History 
 
 OF 
 
 Mary Baldwin Seminary 
 
 (Originally Augusta Female Seminary) 
 
 From 1842 to 19O5 Inclusive 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 JOSEPH A. WADDELL 
 
 By Request of Board of Trustees 
 
 1905 
 
AUGUSTA PRINTING CORPORATION 
 
 STAUNTON, VIRGINIA, 
 1908 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The following historical sketch of the Mary Baldwin 
 Seminary was prepared by the HON. JOSEPH ADDISON WAD- 
 DELI,, LL. D., at the solicitation of the Board of Trustees. 
 He had been identified with the school to such extent that no 
 account of it would be complete without the mention of him- 
 self in a way which his natural feeling of delicacy makes im- 
 possible. The Board has therefore appointed the undersigned 
 committee to prepare this preface, expressing its grateful 
 appreciation of his services and devotion. 
 
 About the year 1855 when Dr. Waddell's father, Dr. 
 Addison Waddell, died, he was elected to succeed him as a 
 member of the Board of Trustees, and soon after was made 
 clerk of the Board, having held that office ever since, a period 
 of fully fifty years. Throughout all this time he has been 
 the Seminary's best friend, serving it with an affectionate de- 
 votion, only less than that he has given his home and his 
 church, bestowing upon it freely his time and thought and 
 ever ready to help it with his means when there was need 
 for it. It is safe to say that nothing of importance has ever 
 been undertaken without consulting him, few things have 
 been done without his approval, and many things upon his 
 suggestion. 
 
 At the most critical time in the history of the school it 
 was his sagacious suggestion that saved it from extinction and 
 resulted in its establishment upon a secure and permanent 
 basis. This was in the year 1863, when the crisis of the war 
 was approaching, when in the South industries were paralyzed 
 and energies prostrated and hope was beginning to falter, 
 that there was serious danger of having to close the Semi- 
 nary. It was Dr. Waddell who then suggested that Miss 
 McClung and Miss Baldwin be asked to take charge of 
 the institution and succeeded in persuading them to under- 
 take it. Miss McClung had had experience in the department 
 she was to assume and was well known, but the credit was 
 due to him of seeing in Miss Baldwin, whose experience and 
 
 M129889 
 
acquaintance were both limited, something of the gifts that 
 qualified her for her place and that afterwards made her fa- 
 mous. It is true he did not at that time suspect the extent 
 and scope of her abilities, and that he mistook for a high de- 
 gree of talent what proved to be no mean order of genius, yet 
 he it is to whom we owe in this way the great opportunity 
 which came to Miss Baldwin and the great career which fol- 
 lowed. From that time on he became the most intimate and 
 trusted adviser of the two distinguished Principals and their 
 successor. They did not always follow his counsel in a slavish 
 manner, yet they always respected and used it in forming 
 their own opinions, so that his judgment has been a guiding 
 influence in the moulding of the school. He could not always 
 restrain what he thought at the time was their too daring en- 
 terprise. His watchfulness and his knowledge of affairs saved 
 them from legal complications; his strong words sustained 
 their courage and at critical moments in the administration 
 and discipline of the school when a more masculine decision 
 was needed, he has spared them pain and difficulty by assum- 
 ing disagreeable responsibilities. 
 
 He has rendered these services without remuneration of 
 any sort. He has ever regarded his proteges and their great 
 school with a tender and ardent love, without jealousy of the 
 one or inordinate pride in the other. Everything connected 
 with the Seminary, its buildings, its grounds, its administra- 
 tive policies, its courses of study, its school spirit all bear the 
 impress of his warm heart and sound judgment. 
 
 At this day after more than a half century of service his 
 bow abides in its strength and there is no one whose wishes 
 are more consulted and whose opinion is more sought in the 
 conduct of the school. 
 
 G. W. FINLEY, 
 A. M. FRASER, 
 
 Committee. 
 
Histor? of flDar? Baldwin Seminar? 
 
 Untrotwctors 
 
 For some years early in the last century (19th) a 
 succession of schools for girls were conducted in Staunton 
 by different teachers, who were intimately associated with 
 the Presbyterian church. The first of these remembered 
 by me dimly, was conducted by a Mr. Easterbrook, a 
 native of New England. I was a very young child at the 
 time, and my recollection of the period is slight; but I re- 
 member that Mr. Easterbrook lived and had his school in 
 the house now called "Hill Top," one of the Mary Baldwin 
 Seminary buildings. How long Mr. Easterbrook resided 
 here I do not know. On leaving Staunton, he removed 
 to Knoxville, Tennessee. My impression is that he was 
 much esteemed by the Presbyterians of Staunton and 
 citizens generally. 
 
 The next Principal of a school of this sort was the 
 Rev. Mr. Thatcher, also a native of New England. For 
 several years he lived and conducted his school in a large 
 frame house which stood at the north-east corner of 
 Beverley street and Central Avenue, where the Y. M. C. A. 
 building now stands. After teaching girls for a time, he 
 became Principal of the Boys' Academy, on North New 
 street, and held the position for a year or two. He fre- 
 quently preached in the pulpit of the Presbyterian church, 
 when the pastor, the Rev. Joseph Smith, was absent. I 
 do not remember, and have no means of ascertaining, how 
 long he resided in Staunton, and where he went when he 
 left here. 
 
 The next school for girls in Staunton, under Presby- 
 terian auspices, was conducted by Mr. Robert L. Cooke, a 
 native of Vermont, who came here immediately from 
 Princeton, New Jersey. His school was held, for a part 
 of his time at least, in a house which lately stood on the 
 west side of North New street, the second house from 
 
 [5] 
 
Frederick street, and familiarly known as the ' 'Old Black- 
 burn House." I cannot recall the date of his departure 
 from Staunton. He returned to the North, and from the 
 date of his departure till the year 1842, there was no 
 school for girls in Staunton specially patronized by Presby- 
 terians. 
 
 All the three schools just mentioned were private 
 institutions, there being no incorporation or formal organi- 
 zation in charge of them, and each of the principals 
 rented the premises occupied by them. 
 
 [6] 
 
1* 
 
 jfounbation of tbe Seminary an& H&ministra* 
 tion of flDr, Bailey 
 
 N the summer of 1842, the Rev. Rufus W. 
 Bailey came to Staunton, in search of a place 
 for the location of a female school, so called. 
 What directed him to Staunton I do not know. 
 Mr. Bailey was a native of the State of 
 Maine, but had lived for many years in South 
 Carolina, where he was engaged in education- 
 al work. He was a man of superior ability, and could not 
 have resided anywhere without being felt as a power in a 
 community. He sought the acquaintance of Presbyterian 
 ministers and people, and suggested the establishment here 
 of a seminary of high grade for the education of girls and 
 young women, distinctively under Presbyterian control. 
 The suggestion was cordially received. A number of 
 ministers and other gentlemen met from time to time to 
 confer in reference to the matter, and after much con- 
 sideration, in August, 1842, a "Plan or Constitution of the 
 Augusta Female Seminary was adopted and signed by the 
 persons present, as follows : 
 
 I. OBJECT OF THE SEMINARY. 
 The founders of this Institution design it to afford 
 the means of a thorough literary and Christian education 
 to the female youth of this portion of our country. 
 
 II. TRUSTEES. 
 
 1. There shall be a Board of Trustees consisting of 
 15 members, viz : Rev. F. McFarland, D. D. , Col. James 
 Crawford, Rev. Wm. Brown, Adam Link, Esq., John 
 McCue, Esq., Rev. P. E. Stevenson, Dr. A. Waddell, Rev. 
 S. J. Love, Jacob Baylor, Esq., Maj. John Marshall Mc- 
 Cue, Wm. Frazier, Esq., A. S. Hall, Esq., Wm. M. Tate, 
 Esq., James A. Cochran, Esq. and Rev. B. M. Smith. 
 
 [7] 
 
2. To the trustees shall pertain the duty of managing 
 the funds and property of the Seminary, and by all 
 proper means promoting the interests of the Institution. 
 
 3. The trustees shall elect their own officers, make 
 their by-laws, and fill vacancies in their own way. 
 
 4. The Board shall meet at least once annually, and 
 oftener on their adjournment. One-third shall constitute 
 a quorum, except on the occasion of electing a Principal, 
 when it shall require four-fifths of the whole number, 
 and of electing a trustee, when it shall require a majority. 
 
 III. OF THE PRINCIPAL. 
 
 1. To the Principal shall be assigned the regulation 
 of the studies and classes of the Seminary and the dis- 
 cipline of the pupils, subject to the supervision of the 
 Board. 
 
 At as early a period as practicable after entering on 
 the duties of his office, he shall lay before the Board a 
 scheme of instructions, together with a list of such text- 
 books in the various departments as he may deem proper. 
 
 IV. OF THE INSTRUCTORS. 
 
 The Principal may employ temporary aid in the Insti- 
 tution at his own charges for any time less than one 
 scholastic year, the same person not being eligible for two 
 consecutive years; but all permanent instructors shall be 
 elected by the trustees, and shall be required to conform 
 to such regulations as the Principal, under sanction of the 
 Board, may prescribe. 
 
 V. TERM OF OFFICE. 
 
 The Principal and Instructors shall be elected without 
 condition of time. Should any of them desire to leave 
 the Institution, or should the Board decide that the in- 
 terests of the Institution require such a procedure, five 
 months previous notice should be given in either case, 
 unless the party notified should remit the obligation, and 
 provided always that the cause of (sentence not completed. ) 
 
 [8] 
 
VI. PUPILS. 
 
 1. Every pupil applying for admission to the Semi- 
 nary shall submit to an examination on literary attain- 
 ments by the Principal, or one of the Instructors (in 
 presence of any member or members of the Board, should 
 such attend.) 
 
 2. The Pupils are expected to conduct themselves 
 with propriety within and out of school, subject to such 
 regulations as the Principal may prescribe. 
 
 VII. COURSE OF STUDIES. 
 
 The Principal, as heretofore provided, shall designate 
 the course of studies subject to the supervision of the 
 Board. But it is hereby especially stipulated that such 
 courses shall always contemplate a daily recitation by all 
 the pupils able to read, of a portion of the sacred Scrip- 
 tures. 
 
 VIII. ADMENDMENTS. 
 
 Amendments may be made in this plan by a vote of 
 three-fourths of the whole number of Trustees. 
 
 Signed by 12 of the Trustees named in the 2nd 
 article, these members apparently being absent at the time, 
 viz : Col. James Crawford, Rev. S. J. Love, and James 
 A. Cochran, Esq. 
 
 Dr. McFarland was pastor of Bethel church, Wm. 
 Brown, pastor of Augusta Church, Mr. Stevenson, pastor 
 of Staunton church, Mr. Love, pastor of Hebron church, 
 and Mr. Smith, pastor of Tinkling Spring and Waynes- 
 boro churches. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. John Hendren, pastor of Union church, 
 sometime afterwards became a member of the Board. 
 
 At a meeting held in September, 1842, the Board of 
 Trustees organized by the election of the following offi- 
 cers : 
 
 REV. FRANCIS MCFARLAND, D. D., President, 
 COL. JAMES CRAWFORD, Vice President, 
 WILLIAM FRAZIER, Secretary, 
 ALEXANDER S. HALL, Treasurer. 
 
 [9] 
 
Mr. Bailey was elected Principal, with his wife as as- 
 sistant. He submitted to the Board a scheme of instruc- 
 tions and a list of text-books. 
 
 A body of by-laws having been adopted, in accordance 
 with the 7th, the Board was divided into five classes or 
 committees of three members, each consisting of one 
 clergyman and two laymen, to visit the school monthly 
 and be present at the usual daily exercises. 
 
 An address to the people of Augusta County, setting 
 forth the principles upon which the school was based and 
 to be conducted, was reported by a committee of which 
 the Rev. B. M. Smith was the chairman, was adopted and 
 ordered to be published. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Frazier a committee of five was ap- 
 pointed to procure a site on which to build a suitable edi- 
 fice for the Seminary, viz : James A. Cochran, Dr. A. 
 Waddell, Wm. M. Tate, Wm. Frazier and Adam Link. 
 Only a school house was contemplated. 
 
 Mr. Bailey had, by invitation, attended all the meet- 
 ings mentioned and participated in the proceedings. 
 
 The school was opened during the fall of 1842, and 
 was conducted for some months in the upper rooms of a 
 frame house, which stood at the south-west corner of 
 New street and Court-house Alley, where the Eakleton 
 Hotel now stands, the lower floor of the house being used 
 as a Cabinet-maker's shop. It was soon removed, how- 
 ever, to the large frame house on the north side of Green- 
 ville Avenue near the present Gas Works, which is still 
 standing. Mr. William Craig was tenant of the house, 
 and furnished one or more rooms for the school. He also 
 furnished board to sundry pupils from the country. 
 
 The number of pupils and general success of the 
 school were satisfactory to the Principal and Trustees. 
 
 At a meeting of the Board held Friday, July 16, 1843, 
 a communication was received from Mr. Bailey, and by 
 request he appeared and made statements in response to 
 
 [10] 
 
the successful operation of the school during the previous 
 year. 
 
 On motion, Messrs. Hall, Waddell, Crawford, Cochran 
 and Link were appointed a Financial Committee to make 
 inquiries concerning the whole subject of the future loca- 
 tion and management of the Seminary. 
 
 The annual meeting of the Board of Trustees, 
 agreeably to the constitution, was held Friday, July 14, 
 1843. 
 
 The Financial Committee appointed on June 16, made 
 a report which was adopted, in substance as follows : 
 
 1. That the Board proceed to devise the ways and 
 means for the erection of a suitable Seminary building, 
 and that subscription papers be immediately opened on 
 the basis that no subscription should be considered bind- 
 ing until the sum of $2500 should be subscribed. 
 
 2. That the building be erected on the lot of the 
 Presbyterian church in Staunton, on such terms as might 
 be agreed upon by the Trustees of the Seminary and the 
 Trustees of the church. 
 
 3. That for the next scholastic year the Seminary 
 should continue where it then was, upon Mr. Craig's 
 furnishing an additional room, &c. 
 
 4. That a committee be appointed to contract for 
 the materials and making of suitable furniture for the 
 school. 
 
 5. That the sum of $50 for the rent of the next 
 year be met by a pro-rata charge upon the pupils, and 
 that the cost of new furniture be defrayed out of such 
 subscriptions as might be obtained for the general object 
 of building. 
 
 6. That a committee be appointed to solicit from 
 the patrons of the school contributions to make up the 
 sum of $38 due on last year's rent. 
 
 James A. Cochran, Dr. A. Waddell and Alexander S. 
 Hall were appointed a committee for opening subscriptions 
 and for the general supervision of the business of sub- 
 scriptions. 
 
 cm 
 
John McCue, Wm. M. Tate and Rev. B. M. Smith 
 were appointed a committee to confer with the Trustees 
 of the Presbyterian church on the subject contained in 
 the 2nd of the foregoing resolutions. 
 
 The Rev. Messrs. Smith, Stevenson and Brown were 
 appointed a committee to adopt and publish an expression 
 of the Board as to the past operations of the Seminary, 
 and its arrangement and prospect for the future. 
 
 It will be observed that no provision was made by the 
 Trustees for boarding pupils from abroad, but parents or 
 guardians of such pupils were left to obtain accommoda- 
 tions in private families of the town. Mr. Wm. Craig, 
 the tenant of the house in which the school was held, 
 furnished board to a number of non-resident pupils. 
 
 The church lot on which it was proposed to erect a 
 Seminary building, was the ground between the church 
 and New street. This ground was originally and for 
 many years a most unsightly spot, being used as a brick- 
 yard. Having been purchased by the congregation, it 
 was enclosed, graded and planted with trees. The deed of 
 conveyance to the trustees of the church is dated May 13, 
 1841, (in the Clerk's office of the County Court, Deed 
 Book 62, page 84) but the ground was purchased and im- 
 proved several years before that date. 
 
 The Board of Trustees met again at the Seminary, 
 Tuesday, September 5, 1843. 
 
 At this meeting, a memorandum of the agreement 
 proposed by the committee of the Seminary to the Trustees 
 of the church, together with the attested minutes of the 
 proceedings of the church trustees sanctioning and ac- 
 cepting the same, was reported and approved. The agree- 
 ment stipulated that the Trustees of the Seminary should 
 erect, on the lot of ground belonging to the congregation, 
 on which their house of worship stands, a brick building 
 not less than 30 by 50 feet, two stories high and suitable 
 for the purposes of the Seminary, one room in the build- 
 ing to be used for such purposes as the church authori- 
 
 [12] 
 
ties might assign, not inconsistent with the main purpose 
 of the building; provided always that the pastor and 
 other officers of the church shall be in full communion 
 with the Presbyterian church in the United States known 
 as the "Old School Presbyterian Church. " And the 
 Trustees of the church guarantee to the Trustees of the 
 Seminary possession in perpetuity of the said building, 
 with the exception of the one room; provided always that 
 the Seminary shall be managed by a Board of Trustee of 
 which three-fourths shall be ministers or members of the 
 Old School Presbyterian church. It was further agreed 
 that a formal contract on the part of the Trustees of the 
 church should be executed as soon as the Trustees of the 
 Seminary should be incorporated by act of the Legislature. 
 
 A building committee, with discretionary powers 
 was appointed, consisting of Dr. A. Waddell, A. S. Hall, 
 J. A. Cochran, A. Link and Wm. Frazier. 
 
 At a meeting of Trustees, October 18, 1843, pledges 
 were mutually given by several gentlemen present, as 
 well for themselves as on behalf of others not present, 
 that they would enter into a contract to become personally 
 responsible for the sum requisite to erect the Seminary 
 building. 
 
