DS 
 
 4-77.63 
 
 L38
 
 Jv\©f]the 
 
 IjllviRSlTY 
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 Univ. of Cal 
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 0S
 
 COMMENTARIES 
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN, 
 1848-49.
 
 
 COMMENTARIES 
 
 ON 
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN 
 1848-49. 
 
 INCLUDINa 
 
 SOME ADDITIONS TO 
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE SECOND SIKH WAR, 
 
 FROM ORIGINAL SOURCES. 
 
 J. H. LAWRENCE-ARCHER, Capt. H. P. 
 
 AUTHOR OP " THE ORDERS OP CHIVALRY," ETC. 
 
 LONDON: 
 Wm. H. ALLEN & CO., 13 WATERLOO PLACE, S.W. 
 
 1878.
 
 •im. tUTEilllAmilAL ftffUTIMM
 
 INT. REL. 
 
 ! 
 
 ^liflivtrsiiy cf Caiijijrnia 
 
 ^ -.XiiONS 
 
 TO 
 
 Majoe-General, the Right HoNorEABLE, 
 
 LORD ABINGER, C.B. 
 
 THESE COMMENTARIES ARE DEDICATED 
 BY HIS lordship's OBEDIENT AND HUMBLE SERVANT, 
 
 THE AUTHOR.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Prefatory Remarks 
 Chapter I. 
 Chapter II. 
 Chapter IH. 
 Chapter IV. 
 Chapter V. 
 Chapter VI. 
 Chapter VII. 
 Chapter VIII. 
 Chapter IX. . 
 Chapter X. 
 Chapter XI. . 
 Chapter XTT. . 
 Chapter XIII. 
 
 Page 
 V 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 23 
 33 
 38 
 42 
 61 
 71 
 78 
 89 
 92 
 107 
 110
 
 VI 11 CONTENTS. 
 
 PaH-e 
 
 Plans — Theatre of War in the Punjab. 
 
 1. The Combat of Eamnuggur. 
 
 2. The Passage of the Chenab, and Action of 
 
 Sacloolapore. 
 
 3. The Battle of Chillianwalla. 
 
 4. The Battle of Googerat. 
 
 Appendix A. — General Notes from Private Journals, 
 
 &c. - 119 
 
 Appendix B. — The Punjab in ancient times . . 125 
 
 Appendix C. — The Second Advance of the 24th Foot 
 
 at Chillianwalla 128 
 
 Appendix D. — Detailed Statement of the numerical 
 strength of Corps engaged in the several 
 Actions during the Punjab Campaign . . 133 
 
 Appendix E. — Chillianwalla and Googerat . . 138 
 
 Appendix P.— Despatches relating to the Campaign 
 
 in the Punjab, 1848-49 140
 
 PREFATORY REMARKS. 
 
 5A 
 
 The objectjof the following pages is to supply from ori- | I 
 ginal an d official sour ces, information on some points of | ^ 
 interest,, which have not been fully explained either in>^ - 
 the D espatches relating to the Punjab Campaign, or I -^ 
 in other ^publications on the subject. But in order to 
 
 / give imity to the design, it has been deemed advisable, 
 as succinctly as possible, to review the preceding current 
 
 j of events from the death of Kunjeet Singh to the period 
 
 ! in question. 
 
 *^ The Punjab Campaign, although perhaps not one of 
 the most brilliant, was nevertheless, as is well known, 
 of the gvpfltpst^ iy|^p^ftanp,p, \x\ jtjs rpsnlts^ while even in 
 its temporary failures it afibrded_^any_lessons, emi- . 
 nently instructive, occurring, as it did, at what may be 
 assumed to have been a period of t ransitio n, as regards "_' '~ 
 our military_sjstem. 
 
 Besides the acquisition of an important and exten- '«j 
 
 sive territory, this campaign influenced the subsequent 
 annexation of Oude, and, through the administrative
 
 X PEEFATORT REMARKS. 
 
 abilities of certain eminent men, it afforded at a later 
 
 - ■ J , period, an admirabl e recruitin g field for our auxiliary 
 
 forces, as became fully apparent, on the revolt of the 
 
 lL^ Bengal army; and it is not unworthy of note, that, at 
 the present moment, when so much uneasiness has been 
 expressed about the Mahomedans of India, probably, 
 
 • T '■ the best native troops that we have — Sikhs, Goorkhas 
 and Rajpoots — are of the Brahmanical and Buddhist 
 creeds and their offshoots. 
 
 During this campaign, moreover, the true value o f 
 our relations with the Affghans was tested, and the 
 lesson may again be useful. 
 , The movements of the army proved th e disadvantag e ^*-p /^ 
 
 *'^^ i of a divided command, and the dangers attending the 
 
 ^"^^ , absence of topographical knowledge arid of an^ intelli- 
 gence department. It proved the inestimable value of 
 the Irregular Cavalry, commanded, as it was, by officers 
 I of remarkable ability. It taught us the folly of under- 
 
 S ' valuing one's enemy^ — of neglecting in the earlier 
 actions the proper use of artillery — the error of placing 
 ^L too great a reliance on the power of the bayonet in 
 
 kVv^*) what may be called iungle warfare — and of the disad- w *o 
 vantages of close formations in an attenuated line which, ^* j 
 in consequence, was further weakened by wide gaps. 
 It also suggested salutary changes in the uniform of 
 the troops, and the uselessness of regimental standards 
 since arms of precision have been introduced. 
 
 With regard to the General's Despatches, a striking 
 
 /j innovation was permitted after the battle of Googerat ; 
 
 ^.'
 
 PEEFATORT REMARKS. XI 
 
 and that relating to Sadoolapore w&s, for so long a 
 period suppressed, for reasons which will be apparent, 
 that a confusion occurred in the chronology of the 
 campaign. 
 
 There were at that time no representatives of the /-f^</^ 
 press with our armies, and, in consequence, while many 
 striking incidents were overlooked, some remarkable 
 errors— especially toi)Ograpliical — finding their way 
 through private correspondents into the public papers, 
 have ever since remained uncorrected, as a reference to 
 the Ordnance Survey of the Punjab will satisfy the 
 public. 
 
 It only remains to be said that, as a result of the 
 crowning victory of Googerat,the celebrated Koh-i-noor, 
 was transferred to the Imperial diadem of England. #
 
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 ^I^^.^ 
 
 THE BATTLE OF GOOGERAT. 
 The troops and batteries of Artillery in the above Plau were commanded by the following o&icei-s : 
 
 1. Huieh. 5. Eobertson. 9. Horsford. 13. Waruer. 
 
 2. Diujcan. 6. Lane (preTiously 14) 10. Fordyce. W. Sue No. 6. 
 
 3. Blood. 7. Day. 11- Anderson. 15. Kinleside, 
 *. Ludlow. 8. Dawes. 12. Maclteuzie. 16. Sbakapoaro
 
 COMMENTARIES 
 
 PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 On tke death of Rvuijeet Singh, the cele brated sove reigDJf'lt/'M^ T 
 
 of the Punjab, in 1844, and the accession of his sonJ 
 
 the youthful Duleep Singh, powerless in the tutelage i , - ^ ^v 
 
 of the Regent-mo ther at Lah ore, the Khalsa, or Sikh , 
 
 army, mutinied. The British frontier was threatened, 
 
 and, in the summer of the following year, the Sikhs 
 
 boldly crossed the boundary river Sutlej, and invaded 
 
 the British territory. 
 
 The Governor- GTeneral pressed by Lord Gough, the/ -^ ,-- -^ 
 Commander-in-Chief, who fully realised the danger, 'f. _ .\j 
 hastily assembled, by forced marches, a small army, 
 which was immediately encoimtered by the enemy ; and 
 the first battle, " Midnight Moodkhee," was lost by the |^ 
 
 invaders. In rapid succession followed the victories of ^0"""^ 
 Aliwal, Ferozeshuhr, and Sobraon; at the last of which 
 
 Y
 
 2 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 ■ ^^l^tr ^jjg Klialsa, utterly routed, was driven in disorder across 
 
 the Sutlej. 
 
 ^kf""^<^ But the Sikhs thus conqu ered, were not subdu ed, and 
 
 although the result of this, the first Sikh war, was 
 
 , I i- ^ the establishment of a British Eesident at the Court of 
 
 i" 
 
 Lahore, it remained for Lord Dalhousie, his successor, 
 I to follow up the temporising policy of Lord Hardinge, 
 
 ^f *^^by the annexation of the Punjab. 
 
 \(n^'^ Two years after these events, Lord Dalhousie arrived 
 
 ■ Lj- • in India..- X12t h Jan. 1848), and a few days later his 
 
 ^^,«X^^ predecessor embarked (18th Jan.) for England. 
 
 " In the Punjab everything seemed to betoken a long 
 
 continuance of peace," so far as peace can ever be of 
 
 long duration in Lidia ; and throughout the country of 
 
 the Five Rivers, "English officers, civil and military, 
 
 ^y^A were quietly drillin g " their late enemies, and " giving 
 
 jj*f ^f, J lessons in good government" to respectful Sikh officials. 
 
 Vl About that time the Dewan or Governor of Mooltan 
 
 was treating with the Council of Eegency at Lahore 
 
 , AgKS^2i\)0^xi the surrender of his post ; for, disgusted with the 
 
 ) •It* 
 
 Ajt^^^ unaccustomed checks placed by his nominal masters on 
 
 I y his once unbounded sway, he sought to be released from 
 
 ^ \K(f his thankless post. 
 
 On the 18th of April, while the change _of. governors 
 was being effected at Mooltan, under the superintend- 
 ance of two British officers, Mr. Vans Agnew and Lieut. 
 
 f^ ,.- -^i Anderson, the latter were suddenly attacked and wounded, 
 
 \\^ (i^ and, on the 20th, their place of retreat having been taken
 
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 6 
 
 by assault, they were slain, under circumstances of great 
 barbarity. 
 
 What part the ex-Dewan Moolraj really took in this 
 tragedy has never beeficlearlyshown ; but it seemed 
 now to be incumbe nt _.on him to head the movement 
 to expel the British from his country, and to stir uj: 
 Sikhs, Hindus, and Mussulmans alike to defend their ; 
 nationality , under the name of a Holy War. 
 
 While the British Resident at Lahore, justly appre- .# 
 
 hensive, was urging the Commander-in-Chief to move I 
 
 up troops from Ferozepore. in order to crush the in- 7 ' / 
 surrection before it should become general. Col. Cortlandt < 
 and Lieut. Herbert Edwardes, afterwards so much dis- 
 tinguished, were already marching with a few thousandSX/Pififs,-^ 
 Sikhs (still well affected), a nd Pat hans, towards the 
 scene of the coming strugg le. On the 18th June was.fl^ivff 1 
 fought between them and the Mooltanees, the combat j tfj 
 of Kineyrie, followed on the 1st July by that of Sud- 
 dosam, when Moolraj fled to the security of Mqoltan, 
 which he prepared to defend. 
 
 A jjlot was now discovered to massacre the B ritish, 5* 'jLf't-^ 
 officers at Lahore. The principals were executed, while . _ 
 the Queen-mother was arrested and sent a prisoner toy ^j^/^ 
 Benares. Several others were in custody, and the palace A 
 itself was guarded by an English regiment. vv'-vA?'^ 
 
 About the end of July, Gi?n. Whish moved, at length, ^^--^ 
 with a field force over six thousand strong, including-(# t ^nf^ 
 two English regiments (10th and 32nd) on Mooltan, ''- '
 
 ^lft\ deserted to the enemy 
 ' J . I siege was raised, and tl 
 
 4 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 and summoned Moolraj to surrender, but without effect ; 
 
 /, Lvt^iand, on the 5th September, the British guns opened fire. 
 
 ! Thus began the siege of the great Sikh stronghold; 
 
 ^J t,.i but in consequence of the defection of Eajah S here 
 
 ^ •'* Singh and about five thousand of his contingent, who 
 
 on the 13th, on the 15th the 
 the British force fell back. On 
 the 24th September, however, G-en. Whish resumed the 
 siege ; and early the following month, Shere Singh, dis-__^,_ 
 - / . /v. truste d by Mofl kaJ-himself, retired wi th h is whole fo.rce_ , 
 / from Mooltan, and while he proceeded to raise the south 'f * ' 
 • i w of the Punjab, his father, the old Chutter Singh, was 
 <-\ ^'-' negociating with Dost Mahomed to render back to the 
 »^, ' Afghans, Peshawur, for his aid against the British. 
 
 Flying from this stronghold. Major Lawrence and his 
 family were captured ; and then only remaiaed Herbert ' 
 
 J' "lin Attock, and Abbot, Mcholson^and Taylor, to. up- 1 7'', 
 fr - I > hold the last shreds of the British influence outside ' 
 
 P^^ T t Lahore, and the camp of Whish. 
 
 1l^^' Several minor affairs took place between our late 
 
 \,=,»— allies and our irregular a uxiliarie s ; while Go lab _Singh, 
 r'' a domestic tyrant, but faithftd, or wily ally, looked down 
 
 W J i'-^ • from his mountain kingdom of Cashmer^. 
 
 t^ '^'.1 
 
 Through perhaps the erroneous_fear of a hot-weather 
 campaign, and the neglect to reiuforce the gallant Cort- 
 ; landt and Edwardes, with their ally, the Bhawulpore 
 Eajah, or, possibly, to avoid the contingency of a pro- 
 tracted guerill a wa rfare, the danger which, at the outset,
 
 THE PUNJAE CAIVIPAIGN. 5 
 
 might have been averted or entirely dissipated, had now/, 
 been allowed to reach a crisis. 
 
 A certain vacillation seemed to prevail in the counsels/ ' C <. 
 of the British ; or defective intelligence may have given ■ 
 rise to a suspicion, by which the enemy largely pro- 
 fited. 
 
 Orders and counter-orders for the movement of the 
 troops at Ferozepore, on the frontier, were frequent, 
 and afforded an instructive lesson on the relative effect 
 of mental influences on the health of the European sol- 
 diers, who crowded the hospital with fever cases when 
 their hopes of relief from the wearisome cantonment life 
 of India seemed lost, as rapidly as a sudden rumour 
 of immediate operations at once had the opposite effect. -. 
 
 {if. if 1 
 
 At length, early in October (1848), it was innnnnrri rr 
 in general orders, that a force would be assembled, and --j^^^, */ 
 designated " the Army of ,th £. Punja b," under the personal 1^^^ 
 command of Lord Gough. 
 
 This force consisted of three infantry divisions: the fi^^*. ■ 
 first, under Maj.-Gen. Whish ; the second, under Maj.-. V t i 
 ^ 'Sen. Sir W. E. Gilbert; and the third, under Maj.- ^[^ 
 ^,.^ Gen. Sir Joseph Thackwell, subsequently transferred 
 'i (on the aj)pointment of this distinguished veteran to 
 
 r 
 
 the command of the Cavalry) to Brig.-Gen. Colin 
 
 Campbell. ^ . 
 
 The Cavalry Division was at first assigned to the 
 command of Col. Cureton, tlien Adjt.-Gen. of Queen's 
 Troops, a post subsequently held by Col. Lugard 
 
 ^-fTi
 
 6 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 Several changes of brigades and regiments took place 
 during the campaign that followed, but these need 
 not now be noticed. 
 
 The Bunnoo troops, the chief strength of the army 
 
 vinder Shere Singh, were raised out of the remnant of 
 
 the old Khalsa * army. As was to have been expected, 
 
 thes e_ stern veterans c ould ill brook the domination of 
 
 / a foreign power, and eagerly availed themselves of the 
 
 ! first opportunity of joining their countrymen in the 
 
 , j field, under Chutter Singh, G-overnor of the Peshawur 
 
 v^^(^: I district. They were disciplined and equipped after the 
 
 \*Cr\ European manner, and were accompanied by Artillery 
 
 I and Cavalry. 
 
 ■^ It was believed that the intention of the enemy was 
 to advance on Lahore, and the suspicion was aggravated 
 ,^ ' by the circumstance that a party of the Sikh Cavalry 
 made an attempt to destroy the bridge of boats over 
 the Eavee, on the northern side of that capital, which, 
 however, was frustrated by the j)rompt appearance of 
 Ha velock at the head of the 14th King's Light Dra- 
 goons. 
 J^'Ct I The close proximity of the enemy, and the disaffection 
 '^ 1^ of the population of Lahore, rendered the j)Osition of 
 !,,/L..Sir Frederick Currie, the British Resident there, peril- 
 I ous in the extreme. 
 
 In the meantime, a brigade of Cavalry had assembled 
 
 * Commonwealth.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 7 
 
 at Ferozepore; and Col. Charles Cureton, Adjt.-Gen. of 
 Queen's Troops, was despatched to take command. 
 Brigadier Wheeler with a small force was already in ad- 
 vance, while Brigadier Godby, with another, moved north- 
 ward towards the Ravee, about the 3rd November. 
 
 It was expected that the enemy would oppose the 
 advance of the British at Goojranwallah,* a small town 
 or rather fort, about three days march from Lahore ; 
 but C ureton found the position abandoned, and when . 
 his force was united__to that of Brig.-Cen. CoUn Camp^ ^ 
 bell, who had likewise advanced in the same directioi|, ^ ^'^Y 
 an impression prevailed, that these officers might, by 
 decisive blow, terminate the incipient struggle, anc 
 thus frustrate tlie aiubitidii of those who yet hoped 
 to share in the glories of a campaign on a larger 
 scale. The idea is not unworthy of a passing remark 
 as an indication of the confidence of the trooj)s, and 
 their contempt of the enemy. 
 
 The following table of commands in the army of the 
 Punjab will facilitate future references in the course 
 of the ensuing narrative, although several changes sub- 
 sequently occurred : — 
 
 lo^ r„„ r 1st Brig. C ?o?,'!l'°?* ^ C Asst. Adit.-Gen. . ^ 
 
 IstDiv. (Markham). ) tH^l Capt. WMsh. l/ 
 
 Tiir ■ n i ^ in+i. ^w ^ StafT -^ Asst. Qr.-Mr. Gen. 
 
 ^^"•^r- 2ndBi-ijr. l^.V^''?* 1 Lieut.-Col. Becher. 
 
 '^'^^- I (Harve;). [ .^^^\^^\ J Ia.D.C. Lieut. Need. 
 
 * Said to be the bu-tli-place of Riuijeet Singh.
 
 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 2nd Div. 
 
 Maj.-Geu. Sir 
 W. R. Gilbert. 
 
 3bd Div. 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Sir 
 
 Joseph Thack- 
 
 well. 
 
 Cav. Div. 
 
 1st Brig-. 
 (Mountain). 
 
 2nd Brig. 
 (Godby). 
 
 1st Brig. 
 (Peunywick). 
 
 2nd Brig. 
 (Penny). 
 
 3rd Brig. 
 (Hoggan). 
 
 1st Brig. 
 (White). 
 
 2nd Brig. 
 (Pope). 
 
 3rd Brig. 
 (Hearsey). 
 
 4th Brig. 
 (Salter). 
 
 r 29th Foot 1 
 J. 30th N. I. 
 (. 52nd N. I. 1 
 ('2d Europeans ( 
 ■J 31st N. I. 
 (. 70th N. I. J 
 
 C 24th Foot 
 
 J. 25th N. I. 
 
 (. 45th N. I. 
 
 C 15th N. I. 
 
 i 20th N. I. 
 
 (, 69th N. I. 
 
 C 61st Foot 
 
 ■> 36th N. I. 
 
 (. 46th N. I. 
 
 !3rd Dragoons "" 
 14tlLDra°-oons 
 5th Lt. Cav. 
 6th Lt. Cav. 
 C 9th Lancers 
 ■J 1st Lt. Cav. 
 (. 6th Lt. Oav. 
 ( Irregular 
 \ Cavalrv. 
 ? 11th Lt. Cav. 
 i Irregular 
 (. Cavalry. 
 
 Staff 
 
 Staff 
 
 Staff 
 
 ' Asst. Adjt.-Gren. 
 
 Major Che ster. 
 
 Asst. Qr.-Mr. u^nT 
 
 Lieut. Galloway. 
 . A.D.C. Lieut. Colt. 
 
 ' Asst. Adjt.-Gen. 
 Major Ponsonby. 
 Asst. Qr.-Mr. Gen. 
 
 Ensign Garden. 
 
 A.D.C.Lieut.Thack- 
 
 well. 
 
 ^ Dep. Asst. Adjt.- 
 Gen. Capt. Pratt. 
 Asst. Qr.-Mr. Gen. 
 Lieut. Tucker. 
 ^A.D.C. Lt. Cureton. 
 
 (See Plan of Action of Goozerat and Despatch.) 
 
 v 
 
 On the Ge^^al Staff were — 
 
 Bt. Lieut.-Col. Lugard, Act. Adjt.-"SS. Queen's Troops. 
 
 Lieut. -Col. Gough, Qr.-Mr. Gen. 
 
 Capt. Kanisay, Commissariat. 
 
 Med. Dept. : Insp.-Gen. of Hosp. Franklin, Drs. Eenny and MacLeod. 
 
 Aetillert. 
 Brigadier Tennant. 
 
 Engineers. 
 Brigadier Cheape. 
 
 General Staff of the Army. 
 
 Lord Gough, Com. -in-Chief. 
 Lieut.-Col. Gough, C.B., Qr.-Mr. Gen. 
 Major Lugard, Act. Adjt.-G«n. 
 Capt. Otter, Act. Asst. Adjt.-Gen., 
 
 Queeir's" Troops. 
 Lieut.-Col. Grant, Adjt.-Gen. of the 
 
 Ami3'. 
 Major E. Kins, Dep. Adjt.-Gen. of the 
 
 Army. • — 
 Major Tucker, Asst. Adjt.-Gten. of the 
 
 Army. '" 
 Lieut.-Col. Garden, C.B., Qr.-Mr. Gen. 
 
 of the Army. 
 Lieut. Tyttef, Asst. Qr.-Mr. Gen. of 
 
 the ArtS^^ 
 Lieut. Paton, Dep. Asst. Qr.-Mr. G«n. 
 
 of the*3jmy. 
 Lieut.-Col. Bijujh, Judge Adv. Gen. 
 Lieut. John|pn, Dep. Judge Adv. Gen. 
 Capt. Kamsay, Dep. Com. Gen. 
 
 Major Thomson, Asst. Com. Gen. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Curtis, Asst. Com. Gen. 
 
 Capt. Campbell, Paymaster to the 
 Army. 
 
 Capt. Lacy, Postmaster. 
 
 H. Franklin, Esq., Ins. Gen. of H.M's 
 Hospitals. 
 
 Capt. P. Haines, Military Secretary. 
 
 Major Bates, Lieut. Bagot, Capt. Gub- 
 bett, Lievit. Harjjnge, A.D.C. 
 
 Lieut. -Prendergliast, Persian Inter- 
 preter. <.—--■ -- 
 
 Dr. Kenny, Sup. Siu-g., Dr. MacBae, 
 Field Siu-g. - — ' 
 
 Rev. Whiting, Chaplain. 
 
 Present vnth Com. -in-Chief — 
 SirH. Laivrence, Maj. Mackeson, Mr. 
 Cocks, C.S., Capt. Nicholson, Majol: 
 Anstruther, Lieut. Mayne.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 9 ,^, 
 
 ' •? ■ '" " " 
 On the 9th of November, 1848, the force under the ' 
 
 personal command of Lord Gough, breaking up camp 
 
 at Ferozepore, crossed the boundary river Sutlej and ^' , 
 
 entered the territory of the nomi nal rvJ^y pf thp Punji«^'^''fr 
 
 ab, who, under the tutelage of Sir _rrederick _^urrie,^':|,<ul<*- * 
 
 the British Resident, was received by the Commander- ""^^ 
 
 in-Chief at his head-quarters, when, some days later 
 
 the latter lay encamped before his capital, Lahore. 
 
 After a halt of two days, although the heavy guns 
 had not arrived from Delhi, Lord Qiough, moved by 
 the representations of Sir Frederick Ciu-rie, ordered 'y 
 the division of Sir Joseph Thackwell to advance | , ^ 
 across the Eavee. Four days later, a junction with -J 
 the main body under the Commander-in-Chief, which(^^ (»■ 
 followed, was effected at the small village of Noe- 
 wallah, distant about ten miles from the enemy's po- 
 sition at Ram^iiggur, a walled town on the left bank 
 of the Chenab, and distant about three miles irova..„i/ 
 that river — an extensive open plain covered for a con*, 
 siderable distance with a low scrub or jungle inter- 
 vening, with a small tope or grove of trees in the mid 
 distance. 
 
 On the morning of the 22nd November, about 3' 
 o'clock, the Commander-in-Chief, unknown to the ma- 
 jority of his personal staff, placed himself at the head 
 of the advanced force, consisting of the 3rd and 14th 
 Light Dragoons, 5th and 8th Light Cavalry, 12th Ir- 
 regular Cavalry, and the Horse Artillery of Lane and 
 
 
 .^z-
 
 10 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 Warner, — followed by the Infantry Brigade of Godby, 
 with Austen and Dawes' batteries, — the remainder of the 
 / «... force being encamped in rear of Jlamnu^gur, and un- 
 ' '^ ' conscious of the movement, imtil the morning had con- 
 siderably advanced. 
 
 Although the ostensible object of this movement was 
 A a simply to reco nnoitre tli a-jposition of the enemy, it was 
 
 conjectured that an engagement would be precipitated; 
 for it was correctly rumoured that a large portion of 
 ^f^-^T^the Sikh army had encamped on the left bank of the 
 river, while the main body occupied an entrenched po- 
 sition on the right bank. 
 
 While the advanced force was moving upon the former, 
 
 "If- t% the remainder of the army, some hours later, followed 
 
 J ""^i ^ it up, and as the combat that ensued was progressing, 
 
 f""^, took up a position in front of Eamnuggur as spectators 
 
 '\ \^ of the distant fight, albeit obscured by clouds of dust 
 
 '""^ and smoke. 
 
 " As the British force advanced, the Sikh army fell 
 
 back, retiring to the river. The bones of dead camels 
 
 and horses, and embers of recent fires, strewing the road 
 
 . . the report that the enemy had been in great 
 
 force on the left bank." 
 
 ►* i^-
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 11 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 At this season of the year, the Chenab_contracts to ^/*/ t>v A/* 
 comparatively narrow channel, exposing several dry water- ^•^.-_. 
 courses and sandy flats. On the opj)osite side, however, 
 the bank of the river is high. 
 
 In the middle of these flats appeared an islet, called, 
 for convenience, " the Green Island " ; but the retreating 
 waters had left it high and dry, although there were 
 still some stagnant pools around it. 
 
 While the Sikhs, withdrawing from the fire of the 
 British guns, were endeavouring to cross the ford, our 
 cavalry came up with them, and were inflicting some 
 loss, when, from a rising ground in front, the enemy's 
 artillery opened so heavv a fire, that Lane's and Warner's 
 troops of Horse Artillgry found their position untenable 
 and prepared to retire ; but it was found that one of 
 the guns was inextricably sunk in the heavy sand. The 
 enemy perceiving the futile attempts made to save it, 
 increased their fire, and renewed the combat. 
 
 To cover the retreat^of the Artillery, a squadron of 4 '•ui^U-t 
 the ^rd Light Dragoons, mader the command of Ca])t. 
 Ouvry, charged t he enem y near the island already men- 
 
 '>*d
 
 12 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 f, i tioned. " This squadron," says Thackwell, " swept the 
 ^ sandy plain with extraordinary rapidity, and cleared 
 '^'' aside all obstacles with such irresistible impetuosity that 
 the enemy neither opened fire on them, nor offered any 
 formidable opposition." 
 
 "The supposition was that the enemy were para- ^ 
 • * \lyzed"; but it is much more probable that their guns_ 
 
 * yyihad not as yet taken up their subsequent advanced 
 ,|>.^<7 poSitionT 
 
 Some other charges were executed, but to no purpose ; 
 
 for the Sikh infantry lining the nullahs, by their galling 
 
 fire proved the inutility of further attacks, and as the 
 
 }, J troopers were falling a retreat was effected, whereupon 
 
 ,'iyif ' ^lie enemy once more advanced towards the abandoned gna. 
 
 if '^ . 
 
 Irritated at the defiant attitude of the Sikhs, Lieut.- 
 
 Col. Havelock of the 14th Light Dragoons, obtained 
 
 permission to charge with his own corps, supported by 
 
 the 5th Light Cavalry. At the daring onset, the eneroy 
 
 , - I took to flight, hotly pursued _ by Havelock, who now 
 
 (T— "- exceeding his orders, dashed down to the spot where 
 
 the abandoned gun lay in the sand. The horses of the 
 
 pursuers soon, however, became exhausted in the heavy 
 
 ^jsand and mud, and, at the same time, the Sikh guns 
 
 \ -^ t I opened their fire, while their infantry making another 
 
 j stand, offered a stout^ resistance. " Follow me ! " cried 
 
 the gallant Havelock, as he pliuigedi£to_the .masses 
 
 of the foe, never to return. His mutilated body was 
 
 discovered some days later.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 13 
 
 Col. Cureton, commanding the Cavalry, observing theC' • 
 rash valour of the 14th Dragoons, hastened to with- ' 
 draw them from the combat, when the bullet of a ^-^ 
 matchlock man concealed in a nullah pierced his heart. 
 
 Shortly afterwards his naked body was brought to 
 the rear, but not before Capt. Holmes had made a [l A/^/t/y 
 desperate and futile attempt to rescue it. — ^-^ 
 
 Thus fell Brig.-Gen. Cureton, an officer held in the 
 highest resjiect for his soldier-like qualities. 
 
 In this disastrous but glorious charge, the loss was 
 considerable in proportion to the numbers engaged. 
 
 In consequence of the death of Cureton, Sir Joseph^ >^<^ ' - 
 Thackwell was appointed Commandant of Cavalry, and^ .-4s^^i,^ 
 his vacated division (3rd Infantry) was bestowed upon 
 Brigadier Colin Campbell, since better known as the 
 late gallant Lord Clyde. I 
 
 During this combat Col. Alexander, commanding the 
 5th Light Cavalry, while lead ing on his sowars, was 
 struck in his uplifted__sword-arm by a rojmd.shqi^ 
 and fell from his horse, when he would certainly have A ^ ^ 
 been despatched by the enemy, but for the gallantry » i ( -f 
 of Sergt.-Maj. Mallet, who, single-handed, kept them at , ^-'^ ^' 
 bay until succour ca,me. 
 
 Amongst the officers disti nguishe d on this occasion 
 may be mentioned Capts. Fitzgerald and MacMahon,^ g JijLv 
 Capt, Holmes (of the 12th Irregular Cavalry), Malcolm, r »^' 
 
 Tait, Christie, and Chamberlain, the present Sir Neville, ^ I r ' 
 Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Ai-my. •^ /^ '
 
 IaM 
 
 14 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 V I ^ The army was now occupied in erecting batteries in 
 
 ft, I " advance of the camp, and these were gradually pushed 
 
 ^/'^ forward; but they were scarcely within range, in any 
 
 part, of the ene my's gun s, although spent shot came 
 
 close to t he more advanced. 
 
 f The Sikh cavalry hovered about the British position, 
 
 J y and a sharp encounter took place with some foragers 
 
 ' v^ near the ford of Gliurree-lce-PnUmi, where some of the 
 
 enemy's small field-pieces opened fire. 
 
 Meantime, Col. Penny, who was in charge of the 
 heavy train in rea r, was delayed two or three days by 
 /I the discovery that the fo rt of J ubb ur,_ m idway on the 
 British line of communication between Eamnuggur and 
 Lahore, was, strange to relate, garrisoned by a consi- 
 derable force of the enemy, although the British army 
 had passed in ignorance within a few miles of it. Col. 
 Penny proceeding to demolish the fort^_had fired only 
 ; a few rounds when the adventurous garrison surren- 
 itL^ dered at discretion. 
 '><4 f ^°- ^^^ 28th_..iiDvember, Cheyt Singh, brother of 
 rm Uttur Singh, niade his submission, and delivered him- 
 \^ self up to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Immediately afterwards (30th), the heavy gims and 
 Engineer's park, under the command of Col. Penoiy, 
 arrived in camp. 
 it*^"^i-^ council of war was now held, at which it was pro- 
 posed to strike a decisive blow, by detaching a force to 
 y %. turn the enemy's left flank, while the main body of the 

 
 h 
 
 3^i 
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 15 
 
 army made a grand attack in front. In order, however, to 
 carry out this plan, the possession of one of the fords of 
 the Chenab was necessary ; but in the then state of the 
 intelhgence department this was not so easily to be found. 
 
 The three fords between Ramnuggur and Wuzeerabad 
 were Ghuree-ke-Puttun, about eight miles distant ; and up 
 the stream, Euneekhan-ke-Puttun, and Allee Shere-ke- 
 Chuck five miles further on. There was also a ford at Wu- "^ 5 
 
 zeerabad, nearly thirty miles from the camp. " That these *^ 
 fords," says Thackwell, " were not subjected to a minute 
 scrutiny, in which the highest authorities should have 
 actively participated, was afterwards deeply lamented." - 
 
 The commandof the force destined to cross this rapid "^- .;, ,' 
 
 and dark river (as its name signifies), was given to Maj.-*^ -^' 
 
 Gen. Sir Joseph Thackwell (a Peninsular and Waterloow ^Ajikt/^ 
 veteran, who had lost his left arm at the latter battle). ' 
 
 The force itself consisted of three ti'oops of Horse^ [ ^ ->e^ 
 Artillery, two Native light field batteries, two 18-pounders, 1 
 the 3rd Light Dragoons, 5th and 8th Light Cavalry, 3rd 
 and 12th Irregulars, H.M.'s 24th and 61st regiments, and 
 the 25th, 31st, 36th, 46th, 56th, and four companies of 
 the 22nd Native Infantry. 
 
 The pontoon train also accompanied the force ; but, as 
 often has happened, proved unserviceable. 
 
 Accordingly, the force got under arms at 1 a.m. on the 
 1st December (1849), in order to reach the ford of Rimee- 
 khan-ke-Puttun at an early hour, and march down on the 
 Sikh position ; but to provide against unforeseen obstacles, a
 
 16 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 small detachment was despatched to the ford near Wu- 
 A zeerabad, for the purpos e of se curing it, and any native 
 
 ■"/} () boats that might be found there. 
 
 -""''^ The objection to the nearer ford of Grhuree-ke-Puttun 
 
 t ^' was, its close proximity to the enemy, and the probability 
 
 k 
 
 
 of a disj)uted passage. 
 
 The force, in light marching order, accordingly assem- 
 bled, on the right flank of the camp, close to the Wuzeer- 
 abad road. Absolute secrecy, silence, and despatch were 
 
 ,^.the essential conditions of success; but, unfortunately, the 
 I camp followers raised an astounding clamour, while the 
 
 *' 'infantry division of Brig. -Gen. Colin Campbell, unjjro- 
 vided with a guide, became entangled and confused in the 
 intricacies of so large a camp, and did not, in the thick 
 darkness, reach the place of rendezvous before 3 a.m., and, 
 * ..uiider the circumstances, it is a question whether it would 
 -.. not have been wiser to defer the diver sionary_raovement. 
 However, once in motion, the force managed to feel its 
 way slowly over broken ground, in the intense darkness, 
 while its advance was still further impeded by the long 
 halts necessitated by the remarkably slow progress of the 
 pontoon train. At the same time, the preUminary chaos 
 of noisy sounds must have apprised the least vig^ilant of 
 the enemy of some unusual proceeding in the British 
 camp. 
 
 I It was now 11 a.m., when the force reached its destina- 
 tion, the ford of Buneekhan-_ke-Puttun, but the head of 
 the column being out of sight of the river, Thackwell 
 
 V
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 
 
 with his staff, rode down to its bank, to make a recon- 
 naissance. , 
 
 The Chenab, at this j^oint was found divided into four C^^^^^ 
 separate channels, with sandbanks, and, as was said, also 
 dangerous quicksands. So broad was the bed of the 
 river, that the opposite bank was out of range, while, to 
 add to the difficulty, parties of the enemy were descried ^ 
 
 guarding the ford. — 
 
 These proceedings occujiied about three hours, and as 
 all the conditions of success had evidently failed, Brig.- 
 Gen. Camj^bell counselled an immediate return to camp, 
 but Sir Josejjh Thackwell, unwilHng to do so, preferred 
 the alternative of trying the ford at Wuz eerabad , and th.ej^'f(;^J/: 
 march was accordingly resumed. ... ^ ■^■.- ' >: ' 
 
 On reaching the latter ford, it was found that a "party 
 of Nicholson's Irregular Pathan Horse, held seventeen 
 large boats for the transport of the force across the river. 
 
 Thackwell, in his narrative, says, that th e troop s " had i^ i 
 taken advantage of the time devoted to the examination If L-^^ 
 of the fords, to enjoy a meal, rendered all the more 
 welcome by the fact, that they had not tasted any food 
 since the preceding night." But this cannot apj)ly to the 
 whole force, for the writer, who was present with it, tasted 
 nothing until long after the arrival of the troops, about 
 6 p.m., at the ford of Wuzeerabad, when a piece of un- , •) 
 
 leavened bread (chuppattie) was all that he, or his com- 
 panions, could manage to procure, after a protracted march 
 of twenty-five miles. 
 
 2 
 
 «^
 
 18 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 It was now a very dark night ; and, in the mazes of 
 small channels and pools of water, which chequered the 
 loose sands, many a regiment lost its way, while the 
 increasing darkness added to the general confusion, 
 and the knowledge of abounding quicksands, produced 
 a sense of insecurity. 
 
 It is hard to say what might not have befallen the 
 yt^C'-^'? force, had the enemy only taken the trouble to guard this 
 ■ ford, or to form an ambuscade. 
 
 The boats were, however, capacious, and the transporta- 
 tion of a j)ortion of the guns was rapidly effected, in re- 
 liance on the assurance of the Pathans, that there was no 
 appearance of the enemy on the farther bank. 
 
 The 6th Brigade of Infantry (Pennicuick's) which in- 
 cluded H.M.'s 24th Foot, crossed in the boats, while the 3rd 
 • Brigade, under Brigadier Eckford, having waded through 
 the first and second branches of the stream, was unable 
 to proceed farther, and had to bivouac on a sandbank, 
 between the second and third. 
 
 Tait's Horse (3rd Irregulars), crossed the ford, which 
 
 was indicated by stakes ; but, nevertheless, three sowars 
 
 were drowned in the attempt. 
 
 ... . , , Sir Joseph ThackweU, with the remainder of the force, 
 
 r^ (r continued that night, on the left bank of the river, and 
 
 _.„»■•" was enabled to mitigate the severity of the weather by 
 
 lighting fires, and having recourse to the provisions which 
 
 had followed. But the 3rd and 6th Brigades, on the 
 
 opposite bank, after so long and fatiguing a march under
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 19 
 
 a hot sun, were obliged to pass that bit terly cold aa d-dark 
 night without food or fuel, and, in order to escape the 
 piercings wind, some, with their hands scooped out hollows 
 in the sand, in which they found a sHght protection. 
 Here a few shots assured the vigilance of the sentries, 
 but their alarm was groundless. 
 
 Next morning the remainder of the force crossed, — the '■ ' /, 
 
 Infantry and guns by boat, and the Cavalry and Artillery 
 horses, by fording the river, which, in some places rose 
 above the men's knees, the latter having divested them- 
 selves of their overalls. 
 
 The pontoon train, two light field guns, the 12th Irre- 
 gulars, and two companies of the 22nd Native Infantry, as 
 pre-arranged, returned to the camp at Eamnuggur. 
 
 It will probably be suspected, that the security of the ' 
 British- detached force, depended entirely on the negU- 
 gence of the eijemy, and the fideUty of Nicholson's 
 Pathans. 
 
 The commissariat arrangements were, to a certain ex- ■• 
 tent, defective ; and, with one exception, the Quarter-master \ 
 General's Department failed to discharge its functions 
 with its usual intelligence. 
 
 The pontoon train proved a useless encumbrance ; while 
 the providential discovery of ferry boats, at Wuzeerabad, 
 was an accident. ^^ V 
 
 The two general officers were divided in opinion ; and 
 their topographical knowledge could not be said to have 
 
 2 A 
 
 ^^<^
 
 ; 
 
 20 , . . : ? ^^-'-COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 ? /V^" extended beyond the immediate vicinity of the locality 
 ' /which the troops occupied. 
 
 / Every one seemed reliant on another, and nobody 
 appeared to know anything with certainty. 
 
 Considering how well acquainted, even at the very out- 
 
 T^Zj^ set, the Sikhs must have been with the scope of the British 
 
 ' strategy, and that their vigilance throughout the day was 
 
 untiring, it does seem remarkable, that they should, in the 
 
 long run, have shown so much supineness. 
 
 Preparatory to resuming the march, at the request of 
 the second in command, the Sepoys were permitted to 
 take their dinner, a circumstance which caused much 
 delay, and it was 2 p.m. before the force was again in 
 movement. 
 
 In passing over fields of turnips, and by sugar-cane Mets, 
 the European soldiery snatching at these esculents continued, 
 as they went, to supplement their previous frugal meal. 
 
 The order of battle was thus formed: — Three Bri- 
 gades in brigade columns of companies, half distance, 
 left in front, at deploying intervals. White's Cavalry 
 Brigade on the right, and the Irregular Cavalry on the left . 
 Each Infantry Corps was covered by its own skirmishers, 
 while patrols connected the movement with the river. 
 
 After a march of twelve miles, the force reached the 
 mud village of Doorewal at dusk, but as the men's qviilts 
 ptnP'^ had not arrived, they were compelled, once more, to lie on 
 i/ (i^^ the bare ground.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 21 
 
 During the night, a messenger, mounted on a camel, 
 brought a despatch from the Commandej;:rijaxC.hief, de- 
 siring Sir Joseph Thackwell to attack the enemy the ^ 
 following morning, and that he would be prepared to I VJ^ 3 
 make a simultaneous attack in front, — that he was in . ' ''^ 
 secret treaty with the Sikh boatmen for their boats then ,••' 
 moored under the enemy's batteries, and that, moreover, p /> 
 he expected to secure the defection of certain Sikh regi- 
 ments, by dvpl omatic m eans. It is much more probable K 'cImL 
 that, as the event proved, the Commander-in-Chief had "^^ 
 been duped. / 
 
 The useful mirzais, or quilts, with which the army in 
 India is supplied, had, by this time, been brought uj) from 
 the rear, and, in consequence, the reiDOse of the troops, 
 secured against a searching cold, was undisturbed ; 
 therefore, on the following morning, Sunday the,.,^rd/ 
 of December, they had entirely recovered from their^^!^<? jf 
 fatigue combined with want of sufficient food and rest, 
 and advanced in the same order as on the preceding day. 
 
 But, ere the force had j^rogressed a distance of six 
 miles, another communication from Lord Gough was re- 
 ceived by the Commander, who was now__£rohibited from 
 courting collision with the enemy, until reinforced hjjCx^lru^'* 
 Godby's Brigade, which would effect a junction by cross-/ 
 ing at the intermediate ford of Ghurree- ke-P attun. 
 
 In consequence. Sir Joseph Thackwell directed the 
 march of his force on some villages, almost in a line with
 
 22 COMMENT AEIES ON 
 
 the ferry in question ; and, with the view of securing his 
 
 communications with this important point, he despatched 
 
 a wing of the 56th Native Infantry and a portion of 
 
 j^~t^4 Tait's Irregular Horse (3rd I. C.) to protect it, as it 
 ' 7 
 
 appeared to be threatened by a body of the enemy.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 23 
 
 1!^ 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The sky was bright and unclouded, and the warmth of 
 sunshine was welcome, when, on the level grassy plain in 
 front of the village of Sadoolapore, with the three hamlets 
 already referred to before them, the troops piled arms, 
 and fell out, — some to partake of a scanty breakfast from 
 their havresacks, or to smoke, while others, under the 
 genial influence of the atmosphere, surrendered them- 
 selves to sleep, soon forgetting the ijroximity of an enemy/ 
 and in ignorance of his immediate presence, — when, sud^^^ ' t*'*-*' 
 denly, a peculiar sound was heard overhead, and on '"f^ 
 looking up, a shell was discovered bursting in mid-air, 
 between the British line and the villages in front, — a 
 distance of about half a mile of level turf. After this 
 came round shot. 
 
 " It was difficult to believe," says Thackwell, that "this '' i 
 shot was fired by the enemy, for the scouts and patrols 
 had raised no alarm of their approach " ; but, " the 
 shots rapidly increased, and no doubt could any longer 
 exist,'', that an action had commenced, in which, insteadi' '^T^ gf 
 of being the assailants, we were the assailed. ' x f /:
 
 24 COMMEJ^TAEIES ON . 
 
 The force * now stood to their arms ; Infantry deployed ; 
 while the sldrmishers, too far advanced to receive sup- 
 port, were ordered by the G-eneral in Command, to fall 
 -& / ^ ^ Jback, and resume their place in the line. Whether or no 
 ^^,„i,.**^'this retrogression were judicious, has been questioned, for 
 the sldrmishers were equi-distant, or about four hundred 
 yards away from either force, and, by a sudden dash, it 
 is not altogether improbable, that the enemy's masked 
 ' / position, — occupying the three mud villages, Tarwalla, 
 Euttee, and Kamokhail, connected with each other by 
 dense sugar-cane khets (like a bracelet of alternate lava 
 and malachite), — might have been carried. On the other 
 hand, however, the General tTommanding had been taken 
 somewhat by surprise, and was in entire ignorance of the 
 t^ Tf numbers arrayed against his small force. 
 
 " In order to gain a respectable distance from this 
 
 I dangerous covert, the General ordered the line to retire 
 
 ^ I about two hundred yards. The advantage of a (wide 
 
 I i and) clear front, which was secured in some measure by 
 
 ^ f\Af(^ this movement, may be easily conceived ; but the enemy 
 
 i who were rapidly advancing, interpreted this retrograde 
 
 i Vx^ I manoeuvre, into a retr eat." At any rate, their boldness 
 
 ; implied as much. 
 
 The silken standards, now uncased, were floating 
 proudly along the line, and the whole force seemed in- 
 spired with ardour for a closer co nfli ct, when Sir Joseph 
 
 * About 7,000_of^all arms. -s^../^<7J (JL/'A^
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 25- 
 
 Thactwell, counselled by Brig.-Gen. Campbell, who rode 
 beside him, " ordered jthe Infantrj to throw themselves 1^ ,£ 
 down upon theground, — a precaution which saved th e life ^ — .f— 
 of many a man" ; for, even in this position, cannonaded for ^_ 
 some hours, without a gun on the British side replying, ■ 
 
 several lives were sacrificed to the excellent ricochet 
 practice of the enemy. 
 
 Thus holding its ground in the open plain, with the 
 right flank thrown slightly back, en potence, the British 
 force patiently received the fire of the enemy, from about-^' '^ ^' 
 11 o'clock until nearly 4 in the afternoon, when, at last, a • 
 the British Artillery opened fire. 
 
 In the meantime, while the enemy maintained his heavy 
 cannonade, and volumes of smoke were rising from his 
 guns, — partially concealed by the green sugar-cane khets, — ■ 
 into the_2U£e atmosphere, the British line, without th^ 
 advantage of the slightest cover, received his ricochet 
 shots as it lay on the_gTass. 
 
 On t he left, "where the high bank of the Chenab," says ' 
 Thackwell, "and a nullah, or dry watercourse afforded) , 
 some advantage to the enemy, a plantation of sugar-canel 
 was occupied by the latter, whereupon, a British Briga-j 
 dier was observed to be form ing contiguous close column,'/ 
 — a dangerous movement, at once checked by the General' ' ^ fl^^ 
 in Command. f^ "i^^ 
 
 The same writer describes the " beating of to m-toms, / ^ 
 discordant horns, and wild yells of defiance," which pro-
 
 26 , COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 A,, ceeded from the Sikh position, but they were, certainly, 
 
 not audible to the Infantry. 
 
 ^ From one of his masked batteries, the enemj_opened fire 
 
 on a patrol of the 5th Light Cavalry, and, about the same 
 
 time, atterapted to turn both flanks of the small British 
 
 I fH force, which, not exceeding, all told, 7,000, in a weak and 
 
 fT- exposed position, was a task that seemed by no means im- 
 
 >T practicable. But Warner's Horse Artillery, supported by 
 
 I <^ , the 5th Light Cavalry, having been promptly moved to 
 
 jj. » il.the left, to reinforce Biddulph's Irregular Cavalry, the 
 
 I enemj recoiled. 
 
 \^^^ On the right^ a similar attempt was frustrated by 
 
 •^/At" Christie' sH orse Art illery, the 3rd Light Dragoons, and 
 
 ^,^^ 8th Light Cavalry ; and, after losing a few sowars in a 
 
 £ skirmish, the enemy's horseretired on his Infantry. , 
 
 ^ The British Cavalry on the right, was now ordered toj / / j 
 
 . 1 j't y^Jarge, and, if possible, capture the enemy's guns ; but, as 
 "^"""^ no opportunity presented for them to do so, and as the 
 ' f day was already on the wane, the orderwas cancelled, — this 
 
 ft 
 
 being deemed advisable, as the exact position of the latter 
 was imperfectly understood, although it was known that 
 his centre and right were strongly posted. 
 
 By sunset, a profound silence reigned on both sides ; 
 and, as darkness was rapidly approaching, and the sleep- 
 ing quilts of the men had arrived, the latter rolled up 
 singly in the absence of any better cover, were formed 
 into a frail breastwork, as it were, in front of the line,
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 27 
 
 and behind it, the Infantry, having partaken of a scanty 
 meal, lay down to rest. 
 
 Some incidents , not altogether unworthy of a passing 
 remark, occurred during this engagement, as, for example, 
 the following : — 
 
 Major Harris, of the 24th Foot, had his horse shot 
 under him by a ricoc het shot ; and, at the close of the day, -> 'f/t*- 
 some men of the 61st Foot were sufficiently unprejudiced 
 against equine food, to make broth of portions of the poor 
 animal. 
 
 One of the earliest casualties occurred in this wise : — 
 One of the sergeants with the colours, rising from his f 
 recumbent posture on his elbows, was instantly struck I 
 full in the face by a round shot and killed on the spot,^^, 
 his brains bespattering one of the s tandards. ^"^^A 
 
 Then, there is Thackwell's graphic description of a 
 Brigadier taking his frugal breakfast, quietly, and re- ,\ 
 fleeting, seriously, on the profanity of doing battle on the 
 seventh day, — a thought admirable, but ill-timed. 
 
 Nothing farther occurred, until about midnight, when 
 the loud barking of dogs in the villages ahead, indicated 
 some movement on the part of the enemy ; and, next 
 morning, instead of a renewal of the action, as the General 
 had anticipated, it was discovered, that the Sikhs had / ' ^ 
 retreated. 
 
 There can be little doubt that the advance of Thack-y ^ ( 
 well compelled the Sikhs to retire; and it is surprising 
 that, with all the latter's advantages, they did not venture
 
 28 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 a combat at close quarters, considering the extremely 
 weak position occui^ied bj the British, and for which, in 
 his despatch, the Greneral_apolo^ises. The latter could 
 scarcely say, like the Athenian, " With this Fortune had 
 
 ^yv'-vl^o^^i^g to do ! " i 
 
 ' ' Matters, as they often do, righted themselves ; and the 
 
 I pious mind acknowledges that, whatever happens is for 
 ' the best. 
 ^ J >' But sufl&cient to counterbalance alltheerrors of gene- 
 ts '^f ralship, was the lively spirit of the troops, with whom 
 ^J^- novelty in the toils of war, seemed sufficient to dissipate "^ 
 '*>^ all other reflections. •» 
 
 i, JL During this action, the enemy did not bring up his 
 ^-^ ' *^ masses to the front ; " and," says the General in his de- 
 I spatch, " my brave, steady, and ardent Infantry, whom I 
 \ had caused to lie down to avoid the heavy fire, had no 
 \ chance of firing a shot, except a few companies of the left 
 \ of the line." 
 
 The enemy's loss was probably not so severe as the 
 General was led to suppose; while that of the British 
 amounted to only seventy-three men, and forty-eight horses 
 killed and wounded. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief appears to have been under 
 the impression that, during the night after this engage- 
 ment, the Sikhs had "precipitately fled, concealing or 
 carrying with them their artillery, and exploding their 
 magazines," and had, in their disorderly retreat, " sub- 
 sided into three divisions," which, as Sir Joseph Thackwell 
 
 1 
 
 h^
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 29 
 
 says, — relying on the reports brought to him, " have be- / 
 come more a flight than_a_retreat j and, I understand a; 
 great number of them, not belonging to the revolted 
 Khalsa, have dispersed and returned to their homes." 
 
 In truth, no one at the time knew what had become of _ ' ; 
 the enemy ; and, in order to ascertain, as was supposed, > 
 that they had taken the direction of Dinghee, towards the 
 Jhelum, Lord Gough despatched next morning^from 
 Eamnuggur, the 9th Lancers and 14th Dragoons inA/^f 
 " pursuit." "*"* *^/ f 
 
 Meantime, the Commander-in-Chief having ascertained 
 that the force under Sir Joseph Thackwell had crossed 
 the Chenab and was in movement, on the 2nd December, 
 opened a heavy cannonade on the Sikh position opposite 
 E-amnuggur, which was returned by only a few guns that 
 guarded effectually the ford, and were so placed, that, 
 although the practice of our Artillery was admirable, we 
 could not, from the width of the river, silence them. 
 
 But the enemy's fire gradually slackened, and then 
 altogether ceased ; when, as was afterwards * ascertained, 
 the Sikhs had fal len back about two m iles. ^ ^^-^C^sx./^ 
 
 The Commander jn-Chief, however, continued to push for- 
 ward his breast works as well as batteries, the same night, 
 to the left bank of the river, and having thus secured 
 the ford, by daylight on the 3rd, he detached Godby's 
 
 * By Capt. Robbins, who, on tlio night oftho 3rd, subjected the "? 
 ford and opposite bank to minute inspection. ; 
 
 5-?
 
 30 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 Brigade of Infantry, six miles up the river, to effect a 
 junction with Thackwell's force. But this design failed 
 through various causes. 
 
 It appears that Godby encountered greater difficulties 
 than the Commander-in-Chief had anticipated, in his 
 attempts to cross the ford. The water was found too 
 deep to admit of the troops wading through it. The 
 pontoon train could not be fixed ; and, as before, boats 
 again formed the last resource. Thus, about 5 p.m., the 
 work of embarkation commenced, just as the action at 
 Sadoolapore was closing, and, by 8 p.m., only one corps, 
 the 2nd Europeans, had actually crossed the ferry of 
 Runneekhan-ke-Puttun, which, it may be remembered, 
 Thackwell had found impracticable on the 1st December. 
 f I This corps bivouacked during the night, and it was not 
 , '■ i until 9 a.m. on the 4th, that Godby effected the desirable 
 l^ I junction. 
 