 The corner stone of the first Seminary building was 
 laid with appropriate ceremonies, June 15, 1844. A 
 copper plate inscribed with the names of the trustees, 
 officers and pupils, &c. , was deposited in the stone, and 
 also a copy of the Bible enclosed in oil silk, with the su- 
 perscription : "The only Rule of Faith and first text-book 
 of the Augusta Female Seminary. " After this the Rev. 
 B. M. Smith delivered an address, which was published. 
 The stone, under the direction of the President of the 
 Board, was then set in its place by the operative masons. 
 
 June 28, 1844, was the last day of the second scholas- 
 tic year, and a large number of spectators, ladies and 
 gentlemen, attended the examinations and other exercises 
 of the school, which began on the morning of Thursday 
 
 [13] 
 
the 27th, and was continued through the following day. 
 
 Mr. Bailey issued at this time a small pamphlet con- 
 taining the names of officers and pupils of the Seminary, 
 &c. , and the address of Mr. Smith at the laying of the 
 corner stone. Only one copy of the pamphlet survives at 
 this day. The number of pupils during the second year 
 was only 60 (sixty) and among them was Mary Julia Bald- 
 win. 
 
 Pupils of the Augusta Female Seminary, during its 
 first year, 1843-4. 
 
 Mary A. Ast, 
 *Mary C.Baylor, 
 ^Catharine J. Baylor, 
 *Maragret S. Bell, 
 *Sarah A. Bell, 
 Selina M. Bagly, 
 Mildred A. Bagly, 
 *Jane A. Bare, 
 Mary J. Baldwin, 
 *Sarah J. Crawford, 
 *Francis M. Crawford, 
 Susan V. Crawford, 
 Susie M. M. Clarke, 
 Margaret C. Calvert, 
 Annie R. Cooper, 
 Francis A. Carrol, 
 *Rachel M. Christian, 
 *Susan F. Craig, 
 *Sarah H. Douglass, 
 * Amanda E. McCue, 
 *Virginia C. Dupuy, 
 Margaret A. Fultz, 
 Amanda C. Fultz, 
 Elizabeth E. Fuller, 
 Lucy A. M. Grove, 
 Augusta V. Grove, 
 Julia F. Grove, 
 Elizabeth E. Goodsby, 
 Caroline Hall, 
 
 *Christinia V. Harnsberger, 
 *Rebecca A. Ingles, 
 Harriet A. T. Kyle, 
 Elizabeth V. Lyle, 
 Martha A. Lyle, 
 *Emily S. Link, 
 *Nanny E. L. Montgomery, 
 *Martha J. McCue, 
 *Sarah J. McCue, 
 Sommerville N. May, 
 Mary J. May, 
 Eliza J. McCoy, 
 Catharine S. Parry, 
 Susan F. Ruff, 
 Margaret S. Parrent, 
 *Emeline L. Sproul, 
 ^Caroline A. Sieg, 
 ^Catharine H. Sieg, 
 *Mary J. Sterrett, 
 *Susan Thompson, 
 *Mary M. Trimble, 
 Margaret E. R. Tapp, 
 *SarahF. G. Taylor, 
 * Juliet C. B. Taylor, 
 Catharine S. Waddell, 
 *Martha M. Waddell, 
 Susan McC. Willson 
 Mary A. Warden. 
 
 Names of pupils not living in town are marked thus ( 
 
 [14] 
 
At a meeting of Trustees on Monday, July 22, 1844, 
 David Fultz, Esq., was elected a member of the Board, 
 in place of the Rev. P. E. Stevenson, who had removed 
 from the state. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. McFarland, the Rev. Wm. Brown and 
 John McCue, Esq., were appointed a committee to pre- 
 pare and publish in the " Watchman of the South" "an 
 expression of the principles and plan upon which the 
 school is founded and conducted. " 
 
 As far as the record of proceedings show, there was 
 no meeting of the trustees from July 22, 1844, till the 
 year 1846. In the meanwhile the Seminary building was 
 erected and delivered to the Trustees and by them to the 
 Principal, Rev. R. W. Bailey. This was the central 
 building with the portico and columns in front. The 
 large room on the lower floor was set apart for the use of 
 the Presbyterian congregation, and was occupied for 
 several years as a Lecture Room. Above that, in the 
 second story, was the main school room. Several smaller 
 rooms in both stories were used by the Principal for 
 various purposes. 
 
 On January 30, 1845, the Legislature of Virginia 
 passed an act incorporating Augusta Female Seminary. 
 
 The act provided for a Board of Trustees consistng 
 of fifteen members, self -perpetuating, with the privilege 
 of increasing the number to twenty. It presented that 
 lands, goods and chattels held by the Seminary should 
 not exceed in value the sum of $30,000. Five Trustees 
 were constituted a quorum to transact ordinary business; 
 but a majority was required to elect officers and teachers, 
 and to fill vacancies in the Board caused by death, resigna- 
 tion or removal. 
 
 The Trustees named in the act were ; 1. Francis 
 McFarland. 2. James Crawford. 3. William Brown. 4. 
 Adam Link. 5. John McCue. 6. David Fultz. 7. Addi- 
 son Waddell. 8. Solomon J. Love. 9. J. Marshall McCue, 
 10. William Frazier. 11. Alexander S. Hall. 12. William 
 
 [15] 
 
M. Tate. 13. James A. Cochran. 14. Benjamin M. 
 Smith. 
 
 The name of Jacob Baylor, the 15th member, having 
 been omitted, accidentally, in the act as printed, he was 
 afterwards formally elected a member of the Board. The 
 number of members was never increased to 20, or beyond 
 15. 
 
 The Trustees met again in 1846, the month and day 
 being strangely omitted in the the record and proceedings, 
 but it was probably at the close of the session of 1845-6. 
 
 The Secretary having read the act of incorporation 
 passed by the General Assembly of Virginia, it was unani- 
 mously accepted, and the Board organized de vora under 
 the charter, by the election of officers, as follows: 
 
 REV. FRANCIS MCFARLAND, D. D., President, 
 REV. JOHN HENDREN, D. D., Vice President, 
 WILLIAM FRAZIER, Secretary, 
 ALEXANDER S. HALL, Treasurer. 
 
 The Rev. Rufus W. Bailey and Wm. Bailey were 
 elected Principals. 
 
 The Principal presented an account showing the sums 
 collected by him during the past four sessions, for inci- 
 dental expenses, the sum of 50 cents being required of 
 each pupil. The total amount was $134, out of which the 
 rent due to Mr. Craig and other expenses were paid. It 
 appeared incidentally that the average number of pupils 
 during those years was 66. 
 
 Mr. Bailey was authorized to fit up the basement 
 underneath the parlor, and to make other improvements, 
 chargeable to the contingent fund. 
 
 A committee was appointed to confer with the 
 Trustees of the Presbyterian church for the purpose of 
 formally ratifying the contract previously entered into 
 with them by the Trustees of the Seminary. Of this, 
 however, we hear nothing more. The contract was not 
 formally ratified, and the Trustees of the Seminary 
 having no legal title, were practically "squatters" on the 
 
 [16] 
 
domain of the church (!) The Seminary, as a corporation, 
 at this time and for many years, owned no property what- 
 ever, except a few articles of cheap furniture. 
 
 At the same meeting a resolution was unanimously 
 adopted, expressing the high sense of the Trustees of the 
 qualifications of the Principal as a teacher, and of the 
 manner in which he had discharged the responsible and 
 onerous duties of his office. 
 
 At a special meeting of the Board, December 26, 1847, 
 a committee was appointed to prepare and publish an ad- 
 dress setting forth the views and opinions of the Trustees 
 in regard to the conduct and present condition of the 
 school. 
 
 The members of the Board were classified in com- 
 mittees to attend monthly examinations of the pupils. 
 
 Wm. Frazier, Esq., was appointed to deliver an address 
 to the pupils on the last Friday in January, 1848. 
 
 On June 28, 1848, a committee previously appointed 
 to revise the constitution and by-laws, made a report which 
 was adopted. The existing "constitution" having been 
 superseded by the charter, its various provisions were de- 
 clared to be operative as by-laws as far as consistent with 
 the charter. The Board of Trustees was made to consist 
 of not more than twenty members instead of fifteen. It 
 was further provided that any Trustee failing to attend 
 the meetings of the Board without sufficient excuse, shall 
 be considered as having forfeited his seat. 
 
 The following Regulations were adopted at a meeting 
 of the Board, August 2, 1848; 
 
 1. Pupils of the Seminary shall be carefully instruct- 
 ed in the principles of Christian truths. For this purpose 
 the whole school shall be assembled in the school room 
 every Sabbath morning, at a suitable hour, for reciting to 
 the Principal and other teachers such lessons in the Scrip- 
 tures and in the catechisms of the Presbyterian church as 
 the Principal shall appoint This time shall be so arranged 
 that the pupils may all proceed from the school room to 
 
 [17] 
 
the church where they shall be expected to attend with 
 appropriate deportment on the sermon. From the obliga- 
 tions of this Regulation, or any part of it, no pupil shall 
 be exempt except by personal or written request of the 
 parent or guardian. 
 
 2. All visiting or receiving visits by the pupils is pro- 
 hibited, except within the period from the close of the 
 afternoon session of school till sun down, and on Friday 
 till 10 o'clock, P. M., with the whole afternoon of Satur- 
 day. 
 
 3. No pupil shall pay a visit in town or shall leave 
 town, except when sent for by her parents, or on permis- 
 sion granted by the Principal or the persons with whom 
 she boards. 
 
 4. No visiting or attentions to the pupils by young 
 persons of the other sex shall be allowed, except in the 
 presence of the head of the family in which she boards, 
 or some authorized substitute. 
 
 5. The Principal is charged with the duty of en- 
 forcing these Regulations. 
 
 6. A copy of these Regulations shall be furnished to 
 all persons proposing to take pupils of the Seminary as 
 boarders. 
 
 The Principal was permitted to associate with the Rev. 
 S. Matthews in his management of the Seminary, if 
 found desirable and practicable. 
 
 A meeting of the Trustees was held in January, 1849, 
 at which Mr. Bailey tendered his resignation as Princi- 
 pal of the Seminary. His resignation was accepted, and 
 a resolution was adopted expressing the high appreciation 
 by the Trustees of the long and valued services of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Bailey in the cause of female education, in con- 
 nection with the Seminary, and the assurance that they 
 would carry with them the cordial wishes of the Board 
 for their personal happiness and prosperity. 
 
 Whether the resigination of Mr. Bailey took effect 
 at the close of the half session, January 31, 1849, or the 
 
 [18] 
 
end of the full annual session, in June, 1849, does not dis- 
 stinctly appear from the proceedings of the Trustees. 
 Probably it took effect on January 31st, as a committee of 
 the Board was appointed at this meeting to provide for 
 instruction in the department of music for the next session 
 of five months. 
 
 There are no means of ascertaining the average num- 
 ber of pupils each year during Mr. Bailey's administration 
 as Principal; but it rarely, if ever, reached the number of 
 70. Yet the success of the school met the expectations of 
 its patrons. Several accomplished assistant teachers were 
 engaged by Mr. Bailey during his term of service. 
 
 After resigning his connection with the Seminary, 
 Mr. Bailey acted as agent of the American Colonization 
 Society, for some years, residing in Staunton, and vicinity. 
 He finally died in Texas. His portrait is suspended in the 
 parlor of the Seminary. 
 
 [19] 
 
II 
 
 H&mfnfstrationof IRev, Samuel mattbews, IRev, 
 Mm. <B* Campbell, IRev, mm. B. Browne, 
 flOr. William fit flDarquiss ant> flDr. 
 3obn 3B. 
 
 T the meeting in January, 1849, after Mr. 
 Bailey's resignation, the Rev. Samuel Matthews 
 was elected Principal of the Seminary; but 
 whether he entered upon his duties the first of 
 February, or at the beginning of the next 
 session, the record does not show. 
 Mr. Matthews soon became discouraged, and in 
 December following his election, addressed a note to the 
 Board ' 'unconditionally resigning the situation of Princi- 
 pal," to take effect at the end of the scholastic year, June, 
 1850. 
 
 The resignation was accepted at a meeting held 
 December 25, 1849, and a committee was appointed to 
 procure a successor. From what place Mr. Matthews 
 came and to what place he went, I cannot learn. 
 
 Mr. Alexander S. Hall, a member of the Board 
 of Trustees and Treasurer of the Seminary, having de- 
 parted this life, Mr. Davis A. Kayser was appointed 
 Treasurer, at a meeting held April 10, 1850. 
 
 At the same meeting, the Rev. B. M. Smith from the 
 committee of correspondence, on the subject of procuring 
 a Principal to take charge of the Seminary at the close of 
 Mr. Matthews' term, made a report consisting of various 
 letters and testimonials from different gentlemen with 
 whom the committee had corresponded. 
 
 The Board declined to elect a Principal at that time, 
 and instructed the Secretary to advertise in the Philadel- 
 
 [21] 
 
phia ' 'Presbyterian" and the "National Intelligence" of 
 Washington, D. C., that an election would be made on 
 Monday, May 20th, next. 
 
 A committee was appointed to inquire into the ex- 
 pediency of raising a fund to procure a chemical and 
 philosophical apparatus for the Seminary. 
 
 The Board met again May 20, 1850, and the Secretary 
 reported that letters had been received from seven gentle- 
 men applying for the position of Principal, viz : 1 from 
 Maine, 2 from New York, 1 from Pennsylvania, 2 from 
 Maryland, and 1 from North Carolina. 
 
 None of these gentlemen were put in nomination, and 
 the Board proceeding to elect, Mr. John L. Campbell, 
 of Richmond, Kentucky, (afterwards for many years a 
 Professor in Washington College and Washington & Lee 
 University, Lexington Virginia) was nominated and 
 unanimously elected Principal of the Seminary. 
 
 On June 14, 1850, at a called meeting of the Board, 
 the Rev. B. M. Smith reported that Mr. J. L. Campbell 
 had declined the appointment tendered to him. 
 
 Whereupon, the Rev. Dr. Hendren nominated the 
 Rev. Wm. G. Campbell, pastor of Shemariah church, 
 Augusta County, for the office of Principal, and he was 
 unanimously elected. 
 
 Mr. Campbell took charge of the Seminary on the 
 1st of September, 1850. But on the 27th of January 
 following, he was released, at his request from the office 
 of Principal, to take effect on the 31st of the same month, 
 January, 1851. 
 
 As far as appears there was "no school" during the 
 remainder of the scholastic year. 
 
 The Rev. William B. Browne, of Hillsboro, North 
 Carolina, was elected Principal, on May 26, 1851, and 
 entered upon the duties of his office in the following 
 September. During his term the school was moderately 
 successful. 
 
 On April 7, 1852, the Board resolved that it was de- 
 
 [22] 
 
sirable to provide a suitable residence for the Principal, 
 and a committee was appointed to open subscription books 
 for necessary means. Another committee was appointed 
 to secure a suitable site for the proposed building. For 
 a time it was proposed to erect the new building on a lot 
 to be procured for the purpose; but finally it was deter- 
 mined to add to the school house already built, the con- 
 gregation of the Presbyterian church having consented 
 thereto. 
 
 At a subsequent meeting of the Trustees, the commit- 
 tee on subscriptions reported that the sum of $1400 had 
 been secured. 
 
 On January 3, 1853, the Board authorized a Building 
 committee to contract for the erection of the addition to 
 the Seminary, according to the plan that day reported, 
 when satisfied that reliable subscriptions within $500 of 
 the estimate cost had been secured. On the 28th of 
 September, of the same year, the restriction imposed on 
 the Building committee as to expenditures was removed. 
 That is, the Committee was authorized to proceed, in the 
 expectation of obtaining the necessary amount of money 
 by general contributions. 
 
 The Board of Trustees held various meetings after 
 September 28, 1853, and before July 4, 1857, but the 
 record of proceedings has been lost. 
 
 In the meantime the addition to the school house 
 had been erected, consisting of the two wings to the 
 former central building. The addition furnished a resi- 
 dence for the Principal and accomodations for 15 to 20 
 boarding pupils. After the completion of the addition, 
 the basement room of the eastern wing was used for 
 many years by the Presbyterian congregation as a Lecture 
 Room, instead of the room on the first floor of the original 
 building. 
 
 Many changes had occurred in the Board of Trustees, 
 on account of deaths, resignations or removals, and the 
 election of new members. The Rev. William Browne had 
 
 [23] 
 
taken the place of Dr. McFarland as President ; and Jos. 
 A. Waddell having been elected a member in place of his 
 father, who died in 1855, was appointed Secretary, and 
 has held that office continuously to the present time. 
 
 The Rev. Wm. B. Browne resigned the office of 
 Principal in 1856, and removed to Lexington, Kentucky. 
 
 Mr. Wm. H. Marquiss was the next Principal, and 
 the first to occupy the addition to the Seminary. Owing 
 to the loss of records, it is impossible to state the date of 
 Mr. Browne's resignation, and of Mr. Marquiss' election. 
 
 Mr. Marquiss soon became dissatisfied with his posi- 
 tion, and on June 24, 1857, addressed a letter to the 
 Trustees, stating that his continuance to hold the office of 
 Principal depended upon the following conditions : 1st. 
 The completion of the boarding house, &c., in time for 
 the next session; 2nd. The estimate the Board placed 
 upon his losses, and their willingness to give him remuner- 
 ative advantages for the future; and 3rd, Upon the Board 
 securing to the Seminary the privacy becoming a female 
 boarding school. (He objected to members of the con- 
 gregation entering the gate on New street, and passing 
 immediately in front of the Seminary, while going to and 
 returning from church, the way around being unpaved, 
 rugged and often muddy.) 
 
 The Trustees replied to the letter of Mr. Marquiss at 
 a meeting held July 4, 1857, by resolutions declaring that 
 having already incurred heavy pecuniary liabilities, they 
 did not find themselves in a situation to increase their 
 responsibilities in that respect, and were unable to extend 
 more satisfactory arrangements than those which had 
 been already made. 
 
 This response of the Board having been communicated 
 to Mr. Marquiss, he appeared before the Board and stated 
 that he would discontinue his connection with the Semi- 
 nary. 
 
 During the erection of the two wings, probably every 
 member of the Board of Trustees believed that a sufficient 
 
 [24] 
 
amount to pay the costs had been subscribed by friends of 
 the school. But the money had not been collected, and it 
 required time to gather it in. It was necessary, however, 
 to make weekly payments to the contractor to keep his 
 employees at work. Thereupon, at a meeting of the 
 Board it was proposed that money be borrowed from one 
 of the Staunton banks, on the personal credit of members 
 who should sign notes to be discounted. This plan was 
 agreed to, and six members signed notes from time to 
 time as money was needed, and the loans thus made were 
 kept alive by renewals for several years. 
 
 The six members referred to were, the Rev. William 
 Brown, the President, Wm. M. Tate, John Trimble, John 
 D- Imboden, Davis A. Kayser, and Jos. A. Waddell. Other 
 members of the Board declined or failed to sign the notes, 
 and did not come to the relief of the six, when the crisis 
 arrived. It came when the President who had been re- 
 lied upon chiefly in respect to subscriptions, unexpectedly 
 announced that we need not depend upon any subscription 
 list, and all that could be done was for the drawers of 
 the notes in Bank to make their arrangments and pay up. 
 
 At a meeting held July 21, 1857, the Treasurer, Davis 
 A. Kayser, reported that the amount due the Bank for 
 which it held the notes of six of the Trustees, was about 
 $3,221.53. 
 
 At the same meeting, a committee was appointed to 
 obtain, if possible, a part of what was known as the 
 "Shyres fund/' This fund consisted of a sum of money 
 left by the will of an old woman named Shayres (pro- 
 nounced Shires) to Mr. Samuel Clarke for the education 
 of poor children of the town. Mr. Clarke had recently 
 died, and the administrator of his estate sought the ad- 
 vice of the Circuit Court for Augusta County as to the 
 disposition of the money. 
 
 The Seminary Trustees asked that one-fourth of the 
 fund be turned over to them on condition of furnishing 
 free tuition to three indigent young girls living in 
 
 [25] 
 
Staunton. The plan was approved by the Court, and the 
 fund was ultimately divided equally amongst the four in- 
 corporated schools of the town, viz : The Staunton 
 Academy for boys, the Augusta Female Seminary, the 
 Episcopal Institute and the Wesleyan Female Institute, 
 each receiving the sum of $1,062.13. 
 
 The next meeting of Trustees was held August 24, 
 1857, eight members being present. 
 
 At this meeting Mr. John B. Tinsley, late of States- 
 ville, N. C., was elected Principal of the Seminary, and 
 it appears incidentally that he entered upon his duties soon 
 after his election. 
 
 Mr. Tinsley was assisted in the school by his two 
 daughters and other competent teachers. His success for 
 three or four years was apparently satisfactory to him, he 
 having a number of boarders, and many day scholars. 
 
 At a meeting on July 10, 1858, a copy of the decree 
 of the Circuit Court, procured June 19, 1858, in the case 
 of Clarke's administrator vs. The Town of Staunton, in 
 the matter of the Shay res fund, was examined and its 
 terms and conditions were accepted. The decree appoint- 
 ed commissioners to select the beneficiaries of the fund. 
 Since the establishment of Public Free Schools, however, 
 the three free pupils have been appointed by the Superin- 
 tendent or Trustees of the Staunton Schools. 
 
 The Treasurer was authorized to receive the portion 
 of the Shayres fund assigned to the Seminary. 
 
 At several subsequent meetings of the Board the pro- 
 ceedings related chiefly to the indebtedness of the Semi- 
 nary, efforts being made to ascertain the amount, and to 
 obtain means of payment. One proposition was to pro- 
 cure from the congregation of the Presbyterian church 
 the transfer of the fee simple title to the Seminary lot 
 to the Board of Trustees; or for authority to lease the lot 
 and buildings for not less than twenty years. 
 
 On July 13, 1860, a resolution was adopted requiring 
 the Principal to pay a rent of not more than $250 a year, 
 
 [26] 
 
provided the scheme of a long lease should not be carried 
 out. 
 
 Dispairing of obtaining necessary funds by general 
 contributions or otherwise, at a meeting of Trustees held 
 October 27, 1860, the following resolution was adopted : 
 
 "That if Messrs. Wm. M. Tate, Davis A. Kayser, Jos. 
 A. Waddell, John D. Imboden, John Trimble and Wm. 
 Brown will provide for the payment of three thousand 
 ($3,000) of the debt upon the Seminary, that they shall 
 be entitled to the rents annually accuring until they shall 
 be fully indemnified. " 
 
 And at a meeting held November 10, 1860, the Presi- 
 dent and Treasurer were authorized and directed to issue 
 bonds to the six members first named, for five hundred 
 dollars each, bearing date December 1, 1860, upon the 
 said parties furnishing satisfactory evidence of their 
 having paid that amount of debt due at that date. 
 
 The bonds were accordingly executed and delivered. 
 No rents were ever actually paid by any Principal, the 
 amount assessed being always expended in repairs and 
 improvements. 
 
 But it would seem that the Trustees received con- 
 siderably more money than the indebtedness of the Semi- 
 nary required. Thus : 
 
 Received from the Shayres fund $ 1,062.13 
 
 Paid by six of the Trustees 3,000.00 
 
 Total received $ 4,062.13 
 
 Amt. of debt reported by Trustees, 
 
 July 11, 1859 3,221.53 
 
 Surplus $ 840.60 
 
 It is probable, however, that the debts exceeded the 
 amount reported by the Treasurer, as about the sum of 
 $3,221.53. All debts, whatever the amount, were paid, 
 and gave no further trouble (except the sum due the six 
 
 [27] 
 
trustees.) The general excitement on account of the 
 public events which resulted in the war of 1861-5, absorb- 
 ed the attention of the Trustees, as well as all other 
 people, and there never was any final investigation or 
 settlement of these financial matters. 
 
 Mr. Tinsley kept the school open in the years 1860-1, 
 1861-2 and 1862-3. The number of pupils being reduced, 
 and the places of boarders being filled by refugees from 
 places in the vicinity of the contending armies. 
 
 [28] 
 
mi. 
 
 Ht>mini0tratton of fl&ise Batowtn. 
 
 T 
 
 HE record of proceedings of the Board of Trustees 
 indicate that no meeting was held after Novem- 
 ber 10, 1860, till November 16, 1867. The 
 period of the war which intervened, distracted 
 the attention of most people, and moreover, 
 
 while the school was maintained, nothing in 
 
 regard to it seemed to require a meeting of the 
 
 Trustees. 
 
 Between the dates first mentioned, the Secretary of 
 
 the Board entered in the record book the following 
 
 Memorandum. 
 
 "At a meeting of the Board of Trustees, held the 
 
 day of 1863, of which no record was made, 
 
 Miss Mary J. Baldwin and Miss Agnes R. McClung were 
 elected Principals of the Seminary. The former was 
 vested with authority and full control over the school, 
 the appointment of teachers, &c. ; and the latter to have 
 charge of the boarding department, The said Principals 
 to make such arrangements between themselves in re- 
 gard to a division of profits " [if any, it might have been 
 added, for no profits were anticipated] "as they may see 
 fit. The question of rent was postponed for future con- 
 sideration, with the understanding that no rent was to be 
 expected immediately." 
 
 The instalment of Misses McClung and Baldwin in the 
 Seminary requires a more particular account of it. 
 
 By the summer of 1863, every school in the town had 
 been closed because of the distraction of the war. Mr. 
 Tinsley held on till the month of July or August, and then 
 resigned the office of Principal, proposing to remove from 
 Staunton. Thereupon, Misses McClung and Baldwin were 
 
 [29] 
 
induced to take charge of the school as joint Principals. 
 
 Having been the first to suggest this arrangement, 
 and particularly active in bringing it to pass, I may, 
 without improperly intruding myself, relate other facts in 
 connection with it, as it led to the foundation of the school 
 on a firm and permanent basis, and to the most unexpect- 
 ed results generally. 
 
 Misses McClung and Baldwin had long been intimate- 
 ly acquainted and were in most respects, kindred spirits, 
 earnest, philanthropic Christian women. 
 
 The former, much the older of the two, was a thoroughly 
 trained house-keeper, noted for her good sense and kind- 
 ness of heart. Being thrown out of employment during 
 the early period of the war, she was restive at being idle 
 and dependent, and frequently expressed to friends near 
 her, her desire to open a boarding house. 
 
 Miss Baldwin was reared in Staunton by her maternal 
 grand-parents, and as far as known was highly esteemed 
 for her mental culture and spirit of benevolence. Previous 
 to the war there was no public free schools in Staunton, 
 and her feelings were enlisted in behalf of the many poor 
 children growing up without an education. Having a 
 small patrimony, furnishing her some means, she rented 
 a school room, and inducing several young women to as- 
 sist her, she opened a charity school. She was the soul 
 of the enterprise, and conducted it successfully for several 
 years. I had been brought into intimate acquaintance 
 with her, and she stated to me that if she survived her 
 grandmother, with whom she lived, her purpose was to 
 open a school for girls, and devote herself to teaching, 
 not merely as a means of support, but of leading a useful 
 life. Her grandmother died early in the year 1862, and 
 she then began a private school in rented premises, which 
 promised to be eminently successful. 
 
 I must mention one fact in regard to Miss Baldwin 
 which I do with some reluctance; but it is necessary to 
 show the self-abnegation and courage with which she dis- 
 
 [30] 
 
charged the varied duties of her life. While she was an 
 infant, one side of her face was smitten with paralysis 
 and sadly marred. As she grew up to womanhood, she 
 was not unconscious of the disfiguration, and was often 
 wounded at discovering that strangers were gazing at 
 her "with the eye of curiosity/ 7 But it did not cause her 
 to become misanthropic, or to shrink into retirement. 
 She had duties to God and her fellow creatures to dis- 
 charge, and in spite of all embarrassments she bravely 
 sought to discharge them. While she at no period of her 
 life engaged in the frivolous pastimes of many women, and 
 generally appeared to discourage the particular attention 
 of gentlemen, she mingled freely with her own sex, and 
 early became a leader in every good work. At home 
 among familiar friends, the disfiguration of her face was 
 hardly thought of. It excited no pity, but rather enhanced 
 the general admiration of her character. One side of 
 her face was comely, and her figure was tall and well pro- 
 portioned. No woman in the community was more ad- 
 mired and loved. 
 
 Under the circumstances related, Miss McClung wish- 
 ing to keep a boarding house, and Miss Baldwin to con- 
 duct a school, in anticipation of Mr. Tinsley's retirement, 
 I suggested to each of them separately, that they take 
 charge of the Seminary. They were surprised and ridi- 
 culed the proposition. I, however, persevered in urging 
 the scheme. I said to Miss Baldwin that I had noticed 
 for years her success in teaching a class in Sunday School, 
 and was satisfied that she had a peculiar talent in teach- 
 ing and managing girls. There was no doubt as to Miss 
 McClung's ability to manage the department suggested 
 for her. They gradually became accustomed to the ar- 
 rangement, and without further consultation with them, 
 immediately after Mr. Tinsley's resignation, they were 
 elected by the Trustees, and submitted to what seemed to 
 be inevitable. They had no opposition no one else 
 would at that time have accepted the position. I had 
 
 [31] 
 
ventured to predict that they would have twenty boarders, 
 as many as the buildings would comfortably accommodate, 
 and these with day pupils would furnish them the means 
 of support and of usefulness. 
 
 An advertisement was put out that the school would 
 open on the 1st day of October. The Seminary was al- 
 most entirely unfurnished, and each of the new Principals 
 had only articles for her chamber. The supply of house- 
 hold furniture usually kept for sale in Staunton was ex- 
 hausted. Soon, however, one and another boarding pupil 
 was entered, till before the day appointed for opening ar- 
 rived, the full complement was enrolled. In the dilemma 
 the Principals resorted to the expedient of borrowing 
 from their friends. No man would or could have started 
 under such circumstances ; but many persons were ready 
 and anxious to help two ladies so well known and so highly 
 esteemed. When a boarder was entered, all necessary 
 chamber and table furniture had to be borrowed bedding, 
 towels, chairs, dishes and plates, cups and saucers, knives 
 and forks, and the dwellings of many persons were stripped 
 of all articles that could be spared. "Confederate cur- 
 rency" was by that time greatly depreciated, and there 
 was no other; it was therefore stipulated that as far as 
 possible the payments for board and tuition should be 
 made in country produce flour, corn, meats, butter, 
 poultry, eggs, vegetables, wood for fuel, hay for a cow, 
 and sorghum molasses. 
 
 The school opened, according to advertisement, on 
 Thursday, October 1, 1863, with 80 pupils of whom 22 
 were boarders. 
 
 Miss McClung was accompained at the Seminary by 
 her venerable mother, whose presence there inspired con- 
 fidence that pupils would be safe and well cared for. 
 Mrs. McClung was widely known, especially by Presby- 
 terian ministers, as a sister of the Rev. Dr. Archibald 
 Alexander of Princeton, and was universally admired and 
 loved for every excellence that adorns the female charac- 
 
 T32] 
 
ter. She survived for some years, and during her life 
 the young pupils of the Seminary nestled around her. 
 
 Miss Baldwin was fortunate in obtaining at the outset 
 some accomplished assistant teachers. One of them was 
 Miss Eliza Howard, a sister-in-law of Dr. McGuifey, Pro- 
 fessor in the University of Virginia, who took much in- 
 terest in the institution, and aided materially in arranging 
 the course of instruction and the general plan of the 
 school. It was arranged that in order to become a full 
 graduate, a pupil must be proficient in the following 
 studies : 
 
 1. English Literature. 
 
 2. History. 
 
 3. Mental and Moral Science. 
 
 4. Mathematics. 
 
 5-6 Natural Science, Chemistry, &c. 
 
 7. Our Ancient Language. 
 
 8. Our Modern Language. 
 
 Instruction in the various accomplishments was also 
 duly provided for elocution, music, drawing and paint- 
 ing, &c. 
 
 The experiences of the Seminary during the war are 
 an interesting chapter in its history, and we have a 
 sprightly account of them, written by Miss Augusta Bum- 
 gardner, a former pupil, and published in the Seminary 
 Annual of 1893. Miss Bumgardner was not born till after 
 the war, and obtained her facts from others. Her narra- 
 tion is styled : 
 
 The Seminary In War Times. 
 
 'It was in the fall of 1863, midst the cannon's roar 
 and the tramp, tramp of the soldier boys, that our cour- 
 ageous principal started her bold undertaking. We in these 
 latter days can scarcely appreciate the difficulties attend- 
 ing such an enterprise. To provide board and fuel for so 
 great a number at a time when flour sold at twenty-five 
 
 [33] 
 
dollars a barrel and bacon at a dollar a pound was a prob- 
 lemn not easily solved. All the long summer days were 
 spent in laying in supplies, and by dint of unceasing per- 
 severance, together with the aid of kindly friends, when 
 autumn returned, a sufficient store had been collected to 
 keep the wolf from the door, for a time at least. The 
 trouble, though, did not end here. The provisions were 
 in possession, but how to keep them ? 
 
 "Staunton in those days was a great depot for army 
 supplies, and was consequently alive with soldiers wearing 
 both the blue and the gray. The former's proclivities for 
 appropriating all the goods and chattels of their Southern 
 foes, especially the contents of the larder, was a fact 
 thoroughly within the grasp of a school girl's mind. Ac- 
 cordingly when that dread cry, 'The Yankees !' went 
 forth, down dropped every book and out rushed every 
 girl. The wood pile, then just outside the present parlor 
 window, there being no other back yard, claimed attention 
 first, a soldier's weakness in that line being proverbial. 
 The girl would seize upon a log of wood, put one end on 
 each shoulder, and off they'd go to deposit it in the dark 
 and hidden precincts of the cellar. Many hands made 
 quick work, and soon there was no trace of a wood pile 
 save a few scattered chips. 
 
 ' 'By stratagem which would have rendered a general 
 famous, many barrels of flour had been procured, and 
 deep and anxious were the debates as to the safest hiding 
 place for the precious possession. At the suggestion of a 
 bright-eyed little maiden, each girl draped a barrel in one 
 of her white skirts crinolines were then in favor 
 making thus a dainty dressing-table for every room. But 
 alas ! there were more barrels than rooms. Accordingly 
 the contents of the remaining ones were sewed up in a 
 tick and did duty as a bed. When the tramp of the blue 
 coats was heard, the thinnest girl in the school and it is 
 said she was the only thin one chalked her face to a 
 ghastly white and got into her bed of flour. As Miss 
 
 [34] 
 
Baldwin ushered a Federal officer into the room to make 
 the usual search, this ghastly figure suddenly rose up in 
 the bed as if awakened from sleep. The startled officer 
 backed out of the room with a murmur of apologies for 
 disturbing a girl so ill. The pretty draperies aroused no 
 suspicions, however, and the flour was saved to furnish 
 food not only for hungry school-girls, but for many a 
 wounded soldier lying sick and suffering in the hospital. 
 On another occasion when the Federal soldiers were in 
 the town the girls hid hams in every desk of the big 
 school-room, not our present chapel, for that was the 
 Presbyterian church, but the present office and the ad- 
 joining hall, then one room even the stove had been du- 
 ly filled, and there was just time for each girl to grab a 
 book when the searching party entered. A studious com- 
 pany they appeared, notwithstanding the fact that many of 
 their books were upside down. A little taken aback that 
 the young ladies should show such indifference to their 
 presence, the soldiers after a casual glance about the 
 room, marched out, one of them remarking that the girls 
 didn't seem much afraid, to which he received the prompt 
 reply from a pert little miss near the door, "What's you 
 to be afraid of?" 
 