 ^^ In the meantime, besides the detachment sent to Eunee- 
 
 khan-ke-Puttun to cover the passage of Godby's rein- 
 forcements, a considerable guard was withdrawn from the 
 field, to protect the baggage in rear of Sadoolapore, and, 
 in consequence, the force that remained to engage the 
 enemy, " was thoroughly inadequa te to the task imposed 
 upon it" 
 
 But it is questionable, whether the efforts of the enemy 
 against Thackwell were at any time serious. The Sikhs 
 opposed to the latter, were estimated by Sir He nry Law- I 
 rence, whose knowledge of the Punjab was accurate, 
 
 «^
 
 U- 
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 31 
 
 not to have exceeded 10,000, whereas, it was supposed 
 that the whole of the enemy's force was present. 
 
 The object of She re Singh appears merely to have been 
 diversionary, in order to cover the strategical movement 
 of the main body in rear ; and, therefore, had the British 
 Commiander at first occupied the three villages in his 
 front, when they were not as yet in the enemy's hands, 
 — considering how close his skirmishers were to them, — 
 a better position might have been secured, if not a de- / /> 
 cided advantage. But, on the other hand, with noto- <•'* J 
 riously defective information, and unsujjported by Godby's 
 Brigade, such a movement might have been hazardous ; 
 and yet, what position could well be imagined weaker 
 and more dangerous than that which was preferred ? ;^ •''' 
 
 In his despatch of the 5th December, Lord Gough says, • "^ 
 " Having communicated to Sir Josejjh Thackwell my , 
 views and intentions, and although giving discretionary / , .' 
 powers to attack any jDortion of the Sikh force sent to / '' 
 oppose him, I expressed a wish that, when he covered the 1 
 crossing of Bi'igadier Godby's Brigade, he should await \ 
 their junction, except the enemy attempted to retreat. I 
 This induced him to halt when within three or four miles 
 of the left of their position." 
 
 The confusion in the ofiicial chronology of the Piuijab 
 campaign, is thus explained by the author of " The Second 
 Sikh War." '^ ■ 
 
 " *' General Thackwell's despatch descriptive of his actioar c 
 (Sadoolapore), was not pubUshed till after the battle of I
 
 32 COMMENT AEIES ON 
 
 Chillianwalla. The document was transmitted to Lord 
 Gough three or four days after the fight ; it contained, 
 however (so the authorities declared), a serious infor- 
 mality," inasmuch as he had thanked Mr. John Angels, 
 a volunteer, who although deemed by the General worthy 
 of honorable mention, being a civilian, had been described 
 as an extra aide-de-camp. 
 
 This was certainly an error, but as it might at once 
 ^ have been corrected, the true cause of the suppression^ o.f, 
 the desj^atch must be looked for elsewhere, nor is it 
 difiicult to find. 
 
 Thus was effected " the Passage of the Clienab."
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 33 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 On the 4th December, the Infantry of Thackwell's force,^^^^ 
 having been allowed to take a hurried breakfast, received 
 orders to follow the Cavalry, which had previously, unde* 4 ^-^,^ 
 the personal command of the General himself, proceeded ft -•o-jj^, 
 in advance, with the ostensible object of Jiarassing ^ the 
 
 f nerjny's retreat bj the Jhelum, Jullalpore, and Pind 
 
 Dadan Khan roads ; and at length the force, reinforced by 
 the 9th Lancers and 14th Light Dragoons, encamped, 
 about sunset, at a village on the road to Jullalpore, and 
 distant about eleven miles from the Chenab. 
 
 During the march, which was necessarily slow, the -i 
 
 nips pulled up while traversing the cultivated fields^ ' 7 
 
 troops had subsisted on coarse chuppatties, and raw tur-/ ^ 
 
 Nothing had been seen of the enemy, and next morning . 
 j^5-th December), Thackwell moved forward to Heylah, one*" 
 of those numerous mud villages, which, in the Punjab, 
 have arisen on the accimiulated debris of others which had ;/. 
 
 . V . 
 
 probably occupied the same site s from time imm emorial. 
 Some of these, in the flat scenery of the Doabs, present 
 rather an imposing aspect. 
 
 3
 
 34 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 On the confines of this wild and gloomj expanse, 
 bounded by the rugged peaks of the " Salt Range," 
 ^'tf f*^ Thactwell sent two corps of Cavalry to reconnoitre the . 
 • /- road to Dinghee, and three others, including the 14th 
 1% I Light Dragoons, with a troop of Horse Artillery, towards 
 Jullalpore ; the latter observed two bodies of the enemy, 
 apparently 400, and 800 strong, which, at the distance, 
 suggested the idea that they were the rear- guard of the 
 Sikh army. But it was found impossible to obtain re- 
 liable information of the enemy's real movements, while 
 the villagers asserted that Shere Singh had already crossed 
 the Jhelum. 
 
 As, at Sadoolapore, Sir Joseph Thackwell expressed re- 
 gretjt-at not having overtaken any of the enemy's troops 
 or guns ; nor is such a regret surprising, when it is con- 
 sidered what the real state of the matter proved to be. 
 At that time, all relating to the enemy's designs and 
 y movements seemed to be wrapped in the most profound 
 obscurity, so much so, indeed, that it is scarcely an ex- 
 I aggeration to say, that all the operations of the British 
 were marked by hesitation and inaccuracy, tending to 
 shake the confidence of troops less attached to their 
 leader. But the faith of the army was profound in the 
 personal gallantry and ultimate success of the brave Lord 
 Gough, so that, although victory came by surprise, as well 
 
 * See his Despatch.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 
 
 35 
 
 as the loss of opportunities, the men were satisfied to A 
 
 attribute this uncertainty to the cause assigned by the \^ ' 
 Author of " The Second Sikh War," namely, that every 
 movement of the army was directed by a supreme civil 
 authority, some hundreds of miles from the scene of 
 operations, and that the veteran Commander was, in truth, 
 under the tutelage of a young officer who, as representa- 
 tive of the Governor-General, controlled all his move- 
 ments, and allowed him only a discretionary power when 
 a crisis had been, against his own judgment, precipitated, 
 or the occasion for striking a blow allowed to pass, in 
 view of some pohtical scheme which, as might have been 
 seen, never could have come to maturity. 
 
 The British camp at Heylah was, in truth, only distant . 
 about ten miles from that of the Sikhs, and during the // 
 
 long period of inaction in this position, the latter's guns Iv^j!^^ 
 were often heard in the distance. 
 
 Gradually, as the dense belt of jungle in front yielded 
 to the advances of the wood -cutters, several desultory 
 skirmishes occurred between the patrols and the enemy's 
 Ghorchurhas ; and, one day, a body of about two hundred 
 Sikhs attacked a small convoy, which sought safety in 
 flight. But the outlying picquets were never attacked, 
 and the British camp itself, presented an aspect almost of 
 repose, if not of monotony. 
 
 In the meantime, Lieut. Young of the Engineers, having i ^Y^ 
 constructed an excellent bridge of boats over the Chenab, i|_y-Ty 
 at Eamnuggur, the direct line of communication with 
 
 3 A . \ 
 
 A%^^\ 
 
 >' L 
 
 7»-J
 
 ,ji^ii^ 
 
 T^-V^ 
 
 (J 
 
 36 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 Lahore, the British "base of oijerations, was completed, 
 and the Commander-in-Chief crossed the river on the 
 Jyf^ 18th December, and encamped within a distance of three 
 miles of Heylah. The same day, Shere Singh advanced a 
 force of about 10,000 men to Dinghee, and seemed to 
 threaten a movement on the Wuzeerabad ford, which 
 would seriously have compromised the British position. 
 Lord Gough, therefore, purposed to march on Googerat, 
 and transmitted to Sir Joseph Thackwell his orders to 
 conform to the movement. But this design was almost 
 immediately abandoned, and instead. Brigadier Pope, with 
 three guns and two Light Cavalry corps, was despatched 
 to occupy the town and adjacent fords of Wuzeerabad, in 
 order to secure that line of communication with Lahore, 
 and, at the same time, to prevent reinforcements reaching 
 the enemy from the capital, which was filled with in- 
 surgents. 
 
 On the 19th December, a salute of forty or fifty guns 
 g ^ ' 'v' in the Sikh camp -was supposed to announce the fall of , 
 I - C At tock, a nd the adhesion of the Ameer of Cabul to the 1 
 (T ^if//"ca use of the Sikh s. / 
 
 About this period. Brigadier White, with his Cavalry, 
 
 f /* IIt^^^ ordered to intercept Narain Singh, a Sikh chieftain, 
 
 '* reported to be on his way from Mooltan, with men and 
 
 . guns to join Shere Singh, but the movement proved 
 
 ' 7 abortive. 
 
 A rumour was now spread, that great scarcity both of 
 
 
 A ifood and money prevailed in the enemy's camp, and that
 
 '^iC 
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 37 
 
 reinforcements from Peshawur had refused to cross the 
 Jhelum until they should receive pay. But neither report 
 seems to have had any real fotmdation, — for much less 
 suffices for the support of a Native army in the field than 
 for a European ; and it seems improbable that, at such a 
 conjuncture, a question of money was uppermost in the 
 thoughts of the auxiliary force, in the face of a struggle^^ i f<ft/ 
 for empire. 
 
 At the same time, two troops of Horse Artillery, which 
 Chutt er Singh had received as a gift from the British /^ c/fi 
 Government (and which were thoroughly disciplined and / . 
 efficient), at an earlier period, for the purpose of checking _ 
 any aggression on tlie part of the Afghans, — were now 
 brought by his father to Shore Singh, and afterwards did 
 severe execution on the troops of the donors, — the Sikhs 
 serving them with admirable skill, and almost religious 
 veneration. 
 
 Moreover, many Sepoys disbanded on the reduction * 
 of Bengal Infantry Corps, still in the prime of life, and 
 seeking for service anywhere, flocked to the hostile A 
 standard. ^ ' 
 
 * Short service, without pension, tends now (1876) to the same 
 results. We discipline a Sepoy, and, when he is most serviceable, 
 we relegate him to the Nizam or the Nepaul ralers. t
 
 38 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 ^ Majoe Mackeson, the Governor-General's political agent, 
 
 ' / ^ on the 10th of January, having communicated to the 
 
 Commander-in-Chief, the fall of Attock, and the advance 
 
 JLj>t^ of Sirdar Chutter Singh with reinforcements for his son 
 
 t A*^*' Shere Singh, whose force was estimated at from 30,000 to 
 
 ^jJLv*'*' 40,000 men, with sixty-two guns, thus concluded his 
 
 ^^ft/ letter : — " I would urge, in the event of your Lordship's 
 
 ' f finding yourself strong enough, with the army under your 
 
 ■^ J/^ommand, to strike an effectual blow at the enemy in our 
 
 '^ front, and that the blow should be struck with the least 
 
 possible delay." 
 
 In consequence of this suggestion, Lord Gough ad- 
 vanced from Loah Tibbah,* at daylig ht _on the 12th, to 
 Dinghee, a distance of about twelve miles. Here, learn- 
 ing from spies and other sources of information, that 
 Shere Singh still held, with his right, the village of 
 Lukhneewalla and Futtehshah-ke-Chuck, the main body 
 of his force being at Woolianwalla, and the left resting 
 
 * A village in the position at Heylah.
 
 ^'i.7/ 
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN, t )Js 39 
 
 on the strong position of Russool, on the Jhelum, his 
 Lordship, who had some time previously been informed 
 of the impracticable nature of the country, for all arms, 
 proceeded to re connoitr e. 
 
 The following morning, the British force again ad- - ^ 
 vanced. ~ 
 
 Here it was ascertained that the Sikh army, under Shere 
 Singh, had taken up a position between the village of 
 Futtehshah-ke-Chuck, and the low hills of Russool, on 
 which its left flank rested. 
 
 This range of hills presents a sloping aspect to the 
 plains ; but, as was afterwards discovered, on the side 
 towards the Jlielum, it forms innumerable ravines and 
 fissures, and is abruptly terminated by precipitous bluifs 
 along the sandy flats and channels of the river. The 
 sj)urs of these hills were crowned by extensive earth- 
 woi'ks, which, however, were not, during the action which 
 subsequently took place, approached. 
 
 A broad, and, in some parts, extremely dense jungle, 
 principally of thorny bushes, occasionally attaining to the 
 height of seven or eight feet, stretches in a south-easterly 
 direction, but does not preserve the same density in the 
 direction of Dinghee, its wildest character ceas ing at the : 
 
 village of Chillianwalla. • ,>- 
 
 — — \C' 
 
 About this time, the presence of a large body of Cash-lU- 
 
 mere troops, under Colonel Steinbach, at Meerpore, on the] * ■ ■*t^ 
 right bank of the Jhelum, was a source of uneasiness, audi (':q/-m/ 
 
 "t^t^'
 
 4Q " COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 ' altliough it was said that Grolab Singh had directed thac 
 
 they should create a diversion ija .favour of the British^ - 
 1 their attitude was sufficiently doubtful, to justify Lord 
 \ Gough's protest against their approaching the scene of 
 1 operations. 
 
 It was one of those pleasant mornings peculiar to the 
 cold season in Upper India, that ushered in the eventful 
 13th of January. The air was still and bracing, and the 
 increasing warmth of sunshine, in an almost unclouded 
 atmosphere, produced the glow so welcome, after the cold 
 of the early dawn. 
 
 Bugles and trumpets were sounding their familiar regi- 
 mental calls, tents were rapidly struck, and the troops 
 seemed thoroughly aware of the object of the approaching 
 movement ; and, in justice to that portion of them, de- 
 scribed by the author of a " Narrative of the Second Sikh 
 War," as having, the night before, been "re-iterating 
 prognostications in a tone of vaunting superiority, that 
 the sun would not set twice on the concentrated forces of 
 the proud Khalsa," — it ought to be said, by one who had 
 a better opportunity of knowing the corps more particu- 
 larly referred to,j that no such tone existed in it, either 
 on the day of battle, or that preceding it. 
 
 The British force now advanced in contiguous columns 
 of brigades, with artillery in the intervals, and made a 
 considerable detour to the right, in the direction of Moong, 
 " partly," says the subsequent despatch, " in order to
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 41 
 
 distract the enemy's attention, but principally to get ... * ^*^ 
 clear of the jungle, on which it would appear the enemy > 
 
 mainly relied." How far these reasons were justified, 
 under the circumstances, may be discovered in the 
 sequence of events.
 
 42 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 e 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 The British were now approaching that dense, and, to 
 them, iinknown jungle tract stretching to the left bank 
 of the Jhelum or Hydaspes, memorable as the battle-field 
 where, upwards of 2,000 years before, coming from the 
 north-west, Alexander the G-reat had vanquished the host 
 of Porus, in a combat, which, on the authority and show- 
 ing of Arrian, must avouch to all posterity, the genius of 
 the Macedonian hero. 
 
 It was about noon when the force reached the mound 
 ^ close to the village of Chillianwalla, where a strong out- 
 post of the enemy's Cavalry and Infantry was observed. 
 The 24th Foot immediately proceeded to dislodge them, 
 ^ but they avoided colhsion, and rapidly retired. It was on 
 J '\ this occasion, and not afterwards, that Colonel Brookes 
 . Jcried out, waving hisj sword, " Follow me, my men, and 
 't-'^*'|with God's help we'll gain a glorious victory!" This 
 I incident is of importance, as it has been recorded as one 
 1 th e causes of confusion in the subsequent advance, with 
 which, however, it had no connection. 
 
 From the mound now occupied by Lord Gough and his 
 staff, and, likewise, from some lofty trees near the village
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 43 
 
 of Chillianwalla, an extensive view of the country in front 
 v?i'.3 obtained, and the army of Shere Singh, amounting to, ^ 
 
 it is said, ^between 30,000 and 40,000 men, with about 54<^ 
 sixty (sixty-two) guns, drawn out in battle array, and J}^ I 
 occupying an advanced position, which had been taken up ..- 
 
 that morning, seemed like a line of white surf on the 
 farther confines of the dark jungle which separated the • 
 two armies by the distance of about a mile. 
 
 Shere Singh appears, on discovering the object 
 
 
 Lord Gough's flank march towards Eussool, at once to^ / . ,>J 
 have anticipated it, and by throwing forward his right,/ , . . 
 to have compelled him to accept battle on ground of his '^ ^ 
 own choosing. The importance of this manoeuvre, how- 
 ever, does not appear to have been immediately re- ' 
 cognised, and the British Commander, having abandoned ■ 
 his intention of awaiting the morrow nearer Dinghee, 
 
 where water was found to be scarce, now judged it ex- 
 pedient boldly to pitch his camp in line with the small 
 mud village of Chillianwalla, where, at any rate, there 
 were several wells. 
 
 The regiments had piled arms, while the Engineers were / 
 examining the country in front, and the Quarter- Master // 
 General was in the act of taking up ground for the en-' .. 
 campment, when the enemy advanced some guns and , 
 
 opened fire. A round shot fell close to the Commander^ ' T^^ 
 in-Chief, who at once ordered the heavy guns, from their^ *v^y 
 position in front of the village of Chillianwalla, to return 
 the enemy's fire. But, instead of silencing the latter, as
 
 44 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 had been expected, the enemy replied with nearly the 
 whole of his field artillery, and thus revealed his true 
 position, which the jungle had partially concealed. 
 
 It has been said that the Sikh leader had determined 
 
 HftO allow the British to encamp in such dangerous proxi- 
 mity, but that the impatience or indiscretion of his 
 r I Art illery officers had frustrated this design. Now, how- 
 "W / ever, when the heavy guns of the British promptly 
 ^« ' rephed, this stratagem_being..foiled, Shere Singh lost no 
 *vA^ time in bringing every available gun into action, thus 
 Lju''" exposing his position, which had been, hitherto, to some 
 extent masked by the jungle. 
 
 It was now about 3 o'clock ; the day was far advanced, 
 and the exposure to a night attack on ground imperfectly 
 known, seemed so hazardous, that order of battle was 
 at once formed. 
 
 Sir Walter Raleigh Gilbert's division occupied the 
 right, flanked by Brigadier Pope's brigade of Cavalry, 
 strengthened by the 14th Dragoons, and three troops of 
 Horse Artillery under Lieut.-Col. Grant. 
 
 f^,^ The heavy grnis were in the centre, under Major Hors- 
 ford, with whom were Bt. Major Ludlow and Sir E. 
 Shakspear. Brig. -Gen. Campbell's division formed the 
 left, flanked by Brigadier White's brigade of Cavalry, 
 and three troops of Horse Artillery under Lieut.-Col. 
 Brind. 
 
 The field batteries were with the Infantry divisions, 
 between the intervals of brigades.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 45 
 
 The reserve was under Brigadier Penny, and Briga- 
 dier Hearsey protected the baggage. 
 
 While these arrangements were being carried out, a 
 heavy, but as afterwards appeared, ineffectual fire, was 
 02)ened by the heavy guns, directed, but under the circum- 
 stances, with uncertainty, against the enemy's centre, where 
 his guns appeared to be principally massed, and this firey'"^/^t 
 was supported, on the flanks, by the field batteries of the 
 Infantry divisions. 
 
 This cannonade having been maintained for about half f^ 
 
 an hour, — probably without effect on either side, — Lord , t Jr 
 Gough determined to advance. 
 
 Brig. -Gen. Campbell's division now received orders to 
 attack, and a S taff Officer, according to the narrative of 
 Thackwell, " in breathless haste," rode up to that gallant 
 
 7* 
 
 veteran and " ordered him to carry the guns in his front, 
 at the point of the bayonet." Considering that an un- 
 known jungle had to be traversed for a mile, before actual 
 contact with the enemy could be effected, the propriety of 
 such an order, delivered by one whose name has never 
 transpired, may be questioned, as well as the incident 
 itself. Be that, however, as it may, the Brigadier-General i 
 
 rode up in front of the 24th Foot, and addressed the men V^ 
 in these words, — " There must be no firing, the bayonet -^,1*,^ 
 must do the work ! " &c. He then rode away to the left, - ' 
 where he personally suj)erintended the advance of 
 Hoggan's brigade. 
 
 In the meantime, Maj.-Gen. Gilbert and Brigadier Pope
 
 r 
 
 :l 
 
 46 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 had, almost simultaneously, received orders to advance on 
 the right. 
 
 Immediately after Brig. -Gen. Campbell had addressed 
 the 24th, that regiment was put in motion, and when the 
 right had cleared the village of Chillian walla, just where 
 the jungle began to increase in density, ground was taken 
 more than once to the right flank by echellon of com- 
 panies, and in consequence, under the circumstances, as 
 each company was of unusual strength, in re-forming 
 line, overlapping occurred by the loss of distance, while 
 the long rows of loose thorny hedges clinging to the 
 men's legs and dragging after them, increased the un- 
 steadiness, primarily caused by the impossibility to hear, 
 at the extremities of the line, the words of command, as 
 they were given from the centre of the corps. Moreover, 
 the men of the 24th, unlike those of other European 
 corps, went into action in full dress, and with the old- 
 fashioned and inconvenient tall chaco, scores of which 
 were subsequently lost in the advance, and particularly at 
 the moment of impact with the enemy. 
 Sa^ ^ length, the jungle became denser at every step, and 
 y the keekur and kureel bushes higher. The advance was 
 continued at a rapid pace, and in such an alignment as 
 the various companies, now broken into sections or files, 
 -^^ , could manage to preserve, acting on the independent 
 judgment of individuals, and the habit of previous 
 ^ \ training. 
 
 After this advance, almost at random, had been con-
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 47 
 
 tinued for about 1,800 |paces, the jungle suddenly — -" 
 ceased ; and when the regiment, pounded incessantly with 
 round shot by an unseen enemy, emerged from it, 
 rapid discharges of grape and canister, swept away whole 
 sections. 
 ••, y v^ In front, the enemy's position was protected by a 
 natural glacis, a gentle grassy incline, forming a gradient 
 of about six feet in fifty yards, rising from a net-work 
 of pools of water with abrupt margins, and between these 
 were many trees with pendant branches, almost entirely 
 denuded of foliage. 
 
 There was no time to pause, and take breath, even had 
 that been necessary, and the line now dispersed and 
 broken in the advance, — in consequence of the men having 
 been unable to pass through or over the num erou s and <^~^ r" 
 high clumps of imjDervious thorns, — made a rns h^ for thfS • ^hT*^ 
 ^guns. Many fell at this moment, under discharges of J 
 grape, and, but for the rapidity of the onset, many more 1 
 must have fallen. The pools of water in front of the 
 enemy's battery obliged some to make a detour, and in 
 doing so, a few began to load _and fire, — the pendant 
 branches of the trees swept off the tall chacos of others, — 
 the air soughed like the wind with the flight of bullets. 
 All order in the wild mclce was gone amongst the con- 
 fused and scattered groups, as they rushed upon the 
 enemy, and, in a short fierce struggle, enveloped in the 
 gloom of the smoke, which, from some atmospheric cause,
 
 HTuTi 
 
 48 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 ' still clung about the guns, captured the latter, at the 
 ^ VS I point of the bayonet. 
 
 ' So impetuous was the assault, that the enemy at once 
 f} gave way, while the men of the 24th, instead of following 
 
 '^up their success, committed the error of staying to spike 
 the guns. The delay was fatal to the victors, for the van- 
 
 f quished, now realising the paucity of their numbers, 
 quickly rallied, and reinforced by infantry from behind, 
 recovered possession of the battery in a short and violent 
 hand to hand conflict, in which the gleam of bayonets 
 
 . and flashing of tulwars were conspicuous. 
 
 ^ The cotip d'ceil of the field of Chillianwalla, from the 
 point of view of a spectator standing on the mound in 
 rear of the village, or in the village itself, may be thus 
 described : — 
 
 As the extended red line of Pennicuick's Brigade 
 plunged into the depths of the dark jungle, it was for a 
 c J time lost to the eye. Here and there, the gleam of a 
 bayonet, or a red coat struggling onwards, appeared for 
 a moment, and again disappeared. A death-like silence 
 reigned, broken only by the booming of giuis. 
 
 Rising as it were on the farther limits of this dark 
 ocean of verdure, the white clouds of smoke from the 
 enemy's guns might have been taken for the foam of 
 breakers on the far-off shore, but for the rush overhead 
 of roimd shot, and the dull thud, as each successively 
 struck the ground.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 49 
 
 Then, as nearer and nearer the gleam of bayonets, and 
 the red coats approached the guns in front, the welkir 
 sighed with the storm of missiles passing through it. 
 
 At last, the extremity of that part of the jungle was 
 reached, and innumerable scattered groups emerged from 
 it, to find themselves in an open space immediately in front 
 of the enemy's guns, from which many were separated by 
 long and intricate pools of water. Amongst these a few 
 trees, denuded of foliage by the fire, arose here and there. 
 
 For a moment, there was a pause to consider these 
 obstacles, — and then a rush. Sections fell prostrate under 
 a storm of grape, but the survivoig-^re ssed f orward, 
 and at the moment of impact with the enemy, the 
 artillery fire ceased ; and, in the apparent lull of the 
 storm, hoarse murmurs arose in that smoky atmosphere I 
 which told of the death-struggle, haiidjto han^ 
 
 This was soon over ; and the S ikhs, scatt ered and in 
 disorder, fell back in the gloom, like dusky shadows, and 
 the red uniforms of the British alone were conspicuous 
 in the work of sp iking the gu ns ; when, suddenly, a \ 
 shout arose, — the dusky forms again dashed at their ! 
 decimated assailants, now surprised in the moment of 
 victory. A short struggle ensued ; and the wreck of that 
 gallant corps, the 24th, might have been seen hurled 
 back into the jungle, and retreating on the village from I 
 which it had advanced, pursued, a short distance, by the I 
 Ghorchurhas, who, however, warned of the approach of 
 a new danger, reined in their horses, and galloped back 
 
 4 J
 
 50 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 to meet the assault of another brigade, now emerging in 
 the same manner from the jungle on the left. 
 
 It is an error to say, that "a fearfu l mas sacre was 
 enacted" on the retreating brigade. The enemy can 
 scarcely be said to have p ursued i t, for he was almost 
 immediately diverted from doing so, by the onslaught of 
 Hoggan's and Mountain's brigades. The wounded were 
 
 1 doubtless despatched in many instances ; but the Sikhs 
 
 j had no time allowed them to follow up the butchery. 
 
 Pennicuick and his son, both officers of the 24th, fell 
 just as they reached the guns. A stalwart Sikh was in- 
 flicting gashes on the body of the former, who had been 
 prostrated by a shot, when the son, a boy of seventeen, 
 who had that morning come off the sick list, rushed for- 
 
 'ward, and bestriding the lifeless body of his heroic 
 father, dealt anjiVenging blow. But, overpowered, he too 
 
 \fell dead. This episode is given on Thackwell's authority. 
 I ;' Colonel Brookes, who had recently exchanged from the 
 69th Foot, and had been on furlough in consequence of 
 his marriage, arrived only a few days prior to the action, 
 and assumed command. He was an officer of martial 
 spirit and chivalric bearing, and fell nobly at the head of 
 his corps. 
 
 Major Paynter, shot through the lungs, was carried out 
 of danger by his horse ; but subsequently died of the 
 wound. 
 
 Major Harris, — he whose horse was shot under him at 
 Sadoolapore, was again unhorsed, and as he was retiring
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 51 
 
 with the remnant of his corps, a single Sikh sowar cut /-^ *Ct- 
 him down from behind in presence qf^ the writer. ijj^ ^ 
 
 . ^ Captain Williams, a young officer of robust constitution, , 
 - fell wounded by a musket- shot , and as he lay insensible on 
 the ground was hacked by the enem y's tulwars ; but was 
 carried to the rear with twenty-three wounds, one of his 
 hands being lopped off, and, to the surprise of everyone, 
 he recovered. He received no recompense for his gal- 
 lantry and sufferings, beyond the usual small pension for 
 the loss of his hand. 
 
 There were several other, more or less, interesting inci- 
 dents during the battle of Chillianwalla, which have not 
 been mentioned in the many desultory narratives of that 
 eyentf ul day, and, amongst others, the following : — 
 fiisi/^ Lieut. Thelwall, distinguished by high courage and quick 
 intelligence, who was acting as a mounted orderly officer of 
 Pennicuick's brigade, had his horse shot under him, and was, 
 at the same time, himself severely wounded in the thigh. 
 
 As he lay on the ground (where, had he remained, the 
 enemy would have despatched him, as they did all those 
 who were unable to follow the retreat of the unfortunate 
 brigade), he was surprised by his favourite horse — which 
 he had recently sold to the Brigade Major (Harris) who 
 had just been killed — trotting up to him riderless. Re- 
 cognising his old master, he appeared to offer his services 
 in a friendly manner. The providential opportunity 
 was not to be lost ; and the wounded officer mount- 
 ing the poor animal, which seemed to understand the 
 
 4 A
 
 52 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 necessity for his standing as still as possible, rode to the 
 
 rear.* 
 
 As Pennicuick's shattered brigade rapidly made for 
 
 the village of Chillianwalla, pursued for a very short dis- 
 
 j y fcV tance by a few horsemen, Hoggan's brigade, on the left, 
 
 ) ,- ! came upon the scene of the disaster, and charging up to 
 
 the batteries in their front, drove the Sikhs before them 
 
 '■ with heavy slaughter, and then changing direction to the 
 
 ■ right, speedily recovered the groimd won and lost by their 
 
 i less fortunate and unsupported comrades of the Eight 
 
 \ Brigade, a portion of which,t however, succeeded in join- 
 
 j ing the victorious battahons. 
 
 In the meantime, the enemy's horsemen arrested in 
 their pursuit by the sudden attack of Hoggan's brigade 
 on the position from which they had issued, the defeated 
 brigade might have been seen from a shght elevation of 
 the ground, making its way in a mass, to the village in 
 rear, after which it seemed to disappear. 
 
 Immediately afterwards, an ofllcer of another corps, J who 
 happened to be serving with the 24th, and who had been 
 delayed by one of the enemy's sowars (who for a few 
 minutes made a feint of attacking him, but, suddenly, 
 for- some inexplicable reason, changed his purpose), § 
 
 ^«^ * An obelisk in the gardens of Chelsea Hospital commemorates 
 
 the slain of the 24th, and a monument on the field has been erected 
 to the memory of all who fell. 
 
 t Some Sepoys of the 45th N. I. X This coi-ps was not present. 
 § The same conduct on the part of the enemy's horsemen on 
 another part of the field has been attributed to bewilderment pro- 
 duced by bhung, but this seems improbable.
 
 THE PUNJAB CA:\rPAIGN. 53 
 
 reached the village, but seeing no one outside, entered 
 it, when he found a considerable number of the 24th, 
 who, with alacrity, obeyed, when he ordered them to follow 
 him to the open space outside. There, having recognised 
 a colour- sergeant, he called upon the latter to stand about ^, 
 
 twenty paces off, and shout to his company (naming its 
 number), to J' falj^n^' while he did the same. The result 
 was, that the survivors of the company quickly filled up 
 the space between the officer and the sergeant. The j ^ y. 
 former then " told them off," and awaited further results. \ ' 
 In a few moments more, the Light Company, under Ensign ' 
 Hinde, fell in gradually on the left of the nucleus thus : 
 formed, while the reinnant of other companies came in on 
 the right, and thus order was restored, and the line reformed. I 
 This formation had barely been completed, when Lieut.- ,' 
 Col. Lugard, Adjutant-General of Queen's Troops, rode up 
 to the corps, now rallied, and inquiring of the officer re- 
 ferred to, who was standing alone in front of the line, 
 what had occurred, the circumstances were briefly ex- 
 plained by the latter, who was thereupon ordered by the 
 Adjutant- General to follow, while he gave " the direction." j\ 
 Accordingly, the officer gave the necessary word of com- 
 mand to the company of which he had assumed charge, 
 
 (that which he had first rallied having, in_the meantime, 
 
 ^- - - - 
 
 been taken over by its own subaltern Lieutenant Clark, _j 
 
 who had come up), and the others conformed to thef^ 
 movement directed by the gallant Adjutant -General 
 
 ")
 
 54 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 Queen's Troops, who soon rode out of sight, the corps 
 following with its seven ofl&cers. 
 
 As this advance was proceeding towards the left front, 
 Capt. Blachford, who had heen appointed Acting Field 
 Officer for the day, but had not accompanied the corps in 
 its previous disastrous attack upon the enemy, or been 
 present when it was rallied, now rode up, and having 
 made inquiries of the same officer whom Lieut. -Col. Lugard 
 had addressed, took over the latter's orders from him, 
 assumed command, and continued the advance, in the 
 course of which, he was met by the Assistant Adjutant- 
 General, who gave him further orders. 
 
 But the action was already over ; and, on arriving at 
 the enemy's evacuated position, the task was assigned to the 
 regiment of blowing up several of the tumbrils which the 
 Sikhs had just abandoned ; and, while doing so, as dark- 
 O^Tt/W^ss was approaching, the two last artillery shots of the 
 day, on the left, were fired by the retreating foe, and must 
 have fallen close to the spot, as indicated by the sound. 
 • It may here be observed, that the annals of British 
 warfare present few such loss es by a single corps a s were 
 sustained by the 24th Foot, in this action. 
 
 Penny's reserve brigade, consisting of the 15th and 
 69th Native Infantry, was, meantime, ordered to re- 
 trieve the disaster of Pennicuick's brigade ; but, owing to 
 the nature of the ground, where the point cVajypxu was to 
 a certain extent obscure, it inclined too much to the right,
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 55 
 
 and after some sharp fighting, in which its loss was 123, 
 including five European officers, it eventually succeeded 
 in reaching Godby's brigade, with which, during the 
 remainder of the day, it co-operated. 
 
 Many and conflicting accounts have appeared in various 
 publications, of these events. But, in estimating the true 
 extent of a danger, it is well to test, by the actual return 
 of casualties, descriptions which may understate the cir- 
 cumstances, — as in the dry despatches, for example, of the 
 General of the Mooltan force — and those in which the 
 graphic power of the writer may, quite unintentionally, 
 give a disproportionate importance to an event, as, for 
 instance, while describing the advance of Pennicuick's 
 brigade, even so gifted a narrator as Arnold, has spoken • 
 of "the ascent, long and steep" of "the hill crowned by'| -^^ 
 a Sikh battery," which was stormed by the 24th. ' 
 
 After an action, it sometimes, but, fortunately rarely, 
 happers, that the command of a regiment devolves on 
 an ofl&3er who may not have been under fire with it, and 
 who, consequently, is incompetent to describe, of his own 
 knowledge, its conduct. Yet, owing to his position, such 
 an ofiEcer has absolute control of the regimental record, 
 and may, as has happened, enter in its pages, an ac- 
 count of battles shaped to an official convenience ; and, 
 thus, a scarcely reliable statement, drafted according 
 to ihe exigencies of the moment, becomes, in the course 
 of time, authoritative, and supplies data and incidents
 
 ^f L 
 
 56 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 in some instances, while omitting them in others, on 
 which future historians may, — and can scarcely avoid, 
 relying. 
 
 In its advance, Pe nnicuick 's brigade was the only one 
 that had not the assistance of flanking batteries of artil- 
 lery, — an oversight which Brig. -Gen. Campbell discover- 
 ing, promptly despatched Lieut. Sweton Grant, one of his 
 orderly officers, to repair. But it was too late. "The 
 light field-pieces which ought to have covered the advance, 
 had unaccountably been left behind. Standing there 
 alone, — the Brigadier, Colonel, and Major, alread y fallen,"_ 
 — without an Adj utant, for that officer, owing to an early 
 wound in one of his hands, had not advanced far with 
 the corps, — and without a single mounted officer, — for 
 although the senior Captain (Blachford) was mounted for 
 the day, as acting field-officer, he had, unfortunately, been 
 prevented from proceeding farther than a little vsuj be- 
 yond the village, — with thirteen officers killed on tie spot, 
 and ten wounded, out of a total of twenty-nine ; \Thile of 
 about 960 which followed them an hour before, scarce one 
 half remained untouched by the " showers of grape and 
 musketry poured in from batt ery and th i cket ," — it was 
 scarcely surprising, that " the brave, but raw yeung sddiers 
 of the 24th, should have been' driven headlong froia. the 
 position which they had captured." \ 
 
 Had the other brigades suffered under such a disadV-an- 
 tage as the absence of supporting artillery, a " Subaltern 
 
 .,.^« v^^^ t^
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 57 
 
 / 
 of the 2nd European regiment" has shown, that the day , 
 
 would probably have been lost. — ' 
 
 A comparison between the circumstances of Pennicuick's 
 
 brigade, and those of the 56th Native Infantry, so highly 
 
 eulogized in Thackwell's account of the battle, indicates an 
 
 inconsistency in that narrative that, to the impartial mind, 
 
 must appear quite unaccountable, — and the more so, as 
 
 Lord Gough's Despatch, and the statistics of the losses 
 
 sustained, in a great measure neutralize the value of the 
 
 writer's opinion on this point. 
 
 The 25th and 45th Native Infantry, advancing on the 
 
 right and left of the 24th Foot, although they did not 
 
 succeed in keeping up with the latter corps, in time to 
 
 support it, when it had reached the eneniy's guns, never-i'- 
 
 theless, sustained heavy loss. Of the 25th, three oflBcers' 
 
 and 201 men ; and of the 45th, four officers and 75 men 
 
 were placed Iwrs de combat, while the two regiments lost 
 
 all their standards.* 
 
 In consequence, not only of the comparatively rapid 
 
 advance of the 24th, — which, however, never JowftZetZ, as has 
 
 been asserted, until it had emerged from the jungle, but 
 
 also of the density and inti'icacy of the latter, — the Native 
 
 Infantry corps on its flanks, were unable to support its 
 
 charge ; and, says Thackwell, " it fell to the lot of this, r 
 
 gallant regiment to experience an atmosphere solely com-j 1 Y 
 
 pounded of fire, grape, and round shot," to counteract ^/f*'^ 
 
 * They lost five colours, one being an honorary standard.
 
 58 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 which, " there was no artillery and no fire of muslfetrj 
 — for the men were unloaded." 
 
 But there was no unwillingness on the part of the 
 
 y Native corps of this brigade ; and many men of that 
 
 which was on the left, joined Hoggan's brigade, which 
 
 was nearest, and thus participated in its gallant attack 
 
 on the flank of the same position. 
 
 It has been said that the 24th lost its colours, but the 
 fact is, it lost only one, namely, the Queen's colour, and 
 this was a pure accident, arising from the circumstances of 
 jjf^ the battle. The centre of the regiment, where the stan- 
 « dards are always carried, was nearly annihilated by the 
 ' ^ enemy, whose fire was, for a considerable time, concen- 
 trated upon it ; and, instead of its being surprising that 
 either was lost, when their bearers were killed, it is rather 
 a matter of wonder how, the colour that was saved should 
 have been accidentally recognized in the confusion, 
 amongst the slain, and recovered by a sergeant. 
 / "Amidst the jungle, it was tantamount to an impossi- 
 ( bility for many men of a regiment to keep their eyes on 
 j the colours at the same time." The colours and their 
 I bearers were often levelled to the earth at the same 
 moment, their falling was apt to be unnoticed, and, in con- 
 sequence, eight stand of colours were lost in this way, in 
 the jungle of Chillianwalla. On the other hand, unlike the 
 other corps of the army, the 29th Foot took the sensible 
 precaution of casing their standards, as we shall see. 
 
 Whether through an oversight, or a mistaken interpre-
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 59 
 
 tation of the Brigadier-General's order, that there " must 2/ 
 
 be no firing," the 24th Foot, covered by its Grenadier 
 
 company in skirmishing order, certainly advanced j*2i=. 
 
 loaded. But the Colonel, it must be obvious, could not, 
 
 as has been said, have caused the men to move at the 
 
 double, by waving his sword ; for, in the intricacies of the 
 
 jungle, he could have been seen, at most, only by a few of 
 
 the men immediately behind him, and these could not 
 
 have directed the movements of their comrades further 
 
 off, with whom they soon became unconnected. 
 
 One of the principal causes of the irregularity of this t ^ 
 
 advance may be attributed, perhaps, to the difficulty of '.j . 
 
 >y sufficient supeiwision on the part of the other mounted \ r ^>^ 
 
 y' officers. While the fatal result, was partly due, to the 
 
 ^yi^ Native corps on either flank of the 24th Foot, not having 
 
 reached the enemy's position in time to supportthe attack 
 
 J^ J of the latter. But the absence of the usual batteries of 
 Y'l — — " 
 
 ' artillery, as before obsei'ved, covering the advance of other / .^t> 
 
 brigades, must be regarded as the princij^al cause of the ' ^»>*-^ 
 disaster in this instance.* 
 
 " Why the batteries attached to this brigade," says 
 Thackwell, "were left in the background, is a question 
 which must be left to Sir Colin Campbell and Lord Gough. 
 In this matter, for rejtrehension, Pennicuick was not pro- 
 
 * Lieut. Sweton Grant of the 24th, who was orderly oflSccr to 
 Brig. -Gen. Campbell, told the writer that the latter perceiving 
 when, however, too late, this oversight, sent him scouring the field 
 to find the batteries, but that he failed to discover them.
 
 60 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 minently implicated. One party declared the \ Chief 
 ordered that the batteries should be immediately stormed 
 with the bayonet, thereby implying the absence of all 
 necessity for the use of the guns. The other retorts, that the 
 only order given was to advance, and that no General of 
 Division, furnished with artillery, ever went into action 
 without it. We do not undertake to state what the exact 
 nature of the order was ; but, it is very manifest, that 
 neither the Brigadier-General, nor his brigadiers, regarded 
 the artillery as necessaiy ; in other words, the contempt 
 of the enemy was not confined to poor Pennicuick." 
 
 Most of the ofiicers of the 24th were, comparatively, 
 strangers to their men. The corps had recently arrived 
 in India, with a loss of many old ofiicers, and an influx of 
 new ; while, at the same time, the rank, and file composed 
 for the most part of young recruits, had scarcely acquired, 
 as was said, comradeship with the older soldiers. 
 
 The exchanges so common amongst ofi&cers, under tha 
 old system, and the augmentation of officers from other 
 corjis, tended to weaken that lidbit which gives unity to 
 a body of men. The 24th was led into action by its 
 Colonel, — a stranger who had arrived in camp barely in 
 time to participate in the anticipated victory, and was 
 personally scarcely known to his men.* 
 
 * It may not be out of place to mention that while the 24th was 
 
 rallying, a stra ggq^ fficer. mounted on a conspicuous iron grey charger, 
 
 / galloped past to the rear, shouting — "Save yourselves! Their 
 
 Cavalry are upon you ! " — It was a mistake. His name appears in 
 
 the Despatch. He was thanked, promoted, &c. (See p. 53.)
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 61 
 
 CHAPTER yil. 
 
 Turning to other parts of the field, it was observable, that 
 the interval between the Brigade of Pennicuick, and that 
 of Hoggan, owing to the excessive attenuation of the line, 
 was very considerable. Brig.-Gen. Campbell placed him- 
 self at the head of the latter brigade, and was distin- 
 guished by his j)ersonal daring and imperturbable 
 coolness. 
 
 The 61st Foot was frequently surrounded, but by the 
 rapid wheeling of companies, — a circumstance so charac-' 
 teristic of the whole action, — in almost every direction, 
 it gloriously rei^elled the several attacks made upon it. ! 
 
 On nearing„ th&. Sikh position^ Campbell poured in 
 volleys of musketry ; and the 61st, bringing its left 
 shoulders forward, retook the guns which the 24th had 
 just been obliged to abandon. So re solute, however, we re 
 the Sikhs, that, profiting by the numerical inferiority of 
 this brigade, they turned against the 61st, those guns, 
 which, but a few minutes before, the latter had captured, 
 but had failed effectuallj_to_sj^ike. 
 
 " The contest here," says Thackwell, " was more equal, 
 and better maintained than in any other quarter. The
 
 62 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 Brigadier-General himself, was wounded in the act of cut- 
 ;, ting down a Khalsa gunner. The 30th and 46th Native 
 {Infantry supported the 61st Foot with steadiness and 
 'courage. Conolly, the junior Ensign of the 46th, is de- 
 scribed as having encountered extraordinary dangers ; 
 Hvhile Godby, of the 36th, son of the Brigadier, was cut 
 down by a Ghorchurha, but not killed." 
 
 It ought not to be left unnoticed, that, while this brigade 
 ■ was changing its direction to the right, a Khalsa chief- 
 tain rode gallantly up to the front of the 61st, and re- 
 connoitered with so cool a demeanour, that he was 
 mistaken for one of the British irregular sowars. Having 
 
 (satisfied himself, he rode away, and in doing so, the 61st 
 corrected their error, by opening fire, but ineffectually, 
 upon him. 
 
 Under the eye of the Brigadier-General himself, and 
 
 led by the gallant McLeod, it is but just to observe, that 
 
 3 ' the 61st, and its faithful comrades of the 36th and 
 
 ^j^/T 46th, mainly contributed, on the left, to re-adjust the 
 
 I trembling scale of victory. 
 
 Gilbert's left brigade, supported by artillery, and com- 
 manded by Brigadier Mountain, — who afforded a good 
 example in leading on his men, — had reached the rear of 
 that part of the enemy's position, which had just been 
 unsuccessfully attacked by the 24th, and which the 61st 
 was now simultaneously assaihng, when the gallant 29th 
 Foot — judiciously advancing with their standards cased, 
 and prepared for hard work, — encountered the most reso- 

 
 
 I BUREAU or V " •!.,, _ 
 
 I" .^?lX% frrf^|^^ a ■ ; J cr a ia 63 
 
 lute resistance : but with that determined valour, raised i ■ . ; 
 to heroism by the j^roud sentiment of e^rUde corjps, for J 4 U 
 which this regiment has always been distinguished, these n . 7 
 experienced soldiers carried all before them, and spiked ^ Z^ 
 
 several guns, only five of which, however, were secured. 
 
 Amongst the casualties, was Lieut. Metge, a gallant 
 officer, who, falling mortally wounded, expired some days . 
 
 after; while Mowbray (of a family ren owned in English n^^-a^*- ^ 
 ^history), as he carried one of the standards, with im- 
 perturbability, was shot through the forage cap, but, 
 happily, escaped being wounded. 
 
 This brigade, like all the others, was received with an 
 incessant shower of grape and musketry. But, as often 
 happens, the best services, modestly performed, often 
 escape the general notice, while others, comparatively 
 useless, are eulogized. / 
 
 The 56th Native Infantry boldly advanced up to the - — - 
 hostile batteries, with undaunted courage, under its 
 leader, the gallant Bamfield, who, however, fell, mortally r-*^^'^'^ 
 struck by a bullet, and sunk bleeding into the arms oi) A _ { , 
 his son. 
 
 Eight officers, and 322 men of this corps, were here 
 killed and wounded, — the colours were lost, and, in the 
 confusion of a combat in which each regiment seemed to 
 fight its own distinct battle, this gallant corps yielded to, /^ ^ 
 
 superior numbers, and was driven back by its b rave ad-l 
 versaries, who, however, paid dearly for their momentary/ \A^\y^ 
 success.
 
 64 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 The other regiment of this brigade, — the 30th Native 
 
 ^, Infantry, encouraged by the noble example of the 29th 
 
 ■' Foot, went well to the front, as its roll of killed and 
 
 wounded, — eleven officers, and 285 men, — fully attests. 
 
 X It, too, lost one of its colours, not, however, by capture, 
 
 '*^'' -but by reason of the jungle, where the slain fell unnoticed 
 
 in the general melee. 
 
 At the same time, the right brigade of Gilbert's In- 
 fantry division, under Godby, had not penetrated far into 
 the jungle, when it was assailed on both flanks, in front, 
 ^'*' and also in rear, in consequence of which, the 2nd Bengal 
 . . -. European regiment was compelled to meet the enemy 
 [( at every point, and, at last, ,to charge, rear rank in 
 fK/^yO front, while Dawes' Battery was clearing the way for their 
 further advance, and the 31st and 70th Native Infantry 
 ably maintained their ground. 
 
 The gallant Sir Walter Gilbert now put himself at the 
 head of this brigade, and directed its brilliant attack on 
 the enemy's guns, four of which were captured. 
 ...i^he Journal of a Subaltern" of the 2nd European 
 /f V regiment (now 104th Foot), supplies interesting details 
 of a combat, which so greatly added to the renown of 
 that corps ; and, as these details have a bearing on the 
 conduct of other brigades, the following extracts acquire 
 an additional value. 
 
 " The word came for the Infantry to advance, ' Fix 
 
 I bayonets ! Itoad ! Deploy into line ! Quick march ! ' And 
 
 \ ; into the jungle we plunged with a deafening cheer, the
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 65 
 
 roll of musketry increasing every moment. On we went 
 at a rapid double, dashing through the bushes,* and 
 bounding over every impediment ; faster rolled the 
 musketry, — crash upon crash the cannon poured forth* 
 its deadly contents. On swept our brigade, and gaining \ , 
 an open space in the jungle, the whole of the enemy's line ■ 
 burst on our view. " Charge ! " ran the word through 
 our ranks, and the men bounded forward like angry bull- ; 
 dogs pouring in a murderous fire. The enemy's bullets 
 whizzed above our heads. The very air seemed teeming 
 
 with them. Man after man was struck down 
 
 Onward we went with a steadiness which nothing could 
 resist. (The enemy) fired a last volley, wavered, and then » 
 turned and fled. Pursuit in a jungle like that, where ; 
 we could not see twenty yards before us, was useless ; so j ^ " 
 we halted, and began to collect our wounded, — when all 
 of a sudden a fire was opened upon us in our rear. A i 
 large body of the enemy had turned our flank in the 
 jungle, and got between us and the rest of the troops. 
 Another party was on our left, and we found ourselves 
 with our light field battery, completely surrounded, and ^ C /j, 
 alone in the field. 
 
 "The word was given, — 'Right about face,' and we 
 advanced steadily loading and firing as we went. 
 
 " Captain Dawes' battery was the saving of us. As the 
 
 * The jungle was not so dense on the right as in the centre, for 
 Buch an advance would have boon impossible in front of the village 
 of Chillianwalla. 
 
 5
 
 Q6 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 Cavalry was bearing down, the Brigadier shouted, — 'A 
 shower of grape in there' . . . and a salvo was poured 
 in, that sent horse and man head over heels in heaps . . . 
 The fire was fearful ; the atmosphere seemed alive with 
 balls. I can only compare it to a storm of hail . . . All 
 this time the enemy were dodging about the bushes, 
 banging away at us, and then disappearing. 
 
 " At last General Grilbert rode up and said to Steel, — 
 * Well, Major, how are you ? Do you think you are 
 near enough to charge ? * ' By all means,' said Steel. 
 ' Well, then, let's see how you can do it.' 
 
 "'Men of the 2nd Europeans, prepare to charge, — 
 Charge ! ' and on we went with a stunning cheer. Poor 
 Nightingale was shot, and fell at my feet. The Sikhs 
 fought like devils, singly, sword in hand, and strove to 
 break through our line. . . . After a short struggle, 
 we swept them before us, and remained masters of the 
 field. 
 
 " We were on the extreme rigid, and the thickness of the 
 jungle prevented our seeing what was going on elsewhere. 
 
 " We took three of their guns in our second charge, and 
 spiked them on the ground. . . . Several of our 
 wounded were cut to pieces in the rear. . . . Sur- 
 rounded, as we were, it could'nt be avoided. . . . The 
 colours were gallantly carried by De Mole and Toogood, 
 — and are shot through and through." * ^ 
 
 * The gallant writer describes eereral of liia own hair-breadtli j^ 
 escapes. '
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. Q7 
 
 Sir Joseph Thackwell, second in command, and General 
 of the Cavah'y, was on the extreme left. With White's 
 Cavalry brigade, and three troops of Horse Ai*tillery, 
 under Brind, he advanced some distance, and opened fire\ 
 on that portion of the enemy, which was under the com- ; ^_ 
 mand of Outa r Sifl gh, who appeared to be seeking anf /• 
 opportunity to turn the left flank of the British. ' / 
 
 The cannonade had not been of long duration, when a 
 body of Ghorchurhas made a demonstration to their right, 
 with the evident intention of penetrating to the rear. To 
 prevent this being carried out, Unett's squadron of the 
 3rd Light Dragoons, and three squadrons of the 5th 
 Light Cavalry, were ordered to charge, which they did in/^ "1 m / 
 line. The Sikhs opened a desultory matchlock fire. / -^ V> <*- 
 
 The 3rd Light Dragoons forcing their way through the 
 hostile ranks, never pulled rein until they had gone some 
 distance beyond the enemy. Unett, severely wounded, 
 with his men dispersed, resolved with the few near him, 
 to cut his way back, while Stisted and Macqueen returned 
 as they could. 
 
 The 5th Cavalry, despite the earnest exhortations of 
 their gallant officers, avoiding collision with the foe, 
 retired with precipitation. 
 
 The fate of Unett, and his squadron, seemed inevitable, 
 when at length they were seen to emerge from their 
 perilous position with honour to themselves. 
 
 Unett and Stisted were wounded, and many of their 
 ' 5 A
 
 §'f 
 
 68 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 men were killed and wounded.* No mention, however, 
 was made of the devotion of these iDrave of&cers, in the 
 body of Lord Gough's despatch, although some days 
 after the action, his Lordship visited the former, and 
 promised to recommend him for promotion. 
 
 The enemy's fire had now slackened ; when Brind re- 
 ceived an order from the Commander-in-Chief to move 
 his guns to the right flank ; and shortly after, White's 
 brigade was directed to conform to that movement. But 
 ,no sooner had the 3rd Light Dragoons been put in motion, 
 1^"*' ithan the enemy's fire was redoubled. 
 
 In the perplexing intricacies of the jungle, Brigadier 
 
 Pope's Cavalry brigade, which included a portion of the 
 
 9th Lancers, as well as the 14th Light Dragoons, not only 
 
 overlapped the troops of Horse Ai'tilleiy, on the right of 
 
 Sir W. R. Gilbert's division, but even got in front of the 
 
 latter, so that when the former found it necessary to open 
 
 ^ f.' J fire, the Cavalry proved an unex]3ected obstruction. 
 
 *"■ ■■*■ ! During his advance. Brigadier Pope, who was at the 
 
 time in bad health, received a severe wound from a tulwar 
 
 on the head ; and it appears that a temporary halt was 
 
 ordered in consequence, when the Sikh Cavalry skir- 
 
 : mishing in front, were emboldened by what they mistook 
 
 for hesitation. 
 
 * This regiment lost during the day, in killed and wounded, 
 twenty-four men killed, and two officers and fourteen men wounded.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 69 
 
 Meanwhile, Major Christie, commanding the Horse 
 Artillery, on the right of Gilbert's division, had scarcely 
 expressed astonishment at the movement of Pope's 
 brigade, when, suddenly, the latter was observed to be 
 in full retreat on his guns. 
 