 "Yet not always were their little schemes so success- 
 ful, as when some of the girls attempted to roll a barrel 
 of sorghum up the dining-room stairs and the head came 
 out ! They had this consolation, however, if they could 
 not eat that sorghum neither could the Yankees. 
 
 "A favorite plan, when there was something valuable 
 to be saved, was for the principal to show the search offi- 
 cers about; ushering them graciously into rooms and halls, 
 up stairs and down, in and out; she took them through 
 the endless maze of crooks and turns, until the poor men 
 were completely bewildered and went off not a whit wiser 
 for their pains, and at one time leaving a dozen 
 barrels of flour in the hall where they had not been taken. 
 
 [35] 
 
"Among other things there was a scarcity (and I be- 
 lieve there has never been an abundance) of men in the 
 Seminary in fact not a single being of the male persua- 
 tion dwelt within these walls. As a consequence, numerous 
 apparitions, always clothed in male attire, were seen, and 
 many were the mid-night processions of white-robed 
 figures that marched down the dark gallery armed with 
 pokers, tongs, shovels and other offensive and defensive 
 weapons, in search of the dreadful man, who was never 
 found but once. That once marks the epoch in the an- 
 nals of the Seminary. The usual cry of 'A man ! a 
 man !' had been given, and the usual procession of 
 trembling girls, with Miss Baldwin at their head, was ad- 
 vancing down the gallery, when there, crouched against 
 the fence, oh horror of horrors ! was a man. The crisis 
 had come, but our principal, ever equal to an emergency, 
 drew herself up, banishing her poker, and in thrilling 
 tones exclaimed, 'If you don't go away I'll shoot you.' 
 The terrified man made a wild leap for life and was lost to 
 view over the fence. It is needless to say that very little 
 sleep was in store for the frightened girls that night, and 
 the kind old 'Grandmother/ Mrs. McClung, had her 
 hands full to soothe their fears, for, as if there was pro- 
 tection in her gentle presence, they had all gathered into 
 her room, spreading their cots upon the floor. This was 
 their haven of refuge in times of trouble; whenever the 
 Yankees were in town here they fled and here they staid, 
 sometimes as many as thirty in the room, until perchance 
 Jackson would come marching down the valley; then the 
 blue-coats went fast enough. And what good times fol- 
 lowed ! such a singing and playing, practising up for the 
 soiree that was always given to our own soldiers. 
 
 ' 'How those girlish hearts beat at the entrance of 
 the gallant lads in gray, whose tarnished braid and bat- 
 tered buttons seemed far brighter in their eyes than all 
 the gilded glory of the blue. Thus with a never failing 
 fund of cheerfulness, the girls bore their deprivations, en- 
 
 [36] 
 
joying on that account their little diversions two-fold, and 
 the years rolled pleasantly away. 
 
 4 'Friends, as I have said, were very kind and sent 
 contributions of every sort. The dinner table presented 
 a queer appearance, set as it was with odds and ends 
 gathered from everywhere, no two cups and saucers alike, 
 here a kitchen knife and there a silver one, while a state- 
 ly cut-glass goblet was arrayed along side of a heavy 
 china mug; but young appetites are not fastidious, and our 
 girls grew strong and hearty, no matter if butter and 
 gravy never appeared at the same meal, or if their coffee 
 was made from rye and sweetened with sorghum. Some- 
 times their contributions from kind friends proved white 
 elephants. As for instance, one day while Miss Baldwin 
 was busy teaching a history lesson she taught herself 
 in those days, eight hours a day a loud rap came to the 
 door and a voice cried out, "Miss, here's some cakes a 
 lady sent yer," or what sounded like that. A hearty clap 
 greeted this announcement and all rushed out of the door 
 to view the delicacies, when, to their consternation, the 
 little urchin opened a bag and out crawled several large 
 cats. The lady had sent a bag of cats, having heard that 
 the rats were bad in school. As there was no means of 
 providing for an increased household the cats were re- 
 turned with thanks. 
 
 ' 'The furniture of the rooms, like that of the dinner- 
 table, was collected here and there, no two pieces being 
 alike. As a general rule these little makeshifts gave the 
 girls no concern, but in one case there was cause of dis- 
 content. Human nature, and especially school girl nature 
 does not change much. A mirror had by great exertion 
 been procured for every room but one, and the unfortunate 
 inmates of that room were doomed to make their toilets 
 without that very necessary aid. Patience at last ceased 
 to be a virtue, and with almost tearful entreaty they beg- 
 ged Miss Baldwin to try yet once again; they had looked 
 at themselves in the water bowl until they were tired, 
 
 [37] 
 
and they did want a looking-glass. Miss Baldwin set out 
 and returned triumphant, bringing the panel of an old- 
 fashioned clock in which was set a mirror. A friend to 
 whom she told her trouble had unearthed it from the dust 
 and cobwebs of her garret. No plate-glass mirror was 
 ever received with such joyful acclamations. Yet with all 
 their interruptions and inconveniences these young girls 
 steadily trod the path of learning. What cared they if 
 every girl in the arithmetic class did have a different 
 text-book, so long as they had teachers capable of sur- 
 mounting the difficulty ? And what mattered it if their 
 new pieces, the present glory of the music pupil, were 
 leaves torn from an old song-book, so long as they were 
 sung into the admiring ears of our handsome soldier 
 boys ?" 
 
 An incident of "war times " may be related here as it 
 is connected with Miss Baldwin and the Seminary. I do 
 not remember the exact date, but it was probably in 
 1864 at any rate it was "during the war." 
 
 Miss Baldwin had, at the outset of her career, pro- 
 cured from somewhere and by some means I do not 
 know where or how a second-hand piano. But after 
 awhile she needed another, and one was offered to her at 
 the price of $800, I think it was, in currency, that is Con- 
 federate Treasury notes called Confederate money, our 
 only medium of exchange. The instrument was no doubt 
 a very indifferent one, as the price indicates, the currency 
 being at that time greatly depreciated. But compara- 
 tively worthless as the currency was, Miss Baldwin had 
 little of it. She, therefore, called upon me to sell some- 
 thing for her to supply the needed amount. I inquired 
 what she had to sell, and she brought out a box contain- 
 ing her papers and exhibited two coupon bonds of the 
 State of Virginia for $1000 each. I knew that bonds of 
 that description, passing like bank notes from hand to 
 hand, without requiring to be transferred at the Treasury 
 in Richmond, were sought for by blockade runners, and 
 
 [38] 
 
commanded a high premium. I therefore said if she 
 would intrust the bonds to me I could arrange the matter 
 for her, and she handed them to me without question. 
 
 The cashier of a Staunton bank was in the habit 
 of going to Richmond every few weeks, and I requested 
 him to take the bonds with him on his next visit to the 
 city, and exchange them for registered bonds, to be issued 
 in Miss Baldwin's name, on the best terms he could 
 make. In due time he went, and on his return brought 
 with him, instead of the $2000 coupon bonds payable to 
 bearer, $3200 registered bonds payable to Miss Baldwin, 
 and enough currency to boot, added to the sum on hand, 
 to pay for the piano. The latter bonds were worth as 
 much, dollar for dollar, to Miss Baldwin as the former, 
 and by this stroke her wealth was increased by more than 
 $1200. The $2000 thus traded off were just one-half of 
 her inherited estate. 
 
 When the war ended the Principals found themselves 
 in possession of a considerable amount of worthless "Con- 
 federate money " and some articles of second-hand furni- 
 ture and musical instruments they had been able to pur- 
 chase. The friends who had loaned furniture soon re- 
 claimed the various articles which by that time they need- 
 ed on account of the wear and tear in their own dwell- 
 ings. The Seminary was thus again left nearly destitute 
 of furniture. Some necessary articles, however, were 
 procured in Baltimore on credit, and as means came in the 
 building swere fully equipped. 
 
 One effect of the war was to bring the people of the 
 Southern States nearer together and better acquainted 
 with each other. By advertising and otherwise, informa- 
 tion in regard to the Seminary was sent abroad, and many 
 pupils from various Southern States attended during the 
 session of 1865-6. From that time pupils have been at- 
 tracted from Northern and Western as well as Southern 
 States. The fame of this region as being free from 
 malaria and other ailments prevalent elsewhere, has 
 
 F39] 
 
doubtless induce many pupils to come here, and some who 
 have come greatly run down, have returned home so in- 
 vigorated that their parents could scarcely recognize them. 
 The health of the pupils has always been remarkably 
 good. Few cases of serious sickness have occurred, and 
 only three deaths since the Seminary was opened for 
 boarders in 1863. 
 
 From the time Miss Baldwin took charge of the 
 school, meetings of the Trustees were seldom held, except 
 to fill vacancies in the Board caused by death or removal. 
 In November, 1867, the number of Trustees was reduced 
 to seven, and on the 16th of that month, at a meeting 
 held, eight additional members were elected. 
 
 The catalogue for the session of 1868-9 (the first that 
 has been found) shows that the number of assistant 
 teachers was 13, and the number of pupils 137, viz: From 
 Virginia 98, Georgia 14, West Virginia 7, Alabama 6, 
 Florida 2, and one from each of the following states: 
 North Carolina, Louisiana, Tennessee, Mississippi, Illinois 
 and Ohio. 
 
 Among the assistant teachers appear the names of 
 Misses Kate Courtenay, Virginia M. Strickler and Mattie 
 L. Tate, who were long connected with the Seminary. 
 
 Mention has heretofore been made of Miss Eliza 
 Howard as an early assistant teacher. She was after- 
 wards joined by her sister, Miss Anna Howard. These 
 ladies and Miss Courtenay and Miss Charlotte Kemper, 
 who for many years did faithful service, were reared and 
 educated at the University of Virginia, and were accom- 
 plished in every branch of teaching taught in that institu- 
 tion. Miss Kemper is now a missionary in Brazil. 
 
 Miss Strickler entered the Seminary as a teacher 
 when she was quite young, and for a time taught various 
 branches. She, however, became the principal teacher 
 of Latin, and probably is one of the most competent and 
 successful teacher of that language in the whole country. 
 She is still at her post. Her certificate of proficiency is 
 as good as the diploma of any college. 
 
 [40] 
 
Miss Mattie L. Tate was the first head of the Primary 
 Department. She was not only highly approved as a 
 competent teacher, but was warmly loved by all who 
 knew her. Her early death was universally lamented. 
 
 During the spring of 1869-70, the number of pupils 
 was 152, and the list of teachers included for the first 
 time the names of Misses L. G. Dunwoody and Nanny L. 
 Tate. 
 
 Miss Dunwoody 's specialty was history, and she was 
 considered by her pupils "a born teacher. " 
 
 Miss Nanny L. Tate, after the death of her sister, be- 
 came sole head of the Primary Department, and has con- 
 tinued in that position to the present time, being charged 
 with most delicate and important duties. She w as the 
 first full graduate of the Seminary. 
 
 The catalogue of 1870-1, recorded the names of 20 
 teachers, and 176 pupils. The pupils were from the fol- 
 lowing States, viz: Virginia 88, Georgia 28, Alabama 17, 
 Louisiana 6, Tennessee 6, Texas 5, Illinois 4, Florida 4, 
 West Virginia 4, South Carolina 3, District of Columbia 
 2, and one each from North Carolina, Mississippi and 
 England. 
 
 The Trustees were still perplexed in regard to debts, 
 and the want of means to pay them, as well as for making 
 repairs to the buildings. On March 16, 1871, a committee 
 was appointed to confer with Misses McClung and Bald- 
 win in reference to a sale to them of all the rights and 
 interests of the Board in the buildings and grounds of 
 the Seminary; and that failing, to appropriate the annual 
 rent, previously fixed at $250, to the cost of re-roofing 
 the buildings and other repairs. A sale was not affected, 
 and doubtless the Principals expended the rents as indi- 
 cated. 
 
 The late Judge L. P. Thompson having died, Misses 
 McClung and Baldwin purchased from his executors a 
 part of the lot belonging to his estate, adjacent to the 
 church and Seminary grounds, on the north side, and ex- 
 
 [41] 
 
tending from New Street on the west to Market Street on 
 the east. On this strip of land, the Principals erected 
 the large brick house fronting on New Street and the tall 
 frame house near the east end of the lot. The former is 
 known as the " Brick House " and the latter as "Sky- 
 High." This lot and buildings on it were of course the 
 private property of the purchasers. 
 
 As soon as Misses McClung and Baldwin began to ac- 
 quire some property, consisting at first of household 
 furniture and many valuable musical instruments, they 
 entered into an agreement in regard to the division and 
 ownership of the property as between themselves. It 
 was agreed that Miss Baldwin, as the younger, more ac- 
 tive and more responsible of the two, should have two- 
 thirds and Miss McClung one-third of all profits and 
 property acquired by them jointly. This was regarded 
 by Miss McClung and her immediate friends as just and 
 proper. 
 
 The Presbyterian congregation having become too 
 large for the old house of worship determined to build a 
 new and larger church on the lot on the south side of 
 Frederick street and fronting the Seminary, which had 
 been purchased and donated for the purpose by Misses 
 McClung and Baldwin. The work was begun in July, 
 1870, and in December, 1871, the congregation began to 
 worship in the basement of the new building. 
 
 It was generally understood by common consent, that 
 the old church building was to be turned over to the Semi- 
 nary and remodled for its use. Without waiting for any 
 formal action of the congregation, whose Trustees held 
 the legal title to the old church ground and buildings, in- 
 cluding the Seminary buildings, the Principals, encouraged 
 by several members of the Board of Trustees, immediate- 
 ly set to work to prepare the house for school purposes. 
 The roof was taken off and the walls were raised so as to 
 provide a third story and chapel and general school room; 
 the second story was divided into dormitories; and the first 
 
 [42] 
 
floor converted into a dining room, kitchen, &c. These 
 changes involved the expenditure of a large sum of 
 money, paid by the Principals. It had been contemplated 
 and promised that the Trustees of the Seminary, after ob- 
 taining title from the Trustees of the church, should exe- 
 cute a deed of trust on the property to secure the Princi- 
 pals the amount of their outlay. This plan was unsatis- 
 factory to the Secretary of the Board of Trustees. While 
 he knew that neither of the Principals would ever pur- 
 posely permit the alienation of the property and its di- 
 version from Seminary purposes, that result might fol- 
 low if they departed this life without leaving wills, the 
 Trustees having no means of redeeming the property. 
 Miss McClung was profoundly indifferent to the whole 
 matter, and the Secretary suggested to Miss Baldwin to 
 take a long lease of the property, free of rent, instead of 
 a trust deed. She readily agreed to this proposition, be- 
 ing willing for any arrangement having a show of fair 
 dealing with her and her associate. 
 
 Thereupon a meeting of the congregation having 
 authorized their Trustees to convey the old church proper- 
 ty to the Trustees of the Seminary, and the necessary 
 judicial authority for the transfer having been obtained, 
 on Wednesday, February 26, 1873, the Secretary of the 
 Board presented to a meeting of the Trustees held that 
 day, a deed executed by the Trustees of the church, dated 
 November 1, 1872, conveying to the Trustees of the Semi- 
 nary the real estate on the north side of Frederick street 
 and between New and Market streets, pursuant to the de- 
 cree of the Circuit Court for Augusta County at June 
 term, 1872. The deed was accepted and ordered to be re- 
 corded in the Clerk's office of the Hustings Court of 
 Staunton. It provided that a majority of the Trustees 
 should always be members of the church making the deed. 
 The consideration was nominal. No money was paid, and 
 the Trustees as such had no money to expend for any pur- 
 pose. For the first time, however, they became the 
 
 [43] 
 
legal owners of real estate, and indeed of any property. 
 
 At the same meeting, the Secretary presented the 
 draftjof a deed of lease of the real estate belonging to 
 the Seminary, to Misses McClung and Baldwin for the 
 term of twenty years, beginning August 1, 1871, in con- 
 sideration of costly improvements made by them. This 
 deed was approved and ordered to be delivered to the 
 grantees for recordation. It contained various stipulations 
 in regard to loss by fire, &c. , which need not be copied 
 here. 
 
 But the record of proceedings says further: "It is 
 understood by the Board that said deed makes no pro- 
 vision for the payment of certain debts due from the 
 Seminary to Wm. M. Tate, Davis A. Kayser, Jos. A. 
 Waddell and John Trimble for money advanced by them 
 ($500 each) in 1860, for the building of the Seminary, it 
 being understood that said debts have been, and are to 
 be, cancelled and given up by the parties to whom they 
 are due." 
 
 As stated heretofore, the Rev. Wm. Browne was one 
 of the six members of the Board who paid $500 each, in 
 1860; but in consideration of his circumstances, Misses 
 McClung and Baldwin refunded to him the greater part 
 of his claim. 
 
 John D. Imboden, another of the six, had borrowed 
 the money from Mr. William Guthrie with which to pay 
 his quota, and executed his bond to Mr. Guthrie for 
 the amount, with Wm. M. Tate as security. Gen. Im- 
 boden had become insolvent when the final arrangement 
 was made, and his obligation to Mr. Guthrie was still un- 
 paid and binding on Maj. Tate. It was, however, thought 
 unreasonable that Maj. Tate should not only pay his $500 
 (which he did) but also Gen. Imboden 's quota. The 
 matter having been represented to Mr. Guthrie, he gener- 
 ously abated a considerable part of his demand, and 
 Misses McClung and Baldwin paid the remainder. 
 
 [44] 
 
Mr. Trimble gave his $500 bond to the Presbyterian 
 church, but, as far as I know, it was never paid. 
 