 In an instant, guns, gunners, and wagons, were every- 
 where upset by the rush of the British Cavalry, when the 
 14th Light Dragoons happened to be pushed agains^i 
 Christie's troop by the other regiments ; and to crown the^- ^ / 
 whole, the enemy's Ghorchurhas in close pursuit, entere^" 
 the ranks of the Artillery. 
 
 Major Christie, with many of his gunners, was cut down 
 on horseback, before he had time to draw his sword. 
 Huish would have shared the same fate, had not Major i. 
 Stewart, of the 14th Dragoons, despatched his assailant \*5^ 
 with a pistol shot. Many were trampled by the horses. 
 Lieut. Cureton, son of the gallant officer who had so 
 recently fallen at Ramnuggur, met his fate by his horse 
 becoming unmanageable, and carrying him into the J^ 
 hostile ranks. 
 
 The few Ghorchurhas who pursued, had been mis- 
 taken for a larger body, and would have penetrated still 
 farther, had not one or two squadrons of the 9th Lancers 
 rallied behind the guns, and opposed their progress. C iry^ 
 Some of the former advanced to within a short distance i ^'■ftji 
 of Lord , Gough and his staff, and his escort of Cavalry § 
 was preparing to charge, whereupon the Ghorchurhas 
 retired.
 
 70 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 Meanwhile, Major Ekins, Deputy Adjutant-G-eneral of 
 
 the Indian Army, seeking to deliver an order to the 
 
 ■^Ctt*' retreating brigade, received a wound. His friend, Major 
 
 ^^ ! Chester, hastened to his assistance ; the enemy was close 
 
 at hand. Ekins, however, begged him to leave him to his 
 
 f"^ I fate, and the enemy presently coming up, hacked him to 
 
 j pieces. 
 
 This disaster occasioned the loss of all the guns in 
 Christie's troop, and two in Huish's ; but two of the 
 former were afterwards recovered,* at the battle of 
 Groogerat. 
 
 While these events were in progress. Col. Lane, of the 
 Horse Artillery, with his guns, two squadrons of the 
 9th Lancers, and two of the 6th Light Cavalry, was 
 
 i^ 
 
 r 
 
 ~3 ^ engaged, repelling an attack of the enemy's horse, on 
 the extreme right. 
 
 * The day after the action, a court for inquiry into the conduct of 
 the 14th Dragoons was held, with a result satisfactory to that much 
 injured but gallant corps.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 71 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 It was now 5 o'clock, and night was at hand. The enemy 
 were recovering and removing those gmis on the left oV^'^' ' 
 their line, which although spiked, the British had been 
 unable to carry off. Several points of the attack had 
 failed, aad it was even doubtful whether the Siklis, under 
 cover of the jungle, or of the darkness, might not make | C '/ 
 a last aud supreme effort to snatch the victory, which had I w/y/. -i 
 scarce ly been secured. Had the latter been more enter- 1 i 
 
 prising, and perceived their a<lv,iut;iL;r, they might pos-jj , 
 
 sibly ha^e done so. But they seemed to have forgotteni 2 ^k/ 
 in the rcugh handling which they had received, accurately "', 
 to calculate their chances of success in a iungle, when 
 
 ^ ... y^ J ' 
 
 darkness neutralized their superior local knowledge. 
 2;. Lord Grough proposed to hold the ground occupied by 
 
 the successful brigades, in order to secure any guns which 
 might le found in the morning, and also to succour the 
 woundec, when Brig.-Gen. Campbell pointed out the 
 necessit; of falling back on the village of Chillianwalla, 
 where tlone water could be procured, and where the 
 baggag« would be ensured protection.
 
 72 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 The British army bivouacked on the field, while the 
 
 ! surgeons in rear were incessantly engaged throughout the 
 
 night, in amehorating the sufferings of the wounded, and 
 
 A If in performing the usual difficult surgical operations. 
 
 ^^ ' During these painful scenes, the chaplain of the army was 
 
 untiring in his ministrations. 
 
 About 8 o'clock, a drizzling rain began to fall, and 
 
 those who were fortunate enough to secure some of the 
 
 men's quilts, which were scattered about near the baggage, 
 
 may have found a little j)rotection from the inclemency of 
 
 the weather ; but the majority of the Europeaas were 
 
 ' 'i without cover of any kind, while the Sepoys, as many as 
 
 could be accommodated, sought shelter in the mud hovels 
 
 of the village of Chillianwalla. 
 
 l^f / It is by no means so^prbbable, as has been asserted, that 
 
 V^ the enemy emj)loyed the night in massacring the wounded. 
 
 That was done before ; but it is not unlikely tlat the 
 
 country-people of the adjacent villages, plundered and 
 
 strijjped the dead. 
 
 The loss of the British in this brief action Mas very 
 severe, and amounted in killed (586), wounded (1641), 
 and missing* (104) — to 2331, of all ranks (SlSf *i these 
 casualties having occurred in the 24th Foot), and 17& 
 horses. The aggregate calibre of the six guns bst, was 
 
 * In Indian battles the missing may generally be taken as kiUed. 
 t The regimental returns show 520 ; of the twenty-two luropeaa 
 ofSoers killed, thirteen were of the 24th Foot.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 73 
 
 54 (pounder) ; and 761 of the twelve captured from tlie 
 enemy. 
 
 Thus ended one of the most sever ely contested of^ *''^- 
 battles, in which, within the space of two hours and a 
 half, eighty-nine British officers, and two thousand three 
 hundred and fifty-seven fighting men either lost their 
 lives, or were wounded ; while an unusual number of 
 standards were lost — not captured — and six guns fell into 
 the hands of the enemy, against the twelve small pieces 
 which remained as trophies with the B ritish - 
 
 Although the honour of victory remained with the 
 latter, who held the enemy's position at the close of the »^ 
 action, the Sikhs lost no prestige by their obstinate "' ^y 
 struggle. Their strength was nearly double that of their 
 opponents, but their real fighting power was, apparently, 
 confined to only a portion of their force. -^^y 
 
 Instances of heroic courage on the part of individual j S » M'l 
 / Sikhs were frequent, although the excitement of bhung, 
 is said to have stimulated many others. 
 
 Single combats were not of rare occurrence ; and, as the ^?>c/ 
 Sikh^awoi^man had the better weai)on, their issue was 
 always doubtful. 
 <rL, Lastly, it is an undeniable fact, that the enemy ended f I' .ml 
 '^ r. the combat on the left of the line, with their artillery, 
 h while Brind, now on the right flank, fired the last shot ' 
 of the day in that quarter. ' '^"*t* 
 
 Nothing cotdd exceed the ferocity of the Sikhs, and, 
 
 although quarter was neither given nor taken on either i
 
 ^>^^ 
 
 74 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 side, they were so determined to inflict death, that they 
 
 often showered blows on the fallen, after they were dis- 
 
 ' 'I abled by their wounds. 
 
 "In front of the village of Chillianwalla," says Thackwell, 
 '■J 
 \"lay a wounded Sikh, who had been abandoned by his 
 
 ♦''^'*"**'iconirades. He was attired in the usual Khalsa infantry 
 
 J uniform, — a red coat of an old European pattern, with 
 
 white stripes of braid across the breast, and facings of a 
 
 different colour ; a white turban, and loose blue trousers, 
 
 ; completed his costume. His handsome features were 
 
 I adorned with the usual thick black beard, whiskers, and 
 
 I moustache. A cannon-ball had shattered his thigh-bone, 
 
 and to alleviate Ms pain, he was seeking relief, by taking 
 
 bhung, a quantity of which seemed to be in his pockets." 
 
 On the approach of the officer, who has described him in 
 
 another work, he made a desperate effort to collect his 
 
 dormant energies, and convulsively grasped at a tulwar, 
 
 lying within reach ; but his strength failed. 
 
 Many such incidents are recorded ; and it is melancholy 
 to reflect, how often brave men in such. a plight, refusing 
 to ask for quarter, have met death with unflinching 
 courage. 
 
 It has been trvdy remarked that, as : — " The ground 
 was covered with thick high brushwood ... it did not 
 seem improbable that the most carefully arranged com- 
 binations might miscarry — that regiments would lose their 
 distance, take a wrong direction, and even mistake friends 
 for foes — as, indeed, happened on more than one occasion 
 
 dA
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. ' 75 
 
 during the day, and notably when, towards the close of 
 the action, the 3rd Light Dragoons on approaching 
 Huish's troop of Horse Artillery, being mistaken for 
 the enemy's Ghorchurhas, narrowly escaped being fired 
 into," 
 
 The British army was scarcely half the strength of 
 that commanded by Shere Singh ; and its advantage of 
 V superior discipline, was to a great extent neutralised by \jJjj 
 '1/ an impervious jungle, in which regiments could not r 
 J A *" preserve their proper formation, while the enemy's know- 
 } ledge of the ground gave him a decided suj^eriority. 
 
 Moreover, finding himself considerably outflanked. Lord 
 Gough was obliged to extend his line so considerably, I 
 
 f with large vacant spaces between brigades, that, so ■ 
 
 attenuated, it occupied almost as great a space of ground , ■ ^ . 
 as that of the British anny at Waterloo. On the other^ X«-^ 
 hand, it is difiicult to excuse the General's neglect f - 
 sufficiently to employ his artillery — especially his heavy i 
 ordnance — in consequence of which, the brunt of the c^j 
 action fell upon the troojjs_ and batteries of Huish, 
 Christie, Brind, Dawes, and Lane. 
 
 Where so much depends upon Providence, as the result . ^ J^ 
 of a battle, it is not always the most glorious victory, j p 
 that is most instructive to the victor ; and the disasters 1 '•'" ' 
 of an action may afford lessons of the highest value, I 
 
 |.^_____Chillianwalla was undoubtedly a British victory, al- 
 )i . ^ though so often questioned ; for Lord Gough, on the 
 r cessation of^the fight, was in full possession of the field ;
 
 *?(S COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 1 
 ^ I , while the enemy fell back under cover of the da rkness 
 
 j^ 1^ \ and the jungle. 
 p In this action, the victo r experienced the conseque nces 
 
 r<^ of : — 1st, undervaluing the enemy ; 2nd, imperfect topo- 
 graphical information ; 3rd, — executing a flank move- 
 ment in the presence of an enemy in position ; 4th, — 
 disregarding the primary inij)ortance of artillery ; 5th, — 
 relying on the bayonet, rather than on his superiority in. 
 fire-arms, in difficult ground where skirmishing order 
 . was appropriate ; 6th, — displaying standards in a jungle 
 fight, and thus drawing the fire of the enemy on the 
 leaders of battalions, and exposing, in consequence, the 
 wings to sunderance ; 7th, — allowing, on the plea of 
 equalization, additional companies to be made up for the 
 occasion, which, in the melee, lost their cohesion. 
 ^ It has been said, that Lord Gough, instead of giving 
 
 (orders for an "immediate and headlong attack," should 
 have moved, " for the night, to a less exposed position." 
 i But this was simply impossible under the circumstances. 
 There was no option but to fight, and, owing to the 
 j enemy's strategy, which precluded any movement to either 
 I flank or to the rear, to have done otherwise, im.der the 
 
 /\^ circumstances of darkness, and an vmknown country, 
 / would almost certainly have resulted, entangled as it 
 would have been in the mazes of its camp, in at least 
 seriously compromising the British force. 
 
 Many things happen on the battle-field, that might 
 afford interesting studies for the metaphysician ; but
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 11 
 
 these are, not improperly, excluded from the domain of 
 military history. 
 
 Some receive honours, as due to rank and position, 
 which would be denied to the individual. But the in- 
 fluence of the press, has, within the last twenty-four years, 
 extended to the operations of war, and the creditable 
 actions of the subordinate officers, and the rank and file, 
 are now no longer allowed to be consigned to oblivion. 
 
 But the salutary reaction, has not been without the effect 
 of producing some singular anomalies, in that combination 
 of incongruous systems, under which, the most useful 
 services and deserts, are liable to be measured by a 
 standard, sometimes reliable, but purely arbitrary in its 
 application, unless influenced by adventitious circum- 
 stances.
 
 78 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 On the following morning, Brigadier White, with his 
 Cavalry, scoured the battle-field, in hope of discovering 
 abandoned guns, in which, however, he was disappointed ; 
 while the Commander-in-Chief, with Major Mackeson, 
 the political agent, ascended the mound, before described, 
 to reconnoitre the enemy, if not already retreated across 
 the Jhelum. They were, however, perhaps not altogether 
 surprised to discover the defeated, but jiot_ subdued foe, 
 nearly three miles off, still occupying their formidable 
 entrenched position on the heights of Russool, on which 
 their left flank had originally :ce.s±ed. 
 
 The scene of the retreat of Pennicuick's brigade, pre- 
 sented a melancholy spectacle on the morrow. Rain had 
 fallen during the night, and the mutilated corj)ses stripped 
 entirely naked, by those who lurk about battle-fields in 
 the darkness, presented a ghastly spectacle ; those of the 
 British, pallid and blood-stained, were of the hue of white 
 marble, and formed a striking contrast to the dusky 
 slain of the native soldiery. The attitudes of death were 
 sometimes singularly significant. Many were rigid, in the
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 79 
 
 position of ported arms, and bore a placid expression. Tliey 
 had evidently been instantaneously struck dead. Others, 
 with their mouths slit from ear to ear when on the 
 ground, displayed the whole of their teeth, and were often 
 thus made to bear evidence of the most atrocious muti- 
 lation. Some appeai'ed to have expired in the act of 
 protecting their heads from the blows of their assailants ; 
 and one, struck down on his knees, had stiffened in that 
 posture with upraised hands, the fingers of which had 
 been sliced off with the blow of a tulwar ; the counten- 
 ance was expressive of horror and agony, and the body 
 was pierced with wounds. In another instance, the 
 wounded man, while still alive, had, with ingenious 
 malignity, been forcibly drawn through a bush, whose 
 crooked thorns, like talons, had torn the skin into ribbons, 
 giving the unhappy sufferer a striped appearance. 
 
 The remains of all the ofiicers were recovered ; and 
 camels were sent out to bring in the bodies of the private 
 soldiers, piled on their backs, to which they were fastened 
 with ropes, and sometimes hanging suspended from the 
 animals' sides. But so horrid was the sight of these 
 bleached and mutilated corpses, so irreverently conveyed 
 to the camp, that parties were sent forward to bury the '•.•— ^ 
 remainder, chiefly about the pools of water, already de- f^ 
 scribed. On the 16th Januarj^many were interred in the ,^»^^ 
 same grave ; but, owing to unavoidable circumstances, so 
 hastily, that, afterwards, as the writer passed by these 
 slight tumuli, one evening in the gloamin, the villagers'
 
 80 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 dogs, and vultiires, were seen fighting and gorging them- 
 selves on such fragments of humanity as they could 
 drag from these shallow graves. 
 
 Mr. Whiting, the chaplain of the army, interred with 
 Christian rites the bodies of the Europeans, including 
 those of all the officers, that had been brought into camp. 
 The latter were placed in one trench, the men in another. 
 But there was one exception. Major Christie's body, at 
 the request of the gallant survivors of his ill-fated troop 
 of Horse Artillery, was buried in the same grave with his 
 fallen comrades. 
 
 For the first few days after this sanguinary action, the 
 
 Engineers were engaged in protecting the camji with 
 
 earthworks. Official reports were being prepared ; while 
 
 the chaplain, the medical officers, and burying parties, 
 
 found incessant occuj)ation. 
 
 ' y J I Some days later, Elihu Eux, the Pesh awur a rtillery 
 
 I U jf officer, — a handsome man, with small beard, and dressed 
 
 " ^ ^ \ in the Afghan choga, — rode into camp, and surrendered 
 
 to Lord Gough. 
 
 ^^^ Jr Shortly after this battle, the Commander-in-Chief con- 
 
 templatd a retreat on Dinghee, in order to keej) open 
 
 , his communications with Ramnuggur, where there was a 
 
 \ ' tete, de jpont, occupied by two native infantry regiments 
 
 ^ ^and some guns — for the enemy had more than once made 
 
 Y* / i^eii^cing movements with large bodies of troops in this 
 
 p / direction. 
 
 There was, however, another line of communication open
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 81 
 
 by Heylah, where Thackwell's force had encamped after '"Y^^ 
 
 Sadoolapore ; but this was no better protected. 
 
 Eventually, Lord Gough decided on maintaining his . ' ' . f 
 position, until reinforced by General Whish from ^ 
 Mooltan. 
 
 Orders were now despatched to the 53rd Foot, in 
 garrison at Lahore, to march immediately to Eamnuggur, 
 when relieved by the 98th Foot from Umballa; and at 
 the same [time, Sir Dudley Hill's reserves were held in 
 readiness to move on Lahore at an hour's notice. 
 
 Chutter Singh, who had arrived in the Sikh camp two 
 or three days after " Chillianwalla," was received with 
 a royal salute. He brought large reinforcements, and 
 also his prisoners, Major Lawrence, and Lieuts. Herbert 
 and Bowie, taken on the fall of the forts of Attock and 
 Peshawur. 
 
 These officers were treated with much consideration by ,r , \%. 
 
 the Sikh chieftains ; but it was found necessary to guard ^ 
 
 (\ ■ 1'""^' 
 them against the fanaticism of the Akalees. They were \ ^jr tj, ,. 
 
 subsequently employed as the bearers (on their parole of I ^j^j^ 
 
 honour to return) of overtures for peace ; but on terms j 
 that were unacceptable. 
 
 The interchange of negociations served the purpose of 
 keeping the enemy quiet, pending the anticipated fall of 
 Mooltan. 
 
 On the 21st January, that stronghold fell ; and in \ A ^ 
 consequence, General Whish's troops became available to > 
 reinforce the army, under the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 6
 
 '/ 
 
 82 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 Shere Singh was soon made aware of the surrender of 
 Moolraj ; but is supposed to have withheld his knowledge 
 of the fact from his troops, as long as possible. 
 
 The following day, the Sikhs were observed to throw 
 back their left flank, which was also on the low hills of 
 Eussool ; and, suspicious of some hostile design on their 
 part, at dusk a large party was sent to construct a re- 
 doubt on the British right flank. This was done with the 
 utmost caution and despatch, and by daylight the work 
 was finished.* 
 
 One day, a patrol of the 3rd Light Dragoons suddenly 
 r^' *[ found himself confronted by two of the enemy, and, after 
 a well maintained fight, succeeded in despatching both. 
 
 Men were daily employed clearing away the brushwood 
 in front of the camp. But the camp itself was concen- 
 trated in far too small a square, while in the centre there 
 were crowded, elephants, camels, the camp-followers, and 
 the enormous quantity of baggage which an Indian army 
 carries with it ; an error commented upon by the Roman 
 historian, in his Jugurthine War, who describes Met^llus 
 kL/ I as having dispensed with the encumbrance altogether. 
 
 ■ The British patrolling parties occasionally exchanged 
 blows with the GThorchurhas, who were prowling about 
 
 * A trivial incident is often highly suggestive. During the night 
 a young otficer, vrho had been indefatigable in filling the sand bags, 
 had just sat down for a moment, about 3 a.m., to rest, when his 
 senior, who had merely been looking on all the whUe, suddenly and 
 authoritatively addressed him — " How is this, you ought to be 
 doing something ! " 
 
 f
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 83 
 
 everywhere, in quest of food, or plunder; and the 9th 
 Lancers, who were on the right, and consequently nearest 
 to the enemy, were daily disturbed by false alarms ; and 
 indeed, so unremitting were the outpost duties, that few 
 ever undressed, except for a hasty ablution. 
 / On the 25th of January, an alarm was raised that the 
 enemy was turning out m battle array ; but this proved 
 to be a mistake. 
 v\ On the 30th, Lieut. Chamberlain, with a party of the 
 
 y 9th Irregulars, intercepted a body of Grhorchurhas, who 
 were endeavouring to seize our camels, which had been 
 sent out to graze. Sixteen were slain, and the rest put to 
 flight. In this affair, the brave leader of the Irregulars 
 received a wound. 
 
 It has been thought, that English Cavalry in India, 
 although admirable for any special occasion, and useful in 
 giving solidarity, and setting an example to the Native 
 Horse, has rarely played a prominent part in the more 
 useful, and less stately duties of that arm. 
 
 During the campaigns in India, within the present 
 generation, outpost duties, and gathering intelligence j^r r ""^ 
 have been chiefly performed by the Irregul ar Cava lry] T 
 the ti'oopers, or sowars, of which as the owners of their' 
 own horses, &c., have a stake in the corps, and being 
 more independent, take a real pleasure in the performance 
 of the most harassing duties. 
 
 The uniform of the Irregular sowar, is, moreover, better 
 suited to the discharge of the duties imposed upon Light 
 
 6 A
 
 84 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 Cavalry in the field ; while, on the other hand, the British 
 Dragoon, and his horse, are subject to such incessant 
 surveillance, that his efficiency is, although it may appear 
 paradoxical, thereby somewhat impaired, when continuous 
 hard work has to be done. 
 
 During this campaign, the Irregular Cavalry were, in 
 ■ vV^ truth, to use a familiar phrase, the eyes and ears of the 
 army.* 
 
 Celerity of movement, and readiness for an emergency, 
 are the characteristics of the latter. British Cavalry was 
 then, except in pursuit, comparatively of secondary con- 
 sideration to an army in the field ; and, in action, their 
 valour was to a great extent wasted, on those who yielded 
 to the charge, only to inflict heavier loss as the squadron 
 passed by them. These results were notorious dviring the 
 Punjab campaign, and still more so in that of the Sutlej, 
 when, as at Aliwal, the Khalsa Infantij^_jllowed_ the 
 ^X 1 Lancers to break their squares, f and then surrounded 
 ' them separately, so that victory was dearly purchased. 
 
 The reason which induced the Sikhs to abandon their 
 strong position at Eussool, has been variously stated. 
 Scarcity of supplies — the discovery that it afforded no line 
 of retreat in the event of defeat — the traditions of past 
 Khalsa victories at Googerat — the interception of the 
 
 * In the Memoirs of Count Pajol, an excellent idea is given of the 
 uses of Cavalry in a campaign, 
 t Or " we
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 85 
 
 force advancing from Mooltan ; and, lastly, the treach- 
 erous design of their own leaders, to decoy them to their 
 
 i 
 
 destruction, 
 
 — When, on the 5th February, it apjieared, from the ^ _ '"' 
 absence of the usual signs of occupation, that the Sikhs yj 
 had retired from their position at Eussool, two officers at ^,.!— — ^ 
 once mounted their horses secretly, and set out to explore. 
 Having ridden about two miles through the intervening 
 jungle, they ascended the natural glacis, and entered / ^ 
 cautiovisly the earthworks, which were admirably con- 
 structed. The embrasures were strengthened by forked 
 trunks of trees, hke the letter Y, beneath which the 
 ground was excavated for the reception of ammunition, and 
 for protection. Beyond this, the ground was deeply rent, 
 in every direction, forming precipitous ravines ; while on 
 an isolated little plateau stood the mud village of Russool, 
 connected with the adjacent parts by an extremely narrow 
 neck of land, slightly protected with wood ; while, on the 
 opposite side, a deep escarpment was presented to the 
 river Jhelum. 
 
 The place was entirely deserted, but swarming with 
 flies. 
 
 The two officers, who were the first to enter this singular 
 natural fortification, anticipating no interruption, pic- 
 queted their horses, descended to the river, where they 
 bathed, and were returning leisurely through the jungle, 
 when they suddenly canie upon two of the enemy^s spies-^ 
 to all appearance, by their long twisted hair, Akalees. 
 
 > I 
 
 1 
 
 M^J- 

 
 u 
 
 86 COMMEKTAEIES ON 
 
 Being quite unarmed,* the ofl&cers were obliged to adopt 
 the first idea of self-preservation that presented itself, 
 and, accordingly, plunging the spurs into his horses' 
 sides, one of them dashed past one of the Sikhs, and 
 seizing him as he did so, by the hair, carried him off his 
 feet helpless for a considerable distance, and then dropped 
 him. Both now rode to camp, as rapidly as possible, 
 through the more open jungle, while three musket-shots 
 in their rear, told them that their amateur reconnoitring 
 had been successfully accomplished, without any un- 
 pleasant consequences. 
 
 The outpost duties, at this period, were, as already 
 remarked, severe. Few were unprepared for any sudden 
 emergency, as the custom was to sleep in one's clothes, 
 — and on dark, bitterly cold, and often wet nights, — on 
 outlying picquet, generally on the bare ground. f 
 
 On the 5th February, it was discovered that the Sikhs, 
 
 uring the night, had abandoned their position at 
 
 Eussool ; but owing to the state of intelligence, it was 
 
 some time before the direction which they had taken was 
 
 ascertained. 
 
 The following day, on a false alarm, three signal guns 
 were fired — the camp was struck, and the troops remained 
 
 * Their reconnoitring on their own account being contrary to 
 orders, they had dispensed with arms to avoid notice. 
 
 f The writer commanded the outlying picquet of his corps, when 
 his company was detailed for that duty, from the battle of Chillian- 
 walla until the close of the campaign.
 
 />> 
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 87 
 
 under arms from noon until sunset, within the entrench- 
 ments.* The confidence of several, seemed, in many 
 regiments, by the evidence of doubt as to the enemy's 
 movements, not unshaken. 
 
 A good deal is said in " A History of the Second Sikh 
 \1 War," of "the Koree Pass," where a slight affair of 
 outposts occurred, on the 11th February, when " the Sikhs 
 made great demonstrations," and " drove in the patrolling 
 party." 
 
 Hand to hand encounters were frequent in the earher 
 part of the day, and in these. Chamberlain, of the 
 Irregular Cavalry, greatly distinguished himself. 
 
 At length, it was discovered that the enemy was marcli. 
 ing on Goog'>rat, with the design, probably, of destroytt 
 ing the communications of the British with Lahore. 
 
 On the 13tii, Brigadier Cheape arrived in camp, from 
 ( ^ Mooltan, with some squadrons of Irregular Cavalry ; and, 
 next day, inteligence was received that Shere Singh had 
 occupied Googe-at. 
 
 Ou the 15tt February, the camp was broken up, and 
 \ S the army pursuing the direction taken by the enemy, 
 marched to Lusoorea. 
 
 The next day it proceeded to Puckha Musjid. 
 
 On the 17th, it was at Kunjah, and encamped near a 
 large brick fort close to which appeared a small, but well 
 built bazaar. 
 
 * The camp at Qiillianwalla is said to have been the first that a 
 British army in In ia had ever entrenched.
 
 88 
 
 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 The enemy was now descried in the distance, in the 
 direction of Googerat. 
 
 Next morning, the British force moved to Truckhur, in 
 rear of the position which the Sikhs had occupied at the 
 affair of Sadoolapore. 
 
 Here there was a halt ; * and, on the 20th, the army- 
 advanced to Shadawalla, where its picquets were in sight 
 of those of the enemy. 
 
 On the previous night, at a late hour, Brig.-Gen. 
 Dundas had arrived ; and, during this day. Brigadier 
 Markham followed by forced marches from Mcoltan. 
 
 * In a well near the camp, were discovered a few aiuch decayed 
 bodies of Sikhs who had fallen at Sadoolapore on theiSrd December 
 1848.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 89 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 While, and before these operations of the army of the 
 Punjab were in progress, under Lord Gough's personal 
 command, as before stated, so early as October 1848, 
 Brigadier Wheeler was employed in the reduction of the 
 covmtry north of Lahore ; and, in the following month, 
 he was engaged in clearing the jungle, in the Doab be- 
 tween the Ravee and the Chenab, of armed marauders; 
 while, in the Julunder Doab, across the river Beeas, a fresh 
 rebellion, which had broken out, was ably repressed by 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Reinforced by troops from Bombay, to the number of 
 about 3,000 men, of whom 1,600 were British, with up- 
 wards of sixty siege guns, General Whish (who had been 
 obliged to retire a short distance from Mooltan, the 
 stronghold of the rebel Moolraj), on the 26th of Novem- 
 ber, renewed the siege ; on the 27th of December following, 
 he delivered his attack, and, on the 29th, commenced the 
 bombardment. 
 
 At noon on the 30th, the enemy's principal magaziuf 
 blew up with a roar that seemed to shake the earth for
 
 90 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 miles ; and, the following day, the city was stormed. On 
 ': the 31st, the citadel was invested ; and on the 21st of 
 January 1849, it was unconditionally surrendered by 
 Moolraj . 
 
 During the period of this siege, as before mentioned, 
 
 many slight skirmishes occurred, and one action on a 
 
 larger scale, on the 7th November 1848, when a force, 
 
 j under Herbert Edwardes, defeated an attempt of the 
 
 enemy, at Soorujkhoond, to raise the siege. 
 
 The Mooltan column shortly afterwards arrived at Eam- 
 nuggur, under Maj.-Gen. Whish. The menacing dis- 
 position of the enemy's force, indicated a design on Lahore, 
 and, amidst conflicting rejjorts, the Commander-in-Chief 
 determined, in the first instance, while at Lussoorea, almost 
 equi-distant between Ramnuggur and Wuzeerabad, to 
 secure the fords of the Chenab near the latter town. 
 
 Accordingly, after a counsel of war had been held, an 
 order was despatched to Maj.-Gen. Whish to detach a 
 force from Eamnuggur to these fords. But the order 
 had been ably anticipated ; and Col. Byron, with the 53rd 
 Foot, 13th Native Infantry, Holmes' Irregulars, and some 
 guns, already held the ferry and ford, so that when a 
 body of the enemy, numbering about 6,000, made a 
 demonstration of crossing the Soodra ford, that officer 
 prepared to dispute the passage ; whereupon, the Sikhs 
 abandoning their design, returned to Googerat. 
 
 About this time. Lord Gough resolved to reduce the 
 astounding baggage of the army, by sending all super-
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 91 
 
 fluous tents, and camp-followers, to Eamnuggur, with the 
 records of the various departments, and the officers at- 
 tached to them, who were " dispensed with for a time." 
 In consequence, the army was relieved, to say the least, of 
 the inconvenience of nearly eight thousand camels, and 
 its leader, seems deserving of the commendation bestowed 
 upon him, for so judicious, although tardy a measure.
 
 92 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 r 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 The strength of the Sikh army was about 60,000 men of 
 all arms, and fifty-nine pieces of artillery, under the com- 
 mand of Sirdar Chutter Singh, and his son Eajah Shere 
 Singh, with a body of 1,500 Afghan horse, led by Akram 
 
 / Khan, son of the Ameer Dost Mahomed Khan. It, there- 
 fore, was a matter of urgency, that the Mooltan reinforce- 
 
 •T . ,^^inents, as we have seen, should effect a junction with the 
 
 ' , 'force under the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 ^ i 
 
 2- • Brigadier Markham had crossed the Chenab at Kanokee 
 
 by forty-seven boats. Brig. -Gen. Dundas, who had been 
 repeatedly urged to join by forced marches, in conse- 
 quence of not having at first paid sufficient attention to 
 his orders, during the last two days, reheved the anxiety 
 of Lord Gough, by a march of forty-five miles, — harassing 
 to troops on the eve of battle, and which might have been 
 avoided by less compromising procrastination. 
 I'^/J-' On the 20th February, a reconnoissance was made of the 
 enemy's position, and it was ascertained that their camp 
 nearly encircled the finely situated town of Googerat, 
 their regular troops being placed immediately fronting 
 
 j".-^- .': -\u'"t'' tJ-
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 93 
 
 the British advance, and in the open space between the 
 
 town and a deep watercourse, the tortuous dry bed of the 
 
 river Dwara.- 
 
 ^/l^^;S^ This nullah, passing round nearly two sides of the town, 
 
 "^^^Z ' diverges to a considerable distance on its northern and 
 
 ^ western faces, and then taking a southerly direction, runs 
 
 \ through the centre of the encampment previously occujiied 
 
 by the British, at Shadawalla. 
 
 Thus, the enemy's position on the right, owed its chief 
 ^ C-' ^ strength to this nullah affording cover to the Infantry, 
 < 4-;: in front of his guns; while another deep, though narrow 
 wet nullah — an affluent of the Chenab — running from the 
 east of the town, covered his left. 
 * The ground between these nullahs, for a space of nearly 
 
 _^ three miles, was a dead level, without obstructions of any 
 kind — some three isolated villages rising considerably 
 above it,- — and was well calculated for the transit of the 
 heavy guns, as well as the operations of other arms. 
 ^ Accordingly, the Commander-in-Chief, with the design 
 fr-^'^of penetrating the centre of the enemy's line, so as to 
 (/ ^ -i" turn the position of his force in rear of the nullah, and 
 j^-t-r thus enable the British left wing to cross it, in co- 
 operation with the movement of the right wing, and so 
 double upon the centre of the enemy's wing opposed to it — 
 gave the word, and, at half- past 7 a.m. the army advanced, 
 with the precision of a parade, in the following order : — 
 
 On the left, the Bombay column, under Brigadier the 
 Hon. H. Dundas, supported by Sir Joseph Thackwell
 
 ^9> 
 
 94 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 (second in command), with White's Cavalry brigade, the 
 Scinde Horse, and Duncan's, and Huish's troops of Horse 
 Artillery ; while the Infantry was covered by the Bombay 
 Horse Artillery, under Blood. 
 
 On the right of the Bombay column, with its right 
 resting on the nullah, Brig.-Gren. Campbell's division of 
 Infantry, covered by Ludlow's and Robertson's Light Field 
 batteries. 
 n^,_ ' In reserve. Brigadier Hoggan's Infantry Brigade. 
 
 ^^^ On the right of the nullah, and in alignment with the 
 f /force on the left of it,- — the Infantry division of Sir 
 y^ Walter E,. Gilbert, on the left flank of which, and nearest 
 the nullah, were the heavy guns, eighteen in number, 
 drawn by elephants, mider Majors Day and Horsford, 
 and Captain Sir Richmond Shakespear. 
 » y The line was far^er-^rolongedTby Whish/s division of 
 
 ..^ Infantry, with Markham's brigade in support, covered by 
 the three troops of Horse Artillery of Fordyce, Macken- 
 zie, and Anderson, with Dawes' Light Field Battery, — 
 Lane and Kenleside's troops of Horse Artillery in a 
 second line being in reserve, under Col. Brind. 
 ^r> The right flank was protected by Brigadier Hearsey's 
 
 and Lockwood's Cavalry, and Warner's troop of Horse 
 Ai'tillery. 
 
 The baggage was protected by Lieut.-Col. Mercer, with 
 the 5th and 6th Light Cavahy, 45th and 69th Native 
 Infantry, and the Bombay Light Field Battery. 
 
 The village of Burra Kalra, the centre of the three 
 
 ^(^Iv-
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 95 
 
 mid-way in the plain, and that of Chota Kalra on the 
 right, were almost simultaneously attacked ; the former 
 by Pemiy's brigade, and the latter by that of Harvey, 
 while the third village, on the left, was taken without 
 resistance by the skirmishers of the 24th Foot.* 
 
 The enemy had been observed to fall back in consider- 
 al)le numljers on Burra Kalra, which was flanked by two 
 SJkh batteries. Sir Walter Gilbert ordered Penny's 
 brigade to storm it, when at about 200 yards distance, 
 in consequence of the galling fire of the retreating Sikhs <:, ^ 
 from it. The 2nd Europeans, supported by the 31st and 
 70tli Native Infantry, and led on by their gallant Briga-; 
 dier himself, advanced to the attack. The resistance was, 
 most obstinate on the j)art of a portion of the enemy, who 
 covered the retreat of their comrades from the other side, 
 of the village, as the British entered it. No quarter was; 
 given. Those who shut themselves up in the small mud 
 huts and houses, found there no protection. The doors 
 were burst open, volley after volley was poured in, and 
 the defenders perished, fightingJbraiVely;_to^ the last, with 
 a rare courage, as the casualties of the victors proved — 1 72 
 in the Native Infantry alone, exclusive of the Europeans. 
 Three standards were captured during the combat. 
 While the left wing of the Europeans held the village, 
 the right debouched on the plain, and found themselves 
 
 * The enemy directed a heavy cannonade, but it was ineffective, 
 the shot passing at least thirty paces to the left of this village.
 
 96 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 under a. hot fire of grape and canister, which was concen- 
 trated upon them, in consequence of the supporting troop 
 of Horse Artillery having been disabled in the attack. 
 r In the meantime, the village of Chota Kalra was 
 * "^ '*■ , carried in brilliant style by Harvey's brigade, composed 
 of the 10th Foot, imder Col. Franks, and the 52nd and 
 8th Native Infantry, supported by Fordyce's troop of 
 Horse Artillery. The assailants effected an entrance 
 under a galling fire from looj) holes. The 10th Foot in 
 a few minutes had sixty, the 52nd, thirty-five, and the 
 8th, fifty-nine, put liors de combat. During this affair, 
 / Anderson's Horse Artillery was exposed to a heavy fire, 
 under which their leader fell mortally woimded; while 
 Fordyce's troop was nearly annihilated. 
 
 The Sikh Cavalry made several attempts to turn the 
 
 British right, but were out-manoeuvred by Brigadier 
 
 Hearsey. " The enemy," says Thackwell, " poured a 
 
 ' heavy fire into the 14th Dragoons,* whose skirmishers 
 
 often resolutely repulsed the daring foe." 
 
 Warner's troop of Horse Artillery arrested the advance 
 n ■ /of the Grhorchurhas, a large party of whom, however, 
 * ' penetrated to the rear of the heavy guns, and approached 
 Lord Gough, but were put to flight by the personal 
 escort under Lieut. Stanners, who received a severe 
 wound. On the same occasion, Mr. Cocks, of the Civil 
 
 ^lA^ 
 
 * This corps lost in the action and pursuit, one European officer 
 killed and two wounded, and four rank and file wounded.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 97 
 
 Service, who accompanied his Lordship , met a Sikh who 
 
 had dismounted to attack the latter in single combat, 
 
 and, after receiving a very severe wound in the leg, \ 
 
 succeeded in slaying the bold assailant. 
 
 The enemy opened a feeble fire on White's Cavalry 
 Brigade, which was soon silenced by the guns of Huish , , 
 and Duncan. Observing tliat the Sikhs had abandoned ^ 
 
 one of their guns, a party of Huish's troop, on securing 
 it, discovered it to be one of their own, which had been 
 taken at Chillianwalla. 
 
 During the battle, a large Sikh gun had drawn a very ,- 
 heavy fire on itself from the British Artillery, and all its |r , 4*^^ 
 gunners were hors de combat, save two men. These, how- ' 
 ever, continued to serve it, as the line approached. At 
 length, one of these heroic men was killed ; but, so in- 
 domitable was the courage of the last survivor, that alone, 1 
 and unaided, he succeeded in firing two rounds, and then 
 " took to flight," or, as in European warfare it would be 
 described, — abandoned his gun when further resistance ^ 
 was impossible. 
 
 A wounded Sikh, in the same proud spirit, exclaimed,[ <^ 
 as a British officer passed by — "God has given you the' 
 battle." 
 
 The cannonade was magnificent, and terrible in its [ 
 efEect. '^'^^jv 
 
 The Sikh guns were served with their usual rapidity ; 
 and the enemy well, and resolutely, maintained his position 
 
 7
 
 98 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 as long as it was tenable under the British fire, and 
 sullenly fell back. 
 
 The heavy guns continued to advance with extraordi- 
 nary celerity, taking up successive forward positions, and 
 driving the enemy from those to which he had retired, 
 while the rapid advance, and splendid practice of the 
 Horse Artillery and Light Field batteries, — strengthened 
 by two troops of the former, under Brind, brouglit from 
 the reserve, the whole being under the superintendence 
 of Brigadier Brooke, — broke the ranks of the enemy at all 
 points. 
 
 Large bodies of Sikh Cavalry hovered in front, while 
 the Afghans, on their right, under Akram Khan, threat- 
 ened the British left. The Scinde Horse, however, headed 
 by the dauntless Malcolm, and supported by two squad- 
 rons of the 9th Lancers, dashed with impetuosity upon 
 them, and sent them flying in retreat, leaving in the 
 hands of the victors two standardsj gallantly captured. 
 
 • The rout of the Afghans was immediately followed by 
 a wavering in the enemy's right wing, which was soon 
 converted into a flight, followed by the remainder of his 
 forces. 
 
 The whole Lifantry line now rapidly advanced, and 
 drove the enemy before it ; the nullah was cleared, the 
 guns in position carried, the camp captured, and the 
 enemy routed in every direction, — the right wing with 
 Campbell's division in pursuit, passing to the east^vard of
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 99 
 
 the town of Goog^^rat, while the Bombay column advanced 
 on the westward. 
 
 The British Cavalry was launched in. pursuit. The 
 whole country was strewn with the wreck of the Khalsa 
 power, — guns, bullocks, wagons, tents, standards, and 
 merchandize, &c. For miles around the country pre- 
 sented a dreary spectacle of the dead and the dying. 
 Many cast away their arms and uniform to disguise their 
 profession. Others hid themselves in the corn-fields and 
 villages, but, the cavalry of Hearsey and Lockwood, dis- 
 persing in every direction, drove them out with great 
 slaughter. 
 
 Corporal Payne, of the 14th Dragoons, captured a 
 standard from a fugitive, and cut him down at the same c ^ .y 
 time, while Major Scudamox^j^ received a severe wound "7 
 
 from a Sikh whose life he had spared. 
 
 The troopers did not draw rein until they had pro- 
 ceeded a distance of fourteen miles, by which time, even- 
 ing had closed in. General Tha^kwenjntended to bivouac .., . P-*x. 
 for the night, and resume the pursuit next morning, but'i -' ' 
 was recalled by Lord Cough. Had the pursuit continued, 
 however, there can be little doubt that it must have been 
 kept up by the Cavalry alone, for, even during the heat of • ■ .^ 
 the pursuit. Blood's magnificent troop of Bombay Horse ^-^ / / 
 Artillery, was the only one that rendered any assistance. 
 
 Unlike their followers, it is said that the majority of' - 
 the Sikh chieftains, early la the day, deserted the field, }
 
 100 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 and fled towards the Jhelum, taking with them the 
 English officers made prisoner at Peshawur and 
 ^ I Attock. 
 
 The Afghans never halted till they had reached the 
 
 fj7 Jhelum, a distance of more than, thirty miles. Akram 
 
 • Khan, their leader, who was wounded, did not stop until 
 
 ^ tj^p he had crossed that river, and approached close to Eawul 
 
 ^^ ([^ -Pindee. 
 
 It l*-*!/^ ■" -^f ^6^ ^^6 battle, small detachments were posted at the 
 
 / »«W principal fords of the Chenab, to disarm any fugitives 
 
 • 'returning home, but, to allow them their liberty, and the 
 
 \ ! retention of their horses. 
 
 •;- '\'-' ' I Meantime, on reaching Googerat, the 2nd Brigade of 
 
 "^ "Whish's force took possession of the eight gates, and then 
 
 of the fort, where about eighty of the enemy laid down 
 
 - 'their arms, and were made over as prisoners to the 30th 
 
 ^^ Eiegtment, along with other detachments, found in different 
 
 .,„t^*^ parts of the town, that, with few exceptions, made no 
 
 i, 'i/.' -.J. resistance. 
 
 Four comjjanies (two of the 32nd Foot, and two of the 
 ^^,,,..^-^5 1st Native Infantry), while proceeding to occupy the 
 town, captured a gun, standard, and some horses, with 
 the loss of one man killed, and an officer of the former 
 corps wounded ; and, about the same time, a sub-division 
 of the 10th Foot, and the Grenadier Company of the 
 62nd Native Infantry, gallantly stormed and captured a 
 temple and garden defended by the enemy, who suffered 
 
 ^H
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 101 
 
 severely, between thirty and forty having been put liors de ''' ■ "^ 
 combat, and a great number taken prisoners. 
 
 The Sikhs left their picturesque camp standing near S / ^ 
 the Bura-daree, a kind of pleasure house, in an orange | 
 grove, close to the town. But, before the order was 
 issued the following day, commanding all persons pos- 
 sessed of spoil, to deliver it up, the whole encampment, 
 to the very tents themselves, had vanished piece-meal 
 amongst the British camp-followers. 
 
 An Infantry oflSeer, entering one of the enemy's tents, 
 was taken by surprise. A stalwart Sikh had ventured to 
 remain, and now confronted him ! Drawing his sword, 
 the latter dashed past him, at the same time inflicting a ^ 
 severe wound, and escaped. 
 
 The Bombay troops saw little of the battle ; the enemy 
 gradually retired as they advanced. The 60th Rifles were 
 extended in skirmishing order, but did not come into 
 collision with the foe. 
 
 Immediately after the battle, life and property were, 
 by a proclamation, assured to the terrified citizens of 
 Googerat, most of whom had temporarily sought safety 
 in concealment, and, next morning, the town presented its 
 ordinary appearance. 
 
 The troops that remained at Googerat were, for some 
 days, occupied with the exjilosion of the different maga- 
 zines and tumbrils, with which the camp abounded, and, 
 in the course of doing so, two European soldiers, and
 
 102 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 V fou r Sepo js, thoughtlesslv sitting down to smoke on an 
 I ammunition wagon, were blown into the air. 
 
 The total loss sustained by the British in this crowning 
 victory, was ninety-six (including five European officers) 
 killed ; and 711 (including twenty-four European officers) 
 wounded, — in all 807. 
 
 The British captured fifty-three * of the enemy's guns, 
 some of which, however, were of very small calibre, and. 
 it is only surprising, what an admirable use was made of 
 them against the overwhelming artillery of the victors, — 
 namely, eighteen pieces of heavy ordnance, and sixty-six 
 9-pounders, exclusive of the Bombay Artillery. 
 
 From the point of view of the author, then an officer 
 of Campbell's division, the general features of the action 
 may be thus described : — 
 
 The battle of Googerat was a magnificent scenic display. 
 The day was bright, and the sky cloudless. The immense 
 level expanse of young corn, about four inches high, pre- 
 sented a sea of verdure, bounded, in the far distance, by 
 the snowy range of Cashmere. To the left rose the towers 
 of the walled city of Googerat, with orange groves in great 
 part surrounding it, while the mid-distance was occu- 
 pied by three nearly equi-distant mounds, on which 
 stood ancient and isolated mud and brick villages, each 
 with a small pond of water close to it. Here and there 
 
 * The total number finally captured, including fifty at Mooltan, 
 was 158. The British actually had at Googerat 106 pieces.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 103 
 
 a few light and graceful Arabian acacia and wild plum 
 trees, alone broke the view, and from one to the other, 
 flights of small birds, scared by the advancing red line, 
 and the thunder of artillery, were twittering to and fro, 
 in their alarm. 
 
 This great cultivated plai n was bisected by a deep dry 
 nullah or watercourse. 
 
 The first note of battle was a cloud of white smoke 
 curling up into the blue sky, on the right of the enemy's 
 hne, and immediately afterwards came the booming of 
 a gun, as a round shot ploughed the_g]:fiU£xi_in front. 
 
 The order was then given to engage, whereupon the 
 batteries of artillery, from the intervals of brigades, 
 galloped about 300 yards to the front of the line, which 
 lay down, and opened fire. These batteries were con- 
 nected by skirmishers in extended order, — while, in the 
 centre of the British force, and on the right of the 
 nullah, advanced the stately elephants, the central one 
 bearing on its back the banner of St. George, with its 
 red. cross on a white field, waving in the light breeze. 
 These animals were drawing the heavy guns, which had 
 only a few days before reached the army. 
 
 After each interval of cannonading, as the enemy 
 slackened fire, and retired, the Infantry advanced, pre- 
 ceded by the Artillery, and skirmishers in the same order ; 
 and, again and again, the same tactics were repeated. 
 
 The striped red and white tents of the enemy's camp, 
 below the walls of Googerat, were now in sight, when
 
 ^ 
 
 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 a cloud of horsemen rushed past the skirmishers of the 
 24th, from the direction of the elephants and heavy 
 guns. The men prepared to fire, but some one cried 
 out, " They are our own Irr egulars," — when another, 
 
 \ seeing two sowars on the same house, shouted, — " Our 
 men would not ride in that fashion towards the enemy ! " 
 and taldng instant aim, he brought them down. Before 
 the remainder could profit by the momentary hesitation 
 of the skirmishers, about half-a-dozen more were struck 
 .by the fire now fully opened upon them. 
 
 ,,/f Lieut. Hiude, a young officer always cheerful and 
 calm in danger, observing one of the slain horsemen to 
 be very handsomely dressed, said to the narrator, 
 " Come, let us see who the fellow is," and both pro- 
 ceeded to the spot. The fallen man seemed to be an 
 Afghan of note, and was remarkably handsome. On his 
 finger was a gold^ring, on the stone of which, in Per- 
 sian characters, was engraven his name, followed by " Chief 
 of Ghorchurhas" (Afghaja Cavalry). This trophy was 
 securedby the officer mentioned. 
 
 Later on in the day many large triangular red and 
 green gold embroidered silken standards were picked up, 
 and three of these afterwards come into the possession of 
 the same officers, but were lost or stolen some weeks 
 later. 
 
 But, to return. — After the repulse of the enemy's 
 Cavalry, which, as it appeared, had made a dash to 
 capture the heavy guns, there arose a dense cloud of
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 105 
 
 reddish dust, which completely obscured jthc Sikh 
 position. The monotonous sound of familiar tom-toms 
 or drums, had suddenly ceased, and, in their stead came 
 a rushing sound as of feeti_from.ilie cloud of -darkness. 
 The explanation was simple. The enemy had taken 
 to flight, entirely abandoning all his guns, and camp 
 equipage. 
 
 The British Cavalry was now launched in pursuit, /i" • f-^^ 
 while the Infantry, advancing through the gaily striped' ■ -: 
 tents which had been abandoned, drew up in line on 
 the left, and a little in advance of the town of 
 Groogerat. 
 
 It was now nea rly sunset ; arms we re pil ed ; and, while •^' '^ 
 here and there, mines and combustibles were exploding, 1^ ', 
 the bands of the various regiments struck up, at the hour , • 
 of retreat, their martial music, dominated by the spirit- 
 stirring " Rule Britannia." 
 
 In Indian battles, it may be observed, that quarter is 
 rarely bybt given or taJcen, and never can be forgotten 
 the expression on the countenances of two severely 
 wounded Sikhs, who were discovered secreted ui a small 
 house, after the battle had ceased. On lifting the 
 purdah, or curtain, behind which they lay, they looked ^ 
 steadily at the intruder, as much as to say, " We are 
 in your power, — do your worst." It was evident that 
 they were prepared to die without any further struggle, 
 and listened with indifference to the officer's assurance
 
 106 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 that they were safe, and should be sent to hospital, 
 and taken care of. 
 / This indifference to death, is not always, however, 
 ; paralleled by indifference to pain and danger. 
 
 Sometimes, through what might be regarded as mere 
 
 _JivhJJQlsicalrt^ the natives of India display considerable 
 
 indifference to danger. Thus, at the battle of Googerat, 
 
 an officer skirmishing in front, was surprised to find that 
 
 his young Khidmutgar (Mahomedan table attendant), 
 
 had followed under _fire, to offer him a small bottle of 
 
 ^ . sherry and water, with a biscuit. Yet, some month's later, 
 
 ■^ « the same man stole his horse !
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 107 
 
 . ^ , J CHAPTER XII. 
 
 iOn the morning" of the 22nd, two flying columns were ^ ^ 
 /despatched in pursu it of the- enemy. The smaller under / 
 Brig. -Gen. Campbell, which included the 24th Foot, pro- > ^ 
 ceeded to the Bimbu Pass, to secure any guns which 
 might have taken that route, and returned in a few days 
 without any result. 
 p. The larger, under Sir Walter E. Gilbert, proceeded by 
 Dinghee to the Jhelum, and crossing that river, followed 
 up the enemy with such vigour, that, on the 6th March, ' 
 the Sikh Commander allowed his prisoners, — taken at 
 Peshawar and Attock, to go over to Gilbert's camp ; and, 
 ►"M*" on the 8th^_Sheee.. Singh had an interview with that 
 V'^''"'' General and Major Mackeson, and was informed of the 
 only terms admissible, namely, unconditional surrender. 
 
 On the lith, Sirdar Chuttur Singh, Eajah Shere Singh, 
 and the principal Sikh leaders, deliveredtheir swords into 
 the hand>^ of the British General ; and, at the same time, , 
 were surrendered fo rty-one pie ces of artillery ; while the 
 remnant of _the Sikh army, without provisions, with , 
 Abbot's force on their rear, the Cashmerians on their
 
 108 COMMBNTAEIES ON 
 
 /s right, Sheik Eman ood Deen and Gilbert in front, — to the 
 I . number of 16,000 men, laid down their arms in presence 
 ^' '\ of the British troops.* 
 
 . V On the 21st March, Grilbert came in sight of Peshawar, 
 
 ^ ^, rand occupied that important stronghold. 
 ""^ Galloping to Attock with his staff, and a small escort 
 of Cavalry, the General surprised the Afghans, who, on 
 the farther side of the Indus, were in the act of destroy- 
 ing the bridge of boats ; but, at once, in presence of a 
 f ' troop of the British Horse Artillery, abandoned their 
 ' attempt, when seventeen of their best boats fell into the 
 I hands of the indefatigable General. 
 
 The Afghan Army, commanded by the Ameer Dost 
 Mahomed Khan in person, had, in the meantime, on the 
 I 19th, precipitately retreated from Peshawar; and, thus 
 
 /' 'I " these brilliant results," says Lord Gough in his de- 
 spatch of March 25th, — " have been obtained without a 
 single shot being fired by our troops, since the victory of 
 Googerat." 
 
 ^^^_,(^ The annexation of the Punjab was proclaimed, on the 
 
 ,/^' i 30th March 1849. 
 
 In April, the leaders Chuttur Singh, and his two sons, 
 " I __ Shere Singh and Outar Singh, were dismissed to their 
 
 ij~y native village, Attari , with a competence. 
 '"^ ^fyf' Moolraj, the traitor or patriot of Mooltan, was sentenced 
 ) J^ in July (1849), to imprisonment for life. 
 
 * This incident is represented on tlie reverse of the medal granted 
 to the army of the JPunjab.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 109 
 
 Dhuleep Singh, the titular sovereign of the Punjab, ,/fi£iA 
 yielded up his rights for an annual pension of 50,000Z., ,--' / 
 with liberty to dwell wherever he might choose, beyond 
 the limits of his late kingdom. 
 
 The Royal treasures of Lahore were secured, and from 
 the sj)oil, the celebrated diamond, the Koh-i-noor, was 
 reserved for the Queen of England. 
 