 The Trustees felt relieved of responsibility by their 
 lease of the Seminary to the Principals, thus ridding 
 themselves, or the institution, of debt, and as long as 
 Miss Baldwin survived, they had little to do, except as 
 stated, to meet occasionally to fill vacancies in the Board. 
 The members present at the meeting on February 26, 
 1873, were: John Wayt, President, Jos. A. Waddell, Secre- 
 tary, Rev. Patterson Fletcher, Rev. W. E. Baker, Wm. M. 
 Tate, Wm. Frazier, (who had been re-elected after his re- 
 turn to Staunton) , Davis A. Kayser, John K. Woods, and 
 Wm. J. Nelson. Gen. Robert D. Lilly was elected a 
 member to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. 
 Alexander H. Taylor. 
 
 It will be noticed that there was no Treasurer, the 
 Trustees having no funds, and not expecting any. 
 
 In the catalogue of 1873-4, the name of Miss Ella C. 
 Weimar appeared for the first time as a teacher. The 
 number of pupils that year was 216. 
 
 During the spring of 1874-5, Mr. F. W. Hamer, who 
 previously had taught German, became the principal 
 teacher of instrumental music, and has continued in that 
 position to the present time, having sustained himself as 
 an accomplished musician and faithful teacher. The 
 number of pupils was 204. After this, for a number of 
 years, the names of pupils were arranged in classes, or 
 schools, every name being repeated several times, so that 
 the total number at each session cannot be ascertained 
 without more trouble than the compiler thought it neces- 
 sary to take. The number varied somewhat, but the 
 patronage of the school continued liberal, and some years 
 applications for board and tuition were declined for want 
 of room. 
 
 Misses McClung and Baldwin, finding themselves in 
 possession of necessary means, purchased the remainder, 
 and much the larger part of the Thompson lot. The 
 
 [45] 
 
stately old dwelling house on the lot, now called ' 'Hill 
 Top," was fitted up for the use of the Seminary, and af- 
 forded eight or ten additional dormitories. 
 
 They afterwards acquired a house and lot on the east 
 side of Market street, between Frederick and Beverley 
 streets, which afterwards fell to the lot of Miss McClung. 
 
 Nothing of special interest in connection with the 
 Seminary occurred for several years, but in 1880, a calam- 
 ity fell upon the institution. 
 
 On the 10th of August, 1880, Miss Agnes R. McClung 
 departed this life, after a short illness, to the great grief 
 of all her acquaintances. Her death was to Miss Bald- 
 win, as she declared, the greatest affliction of her life, 
 and her loss to the Seminary was irreparable. To Miss Bald- 
 win she had been a sympathetic and safe counsellor, and 
 so unerring was her judgment that Miss Baldwin asserted 
 that she had never failed to follow her advice that she 
 did not regret it. The boarding pupils with whom, chief- 
 ly, Miss Agnes had to do, were won by her kindness and 
 unselfish efforts to promote their welfare and happiness. 
 Yet she was a rigid diciplinarian, encouraging no insubor- 
 dination or deception. Her influence in the Seminary was 
 most beneficent. 
 
 Miss Agnes, as she was generally called, left by will, 
 to Miss Baldwin, all her interest in the personal property 
 acquired by them jointly, consisting of the entire equip- 
 ment of the Seminary. Her interest in the first part of 
 the Thompson lot she devised to Miss Baldwin for life, 
 with remainder to the Trustees of the Seminary. 
 
 Miss Susan H. Heiskell, a lady of refined manners, 
 Miss Baldwin's aunt, to some extent filled the vacancy 
 caused by Miss McClung's death; and finally, Mrs. Ella 
 Hamilton, after occupying several minor positions, became 
 matron and discharged the duties of the office creditably 
 to herself and usefully to the inmates of the Seminary. 
 Mrs. Hamilton's worthy successor is Miss Shawen, the 
 present matron. 
 
 [46] 
 
In accordance with the terms of the lease, Miss Bald- 
 win became, at the death of Miss McClung, sole lessee 
 and principal. 
 
 To people generally, Miss Baldwin appeared perfect- 
 ly self-reliant, but she often sought the advice of a few 
 confidential friends. Her feelings were very sensitive; to 
 dismiss a teacher who had proved inefficient, although a 
 worthy person, caused her much distress; and the mis- 
 conduct of an insubordinate pupil who had to be returned 
 home, was an acute affliction to her. However, she 
 sometimes received ungracious treatment from persons 
 who had been recipients of her kindness. On one oc- 
 casion I found her greatly distressed, another affliction 
 had occurred I do not remember what she said, 
 "People think me very strong and stern they little know 
 how I suffer," and the tears flowed down her cheeks. 
 Touched with sympathy for her, I urged her to retire from 
 her position, but she said, ' 'No, too many persons are 
 benefited by my continuing here and I must remain. " 
 After this interview she went forth apparently strong and 
 brave to bear her burdens. 
 
 She did not waste her income or resources, but she 
 did not seek to hoard for her own gratification. Her am- 
 bition was to endow and perpetuate the Seminary. At 
 the same time, however, she was liberal to a fault in her 
 contributions to religious and benevolent causes and to 
 many individuals. She furnished board and tuition to 
 many worthy pupils free of charge. 
 
 Meetings of the Trustees were held in 1881, 1885, 1887 
 and 1889 only to fill vacancies in the Board. 
 
 Finding the need of an Assistant Principal, Miss 
 Baldwin, in 1889, obtained the services of Miss Ella 
 Weimar, who continued to perform the duties of the 
 office most efficiently during the remainder of Miss Bald- 
 win's life. Soon afterwards she employed Mr. W. W. 
 King as secretary and general assistant, who proved effi- 
 
 ' [47] 
 
cient and useful in a high decree. He also continued in 
 his office till Miss Baldwin's death. 
 
 The twenty year's lease to Misses McClung and Bald- 
 win expired August 1, 1891, but Miss Baldwin continued 
 to occupy the premises and conduct the school as previous- 
 ly. No change was thought of. 
 
 Miss Sarah E. Wright, daughter of a missionary and 
 born in Persia, was for eleven years the accomplished and 
 enthusiastic teacher of English Literature. In her hands 
 the course was greatly extended, and became as extensive 
 and thorough as in most of the colleges in the country. 
 To train her pupils in English composition, she issued a 
 magazine annually, composed of contributions by her 
 class. This Annual for May 1893, contains an article by 
 Misses Ethel Gibbs and Sadie Anderson, which gives some 
 hints as to the internal affairs of the Seminary. The 
 mention in it of various teachers and pupils, and even 
 of apartments, is somewhat interesting, and I make the 
 following extracts from it. It is styled 
 
 ' 'Reminiscences' ' 
 
 "Miss Nannie L. Tate now occupies the lower floor of 
 'New House, ' and the partitions of the first three rooms 
 having been removed she has a much larger and lighter 
 room. The Calisthenic Hall is now given up to 'mail calP 
 and dancing with the exception of a few classes in the 
 morning. Elocution and Calisthenics are taught in the 
 new Gymnasium, which has been added to the upper side 
 of 'New House. ' The addition is carried up to the third 
 story, in this way making the studio much larger and add- 
 ing four new rooms to 'Sky High. ' This aerie is now 
 well protected by three teachers instead of one. Miss 
 Wright still has her same room in the south-east end. 
 Miss Fairchild (teacher of drawing and painting) occupies 
 the eastern corner of the new part, and Miss Metz 
 (teacher of Modern Languages) the room west. Miss 
 Weimar has Miss Fairchild 's old room in the lower story, 
 
 [48] 
 
Miss W's room being given up to girls only to good ones, 
 however, as the street is so temptingly near. 
 
 "In '91 Mile. Jacot went to Norfolk. Her place was 
 supplied during the spring of '91 and '92 by Madame 
 Garvier, whose memory is still dear both as a thorough 
 teacher and a kind friend. She added to her French 
 work lectures on physiology which were interesting as 
 well as instructive. Unfortunately, on her return from 
 Europe last September, she was quarantined on board the 
 Normania, and after so long a delay in the midst of 
 cholera did not return to the Seminary for fear of bring- 
 ing to us the dreaded disease. At the French table now 
 presides Mile. Metz, who has successfully carried on the 
 classes, and thanks to Madam's thorough beginning last 
 year she has been able to keep up the compositions a 
 new task to the French girls. * * * * 
 
 "Miss Douglas has been succeeded by Mrs. Darrow, 
 a former graduate of the Seminary, both in music and in 
 the literary department, a daughter of Mrs. Crawford, 
 who is so tenderly remembered by many of the old 
 girls. ***** 
 
 "When Mr. Lane died in Brazil in March of '92, (how 
 well we remember his pleasant talks !) Miss Baldwin in- 
 vited Mrs. Lane to make her home with us, and she, with 
 her two daughters, occupy Miss Douglas' room in Birch 
 House. When we look back on the past years we wonder 
 how things went on without Mrs. Lane, who is now at 
 every turn with an encouraging word for the downcast 
 and a tender and sympathetic one for the sick and 
 sorrowful. * * * * 
 
 "Alas ! how many of those we have known and loved 
 have gone to the upper home. There is Mary Woods who 
 was with us in school but a few months, left us before 
 Christmas and died in February; Dr. McFarland (pastor 
 of the Presbyterian church), whom we have learned to 
 love as a personal friend. 
 
 "Miss Mattoon, whom we all remember so pleasantly, 
 
 [49] 
 
left us in '88, and with her usual enthusiasm over all good 
 works, she is now much interested in missions. On ac- 
 count of ill health she cannot offer herself to go to foreign 
 lands, but she is doing what she can at home. 
 
 "Miss Haughwout was here from '88 until '92, and no 
 heart but felt a pang of regret at her departure. None 
 but pleasant memories are connected with her, and her 
 beautiful soirees came before us as oases in the desert of 
 Seminary life; and though we go, it will be good to know 
 that she is back again in her old place, for here she is to 
 return next September. Elocution has this year been 
 taught by Miss Roberts, whom 'to know is to love' and to 
 whom the Seminary is not new, as she was here some 
 years ago. 
 
 ' 'Miss Riddle is back again after a year of rest. Past 
 times live to us in the inspiration and delight of her 
 teaching. Miss Firor, who took her place, is, we hear, 
 living with her sister in Catlettsburg. 
 
 "It is to Miss Williamson that we now call when we 
 are in trouble on Chapel Hall (for Miss Riddle has moved 
 to Little Chapel Hall) and it is Miss Williamson who sup- 
 presses undue excitement there, who takes us to our 
 dressmakers and is our stand-by and our friend on all oc- 
 casions. 
 
 ' 'Mr. Thompson', (the night watchman) whose side 
 blanket was so gracefully scolloped for the sakes of the 
 girls' 'memories,' no longer escorts timid maidens to 
 'Hill Top' with his 'Yes Miss' and 'To be sure, Miss,' but 
 the Seminary now-a-days is guarded from all intruders by 
 Mr. Lickliter, whose dignity is so imposing that we pass 
 him by in silent awe. 
 
 ' 'Many have come and gone in six years, and many 
 faces are lost in the maze, but some, by their prominence 
 while here, still retain prominence in the memory. As 
 faithful workers at the Library table we remember Vir- 
 ginia Lucas and Sue Stribling, whose work was always 
 remarked, for they carried off all the honors. Some 
 
 [50] 
 
names are still mentioned in the class for the excellence 
 of the work they did, and the new girls are likely to think 
 * there were giants in those days' as they hear of Jacqui- 
 len Epes and Edna Baer, of Elizabeth McMillan and 
 Fannie Ogier. Roselle Mercier's wit is missed, but we 
 hear of it as charming others. Lucille Foster no longer 
 graces our stage with her beautiful recitations, nor does 
 Fannie Colbert's familiar voice resound through the 
 Chapel. But 'Aunt Sarah' is still on the back gallery and 
 willing to tell you that 'Maybe Miss Baldwin's in the 
 office, or if she aint there she's in her room, or maybe 
 she's gone down street.' 'Uncle Ches.,' too feeble to 
 look after 'Miss Mary's things,' any more, is living with 
 his daughter in Staunton. 
 
 "Six years is a long Seminary life. Does life always 
 get dearer as it grows older ? Can any one give it up 
 without casting one longing, lingering look behind ? Like 
 every other girl who comes in September, we were sure 
 by November that nothing would tempt us to return. 
 Yet six returning Septembers has found us more glad to 
 come back to the sheltering home and kind friends we 
 have made here. * * * * 
 
 "We leave dear faces and warm friends. 'Who will 
 ever give us more pleasant cheers than Mr. King, or 
 nicer counsel than Mr. Murray ? Who will ever set us 
 such an example of beautiful self-sacrifice as Mrs. 
 Williamson, of unflinching devotion to duty as Miss 
 Weimar, of persistent work as all our teachers, of triumph 
 over difficulties as our dear Principal ? Where will the 
 hills be bluer, the grass be greener, the songs of the 
 birds be sweeter, or the fall of water more musical than 
 just here at the Seminary ?" 
 
 The well known Rev. Dr. W. T. Richardson occupied 
 the chairs of Mental and Moral Science and acted as 
 chaplain during several years. His gentle wife, Mrs. 
 Sarah Richardson, taught History at the same time. She 
 died at the Seminary. 
 
 [51] 
 
Dr. Richardson was succeeded after an interval by 
 Mr. John Murray. 
 
 Mrs. Ann Magill, an accomplished lady, and her 
 cultured daughter, Miss Mary Tucker Magill, widely 
 known as an author, were for some time connected with 
 the Seminary. The former filled various positions with 
 great acceptance, and the latter taught Elocution. 
 
 I must not omit to mention that soon after Miss Bald- 
 win took charge of the school, Mrs. Anna Brown Fultz, 
 an eminent musician, taught vocal music with marked 
 success. One of her pupils and successors in that line, 
 Mrs. Mary Crawford Darrow, was equally esteemed as a 
 vocalist. 
 
 Misses Sallie Holliday, Mary L. Mattoon and Martha 
 D. Riddle did not enter the Seminary as teachers and did 
 not come at the same time; but being alike in their general 
 characters, I class them together. All of them were and 
 are (for they are still living, and long may they live !) 
 highly competent and most conscientious teachers, and 
 their influence in the Seminary has been marked and 
 benign. 
 
 Miss Holliday taught History, and after leaving the 
 Seminary was principal of a school in Missouri. 
 
 Miss Mattoon, daughter of a missionary and born in 
 Siam, during her first connection with the school, taught 
 Elocution and Physical Culture. After an absence of 
 some years, she is now teacher of Mental and Moral 
 Science and Bible History. 
 
 Miss Riddle has long been the teacher of History. 
 Her younger sister, Miss Jennie D. Riddle is a highly es- 
 teemed teacher of English and Mathematics. 
 
 Among the teachers at the Seminary for longer or 
 shorter periods were the following, all full graduates : 
 Nannie T. Link, Mary Lou Bledsoe, Emma L. Wills and 
 Kate St. Clair May. 
 
 At a meeting of the Trustees held April 13, 1895, the 
 
 [52] 
 
following preamble and resolutions were offered by Jos. 
 A. Waddell and unamimously adopted : 
 
 "Whereas, Miss Mary J. Baldwin has long efficiently 
 and successfully presided as Principal of the Seminary, 
 and the Trustees desiring to testify their appreciation of 
 her services by permanently connecting her name with 
 the institution, thus making it a memorial of her : 
 
 "Resolved, that the Legislature of Virginia be asked 
 to amend the act passed January 30, 1845, by which the 
 Trustees were incorporated, so as to change the name 
 from Augusta Female Seminary to MARY BALDWIN SEMI- 
 NARY. 
 
 * 'Resolved further, that the Legislature be also asked 
 to amend said act so as to allow the Seminary or the 
 Trustees thereof for its use, to hold property, real and 
 personal, not exceeding two hundred thousand dollars in 
 amount or value. " 
 
 The act was duly passed, December 14, 1895, and in 
 addition to the foregoing provided that the Trustees 
 might, upon the recommendation of the Principal, confer 
 degrees or honorary titles on former or future full gradu- 
 ates of the Seminary, who might be thought worthy. 
 
 Pursuant to the last mentioned provision of the 
 amended act, on May 18, 1897, the degree of A. M. was 
 conferred on the following graduates : Miss S. S. Cum- 
 mins of Montana, Miss Carlotta Kable of Virginia, Miss 
 Nettie L. Du Bose of China, Miss Edna J. Gilkeson of 
 Virginia. 
 
 Nothing of interest in connection with the Seminary, 
 that need be mentioned here, occurred for several years. 
 Miss Baldwin had, however, acquired more valuable real 
 estate. She had purchased eight or ten acres of land 
 within a mile of the Seminary, and improved them for a 
 large garden and pasture lots; and on a lot at the corner of 
 Frederick and New streets she erected four handsome 
 residences. She also purchased the house and lot at the 
 
 [53] 
 
northeast corner of New and Prospect streets, Staunton. 
 
 During the summer of 1890, she with several teachers 
 and pupils, made a voyage to Europe, and visited England, 
 Scotland and parts of the continent. She returned home 
 greatly refreshed, declaring that ten years had been added 
 to her life. But, alas ! it was not long till persons near 
 her discovered that her health was impaired. There was 
 no discernable disease, but a general decline; and early in 
 the year 1897, her end was obviously near at hand. 
 During the morning of July 1, 1897, she died in her 
 chamber. This result had been long expected, and caused 
 no surprise, although the lamentation was deep and wide- 
 spread. 
 
 The estimate of Miss Baldwin by the Trustees is set 
 forth in the following Memorial prepared by Judge Grat- 
 tan, and adopted at the first meeting of the Board after 
 her death : 
 
 "After nearly half a century of earnest, faithful and 
 successful labor, Mary Julia Baldwin passed to her rest 
 at 8 A. M. July 1, 1897, in the 68th year of her age. 
 
 The time of her departure was appropriate. The 
 fields around her native city were yellow with the golden 
 harvest, the orchards of her loved Valley laden with 
 ripening fruit. The flowers in every yard and garden ex- 
 haled incense. A fitting time for this faithful life to end, 
 for this mortal to put on immortality, for this tired reaper 
 to lay down her well-used sickle and take up her golden 
 harp. 
 