 The remainder of the spoil, valued at many m illions, 
 was adjudged to the army by whose instrumentality it 
 had been acquired, and, in the meantime, six monihus batta i 
 was all that the captors of Mooltan, the victors oi\L,'ij-^ 
 Googerat, and, the final conquerors of a warlike nation, y jf/>^ 
 were permitted to receive; and, with a few exceptions', 
 among the higher grades, this was all that the ofl&cers 
 and men ever had; for, under an extraordinary arith- 
 metical coincidence, it was ascertained, when millions came 
 to be apportioned, that the latter had received, in batta, 
 the exact equivalent of their share of prize money, and, 
 accordingly, as the donative wa s dp(l nctefl froTn the latter, 
 the balance was found to have been already struck ! A 
 more equitable system, as regards the proportion of 
 shares, in the distribution of prize-money has, since then, 
 been established. But, as the fate of the Kirwee, and 
 other prize property has sh own, there is no absolute 
 security for the soldier, against the necessities of t he 
 State, — ^if , indeed, only the State. S (^t^
 
 110 COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Until the appearance of 'J'hackwell's "Narrative of the 
 ^ " . Second SeikhWar," the Parhamentary.Blue Book of that 
 campaign, could scarcely have afforded to the reader, un- 
 acquainted personally with the subject, without a very 
 careful analysis of its contents, any very j^erspicuous idea 
 ,, of the sequence of events. Moreover, many incidents of 
 C-^'t V that remarkable campaign, have been overlooked, either 
 f fSi unavoidably, or owing to circumstances of a peculiar 
 ^ nature ; and it is remarkable, that Lord Grough himself 
 should not have considered it necessary to correct any 
 of the numerous errors that crept into public notice, 
 affecting, in some instances, his own reputation as a 
 commander. 
 
 In the annals of war, there are certain campaigns that 
 have given rise to more than ordinary diversity of criti- 
 cism, even when the principal events might appear to 
 have been the easiest of narration. 
 
 As regards the wars of Great Britain, one of the causes 
 of this difficulty, j)rior to th 3 period of the__Crimean, 
 appears to have arisen, in distant parts, such as India,
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. Ill 
 
 from the absence of those xmprofessional, and conse- 
 quently, untrammelled corresponde nts of the Pres s^ whose-' <J^ 
 accounts of operations in the field, have rarely heen''''^" 
 influenced by ofiicial prescription which dictated who 
 should, and who should not, irrespective of merit, be 
 brought to the notice of their countrymen. 
 
 It has been said by an eminent German, that " it is a ; 
 
 i 
 kind of piety to move along without consideration." But 
 
 in war, on the other hand, it seems to be a disparage- 
 ment of Providence to be hindered from motion through 
 the apprehension of stumbling. 
 
 With all his proverbial personal gallantry, Lord Gough, 
 has been accused by his detractors of timidity as well as 
 rashness of judgment. But, his fault may rather have 
 been, that he relied too much, in the Council, onthe 
 opinions of those whose plausible assurance, animated by \J>L^ G^ 
 doubtful motives, were mistaken by him for the evidence C^~f 
 of superior ability. " 
 
 While a strildng vigour marked his conduct of the First 
 Seikh Campaign, extreme vacillation, — no doubt, in a/ / / 
 great measure, du^„to.j)olitical and distant influences, to I ^ 
 which the field operations were subordinated — ch aracterised / 
 the Second. 
 
 At the very outset, orders and counter-orders succeeded 
 each other so rapidly, that a state of feverish excitement, 
 prejudicial to the public interests, was unnecessarily, as 
 time has shown, kept uj) ; and regiments showed the effects 
 of varying and harassing rumours, in their hospital returns.
 
 fH- 
 
 112... COMMENTARIES ON 
 
 / The intelligence department of the army was defective, 
 strategical blunders were very naturally the result, and 
 in order to cover these, the chronology of events, was ob- 
 scured in the General's despatches, — -an instance of which 
 is to be found in those relating to the affair of Sadoola- 
 pore,* when Sir Joseph Thackwell, in command of a de- 
 * . tached force, making a forced march to Wuzeerabad, 
 f i missed his way, and being discovered by the enemy, was 
 himself surprised by the sudden appearance of the Sikh 
 ,.army in his front, while Lord Gough, supporting as was 
 5 '^ [believed this diversion, delayed a whole day, cannonading 
 ^1^ 'the evacuated Sikh position at the ford of the Chenab, 
 tiear Ramnuggur — which were long suppressed. 
 
 It ought not, however, to be forgotten, that, although 
 
 Lord Gough f had at first ignored the signs of revolt at 
 
 h 'J Mooltan, and, had only thrown off his inactivity on the 
 
 ^ urgent remonstrance of Lord Dalhousie, it was the latter 
 
 ^^^ who restrained him, from the 5th of December (1848), 
 
 until the 12th of January following. 
 
 According to the belief of Sir Henry Lawrence, not 
 more than 10,000 Sikhs, were opposed to Thackwell, at 
 Sadoolapore, on the 3rd December, and, it is not im- 
 probable that, had Lord Gough, instead of listening to 
 
 I^ 
 
 
 ^t"^ 
 
 * The able compiler of a certain Dictionary of Dates was excus- 
 ably led into an error throiigli the same cause. 
 
 f Lord Gough seems to have attributed nervousness to Sir F. Currie 
 as Resident at Lahore, and absurd stories were afloat on the 
 subject.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 113 
 
 timid counsels, crossed the Chenab on that day, the resiilt 
 would have been a decisive victory. / - 
 
 fi "^ i^^yJBut, there was no efficient co-operation between the two 
 forces of the British ; and Thackwell, equally uncertain of 
 the movements of the Commander-in-Chief and of the 
 enemy, w as satisfied to hold his ground. Arnold says, z^- 
 " Thackwell's guns, however, after two hours fighting, ■ 
 completely subdued the Sikh fire." But this is in- ; / 
 correct, as the particulars related elsewhere show, that 
 Thackwell, having passively sustained the enemy's fire 
 for nearly four hours without returning a shot, at length 
 opened fire, but, only when the enemy's object of keeping', 
 him in check had succeeded, and they were, in conformity/ '> 
 to their original design, already retiring. ' 
 
 Lord Dalhousie, conscious of the j)ossession of com- 
 manding talents, was, perhaps, too ready to overlook the 
 fact, that, although his inferior in mental calibre. Lord 
 Gough, with many noble qualities, was also the favourite .' ■ 
 of fortune ; and, as a successful General, had won the ' t 
 devoted at tachm ent, and even confi dence of the army, -- 
 which, appreciating his great personal gallantry in the 
 field, was reconciled, in a measure, to such losses as might 
 be occasio ned by a strategy, which, however, always i 
 resulted in victory. 
 
 Thackwell, in his " Narrative of the Second Sikh War," 
 while reflecting on the capacity of Lord Gough as a com- 
 mander, to some extent neutralizes his_jtrictures, by re- 
 ferring to the tutelage imposed upon him by a distant
 
 ^^ 
 
 114 COMMENTAEIES ON 
 
 civilian, whose representative in camp, practically relieved 
 the General of much of his responsibility. As an in- 
 stance of this subordination of military to political con- 
 siderations, it was well kaown, that while negociations 
 with Shere Singh were pending, shortly after the battle 
 of Chillianwalla, beef was not killed in the British camp, in 
 deference to the enemy's veneration of the sacred animal. 
 
 At the same time, it seems only reasonable that, under 
 the peculiar circumstances of the British rule in India, 
 some political authority should always be present with the 
 Commander in the field. 
 
 Sir C. J. Napier, the successor of Lord Gough, resisted 
 
 any such check upon his military operations and com- 
 / ■ 
 
 mand. But, this arose from his self-confidence, which 
 -/ •' 
 ' / was quite equal to that of the Governor-General. Each 
 
 seemed to regard the other as his intellectual inferior, — 
 and, at the same time, the talents of both were too much 
 alike, to admit of harmony between them. The conse- 
 quence was, that this incompatibility of ^.emper weakened 
 S" the authority of both, and might have been detrimental 
 to the Imperial interests. 
 
 Lord Dalhousie, with the same autocratic disposition as 
 Lord EUenborough, missed the popularity of the latter, 
 who invariably recognised the fact, that I ndia is ruled jby 
 the sword, whereas, the former had the reputation of 
 affecting to undervalue the true source of power, and was 
 even unworthily suspected of seeking to intercept the glory 
 of the Commander by the subtleties of diplomacy.
 
 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 115 
 
 In the army of former times, — or, thirty years ago, — the 
 great difficulty was, not to induce officers to acquire a 
 knowledge of the higher duties of their profession, but 
 rather to overcome the jealousy of superior and yet limited, 
 knowledge, which was supposed by the higher grades to 
 be the special privilege of each, in progressive degrees. 
 Under that system, young officers who, after perhaps 
 three years service, and who had never really been 
 taught a kuowledge of drill, were, sometimes, invested 
 with independent command, while others, with a suffi- 
 cient amount of instruction, for the period, but who 
 happened to have, on first appointment, joined their corps, 
 might be rigourously relegated to the supernumerary 
 rank, for years, and never be afforded, all the while, a 
 single opportunity of commanding their own companies. 
 
 Thus, under an arbitrary Colonel, or one whose authority 
 was delegated to an Adjutant, majors were ciphers, and 
 subalterns grew to be captains without confidence in 
 themselves, while their special powers were usurped, — 
 and the terrorism of the confidential and secret report 
 induced them, too often, to submit to an abridgment of 
 their authority. 
 
 It has always been the bane of the army of India, that 
 a jealousy between, the officers of the European and Native .^ 
 Infantry regiments has subsisted, which used, sometimes, 
 to be fomented oven by those who had risen to high 
 command. 
 
 The imputation that the best officers of a Native in- 
 
 8 A
 
 116 THE PUNJAB CAMPAIGN. 
 
 fantry corps were almost invariably removed to the staff, was 
 felt, by those who remained with their regiments, as a dis- 
 paragement. At the same time, these favoured officers, and 
 those of the Queen's corps seemed to coalesce, while the latter, 
 in many instances, asserted an unintelligent exclusiveness. 
 
 But, in the course of time, the advantages have been 
 reversed, by the amalgamation of the two services, and 
 the local officer has not only secured a superior retire- 
 ment, but, has acquired official rank in England, for 
 which the former had been a compensation. Hence, many 
 remarkable anomalies. 
 
 A new era dawned with the struggle on the banks of 
 the Jhelum and the Chenab. The conquest of the Punjab 
 led to the annexation of Oude, and both events exercised 
 a powerful, although opposite, influence during the sub- 
 sequent revolt of the Bengal army. 
 
 When the kingdom of the Sikhs was reduced to the 
 position of a British province. Sir Henry Lawi'ence was 
 appointed its first Governor, and, although he was blamed 
 for a generous policy of non-exaction, by justice, concilia- 
 tion, and tact, such as might have graced the narrative of 
 " The Anabasis," he won the confidence of a jiroud race, 
 enhanced the reputation of the English name, and lived 
 to see the fruits of an enlightened administration, in the 
 devotion and fidelity of those brilliant soldiers who fought 
 shoulder to shoulder with the British, for the maintenance 
 of an Empire which they had themselves disputed and lost.
 
 APPENDICES.
 
 119 
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 GENERAL NOTES, from PEIVATE JOUENALS, «fcc. 
 
 Chillianwalla. 
 ?4 "7 I. When the 24th had cleared the jungle, and were ad- 
 vancing on the enemy's battery in front the dak trees 
 {Butea frondosa) , between the large pools of water which 
 stood there, were entirely denuded of their fohage by 
 the successive discharges of grape-shot. 
 
 Here was foiind, it has been said, the body of a poor 
 bhestie, or water-carrier, attached to the regiment, who, 
 with singular generosity, and without any hope of reward, 
 had followed the Europeans with his massick (skin) of 
 water to afford a drink to such as might require it. 
 . There were many poor camp-followers of the same class, 
 equally disinterested. 
 
 II. The a ntelo pe, which used to walk in front of the 
 band of the 24th, was here also, in the thickest of the 
 fight, and seemed to bear a charmed life. Perhaps he was 
 spared through the superstition of the enemy, or perhaps 
 his life was of no consequence. 
 
 -/ 
 
 ■'.J
 
 120 APPENDIX A. 
 
 ^/,,A . III. The placid expression on the countenances of the 
 dead was remarkable ; but, in those cases in which the enemy- 
 had had time, in the fierce struggle, to cut open the lips 
 of dying or dead, to the ears, the expression was, of course, 
 very different. In one instance, an officer had had all his 
 fingers sliced off with a tulwar, ere he received the fatal 
 blow. His arms in death were still upraised, as though 
 in defence of his head, while the contortion of his features 
 was dreadful. 
 
 Most of the bodies were stripj^ed during the darkness 
 of the night, probably by the country-people, who had, 
 perhaps, taken advantage of the opportunity to plunder 
 the dead. 
 
 As the brigade was being driven from the guns. Major 
 
 ^VV" ■/ Harris, a tall portly old officer, appeared to be much 
 
 f'^ fatigued, and scarcely able to walk. In this condition, 
 
 -^ one of the enemy's sowars, who had ridden out from 
 
 between the intervals of the guns, rushed upon him un- 
 
 perceived from the rear, and cut him down with one blow 
 
 of his powerful tulwar. 
 
 Some of the dead appeared afterwards to have been 
 dragged completely through the thorny bushes, as evi- 
 denced by their bodies, the flesh of which was torn in 
 long ribbons by the peculiar crooked thorns of this 
 jungle. 
 
 rV. To give some idea of the nature of the disaster, it is 
 noticeable, that one of the senior officers of this ill-fated
 
 APPENDIX A. 121 
 
 corps, on passing another, like himself, wounded, exclaimed, 
 " This is a bad day for the 24th." ^ i^ 
 
 V. Lieut. Grant, of this regiment, who was orderly officer 
 to Brig.-Gen. Campbell, as soon as the latter perceived 
 that Pennicuick's brigade was advancing unflanked by 
 artillery, despatched him to look for guns, and bring 
 them up. But the mistake was even then iri-etrievable. 
 
 VI. When the 24th were rallying at the village of 
 Chillianwalla, an officer^ of^ rank, splendidly mounted on 
 an iron-grey Cabul horse, dashed wildly past, crying out 
 to themj^jto save themselvss, in the belief that the enemy's 
 Cavalry were in pursmt. But, the men knew better. ' 
 The horseman was evidently not a good judge of distance ; 
 but with this exception, he was considered a good officer, 
 as indeed appears from the fact, that he received pro- 
 motion, and the Companionship of the Bath. * 
 
 VII. The martial spirit_ofjthe artillerymen was very 
 conspicuous on this occasion, and the following incident 
 should not be passed over : — 
 
 In the d arkness an d^rg^in that succeeded to the action, 
 while some groups were arranging themselves in circles, 
 each man reclining on the side of his next neighbour, — a 
 apital protection against cold, — and others were seeking 
 unclaimed quilts which had been brought up, but which 
 now had no owners, an o ffice r parched with thirst accosted 
 a gunner, who, with a bucket, was about to take some
 
 122 APPENDIX A. 
 
 water from a pool, and offered him a rupee for a drink. 
 Bvxt the latter drew himself up proudly, and replied, 
 "No, Sir, a soldier never sells water on a battle-field: 
 you may have what you like, free." 
 
 There was another instance of liberality, amongst many 
 more which have been forgotten. A soldier of the 61st, 
 named Watson, hearing in the darkness, an officer com- 
 plaining that he could find nothing to smoke, suddenly 
 started up from the ground, and offered half of a pipeful 
 which was all that he possessed. The officer accepted it ; 
 and, while walking about in the dark, came upon one of 
 the Brigadier-General's orderly officers, who, being a per- 
 sonal friend, gave him a surprise, in the shape of half a 
 bottle of ale, and a piece of cold mutton and bread. It 
 was now the officer's opportunity to repay a kindness, and, 
 after calling out several times for Watson, at length the 
 man himself appeared, whereupon the former, to his great 
 satisfaction, shared with him the hon houche. 
 
 Vin. A day or two after this battle, the dead, stripped 
 naked and blood-stained, were brought into camp, slung up 
 by ropes, three or four, on each camel ; but the sight was so 
 repugnant to the feelings of the men, that the remainder 
 were buried where they fell, in shallow graves ; and it was 
 a tragic sight, afterwards, in the peculiar hght of the 
 gloamin, — jackals or dogs, dragging at the protruding 
 limbs of the dead, while on others, completely exposed,
 
 t 
 
 f 
 
 APPENDIX A. 123 
 
 these animals, and vultures, with flapping wings, were 
 contending for the carrion meal, on the body itself. 
 
 IX. The European regiments at Chillianwalla, observed 
 uniformity in dress. Thus, while the 24th Foot wore full y j 
 attire, with the then inconvenient chaco,* the 29th were 
 in undress jackets and forage caps. Some officers wore 
 their blue frock coats, some dark trowsers, and shell 
 jackets, and others, long rod or blue cotton coats, quilted, 
 with turbans ov ^iigrees wound round their forage caps. v.^^v'-|i 
 Considering the charaqter of the ground, and the prac- " 
 «2 tice of the enemy, of always, where possible, directing 
 ^ ** their principal fire on the colours of regiments, thus ex- 
 
 i.7-"^ ' posing the centre and commanding officer to increased 
 ^^ danger, the 29th Foot wisely and judiciously disregarding ' ,-it , . 
 
 "t^ the mere ]><)ni|> and circumstance of war, advanced in //»..^ 
 t more business-like fashion, with their standards cased. ^4 t 
 
 fQ X. Having learnt a lesson from the disaster that befell 
 
 Z|. the 24th, the troops, whenever practicable, were subse- 
 ^ ^,„,*»"''*'^uently exercised by corps, in advancing and firing in 
 
 if 
 
 loose order, a principle now fully established. 
 
 XI. It is a curious fact, as compared with the large pro- 
 motion of officers, in subsequent campaigns, that the only 
 officer of the Queen's army, under the grade of Captain, 
 rewarded with^a step of brevet rank, after Chillianwalla, 
 
 i^vi{ 
 
 * Many of these were lost, even in the advance.
 
 124 APPENDIX A. 
 
 was Lieutenant and Adjutant Macdonnell, Brigade Major 
 of Mountain's Brigade, in Sir W. R. Gilbert's division. 
 
 XII. Sir Henry Lawrence, and Lord GifEord, who had 
 attended Lord Gough on the field of Chillianwalla, left 
 the camp for Lahore on the 18th January. 
 
 Xni. A curious story is told, by Thackwell, of the 5th 
 '^^ Bengal Light Cavalry. Lord Gough, for some unexplained 
 reason, presented this corps with 100 ru pees ; but, with rare 
 modesty, under the circumstances, the men declined to 
 ^ accept the donation, as not due to themselves, and with 
 considerable magnaminity, purchased with it a piece of 
 plate, which they presented to the 14th Dragoons. 
 
 XIV. We have a suggestive incident in the following: — 
 A subaltern oificer, being one very dark night, on 
 out-lying picquet, after visiting the European chain of 
 sentries, conceived the idea of testing the vigilance of 
 those who continued the line of his own men, and, having 
 a quick ear, and keen sight, after passing far to the 
 front, succeeded in re-entering the British lines without 
 ■i r detectionj^ 
 
 S 7
 
 125 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 The name Pimjab, it is scarcely necessary to say, signifies 
 the region of the five waters or rivers (panj-dh), bounded 
 on the north-west by, but not including, the Indus, i 
 These five rivers ai'e : — 
 
 1. The Hydasjies, or Jhelum (Sanskrit, Vi-tasta, 
 " never standing "). 
 / 2. The Ascesines, or Chenab (Asikni, " the black or 
 
 j dark"). 
 
 I 3, The Hydraotes, or Ravi (Irawaii, "the water"; Ravi, 
 
 I " the sounding "). 
 
 4. The Hyphasis, Bibasa, or Beas (Vipasa, "uncon- 
 
 trollable"). "" ■ 
 
 5. The Sutlej (Satadm, " the hundred currentg-^'). 
 
 Between these rivers, the country is divided into Doabs, j / 
 1, the Sind Saugor, — Indus and Jhelum; 2, the Chuj, or t>***^ 
 Jetch ; 3, the Eechna ; 4, the Bari, or that between the 
 Beas and the Ravi. 
 
 " The people of the Punjab," says the Rev. C. E. Moberly 
 (in his Introduction to " Alexander the Great in the 
 Punjab, from Arrian, Book V."), " have always been war- I^ 
 like by n ecessity ; " and, their struggle against the Mace- 
 donian Conqueror, is but a type of subsequent conflicts in 
 defence of their liberty. In a.d. 1000, Mahmoud of 
 Ghuznee here encountered the stoutest resistance, while
 
 126 APPENDIX B. 
 
 Jenghis Khan, Timour, and others, were, successively, 
 unable to proceed to the conquest of India proper, until 
 1 this resistance had been subdued. In the seventeenth 1 "^ 
 ^ century, arose the fanatical " Sikhs" (disciples), or followers 
 
 of the Hindu schismatist Nanuk, 
 ^-■^ An invader, efiierging from the Afghan passes, and 
 crossing the Indus, as Alexander the Great did, opposite 
 Attock (the forhidden, beyond which a Hindu loses his 
 caste), would I'each a point where two great roads bi- 
 furcate. The western one, followed by Alexander, crossed 
 the Jlielum, below, Jelapur, the Chenab, below Eamnug- 
 gur, the Eavi, below Lahore, and the Sutlej, at its junc- 
 tion with the Beas. The eastern road was, by Jhelum, 
 Wuzeerabad, and Umritsir (foiintain of the water of life). 
 
 Alexander was compelled to take the former road, by 
 the position of Porus (Ptimsha, " the hero ") king, as is 
 supposed, of the Bari Doab.* 
 
 The battle with Porus has been described by Sir W. 
 Napier, and more recently by General Cunningham. Both 
 writers have drawn attention to the admirable skill dis- 
 played by the invader in his passage of the Jhelum, and 
 it has been observed, that "Alexander managed Ms ' battle 
 of Chillianwalla ' in a way which it is profitable to com- 
 pare " with the advance of Lord Gough from the Chenab, 
 to " the identical ground " where, in April or May, b.c. 326, '^ g 
 the Indian monarch was so iitterly defeated. f ■■■.■- 
 
 The characteristic of Alexander's strategy and tactics, / 
 was, a caution and preparation, which left little or nothing 
 
 * No sufficient reason seems to ha^'S been given for the exclusion 
 of the Jetch and Rechna Doabs. 
 
 f The village of " Mong," mentioned in connection with the 
 battle of Chillianwalla, is identical v.ith the NtKaiav of the Greek 
 historians ; and the Greek coins arc still occasionally found there 
 with the inscription " NIK.
 
 APPENDIX B. 127 
 
 to fortune. His lieutenants never failed when acting in- 
 dependently in the execution of his orders, for he had 
 imbued them with the power of his own commanding in- 
 tellect; and this fact, they seemed to recognise. One 
 mind animated the whole mass, and, the result was, har- 
 mony. How different from divided command, and " dual 
 government " in the field !
 
 128 
 
 APPENDIX 0. 
 
 The Second Advance of the 24i7i Foot, at Chilliamvalla. 
 
 " On tlie second advance of the 24th Regiment," . . . 
 at the battle of ChilHan walla, " Lieut. Archer commanded 
 No. 6 company," and, " although wounded in the leg, he 
 continued on the field till the close of the day," &c. (Signed) 
 A. G. Blachford, 20th September 1853. 
 
 The following are also extracts from subsequent letters 
 written by Maj.-Gen. Blachford, the originals of which 
 are in the possession of the oflBcer to whom they were 
 addressed, and have been periodically referred to the 
 Horse-Guards and War Office. 
 
 After the regiment had been rallied, and was advancing 
 in line, " Lieut. Archer led, and commanded No. 6 com- 
 pany," * — i.e., before Captain Blachford had overtaken 
 the advance, and after, the Adjutant- General Queen's 
 Troops (Lugard) had ridden out of sight. The former 
 
 * This officer continued in command of the same company, until 
 a captain, on the staff of the Governor-General, was temporarily 
 attached to the corps, when, by ordei of Lieut.-Col. M. Smith, it was 
 transferred to him, and its late commander was posted to another 
 company, as subaltern. But, he commanded the latter, on all out- 
 lying picquets, until the close of the campaign, but not within the 
 regimental camp.
 
 APPENDIX C. 129 
 
 continues — " I found myself senior officer on the fii'ld 
 with only seven officers to comioand. . . . Lieut. 
 Archer had, previously to this, rallied No. 7 company, 
 
 with the help of Colour- Sergeant Eastall " "I 
 
 know that you (Liout. A.) got hold of the Colour-Sergeant, 
 — Eastall was his name, and rallied the company (No. 7). 
 . . . This was the first company rallied . . . you 
 got (tooli) charge of No. 6 company, and led in the second 
 advance (in line)." 
 
 Capt. Blachford, succeeding to the temporary command 
 of the corps, prepared the Begimental Record. 
 
 Amongst other documentary references to the above 
 incidents, — and which, at the time, might have been multi- 
 plied, are the following : — 
 
 From James Michal. " I was with the Light Com- 
 pany of the 24th Regiment at Chillianwalla. I was 
 in the second advance, in which Mr. Hinde commanded 
 my company. The Brigadier-General (Campbell) rode 
 up, and told the regiment before the first advance, that 
 the battery before them must be taken without firing, 
 and at the point of the bayonet. No. 7 company ^ 
 being the first rallied, and drawn up for the second 
 advance, the Light Company was next rallied under En- 
 sign Hinde, and formed on its left. I was present when 
 it did so." 
 
 From Sergeant Thompson. " Colonel Brookes addressed 
 the regiment in the~~'(earliest) advance on the mound, 
 from which the enemy had retired (saying), 'Men, we are'h w.--<r'^ 
 going to charge the mound, and, by the grace of God, we ' ' 
 shall gain a glorious victory ! ' With that, he waved his 
 sword. In the next (and disastrous) advance. Colonel 
 Brookes did not again wave his sword, (after) Brig.-Geu. 
 Campbell had ridden up, and told us, ' You must not f "* 
 ytre, — steel ' (or ' the bayonet ') * must do the work,* " &c. ' 
 
 9
 
 130 APPENDIX 0. ^X,'~^\' 
 
 From SirE.Lugard. "War Office, 8th June 1865. . . . 
 I am desired by Sir Edward Lugard ... to acquaint you 
 that he will have much pleasure in corroborating your 
 statement, that when, at the battle of Chillianwalla, he 
 rode up and assumed command of the 24th Foot, in 
 order to lead it again against the enemy, you were, though 
 wounded, one of the seven officers that followed him in 
 that advance . . ." 
 
 The following narrative is the more necessary, as the 
 above extracts contain (as will be noticed on comparing 
 them), some obscurities : — 
 
 " Lieut. Archer, at his own request, was, in the absence 
 of his regiment, appointed to serve with the 24th Foot, by 
 *;>' the Commander-in-Chief in India, with the approval of the 
 G-overnor-G-eneral, and accordingly joined the latter corps, 
 f on the eve of the combat of Eamnugger (22 Nov. 1848}j^' ^ " 
 at which he was present. He continued throiighout the 
 Punjab campaign, with the corps to which he was attached. 
 At the passage of the Chenab, and action of Sadoolapore, 
 he was with the skirmishers covering the advance ; and 
 afterwards, at the final victory of Googerat. In the 
 meantime, however, was fought the battle of Chillianwalla 
 (the occasion of these remarks), when he was still doing 
 duty with No. 7 company, which, in consequence of Cap- 
 tain Blachford's acting as field-officer, was commanded 
 by Lieut. Clark. On line of battle being formed (Jan. 13, 
 /x, tfj 1849), Brigadier Colin Campbell (Lord Clyde) rode up to 
 ^^ , the regiment, and impressed upon the men that " there 
 must be no firing," but that the bayonet must do the work. ' 
 He then rode away, and the corps advanced into the dense 
 jungle, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Brookes. 
 5 The real cause of the ensuing disaster, appears to have 
 t^: been the absence, in the brigade, of flanking batteries of 
 artillery, &c. On the violent repulse of the 24th Eegi- 
 
 %
 
 APPENDIX C. 131 
 
 nient from the enemy's guns, the former retreated on the 
 village of Chillian walla.* No vestiges of the brigade 
 being observable in the open, Lt. Archer (who had been 
 held at bay by a Sikh horseman) entered this village, and 
 discovering the'lnenTEere^ called on them to follow him 
 into the field, and recognising Sergt. Eastall, ordered the 
 latter to stand opposite to him, about twentv paces off^ 
 and shout out incessantly, ' Fall in, number oeven.' This 
 proved effectual ; and the remnant of that company was 
 soon reformed, and told off in sections, &c., by Lieut. A. 
 Lieut. Clark then came vi^ (followed by Ensign Hinde, 
 who at once began to form up the Light company in 
 alignment with No. 7), and resumed command of the 
 company. Thereupon Lieut. Archer directed his attention 
 to No. 6 company, which was reforming on the right of 
 No. 7, and assumed command of it. The other com- 
 panies gradually followed the example, and the corps was 
 at length ready for the seco»^_advao£e. At this con- 
 juncture, the Adjt.-General Queen's Troops (Colonel 
 Lugard) r ode up, and, having inquired of Lieut. Archer 
 the above circumstances, ordered him to follow — he giving 
 the direction, and the word of command from Lieut. 
 Archer being taken up by the Commanders of the other 
 companies. Thus commenced the seco nd adv ance. Colonel 
 Lugard then rode ahead, and was scarcely out of sight, 
 when Captain Blachford rejoined the regiment — made 
 some brief inquiries. of Lieut. Archer (whom he confirmed 
 in command of No. 6^ company), and thus ascertaining the 
 orders of Colonel Lugard from him, continued the ad- 
 vance. The Assistant Adjt.-G-eneral afterwards met the 
 regiment, and it was then that the orders refeiTed to by 
 
 * On passing to the roar, wounded, Capt. lim-riedly ex- 
 claimed, Avith much emotion, for he had considerable esprit de corps, 
 " This is a bad da y for the 24th." 
 
 ~ 9 A
 
 132 APPENDIX 0. 
 
 Major-General Blachford, were given. Col. Lugard's 
 orders having been taken over by Capt. Blachford from 
 Lieut. Archer. 
 
 The seven oflBcers, in the order of their rallying, re- 
 ferred to by Sir E. Lugard were, — Archer, Hinde, Clark, 
 Bailley, Mackechnie, Drew, and Lutman. Capt. Blachford, 
 who having afterwards joined in the second advance, 
 made the eighth. 
 
 He had not, however, been with the corps when, in the 
 earlier advance, it siiffered so severely.
 
 133 
 
 APPENDIX D. 
 
 Detailed Statement op the numerical Strength op 
 Corps engaged in the several Actions during 
 the Punjab Campaign. 
 
 I. — Eamntjggub. 
 
 All 
 ranks. 
 
 Authority. 
 
 
 
 let Troop 2nd Brigade Horse Ar. 
 
 125 
 
 Monthly Return. 
 
 tillery. 
 
 
 
 3rd ditto ditto 
 
 148 
 
 Do. 
 
 Ist Troop 3rd ditto 
 
 I .^.SO 
 
 ( General Quarterly Return, 
 
 2nd ditto ditto 
 
 > *j*j\j 
 
 I dated 1st October 1848. 
 
 No 5 Lt. Field Battery and 3rd 
 
 157 
 
 Monthly Return. 
 
 Co. 7th Bn. Foot Artillery. 
 
 
 
 No. 10 ditto and 1st Co. 1st dittc 
 
 172 
 
 Do. 
 
 Her Majesty's 3rd Light Dra 
 
 693 
 
 General Quarterly Return, 
 
 goons. 
 
 
 dated 1st October 1848. 
 
 Ditto 14th ditto 
 
 648 
 
 Do. 
 
 6th Light Cavalry 
 
 514 
 
 Do. 
 
 8th ditto 
 
 513 
 
 Do. 
 
 Her Majesty's 24th Foot 
 
 1190 
 
 Do. 
 
 Ditto 61st Foot 
 
 1046 
 
 Do. 
 
 2nd European Bengal Fusiliers 
 
 818 
 
 Do. 
 
 22nd Native Infantry 
 
 952 
 
 Monthly Return. 
 
 25th ditto 
 
 905 
 
 Do. 
 
 3l6t ditto 
 
 949 
 
 Do. 
 
 36th ditto 
 
 . 1051 
 
 Do. 
 
 46th ditto 
 
 905 
 
 Do. 
 
 66th ditto 
 
 - 1008 
 
 Do. 
 
 II. — Sadoolapore. 
 
 
 
 1st Troop 2nd Brigade Horse Ar 
 
 114 
 
 Chillianwallah figures plus 
 
 tillery. 
 
 
 the casualties at Sadoola- 
 pore. 
 
 2nd ditto ditto 
 
 154 
 
 Do. 
 
 3rd ditto ditto 
 
 143 
 
 Do. 
 
 No. 10 Light Field Battery 
 
 184 
 
 Do. 
 
 No. 5 ditto 
 
 92 
 
 Do. 
 
 Her Majesty's 3rd Light Dragoon 
 
 s 710 
 
 Do. 
 
 6th Light Cavalry 
 
 511 
 
 Do. 
 
 8th ditto 
 
 509 
 
 Do. 
 
 3rd Irregular Cavalry 
 
 610 
 
 Do.
 
 134 
 
 APPENDIX D. 
 
 11. — Sadoolapore — con t. 
 
 All 
 ranks. 
 
 Authority. 
 
 
 
 HerMajesty's24th Regiment j^ 
 
 *1006 
 
 *Bayonets. 
 
 Ditto 61st Regiment £ 
 
 813 
 
 Do. 
 
 25th Native Infantry gj 
 
 610 
 
 Do. 
 
 31st ditto S - 
 
 756 
 
 Do. 
 
 36th ditto -g 
 
 768 
 
 Do. 
 
 46th ditto fi 
 
 599 
 
 Do. 
 
 56th ditto H L, 
 
 838 
 
 Do. 
 
 2 Companies Pioneers 
 
 
 
 III. — Chillianwallah. 
 
 
 
 1st Troop 2nd Brigade Horse Ar- 
 
 109 
 
 Monthly Return. 
 
 tillery. 
 
 
 
 2nd ditto ditto 
 
 154 
 
 Do. 
 
 3rd ditto ditto 
 
 143 
 
 Do. 
 
 4th ditto ditto 
 
 147 
 
 Do. 
 
 1st Troop 2nd Brigade Horse "^ 
 
 Artillery. > 
 
 2nd ditto ditto ) 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 
 
 
 No. 1 Co. 1st Bn. and No. 10 Bat- 
 
 181 
 
 Do. 
 
 tery Foot Artillery. 
 
 
 
 No. 3 Co. 1st Bn. and No. 17 Light 
 
 178 
 
 Do. 
 
 Field Battery. 
 
 
 
 No. 3 Co. 7th Bn. and No. 5 Bat- 
 
 92 
 
 Do. 
 
 tery Foot Artillery 
 
 
 
 No. 1 Co. 4th Bn. Foot ") / 
 Artillery. ( Re- ) 
 
 158 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 
 No. 2 Co. 4th Bn. ditto t serve 1 
 No. 4 Co. 4th Bn. ditto ) C 
 
 118 
 
 Do. 
 
 69 
 
 Do. 
 
 Her Majesty's 3i-d Light Dragoons 
 
 709 
 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 dated 1st January 1849. 
 
 Ditto 9th Lancers 
 
 768 
 
 Do. 
 
 Ditto 14th Light Dragoons 
 
 673 
 
 Do. 
 
 1st Light Cavalry 
 
 517 
 
 Do. 
 
 5th ditto 
 
 510 
 
 Do. 
 
 6th ditto 
 
 516 
 
 Do. 
 
 8th ditto 
 
 508 
 
 Do. 
 
 3rd Irregular Cavalry - 
 
 604 
 
 Do. 
 
 9th ditto 
 
 607 
 
 Do. 
 
 Her Majesty's 24th Foot 
 
 1176 
 
 Do. 
 
 Ditto 29th Foot 
 
 1134 
 
 Do. 
 
 Ditto 61st Foot 
 
 1136 
 
 Do. 
 
 2nd European Bengal Fusiliers - 
 
 976 
 
 Do. 
 
 15th Native Infantry 
 
 1026 
 
 Monthly Return.
 
 APPENDIX D. 
 
 135 
 
 III. — CniLIIANWALLAH — COUt. 
 
 20th Native Infantry 
 
 25th 
 
 ditto 
 
 30th 
 
 ditto 
 
 3l8t 
 
 ditto 
 
 36th 
 
 ditto 
 
 45th 
 
 ditto 
 
 4.6th 
 
 ditto 
 
 56th 
 
 ditto 
 
 69th 
 
 ditto 
 
 70th 
 
 ditto 
 
 6 Companies Pioneers 
 
 IV. GOOJERAT.* 
 
 4th Troop 1st Brigade Horse Ar- 
 tillery. 
 
 l8t Troop 2nd 
 
 ditto 
 
 2nd ditto 
 
 ditto 
 
 3rd ditto 
 
 ditto 
 
 4th ditto 
 
 ditto 
 
 Ist Troop 3rd 
 
 ditto 
 
 2nd ditto 
 
 ditto 
 
 4th ditto 
 
 ditto 
 
 Ist Co. 1st Bn. Foot Artilleiy with 
 
 No. 10 Lt. Field Battery. 
 3rd ditto ditto No. 17 ditto 
 2iid Co. 2nd Bn. Foot Artillery - 
 3rd Co. 3rd Bn. ditto 
 
 4th ditto ditto 
 
 1st Co. 4th Bn. Foot Artillery - 
 2nd ditto ditto 
 
 4th ditto ditto (Dett.) 
 
 3rd Co. 7th Bn. Foot Artillery 
 
 (Dett.) 
 3rd Co. 7th Bn. Foot Artillery, 
 
 with No. 5 Lt. Field Battery. 
 6th ditto ditto 
 
 470 
 
 Authority. 
 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 
 1st January 1849. 
 Monthly Return. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 
 1st January 1849. 
 Monthly Return. 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 1st January 1849. 
 Do. 
 
 145 Monthly Return. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 ( Quarterly General Return, 
 ^ 1st January 1849. 
 
 185 Monthly Return. 
 
 97 
 92 
 
 400 in- 
 cluding' 
 
 absent 
 
 dett.4.th 
 
 Co. 
 
 IGG full 
 stren^h 
 
 98 
 102 
 
 Monthly Return. 
 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 Ist January 1849. 
 
 • In this return of the force at Goojerat it will be observed that the following 
 European Kcffiinents are omitted, viz., the 24th Foot and 1st Bu. 60th, the 
 King's Koyal Kifle Rei^inient. These two cori)s may be estimated at about a 
 total of 1500 rank and tile and 44 officers. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 1st January 18-1.9. 
 
 Do.
 
 136 
 
 APPENDIX D. 
 
 IV. — GooJERAT — cont. 
 
 All 
 ranks. 
 
 Authority. 
 
 
 
 3rd Troop Bomb. Horse Artil. - 
 
 167 
 
 Monthly Return. 
 
 Her Majesty's 3rd Light Dra- 
 
 669 
 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 
 goons. 
 
 
 1st January 1849, deduct- 
 ing casualties at Chillian- 
 wallah. 
 
 Ditto 9th Lancers 
 
 756 
 
 Do. 
 
 Ditto 14th Light Dragoons 
 
 654 
 
 Do. 
 
 1st Light Cavalry 
 
 510 
 
 Do. 
 
 5th ditto 
 
 488 
 
 Do. 
 
 6th ditto 
 
 499 
 
 Do. 
 
 8th ditto 
 
 505 
 
 Do. 
 
 3rd Irregular Cavalry 
 
 604 
 
 Do. 
 
 9th ditto 
 
 607 
 
 Do. 
 
 11th ditto (2 Ressallahs) 
 
 — 
 
 
 12th ditto 
 
 592 
 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 1st January 1849. 
 
 13th ditto 
 
 551 
 
 Do. 
 
 14th ditto (2 Ressallahs) 
 
 — 
 
 
 Guide Corps ... 
 
 — 
 
 
 Sciado Horse 
 
 — 
 
 
 Her Majesty's 10th Foot 
 
 1106 
 
 Monthly Return. 
 
 Ditto 29th Foot - 
 
 893 
 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 1st January 1849, deduct- 
 ing casualties at Chillian- 
 wallah. 
 
 Ditto 32nd Foot- 
 
 1139 
 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 1st January 1849. 
 
 Ditto 61st Foot - 
 
 958 
 
 Monthly Return. 
 
 2nd European Bengal Fusiliers - 
 
 909 
 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 deducting loss at ChiLian- 
 wallah. 
 
 8th Native Infantry 
 
 917 
 
 Monthly Return. 
 
 13th ditto 
 
 993 
 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 1st January 1849. 
 
 15th ditto 
 
 970 
 
 Ditto, deducting loss at 
 Chillianwallah. 
 
 20th ditto 
 
 1008 
 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 1st January 1849. 
 
 25th ditto 
 
 661 
 
 Monthly Return. 
 
 30th ditto 
 
 567 
 
 Do. 
 
 Slst ditto 
 
 804 
 
 Do. 
 
 36th ditto 
 
 833 
 
 Do. 
 
 45th ditto 
 
 897 
 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 deducting loss at Chillian- 
 wallah. 
 
 46th ditto 
 
 854 
 
 Do.
 
 APPENDIX D. 
 
 137 
 
 
 
 All 
 ranks. 
 
 Authority. 
 
 I'V . — uooJERAT — conr. 
 
 
 
 51st 
 
 ditto 
 
 955 
 
 Monthly Return. 
 
 52nd 
 
 ditto 
 
 822 
 
 Do 
 
 56th 
 
 ditto 
 
 894 
 
 Do. 
 
 69th 
 
 ditto 
 
 941 
 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 1st January 1849, deduct- 
 ing loss at Chillianwallah. 
 
 70th 
 
 ditto 
 
 1056 
 
 Do. 
 
 72nd 
 
 ditto 
 
 1019 
 
 Quarterly General Return, 
 1st January 1849. 
 
 2nd Co. 
 
 and detachment 3rd Co. 
 
 300 
 
 Do. 
 
 Sappers. 
 
 
 
 6 Companies Pioneers 
 
 333 
 
 Do. 
 
 [Tota 
 
 of all ranks imperfect for 
 
 
 
 the 
 
 reason explained in note.] 
 
 
 
 P. S. LuMSDEN, Major-General. 
 
 Adjutant-General in India. 
 
 OfBcers and Men. 
 H. A. - - 
 
 Other Artillery 
 Sappers and Miners 
 Pioneers (no returns 
 obtainable in Eng- 
 land) . 
 
 BESIEGING FORCE BEFORE MOOLTAN, 1848-9. 
 
 Artillery. 
 
 Giuis.* 
 146 8 2 1-prs. 
 
 391 19 18.prs. 
 
 583 5 10-in. mortars. 
 
 13 8-iu. 
 4 5^-in. ,, 
 3 10-in. howitzers. 
 8 . . .-pr., Horse Artillery. 
 Cavalry. 
 No Returns in England. 
 Infantry. 
 n.M. 10th Foot, 1088. 
 
 H.M. 32nd Foot. No Returns at H. G. or W. O. 
 8th N.I.") 
 49th „ 
 
 51st „ !>No Returns in England. 
 52nd „ I 
 72nd „ J 
 
 The expenditure of aumunitiou or guns during the siege of Mooltau was 
 42,347 rounds.
 
 138 
 
 APPENDIX E. 
 
 Chillianwalla and Googekat. 
 
 In the columns of the Behli Gazette maj be found 
 some interesting particulars relative to the " Army of the 
 Punjab," under the following dates: — 
 
 1849, Jan. 24th, p. 54. — Lord Gough at Chillianwalla. 
 
 „ Jan. 31st, p. 69. — Brig. -Gen. Campbell. 
 
 „ Feb. 7th, p. 83.—" The Sikhs have 20,000 regular 
 
 troops and 51 guns .... they fought manfiilly." 
 
 „ Feb. 14th, p. 9£^" The 61st went on (Chillian- 
 
 . walla) file firing and advancing, and whenever 
 
 L [ the enemy seemed incHned to make a stand 
 
 ^^^^^ charging. The Sikhs tried to turn its right, 
 
 which attempt was defeated by the left com- 
 
 panics and 46th Native "Infantry bringing up 
 
 . \ ' '" left shoulders. The front rank of the Grenadiers 
 
 \ I *t 5 went on the knee, and thus, by their fire, 
 
 Cf , ^LCiM "* compelled the enemy to abandon two guns. The 
 
 « ' 46th Native Infantry behaved as men and 
 
 ^f^'Y' soldiers." &c. 
 
 Feb. 21st, p. .— " On the 13th .... the sick were 
 sent to Ramnuggur under the impression that 
 the Sikhs had retreated. On the same day also 
 the Commander-in-Chief, went in person to exa- 
 mine the abandoned position of Russool. But 
 the large body of the enemy at Kooree, re-
 
 APPENDIX E. 
 
 139 
 
 mained on the same ground as before, our , 
 intelligence department remaining in blessed J 
 ignorance of their proceedings." 
 
 (14th.) " Orders were issued for the immediate 
 march of the army at 9. It was then deferred 
 till 12, when the order was that the march 
 would be next morning." 
 1849, Feb. 24th, p. 124.—" Orders were despatched to Brig,- 
 Gen. Dundas, through General Whish, to leave 
 Lt^-'v^.l the Native portion of his force, and hurry on 
 with his artillery and two European regiments, so 
 as to ensure his arriving at Ramnugger on the 
 17th;. Instead of^ hastening to obey the order 
 of the officer in qtiestion, he replied to the effect, 
 that he saw no necessity for altering the rate of 
 his progress, whidi was in accordance with the 
 instructions previously sent to him, and that as 
 an European court-martial was then sitting, of 
 which Major Blood was president, he wished to 
 have the proceedings concluded before he moved 
 forward." " Lord Gough (thereupon) sent off such 
 a peremptory order that, we will venture to say> 
 Brig.-Gen. l)undas did not wait to read it a 
 second time. A second despatch desired him to 
 
 / -^end on the 60th Rifles by a forcedjnarch of 
 -A ^ 30 miles on the 18th ; and intimated to the 
 Brigadier-General that he might remain with 
 the Native troops if he chose." 
 
 „ March 10th, p. 157.— Relative t o the auda city of 
 ' — ''the Sikhs.
 
 140 
 
 APPENDIX F. 
 
 Despatches relating to the Campaign in the 
 PuNJAUB, 1848-9. 
 
 General Lord Gough, G. C. B., Commander-in-Cliief, to 
 the Governor- General of India. 
 
 Eamnugger, November 23^^1848. 
 Deeming it necessary to drive the rebel force at this side 
 the river across, and to capture any guns they might have 
 had on the left bank, I directed Brigadier- General 
 Campbell, with an infantry brigade of the troops under 
 his command, accompanied by the cavalry division, and 
 '' three troops of horse artillery under Brigadier-General 
 Cureton, to proceed, during the night of the 21st, from 
 Saharim, four miles in front of my camp at Noewulla, to 
 effect this object. I joined the Brigadier at 3 in the 
 morning to witness the operation. 
 
 I hope to be able to inclose Brigadier- General Camp- 
 bell's report, with a return of the killed and wounded, 
 which I regret to say is much greater than I could have 
 ' ' anticipated, in a great measure from the officers leading 
 '■ being unaccLuainted with the difficult nature of the ground 
 in the vicinity of the fiver, and of which no native in- 
 Q formation ever gives you a just knowledge ; and in some 
 r'v. measure to the impetuosity of the artillery and cavalry, 
 who, notwithstanding these difficulties, charged to the
 
 APPENDIX P. 141 
 
 bank of the river, thereby exposing themselves to the fire 
 of about twenty-eight guns. I deeply regret to say a gun 
 was left behind, but spiked, having actually, in the im- 
 petuosity of the advance plunged down a bank close 
 under the fire of the enemy's guns. It was reported to 
 me it would occasion a fearful loss of life to bring it away, 
 which alone could be effected by manual labour, and 
 scarping the banks under even the fire of the matchlock- 
 men on the opposite bank ; I could not, therefore, consent 
 to such a sacrifice. Though blameable as it may appear 
 to have taken the guns into such close proximity to the 
 enemy's guns in position, which could not, from the 
 river intervening, be captured, it is impossible not to , 
 admire the daring gallantry exhibited by the troops, both , 
 of cavalry and artillery. 
 
 I witnessed with intense anxiety, but equally intense 
 admiration, a charge made by Lieutenant-Colonel Have- 
 lock, at the head of the 14th Light Dragoons, who, I fear, 
 misconceived the orders he received from the ofiieer 
 commanding the cavalry division, or from the inequaUties 
 of the ground, and the fearful dust occasioned by such 
 a rapid movement, mistook^ the body he was instructed 
 to charge, and moved upon and overwhelmed another J , iV 
 much closer to the river, which exposed him to a cross ' \f 
 fire from-the-ejiemy's guns. I never witnessed so brS- IL *^,^ 
 liant a charge, but I regret to say the loss was consi- 
 derable, were it only in that of Brigadier-General Cureton, um 
 than whom a better or a braver soldier never fell in his "■ '- ^\^ 
 country's service. The brave leader of the 14>th, Lieu- \'K\ ' 
 tenant-Colonel Havelock, is missing ; he charged into a 
 gole of the enemy, and has not since been seen, regretted 
 by every sodier who witnessed his noble daring. -, 
 
 The enemy suffered severely; numbers were preci- « ^T; 
 pitated into the river and drowned, and a standard was 
 captured. 
 
 C4^
 
 142 APPENDIX F. 
 
 The Goorchurras were more daring than I have before 
 , » , seen them, but the brilliant charges both of the 3rd and 
 ? ' ^ 14th Light Dragoons will have taught them a lesson they 
 ■^ will not readily forget. This was a cavalry affair . aloae. ; 
 
 the infantry never was, nor could have been, brought into 
 2>lay without an unnecessary exposure of life ; but the 
 cavalry and artillery engaged under Brigadier-General 
 5 Jk'' Campbell, whose judicious arrangements were most cre- 
 ', ditable to him, nobly supported the well-earned fame of 
 \ the Indian army, and is but a prelude to, I have no doubt, 
 I the honourable fvilfilment of what their country ex;pects 
 I of them. . ,,.l---' 
 
 j *-4 • I Brigadier White conducted the movements of the force, 
 T)f which the 3rd formed a part, and as usual acted with 
 J. gallantry and judgment ; and Lieutenant-Colonel Grant 
 ^>tyv"' commanded the artillery arm with much credit. I regret 
 y^ to say that gallant old soldier, Lieutenant-Colonel Alex- 
 ander, has lost an arm, but I am thankful that all are 
 doing well. 
 
 Lord GougJi to the Governor- General. 
 
 Camp before Eamnugger, November 27, 1848. .. 
 
 . In continuation of my letter to your Lordship of the 
 23rd instant, I now do myself the honour to forward the 
 report of Brigadier-General C. Campbell, C.B., com- 
 manding the troops on the morning of the 22nd instant, 
 of the operations of that day. 
 
 I also beg to inclose a copy of a general order which I 
 have caused to be issued to the army of the Punjab on 
 the occasion.
 
 APPENDIX F. 143 
 
 Brigadier- General Campbell, C.B., commanding the 4th Divi- 
 sion, to the Adjutant- General of the Army. 
 
 Camp near Ramnugger, November 24, 1848. 
 
 I have" the honour to report to you, for the inform- 
 ation of the Commander-in-Chief, that, in obedience to 
 his Lordship's instructions the troops in advance under 
 my orders, moved, at 3 o'clock a.m., on the morning 
 of the 22nd instant, from their encampment near Saha- 
 rung, with a view to attack a considerable portion of the 
 enemy's regular troops, who were, with several guns, 
 stated to be on this bank of the Chenab, in the vicinity of 
 Eamnugger. On reaching the high ground to the right 
 of the town, it was ascertained that these troops, with 
 their guns, had crossed to the encampment of the enemy 
 on the opposite bank, where his whole force was in 
 position ; at the same time, however, several small parties 
 of the enemy were observed to be retiring from the townl/ 
 of Ramnugger in the direction of the ford in front of' 
 the enemy's encampment, when Captain Warner and 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Lane's troops of horse artillery were 
 ordered by Brigadier Cureton, in command of that arm 
 and of the cavalry of the army, to pursue these parties, .. 'fJ 
 and to open fire on them while crossing at the ford. .', f 
 These troops of horse artillery, in their eagerness to 
 overtake the enemy, pushed forward through the deep 
 and heavy sand which extends for a long distance on this 
 side to the very margin of the river, and through which 
 the guns could only be moved with great difficulty, i . ^ , ^ ^ 
 Their fire inflicted considerable loss on the enemy whi^ej vi 
 crossing. ~-^ •^^f'** 
 
 In withdrawing from this position, which was effected ^ tJ 
 under the whole of the enemy's artillery, amounting toi ^ ^ 
 28 guns, posted on the high ground which immediately! '^ ^ 
 overhangs the river on the ojjposite bank, I regret to say ir 
 
 i— »
 
 144 APPENDIX F. 
 
 that one gun and two ammunition-wagons belonging to 
 
 Colonel Lane's troop, got so imbedded in the heavy sand 
 
 ) behind a deep bank, that they could not be recovered. 
 
 ^ The enemy, upon observing the difficulty in which this 
 
 gun was placed, immediately crossed with great confidence 
 
 the whole of his cavalry, in numbers between three and 
 
 ^*{/§>T/ I four thousand. They clung to the banks of the river, 
 
 r*X^ I ^^^ kept constantly under cover of the fire of their 
 
 ^ \ artillery on the opposite bank. 
 
 This cavalry was charged on separate occasions by Her 
 ^■^ ' , , Majesty's 3rd and 14th Light Dragoons, and 5th and 
 >'^y' 8th Regiments of Light Cavalry. His Lordship the 
 
 > 
 
 Commander-in-Chief was an eye-witness of the brilliant 
 conduct of these several corps, and of the intrepid manner 
 they were led by their officers. The enemy were over- 
 thrown upon every occasion, who fled for shelter to the 
 river side to be under the cover and protection of their 
 artillery ; but, I lament to say, that these several defeats 
 .of the enemy's cavalry were not effected without loss. 
 
 Brigadier-General Cureton, commanding the cavalry 
 of the army, was killed while leading a squadron of Her 
 Majesty's 14th Light Dragoons to the support of the 5th 
 Light Cavalry. In this officer, who had the honour of 
 enjoying his Lordship's entire confidence and warmest re- 
 gard, the service has lost one of its most distinguished 
 officers, and one who was beloved by the whole army. 
 I I regret also to have to report that Lieutenant-Colonel 
 l" Havelock, commanding Her Majesty's 14th Light Dra- 
 goons, is reported to be missing. He was last seen 
 charging the enemy at the head of his noble regiment, 
 and has not since been heard of. 
 
 I am sorry to have further to report that Lieutenant- 
 
 Of. i Colonel Alexander, commanding the 5th Eegiment Light 
 
 "" Cavalry, has been severely wounded, and lost his arm. 
 
 Some other officers and men have also been wounded, 
 
 H^l; 
 
 ^'
 
 APPENDIX F. 146 
 
 whose names are mentioned in the inclosed return of 
 casualties. 
 
 (Return of killed, wounded, and missing, of the advance 
 force of the army of the Punjaub, imder the command of 
 Brigadier-General C. Campbell, C.B., in the action with 
 the enemy on the 22nd of November 1848, — 14 killed ; 
 59 wounded ; 12 missing. 
 
 Names of officers killed, wounded, and missing : — En- 
 sign G. N. Hardinge, extra aide-de-camp, severely 
 wounded ; Brigadier-General C. R. Cureton, C.B., com- 
 manding cavalry division, killed ; Brevet Lieutenant- 
 Colonel W. Alexander, 5th Light Cavalry, severely 
 wounded ; Brevet Captain J. S. G. Ryley, same regiment, 
 severely wounded ; Captain A. Wheatley, same regiment, 
 wounded ; Captain R. H. Gall, Her Majesty's 14th Dra- 
 goons, severely wounded ; Captain J. F. Fitzgerald, same 
 regiment, very severely wounded ; Captain A. Scudamore, 
 same regiment, slightly wounded ; Lieutenant W.McMahon, 
 same regiment, severely wounded ; Cornet Honourable 
 R. W. Chetwynd, same regiment, slightly wounded ; 
 Lieutenant-Colonel W. Havelock, K.H., same regiment, 
 missing; Lieutenant J. S. Holmes, 12th Irregular Cavalry, 
 severely woxmded.) 
 
 NOTIFICATION. 
 
 Foreign Department, 
 Camp Umballah, 8th December 1848. 
 The Right Honourable the Governor-General has much 
 pleasure in publishing, for general information, the follow- 
 ing despatch from his Excellency the Commander-in- 
 Chief :— 
 
 Head-Quarters, 
 Flying Gamp, Hillah, 5th Dec. 1848. 
 My Lord, — It has pleased Almighty God to vouchsafe 
 to the British arms the most successful issue to the ex- 
 
 10
 
 146 APPENDIX F. 
 
 / 
 
 /iA'r'*'* tensive combinations rendered necessary for the purpose 
 • of effecting the passage of the Chenab, the_d.efeat and 
 dispersion of the Sikh force under the insurgent Rajah 
 f. f\ Shere Sing, and the numerous Sikh sirdars, who had the 
 
 temerity to set at defiance the British power. This force, 
 from all my information, amounted to from 30,000 to 
 40,000 men, with 28 guns, and were strongly entrenched 
 on the right bank of the Chenab, at the principal ford, 
 about two miles from the town of Ramnugger. 
 
 My despatch of the 23rd November will have made your 
 
 Lordship acquainted with the motives which induced me 
 
 to penetrate thus far into the Punjaub, and the occurrences 
 
 of the previous day, when the enemy were ejected from 
 
 ■f the left bank of the Chenab. My daily private com- 
 
 I - munications will have placed your Lordship in possession 
 
 f ^ ; ,.. of the difl&culties I had to encounter in a country so little 
 
 ■T' 7 U known, and in the passage of a river, the fords of which 
 
 fji I ^U^'<' Were most strictly watched^ by;,_a nuiuorous and vigilant 
 
 ^ -^ fenemy, and presenting more difficultirs than most rivers, 
 
 C^ ; /whilst I was surrounded by a hostile peasantry. 
 
 ^ « P'^^'it/, I Finding that to force the passage at the ford in my 
 
 J front must have been attended with considerable loss, 
 
 from the very strong entrenchments and well- selected 
 
 batteries which protected the passage, I instructed the 
 
 f; field-engineer, Major Tremenhere, in co-operation with 
 
 -^. ; ■ ' the quartermaster- general's department, to ascertain 
 
 Pj I- :? (under the difficulties before noticed) the practicability 
 
 K|^ -^. of_ the several fords reported to exist on both my flanks, 
 
 * A f^ ■""'^''^hiXe I had batteries erected and made demonstrations 
 
 » so as to draw the attention of the enemy to the main ford 
 
 in my front, and with the view, if my batteries could 
 
 silence their guns, to act simultaneously with the force 
 
 I proposed to detach under an officer of much experience 
 
 in Lidia, Major-Ceneral Sir Joseph Thackwell. 
 
 On the night of the 30th November, this officer, in
 
 APPENDIX F. 147 
 
 command of the following force, and more particularly 
 detailed in the accompanying memorandum : — 
 
 European. Native. Total. 
 3 troops horse artillery ... 3 3 
 
 2 light field batteries .... 2 2 
 1 brigade of cavalry .... 1 4 5 ' 
 
 3 brigades of infantry .... 2 6 8 
 
 — two 18-poimders with elephant draft and detail ar- 
 tillery, pontoon train, with two companies sappers, moved 
 up the river in light marching order, without tents and 
 with three days' provisions, upon a ford which I had 
 every reason to consider very practicable (and which I have 
 since ascertained was so), but which the major-general 
 deemed so difficult and dangerous, that he proceeded 
 (as he was instructed should such turn out to be the case) 
 to Wuzeerabad, a town 22 miles up the river, where 
 Lieutenant Nicholson, a most energetic assistant to the 
 resident at Lahore, had secured 16 boats, with the aid 
 of which this force effected the passage on the evening 
 of the 1st and morning of the 2nd instant. 
 
 Upon learning by an aide-de-camp sent for the purpose 
 that the major-general's force had crossed and was in ., . -^ 
 movement, I directed a heavy cannonade to commence ' 
 upon the enemy's batteries and encampment at Ram- ^t-^T-^ 
 nugger, which was returned by only a few guns, which 
 guarded effectually the ford, but so buried, that although 
 the practice of our artillery was admirable under Major 
 Mowatt and Captain Sir Eichmond Shakespear, we could 
 not, from the width of the river, silence them. This 
 cannonade, however, inflicted very severe loss to the 
 enemy in their camp and batteries, and forced him to 
 fall back with his camp about 2 miles, which enabled me, 
 without the loss of a man, to push my batteries and 
 breastworks, on the night of the 2nd, to the bank of the 
 river, the principal ford of which I then commanded ; 
 
 10 A
 
 148 APPENDIX F. 
 
 by this I was enabled to detach another brigade of 
 infantry, under Brigadier Godby, at daylight on the 3rd, 
 which effected the passage, with the aid of pontoon train, 
 six miles up the river, and got into communication with 
 Major-General Sir Joseph Thackwell. 
 
 The cannonade and demonstration to cross at Ram- 
 nugger was kept up on the 2nd and 3rd, so as to fix a 
 large portion of the enemy there to defend that point. 
 Having communicated to Sir Joseph my views and in- 
 tentions, and although giving discretionary powers to attack 
 any portion of the Sikh force sent to oppose him, I 
 expressed a wish that, when he covered the crossing of 
 ' Brigadier Godby 's brigade, he should await their junction, 
 ^'2.^-^^'f except the enemy attempted to retreat : this induced him 
 5 i ib halt within about 3 or 4 miles of the left of their 
 IK* * position. About 2 o'clock on the 3rd, the principal 
 I part of the enemy's force, encouraged by the halt, moved 
 
 to attack the detached column, when a smart cannonade 
 on the part of the enemy took place, and an attempt to 
 turn both Major-General Sir Joseph Thackwell's flanks, 
 i .y by numerous bodies of cavalry, was made. After about 
 ^*) ' one hour's distant caimonade on the part of the Sikhs, 
 the British artillery never returning a shot, the enemy 
 took courage and advanced, when our artillery, com- 
 manded by that excellent officer Lieutenant-Colonel C. 
 : Grant, poured in upon them a most destructive fire, which 
 ;' soon silenced all their guns and frustrated all their 
 operations, with very severe loss upon their aide ; but 
 the exhausted state both of man and horse induced the 
 major-general to postpone the attack upon their flank 
 and rear, as he was directed, until the following morning, 
 the day having nearly closed when the cannonade ceased. 
 
 I regret to say that, during the night of the 3rd, the j 
 whole of the Sikh force precipitately fled, concealing or ' 
 , carrying with them their artillery, and exploding their
 
 APPENDIX P. 149 
 
 magazines. I immediately pushed across the river the . 
 9th Lancers and 14th Light Dragoons in pursuit, under 
 'that most energetic officer, Major-General Sir Walter 
 Gilbert. The Sikhs, it appears, retreated in the greatest 
 
 J. vjriiueri/. 
 W" disorder, 
 
 leaving in the villages numerous wounded men. ' - 
 
 Pf}^ They have subdivided into three divisions, which have 
 
 / I become more a flig ht th an a retreat; and I understand a 
 
 J I great portion orThose not belonging to the revolted 
 
 / Khalsa army have dispersed and returned to their homes, 
 
 / thus, I trust, effectually frustrating the views of the rebel 
 
 j Shere Sing and his rebel associates. 
 
 I have not received Major-General Sir Joseph Thack- 
 well's report, nor the returns of his loss, but I am most 
 thankful to say that our whole loss, subsequent to the 
 22nd November, does not much exceed 40 men ; no officers 
 have been killed, and but three wounded. Captain 
 Austin, of the artillery, only appears severely so. 
 
 I have to congratulate your Lordship upon events so 
 fraught with importance, and which will, I have no 
 doubt, with God's blessing, tend to most momentous 
 results. It is, as I anticipate, most gratifying to me to 
 assure your Lordship that the noble army under my 
 command has, in these operations, upheld the well- 
 established fame of the arms of India, both European 
 and Native, eacK vying who should best perform his 
 duty. Every officer, from the general of division to the 
 "youngest subaTtern, well supported their commander-in- '-f-,r> 
 
 chief, and cheerfully carried out his views, which at a/ ^ ^ j 
 future period, and when we shall have effected the views c 
 of the Government, I shall feel proud in bringing to your ^ # 
 Lordship's notice. ^^^ ^^^^-J^'^fLo^it 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) Gough.
 
 150 APPENDIX F. 
 
 Return of the Strength of the Force sent under the com- 
 mand of Major-General Sir J. Thackwell, K.C.B. 
 
 Camp Eamnugger, 5th December 1848. 
 3 troops of horse artillery, 2 Hght field batteries, 
 1 European dragoon regiment, 2 light cavalry regiments 
 1 irregular cavalry regiment, 2 regiments of European 
 infantry, 5 regiments and 2 companies of Native infantry, 
 and 1 company of pioneers, proceeded with Major- 
 General Sir J. Thackwell. 
 
 Reinforcement sent : — 1 regiment of European infantry, 
 1 regiment and 2 companies of Native infantry. 
 
 N.B. — Two 18-pounders, two 9-poTmders, pontoon train, 
 and detachment of irregular cavalry, returned from 
 Wuzeerabad. European regiments employed : — 3rd Light 
 Dragoons, 24th, 61st, and 2nd European Infantry. 
 
 (Signed) Gotjgh. 
 
 By order of the Right Honourable the Governor- 
 General of India. H. M. Elliot, 
 
 Secretary to the Government of India, 
 
 With the Governor-General. 
 
 Foreign Department, 
 Fort WilHam, 2nd February 1849. 
 The President of the Council of India in Council is 
 pleased to direct the publication of the following general 
 order by the Right Honourable the Governor-General, 
 with the Commander-in-Chief's despatch, dated the 16th 
 of January, detailing the operations of the army under 
 his Excellency's command at Chillian wallah. 
 
 By order of the President of the Council of India in 
 Council. Feed. Jas. Hallidat, 
 
 Ofii elating Secretary to the Government of India.
 
 APPENDIX F. 151 
 
 General Order by the Eight Honourable thb 
 Governor-General of India. 
 
 Foreign Department, 
 Camp Mukkoj the 24th January 1849. 
 The Governor-General, having received from the Com- 
 inander-in-Chief in India a despatch, dated the 16th 
 instant, directs that it shall be published for the infor- 
 mation of the army and of the people of India. 
 
 In this despatch, his Excellency reports the successful 
 operations of the troops under his immediate command, on 
 the afternoon of the 13th instant, when they attacked/- 
 and defeated the Sikh army under the command of 
 Eajah Shere Sing. 
 
 I Notwithstanding great superiority in numbers, and thej^i'^^' 
 ^ /formidable posit ion which he occupied, the enemy, after a , * Qf-^- 
 
 ff .BBTere and obstinate resistance, was driven back, and re- ^ 
 (f jf> jtreated from every part of his position in great disorder, 
 with much slaughter, and with the loss of 12 pieces of 
 'artillery. 
 
 The Governor-General congratulates the Commander- 
 in-Chief on the victory so obtained by the army under his 
 command ; and, on behalf of the Government of India, he 
 desires cordially to acknowledge the gallant services which 
 have been rendered on this occasion, by his Excellency 
 the Commander-in-Chief , the generals, the officers, non-com- 
 missioned officers, and soldiers of the army in the field. 
 
 The Governor- General offers his thanks to Major- 
 General Sir Joseph Thackwell, K.C.B. and K.H., for his 
 services ; and to Brigadier White, for his conduct of the 
 brigade of cavalry on the left. 
 
 Major-General Sir W. R. Gilbert, K.C.B.,and Brigadier- 
 General Campbell, C.B., are entitled to the special thanks .: d, 
 of the Governor- General, for the admirable manner in^-^ i-t O^ 
 which they directed the divisions under their orders.
 
 152 APPENDIX F. 
 
 r#; 
 
 Brigadier Mountain, C.B., and to Brigadier Hoggan, 
 
 tEe" Grovernor-General tenders his acknowledgments for 
 
 the gallant example they offered in the lead of their men ; 
 
 , . and to them, to Brigadier Godby, C.B., and Brigadier 
 
 Penny, C.B., for their able conduct of their respective 
 
 'T)rigades. ' 
 
 The warm thanks of the Governor-General are due to 
 Brigadier- General Tennant, commanding the artillery 
 division, to Brigadier Brooke, C.B., and Brigadier Huth- 
 waite, C.B., for their direction_of the operations of that 
 distinguished arm, and for the effective service which it 
 rendered. 
 
 To the heads of the various departments, and to the 
 officers of the General and Personal Staff, whose services 
 are acknowledged by the Commander-in-Chief, the Gover- 
 nor-General offers his thanks. 
 
 The Governor- General deeply regrets the loss of Bri- 
 gadier Pennycuick, C.B., and of the gallant officers and 
 men who have honourably fallen in the service of the 
 country. 
 
 It has afforded the Governor- General the highest grati- 
 fication to observe, that the conduct of the troops gene- 
 rally was worthy of all praise. 
 
 The Governor- General, indeed, is concerned to think 
 that any order or misapprehension of an order could have 
 produced the movements by the right brigade of cavalry 
 which his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief reports. 
 
 To the artillery, European and Native, to the cavalry 
 on the left, and to the European and Native infantry, the 
 Governor-General offers his hearty thanks ; especially to 
 those corps, European and Native, which his Excellency 
 reports to have acted under trying circumstances with a 
 gallantry worthy of the greatest admiration. 
 
 The Governor-General will have sincere satisfaction in 
 bringing the services of this army under the favourable
 
 APPENDIX F. 153 
 
 notice of Her Majesty's Govemment and the Honourable 
 East India Company. 
 
 A salute of 21 guns has been ordered to be fired from 
 every principal station of the army in India. 
 
 The Grovernor-General repeats to the Commander-in- 
 Chief and to the army the assurance of his cordial thanks ; 
 and ^expresses his confident behef, that the victory which, 
 under Divine Providence, they have won, wiU exercise a 
 most important influence on the successful progress of 
 the war in which they are engaged. 
 
 By order of the Eight Honourable the Governor- 
 General of India. 
 
 H. M. Elliot, 
 Secretary to the Government of India, 
 
 With the Governor-General. 
 
 Copy. 
 
 From his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, to the Bight 
 Honourable the Governor- General of India. 
 
 Dated Head-Quarters, . / 
 
 Camp Chillian wallah, January 16th, l,84i&i ' '^ 
 
 My Lord, — Major Mackeson, your Lordship's political 
 agent with my camp, officially communicated to me, on . 
 the 10th instant, the fall of Attock and the advance of [ 
 Sirdar Chutter Sing in order to concentrate his force with I 
 the army in my front, under Shere Sing, already | 
 amounting to from 30,000 to 40,000 men with 62 guns, ' 
 concluding his letter thus : — " I would urge, in the event 
 of your Lordship's finding yourself strong enough with 
 the army under your command to strike an effectual 
 blow at the enemy in our front, that the blow should be 
 struck with the least possible delay." 
 
 Concurring entirely with Major Mackeson, and feeling 
 that I was perfectly competent effectually to overthrow
 
 154 APPENDIX F. 
 
 Shere Sing's army, I moved from Loah Tibba, at daylight 
 on the 12th, to Dingee, about 12 miles. Having learnt 
 from my spies, and from other sources of information, 
 ■^ that Shere Sing still held with his right the village of 
 ^^ Lukhneewalla and Futtehshaw-ke-Chuck, having the great 
 body of his force at the village of Woolianvralla, with his 
 left at Russool, on the Jhelum, strongly occupying the 
 southern extremity of a low range of hills, intersected by 
 ravines, which extend nearly to that village. I made my 
 arrangements accordingly that evening, and communicated 
 them to the commanders of the several divisions ; but to 
 ensure correct information as to the nature of the country, 
 which I believed to be excessively diflB.cult and ill-adapted 
 to the advance of a regular army, I determined upon 
 moving on this village with a view to reconnoitre. 
 
 On the morning of the 13th the force advanced. I made 
 
 ^IK f? ' a considerable detour to my right, partly in order to dis- 
 
 / \j^ r, tract the enemy's attention, but principally to get as 
 
 L/W ' clear as I could of the jungle, on which it would appear 
 
 ^ * that the enemy mainly relied. 
 
 We approached this village about 12 o'clock, and I 
 
 found, on a mound close to it, a strong piquet of the 
 
 ; Jk enemy's cavalry and infantry, which we at once dispersed, 
 
 '' ^, obtaining from the mound a very extended view of the 
 
 j^*"*^ ' ioountry before us, and the enemy drawn out in battle 
 
 array, he having, either during the night or that morning, 
 
 moved out of his several positions, and occupied the 
 
 ')• ''./ ground in our front, which, though not a dense, was still a 
 
 Y difficult jungle, his right in advance of Puttehshaw-ke- 
 
 vj .■ Chuck, and his left on the furrowed hills before described. 
 
 /. ^ The day being so far advanced, I decided upon taking 
 
 ** up a position in rear of the village, in order to reconnoitre 
 
 my front, finding that I cotJd not turn the enemy's flanks, 
 
 which rested upon a dense jungle, extending nearly to 
 
 Hailah, which I had previously occupied for some time,
 
 APPENDIX F. 155 
 
 and the neighbourhood of which I knew, and upon the 
 raviney hills near Russool, without detaching a force to a 
 distance ; this I considered both inexpedient and dangerous. 
 
 The engineer department had been ordered to examine 
 the country before us, and the quartermaster- general 
 was in the act of taking up ground for the encamp- 
 ment, when the enemy advanced some horse artillery, and 
 opened a fire on the skirmishers in front of the village. 
 
 I immediately ordered them to be silenced by a few _ 
 rounds from our heavy guns, which advanced to an open 
 space in front of the village. Their fire w^-s instantly 
 returned by that of nearly the whole of the enemy's field .3 '•7" 
 artillery ; thus exposing the position of his guns, which 
 the jungle had hitherto concealed. 
 
 It was now evident that the enemy intended to fight, 
 and would probably advance his guns so as to reach the 
 encampment during the night. 
 
 I therefore drew up in order of battle. Sir Walter 
 Gilbert's division on the right, flanked by Brigadier Pope's 
 brigade of cavalry, which I strengthened by the 14th 
 Light Dragoons, well aware that the enemy was strong in 
 cavalry upon his left. To this were attached three troops 
 of horse artillery under Lieutenant-Colonel Grant. 
 
 The heavy guns were in the centre. 
 
 Brigadier-General Campbell's division formed the left, 
 flanked by Brigadier White's brigade of cavalry, and three 
 troops of horse artillery under Lieutenant-Colonel Brind. 
 
 The field batteries were with the infantry divisions. 
 
 Thus formed, the troops were ordered to lie down, whilst ^ ^f^ 
 the heavy guns under Major Horsford, ably seconded by / 
 Brevet-Majors Ludlow and Sir Richmond Shakespear, <-'^V* 
 opened a well-directed and powerful fire upon the enemy's 
 centre, where his guns appeared'principally to be place<r; 
 and this fire was ably supported on the flanks by the 
 field batteries of the infantry divisions. 
 
 •J>
 
 156 APPENDIX F. 
 
 After about an hour's fire, that of the euemy appeared 
 to be, if not silenced, sufficiently disabled to justify an 
 advance upon his position and guns. 
 
 I then ordered my left dmsion to advance, which had 
 S: to move over a great extent of ground, and in front of 
 -jf^^: which the enemy seemed not to have many guns. Soon • //y/. 
 ^ ^ after, I directed Sir Walter Gilbert to advane, and sent 
 7, orders to Brigadier Pope to protect the flank and support 
 p, •' the movement. Brigadier Penny's brigade was held in 
 '* reserve, while the irregular cavalry under Brigadier flTjh 
 Hearsey, with the 20th Native Infantry, was ordered tot v 
 
 protect the enormous amount of provision and baggage \ ' ^ * 
 that so hampers the movement of an Indian army. 
 
 Some time after the advance, I found that Brigadier 
 Penny cuick's brigade had failed in maintaining the 
 position it had carried, and immediately ordered Brigadier 
 "^f Penny's reserve to its support; but Brigadier-General 
 Campbell, with that steady coolness and military decision 
 for which he is so remarkable, having pushed on his left 
 brigade and formed line to his right, carried everything 
 before him, and soon overthrew that portion of the enemy 
 which had obtained a temporary advantage over his right 
 brigade. 
 
 This last brigade, I am informed, mistook for the signal 
 to move in double time, the action of their brave leaders, 
 Brigadier Pennycuick and Lieutenant-Colonel Brooks ; 
 (two officers not surpassed for sound judgment and '2' 
 military daring in this or any other army), who waived 
 their swords over their heads as they cheered on their 
 ■ , gallant comrades. This unhappy mistake led to the 
 f^ Europeans outstripping the Native corps, which could not 
 keep pace, and arriving completely blown at a belt of 
 thick jungle, where they got into some confusion, and 
 Lieutenant- Colonel Brooks, leading the 24th, was killed 
 between the enemy's guns. At this moment a large body
 
 APPENDIX P. 157 
 
 of infantry, which supported^their guns, opened upon 
 
 them so destructive a fixe^ that the brigade was forced to 
 
 retire, having lost their gallant and lamented leader, 
 
 Brigadier Pennycuick, and the three other field-officers of 
 
 the 24th, and nearly half the regiment before it gave way. 
 
 The Native regiment, when it came up, also suffering 
 
 severely. In justice to this brigade, I must be allowed to 
 
 state, that they behaved heroically, and, but for their too 
 
 I I hasty, and consequently diso rderly advance, would have 
 
 2, 1 emulated the conduct of their left brigade, which, left 
 
 ' unsupported for a time, had to charge to their front and 
 
 right, wherever an enemy appe ared. The brigade of 
 
 horse artillery on their left, under Lieutenant- Colonel 
 
 Brind, judiciously and gallantly aiding, maintained an 
 
 "> effective fire. 
 
 Major-General Sir J. Thackwell, on the extreme left ... 
 and rear, charged the enemy's cavalry wherever they f.**^ 
 showed themselves. 
 
 The right attack of infantry, under that able officer' /^^-^ 
 Major-Gene ral Sir Walter Gilbert, was most praiseworthy,— ^ '' 
 » j and successful. The left brigade, under Brigadier Moun- 
 5 tain, advanced under a heavy fire upon the^enemy's guns, 
 in a manner that did credit to the brigadier and his 
 .^-^ 'f I gallant brigade, which came first into action and suffered 
 t^fflJ^^ severely: the right brigade, under Brigadier Godby, ably 
 .^ supported the advance. 
 \\^ This division nobly maintained the character of the 
 -^ ^ Indian army, taking and spiking the whole of the enemy's 
 
 guns, in their front, and dispersing the Sikhs wherever . , ■ 
 they were seen. ft^, 
 
 The major-general reports most favourably of the fire / , 
 of his field-battery. < ((('•>_ 
 
 j , The right brigade of cavalry, under Brigadier Pope, 
 was not, I regret to say, so successful. Either by some 
 order, or misapprehension of an order, they got into 
 
 r^
 
 158 APPENDIX F. 
 
 much confusion, hampered the fine brigade of horse 
 artillery, which, while getting into action, against a body 
 of the enemy's cavalry that was coming down upon them, 
 had their horses separated from their guns by the false 
 movements of our cavalry, and notwithstanding the 
 heroic conduct of the gunners, four of those guns were 
 disabled to an extent which rendered their withdrawal, at 
 the moment, impossible. The moment the artillery was 
 extricated and the cavalry reformed, a few rounds put to 
 
 '' jY- flight the enemy that had occasioned this confusion. 
 
 With this exception, the conduct of the troops generally 
 was most exemplary. Some corps, both European and 
 
 '' * native, acting under most trying circumstances (from the 
 temporary failure in our left centre and right, and the 
 cover which the jungle afforded to the enemy's move- 
 ments), and with a gallantry worthy of the highest 
 admiration. 
 
 Although the enemy, who defended not only his guns, 
 
 ^1 \l but his position, with desperation, was driven in much 
 
 J. J^ confusion, and with heavy loss, from every part of it ; 
 '**' and the greater part of his field-artillery was actually 
 
 captured : the march o f brig ades to their flanks to repel, '[ ,■■ f,j ^^ 
 parties that had_ rallied, and the want of numbers and ff/ » 
 consequent support to our right flank, aided by the cover ^ />^'^'^^ 
 of the jungle and the close of the day, enabled him, upon 
 our further advance in pursuit, to return and carry off 
 unobserved the greater portion of the guns we had thus 
 gallantly carried at the point of the bayonet. 
 
 I remained with Brigadier-General Campbell's division, 
 which had been reinforced by Brigadier Mountain's 
 brigade, until near 8 o'clock, in order to effect the 
 bringing in of the captured ordnance, and of the wounded, 
 and I hoped to bring in the rest of the guns next 
 morning. But I did not feel justified in remaining 
 longer out. The night was very dark. I knew not how
 
 APPENDIX F. 159 
 
 far I had advanced. There were no wells nearer than the 
 line of this village. The troops had been arduously 
 employed all day, and there was every appearance of a wet 
 night : rain did fall before morning. 
 
 I should have felt greater satisfaction if I were enabled 
 to state, that my expectations in regard to the guns had 
 been realised ; but although a brigade of cavalry, under 
 Brigadier White, with a troop of horse artillery, were on 
 the grormd soon after daylight, we found that the enemy, 
 assisted by the neighboxu'ing villagers, had carried off 
 their guns, excepting twelve, which we had brought in 
 the night before. Most of the captured waggons I had 
 caused to be blown up before leaving the ground. 
 
 The victory was complete, as to the total overthrow of 
 the enemy ; and his sense of utter discomfiture and defeat 
 will, I trust, soon be made apparent, unless indeed the 
 rumours prevalent this day of his having been joined by 
 Chutter Sing, prove correct. 
 
 I am informed that the loss of the Sikhs has been very 
 great, and chiefly amongst their old and tried soldiers. ' 
 In no action do I remember seeing so many of an enemy's 
 slain upon the same space : Sobraonperhaps only excepted. 
 
 I have now, my Lord, stated the general moveiiiehts^ of 
 this army previous to and during the action of Chillian- 
 wallah, and as that action was characterised by peculiar 
 features, which rendered it impossible for the Commander- 
 in-Chief to witness all the operations of the force, I shall 
 beg leave to bring prominently to your Lordship's notice, 
 the names of the several officers and corps particularly 
 mentioned by the divisional commanders. 
 
 I have already stated the obligations I am under to 
 Major-General Sir Joseph Thackwell, and Sir Walter 
 Grilbert, and to Brigadier-General Campbell, for their 
 most valuable services. I warmly concur with them in the 
 thanks which they have expressed to the several bri-
 
 160 APPENDIX F. 
 
 gadiers and officers commanding corps, and to the troops 
 generally. 
 
 Sir Joseph Thackwell names, with much satisfaction, 
 Brigadier White's conduct of his brigade; Major Yer- 
 bury, commanding 3rd Light Dragoons ; the gallant 
 charge of Captain Unett, in command of a squadron of 
 that corps; Major Mackenzie, commanding tne 8th; 
 and Captain Wheatley, commanding the 5th Light 
 Cavalry ; and the conduct of Captain Moore, of the 8th, 
 with a squadron detached in support of the artillery. 
 He further notices the assistance he derived from the zeal 
 and activity of Captain Pratt, assistant adjutant- general, 
 and Lieutenant Tucker, deputy-assistant quartermaster- 
 general of his division, of Captain Cautley, major of 
 brigade, of his aide-de-camp, Lieutenant Thackwell, and 
 'of Lieutenant Simpson, sub-assistant commissary- 
 general. 
 
 Brigadier- General Campbell speaks in terms of admira- 
 tion of the 6th brigade, led on by that distinguished 
 officer, Brigadier Pennycuick ; and particularly of the 
 gallant exertions of Her Majesty's 24th Foot, under 
 the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Brookes ; and the 
 good and steady advance of the 25th and 45th Native 
 Infantry, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Corbett and Major Williams. He particularizes the 
 undaunted example set to his brigade by Brigadier 
 Hoggan ; the continued steadiness and gallantry of Her 
 Majesty's 61st Regiment, commanded by Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Macleod, under the most trying circumstances ; 
 the distinguished conduct of Major Fleming and the 
 officers of the 36th Native Infantry ; and of the 46th 
 Native Infantry, under Major Tudor ; as also the able and 
 zealous exertions of the Brigade-Major, Captain Keiller. 
 The Brigadier- General also brings to notice his obliga- 
 tions to Major Tucker, assistant adjutant- general of the
 
 APPENDIX F. 161 
 
 army ; and to Captain Goldie and Lieutenant Irwin, of the 
 
 Engineers, who were sent to his assistance, and the cordial 
 and able support which he received from Major Ponsonbj, 
 his assistant adjutant- general; and he particularly men- 
 tions the conduct of Ensign Garden, his deputy assistant 
 quartermaster- general ; and Captain Haythorne, his aide- 
 de-camp ; further naming Lieutenant Grant of Her 
 Majesty's 24th Eegiment ; Lieutenant Powys, of Her 
 Majesty's 61st, who attended him as orderly ofl&cers ; and 
 of Lieutenant and Adjutant Sliadwell, of Her Majesty's 
 98th, who was with him as a volunteer. 
 
 Sir Walter Gilbert speaks warmly of the charge led by - . . ^ .f^ 
 Brigadier Mouataiu+ against a large battery of the enemy, ^ _ ,.- 
 
 and followed up on the right by Brigadier Godby ; and of ^^__ ^ 
 
 the subsequent conduct of these officers ; as also of the 
 conduct of Major Chester, assistant adj utant- general ; 
 and Lieutenant Galloway, deputy assistant quartermaster- 
 general of the division ; of Lieutenant Colt, his aide-de- 
 camp ; of Captain Sherwill, and Lieutenant Macdonnell, 
 majors of brigade; and of Captain Glasf urd ; and Lieu- 
 tenant W. E. Morton, of the Engineers. 
 
 The major-general further mentions the undauntecL— — 
 bravery on this occasion of Her Majesty's 29th Regiment, v ■ ■ 
 under Lieutenant-Colonel Congreve.-; -the" distinguished ^ 
 
 conduct of the 2nd European Regiment, under Major /•'^^ 
 Steel; and the manner in which Majors Smith and Way, 
 of the 29th, and Major Talbot, of the 2nd Europeans, 
 seconded their able commanders. He also expresses his 
 thanks to Lieutenant-Colonel Jack, commanding the 30th 
 Native Infantry ; Major Bamfield, commanding the 56th 
 Native Infantry, who was mortally wounded ; Major 
 Corfield, commanding the 31st Native Infantry ; and 
 Major McCausland, commanding the 70th Native In- 
 fantry ; for the manner in which they led their regiments 
 into action: naming likewise Captain Nembhard, of the 
 
 11
 
 162 APPENDIX F. 
 
 66th, who succeeded to the command of that corps ; 
 Captain Dawes, commanding the field-battery of the 
 division ; and Captain Robbins, of the 15th, who acted 
 as his aide-de-camp. 
 
 The reserve, consisting of the 15th Native Infantry, 
 and eight companies of the 69th Native Infantry, was 
 ably handled by Brigadier Penny, .well seconded by Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonels Sibbald and Mercer, commanding the 
 corps. The brigadier particularly mentions the steady 
 conduct of the Rifle Company of the 69th, under Captain 
 Sissmore ; and acknowledges the services of Captain 
 Macphersou, his major of brigade ; and Brevet Captain 
 Morris, of the 20th Native Infantry, who attended him 
 as orderly officer. 
 
 Brigadier- General Tennant, commanding the artillery 
 division, rendered me every aid, and presided over the 
 noble arm, of which he is the head, most creditably to 
 himself and most beneficially to the service. The briga- 
 dier-general particularly mentions Brigadier J. Brooke, 
 who commanded the whole of the horse artillery ; Bri- 
 gadier Huthwaite, commanding the foot artillery ; Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonels C. Crant andF. Brind; Major E. Horsford 
 and Major Mowatt ; all of whom were in important 
 commands. He further brings to notice Cajjtain J. 
 Abercrombie, deputy assistant adjutant- general ; Lieu- 
 tenant Tombs, deputy assistant quartermaster- general, 
 his aide-de-camp ; Lieutenant Olpherts ; Captain Hogge, 
 commissary of ordnance ; and Lieutenant de Tessier, who 
 attended him as orderly officer. 
 
 I have, in the beginning of this despatch, noticed the 
 services of Brevet-Major Sir Richmond Shakespear and 
 Brevet-Major Ludlow, in command of the heavy batteries 
 under the general superintendence of Major Horsford ; 
 and it only remains for me to add, that the conduct of 
 Major Fordyce; Captains Warner and Duncan; Lieutenants
 
 APPENDIX F. 163 
 
 Robinson and Walker, commanding troops and field- 
 batteries ; as well as the officers and men of the artillery 
 generally, have been named in terms of praise by the 
 divisional commander. 
 
 Lieutenants C. V. Cox and E. Kaye, brigade-majors of 
 this arm, have been also named by their resj^eetive 
 brigadiers. 
 
 From the engineer department, under Major Tremen- 
 here, I received active assistance, ably aided by Captain 
 Dui'and, Lieutenants R. Baird, Smith, ;iud Goodwyn. 
 
 Tu the general staff I am gr.-atly indebted. Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Gough, C.B., quartermaster- general ; and Major 
 L'lgard, acting adjutant- general ; and Captain C. Ottor, 
 acting assistant adjutant- general of Her Majesty's forces; 
 Lieutenant-Colonel P. Grant, C.B., adjutant- general of the 
 army; Major C. Ekins (killed), a valued and much re- 
 gretted officer, deputy adjutant- general ; and Major 
 Tucker, assistant adjutant- general of the army ; Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel W. Garden, C.B., quartermaster- general of 
 the army ; Lieutenant W. F. Tytler, assistant quarter- 
 master-general ; and Lieutenant Paton, deputy assistant 
 quartermaster- general of the army ; Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Birch, judge-advocate-general ; and Lieutenant G. B. 
 Johnson, deputy judge-advocate-general; Major G. Thom- 
 son, assistant commissary- general ; Lieutenant-Colonel 
 J. G. W. Curtis, assistant commissary-general ; Captain 
 C. Campbell, paymaster to the army ; Captain J. Lang, 
 postmaster ; and H. Franklin, Esquire, insjiector- general 
 of Her Majesty's hospitals. 
 
 To my personal staff I am also much indebted. Captain 
 F, P. Haines, military secretary ; Major H. Bates, aide- 
 de-camp ; Lieutenant A. Bagot, aide-de-camp ; Lieutenant 
 S. J. Hire, aide-de-camp ; Captain Gabbett, aide-de-camp ; 
 Lieiitenant G. N. Hardinge, aide-de-camp ; and Lieutenant 
 W. G. Prendergast, Persian interpreter, ^
 
 164 APPENDIX F. 
 
 The unwearied exei-tions of Dr. Renny, superintending- 
 surgeon, and of Dr. MacRae, field- surgeon, in the care of 
 the wounded, have been beyond all praise. 
 
 The Earl of Gifford kindly accompanied me throughout 
 the operations, and was most useful in conveying my 
 orders to the several divisions and brigades. I had also 
 the advantage throughout the day of the active services of 
 Lieutenant -Colonel Sir Henry M. Lawrence, Major Mac- 
 keson, Mr. Cocks, C. S., Captain Nicholson, and Lieu- 
 tenant Robinson, as well as of Major^Anstruther, of the 
 Madras Artillery, and Lieutenant H. O. Mayne, of the 6th 
 Madras Light Cavalry. 
 
 Captain Ramsay, joint deputy commissary- general, with 
 the several oflB,cers of that department, has been most 
 indefatigable, and has hitherto kept the army well 
 supplied. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) Gough, General, 
 
 Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Returned of killed, wounded, and missing of the army of 
 the Punjaub, under the personal command of the 
 Right Honourable Lord Gough, G.C.B., in the action 
 with the Sikh forces, under Rajah Shere Sing, at 
 Chillianwallah, on the 13th January 1849. 
 
 General Staff — 1 European ofiicer, 1 horse, killed ; 2 
 European officers wounded. 
 
 Artillery Division. — Horse Artillery Brigade. 
 
 1st Troop, 2nd Brigade — 5 rank and file, 1 lascar, killed ; 
 
 1 rank and file, 4 lascars, 2 horses, womided ; 1 rank 
 
 and file, 22 horses, missing. 
 2nd Troop, ditto — 4 rank and file, 1 lascar, wounded ; 2 
 
 horses missing.
 
 APPENDIX F. 165 
 
 3rd Troop, 2nd Brigade — 1 sergeant, 6 rank and file, killed; 
 
 1 European officer, 2 rank and file, 3 lascars, 1 Syce, 
 
 wounded; 1 rank and file, 6 Syces, 31 horses, missing. 
 4th Troop, ditto — 1 European oflicer, 1 Syce, 6 horses, 
 
 killed ; 2 rank and file, 2 horses, wounded ; 4 horses 
 
 missing. 
 1st Troop, 3rd Brigade — 1 rank and file, 1 horse, killed ; 
 
 1 rank and file, 1 horse, wounded. 
 2nd Troop, ditto — 1 rank and file wounded. 
 
 Foot Artillery Brigade. 
 1st Company, 1st Battalion, No. 10 Battery — 1 horse 
 
 wounded. 
 3rd Company, ditto, No. 17 Battery — 3 horses killed; 2 
 
 European ofiicers, 1 trumpeter, 2 rank and file, 
 
 wounded ; 1 horse missing. 
 1st Company, 4th ditto — 1 rank and file killed ; 7 rank 
 
 and file wounded. 
 2nd Company, ditto — 1 rank and file killed ; 1 sergeant, 2 
 
 rank and file, wounded. 
 4th Company, ditto — 1 rank and file wounded. 
 6th Company, 7th ditto. No. 5 Battery — 1 horse killed ; 5 
 
 rank and file, 1 horse, wounded ; 1 horse missing. 
 Park Establishment — 1 sergeant killed. 
 Total — 1 European officer, 2 sergeants, 14 rank and file, 1 
 
 lascar, 1 Syce, 11 horses, killed ; 3 European officers, 
 
 1 sergeant, 1 trmnpeter, 28 rank and file, 8 lascars, 1 
 
 Syce, 7 horses, wounded ; 2 rank and file, 6 Syc(^s, 61 
 
 horses, missing. 
 Engineer Department, 6th Company of Pioneers — 3 rank 
 
 and file wounded. 
 
 Cavalry Division. — 1st Brigade. 
 H. M.'s 3rd Light Dragoons — 1 sergeant, 23 rank and file, 
 killed; 2 European officers, 14 rank and file, 14 horses, 
 wounded.
 
 166 APPENDIX F. 
 
 H. M.'s 14tli Light Dragoons — 1 European officer, 1 rank 
 and file, 2 horses, killed ; 1 European officer, 2 ser- 
 geants, 12 rank and file, 2 horses, wounded ; 2 rank 
 and file, 4 horses, missing. 
 
 5th Light Cavalry — 2 sergeants, 1 trumpeter, 3 rank and 
 file, 7 horses, killed ; 2 European officers, 1 native 
 ditto, 2 sergeants, 11 rank and file, 7 horses, wounded. 
 
 8th Light Cavalry — 1 rank and file killed ; 2 rank and file, 
 1 horse, wounded ; 2 horses missing. 
 2nd Brigade. 
 
 Brigade Staff — 1 European officer wounded. 
 
 H. M.'s 9th Lancers — 4 rank and file killed ; 8 rank and 
 file, 5 horses, wounded ; 4 horses missing. 
 
 1st Regiment Light Cavalry — 3 rank and file, 1 Syce, 1 
 horse, killed ; 1 native officer, 1 sergeant, 2 rank and 
 file, 1 Syce, 7 horses, wounded; 3 horses missing. 
 
 6th Regiment Light Cavalry — 1 European officer, 2 native 
 ditto, 4 rank and file, 2 horses, killed; 2 European 
 officers, 1 warrant officer, 1 sergeant, 6 rank and file, 
 wounded ; 6 horses missing. 
 
 Total — 2 European officers, 2 native ditto, 3 sergeants, 
 1 trumpeter, 39 rank and file, 1 Syce, 38 horses, killed; 
 8 European officers, 2 native ditto, 1 warrant officer, 
 6 sergeants, 55 rank and file, 1 Syce, 36 horses, 
 wounded ; 2 rank and file, 19 horses, missing. 
 2nd Infantry Division. — 3rd Brigade. 
 
 2nd European Regiment — 6 rank and file killed ; 2 Euro- 
 pean officers, 5 sergeants, 54 rank and file, wounded. 
 
 31st Regiment of Native Infantry — 1 havildar, 2 rank 
 and file, killed ; 1 European officer, 2 havildars, 12 
 rank and file, wovmded. 
 
 45th Regiment of Native Infantry ^-4 havildars, 13 rank 
 and file, killed ; 4 European officers, 1 native ditto, 1 
 havildar, 53 rank and file, wounded ; 3 rank and file, 
 missing.
 
 APPENDIX F. 167 
 
 70th Regimeut of Native Infantry — 2 native officers, 3 
 rank and file, killed ; 2U rank and file wounded. 
 4th Brigade. 
 H. M.'s 29th Foot— 2 sergeants, 29 rank and file, killed ; 
 4 European officers, 5 sergeants, 4 drummers, 194 
 rank and file, wounded ; 3 rank and file missing. 
 30th Regiment of Native Infantry — 2 Eui'opean officers, 1 
 native ditto, 10 havildars, 1 drummer, 53 rank and 
 file, killed ; 9 European officers, 9 native ditto, 12 
 havildars, 1 drummer, 187 rank and file, wounded. 
 56th Regiment of Native Infantry — 2 European officers, 
 4 native ditto, 7 havildars, 32 rank and file, killed ; 6 
 European officers, 6 native ditto, 18 havildars, 4 
 drummers, 205 rank and file, wounded ; 2 havildars, 
 36 rank and file, missing. 
 Total — 4 European officers, 7 native ditto, 24 sergeants or 
 havildars, 1 drummer, 138 rank and file, killed ; 26 
 European officers, 16 native ditto, 43 sergeants or 
 havildars, 9 drummers, 725 rank and file, wounded ; 
 2 havildars, 42 rank and file, missing. 
 3rd Infantry Division. 
 Divisional and Brigade Staff — 2 European officers killed, 2 
 ditto wounded. 
 
 5th Brigade. 
 H. M.'s 24th Foot — 11 Euroj)ean officers, 4 sergeants, 1 
 drummer, 188 rank and file, 2 horses, killed ; 10 Eu- 
 ropean officers, 8 Serjeants, 2 drummers, 256 rank 
 and file, wounded ; 38 rank and file missing. 
 25th Regiment of Native Infantry — 1 European officer, 6 
 native ditto, 13 havildars, 2 drummers, 78 rank and 
 file, killed ; 2 European officers, 3 native ditto, 3 ha- 
 vildars, 2 drummers, 82 rank and file, 1 horse, 
 wounded ; 2 havildars, 10 rank and file, missing. 
 6th Brigade. 
 15th Regiment of Native Infantry — 4 havildars, 4 rank
 
 168 APPENDIX F. 
 
 - and file, killed ; 3 European officers, 1 native ditto, 7 
 havildars, 37 rank and file, wounded. 
 
 69tli Eegiment of Native Infantry — 1 havildar, 3 rank 
 and file, killed ; 2 European officers, 8 havildars, 2 
 drummers, 51 rank and file, wounded. 
 7th Brigade. 
 
 H. M.'s 61st Foot — 11 rank and file killed ; 3 European 
 officers, 7 sergeants, 93 rank and file, wounded. 
 
 36th Regiment of Native Infantry — 1 native officer, 2 
 havildars, 25 rank and file, killed ; 6 European 
 officers, 2 native ditto, 3 havildars, 66 rank and file, 
 wounded. 
 
 46th Regiment of Native Infantry — 3 rank and file killed ; 
 3 native officers, 4 havildars, 1 drummer, 43 rank and 
 file, wounded. 
 
 Total — 14 European officers, 7 native ditto, 24 sergeants 
 or havildars, 3 drummers, 312 rank and file, 2 horses, 
 killed ; 28 European officers, 9 native ditto, 40 ser- 
 geants or havildars, 7 drummers, 628 rank and file, 1 
 horse, wounded; 2 havildars, 48 rank and file, missing. 
 
 Grand Total — 22 European officers, 16 native ditto, 53 
 sergeants or havildars, 5 trumpeters or drummers, 503 
 rank and file, 1 lascar, 2 Syces, 52 horses, killed; 
 67 European officers, 27 native ditto, 1 warrant 
 officer, 90 sergeants or havildars, 17 trumpeters or 
 drummers, 1439 rank and file, 8 lascars, 2 Syces, 44 
 horses, wounded ; 4 sergeants or havildars, 94 rank 
 and file, 6 Syces, 80 horses, missing. 
 
 Nominal Roll of European Officers, Killed, 
 Wounded, or Missing. 
 
 General Staff — Killed: Brevet-Major C. Ekins, deputy- 
 adjutant- general of the army. Wounded: Brevet- 
 Major H. T. Tucker, assistant adjutant- general of
 
 APPENDIX F. 169 
 
 the army, contusion ; Lieutenant J. S. Paton, deputy 
 assistant quartermaster- general, severely. 
 
 Artillery Division. 
 
 4tli Troop, 2nd Brigade Horse Artillery — Killed: Lieu- 
 tenant J. A. Manson. 
 
 3rd Troop, 2nd Brigade Horse Artillery — Wounded : 
 Brevet-Major E. Christie, very dangerously, since 
 dead. 
 
 3rd Company, 1st Battalion Artillery — Wounded : Captain 
 M. Dawes, slightly ; 1st Lieutenant C. S. Dundas, 
 severely. 
 
 Cavalry Division. 
 
 Brigade Staff — Wounded : Brigadier A. Pope, C.B., com- 
 manding 2nd Cavalry Brigade, severely. 
 
 H. M.'s 3rd Light Dragoons — Wounded : Captain W. 
 Unett, severely ; Lieutenant T. H. Stisted. 
 
 5th Regiment Light Cavalry — Wounded : Lieutenant R. 
 Christie, dangerously ; Lieutenant A. P. C. Elliot, 
 severely. 
 
 H. M.'s 14th Light Dragoons — Killed : Lieutenant A. J. 
 Cureton. Wounded: Major C. Steuart. 
 
 6th Regiment Light Cavalry — Killed : Lieutenant A. M. 
 Shepherd. Wounded : Captain W. J. E. Boys, Lieu- 
 tenant H. R. Grindlay. 
 
 2nd Infantry Division. 
 2nd European Regiment — Wounded : Lieutenant M. R. 
 
 Nightingale, very severely ; Lieutenant J. Bleaymire, 
 
 slightly. 
 31st Regiment of Native Infantry — Wounded : Captain 
 
 W. R. Dunmore, slightly. 
 H. M.'s 29th Foot— Wounded : Major M. Smith, slight 
 
 contusion ; Lieutenant the Honourable H. M. Monc- 
 
 ton, severely ; Lieutenant H. T. Metge, very severely ; 
 
 Ensign G. H. Nevill, slightly.
 
 170 APPENDIX F. 
 
 30th Eegiment of Native Infantry — Killed : Captain W. 
 H. Ross, Ensign A. C. de Morel. Wounded: Brevet- 
 Major M. E. Loftie, severely ; Captain W. C. Camp- 
 bell, slightly ; Captain R. S. Ewart, ditto ; Captain 
 C. P. Fenwick, very severely : Captain J. Morrieson, 
 slightly ; Lieutenant H. Swinhoe, severely ; Ensign 
 T. Pierce, slightly ; Ensign J. C. Wood, very severely ; 
 Ensign W. T. Leicester, ditto. 
 
 56th Regiment of Native Lifantry — ^Killed : Lieutenant 
 W. Warde, Ensign P. W. Robinson. Wounded: 
 Major D. Bamfield, very severely, since dead ; Lieu- 
 tenant W. C. Gott, slightly ; Lieutenant L. B. Jones, 
 severely ; Lieutenant P. V. R. Jervis, ditto ; Lieu- 
 tenant J. H. Bacon, slightly; Lieutenant J. W. Dela- 
 main, severely, arm since amputated. 
 
 45th Regiment of Native Infantry — Wounded : Captain R. 
 Haldane, severely ; Lieutenant J. Palmer, do. ; Ensign 
 M. H. Combe, slightly ; Ensign W. L. Trotter, badly. 
 3rd Infantry Division. 
 
 Divisional Staff — ^ Wounded : Brigadier- General C. Camp- 
 bell, C. B., slightly. 
 
 Brigade Staff — Killed: Brigadier J. Pennycuick, C. B. 
 and K. H. ; Captain C. R. Harris, major of brigade. 
 Wounded: Brevet-Captain A. B. Morris, officiating 
 brigade-major, slightly. 
 
 H. M.'s 24th Poot— Killed: Lieutenant- Colonel E. 
 Brookes, Major H. W. Harris, Captain C. Lee, 
 Captain J. S. Shore, Captain R. W. Travers, Lieu- 
 tenant G. Phillips, Lieutenant 0. B. Payne, Lieu- 
 tenant J. A. Woodgate, Lieutenant W. Phillij^s, En- 
 sign H. E. B. Collis, Ensign A. Pennycuick. 
 Wounded: Major H. Paynter, dangerously; Captain 
 W. G. Brown, slightly ; Captain L. H. Bazalgette, 
 severely ; Lieutenant G. E. L. Williams, dangerously ; 
 Lieutenant R. A. Croker, severely ; Lieutenant G. F.
 
 APPENDIX F. 
 
 171 
 
 Berry, slightly ; Lieuteuant J. B. Thelwall, severely ; 
 Lieutenant and Adjutant W. Hartshron, slightly ; 
 Lieutenant A. J. Macpherson, severely ; Lieutenant 
 J. H. Archer (H. M.'s 96th), slightly. 
 
 25th Eegiment of Native Infantry — Killed : Lieutenant A. 
 Money. Wounded : Lieutenant A. G. C. Sutherland, 
 slightly ; Lieutenant F. A. Jeune, ditto. 
 
 45th Regiment of Native Infantry — Wounded: Lieu- 
 tenant and Adjutant G. G. Anderson, severely ; Lieu- 
 tenant H. R. Shawe, slightly ; Lieutenant W. G. 
 Ellice, ditto. 
 
 69th Regiment of Native Infantry— Wounded : Captain J. 
 A. James, severely ; Lieutenant J. Nesbitt, ditto. 
 
 H. M.'s 61st Foot — Wounded: Captain J. Massey, severely ; 
 Ensign J. Nagel, ditto ; Ensign J. H. H. Parks, 
 slightly. 
 
 36th Regiment of Native Infantry — Wounded : Captain 
 F. A. Carlcton, severely ; Lieutenant, Intei'preter, and 
 Quartermaster A. N. Thompson, since dead ; Lieu- 
 tenant and Adjutant C. S. Weston, severely ; Lieu- 
 tenant J. D. Meynay, slightly ; Ensign F. J. S. Bag- 
 shaw, sevex'ely ; Ensign C. J. Godby, dangerously. 
 (Signed) Pat. Grant, Lieut.-Col. 
 
 Adjutant-General of the Army. 
 Adjutant- General's Oflfice, 
 
 Head-Quarters, Camp Chillianwallah. 
 17th January 1849.
 
 172 APPENDIX F. 
 
 1 List of Ordnance and Ordnance Stores captured from the 
 \ Enemy in the Action of the 13th January. 
 
 Camp Chillian wallah, 15th Jan. 1849. 
 
 No. 
 
 Calibre. 
 
 Nature. 
 
 1 
 
 3-84 
 
 7-pounder8 
 
 2 
 
 3-80 
 
 7-pounders 
 
 3 
 
 379 
 
 7-pounders 
 
 4 
 
 3-40 
 
 5| -pounders 
 
 5 
 
 3-67 
 
 6-pounders 
 
 6 
 
 3-80 
 
 7-pounders 
 
 7 
 
 3-76 
 
 7-pounders 
 
 8 
 
 3-75 
 
 7-pounders 
 
 9 
 
 2-90 
 
 3-pounders 
 
 10 
 
 3-94 
 
 7f-pounders 
 
 11 
 
 3-74 
 
 6f-pounders 
 
 12 
 
 3-60 
 
 6-pounders 
 
 Six of these guns have carriages and limbers, and six are 
 without limbers ; all of the pattern nearly in use with our 
 field-pieces. 
 
 Two ammunition-carriages (one partly destroyed by ex- 
 plosion), 1 platform-cart, 144 cartridges, liners fixed to 
 shot ; 16 cartridges unfixed, and 18 port-fires have also 
 been brought into park. 
 
 (Signed) J. Abercrombie, Captain, 
 
 Dep. Assist. Adj.-G-en. Arty., Army of the Punjaub, 
 (Signed) J. Tennant, Brig. -Gen., 
 
 Commanding Artillery Division. 
 (True Copy.) 
 (Signed) P. Grant, Lieut.-CoL, 
 
 Adjutant- General of the Army. 
 (True Copies.) 
 
 H. M. Elliot, 
 Secretary to the Govt, of India, 
 
 with the Governor- General.
 
 APPENDIX F. 173 
 
 From the Right Honourable the Commander-in-Chief, to the 
 Bight Honourable the Governor- General of India, 
 &c. &c. &c. 
 
 Head-quarters, Camp Ramnugger, 
 December 10, 1848. 
 My Lord, — In continuation of my letter of the 5th in- 
 stant, I have now the honour to inclose to your Lordship a 
 copy of Major-G-eneral Sir Joseph Thackwell's despatch, 
 dated the 6th idem, but only received last night, detailing 
 the operations of the force under his command, after it 
 had been detached from my head-quarters. 
 