 "She was the daughter of Dr. William D. Baldwin 
 and Margaret L. Sowers. Left an orphan in her seventh 
 year she was reared by her maternal grandparents, John 
 C. Sowers and his wife, and while she was the recipient 
 of all the care and love that could be bestowed upon her 
 by these good people, she must have sadly missed a 
 mother's tenderness and pined for a mother's love. May 
 we not see the hand of a wise Providence in this, which 
 fitted her so well to fill the place of mother and guide and 
 
 [54] 
 
friend to the lonely girls who left their happy homes to 
 come to her ? She knew the sorrows of their hearts and 
 how to win them to love and truth. Is there one of 
 them in this fair land upon whose ear this mournful news 
 shall fall, who will not feel a mother's loss in her ? Un- 
 married and childless she passed away, and yet in all the 
 borders of this Southland her daughters will rise up and 
 call her blessed. 
 
 "She was educated at the Augusta Female Seminary, 
 then in charge of the Rev. Rufus W. Bailey, and her 
 whole life was spent in the city of her birth. Modest and 
 retiring, it was with difficulty she was induced to under- 
 take, in conjunction with Miss Agnes McClung, the con- 
 duct of the Seminary in 1863; but having entered upon 
 her duties all doubts vanished and these two, comple- 
 ments of each other, moved on from adventure to success. 
 Since 1880 she had the sole conduct of the school, now 
 in honor of her named, by act of the Legislature, Mary 
 Baldwin Seminary. 
 
 "It is difficult to analyze the character of one so well 
 rounded. She was modest without timidity, tender 
 without effusion, firm without severity, kind but true, her 
 justice was nice and discriminating and so tempered with 
 mercy as to lose its sting. Her judgment was clear, her 
 convictions strong, her faith firm, her will determined. 
 She never strayed from the paths of duty to walk in ways 
 of pleasure, but flowers sprang under her feet and bless- 
 ings attended her progress. Her great generosity was 
 without ostentation, guided by wisdom, and neither 
 bounded by sect nor continent. She loved her friends 
 without dissimulation and never had an enemy. She was 
 oftentimes bold to audacity in the conduct of her school, 
 but the secret spring of her conduct was an unfaltering 
 faith in her heavenly Father and the efficacy of fervent 
 prayer. An atmosphere of purity and holiness seemed to 
 surround her, which repelled the coarser things of the 
 
 [55] 
 
world, while it mellowed and fathomed the higher and 
 more refined. 
 
 ''Her place in the hearts of this people will never be 
 
 filled. 
 
 "She scattered bounty o'er a naked land 
 
 And read her history in its grateful eyes, 
 "Servant of God, well done." 
 
 At the time of Miss Baldwin's death, the Board of 
 Trustees consisted of the following members : 
 
 1. Rev. George G. W. Finley, D. D., President. 
 
 2. Jos. A. Waddell, Secretary. 
 
 3. Davis A. Kayser. 
 
 4. John Echols. 
 
 5. James H. Blackley. 
 
 6. Newton Wayt. 
 
 7. H. St G. Tucker. 
 
 8. Charles Grattan. 
 
 9. Gilbert G. Child. 
 
 10. Wm. A. Burke. 
 
 11. James N. McFarland. 
 
 12. Arista Hoge. 
 
 13. Henry D. Peck. 
 
 14. Henry A. Walker. 
 
 15. Rev. A. M. Fraser, D. D. 
 
 The first meeting of the Trustees after Miss Baldwin's 
 death was held July 3, 1897, fourteen members of the 
 Board being present. 
 
 Besides the adoption of the memorial heretofore 
 mentioned, resolutions were adopted, setting forth that 
 Miss Baldwin having constituted the Trustees by her last 
 will and testament, her devisees and residuary legatees, 
 with certain conditions, the provisions of the will with 
 the conditions, be accepted; that Miss Baldwin having at 
 the close of the previous session, made all necessary 
 arrangements for carrying on the school during the fol- 
 lowing session employing teachers and other assistants 
 
 [56] 
 
all contracts made by her to that end, be ratified and con- 
 firmed as far as necessary for the Board to do so, the 
 affairs of the Seminary being nominally conducted during 
 the session by Miss Baldwin's executors, to carry out her 
 contracts; and that an Executive Committee of five 
 members be appointed to act in conjunction with the 
 executors in the conduct of the school. 
 
 Miss Weimar was appointed Principal pro tern, and 
 Mr. W. W. King, Business Manager. 
 
 The Executive Committee appointed, consisted of the 
 Rev. Dr. Finley, ex officio, Rev. Dr. Eraser, Judge Charles 
 Grattan, Mr. Henry D. Peck, and Mr. Henry A. Walker. 
 
 The Board met again on Tuesday, August 10, 1897, 
 and resolved that during the ensuing session, Miss Wei- 
 mar, the acting Principal, be authorized to employ teachers 
 in cases of vacancy, to fix their compensations, and 
 generally to discharge all the duties pertaining to the 
 office of Principal, referring to the Executive Committee 
 in such cases as she might desire its advice; and that Mr. 
 King, acting Business Manager, be authorized to hire 
 servants and other employees, and to take care of the 
 grounds and other property of the Seminary. 
 
 The acting Principal and Business Manager were re- 
 quired to make monthly reports to the Committee of the 
 work accomplished by the teachers, the progress, &c., of 
 the pupils, with suggestions in regard to the health, com- 
 fort and efficiency of teachers and pupils, and statements 
 of all money received and paid out. 
 
 By her last will and testament, Miss Baldwin left an 
 aggregate of $21,000 to religious objects and causes; 
 liberal bequests to relatives and many personal friends, 
 and the remainder of her personal estate to the Seminary. 
 The furniture and all the equipment of the Seminary, 
 were immediately turned over by the executors to the 
 Trustees, and put by them in charge of Miss Weimar and 
 Mr. King. There was no inventory and appraisement of 
 this class of property, and its exact value cannot there- 
 
 [57] 
 
fore be stated. It was, however, worth a large sum, par- 
 ticularly as it embraced many costly musical instruments. 
 Up to and including July 27, 1904, the executors have 
 turned over to the Treasurer of the Seminary money and 
 investments amounting to $31,522.52. Some of the in- 
 vestments made by Miss Baldwin, cannot be fully realized, 
 and little remains to be secured from this source. A con- 
 siderable part of the money paid to the Treasurer was 
 soon expended in the erection of a large and costly build- 
 ing, as will hereafter appear, thus reducing the amount 
 in the hands of the Treasurer. 
 
 The real estate devised to the Trustees consisted of 
 the Thompson lot, four dwelling houses and lots on 
 Frederick and Market streets, the house and lot on the 
 northeast corner of New and Prospect streets, and the 
 garden and pasture lots near town. 
 
 The total value of the bequests to the Seminary was 
 hardly less than $100,000.00. 
 
 Mr. Murray was ill at the time of Miss Baldwin's 
 death, and died greatly lamented soon afterwards, not 
 having known of her departure during his life. He was 
 eminently a good man, and a scholar of superior attain- 
 ments, being a Master of Arts of the University of Vir- 
 ginia. In addition to his duties as a teacher, he acted as 
 chaplain to the Seminary for some years, and was general- 
 ly burdened with solicitude in regard to the religious 
 welfare of the pupils. 
 
 At the meeting of the Trustees held January 25, 
 1898, the Chairman of the Executive Committee made an 
 oral report in regard to the present management and con- 
 dition of the Seminary, and spoke in terms of high 
 praise of the administration of Miss Weimar and Mr. 
 King. 
 
 The Committee also reported a series of By-laws, 
 which, after discussion and amendment, were adopted. 
 They provide for meetings of the Board at stated times, 
 the election of a Principal and a Business Manager 
 
 [58] 
 
annually at the January meeting, to hold office for one 
 year from the 1st of July ensuing, the salaries to be fixed 
 by the Board; the election of an Executive Committeee 
 annually at the May meeting of the Board, to meet once 
 a month, for the election of a Treasurer; the Executive 
 Committee to audit monthly the accounts of the Business 
 Manager, and of the Treasurer once a year; the Principal 
 to have the selection of teachers, the physician and the 
 intendant of the infirmary, and in cooperation with the 
 Business Manager to fix their salaries or compensation, 
 subject to the approval of the Executive Committee, and 
 to have general control of the school, making monthly re- 
 ports to the Committee of all matters pertaining to this 
 department; the Business Manager to select and engage 
 all employees not otherwise mentioned and fix their com- 
 pensation, to collect and disburse the running expenses 
 of the school, to purchase supplies and to have general 
 care of all real estate and furniture belonging to the 
 Seminary; to make contracts for repairs and improve- 
 ments, subject to the approval of the Executive Com- 
 mittee, making monthly reports to the Committee of all 
 matters pertaining to his department. 
 
 The 14th By-law provided that all income from any 
 source whatever over and above the running expenses of 
 the school shall be expended in permanent improvements 
 of the property, or the gratuitous education of worthy 
 young ladies. 
 
 The Board then proceeded to the election of a Princi- 
 pal and a Business Manager for the year to begin July 1, 
 1898. 
 
 Miss Ella C. Weimar was nominated for the office of 
 Principal, and the roll being called was unanimously elect- 
 ed. 
 
 Mr. W. W. King was nominated for the office of 
 Business Manager, and in like manner was unanimously 
 elected. 
 
 Mr. Henry A. Walker was elected Treasurer. 
 
 [59] 
 
At the meeting of the Trustees, May 24, 1898, it was 
 reported that the number of boarding pupils for the first 
 half of the session of 1897-8, was 92, and of day pupils 90, 
 total 182; for the second half of the session, boarding 94, 
 day pupils 90, total 184. 
 
 The Business Manager reported that the receipts for 
 the year, to May 1, 1898, were $33,398.40, and the dis- 
 bursements $25,715.14, leaving in hand at said date 
 $7,783.26. 
 
 Mr. Walker having been elected Treasurer, declined a 
 re-appointment on the Executive Committee, and Mr. Jos. 
 A. Wad dell was appointed in his place. 
 
 The prosperity of the school during the first session 
 after the death of Miss Baldwin, was highly encouraging 
 to all connected with it. 
 
 During the vacation of 1898, many improvements and 
 repairs were made. 
 
 [60] 
 
Hbmtntetratton of flRiss 
 
 OUR meetings of the Board of Trustees were held 
 during the session of 1898-9. 
 
 The report of the Executive Committee to 
 the meeting of January 10, 1899, congratulated 
 the Board upon the condition of the Seminary 
 and the encouraging progress made under the 
 judicious and faithful administration of the 
 Principal and Business Manager. 
 
 The number of pupils at the date of the report was, 
 boarders 105, day pupils 95, total 200. 
 
 The Executive Committee was directed to inquire in 
 reference to increased class-room accommodations, and to 
 use all surplus income in that direction for any or all pur- 
 poses mentioned in By-law fourteen. 
 
 Miss Weimar was re-elected Principal and Mr. King 
 Business Manager. 
 
 The report of the Treasurer showed that he had in 
 hand, January 1, 1899, the sum of $15,151.50, received 
 from the executors of Miss Baldwin and a small amount 
 of interest on investments. 
 
 The plan of a new building to provide many addition- 
 al dormitories, having been informally considered for 
 some time previous, at a meeting of the Trustees held 
 April 13, 1899, it was resolved that a building to conform 
 to a plan submitted by an architect be erected as soon as 
 possible. It was prescribed that the building contain 
 sixteen sleeping rooms, with additional trunk rooms and 
 lavatories, the walls to be faced with buff brick, and 
 the whole to be of the best materials. A building com- 
 mittee was appointed, consisting of James H. Blackley, 
 James N. McFarland, Arista Hoge and W. W. King, to 
 
 [61] 
 
select the site, to let the contract, superintend the work 
 and to draw on the Treasurer for necessary funds from 
 time to time. The site of the building agreed upon was 
 on a line with Hill Top, with that house on the east and 
 New street on the west. 
 
 The report of the Executive Committee, May 26, 
 1899, stated that too much praise could hardly be given 
 to the Principal and Business Manager for the diligence, 
 fidelity, tact and skill with which they had conducted 
 their respective departments and discharged the delicate 
 and difficult duties assigned to them. 
 
 The number of pupils enrolled during the session 
 about to close was 215, boarders 118 and day pupils 97. 
 
 The report of the Principal stated that the conduct of 
 the pupils had been commendable, and patrons generally 
 had expressed satisfaction at the progress of their 
 daughters and wards and gratification at the accounts of 
 the school given by them. 
 
 The report of the Business Manager stated that he had 
 in hand, May 1, 1899, a balance of $9,495.24, out of which, 
 however, a considerable amount of expenses was pay- 
 able at the close of the current session. 
 
 At a called meeting of the Trustees, June 9, 1899, the 
 Executive Committee reported the estimated cost of the 
 proposed new building was about $11,000, and the Com- 
 mittee was instructed to proceed with the work without 
 delay. 
 
 The building was finally completed, but at a total cost 
 of about $12,800, which was defrayed by surplus funds 
 accumulated in the hands of the Business Manager and 
 contributions by the Treasurer. 
 
 The Executive Committee reported to the Board, 
 October 1, 1899, that the number of pupils enrolled was 
 200, of whom 107 were boarders. Two of the latter had 
 withdrawn, one 19 and the other 27 years of age. Both 
 were well- grown; and having had poor advantages of edu- 
 
 [62] 
 
cation they could not endure the mortification of being 
 classed with very young and small girls. 
 
 The Principal reported that there was an increasing 
 demand for single beds and only two pupils in a chamber; 
 and recommended the re-modeling of the building called 
 "Sky High," so as to provide additional dormitories. 
 
 The recommendation was approved, and the work was 
 speedily accomplished. 
 
 The amount expended since the close of the preced- 
 ing session, in repairs and purchase of new furniture, was 
 $2,839.08. "These repairs, &c.," said the Committee, 
 "have added largely to the attractiveness of the Semi- 
 nary." 
 
 The next meeting of the Board was held January 16, 
 1900, thirteen members being present. 
 
 The total enrollment of pupils for the first half of 
 the session was 212. 
 
 The application and conduct of the pupils were com- 
 mended by the Executive Committee. 
 
 The health of the pupils has been exceptionally good. 
 
 The buildings were more comfortable than ever be- 
 fore. The heating apparatus acted excellently. 
 
 "The buildings, " said the Committee, "are in as good 
 condition as their structure and age will possibly permit 
 newly painted, papered and kept perfectly clean. The 
 improvements in the chapel heretofore reported have 
 fully answered their purpose; and those in the dining- 
 room have added materially to the comfort of all concern- 
 ed." "The fare," continued the Committee, "is better 
 than ever before, and under the skilful and generous 
 management of Mr. King and Mrs. Chase, the table is 
 not only a model of cleanliness and order, but is furnish- 
 ed with the best the market and country affords of meats, 
 fowls, vegetables and fruits, and bread, butter and coffee 
 that cannot be excelled by any private home in the city." 
 
 The balance of cash in the hands of the Business 
 Manager, January 8, 1900, was $3,493.20. 
 
 [63] 
 
The Treasurer had received during the year 1899, 
 from the executors of Miss Baldwin, the aggregate 
 of $6,100, had contributed on account of new buildings, 
 $5,480.30, had in hand on other investments $15,475, and 
 had in cash $539.87. 
 
 Miss Weimar and Mr. King were continued in their 
 respective offices. 
 
 At the meeting of the Board, held June 10, 1900, the 
 Executive Committee reported that the session just ended 
 had been the most successful for many years. The num- 
 ber of pupils was 220, representing 27 states. The health 
 of the pupils had been unusually good. 
 
 The Business Manager recommended many repairs 
 and improvements, which he was authorized to have 
 made forthwith, as far as means in his hands and to be 
 collected would admit of. 
 
 The Building Committee was instructed to have a 
 stone wall erected along the upper premises of the Semi- 
 nary on New street, and the Treasurer was instructed to 
 honor drafts of said Committee from time to time on ac- 
 count of said work. 
 
 The number of pupils enrolled at the beginning of 
 the session of 1900-1 was 203. 
 
 At the meeting of the Board held October 9, 1900, 
 the Building Committee submitted a detailed report in re- 
 gard to the costs of the new building called ''Memorial 
 Hall" in honor of Misses McClung and Baldwin. 
 
 The Executive Committee reported to the Board on 
 January 22, 1901, in reference to various matters: The 
 health of the school had been better than at any period of 
 the present management. Miss Hopkins, teacher of vo- 
 cal music, had a severe attack of grippe while at her 
 home, and was absent from the school for two months. 
 Till her return her place was supplied by Miss Hughes, of 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 At the request of the Principal, she was authorized 
 to send abroad such teachers as she might select, to ac- 
 
 [64] 
 
quaint themselves with methods of instruction and obtain 
 any other useful information. Accordingly, Misses 
 Nanny L. Tate and Martha D. Riddle, being appointed 
 for the purpose, visited a number of the most celebrated 
 schools in Northern States. They were well received, 
 and every opportunity was afforded them to obtain the in- 
 formation they sought. 
 
 The Executive Committee further stated that the 
 health of the school had not given occasion to tax improved 
 capacity of the infirmary; but the greater comfort of those 
 using it amply justified the improvement. 
 
 The new departure in the employment of a female 
 teacher of instrumental music had been entirely satisfac- 
 tory. Miss Leeb, the teacher, had enjoyed large ad- 
 vantages of instruction in this country and in Europe. 
 The place of Miss Ferine, the Elocution teacher, had been 
 satisfactorily filled by Miss Frost, whose reputation was 
 fully sustained by her conduct in the class and her per- 
 formances in the city. Miss Frances Barton Bates, of 
 Missouri, a lady of elegant acquirements, was engaged as 
 teacher of Literature, and was abundantly satisfying 
 all requirements, when family affairs rendered it 
 necessary for her to give up teaching and return home. 
 Her place was supplied satisfactorily by Miss Spalding, a 
 graduate of Chicago University. Miss Emerick, a Ger- 
 man lady, had been employed to fill the place of Miss 
 Richard, who was compelled to return to her home in 
 Russia, and had proved an admirable teacher of Modern 
 Languages. Nine pupils had withdrawn since the be- 
 ginning of the session; two of them had left without per- 
 mission from home or the Seminary, and their application 
 to return was refused. One left because her parents 
 were afraid to compel her to remain; and another who 
 came from bravado and only remained a month. Others 
 left for sufficient reasons. 
 