 I can only repeat the warm approval I have already 
 expressed of the conduct of the Major-General and of 
 every officer and man under his command, and I beg your 
 Lordship's favourable consideration of the services of 
 those named by Sir Joseph Thackwell. 
 
 I beg to inclose a rough sketch of the operations of the 
 8rd instant. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) Gough. 
 
 From. Major- General Sir Joseph Thackwell, K.C.B. and K.H., 
 to Lieutenant-Colonel Grant, G.B., Adjutant-General 
 of the Army. 
 
 Head-quarters, Camp Ramnugger, Camp Heyleh. 
 
 December 6, 1848. 
 
 Sir, — I have the honour to report, for the information 
 
 of the Right Honourable the Commander-in-Chief, that 
 
 agreeably to his Excellency's orders, I left the camp at
 
 174 APPENDIX P. 
 
 Eamuugger, with the troops named in the naargin,* at 
 about half-past 3 o'clock on the morning of the Ist 
 December 1848, instead of at 1 o'clock, as I had ordered, 
 some of the troops having lost their way among the in- 
 tricacies of the rear of the encam])ment, and proceeded to 
 the vicinity of the ford on the Chenab at Eunnee-Khan- 
 
 * Major Christie's Troop Horse Artillery. 
 
 Captain Huish's Troop Horse Artilleiy. 
 
 Captain Warner's Troop Horse Artillery. 
 
 Captain Kinleside, Xo. 5 Light Field Battery. 
 
 Captain Austin, No. 10 Light Field Batteiy. 
 
 Captain Eobinson and two 18-pounders, imder the command of 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Grant, Horse Artillery. 
 
 2 companies of pioneers. 
 
 The pontoon train. 
 
 1st Brigade of Cavalry, commanded by Brigadier White. 
 
 3rd Light Dragoons, commanded by Major Yerbury. 
 
 5th Light Cavahy, commanded by Captain Wheatley. 
 
 8th Light Cavalry, commanded by Captain Moore. 
 
 3rd Irregular Cavalry, commanded by Major Tait. 
 
 12th Irregular Cavalry, commanded by Lieutenant Cunningham. 
 3rd Brigade of Infantry, Brigadier Eckford. 
 
 31st Native Infantiy, Major Corfield. 
 
 56 Native Infantry, Major Bamficld. 
 3rd Division of Infantry, Brigadier- General Campbell, commanding. 
 6th Brigade of Infantiy, Brigadier Pemiycuick. 
 
 H.M.'s 24th Foot, Major Harris. 
 
 2 flank companies, 2nd Battalion company, 22nd Native Lifantry, 
 Major Sampson. 
 
 8th Brigade of Infantry, Brigadier Hoggan. 
 
 H.M.'s 61st Foot, Lieutenant-Colonel McLeod. 
 
 36th Native Infantry, Major Flemyng. 
 
 46th Native Infantry, Major Tuddr. 
 
 Of the above detail, the following returned in charge of the two 
 18-poimders and pontoon train : 
 
 2 guns of No. 10 Light Field Battery. 
 
 12th Irregular Cavalry. 
 
 2 companies 22nd Native Infantry.
 
 APPENDIX F. 175 
 
 ke-Puttun, distant thirteen miles from Ramnugger, 
 which, owing to the hrokeu ground and narrow roads, 
 where any existed for the first four miles, I did not reach 
 before 11 o'clock. The enemy had infantry at this ford, pi r^lrfli 
 which rej)ort afterwards magnified to 4,000 men, but the > 
 villagers said it was mtich deeper than the one at Allee 
 Shere-ke-Chuck, a mile higher up the river. I am much 
 indebted to Lieutenant Paton, deputy assistant quarter- 
 master- generel, for his anxious exertions in examining 
 this ford ; and from his report I came to the conclusion 
 that this ford of Allee Shere-ke-Chuck could not have 
 artillery on the left bank of the river to coviT the passage 
 of the troops, from the insecure bottom of the first ford, 
 neither could the pontoon train be of much use for the 
 same reason, and the deep sands which lay between the 
 fords. The pontoon train might have been laid over the 
 main stream under cover of a battery, near the enemy's 
 infantry ; but beyond the river the sands seemed wet and 
 insecure, and a branch of the river beyond them was said 
 to be deep with a muddy bottom. Under all these dis- 
 advantages, I came to the decision that it was more 
 advisable to try the passage of the river near Wuzeerabad, 
 where Captain Nicholson, assistant to the Resident at 
 Lahore, informed me that at the ferry were seventeen 
 boats, and a ford not more than 3 feet 10 inches deep, 
 with a good bottom, than to run the risk of a severe loss 
 by passing the river near the enemy. This survey of the 
 ford occupied three hours, and at 2 o'clock I put th(? column . t f f^ ^ 
 in movement to the ford and ferry at Wuzeerabad, which> , ^ 
 was in possession of Lieutenant Nicholson's pattans, where 
 the leading infantry arrived about 5 o'clock in the 
 afternoon, having made a march of about twenty-five 
 miles. The 6th brigade of infantry and some of the guns 
 were passed over the Chenab immediately, and I am in- 
 debted to Brigadier-Greneral Campbell, Lieutenant-Colonel '
 
 176 APPENDIX K. 
 
 Grant, horse artillery, and Captain Smith of the Engi- 
 neers, for their great exertions in forwarding this object. 
 
 (! , Brigadier Eckford I hoped would have crossed the river 
 
 / 1 1 ^y ^^^*^ three fords that evening ; but as it became too 
 
 , I 1 dark and hazy for such an operation, he halted for the 
 
 R^ ' * night on the dry sands near the last branch of the river. 
 
 '' Major Tait, 3rd Irregular Caval ry, was enabled to pass 
 
 over three of his risallahs ; in doing which, I am sorry to 
 say, three sowars and one horse were drowned. On the 
 morrow the infantry, cavalry, and all the troops were soon 
 over the river by ferry and ford, and all the baggage and 
 commissariat animals passed the same by 12 o'clock, 
 without any further loss. 
 
 At 2 P.M., after the troops had dined, I marched in 
 order of battle, three brigade ' columns of companies, at 
 half distance left in front, at deploying interval. The 1st 
 brigade of cavalry, in the same order on the right, with 
 r I strong flanking parties and rear guard, and the 3rd 
 I Irregular Cavalry on the left, with orders to patrole to 
 I the river and clear the right bank, aided^byj.nfantry, if 
 \ necessary : in this order I arrived at Doorawal at dusk, 
 about twelve miles from the ferry, and halted for the 
 night. On Sunday, December 3, at daylight, the troops 
 proceeded in the same order towards the Sikh position, 
 and I intended to have reconnoitred and commenced an 
 attack upon it by 11 o'clock : hearing, however, when 
 within about four miles of it or less, that reinforcements 
 /were expected to pass over the Qhfinab at the ford near 
 'Ghurree-ke-Puttun, it became necessary to secure that 
 post, and which had been found -without an enemy an 
 hour before, but to which it now seemed that a body of 
 about 600 of the enemy were seen approaching, and I 
 
 \ V V'^ detached a wing of the 56th Native Infantry, and two 
 risallahs of the 3rd Irregular Cavalry under Major Tait, 
 who secured the post and frustrated the attempt of the
 
 APPENDIX F. 177 
 
 enemy. This caused so mucli delay, that enough of 
 daylight would not be left for the advance and attack - 
 on the left and rear of the enemy's position. About 2 
 P.M. some of the enemy's guns opened on a patrol of the 
 5th Light Cavalry, and he was seen advancing in large 
 bodies of cavalry and infantry, and the picquets which 
 occupied three villages with large plantations of sugar- 
 cane being too much in advance to be supported, fell back 
 without any loss, and the enemy occupied these villages 
 with cavalry on the right, guns and bodies of infantry, 
 and the main body of their cavalry with horse artillery 
 were on their left. When the enemy's guns opened, I 
 ordered Brigadier-G-eneral Campbell to deploy the in- 
 fantry into line in front of the village of Sudoolapoor, 
 Brigadier Eckford and part of Brigadier Hoggan's bri- 
 gade being extended in order not to be outflanked. It 
 was not until the enemy came well within range of our 
 guns that I caused them to open their fire, which they 
 then did with great effect. The enemy tried to turn both 
 our flanks, which having foreseen, I had caused Captain 
 Warner to move his troop of artillery to the left of the 
 infantry, and had sent the 5th Light Cavalry to the left 
 to'^'sujjport these guns, and to act in conjunction with the 
 two risallahs of the 3rd Irregular Cavalry under Captain 
 Biddulp h, who were posted on open ground, and theser" , J, 
 soon drove^ the enemy back, The attempt to turn our 
 right was met''"toy" extending the 8th Light Cavalry and 
 Her Majesty's 3rd Light Dragoons, supported by Major 
 Christie's troop of artillery. As the cavalry of the right 
 advanced, the enemv's ,?.uwars g;ivi' way, and they fell back ^ 
 on their infantry, having lost soiac men by the skirmishers^' A^ 
 
 of the 3rd Light Dragoons. After a cannonade of about J i_ 
 
 two hours the fire of the enemy slackened, and I sent ' 
 
 Lieutenant Paton to desire the cavalry on the right to charge 
 
 and take the enemy's guns, if possible ; intending to J • V*""^ 
 
 12
 
 178 APPENDIX F. 
 
 support them by moving the brigades in echelon from the- 
 right at intervals according to circumstances ; but as no 
 opportunity offered for the cavalry to charge, and so little 
 ,». of the daylight remained, I deemed it safer to remaiin 
 ^^l/ \in. my position than attempt to drive back an enemy so 
 f„ V*,} i strongly posted on their right and centre, with the 
 1 "J* ^.prospect of having to attack their entrenched position 
 ^>/<f ' :^fterwards. From this position the Sikhs began to retire 
 ^ <r ^t about 12 o'clock at night, as was afterwards ascer- 
 » 'Xi/jA-V'tained, and as was conjectured by the barking of the dogs 
 in their rear. I have every reason to believe that Shere 
 Singh attacked with 20 guns, and nearly the whole of the 
 Sikh army were employed against my position, which was 
 by no means what I could have wished it ; but the fire of 
 our artillery was so effective, that he did not dare to 
 . bring his masses to the front, and my brave, steady, 
 
 £L ' and ardent infantry, whom I had caused to lay down, to^ 
 
 Jb^^ I avoid the heavy fire, had no chance of firing a shot, except 
 . t-v j 1 a few companies on the left of the line. The enemy's loss 
 •has been severe; ours comparatively small. I regret 
 not being able to capture the enemy's guns ; but with 
 the small force of cavalry, two regiments on the right 
 only, it would have been a matter of difficulty for tired 
 cavalry to overtake horse artillery, fresh and well 
 mounted. In these operations the conduct of all has 
 , merited my warmest praise, and the patient endurance of 
 
 ^^. . the artillery, cavalry, European infantry and sepoys, 
 
 l'Jui)jy under privations of no ordinary nature, has been most 
 </*^ \ ': praiseworthy. 
 
 Jkj-^ To Brigadier- General Campbell I am much indebted for 
 
 his able assistance during these movements, and to Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel Grant, commanding the artillery. Major 
 Christie, Captains Huish, Warner, Austin and Kinleside, 
 and the officers and men under their command, I cannot 
 bestow too much praise for their skill and gallantry in
 
 APPENDIX F. 179 
 
 overcoming the fire of a numerous artillery, some of which 
 were of heavy caUbre. I am also greatly indebted to Captain 
 Smith of the engineers, for his exertions in passing over 
 guns at the Wuzeerabad ferry, and for his assistance in con- 
 veying my orders on various occasions. And my thanks 
 are due to Lieutenants Yule and Crommehn of the same 
 corps, and Lieutenant Bacon of the sappers ; to Lieu- 
 tenant Paton, deputy assistant quartermaster- general, my 
 best thanks are due for his exertions and assistance in the 
 advance of the troojjs and during the action ; and to Cap-| >r . 
 tain Nicholson, assistant to the Resident at Lahore, I beg! r ' '. 
 to offer my best thanks for his endeavours to procures f 
 intelligence of the enemy's movements, for his endeavours" *' 
 to procure supplies for the troops, and his able assistance 
 on all occasions. Captain Pratt, my deputy assistant 
 adjutant-general. Lieutenant Tucker, deputy assistant 
 quartermaster- general, and Lieutenant Thackwell, aide- 
 de-camp, have been most zealous in performing their 
 respective duties, and have rendered me every assistance ; 
 and I feel assured that if the cavalry and infantry had 
 been brought into close action, I should have had the 
 great satisfaction of thanking brigadiers commanding, 
 officers of corps, and the officers and men, for their gal- 
 lantry and noble bearing in action, as I now do for their 
 steadiness and good conduct. To Major Mainwaring, 
 Captains Gerrard, Simpson, Faddy, and James, I am much 
 indebted for their exertions in their respective departments. 
 I beg further to state that on the morning of the 4th I 
 put the troops in. motion to pursue the enemy, who bad^# /y^l* 
 retreated during the preceding night, and encamped ^ \ 
 about eleven miles from the Chenab, on the road to Jul- 
 lalpore, the 9th Lancers having been pushed to the front, 
 but without seeing anything of the enemy, who had 
 retreated by the Jhelum, Jullalpore, and Pind Dadim 
 Khan roads. On the following day I arrived at this 
 
 12 A
 
 180 APPENDIX F. 
 
 place, and sent two regiments of cavalry, on the road to 
 Dingee ; one of them, the 14th Light Dragoons and two 
 regiments of cavalry, and a troop of horse artillery on the 
 road to Jullalpore ; the latter party observed two bodies 
 of the enemy of about 800 and 400 men each, imagined 
 to be a strong rear-guard, about eight miles from this, 
 and behind a thick jungle which reaches to the river ; and 
 the former went to Dingee, which place the enemy had left, 
 and the villagers said had gone over the Jhelum. Both 
 parties returned to this camp without, I am sorry to say, 
 having overtaken any of the enemy's troops or guns. 
 I beg leave to inclose a return of the killed and wounded. 
 
 I have, &c, 
 (Signed) Jos. Thackwell, Major-General, 
 
 Commanding the advanced post of the Army. 
 
 List of Officers killed, wounded, and missing, of a detach- 
 ment of the army of the Punjaub, on the 3rd December 
 
 1848. 
 
 1st Troop, 2nd Brigade Horse Artillery — Lieutenant E. 
 
 J. Watson, wounded. 
 10th Light Field Battery, 1st Company, 1st Battalion — 
 
 Captain E. Gr. Austin, severely wounded. 
 22nd Regiment Native Infantry — Jemadar Sudar Khan, 
 
 severely wounded ; amputation of leg. 
 25th Regiment Native Infantry — Thvmnoo Ram Jemadar, 
 
 killed. 
 36th Regiment Native Infantry — Lieutenant Garstin, 
 
 severely wounded. 
 3rd Irregular Cavalry — Lieutenant A, Gibbons, wounded.
 
 APPENDIX F. 181 
 
 Return of killed, wounded, and missing, of a detachment 
 of the army of the Punjaub, in the action on the 3rd 
 December 1848. 
 
 Camp Heyleh, December 6, 1848. 
 
 1st Troop, 2nd Brigade Horse Ai-tillery — 1 sergeant, 1 rank 
 and file, 3 horses, killed ; 1 European officer, 1 sergeant, 
 1 rank and file, 2 horses, wounded. 
 
 3rd Troop, 2nd Brigade Horse Artillery — 2 horses wounded. 
 
 1st Troop, 3rd Brigade Horse Artillery — 4 rank and fiile, 8 
 horses, killed ; 7 rank and file, 4 horses, wounded. 
 
 Total — 1 Serjeant, 5 rank and file, 11 horses, killed ; 1 
 European officer, 1 sergeant, 8 rank and file, 8 horses, 
 wounded. 
 
 No. 5 Light Field Battery and 3rd Company 7th Bat- 
 talion — 1 horse killed ; 2 Syce drivers, 1 Syce, 2 horses, 
 wounded. 
 
 No. 10 Light Field Battery and 1st Company 1st Bat- 
 talion — 2 horses, killed ; 1 European officer, 2 rank and 
 file, wounded. 
 
 Total — 3 horses killed ; 1 European officer, 2 rank and 
 file, 2 Syce drivers, 1 Syce, 2 horses, wounded. 
 
 Cavalry — 1st Brigade. 
 
 H. M.'s 3rd Light Dragoons — 3 horses, killed ; 1 rank and 
 
 file, 1 horse, wounded. 
 5th Light Cavalry — 2 horses, killed ; 1 havildar, 1 horse, 
 
 wounded. 
 8th Light Cavalry — 1 rank and file, 3 horses, killed ; 1 
 
 horse, wounded. 
 Total — 1 rank and file, 8 horses, killed ; 1 havildar, 1 rank 
 
 and file, 3 horses, wounded. 
 3rd Irregular Cavalry — 1 havildar, 2 rank and file, 11 
 
 horses, killed; 1 European officer, 2 rank and file, 1 horse, 
 
 wounded ; 1 rank and file, 1 horse, missing. 
 12th Irregular Cavalry — 1 rank and file, killed.
 
 182 APPENDIX F. 
 
 Infantry — 3rd Brigade. 
 
 31st Regiment Native Infantry — 1 havildar, 6 rank and 
 
 file, wounded. 
 Total — 1 havildar, 3 rank and file, 11 horses, killed ; 1 
 
 European ofiicer, 1 havildar, 3 rank and file, 1 horse, 
 
 wounded. 
 
 6th Brigade. 
 
 Remarks — 1 Bheestie wounded and drowned crossing 
 
 the river on the night of the 1st December 1848; 3 sowars 
 
 and 1 horse, not included in this. 
 
 H. M.'s 24th Eegiment — 1 sergeant, 1 rank and file, killed; 
 1 sergeant, 3 rank and file, wounded. 
 
 22nd Eegiment Native Infantry — 1 havildar, killed; 1 
 native officer, 2 rank and file, wounded. 
 
 25'th Regiment Native Infantry — 1 native officer, 4 rank 
 and file, killed ; 1 havildar, 7 rank and file, wounded. 
 
 Total — 1 native officer, 1 sergeant, and 1 havildar, 5 rank 
 and file, killed ; 1 native officer, 1 sergeant, and 1 havil- 
 dar, 12 rank and file, wounded. 
 
 8th Brigade. 
 
 H. M.'s 61st Regiment — 2 rank and file, killed ; 1 sergeant, 
 
 8 rank and file, wounded. 
 
 36th Regiment Native Infantry — 1 native officer, 1 rank and 
 
 file, killed ; 1 European officer, 2 rank and file, wounded. 
 
 46th Regiment Native Infantry — 1 rank and file, wounded. 
 
 Total — 1 native officer, 3 rank and file, killed ; 1 European 
 
 officer, 1 sergeant, 11 rank and file, wounded. 
 
 Total — 21 men, 33 horses, killed ; 51 men, 14 horses, 
 wounded ; 1 man, 1 horse, missing. 
 
 Grand Total — 73 men, 48 horses.
 
 APPENDIX F. 183 
 
 The Secretary with the Governor-General to the Adjutant' 
 General of the Army. 
 
 Ferozepore, January 31, 1849. 
 I am. directed to acknowledge the receipt of his Excel- 
 lency the Commander-in-Chief's despatches, dated the 5th, 
 10th, and 16th ultimo, reporting the particulars of an 
 action with the enemy at Sadoolapore, and the passage of 
 the Cheiiab by Major-General Sir Joseph Thackwell, K.C.B. 
 The Governor- General regrets to find that he inadver- 
 tently omitted to issue instructions founded on a minute 
 which he had recorded on the subject of the despatches 
 under acknowledgment. His Lordship begs to congratulate 
 the Commander-in-Chief on the success of the measures 
 which he adopted for effecting the passage of the Chenab, 
 and to convty to him the assurance of his satisfaction with, 
 and his besi thanks for, the judicious arrangements by 
 which he was enabled, with comparatively little loss, to carry/ 
 into execution his plans for the passage of that difiicultf 
 river, and f oi compelling the retreat of the Sikh army from: 
 the formidable position which they occupied on its fur4 
 ther bank, after they had been engaged, and beaten bactj 
 by the forces under Major-General Sir Joseph Thackwell. 
 The result or" his Excellency's movements, in driving the 
 ' Sikh army fr)m their entrenchments, and forcing~tlieirL'tO i 
 '"retire on the other extremity of the Dooab, was of much 
 importance. 
 
 The Govenor- General offers his best thanks to Major- 
 General Sir J)seph Thackwell for his successful direction 
 of the force uider his command, and for the dispositions by 
 which he compelled the enemy to retire, and ultimately to 
 quit the grouid he had occupied. The Governor- General 
 tenders his b(st thanks to Brigadier-General Campbell for 
 the able assistance which he rendered to Major-General 
 Sir Joseph Tiackwell, and to Lieutenant- Colonel Grant
 
 184 APPENDIX F. 
 
 A (f^ I for the powerful and effective use which he made of the 
 
 1 artillery under his command. 
 
 "^ The Governor-General has had much gratification in 
 obsei*ving the terms in which the Commander-in-Chief has 
 spoken of the army under his command in the field j and 
 he concurs with his Excellency in bestowing upon them 
 the praise which is their due. 
 
 General Orders by the Right Honottrabls the 
 Governor-General of Indla.. 
 
 Camp Ferozepore, February 24, 1849., , 
 The following notifications from the Foreign Depart- 
 ment, are republished for the information of the army : 
 
 Notification. 
 
 Foreign Department, Camp Ferozepore, 
 February 23, 184a 
 
 The Governor- General has the gratification of inti- 
 mating to the President in Council, and lotifying for 
 public information, that he has this day received a de- 
 ■patch from Major Mackeson, C.B., agent to the Governor- 
 General with the Commander-in-Chief, conveying the 
 intelligence that the forces under his Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief, on the 21st instant, ittacked and 
 routed the Sikh army in the neighbourhood ♦f Goojerat. 
 
 The enemy was beaten at every point an^ retreated in 
 disorder, leaving in the hands of the Britfeh troops, by 
 whom he was pursued, a great portion of hit artillery, his 
 ammvmition, and the whole of his standing cimp. 
 
 The official despatches of his Excellency th( Commander- 
 in-Chief will be published as soon as they ar5 received. 
 
 The Governor- General directs that a sahte of 21 guns 
 shall be fired, at every principal station of the army, on 
 the receipt of this notification.
 
 APPENDIX F. 185 
 
 By order of the Right Honourable the Governor- 
 General of India. 
 
 (Signed) H. M. Elliot, 
 
 Secretary to the Goveniment of India, 
 with the Governor-General. 
 
 Notification. 
 Foreign Department, Camp Ferozepore, 
 February 24, 1849. 
 The Eight Honourable the Governor- General directs the 
 publication of the following letter from his Excellency J 
 
 the Commander-in-Chief, reporting the complete defean^ '^'^C^ 
 of the Sikh army on the 21st instant. The detailedj I 
 
 despatches will be published hereafter. 
 
 From Ms Excellency the Commander-in-Chief in India to 
 the Right Honourable the Governor- Geiieral. 
 Camp, in front of Goojerat,February 21, 1849. 
 
 My Lord, — I have the honour to report to your Lord- 
 ship that I have this day obtained a victory of no coiOBaon— 'j / 
 order, either in its character, or, I trust, in its effects. I ^ 
 
 I was joined yesterday by Brigadier Markham's brigade, 
 Brigadier- General Dundas having joined late the preced- 
 ing night. I moved on in the afternoon of yesterday, 
 as soon as these troops were refreshed, from Triloir to 
 the village of Shadiwal, and at seven this morning I 
 moved to the attack, which commenced at half-past (nght 
 o'clock, and by one o'clock I was in possession of thef 
 whole of the Sikh j)osition, with all his camp equipage,! ^- q^ 
 baggage, magazines, and I hope a large proportion of his i ' ' f^^2» 
 guns ; the exact number I cannot at present state, from • 
 the gi*eat extent of his position and length of pursuit, ! 
 as I followed up the enemy from four ito five miles on the I 
 Bimbur road, and pushed on Sir Joseph Thackwell with
 
 ^'^' 
 
 186 APPENDIX F. 
 
 . -t -■' 
 ,» '2f'''**^i'fclie cavalry. The rout has been most complete; the whole 
 
 ■road for twelve miles is strewed with guns, ammunition 
 waggons, arms, and baggage. 
 
 My loss was camparatively small (I hope within 300 
 killed and wounded) when it is considered I had to attack 
 60,000 Sikhs, in a very strong position, armed with up- 
 wards of 60 guns. The loss of the enemy must have 
 been very severe. 
 
 The conduct of the whole army, in every arm, was 
 conspicuous for steadiness in movement, and gallantry in 
 action. The details I shall furnish hereafter. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) Gough, General, 
 
 Commander-in-Chief in India. 
 
 By order of the Eight Honourable the Governor- General 
 of India. 
 
 (Signed) H. M. Elliot, 
 
 Secretary to the Government of India, 
 
 with the Governor-General. 
 J. Stuart, Colonel, 
 Secretary to the Government of India, Militaiy Depart- 
 ment, with the Governor-General. 
 
 Notification'. 
 
 Fort William, Foreign Department, 
 March 9, 1849. 
 The President in Council is pleased to dil-ect the publi- 
 cation of the following notification issued by the Eight 
 Honourable the Governor-General at his Lordship's head- 
 quarters, with a despatch from his Excellency the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, reporting the details of the complete 
 victory which was gained over the Sikh force at Goojerat, 
 on the 21st ultimo by the army under his Excellency's 
 command.
 
 APPENDIX F. 187 
 
 By order of the President of the Council of India in 
 council. 
 
 Fred. Jas. Halliday^ 
 Officiating Secretary to the Government of India. 
 
 General Order by the Right Honourable the 
 Governor-General of India. 
 
 Foreign Department, Camp Ferozepore, 
 March 1, 1849. 
 
 The Governor- General, having received from his Excel- 
 lency the Commander-in-Chief a despatch, reporting the 
 details of the brilliant victory which was gained by the 
 British army at Goojerat, on the 21st ultimo, directs that '1. | 
 it be published for the infoi'mation of the army and of the 
 people of India. 
 
 The Sikh army, under the command of Sirdar Chutter / ^^ M 
 Sing and of Rajah Shere Sing, combined with the Affghan i 
 troops in the service of the Ameer of Cabool, were posted 
 in great strength near to the town of Goojerat. 
 
 Their numbers were estimated at 60,000 men, and 59 
 guns were brought by them into action. 
 
 On the morning of the 21st they were attacked by the 
 forces under the personal command of his Excellency the 
 
 Commander-in-Chief. A powerful and sustained can- . t ^ 
 time, to retire from the positions they had well and re-« Cv\ 
 
 nonade by the British artillery compelled them, after some / > 
 
 I ~? ^ solutely maintained. 
 JEA* ; ' • The subsequent advance of the British army drove them . 
 back at once from every point, and retreat having beenj 
 fjC jspeedily converted into rout, they fled in the utmost dis-' 
 I ^\ Sorder, and abandoning their guns, and throwing away 
 ^■^ I jtheir arms, were pursued by the artilleiy and cavalry till 
 I the evening, for many miles beyond the town. ,
 
 188 APPENDIX F. 
 
 Fifty-three pieces of the enemy's artillery, his camp, his 
 baggage, his magazines, and vast stores of ammunition 
 left in the hands of the British troops, bear testimony to 
 the completeness and to the importance of the victory 
 that has been won. 
 
 The Governor-General, in the name and on behalf of the 
 Government of India, most cordially congratulates his Ex- 
 cellency the Commander-in-Chief and the whole army on 
 the glorious success which, under the blessing of Divine 
 Providence, their skill and gallantry have achieved : and"" 
 he offers to his Excellency, to the generals, the officers, 
 non-commissioned officers and soldiers of the force, his 
 grateful acknowledgments of the services they have thus 
 rendered to the Government and to their country. 
 
 The Governor-General begs especially to thank Major- 
 General Sir Joseph Thackwell, K.C.B. and K.H. ; Major- 
 General Sir W. Gilbert, K.C.B. ; Major-General Whish, 
 C.B. ; Brigadier- General Campbell, C.B., and Brigadier- 
 General the Honourable H. Dundas, C.B., for the ability 
 and judgment with which they directed the operations_o|, 
 the divisions respectively under their command. 
 
 To the chief engineer, Brigadier Cheape, C.B. ; to the 
 officers commanding brigades. Brigadier Brooke, C.B. ; 
 Brigadier Huthwaite, C.B. ; Brigadier Leeson ; to Briga- 
 dier White, C.B., Brigadier Hearsey and Brigadier Lock- 
 wood, C.B. ; to Brigadier Hervey and Brigadier Markham; 
 to Brigadier Mountain, C.B. ; Brigadier Penny, C.B. ; 
 Brigadier Capon and Brigadier Hoggan ; Brigadier 
 Carnegy and Brigadier McLeod, the best thanks of the 
 Governor-General are due. 
 
 The services of Brigadier- General Tennant and of the 
 artillery of the force have been recorded in the despatch of 
 the Commander-in-Chief in terms of which they may 
 justly be proud. 
 
 The Governor- General cordially joins with his Excellency
 
 APPENDIX P. 189 
 
 in acknowledging their merit, and in bestowing upon them 
 the praise they have earned so well. 
 
 To Major Lugard, to Lieutenant-Colonel Gough, C.B., 
 and to the officers of the general staff of Her Majesty's 
 army ; to Lieutenant-Colonel Grant, C.B. ; to Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Garden, C.B. ; and to the officers of the general 
 staff of the army ; to Captain Eamsay and the officers of 
 the commissariat department; to Mr. Franklin, inspector- 
 general of Her Majesty's hospitals ; to Dr. Ri'nny and the 
 officers of the medical department, and to the officers of 
 his Excellency's personal staff, the Governor- General offers 
 his best thanks, and assures them of his full appreciation 
 of their services. 
 
 And to all the troops of every arm, European and native, 
 the Governor-General desires to convey his entire appro- 
 bation of their steady and gallant conduct throughout the, , / *A 
 day ; particularly to a portion of the 9th Lancers and thel ajJ 
 Scinde Horse for their charge against the Aff ghan cavalry ; 
 to the 3rd brigade of infantry under Brigadier Penny, C.B., 
 for their attack on the village of Kalra ; and to a portion 
 of Brigadier Hervey's brigade for their charge led by 
 Lieutenant- Colonel Franks, C.B., all of which have been 
 specially reported by his Excellency the Commander-in- 
 Chief. 
 
 The Governor- General estimates highly the important tltjc 
 results which the battle gained on the 21st ultimo is 
 calculated to produce. He entertains a hope that the con- /V 
 viction, which the events of that day must force upon all,j 
 of the vast superiority which the British army derivedj' 
 from the possession of science and military resotu-ce, willy ' 
 induce the enemy shortly to abandon a contest which is aj ' ^*^ ' 
 hopeless one. 
 
 The war in which we are engaged must be prosecuted / <- ^ ^ 
 with vigour and determination, to the entire defeat andf , 
 
 ^1 
 
 I
 
 190 APPENDIX F. 
 
 dispersion of all who are in arms against us, whether 
 I Sikhs or Affghans. 
 
 1 The Governor-General has ever felt, and feels, unbounded 
 confidence in the army which serves in India. He relies 
 fully on the conviction that their services will be given 
 cheerfully and gallantly, as heretofore, whatever may be 
 the obstacles opposed to them ; and he does not doubt 
 that, with the blessing of Heaven, such full success will 
 continue to follow th'eir efforts, as shall speedily give to 
 the Government of India the victory over its enemies, and 
 restore the country to the enjoyment of peace. 
 
 The Govern or- General will not fail earnestly to com- 
 mend the past services of this army to the favourable 
 consideration of Her Majesty's Government and of the 
 Honourable East India Company. 
 
 A salute of 21 guns has been ordered at every principal 
 station of the army in India. 
 
 By order of the Right Honourable the Governor- General 
 of India. 
 
 (Signed) H. M. Elliot, 
 
 Secretary to the Government of India, 
 with the Governor- General. 
 
 From the Right Honourable the Commander-in-Chief in India, 
 to the night Honourable the Governor- General of India. 
 
 Head-quarters, Camp Goojerat, 
 February 26, 1849. 
 My Lord, — By my letter of the 21st instant, written on 
 the field of battle immediately after the action, your Lord- 
 ship will have been made acquainted with the glorious 
 result of my operations on that day against the Sikh army, 
 calculated from all credible reports at 60,000 men of all 
 arms and 59 pieces of artillery, under the command of
 
 ~(.rv 
 
 APPENDIX F. 191 
 
 Sirdar Chutter Sing and Rajah Shere Sing, with a body 
 of 1500 Affghan horse led "by Akram Khan, son of the \C ^ n^ 
 Ameer Dost Mahomed Khan ; a result, my Lord, glorious \ / 
 indeed for the ever victorious army of India ! The ranks 
 of the enemy broken, their position carried, their guns, 
 ammunition, camp equipage, and baggage captured, their 
 flying masses driven before the victorious pursuers from 
 mid-day to dusk, receiving a most severe punishment in 
 their flight; and, my Lord, with gratitude to a mercifid 
 Providence, I have the satisfaction of adding, that notwith- 
 standing the obstinate resistance of the enemy, this tri- 
 umphant success, this brilliant victory has been achieved 
 with comparatively little loss on our side. ^ 
 
 The number of guns taken in action and captured in }y% 
 the line of pursuit, I now find to be fifty-three (53). """^ 
 
 The official report made by the adjutant- general of the 
 army on the 20th instant, will have informed your Lord- 
 ship that I had directed Brigadier-General the Honourable 
 •^ H. Dundas to joi n -JB£_Jby_ forced .majche s». and that I had 
 ^ ' ] closed up to so short a distance of the Sikh army, that 
 they could not possibly attempt the passage of the 
 K, Chenab, in order to put into execution their avowed 
 U/ * determination of moving upon Lahore, make a retrograde • 
 
 tj movement by the Kooree Pass (the only practicable one |\ H'^-*-' 
 
 "^ y\ ^^^ S^^s), or indeed quitjheir position, without my being O^""*^ 
 
 able to attack them and defeat their movement. J 'A^ffiPi 
 
 On the 18th iiistant Brigadier Markham had proceeded 
 from Ramnugger up the left bank of the river to Kano- 
 kee, to which I had directed forty- seven,. boats to be sent ^ y 
 up. On the morning of the 20th this officer crossed the 
 Chenab, by my instructions, and joined me at eleven 
 o'clock A.M. At the same time Lieutenant-Colonel Byrne 
 was directed to move down the left bank, from the 
 position he h6ld in front of Wuzeerabad with two corps 
 of infantry and four guns, leaving two regiments of
 
 p/^ 
 
 92 APPENDIX P. 
 
 irregular cavalry to watch the fords, and to prevent any 
 , marauding parties or bodies of the routed enemy from 
 feffecting a passage. 
 
 On the same day a reconnoissance was made of the 
 
 '^'^^2^ enemy's position, and it was ascertained that their camp 
 
 ^■: nearly encircled the town of Goojerat, their regular troops 
 
 being placed immediately fronting us between the town and 
 
 a deep watercourse, the dry bed of the River Dwara. This 
 
 nullah, which is very tortuous, passing round nearly two 
 
 sides of the town of Groojerat — diverging to a considerable 
 
 distance on the north and west faces, and then taking a 
 
 southerly direction, running through the centre of the 
 
 ground, I occupied at Shadiwal. Thus the enemy's 
 
 C.fg-^ ■ position on the right was greatly strengthened, the nullah 
 
 ■ giving cover to his infantry in front of his guns, whilst 
 
 } another deep, though narrow wet nullah running from the 
 
 east of the town and falling into the Chenab, in the 
 
 direction of Wuzeerabad, covered his left. 
 
 The ground between these nullahs, for a space of nearly 
 three miles, being well calculated for the operations of all 
 arms, and presenting no obstacle to the movement of my 
 heavy guns, I determined to make my principal attack in 
 that direction and dispose my force accordingly. 
 
 On the extreme left I placed the Bombay column, com- 
 (j manded by the Honourable H. Dundas, supported by Bri- 
 
 gadier White's brigade of cavalry and the Scinde horse, 
 si-'Hr I under Sir Joseph Thackwell, to protect the left and to 
 •-4^ ^ \ prevent large bodies of Sikh and Affghan cavalry from 
 * » "^^ '\ turning that flank : with this cavalry I placed Captains 
 Duncan and Huish's troops of horse artillery, whilst 
 the infantry was covered by the Bombay troop of horse 
 artillery under Major Blood. 
 
 On the right of the Bombay column, and with its right 
 
 %' -. resting on the nullah, I placed Brigadier- General Camp- 
 
 ^ t^ / bell's division of infantry, covered by No. 5 and No. 10
 
 APPENDIX F. 193 
 
 light field batteries, under Major Ludlow and Lieutenant 
 Robertson, having Brigadier Hoggan's brigade of infantry 
 in reserve. 
 
 Upon the right of the nullah, I placed the infantry divi- 
 sion of Major-Greneral Sir Walter Gilbert, the heavy guns, 
 eighteen in number, under Majors Day and Horsford, 
 with Captain Shakespear and Brevet-Major Sir Richmond 
 Shakespear, commanding batteries, being disposed in two 
 divisions upon the flanks of his left brigade. 
 
 This line was prolonged by Major-General Whish's divi- 
 sion of infantry, with one brigade of infantry under 
 Brigadier Markham in support of second line, and the 
 whole covered by three troops of horse artillery ; Major 
 Fordyce's, Captain Mackenzie's, and Anderson's, No, 17 
 light field battery, under Captain Dawes, with Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Lane's and Captain Kinleside's troops of horse 
 artillery, in a second line m reserve under Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Brind. 
 
 My right flank was protected by Brigadiers Hearsay's 
 and Lockwood's brigades of cavalry, with Captain War- 
 ner's troop of horse artillery. 
 
 The 5th and 6th Light Cavalry, with the Bombay light 
 field battery, and the 45th and 69th Regiments, under the 
 command of Lieutenant-Colonel Mercer, most effectually 
 protected my rear and baggage. 
 
 With my right wing I proposed jienetrating the centre' <;[[' a 
 of the enemy's line, so as to turn the position of their * * 
 force in rear of the nullah, and thus enable my left wing 
 to cross it with little loss and in co-operation with the 
 right to double upon the centre the wing of the enemy's 
 force opposed to them. 
 
 At half-past seven o'clock the army advanced in the 
 order described with the precision of a parade movement. 
 The enemy^ opened their fixe at a very long distance, '$ jU/t < 
 which exposed to my artillery both the position and ra nge J
 
 194 APPENDIX r. 
 
 of their guns. I halted the infantry just out of fire, and 
 
 advanced the whole of my artillery, covered by skirmishers. 
 
 i The cannonade now opened upon the enemy was the 
 
 I most magnificent I ever witnessed, and as terrible in its 
 
 ,5 effect. 
 
 l The Sikh guns were served with their accustomed 
 ^ rapidity, and the enemy well and resolutely maintained 
 his position ; but the terrific force of our fire obliged 
 them, after an obstinate resistance, to fall back. I then 
 deployed the infantry, and directed a general advance, 
 covering the movement by my artillery as before. 
 
 The village of Burra-kabra, the left one of those of that 
 
 ^ name, in which the enemy had concealed a large body of 
 
 r \ P"^^ infantry, and which was apparently the key of^their posi- 
 
 * ' tion, lay immediately in the line of Mi^r- General Sir 
 
 f ift*^'' Walter Gilbert's advance, and was carried in the most 
 
 I brilliant style by a spirited attack of the 3rd. Brigade 
 
 under Brigadier Penny, consisting of the 2nd Europeans, 
 
 31st and 70th Regiments of Native Infantry, which drove 
 
 the enemy from their cover with great slaughter. 
 
 A very spirited and successful movement was also made 
 
 By about the same time against a heavy body of the enemy's 
 
 *1 * r^*'^ troops, in and about second or Chota-kabra, by part of 
 
 *»^ti Brigadier Hervey's Brigade, most gallantly led by Lieu- 
 
 ^'^''^'^q tenant-Colonel Franks j^f Her Majesty's 10th Foot. 
 
 The heavy artillery continued to advance with extra- 
 ordinary celerity, taking up successive forward positions, 
 driving the enemy from those they had retired to, whilst 
 the rapid advance and beautiful fire of the horse artillery 
 and light field batteries, which I strengthened by bringing 
 to the front the two reserved troops of horse artillery 
 under Lieutenant-Colonel Brind, Brigadier Brooke having 
 the general superintendence of the whole of the horse 
 artillery, broke the ranks of the enemy at all points. The 
 >» whole infantry line now rapidly advanced and drove the
 
 APPENDIX F. 195 
 
 enemy before it ; the nullah was cleared, several villages 
 stormed, the guns that were in position carried, the camp 
 captured, and the enemy routed in every direction ! The 
 right wing and Brigadier-General Campbell's division 
 passing in pursuit to the eastward — the Bombay column 
 to the westward of the town. 
 
 The retreat of the Sikh army thus hotly pressed, soon 
 became a perfect flight, all arms dispersing over the 
 country, rajjidly pursued by our troops for a distance of 
 twelve miles, their track strewed with their wounded, 
 their arms, and military equipments, which they threw 
 away to conceal that they were soldiers. 
 
 Throughout the operations thus detailed, the cavalry 
 brigades on the flanks were threatened, and occasionally . / r i 
 attacked, by vast masses of the enemy's cavalry, which ^•7'^'Ka 
 were, in every instance, put to flight by the steady move- - • 
 
 ments and spirited manoeuvres of our cavalry, most zealously 
 and judiciously supported by the trooj»s of horse artillery 
 attached to them, from whom the enemy received the 
 severest punishment, 
 f-^' On tlie„Jjeft, a most successful and gallant charge was 
 
 made uj^on the Affghan cavalry and a large body of G-oor- , j 
 
 churras, by the Scinde Horse and a party of the 9th . ''' ■'^''' 
 Lancers, when some standards were captured. ^ 
 
 The determined^jront shown by the 14th Light Dra- 
 goons and the other cavalry regiments on the right, both 
 regular and irregular, completely dvciuwed the enemy 
 and contributed much to the success of the day; th 
 conduct of all in following up the fugitive enemy was 
 beyond all praise. 
 
 A competent force, under the command of Major-General 
 Sir Walter Gilbert, resumed the pursuit towards the Jhe- 
 lum on the following morning, with a view of cutting off ^« '^^'^C^ 
 the enemy from the only practicable gun road to the Jhe- \i / 
 lum. Another division of infantry, under Brigadier- /*^'^X-</ 
 
 13 A r^ / 
 
 / 

 
 I 
 
 196 APPENDIX F. 
 
 General Campbell, advanced on the road to BimbeTj^^^^ 
 scouring the country in that direction to prevenrTneir 
 carrying off the guns hy that route, and a body of cavalry, 
 under Lieutenant-Colonel Bradf^X^ successfully pushed 
 ^ > on several miles into the hills and twenty-four from 
 I Goojerat, accompanied by that most energetic political 
 
 oflS.cer, Captain Mcholson, for the same purpose, whilst I 
 remained in possession of the field for the purpose of sup- 
 porting these operations, covering the fords of the Chenab, 
 , and destroying the vast magazine of ammunition left 
 
 \ " jl ^ scattered about in all directions. I am happy to add that 
 f^ \ these combjnations have been entirely successful, the 
 ^H \ detached parties coming at every step on the wreck 
 of the dispersed and flying_foe. 
 
 Hxving thus endeavoured to convey to your Lordship 
 
 the particulars of the oj)erations of the battle of "Goojerat," 
 
 I beg now to offer my heartfelt congratulations to your 
 
 JL Lordship, and to the Government of India, upon this 
 
 ^A^ttA*'' sig^^^ victory achieved under the blessing of Divine Pro- 
 
 « - vidence by the united efforts anl imli )niitalile galLiutrv of 
 
 L ^ ^ * the noble army under my command, a victory, my Lord, 
 
 » as glorious to the army that gained it, as it must be 
 
 satisfactory to yourself and the Government of India, 
 
 » from the very imj)ortant and decisive results to be ex- 
 
 ' pected from it. 
 
 ' It is quite impossible for me sufiiciently to express my 
 
 I admiration of the gallant and steady conduct of the 
 
 officers and men, as well Native as European, uj)on this 
 
 *- occasion. 
 
 The brilliant service they have performed in so signally 
 § -A defeating so vastly a suj)erior force, amongst whom werg^ 
 > \ "^ y^ the elite of the old Khalsa army, maMng a last, imited^ I 
 
 and desperate struggle, will speak for itself, and will, I ami ^ 
 confident, be justly estimated by your Lordship. '^ 
 
 I cannot too strongly express to your Lordship my deep
 
 APPENDIX F. 197 
 
 sense of obligation to the general officers and brigadier- ' • 
 generals in command of divisions, who so ably carried out 
 my views and directed operations of their troops on this 
 day. 
 
 I beg to annex for your Lordship's information the re- 
 ports I have received from them, and to bring most 
 prominently to your Lordship's notice the brigadiers 
 commanding brigades ; the commanding officers of regi- 
 ments and of troops of horse artillery and light field 
 batteries, and the several officers of the divisional and 
 brigade staff enumerated in these reports, in terms of such 
 just commendation. 
 
 I feel much indebted to Major- General Sir Joseph 
 Thackwell, for the able and judicious manner he manoeuvred 
 the cavalry with horse artillery attached, on the left, keep-f-^ 4 5 
 ) '|ing in_check_the immensely superior force of the enemy, li^ ^ 
 ^1 whose main object was to turn my flanks. I am also ,^^ 
 /greatly iinlclitcil to this tricil and gallant officer for his j 
 valuable assistance and untiring exertions throughout the 
 present and previous operations as second in command 
 with his force. 
 
 To Major- General Sir Walter Gilbert, whose services 
 upon this, as on all former occasions, were invaluable, and f .tj 
 ever marked by energy, zeal, and devotion; as well as to f . 5%-' 
 Major-General Whish, Brigadier-Generals Campbell and 
 Dundas, for their able assistance, I am deeply indebted. 
 
 To Brigadier-General Tennant, commanding that splen-.f,^T7^ 
 did arm the artillery, to whose irresistible power I am 
 mainly indebted for the glorious victory of Goojerat, I am 
 indeed most grateful. Conspicuous as the artillery has 
 •ever proved itself, never was its superiority over that of '' 5 ^ 
 the enemy, its irresistible and annihilating power, more 
 truthfully shown than in this battle. The heavy batteries 
 manoeuvred with the celerity of light guns ; and the rapid 
 advance, the scientific and judicious selection of points of 
 '"1 
 
 > '^ ^ui-/ //v^s,*^
 
 198 APPENDIX F. 
 
 attack, the effective and well-directed fire of the troops of 
 horse artillery and light field batteries, merit my wai'mesb 
 . praise ; and I beg most earnestly to recommend their 
 \ brave and gallant commanders, with the several oflB,cers 
 named in Brigadier-General Tennant's re2:)ort, to your 
 Lordshij)'s most favourable notice. 
 
 From Brigadier Cheape, the chief engineer, and the 
 talented ofiicers in that department as named in the 
 ^L^ Brigadier's report, I have received the most valuable I ' 
 ^t*^*^ \/ 1 assistance in reconnoitring the enemy's position and on ' 
 J^f-^^^ ,' the field of battle. The Sappers^and Pioneers, under that i 
 
 * most able ofB.cer, Captain Siddons, did excellent service, 7' 
 
 X "* , and were ever in front to overcome any obstacle to the 
 advance of the artillery. 
 
 To the ofiicers of the general staff of Her Majesty's 
 service. Major Lugard, acting adjutant- general and Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel Gough, quartermaster- general, of Her Ma- 
 jesty's troops in India, my best thanks are due ; their 
 exertions upon the present occasion and throughout the 
 recent operations were most valuable, and I beg to bring 
 them urfder your Lordship's most favourable notice. I 
 am equally indebted to Captain Otter, acting assistant 
 adjutant- genera of Her Majesty's forces for his valuable 
 services. 
 
 To the officers of the general staff of the army, Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel Grant, adjutant- general, and Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Garden, quartermaster- general, whose most onerous 
 and very important duties have invariably been conducted 
 to my entire satisfaction, I am under the greatest 
 obligation. Their valuable assistance in the field, and 
 their indefatigable exertions throughout operations of no 
 ordinary character, deserve my warmest thanks and your 
 Lordship's approbation. 
 
 To Lieutenant-Colonel Birch, judge-advocatj-general, I 
 am ra.uch indebted for his assistance upon every occasion.
 
 APPENDIX F. 199 
 
 To Major Tucker, deputy adjutant- general, a most 
 gallant, energetic, and valuable officer ; to Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Drumniond, deputy quartermaster- general, whose 
 services have been most praiseworthy ; to Major Chester, 
 assistant adjutant- general, and Lieutenant Tytler, assis- 
 tant quartermaster- general ; Lieutenant Johnston, deputy 
 judge-advocate- general; Major Gr. Thompson, and Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel Curtis, assistant commissary-general ; Cap- 
 tain C. Campbell, paymaster to the army, I offer my best 
 thanks for their services whilst attending me in the field, and 
 the efficient manner they have performed their several duties. 
 
 Mr. Franklin, inspector- general of Her Majesty's hos- 
 pitals, has been unceasing in his exertions in rendering 
 every aid to the sick and wounded of the Royal service, 
 and giving the benefit of his long professional experience 
 in such duties ; as has Doctor Eenny, superintending- 
 surgeon of this army, who has been indefatigable in his 
 professional exertions and well-organized medical ar- 
 rangements. 
 
 I feel I cannot too prominently bring to notice the 
 valuable exertions of Doctor MacRae, field-snrgeon, and 
 of the medical officers of the army generally ; they have 
 been most unwearied and praiseworthy. 
 
 {To Captain Ramsay, deputy commissary- general, and to 
 the officers of his department, I am much indebted, and 
 feel grateful for their unceasing and successful exertions 
 amidst all difficulties to supply the troops, and thus 
 preserve the efficiency of the army. 
 
 The officers of my personal staff have well merited my 
 best thanks and your Lordship's favourable notice. Captain 
 Haines, military secretary, who has rendered me most 
 valuable aid ; Brevet-Major Bates, A.D.C. ; Lieutenant 
 A. Bagot, A.D.C. ; Lieutenant S. J. Hire, A.D.C. ; Cap- 
 tain Gabbett, A.D.C. ; Lieutenant G. Hardinge, A.D.C. ; and 
 Lieutenant W. G. Prendergast, my Persian interpreter.
 
 200 APPENDIX F. 
 
 \j^ I 
 
 ffi 
 
 beg also to acknowledge the valuable assistance I have 
 received from the political officers, Major Mackeson, Mr. 
 Cocks, Captain Nicholson, and Lieutenant Robisoh, both 
 in the field and throughout the operations. T regret to 
 add that Mr. Cocks was seriously wounded during the 
 action in a rencontre with a Sikh horseman. 
 
 I would also bring to your Lordship's notice the name 
 of Lieutenant Stannus, of the 5th Light Cavalry ; this 
 officer has commanded the cavalry party attached to my 
 escort throughout the operations to my entire satisfaction. 
 He was severely wounded on the 21st, when gallantly 
 charging a party of the enemy's horsemen. 
 
 Major Anstruther, of the Madras Artillery, Lieutenant 
 Mayne, of the Madras Cavalry, and Captain Showers, of 
 the 14th Native Infantry, attended me in the field. 
 
 I have most unwillingly been delayed from sooner for- 
 warding this despatch, from the circumstance of having 
 only this day received Brigadier-General the Honourable 
 H. Dundas' report, and some of the casualty returns have 
 not even yet reached me. As soon as the whole come in, 
 a full amended general return shall be transmitted without 
 loss of time for your Lordship's information. 
 
 I have the pleasure to inclose a plan of the battle of 
 Goojerat. Also a return of the captured ordnance. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) Gough, General, 
 
 Commander-in-Chief in India. 
 
 P.S. — The casualty lists having arrived, I have the 
 honour to inclose the return of killed and wounded, which 
 I am sorry to see is so much heavier than I at first antici- 
 pated. Several of these were occasioned by accidental 
 explosions of the enemy's tumbrils and magazines after 
 the action. 
 
 G.
 
 APPENDIX F. 201 
 
 To Lieutefiant-Colonel P. Grant, C.B., Adjutant- General 
 of the Army. 
 
 Sir, — I have the honour to report, for the information 
 of his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, that the 
 Bengal Artillery of the army of the Punjaub were 
 allotted, as follows, during the action of yesterday : — 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel C. Grant. 
 1st troop, 3rd brigade, Captain W. R. Warner. Attached 
 to Brigadier Lockwood's cavalry biigade, on the right. 
 
 Major Garbett. 
 
 4th troop, 1st brigade, Captain M. Mackenzie. 4th 
 troop, 3rd brigade, Captain J. Anderson. With the 1st 
 division of Infantry, commanded by Major-General W. S. 
 Whish, C.B. 
 
 2nd troop, 2nd brigade. Major D. Fordyce. No. 17 
 light field battery. Captain M. Dawes. With the 2nd 
 Infantry division, commanded by Major-General Sir W. 
 R. Gilbert, K.C.B. 
 
 Major Mowatt. 
 
 No. 5 light field battery. Major E. Ludlow. No. 10 
 light field battery, Lieutenant Robertson. With the 3rd di- 
 vision of Infantry, under Brigadier-General Campbell, C.B. 
 
 4th troop, 2nd brigade, Captain F. Duncan. 1st troop, 
 2nd brigade. Captain A. Huish. With Brigadier M. 
 White's cavalry brigade on the left. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Brind. 
 2nd troop, 3rd brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel Lane, C.B. 
 3rd troop, 2nd brigade, Captain R. Kinleside, composing 
 the reserve under Brigadier G. Brooke, C.B. 
 
 Brigadier E. Huthwaite, C.B. 
 Major Horsford. 
 Four 18-pounders, two 8-inch howitzers, drawn by 
 elephants. Major Sir R. Shakespear.
 
 202 APPENDIX F. 
 
 Two 18-pounders, two 8-inch howitzers, drawn by 
 elephants, Captain J. Shakespear. 
 
 Major E. Day. 
 Two 18-pounders, two 8-inch howitzers. Captain E. 
 Masters. 
 
 Two 18-pouuders, two 8-inch howitzers. Captain E. 
 Austin, who, being unable from his wound to accompany 
 his own battery, No. 10 did duty with the heavy guns. 
 
 These batteries engaged in action by those attached to 
 
 the 1st and 2nd divisions, advancing within about 600 . 
 
 yards, and the heavy guns within 800 or 1000 yards of_ 
 
 the enemy's artillery, on which they opened their fire 
 
 about 9 o'clock a.m. ; shortly after the action commenced, 
 
 an opportunity was observed of enfilading one of the 
 
 enemy's batteries, when the reserve artillery under Lieu- 
 
 . tenant-Colonel F. Brind was a3.vanced, and placed by 
 
 ^Jy Brigadier G. Brooke, C.B., so as to do so. The batteries 
 
 of the 3rd division engaged as they came up, and those 
 
 with the cavalry brigades supported their movements as 
 
 opportunity offered. Nearly the whole engagement being 
 
 .1 /•, a cannonade, no movement of importance took place 
 
 mmi^ among the batteries, which maintained their fire until half- 
 
 \ i/i-^past 11 A.M., when many of the enemy's guns were 
 
 * Y observed to be dismounted and their line broke, and an 
 
 Jlr advance w^s ordered in pursuit. 
 
 I have the honour to state for the Commander-in-Chief's 
 information, my perfect satisfaction with the professional 
 exertions of the officers and my high approbation of the 
 steady conduct of both officers and men during the day. 
 
 To Brigadiers Brooke, C.B., and Huthwaite, C.B., in 
 general direction of the horse and foot artillery respec- 
 tively under my orders, Lieutenant- Colonel C. Grant and 
 E. Brind, Majors E. Horsford, E. F. Day, and J. L. Mo- 
 watt, all of whom held commands, as well as to all the 
 officers commanding troops and batteries above enumerated,
 
 APPENDIX F. 203 
 
 I have to acknowledge my best thanks for their exertions 
 by which these results were obtained. To the divisional 
 staff, Captain J. Abercrombie, deputy assistant adjutant- 
 general, and Lieutenant H. Tombs, deputy assistant quar- 
 termaster-general, and to Lieutenant H. A. Olpherts, my 
 aide-de-camp, I am much indebted for their exertions, and 
 also to Captain C. Hogge, the commissary, and Lieutenant 
 P. Christie, deputy commissary of ordnance, for their 
 excellent arrangement of their department as well as for 
 their assistance in the field. 
 
 Brigadiers Brooke and Huthwaite mention their majors 
 of brigade. Lieutenant C. V. Cox and Lieutenant E. Kaye 
 respectively, as having afforded them able assistance. I 
 have great pleasui'e finally particularly to bring to his Ex- 
 cellency's notice, the zeal and attention of Mr. Deputy 
 Commissary Spencer during the day, and beg to re- 
 oommend that old and deserving officer to his kind 
 consideration. 
 
 (Signed) J. Tennant, Brigadier-General, 
 
 Commanding Artillery Division, 
 
 Army of the Punjaub. 
 Camp Goojerat, the 22nd February 1849. 
 
 To Lieutenant- Colonel P. Grant, C.B., Adjutant- General 
 of the Army. 
 Head Quarters, Camp Goojerat, 
 Februray 26, 1849. 
 Sir, — In reference to general orders of the 21st instant, 
 I beg to submit for the information of the Right Honour- 
 able the Commander-in-Chief, a report on the conduct of 
 the engineer department, during the late operations and 
 the engagement of the 21st. 
 
 Major N'apier, attended by Lieutenant Greathead, and 
 Major Tremenheere, attended by Lieutenant Glover, were
 
 204 
 
 APPENDIX F. 
 
 
 employed on the 21st, the former with the right, the latter 
 with the left column of attack, and were very useful from 
 their previous examination of the ground, and in parti- 
 cular of the position of the nullah on our right flank. 
 
 Captain Western, Lieutenants Groodwyn, Crommeline, 
 and Taylor accompanied me, and to all those officers, my 
 acknowledgments are due for conveying communications, 
 and obtaining information on every point required during 
 the day. 
 
 I have also the gratification to report to his Excellency, 
 ; the zealous and able manner in which Captain Cunning- 
 s' ham and Lieutenant C. Paton performed the duty assigned 
 to them, of bringing up the fleet of boats ordered by his 
 Excellency from Ramnugger, and placing them so as to en- 
 able the portion of the army on the other side of the 
 Chenab to co-operate and to come up ; the former officer 
 arrived before the close of the action, and joined 
 Brigadier-G-eneral Campbell's division. 
 
 The other officers of engineers were detached with the 
 different divisions of the army, and no mention of these 
 officers is needed from me, as whatever service they may 
 have had an opportunity of rendering will be more 
 appropriately reported to his Excellency, or acknowledged 
 by the general officers commanding each division. 
 
 Captain Siddons, commanding the Sappers and Pioneers, 
 was attached to the heavy guns, with a portion of his 
 corps, the remainder being detached by companies to the 
 different divisions. Such duty as was required from them, 
 I need hardly say was effectively performed ; and I trust 
 it may not be considered by his Lordship out of place, my 
 mentioning here the gallant behaviour and unwearied 
 exertion displayed by these men throughout the present 
 service. I allude, in particular, to the siege operations at 
 Mooltan, and the conduct of that portion of the corps 
 who were employed there.
 
 APPENDIX F. 205 
 
 Prior to the engagement on the 21st instant, the officers ^ 
 of engineers were employed in collecting information andAf \/iT 
 in surveying and reconnoitering ; and it is due to Captain ~ 
 Longden, of H. M.'s 10th regiment, who is attached to 
 the engineer department, as surveyor and field engiaeer''^^ ^ 
 to state the very able assistance he has rendered in all / 
 these duties during the whole operations, since I have 
 joined the army. 
 
 I beg to add, that I am much indebted to Lieutenant J. 
 H. Maxwell, for the very zealous performance of his 
 duties on all occasions, as major of brigade of engineers ; 
 and to Lieutenant J. E. Cracroft, brigade quartermaster, 
 my acknowledgments are also due. And I hope I may be 
 permitted to recommend to his Excellency's favour Lieu- 
 tenant Hutchinson, of engineers, a very promising young 
 officer, who has been lately acting as my aide-de-camp, 
 and who was very severely wounded on the 21st instant. 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) J. Cheape, Brigadier, 
 
 Chief Engineer, Army of Punjaub. 
 
 From Major- General Sir J. Thackwell, K.C.B. and K.H., 
 commanding Cavalry Division, to Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Grant, C.B., Adjutant- General of the Army. 
 
 Head-Quarters, dated Camp Goojerat, 
 Feb. 25, 1849. 
 Sir, — I have the honour to report, for the information 
 of his Excellency the Right Honourable the Commander- 
 in-Chief, the operations of the division of cavalry under 
 my command, in the battle fought on the 21st instant, 
 near the town of Groojerat. 
 
 The left column of cavalry, under the command of 
 Brigadier White, C.B., consisting of the troops named in
 
 206 APPENDIX r. 
 
 the margin,* was assembled in column of troops at half dis- 
 tance, right in front at deploying interval, on the left of 
 the Bombay column of infantry, at 7 o'clock in the morning. 
 
 The right column, composed of troops named in the 
 mar gin, t under the command of Brigadiers Hearsay, and 
 Lockwood, C.B., were formed in column left in front at 
 the same hour. 
 
 The 3rd division of infantry and the Bombay brigade, 
 all on the left of the nullah, leading towards Goojerat, 
 being under my immediate superintendence, I remained 
 on the left flank of the army ; and I make no doubt 
 Brigadier-G-enerals Dundas and Campbell have made you 
 fully acquainted with the operations of the troop under 
 their command. 
 
 On approaching the village of Nurra walla, just without 
 the range of the enemy's batteries, the infantry deployed 
 into line, and Brigadier White formed his cavalry in front 
 of that village with its left back, and parallel to a gentle 
 rising of the ground, on which was posted the enemy's 
 right, consisting of a large body of Afghans and Goor- 
 
 * Left Column. 1st Brigade of Cavalry. 
 
 Brigadier White, C.B., commanding. H.M.'s 3rd Dragoons, Major 
 Yerbury; H.M.'s 9tli Lancers, Lieutenant-Colonel Fullerton ; 8tli 
 Light Cavalry, Major Mackenzie; Scinde Horse, Captain Malcolm; 
 Captain Duncan's Troop Horse Artilleiy ; Captain Huish's Troop 
 Horse Artillery. 
 
 t Eight Column. 2nd Brigade of Cavalry. 
 
 Brigadier Lockwood, C.B., commanding. H.M.'s 14th Light Dra- 
 goons, Lieutenant-Colonel King; 1st Light Cavalry, Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Bradford ; 2 Risallahs 11th Irregular Cavalry, Captain Mas- 
 ters ; 2 Risallahs 14th Irregular Cavalry, Lieutenant Robarts ; Cap- 
 tain Warner's Troop Horse Artillery. 
 
 4th Brigade Cavalry. 
 
 Brigadier Hearsey, commanding. 3rd Irregular Cavalry, Major 
 Tait, C.B. ; 9th Irregular Cavalry, Major Christie. The 5th and 6th 
 Light Cavalry were left in the rear to protect the baggage.
 
 APPENDIX F. 207 
 
 churra horse. From this position a fire of round shot was 
 opened, and the enemy's cavalry extended to the right, so 
 as to threaten to turn our left flank. To oppose the 
 enemy's guns, I ordered Captain Duncan to move his 
 troop of horse artillery to the front, which he did in good 
 style, and opened his fire within 500 or 600 yards. This 
 movement was followed by the advance of Captain Huish's 
 troop; and both did considerable execution upon the 
 enemy, but did not prevent the attempt of the Affghans 
 to outflank our left. The Seinde Horse were on the left; 
 of my line; and^ I ordered them to advance with a 
 squadron of the 9th Lancers, under Captain Campbell, a 
 part of the former to be in reserve, and supjiorted by 
 a squadron of the 9th Lancers, under Major Grant, C.B.,in 
 echelon on the right. These troops made a most brilliant 
 charge upon the enemy, at the same time I advanced the 
 guns and cavalry towards the enemy's line. The fire of the 
 guns soon put the Goorchurras inrgtreat, and the glorious 
 charge of the troops on the left caused their whole force to 
 seek safety in retreat by the Burradurree. A gun was cap- 
 tured during these proceedings ; but as we were then con- 
 siderably in advance of the left of the infantry — although 
 Captain Duncan was enabled to enfilade a battery opposed 
 to them — and ignorant of the force the enemy might have 
 between the Burradurree, and the town, a space covered 
 with trees, it became necessary to proceed with caution ; 
 yet I soon was enabled to open a fire upon the enemy, 
 both on the right and left of the former place, which 
 caused them considerable loss, and hastened their retreat. 
 
 I may here observe, that all the enemy's tents were left 
 standing near the Burradurree, and on the Sikh right of 
 the town, with probably much baggage in them, all of 
 which were probably plundered by the camp-followers. 
 
 The enemy being now in full retreat, I moved Brigadier 
 White's brigade well to the left front, and soon forced the
 
 208 APPENDIX F. 
 
 , enemy from the Jhelum road, and eventually from that of 
 
 fl/4-^ Beembur, also cutting off large 1 :>odies of the enemy, much 
 
 ' baggage and many guns, which were secured by this 
 
 brigade, as well as the troops of the 2nd and 4th brigades, 
 
 jwhich had been ordered to join in the pursuit. At twenty 
 
 1 1^'^'^^ minutes past 4 p.m., none of the enemy being in sight, 
 
 I ju and being, as was said by the villagers, nine or ten miles 
 
 12,^-^ from Goojerat, I discontinued the pursuit and returned 
 
 to camp at this place. In this pursuit Captains Duncan 
 
 and Huish's troops of artillery, latterly joined by Major 
 
 Leeson and Major Blood's troop of the same arm, brought 
 
 their guns to bear upon the enemy with good effect on 
 
 several occasions, and their advance was as rapid as the 
 
 intersected nature of the ground (by nullahs) would 
 
 admit, and the 9th Lancers and 8th Light Cavalry made 
 
 gallant attempts to close with the enemy's cavalry, which, 
 
 however, were frustrated by the rapid retreat of the latter, 
 
 ■ l*- y^t a great number of the enemy were s]ain by this brigade 
 
 . _ ,. ■ in the pursuit, I witnessed the activity of Captain Uuett, 
 
 j*^ and part of his squadron of the 3rd Light Dragoons, and 
 
 Brigadier White mentions that the whole of that regiment 
 
 was actively engaged in this work of retribution. 
 
 Being an eye-witness to all the movements of the 1st 
 Brigade, I have great satisfaction in stating that Brigadier 
 White conducted them very much to my satisfaction. I 
 am also well satisfied with the manner in which Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel Fullerton, Majors Terbury and Mackenzie, 
 commanded their respective regiments, and in which 
 Major G-rant supported the charge of cavalry on the left. 
 The charge of the Scinde Horse reflects the highest credit 
 on Captain Malcolm, and I have great pleasure in having 
 witnessed the gallant bearing of all the officers and men 
 of this brigade during the operations of the day ; and I 
 i feel sure that their only regret was that the enemy's 
 , ^ .\ \ cavalry so often declined the attack.
 
 APPENDIX F. 209 
 
 To Captains Duncan and Huish and Majors Leeson and 
 Blood, I am much indebted for the manner in which they '■ ; ' 
 brought their guns into action whenever an opportunitjj ,' -^ .^,,J 
 occurred, and the steadiness and good conduct of botb t / 
 officers and men were very eons2)icu()Us. 
 
 I have now the pleasing duty to state, that I have received 
 every assistance and support from my deputy assistant 
 adjutant- general. Captain Pratt, on the present occasion, 
 as well as during the campaign. To my deputy assistant 
 quartermaster-general, Lieutenant Tucker, I am greatly in- 
 debted for his zeal, activity, intelligence, and successful 
 endeavours to procure intelligence of the movements of the 
 enemy during the operations; lie as well as my aide-de- 
 camp. Lieutenant Thackwell, Lieutenant Young, of the En- 
 gineers, Lieutenant Carter, of the Pioneers, and Cornet Beat- 
 son, of the 6tli Light Cavalry, accompanied me during the 
 battle, and afforded me essential service in carrying my^ , • V 
 orders on various occasions during the operations of the dayJ 1-— - 
 
 Brigadier White states how greatly he was satisfied! 
 with the conduct of his brigade-major, Captain Cautley,! 
 and the whole of th(! officers and men of his brigade. 
 
 As the operations of the 2nd and 4th brigades of 
 cavalry did not come under my observations, except 
 towards the latter end of the pursuit, I have the honour 
 to forward Brigadier Lockwood's report, and it would 
 appear therefrom that he conducted his brigade judi- 
 ciously ; and I am gratified to learn that both officers and 
 men behaved greatly to his satisfaction, and that the 14th 
 Light Dragoons and 1st Light Cavalry conducted them- 
 selves gallantly, and evinced every anxiety to close with 
 the enemy. I am happy to observe that the brigadier 
 has mentioned with great approbation the conduct of 
 Lieutenant-Colonels Bradford and King, in command of 
 their regiments ; and I cannot avoid here stating, for the 
 information of his Lordship, that I observed with much 
 
 14
 
 210 APPENDIX F. 
 
 satisfaction the zeal and judgment evinced by both officers, 
 when in command of considerable bodies of cavalry de- 
 tached from the camp at Chillianwallah on important duties. 
 I regret that I have not yet received any report from 
 Brigadier Hearsey, or return of casualties from his 
 brigade, or the Scinde Horse : these will be forwarded 
 when they arrive. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) J. Thackwjjll, 
 
 Major-G-eneral Commanding Cavalry Division. 
 
 To the Deputy Assistant Adjutant- General. 
 Cavalry Division, Army of the Punjaub. 
 
 Camp Goojerat, February 22, 1849. 
 Sir, — I have the honour to report for the information 
 of Major-General Sir Joseph Thackwell, commanding the 
 cavalry division, that, on the morning of the 21st, I 
 formed my brigade, as directed by his Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief, on the right rear of the 1st Division 
 of Infantry, and parallel to Brigadier Markham's reserve ; 
 advancing in this order until the enemy opened their fire. 
 I then deployed the brigade in the following manner : — 
 In the first line, five troops Her Majesty's 14th Light 
 Dragoons, two squadrons 1st Light Cavalry with the 1st 
 Troop, 3rd Brigade Horse Artillery on the left, escorted 
 by a troop of the 14th and a Risallah 11th Irregular 
 Cavalry. In support, the remainder of the Irregular 
 Cavalry, and in reserve, one squadron 14th and one 
 squadron 1st Light Cavalry, 
 
 In the commencement of the action I directed Captain 
 
 Warner to open his fire upon a large body of the enemy 
 
 T*' -^ I near a village in our front ; but as they returned a heavy 
 
 U* ^ I fire within accurate range I changed position left back, 
 
 /: \and the horse artillery ceased firing.
 
 APPENDIX F. 211 
 
 The enemy's horsemen now appeared in great force 
 upon our right, thx-eatening to turn our flank, so I 
 changed front to the right, dii'ecting the reserve to retain 
 its front, and communicate with the infantry. 
 
 Captain Warner's guns opened with great effect upon 
 the horsemen, and turned them, but they only retired a 
 short distance, and then a regiment of their regular 
 cavalry moved round by a circuitous route, and got com- - *^ -f- 
 pletely into our rear. I immediately detached towards j ^ 
 
 them three guns with a squadron of the 14th, who, in con-^t'^^ . 
 
 junction with Major Christie's corps of irregular cavalry, ""^ 
 
 drove them off. 
 
 About this tune a large gol of horse came on towards 
 me, and I prepared to charge, but as they turned at once 
 from the fire of the guns, and as there was a nullah in our 
 front, I refrained from advancing after them. The 
 resei've also now advanced in support of Colonel Hervey's 
 brigade of infantry. 
 
 I then received orders from the Commander-in-Chief to ' 
 
 bring on the brigade, which I did, and followed in pursuit 
 of the enem y, until I found myself jjarallel to the cavalry i ' 
 under the Major-Ceneral, when I placed myself in com- 
 munication with him. . . 
 
 In the pursuit, the 14th Dragoons and 1st Light n " * 
 Cavalry cut down^ or shot a considerable number of the 
 Sikh inf aa tcy.. both regular and irregular, and Corporal 
 William Pain, of the 14th Dragoons captured a red silk \ 
 standard, killing, in single combat, the horseman who ' 
 bore it. ' 
 
 I beg to state to the major-general, that I had the 
 greatest satisfaction in witnessing the steadiness of the 
 troops composing the brigade, in performing several 
 manoeuvres under a heavy fire of artillery. 
 
 My best thanks are due to Cajitain Warner, horse 
 artillery, for the able and efficient manner in which he 
 14 A
 
 212 APPENDIX F. 
 
 'J, ft ^''^ employed his guns ; also to Lieutenant-Colonel Bradford, 
 I V commanding the 1st Light Cavalry ; Lieutenant-Colonel 
 
 p/*- ' King, 14th Light Dragoons ; Captain Masters, 11th Irre- 
 
 gular Cavalry ; and Lieutenant Robarts, 14th Irregiilar 
 Cavalry ; and Lieutenant-Colonel Doherty, who com- 
 manded the reserve. 
 
 I am also under the greatest obligations to my brigade- 
 major, Captain Yule, 9th Lancers, for the essential assist- 
 ance he rendered me, not only during the action, but 
 during the period I have commanded the 2nd brigade. 
 (Signed) C. H. Lockwood, 
 
 Commanding 2nd Cavalry Brigade. 
 
 To Captain Pratt, Assistant Adjutant-General, Cavalry 
 Division. 
 Camp near Koree, February 23, 1849. 
 
 Sir, — I have the honour to report to Sir Joseph Thack- 
 well, K.C.B., and K.H., commanding the cavalry division 
 of the army of the Punjaub, for the information of his 
 Excellency the Eight Honourable the Commander-in- 
 Chief, that agreeable to instructions received from 
 Captain Pratt, assistant adjutant- general, cavalry division, 
 I joined at about half -past 8 on the morning of the 
 21st instant, the brigade of cavahy on the right, under 
 Brigadier Lockwood, with the 3rd and 9th Irregular 
 Cavalry ; and as senior cavalry officer in the field on that 
 flank, I assumed command of the whole of that arm as 
 detailed in the margin,* and a troop of horse artillery 
 
 * Brigadier Lockwood's Brigade : — 
 H.M.'s 14th Dragoons. 
 1st Light Cavalry. 
 
 Captain Warner's Troop Horse Artillery. 
 Captain Fordyce's, at the end of the action.
 
 APPENDIX F. 213 
 
 under Captain Warner. Soon after, the action commenced 
 by a cannonade, and heavy bodies of horse, amongst them 
 apparently a regular regiment, showed in our front. The 
 cavalry under my command advanced towards them, and 
 the troop of horse artillery was sent to the front with its 
 supports (a squadron of Her Majesty's 14th Dragoons 
 and a squadron of irregular horse), and opened a well- 
 directed fire of round shot and shrapnell, which made the 
 enemy fall back to a respectable distance. On this, very; 
 numerous bodies of horse went off to our right, apparently 
 with the intention of turning that flank. I manoeuvred to 
 the right with the irregular brigade and kept them in 
 check. About this time I received orders from his 
 Excellency the Commander-in-Chief not to sej^arate the 
 left of the cavalry too far from the column of infantry 
 advancing in that direction. I was therefore necessitated 
 to close to the left, which I did with Brigadier Lockwood's 
 brigade. At the same time as they again pressed on my 
 right, I ordered three guns to support it, the fire from 
 which made the enemy again draw off. I now observed it 
 was their determination to turn the right, and as I had^ 
 been joined by Colonel Doherty with two squadrons, L' 
 placed him to fill the gap on my left, and ordered Bri- 
 gadier Lockwood's brigade and three guns to join the 
 irregulars on that flank. This checked the enemy, but a 
 very large body now advanced on the space on our left, I 
 immediately opposed it with the irregular brigade and , ^ a 
 Brigadier Lockwood's with a half-battery, and the enemy^^v |^^ -« (( 
 was again foiled, but they perceiving I had only the ^J; 
 
 Irregular Brigade : — 
 3rd Irregular Cavalry. 
 9th Irregular Cavalry. 
 1 1th Irregular Cavalry. 
 13th Irregular Cavalry, let squadron. 
 
 'H
 
 Ltiy. 
 
 214 APPENDIX F. 
 
 artillery sujjports and a rissalah of horse under the com- 
 mand of Lieutenant Eoharts on my extreme right, made 
 a last effort to turn it. 
 
 Til is was promptly met by the 3rd and 9th Irregulars 
 being sent in that direction, the 9th advancing to meet 
 them with the half battery ; thus foiled, they returned to 
 our left. Major Christie following their movement. This 
 was their last attempt, a troop of horse artillery with 
 supports of one squadron of 9th Irregulars, commanded 
 by Lieutenant and Adjutant Tytler, pushed to the front 
 and got under the fire of their artillery, when several men 
 and horses suffered from round shot. It was now appa- 
 rent from the distance of the sound of our guns, that the 
 enemy were in retreat and Major Mackeson informed me 
 it was his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief's wish, that 
 all the cavalry should pursue and prevent the enemy 
 carrying off their guns ; I immediately directed Brigadier 
 Lockwood's brigade to take a sweep to the right and 
 pushed on myself with the 3rd Irregulars and Lieutenant 
 Robarts' rissalah with Captain Warner's troop of horse 
 artillery, the 9th Irregulars and 11th under Captain 
 Masters, following as soon as they could get clear of a 
 deep and quaggy nullah, and we perceived the enemy in 
 full retreat, after a canter of four miles. The artillery 
 opened u^Don the masses~6r men, whilst the cavalry ad- 
 vanced on the flank and overtook them near the village of 
 Runnewall, where a great many of the Bunnoo troops were 
 sabred and shot. In this manner the pursuit continued 
 until a deep nullah prevented the horse artillery getting 
 on without delay. Here I left them with two squadrons 
 and pushed on again, overtaking another body and 
 punishing them. I detached Captain Biddulph with half 
 a rissalah to ascertain the cause of a heavy cloud of dust 
 to our left. He reported it was Sir J. Thackwell's division, 
 and I soon after heard his battery of horse artillery open.
 
 APPENDIX F. 215 
 
 Both divisions of cavalry were now closing on the enemy, 
 and Cajitain Biddulph was so fortunate as to capture five 
 guns, and Major Christie another, that had been left in a 
 nullah by the retreating foe. (Major Christie informs me 
 that this gun would have been left behind if he had not 
 made great exertions in having it brought into camp. He 
 disclaims the capture of it. — J. B. H.) The pursuit con- 
 tinued to the village of Sainthul, when I met and reported 
 to Sir J. Thackwell, and from whence we returned to 
 camp. The distance the cavalry under my command went 
 over in pursuit was fifteen miles. We did not get to the 
 camp of the Irregulars, near the Baradurree of Goojerat, 
 until 10 o'clock at night, and had thus been fifteen hours 
 on horseback. 
 
 I have every reason to be pleased with the conduct of 
 all the ofificers under my command. Some difference arose 
 as to carrying my orders into effect by Brigadier Lock- 
 wood, in consequence of his receiving directions from 
 supreme authority, of which I was not at the time aware, 
 but I found him most zealous and desirous of having an 
 opportunity to charge the enemy at the head of Her 
 Majesty's 14th Dragoons. The conduct of that regiment 
 throughout the day was most exemplary and steady, and 
 I have not the least doubt, had an opportunity occurred, it 
 would have been most eagerly seized, to the utter 
 destruction of any body opposed to it. Brigadier Lock- , 
 wood's report will bear testimony to the energy of thej 
 oflB.cers commanding regiments in his brigade, as I do 
 most assuredly of those officers commanding and in the 
 regiments of irregular cavalry. My thanks are due to 
 Major Tait, C.B., commanding 3rd Irregulars, Major 
 Christie, commanding 9th Irregulars, Captain Masters, 
 commanding 11th Irregulars, and Lieutenant Robarts, 
 commanding a rissalah of the 14th Irregulars. The 
 conduct of the horse artillery was beyond all praise, and I
 
 216 
 
 APPENDIX F. 
 
 feel much indebted to Captain Warner, his officers and 
 men, for the able manner in which that noble arm was 
 employed. 
 
 I feel myself much indebted also to Lieutenant Neville 
 Cha mberla in, Brigade-Major 4th Brigade Irregular Ca- 
 f vafry, for*Tas assistance in the field during the forenoon, 
 which I cannot too much appreciate, and for the example 
 he set in several hand-to-hand affairs with a furious and 
 exasperated enemy during the pursuit. Lieutenant Craw- 
 ford Chamberlain, second in command 9th Irregular 
 Horse, although still suffering from his wound, was 
 present with the regiment the whole day, ^EEus showing 
 his usual energy. 
 
 Lieutenant and Adjutant Tytler, 9th Irregulars, also 
 brought to my notice the steadiness of a squadron of that 
 regiment when under severe artillery fire, by which one 
 sowar was killed and several men and horses wounded. 
 
 I shall forward a list of casualties as soon as I can get 
 them from the different oflficers in command of regiments 
 and parties, but from the constant marching we have had 
 since the battle of Goojerat, and the inclement weather we 
 are now enduring, I have not as yet been able to get them. 
 
 I have, &c, 
 (Signed) J. B. Hearset, 
 
 Brigadier 4th Brigade, 
 
 Commanding Cavalry on the Right Flank of the Army. 
 
 P.S. — I have just got the return of the casualties of the 
 3rd and 9th Irregular Cavalry, which I have the honour 
 to inclose. 
 
 To the Adjutant- General of the Army. 
 
 Head-quarters, Camp Goojerat, 
 February 22, 1849. 
 Sir, — I have the honour to report, for the information 
 of the Eight Honourable the Commander-in-Chief, that
 
 u^ 
 
 APPENDIX F. 217 
 
 the 1st infantry division, with horse artillery attached (as 
 detailed per margin* from right to left), marched at 
 about half-past 7 a.m. yesterday, the 1st brigade com- 
 manded by Brigadier Harvey, in quarter distance column 
 of regiments, right in front, at deploying distance, vrith a 
 troop of native horse artillery on either flank, drawn up 
 in corresponding order. 
 
 The 2nd brigade in reserve, commanded by Brigadier 
 Markham, and three to four hundred yards in rear, 
 proceeded in contiguous quarter distance columns. 
 
 After advancing about two miles or more, the enemy . ^ ^ v 
 opened their fire, and after the army had made some ^ -^^^ 
 further progress, both brigades, agreeably to his Lord- f- 
 ship's orders (and taken up from the left), deployed, the 
 horse artillery conforming thereto. Immediately after- 
 wards the troops of horse artillery and skirmishers (of the 
 1st brigade) were ordered to the front, the latter at 300 
 yards distance. I then requested Brigadier Markham to 
 take ground on the left, that the interval made by the 
 advance of Captain Anderson's four guns might be covered 
 by the 72nd Native Infantry. Both troops began a spirited 
 cannonade and continued it for about three hours, at the 
 rate of forty rounds per gun per hour, until the enemy's . 
 guns in our front (like those, I believe, in front of every 
 part of the line through a similar treatment) were 
 silenced. 
 
 * 4th Troop 1st Brigade Horse Artillery. — Captain McKenzie. 
 
 1st Infantry Brigade. — 52nd Native Infantry ; H.M.'a lOtli Foot ; 
 8tli Native Infantry. 
 
 4th Troup, 3rd Brigade Horse Artillery. — Captain J. Anderson 
 (except guns at Wuzeerabad). 
 
 3rd Company of Pioneers.— Lieutenant McMullin. In reserve. 
 
 2nd Infantry Brigade. — 51st Native Infantry ; H.M.'s 32nd Foot ; 
 72nd Native Infantry.
 
 218 APPENDIX F. 
 
 During the cannonade, on tirst receiving an order for 
 the further advance of Loth troops, I learnt from Major 
 G-arbett who was in command of them, that the guns in 
 our left front had had so many horses killed and disabled, 
 that they must await the arrival of others from the rear, 
 which I observed were making quick progress to their 
 troop ; and which shortly afterwards, I regret to say, 
 K -^yJt^A ' ^^^^ ^^^ gallant captain, who was mortally wounded by a 
 >* / ! cannon-ball. The duties continued, however, to be efficiently 
 ^J,!'/*:;! prosecuted vmder the superintendence of Lieutenants 
 ■ Francis and Mecham, to the former of whom the command 
 immediately devolved. 
 
 After this, both troops being well advanced to the front, 
 and the enemy making one or two threatening demon- 
 strations, I thought it right to make a requisition in the 
 cavalry for a small detachment for their protection, which 
 was promptly complied with by Brigadier Lockwood. 
 
 On the advance of the line being directed, the right 
 brigade found the enemy's infantry in great force in its 
 front, with a strong body of cavalry on their left, which 
 rendered it necessary for Brigadier Hervey to make a 
 short flank movement to the right and throw back the 
 52nd Native Infantry , in order to counteract any attack 
 the enemy might have in contemplation. 
 
 As this unavoidably caused a great gap in the line, I 
 
 thought it advisable to direct Brigadier Markham at once 
 
 to occupy it by his brigade, which was accordingly done, 
 
 and the arrangement immediately reported to his Excel- 
 
 ^ jT' Lf ] lency. The enemy were otherwise preparing to take ad- 
 
 ^ ; vantage of this opening, but on seeing the 2nd Brigade 
 
 P^ t. ; advancing to it, halted and gave a few rounds of grape 
 
 /| I and matchlock fire, which was returned with full effect by 
 
 ! file firing from the right divisions and Lieutenant 
 
 1 Francis's guns, which latter were being replenished with 
 
 i ammunition, and for the moment in rear of the infantry.
 
 APPEND]. \ F. 219 
 
 Lieutenant Need, aide-dL-t-amp, on noticing the enemy's 
 cavalry and infantry immediat(^ly in front of the 2nd 
 Brigade, had made known the same tc Lieutenants Francis 
 and Mecham, who, on his suggestion, instantly galloped . 
 to the front through an interval made for the purpose by/ i,., 
 Her Majesty's 32nd Regiment, and with a few rounds of 
 grape, co-operated .witk,. the infantry (who were advancing, ^ 
 
 to charge) in sending back the enemy in great confusion, i / 
 
 In the flank movement by the 1st Brigade, already 
 adverted to, and which, under a heavy fire from the enemy, 
 of round, grape, and matchlock, with the reformation to ,_ 
 
 line (on discovering that the enemy did not make the 
 anticipated attack) was effected in the most steady and 
 orderly manner. Captain Mackenzie, by his able and ju- 
 dicious co-operation, made his troop particularly useful, and 
 on the enemy's declining to receive the charge of Her Ma- 
 jesty's 10th and the 8th and 52nd Native Infantry, poured 
 in such a continued fire of shrapnell and round upon their \(i 
 retiring masses, as, with what had occurred from the 2nd 
 brigade, effectually to prevent any further threat or moles- 
 tation to the division under my command, and as far as I 
 could observe, every part of the line had been equally 
 succesful in rlpfpa.t.in)j-JlLa pnrj^oses of the enemy, who, 
 long before noon, must have discovered that the entire 
 loss of their guns, ammunition, camp equipage, and cattle, 
 was inevitable. 
 
 On reaching Goojerat, the 2nd brigade, agreeably to his 
 Lordship's orders, commenced collecting the enemy's 
 abandoned guns, nineteen of which were sent in by them 
 forthwith, and occupied the town with the following 
 details, under Major Case, Her Majesty's 32nd Regiment 
 (which was afterwards reinforced by the 36th Regiment 
 Native Infantry). 
 
 Two Companies H. M.'s 32nd Regiment under Captain 
 Pigott.
 
 220 APPENDIX F. 
 
 Two Companies 51st Regiment Native Infantry, under 
 Lieutenant Wallace. 
 
 Possession of the eight gates was first taken, and then 
 
 of the fort, where about eighty of the enemy laid down 
 
 their arms, and were made over as prisoners to the 36th 
 
 Regiment Native Infantry, with other small parties found 
 
 in different parts of the town, that with few exceptions, 
 
 made no resistance. The ahove four companies captured 
 
 a gxm, standard, and some horses, with the loss of one 
 
 man killed of Her Majesty's 32nd, and an ofiicer of the 
 
 same corps wouuded, Lieutenant Jeffry. The 1st brigade, 
 
 on halting here, detached a subdivision of Her Majesty's 
 
 10th Regiment and the Grenadier Company of 52nd 
 
 ^ . Native Infantry, to expel a party of 200 of the enemy in 
 
 , w..LHt^ occupation of^the temj)le and garden, in rear of which the 
 
 ^ . J 8th Regiment Native Infantry is now encamped, which 
 
 it A \ was effected with trifling loss on our side, but the enemy 
 
 f I had 30 or 40 killed and wounded, and a great number 
 
 \ taken prisoners. 
 
 It is particularly satisfactory to me to bring to the 
 favourable notice of the Right Honourable the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief the conduct of the division under my 
 command during the services of yesterday, performed 
 under his Lordship's immediate orders and direction, and 
 consisting of, in fact, the Horse Artillery and Infantry of 
 the (Bengal) Mooltan Field Force, with the exception of 
 the 49th Regiment Native Infantry on detached duty. 
 Brigadiers Hervey and Markham conducted their brigades, 
 under the various circumstances of the day (some of 
 which I have briefly specified), in a manner that merits 
 the strongest commendation, and they were, as heretofore, 
 admirably supported by the officers in command of 
 regiments, viz. : 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Franks, C.B., H. M.'s 10th Regi- 
 ment ; Lieutenant-Colonel Brooke, H. M.'s 32nd Regiment.
 
 APPENDIX F. 221 
 
 Major Farquharson, 8th Regiment Native Infantry, and, 
 on his being severely wounded, Bi*evet-Major Williams. 
 
 Brevet-Major Griffin, 51st Regiment Native Infantry ; 
 Captain Jamieson, 52nd ditto ; Captain Lloyd, 72nd ditto. 
 
 I cordially unite with both Brigadiers, in the expression 
 of thanks to the above officers, for the intelligence and 
 zeal with which they carried out their orders, and to all 
 the officers and men under their command, for the steadi- 
 ness and promj^t obedience so uniformly evinced through- 
 out the division. 
 
 Brigadier Hervey acknowledges the services of his 
 Brigade-Major Captain Wiggins, in high terms of com- 
 mendation ; and the active assistance he received through- 
 out the day from Lieutenant B. Reid (34th Regiment 
 Native Infantry), interpreter to Her Majesty's 10th 
 Regiment ; as does Brigadier Markham those of his 
 Brigade-Major Caj^tain Balfour, Her Majesty's 32nd 
 Regiment (who has happily recovered from the wound he 
 received in the action of the 12th September last), and of 
 Ensign Fraser , 23rd Regiment, appointed acting interpreter 
 of 49th Regiment Native Infantry, who is awaiting the 
 arrival of his regiment from Mooltan, and who gladly 
 made his services useful to the Brigadier. 
 
 To Major Garbett, commanding the Horse Artillery at- 
 tached to my division, my best acknowledgments are due, 
 for his unremitting attention to both troops under his 
 command, and particularly in matters the officers com- 
 manding them were not so able of themselves to give 
 directions about. He mentions in the highest terms (as 
 does Bx'igadier Hervey) Captain Mackenzie and his troop, 
 and notices that, after the lamented death of Captain J. 
 Anderson, the four guns of his troop were well commanded 
 by Lieutenant Francis ; and I heartily concur in the 
 testimony he bears to the admirable conduct of the officers 
 and men of both troops, who worked their guns with a
 
 ^ 
 
 222 APPENDIX F. 
 
 rapidity and precision that would have been impracticable 
 except from their uniform coolness and steadiness under 
 a heavy fire from the enemy at both positions, first at 
 - 1000 yards and secondly at 600 yards. Major Garbett 
 also notices in most favourable terms, the able assistance 
 rendered him by Lieutenant De Tessier, Acting Adjutant, 
 jC-' ^£^ 1st Brigade Horse Artillery. 
 
 Lieutenant McMullin and his company of pioneers de- 
 serve much credit, Having continued with the 4th Troop, 
 1st Brigade Horse Artillery, and rendered useful service 
 whenever called upon. 
 
 ^ Having but recently had my attention draAvn to the cir- 
 ^ cumstances I am about to mention, I think, in justice to 
 the gallant officer affected by them, I may be permitted so 
 to do though they refer to anterior conflicts with the 
 enemy. On the 12th September last, after Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Pattoun was mortally wounded, the command of 
 the six companies. Her Majesty's 32nd Eegimeut, devolved 
 on Major Inglis, and through the exertions of the gallant 
 troops employed, the enemy's strong position was carried : 
 and a similar result occurred on the 7th of November last, 
 when, from Lieutenant Colonel-Brooke having the com- 
 mand of one of the two columns of attack, that of Her 
 Majesty's 23nd Eegiment again devolved on Major Inglis, 
 whose conduct in that important trust was highly satis- 
 factory to the brigadier commanding, and I have accord- 
 ingly great satisfaction in soliciting the favourable notice 
 of his Excellency to the same. 
 
 Major Napier (attended by Lieutenant G-reathead), of 
 Engineers, who was attached for the day to the two divisions 
 * » on the right, aided me much by occasionally reconnoitring 
 
 ^«/i .^|)Ositions we were approaching; and in giving me the 
 ^^ advantage of his reconnoissance of the preceding day. 
 
 Captain Glasfurd and Lieutenant J. B. Smith, of En- 
 gineers, having been directed to join me, were extremely
 
 APPENDIX F. 223 
 
 useful during tlie day ; and I feel much indebted to botli ; 
 as also to Captain Cheape (51st Native Infantry), late 
 treasurer to the Mooltan Field Force, who attended me 
 throughout, and for whom it was not difficult to find 
 frequent and active employment. 
 
 Major Becher, assistant quartermaster- general, and 
 Captain Whish, deputy assistant adjutant- general of the 
 division, as also my aides-de-camp, Captain J. C. Kennedy, 
 Her Majesty's 18th Foot, and Lieutenant A. Need, Her 
 Majesty's 14th Light Dragoons, afforded me every 
 assistance, and are entitled to my best thanks for their 
 attention and zeal. The horse of the deputy assistant 
 adjutant- general, from which he had just dismou nted. 
 having on the commencement of our cannonade been 
 severely wounded by a cannon-shot, it was some time 
 before another could join from the rear, and intermediately 
 a camel served him as a tolerable substitute. 
 
 I beg respectfully, in conclusion, to offer to the Right 
 Honourable the Commander-in-Chief my hearty congra- 
 tulations on the complete success of his Lordship's 
 arrangements for the day, and on an issue, which, under/ 
 Divine Pr ovidence^ has been _perinitted to be most' 
 trimnphant. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) W. S. Whish, Major- General, 
 
 Commanding 1st Infantry Division, Army of the Punjab. 
 
 To Lieutena7it-Colonel P. Grant, C.B., Adjutant-General of ^^ 
 the Xirniy. T 
 
 Camp Nowrungabad, Feb. 24, 1849. 
 Sir, — I have to apologize for the delay which has taken 
 place in complying with general orders of the 21st iustant, 
 directing reports of the proceedings of the troops em- 
 ployed against the enemy to be forwarded for the infor-
 
 224 APPENDIX F. 
 
 mation of his Excellency the Eight Honourable the 
 Commander-in-Chief ; but having been, as you are aware, 
 constantly on the move since the morning after the action 
 near Goojerat, in puiiguit of the fugitive Sikh army, I 
 have not had an opportunity of doing so. 
 
 I have now to report, for the information of his Lord- 
 ship, the 2nd infantry division, consisting of the troops 
 mentioned in the margin,* advanced from Shadawalla on 
 the morning of the 21st instant, in line of quarter distance 
 columns, at deploying distance, leaving a battery of heavy 
 guns under Major Horsford, of artillery, between the two 
 brigades, No. 17 light field battery under command of 
 Captain Dawes, and, Brevet-Major Pordyce's troop of 
 horse artillery, between the right regiments of the left 
 and right brigades respectively. 
 
 Having received orders to push forward my light 
 troops, to force the enemy to show their position, I imme- 
 diately advanced the troop of horse artillery and Dawes' 
 light field battery, which instantly drew a very heavy and 
 well-directed fire from two large batteries which the 
 enemy had established on either side of the village of 
 Kalerah, by which they were nearly screened from the fire 
 "of our guns, which, with the light companies, were then 
 still further pushed forward, followed by the division 
 which had deployed into line ; the heavy guns in our 
 centre, at this time, opening a very destructive cannonade. 
 Up to this time the village above named seemed to be 
 unoccupied, and I directed a party of infantry to take 
 possession of it. Upon the approach of this party a 
 tremendous fire of musketry was opened from the walls, 
 
 * 3rd Brigade : — 31st Native Infantry ; 2nd European Eegiment ; 
 70th Native Infantry. 
 
 4th Brigade :— 30th Native Infantry; H.M.'s 29th Foot; 56th 
 Native Infantry.
 
 APPENDIX P. 225 
 
 which were loopholed in every direction ; the 2nd Euro- 
 pean regiment was then ordered up in support, under the 
 command of Major Steel, and soon carried it after a most 
 obstinate resistance, in which that gallant regiment 
 suffered rather severely, as well as upon its emerging from 
 the village ; soon after which the enemy left many of their 
 guns, and fled in the greatest confusion. 
 
 It affords me the highest satisfaction to record the valu- 
 able services of Brigadier A. S. H. Mountain, C.B., and of 
 Brigadier N. Penny, C.B., who led the 2nd European 
 Regiment to the attack of the village, in the most gallant 
 and exemplary manner. I should wish particularly to 
 mention the very great assistance I received from Major 
 Horsford, commanding the heavy battery, and Major 
 Fordyce, commanding 2nd troop, 2nd brigade horse 
 artillery, and Captain Dawes, commanding No. 17 light 
 field battery. It is impossible to praise too highly their 
 conduct, and that of all those under their command. 
 
 I beg likewise to bring to his Excellency's notice the 
 valuable asistance I received from my divisional and per- 
 sonal staff, Brevet Captain J. A. D. Fergusson, deputy 
 assistant adjutant- general, Lieutenant A. S. Galloway, 
 deputy assistant quartermaster-general. Lieutenant Colt, 
 aide-de-camp. Captain Sherwill and Lieutenant Mac- 
 Donnell, majors of brigade, and Captain Goldie and 
 Lieutenant Irwin, of the engineers. 
 
 Captain W. P. Bobbins, 15th Native Infantry, who 
 acted as my aide-de-camp during the action, afforded me 
 great and active assistance, as did also Lieutenant H. B. 
 Hopper, 31st Native Infantry (orderly officer). 
 
 My warmest thinks are due to Lieutenant-Colonel Con- 
 greve, C.B., Her Majesty's 29th Foot, Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Jack, 30th Native Infantry, and Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Holmes, 56th Native Infantry, and to Majors J. Steel, 2nd 
 European Regiment, W. R. Corfield, 31st Native Infantry, 
 
 15
 
 226 APPENDIX F. 
 
 and J, R. McCausland, 70th Native Infantry (severely 
 wounded in the attack on the village of Kalerah), for the 
 exemplary manner in which they led their regiments. I 
 trust I may be permitted to bring to his Excellency's 
 notice the name of Brevet Captain G. Gordon, 50th Native 
 Infantry, officiating sub-assistant commissary-general, who, 
 at my request, destroyed the enemy's camp equipage and 
 loose ammunition. 
 
 The conduct of all the troops under my command, 
 European and Native, under a terrific and well-directed 
 cannonade, was such as to call forth my highest com- 
 mendation. 
 
 In conclusion, I regret, that in consequence of our being 
 so constantly on the move since the action, I am xmable to 
 forward herein the return of casualties ; bvit I shall do 
 myself the honour to transmit them with the least possible 
 delay. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) W. R. Gilbert, Major-General, 
 
 Commanding 2nd Infantry Division, 
 
 Army of the Punjaub. 
 
 P.S. — In the absence of the regular returns I may here 
 add that the amount of loss is very trifling, considering 
 the heavy fire kept up by the enemy's artillery on the 
 centre of the division, where the heavy guns were, the 2nd 
 European Regiment having only lost 8 men killed, and 
 135 wounded; the 31st Native Infantry, 11 men killed, 
 and 131 wounded ; and 70th Native Infantry, 20 killed 
 and 40 wounded. 
 
 In the 4th Brigade H. M's. 29th Regiment lost only 2 
 men and 6 wounded, the 30th Native Infantry 3 men 
 wounded, and the 66th Native Infantry only 1 man 
 wounded.
 
 APPENDIX F. 227 
 
 To Lieutenant-Colonel P. Grant, C.B., Adjutant- General of 
 the Army. 
 Camp Dowlutnuggur, February 23, 1849. 
 
 Sir, — I have the honour to report to you, for the infor- 
 mation of the Eight Honourable the Commander-in-Chief, 
 that in obedience to the orders I received from his Lord- 
 ship, at daylight of the 21st instant I formed the brigades 
 of the 3rd Division, commanded by Brigadiers Carnegie 
 and McLeod, with the light field batteries attached to 
 them, close to the left bank of the nullah, which passed 
 in front of the village of Shadawal, a little after 7 a.m. 
 The brigade under Brigadier Hoggan was formed at the 
 same time in rear to act as a reserve to the whole force 
 intended to be employed on that side of the nullah. 
 
 In the advance to the attack of the enemy's position, 
 his Lordship desired me to keep close to the left side of 
 the nullah, and to preserve my communication with the 
 heavy guns, which were placed on the opposite bank. 
 
 His Lordship further directed me to approach, but 
 not to pass that part of the nullah, behind which the 
 right of the enemy's army was formed, without further 
 instructions from him. 
 
 With a view to the effectual fulfilment of his Lordship's 
 wishes to maintain close communication with the heavy 
 guns. on my right, and to prevent their molestation by the 
 enemy from the nullah, I directed the light company of 
 H. M's. 24th to occupy and move along the nullah in 
 advance of the heavy guns, and to render the communica- 
 tion more secui'e, I supported this company with two guns 
 from No. 10 light field battery, which moved close along 
 the bank of the nullah. 
 
 The two brigades were formed, in the first instance, in 
 contiguous columns of regiments (the brigades at full dis- 
 tance), covered by a strong line of skirmishers, and these 
 immediately supported by Nos. 5 and 10 light field bat- 
 
 15 A
 
 228 APPENDIX F. 
 
 teries, attached to them respectively. These stinnishers, 
 communicated on the left with those covering the front of 
 the Bombay division, which were likewise supported by 
 the troop of horse artillery belonging to that force. The 
 whole line moved forward at j before 8 a.m., in this order, 
 with the regularity of troops at a review. The country 
 we passed over in our advance was perfectly level, highly 
 cultivated and without an obstruction, being merely 
 dotted here and there with an occasional tree. 
 
 At ^ past 9, the skirmishers having arrived within long 
 range of the enemy's guns, the columns were deployed 
 into line, when we again moved forward ; at this time the 
 right wing of the enemy's army was plainly to be seen, 
 formed directly in our front beyond a turn in the nullah 
 which seemed to run parallel to the front of their position, 
 in the centre of which and nearly opposite to Nos. 5 and 
 10 light field batteries, they had two very heavy guns, and 
 several 6 and 9-pounders field guns, which then opened 
 fire ; that from the former, in the first instance, caused 
 some loss in the batteries; and here it was, I regret to say, 
 that Lieutenant Day, of the Artillery, a very brave and 
 most promising young ofiicer, was killed by a cannon- 
 ball. 
 
 The line moved onwards to the front, keeping in com- 
 munication with, and as much as possible, in the allign- 
 ment of the heavy guns, while the field batteries kept up 
 so destructive a fire upon the enemy in their fi-ont, in 
 position behind the nullah, that they finally obliged the 
 whole force to abandon it, and take shelter under cover of 
 the bank of the nullah, and from which they were after- 
 wards driven in confusion and flight, by an enfilading fire 
 from these same field batteries. 
 
 About three-quarters of an hour before the enemy had 
 been finally driven in flight from the nullah and from the 
 field, a great effort was made by many, apparently of the
 
 APPENDIX F. 229 
 
 principal cMefs, to bring forward a large body of their 
 cavalry, which was followed in a tumultuous manner by 
 the infantry, which had taken shelter in the nullah to 
 attack the centre of the Bombay division. This attack 
 was taken in flank by No. 5 field battery, and caused 
 great loss to the enemy, both in his short advance and 
 subsequent retreat. 
 
 The infantry of the 3rd Division had not occasion to 
 fire a shot. The enemy were driven from their different 
 positions, and from the field, by the fire of those two 
 field batteries, aided by that of the Bombay troop of 
 horse artillery. 
 
 I cannot find language to express my sense of the calm, 
 steady and admirable manner, in which these two batteries 
 were commanded and worked by Major Mowatt, the com- 
 manding ofiicer, and by Major Ludlow and Lieutenant 
 Eobertson, the former commanding No. 5, the latter No. 
 10 battery ; nor am I able adequately to express my ad- 
 miration of the bravery and gallantry of the other officers 
 of these batteries, and of their non-commissioned officers 
 and men, all of whom I beg to recommend, in an especial 
 manner to the favourable notice of the Right Honourable 
 the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 After the troops had crossed the nullah, I received his 
 Lordship's orders to follow the troops of the right wing, 
 in their movement towards the east side of Goojerat, while 
 the Bombay division passed the town on the other side. 
 After clearing the town, the division again resumed its 
 communication with the Bombay troops, and proceeded 
 with them in advance, together with the troops of the 2nd 
 Division on our right, until ordered to halt and encamp. 
 
 I beg leave to bring to the favourable notice of the 
 Commander-in-Chief the conduct of Brigadiers Camagie. ^ 
 and McLeod, to whom I feel much indebted for thel V 
 brave example they set to their men, and for the officer- '" c ,
 
 230 APPENDIX F. 
 
 like manner in which they managed their respective 
 brigades during the day. Brigadier Hoggan, commanding 
 the reseiTe, was under the immediate orders of Brigadier- 
 Greneral Dundas on the left. 
 
 The two former brigadiers speat in strong terms of 
 the merits and services during the day of their respec- 
 tive brigade-majors, Captain Clarke, of the 25th Native 
 Infantry, and Captain Keiller, of the 6th Native In- 
 fantry ; and I can confirm their opinion of the zeal, 
 activity, and value of these officers' services, from m.y own 
 personal observation. 
 
 I beg also to recommend to the favourable notice of 
 the Commander-in-Chief, the conduct of the several 
 officers commanding regiments, who all set an example 
 of the greatest gallantry to their respective corps, viz., 
 Lieutenant- Colonel Smith, Her Majesty's 24th Eegi- 
 ment, Lieutenant-Colonel Corbett, 25th Native Infantry, 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Jones, Her Majesty's 61st, Major 
 Tudor, 46th Native Infantry, and Captain Lang, 36th 
 Native Infantry, they are all truly deserving of his Lord- 
 ship's favourable notice and approbation. Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Jones, of Her Majesty's 61st, speaks in terms of 
 praise of the assistance he received from the two majors 
 of that regiment. Major Campbell and Major Stephens ; 
 and Lieutenant- Colonel Smith, of Her Majesty's 24th 
 Regiment, in a similar manner, notices the conduct of 
 Major Blachford of that corps. 
 
 I received, during the day, the most cordial and valuable 
 assistance from Major Ponsonby, assistant adjutant- 
 general of the division, with whom I have found a real 
 pleasure in being associated on service, and to whom I owe 
 great obligation for the able and careful manner in which 
 he conducts the duties of his department. 
 
 I beg to recommend to the particular notice of his Lord- 
 ship the Commander-in-Chief the conduct of Ensign
 
 APPENDIX F. 231 
 
 Crarden, deputy assistant quartermaster-general, to whom 
 I am also under many obligations for the zeal and 
 ability with which he performs his various duties. 
 
 Captain Durand and Lieutenant Morton, of the En- 
 gineers, were attached to the 3rd Division, during the 
 action, and accompanied me during the day ; they ren- 
 dered me valuable assistance, and I owe to them, accord- 
 ingly, my warmest acknowledgments. 
 
 I cannot conclude this report without also bringing to 
 the notice of the Commander-in-Chief the willing and 
 valuable assistance afforded me by my aide-de-camp 
 Captain Haythorne, and also by my brother officer Lieu- 
 tenant Shadwell, of Her Majesty's 98th Regiment, who 
 was present in the action as a volunteer. 
 
 I beg herewith to inclose a return of the killed and 
 wounded, together with a present state of the troops 
 actually engaged, and returns of the qiiantity of ammu- 
 nition expended. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) C. Campbell, Brigadier-General, 
 
 Commanding 3rd Division, Army of the Punjaub. 
 
 From Brigadier- General H. Dundas, C.B., commanding 
 Bombay column, Army of the Pnnjauh, to the Adjutant- 
 General of the Bengal Army. 
 
 Head-Quarters, Camp Saikerwalla, February 22, 1849. 
 Sir, — I have the honour to inform you that, agreeably 
 to the orders I received, the Bombay Infantry division 
 was formed on the left of the line. I advanced for some 
 distance in contiguous columns at quarter distance, the 
 60th Rifles, under Lieutenant-Colonel Bradshaw, and the 
 3rd troop Horse Artillery, under Major Blood, being 
 thrown in advance. The division deployed into line, and 
 gradually advanced as the attack on the right developed
 
 fr 
 
 232 APPENDIX F. 
 
 itself. A party of the enemj's horse made a demon- 
 stration of attacking the line, but speedily moved off to 
 their own right, on receiving one or two rounds from 
 Major Blood's troop. A battery of the enemy, which 
 was in front of the Bengal division, was also quickly 
 silenced by this troop, which made excellent practice. 
 The division kept gradually advancing without firing a 
 / - /shot, the enemy moving off so fast we could not reach 
 
 *H^ ■■ I him, the artillery taking eveiy advantage of opening its 
 
 ^ / fire that was afforded. The infantry kept constantly 
 
 advancing, passing through the enemy's camp, which was 
 left standing, and round the town of Goojerat on the 
 left, bringing up the left shoulders. The ground at the 
 first was studded with bushes and hedges of prickly 
 pear, which caused some delay in getting through, and 
 on reaching the open country ;^ again, not a sign of the 
 I / enemy was to be seen. Two guns were abandoned by 
 
 him on this side of the town. Not a casualty occurred 
 in the infantry division or in the troop, with the exception 
 of two horses. The troop afterwards accompanied Major- 
 General Sir Joseph Thackwell's division of cavalry in 
 ^ pursuit of the enemy, and it has been reported to me, 
 
 » l'-*'**^ i^y Brigadier Leeson, commanding Bombay Artillery, that 
 it rendered good service. The Scinde Horse, under 
 Lieutenant Malcolm, having been attached for the day 
 to Major-General Sir Joseph Thackwell's division, I had 
 not an opportunity of witnessing a most successfuX^and 
 gallant charge which was made by that distinguished 
 L- i regiment against a party of the enemy's horse, which 
 
 5^ i was completely overthrown with the loss of their stan- 
 dards, and the attempt to turn our left, which the 
 .y-2^'* enemy showed a disposition to try, altogether frustrated. 
 This success was not gained without some loss, which 
 ^ amounted to 3 killed and 16 or 17 wounded. The field 
 battery under Captain Turnbvill was attached to the force 
 
 I
 
 APPENDIX F. 233 
 
 protecting the baggage, where the troops never came in 
 contact with the enemy, who moved off with the utmost 
 rapidity ; there is little room for remark on their conduct, 
 beyond making a steady and regular advance, and for a 
 long distance, and preserving a good order of formation, 
 I had every reason to be satisfied with the conduct of all 
 — and my thanks are due to Brigadier Capon, commanding 
 the 1st Infantry Brigade, to Lieutenant-Colonel Bradshaw, 
 commanding 60th Rifles, Major Hallett, commanding 3rd 
 Regiment Native Infantry, Major Mignon, conunanding 
 1st Bombay Fusiliers, Major Maut, commanding 19th 
 Regiment Native Infantry, Brigadier Leeson, commanding 
 the artillery, rendering eveiy assistance, and Major Blood, 
 in command of the troop, is entitled to every credit for 
 the efficient service the troop was enabled to perform. 
 
 The steady and good order in which the brigade of the 
 Bengal army moved under Brigadier Hoggan, which was 
 in support of the Bombay division, was very praiseworthy. 
 
 I am indebted to the officers of the divisional staff for 
 the active assistance they afforded me, Major Greene, 
 assistant adjutant- general. Captain Hart, deputy assistant 
 adjutant- general, Captain Ramsay, the assistant quarter- 
 master-general. Captain Skinner, the deputy judge- 
 advocate- general. Major St. John, paymaster. Lieutenant 
 Mules, of the 1st Fusiliers, postmaster. Lieutenant Ward, 
 60th Rifles, my aide-de-camp, and. Lieutenant Crawley, 
 15th Hussars, aide-de-camp to Major-Greneral Aitehison, 
 commanding Mysore division, who officiated as my aide- 
 de-camp,* Lieutenant Stevenson, brigade-major of artillery, 
 rendered every assistance in his department. The saj^pera 
 and miners, under Lieutenant Kendall, were kept pre- 
 
 * Brigadier Capon also reports favourably of the assistance he 
 derived from Captain Stilea, major of brigade, and Lieutenant Gor- 
 don, 60th Eifles, who olficiated as aide-de-camp.
 
 ftC5 
 
 ^' 
 
 234 APPENDIX P. 
 
 pared for any duty that might have been required in 
 sloping down nullahs for the guns, &c., but the ground 
 was so favourable for the movement of the troops that 
 their exertions were not required in this duty. My thanks 
 are also due to Captain Threshie, assistant commissary- 
 general, on this occasion, as also for the eificient manner 
 in which the duties of his department have been 
 conducted. 
 
 Lieutenant Henry, 19th Regiment Native Infantry, 
 aide-de-camp to the Eight Honourable the Governor of 
 Bombay, and who was placed in political charge of the 
 prisoner of war, the Dewan Moolraj, joined me in the 
 afternoon, having ridden post from Lahore on purpose to 
 be present, after delivering over charge of his prisoner on 
 the 20th instant. 
 
 Herewith I inclose a list of casualties, which is prin- 
 cipally in horses, together with a return of ammunition 
 expended. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) H. Dtjndas, Brigadier- General, 
 
 Commanding Bombay column, Army of the Punjaub. 
 
 From Major J. 8. Leeson, Brigadier commanding Artillery 
 Brigade, Bombay Division, to the Assistant Adjutant- 
 General, Bombay Division. 
 
 Camp Goojerat, February 22, 1849. 
 Sir, — In compliance with your order, I have the honour 
 to report that the 3rd, or Major Blood's troop of horse 
 artillery, was ordered to accompany the cavalry division 
 under General Sir Joseph Thackwell, K.C.B., at about 
 half-past one yesterday, to follow the enemy, who were 
 then retreating. With this troop I proceeded, accom- 
 panied by Lieutenant Hamilton and my staff. 
 
 After proceeding at a trot and gallop for about nine 
 miles, we joined the cavalry division, and soon joined
 
 APPENDIX F. 235 
 
 the enemy's rear, and at a distance of about 400 yards 
 opened fire with manifest good effect ; they were then 
 attempting to can-y off three guns, and a considerable 
 body of cavalry were hovering round to afford them pro- 
 tection ; this they were unable to effect, as our well-directed 
 fire soon obliged the enemy to abandon their guns, camels, 
 carts, bullocks, &c., and a great proportion of their 
 baggage, which fell into our hands. 
 
 The enemy still continuing to retreat in a most disor- 
 derly manner, we advanced at a gallop for about three 
 miles, and again opened fire with such effect that they 
 were compelled to abandon another gun. 
 
 We again advanced same distance further, and were 
 halted by order of the general commanding, who proceeded, 
 and at a quarter to 5 p.m. we began to fall back towards 
 camp, which we reached at half-past 8 o'clock p.m. 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) J. S. Leeson, Maj., H. A., 
 
 Brigadier Comdg. Arty. Bde., Bombay Division. 
 (True Copy,) 
 (Signed) Edward Green, Major, 
 
 Assistant Adjutant-General, F. P. 
 
 General Return of Casualties in the Army of the Puujaub 
 in the Action of Goojcrat, on the 21st February, 18-49, 
 between the British Forces under the ])ersonal com- 
 mand of General the Right Honourable Hugh, Barou 
 Gough, G.C.B., Commander-in-Chief of all the Forces 
 in India, and the Rebel Army under Sirdar Chutter 
 Sing and Rajah Shore Sing. 
 
 General Staff — 1 Provost-Marshal wounded. 
 
 Artillery Division. — Horse Artillery. 
 
 4th Troop, 1st Brigade — 3 rank and file, 1 syce, 17 horses, 
 killed ; 1 native officer, 5 rank and file, 2 lascars, 5 
 syces, 11 horses, wounded.
 
 236 APPENDIX F. 
 
 2ud Troop, 2nd Brigade — 7 rank and file, 1 lascar, 25 
 
 horses, killed ; 1 sergeant, 1 trumpeter, 17 rank and 
 
 file, 4 lascars, 13 horses, wounded. 
 3rd Troop, 2nd Brigade — 1 syce, 7 horses, killed ; 4 rank 
 
 and file, wounded ; 1 syce missing. 
 4th Troop, 2nd Brigade — 1 rank and file wounded ; 1 
 
 horse missing. 
 1st Troop, 3rd Brigade — 1 tinimpeter, 2 rank and file, 
 
 wounded ; 1 horse missing. 
 2nd Troop, 3rd Brigade — 1 rank and file, 7 horses, killed ; 
 
 2 sergeants, 3 rank and file, 1 syce, 1 horse, wounded ; 
 
 2 horses missing. 
 4th Troop, 3rd Brigade — 1 European officer, 1 sergeant, 6 
 
 rank and file, 1 lascar, 16 horses, killed ; 1 sergeant, 
 
 4 rank and file, 1 lascar, 1 syce, 6 horses, wounded ; 1 
 
 horse missing. 
 
 Foot Artillery. 
 1st Company, 1st Battalion (No. 10 Battery) — 1 European 
 
 officer, 1 rank and file, 2 horses, killed ; 2 rank and 
 
 file, 2 syce-drivers, 3 horses, wounded; 1 horse 
 
 missing. 
 3rd Company, 1st Battalion (No. 17 Battery) — 10 horses 
 
 killed ; 4 rank and file, 3 horses, wounded. 
 3rd Company, 3rd Battalion — 2 rank and file, 5 bullocks, 
 
 killed ; 2 syce-drivers wounded. 
 4th Company, 3rd Battalion — 5 bullocks killed; 2 rank 
 
 and file, 1 lascar, 3 syce-drivers, wounded. 
 1st Company, 4th Battalion — 1 European officer, 3 rank 
 
 and file, 1 lascar, wounded, 
 4th Company, 4th Battalion — 1 rank and file wounded. 
 3rd Company, 7th Battalion (No. 5 Battery) — 1 syce- 
 driver, 1 syce, 3 horses, killed ; 2 rank and file, 1 
 
 lascar, 1 syce-driver, wounded. 
 Total — 2 European officers, 1 sergeant, 20 rank and file, 2 
 
 lascars, 1 syce-driver, 3 syces, 97 horses or bullocks,
 
 APPENDIX F. 237 
 
 killed ; 1 European officer, 1 native ditto, 4 sergeants, 
 trumpeters, 50 rank and file, 10 lascars, 8 syce- 
 drivers, 7 "PS, 37 horses or bullocks, wounded ; 
 1 syce, 6 horseo, ^sing. 
 Engineer Department and Sappers and Pioneers — 1 Euro- 
 pean officer, 1 native ditto, 2 sergeants or havildars, 
 5 rank and file, wounded. 
 
 Cavalry Division. — 1st Brigade. 
 H. M.'s 3rd Light Dragoons — 1 horse killed ; 1 rank and 
 
 file, 2 horses, wounded ; 2 horses missing. 
 H. M.'s 9th Lancers — 4 horses missing. 
 5th Regiment Light Cavalry — 1 European officer, 4 rank 
 
 and file, 1 horse, wounded. 
 8th Regiment Light Cavalry — 1 syce, 1 horse, killed ; 1 
 
 native officer wounded ; 1 rank and file, 3 horses, 
 
 missing. 
 
 2nd Brigade. 
 H. M.'s 14th Light Dragoons — 1 European officer, 3 
 
 horses, killed ; 2 European officers, 4 rank and file, 2 
 
 horses, wounded. 
 1st Regiment Light Cavalry — 2 rank and file, 4 horses, 
 
 wounded ; 2 horses missing. 
 
 3rd Brigade. 
 11th Irregular Cavalry — 2 horses killed ; 3 rank and file 
 
 wounded. 
 14th Irregular Cavalry (1 squadron) — 2 rank and file, 4 
 
 horses, wounded ; 2 horses missing. 
 
 4th Brigade. 
 3rd Irregular Cavalry — 1 rank and file, 2 horses, killed ; 
 
 1 native officer, 1 havildar, 5 rank and file, 2 horses, 
 
 wounded. 
 9th Irregular Cavalry — 1 rank and file, 10 horses, killed ; 
 
 1 havildar, 12 rank and file, 3 horses, wounded.
 
 238 APPENDIX P. 
 
 Total — 1 European officer, 2 rank and file, 1 syce, 19 
 horses, killed ; 3 European officers, 2 native ditto, 2 
 havildars, 33 rank and file, 18 horses, wounded ; 1 
 rank and file, 13 horses, missing. 
 
 1st Infantry Division. 
 Divisional Staff — 1 horse wounded. 
 1st Brigade. 
 H. M.'s 10th Eoot— 7 rank and file, 1 horse, killed; 1 
 
 European officer, 53 rank and file, wounded. 
 8th Eegiment Native Infantry — 1 European officer, 1 
 
 native ditto, 3 rank and file, killed ; 2 European 
 
 officers, 3 native ditto, 4 havildars, 56 rank and file, 
 
 wounded. 
 62nd Regiment Native Infantry — 5 rank and file killed ; 
 
 3 European officers, 1 havildar, 30 rank and file, 
 
 wounded. 
 
 2nd Brigade. 
 H. M.'s 32nd Foot — 1 rank and file killed ; 1 European 
 
 officer, 4 rank and file, wounded, 
 51st Regiment Native Infantry — 5 rank and file killed; 1 
 
 European officer, 1 native ditto, 1 havildar, 46 rank 
 
 and file, wounded. 
 72nd Regiment Native Infantry — 1 rank and file killed ; 
 
 8 rank and file wounded. 
 Total — 1 European officer, 1 native ditto, 22 rank and file, 
 
 1 horse, killed ; 8 European officers, 4 native ditto, 6 
 
 havildars, 197 rank and file, 1 horse, wounded. 
 
 2nd Infantry Division, 3rd Brigade. 
 
 2nd European Regiment — 1 European officer, 2 sergeants, 
 6 rank and file, 1 horse, killed ; 5 European officers, 
 12 sergeants, 123 rank and file, 1 horse, wounded ; 3 
 rank and file missing. 
 
 31st Regiment Native Infantry — 2 havildars, 9 rank and
 
 APPENDIX F. 239 
 
 file, killed ; 1 European oflScer, 4 native ditto, 7 havil- 
 dars, 119 rank and file, 1 lascar, wovinded. 
 
 70th. Regiment N. I. — 10 rank and file killed ; 5 European 
 ofiicers, 1 native ditto, 4 havildars, 34 rank and file, 
 wounded. 
 
 4th Brigade. 
 
 H. M.'s 29tli Foot— 2 rank and file killed ; 6 rank and file 
 wounded. 
 
 30th Regiment Native Infantry — 3 rank and file wounded. 
 
 56th Regiment Native Infantry — 1 rank and file wounded. 
 
 Total — 1 European officer, 4 sergeants or havildars, 27 
 rank and file, 1 horse, killed ; 11 European officers, 5 
 native ditto, 23 sergeants or havildars, 286 rank and 
 file, 1 lascar, 1 horse, wounded ; 3 rank and file 
 missing. 
 
 3rd Infantry Division, 5th Brigade. 
 25th Regiment Native Infantry — 1 rank and file killed ; 2 
 rank and file wounded. 
 
 7th Brigade. 
 H. M.'s 61st Foot — 9 rank and file wounded. 
 36th Regiment Native Infantry — 1 trumpeter, 3 rank and 
 
 file, killed ; 2 havildars, 7 rank and file, wounded. 
 Total — 1 trumpeter, 4 rank and file, killed ; 2 sergeants 
 
 or havildars, 18 rank and file, wounded. 
 
 Bombay Division. 
 
 3rd Troop Horse Artillery — 1 horse killed. 
 
 Scinde Irregular Horse — 1 havHdar, 1 rank and file, 24 
 horses, killed ; 1 native officer, 1 havildar, 10 rank 
 and file, 11 horses, wounded. 
 
 Total — 1 sergeant or havildar, 1 i-ank and file, 25 horses, 
 killed ; 1 native officer, 1 sergeant or havildar, 10 
 rank and file, 11 horses, wounded. 
 
 Grand Total — 5 European officers, 1 native ditto, 6 ser- 
 geants or havildars, 1 trumpeter, 76 rank and file,
 
 240 APPENDIX F. 
 
 2 lascars, 1 syce-driver, 4 syces, 143 horses or bullocks, 
 killed; 24 European officers, 14 native ditto, 1 provost 
 marshal, 40 sergeants or havildars, 2 trumpeters, 
 599 rank and file, 11 lascars, 8 syce-drivers, 7 syces 
 or gi-ass-cutters, 68 horses or bullocks, wounded ; 4 
 rank and file, 1 syce, 19 horses or bullocks, missing. 
 
 Nominal List op European Ofpicees. 
 
 General Staff — Wounded, Provost-Marshal S. Budd, 
 
 severely. 
 
 Artillery Division. 
 4th Troop, 3rd Brigade Horse Artillery — Killed, Captain 
 
 J. Anderson. 
 1st Company, 1st Battalion Artillery — Killed, Second 
 
 Lieutenant E. W. Day. 
 1st Company, 4th Battalion Artillery — Wounded, Captain 
 
 and Brevet-Major Sir R. C. Shakespear. 
 Corps of Engineers — Wounded, Second Lieutenant B. M. 
 
 Hutchinson, very severely, leg amputated. 
 
 Cavalry Division. 
 H. M.'s 14th Light Dragoons — Killed, Lieutenant A. 
 
 Lloyd ; Wounded, Captain J. H. Goddard, severely ; 
 
 Captain A. Scudamore, dangerously. 
 5th Regiment Light Cavalry — Wounded, Lieutenant H. J. 
 
 Stannus, severely. 
 
 1st Infantry Division. 
 H. M.'s 10th Foot— Wounded, Captain R. M. Best, slightly. 
 H. M.'s 32nd Foot — Wounded, Lieutenant G. Jeffrey, 
 
 slightly, 
 8th Regiment Native Infantry — Killed, Lieutenant R. 
 
 Cox; Wounded, Major G. Farquharson, dangerously; 
 
 Ensign G. H. Griffiths, severely.
 
 APPENDIX F. 
 
 241 
 
 51st Regiment Native Infantry — Wounded, Lieutenant T. 
 
 C. Darnell, severely. 
 52nd Regiment Native Infantry — Wounded, Captain J. 
 
 W. H. Jamieson, severe contusion ; Lieutenant W. H. 
 
 Lowther, ditto : Lieutenant G. R. Smith, ditto. 
 
 2nd Infantry Division. 
 2nd European Regiment — Killed, Lieutenant G. H. 
 Sprott ; Wounded, Captain A. Boyd, slightly ; Lieu- 
 tenant A. Elderton, ditto ; Ensign A. D. Toogood, 
 ditto ; Ensign D. A. Sandford, ditto ; Ensign J. C. S. 
 Matheson, ditto. 
 31st Regiment Native Infantry — Wounded, Ensign F. J. 
 
 Grully, slightly. 
 70th Regiment Native Infantry — Wounded, Major J. K. 
 McCausland, severely ; Brevet Captain C. L. Edwards, 
 slightly ; Lieutenant A. Fytche, ditto ; Ensign R. C. 
 Whiting, severely ; Ensign C. Murray, slightly. 
 (Signed) Pat. Crant, Lieut. -Colonel, 
 
 Adjutant-General of the Army. 
 
 List of Ordnance captured from the Enemy, in the Action at 
 Goojerat, on the 21st February 1849. 
 
 Camp Goojerat, February 22, 1849. 
 
 No. Nature of Ordnance. 
 
 1 Brass Gun . . 16-pounder 
 6-pounder 
 9-pounder 
 8-pounder 
 9-pounder 
 8-pounder 
 8-pounder 
 3- pounder 
 8-pounder 
 
 No. Nature of Ordnance. 
 
 30 Brass Gun . . 6-pounder 
 6-pounder 
 8-pounder 
 8-pounder 
 8-pounder 
 8-pounder 
 8-pounder 
 8-pounder 
 8-pounder 
 
 16 
 
 35 
 
 40
 
 1242 
 
 APPENDIX F. 
 
 10 Brass Gun . 
 
 12-pounder 
 
 41 Brass Gun. . 7|-pounder 
 
 
 9-pounder 
 
 42 „ 7|-pounder 
 
 
 18-pounder 
 
 1 Brass Howitzer 
 
 
 8-pounder 
 
 5> 
 
 
 9-pounder 
 
 )> 
 
 15 " 
 
 8-pounder 
 
 5> 
 
 
 2-pounder 
 
 5 
 
 
 7-pounder 
 
 j» 
 
 
 8-pounder 
 
 3> 
 
 
 8-pounder 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 2-pouuder 
 
 1 Brass Mortar 
 
 
 8-pounder 
 
 » 
 
 
 16-pounder 
 
 3 
 
 
 8-pounder 
 
 »> 
 
 
 9-pounder 
 
 53 Total pieces of ordnance 
 
 25 
 
 8-pounder 
 
 — captured. 
 
 
 6-pounder 
 
 17 Ammunition tumbrils 
 
 
 6-pounder 
 
 unserviceable. 
 
 
 8-pounder 
 
 
 
 7-pounder 
 
 A considerable number of 
 
 30 " 
 
 6-pounder 
 
 tumbrils were also blown 
 
 
 7-pounder 
 
 up and otherwise de- 
 
 stroyed. 
 (Signed) J. Abeecrombie, Captaia, 
 
 Deputy Assistant Adj. -Gen., Artillery. 
 (Signed) J. Tenant, Brigadier-Gen., 
 
 Commanding Artillery Division. 
 
 Notification. 
 
 Foreign Department, Camp Ferozepore, 
 March 10, 1849. 
 In the General Order, dated 1st March, publishing the 
 details of the action at Goojerat, the name of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Birch (Judge-Advocate-General) having been
 
 APPENDIX F. 243 
 
 inadvertently omitted, the Right Hon. the Oovernor- 
 General is j^leased to direct that, in that part of the Ge- 
 neral Order in which the Ofl&cers of the General Staff of the 
 Army are thanked, the name of Lieutenant-Colonel Birch 
 be inserted immediately after the name of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Garden, C.B. 
 
 (Signed) H. M. Elliot, 
 
 Secretary to the Government of India, 
 with the Governor- General. 
 (Signed) J. Stuart, Colonel, 
 
 Secretary to the Government of India, Military 
 Department, with the Governor- General. 
 
 General Order by the Eight Hon. the Governor- 
 General OF India. 
 Foreign Department, Camp Ferozepore, 
 
 March 17,1849. . (-. 
 
 The Governor-General has the utmost satisfaction in x^ 
 
 directing that the despatches which he has this day re- 
 ceived from his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, and 
 from Major-General Sir Walter Gilbert, K.C.B,, be pub- 
 lished for the information of the army and of the people 
 of India. 
 
 The British subjects, who were prisoners in the hands 
 of the enemy, have all returned in safety. 
 
 On the 14th instant. Sirdar Chutter Sing, Eajah Sherej lL( 
 Sing, and the jiriiicipal Sikh Sirdars and Chiefs, delivered! ^"^ , 
 their swords into the hand of Major-General Sir WaltejJ JU— -" 
 Gilbert. 
 
 Forty-one pieces of artillery were at the same time sur- ■ 
 rendered ; and the remains of the Sikh army, to the | 
 number of 16,000 men, laid down their arms in the pre-f 
 sence of the British troops. 
 
 The Governor-General offers to his Excellency the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, to Major-General Gilbert, and to the <' 
 
 ' 16 A 
 
 'H^'xAA;^'
 
 244 APPENDIX F. 
 
 whole army, his heartfelt congratulations on this glorious 
 J J result of the battle of Goojerat, and of the operations 
 "^"^^ ^subsequent to it, so admirably conducted by the Major- 
 ^^L^^-^ j General, in fulfilment of his Excellency's instructions. 
 
 ■* But the war is not yet concluded ; nor can there be any 
 cessation of hostilities until Dost Mahomed Khan and the 
 ., Affghan army are either driven from the province of 
 >^^ ■ I Peshawur, or destroyed within it. 
 
 The British army has already resumed its march upon 
 Attok ; and the Governor- General confidently hopes, that 
 the entire success which, with God's blessing, will attend 
 it, may enable him soon to announce the restoration of 
 peace. 
 
 The Governor- General directs that, in honour of the 
 important events which have now been notified, a salute of 
 21 guns be fired from every principal station of the army 
 in India. 
 
 By order of the Right Honourable the Governor- General 
 of India. 
 
 (Signed) H. M. Elliot, 
 Secretary to the Government of India, 
 with the Governor-General. 
 
 From the Bt. Hon. the Commander-in-Chief to the Rt. Hon. 
 
 the Governor- General of India, &c., &c. 
 
 Dated Head-Quarters, Camp Kuttala, 
 March 16, 1849. 
 My Lord, — I have the greatest gratification in reporting 
 to your Lordship the further happy results of the decisive 
 victory obtained at Goojerat on the 21st ultimo. 
 
 Major-General Sir Walter Gilbert, with that energy and 
 judgment which induced me to select him to conduct the 
 ulterior operations subsequent to that action, has well ful-
 
 APPENDIX F. 246 
 
 filled the trust reposed in him, by rapidly pressing the 
 routed enemy, which has led to their unqualified sub- 
 mission, the surrender of their remaining guns, and about 
 16,000 stand of arms, all of which are now in our posses- 
 sion ; and I rejoice to add, that this fortunate con- 
 summation has been obtained without a single shot being 
 fired. 
 
 The whole of the Sikh force, with their Sirdars, have 
 now come in, with the exception of Bhae Maharaj and^ '3^ 
 Colonel Richjiaul Sing, who have absconded, but without l^j 
 followers. 
 
 "We have now ia our possession 56 guns taken at 
 Goojerat and abandoned by the enemy in his retreat on 
 the 21st February ; 40 surrendered to Major-Greneral Sir 
 Walter Gilbert since that event ; 12 captured at Chillian- 
 wallah, and 50 at Mooltan, making a total of 158 pieces of ^ i > ^ 
 ordnance which have fallen into our hands during the a— <^ 
 present cami)aign. V 
 
 Again heartily congratulating your Lordship at this 
 most satisfactory termination of the Sikh war, 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) Gough, General. 
 
 N"o. 282. 
 
 From Major- General Sir W. R. Gilbert, K.C.B., Commanding 
 Field Force, on Special Service, to H. M. Elliot, Esq., 
 Secretary to the Government of India, with tJie Governor- 
 General. 
 
 Dated Camp Rawul Pindee, March 14, 1849. 
 Sir, — Since I addressed you on the 11th instant, from 
 Hoormuck, I have advanced to Rawul Pindee, which place 
 I reached to-day. I have now the high gratification of
 
 246 APPENDIX F. 
 
 reporting for the information of the Eight Honourable 
 the Governor- General of India, that the disarmament of 
 the Sikh army, commenced at Manikyalla, has been this 
 day comj)leted by the surrender of their swords, by the 
 Sikh Sirdars, in presence of the commanding ofl&cers of 
 divisions and brigades and their staff. 
 
 The total number of guns surrendered is 41, of which a 
 return shall be forwarded hereafter ; and the number of 
 stands of arms laid down before the force under my com- 
 mand is about 16,000. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) W. E. Gilbeet, Major-Gen. 
 Commanding Field Force, on Special Service. 
 (True Copies.) 
 (Signed) H. M. Elliot, 
 Secretary to the Government of India, 
 with the Governor- General. 
 (Signed) J. Stuart, Colonel, 
 Secretary to the Government of India, Military 
 Department, with the Governor- General. 
 
 General Order by the Eight Hon. the Governor- 
 General OF India. 
 
 Foreign Department, Camp Ferozepore, 
 / April 2, 1849. 
 
 The Governor- General has the gratification of pub- 
 lishing for general information, despatches which have 
 been received from His Excellency the Commander-in- 
 Chief and from Major- General Sir Walter Gilbert, K.C.B., 
 announcing the termination of hostilities jn the Punjaub. 
 ^ The Governor-General declared that before the^war 
 ■(Could cease, every enemy, whether Sikh or Affghan, should 
 ^^ be driven from before us ; and the British army has well 
 and gallantly made good his words.
 
 APPENDIX F. 247 
 
 The Sikh Sirdars and the remnant of their army were 
 pursued, have surrendered, and have been disarmed. 
 
 The Ameer of Cabul with his troops has fled before the 
 British force, and has been chased ignominiously from the 
 territories he invaded. 
 
 The war has thus been brought to an end, and the Pun- 
 jaub has been declared a portion of the British Empire in 
 India. 
 
 Once again the Governor-General offers to His Excel- 
 lency the Commander-in-Chief, to the general officers, the 
 officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers of the 
 army, the assurance of his deep and unfeigned gratitude 
 for the great services they have rendered to the countryn jfitH/ 
 . \ by the zeal and_galiaJlti:.S-they displayed, and for tlie sus-' 
 n \ tained anxTclieerful exertions they have made. 
 •3 1 In anticipation of the wishes of the Honourable Coui't 
 ^ of Directors, the Governor-General will grant to every 
 officer and soldier who has been employed within the 
 Punjaub in this cam- aign, to the date of the occupation 
 of Peshawur, a medal, bearing the word " Punjaub," in 
 commemoration of the honourable service they have done. 
 
 The Governor- General is also pleased to direct that 
 every corps which has been so employed shall bear the 
 same word on their standards, colours, and appoint- 
 ments. 
 
 The Governor- General desires to take the opportunity of 
 acknowledging his obligations to officers who have been 
 serving in various positions connected with the army in 
 the field. 
 
 The Governor- General is sensible of the zeal and activity 
 of Major-General Sir D. Hill, K.C.B., commanding the 
 reserve : and he would have looked with confidence to his 
 services if the division under his command had been called 
 into operation. 
 
 Brigadier- General Wheeler, C.B., has executed the
 
 248 APPENDIX F. 
 
 several duties which have been committed to him with 
 skill and success ; and the Governor- G-eneral has been 
 happy to convey to him his thanks. 
 
 The Governor- General is indebted to Brigadier Stalker, 
 commanding at Mooltan, for the successful exertions 
 which have been made under his directions, for placing 
 the fort again in a condition of defence, and for main- 
 taining the tranquillity of the country. 
 
 The Governor- General begs to acknowledge the service 
 which has been rendered by Lieut.-Colonel McSherry, 1st 
 IS". I., commanding at Govindgurb . The energy, vigilance, 
 and tact which he exhibited during his occupation of that 
 ^^^^- important fortress, have been of much value to the Go- 
 vernment of India. 
 
 From Sir F. Currie, Baronet, Resident at Lahore, pre- 
 viously to his return to his seat in Council, the Governor- 
 General received at all times effective and most ready 
 co-operation; and he has continued to receive from Lieut.- 
 Colonel Sir H. Lawrence, K.C.B., the support which his 
 I known a bility an d experience enabled him to afford. 
 -? The meritorious conduct of the several assistants to the 
 
 Resident has elicited the strong approbation of the 
 Government. In addition to those whom he has before 
 named, the Governor-General offers his especial thanks to 
 Major George Lawrence, for the able management which 
 so long enabled him to maintain his position at Peshawur, 
 and to Captain James Abbott for the gallant stand he has 
 made in the hills at Huzara. 
 
 Lieut. Taylor has earned the full approbation of the 
 . I Government by his judicious and persevering efforts 
 
 I which regained and have held the provmce of Bunnoo. 
 
 y\ The sustained defence of the Fort at Attock, which was 
 
 made by Lieut. Herbert, under circumstances of great 
 
 difficulty, has been viewed by the Government of India 
 
 with admiration, and entitled him to their warmest praise.
 
 APPENDIX F. 249 
 
 Mr. John Lawrence, Commissioner of tlie Trans-Sutlej 
 Province, has received the thanks of the Governor- 
 General. Well seconded by his assistants in the district, 
 he has greatly contributed by his promplitiide, energy, ^^^ 
 and fir mness to the maintenance of the general tranquillity 2^ 
 which has j)revailed in these newly acquired territories. 
 
 The Governor- General especially wishes to record his 
 marked approbation of the manner in which Major Macke- 
 son, C.B., as his agent with the army, has discharged the 
 duties which were entrusted to him. In the important 
 political matters in which he has been engaged, Major 
 Mackeson's proceedings have been distinguished by '/ 
 ability, judgement discretion and firmness ; and the 2- 
 Governor-General begs to convey to him the expression "^ 
 of his unqualified satisfaction. ' 
 
 The Governor-General concludes by tendering to the 
 ofiicers of the Government in his camp, sincere thanks for 
 the assistance he has at all times received from them. 
 
 He particularly desires^to express his obligation to Mr. 
 Henry Elliot, Secretary to the Government of India, for 
 his very able^ laborious, and most valiiable aid in the im- *, 
 portant affairs wliirh ocupied the Governor-General's at- 
 tention : — and to Colonel Stuart, C.B., Military Secretary 
 to the Government of India, and to Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Benson, C.B., Member of the Military Board with the 
 Governor-General, for the great assistance he has derived 
 from their experience and judgment in the affairs of their 
 respective departments. 
 
 While thus congratulating the army and British subjects 
 in India on the triumphant success which has been . .^ 
 achieved, the Governor-General desires humbly to acknow- f 
 ledge the HandJ\y which alone all victory is given. 
 
 He has accordingly intimated to the Lord Bishop his 
 wish that, on the first Sunday in May, thanksgivings shall 
 be offered to Almighty God, for the successful termiiiati<»u yf 
 
 /i^
 
 250 APPENDIX P. 
 
 of the war in which we have been engaged, and for the 
 restoration to the people of the blessings of peace. 
 
 By order of the Eight Honourable the Governor-General 
 of India. 
 
 (Signed) H. M. Elliot, 
 Secretary to the Government of India, 
 with the Governor-General. 
 
 (Copies.) 
 
 From H. E. the Commander-in-Chief, to the Bight Hon. the 
 
 Governor-General of India. 
 
 Head-Quarters, Camp, Army of the Punjaub, 
 Wuzeerabad, March 25, 1849. 
 
 My Lord, — I have sincere satisfaction in forwarding to 
 your Lordship a copy of a despatch received this day from 
 Major-General Sir Walter E. Gilbert, K.C.B., commanding 
 the advanced force of this army, No. 291, of the 21st in- 
 stant, announcing the occupation of Peshawur by the 
 British troops, the precipitate retreat of the Ameer Dost 
 Mahomed Khan and his followers beyond the Khyber 
 Pass, and the consequent dissolution of the Affghan con- 
 federacy. These brilliant results have been obtained, 
 your Lordship will observe, without a single shot being 
 fired by our troops since the victory of Goojerat on the 
 21st ultimo. 
 
 It is almost superfluous for me to repeat to your Lord- 
 ship how very highly I estimate the unwearied and 
 zealous exertions in these subsequent movements of that 
 most energetic and able oflicer Major- General Gilbeii;, 
 and the excellent troops under his command. 
 
 In soliciting your Lordship's particular attention to 
 Major-General Gilbert's commendation of Major F. Mac- 
 keson, C.B., your Lordship's agent with the force, I beg
 
 APPENDIX F. 261 
 
 to repeat the high sense I entertain of that officer's merits 
 and the excellent service he has rendered throughout the 
 campaign. 
 
 The Sikh rebenion__andAifghan__confedera£^ 
 been now effectually put down and overthrown, I beg to 
 be favoured with your Lordship's instructions for breaking 
 up the army of the Punjaub, which has, I trust, merited 
 the approbation of your Lordship and the country. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) Gough, General, 
 
 Commander-in-Chief in Lidia. 
 
 No. 291. 
 From Major- General Sir W. B. Gilbert, K.C.B., Commanding 
 Field Force on Special Service, to the Adjutant- General 
 of the Army. "" 
 
 Camp Peshawur, March 21, 1849. 
 
 Sir, — I advanced this morning from Nowshyra to* 
 Peshawur with the Bengal division of my force, and. have 
 much satisfaction in reporting, for the information of his 
 Excellency the Eight Honourable the Commander-in- 
 Chief, that I am in possession of the city of Peshawur 
 and its Balla Hissar. 
 
 The Affghan army under command of Ameer Dost 
 Mahomed Khan retreated from Peshawur on the 19th 
 instant, and is to-day reported to have reached Dakka, on 
 the western side of the Khyber Pass. The city I found 
 untouched by the Affghans, the Ameer having directed 
 the gates to be closed against his troops ; but most of the 
 garden houses in its neighbourhood have been burnt or 
 otherwise rendered uninhabitable, and the Sikh Canton- 
 ment at Alii Mardan Khan's Bagh, has been burnt to the 
 ground ; the fort of Jumrood is also reported to be destroyed. ; 
 
 By the expulsion from the province of Peshawur of the ' '- ' 
 Ameer and his army, I have carried to a successful con- §
 
 252 APPENDIX F. 
 
 elusion the whole of the instructions of the Eight 
 Honourable the Governor- General of India, conveyed to 
 me through his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, with 
 your letter of the 3rd March instant. 
 j \j The Sikhs have been humbled and their power crushed ; 
 the British prisoners released from an irksome captivity ; 
 and the rich province of Peshawur freed from its Maho- 
 medan invaders. To my troops I am indebted, iinder 
 Providence, for these glorious results. Since the 1st of 
 the month they have marched from the Jhelum to the 
 Indus and Peshawur, crossing both rivers under many 
 disadvantages, and overcoming all the obstacles of the 
 road, which are naturally great, and were much enhanced 
 by our large train of stores and baggage — the necessary 
 incumbrances of a force like this. To both of&cers and 
 men I am deeply indebted for their cheerful endurance of 
 the fatigues and privations to which all have been exposed. 
 I cannot permit myself to conclude this report of my 
 arrival at Peshawur, without expressing to his Lordship 
 my sense of the valuable services rendered me by Major 
 F. Mackeson, C.B., who accompanies the force as agent of 
 the Governor-Genei'al. I am jmrticularly indebted to him 
 for his ready assistance, and for the unwearied and unre- 
 mitting zeal with which he has performed the important 
 duties of his office. To his cool judgment and unswerving 
 decision of purpose, I owe much of the success that has 
 attended the progress of my force. 
 
 From my staff, generally, I have received every assistance. 
 (True Copy.) 
 (Signed) P. Grant, Lieut.-Col., 
 
 Adjutant- General of the Army. 
 (True Copies.) 
 (Signed) H. M. Elliot, 
 Secretary to the Government of India, 
 with the Governor- General.
 
 APPENDIX F. 253 
 
 Notification. 
 Foreign Department, Camp Ferozepore, Marcn 30. 
 The Grovernor-General is pleased to direct that the ac- 
 companying proclamation, by which the Punjaub is de- 
 clared to be a portion of the British Empire in India, be 
 published for general information, and that a royal salute 
 be fired at every principal station of the army on the 
 receipt thereof. 
 
 By order of the Right Honourable the Governor- 
 General of India. 
 
 (Signed) P. Mel v;li^ 
 Under-Secretary to the Government o India, 
 with the Governor-General. 
 
 Proclamation. 
 
 For many years in the time of Maharajah Runjeet Sing, 
 peace and friendship prevailed between the British nation 
 and the Sikhs. 
 
 When Runjeet Sing was dead, and his wisdom no longer 
 guided the counsels of the state, the Sirdars and the 
 Khalsa army without provocation and without cause, 
 suddenly invaded the British territories. Their army 
 was again and again defeated ; they were di'iven with 
 slaughter and in shame from the country they had in- 
 vaded, and at the gates of Lahore the Maharajah Duleep 
 Sing tendered to the Governor- General the submission of 
 himself and his chiefs, and solicited the clemency of the 
 British Government. 
 
 The Governor-General extended the clemency of his 
 government to the state of Lahore. He generously spared | 
 the kingdom which he had acqiiired a just right tcTsuL- J 
 vert ; and the Maharajah having teen placed on^ the 
 throne, treaties of friendship were formed between the 
 states.
 
 254 APPENDIX F. 
 
 The British have faithfully kept their word, and have 
 scrupulously observed every obligation which the treaties 
 imposed upon them. 
 
 But the Sikh people and their chiefs have, on their part, 
 grossly and faithlessly violated the promises by which 
 they were bound. 
 
 Of their annual tribute no portion whatever has at any 
 ^ . time been paid, and largeJ^2aiiS_JLdyanced to them by the 
 ,.,-^-»-^' Government of India have never been repaid. 
 
 The control of the British Government, to which they 
 voluntarily submitted themselves, has been resisted by arms. 
 
 Peace has been cast aside. British officers have been 
 murdered when acting for the State. Others engaged in 
 the like employment have treacherously been thrown into 
 captivity. Finally, the army of the State and the whole 
 Sikh people, joined by many of the Sirdars in the Punjaub 
 who signed the treaties, and led by a member of the 
 regency itself, have risen in arms against us, and have 
 waged a fierce and bloody war for the proclaimed purpose 
 of destroying the British and their power. 
 I '^t The Government of India formerly declared that it de- 
 £5^ ''sired no further conquest; audit proved by its acts the 
 sincerity of its professions. 
 
 The Government of India has no desire for conquest 
 \ now : but it is bound in its duty to provide fully for its 
 Jt^ own security, and to guard the interests of those com- 
 mitted to its charge. 
 
 To that end, and as the only sure mode of protecting 
 the State from the perpetual recurrence of unprovoked 
 and wasting wars, the Governor- General is compelled to 
 resolve upon the entire subjection of a people, whom their 
 own Government has long been unable to control — and 
 whom (as events have now shown) no punishment can 
 deter from violence, no acts of friendship can conciliate to 
 ' * peace.
 
 APPENDIX F. 255 
 
 Wherefore, the Govemor-General of India has declared, 
 and hereby proclaims, that the kingdom of the Punjaub 
 is at an end : and that all the territories of Maharajah 
 Duleep Sing are now and henceforth a portion of the 
 British Empire iiL India. 
 
 His Highness the Maharajah, shall be treated with 
 consideration and with honour. 
 
 The few Chiefs who have not engaged in hostilities 
 against the British, shall retain their property and their 
 rank. 
 
 The British GTovemment will leave to all the people, 
 whether Mussalmen. Hindoo, or Sikh, the free exercise of 
 their own religions : but it will not permit any man to in- 
 terfere with others in the observance of such forms and 
 customs as their respective religions may either enjoin or 
 permit. 
 
 The Jagheers and all the property of Sirdars or others,/,- 
 who have been in arms against the British, shall be conw ' 
 fiscated to the State. •*s<,/ 
 
 The defences of every fortified place in the Punjaub 
 which is not occupied by "British troops shall be totally , 
 destroyed : and effectual measures shall be taken to de- r y'C^-^ 
 prive the people of the means of renewing either tumult ''^.^— • 
 or war. 
 
 The Governor-General calls upon all the inhabitants of , 
 the Punjaub — Sirdars and peo ple — to submit themselves / J> 
 peaceably to the autEority of the British Government "• 
 which has hereby been proclaimed. 
 
 Over those who shall live as obedient and peaceful sub- 
 jects of the State, the British Government will rule with 
 mildness and beneficence. 
 
 But if resistance to constituted authority shall again bo 
 attempted ; if violence and turbulence shall be renewed 
 the Governor- General warns the people of the Punjaub 
 that the time for leniency will then have passed away,[
 
 266 9 , APPENDIX F. 
 
 and that their offence will be punished with prompt and 
 most rigorous severity. 
 
 By order of the Eight Honourable the Grovemor-G-eneral 
 of India. 
 
 (Signed) H. M. Elliot, 
 Secretary to the Government of India, 
 with the Governor-General. 
 Head-Quarters, Camp Ferozepore, March 29, 1849. 
 
 The Battle of Chillianwallah. 
 
 A List of Non-commissioned Officers and Privates killed 
 in action at Chillianwallah, on 13th January, 1849, or 
 who subsequently died of their wounds ; also a list of 
 those missing. 
 
 3rd Light Dragoons. 
 
 Killed. — Serg. D. Thompson ; Privates, A. Barry, N. 
 Brett, J. Collins, J. Coomber, W. D. Digges, E. Griffiths, 
 J, Hart, J. S. Hamilton, H. Hale, J. Hunt, E. Johnston, 
 W. Langston, J. Markey, E. Marshall, E. McEnermy, G. 
 Milligan, E. Norton, W. Pilbeam, E. Eeed, O. Eegan, J. 
 Slade, W. Swan, J. Thyer. 
 
 9th Lancers. 
 
 Killed. — Lance- Serg. E. Calcutt ; Privates E. Dalton, J. 
 J. Cunniam, A. Matthews. 
 
 14th Light Dragoons. 
 Killed. — Privates G. Atkins, D. Evans, G. Tookey. 
 
 24th Foot. 
 Killed. — Serg. Maj. J. Coffee, Colour-Serg. W. Davies, 
 Sergs. T. Lear, J. Webster ; Corps. G. Fames, J. Sherriff ; 
 Privates W. Allsworth, J. Amos, J. Bowman, J. Burgess, 
 J. Butcher, T. Byrne, T. Carpenter, S. Carter, W. Cuthbert, 
 G. Dean, P. Fowlk, G. George, G. Hardman, J. Henshaw.
 
 APPENDIX F. 257 
 
 J. Horsfall, T. Hughes, J. Intin, T. Joljlin, W. Lakin, C. 
 Lander, P. McColey, J. McEeary, T. Merchant, T. Pocock, 
 E. Porter, W. Selby, J. Sharp, P. Westneat, D. Wheeler, 
 W. WilUs (1st), S.Andrews, J. Bailey, G. Bird, J. Byers, 
 E. Campbell, D. Clifford, E. John Coates, E. Cockerton, 
 W. Coult, T. J. O'Douoghue, G. Eagan, J. Fergusson, W. 
 Fletcher, G. Harrison, W. Hobson, D. Houlston, E. Indie, 
 T. Mackey, B. Magill, C. Mayo, C. Mitchell, J. O'Connor, 
 N. Pulling, T. Eegan, C. Eochford, W. Eyder, G. Saun- 
 ders, J. Wakefield, J. Warren (2nd), W. Welton, J. Wil- 
 liams, E. Windle, J. Armett, W. H. Bailey, W. Barnett, 
 E. Barr, C. Barnes, E. Burchett, W. Bone, J. Brewer, H. 
 Cork, E. Everest, M. Green, J. Hanlon, J. Haston, S. Smith, 
 W. Sladen, J. Tebble, J. Slattery, W. Walsh, H. Wright- 
 man; Corps. W. Pattenden, W. Eunchey; Pi'ivates P. 
 Dales, J. Delmage, T. Ellice, W. Giles, J. Goodchild, T. 
 Grandy, E. Harding, W. Hopkins, J. Kelly, J. McMullin, 
 J. Mohan, M. Moore, T. Morrish, J. Newman, W. Oakley, 
 T. Osborne, T. Parker, P. Quirk, J. Eoxberry, J. Saunders, 
 W. Seirs, J. Somersgill, J. Townend, C. Whitehead, T. 
 Biddle, S. Bingham, J. Connelly, J. Dudley, J. Kenning, 
 0. Loyd, T. List, J. Walker, F. Battlestone, J. Eginton, J. 
 Elliott, S. English, H. Earner, C. Green, W. Gardner, T. 
 Hanscombe, C. Lawrence, W. Pearson, T. Priest, W. 
 Eampling, T. Eobinson, T. Savage, J. Morton, J. Lake, T. 
 Eostert, E. Shea, G. Smith, J. Tyers ; Corp. J. Wilkes; 
 Drum. E. Doughty ; Px-ivates T. Atkinson, J. Burton, J. 
 McCullock, H. Meeds, J. Pratt, J. Terry, J. Tulley ; Corp. 
 H. Webb; Privates W. S. Duffan, J. Edwards, W.* Francis, 
 G. Harris, J. Hicks, W. Jervis, E. Johnson, T. Kelson, J. 
 King, J. Pittman, D. Shea, C. Simson, J. Twigg, W. Smith, 
 J. Welch, A. Whittell, W. Tobyn ; Corp. F. Howell ; Pri- 
 vates E. Edmonds, W. Ebeniely, J. Euright, J. Flinn, P. 
 FUnn, G. Gibson, J. Hill, T. S. Hall, W. Hucker, B. John- 
 
 17
 
 268 APPENDIX ¥. 
 
 son, J. Lamb, J. Murphy, J. Overton, J. Patience, R. Pratt, 
 J. Riddle, J. Sliaw, W. Grover Simmonds, W. Thompson. 
 
 Died of Wourids. — Corp. W. Bugden ; Privates J. Haw- 
 kins, J. Morris, J. Attwell. 
 
 Missing. — Privates G. Barrington, J. Barry, J. Brad- 
 brook, G. Evans, E. Fry, C. Lancaster, W. H. Medlam, M. 
 Whealan, R. Sandford, J. Wood, T. Chappie, W. Nevard, 
 [^ W. Nicols, J. Carrier, J. Clarke, W. Cross, B. Henry, F. 
 Lang, R. Lang, E. Meade, J. Phillips, J. Sovatian, G. 
 Worley, J. Bentley, M. Betson, T. Cleenen, P. Devaney, J. 
 Killeen, P. Murphy, R. Smith, T. Cresswell, P. Managan, 
 T. Murphy, A. Weldon, J. Hunter, T. Lancaster. 
 
 29th Regiment. 
 
 Killed. — Serg. P. Carey, R. Long; Privates T. Bvinting, 
 R. Beech, C. Buckley, J. Campbell, E. Cooney, P. Cotter, 
 P. Dempsey, B. Dailey, J. Donovan, J. Darmon, H. Daw- 
 kins, J. Fidler, J. Farnol, E. Guest, J. Gostiler, W. Giles, 
 M. Hopkins, J. Hussey, G. Haggitt, W. Jenkins, T. Mar- 
 riott, D. McDermott, C. McGlaughlin, T. Mullin, J. Mayo, 
 W. Naylor, W. Pratt, J. Shenton, J. Twamblay, J. Taylor, 
 T. Walsh, J. Wildbore, S. Walker. 
 
 Died of Wounds. — Corp. G. Taylor; Pzivates A. Brown, 
 G. Cathey, A. Dunn, R. Hodder, J. Hooper, M. Hadfield, 
 T. Kenneil, H. Souter, H. Smart. 
 
 Missing. — Privates T. Taylor, T. Vornem. 
 
 61st Regiment. 
 
 Killed. — Corp. G. Handlon; Privates W. Foster, J. Ma- 
 son, R. Sherwood, T. Tuckwell, J. White, J. Humes, W. 
 Jones, W. Gray, D. Tuckley, H. Johnson. 
 
 Died of Wounds. — Private E. Egan.
 
 APPENDIX F. 259 
 
 LOED GOUGH'S "FAEEWELL." 
 
 General Order of the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Head-Quarters, Camp Skahdera, near Lahore. 
 March 31, 1849. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief in India annovmces his fare- 
 well and adieu to the Army of the Punjaub. 
 
 The troops which, since October, have been in arms 
 under his command, are dispersed to their respective can- 
 tonments, and on this, the last occasion of addressing 
 them, Lord Gough desires to place on record his sense of 
 the great services and exertions through which the sway 
 of British India has been now extended over the broad 
 plains and^dassic rivers and cities of this kingdom. The 
 tide of conquest, which heretofore rolleiL on the Pun j a ub" 
 fro m the wQs t. has at length reached and overcome it 
 from the eas t ; and that which Alexand er attej Bpted the 
 British Indian army has acco m].)hshe cTr It is with no 
 common pride that the Commander-in-Chief applauds the 
 conduct and the valour which have led to so glorious a 
 result. -''■^~- . 
 
 The favour and approbation of the country and Govern- 
 ment will, without doubt, mark enduringly the estimate 
 entertained of its desert ; and no time will efface from the 
 memory of this army, and every true soldier in the field, 
 the high sense of triumph and of the glory with which 
 this campaign has terminated. Undismayed by stern 
 opposition, imtired by the procrastinations and delays 
 which circumstances forcibly imposed, or by the great 
 labours and exposure which have been borne so manfully, 
 the army has emerged with a fame and a brightness only 
 the more marked by the trying nature of its previous toils 
 and endurances. The mere battle-day, when every glowing
 
 260 APPEXDTX F. 
 
 feeling of the soldier and gentleman is called into action, 
 will ever be encountered nobly where British arms are 
 engaged ; but it is in the privations, the difficulties, and end- 
 less toils of war that the trial of an army consists ; and it 
 is these which denote its metal and show of what material 
 it is formed. 
 
 Since the day when at Ramnugger the too hasty ar dour 
 I J and enthusiasm of the troops first gave signal o^the 
 ^ \ determined character of the war, and of the fierceness 
 ■ with which a mistaken but brave enemy were bent to 
 oppose the progress of our arms, till now that a crushing 
 and overwhelming victory has prostrated at the feet of 
 'y our ruler and his government an independent, a proud, 
 \ and a warlike people, Lord Gough, relying upon British 
 ] courage and endurance, has never for one moment enter- 
 tained a doubt of the result, nor yielded, even to adverse 
 chances and circumstances, a lurking fear of the success- 
 ful issue, which true constancy and firmness never fail to 
 attain. The rule which, despite the signal clemency and 
 considerate mercy of the Government, it has nevertheless 
 been found at length necessary to impose upon the Sikhs 
 and their country, has not been thrust upon a defenceless 
 or imresisting people ; their valour, their numbers, their 
 means, and preparation, and the desperate energy with 
 I which, in error and deceived, the Khalsa and Sikh nation 
 ' ;( mustered and ralliedjEor_tlie._st^ggle, have been conspi- 
 cuously apparent ; and the army which, in virtue of a 
 most persistive constancy, has reduced such a race and 
 such troops to submission and obedience, merits well the 
 highest eulogium which Lord Gough can bestow. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief lingers upon the severance of 
 those ties which may have bound liim to that army, the 
 last which in the field it was his duty and his pride to com- 
 mand. Long practice and experience of war and its trj'ing 
 vicissitudes have enabled him to form a just estimate of
 
 APPENDIX F. 261 
 
 the conduct and merit of the troops now being dispersed ; 
 and the ardour, the vi^ihiuce, the endurance, the closinjj 
 and triumphant bravery and discipline, which have 
 marked their path in the Punjaub, will often recur to him 
 in that retirement he is about to seek ; and in which the 
 cares, the earnest exertions, and grave anxieties insepar- 
 able from the duties of high military command, will ba 
 richly recompensed and rewarded by the sense of duty 
 performed, and the consciousness of unwearied and un- 
 compromising devotion to that sovereign and country 
 which, in common with the British Indian army, it will 
 ever be his boast and his pride to have so successfully 
 served. 
 
 To every general, to every individual officer and soldier, 
 European and native, of the army of the Punjaub, Lord 
 Gough finally repeats his cordial and affectionate farewell. 
 Their persons and services are engraven in his heart and 
 affections ; and to those among them who may hereafter, 
 within the brief span of life yet before him, revisit their 
 native country, he tenders the unaffected renewal of that 
 intercourse and friendship which mutual esteem and 
 regard, and mutual dangers and exertions, have produced 
 and established. 
 
 (Signed) Pat. Grant, Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 Adjutant-General of the Army.
 
 EEEATUM. 
 
 Pp. 53, 54, 131, 132. For " Lieut.-Col. Lugard," and 
 " Colonel Liigard," read " Major Lngard, Acting Adju- 
 tant-General Queen's Troops." 
 
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