 At the meeting of the Trustees, May 21, 1901, the 
 privilege of free tuition was extended to a worthy pupil, 
 and board as well as tuition to two others. 
 
 [65] 
 
The 21st of May, 1901, was the occasion of an in- 
 teresting proceeding at the Seminary. On that day a 
 memorial window in honor of Miss Baldwin, placed by 
 the Alumni Association of the Seminary in the Chapel 
 Hall, was unveiled with suitable ceremonies. But first a 
 brief account of the Association, which I call Alumm, be- 
 cause the young ladies insist upon calling themselves 
 Masters and Bachelors of Art, and why not Alumni in- 
 stead of Alumnae ? 
 
 In the summer of 1893, a few graduates met at the 
 Seminary and determined to form an Alumni Association. 
 A temporary organization was effected, with Miss Nanny 
 L. Tate, President, Mrs. Elizabeth Andrew Hill, Secretary, 
 and Mrs. Nellie Hotchkiss McCullough, Historian, and 
 correspondence was opened with graduates living at a dis- 
 tance. 
 
 The next meeting of the Association was held at the 
 Seminary, May 25, 1894, at which twenty full graduates 
 were present. At this meeting a constitution was adopt- 
 ed, and the following officers were elected: Mrs. Bettie 
 Guy-Winston, President; Mrs. C. May Erwin-Coleman, 
 Vice President; Miss Janet K. Woods, Treasurer; Miss 
 Augusta Bumgardner, Recording Secretary; and Mrs. 
 Nellie Hotchkiss McCullough, Corresponding Secretary. 
 By request, Mrs. Anne Woods Sampson represented Miss 
 Baldwin at the reception given to the members. An ini- 
 tiation fee of $1 was required, and an annual contribution 
 of 50 cents. 
 
 I cannot define exactly what the Association proposed 
 to do; but its general object was to promote feelings of 
 friendship among the members, and to foster a sentiment 
 of loyalty towards their alma mater. It was, however, 
 soon resolved to found a scholarship for the board and 
 tuition of a pupil to be selected by the Association. 
 
 The Association has met annually at the close of each 
 session of the Seminary, and the proceedings have been 
 printed in a paper called ' The Record, " which has con- 
 
 [66] 
 
tained many letters from absent members and contribu- 
 tions in prose and poetry, some of them showing much 
 literary accomplishment. 
 
 In 1901, the number of enrolled members was 208, viz; 
 From Alabama 4, Arkansas 1, California 3, North Caro- 
 lina 8, South Carolina 8, Colorado 1, District of Columbia 
 7, Florida 8, Georgia 16, Illinois 6, Kansas 2, Kentucky 8, 
 Louisiana 3, Maryland 3, Montana 2, Missouri 7, Missis- 
 sippi 5, Nebraska 1, New York 2, Ohio 2, Pennsylvania 1, 
 Tennessee 14, Texas 10, West Virginia 4, Missionaries in 
 Foreign Countries 10, Virginia 72. 
 
 Soon after Miss Baldwin's death the Association re- 
 solved to provide a memorial window in her honor. The 
 window was accordingly procured a beautiful specimen 
 of the art and was ready for unveiling on May 24, 1901. 
 On that day, the Association met in the Chapel Hall, 
 many friends, besides the members, being present. Mrs. 
 Nellie Hotchkiss McCullough presided with her usual 
 dignity and grace. 
 
 The Rev. G. W. Finley, D. D., opened the proceedings 
 with prayer. 
 
 Then Miss Virginia Lucas, of Charlestown, West 
 Virginia, read a poem appropriate to the occasion, com- 
 posed by her. 
 
 Next, Mr. Jos. A. Waddell, by request of the Alumni, 
 presented the window to the Trustees of the Seminary, 
 delivering an address of which the following is the con- 
 clusion, referring to Miss Baldwin: 
 
 "She now rests from her labor, but she is not dead in 
 this seminary and in this community. Before her de- 
 parture hence, the trustees performed a graceful act in 
 changing, by legislative authority, the name of the semi- 
 nary which she had built up from a low estate to its 
 present proportions, and calling it for her. 
 
 "This whole place is thus her monument. None of 
 the great people of the world better deserve a monument 
 than she. But it is fit that there should be in this hall a 
 
 [67] 
 
special memorial of her, and, in behalf of the alumnae, I 
 have the pleasure of presenting to the seminary the win- 
 dow which will now be unveiled/' 
 
 Whereupon, Master Baldwin Darrow, a young kins- 
 man and namesake of Miss Baldwin, unveiled the window. 
 
 The Rev. A. M. Eraser, D. D., accepted the window 
 on behalf of the Trustees of the Seminary, and spoke in 
 part as follows : 
 
 ' 'On behalf of the Mary Baldwin Seminary, its trus- 
 tees, its officers, its teachers, its pupils, its employees, 
 every one of whom has a proprietary interest in the 
 memory of Miss Baldwin, I accept this window which has 
 been placed here as a memorial of the honored woman for 
 whom the school is named. On behalf of the city of 
 Staunton which feels a maternal pride in her most dis- 
 tinguished daughter, I accept this tribute from the 
 alumnae, a noble band of matrons and young women, 
 scattered abroad throughout the United States and foreign 
 lands, makers of homes, of communities, of churches and 
 missionaries of the cross on the frontiers of civilization, 
 who themselves have been moulded by the gentle but 
 powerful influence of this great, modest spirit. 
 
 4 'We receive the window as a monument that will not 
 allow to perish the memory of our benefactor and friend. 
 When the Israelites passed dry shod over the river Jordan, 
 they erected on the other side a monumental pile of the 
 stones they had gathered in the dry bed of the river that 
 in the years to come when their children should ask, 
 'what mean ye by these stones ?' they might answer, 'This 
 Jordan was cut off before the ark of the Covenant of the 
 Lord. ' As successive classes of young ladies come into 
 the institution and ask, 'Why is it called the Mary Bald- 
 win Seminary ?' they will be told it was named for the 
 woman whose genius made its walls to rise and whose 
 philanthropy gave it a permanent endowment. But when 
 they enter this chapel and see that window, they will 
 know without being told not only that Miss Baldwin 
 
 T68] 
 
was great and good, but also that there was a grace and a 
 charm in her life, because her pupils loved her and they 
 
 have risen up to call her blessed. " 
 
 ****** 
 
 "It is a singular fact that while Miss Baldwin's life 
 was a long one, just one-half of it was spent in compara- 
 tive obscurity and inactivity, and her special gifts were 
 not suspected by herself or any one else. We often hear 
 one say, 'I am of no use in the world. ' Miss Baldwin's 
 life was a complete refutation of that error. At the age 
 of thirty-four she might have said with as much reason 
 as most people who say it: 'I am of no use in the world.' 
 And yet all unknown to her there lay before her and 
 opened to her a career of extraordinary usefulness and 
 renown. Truly 'We know not what a day may bring 
 forth, ' and truly 'There is a tide in the affairs of men 
 which taken at the flood leads on to fortune. ' At the foot 
 of the window is the modest recital that this window is 
 'Erected by the Alumnae Association. ' It is that fact 
 which lends its peculiar value to the tribute. It would 
 not be the high encomium that it is if it had been erected 
 by any other hands. While it speaks most eloquently of 
 Miss Baldwin's worth, it speaks no less eloquently, though 
 unconsciously, of that of the alumnae. It is because the 
 alumnae are what they are that we hold our high opinion 
 of Miss Baldwin who made them what they are. It is 
 because they appreciate her that we know them to be 
 what they are. So in receiving this memorial window at 
 your hands we dedicate it to the double office of com- 
 memorating at once the virtues of the great teacher and 
 
 those of her pupils. 
 
 ****** 
 
 "The Good Book says, 'The righteous shall be held 
 in everlasting remembrance.' It is for God alone to 
 make the remembrance of the righteous 'everlasting.' 
 We are doing what we can today to make it at least last- 
 ing. How long will this window last ? Shall it be fifty 
 
 [69] 
 
years, a hundred years, five hundred years, a thousand 
 years ? I pledge you that we shall take it into sacred keep- 
 ing and resolve that it shall outlast everything else in this 
 school except its name. If by the wear and tear of time 
 these walls, which have already stood for nearly a hundred 
 years, should fall and it should become necessary to build 
 another chapel, we will build it to fit that window. If by 
 the progress of invention the houses we now use should 
 become as antiquated as cave dwellings are compared 
 with them, the problem for the future architect will be to 
 build his structure in harmony with this graceful relic. If 
 by further progress of invention, houses may be dispensed 
 with and architecture itself become a relict of lost art, 
 the genius which works this transformation in the modes 
 of human living must also devise some way to preserve 
 what is dear to human sentiment and make some casket 
 for this jewel, for what this woman hath done must be 
 told for a memorial of her. 
 
 "Again, we receive the window as a suggestion, the 
 inauguration of a movement, the first of a group of 
 monuments. Already the happy thought has taken root 
 of erecting another here in honor of the full graduates of 
 the Seminary. I believe I am in a position to say that when 
 a young woman has mastered the university course in 
 this institutibn and has enrolled herself among the full 
 graduates, she deserves a monument of her own capacity 
 and the indomitable perseverance and courage she has 
 shown in that achievement. 
 
 "We shall also want a window that in a peculiar sense 
 shall be the companion of this one, a memorial of Miss 
 Agnes McClung, whose lofty character and wide acquaint- 
 ance contributed dignity and fame to the undertaking 
 at the outset, whose sanctified wisdom helped to build the 
 school, whose motherly influence and sympathy radiated 
 to the whole circle of girls that gathered about her and at 
 her death bequeathed her earnings to the endowment. 
 
 "We should also perpetuate the name of the Rev. 
 
 T70] 
 
Mr. Bailey, who first conceived the thought of founding 
 the school, to whose judicious and faithful labors we 
 owe the inception of it, and of whom we have now no 
 other memorial than the portrait which adorns the parlor 
 walls/' 
 
 The exercises were closed with the Recessional 
 ("Lest we Forget") by the vocal class of the Seminary, 
 and the Benediction. 
 
 Mrs. McCullough was succeeded as President of the 
 Alumni by Mrs. Walter Riggs Spratt of Alexandria, and 
 she by Mrs. Sallie Spears Hicks, of Wilmington, North 
 Carolina. 
 
 The Trustees of the Seminary, some years ago, grant- 
 ed to the Alumni the privilege of appointing a day 
 scholar to be educated free of charge. 
 
 The Executive Committee reported at the meeting of 
 the Board, January 21, 1902, that 4 boarding pupils and 7 
 day scholars enjoyed the privilege of school without 
 charge. The number of daughters of ministers at re- 
 duced rates was 11. 
 
 The Treasurer reported the amount in his hands, 
 January 16, 1902, as $16,389. During the year 1901 he 
 received from Miss Baldwin's executors the sum of $1214. 
 
 During the same year, the Business Manager collect- 
 ed rents amounting to $1350, and besides the rents, had 
 in his hands, on January 1, 1902, a balance of $5,752.88 
 derived from other sources. 
 
 On May 20, 1902, the Executive Committee reported 
 that the session of 1901-2 had been the most successful 
 since the present management took charge, in respect to 
 the number, conduct and progress of pupils, fidelity and 
 success of teachers, and good management on the part of 
 officers. The number of boarding pupils was 143 and of 
 day scholars 93. One pupil had been dismissed on account 
 of her bad conduct. Miss Leeb, teacher of instrumental 
 music, had left to be married, and her place was filled by 
 Miss Schelling. 
 
 [71] 
 
The following new teachers for the ensuing session 
 had been secured : Miss Jane D. Riddle in place of Miss 
 Kate St C. May, who had resigned ; Miss E. L. Parsons 
 in place of Miss Hopkins, teacher of vocal music, who 
 also had resigned ; Miss Almond, an A. B. of Columbia 
 University, New York, teacher of Natural Sciences, in 
 place of Miss Chatterton, whose services were dispensed 
 with because she declined to perform certain duties re- 
 quired of her ; Miss Mary L. Mattoon, formerly connected 
 with the Seminary and favorably known, took the place 
 of Capt. Kable in the school of Mental and Moral Science. 
 
 The salaries of Miss Emerick and Miss Frost were 
 increased. 
 
 During the session the Principal had visited several 
 Northern institutions and obtained much valuable infor- 
 mation. 
 
 Certain improvements were in contemplation a new 
 laundry, more and better music rooms, and additional 
 and better recitation rooms. 
 
 Memorials of Messrs. D. A. Kayser and J. Mason 
 Miller, Jr., members of the Board of Trustees, who had 
 recently departed this life, were read and ordered to be 
 recorded. 
 
 Messrs. S. F. Pilson and J. M. Spotts were elected 
 members of the Board to fill the vacancies. 
 
 At the meeting of the Board June 24, 1902, a memo- 
 rial of Judge Charles Grattan, lately deceased, was re- 
 ported by Jos. A. Waddell, and ordered to be recorded. 
 
 The Rev. Wm. N. Scott, D. D., was elected a member 
 of the Board. 
 
 Additions to the salaries of the principal and business 
 manager were authorized. 
 
 The total enrollment of pupils during the session of 
 1902-3, reported May 19, 1903, was 266, including 169 
 boarders. 
 
 The balance in the hands of the business manager, 
 May 1, 1903, was $13,902.04, out of which the expenses of 
 
 [72] 
 
April and May were to be paid. The average monthly 
 expenses approximated $5,000. 
 
 Mr. Earner, teacher of instrumental music, and long 
 connected with the school, was released from some of his 
 previous duties, and Miss Gleitsman, a graduate of the 
 Royal Conservatory of Music of Stuttgart, was engaged as 
 a teacher. 
 
 Miss Topping, a pupil of the best teachers in Leipsig 
 and Berlin was engaged to take the place of Miss Schell- 
 ing, who was compelled to resign on account of the failing 
 health of her father. 
 
 Miss Almond, teacher of physical sciences, a lady of 
 high character and an able instructor, would not return 
 next session because of her inability to maintain neces- 
 sary discipline. 
 
 The executive committee reported, January 21, 1904, 
 that the number of pupils enrolled was 266, of whom 184 
 were boarders. The capacity of the buildings had been 
 strained to accommodate this number; the guest cham- 
 bers, the young ladies' parlors, and a room in the infirmary 
 being called into requisition, and even then there had to 
 be some crowding at times. Fifty-two applications for 
 board had to be declined because of lack of room. 
 
 The well at the farm had been completed. The depth 
 of the well was 569 feet, and the cost was $1422. The 
 quality of the water was excellent, and the flow from 35 
 to 40 gallons per minute. This well was regarded by the 
 committee as an important acquisition. It was bored 
 during Miss Baldwin's life, soon after she purchased the 
 lots, and was only deepened at this time. 
 
 Necessary steps had been taken to secure the Lynn 
 property, at a cost of $700. This is a lot with a small ten- 
 ement on it, across Market street from the Seminary 
 premises. The tenement was neatly fitted up and fur- 
 nished so as to furnish dormitories for the white chamber 
 and dining-room maids employed at the Seminary. 
 
 On May 17, 1904, the committee reported that the 
 
 [73] 
 
general condition of the school and work of the Seminary 
 had continued to be unusually good. The teachers and 
 pupils had been diligent and faithful in their work and 
 little or no sickness had occurred among them. 
 
 Both the principal and business manager urged the 
 necessity for increased facilities in class rooms, music 
 rooms, etc., to relieve the congestion and consequent in- 
 convenience of the increased patronage of the Seminary. 
 The committee had under consideration several plans for 
 affording the relief asked for. One plan contemplated 
 the pulling down of "Little Chapel Hall" and a part of 
 "Chapel Hall," and erecting in their places a building to 
 afford ample accommodations for class rooms, music 
 rooms, library, laboratory, and to give much needed relief 
 to the domestic department of the Seminary. 
 
 Another plan proposed an addition to "Hill Top," 
 and the enlargement of the "Boiler House," so as to 
 give more dormitories and a better laundry room, there- 
 by affording in other parts of the buildings better ar- 
 rangements for class and music rooms. 
 
 The former plan was deemed very important, but it 
 involved greater outlay of money and more time than 
 could immediately be given, therefore, the former plan 
 was postponed and the second was adopted. 
 
 A committee composed of Messrs, Peck, King, 
 Landes, Hoge, Blackley and McFarland, was instructed to 
 propose at once to erect and furnish the addition to "Hill 
 Top", and also to raise the roof of the Boiler House, so as 
 to give a suitable room for the laundry, the whole cost to 
 be paid out of funds in the hands of the Business 
 Manager and not to exceed $10,000. 
 
 At the meeting of the Trustees, June 21, 1904, the 
 Business Manager submitted his annual statement of re- 
 ceipts and disbursements. 
 
 The balance on hand June 15, 1903, was $9,830.76, 
 and collections on account of board and tuition from said 
 date to June 15, 1904, amounted to $68,380.84, making a 
 
 [74] 
 
total of $78,211.60. The disbursements during the same 
 time amounted to $60,472.56, leaving a balance in bank, 
 June 15, 1904, of $17,739.04. At the same date the un- 
 collected accounts amounted to $10,541.45. 
 
 The amount reported on hand June 15, 1904, derived 
 from house rents, not included in the foregoing, was 
 $3,174.83. 
 
 On motion of Dr. Finley, a resolution was adopted, 
 requesting the Secretary of the Board to prepare a history 
 of the Seminary from its beginning to the present time. 
 
 The annual January meeting of the Trustees was 
 held Tuesday, January 17, 1905. 
 
 The Executive Committee reported that the total en- 
 rollment of pupils for the present session to date was 285, 
 of whom 193 were boarders. 
 
 Early in the session there were 7 withdrawals, of 
 which number 5 were advised to leave on account of ill 
 health, and 2 left because they found the Seminary was 
 not a school for so called * 'society " pleasures. 
 
 After the Christmas holiday, 16 pupils withdrew for 
 various reasons; but these, as well as those who left 
 earlier, made room for new pupils of whom 13 had come 
 in. 
 
 The usual repairs and refittings to the buildings were 
 made during the last summer vacation. The addition to 
 4 'Hill Top" was completed and furnished at the follow- 
 ing outlay : 
 
 Hill Top addition, $ 7,571 73 
 
 Furniture for same, 1,604 83 
 
 Repairs to old Hill Top building, 1,247 40 
 
 Total $10,423 96 
 
 By the addition to Hill Top and improvement of the 
 old house, an admirably constructed and furnished 
 building was secured, affording 16 new dormitories. 
 
 The Business Manager had on hand, January 1, 1905, 
 exclusive of rents, $13,606.34. He had taken out fire in- 
 
 [75] 
 
surance to the amount of $53,250, at a cost of $1597.15. 
 
 The amount derived from rents in hand January 1, 
 1905, was $5,424.98. 
 
 The Executive Committee was authorized to contract 
 for and have erected a stone wall along the front and 
 sides of the grounds. 
 
 The Treasurer submitted his annual report showing 
 investments of funds in his hands, as of January 11, 
 1905, amounting to $20,575. 
 
 Miss Weimar and Mr. King were re-elected Principal 
 and Business Manager, respectively, as usual at the 
 January meeting. 
 
 The Secretary having reported the death of Dr. N. 
 Wayt, a member of the Board, since the last meeting, a 
 committee was appointed to report suitable resolutions in 
 respect thereto. 
 
 Dr. J. B. Rawlings was elected to fill the vacancy in 
 the Board. 
 
 The reports of the Executive Committee quoted in the 
 foregoing narrative, with the exception of two or three, 
 were written by Dr. Finley, President of the Board and ex- 
 officio chairman of the Committee. To his untiring care 
 and business skill we are indebted for the preservation of 
 much interesting and valuable information in respect to 
 the Seminary. 
 
 [76] 
 
IX 
 Conclusion, 
 
 Boart) of trustees, Januatp 17, 1905. 
 
 1. Rev. Geo. W. Finley, D. D., President. 
 
 2. Jos. A. Waddell, Secretary. 
 
 3. Henry A. Walker, Treasurer. 
 
 4. James H. Backley. 
 
 5. James N. McFarland. 
 
 6. Arista Hoge. 
 
 7. Henry D. Peck. 
 
 8. Rev. A. M. Fraser, D. D. 
 
 9. H. St G. Tucker. 
 
 10. William H. Landes. 
 
 11. J. M. Quarles. 
 
 12. Rev. Wm. N. Scott, D. D. 
 
 13. Samuel F. Pilson. 
 
 14. J. M. Spotts. 
 
 15. Dr. J. B. Rawlings. 
 
 fficers ant) Ueacbers 
 
 Session of 1904*5 
 
 MISS ELLA C. WEIMAR, 
 PRINCIPAL. 
 
 REV. A. M. FRASER, D. D., 
 CHAPLAIN. 
 
 HELEN AUGUSTA WILDER, 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. 
 
 MARTHA D. RIDDLE, 
 HISTORY AND BOTANY. 
 
 VIRGINIA M. STRICKLER, 
 LATIN AND ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 
 
 GRACE ELIZA HARDY, 
 MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES. 
 
 MARIA A. E. EMMERICH, 
 FRENCH AND GERMAN. 
 
 [77] 
 
MARY L. MATTOON, 
 MORAL AND MENTAL SCIENCE AND BIBLE HISTORY. 
 
 NANNY L. TATE, 
 
 PRINCIPAL OF PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT, MATHEMATICS 
 AND ENGLISH. 
 
 JENNIE S. RIDDLE, 
 BESSIE C. LEFTWICH, 
 ENGLISH AND MATHEMATICS. 
 
 SARA GREENLEAF FROST, 
 ELOCUTION AND PHYSICAL CULTURE. 
 
 LOUISE TRACY HULL, 
 DRAWING AND PAINTING. 
 
 F. W. HAMER, 
 C. F. W. EISENBERG, 
 PIANO, ORGAN AND HISTORY OF Music. 
 
 LILA MARCHAND, 
 ENGLISH LITERATURE. 
 
 THOMAS BEARDS ORTH, 
 VIOLIN, GUITAR AND MANDOLIN. 
 
 ELISE D. GLEITSMAN, 
 
 MINNIE TOPPING, 
 
 PIANO. 
 
 KATHARINE S. PARSONS, 
 VOCAL Music. 
 
 ANNA M. STREIT, 
 LIBRARIAN. 
 
 HARRIET SHAWEN, 
 MATRON. 
 
 MRS. BETTIE W. CHASE, 
 HOUSEKEEPER. 
 
 MAY V. LAMBERT, 
 INTENDANT OF INFIRMARY. 
 
 DR. H. H. HENKEL, 
 PHYSICIAN. 
 
 WM. WAYT KING, 
 BUSINESS MANAGER. 
 
 [78] 
 
The present condition of the Seminary is in striking 
 contrast with its beginning. 
 
 The school was opened in the fall of 1842, in the 
 upper room of an old frame house at the south-west corner 
 of New street and Courthouse Alley, where the Eakleton 
 Hotel now stands. The lower room of the house was the 
 shop of a cabinet-maker, the noise of whose hammer and 
 saw sometimes disturbed the exercises of the school. 
 
 Now, the Seminary occupies the sunny slope of one 
 of Staunton's great hills, on a lot of about four acres; 
 fronting on Frederick street, on the south, and extending 
 from Market street on the east to New street on the 
 west. The grounds are adorned with trees, shrubbery, 
 flowers and grass, and afford ample space for out-door 
 exercises and pastimes. They are studded with large 
 and costly buildings which furnish 160 apartments: 
 Parlors, Office, Library, Dining Hall, Chapel or General 
 School-room, Laboratory, Gymnasium, Swimming Pool, 
 Studio, Infirmary, Conservatory; many Class Rooms and 
 Music Rooms and a hundred Dormitories all handsomely 
 furnished. 
 
 The Library contains about 3,300 volumes of choice 
 literature, and the Music rooms are supplied with 35 
 pianos and 3 organs, all of first class. 
 
 The garden, less than a mile from the Seminary, is 
 highly improved, and furnishes an abundant supply of 
 fresh vegetables and small fruits, while the adjacent lots 
 furnish pasture for the Seminary cows. 
 
 Four handsome dwelling houses devised by Miss 
 Baldwin, are rented, and these add to the income of 
 the school. 
 
 At the close of Mr. Bailey's second session, in 1844, 
 there was an indebtedness of $38 for rent of school 
 room, which perplexed the Trustees no little. On June 
 14, 1904, there was a balance in Bank to the credit of the 
 Seminary, all expenses of the preceeding session paid, 
 
 [79] 
 
of $17,739.04, besides the sum of $3,174.83, which had ac- 
 cumulated from rents. 
 
 The little pamphlet issued by Mr. Bailey in 1844 bears 
 the same relation to the present catalogue that the New 
 England Primer does to Webster's Dictionary unabridged. 
 
 The morning exercises of the school are opened in 
 the Chapel with singing, Scripture reading and prayer. 
 At various times much religious interest has prevailed in 
 the school, and many of the pupils have become church- 
 members. Two of the most eminent teachers have gone 
 as missionaries to foreign countries Miss Kemper, here- 
 tofore mentioned, and Miss Ella Cummins, who spent 
 several years in Mexico, but was compelled to return on 
 account of impaired health. 
 
 Of the pupils 15 have gone on the same errand. Their 
 names and the scenes of their labors are as follows : 
 
 Janet H. Houston, Mexico and Cuba. 
 Fanny Leak, (Mrs. Patton) Japan. 
 Carrie Ballagh, Japan. 
 Ruth See, Brazil. 
 Mrs. C. R. Womeldorf, Brazil. 
 Mary Leyburn, (Mrs. Junkin) Korea. 
 Libby Alby, (Mrs. W. F. Bull) Korea. 
 Sophia Peck, (Mrs. James Graham) China. 
 Bessie Smith, (Mrs. James Woods) China. 
 Lottie Witherspoon, (Mrs. Eugene Bell) Korea. 
 Pauline Du Bose, (Mrs. L. L. Little) China. 
 Nettie Du Bose, (Mrs. W. F. Junkin) China. 
 Jennie Woodrow, (Mrs. Woodbridge) China. 
 Nelly Van Lear, (Mrs. Webb) China. 
 Irene Mann, Japan. 
 
 [80] 
 
Many esteemed teachers and assistants, not mention- 
 ed heretofore, I take pleasure in naming here : 
 
 Of instrumental music teachers, besides Messrs. 
 Hamer and Eisenberg, were the following : 
 
 Joel Ettinger. 
 
 John Koerber. 
 
 Carl Hintz. 
 
 Barthold Meyer. 
 
 Prof. Hasselleff, Modern Languages. 
 
 Madam Garcia, 
 
 Madam Marandaz, ' 
 
 Madam Hasselleff, Art. 
 
 Miss Helen Fairchild, Art- 
 Miss Fanny Johnston, English Literature. 
 
 Mrs. Fanny Page, Elocution. 
 
 Madam Jacot, Modern Languages. 
 
 L. C. Therry, Modern Languages. 
 
 Miss Georgia Ripley, Intendant of Infirmary. 
 
 Miss Sue Rogers, 
 
 Mrs. Maslin, 
 
 Mrs. Williamson, 
 
 Mrs. Dabney Harrison, " 
 
 Mrs. Points, 
 
 Miss Lottie Price, 
 
 Miss Annie Hodgson, * ' 
 
 Of the thousands of pupils since 1863, many have 
 obtained certificates of proficiency in one or more schools 
 and the various accomplishments; but comparatively few 
 have received certificates in the eight schools so as to be- 
 come full graduates. 
 
 The Full Graduates from 1866 to 1904, inclusive, 
 stated in the order of graduation, are as follows : 
 
 1. Nanny Lewis Tate, Virginia, 1866 
 
 2. Mattie Lyle Tate, Virginia, 1867 
 
 3. Bettie K. Guy, Virginia, 1867 
 
 4. Nannie Gooch, Virginia, 1868 
 
 [81] 
 
5. Nannie Thornton, Virginia, 1868 
 
 6. Esther Baird, Virginia, 1869 
 
 7. Aurelia Brown, Virginia, 1869 
 
 8. Nannie Link, Virginia, 1869 
 
 9. Lizzie Kirkpatrick, Virginia, 1870 
 
 10. Josephine Moore, Virginia, 1870 
 
 11. Nannie McElwee, Virginia, 1870 
 
 12. Flora Welsh, Virginia, 1870 
 
 13. Annie E. Woods, Virginia, 1871 
 
 14. Lizzie Harris, Georgia, 1872 
 
 15. Mec Mclntyre, Georgia, 1873 
 
 16. Mattie A. Beggs, Alabama, 1873 
 
 17. Mary B. Crawford, Virginia, 1874 
 
 18. Sallie Harman, Virginia, 1874 
 
 19. Bettie D. Webb, Alabama, 1874 
 
 20. Stuart Slemmons, Tennessee, 1874 
 
 21. Mary L. Estes, Tennessee, 1874 
 
 22. Nellie Hotchkiss, Virginia, 1874 
 
 23. Alice Wilson, Virginia, 1875 
 
 24. Ella Oliver, Mississippi, 1875 
 
 25. Jennie Daniel, Virginia, 1875 
 
 26. Lucy Ewing, Virginia, 1875 
 
 27. Mollie Herring, North Carolina, 1875 
 
 28. Lizzie Wilson, Virginia, 1875 
 
 29. Jennie Gray, Virginia, 1875 
 
 30. Isabel Patrick, Virginia, 1875 
 
 31. Kate Baker, Virginia, 1876 
 
 32. Nannie Harris, Virginia, 1876 
 
 33. Linda McClure, Virginia, 1876 
 
 34. Bessie Roberts, Georgia, 1876 
 
 35. Emma L. Wills, Virginia, 1876 
 
 36. Mary Coalter, Virginia, 1876 
 
 37. Olivia Huck, Texas, 1876 
 
 38. Helen Reid, Virginia, 1876 
 
 39. Lucy P. Waddell, Virginia, 1876 
 
 40. Leila C. Gunn, Georgia, 1877 
 
 41. Annie Johnston, Georgia, 1877 
 
 [82] 
 
42. Mary Lara, Virginia, 1877 
 
 43. Mary Blakey, Virginia, 1878 
 
 44. Mary Tapscott, Virginia, 1878 
 
 45. Gertrude Gunn, Georgia, 1879 
 
 46. Sallie M. Spears, W. Virginia, 1879 
 
 47. Fannie M. Symington, Kentucky, 1879 
 
 48. Flora C. Firor, Kentucky, 1879 
 
 49. Fannie Smith, Virginia, 1879 
 
 50. Mildred Watkins, Virginia, 1879 
 
 51. Sue Daniel, Virginia, 1879 
 
 52. Etta Donnan, Virginia, 1880 
 
 53. Maria Abert, Mississippi, 1880 
 54 MaryAldrich, Texas, 1880 
 
 55. Flora McElwee, Virginia, 1880 
 
 56. Lizzie Hill, Georgia, 1880 
 
 57. Allielee Wood, Tennessee, 1880 
 
 58. Corrie Ewing, Virginia, 1880 
 
 59. Susie Selman, Georgia, 1880 
 
 60. Florence Childress, Texas, 1881 
 
 61. MaryForman, Kentucky, 1881 
 
 62. Ada Converse, Georgia, 1882 
 
 63. Lida Dunlop, Virginia, 1882 
 
 64. Mary Grattan, Virginia, 1882 
 
 65. Marion Woodrow, South Carolina, 1882 
 
 66. Kate McCall, South Carolina, 1883 
 
 67. Lizzie Firor, Kentucky, 1884 
 
 68. Margaret Spencer, Texas, 1884 
 
 69. Estelle Vanmeter, West Virginia, 1886 
 
 70. Minnie Vanmeter, West Virginia, 1886 
 
 71. Catharine A. Paxton, Virginia, 1887 
 
 72. Elizabeth A. Alby, Virginia, 1888 
 
 73. Helen M. Bridges, Maryland, 1888 
 
 74. Jacqueline S. Epps, Virginia, 1890 
 
 75. Lizzie D. Hanger, Virginia, 1891 
 
 76. S. Brown Stribling, West Virginia, 1891 
 
 77. Sadie E. Anderson, Virginia, 1893 
 
 78. Carrie P. Bell, Virginia, 1893 
 
 [83] 
 
79. Augusta Bumgardner, Virginia, 1893 
 
 80. Mattie B. Wayt, Virginia, 1893 
 
 81. Mary R. Macatee, Virginia, 1894 
 
 82. Kate St. Clair May, Virginia, 1894 
 
 83. Pauline McA. Du Bose, China, 1895 
 
 84. Nannie W. McFarland, Virginia, 1896 
 
 85. Mary E. Trotter, Virginia, 1896 
 
 86. Carlotta W. Kable, Virginia, 1897 
 
 87. Edna I. Gilkeson, Virginia, 1897 
 
 88. Nettie L. Du Bose, China, 1897 
 
 89. Abbie M. McFarland, Virginia, 1898 
 
 90. Mary S. Berkeley, Virginia, 1900 
 
 91. Mary H. Mcllwaine, Virginia, 1900 
 
 92. Mary Sharp Williams, Mississippi, 1900 
 
 93. Isabel Hill Scott, Alabama, 1900 
 
 94. Nora B. Fraser, Virginia, 1901 
 
 95. Ellen D. Hamilton, Virginia, 1901 
 
 96. Rebecca B. Gilkeson, Virginia, 1901 
 
 97. Celia M. Timber-lake, Virginia, 1902 
 
 98. Margaret H. Kable, Virginia, 1902 
 
 99. Helen M. Barnes, Virginia, 1902 
 
 100. Mabel W. Leftwich, Virginia, 1903 
 
 101. Janie A. Williams, Mississippi, 1903 
 
 102. Mary E. Robertson, Virginia, 1903 
 
 103. Lillian Waddell Weller, Virginia, 1904 
 
 For many years it has been the custom at the Semi- 
 nary to give public entertainments, or soirees, several 
 times during each session, at which there is much music 
 by the pupils, vocal and instrumental, recitations, and ex- 
 hibitions of physical culture. These occasions are much 
 enjoyed by the pupils and ladies and gentlemen invited 
 to attend. 
 
 At the close of the session, the last Saturday evening 
 is devoted to exercises such as just mentioned. On the 
 ensuing Sunday, a Commencement Sermon is preached in 
 the First Presbyterian church by a minister invited to 
 
 [84] 
 
officiate. On Monday evening there is another musical 
 entertainment ; and on Tuesday diplomas, certificates and 
 prizes are distributed, with appropriate ceremonies, in 
 Chapel Hall, generally in the presence of a large number 
 of spectators. 
 
 I cannot close this compilation without mention of 
 Miss Anna M. Streit. In the list of officers of the Semi- 
 nary she is styled Librarian, and she does preside in the 
 Library ; but she might be called General Assistant, for 
 she is the willing and efficient helper of all who need 
 help. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
. : . . '..:/ 
 
 History c 
 
 y/112998! 
 
 LD7251 
 
 S79M4 
 
 M129989 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY