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THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND 
 
 MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID 
 
 
THESAURUS MEDICAMINUM; 
 
 NEW COLLECTION 
 
 OF 
 
 MEDICAL PRESCPdPTIONS. 
 
C. an<l P. Baldwin, Printers, 
 New Bna^e-stieet, London. 
 
THESAURUS MEDIC AMINUM; 
 
 A 
 
 NEW COLLECTION 
 
 » 
 
 OF 
 
 MEDICAL PRESCRIPTIONS, 
 
 DISTRIBUTED INTO 
 
 TWELVE CLASSES, 
 
 AND 
 ACCOMPANIED WITH 
 PHARMACEUTICAL AND PRACTICAL REMARKS, 
 
 EXHIBITING 
 
 A View of the present State of the Materia Medica and Practice 
 of Physic in this and other Countries. 
 
 THIRD EDITION. 
 
 BY A MEMBER OF 
 
 THE LONDON COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS; 
 
 AND AUTHOR OF " A PRACTICAL SYNOPSIS OF THE MA- 
 TERIA MEDICA, AND MATERIA ALIMENTARIA." 
 
 Hor&on 
 
 PRINTED FOR C. AND R. BALDWIN, NEW BRIDGE-STREET; JOHN 
 MURRAY, FLEET-STREET; AND L. B. SEELEY, AVE-MARIA-LANE. 
 
 1804. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In this Collection now offered for the third 
 time* to the public, the Formulae are distri- 
 buted into classes according to their effects, 
 or, in other words, according to the indica- 
 tions they are required to answer; as, in this 
 mode of arrangement, all those medicines 
 which possess similar virtues are brought 
 under one point of view ; so that, if those 
 which are first tried prove ineffectual, others, 
 suited to fulfil the proposed intention, im- 
 mediately catch the eye of the prescriber. 
 Boerhaave, Cullen, and other systematic 
 writers, who have chosen this mode of ar- 
 rangement, seem to have been too fond of 
 subdividing their classes. In the present 
 volume, all the medicines are referred to 
 twelve general heads, without any subdivi- 
 sions, except in the first and second classes. 
 But as no arrangements of this kind can be 
 perfect, it is not to be expected that every 
 
 * The 1st edition was published in 1791 ', the 2d in 1794. 
 
 a 
 
VI PEEEACE. 
 
 person will be satisfied with that which is 
 here adopted. The title of the last class is 
 taken from Hartman.* It comprehends 
 those remedies which could not be referred 
 to any of the other divisions, and which 
 are commonly known under the name of 
 Specifics, a term that has been here pur- 
 posely avoided, as conveying false and em- 
 pirical notions. 
 
 Wherever they appeared necessary, short 
 comments containing cautions, remarks, and 
 explanations have been added; and upon a 
 few articles, which had not been sufficiently 
 noticed by any of our own writers on the 
 Materia Medica, the observations have been 
 extended to a considerable length. 
 
 Since the publication of the two former 
 editions of this work, material alterations 
 have been made in the nomenclature of the 
 Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia. These alterations 
 have been noticed in their proper places, so 
 far as concerns the titles of the mineral 
 products and chemical preparations; these 
 titles (which express with so much precision 
 
 Hartnianni Formulae Remediorum, Svo Lipsiar, 1799* 
 
PREFACE. VII 
 
 the nature and composition of such sub- 
 stances) are introduced immediately after 
 the synonymous appellations in the London 
 Pharmacopoeia. In regard to the articles 
 belonging to the vegetable kingdom, the old 
 pharmaceutical names of them are still re- 
 tained, as the double names of the Linnaean 
 system are not so easily remembered, and 
 greatly swell out the formula?, which should 
 be expressed in as few words as possible. 
 Add to this, that although many physicians 
 are sufficiently familiar with the botanical 
 names; yet the persons by whom their pre- 
 scriptions are to be compounded, are not, 
 In this respect therefore, science must yield 
 to usage and convenience. 
 
 Not only has the new chemical nomen- 
 clature of the last editions of the London 
 and Edinburgh Pharmacopoeias been substi- 
 tuted in place of the old terms in all the 
 Formulae, but other alterations have been 
 occasionally made, and wherever consider- 
 able, they have been particularly pointed 
 out. Slight deviations from the originals, 
 such, for instance, as the omission of a 
 
 a 2 
 
Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 little syrup, or the substitution of one dis- 
 tilled water for another, are seldom spe- 
 cified; but such variations are generally im- 
 plied by the words " After" " See" and 
 the like. Where the contrary is not ex- 
 pressed, the doses in which the medicines 
 are directed to be taken, are ordinary doses 
 for adults. 
 
 A medical Prescription may be resolved 
 into two parts; the preparative part and 
 the administrative part. The first points out 
 the kind, the number, and the proportion 
 of the several ingredients, together with the 
 mode in which they are to be mixed or 
 combined; the second shews the doses of 
 the preparation, and the times of taking it. 
 Both the one and the other were expressed 
 in English, in the two former editions of 
 this work; but in the present edition, the 
 Editor has been induced to give the pre- 
 parative part in Latin; not only with a view 
 of limiting the circulation of his book to 
 the members of the medical profession, for 
 whose use alone it is designed; but also in 
 order to avoid the ambiguity which attaches 
 
PREEACE. IX 
 
 in very many instances to the English names 
 of plants, and farther to accommodate fo- 
 reigners ; it being presumed that a work of 
 this kind may be useful in other countries 
 as well as our own. Respecting the admi- 
 nistrative part of the Formula?, the same 
 reasons did not apply; hence that part has 
 been printed, as before, in English. 
 
 Definitions of the terms of the several 
 classes, and Tabular Views of the principal 
 articles belonging to each of them, consti- 
 tute what the Editor conceives to be im- 
 provements in the present edition; besides 
 which he may remark that several new ar- 
 ticles are introduced. The number of these 
 might have been considerably extended; 
 but he has purposely omitted many, of which 
 the efficacy is either doubtful or not supe- 
 rior to other medicines of long and esta- 
 blished use; or whose operation is not con- 
 sidered to be generally safe. Even in the 
 case of those new remedies which, he has 
 introduced, it will be seen that he is not 
 chargeable with the culpable enthusiasm of 
 the day; and that where a medicine pos- 
 
X PREFACE. 
 
 sesses a degree of activity requiring more 
 than ordinary care, he has not neglected 
 to subjoin the requisite precautions. 
 
 In selecting the Formulae of which the 
 present volume consists, great attention has 
 been paid to simplicity of composition; a 
 circumstance which renders the prescrip- 
 tions of physicians of the present day so 
 much superior to those of former times, 
 and in which respect the British practi- 
 tioners have greatly the advantage over most 
 of the physicians on the Continent. A for- 
 mula, however, may have too few as well 
 as too many ingredients; and it is a mis- 
 take to suppose that every prescription is 
 faulty which contains two, three, or even 
 four substances, whose general medicinal 
 properties are the same; for, it is proved by 
 experience, that from a combination of such 
 substances in small doses, a better and more 
 powerful effect results than from larger 
 doses of any of them when administered 
 singly, or only in conjunction with a se- 
 cond. Thus rhubarb, jalap, and calomel, 
 produce jointly and in moderate doses a 
 
 9 
 
PREFACE. XI 
 
 more speedy and beneficial cathartic oper- 
 ation than either of them or any two of 
 them would do, though given in much 
 larger quantities. The same may be said 
 of aromatics. * It is upon the variety 
 of ingredients possessing similar properties 
 that the medicinal effects of the saline 
 mineral waters depend. In fact, many of 
 our artificial preparations are less compo- 
 site than the medicines presented to us by 
 nature. These remarks are addressed to 
 those who contend for too great meager- 
 ness in prescriptions. 
 
 Appended to the whole are two compa- 
 rative tables exhibiting the old and new 
 pharmaceutical names of the London and 
 Edinburgh Pharmacopoeias. Similar tables 
 were subjoined to the former edition of 
 this Thesaurus, published ten years ago. 
 This circumstance it is deemed proper to 
 mention, lest the Editor should be supposed 
 to have copied them from Dr. Murray's 
 late Treatise on the Materia Medica. 
 
 London, Nov. 14, 1804. 
 
 * See the late Dr. G. Fordyce's Observations on the Com- 
 bination of Medicines, inserted in the 2nd Vol. of Transactions 
 of a Society for Medical Improvement. 
 
ERRATUM. 
 Page 171, 1. ( 2'2 } for columba read colomba. 
 
CLASS I. 
 EVACUANTS. A. ERRH1NES. 
 
 It is observed by Dr. Cullen, that Errhines, by 
 producing a larger excretion from the mucous 
 follicles of the Schneiderian membrane, occasion 
 an afflux of fluids from the neighbouring vessels., 
 particularly from the branches of the external caro- 
 tid, and in some measure empty the same; by 
 Which means they relieve, and sometimes cure, 
 the tooth-ach, heacl-ach, pains of the ear, and in- 
 flammations of the eyes. He farther remarks, 
 that it is not improbable that they may have been 
 of use in preventing apoplexy and palsy ; at least, 
 whenever any approach to these diseases is suspect- 
 ed, the drying up of the mucous discharge should 
 be attended to, and, if possible, restored. To- 
 bacco is commonly employed for this purpose ; but 
 there are various other sternutatories, which, 
 according to the diversity of cases, may be used 
 with advantage. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Errkines* 
 
 Asarum Asarum Europccinn, 
 
 Asarabacca. 
 Helleborus albus Veratrum album. 
 
 White Hellebore. 
 Marum Syriacum Teucrmm Marum. 
 
 Syrian Herb Mastick. 
 
 B 
 
1 EVACUANTS. A. ERRHINES. Class L 
 
 Nicotians Nicotiana Tabacum. 
 
 Tobacco. 
 Hydrargyria vitriolatus, Ph. Lond. 
 
 Vitriolated quicksilver. 
 Subsulphas Hydrarg. fiavus, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Yellow subsulphate of quicksilver. 
 
 Powder with Sijricm Herb Mastick, 
 
 R. Pulv. subt. Mari Syriaci. 
 
 Majoran. a a 5}. 
 
 M. F. Pulvis. 
 To be used after the manner of snurT. 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 Powder with White Hellebore. 
 
 R. Asari. 
 
 Heliebor. alb. a a 3j. 
 Teie simul in Pulv. 
 A small pinch to be snarled up the nose occasionally. 
 
 Saunders. 
 
 The dried root of white hellebore, (Veratrum 
 album) is, as Lewis observes, a violent sternuta- 
 tory ; and as such it is sometimes used in lethargic 
 and other disorders. 
 
 C&mpoimd Powder of Asarabacca. 
 
 Lond. and Ed. Ph. 
 The two last- mentioned powders owe their 
 activity chiefly to the asarum, which is. justly con- 
 sidered by Dr. Cullen as one of the most useful and 
 convenient errhines. He observes that in large; 
 doses it is very powerful, and sometimes too 
 violent; but in more moderate doses, not exceeding' 
 
Class L EVACUANTS. A. ERRHINES. 3 
 
 a few grains, and repeated several evenings toge- 
 ther, it may be employed to procure a pretty 
 large watery discharge from the nose ; which 
 sometimes continues for several days together. In 
 particular, it has' proved very useful in tooth-ach 
 and ophthalmia. The Edinburgh formula con- 
 tains a larger proportion of the asarum, without 
 any of the marum syriacum. 
 
 Pulvis Nicotian<e\ Common snuff. 
 
 For remarks on the use of snuff, see Practical Synopsis of 
 the Mat. Med. Vol. I. p. 112. 
 
 Poivder with Vitriolated Quicksilver. 
 
 R. Hydrarg. vitriol, gr. x. 
 Pulv. Glycyrrhiz. 5SS. 
 Myristicae ras. 3j. 
 01. Rorismar. gutt. ij. 
 M. F. Pulvis. 
 A very small quantity to be used as snuff, in a morning. 
 
 Fuller. 
 
 The hydrargyria vitriolatus, Ph. Lond. (Tur- 
 peth mineral, as it was formerly called) is the sub- 
 sulphas hydrargvri flavus, Ph. Ed. 
 
 The above powerful errhine produces a very 
 copious flow of thin mucus from the nose. It 
 should be used with caution ; for, if repeated too 
 often, it will fret, and perhaps exulcerate the 
 membrane of the nostrils. On this account it 
 may not be amiss to direct some warm milk, or 
 other mild fluid, to be snuffed up the nose after 
 each time of using the powder. A similar mer- 
 
 b 2 
 
4, E VAGRANTS. B. SIALAGOGUES. ClaSS L 
 
 curial snuff has been employed with advantage by 
 Mr. Ware, in the gutta serena. He prescribes 
 one grain of vitriolated quicksilver, and eight 
 ©rains of powdered liquorice root, leaving out 
 Fuller's aromatic ingredients, which perhaps only 
 render the snuff more pungent, without contri- 
 buting much to its attrahent effects. 
 
 EVACUANTS. B. S1ALAG0GUES. 
 
 Under this division of evacuants are compre- 
 hended all those substances which increase the 
 quantity of the salivary secretion. The most 
 powerful among these medicines is quicksilver. 
 
 Enumeration of t lie principal Sialagognes* 
 
 Piurima Hydrargyri prseparata. 
 
 Various preparations of Quicksilver. 
 Acidum nitricum. Ph. Ed. 
 
 Nitric Acid. 
 Mastiche, Pistacia Lcntiscu's. 
 
 Mastick. 
 Pyrethrum Anthemis Vyrcthrunr* 
 
 Pellitoiy of Spain. 
 Zingiber Amomura Zingiber* 
 
 Ginger. 
 
 Pill with calcined quicksilver* 
 
 It. Hydr. calcin. gr. j. 
 
 Gpii, 3tiam grani partem. 
 Ol. essent. Caryoph. arom. gtt. j. 
 M. F. Pilula. 
 This pill to be taken every night for a week. In venerea! 
 easeS« 
 
 J. HUVTER. 
 
Class 1. EVACUANTS. B. SIALAGOGUES. 5 
 
 The hydrargyria calcinatus, Ph. Lond. (the 
 oxydum hydrargyri rubrum per ignem of the 
 French chemists) is a very rough mercurial for 
 internal use, and may in most venereal cases be 
 superseded by milder preparation s, such as the 
 submuriate of quicksilver, or calomel, the use of 
 which requires only a little more time. 
 
 If after the space of a week it has not affected the 
 mouth, it may be repeated evening and morning: 
 And after the patient has been accustomed to the 
 medicine, and it is found not to fall upon the 
 mouth, it may be increased to two grains in the 
 evening, and one in. the morning. 
 
 The proportion of opium may be increased to a 
 grain or more, according to circumstances. We 
 are well persuaded, says Dr. Cullen, that opium 
 will, almost in every case of venereal affection, 
 favour and expedite the effects of mercury, either 
 in removing symptoms, or in entirely curing the 
 disease. The opium in these instances proves 
 useful, he imagines, by obviating the general 
 acrimony in the system, or, as Mr. Bell (in his 
 Treatise on the Lues Venerea, 179 3 ) supposes, by 
 lessening or removing irritation ; probably, too, 
 (we would add) by tending, at the same time that 
 it allays irritation, to promote the discharge by 
 the skin. — It is well known that opium has been 
 given by itself in venereal cases, in the hope of 
 accomplishing a cure without the help of mer- 
 cury ; but most practitioners^ we are persuaded, 
 
6 EVACUANTS. B. STALAGOGUES. Class L 
 
 will be ready to join with Cullen, Hunter, 
 and Bell, in pronouncing that, though opium 
 undoubtedly affords considerable relief, it is 
 never alone to be trusted to as a remedy capable 
 of curing the venereal disease. For further re- 
 marks on the use of opium in syphilis, see 
 Narcotics. 
 
 Tills with Calomel or Suhmuriate of Quicksilver. 
 R. Calomelanos (Submuriatis Hydrarg. Ph. Ed.) £ss. 
 Cons. Rosse, q. s. 
 Contunde in massam, et divide in Pil. xxx. 
 One to be taken every day, or, -| a pill 3 times a day, tilt 
 a gentle salivation is excited. The medicine to be continued 
 for a week after the chancres are healed. 
 
 Blaxe. 
 
 In cases of confirmed lues, a whole pill may 
 be given 3 times a day. Calomel, (the Submu- 
 rias Hydrargyri, Ph. Ed.) says Mr. Bell, is given 
 by some practitioners in large doses for the cure 
 of syphilis, even to the extent of ten grains daily. 
 He has not found, however, that this is necessary, 
 and it very commonly proves injurious both to the 
 stomach and bowels. It answers better in doses of 
 a grain, repeated three times a day, by which it 
 more readily enters the blood than when given in 
 larger quantities, and is less apt to run off by stool. 
 He considers this as one of the best prepara- 
 tions of mercury; and though it operates mildly, 
 he believes it to be equally powerful with any other 
 form of quicksilver in curing the venereal disease, 
 
Class L EVACUANTS. E. SlALAGOGURS. J 
 
 Calomel is also employed with great success in va- 
 rious other diseases, besides syphilis. Thus in the 
 bilious remittent fevers of hot climates, and par- 
 ticularly in the yellow fever of the West Indies, 
 (see Rush and Chisholm) as well as in some cases 
 of intermittents ; in hepatitis ; in dysentery, (see 
 Cleghorn and Clark) in various spasmodic affec- 
 tions, (see Antispasmodics) in hydrocephalus and 
 encysted dropsies, (see Cathartics and Diuretics) 
 this mercurial, continued if necessary till the 
 mouth becomes affected, is found to be produc- 
 tive of the best effects. Concerning the uses of 
 calomel in other cases, see Diaphoretics, Emme- 
 nagogues, and Anthelmintics. 
 
 In the same cases may be given the Quick- 
 silver Pills, Lond. and Ed. Ph. Four grs. of 
 quicksilver are contained in 12 grs. of the Lond. 
 pills; and 15 grs. in 3SS of the Ed. pills. Dose 
 of the former from 10 to 30 grains daily, of the 
 latter from 8 to 20. In some cases more. With 
 this, and indeed with all other mercurials, may be 
 occasionally joined a small quantity of opium. 
 
 Pills of Acetated Quicksilver, 
 
 JR. Hydrarg. acetat. (Acetitis Hydr. Ph. Ed.) 
 Mannac. 
 G. Arab. aa3j. 
 Aq. Ros. q. s. 
 Ut fiant. Pil. xx. 
 Dese, 3 every night, till a gentle salivation is excited, or the 
 symptoms entirely disappear. 
 
 Keyseiu 
 
$ EVACUAkTS. E. SIALAGOGUES. Class L 
 
 Acetated quicksilver (the Acetis Hydrargyri, 
 Ph. Ed.) says Mr. Bell, is milder in its operation 
 than any of the other saline preparations of mer- 
 cury, nor does it disturb the stomach and bowels 
 so much as triturated quicksilver is frequently 
 found to do ; but from all the trials that he has 
 made of it, he does not consider it as equally cer- 
 tain in curing the venereal disease. The symptoms 
 abate while the patient is taking it; but if some 
 other preparation of mercury is not. employed either 
 alons: with it or continued afterwards, he has ob- 
 served that they are very apt to appear again soon 
 after it is laid aside. 
 
 Pills ivith Quicksilver and Hemlock. 
 
 R. Hydrarg. purificat. ^j. 
 Gum. Arab, $ij; 
 Tere simul, additis aquae guttulis aliquot,, donee gla- 
 buli visum effugerint ; dein adde 
 Succ. Cicutae spissat. 5J. 
 Pulv. Glycyrrhiz. q. s. 
 Ut fiant Pil. ponder, gr. iv. 
 Dose, 3 pills night and morning. In the same cases. 
 
 Plenck. 
 
 In the original, the mass is directed to be divided 
 into pills weighing two grains each, of which six 
 are pre s< for a dose. In this way the pills are 
 
 too small, and the number at each taking too great 
 It seems better to double their weight, by which 
 means half the number suffice for a dose. 
 
Class 1. EVACUANTS. E. SIALAGOGUES. § 
 
 These pills are suited to venereal sores, and par- 
 ticularly buboes ; which last Mr. J. Hunter says 
 he has often seen give way to hemlock, and sooner 
 than to any thing he is acquainted with, especially 
 if joined to the bark. Along with the internal use 
 of hemlock, he recommends the external applica^ 
 tion of it (in the form of a fomentation, wash, or 
 poultice) to the ulcerated parts. See Narcotics. 
 
 Pills ivith muriated Quicksilver. 
 R. Hydrarg. muriat. (Muriatis Hydr. Ph. Ed.) 
 
 Aramon. muriat. (Mur. Ammon. Ph. Ed.) a a gr. v, 
 Aq. distillat. gutt. xxx vel si. 
 Cons. Ros. 3j Pulv. Glycyrrhiz. q. s. 
 Ut fiat massain Pil. xl. dividenda. 
 Dose, 1 pill 3 or 4 times in a day. In the last mentioned 
 cases. 
 
 Bell. 
 
 Every pill in this prescription, which is an imi- 
 tation of the Swedish formula, contains, when the 
 materials are uniformly mixed together, the eighth 
 part of a grain of muriated quicksilver. It is easy, 
 therefore, to regulate the doses with very great 
 nicety. Unless the water be used hot, a few drops 
 more than the number here directed may be requi- 
 site for the complete solution of the mercurial salt. 
 
 Instead of giving this preparation of quicksilver, 
 commonly termed corrosive sublimate, (the murias 
 hydrargyria Ph. Ed.) in larger doses, evening and 
 morning, it answers better (says Mr. Bell) to give 
 the same quantity divided into four or five doses. 
 A grain of muriated mercury may in this manner 
 
10 EVACUANTS. B. SIALAGOGUES. CldSS I. 
 
 be given daily, that is, a quarter of a grain four 
 times a day. Some have advised more, but this 
 is the largest dose that he has ever been able to 
 continue for more than 1 or 3 days together. 
 
 With Mr. John Hunter muriated quicksilver 
 was by no means a favourite preparation. In re- 
 cent cases, he thought it only removed the visible 
 Jocat effects, without entirely destroying the vene- 
 real action : for a greater number of patients, he 
 says, have been found to relapse after taking this 
 preparation, than from many of the others; which 
 is owing, he supposes, to its passing oft very rea- 
 dily by the skin. 
 
 On the other hand, Dr. Cullen maintains that, 
 in many instances, muriated quicksilver (corrosive 
 sublimate) cures the disease by a smaller quantity 
 of mercury than can be done by any other prepa- 
 ration, though the latter introduces the mercury 
 in much larger proportion. In another place the 
 same author says, that it is certainly more active 
 and powerful than any other saline preparation of 
 this metal, and that the use of it has been often 
 convenient and effectual ; though he, at the same 
 time, readily allows that, as its operation is so dif- 
 ferent in men of different constitutions, the em- 
 ployment of it often requires a good deal of ma- 
 nagement and discretion. Mr. Bell has observed, 
 that opiates have not the same influence in pre- 
 venting the muriated quicksilver from acting upon 
 the stomach and bowels, which they commonly 
 
ClaSS I. EVACUANTS. B. SIALAGOGUES. 11 
 
 have with other preparations of mercury. He 
 has found nothing so effectual for -this purpose, 
 as the decoction of guaiacum and mezereon, or 
 plentiful (dilution with mucilaginous drinks and 
 broths. These, he supposes, may act in the 
 first place by sheathing the stomach and bowels 
 directly from the effect of the medicine; and 
 they may also prove useful by promoting the na- 
 tural tendency, which this form of mercury seems 
 to have, to pass off* by the skin. For further prac- 
 tical remarks on this mercurial, see Spirituous So- 
 lution of Muriated Quicksilver. 
 
 Pills with muriated Quicksilver and Hemlock, 
 R. Hydrarg. muriat. (Mur. Hydrarg. Ph. Ed.) gr. vj. 
 Solvantur in 
 Aq distillat. q.s. Solutioni addatur 
 Succ. Cicutae spissat. 5J. cum 
 Pulv. Cicutae q. s. 
 Ut fiat massa pilularis. 
 Dose from 4 grs. to 10 grs. In the same cases. 
 
 Disp. Fuld. 
 
 If the above mentioned mass be made into 48 
 pills, each pill will contain the 8th part of a grain 
 of the mercurial salt, and the dose may be re- 
 gulated accordingly. 
 
 Mixture with puri/ied Quicksilver \ 
 
 R. Hydrarg. puriflcat. 5J. 
 Gum. Arab. 51J. 
 Terantur in mortario lapideo, addito cochlearraquae> 
 
1% EVACUANTS. E. SIALAGOGUES. ClaSS L 
 
 donee hydrargyrus penitus evanuerit. Exacte subactis ad- 
 misce sensim terendo 
 Aq. Ros. 3viij. 
 Dose, 2 large spoonfuls night and morning. In the same 5 
 
 eases. 
 
 Plewck* 
 
 It may be rendered palatable by adding half an 
 ounce of some pleasant syrup. This mode of ex- 
 hibiting quicksilver is liable to many objections, 
 (see Practical Synopsis of the Mat. Med. V. I. pp. 
 119-20), and may in all cases be superseded by 
 other more certain preparations. 
 
 Mixture with murialed Quicksilver. 
 R. Hydrarg. muriat. (Mur. Hydrarg. Ph. Ed.) gr. ij* 
 Aq. distillat. £vj. 
 Sp. Cinnamom. 
 Syr. Althseae, as. 5J. M. 
 Dose, 1 or 2 large spoonfuls twice or thrice a day. In thf 
 same cases. 
 
 PlI. SUEC. 
 
 SpiriUious Solution of muriated Quicksilver. 
 R. Hydrarg. muriat. (muriatis Hydrarg. Ph. Ed.) gr. ij\ 
 Spirit. Vin. ten. (Alkohol. dilut. Ph. Ed.)3'iv. Solve. 
 Dose, one table spoonful night and morning, in a draught 
 of gruel, or decoction of sarsaparilla. In the same cases. 
 
 Van Swieten. 
 
 This celebrated commentator on Boerhaave, re^ 
 probates Turner's corrosive sublimate drops, in 
 which the proportion of ardent spirit to the niercu- 
 
Glass L EVACUANTS. B. SIALAG0GUE3. IS 
 
 rial salt is so remarkably small ; whence it happens 
 that the dose of the medicine cannot always be ac- 
 curately measured. 
 
 With some constitutions it may suit better to 
 dilute this solution with an equal proportion of dis- 
 tilled water. One spoonful of the solution thus di- 
 luted, will contain the eighth part of a grain of 
 muriated quicksilver, a quantity too small to oc- 
 casion, in general, any inconvenience; whereas the 
 quarter of a grain of mercurial salt contained in a 
 spoonful of the undiluted solution, is apt to disagree, 
 for the first three or four takings, with persons of 
 Weak constitutions. 
 
 A solution of muriated quicksilver in common 
 distilled water, with the addition of a little mu- 
 riated ammonia (sal ammpniac) is prescribed by 
 some practitioners in place of the spirituous solu- 
 tion; but Van Swieten's formula seems to deserve 
 the preference, since the muriated quicksilver ex- 
 hibited in his way, is less liable to disorder the 
 stomach and bowels. Mr. Bell says, that the me- 
 dicine in this form proves nauseous ; this inconve- 
 nience, however, is easily remedied, by directing 
 the patients to sweeten the mucilaginous vehicles in. 
 which it is taken, with a proper quantity of sugar. 
 
 De Haen calls this an incomparable medicine. 
 It is certainly a valuable mercurial in cases where 
 the patient's mode of life, the nature of his consti- 
 tution, and other circumstances, will not admit of 
 the employment of many of the other preparations 
 
14 EVACUANTS. B. SIALAGOGUES. Class I. 
 
 of quicksilver. For these reasons, and because it 
 does not affect the salivary glands so readily as most 
 of the other preparations of mercury, nor render 
 those who are under its use so liable to take cold, 
 it is well suited to camp and navy practice. Per- 
 haps, however, it may not always be safe to trust 
 entirely to this preparation of quicksilver for the 
 cure of every form of the venereal disease. 
 
 Unguentum Hydnfrgyri fortius, Ph. Lond. 
 Stronger Quicksilver Ointment. Lond. Ph. 
 One drachm of this ointment to be rubbed before the fire, 
 on the inside of the thighs every night, till the mouth becomes 
 affected. In the same cases. 
 
 When mercury, says Mr. John Hunter, can be 
 thrown into the constitution with propriety by the 
 external method., it is preferable to the internal, 
 because the skin is not nearly so essential to life as 
 the stomach, and therefore is capable in itself of 
 bearing much more than tbe stomach ; it also af- 
 fects the constitution much less. But it often hap- 
 pens that the patient's way of life, and other circum- 
 stances, do not admit of the mode of inunction, and 
 accordingly leave no other means of administering 
 the remedy but by the mouth. 
 
 Of the weaker quicksilver ointment (ung. Hy- 
 drarg. mitius, Ph. Lond.) which some prefer as ir- 
 ritating the skin less, from a drachm and a half to 
 two drachms, or even more, may be rubbed in daily; 
 and it answers better, Mr. Bell says, to apply it at 
 
Class L evacuanYs. ft. sialagogues. 131 
 
 two different times than all at once. For the pur- 
 pose of applying properly this quantity of ointment, 
 20 or 25 minutes of gentle friction is necessary, 
 the patient all the while being exposed to the 
 heat of a moderate fire. . 
 
 In order to promote the absorption of the quick- 
 silver, it has, Mr. Bell observes, been the prac- 
 tice with many to advise the body to be immersed 
 in a warm bath, once and again, before the course 
 is commenced, and to repeat it once or twice a 
 week during the whole continuance of it. They 
 likewise think that the bathing proves useful, by 
 giving the mercury a particular determination to 
 the skin, and thus preventing it from producing 
 salivation. He has not found, however, that a fre- 
 quent use of the warm bath is necessary. It cannot 
 in every situation be obtained but with much dif- 
 ficulty, and if not properly conducted, it is apt- 
 during a course of mercury, to expose the patient 
 to suffer from the effects of cold. Before the com- 
 mencement of the course, where the skin is parti- 
 cularly dry, he has sometimes thought it right to 
 advise the use of a warm bath ; but, as in other in- 
 stances of a siix;lar nature, the ointment has an- 
 swered equally well where this precaution was iioi 
 taken, he does not conceive that it is of much im- 
 portance. But although he is of opinion that it is 
 not necessary (we would observe, however, that, 
 though it may not be necessary, it is certainly ser- 
 viceable, and should therefore be occasionally vised 
 
}6 ETACUANTS. B. SIALAGOGUES. ClaSS L 
 
 where circumstances will admit of it) to immerge 
 the whole body in a warm bath during a course of 
 mercury ; yet Mr. Bell has found that some advan- 
 tage is derived from causing the parts upon which 
 the ointment has been rubbed, to be well bathed 
 with soap and water before repeating it upon the 
 same place. lie therefore thinks it proper to advise 
 this to be generally done,. After having gone 
 through a course of mercury, it is customary, and 
 perhaps useful, to go twice or thrice into the 
 warm bath* 
 
 Where the remedy, says the same practitioner, 
 is chiefly employed for the removal of a local af- 
 fection, such as a bubo, we endeavour to make it 
 pass through the lymphatic vessels of the part, 
 and in such cases this determines the place to which 
 the ointment should be applied; but where no local 
 symptom of this kind takes place, it may be applied 
 with equal safety and propriety to any part of the 
 body, and the place of application should be changed 
 from day to day. Thus we obviate the irritation 
 of the skin, which is apt to happen from applying it 
 repeatedly to the same place, at the same time 
 that w r e promote the absorption of the mercury. 
 
 The time to be employed in a course of mercury > 
 and the quantity to be given, are circumstances 
 that cannot with any exactness be ascertained. They 
 depend in a great measure upon the effects with 
 which they are attended ; but Mr. Bell observes, 
 that, in general, few cases are so bad as to require 
 
Class 1. EVACUANTS. £. SIALAGOGUES. \J 
 
 the medicine, when properly conducted, to be 
 continued longer than nine or ten weeks. In re- 
 cent cases, four or five weeks are for the most part 
 sufficient ; while in some obstinate old affections, 
 where the bones have been diseased, or the ulcers 
 Very foul and extensive, he has known it necessary 
 to go on to the twelfth or thirteenth week. 
 
 Many practitioners, Mr. Bell observes, think 
 that the same quantity of mercury must prove 
 equally useful in whatever time it may be given, 
 provided the mouth be kept moderately sore during 
 the whole period. This, however, is not the case. 
 He has met with various instances of venereal sores, 
 as well as other symptoms, which had either ob- 
 stinately resisted a very long continued course^ o£- 
 this kind, or which had recurred from time to time 
 after a cure had been supposed to be obtained, and 
 which at last were entirely removed by a much less 
 quantity of the medicine being given in a shorter 
 period of time. What he inculcates is, that the 
 more inveterate symptoms of the disease will sel- 
 dom yield to an alterative course of mercury, how- 
 ever long it may be protracted, while the same 
 quantity of the medicine will seldom fail, when 
 given so as to keep the system for a shorter period 
 more completely under its influence. He has 
 known more than fifty cases in which this actually 
 happened ; where venereal sores, from resisting 
 mercury under an alterative course, were judged 
 to be incurable, and where complete cures were 
 
 C 
 
J 8 EVACUANTS. B< SIALAGOGUES. Class 1. 
 
 afterwards obtained merely by carrying the use of 
 mercury to a greater length than had previously 
 been done. The result of all his experience is, that 
 to render general practice in the venereal disease 
 safe, that is to guard as much as possible against a 
 return of the disease, a middle course must be ob- 
 served between the severe degrees of salivation 
 which oiir forefathers judged necessary, and the 
 opposite extreme into which the moderns have 
 fallen. 
 
 There are several other diseases, besides the ve- 
 nereal, in which mercurial inunction is a remedy ; 
 such are, hydrophobia, and tetanus ; hydrocepha- 
 lus, and encysted dropsies; hepatitis, psora, le- 
 pra, &c. 
 
 Acidum Nirricum, Ph. Ed. 
 Nitric Acid. 
 
 By the internal use of this acid in doses of J, 
 2, or 3 drachms daily, dilated in large quantities 
 of water, rendered palatable by sugar, the gums 
 and salivary glands have in some instances been 
 affected; and some cases of lues venerea are said 
 to have been cured by it in the East Indies. But 
 in this climate it has disappointed the expectations 
 that were raised in its favour, and it now ceases to 
 hold a competition with mercury, as an antisi- 
 philitic remedy. See Practical Synopsis of the 
 Mat. Med. Vol. II. pp. 133-135. 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. B. SIALAGOGUES*. lg 
 
 Masticatory with Pellitory of Spain. 
 
 R. Pulv. Rad. Pyrethri. 
 Mastiches, a a, 5J. 
 Fiant lege artis ad ignem masticatoria duo. 
 One of these lumps to be put into the mouth and champed 
 at pleasure. In paralytic affections of the tongue, and in the 
 tooth ach. 
 
 HaRTMANc 
 
 Masticatory with Ginger. 
 R. Pulv. Rad. Zingib. $ss. 
 Mastiches 5J. 
 Fiant lege artis pastilli singuli pondere scrupuliunius 
 One of these lumps to be held in the mouth, and chewed 
 repeatedly. In the same cases. 
 
 Hartman - . 
 
 In the same manner and in the same cases may 
 be used the mezereon root. See Stimulants. 
 
 Collutory with Pellitory of Spain. 
 R. Rad. Pyrethri, ^ss. 
 Acet. distillat. |vj. 
 Opiigr. iij. 
 Digere vasis clausis in balneo arenas per hofam. 
 A spoonful to be held in the mouth frequently, and after* 
 wards spit out. In the tooth ach. 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 Th£ acetum distillatum, Ph. Lond. is the aci- 
 duria aoetosum distillatum, Ph. Ed. 
 
 C2 
 
20 EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. Class L 
 
 EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. 
 
 Expectorants are those medicines which are 
 employed in various pulmonary disorders, to pro- 
 mote the excretion either of mucus or of pus 
 from the trachea and bronchial tubes. They are 
 also termed anacathartics. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Expectorants* 
 
 Allium Allium sativum. 
 
 Garlick. 
 Ammoniacum. 
 
 Gum Ammoniac. 
 Asafaetida. ..... Ferula Asafixtida. 
 
 Asafaetida. 
 Balsamum Tolutanum Toluifera Balsamum. 
 
 BabamofTolu. 
 Ipecacuanha. ..... Callicocca Ipecacuanha Brotero. 
 
 Cephaelis Ipecacuanha Willdeno\0V 
 
 Ipecacuan. 
 Myrrha. 
 
 Myrrh. 
 Nicotiana. ..... Nicotiana Tabacum. 
 
 Tobacco. 
 Seneka Polygala Senega. 
 
 Seneka or Rattlesnake-root. 
 Scilla Scilla maritima. 
 
 Squill. 
 Antimonii praparata. 
 
 Preparations of Antimony, 
 Quaedam Hydrargyri prseparata. 
 
 Certain preparations of Quicksilver. 
 Zincum vitriolatum Sulphas Zinci. Ph* Ed* 
 
 Vitriolated Zinc. White Vitriol. 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. 21 
 
 Gas Hydrogenium. 
 
 Hydrogen Gas. 
 Gas Hydrogenium carbonatum. (Gas hydro-carbonatum.) 
 
 Carbonated Hydrogen gas. 
 Vapor iEtheris Vitriolici (/Etheris Sulphuric], Ph. Ed.) 
 Pulmonibus attractus. 
 Inhalation of the Vapor of Vitriolic TEther. (Sulphuric 
 iEther.) 
 Vapores Aquae Calidae, pulmonibus attracti. 
 
 Inhaling the Steam of Hot Water. 
 Emetica. 
 
 Emetics. 
 Demulcentia ; qualia sunt Ol. Amygd. Hordeum, Glycyr- 
 rhiza, Tussilago, &c. 
 
 Demulcents, such as Almond Oil, Pearl Barley, Liquo- 
 rice, Coltsfoot, &c. 
 Diuretica quaedam ; qualia sunt Colchicum, Dulcamara, 
 Digitalis. 
 
 Certain Diuretics, such as Meadow Saffron, Woody 
 Nightshade, Foxglove. 
 
 Ipecacuanha Powder. 
 
 From 3 to 5 grs. of the pulverised root of Ipecacuanha to be 
 given every morning, or every other morning, in asthmatic 
 cases. < 
 
 Akenside. 
 
 For observations on the action of this medicine^ in the cases 
 here mentioned, see Antispasmodics. 
 
 Poivder ivith Squill and Camphor. 
 
 R. Scillae exsiccatae gr. viij. 
 Camphor. 3 j. 
 Sacchar. purificat. 5J. 
 Tere in pulv. subt. in iv partes sequales dividend. 
 
22 EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. Class L 
 
 One to be taken two or three times a day, in gruel or barley 
 water. With an increased proportion of camphor this is from 
 
 Nicolai. 
 
 It is a circumstance which deserves particular 
 attention, that squill from its acrid and stimulating 
 qualities, checks instead of promoting expectora- 
 tion, where the skin is hot and dry, with a tense 
 pulse ; or where other marks of inflammatory ac- 
 tion are present. In all cases plentiful dilution 
 with mucilaginous liquors, as above directed, con- 
 tributes in no small degree to its successful opera- 
 tion. See Practical Synopsis of the Mat. Med, 
 V. I. p. 154. 
 
 Myrrh Powder. 
 
 R. G. Myrrh* 55s. 
 
 Sacchar. crystallisat. (Vulgo Sacch. cand.) ^ss, 
 Tere simul in pulv. 
 Dose, 2 tea-spoonfuls 3 or 4 times a day, in any convenient 
 vehicle. In consumptive cases. 
 
 Nicolai, 
 
 Who remarks that this was a favourite formula with Hoffman. 
 It is sometimes useful to add to this prescription a small pro- 
 portion of the natron praeparatum, Ph. Lond. (carbonas sodae, 
 Ph. Ed.) 
 
 If we were to follow implicitly the opinion of Dr. 
 Cullen, we should not insert a formula of myrrh 
 in this class of medicines, since he with Dr. Fother^ 
 gill, condemns the use of this drug in phthisical 
 cases; in which, however, other practitioners 
 have often employed it with advantage. We are, 
 
■ Glass L EVACUAXTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. 23 
 
 ready to allow, indeed, that, in irritable habits, 
 where much hectic fever has been present, it may 
 sometimes have proved hurtful, especially if given 
 too freely; but in the earlier stages of the disease, 
 where the constitution languishes under debility with 
 hardly any concomitant fever, this gum- resin, 
 while it promotes the appetite and digestion (effects 
 which the Doctor himself admits) tends at the same 
 time to strengthen the system throughout, and to 
 improve and promote, along with the rest of the 
 secretions and excretions, the discharge from the 
 lungs. — Dr. Fothergill, in his remarks on the cure 
 of consumptions, has classed this gum-resin along 
 with the balsams and turpentines, and condemning 
 very properly the use of them in such affections of 
 the lungs, has condemned also, but not quite so 
 properly, we think, the use of this in the same. 
 For, whether we consider its chemical or its sen- 
 sible properties, myrrh will appear to differ very 
 considerably from both those other vegetable pro- 
 ducts. A mucilaginous principle, not to be met 
 with in the genuine turpentines and balsams, forms 
 one of the chief constituent parts of myrrh. Hence 
 it is soluble in water, whereas the balsams are not; 
 hence, too, it burns with difficulty, and not with- 
 out leaving behind a good deal of coally mat- 
 ter, whereas the balsams are highly inflammable, 
 and leave behind but little residuum. Applied to 
 the tongue, myrrh does not impart that hot and 
 pungent sensation which the balsams are known to 
 
24 EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. Class L 
 
 produce, and which is owing to a very penetrating 
 and diffusible essential oil, or (to use Boerhaave's 
 expression) spiritus rector, with which they 
 abound. Seeing, then, that it contains a bland 
 principle, viz. the mucilage, which they want, and 
 that if it does net want, at most it possesses only in 
 a scanty proportion, the acrid principle, viz. the 
 essential oil, which is found so plentifully in them, 
 and upon which their heating and irritating effects 
 depend ; it cannot certainly be proper to set it down 
 as one and the same substance with them : And 
 therefore, while we join with Dr. Fothergill in re- 
 probating the use of balsams and turpentines, as 
 expectorants or otherwise, in pulmonary consump- 
 tions : yet from the favourable testimonies of others, 
 and from our own observation, we still think that 
 myrrh (persuaded that it differs in many respects 
 from both those substances) may, if properly ma- 
 naged, be frequently employed with advantage as 
 an expectorant. For further remarks on the use 
 of myrrh, see Tonics. 
 
 On the Continent, and particularly in Germany, 
 the JVatery Extract of My rrh'is frequently preferred 
 to the natural drug. According to the Brunswick 
 and Fulda Dispensatories, it is prepared by digesting 
 powdered myrrh, for several days, in water, in the 
 proportion of one part of myrrh to six parts of wa- 
 ter, and afterwards evaporating the decanted (or, if 
 necessary, the strained) solution to the consistence 
 of an extract, (The residuum may be used for 
 
Class L EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. 25 
 
 making the tincture or spirituous solutionof myrrh). 
 By this treatment great part of the resin is separated 
 from the gum, which is consequently rendered 
 much less heating. Of this preparation, the dose 
 is from ten to thirty grains, and more. 
 
 Ponder iviih Tartarised Antimony, 
 
 K. Antimon. tarlarisat. (Tartritis Antim.Ph.£d.)gr.ij. 
 Pulv. Chel. cancri 5SS. 
 Fiat Pulvis. 
 Two grains of this composition may be added to five or 
 six of any testaceous powder, and given* in a small spoonful 
 of milk and water, in the forenoon between breakfast and 
 dinner, to a child of a year old. If this quantity does not 
 prove sufficient to excite vomiting, it should be increased the 
 next day to such a dose as will produce this effect ; and in this 
 manner let it be daily repeated about the same hour. As the 
 fever and cough decrease, the child should take the puke only- 
 two days together, and omit it the third. Every other day 
 will soon afterwards suffice ; and then once or twice a week 
 till the cough is wholly gone. In the chin-cough or hooping- 
 cough. 
 
 FOTIIERGILL. 
 
 Whatever he the way in which they operate upon 
 the lungs, emetics prove, in many cases, very ser- 
 viceable and powerful expectorants. This prescrip- 
 tion might have been referred to that order of eva- 
 cuants; but the whole of its effects, and the nature 
 of the complaint for which it is particularly in- 
 tended, being considered, it was thought it would 
 not be misplaced by being inserted here. 
 
26 fcVACUANTS. C. EXPECTOKANTS. QaSS L 
 
 Towcler with Precipitated Sulphur of Antimony.- 
 R. Sulph. Antimon. praecipitat. gr. vj. 
 Pulv. Chel. Cancr. 3ss. 
 F. Pulvis. 
 To serve for two doses, in asthmatic affections. After 
 
 Nicola i. 
 
 In the original prescription, which moreover' 
 contains 6 grs. of the kali vitriolatum, Ph. Loud. 
 (Sulphas potassas. Ph. Ed.) the whole of the pow- 
 der is for a single dose ; but half the quantity, as 
 here directed, will prove quite sufficient where 
 full vomiting is not intended. 
 
 In the last edition of the Ed. Ph. this antimo- 
 nial preparation is, agreeably to the principles of 
 the new chemical nomenclature, termed sulphn- 
 retum antimonii prascipitatum. It has been well 
 remarked by Dr. Cullen and other pharmaceutical 
 writers, that antimony, when associated with an 
 acid, and especially with the vegetable acid (as in 
 the case of tartarised antimony), is to be preferred 
 to all other preparations of this metal, as being 
 the least irregular in its operation. 
 
 Pills with Extract of Tobacco. 
 
 R. "Extr. Nicotianse 9ss'. 
 
 Pnlv. Had. Glycyrrhiz. q. s. 
 Ut fiapt Pil. xx. 
 One to be taken 3 times a day,, increasing the dose if 'ne- 
 cessary. In cases of pulmonary consumption and humoral 
 asthma. 
 
 Reuss. Djsf. U stivers* 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. 1*J 
 
 The extract of tobacco is made from the in- 
 spissated decoction of the leaves, these last being 
 previously macerated for some hours in water, 
 (which is then thrown away) to free them from 
 their more acrimonious parts. See Practical Sy- 
 nopsis of the Mat. Med. V. I. p. 15 1. 
 
 Pills with Squill and Ammonia cum. 
 
 Give of the Squill Pills, Lond. and Ed. Ph. from 5 to 15 grs. 
 for a dose. 
 
 Pills with Vitriolated Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinc. Vitriolat. (Sulphat. Zinci, Ph. Ed.) 3ss. 
 Cons. Cynosb. q. s. 
 Ut fiant Pil. xx. 
 Dose, 1 pill 3 times a day, in phthisis and hooping-cough. 
 In many cases the dose may be doubled, A \ of a grain of 
 opium should then be added to each dose. The Editor of this 
 work has frequently prescribed the Vitriolated Zinc with the 
 best effect in the above-mentioned cases. He has sometimes 
 joined it with myrrh. 
 
 Bolus with Squill. 
 
 R. Conserv. Scill. 3j. vel ^ss. 
 Pulv. Glycyrrhiz. q. s. 
 Ut flat Bolus. 
 To be given twice a day. 
 
 In some cases from 5 to 10 grs. of quicksilver, 
 may be advantageously combined by trituration 
 with this conserve. 
 
 Linctus with Oxymel of SquilL 
 R, Oxymel. Scillae. 
 
28 BVACFANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. Class I m 
 
 Syr, Aliha^e. 
 Muc. G. Arab. 
 Singulorum partes sequales, M. 
 i^cse, from a tea to a table spoonful occasionally. In asth- 
 matic and other pulmonary affections. 
 
 Bang. 
 
 The Syrup of Squill, Ed. Ph. is a much better 
 preparation than the oxymel Scillae, Ph. Lond, 
 
 Mixture with Tartar ised Antimony, 
 
 mr X. Antimon. tartarisat. (Tartrhis Antim. Ph. Ed.) gr. §• 
 Aq. Pulegii §vj. 
 Mel. Acetat. 
 Oxymel. Scillx a a ;£> 
 Two table spoonfuls to be taken every 4th hour. In pcrip- 
 ceamonic cases. After the manner of 
 
 Stoll, 
 
 i In the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia the vinegar 
 is edulcorated with sugar instead of honey, the 
 syrupus acidi acetpsi supplying the place of the 
 oxymel, or mel acetaturn, Ph. Lond. 
 
 Mixture tenth Oxymel of Squill. 
 
 R. Oxymel. Scillae Jjij. 
 Aq. pulegii gix, M. 
 Dose, a tea cupful twice or thrice a day, in a fit of 
 ssthma. See 
 
 Fuller. 
 
 Three large spoonfuls of this mixture will be 
 a sufficient dose for most patients. This reduced 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. 1$ 
 
 dose may be repeated at shorter intervals, viz. 
 every 3d or 4th hour. 
 
 In like manner may be prescribed the Syr. Allii 
 of the Dublin Ph. but in a larger proportion, xiz. 
 giv of the syrup to gviij of the distilled water. 
 
 Mixture with Oxymel of Squill, and Nitrated Kali. 
 
 R. Oxymel. Scillae ^ij. 
 
 Decoct. Hord. Com p. ^vj. 
 Kali Nitrat. (Nitratis potassse, Ph. Ed.) ^ss. 
 Dose, 3 large spoonfuls frequently. In peripneumonic 
 cases. Varied from 
 
 Fax's FottM. 
 
 In some cases the oxymel, or syrup of squill, 
 may be advantageously joined with the aq. ammo- 
 nia* acetat. Ph. Lond. (aqua acetitis ammonia?. 
 Ph. Ed.) in place of the nitre. 
 
 Mixture with Oxymel of Squill and Camphor, 
 R. Oxymel. Scillae 3j. 
 Camphor. 
 
 Kali nitrat. (Nitratis potassae, Ph. Ed.) a a. 5S5. 
 Lac.Amygdal.Ph.L. (Emuls. Amygd.Ph.Ed.j^vij. 
 Misce terendo. 
 Dose, one or two ounces. Suited to pneumonic cases. Va- 
 ried from 
 
 Bang. 
 
 Mixture with Ammoniacum and Wine of Tarta- 
 rised Antimony. 
 K. Lac. Ammoniac, ^riij. 
 
30 evacuaKts. c. expectorants. Class /. 
 
 Vin. Antim. tartarisat. (Vin. Tartritis Antim. Ph. 
 Ed.) gtt. xl. vel Ix. M. 
 Dose, 2 table spoonfuls every 4th hour. After the manner of 
 
 Hartman. 
 To this may be occasionally added some tincture of opium. 
 
 Mixture ivith Asafcetida. 
 R. Asafcetid.-e 3ij. vel ^i. 
 Aq. pulegii gvij. 
 Syr. Tolutan. 3J. 
 Dose, 2 or 3 table spoonfuls, every 3d or 4th hour. In the 
 hooping-cough. Altered from 
 
 Millar. 
 
 This is a heating medicine, and should not be 
 administered till the febrile symptoms have been 
 removed. 
 
 It may also be given in cases of croup, espe- 
 cially after the use of the lancet, and when com- 
 bined with antimonials. 
 
 As all the fetid gums, says Dr. Cullen, seem to 
 be determined to the lungs, and to promote ex- 
 pectoration 5 so I have found the asafcetida the most 
 powerful for this purpose, and more powerful than 
 the ammoniac so frequently employed. For other 
 forms of prescribing asafcetida, see Antispas- 
 modics. 
 
 Compound Decoction of Barley, L. Ph. 
 To be given by cupfuls, in coughs, consumptions, pleurisy, 
 and peripneumony, either alone or with the addition of oxymel 
 of squill, nitre, See. This decoction might be improved by 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. 21 
 
 omitting the raisins and employing a greater proportion of 
 liquorice. See Practical Synopsis of the Mat. Ivied. Vol. II. p. 16\ 
 
 Decoction of Seneka, Ed. Ph. 
 Dose, 3 table spoonfuls every 3d or 4 th hour. Tn the ad* 
 yanced stages of pneumonia. Practical Synops. Vol. I. prr. 
 152, 1 53. 
 
 Ill the catalogue prefixed to this subdivision of 
 Evacuants, we have inserted hydrogen gas and 
 carbonated hydrogen gas ; because it would appear 
 that they have been employed by several practi- 
 tioners with some temporary relief, in various pul- 
 monary affections, such as phthisis and catarrhs. 
 It may be doubted, however, whether they pro- 
 perly belong to expectorating medicines, or under 
 what other class they should be arranged. For 
 directions concerning their administration, we 
 must refer to those authors who have professedly 
 written upon them. 
 
 The manner of using ./Ether Vapor in phthisis 
 hooping-cough, and some other pulmonary dis- 
 orders, is extremely simple. One or two ted 
 spoonfuls being put into a small tea cup, the latter 
 is held to the mouth either by the patient or an 
 assistant, and the vapor (which the warmth of 
 the hand causes to ascend in sufficient quantity) 
 is drawn in with the breath. This is continued 
 till all the sether is evaporated, and is repeated 3 
 or 4 times in the day, according to the urgency 
 ©f the case. In the winter time, the ascent ,of 
 
32 EvActtANts. D. EMfiTrcs. Cites L 
 
 the aether* vapour may be promoted by putting 
 some warm water into the tea cup or other vessel 
 containing the asther. For other particulars con- 
 cerning the use of this remedy in its simple and 
 medicated state, the reader is referred to Dr. Dun- 
 can's Medical Commentaries for 1796, and to the 
 7 th Vol. of Dr. Simmon's Medical Facts and Ob- 
 servations. 
 
 EVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. 
 
 To consider emetics merely as evacuants of the 
 stomach, would be to take a very contracted and 
 imperfect view of their effects ; for if traced through 
 the w T hole of their operation in the various diseases 
 in which they are employed, their influence over 
 the human body appears so manifold and extensive, 
 that they may be justly reckoned amongst the 
 most powerful instruments which the materia me- 
 dica affords. Hence, besides their use as cleansers 
 of the alimentary canal, they serve to induce sweat- 
 ing, in fevers ; to favour expectoration, in disorders 
 of the lungs ; to promote absorption, in cases of 
 dropsy ; and to remove certain obstructed condi- 
 tions of the viscera, such as jaundice and sup- 
 pression of the menses. Also in cases of glan- 
 dular and lymphatic obstructions, and in some 
 cases of pulmonary consumption. By means of 
 their peculiar action on the nervous and vascular 
 system, they allay the spasms in asthma, and check 
 the discharge of blood, in haemorrhages from the 
 
Class /. EVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. 33 
 
 lungs and uterus. In the first of these, viz. in 
 spitting of blood, they have been given with ad- 
 vantage, by Dr. Robinson, and still more lately, 
 by Dr. Stoll of Vienna; who says, that in such 
 cases ipecacuanha sometimes acts like a charm, 
 seeming to close the open vessels of the lungs 
 sooner and more effectually than any other re- 
 medy. In the other, viz. in uterine hemorrhagy 
 (according to Dahlberg's trials, as related by Mur- 
 ray) small doses only of these medicines, so as to 
 excite sickness, but not vomiting, are found to 
 answer best. But in both these instances, they 
 should be administered with caution, since it 
 sometimes happens that they do more harm than 
 good. Dr. Cullen once met with an accident of 
 this kind, in which the vomiting increased the 
 hemorrhagy to a great and dangerous degree. 
 
 Dysentery is to be added to the number of 
 diseases in which emetics have a peculiarly bene- 
 ficial effect. 
 
 Where there is much visceral inflammation ; 
 where there are symptoms of great accumulation in 
 the vessels of the head ; in the advanced stages of 
 pregnancy, and in cases of intestinal hernia, me- 
 dicines of this class are to be avoided. And, in 
 general, persons who have weak and delicate sto- 
 machs should be cautious of employing them too 
 freely, since, as Dr. Cullen has remarked, frequent 
 vomiting renders the stomach less fit to retain what 
 
 D 7 
 
34 EVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. Class L 
 
 is thrown into it^ and even weakens its powers of 
 
 digestion. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Emetics. 
 Antimonii praeparata et imprimis Antim. tartarisat. (Tarfris 
 Antimonii, Ph. Ed.) 
 
 Preparations of Antimony and especially Tartarised An- 
 timony, (Tartrite of Antimony, Ph. Ed. ) 
 
 Ipecacuanha Callicocca Ipecac. Brotero. 
 
 Cephaelis Ipecac* Willdenow* 
 Ipecacuanha. 
 
 Scilla Scilla maritima. 
 
 Squill. 
 
 Sinapi Sinapis nigra. 
 
 Mustard. 
 
 Zincum vitriolatum Sulphas Zinci, Ph. Ed*. 
 
 Vitriolated Zinc. (White Vitriol.) 
 
 Powder with Ipecacuanha and Tartarised Antimony. 
 
 R. Pulv. Ipecac. 3j. 
 
 Antimon. tartarisat. (Tartrit Ant. Ph. Ed.) gr. j. 
 
 PltlNGLE. 
 
 StolFs practice was to give 2 scruples of ipeca- 
 cuanha with the same quantity of tartarised anti- 
 mony, for a dose. In this he seems to have fol- 
 lowed Zimmerman. In maniacal cases, a triple 
 proportion, or even more, of the tartarised anti- 
 mony, will often be required to produce a suffi- 
 cient effect. 
 
 Powder with Ipecacuanha and Rhubarb. 
 R. Pulv. Ipecacuanh. 
 
 Rhubarb, aa 3} . M-. 
 
 Stoerck, 
 
Class L EVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. 35 
 
 Ipecacuanha Powder, 
 R. Pulv. Ipecac, gr. xv, 
 Divid. in Dos. iij. 
 One to be taken in the forenoon, every hour and a half, or 
 every Cd hour ; and to be repeated the next day, or day after 
 that, if necessary. In dysenteries. See 
 
 Cleg ho rk. 
 
 This last mode of exhibiting ipecacuanha, is ob- 
 jected to by some, as being liable to fail in the 
 intended effect, while the degree of nausea which 
 it keeps up only serves to increase the patient's 
 distress. — Ipecacuanha given in this manner in dy- 
 senteric cases seems to prove useful, as much by 
 its antispasmodic as by its evacuant operation. 
 
 Powder of Asarakacca* 
 
 R. Pulv. Asari, 3j. 
 This is a moderate and manageable emetic, suitable to many 
 of the purposes of ipecacuanha. 
 
 Cl-llen* 
 
 Bolus with Vitriolaied Zinc. 
 R. Zinc, vitriolat. (Sulphat. Zinc. Ph. Ed ) gr. xxv. 
 Succ. Bacc. Sambue. spissat. q. s. 
 tit fiat Bolus. 
 To be given in a draught of chamomile, or green tea, and 
 to be worked off with the same. 
 
 Gaubivs. 
 
 The inspissated juice of elder-berries is here sub- 
 stituted for the juniper- rob, which is now seldom 
 to be met with in the English shops, 
 
 d 3 
 
36 EVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. Class L 
 
 Whenever, from poisons swallowed, or on any 
 other account, a sudden and complete evacuation 
 of the stomach is required, such a form as this of 
 vitriolated zinc, is well suited to the purpose. It 
 should be accompanied with plentiful dilution. 
 
 Mustard Draught. 
 Mix a tea-spoonfui of Mustard prepared for the table with a 
 tea cupful of warm water, and let it be swallowed j assisting 
 its operation afterwards by repeated draughts of warm water. 
 See 
 
 Citllex. 
 
 Draught of Ipecacuanha Wine. 
 
 Give an ounce, (or in some cases an ounce and a half) of the 
 Ipecacuanha Wine, for a dose. 
 
 Solution of Tartarised Antimony. 
 R. Antimon. Tartar. (Tartrit. Antim. Ph. Ed.) gr. iv. 
 Aq. purre, itj. 
 Fiat Solutio. 
 Dose, a tea cupful every •£ of an hour, till the patient vomits. 
 In bilious fevers. 
 
 Stoll. 
 
 Half the quantity, viz. 1 grs. of tartarised anti- 
 mony will be a sufficient proportion in most 
 cases. A tea cupful is a very indefinite measure. 
 It will be better to direct an ounce and a half, or 
 3 table spoonfuls for a dose. 
 
 Another Solution of Tartarised Antimony. 
 R. Antimon. tartarisat. (Tartrit. Ant. Ph. Ed) gr. j* 
 
Class L fcVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. 37 
 
 Aq. purae 3J. 
 Sacchar. purificat. 5J. M. 
 Two tea spoonfuls, or a dessert spoonful to be given every | 
 hour till the patient vomits. Designed for children. 
 
 NlCOLAl. 
 
 Solution of Vitriolated Zinc and Alum. 
 K. Zinc. Vitriolat. (Sulphat. Zinc. Ph. Ed.) 5Jss. 
 Ahiminis, (Sulphat Aluminae, Ph. Ed.) 5SS. 
 Aq. ferventis ftss. 
 Misce in mortario marraoreo. Solutio per chartam 
 bibulam riltretur. 
 Dose, a table spoonful for adults, and a tea spoonful for a 
 child of six months old (and so in proportion to the strength 
 and age of the patient) every morning upon an empty stomach j 
 and in some cases every six hours, without any addition or alte- 
 ration, by diluting or mixing it with any liquor whatever. In 
 dysentery. With the omission of a little cochineal,, this is the 
 solutio vitriolica of 
 
 MpSELBT. 
 
 The proportion of either the vitriolated zinc 
 (Sulphate of Zinc, Ph. Ed.) or alum, may be aug- 
 mented or diminished, according to circum- 
 stannces; i. e. When evacuations are required, 
 the quantity of alum may be diminished or even 
 entirely omitted; and when great astringency is 
 required, the quantity of alum is to be increased, 
 and the vitriol to be diminished. Alum is a triple 
 salt compounded of vitriolic or sulphuric acid, 
 alumina (pure argill) and potass. It is the Sul- 
 phas Aluminae, Ph. Ed. and the super sulphas alu- 
 minae et potassae of the modern systems of che- 
 mistry. 
 
36 EVACUANTS. D, EMETICS. Class I. 
 
 In slight dysenteries this practitioner assures us, 
 that he has used this solution with the utmost 
 success; giving it at first without the alum, in 
 sufficient doses to cause evacuations, and afterwards 
 with the alum in nauseating doses, frequently with 
 opiates at night. This he has found far more ef- 
 ficacious in dysentery than the tartarised antimony, 
 ipecacuanha, rhubarb, or salts, as evacuants, in 
 whatever manner combined or administered. 
 
 But where a dysentery has been of long standing, 
 the cure necessarily must be performed by slow de- 
 grees ; then a dose every night and morning will 
 be sufficient. It is in inveterate cases to be con^ 
 tinned for weeks or months, omitting it now and 
 then. 
 
 In table spoonful doses it generally causes a vo- 
 miting, or great nausea, and sometimes a purging, 
 for the first few times of taking it. When the sto- 
 mach is foul, vomiting may be encouraged by cha^ 
 momile tea, otherwise that is unnecessary, If after 
 it has been taken several times, it still create vo- 
 miting, or more nausea than is easily supportable 
 (for some nausea is intended) the dose must be 
 diminished. If it continue to purge more than is 
 proper, or cause any griping, neither of which 
 often happens, a few drops of tincture of opium 
 must be given occasionally, or every night, at bed 
 time. 
 
 The solution of vitriolated zinc is also recom- 
 mended jn all pulmonic oppressions^ where respi- 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. 39 
 
 ration is performed with difficulty, and where 
 expectoration is to # be promoted, and the bronchial 
 glands are to be unloaded and cleansed, in nau- 
 seating or slightly vomiting doses. In moist phleg- 
 matic asthmas, in catarrhal coughs, and in the 
 hooping cough, its effects are said to be wonder- 
 ful; taken once or twice a day, particularly in 
 the morning, fasting, in doses to cause a slight 
 retching. In the same manner it removes de- 
 fluctions on the lungs, bronchia and trachea, from 
 relaxation of the parts, or defect of their powers ; 
 and may prevent consumptions, induced by those 
 causes. 
 
 If costiveness, the common consequence of" its 
 continued use, happen, it must be omitted till this 
 is removed by some aperient. The alum ought 
 to be left out when the effects of the vitriol, and 
 not the result of their combination, are required. 
 
 Taken in nauseating doses every eight hours, 
 this medicine has also been known to remove 
 haemorrhages from the lungs. 
 
 In the disorders above mentioned, the solution 
 of vitriolated zinc is said to be preferable to every 
 other nauseating or emetic medicine whatever, be- 
 cause the patient is not harassed with its operation, 
 which is never violent (as antimonials sometimes 
 are) generally instantaneous, and as suddenly over, 
 always leaving the stomach strongly invigorated; 
 because it never causes spasms in the viscera, nor 
 any nervous affection s^ which antimonials carelessly 
 
40 EVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. Class L 
 
 exhibited often occasion ; and lastly, because it re- 
 quires neither dilution with it nor regimen, nor 
 restriction after it, The only objection to it, is its 
 disagreeable taste, which it is said cannot be im- 
 proved without destroying its virtues. 
 
 Infusion of Ipecacuanha. 
 R. Rad. Ipecacuanh. contus. iis3. 
 
 Crvst. Tar't. (Supertartrit. Potassa?, Ph. Ed.) 5J. 
 Aq. ferventis ^iijss. 
 Macera per horam, dein cola et adde 
 Syr. Simpl. 3jss. 
 Dose, a table spoonful every half hour till it operates. In 
 dysenteric cases. With the substitution of 5SS of common syrup 
 in place of the same quantity of oxymel of squill this is from 
 
 Nicolai. 
 
 This preparation has also been given with 
 great advantage in bilious fevers, In icteric cases, 
 in humoral asthmas, dropsical affections, &c. 
 
 Haller recommends a decoction of ipecacuanha, 
 consisting of the same ingredients, with the addi- 
 tion of the peel of the Curassao or Seville orange. 
 
 Syrup of Ipecacuanha. 
 
 R. Rad. Ipecac, contus. 5J. 
 Cort. Cinnam. contus. 3ss. 
 Aq. ferventis 5V. 
 Macera per horam, in vase operto. Liquori colato 
 adde Sacchari pur. quantum satis sit, ut flat Syrupus. 
 Dose, from a dessert to a table spoonful, for children and 
 young persons. With the omission of one or two superfluous 
 ingredients, this is from 
 
 Hautman. 
 
€1(ISS' 1. EVACUANTS. B. CATHARTICS. 41 
 
 Tobacco Poultice. 
 
 R. Folior. Nicotians manipul. jss. 
 
 Contunde cum quantitate sufficient aquae in cata- 
 plasma. 
 To be applied to the region of the stomach. In cases where 
 emetics cannot be given by the mouth. 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 
 
 Under this head are here comprehended all 
 those substances which promote the excrementi- 
 tious discharge from the bowels, and which by 
 different authors have been variously termed Pur- 
 gatives, Laxatives, Solutives, Eccoprotics, Ape- 
 rients, Deobstruents, &c. distinctions of little 
 practical use ; since purgatives in small do§es are 
 laxatives, and laxatives in large doses are purga- 
 tives. See Synops. of the Mat. Med. Vol. I. 
 p. 182. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Cathartics, 
 
 Aloe Aloe perfoliata. 
 
 Aloes. 
 Bryonia Bryonia alba. 
 
 White Bryony. 
 Cassia fistularis Cassia Fistula. 
 
 Cassia. 
 Colocynthis Cucumis Colocyntiis. 
 
 Coloquintida, or bitter apple. 
 Cucumis agrestis Momordica Efatcrium, 
 
 Wild Cucumber. 
 
42 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. tSldSS L 
 
 Gambogia Stalagmitis Cambogioides ? 
 
 Gamboge. 
 Genista Spartium scoparium. 
 
 Broom. 
 Gratiola. „ . . . . Gratiola officinalis. 
 
 Hedge Hyssop. 
 Helleborus niger Helleborus niger* 
 
 Black Hellebore. 
 Jalapium Convolvulus Julapa. 
 
 Jalap. 
 
 Manna, Fraxini Orni succus concretus. 
 
 Nicotiana Nicotiana Tabacum. 
 
 Tobacco. 
 Rhabarbarum Rheum palmatum. 
 
 Rhubarb. 
 Ricini Oleum Ricinus communis. 
 
 Castor Oil. 
 Sambucus. ..... Sambucus nigra. 
 
 Elder. 
 Scammonium. ...... Convolvulus Scammome. 
 
 Scammony. 
 Senna Cassia Senna. 
 
 Senna. 
 Spina eervina Rhamnus catharticas* 
 
 Buckthorn. 
 Tamarindus Tamarindus Jndica. 
 
 Tamarind. 
 Taraxacum Leontodon Taraxacum. 
 
 Dandelion. 
 
 Magnesia alba Carbonas Magnesiae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Magnesia. Carbonate of Magnesia. 
 
 Magnesia nsta Magnesia, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Calcined Magnesia. 
 Magnesia vitriolata Sulphas Magnesiae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Vitriolated Magnesia. (P^psom Salt.) Sulphate of 
 
 Magnesia. 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 43 
 
 Natron muriatum Murias Sodae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Muriated Natron. (Common Salt.) Muriate of Soda. 
 Natron vitriolatum Sulphas Sodae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Vitriolated Natron. (Glauber's Salt) Sulphate of Soda. 
 Natron tartarisatum Tartris potassae et Sodee, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Tartarised Natron. (Rochelle Salt.) Tartrite of potass 
 and Soda. 
 Natron phosphoramm Phosphas Sodae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Phosphorated Natron. Phosphate of Soda. 
 
 Crystalli Tartari Supertartris Potassae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Crystals of Tartar. (Cream of Tartar.) Supertartrite 
 of Potass. 
 Kali tartarisatum Tartris potassae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Tartarised kali. (Soluble Tartar.) Tartrite of potass. 
 Kali vitriolatum Sulphas potassse, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Vitriolated kali. (Vitriolated Tartar.) Sulphate of potass. 
 
 Sapo. 
 
 Soap. 
 Sulphur sublimatum. 
 
 Sublimed Sulphur. (Flowers of Sulphur.) 
 Hydrargyria purifkatus. 
 
 Purified Quicksilver. 
 Calomel Submurias Hydrarg. Ph. Ed. 
 
 Calomel. Submuriate of Quicksilver. 
 
 Aqua marina. 
 
 Sea Water. Salt Water. 
 Aquae Fontium Salinorum, quales sunt in hisce regionibus 
 Fontes a pud Cheltenham, Epsom, Scarborough, &c. 
 
 The Waters of Saline Springs, such as, in this country, 
 the Springs at Cheltenham, Epsom, Scarborough, &c. 
 
 Powder with Rhubarb and Calcined Magnesia. 
 R. Pulv. Rhabarb. 5SS. 
 Magnes. ust. 9ss, 
 PI. Anisi gtt.j r 
 
44 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Class I. 
 
 Proper where acidity prevails in the primae viae. Varied 
 from 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 Powder with Rhubarb and Vitriolated Magnesia, 
 
 IL Magnes. Vitrioiat. (SulphatMagn. Ph. Ed.) ^iij. 
 Pulv. Rhabarb. !y. 
 To serve for two or three doses. This is the pulvis diges- 
 tivus laxans of the 
 
 Ph. Suec. 
 
 Powder with Rhubarb and Tartar ised Kali. 
 
 R. Kali tartarisat. (Tartritis Potassse, Ph. Ed.) 51J. 
 Pulv. Rhabarb. 5J. 
 
 Cort. Exterior. Aurant. Hispalens. 3-ij. 
 Dose, about a tea spoonful twice or thrice in a day. This 
 is the pulvis lenitivus of the 
 
 Disp. Fulb. 
 
 Powder with Rhubarb and Crystals of Tartar. 
 
 R. Crystal!. Tart. (Supertartritis Potassse, Ph. Ed.) 
 partes ij. 
 
 Pulv. Rhabarbari, partem j. 
 Dose, 5J. or 5jss. 
 
 Bans. 
 
 Powder with Jalap and Calomel. 
 
 R. Pulv. Jalapii gr. vj. 
 
 Calomel. (Submuriatis Hydr. Ph. Ed.) gr. iij. M. 
 For young persons whose bowels are obstructed with slime. 
 Altered from 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 To prevent griping it may be useful to add a drop of some 
 essential oil* 
 
Class L EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 4£ 
 
 Powder with Jalap and Crystals of Tartar. 
 
 Give of the Compound Powder of Jalap, Ed. Ph. 3ij. or $j. 
 for a dose. Some people add a little ginger to prevent griping. 
 
 Powder with Senna and Scammony. 
 Give of the Compound Powder of Senna, L. Ph. two scru- 
 ples for a dose. 
 
 Powder with Aloes and Canella, L. Ph. 
 Dose, fifteen or twenty grains. 
 
 Powder ivith Aloes and Guaiacum, L. Ph. 
 Dose, the same as the preceding. 
 
 Powder ivith Scammony and Crystals of Tartar. 
 
 Give of the Compound Powder of Scammony, Ed. Ph. a 
 sCrliple for a dose. 
 
 Poivder ivith Scammony and Extract of Jalap. 
 
 Give of the Compound Powder of Scammony, L. Ph. tea, 
 twelve, or fifteen grains. 
 
 Powder with Scanunony and Aloes, L. Ph« 
 Dose, ten or twelve grains. 
 
 The two last-mentioned compositions are best 
 exhibited in the form of pills or boluses. 
 
 Powder ivith Scammony and Calomel, L. Ph. 
 Dose, fifteen grains. 
 
 A larger dose of this powder, such as a scruple, 
 may be given at once ; but in most of those cases 
 
46 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. CkiSS ft 
 
 of constipated bowels (worm cases excepted) to 
 which this medicine is suited, smaller quantities 
 of it, repeated at shorter intervals, being less 
 liable to be rejected by the stomach, will be found 
 to answer best. The same may be said of all the 
 other drastic purgatives. 
 
 Gamboge Powder. 
 
 R. Gambogiae gr. iij. 
 
 Sacchar. puriricat. 3j. 
 Tere simul in Pulv. 
 To be taken every 3d hour. In dropsies. 
 
 Culled. 
 
 This author is of opinion, that gamboge, in 
 moderate doses, repeated soon after one another, 
 proves safer and more effectual than when given 
 in large doses at once. In this manner, he found 
 it to operate without vomiting or griping : and at 
 the same time, after three or four such exhibi- 
 tions, a great deal of water was evacuated both by 
 stool and urine. 
 
 In worm cases this cathartic is given in much 
 larger doses. See Anthelmintics. Both as a 
 vermifuge and as a hydragogue, it is common to 
 join calomel with it. 
 
 Pills ivith Soap and Aloes* 
 
 R. Sapon. Venet. ^jss. 
 Aloes socot. *,ss. 
 Syr. Simpl. q. s. 
 Ut fiant Pilulae, singula pondeie gran, vr. 
 
Class L EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS, 47 
 
 Three to be taken every 3d hour, with a draught of tea, or 
 gruel afterwards. In cases of jaundice. Altered from 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 According to Dr. Cull en, soap possesses but 
 little laxative power. He allows, however, that 
 he has found it useful in jaundice, by its correct- 
 ing (as he chuses to explain its operation) the aci- 
 dity of the stomach, and by obviating in some 
 measure the argillaceous consistence of the faeces* 
 
 Pills ivith Soap and Rhubarb. 
 
 R. Pulv. Rhabarb. 
 Extr. Geniianse. 
 
 Sapon. Hispan. singulorum, partes aequales.. 
 Syr. Simpl. q. s. 
 XJt fiant Pilulae mediocri magnitudine. 
 Dose, 3 or 4 occasionally. Suited to the last mentioned 
 case3. Altered from 
 
 Reuss. Disp. 
 
 Pills with Rhubarb and Aloes. 
 
 Give of the Compound Pills of Rhubarb, Ed. Ph. 3j twice 
 a day. 
 
 In the same manner may be given the Pills with Aloes and 
 Myrrh, L. Ph. 
 
 Pills with Aloes and Gamboge. 
 
 R. Aloes socot. partes v. 
 Sagapeni partes iij. 
 Garnbogiae partes ij. 
 Ol. Stillat. Chamsemel. partem j, 
 Gum. Arab, partes ij. 
 Syrup. Spina; Cervinae q. 8. 
 Ut fiant Pilulae* 
 
48 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Class L 
 
 From 6 to 10 grs. of this mass operate gently without giving 
 pain, in most cases. 
 
 G. Fordyce. 
 
 The gum arabic here directed is necessary to 
 rive a due consistency to the mass. 
 
 Pills with Aloes and Extract of Gentian. 
 
 Give of the Compound Pills of Aloes, L. Ph. 15 or 20 grs. 
 it bed time. In cases of habitual costiveness. 
 
 Pills with Aloes and Ipecacuanha. 
 
 R. Aloes socot. 3ij. 
 Pulv. Ipecac, gr, iv. 
 Sapon. Hisp. 3j. 
 Fiant Pil. singulae pond. gr. iv. 
 Five to be taken for a dose. Designed for cases of sup- 
 pressed haemorrhoids. 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 Aloes is a cathartic which operates especially 
 upon the rectum ; and hence it will often succeed 
 in bringing on the bleeding piles, the stopping of 
 which is sometimes followed by dangerous con- 
 sequences. But with this intention it must be 
 given in large and repeated doses. 
 
 Quicksilver Pills. 
 Give of the Quicksilver Pill, L. Ph. 3j. at bed time, assist- 
 ing the operation of the pills the next morning with infusion 
 of senna, or solution of vitriolated natron, vitriolated mag r 
 nesia, or the like. 
 
 The Quicksilver Pills, Ph. Lond. are stronger 
 
Class L EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 4§ 
 
 than those of the Ed. Pharmacopoeia. Of the 
 former 12 grs. contain 4 grs. of triturated quick- 
 silver, whereas 1 5 grs. of the latter contain only 
 3-|- grs. of the same metallic ingredient. 
 
 Pills with Colocynth and Scammony. 
 R. Extr. Colocynth. compos. 3j. 
 Opii purificat. gr. j. 
 Fiant Pil. iv. 
 To be taken at once, assisting their operation a few hours 
 afterwards, with the Senna Draught, Draught with Vitriolated 
 Magnesia, or Draught with Oil of Ricinus, as mentioned far- 
 ther on, every hour, or every two hours, till the bowels are 
 sufficiently purged. In cases of iliac passion, and in the colic 
 of Poitou, or dry belly-ach. See 
 
 Mead. 
 
 In the last mentioned disease, viz. the colic of 
 Poitou, or as it is variously termed, the Devon- 
 shire colic, the Painter's colic, &c. Sir G. Baker 
 observes, that we ought principally to rely on the 
 operation of the more active cathartics, steadily 
 insisted on until the bowels have been thoroughly 
 cleared. But a physician, he adds, will not pro- 
 bably succeed so soon, or so certainly, in relieving 
 his patient from pain, by any means, as by joining 
 opium (which we see is done in this prescription 
 of Dr. Mead's) with a purgative medicine. In 
 eases, likewise (continues the same author) where 
 such a disposition to vomiting prevails, that 
 nothing is retained in the stomach, opium will be 
 thus administered with a peculiar advantage. In 
 E 
 
50 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. CldSS P. 
 
 other respects, Sir George differs both in opinion 
 and practice, from some other practitioners, and 
 particularly from the late Dr. Warren, concerning 
 the time and manner of exhibiting the anodyne ; 
 which the last mentioned physician prescribes at 
 the very beginning, and before the contents of 
 the bowels have been brought away by purging 
 medicines; considering the disease to consist in 
 a spasmodic constriction of the intestines, which 
 the irritating effects of cathartics are at first apt 
 to increase. Agreeably to these notions, he with- 
 holds the medicines of this class till the third or 
 fourth day, till the pain and tension of the belly 
 are removed ; and then he only prescribes some 
 of the milder laxatives, such as the Draught with 
 Vitriolated Magnesia, as noticed farther on. A 
 practice similar to this of Dr. Warren's, was 
 adopted by the late Dr. Stoll, for the cure of the 
 same affection. The Vienna physician employed 
 the opium mostly in a fluid form (as in the mix- 
 ture with opium, mentioned under the class of 
 Narcotics) and so freely, that in the course of one 
 night, a patient took 1 3 grs. of the poppy extract. 
 He was frequently astonished to find, he says, 
 that the belly, which could not before be opened 
 by any means, after giving a large dose of opium, 
 either became loose of itself, or yielded to the 
 glysters which had been repeatedly thrown up, 
 but to no purpose, before; or lastly, stools might 
 then be procured by the use of a mild purge. 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 51 
 
 Instead of throwing opium into the stomach, 
 either along with or before the cathartic, Dv Per- 
 cival advises the injecting of it into the intestines* 
 in these cases. For opium given glyster-wise, 
 does not, he observes, check the peristaltic motion 
 of the intestines, nor counteract the operation of 
 any purgative, so powerfully, as when received 
 into the stomach. And, in this way it is said to 
 be most efficacious in alleviating the sickness, and 
 in putting a stop to the violent retchings with 
 which colics are often attended. He directs a 
 glyster to be made of 3 or 4 ounces of a strong 
 decoction of poppy heads, with 20, 30, or 40 
 drops of tincture of opium. If it be speedily dis- 
 charged, the glyster is repeated till the pain is re- 
 lieved, and the vomiting ceases. A brisk cathartic 
 (in the form of pills made of calomel and jalap) is 
 then given ; and its operation is quickened by 
 senna tea, by a solution of the neutral salts, or by 
 castor oil. By this process, he has found that 
 evacuations are procured with more ease, cer- 
 tainty, and expedition, than by any other which 
 he has tried. 
 
 The activity of the above pills is considerably 
 promoted by the addition of calomel, which will 
 be found to be an useful adjunct in most cases. 
 
 In the same manner, in the same doses, and in 
 the same cases, may be given the 
 
 Fills with Aloes and Colocynth, Ed. PL 
 
52 BVACUANT8. E. CATHARTICS. Class L 
 
 Calomel Pills. 
 
 R. Calomel (Submuriatis Hydr. Ph. Ed.) gr. xij. * 
 Pulv. Aromat. 3ss. 
 Muc. G. Ar. q. s. 
 Ut fiant Pil. iv. 
 For one dose. In the diy belly ach, so common in the 
 West Indies. 
 
 Clark. 
 
 In these cases Dr. Clark considers Calomel in large 
 doses (gr. xij. or xv.) as the sheet anchor. Some 
 practitioners join opium with the calomel. The dry 
 belly ach is the same disease with the colicapictonum. 
 
 Pills with Jalap, Calomel, and Ant imonial Powder. 
 R. Pulv. Jalapii gr. v. 
 
 Antimonialis gr. iij. 
 
 Calomel. (Submuriat. Hydrarg. Ph. Ed.) gr. ij. 
 Muc. G. Arab. q. s. 
 Ut fiant Pil. iij. 
 To be taken every hour until they shall have produced co- 
 pious evacuations by stool. In the remittent fevers of the 
 
 West Indies. 
 
 Lempriere. 
 
 The Pulvis Antimonialis, Ph. L. is called in the 
 new Ed. Pharmacopoeia, Oxidum Antimonii cam 
 Phosphate Calcis. 
 
 Very large doses of calomel and jalap are pre- 
 scribed by the West Indian and American practi- 
 tioners, in the yellow fever. Dr. Rush seldom 
 gives less than 10 grs. of the former, and 15 of 
 the latter, for a single dose, in such cases. 
 
 # People living in the West Indies often require 3 times as 
 snuch calomel for a dose as-persons in Europe. 
 
ClaSS I. EVACVANTS. K. CATHARTICS. 53 
 
 Pills with Gamboge and Calomel. 
 
 R. Gambogiae gr. iv. 
 
 Calomel. (Submur. Hydr. Ph. Ed.) gr. iij. 
 Extr. Colocynth. comp. gr. xv\ 
 Bals. Per. q. s. 
 Ut fiantPil. viij. 
 To serve for two doses. The £d dose to be repeated a an 
 Jiour after the first. In dropsical cases. Varied from 
 
 Hautmax . 
 
 Formerly it was usual to join a variety of sub- 
 stances, but particularly alkaline and neutral salts 
 with gamboge, under the notion that they acted 
 as correctors of its supposed virulence ; but this 
 notion, and the practice founded upon it, are now 
 laid aside. For the purpose, however, of promot- 
 ing the cathartic and diuretic operation of this 
 gum resin, it is useful to give occasional draughts 
 of solution of vitriolated magnesia, vitriolated na- 
 tron, or any other saline purgative, after it. 
 
 Mercury, independently of its effects on the 
 lymphatic system, is otherwise peculiarly service- 
 able as a purgative in hydropic cases; most of the 
 encysted instances of which, as Dr. James Lind 
 has very judiciously remarked, proceed from col- 
 lections of the taenia hydatigena, to which the 
 quicksilver, some of which is absorbed in its pas- 
 sage through the bowels, proves a certain poison. 
 The case related by him in the first part of 
 the London Medical Journal for the year 1789, 
 is a striking proof of the truth of this ob- 
 
5 i EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Class L 
 
 servation. In such cases, mercurial inunction 
 upon the hydropic part is likewise of great ser- 
 vice. See Sialagogues. 
 
 Pills with Extract of Black Hellebore. 
 R. Extr. Hellebor. nigri. 
 Myrrhae aa £ss. 
 Extr. Gentianae 3ss. 
 Fiant Pilulae. singula? ponder, gr. iij. 
 One or two pills to be taken twice a day, oroftener. Suited 
 to cases of dropsy and amenorrhaea. Varied from the 
 
 Ph. Genev. 
 
 This formula is an imitation of Bacher's pills. 
 In dropsical cases jalap may be joined with the 
 hellebore extract in place of the myrrh, adding a 
 few drops of some essential oil to prevent gripings. 
 During the use of this medicine, dropsical pa- 
 tients should be directed to drink plentifully of 
 lemonade, juniper-tea, &x. as by so doing a co- 
 pious evacuation by urine as well as stool, will be 
 produced. 
 
 m 
 
 Rhubarb Bolus. 
 R. Pulv. Rhabarb. 5ss. 
 Syr. Zingib. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 To be taken in a morning. 
 
 Sr. Thos. Iiosp, 
 
 Bolus with Rhubarb and Jalap. 
 R. Pulv. Rhabarb. £ss. 
 ■■ Jalap. 3ss. 
 
Glass 1, EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 55 
 
 Syr. Zingib. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 
 Saunders. 
 
 Bolus with Rhubarb and Calomel. 
 R. Pulv. Rhabarb. gr. xxv. 
 
 Calomel. (Submur. Hydrarg. Ph. Ed.) gr. v. 
 Syr. Simpl. vel Cons. Cynosb. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 To be given every morning in dysenteries. See 
 
 Pringle, 
 
 Who says that the proportion of Rhubarb may 
 sometimes be increased to half a drachm. He 
 observes that it is commonly under-dosed, and 
 that he has never found it in this disorder to have 
 so good an effect as when combined with calomel, 
 which renders it more lenient in its operation. 
 See also Cleghorn, Clark, and other writers on the 
 diseases of warm climates, for corroborating tes- 
 timonies respecting the advantages of calomel 
 purges in dysentery. 
 
 Jalap Bolus. 
 
 R. Pulv. Jalapii 5SS. 
 — Zingrb. gr. vj. 
 Syr. Ros. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 To be taken in a morning. 
 
 Saunders. 
 
 . The operation of all compositions of this kind, 
 should be promoted by the use of neutral salts. 
 
56 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Class 1. 
 
 It is not unusual to direct crystals of tartar to be 
 joined with rhubarb and jalap boluses ; but in 
 these cases it is much better to give this, and all 
 other salts, some time after the boluses, in a state 
 of dilute solution. 
 
 Scammony Bolus, 
 
 R. Elect. Scammon. ^ss. 
 Pulv. Glycyrrhiz. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 
 Bolus ivith Bryony. 
 
 R. Pulv. Rad. Bryoniae alb 3ij. 
 
 Natr. vltriolat. (Sulphat. Sods, Ph. Ed.) 3j. 
 Mellis vel Syr. Simpl. q. s. 
 ' Ut fiat Bolus. 
 This is a drastic purge, suited to dropsical and maniacal cases. 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 On account of its active virtues, this plant, 
 though not inserted in the materia medica of our 
 college, has a strong claim to the attention of 
 practitioners ; and it might perhaps, as well as a 
 few other indigenous vegetables, under proper ma- 
 nagement, be made to supply the place of some 
 of the more costly exotics. — Among our own 
 countrymen, Sydenham employed it with advan- 
 tage, removing a maniacal aifection by a drachm 
 o r the root given in milk. Along with its pur- 
 gative, it generally shews also a diuretic operatiop. 
 (See Practical Synops. of the Mat. Med. p. 187.) 
 To prevent griping, two or three drops of oil of 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 57 
 
 peppermint, or any other essential oil, may be 
 added. 
 
 Electuary with Tamarinds and Rhubarb. 
 R. Pulpae Tamarind. 5jss. 
 Pulv. Rhabarb. 5J. 
 
 Cryst. Tart. (Supertartrit. Potassax, Ph. Ed.) Jtj. 
 Syr. Ros. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Electuarium. 
 Dose, the size of a walnut every 3d or 4th hour till it ope- 
 rates, with a draught of some weak cooling drink after eacii 
 dose. In bilious and putrid fevers. 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 Electuary with Tamarinds and Tartarked Natron. 
 R. Pulp. Tamarind, jjss. 
 Manns opt. 
 Natr. tartarisat. aa |si. 
 Syr. Ros. q s. 
 Ut fiat Electuarium. 
 Dose, the same as above. Varied from 
 
 Sauwdeus. 
 
 The sal rupellensis or natron tartarisatum (s^ys 
 Dr. Cullen) is of a less disagreeable taste than 
 almost any other neutral salt ; and as it answers 
 every purpose for which these can be required, 
 he expects it [will come to be very generally em- 
 ployed. It is a triple salt, and is the tartrie po- 
 tassae et sodae of the new Edinb. Pharm. 
 
 Electuary with Tamarinds and Senna. 
 
 R. Pulp. Tamarind. Jiss. 
 Pulv. Fol. Senna? ^ss. 
 
58 EVACUANTS. £. CATHARTICS. CiaSS L 
 
 Syr. Ros. q. s. 
 Ut fiat §lectuarium. 
 Dose, as above. 
 
 Pk. Suec. 
 
 Electuary with Manna and Crystals of Tartar . 
 R. Mannae opt. 3jss. 
 
 Cryst. Tart. (Supertartrit. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) ^ss. 
 Syr. Ros. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Electuariurm 
 Dose, a tea spoonful every hoar till it operates. Varied from 
 
 Herz. 
 
 Electuary with Jalap & Oxymel of Meadow Saffron. 
 R. Succ. sp r ssat. Bacc. Sambuci 3J. 
 
 Crystal. Tartari (Supertart. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 5"iij. 
 Pulv. jalap. 5ij. 
 
 Zingib. 3ij. 
 
 Oxymel. Colchici 5JSS. 
 Misceantur ut flat Eleetuarium. 
 Dose, from a tea to a table spoonful. In dropsical cases 
 Varied from the 
 
 Disp. Fuld. 
 
 Sulphur Electuary. 
 
 R. Sulphur, sublimat. 5SS. 
 Elect. Sennae sjss. 
 Syr. Ros. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Eleetuarium. 
 Dose, a tea spoonful night and morning. In hemorrhoidal 
 affections. With the substitution of syrup of roses for syrup 
 of marsh mallow, this is from 
 
 Lewis's Disr. 
 
 This composition may be further varied in 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS.. 50 
 
 these cases, by directing only an ounce of the 
 elect, sennas, and adding -V an ounce of crystals of 
 tartar; and employing syrup of ginger in place of 
 the above-mentioned syrups. 
 
 Sulphur, says Dr. Cullcn, is laxative without 
 heating the body, and for the most part without 
 griping the bowels; and were it not for the faetor 
 that sometimes attends its operation, and is ready 
 to be diffused in the air around, it would be, he 
 thinks, one of the most agreeable laxatives that 
 could be employed. As it is not obviously so- 
 luble in the animal fluids, he supposes it passes 
 through a long tract of the intestines, with 
 little action upon them, and at length acts only 
 upon the great guts : and in this way he explains 
 both its moderate operation, and its particular and 
 frequently observed effect in relieving hemor- 
 rhoidal affections. 
 
 In the same manner may be given the 
 
 Electuary of Cassia, 
 
 and the 
 
 Electuary of Senna. 
 
 Senna Draught. 
 R. Infus. Senna? tartarisat. 3J. 
 Tinct. Sennoe 5'ij. M. 
 
 Mead. 
 
 In many cases the quantity of this infusion 
 may be increased to Jj ss > a "d that of the tinc- 
 ture to gss, for a dose. 
 
 In the same quantities may (with or without 
 
60 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Class I. 
 
 an addition of the tinctures of rhubarb and senna) 
 be given the 
 
 Infusion of Rhubarb, 
 and the 
 Infusion of Tamarind and Senna, 
 Both of the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Draught with Infusion of Senna and Vitriolaied 
 Magnesia. 
 R. Magnes. Vitriolat. (Sulphat. Magnes. Ph. Ed.) 51J. 
 Infus. Sennae 3J. 
 Solve. 
 To be taken every two hours till stools are procured. In co» 
 lica pictonum. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 In this affection of the bowels, the Doctor says, 
 he has always found such a gentle medicine as this 
 more efficacious than any drastic purge whatever. 
 It is not specified in the original prescription, 
 which of the cathartic salts is intended, viz. 
 whether it be the bitter cathartic salt, i. e. the 
 titriolated magnesia, or the cathartic salt of Glau- 
 ber, i. e. the vitriolated natron. The effects of 
 both being the same, either of them may be used 
 indifferently. 
 
 Where the stomach is not disposed to reject the 
 medicine, an increased quantity of the senna in- 
 fusion may be prescribed. 
 
 Draught with Infusion of Senna and Tincture of 
 Jalap. 
 XI. Infus. Sennae *j. 
 
€laSi 1. EYACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 01 
 
 Tinct. Jalap. 1$s. 
 Acet. Scillae. 
 
 Tinct. Cinnam. comp. aa $j. M. 
 Designed for dropsical cases. Varied from 
 
 Fox's Form. 
 
 Instead of infusion of senna, an equal quantity 
 of any of the distilled waters, with a couple of 
 drachms of some of the cathartic salts dissolved in 
 it, may sometimes be preferable. 
 
 Draught with Infusion of Tamarinds and Rhubarb. 
 R. Tamavindor. ^ss. 
 Fol. Sennae 5ij. 
 Rhabarbari 5jss. 
 Coque s. q. 
 
 Aquae. In Colatur. 5'iij. 
 Solve Mannae |j. 
 To be taken early in a morning. Jn dysenteries. 
 With the omission of an ounce of syrup oi roses (a cum- 
 bersome addition to a medicine otherwise sufficiently bulky) 
 this is the favourite potio cathartica lenitiva of 
 
 Sydenham. 
 
 Draught with Castor Oil and Tincture of Soma. 
 
 R. Ol. Ricini £vj. 
 Tinct. Sennas 5'rj. 
 Agitentur simul in phin.la donee probe misceantur, 
 To be given for a dose, and to be repeated at short interval* 
 ti]l it loosens the belly. In cases of habitual costiveness, spas- 
 modic colic, and especially the dry belly ach, and in hemor- 
 rhoidal affections. 
 
 CULLE>\ 
 
 As an oil, this medicine is nauseous to some per- 
 sons; and when the dose is large, ;t occasions 
 
62 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Class L 
 
 sickness at the stomach for some time after it is 
 taken. To obviate these inconveniences, with- 
 out withdrawing any part of the purgative, Dr. 
 Cullen here employs the tincture of senna, which, 
 he says, both makes the oil less nauseous to the 
 taste, and makes it sit easier on the stomach. 
 
 Draught with Castor Oil and Tincture of Opium, 
 
 R. Ol. Ricini ^ss. 
 Vitell. Ovi. q. s. 
 Aq. menth. pip. 5j 
 Tinct. Opii gtt. vj. 
 Syr. Papav. alb. 5'ij. 
 M. F. Haustus. 
 To be taken every three or four hours. In colic. See 
 
 PercivaI. 
 
 For incorporating expressed oils with water or 
 other liquids, vegetable mucilage, such as gum 
 arabic, seems preferable to the yolk of egg. 
 
 It is not unusual to mix this oil with other 
 liquids, by means of honey, which at the same 
 time contributes to its laxative operation, and on 
 this account is preferable to the common muci- 
 lages. But the simplest, and perhaps the best 
 way of taking the oil of ricinus, is to pour it into 
 a wine-glass half full of common water or pepper- 
 mint water, and swallow it off as it floats upon 
 he water. 
 
 Draught with Gamboge and Syrup of Buckthorn. 
 R. Gambqgise gr. m. 
 
Class 1. EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 63 
 
 Aq. Ammonias gtt. xx. 
 Tere simul et adde 
 
 Syr. Spinae Cervinae 51J. 
 Aq. foenicuh 5J. M. 
 Designed for cases of dropsy. 
 
 HaRTM AIT. 
 
 Draught with Wine of Aloes and Oxymel of Squill. 
 
 R. Vin. Aloes 5JSS. 
 Oxymel. Scill. '5'ij. 
 Aq. fceniculi 5SS. 
 Suited to the same cases. See 
 
 Fox's Form. 
 
 Draught of the Compound Tincture of Rhubarb. 
 Give of the Compound Tinct. of Rhubarb an ounce and a 
 half. 
 
 In the same quantity may be given the 
 
 Compound Tincture of Rhubarb, Ed. Ph. 
 
 Draught of Wine of Aloes. 
 Give of the Wine of Aloes an ounce. 
 
 In the same manner may be given the 
 Tincture of Aloes, 
 
 Instead of giving these tinctures by themselves, 
 it is much better to prescribe them in smaller 
 doses, mixed with a triple proportion of infusion 
 of rhubarb, infusion of senna, infusion of tama- 
 rinds, &c. or with solutions of some of the neu- 
 tral salts. 
 
64 EVACtfANTS. E. CATHARTICS. CklSS L 
 
 Potion of Phosphorated Natron. 
 
 Give for a dose £vj. of the phosphorated natron (phosphate 
 of soda, Ed. Ph.) dissolved in a basin of gruel or broth. 
 
 This neutral salt, introduced as an article ot 
 the materia medica by Dr. George Pearson, is 
 among the least unpalatable of all the saline pur- 
 gatives. It has been objected, however, that even 
 in larger doses, such as an ounce or ten drachms, 
 it is not sufficiently operative in the generality 
 of cases. 
 
 Solution of Pltriolated Magnesia. 
 
 R. Magnes. Vitriolat. (Sulphat. Magn. Ph. Ed.) 51J, 
 Aquae purae ftj. 
 Solve. 
 Dose, two large spoonfuls every half hour, or one spoonful 
 at shorter intervals, as long as the patient's stomach will bear 
 it, or till he has had two or three motions. In colicky affections. 
 
 Pringle. 
 
 This medicine was recommended to Sir J. 
 Pringie by Dr. Heberden, who found that, al- 
 though it has a disagreeable taste, the stomach 
 will often retain it when more grateful liquors are 
 rejected. 
 
 Solution of Vilr'wlaled Natron with Tartarised 
 Antimony. 
 
 K. Natr. Vitriolat. (Sulphat. Sodae, Ph. Ed.) 3j. 
 Antim. tartar, (tirtlit. Ant. Ph. Ed-) gr. j. 
 Aq. purae Icj. 
 
 Solve. 
 
Class I. EVACJUANTS. £. CATHARTICS. 6j 
 
 Dose, two large spoonfuls every hour until it operates 
 Well downwards. See 
 
 Wade. 
 
 The proportion of the cathartic salt may some- 
 times be doubled. Vitriolated natron, or vitrio- 
 lated magnesia^ given in this manner, in conjunc- 
 tion with tartarised antimony, is a purgative par- 
 ticularly suited to the bilious fevers of hot cli- 
 mates. It is upon the early and continued use of 
 evacuants of this kind, that the cure of such 
 fevers principally depends. With the antimonial 
 salt in a larger proportion, we have what is termed 
 an emeto-cathartic ; a medicine which operates 
 both upwards and downwards. 
 
 Mixture with Syrup of 'Buckthorn arid Oxymel of 
 
 Squill. 
 
 R. Kali praeparat. (Carbonat. Potassoe, Ph. Ed.) 3jss, 
 Succ. Limon. rec. |ijss. 
 Aq. Menth. pip. 
 Syr. Spinae cervinse aa |ij, 
 Oxymel. Scillae 3jss. 
 '"Three large spoonfuls to be taken night and morning ; and 
 to be repeated every 3d day in the same manner. In dropsies* 
 Varied from 
 
 Fox's Form* 
 
 This medicine is both cathartic and diuretic. 
 
 Infusion of Hedge Hyssop. 
 R. Herb. Gratiolae 5J. 
 Lacfcis fervent, tbj. 
 
 F 
 
66 EVACUANTS* £. CATHARTICS. Class L 
 
 Die:ere ad cineres calidos per horam. Colaturae 
 adde Mellis 3ss. 
 Dose, two or three table spoonfuls every hour or every 2nd 
 hour. In hydropic and worm cases.' • 
 
 Haiitman. 
 
 For dropsical patients, the herb may be infused 
 in the proportion of two drachms to half a pint; 
 and with such intention, beer may be employed 
 instead of milk. This is an active medicine, being 
 liable to vomit as well as purge ; for which reason 
 it will be prudent to use it only in small doses. 
 Bergius (whose practice in certain cases is to give 
 ten grains of it in powder, with half as much gen- 
 tian, every two hours till it operates) thinks that 
 this plant is by no means undeserving of the at- 
 tention of physicians. This plant, says Dr. 
 Woodville, has commonly been used in hydro- 
 pical diseases ; and in moderate doses it is said 
 not only to act as an hydragogue, but also to 
 prove diuretic. Gesner and Bergius found a 
 scruple of the powder a sufficient dose ; but 
 others have given it to half a drachm, two scru- 
 ples, or a drachm. 
 
 Decoction of Tamarinds. 
 
 K. Tamarindor. 31J* 
 
 Ser. Lactis dulc. ifcij. 
 Soive coquendo et cola. 
 Dose, a tea cupful every hour or every 2nd hour in dy- 
 senteries. 
 
 Stoll, 
 
Class L EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 67 
 
 Who used to add a few drops of Hoffman's anodyne 
 liquor to this decoction. In many cases the pro- 
 portion of tamarinds may be doubled. 
 
 Decoction of Tamarinds with Variolated Magnesia. 
 
 R. Tamarindor. ^ij. 
 
 Magnes. Vitr. (Sulphat. Magn. Ph. Ed.) 5j. 
 Aq. purae 3 XV U- 
 Solve eoquendo et cola. 
 Dose, a tea cupful. In bilious fevers, &c. After the 
 manner of 
 
 Tissot. 
 
 At the option of the prescribe^ other neutral 
 salts may be substituted in place of the vitriolated 
 magnesia ; viz. crystals of tartar, vitriolated kali, 
 tartarised natron, &c. 
 
 Decoction of Tamarinds with Tartarised Antimony, 
 
 R. Pulp. Tamarind, ^ij. 
 Mannae opt. 3j. 
 
 Crystall. Tart. (Supertartrlt. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) *ss. 
 Coque in Aq. purae ftj. Dein cola, et adde 
 
 Antimon. Tartar, (Tartrit. Antim. Ph. Ed.) gr. ij. 
 Dose, 3 or 4 table spoonfuls every hour or every 2nd hour. 
 In bilious fevers and dysenteries. Varied from 
 
 Vogel. 
 
 Decoction of Dandelion, 
 
 R. Rad. Taraxaci £ij. 
 Aq. purae tbjss. 
 Decoque ad ibj. Colaturas adde 
 
 F2 
 
68 EVACUANTS, E. CATHARTICS. ClaSS L 
 
 Kali vitriolat. (Sulphat. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 5iij. 
 Syr. Ros. 5J, M. 
 Dose, a tea cupful every 2nd hour till it operates. In cases 
 of jaundice and obstructed liver. Altered from 
 
 Q'JARIK. 
 
 Decoction of Broom-tops, 
 
 R. Summitat. Genist. 3SS. 
 Aq. purse foj. 
 Decoque ad Ifcss. 
 Two table spoonfuls of the strained decoction to be given 
 every hour till it operates by stool, or till the whole is taken. 
 
 Cull en*. 
 
 It seldom fails to operate both by stool and 
 urine ; and by repeating this exhibition every day, 
 or every second day, some dropsies have been 
 cured. See also Mead, Monit. et Praecept. Med. 
 in Capite de Hydrope Ascit. 
 
 Decoction of Elder Bark. 
 R. Corticis interior. Sambuci manipul. iij. 
 
 Coquantur in Aquae et Lactis simul mister, feij. 
 ad ibj. 
 One half of the decoction to be taken in the morning, and 
 the other half in the evening, every day till the patient re- 
 covers. It operates botli by stool and urine. Designed for 
 
 dropsical patients. 
 
 Sydenham; 
 
 This prescription is open to some objection. 
 Three handfuls, as Dr. Cullen has properly re- 
 marked, arc a very uncertain measure ; and the 
 quantity here directed for a dose, will operate too 
 powerfully for most constitutions. 
 
Class L EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. t>0 
 
 Decoction with Black Hellebore. 
 
 K. Rad. Hellebor. nigri 
 
 Kali tart. (Tartrit. Potassx, I'd. EcL) aa $ij. 
 lol. Sennae 5SS. 
 Dccoque cum nq. parse ftj. ad colatar. :>x. dein adds 
 Oxym. Scill. 5VJ. 
 Dose, two or three large spoonfuls every four or five hours. 
 In maniacal cases. With an increased proportion of oxymel 
 of squill, and with the omission of a little syrup of buckthorn, 
 this is from 
 
 Wl STRING HAM. 
 
 It is a matter of great doubt whether black 
 hellebore possesses any advantages over any of 
 the other stronger cathartics in maniacal cases 
 (See Practical Synopsis of the Mat. Med. Vol. I. 
 p. '200.) And with regard to the oxyrnel of squill, 
 we may remark that tartarised antimony, in proper 
 doses, is much better suited to the majority of 
 such cases. 
 
 Clyster ivith Common Salt. 
 K. Natr. muriat. jij. 
 Solve in Aq. tepidse ftj. 
 This is a stimulating purgative clyster, said to be useful in 
 apoplectic and lethargic case.-. See 
 
 Hart man. 
 
 In the navy, the common purging clyster con- 
 sists of a pint of sea-water. 
 
70 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Class L 
 
 Clyster with Vitriolated Magnesia. 
 
 R. Magnes. Vitr. (Sulphat. magnes. Ph. Ed.) Sjss, 
 Aq. tepidae fcj. 
 Solve. 
 
 Donald Monro, 
 
 Clyster with Extract of Colocynth. 
 
 JR. Extr. Colocynthidis 5J. 
 Aq. tepidae tbj. 
 Misce, fiat Enema. 
 Suited to apoplectic and lethargic cases. 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 Vinegar Clyster. 
 See Repeigerants. 
 
 Turpentine Clyster, Lew. D. 
 Turpentine injected into the intestines, in the 
 quantity of half an ounce 3 or six drachms, proves, 
 as Dr. Cullen has remarked, one of the most cer- 
 tain laxatives that can be employed in colics, and 
 other cases of obstinate costiveness. 
 
 Tobacco Clyster. 
 
 R. Nicotianae 5ij. 
 Aq. ferventis Ibj. 
 Fiat Infusum et cola pro enemate. 
 In the iliac passion, and colica pictonum. 
 
 Blank. 
 
 In these cases, as well as in cases of incarcerated 
 
Class L EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. *]\ 
 
 hernia tobacco-smoke introduced per anum, often 
 produces a very speedy and powerful effect. 
 
 For milder forms of evacuating clysters, see 
 Emollients. 
 
 EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS, 
 
 The operation of diuretics (i. e. of those me- 
 dicines which increase the urinary excretion) is 
 greatly promoted by plentiful dilution; which 
 should by no means be withheld from dropsical 
 patients, though for many years past, the con^ 
 trary method has too much prevailed. The me- 
 dical world is much indebted to Sir F. Milman, for 
 the pains he has taken to shew the propriety of 
 indulging such patients in the free use of liquids. 
 In confirmation of the propriety of this method, 
 the observation of the late Dr. Cullen may be 
 added. He has remarked that he always thought 
 it absurd in physicians to employ diuretics, while 
 they enjoined an abstinence from drink, which is 
 almost the only means of conveying these diu- 
 retics to the kidneys : whenever therefore he em- 
 ployed diuretics, he at the same time advised 
 drinking freely ; and he was persuaded that drink- 
 ing largely often contributed to the cures he made. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Diuretics* 
 
 Cantharis Meloe vt'sicatorius* 
 
 Spanish Fly. 
 
?2 EVACUANTS. P. DIURETICS. CUlSS t 
 
 Colchicum Colchicum autumnate. 
 
 Meadow saifron. 
 Digitalis. . , * . . Digitalis purpurea. 
 
 Foxglove. 
 Dulcamara Solarium Dulcamara. 
 
 Bitter Sweet. Woody Nightshade. 
 Gambogia Stalagmitis Gambogioides ? 
 
 Gamboge. 
 Genista Spartium scoparium^ 
 
 Broom. 
 Juniperus Juniperus communis. 
 
 Juniper. 
 Nicotiana Nicotiana Tabacum, 
 
 Tobacco. 
 Fix liquida e Pino Syhestri. 
 
 Tar. From the Pinus Sykestris* 
 
 Sarsnparilla Smilax Saraa par ilia. 
 
 Sarsaparilla. 
 Seneka Poly gala Senega. 
 
 Rattlesnake root. 
 Scilla. ..... Scilla mariti7na. 
 
 Squill. 
 Terebinthina e Pino Larice. 
 
 Turpentine. From the Pinus Larii, 
 
 Ulmus Ulmus campestris. 
 
 The Elm r 
 
 Crystalli Tartari Supertratris Potassae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Crystals of Tartar. (Cream of Tartar.) Supertartrite 
 of Potass. 
 Kali prseparatum Carbonas Potassce, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Prepared Kali. (Mild Vegetable Alkali.) Carbonate 
 of Potass. 
 Ivali acetatum. ..... Acetis Potassae Ph. Ed. 
 
 Acetated Kali. (Diuretic Salt.) Acetite of Potass, 
 Kali citratum Citras Potassae. 
 
 Cifrated kali. Citrate of Potass, 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. ?3 
 
 Kali nitratum Nitras Potassre, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Nitrated kali. (Nitre.) Nitrate of Potass. 
 
 Kali vitriolatum Sulphas Potassae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Vitriolated kali. (Vitriolated tartar.) Sulphate of 
 Potass. 
 
 Natron praeparatum Carbonas Sodae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Prepared natron. (Mild mineral alkali.) Carbonate of 
 Soda, 
 
 [Natron tartarisatum Tartris Potassae et Sodae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Tartarised natron. (Rochelle Salt.) Tartrite of Potass 
 and Soda. 
 
 Spiritus Athens nitrosi. 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous iEther. (Dulcified Spirit of Nitre.) 
 
 Aqua communis. 
 
 Common Water. 
 Pleraeque Aquae minerales, nempe aquae Fontium Salinorum, 
 
 Most Mineral Waters 5 viz. the Waters of Saline Springs. 
 Aquae ferrum continentes. 
 
 Chalybeate Waters. 
 Aquae gas acido carbonico fcetae. 
 
 Waters abounding in carbonic acid gas. 
 Aquae gas hydro-sulphureto fcetae. 
 
 Waters impregnated with sulphurated hydrogen gas 
 (Sulphureous mineral waters.) 
 
 Powder with Squill and Cinnamon, 
 
 Jfc. Scillae exsiccat. gr. ij. 
 
 Pulv. Cinnamom. gr. xij. 
 M. F. Pulvis. 
 To be given twice a day. In dropsies. 
 
 Mellin. 
 
 If the squill in this powder should occasion 
 much sickness, the proportion of it may be re- 
 
/4 EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. Class L 
 
 duced to a single grain, repeating the dose oftener, 
 viz. thrice in 12 or 14 hours; for it is observed by 
 Dr. Cullen, that when the squill operates strongly 
 on the stomach and intestines, its diuretic effects 
 are less ready to happen. By accompanying it with 
 an opiate, he found that the emetic and purgative 
 operation of it may be avoided, and that it may 
 be thereby carried more entirely to the kidneys. 
 
 Powder with Squill and Juniper Berry. 
 
 R. Sciliaa exsiccat. gr. ij. 
 
 Bacc. Junip. exsicc. gr. xviij. 
 Tere in Pulv. 
 To be taken three times a day. In the same cases. Varied 
 from 
 
 Thedkjt. 
 
 Powder with Squill and Vitriolated Kali. 
 
 V\. Scillae exsiccatae. 
 
 Pulv. Zingib. aa gr. xij. 
 Kali Vitr. (Sulphat. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 51}. 
 Misceantur, lit fiat Pulvis. 
 Dose, from 10 to 20 grs. twice or thrice in a day. In the 
 same cases. 
 
 Disp. Fuld. 
 
 Powder with Squill and Nitrated Kali. 
 
 lx. Scillae exsiccat. gr. xij. 
 Pulv. Cinnamom. 3ij. 
 
 Kali Nitrat. (Kitrat. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 5Jss. 
 Mi F. Pulvis, in partes vj vel viij dividendus. 
 One to be given every 4th or 5th hour. In the same cases* 
 Varied from. 
 
 Reuss, Disr. 
 
Class L EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. Jf5 
 
 Pills with Squill and Ammomacum. 
 
 Give of the Squill Pills, Lond. and Ed. Ph. 15 or CO grs. 
 for a dose. 
 
 Natron Pills. 
 
 It. Natr. praeparat. (Carbonat. Sodae, Ph. Ed.) a'«ri*« 
 skco (sine igne) in pulv. exsiccat. 5J. 
 Saponis hispan. 3iv. 
 Bals. Per. q. s. 
 Ut riant Pilulae xxx. 
 Three to be taken 3 times a day. In cases of calculus. 
 
 Beddoes, 
 
 V/ho was led to contrive this formula in conse- 
 quence of a person who was much afflicted with 
 the gravel, complaining that he was unable to per- 
 severe in the use of the aqua mephitica alkalina, 
 (the aqua supercarbonatis potassas Ph. Ed. when 
 prepared with the vegetable alkali, and the aqua 
 supercarbonatis sodas Ph. Ed. when prepared with 
 the mineral alkali) on account of the great dizzi- 
 ness it always occasioned. Dr. Beddoes produces 
 several cases, which show that these pills are ex- 
 tremely beneficial in calculous complaints, and 
 that they may, without injury, be taken in very 
 large quantities, and continued for a great length 
 of time. Simplicity and cheapness are the 
 great recommendations of this medicine. He 
 cannot determine, for want of comparative ob- 
 servations, whether it is inferior in efficacy to 
 
76 feVACUANTS. **, BIUKETICS. JCfa* L 
 
 the more operose preparation, the aqua mephitica 
 alkalina. He candidly adds, that there can be no 
 reason to suppose it superior ; and that he should 
 not have offered it to public notice, if the aqua 
 mephitica alkalina were as easy to procure. 
 
 In order to expedite the expulsion of the water 
 t>f crystallization, the natron may be. spread out 
 before a fire, or the vessel containing it may be 
 placed in boiling water, and the pounded crystals 
 stirred till they have lost rather more than half 
 their weight. The recent crystals contain indeed 
 64 parts of water in 100; but unless kept close, 
 they lose part of this water, and it is prudent not 
 to carry the calcination too far, if artificial heat be 
 applied ; nor should the heat exceed that of boil- 
 ing water, lest any of the volatile acid (the car- 
 bonic acid gas) should be expelled. Of this 
 powder, from one to two scruples taken every 
 day, has generally afforded relief in less than 
 three weeks ; and in no case but one, out of more 
 than twenty that have fallen under his own ob- 
 servation, have they failed to perform every thing 
 that could be desired from medicine, except era- 
 dicating the tendency to form calculous concre- 
 tions, to which no known remedy, he thinks, 
 has the smallest pretensions, 
 
 Aromatics may be joined with the pills, at the 
 pleasure of the prescribcr; but the author himself 
 remarks that he has never found any such addition, 
 necessary* 
 
Class L EYACUANTS. k\. DIUBETICS.. 77 
 
 Turpentine Pills. 
 As under Stimulants. 
 
 Gamboge Powder. 
 As under Cathartics. 
 
 Bolus with Squill and Nitrated Kali. 
 
 R. Scilfoe exsiccat. gr. ij. 
 
 Kali nitrat. (Nitrat. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 3s«, 
 Nucis Moschat. gr. v. 
 Cons. Cynosb. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 To be taken every morning. In dropsies. Varied from 
 
 Home. 
 
 In some cases this bolus may be repeated night 
 and morning. 
 
 Bolus with Squill and Quicksilver. 
 K. Hydrargyr. purificat. gr. v. 
 Corftervae Sciliae 3j. 
 Tere simul donee hydrargyri globuli visum erTuge- 
 rint> et fiat Boius. 
 To be given at bed time. In the same Gase6 as the last. 
 Varied from 
 
 Huck Saunders. 
 
 If it should prove cathartic, a quarter of a grain 
 of opium may be joined with it. It is no objec- 
 tion to the use of this or other combinations of 
 squill with quicksilver, that by a repetition of the. 
 doses the mouth is liable to become affected; 
 since Dr. Lind and other practitioners mention 
 
78 EVACUANTS. P. DIURETICS. Class L 
 
 that they have often cured very obstinate dropsies 
 by exciting a gentle salivation. 
 
 Bolus with Squill and Opiate Confection. 
 B. Scillae exsiccat. gr. ij. 
 Confect. Opiat. 3j. 
 F. Bolus. 
 To be taken at bed time. In hydropic cases. After 
 
 Fox's Form. 
 
 When squill is given in tolerably large doses, an 
 opiate, says Cullen, may be conveniently employed 
 for directing its operation more certainly to the 
 Ipdneys. See remark under Draught with Vine- 
 gar of Squill. 
 
 Bolus with Cantharides. 
 R. Cantharid. gr. j. 
 
 Camphor. (Sp. Vin. s.) gr. v. 
 Conserv. Cynosb. 3j. 
 F. Bolus. 
 To be taken thrice a day. In mucous obstructions of the 
 urinary passages. Varied from 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 Combined with nitre, or any other neutral salt, 
 instead of camphor, the Spanish fly may be given 
 as above in dropsies ; though the observations of 
 some late writers render it somewhat doubtful, 
 whether the urinary secretion be increased by can- 
 tharides. On many occasions they seem to act 
 chiefly as Antispasmodics, which see. 
 
 Larger doses, such as a couple of grains or 
 7 
 
Class L EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. /p 
 
 more of the Spanish fly have been ventured upon 
 by some practitioners ; but the safest way, and 
 that which Werlhoff followed, is to begin with a 
 single grain, increasing the dose afterwards, or 
 shortening the intervals of repetition, according 
 to circumstances. Without such precaution, the 
 patient will be liable to be surprised by sudden ac- 
 cessions of distressing symptoms. For further 
 remarks on Cantharides, see Stimulants. 
 
 Draught with Tincture of Spanish Fly and Spirit 
 of Nitrous jEther. 
 
 R. Tinct. Cantharid. 
 
 Sp. JEther. nitros. aa gtt. xv. 
 Aq. purae 5X. 
 Syr. Tolutan. jij. 
 To be taken every 4th hour, desisting if symptoms oi 
 strangury should come on. For dropsies. Altered from 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 In some cases ^ss of the acetated kali or some 
 other neutral salt, will be an useful addition to 
 this draught ; and fennel water, or any other dis- 
 tilled aromatic water, may be employed in place 
 of common water, with a diminished proportion 
 of the syrup. 
 
 Draught with Oxymel of Squill, 
 
 R. Oxymel. Scillae 5JSS. 
 Aq. Cinnamom. |j. 
 Sp. Lavend. comp. 
 Byr, Aurant. Cort. aa 5J. 3VT. 
 
80 EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. CldSS L 
 
 To be taken every night for a length of time in dropsical 
 
 cases. 
 
 Mead. 
 
 fraught with Vinegar of Squttl and Citrated KaVi* 
 
 R. Kali praeparat. 55s. 
 SuccirLimon. rec. 5vj. 
 Misce, et a'dde 
 
 Aq. Cinnamon. 5J3S. 
 Syr. Aurant. Cort. £j. 
 Sp. Menth. pip. 3SS. 
 Acet. Scillae 5Jss. 
 To be taken twice a day. In the same cases. 
 
 Me At*. 
 
 In this formula the proportion of the kali prae- 
 parat, for weakly patients, may be reduced to 9j, 
 of the lemon juice to gss, of the spt. of pepper- 
 mint to 31J, and of the acet. scillae to 3J. Twenty 
 or thirty drops of the tincture of opium (from 
 which both this author and Willis derived extra- 
 ordinary benefit in some hydropic instances) may 
 be added to either of these draughts, according 
 to circumstances. 
 
 In the two last draughts Tincture of Squills, 
 (in the dose of 30 to 40 drops) may sometimes be 
 employed in place of the oxymel and vinegar of 
 squills. 
 
 Draught with Oxymel of Meadoio Saffron and 
 Acetaied Kali, 
 R. Kali Acetat. (Acetitts Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 5J. 
 Sp. iEther. nitros. gtt. xv. 
 
Class 1. EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. 81 
 
 Oxymel. Colchici 5ij. 
 Aq. purse 3j. 
 
 Sp. Juniperi comp. 3ss. M. 
 To be taken twice a day. Varied from, 
 
 HaRTMAJT. 
 
 Storck has one very clumsy form, viz. that of a 
 linctus, of prescribing his oxymel, combined how- 
 ever as in this draught, with the acetated kali and 
 spirit of nitrous aether; two additions which seem 
 to promote its operation, but which may not be 
 always required, especially if the intention be to 
 give it to any great quantity. In that case the oxy- 
 mel may be taken in a cup of tea, or in a draught 
 of some distilled water; beginning with a drachm 
 or two twice a day, and gradually increasing the 
 repetitions of the dose, till at length the patient 
 is brought to take as much as an ounce, or even 
 an ounce and a half, in the course of a day. 
 
 In the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia sugar in- 
 stead of honey is used with vinegar, thus forming 
 a syrupus colchici, which may be prescribed in 
 the same doses as the oxymel. It has been re- 
 marked, however, in the Practical Synopsis of 
 the Mat. Med. Vol. I. p. 223, that Meadow Saf- 
 fron, as a diuretic, is inferior to squill and fox- 
 glove. 
 
 Mixture with Infusion of Gentian and Prepared 
 Kali. 
 R. Infus. Flor. Chamaem. %x. 
 
 Kali praepar. (Carbonat. Potassse, Ph. Ed.) 5J. 
 Sp. Juniperi comp. |ij. M. 
 
 G 
 
S3 EVACUAXTS. F. DIURETICS. Class I. 
 
 To be taken at 3 doses, and repeated daily. In ascites. 
 With the substitution of infusion o\ chamomile for infusion 
 of wormwood, this prescription is taken from 
 
 Pringle. 
 
 Mixture with Ammoniacum and Vinegar of Squill. 
 
 Jt, Lac. Ammoniaci ^vj. 
 
 Kali nitrat. (Xitrat. Potasss, Ph. Ed ) 5). 
 Acet. Scillae 5VJ. 
 Sp. Junip. comp. 5 j = s . M. 
 Dose 2 or o large spoonfuls every 4th hour. Varied from 
 
 Vogler. 
 
 Dr. Bang, in his Diarium, relates many instances 
 of dropsies removed by the use of ammoniacum 
 joined with squill, as in this mixture. He pre- 
 scribes the oxymel instead of the vinegar of squill. 
 Of the two, however, the last preparation seems to 
 be best suited to such cases. 
 
 Solution of Super carbonate of Potass. 
 
 Give of the Aqua Supercarbonatis Potassae, Ph. Ed. 6* or S 
 ounces morning and evening (in some cases 3 times a day.) 
 In the stone and gravel. This is the Aqua Mephitica Alkalina 
 of 
 
 Falconer. 
 
 Smaller doses, such as a quarter of a pint only, 
 may be given at first, increasing the quantity after- 
 wards according as the stomach shall bear it. 
 When taken as a preventive, once a day will be 
 sufficient. 
 
 If it should prove cold or flatulent to the sto- 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. 83 
 
 mach, a tea spoonful of rum, gin, or any other 
 spirituous liquor, may be taken with eaeh dose. 
 Hot milk mixed with the solution, in the propor- 
 tion of about one fourth, has been found to be a 
 very grateful addition, especially in cold weather, 
 tending much to reconcile the medicine to the 
 stomach, without in the least degree impairing its 
 virtues. 
 
 Sometimes it is necessary to use opiates with 
 this medicine. Five, ten, twenty, or thirty drops 
 of tincture of opium (or a proportionable quantity 
 of camphorated tincture of opium) may be taken 
 either just before or just after the alkaline solution 
 is swallowed; but the quantity of the opiate must 
 be gradually diminished, and at last totally laid 
 aside, when the pain and other urgent symptoms 
 have either ceased, or so far abated as not to cause 
 any great uneasiness. 
 
 Where from want of a proper apparatus, or from 
 other circumstances, the abovementioned Solution 
 cannot be had, the Natron Pills, mentioned a few 
 pages before, may be given in its stead. Those 
 pills are a cheap, safe, and efficacious formula, 
 particularly adapted to the poor, who, as Dr. Bed- 
 does justly remarks, are by no means exempted 
 from calculous disorders, but are in a great mea- 
 sure precluded from obtaining relief from the al- 
 kaline solution, on account of the expence and 
 other difficulties in procuring it. 
 
 In the same manner, and in the same closes 
 g 1 
 
84 EVACUANTS. P. DIURETICS. Class I. 
 
 may be given the acidulous soda water (as it is 
 commonly termed) which is the 
 
 Aqua Super xarbonatis Sodce, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Solution of Crystals of Tartar. 
 
 R. Cryst. Tart. (Supertartrit. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) %si. 
 Aquae purae |xij. 
 Solve. 
 To be given early in the morning. In dropsies. 
 
 x • Home. 
 
 Dr. Home generally began with the abovemen- 
 tioned quantity of the crystals, and exhibited them 
 in the miming, at different times ; so that the 
 last dost: was taken an hour before breakfast. The 
 medicine was afterwards gradually increased to six 
 drachms, and in one case to two ounces, in a day. 
 When an ounce a day is given, and excites purg- 
 ing, one half should be exhibited in the morning, 
 and the other in the evening. Crystals of tartar, 
 Jhe observes, have generally been given by others 
 in the solid form of an electuary ; but in such a 
 form, he adds, this salt cannot find fluid in the 
 intestinal canal sufficient for its solution. On the 
 other hand, the quantity of water which is given 
 with it, by Dr. Home's method, increases the diu- 
 retic effect of the medicine, and plentiful dilution 
 is now pretty generally allowed to be a proper prac- 
 tice in hydropic cases. The medicine must be 
 continued until the disease is gone off, and for 
 some days afterwards. Its effects are generally 
 
ClaSS I. EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. 85 
 
 visible in two or three weeks. If not then, few 
 can be persuaded to try it longer. After the cure 
 by this method, the bark, and other Tonics, are 
 to be administered. 
 
 Strong testimonies in favour of this mode of 
 administering crystals of tartar, or supertartrite of 
 potass, in dropsical cases may be seen in the 1st 
 and 2d Vols, of Dr. Ferriar's Medical Histories. 
 
 Juniper Infusion. 
 
 R. Bacc. Juniperi contus. 3'j. 
 Sem. Anisi 51J. 
 Aq. fervent is ftj. 
 Macera per ij vel iij horas. 
 Dose, a tea cupful frequently. See 
 
 Bakg. 
 
 To this infusion it may sometimes be proper to 
 add a couple of ounces of the compound spirit of 
 juniper, and sometimes a drachm or two of tinc- 
 ture of squill. 
 
 The essential oil of juniper resides, as Dr. Cul- 
 len has noticed, chiefly in the seeds of the berries; 
 so that unless pains are taken, by a strong contu- 
 sion, to break the seeds, the infusion is an agree- 
 able, but weak impregnation, and consequently 
 of little power as a medicine. Of the inspissated 
 juice or rob, which is seldom to be met with in 
 the shops now, Dr. Lewis remarks, that it is an 
 elegant preparation : What Dr. Cullen, however, 
 has observed concerning it, is very just, viz. that 
 so much of its essential oil is dissipated by the 
 
86 EVACUANTS. F, DIURETICS. -Class I. 
 
 boiling and evaporation, that it is left in the end 
 with hardly any activity. A syrup made from an 
 infusion of the berries, in a close vessel, might 
 not be an improper substitute to the rob. 
 
 Infusion of Juniper with Nitrated Kali. 
 
 R. Bacc. Juniperi contus. Jij. 
 Aq. fervent, tbj. 
 Digerantur vase clauso in loco calido: Colatur* 
 adde 
 
 Kali nitrat. (Nitrat. Potass.ie, Ph. Ed.) ^ij. 
 Syr. Zingiberis %j. M. 
 Dose, 2 or 3 table spoonfuls every 3d hour. Varied from 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 Larger doses of nitre (nitrate of potass, Ph. Ed.) 
 have been given in dropsical cases, with good ef- 
 fect, by Dr. Rush of Philadelphia. See the 2d 
 Vol. of his Medical Inquiries. 
 
 Tar Infusion. 
 Give of the Tar Water, Lew. D. a pint a day, on an emptv 
 stomach, at two or four times, viz. night and morning, and 
 about two hours after dinner and breakfast. More may be 
 taken by strong stomachs, such as a quart at least every twenty- 
 four hours. In scorbutic aifections. See 
 
 Berk f. ley. 
 
 Dr. Cullen erroneously supposed that the me- 
 dicinal operation of tar is wholly to be attributed 
 to its acid; but besides its acid, water extracts 
 from tar a considerable quantity of empyreumatic 
 oil, which is rendered soluble in the water by the 
 
Class L EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. 87 
 
 acid. See Dr. Duncan's edition of the Edinb. 
 New Dispensatory, p. 280. 
 
 Infusion of Foxglove. 
 R. Fol. exsiccat. Digitalis 5J. 
 Aq. ferventis ibss. 
 Macera per iv boras. Colaturae adde 
 Sp. Nucis Moschat. 3J. M. 
 Two table spoonfuls to be taken twice a day. If the patient 
 be stronger than usual, or the symptoms very urgent, this dose 
 may be given once in eight hours ; and on the contrary, in 
 many instances, half an ounce (one table spoonful) at a time 
 will be quite sufficient. Eight ounces of the infusion may 
 generally be taken before the nausea commences. In dropsies 
 
 and asthmas. 
 
 Withering. 
 
 This active medicine demands great judgment 
 and circumspection in those who administer it. 
 The doses, as this author observes, are not to be 
 repeated too quickly; but sufficient time must be 
 allowed for the effects of each to take place, as it 
 is possible to pour in an injurious quantity of the 
 medicine before any of the signals for forbearance 
 appear. The general direction which he gives is, 
 to stop the exhibition of it as soon as it appears to 
 act either on the kidneys, the stomach, the pulse, 
 or the bowels. It seldom succeeds well if it purges. 
 During the use of it, especially if it should operate 
 strongly, it will be sometimes proper to interpose 
 cordial and tonic medicines. 
 
 The dried leaves may be likewise given in sub- 
 stance, with the same intention, from one to three 
 
S8 EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. Class L 
 
 grains, twice a day, either by themselves, or united 
 with aromatics ; or as Dr. Ferriar proposes, only 
 \ a grain at shorter intervals, such as every 4th or 
 5th hour. From some cases which have occurred 
 to him, Dr. Withering is disposed to believe that 
 the digitalis may be given in this manner (viz. in 
 the small doses of two or three grains a day) so 
 as gradually to remove a dropsy, without any other 
 than mild diuretic effects, and without any inter- 
 ruption to its use until the cure be completed. 
 
 The sickening and purgative effects of this 
 medicine are counteracted by small additions of 
 opiates. 
 
 Saturated Tincture of Foxglove. 
 
 R. Pulv. Fol. Digitalis partem j. 
 
 Sp. Vin. rectificat. (Alcohol. Ph. Ed.) 
 Aquae purae aa partes ij. 
 Digerantur leni calore per 24 horas; dein coletur 
 tinctura per chartam bibulam. 
 Dose, 30 drops in an ounce of mint water, for a draught, 
 to be taken twice or thrice a day j till the anasarca of the 
 Jimbs is reduced, or the difficulty of breathing in hydrothorax 
 is removed, or till sickness is induced. And if these effects 
 do not occur in 2 or 3 days, the dose must be gradually in- 
 creased to 40 or 6"0 drops, or further. 
 
 Darwin. 
 
 This author was for many years in the habit of 
 prescribing a strong decoction of the fresh leaves 
 of the digitalis, in the abovementioned cases ; but 
 after much experience he found such a decoction 
 to be a preparation of very uncertain strength; 
 
Class I. KVACUANTS. P. DIURETICS. SQ 
 
 besides the objection that the fresh leaves could 
 only be had during a few months of the year. He 
 therefore very properly substituted the aboveiren- 
 tioned tincture of the dried leaves, in lieu of the 
 decoction of the fresh plant ; following in this 
 respect the example of Dr. Withering, whose 
 practice was generally to give this herb in its ex- 
 siccated state, either in the form of infusion or 
 substance. 
 
 In the various cases of dropsy abovementioned, 
 other diuretics may often be advantageously com- 
 bined with the digitalis; such as spiritus aether, 
 nitros. crystals of tartar (supertartrite of potass) 
 acetated kali (acetite of potass,) &c. And at all 
 times a small addition of opium is useful. See 
 Ferriar on the Medical Properties of the Digitalis 
 purpurea. The use of this medicine in phthisis 
 pulmonalis, haemoptoe, and other disorders of the 
 lungs, as well as in mania and cases of increased 
 irritability, will be noticed in another place. 
 
 Decoction of JFoody Nightshade. 
 R. Stipit. Dulcamarae concis. et contus. 3j. 
 
 Macera s. q. Aquae, fervent, per -i hor. dein ebulli- 
 ant per duodecimam boras partem. Colaturse tbij addan- 
 tur 
 
 Sp. Cinnamom. 3 i j . M. 
 
 Dose, a tea cupful thrice a day. In dropsical cases. Altered 
 from 
 
 QtJARIN. 
 
 The reason assigned for directing the boiling 
 
gO EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. Class I. 
 
 after the maceration for so short a time, is, to 
 avoid the nauseous bitterness which the decoction 
 is otherwise apt to acquire. The quantity of the 
 plant directed in the original prescription, is two 
 ounces ; but we have thought proper to reduce the 
 proportion to one ounce only, which comes nearer 
 to the quantity ordered in a dissertation, pub- 
 lished under the sanction of Linnaeus ; but .which 
 is still considerably more than what is ordered by 
 Razoux. On the other hand, the decoction pre- 
 pared by the daughter of a Flemish Surgeon, as 
 stated in the Gazette de Sante, seems to have had 
 as large a proportion of the stalks in it as this of 
 Dr. Quarin's. These striking differences, how- 
 ever, in the doses of the medicine, are very well 
 accounted for by Bergius's remark, that the dried 
 stems are not narcotic, and that the fresh plant is 
 by much the most powerful. The abovemention- 
 ed Flemish lady, who had the reputation of pos- 
 sessing a specific for the dropsy, employed, as it 
 is there mentioned, the dried stalks ; and we may 
 conclude that the Vienna physician, though he 
 has not expressly said so, did not make use of the 
 fresh twigs. Besides an ounce of syrup of hyssop, 
 the original prescription contains moreover the 
 same quantity of oxymel of squill ; but we have 
 ventured to throw out both, and to direct in their 
 place two ounces of the spirit of cinnamon; for 
 though the oxymel may at first be supposed likely 
 to contribute to the diuretic operation of the mc- 
 
Class 1. EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. ()1 
 
 dicine, yet by causing that which is apt to be nau- 
 seating of itself, to sit less easy on the stomach, 
 it seems to be, on further consideration, an im- 
 proper addition. To obviate this inconvenience, 
 some have mixed liquorice, others milk, with the 
 decoction ; but the aromatic spirit appears to us 
 preferable to both. 
 
 Decoction of Seneka, Ed. Ph. 
 As under Expectorants. 
 
 Decoction of Elm Bark, L. Ph. 
 
 Give of this Decoction a quarter of a pint, 2 or 3 times a 
 day, in chronic eruptions of the skin. 
 
 Decoction of Broom. 
 As under Cathartics. 
 
 Decoction of Elder Bark. 
 As under Cathartics. 
 
 To all these decoctions may be occasionally 
 added small quantities of acetated kali, (acetite 
 of potass, Ed. Ph.) crystals of tartar, (supertar- 
 trite of potass, Ed. Ph.) &c. 
 
 Tobacco Syrup. 
 R. Fol. Nicotianae siccat. et concis. 3<?s. 
 
 Coquantur per horam in Aq. commun. $*j. Abjicia- 
 tur hie liquor, turn .vero Foliis relictis addamur Aq. fer- 
 ventis 3X1J. Coquantur in vase aperto per aliquod tempus, 
 ad -itas circiter partis consumptionem ; cum liquore turn 
 
92 EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. ClaSS L 
 
 expresso et colato incoquatur Sacchar. purificat. q. s. ut 
 fiat Syrupus. 
 Dose, 1 or 2 drachms. Varied from the 
 
 DlSP. FlTLD. 
 
 As a hydragogue, tobacco is inferior to squill 
 and digitalis. See Practical Synopsis, Vol. I. p. 
 228. 
 
 Tincture of Squill, L. Ph. 
 
 Dose, 30, 40, or 50 drops added to an ounce or more of 
 some of the distilled aromatic waters. 
 
 This tincture of squill may also be made to act 
 upon the absorbents in dropsical cases, by being 
 rubbed upon the abdomen or thighs, mixed with 
 the patient's saliva, or with any other dilute ani- 
 mal fluid. See Duncan's Annals of Medicine, 
 Vol. III. p. 3 90. The oxymel of squill may be 
 applied in the same manner, either alone or with 
 some gamboge previously dissolved in it. 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous jEther, Lond. and Ed. Ph. 
 Dose, from 30 to 60 drops in an ounce of some of the dis- 
 tilled aromatic waters. 
 
 Or, it may be given in conjunction with more 
 active diuretics, as in some of the draughts and 
 mixtures before noticed. 
 
 Turpentine Liniment* 
 
 It. 01. Terebinthinae 5J. 
 — Olivsesij. M. 
 To be rubbed over the abdomen 2 or 3 times a day. In as- 
 cites. Bang. 
 
Class I. EVACUANT3. G. DIAPHORETICS. 93 
 
 In some cases twice as much oil of turpentine 
 may be mixed with the abovementioned quantity 
 of olive oil. In other cases, it may suffice to 
 anoint and rub the belly with the olive oil alone. 
 
 The writer of this note has seen very good ef- 
 fects produced in ovarium-dropsy, by rubbing the 
 abdomen night and morning with an embrocation 
 made by dissolving 313 or 3iij of gum ammonia- 
 cum in §j of vinegar of squill. 
 
 Mercurial Inunction. 
 In some cases of encysted dropsy, this appli- 
 cation has been resorted to with manifest advan- 
 tage. 
 
 EVACUANTS. G. DIAPHORETICS. 
 
 All those medicines which promote the sensible 
 or insensible discharge by the skin, and which are 
 termed Sudorifics and Diaphoretics, require to be 
 assisted in their operation by the plentiful use of 
 weak, tepid drinks, such as warm water, gruel, 
 tea, or the like. In modern practice, frequent 
 recourse is had to medicines which produce this 
 effect, for the cure of various diseases. Thus 
 they are employed in malignant fevers, in dysen- 
 teries, in rheumatisms, in gout, in dropsies, and in 
 venereal affections. On the other hand, owing to 
 the heating qualities of many of them, and on ac- 
 count of the warmth which is applied to the body 
 during the ise of all of them, they are (with the 
 
 7 ' 
 
04 EVACUAXTS. G. DIAPHORETICS. ClaSS 1. 
 
 exception of antimonials, acetated ammonia and 
 nitre) found to be hurtful in the inflammatory 
 Sttges of most fevers, but more particularly of 
 eruptive fevers, such as the measles and small pox : 
 And, in general, the use of them should be pre- 
 mised bv some other evacuation, such as bleeding, 
 vomiting, or purging. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Diaphoretics. 
 
 Antimonii Praeparata. 
 
 Preparations of Antimony. 
 
 Ammonia praeparata Carbonas Amnion. Ph. Ed. 
 
 Prepared ammonia (Mild Vol. Alkali.) Carbonate of 
 Ammonia. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonias Alkohol Ammoniatum, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Spirit of Ammonia (Vol. Spt. of Sal Ammon.) Am- 
 monia ted Ail. 
 Sal et Liquor Vol. C. C. 
 
 Salt and Volatile Liquor of Hartshorn. 
 Aqua Ammonias acetatae Aqua Acetitis Ammonia?. 
 
 Ph. Ed. 
 
 Water of Acetate J ammonia. Water of Aeetite of 
 
 Ammonia. 
 (Mindererus's Spirit.) 
 
 Aconitum Aconitum Napcllus. 
 
 Aconite. Monkshood. 
 Camphora Lauras Camphura. 
 
 Camphor. 
 Contrayerva Dorstenia Contrcritrva. 
 
 Contrayerva. 
 Guaiacum Guaiacum officinale. 
 
 Guaiacum. 
 Ipecacuanha Callicocca Ipecacuanha (Rroter.) 
 
 Ipecacuanha. Cephaclis Ipecac. (Willden.) 
 
Cla-SS L EVACL'ANTS. G. DIAPHOBETICS. 95 
 
 Sarabucus Sambu 
 
 E 
 nfhn Lai 'ras. 
 
 9 ..... . .. 
 
 - . riesnake r . 
 
 Serpentaria Aristoiochia Serpentaria. 
 
 Vir_ r ^ot. 
 
 - Nitras potassae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 -ated Kali X: 
 
 . sulphuratura Sulphuretum pota^ae, Ph. E 
 
 /burated kali. 
 .Iphuris.) 
 Sp. ^therii niirosi. 
 Spt. of Kj 
 
 Vl. id.) 
 
 Acetated honey. Oxymel. 
 Serum lac -m. 
 
 Wine-Wl 
 *;~^.i lactic - : : ipin 
 
 Mustard-^ I 
 
 Aquae m ^phureto fetas. 
 
 Mineral Waters imp fa . stted 
 
 (Sulphur -"».; 
 
 Balneum aquae ca.: 
 Hot Wat 
 eum Vapc . 
 Vapor Bath. 
 oeum aeris catafacti . -/» Celu.) 
 
 I)r. Bagi 
 
 Therms uses. 
 
 ml hot baths, such as those of Bath and Bux- 
 
q6 evacuakts. g. diaphoretics. Class L 
 
 Frictio vel manu vel strrgili facta. 
 
 Rubbing the body either with the hand or with a 
 flesh brush. 
 Indnsium laneum. 
 
 Flannel worn next the skin. 
 
 Powder with Inspissated Juice of Aconite, 
 
 R. Succ. Aconiti spissat. gr. j. 
 Pulv. Glycyrrhiz. 3ss. M. 
 To be given twice or thrice in a day. In arthritic and rheu- 
 matic affections. Varied from 
 
 Stoerck. 
 
 Perhaps the dried leaves or tincture, mentioned 
 farther on, are preferable to the inspissated juice, 
 the strength of which varies according to the 
 degree of heat to which it has been subjected, and 
 other circumstances. 
 
 In some cases only half a grain of the inspissated 
 juice (or of the dried leaves) may be enough to 
 begin with ; whilst in others a grain and a half 
 may be ventured upon at first. Odhelius never 
 prescribes less than two grains of the extract for a 
 dose, which he repeats five or six times in the 
 day ; and Murray relates, that he knew a patient, 
 who, from a misapprehension of the directions, 
 took, without any bad consequence, eight powders 
 at once, each of which contained a grain of the 
 extract. Others have ventured upon much larger 
 doses ; but in the exhibition of a medicine of this 
 nature, it is necessary to proceed with caution. 
 We cannot account for the impunity with which 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. G. DIAPHORETICS. Q7 
 
 Dr. Stoll administered this remedy in such extra- 
 ordinary quantities, but ori the supposition that 
 the virtues of his extract had been impaired by 
 long keeping, or by some other cause. When 
 given in moderate doses, the use of this medicine 
 may be safely continued for several weeks, or 
 even months. 
 
 Junker, Boehmer, Kampf, Herz, and other 
 eminent physicians on the Continent, may be ad- 
 duced as evidences in favour of its efficacy. 
 During its use, it is proper to interpose a purge 
 now and then. 
 
 By cultivation and luxuriant growth in a rich 
 soil, the medicinal properties of this plant become 
 impaired. Hence the wild is by far more opera- 
 tive than the garden aconite. 
 
 The diaphoretic operation of aconite, is con- 
 siderably promoted by joining antimonials with it, 
 as in the following 
 
 Powder with Aconite and Precipitated Sulphur of 
 Antimony, 
 
 R. Succ. Aconiti spissat. (vel Fol. Aconit. exsiccat.) 
 Sulph. Antimonii prsecipi^at. aa gr.j. 
 Magnesias alb. gr. x. M. 
 In the same cases. Varied from 
 
 Vogler, 
 
 The sulphur antimon. praecipitatum, Ph. Lond. 
 lathe sulphuretum antimon. praecipitatum, Ph. Ed. 
 
 H 
 
Q8 EVACUANTS. G. DIAPHORETICS. Class L 
 
 Powder ivith Guaiacum and Crystals of Tartar. 
 
 R. Gum. Guaiaci 5ss. 
 
 Cryst. Tart. (Supertartrit. potassae, Ph. Ed.) 5J. 
 M. F. Pulvis, 
 To be taken at bed time, with a draught of warm wine 
 whey or warm chamomile tea. In cases of acute rheumatism. 
 
 WEICKARD. 
 
 Powder with Guaiacum and Nitrated Kali. 
 
 R. Gum. Guaiaci £ss. 
 
 Kali nitrat. (Nitrat. potassae, Ph. Ed.) 3j. M. 
 To be taken at bed time, with some warm gruel. With a 
 yaried proportion of ingredients, this is from 
 
 Donald Monro. 
 
 Both the saline additions in these two last pre- 
 scriptions, seem to favour the action of the gum 
 resin, correcting in some measure its heating qua- 
 lity, and along with its sudorific, increasing like- 
 wise its laxative effect. Perhaps the nitre, which 
 Dr. Broklesby gave by itself, with so much suc- 
 cess, to procure sweats in acute rheumatisms, is, 
 especially in the last cases, the best adjunct of the 
 two. With regard to the guaiacum, Dr. Cullen 
 holds it to be one of the most valuable of all the 
 diaphoretics that may be employed to excite the 
 general circulation, as it affords a matter which 
 passes more entirely to the extreme vessels, and 
 seems to stimulate the exhalants more in propor- 
 tion than it does the heart and great arteries. It 
 
Class 1. EVACUANTS. G. DIAPHORETICS. 99 
 
 is on this account, he adds, that it may be justly 
 considered as more effectual than other sudorifics, 
 in the cure of the lues venerea ; and he thinks it 
 is upon the same grounds, that it has been found 
 so useful in all cases of rheumatism, and perhaps 
 in those of gout. In this last disease, however, 
 he cautions against the free use of gum guaiacum 
 in any shape, but more particularly when dissolved 
 in spirits. 
 
 Powder with Calcined Antimony and Chamomile. 
 R. Antimon. calcinat. 
 Kali praeparat. aa 3ss. 
 Flor. Chamoem. subtiliss. pulverisat. 3j. 
 M. F. Pulvis. 
 To be taken every 6th hour, and to be continued for 2 or 
 3 days. In agues. 
 
 Morton', 
 
 Who sometimes found it more efficacious in 
 these cases, than the Peruvian Bark itself; and 
 Sir G. Baker mentions, that it subdued an obsti- 
 nate tertian in two instances of the intermittents 
 of 178.I and 1782. 
 
 The antimonium calcinatum, Ph. Lond. is anti- 
 mony (i. e. sulphuret of antimony) deflagrated in 
 a white heat with nitre, and afterwards washed 
 with water. It is the antimonium diaphoreticum 
 of the old dispensatories. 
 
 Antimonial Powder, Lond. Ph. 
 Dose, 6 or 8 grs. every 5th or 6th hour. In inflammatory 
 fevers, peripneumony, pleurisy, acute rheumatism, &c, 
 
 H 2 
 
100 EVACUANTS. G. DIAPHORETICS. ClaSS L 
 
 This powder consists of oxyd of antimony and 
 pho phte of lime, and accordingly has been de- 
 nominated in the Ed. new Pharmacopoeia, Oxy- 
 dum Antimonii cum Phosphate Calcis. In ill 
 composition and effects it coincides with Dr. 
 James's celebrated Fever Powder, 
 
 Some prefer giving it in pills, in which form 
 it often sits better on the stomach. This is an 
 active remedy, and while it has often, under 
 proper management, done much good, it has, at 
 least as frequently, in consequence of an injudi- 
 cious employment of it, done irreparable mischief. 
 I have known several instances, says Dr. Donald 
 Monro, where it has been given in putrid ulcer- 
 ated sore throats, and in low fevers ; and it has 
 brought on such a purging, as to hurry the patients 
 to their graves in a short time. 
 
 Compound Poivder of Contrayerva, Lond. PL 
 Dose, a scruple or half a drachm every 3d or 4th hour. la 
 
 fevers of the typhus-kind, especially when accompanied with 
 
 diarrhoea. 
 
 Powder with Ipecacuanha and Opium. 
 Give of the Compound Powder of Ipecacuanha, Lond. Ph. 
 3j at bed-time every night or every other night. In chronic 
 rheumatism. 
 
 And in various other disorders in which copious 
 sweating is required, and in which there is nothing 
 to forbid the external accumulation of heat by 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. G. DIAPHORETICS. 101 
 
 additional bed clothes ; a circumstance which, 
 (together with plentiful dilution with weak warm 
 liquors) contributes in a great degree to the suc- 
 cessful operation of this medicine, commonly 
 known by the name of Dover's Powder. It is 
 the pulvis ipecacuanhas et opii, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Powder with Precipitated Sulphur of Antimony 
 
 and. Calomel. 
 
 R. Sulph. Antimon. praecipitat. 
 
 Calomel. (Submuriat. Hydrarg. Ph. Ed.) aagr.j. 
 Gum. Giiaiaci 3ss. 
 M. F. Pulvis. 
 To be taken night and morning, with a double or even 
 triple proportion of the ingredients, according to circumstances. 
 fn cutaneous diseases. Varied from 
 
 Plum.meii. 
 
 Or, the precipitated sulphur of antimony and 
 calomel may be made into pills with extract of 
 gentian or conserve of roses. Along with this 
 medicine Dr. Plummer generally directed his pa- 
 tients to take the compound decoction of guaia- 
 cum, Ed. Ph. or, as it used to be called, the de- 
 coction of the woods. 
 
 Pills luith Opium and Tartarised Antimony. 
 R. Opii purificat. gr. vj. 
 
 Antimon. tartarisat. gr. iij. 
 Cons. Ros. gr. xv. 
 Pulv. Glycyrrhiz. q. s. 
 Vt font Pil. xij. 
 
102 EVACUANTS. G. DIAPHORETICS. Class L 
 
 One to be taken every night at bed time, or in some cases 
 twice a day. In fevers. 
 
 St. Thos. Hosp. 
 
 Pills with Sulphurated Kali, 
 R. Kali sulphurat. (Sulphuret. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) gr. xv, 
 Sapon. alb. 5J. 
 Bals. Per. q. s. 
 Ut nant Pilulse xxx. 
 Dose, 3 pills every 4th hour, with a draught of infusion of 
 juniper berries made warm. In chronic rheumatism, and in 
 some cutaneous diseases. 
 
 In doses of 3 or A grs. the kali sulphuraturn 
 excites much nausea and often vomiting. 
 
 Bolus with Antimonial Powder and Camphor ; 
 
 R. Pulv. Antimonialis. 
 
 Camphor. (Sp. Vin. sub.) aa gr. vj. 
 Cons. Cynosb. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 To be taken night and morning, along with balm tea. In 
 fevers. 
 
 Fox's Form. 
 
 The proportion of Camphor in this prescription 
 may be doubled in many cases. 
 
 Bolus with Guaiacum and Tartarised Antimony, 
 
 K. Gum. Guaiaci 3j. 
 
 Antimon. tartarisat. (Tartrit. Ant. Ph. Ed.) 
 Opii purificat. aa gr. j. 
 Syr. Croci q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. G. DIAPHORETICS. 103 
 
 To be given twice a day, in rheumatic and dropsical case*. 
 Varied from 
 
 Hl'gm Smith. 
 
 The proportion of giiaiacum may be increased 
 according to circumstances. In the original, the 
 quantity of tartarised antimony and opium is too 
 great for the generality of patients. On the other 
 hand, the trifling addition of only four grains of 
 camphor tl^ere directed can contribute little to. 
 the efficacy of the medicine, and are therefore 
 here omitted. 
 
 Draught with Wine of Antimony and Tincture 
 of Opium, 
 
 R. Aq. Menthas sativ. 5jss. 
 Sp. Cinnam. 5Jss. 
 Vin. Antimon. gtt. xxx. 
 Tinct. Opii gtt. xxv. 
 M. F. Haust. 
 To be taken at bed time. In the sciatica. With the sub- 
 stitution of mint water and spirit of cinnamon for the two 
 alexiterial waters, which are expunged from our present phar- 
 macopoeias, and with the omission of a drachm of syrup, this 
 prescription is taken from 
 
 Fothehgill. 
 
 Antimonial wine given, in this manner, in con- 
 junction with opium, is a diaphoretic admirably- 
 suited to rheumatic cases ; especially when fur- 
 ther assisted, as Dr. F. has recommended, by 
 small doses of calomel, given in pills along with 
 these draughts. 
 
104 EVACUANTS. G. DIAPHORETICS. Class 1. 
 
 Some prefer to the wine of antimony, a solution 
 of a quarter of a grain of tartarised antimony (tar- 
 trite of antimony, Ed. Ph.) in the above-mentioned 
 distilled water, adding the tincture of opium in 
 the same proportion as here directed. 
 
 Draught with Wine of Antimony and Acetated 
 Ammonia, 
 R. Mist. Camphoratae 3JSS. 
 Aq. Ammon. acetatae gss. 
 Yin. Antimon. gtt. xl. 
 Tinct. Opii gtt.xx. M. 
 To be taken at bed time, or oftener, but then with only half 
 the quantity of tincture. In acute rheumatism. 
 
 Blake. 
 
 Draught with Volatile Liquor oj Hartshorn. 
 R. Liquor. Vol. C. C. gtt. l. 
 Aquae purae 3jss. M. 
 To be taken 3t bed time, or night and morning. In chronic 
 rheumatism, after other evacuations. 
 
 Prixgle. 
 
 The camphor mixture may sometimes be sub- 
 stituted in place of the simple water, in the above 
 draught ; to which 30 or 40 drops of Sp. of Ni- 
 trous ^Ether may often be added with advantage. 
 
 Mixture with Inspissated Juice of Elderberries and 
 
 Nitrated Kali. 
 
 R. Succ. Bacc. Sambuci spissat. =;jss. 
 
 Kali nitrat. (Nitrat. potassae, Ph. Ed.) 5J. 
 Aq. ferventis ifcj. M. 
 pose, 3 tabic spoonfuls e\ery other hour. In fevers. Al- 
 tered from 
 
 Collin. 
 
• /• ]. EVACt-.r- G. DIAPHORETICS. 105 
 
 The Mixture Diaphoretica of the Pulda Dispen- 
 satory, consists od six drachma of the inspissated 
 juice of elder-berries, dissolved in eight ounces of 
 water, to which are afterwards added hall" an ounce 
 of water of aeetated ammonia, and one ounce o( 
 oxymel or acetated honey. 
 
 Bergius observes, that the elder-rob is a wy 
 serviceable domestic remedv in Sweden, which 
 promotes sweat, at the same time that it has a re- 
 frigerant and somewhat laxative operation. If re-? 
 quired in large doses, an electuary is the best form. 
 
 Mixture with Acetated Honey, 
 
 R, Mollis opt. 
 
 Afceli distillat aa Jji 
 Aq; lerventis ;,mv. M. 
 A ten cupful to be taken warm, in bed. In febrile dis* 
 •rders. 
 
 BotlRH A AVE. 
 
 A little mace is directed to be added in the ori- 
 ginal prescription; but this is an indefinite di- 
 rection. AY here an aromatic is required, half an 
 ounce or drachms oi spirit of peppermint I 
 be mixed with the above ingredients. This sort 
 of composition, derived from the ancients, was a 
 favourite remedy with physicians oi the Bocr- 
 haavian school; but most practitioners in these 
 days prefer the acid juice of lemons sweetened 
 with sugar and diluted with water, well known 
 under the name of Lemonade. 
 
106 EVACUAMTS. G. DIAPHORETICS. Class h 
 
 * 
 
 Guaiacum Mixture. 
 
 R. Gum. Guaiaci. 
 
 Sacch. purificatl aa 35s. 
 Gum. Arab. ^ij. 
 Simul bene tritis addantur 
 Aq. menth. sativ. 5'tx. M. 
 Dose, 2 large spoonfuls morning and evening, with a large 
 draught of decoction of barley or gruel afterwards. In arth- 
 ritic and rheumatic cases. 
 
 Berger. 
 
 Dr. Bang has a watery solution (as it is termed) 
 of this gum-resin, in the proportion of three 
 drachms to six ounces of mint water, of which a 
 large spoonful is ordered to be taken every three 
 hours, in similar cases ; and this method of giving 
 it at frequent repetitions, seems better suited to 
 some cases than Berger's plan of administering it 
 twice, or at least than Dr. Cullen's, of administer- 
 ing it only once a day. He moreover leaves out 
 the sugar, and perhaps not improperly ; since, by 
 means of the mucilage, the gum is sufficiently 
 miscible without it, and any advantage which the 
 sugar may give by making the medicine palatable, 
 is counterbalanced by its tendency to increase its 
 laxative operation : for, though it is desirable in 
 the complaints in which this remedy is employed, 
 that it should keep the belly moderately open ; 
 yet when it passes off too quickly by stool, it is 
 slower and less constant in producing a cure : ac- 
 cordingly we learn from Dr. Bang's reports, that 
 
Class I. EVACUANT3. G. DIAPHORETICS. 10/ 
 
 while in several patients who were cured by its 
 use, the alvine and other excretions were increased; 
 others, on the contrary, to whom however it 
 proved equally beneficial, did not experience any 
 such effect. In other respects, Berger's method 
 of exhibiting the medicine in a more diluted state, 
 if it do not render it too purgative, is to be pre- 
 ferred ; though a pint of gruel, the quantity he 
 directs to be drunk after each dose, is more than 
 the sick in general would chuse to take, and more 
 indeed than some stomachs can be made to bear. 
 Besides painful affections of the joints, similar af- 
 fections of the head, stomach, and other parts, es- 
 pecially when they have appeared to be of a rheu- 
 matic or gouty nature, have been also removed by 
 the use of this mixture. And it has, moreover, 
 been lately given with success in dropsical cases, 
 in which it has gradually carried off the water by 
 sweat, urine, and stools. 
 
 Sir J. Pringle used to give in rheumatic cases a 
 scruple of the gum guaiacum twice or thrice a 
 day, diffused by means of yolk of egg in an ounce 
 and a half of common water, and joined with 5 
 grs. of salt of hartshorn. 
 
 Camphor Mixture, L. Ph. 
 Dose, 3 or 4 tabic spoonfuls every 3d or 4th hour. 
 
 In fevers this mixture is commonly given in 
 combination with antimonials, with water of ace- 
 tated ammonia, with nitrated kali, &c. 
 9 
 
108 EVACUANTS. G. DIAPHORETICS. Class L 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous JEther, L. and Ed. Ph. 
 Dose, from 30 to 80 or 100 drops. 
 
 Decoction of Sarsaparilla and Guaiacum, 
 Give of the Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla, Lond. Ph. 
 a quarter of a pint or more, 3 or 4 times a day. In venereal 
 and rheumatic cases. 
 
 In the same cases and in the same doses may 
 be given the 
 
 Compound Decoction of Guaiacum, Ed. Ph. 
 
 Decoction of Seneka 
 As under Expectorants. 
 
 Decoction of Woody Nightshade. 
 As under Diuretics. 
 
 Decoction of Virginian Snakeroot. 
 As under Stimulants. 
 
 Tincture of Guaiacum, Ed. Ph. 
 
 This is a solution of the guaiacum in spirit of wine or alkohoL 
 Dose, 2 or 3 drachms in chronic rheumatism and gout. 
 
 Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum. 
 
 Give of the Tincture of Guaiacum, L. Ph. 1 or 2 drachmi 
 for a dose, in the same cases. 
 
 This (the Tincture of Guaiacum, Ph. Lond.) 
 is a solution of guaiacum in the compound spirit 
 
Class I. EVACUANTS. G. DIAPHORETICS. IO9 
 
 of ammonia. There is a similar preparation in 
 the Ed. Ph. under the more apposite title of 
 Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum. 
 
 These tinctures are commonly given mixed up 
 with mucilage and a proper quantity of common 
 water, or mint-water, in the form of draughts or 
 mixtures. 
 
 The London College would have done well in 
 admitting, as the Edinburgh College has done, 
 two tinctures or solutions of this gum-resin, viz. 
 a solution in spirit of wine (alkohol,) and a solu- 
 tion in spirit of ammonia (ammoniated alkohol.) 
 Concerning the last of these preparations, it is re- 
 marked by Cullen, that the quantity of guaiacum 
 contained in the largest dose of it that can be 
 given is very trifling, and that it is unsuited to 
 many cases, on account of the heating effects of 
 the ammonia or volatile alkali, in which it is dis- 
 solved. With regard to the employment of the 
 tincture of guaicum, whether made in this way, 
 or with vinous spirit, he thinks it has often done 
 much mischief in the gout ; for though he does 
 not deny that it has prevented the returns of the 
 fit, yet he asserts that it has brought on other 
 diseases, which have carried off the patients. 
 
 Tincture of Aconite. 
 
 R. Fol. Aconiti siecat. *j. 
 
 Sp. Vin. rectificat. (alkohol.) 3VJ. 
 Digere per dies septcm, et per chartam cola. 
 
110 EVACUANTS. H. EMMENAGOGUES. Class I. 
 
 Dose, at first 5 or 10 drops, to be gradually increased to 40. 
 In the same cases as the Powder with Extract of Aconite. 
 
 Kjempf. 
 
 Wine- Whey, 
 Dose, half a pint taken warm at bed time. 
 
 Mustard- Whey . 
 As under Stimulants. 
 
 EVACUANTS. H. EMMENAGOGUES. 
 
 The medicines for promoting the menstrual 
 evacuation mentioned under this sub-division, are 
 especially adapted to those cases which are accom- 
 panied with a want of vigour in the circulation, 
 or in which there is that combination of symptoms 
 termed chlorosis : And to those cases, likewise, in 
 which the menstrual suppression, or obstruction 
 seems to arise from a spasmodic constriction of 
 the uterine vessels. But where there is much ap- 
 pearance of inflammation or plethora, they will 
 generally be found improper. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Emmenagogues- 
 Aloe Aloe perfoliata. 
 
 Aloes. 
 Gaibanum Bubon Galbanum. 
 
 Galbanum. 
 Helleborus niger Helleborus nigcr, 
 
 Black Hellebore. 
 Myrrha. 
 
 Myrrh. 
 
Class I. EVACUANT9. H. EMMENAGOGUES. 1 1 I 
 
 Rubia Rubia tincturum. 
 
 Madder. 
 Sabina Juniperus Sabina. 
 
 Savine. 
 
 Ferrum et ejus praeparata. 
 
 Iron and its preparations. 
 Hydrargyria. 
 
 Quicksilver. 
 
 Semicupium Pediluvium calidum , 
 
 Aquse Bathonicae. 
 
 Bath Waters. 
 Electrisatio. 
 
 Electrization. 
 Emetica. Emetics. 
 Tonica. Tonics. 
 Antispasmodica. Antispasmodics. 
 
 Powder of Madder. 
 
 Give of pulverised madder- root, half a drachm, 3 or 4 times 
 a day. 
 
 Home. 
 
 After 2 days, 2 scruples may be given ; and if 
 this dose should not prove effectual in 2 or 3 days, 
 it may be increased to as much as a drachm, 4 
 times a day. 
 
 Out of ]Q cases, this author cured 14 by the 
 use of this root. According to his account, it 
 does not shew much sensible operation, neither 
 quickening the pulse, nor disordering the stomach 
 and bowels. It succeeded so well with him, that 
 he asserts it to be the strongest and safest em- 
 
Ill EVACUAN-TS. H. EMMENAGOGUES. Class ti 
 
 menagogue with which we are acquainted. But 
 M. Herz, of Berlin, did not derive like advan- 
 tages from it, in the experiments which he made 
 with this plant ; and Dr. Cullen says, that in all 
 the trials that he made with it, it failed ; and 
 that he knew of other practitioners who, after 
 several ineffectual trials with it, entirely deserted 
 its use. The effect which it has of making ani- 
 mals that are fed with it, waste and pine away, 
 has induced some writers to caution against its 
 free employment. 
 
 Some practitioners join with it an equal propor- 
 tion of vitriolated kali, (sulphate of potass, Ed. 
 Ph.) which seems to be an useful adjunct. For 
 other observations respecting the emmenagogue 
 powers of this root, the reader is referred to the 
 Practical Synopsis of the Mat. Med. Vol. I. p. 
 296. 
 
 Powder with Savine and Vitriolated Kali. 
 
 R. Fol. Sabinae exsiccat. 
 Pulv. Zingib. aa 3ss. 
 
 Kali vitriolat. (Sulphat. potassae, Ph. Ed.) 5ss< 
 M. F. Pulvis. 
 To be taken twice a day. Varied from 
 
 Hartm.w, 
 
 Larger doses of savine, such as half a drachm or 
 more, have been given in this intention ; but it is 
 a violent remedy, and, unless employed in mo- 
 derate quantities, is capable of producing very dis- 
 
 4 
 
Class 1. evacuAnts. h. emmenagogues. 113 
 
 tressing smyptoms. On this account, though it is 
 allowed to shew a powerful determination to the 
 uterus, physicians are backward in recommending 
 its use. 
 
 Powder luith Savine and Myrrh. 
 
 Give of the Compound Powder of Myrrh, L. Ph. half a 
 drachm twice a day. 
 
 Powder with Aloes and Iron, L. Ph. 
 Dose, fifteen grains. 
 
 Pills with Black Hellebore, Savine and Iron. 
 R. Pulv. Rad. Hellebor. nigri 3ij» 
 G. Myrrhse. 
 Extr. Sabinae. 
 
 Ferr. Ammoniacal. aa gr. xv. 
 Syr. Croci q. s. 
 Utfiant Filulae, ponder. 3 granorum. 
 Varied from 
 
 Hartma^* 
 
 This acrid medicine requires some mild, muci- 
 laginous drink, such as the decoction of barley, to 
 be taken with it. It should not be had recourse 
 to, till the milder emmenagogues have been tried 
 in vain. — The ferrum ammoniacale, Ph. L. is a 
 triple salt, compounded of muriatic acid, ammonia 
 and oxyd of iron ; accordingly in the Ed. New 
 Pharmacopoeia it is denominated murias ammonise 
 et ferri. 
 
 Pills with Aloes and Myrrh, L. and Ed. PL 
 Dose, fifteen grains night and morning. 
 I 
 
114 EVACUANTS. H. EMMENAGOGUES. Class I. 
 
 Compound Galbanum Pills, L. Ph. 
 Dose, the same. 
 
 These two compositions mixed together in equal 
 proportions, or in the proportion of two, parts of 
 the first to one part of the second, form a medicine 
 of great efficacy against uterine obstructions. 
 
 The compound asafcetida pills of the Edinburgh 
 New Pharmacopoeia, are a simpler, and perhaps a 
 better preparation than the compound galbanum 
 pills of our Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Quicksilver Pills, L. and Ed. Ph. 
 
 Dose, 8, 10 or 12 grs. night and morning, (attention being- 
 given to the difference in strength between the 2 formulae.) 
 
 From several trials, Dr. Cullen was convinced, 
 that the continued use of mercury has proved a cure 
 *>f suppressions of the menses; but he thinks it is 
 not so proper a remedy in cases of retention. It 
 ivas long since recommended in such cases by Pit- 
 cairn. — Some prescribe, with the same intention, 
 calomel in place of the triturated quicksilver. 
 
 Pills ivith Aloes mid Vitriolated Iron, {Sulphate of 
 Iron, Ed. Ph.) 
 
 R. Pulv. Aloes cum Ferro, Ph. L. gr. xliy. 
 Muc, G. Arab. q. s. 
 Ut fiant Pil. xij, 
 Dose, 3 pills night and morning. 
 
Class!. EVACUANTS. H. EMMENAGOGUES. 115 
 
 Electuary with Extract of Chamomile and Rust of 
 Iron. 
 
 R. Extr. Chamcemeli £ij. 
 
 Cons. Cort. Aurant. hispalens. 3J. 
 Rubig. Ferri (Carbonat. Ferri, Ph. Ed.) 5ij. 
 Syr. Zingib. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Electuarium, 
 Dose,' the size of a nutmeg morning and evening. Varied 
 from 
 
 Hugh Smith. 
 
 Tincture of Black Hellebore, L. Ph. 
 
 Give a tea spoonful in a draught of warm water, twice a 
 day. 
 
 Mead. 
 
 This remedy, which hardly ever disappointed 
 Dr. Mead's expectations, has not succeeded so 
 well in the hands of other practitioners. Dr. 
 Cullen assures his readers, that in many trials he 
 never found the emmenagogue virtues of this me- 
 dicine, and that he never met with any practitioners 
 of his country, though often trying it, who had 
 better success in this respect. In like manner 
 the late Dr. Heberden's testimony is not in its 
 favour. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Savine, L. Ph. 
 Dose, one drachm twice a day. 
 
 Tincture of Aloes, L. and Ed. Ph. 
 
 I 2 
 
Il6 EVACUAXTS. H. EMMENAGOatJBS. Class 1. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Aloes, L. Ph. 
 
 Dose of either, 2 drachms or a tea spoonful twice or thrice a 
 day. 
 
 MtkereaX Tincture of Aloes, Ed. Ph. 
 Dose, the same as the last. 
 
 Tincture of Ammoniacal Iron, JL. Ph. 
 Dose, forty or fifty drops twice a day. 
 
CLASS II. 
 EMOLLIENTS. A. DILUENTS. 
 
 TJnder this class is comprehended not only pure 
 water, but water impregnated with the muci- 
 laginous parts of vegetables, and with the gela- 
 tinous parts of animal substances. These liquids 
 ure generally given in a tepid state, and are admi- 
 nistered largely in fevers and bilious complaints ; 
 in diarrhoea and dysentery; in calculous affections, 
 in strangury, &c. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Diluents* 
 Aqua communis. 
 
 Common Water. 
 Infusum Panis tosti. 
 
 Toast and Water. 
 Infusum Melissa:. 
 
 Balm Tea. 
 Infusum Theas. 
 
 Common Tea, 
 Decoctum Avenae. 
 
 Gruel. 
 Decoctum Hordei. 
 
 Barley Water. 
 Jusculum carnis bubulae dilutum. 
 
 Beef Tea. 
 Jusculum Pullinum dilutum. 
 
 Chicken Water. 
 Serum Lactis. 
 
 Whey. 
 
118 EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. Class II. 
 
 EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. 
 
 Ichthyocolla Acipenser Huso, 
 
 Isinglas. 
 Sperma Ceti (Sevum Ceti,) Physeter Macrocephalus. 
 
 Spermaceti. (Suety matter of the physeter whale.) 
 
 Arabicum Gummi Mimosa nilotica. 
 
 Gum Arabic. 
 Althaea Althaea officinalis. 
 
 Marshmallow. 
 Amygdalae dukes Amydalus communis. 
 
 Sweet Almonds. 
 Amylum Triticum hybcrnum. 
 
 Starch. 
 
 Avenae semen decorticatum ej usque farina Avena so* 
 
 tiva. 
 
 Groats and Oatmeal. v 
 
 Glycyrrhiza Glycyrrhiza glabra. 
 
 Liquorice. 
 
 Hordei semen decorticatum Hordeum distkhon. 
 
 Pearl Barley. 
 Lichen Islandicus Lichen islandicus. 
 
 Iceland liver- wort. 
 Lini semen Li num. visit titissimum. 
 
 Linseed. 
 Malva Malva sylvestris. 
 
 Mallow. 
 Maranta. ..... Maranta arundinacea. 
 
 Indian Arrow Root. 
 Olivae oleum Olea curopcca. 
 
 Olive Oil. 
 Orchidis radix Orchis mascula. Orchis moriOj &c. 
 
 Salep. 
 Sagu Metroxylon Sago. Rottboll. See Annals of 
 
 Sago. Botany, No. II. Vol. I. 
 
 9 
 
Class II. EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. 11Q 
 
 Tragacantha Astragalus Tragacantha. 
 
 Gum Tragacauth. 
 Tussiiago Tussilago Tarfara. 
 
 Coltsfoot. 
 
 'Cera. 
 
 Wax. 
 
 Starch-Troches, LoncL Ph. 
 
 Gum-Troches, Ed. Ph. 
 
 One of these troches to be dissolved in the mouth at plea- 
 sure. In coughs, diarrhoeas, &c. 
 
 Liquorice-Troches , Lond. Pit. 
 
 Liquorice-Troches with Opium, Ed. Ph. 
 
 To be used in the same manner, in coughs accompanied 
 with a tickling sensation in the fauces. 
 
 Compound Powder of Gum Tragacanth, L. Ph. 
 
 Dose> one or two tea spoonfuls in balm tea, every now and 
 then. In hectic cases, tickling coughs, strangury, dysentery, 
 and gonorrhaea. See 
 
 Lewis. 
 
 Mucilage of Gum Arabic, L. and Ed. Ph. 
 
 Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth, L. and Ed. Ph. 
 
 Mucilage of Quince Seed, L. Ph. 
 
 All these mucilages may be given in doses of 
 an ounce, or an ounce and a half. . 
 
120 EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. CklSS II* 
 
 Mixture with Almond OIL 
 
 R. Ol. Amygd. d. 3J. 
 G. Arab. 3SS. 
 Aq. purae jgyiij. 
 Misceantur terendo, dein addatur 
 Syr. Althaeas 5J. 
 Dose, one table spoonful 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 Ph. Boruss. C. 
 
 Spei'ma-Ceti Mixture. 
 
 |L Spermatis Ceti. 
 G. Arab. aa5J. 
 Syr. Papa v. alb. 3J. 
 Exacte et diu subactis sensim add© 
 Decoct. Hordei |viij. 
 Dose, two large spoonfuls every hour, or every 2nd hour, 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 Instead of preparing this mixture with decoc- 
 tion of pearl barley, which is not always at hand, 
 it will be better to use common water, in that 
 case doubling or trebling the quantity of gum 
 arable. In all cases fresh almond oil is preferable 
 to the $uety substance called sperma ceti. See 
 Practical Synopsis of the Mat. Med. Vol. II. p. 6. 
 
 Wax Emulsion. 
 
 B. Cerae albae (vel flavae,) 5iij. 
 Sapon. alb. hispan. 5J. 
 Aq. purae 3 j. 
 Liquefiant lento igne in vase ferreo, agitando spa* 
 tula y dein efi unde in mortarium et adde paulatim 
 Aquae purae jbij. 
 

 ClaSS I L EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. 121 
 
 Syr. Althaeae. 
 Sp. Cinnamom. aa Jj. 
 Terendo optime tit. fiat Emulsio. 
 Dose, a tea cupful frequently. In dysenteries. Varied from 
 
 Donald JMonko. 
 
 This, as Sir J. Pringle has remarked, makes a 
 smooth mixture of no disagreeable taste, of which 
 the patient should take as much at proper inter- 
 nals, as to consume a pint in a day. It was fre- 
 quently used with much success in the military 
 hospitals in America, both by Dr. Huck Saunders 
 and by Mr. W. Russell. In the Emulsio Cerata 
 of the Fulda dispensatory, there are six drachms 
 of wax to a quart of the decoction of marsh-mal- 
 low roots. 
 
 Almond Milk y L. Ph. 
 Give a tea cupful, or a quarter of a pint, occasionally. In 
 hectic cases, and against heat of urine and stranguries. 
 
 In the same manner, and in the same cases may 
 be given' the 
 
 Almond Emulsion, Ed. Ph. 
 
 and the 
 Arabic Emulsion, Ed. PL 
 
 Infusion of Orchis-root or Salep. 
 R. Bad. Orchidia (Salep) 5JSS. 
 Aquae ferventis 3W. 
 Macera leni caloreutriat liquor geJatinosuSj Ctii adjicc 
 Syr. Papav. alb. 3jss, 
 
122 EMOLLIENTS. £. DEMULCENTS. Class III 
 
 Dose, a tea cupful frequently. In diarrhceas, dysen* 
 teries, &c. 
 
 Bang, 
 
 A perfect gelly is made by adding -t a pint of 
 hot water to one drachm of the pulverised root, 
 then boiling it gently for a few minutes, and after- 
 wards passing it through a linen or woollen 
 strainer. A dessert spoonful of this jelly may be 
 taken frequently. — Arrowroot-Gelly, which 
 coincides in its properties with the Salep, is made 
 by adding 2 or 3 tea spoonfuls of the arrowroot- 
 powder to 4- a pint of hot water, without boiling 
 or straining. 
 
 Decoction of Barley, L. and Ed. PL 
 To be drunk at pleasure, in fevers. 
 
 1 However trivial, says Lewis, medicines of this 
 class may appear to be, they are of greater impor- 
 tance, in the cure of acute diseases, than many 
 more laborious preparations. 
 
 Compound Decoction of Barley, L. PL 
 
 To be taken by cupfuls, in coughs and disorders of the 
 lungs. 
 
 Decoction of Hartshorn, L. Ph. 
 Dose, a tea cupful, or more, occasionally. In acute diseases 
 attended with a looseness, and where acrimonious humours 
 abound in the primae viae. 
 
 Lewis. 
 
'ClciSS II. EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. 123 
 
 Decoction ivlth Coltsfoot and Liquorice, 
 R. Flor. Tussilagin. exsiccat. 5jss. 
 Had. Glycyrrhiz. contus. ^ss. 
 Aq. purae ftjss. 
 Decoque ad ft>j. et colaturae adde Tinct. Opii gutt.xx. 
 Dose, a tea cupful now and then. In tickling coughs. 
 Varied from 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 Decoction of Iceland Liverwort. 
 
 R. Lichen, island. 5J. 
 
 Rad. Glycyrrhiz. contus. 5iij. 
 Aq. purae 5xviii. 
 Coque per -i hor. dein cola 3x1V. 
 Dose,, a tea cupful now and then. In phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 QlTARIN, 
 
 The dietetic and medicinal use of this species of 
 lichen amongst the Icelanders, was first mentioned 
 by some Danish writers as far back as the 1 7th cen- 
 tury. They spoke of its efficacy in spitting of 
 blood, consumption of the lungs, and scurvy : but 
 their commendations of it were not attended to ; 
 and it was not till many years afterwards, that any 
 further notice was taken of it. In the year 1737, 
 however, Linnaeus confirmed, by some new obser- 
 vations in the Lapland Flora, the accounts which 
 had been before given of its antiphthisical virtues. 
 Yet, notwithstanding this respectable authority, 
 owing, as Professor Murray has remarked, to some 
 strange forgetfulness, or indolence, that had taken 
 
1 24 EMOLLIENTS. S. DEMULCENTS. Class II. 
 
 hold of their minds, or perhaps from a vain appre- 
 hension of a strong cathartic operation, of which 
 it had heen unjustly accused, practitioners still 
 continued to disregard this remedy for a disease, 
 in the treatment of which no probable means of 
 relief ought to be left untried. At length, how- 
 ever, after an interval of more than thirty years, 
 the public attention was again roused to this sub- 
 ject by Scopoli's observations upon it in 1769 ; 
 since which time it has been much employed, and 
 with great success, in Germany and other parts of 
 the Continent, as appears from the writings of 
 Ebeling, Stoll, Cramer, Herz, Paulizky, Quarin, 
 Richter, and others. And within the last 3 or 4 
 years it has been in considerable request in this 
 country ; its introduction into which may in a 
 great measure be ascribed to the observations in- 
 serted in the former editions of this work. Since 
 which two pamphlets have been published upon it 
 in London, the one by Dr. Regnault, and the 
 other by Mr. Reece, whose pharmaceutical obser- 
 vations we shall presently notice. 
 
 The sensible qualities of this lichen are those 
 of a bitter and a mucilage. To the last it owes its 
 alimentary, to the first, its tonic power ; and to 
 the presence of both, all its peculiar medical vir- 
 tues. It has this great advantage, as Professor 
 Murray has observed, over other mucilaginous 
 vegetable substances, that it does not, like them, 
 
Class II. EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. 125 
 
 bind the body ; but, on the contrary, keeps it 
 loose and open, without, however, at the same 
 time proving too cathartic. 
 
 Spitting of blood, when it does not proceed 
 from an inflammatory diathesis, consumptions, 
 chronic catarrhs ; in short, all disorders of the 
 lungs, from pituitous defluctions and weakness, 
 are the cases in which this medicine has been 
 found especially useful. The effects ascribed to 
 it in these instances, are, that it mitigates the 
 cough, facilitates the breathing, abates the fever, 
 promotes the expectoration, increases the appe- 
 tite (by invigorating the organs of digestion along 
 with the rest of the body) restrains the sweats and 
 colliquative diarrhoea, and nourishes and strength- 
 ens the whole system. Even when these dis- 
 orders have proceeded to such a pitch as not to 
 admit of a cure, still it is said to render the suf- 
 ferings of the patient more tolerable, and to pro- 
 long the number of his days. 
 
 Nor is it only in the above-mentioned cases, 
 that the Iceland Liverwort has been employed witrv 
 advantage. It has also proved serviceable in diar- 
 rhoeas of long standing, in some kinds of dysen- 
 tery, in scurvy, &c. And, in convalescences from 
 fevers, where the body has been weakened and 
 emaciated by want of food, by evacuations, and by 
 the exhausting power of the disease, especial Jv if 
 the lungs bave suffered, this plant is rccom- 
 
126 EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. Class IL 
 
 mended as an excellent tonic and restorative me- 
 dicine. 
 
 On the Continent it is generally prescribed in 
 the form of a decoction, of which there are two 
 kinds, viz. one, that is prepared with milk, and 
 another with water. Of the first, Hartman has 
 an example with 1 drachms of the herb to a pint 
 of milk, which is ordered to be drunk off in a 
 morning. Bergius directs it to be boiled up in 
 the same medium to the thickness of a pottage, 
 which he gave to the amount of a quart a day, to 
 consumptive patients ; many of whom, he says, 
 were not only recovered, but were even made fat 
 by it. But milk, though it covers in some mea- 
 sure the bitterness of the medicine, and is gene- 
 rally supposed to be suited to phthisical persons, 
 does nevertheless disagree, in such cases, with 
 many stomachs, and renders the medicine too 
 glutinous and heavy for almost all. For these 
 reasons, the watery decoction seems to be the 
 best preparation of the two, and as such we have 
 given it the preference. 
 
 This decoction should be given freely, so that 
 an ounce or more of the lichen be consumed in 
 a day. 
 
 Other preparations, however, are preferred by 
 some late writers on this vegetable. Thus, Dr. 
 Regnault, in his late pamphlet, directs a jelly 
 made by boiling for one hour 6 oz, of the lichen 
 
Class II EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. 127 
 
 in 3 quarts of water, (the plant being previously 
 steeped in hot water to extract its bitterness) the 
 decoction is then to be strained through a fine 
 hair sieve, and afterwards evaporated till it is re- 
 duced to a pint ; to which are to be added 6 oz. 
 of white sugar : after which the liquor is to be 
 boiled till it becomes of the consistence of a syrup ; 
 which when cold will be a perfect jelly. Of this 
 jelly 6 spoonfuls may be taken in a day. It has 
 been objected to this preparation that it only re- 
 tains the mucilaginous, without any of the bitter 
 qualities of the herb ; which last, (the bitterness) 
 though it may be unpalatable, is thought by many 
 practitioners to contribute to its medicinal virtues. 
 
 Hence the preference which has been given to 
 Mr. Reece's preparation, which he terms the fa- 
 rina of the lichen, in which the bitter and the mu- 
 cilage are combined. This lichen-farina may be 
 boiled in chocolate or cocoa, and taken every 
 morning for breakfast, in the quantity of 3 
 drachms : or> to a dessert spoonful of it may be 
 added as much cold water as will make it into a 
 soft paste, on which £ a pint of boiling water or 
 warm milk is to be gradually poured, stirring the 
 mixture briskly all the while : after it has boiled 
 for about 10 minutes, it will become a smooth, 
 thin jelly, which may be flavoured by sugar, cin- 
 namon, and other spices. 
 
 It may be proper to subjoin, that Dr. Stoll has 
 forbidden it to be prescribed where the lungs are 
 
128 EMOLLIENTS. E. DEMULCENTS. Class II. 
 
 actively i«fkf#§& M. Herz, of Berlin, has given 
 similar cautions with regard to its exhibition in 
 pulmonary affections; and has, moreover, observed 
 that it is not proper in dysenteric cases, as long as 
 the tongue and fauces remain foul, the stomach 
 and intestines not sufficiently cleansed, with symp- 
 toms of inflammation, and fixed pain in any part 
 of the abdomen. 
 
 Clyster of Decoction of Linseed and Poppy. 
 R. Sem. Lini 5ij. 
 
 Cap. Papav. num. j. 
 Coque per i hor. in s. q. aquae. Colaturae Ibss add* 
 
 Vkell. Ovi num. j. 
 M. pro Enemate. 
 In tenesmus and abrasions of the intestines. 
 
 Hart man". 
 
 The proportion of linseed may be doubled m 
 many cases. 
 
 Milh - Clyst er with Op ium . 
 
 R. Lactis tepefact. ^x. 
 Opii purifkat. gr. ij. 
 Muc. G. Arab. §j. 
 Divide into two portions, to be thrown up at intervals. I* 
 t&e same cases. 
 
 Hart man * 
 
 Broth-Clyster with Opium, 
 
 R. Juscul. Carats vervecin. %v. 
 Opii purirkat. gr. iij. M. 
 
ClaSS II. EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. J 2Q 
 
 This is both a demulcent and a nutrient injec- 
 tion. There is a formula similar to this in the 
 pharmacopoeia of Guy's Hospital. 
 
 Starch- Clyster, Lew. D, 
 
CLASS III. 
 ABSORBENTS. 
 
 Medicines which are given to counteract acidity 
 in the stomach and intestinal canal, are termed 
 Absorbents. In most instances their use should 
 be premised by emetics or cathartics. See Prac- 
 tical Synopsis, Vol. II. p. 23. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Absorbents. 
 
 Ammonia praeparata Carbonas Ammoniae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Prepared Ammonia (Vol. Alkali.) Carbonate of Am- 
 monia, 
 
 Aqua et Spir. Ammoniac Aqua Carbonatis Ammonia: 
 
 et Alkohol Ammoniatum, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Water and Spirit of Ammonia (Vol. Spirits.) Water 
 of Carbonate of Ammonia and Ammoniated Alkohol. 
 Sal et Liquor Vol. C. C. 
 
 Salt and Vol. Liquor of Hartshorn.' (Spirit of Hartshorn.) 
 
 Cancrorum chelae praeparatae Cancer Pagurus. 
 
 Prepared Crabs'-claws. 
 
 Ostrearum testae praeparatae Ostrea edulis* 
 
 Prepared Oyster shells. 
 
 Spongia usta Spongia ojjicinalis. 
 
 Burnt Sponge. 
 
 Kali praeparatum Carbonas potassae puriss. Ph. Eci. 
 
 Prepared kali. (Salt of Tartar.) Purified Carbonate ©f 
 Potass. 
 
ClaSS III ABSORBENTS. 131 
 
 Aqua kali Aqua carbonatis potassse, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Water of kali. Water of Carbonate oi Potass. 
 
 Aqua kali puri Aqua potassae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Water of pure kali. (Caustic ley ) Water of Potass. 
 
 Aqua mephitica alkalina Aqua supercarbonatis po- 
 
 tassae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Mephitic alkaline water. Water of supercarbonate of 
 potass. 
 
 Natron praeparatum Carbonas Sodae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Prepared natron. (Mild mineral Alkali.) Carbonate of 
 Soda. 
 Aqua Sodae Aqua supercarbonatis sodae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Soda- Water. Water of supercarbonate of soda, 
 
 Creta praeparata Carbonas calcis praep. Ph. Ed. 
 
 Prepared Chalk. Prepared carbonate of lime. 
 
 Aqua calcis. 
 
 Lime Water. 
 Magnesia alba Carbonas Magnesias, Ph. Ed. 
 
 White magnesia. (Mild magnesia.) Carbonate of mag- 
 nesia. 
 Magnesia usta Magnesia. 
 
 Calcined magnesia. Magne^a (i. e. Pure magnesia.) 
 
 Aqua Bristolica. 
 Bristol Water. 
 
 Powder with Crabs Claws and Rhubarb. 
 R. Chel. Cancr. 3j. 
 
 Pulv. Rhabarb. gr. xv. 
 M. F. Pulvis. 
 To be given in acidities of the primae viae. After 
 
 Nicolai, 
 
 Compound Powder of Crabs Claws , L. Ph* 
 Dose, a scruple, or half a drachm, In diarrhoeas, 
 K 2. 
 
182 
 
 ABSORBENTS. Class II L 
 
 Compound Powder of Chalk, L. Ph. 
 Dose, the same. 
 
 Powder with Magnesia and Fennel Seeds. 
 R. Magnesias alb. (Carbonat. Magnes. Ph. Ed.) Bss. 
 Cort. aurant. condit. et siccat. 
 Sem. Foeniculi. 
 Sacch purificat. aa 5J. 
 Terantur in Pulverem. 
 Dose, as much as will lie on the point of a knife, 4 or .5 
 times a day. Designed for those who give suck to children 
 that are troubled with gripes. 
 
 Rosenstein, 
 
 Who says that the mother or nurse may per- 
 severe in the use of this powder as long as the 
 child continues to be griped. He knew a person 
 who was obliged to go on taking it night and 
 morning, for eight months successively. When- 
 ever she left it off for a couple of days, the child 
 was again seized with gripes. 
 
 Powder with Liquorice and Prepared Natron* 
 
 R. Pulv. Rad. Glycyrrhiz. 9j. 
 
 Magnes. alb. (Carbonat. magnes. Ph. Ed.) 3ss. 
 Natr. praeparat. (Carbonat. Sodae, Ph. Ed.) 
 Pulv. Zingiber, aa gr. v. M. 
 Against the heartburn. Varied from 
 
 Nicolai. 
 
 Where the bowels are in a lax state 9ss or 15 
 grains of the creta prseparata may be prescribed in 
 place of the magnesia. 
 
Class III. ABSORBENTS. J33 
 
 Chalk Troches, L. Ph. (Troches of Carbonate of 
 Lime, Ed. Ph.) 
 Dissolve one in the mouth occasionally. In the same cases 
 as the last powder. 
 
 Magnesia Troches, L. Ph. 
 
 To be used in the same manner, and in the same cases ; but 
 often with more advantage than the Chalk Troches, by virtue 
 of their laxative operation. 
 
 Chalk Mixture, L. Ph. 
 Two table spoonfuls to be taken at a time, repeating th« 
 «lose according to its effects. 
 
 Lime Water, L. and Ed. Ph. 
 Dose, a quarter of a pint three or four times a day, in di- 
 arrhoeas, diabetes, leucorrhaea, and calculous affections. Jn 
 these last disorders, however, it is not much to be depended 
 upon. 
 
 It is worthy of notice, that the admixture of a 
 little lime water with milk, makes this article of 
 diet sit easy upon stomachs that cannot otherwise 
 bear it. The proportion should be two or three 
 spoonfuls of the lime water to about ten ounces 
 of milk. 
 
 Mephitic Alkaline Water (Water of Super carbonate 
 of Potass, Ed. Ph.) 
 As under Diuretics. 
 
 Soda Water, (Water of Supercarbonate of Soda. 
 Ed. PL) 
 As under Diuretics. 
 
134 absorbents. Class 1IL 
 
 Alkaline Drops, 
 
 R. Kali praeparat. (Carbonat. Potassas, Ph. Ed.) £j. 
 Aquae distillat. 31J. 
 Solve. 
 Dose, from 20 to 100 drops (according to the age of the child) 
 in a glass of water, every morning, for four days : After which 
 the medicine is to be again repeated for four more days ; and 
 so on till relief is obtained. For rickety children. 
 
 Rosenstein. 
 
 Instead of giving these drops only once a day, 
 it is better to administer half the quantity twice a 
 day, in a little fennel water or decoction of liquo- 
 rice root. These drops have also been adminis- 
 tered with success, when joined with opium, in' 
 the convulsions of children ; in which cases how- 
 ever, the aqua kali pari (aqua potassae, Ph. Ed.) 
 given in doses of 2 or 3 drops, is said to be still 
 more efficacious. 
 
 Water and Spirit of Ammonia, Lond. Ph. 
 
 Water of Carbonate of Ammonia, Ed. Ph. 
 
 Ammoniated Alkohol, Ed. Ph. 
 
 Volatile Liquor of Hartshorn, L. Ph. 
 These may be given in doses of 15 to 60 or SO drops, ir, 
 water or any other convenient vehicle. 
 
CLASS IV. 
 
 REFRIGERANTS. 
 
 Under this class are comprehended those reme- 
 dies which are employed to diminish the heat of 
 the body whenever it exceeds the natural standard ; 
 as happens in fevers and inflammatory disorders. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Refrigerants. 
 
 Aqua frigida. 
 
 Cold Water. 
 Ac-r frigidus. 
 
 Cold Air. 
 
 Acetum distillatum. ..... Acidum acetosum distillatum, 
 
 Ph, Ed. 
 
 Distilled Vinegar. Distilled acetous acid. 
 
 Kali acetatum. ..... Acetis potassae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Acetated kali (Diuretic Salt.) Acetite of potass. 
 Kali citratum. 
 
 Citrated Kali. 
 Kali nitratum Nitras potassae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Nitrated kali (nitre.) Nitrate of potass. 
 Crystalli tartari Supertartris Potassae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Crystals of tartar (Cream of Tartar.) Supertartrite of 
 potass. 
 Sp. iEtheris nitrosi, Ph. L. et Ed. 
 
 Spt. of Nitrous JEther, L. and Ed. Ph. 
 
 Aqua lithargyri acetati composita. 
 
 Compound Water of acetated litharge. 
 (Goulard Water.) 
 
136 EEFRIGERANTS. Class IF. 
 
 Cerussa acetata Acetis plumbi, Ph. Ed, 
 
 Acetated Cerusse (Sugar of lead.) Acetite of lead. 
 
 Zincum vitriolatum Sulphas Zinci, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Vitriolated Zinc (white Vitriol.) Sulphate of Zinc. 
 
 Venaesectio. 
 
 Bleeding. 
 Plurima Cathartica. 
 
 Most Cathartics. 
 
 Cold Water. 
 This, though the simplest, is by no means the 
 least efficacious of all the remedies belonging to 
 this class, whether it be used internally or exter- 
 nally. See Currie's Reports on the Effects of 
 Water ; also Practical Synopsis, Vol. II. p. 40. 
 
 Draught with Cit rated Kali. 
 
 R. Kali praeparat. (Carbonat. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 3j. 
 Succ. Limon. rec. §ss. 
 Aq. purse 5J. 
 Sacch pnrificat. 3j. 
 M. F. Haustus. 
 Varied from 
 
 Mead, 
 
 Who directs jss of the alkaline salt, and syj of 
 the lemon juice ; which quantities are too great 
 for the generality of patients. 
 
 This succeeds still better if given in the act of 
 effervescence, (as directed by Riverius) which is 
 done by dissolving about a scruple of the pre- 
 pared kali in 8 or 10 drachms of common water, 
 or any simple distilled water, and mixing with it, 
 
ClaSS IV. REFRIGERANTS. J 37 
 
 at the moment of taking the medicine, a table 
 spoonful of lemon juice, sweetened with a little 
 sugar: Or the effervescence may be made to take 
 place directly in the stomach, by first taking the 
 alkali dissolved in water, and afterwards swallow- 
 ing down upon it a proper quantity of lemon juice 
 duly sweetened with sugar. 
 
 Mixture with Nitrated Kali. 
 R. Kali nitrat, (Nitrat. potassas, Ph. Ed.) 5Jss. 
 Mel. Acetat. (Oxymel.) Bj. 
 Aq* -paras gvij. M. 
 Dose, 3 table spoonfuls every 3d or 4th hour. With a re- 
 duced proportion of nitre, this is from the 
 
 Pil. BORL'SS. C. 
 
 Nitre, as we have noticed already under the 
 order of Diaphoretics, has been given by some 
 practitioners, and particularly by Dr. Broklesby, 
 in much larger doses. Sydenham has a draught 
 with a drachm of sal prunel; but Dr. Cullen has 
 very properly remarked, that in such quantities 
 this neutral salt very often proves uneasy and pain- 
 ful to the stomach, and therefore that it is better 
 to give it in more divided doses. Agreeably to 
 this observation, one drachm of nitre will in many 
 cases be a sufficient proportion to 8 ounces of 
 water ; and instead of the oxymel, some of the 
 more pleasant syrups may be added. 
 
 Vitriolic Acid Mixture, 
 As under Antiseptics. 
 
i3$ HEFRIGEKANTS. Class IF. 
 
 Apple Decoction. 
 
 R. Pomor. in taleol. sect. No. iij. 
 Decoct. Hord. ifciijss. 
 Coque per \ hor. dein cola ft iij. 
 A tea cupful to be taken frequently. Varied from 
 
 Hart ma 
 
 Gargle with Nitrated Kali. 
 
 R. Kali nitrat. (Nitrat. potassae, Ph. Ed.) 5]. 
 Aquae purse ^vij. 
 Syr. Acidi Acetos. Ph. Ed. 5j. 
 
 M. F. Gargarisma. 
 
 DlSP. Fuld, 
 
 Gargle with Vitriolic Acid. 
 As under Antiseptics. 
 
 Vinegar Clyster. 
 
 R. Acet. dist. (Acid, acetos. dist. Ph. Ed.) ^iv. 
 Aq. purse 3vj vel 3viij. 
 M. F. Enema. 
 Varied from 
 
 Herz. 
 
 Collyrium with Vitriolated Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinci vitriolat. (Sulphat. Zinci, Ph. Ed.) gr. xr. 
 Aq. purae ftss. 
 Solve pro Collyrio. 
 
 Donald Monro. 
 
 Plenck's aqua ophthalmica vitriolata consists of 
 one drachm of vitriolated zinc dissolved in twelve 
 
Class IF. REFRIGERANTS. 13g 
 
 ounces of rose water. Such a strong solution is 
 too rough for most patients. 
 
 Alum Cataplasm, L. Ph. 
 To be spread on lint, and applied to the eye, in inflamma- 
 tions of that part. 
 
 Embrocation with Vinegar and Muriated Ammonia. 
 R. Acet. dist. (Acid, acetos. dist. Ph. Ed.) 5SS. 
 
 Ammon. muriat. (Muriat. Amnion. Ph. Ed.) 3ij. 
 Aq. purae %\ss. 
 M. et solve. 
 To be frequently applied to the bruised part. 
 
 Pn. Bouuss. C. 
 
 Schmucker's celebrated refrigerant, or so called 
 antiphlogistic epithem, consists of the same in- 
 gredients, with addition of some nitrated kali. 
 
 Compound Water of Acetated Litharge. 
 ■Cloths wetted with this liquor to be applied to the inflamed 
 part or parts, and renewed as they become dry. 
 
 Much caution is requisite in applying this and 
 other preparations of lead to large surfaces of 
 the body, (see Aikin, Percival, and Sir G. Baker.) 
 According to some late observations, cold water 
 alone, or vinegar diluted with water, produces all 
 the good without any of the bad effects of the 
 above Compound Water of Acetated Litharge, 
 commonly called Goulard Water. This prepara- 
 tion should have been termed Aqua lithargyri 
 acetati tenuior, to distinguish it from the stronger 
 
140 REFRIGERANTS. Class 1V< 
 
 preparation termed Aqua lithargyri acetati ; but 
 which might have been called Aqua lithargyri ace- 
 tati fortior. 
 
 Ointment of Acetated Cerusse, L. Ph. 
 
 Ointment of Acetite of Lead, Ed. Ph. 
 The precautions mentioned respecting the use 
 of the embrocation of acetated litharge, are 
 equally applicable to this preparation ; there is, 
 however, this farther remark to be made respect- 
 ing the ointment, viz. that it is often very incau- 
 tiously applied to the sore nipples of women w 7 ho 
 give suck ; in consequence of which, infants at 
 the breast have taken in some of it, and been de- 
 stroyed. Sir G. Baker relates, that twelve infants 
 died at Dartmouth in convulsions, occasioned by 
 an ointment of this kind, applied to the nipples 
 of their nurses. The ointment was sold by a wo- 
 man, famous for her skill in treating this complaint. 
 It is added, that more children would probably 
 have shared the same fate, had not the cause 
 been accidentally discovered. A person employed 
 in drawing the breast of a woman, whose nipple 
 had been thus anointed, being affected with great 
 sickness and pain in the stomach, the ointment 
 was examined and ascertained. 
 
CLASS V. 
 ANTISEPTICS. 
 
 Antiseptics are those medicines which are em- 
 ployed, both internally and externally, 'to coun- 
 teract the tendency to a general or partial putre- 
 faction of the body. They are peculiarly suited 
 to cases of typhoid fever, malignant sore throat, 
 gangrene of the extremities, &c. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Antiseptic*. 
 
 Aqua frigida. 
 
 Cold water. 
 Acetum Acidum acetosum, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Vinegar. Acetous acid. 
 Acidum muriaticum Acidum muriaticum, Ph. Ed, 
 
 Muriatic acid (Spt. of Salt.) Muriatic acid. 
 Acidum vitriolicum Acidum sulphuricum, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Vitriolic Acid. Sulphuric acid. 
 
 Acidum nitricum. 
 
 Nitric Acid. 
 
 Abrotonum Artemisia Abrotanum. 
 
 Southernwood. 
 Absinthium maritimum Artemisia maritima. 
 
 Sea Wormwood. 
 Absinthium vulgare Artemisia Absinthium. 
 
 Common Wormwood. 
 Camphora Laurus Camphora. 
 
 Camphor. 
 
142 ANTISEPTICS. ClaSS V. 
 
 Chamcemelum Anthemis nobilis. 
 
 Chamomile. 
 Cicuta Conium maculatum. 
 
 Hemlock. 
 Cinchona , Cinchona officinalis, 
 
 Peruvian bark. 
 Contrayerva Porstenia Contrajcrva. 
 
 Contrayerva. 
 Lirnon Citrus medica* 
 
 The lemon. 
 Lvijula. ...... Oxalis Acetosclla- 
 
 Wood sorrel. 
 Myrrha. 
 
 Myrrh. 
 Opium Papav. somniferi succus spissatus. 
 
 Opium. The inspissated juice of the Papaver 
 somniferum. 
 Ribes nigrum Ribes nigrum. 
 
 The Black Currant. 
 
 Alumen Sulphas aluminae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Alum (argilia vitriolata.) Sulphate of alumina. 
 Supersulphas aluminae et potassae. 
 
 Supersulphate of alumina and potass. 
 lk>rax. 
 
 Borax (natron boracicatum.) Boras sodae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Borate of soda. 
 Sub-boras sodae. 
 
 Sub-bora te of soda. 
 
 Aqua gas acido carbonico foeta. 
 
 Water impregnated with carbonic acid gas. 
 Liquores fermentati, sc. cerevisia, vinum, &c. 
 
 Fermented liquors, viz. Beer, Ale, Porter, Wine, kc. 
 Alkohol. 
 
 Alkohol (Spt. of Wine.) 
 
Class V. ANTISEPTICS. 141 
 
 Suffimenta Acida. 
 
 Acid Fumigations. 
 Hefrigerantia. 
 
 Refrigerants. 
 
 Powder with Peruvian Bark and Camphor. 
 R. Pulv. Cinchonae subt. jss. 
 
 Camphor. (Sp. Vin. subact.) gr. v. 
 M. F. Fulvis. 
 To be taken every 3d or 4th hour. 
 
 Hartmas, 
 
 The proportion of camphor, which in the ori- 
 ginal prescription is only three grains, may be 
 doubled, or even tripled, in some cases. The 
 bark, thus associated, acts as M. Lassonne has 
 observed, with more energy and force, whether it 
 be for the purpose of curing fever or gangrene ; 
 and this observation Dr. Cullen believes to be 
 well founded. 
 
 Electuary with Peruvian Bark and Conserve of 
 Wormwood, 
 R. Pulv. Cinchonae subt. 
 
 Cons. Absinth, maritim. aa jss. 
 — — Ari^iij. 
 Syr. Aurant. Cort. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Electuarium. 
 Dose, the size of a walnut, or nutmeg, every four hours, 
 with a draught of Pyrmont water after it. In scorbutic blotches 
 and ulcerations, with a tendency to gangrene. Altered from. 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 Mixture with Vitriolic Acid (Sulphuric Acid.) 
 R. Aquae commun. distiUat. ^x, 
 3 
 
144 ANTISEPTICS. Class V. 
 
 Acid. Vitriolici (Acid. Sulphurici, Ph. Ed.) ^ss. 
 Syr. Caryophylli rubr. 3y. M. 
 Dose, 4 spoonfuls frequently. Varied from the 
 
 Disp. Fuld. 
 
 Where the bowels are in a lax state, 20 or 30 
 drops of tincture of opium may be added. — The 
 Nitric Acid according to some late accounts, has 
 in like manner been given with good effect in cases 
 of malignant fevers. 
 
 Mixture with Camphor and Lemon Juice* 
 
 R. Camphorae (Sp. Vin. subact.) 3ij. 
 Sacch. purificat. §ss. 
 Simul tritis addantur 
 Succ. Limon. rec. ^ij. 
 Aq. Menth. sativ. %v], M. 
 Dose, 3 spoonfuls every 3d hour. In typhus-fever and 
 gangrene. After the manner of , 
 
 Collin. 
 
 In many cases a few drops of tincture of opium 
 will be a proper addition to this mixture. Both 
 Lewis and Cullen have noticed the advantages of 
 combining, in this manner, camphor with the 
 acid juice of lemons. This juice has been given 
 largely with the best effect in cases of scurvy. 
 
 Aqtaa Gas Acido Carbonico foeta. 
 
 Water impregnated with Carbonic Acid Gas. 
 
 A quarter of a pint to be taken at pleasure. 
 
 This is preferable to common water, in most 
 cases of malignant fevers. It allays thirst, resists 
 
Class V. ANTISEPTICS. 145 
 
 putrescenoy, and refreshes and invigorates the 
 whole system. Respecting the mode of preparing 
 it, see Dr.Duncan's Ed. New Dispensatory, p.3/4. 
 
 Decoction of Peruvian Bark, L. and Ed. PL 
 Dose, 2 ounces every 3d or -ith hour. 
 
 It is commonly given either in the form of 
 draughts or mixtures, joined with a due propor- 
 tion 6f the tincture of Peruvian bark, or of some 
 other bitter aromatic tincture; and frequently 
 with the further addition of a few drops of the 
 vitriolic acid (sulphuric acid.) 
 
 Decoction with Peruvian Bark and Snakeroot. 
 
 R. Cinchon. in pulv. trit. jtrj. 
 
 Coque ex Aq. pur. §X*j-. ad ^viij adjeetls sub finem 
 CCctionis 
 
 Had. Serpentdt. Virgin. 51). 
 Stent per horam, et colaturse admisce 
 Sp. Cinnam. Bjss. 
 Acet. dist. 53s. 
 Of this 4 spoonfuls may be given every 6 hours \ if the pa- 
 tient is heated by it, only 3 ; but if he is lower than usual, four 
 spoonfuls may be given once in four hours j diminishing the 
 quantity, or giving it at larger intervals, according to circum- 
 stances. In the jail and other malignant fevers. With the 
 substitution of spirit of cinnamon and vinegar for the aqua 
 alexiteria spirituosa cum aceto, which is banished from the 
 New Pharmacopoeias, and with the omission of 3$s of sugar, 
 this prescription is from 
 
 PRINCLE. 
 
 In the. first edition of this author's work, three 
 L 
 
146 antiseptics. Class V, 
 
 drachms of the serpentaria were marked down ; 
 but he afterwards found that two were sufficient, 
 and that even this quantity was sometimes to be 
 lessened on account of its heating effects. 
 
 Concerning the internal use of bark in these 
 cases, there is an observation of Dr. Cullen's 
 which deserves to be mentioned, viz. that there 
 are two cases of such epidemic fevers, in which it 
 is either useless or hurtful. The first is, when, 
 after much head-ach, a delirium arises, which is 
 somewhat of the phrenitic kind, increased by 
 taking wine, and is attended with a redness and 
 inflammatory state of the eyes. In all such cases 
 (in which he supposes there is some inflammation 
 of the brain) he found the bark manifestly hurtful. 
 The other case is, when in the advanced state of 
 these fevers, with much delirium, there is much 
 subsultus tendinum, with frequent convulsive 
 twitchings of the limbs. Here he found opium 
 to be the proper remedy ; and that it was com- 
 monly necessary to give it in considerable quan- 
 tity, for further observations on Peruvian Bark, 
 see Tonics. 
 
 lied Port Wine. 
 
 It maybe given to the quantity of half a pint (or even mor£) 
 j day, if it does not increase the delirium. In the advanced 
 stages of the last mentioned fevers. 
 
 PllINOLE. 
 
 In such cases, wine, judiciously administered, is 
 
CIUSS V. ANTISEPTICS. 147 
 
 one of the most powerful medicines in nature ; as 
 we shall have an opportunity of remarking more 
 particularly under the class of Stimulants. 
 
 Gargle with Muriatic Acid. 
 
 R. Mucilag. Sem. Cydonii Jbs£. 
 Syr. Morilj. 
 Acid.Muriatieigtt. xxx, 
 M. F. Gargarisma. 
 
 C0NN£L. 
 
 Gargle with Vitriolic Acid. 
 
 ft. Decoct. Hord. Ibss. 
 Mel. Ross 3jss. 
 
 Acid. Vitriolic! dilut. (Acid. Sulphtirici dHut. tk* 
 Ed.) q. s. 
 
 Ad gratum acorefll. 
 
 Guy's Hos?. 
 
 Gargle zvith Contrayerva and Tincture of Myrrh. 
 6. Decoct. Hordei Jxij. 
 Inter coquendum adde 
 
 Rad. Contrayerv. contus. 3»«* 
 Liquori colato admisce 
 Acet. distiilat. |jj. 
 Tinct. Myrrh. Jj. 
 Mellis opt. 5vj. 
 F. Gargarisma. 
 In the malignant or gangrenous sore throat. With the sub- 
 stitution of the decoct, hordei for the decoct, hord. compos. thU 
 is from 
 
 Fo^HEBOi^i. 
 
 As the parts about the gullet (says this, author) 
 are frequently so much affected as to ren4$r it 
 
143 antiseptics. Class V. 
 
 painful, or impracticable, for the sick themselves 
 to make use of a gargle so freely as they ought ; 
 it should be ordered, that a few spoonfuls of this 
 liquor made somewhat warm, should be very often 
 injected into the fauces with a small syringe ; and 
 especially before the patient swallows any thing, 
 in order to wash off as much as possible the putrid 
 sordes adhering to the ulcers, and prevent it from 
 passing into the stomach and bowels. In young- 
 subjects this method is the more necessary, as they 
 do not always know how to manage a gargle to 
 any purpose, did the soreness of the parts permit 
 them to do it. The same experienced physician 
 further remarks, that, as so mucri/lepends, in the 
 cure of the putrid sore throat, upon the frequent 
 use of gargles, or rather injections^ a strict atten- 
 tion to this affair can scarcely be too strongly en- 
 joined to those who have the care of the sick com- 
 mitted to them ; since an assiduous repetition of 
 these lotions not only promotes a discharge from 
 the glands of the throat, which is probably of great 
 use, but retards the progress of the ulcers, by 
 washing off the putrefactive corroding virus, pre- 
 venting thereby a large train of very dangerous 
 .:}rnpLoms. — 
 
 In the- saine -cases 
 
 Fomenting the Throat by means of an Inverted 
 funnel,* "with, the Si earns issuing from a boiling 
 
 * Or bv Madge's inhaler. 
 
C^laSS r. ANTISEPTIC;^ l*Cj 
 
 Mixture of Plnegar, Myrrh, and Honey, is recom- 
 mended by 
 
 Wall, 
 
 Who says that this application can scarcely b"i 
 used too frequently, care being only taken .that 
 the steam be of a due degree of heat. ' He thinks 
 it much more efficacious than any gargarism or 
 injection. Besides this, it is also less offensive to 
 the taste, on which account young persons are not 
 so averse to its use; nay, oftentimes grow fond of 
 it, when they have experienced its good effects on 
 their throats. The steam is also very easily and 
 effectually applied to the affected parts ; whereas 
 it is sometimes difficult, if not impossible, for the 
 sick to use a gargle. In such cases, it is true, the 
 gargle ma}', as Dr. Fothergill directs, be injected 
 by means of a syringe ; but Dr. Wall considers 
 the vapour as the most efficacious application. 
 These steams are deemed to be further useful by 
 medicating the air which the patient inspires. 
 
 Fomentation with Wormwood and Chamomile. 
 
 Apply to the affected parts the Decoction for a Fomenta* 
 ♦ion, L. Ph. 
 
 Fomentation ivith Peruvian Bark and Muriated 
 
 Natron. 
 
 R. Cort. Cinchonae 5J. 
 
 Natr. muriat. (Muriat. Sodae, Ph. Ed.) ^ss« 
 Virii rubri ibij. 
 Coque per mediam horara. Fro fomento. 
 
 H.ARTMAtf> 
 
150 antiseptics. Class V. 
 
 Fomentation with Camphor and Ammonia* 
 
 R. Aquae Calcis foj. 
 
 Sp. Camphorat. (Tinct. Camph. ^h. Ed) $ij. 
 Aq. Aramon. (Aq. Carbon. Am. Ph. Ed.) Jss, M. 
 To be frequently applied, made warm> to the part affected. 
 
 HtlSTEK. 
 
 Hemlock Fomentation, 
 As under Narcotics. 
 
 Clyster with Peruvian Bark? 
 
 H. Pulv. Cinchon. subt. jj. 
 Lactis tepid, q. s. 
 Ut fiat Enema. 
 To be injected morning and evening, ort>ftener. for chil- 
 dren in the malignant smallpox, after previously unloading the 
 great guts by a laxative injection. 
 
 Alex, Monro, Sen. 
 
 As few children can be prevailed upon to take 
 the bark by the mouth in any form, there is, $s 
 this author has observed, often a necessity of using 
 it in this way. If the clysters are retained too 
 short a time, he recommends some syrup of pop- 
 pies to be added : but for this purpose, a few 
 drops of tincture of opium are a better addition; 
 and this mode of exhibiting the medicine is still 
 farther improved, by employing, as Dr. Lind re-r 
 commends, the extract instead of the powder, as 
 we shall have occasion to notice under the class of 
 Tpnics, where further remarks on the use of 
 
Class V. ANTISEPTICS. 351 
 
 these injections, will be introduced. In some 
 cases, the quantity of powder ordered in this pre- 
 scription, may be doubled. The proportion of 
 milk is not expressed ; but it should not exceed 
 three or four ounces, otherwise, it will be likely 
 to be returned too soon. 
 
 Perfasio Corporis Aqua frigida. 
 
 Ablution of the Body with CoW Water. 
 
 See Refrigerants. 
 
 Acid- Fumigation of the Apartments of the Sichi 
 viz. either with the Nitric Acid Vapour, after Dr. 
 Carmichael Smyth's method ; or with the Mu* 
 riatic Acid Vapour and Oxymuriatic Acid Vapour 3 
 after the manner of Guy ton Morveau. See Prac~ 
 tical Synopsis of the Mat. Med. Vol. II. pp. 64 
 and 68. Also Dr. Duncan's Ed. New Disp. pp 
 364-367. 
 
CLASS VI. 
 ASTRINGENTS. 
 
 Some eminent physicians, and particularly Dr. 
 Heberden, have doubted whether the internal 
 employment of astringents be of any service in 
 stopping haemorrhages, except those of the primae 
 viae : but from the well known power which many 
 of the medicines of this class possess, in prevent- 
 ing the recurrence of a paroxysm of intermittent 
 fever, very soon after they have been taken into 
 the stomach, and before it can be supposed they 
 have entered the circulation, Dr. Cullen is induced 
 to abide by the old and common opinion of their 
 use, seeing it not difficult to conceive, that -their 
 action may be communicated, by means of the 
 nervous system, from the stomach to the remotest 
 parts of the body. Many instances of internal 
 bleedings, that have ceased on the exhibition of 
 Astringents, incline us to look upon this explana- 
 tion of their action as just. 
 
 In general, the remedies of this class are em- 
 ployed with most success for restraining immode- 
 rate discharges from the natural outlets, and es- 
 pecially those of the alimentary canal ; but it is 
 p oper to notice, that there are some evacuations 
 of that kind, such as dysentery, in the early stages 
 
Class VL ASTRINGENTS. 153 
 
 of which they are manifestly hurtful. They 
 should, moreover, be administered with caution 
 in all evacuations that appear to be critical. It is 
 to be further remarked, that the long continued 
 use of these medicines is apt to bring on obstruc- 
 tions, which should be guarded against, by the 
 occasional interposition of proper evacuants. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Astringents, 
 
 Bistorta Polygonum Bistort a. 
 
 Bistort. 
 Campechianimi lignum. ..... Hgematoxyium Cam£cc.kianym, 
 
 Logwood. 
 Catechu Mimosa Catechu. 
 
 Catechu. (Terra japonica.) 
 Cinchona Cinchona officinalis. 
 
 Peruvian bark. 
 Granatum Punica Granatum. 
 
 Pomegranate. (Balaustines.) 
 Kino. 
 
 Kino. (Red astringent gum of Gambia.) 
 Quercus, et Gallae Quercus llobur. Quercus, Ccrrjs. 
 
 The Oak, and Gall nuts. 
 Rosa rubra. Rosa G allied, 
 
 The Red Rose. 
 
 Salix Salix alba. 
 
 -J rag i! is, Sec. 
 
 The Willow. — Several species. 
 Salvia Salvia officinalis. 
 
 Sage. 
 Sanguis Draconis Pterocarpus Draco ? 
 
 Dragon's blood. Calamus Draco ? 
 Draoena Draco? 
 
)54 ASTRINGENTS. Class VL 
 
 Tormentilla Tormentilla erccta. 
 
 TormentiL 
 
 Alum (argilla vitriolata.) Sulphas Aluminae, Ph. Ed.) 
 Alum. Sulphate of Alumina. 
 
 Supersulphas aluminae et potassae. 
 Supersulphate of alumina and 
 potass. 
 
 Cerussa acetata Acetis Pluinbi, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Acetated Cerusse. (Sugar of Lead.) Acetite of Lead. 
 
 Zincum vitriolatum. Sulphas Zinci, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Vitriolated Zinc. (White Vitriol.) Sulphate of Zinc. 
 
 Quaedam Absorbentia, et imprimis Creta, et Bolus gallicus. 
 
 Certain Absorbents, and especially Chalk, and French 
 bole. (Bolar Earth.) 
 Opium, et ejus praparata, 
 
 Opiates. 
 Tonica. 
 
 Tonics. 
 
 Powder with Oak Bark and Chamomile, 
 B, Pulv. Cort. Querc. 5jss. 
 
 Flor. Chamasmel. exskxat. 3j. 
 Tere simul in Pulverem. 
 To be taken every 2nd or Sd hour during the apyrexia. }u 
 sgu*s. 
 
 ClILJLEN.. 
 
 Powder of Willow Bark. 
 As under Tonics. 
 
 Powder with Alum and Kino, 
 Give of the Compound Powder of Sulphate of Alumina, Ed. 
 Ph. 15 grs. every Cnd or 3d hour. In haemorrhages from the 
 lungs and uterus. 
 
Class VI. ASTRINGENTS. 155 
 
 In these cases, alum (sulphate of alumina, Ph. 
 Ed. and snpersulphate of alumina and potass of 
 later chemists) is given by some practitioners in 
 much smaller doses, since in large quantities it ir- 
 ritates the stomach, so as to be rejected by vomit- 
 ing, and what, as Dr. Cullen observes, is more 
 extraordinary, so as to operate as a purgative. 
 His practice was to begin with five grains, increas- 
 ing the dose to a scruple, several times in a day. 
 But in very urgent cases, a scruple, or even half a 
 drachm, of this styptic powder may be given at 
 once. 
 
 Compound Poivder of Chalh, L. Ph. 
 
 Compound Poivder of Carbonate of Lime, Ed. Ph. 
 Dose of either ^ss. In diarrhoeas. 
 
 Compound Poivder of Chalk ivith Opium, L. Ph. 
 Pose, 3j. In the same cases. 
 
 Pills with Acetated Cerusse. 
 
 R. Cerussse acetat. (Acetitis Plumbi, Ph. Ed.) gr. ss. 
 Conserv. Ros. gr. iv. 
 Tinct. Opii gtt. ij. 
 M. F. Pilula. 
 To be taken every 4th hour. In hemorrhages from the lungs B 
 uterns, am} nose, 
 
 Reynolds. 
 
 The dose of the acetated cerusse (acetite of 
 ,Iead, Ed. Ph.) may be gradually increased to a 
 grain and a half; adding at the same time two or 
 
lot) ASTRINGENTS, Class FL 
 
 three drops more of the tincture of opium : and 
 to some patients a grain of this preparation of lead, 
 or even a grain and a half, may be given at first,; 
 but it is better to begin with the smaller quan- 
 tity, and to increase it afterwards according to its 
 effects. Contrary to what might be expected, it 
 did not disorder the bowels of any of those to 
 whom it was given ; though the use of it in some 
 of them was continued every six hours for the 
 space of a week. The patients were not observed 
 to be more costive, or, if costive, not more diffi- 
 cult to be purged, than those have been who have 
 taken other restringent medicines with opium. 
 
 Bolus with Alum and Extract of Peruvian Bark, 
 
 R. Alum. (Sulpbat. Alumina;, Ph. Ed.) 
 Extract. Cinchonas. 
 Myristicae nuc. ras. aa 3ss. 
 Syr. Simpl. q. s, 
 Ut fiat Bolus, 
 Suited to intermittent fevers. Gruner. 
 
 Boerhaave's astringent powder for agues, con- 
 sists of alum and nutmeg (in larger proportions 
 than in this prescription) with the addition of Ar- 
 menian bole. 
 
 Dr. Cullen observes, that though in some in- 
 stances he found this remedy prevent the coming 
 on of a paroxysm, yet the alum and nutmeg dis- 
 agreeing with the stomach, he did not repeat them, 
 having more agreeable and more certain medicines 
 at hand. Lewis, who has likewise copied this 
 
 7 
 
Class VI. ASTRINGENTS. 157 
 
 composition, remarks, that it may be taken twice 
 a day with success, in violent uterine haemor- 
 rhages, and other immoderate secretions. — On 
 the subject of alum, we may here take occasion to 
 remark that Dr. Percival has given it with success 
 in obstinate colics, in doses from 10 to 20 grains, 
 mixed with an equal proportion of sugar ; or, com- 
 bined with gum arabic or spermaceti (manna better) 
 or with opiate confection. Fifteen grains of alum, 
 given every 4th, 5th, or 6th hour, he found, for 
 the most part, to prove gently aperient; and when 
 the symptoms were not severe, the 2nd or 3d dose 
 seldom failed to mitigate the pain, and sometimes 
 entirely removed it. 
 
 Electuary ivitk Pomegranate Flowers and Bolar 
 Earth. 
 
 R. Conserv. Ros. 5j. 
 
 Flor. Granat. (Balaust.) ^ss. 
 Bol. Gallici 5J. 
 
 Kubig. Ferr. (Carbonat. Ferr. Ph. Ed.) dj. 
 Syr. Cort. aurant. q. s. 
 Ut fiatElectuarium. 
 Dose, the size of a cbesnut 3 or -i times a day. Varied from 
 
 Gaubius. 
 
 Electuary with Catechu and Opium. 
 
 Give of the Electuary of Catechu, Ed. Ph. the size of a nut- 
 meg every 4th or 6th hour. In alvine fluxes. 
 
 Electuary with Alum and Peruvian Bark. 
 H. Pulv. Cinchonas subt. £jss. 
 
 Alum. (Sulphat. Aluminae, Ph. Ed.) *ss. 
 Syr. Lirnon. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Electuarium. 
 
158 
 
 ASTRINGENTS, 
 
 i 
 
 Class VL 
 
 Dose, 
 
 the size of a walnul 
 
 : 3 times a 
 
 day. 
 
 In haemorrhages. 
 
 diabetes, 
 
 and rluor albus. 
 
 
 
 Ed. Hosr. 
 
 
 Linctus 
 
 with Kino* 
 
 
 E 
 
 '.. Kino 5J. 
 
 G. Arab. 5'iij. 
 Tere simul sensim 
 
 Syr. Papav. alb. 
 
 addendo 
 5> 
 
 
 
 Dose, 
 
 a tea spoonful occasionally. 
 
 For children trouble? 
 
 with obstinate purgings. V 
 
 aried from 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H.VRTMAN. 
 
 The distempers in which, according to Dr. Fo- 
 thergill, kino seems to promise advantage, are, 
 in particular, habitual diarrhoeas, fiuor albus, im- 
 moderate menstrual discharges ; and, in general, 
 all such diseases as proceed from laxity and acri- 
 mony. To many of these cases it becomes still 
 better adapted, by being combined with alum, as 
 in the Compound Powder of Sulphate of Alumina, 
 Ed. Ph.; a preparation which we have already 
 noticed, and which Dr. Cullen found to be one 
 of the most, powerful Astringents he ever em- 
 ployed. 
 
 Solution of Vilriolated Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinci vitr. (Sulphat. Zinci, Ph. Ed.) gr. xij. 
 Aq. Purse 51 ij 
 Solve. 
 Dose, 2 table spoonfuls 3 times a day. In intermittent*. 
 
 BLASrE.- 
 
 Obstinate agues, so common in the West Indies, 
 
Class VL ASTRINGENTS. 159 
 
 have yielded to this medicine, after the Peruvian 
 bark has failed. Calcined zinc, (oxydum Zinci, 
 Ph. Ed.) made into pills and given to the quantity 
 of two grains thrice a day, has likewise produced 
 the same good effects. In such moderate doses, 
 that preparation neither disorders the stomach nor 
 bowels; but if increased to three or four grains at 
 a time, it is apt to occasion sickness, and ruflle 
 the stomach. The vitriolated zinc, (Sulphas Zin- 
 ci, Ph. Ed.) however, being milder in its operation, 
 may be given, as in this solution, in larger doses, 
 without the inconveniences just now mentioned ; 
 and therefore it is to be preferred. The solution 
 may be made, in some cases, with 4 oz. of water to 
 \2 grs. of the Zinc. vitr. 
 
 Solution of Vitriolated Zinc and Alum. 
 As under Emetics. 
 
 Mixture ivith Extract of Log?vood. 
 
 R. Extr. H<ematoxyli (ex Spirit. Cinnamomi, 3jss 
 triti) 5'iij. 
 Aq. purae ^vij. 
 Tinct. Catechu $ij. 
 Mi see. 
 Dose, 2 spoonfuls once in 4 or 5 hours. In the advanced 
 stage of dysentery. 
 
 PRINGLE, 
 
 Who remarks that opiates are advantageously 
 given along with tins mixture, especially at bed 
 time ; and if 2 grains of ipecacuanha be joined 
 with the opiate, the effect is still better 
 
J GO ASTRINGENTS. Class FL 
 
 Mixture with Rose-Infusion and Tincture of 
 
 Opium, 
 R. Innis. Ros. ftj. 
 
 Tinct. Opii gtt. xij. M. 
 To be drunk at pleasure. Against spitting of blood. 
 
 Hugh Smith. 
 
 By adding, after the manner of Hartman gj 
 of catechu to this quantity of rose infusion unaci- 
 dulated, we obtain a useful medicine in cases of 
 dianricea, and likewise in the advanced stages of 
 clysentery. 
 
 Mixture with Peruvian Bark and Alum. 
 
 R. Extr. Cinchonae 3*3. 
 
 Alum. (Sulphat. Aluminas, Ph. Ed.) 3ij. 
 Aq. Cinnamom. |vij. 
 Syr. Cydonii 3J. M. 
 Two large spoonfuls to be taken every other hour. In the 
 malignant small pox, accompanied with petechiae and hsemor* 
 rhages. 
 
 Wall. 
 
 Instead of the syrup of quince, w r hich is seldom 
 kept in the shops rs^a'p" of the'black' currant, of 
 lemon juice, or of orange peel, may be employed; 
 and a few drops of tincture of opium will often 
 prove an useful addition. 
 
 Mixture with Tincture of Catechu, 
 
 R. Aq. Cinnam. Jvj. 
 Tinct. Catechu jj. 
 Muc. G. Arab. 5VJ. 
 Misce. 
 
CtaSS VI. ASTRINGENTS, l6l 
 
 Dose, three spoonfuls every four hours. Forty or fifty drops 
 of tincture of opium may be added occasionally. Varied .from 
 
 Do>"ald Monro. 
 
 In the original prescription there is no mucilage 
 of gum arabic, and the catechu, it is true, is 
 readily enough dissolved by the cinnamon water 
 without it ; but the mucilage coincides with the 
 general intention of the medicine, and is accord- 
 ingly thrown in as an auxiliary. 
 
 Infusion of. Catechu^ Ed. Ph. . 
 Dose, an ounce or an ounce and a half every 2d or 3d hour* 
 alone, or with the addition of an aromatic. 
 
 Alum Whey. 
 R. Lactis Vaccini bullientis Ibj. 
 
 Pulv. Aluminis (Sulphat. Alumina^ Ph\ Ed.) $ij 
 Ebulliant simul ut fiat coagulum, serumque coletur. 
 To be given by cupfuls. In diabetes, &c. 
 
 Disp. Fl7LD. 
 
 Decoction of Tormentil> Lew. D.. . 
 Dose, a tea cupful 4 or 5 times a day. 
 
 Decoction of Rose Petals and Pomegranate 
 Flowers, 
 
 R. Petalor. Ros. rubr. siccat. 
 Balaust. (Flpr. Granat.) 
 Cort. Malor. Granator. 
 — — ■ Cinnamom. aa jj. 
 Coquantur in Lact. Vaccini ftj. adjecta paulatirri in- 
 ter ^bulliendum 
 
 Aquae puraeftj. 
 Decoque donee lactis simul et aquae quod restat, librae 
 
 M 
 
162 ASTRINGENTS. Class VI, 
 
 unius mensuram adaequet. Turn colandus est liquor., 
 commisto saecharo. 
 Frequent draughts of this decoction to be given to the pa- 
 tient, who should take in the whole the above-mentioned 
 quantity (viz. a pint) every day. In the colliquative diarrhoea, 
 accompanying hectic fever. 
 
 Mead. 
 
 This, as its author remarks, is both a restrin- 
 gent and a nutritive medicine. But we doubt 
 whether a mixture of two parts of boiling milk, 
 (flavoured with cinnamon) and one part of lime- 
 water be not preferable. 
 
 Decoction of Peruvian Bark and Orchis-root, 
 
 R. Cort. Cinchonae contus. 5X. 
 Coque in Aqua per horam : Adde 
 
 Had. Orchidis (Salep.) 5J. 
 Coque per 4tam horae partem. Colaturae 3xiv. adde 
 Syr. Papav. errat. q. s. ad gratum saporem. 
 Dose, two large spoonfuls every hour, or every other hour. 
 In the advanced stage of dysentery. 
 
 QUARIX. 
 
 This prescription is faulty in as much as regards 
 the length and repetition of the boiling, whereby 
 the virtues of the bark are much impaired. In 
 other respects, the association of salep with the 
 Peruvian drug yields a form of medicine well 
 adapted to give relief in many kinds of alvine 
 fluxes: And, generally, in all those cases where the 
 bark runs off by the bowels too quickly, such mu- 
 cilaginous substances prove very useful additions; 
 
 7 
 
Class VI. ASTRINGENTS. 1 6'3 
 
 accordingly it Was the practice of Sir John Pringle 
 to join gum arabic with it when it had that effect. 
 An Opiate may often be added with advantage. 
 
 J^inons Infusion of Sage. 
 
 R. Fol. Sal viae rec. B ! j* 
 Aq. Purae. 
 Vin. rubri aa ^vij. 
 Digere lent calare vase clauso per diem, dein coque 
 paulisper, et cola. 
 Dose, an ounce and a half or 2 ounces, at bed time, l^i 
 nocturnal sweats, proceeding from debility. "Varied from 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 A simple infusion of the herb in hot water, 
 taken when cold, in the quantity of 2 or 3 ounces, 
 will in many cases be preferable. 
 
 Ointment with Calcined Zinc. 
 R. Zinci calcinat. (Oxyd. Zinci, Pb. Ed.) 3J. 
 Butyri recentis Jvj, 
 M. F. Unguentum. 
 Varied from the 
 
 Disp. Fuld. 
 
 In the original there are two parts of calcined 
 zinc (oxyd of zinc) to six of butter; but this is 
 too large a proportion. We have followed the ex- 
 ample of the Ed. Pharm. in taking only one part 
 of the oxyd to six of the greasy medium. 
 
 Ointment with Vitriolated Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinc. Vitr. (Sulphat. Ziflc. Ph. Ed.) 9j. 
 Butyr. rec. 31J. M. 
 M 2 
 
154 ASTRINGENTS. ClaSS FL 
 
 To be introduced, to the size of a pea, into the inner corner 
 of the eye. In catarrhal defluxions of the eye from relaxation. 
 
 Klein. 
 
 In the same cases, and in the same manner, may- 
 be prescribed the 
 
 Ointment of Tutty, L. Ph. 
 
 Ointment of Impure Oxyd of Zinc, Ed. Ph. 
 
 With this, and also with the two preceding oint- 
 ments, may be occasionally mixed a small propor- 
 tion of camphor, as is done in the Camphorated 
 Ointment of Tutty, Lew. D. 
 
 Ointment of Gallnuts. 
 
 R. Gallarum in pulv. trit. 5J. 
 Ung . adipis suillse 5J. M. 
 To be applied to the anus, in hemorrhoidal affections. 
 
 Culled 
 
 Fomentation with Oak Bark and Pomegranate. 
 
 R, Cort. Querc. 31J 
 
 Coque in Aq. pur. ibiv ad ftij, sub finem addendo 
 Cort., Granator. contus. 3j« 
 Flor.'Ros. rubr. 
 
 Granator. aa manip. ij. 
 
 I Dein adde . 
 
 Vini rubri ibss. 
 Colatura sit pro fotu. 
 To be applied, by means of flannel cloths, to the part a£ 
 iected two hours before getting up in the morning, and again 
 at night after going to bed, till the complaint is removed. In 
 
 the procidentia uteri. 
 
 Sydenham* 
 
Class VI. ASTRINGENTS. 105 
 
 This formula is too compound. The pome- 
 granate rind or flowers taken separately, in in- 
 creased proportions, would answer the end of 
 both ; and perhaps the virtues of the decoction 
 would not be much diminished if the rose leaves 
 were omitted. 
 
 Alum Collyrium. 
 R. Alum. (Sulphat. Aluminae, Ph. Ed.) gr. v. 
 Aquae ros. 3> 
 Solve. 
 
 ClJLLEX. 
 
 Collyrium with Vitriolated Zinc. 
 
 R. Zlnci vitr. (Sulphat. Zinci, Ph. Ed.) gr. xv. 
 
 Aq. purae ftss. 
 
 Solve. 
 
 . Donald Monro. 
 
 Collyrium with Acetated Cerusse. 
 R. Cerussae acetat. (Acetit. Plumbi, Ph. Ed.) gr. vj. 
 Aquae rosae 5VJ. 
 Mi see. 
 
 Varied from the 
 
 Disp. Fuld. 
 
 A small quantity of camphorated spirit some- 
 times proves an useful addition to these collyria. 
 
 Gargle of Infusion of Oak Bark and Alum. 
 
 R. Cort. Querc. contus. %]. 
 Aq. purae ifcss. 
 Decoque ad Ibj. Liquori colato adde 
 
 Alum. (Sulphat. Aluminae, Ph. Ed.) 5SS. 
 £p. Viti. gallici 5*1 j. M 
 
166 ASTRINGENT*. Class PI 
 
 Against relaxations and swellings of the uvula and tonsils, 
 to which some people are liable on slight applications of 
 
 cold. 
 
 Cvllex. 
 
 Rose Infusion, L. and Ed. Ph. 
 
 Used either alone or with the addition of a 
 small quantity of alum, this acidulated infusion of 
 rose-petals makes a pleasant and efficacious gargle 
 in cases of sore throat. 
 
 Clyster with Pomegranate and Catechu. 
 R. Cort. Granator. ^ss. 
 Ros. rubr. pugill. ij. 
 Coque in Lact. Vaccin. q. s. In colaturae fcss. solve 
 
 Elect. Catechu, Ph. Ed. |ss. 
 M. F. Enema. 
 In the diarrhoeas which occur in continued fevers. With 
 the substitution of the electuary of catechu for an equal quantity 
 of diascordium, this prescription is from 
 
 Sydenham, 
 
 Clyster of Lime Water and Catechu. 
 
 R. Aquas Calcis %x. 
 
 Elect. Catechu. Ph. Ed. 3ss. 
 M. pro Enemate. 
 One half to be injected at a time. See 
 
 Lewis's Disp. 
 
 In the same cases may be used the 
 Starch Clyster, Lew. D. 
 
 The Elect. Catechu in the two first clysters 
 contains some opium, which is an useful addition 
 
Class VI. ASTRINGENTS. \6j 
 
 to all astringent enemata. To that of starch should 
 be added a due proportion of tincture of opium. 
 
 Injection with Vitriolated Zinc, 
 
 R. Zinci vitr. (Sulphat. Zinci, Ph. Ed.) 3SS. 
 Aquae purae 5xvi. 
 Solve, pro Injectione. 
 To be used in gonorrhoea. 
 
 To these injections may be occasionally added a 
 little gum arabic and opium. Ten or twelve drops 
 of water of acetated litharge to half a pint of the 
 injection, are also recommended as an useful addi- 
 tion in some cases. 
 
 Of all astringent injections which he has used in 
 gonorrhoeas, Mr. Bell has found none prove so 
 powerful as vitriolated zinc (Sulphate of Zinc, Ed. 
 Ph.) dissolved in water. In the quantity of a 
 grain and a half to an ounce of water, it seldom 
 creates much irritation, and does not often fail in 
 the first stage of gonorrhoea, in which alone (he 
 is of opinion) injections of any kind prove ma- 
 terially useful. 
 
 Injection with Acetated Cerusse. 
 
 R. Cerussae acetat. (Acetit. Plumbi, Ph. Ed.) 
 Gum. Arab, aa 5J. 
 Aq. Rosae ifess. 
 M. F. Injectio. 
 To be used in the same cases. With the omission of a 
 drachm of calomel (which contributes nothing to the efficacy 
 of the injection.) This is from 
 
 Fox's Form, 
 
3 68 ASTRINGENTS. Class VL 
 
 Injections, as Mr. John Hunter observes, being 
 only temporary applications, it becomes necessary 
 to use them often, especially in cases where they 
 are found to be of service; they should therefore 
 be applied as often as convenient, perhaps every 
 hour. But this must be regulated by the effects 
 of the injection ; for if it prove irritating, it will 
 not be proper to use it so often, as it may be pro- 
 ductive of bad consequences. The same author 
 further observes, that astringent injections, like 
 this, should for the most part be used towards the 
 end of the disease, when it has become mild, and 
 the parts begin to itch: But this should be accords 
 ing to circumstances; and if the disease begin 
 mildly, they may be used at the very beginning ; 
 for by gradually lessening the discharge without 
 increasing the inflammation, the cure is completed, 
 and the continuation of the discharge, called gleet, 
 is prevented. It is still further to be remarked, 
 however, that if injections of this kind are made 
 too strong, they have an irritating quality, which 
 in some measure destroys their astringency, and 
 instead of lessening, makes them increase the 
 discharge. It is in this way that they sometimes 
 do great harm, causing the inflammation to spread, 
 and thereby inducing swellings of the testicles, 
 suppressions of urine, and abscesses in the peri- 
 nseum. For these reasons, a good deal of caution 
 is required in the use of them ; and it will often 
 ]be. proper to employ a smaller proportion of t\\$ 
 
ClaSS VI. ASTRINGENTS. 1&Q 
 
 metallic salt than is set down in the prescription 
 above. Thus, for very irritable subjects, a scruple 
 of the acctated cerusse (Acetite of Lead, Ed. Ph.) 
 to the same quantity of the distilled water will be 
 found suiiicient. 
 
 In the first stage of gonorrhoea, says Mr. Bell, 
 injections of the astringent kind may be used with 
 safety and advantage, from the very commence- 
 ment of the discharge, as well as at any period of 
 jthe disease, whatever the degree of inflammation 
 may be. Instead of increasing the inflammation, 
 they tend, when of a proper strength, to lessen it; 
 they relieve more immediately than any other re- 
 medy, the ardor urinae ; and they commonly lessen 
 or remove the discharge in a very short space of 
 time. There is only one symptom which, in this 
 Stage of clap, precludes their immediate use, viz. 
 pain and swelling of one or both testicles; during 
 the continuance of this symptom, they commonly 
 *do harm, and therefore ought not to be advised ; 
 for by stopping the discharge from the urethra, 
 they deprive us of one of the most effectual reme- 
 dies for a swelled testicle. 
 
 Mr. Bell coincides with Mr. J. Hunter respect- 
 ing the frequent application of injections, viz. 
 seven, eight, or ten times a day; by which the 
 cure, instead of being protracted for several weeks> 
 is often completed in as many days. 
 
 On laying aside injections, even after the run- 
 ning has entirely disappeared, and when therefore 
 
170 ASTKINGENTS. Class VI. 
 
 a cure is supposed to be obtained, the discharge 
 often returns with equal severity as at first, either 
 from excess in wine, or over exertion in bodily 
 exercise. In such circumstances the injections 
 must be again employed, and used with as much 
 frequency as before, care being taken not to leave 
 them off till some time after the running has again 
 disappeared. 
 
 Epithem with Variolated Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinci vitr. (Sulphat. Zinci, Ph. Ed.) 5ss. 
 Aq. purae 5Jss. 
 Solve. 
 Tents or pledgets dipped in this solution, are to be put up 
 the nostrils. In bleedings from the nose. 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 Epithem of Cold Water. 
 Dip folded cloths in cold water, in which some .nitrated kali 
 has been dissolved, and apply them often in the course of the 
 day to the nape and both sides of the neck. In the same cases 
 as the last. 
 
 Sydenham. 
 
 Epithem of Decoction of Peruvian Bark. 
 Steep a calltco shirt in a strong decoction of Peruvian bark, 
 and after it is well dried, let it be put upon the patient, and 
 be renewed daily. Against colliquative sweats, in phthisis 
 pulmonalis. 
 
 Percival. 
 
CLASS VII 
 TONICS. 
 
 Under this class are comprehended medicines 
 which arc suited to counteract, debility, or in 
 other words to give strength and energy to the 
 moving fibres. 
 
 Enumeration of ike principal Tonics, 
 Absinthium Artemisia absinth, et mmtiima. 
 
 Wormwood. 
 Angustura. 
 
 Angustura bark. 
 Arnica Arnica montana. 
 
 Leopard's bane. 
 Aurantii Cortex Citrus mLmMhaa* 
 
 Orange peel. 
 Cascarilla Clutia Eluteri'a. 
 
 Cascarilla. 
 Chamoemelum Antbemis iiobilis. 
 
 Chamomile. 
 Cinchona Cinchona officinalis. 
 
 Peruvian bark. 
 Columba. 
 
 Columbo root. 
 Gentiana Gentiana lutea. 
 
 Gentian. 
 Lichen islandicus Lichen ishunlku.', 
 
 Iceland Liverwort. 
 Myrrha. 
 
 JVIvrrh. 
 
172 tonics. Class F1L 
 
 Quassia Quassia excelsa. 
 
 Quassy. 
 Quercus Quercus Robur. 
 
 The Oak. 
 Salix Salix, alba, fragilis, kc. 
 
 The Willow. — Various species. 
 Swietenia Swietenia febrif'uga. 
 
 Febrifuge Swietenia. 
 Simarouba Quassia Simaruba.. 
 
 Simarouba. 
 Tanacetum Tanacetum vulgare. 
 
 Tansy. 
 Trifolium paludosum Menyanthes trifoliate. 
 
 Marsh trefoil. 
 Zedoaria Kaempferia rotunda. 
 
 Zedoary, 
 Vinum rubrum Portugallicum. 
 
 Red Port Wine. 
 
 Acidum muriaticum. 
 
 Muriatic Acid. 
 Acidum vitriolicum Acidum sulpkuricum, Ph. Ed, 
 
 Vitriolic acid. 
 Acidum nitricum. 
 
 Nitric acid, 
 Arsenicum Qxydum Arsenici, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Arsenic. Oxyd of arsenic. 
 
 Alumen Sulphas aluminae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Alum. Sulphate of alumina. 
 
 Supersulphas aluminae et potassae. 
 
 Supersulphate of alumina and potass. 
 
 Cuprum vitriolatum Sulphas Cupri, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Vitriolated Copper (Blue Vitriol.) Sulphate of Cop- 
 per. 
 
 Cuprum ammoniacum Amfnoniaretum Cupri, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Ammoniacal Copper. Ammoniaret of Copper. 
 
Class VII. TONICS: 173 
 
 Ferrum et ejus prseparata. 
 
 Iron and its preparations. 
 Zincum vitriolatum Sulphas Zinci, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Vitriolated Zinc. (White Vitriol.) Sulphate of Zinc. 
 Zincum calcinatum Oxydum Zinci Ph. Ed. 
 
 Calcined Zinc. (Flowers of Zinc.) Oxyd of Zinc. 
 
 Aquae minerales ferrum continentes. 
 Chalybeate mineral waters. 
 
 Gas oxygenium. 
 
 Oxygen gas. 
 Aer ruris. 
 
 Country Air. 
 Aer marinus. 
 
 Sea breezes. 
 
 Lavatio frigida. 
 
 Cold bathing. 
 Equitatio. 
 
 Riding on Horseback. 
 
 Diaeta lactea. 
 
 Milk Diet. 
 Astringentia, 
 
 Astringents. 
 
 Of all Tonics the Peruvian bark is that which 
 is the most extensively and the most successfully 
 employed. Thus, it is the grand remedy in inter- 
 mitting and remitting fevers, concerning its ad- 
 ministration in which we shall make some remarks 
 farther on. Nor is it less serviceable in the con- 
 valescent state after all fevers. In the same 
 manner, it is ef great use in various painful and 
 
174 tonics. Class Vll. 
 
 periodical complaints, such as head-achs, hys- 
 terical, rheumatic, and gouty affections ; in many 
 convulsive disorders, such as epilepsy, St. Vitus's 
 dance, &c. as will be more particularly noticed un- 
 der the class of Antispasmodics ; in most cachec- 
 tic diseases, such as dropsy, scurvy, scrophula, and 
 rickets : and lastly, it is given with advantage in 
 cases of old ulcers, to produce good matter, and 
 bring on a healing disposition. 
 
 Great as the benefit derived from the cinchona 
 is, in the cases above-mentioned, it is certain, on 
 the other hand, that much mischief is frequently 
 occasioned by the too early administration of it in 
 continued fevers, especially of such as are accom- 
 panied with a bilious condition of the prima? via?. 
 In such fevers it should never be prescribed untii 
 the stomach and bowels shall have been duly 
 cleansed, the stricture and dryness of the skin, 
 with the preternatural degree of heat and thirst, &c. 
 removed. And, even then, the simply bitter ve- 
 getables, such as the quassia and chamomile ; or 
 the bitter mucilaginous drugs, such as myrrh and 
 columbo, will be preferable. See Practical Synop- 
 sis, Vol. II. pp. 102-104. 
 
 Powder of Peruvian Bark, 
 
 Give of finely pulverised Cinchona one drachm, every 2 
 hours, in the intervals between the fits, in a draught of milk, 
 washing the mouth afterwards with some of the same liquid, 
 In ague*. 
 
 Lind. 
 
Class VIL tonics. 175 
 
 Larger doses, such as a drachm and a half, or 
 even two drachms, may be ordered every hour, in 
 urgent cases, and where from the kind of inter- 
 mittent, such as quotidians and double tertians, 
 the intervals between the fits are short. The sto- 
 mach, in this respect, is the best guide ; and as 
 much as it will bear may, in general, be given 
 with propriety : for as Torti, and others, have in- 
 culcated, the larger the dose, and the quicker the 
 repetitions of it, the greater is the power of the 
 medicine in stopping the paroxysms, and the less 
 of it is found to be taken in the end. Whereas 
 it has been observed, that when given in small 
 doses, and at long intervals, though the sum of 
 the whole quantity taken has been much more 
 considerable, yet it has not produced the desired 
 effect. 
 
 The whole quantity necessary for putting a stop 
 to the fits, varies according to the kind of inter- 
 mittent, to the season of the year in which it hap- 
 pens, to the period of the disease in which the 
 remedy is applied, and to the quality of the remedy 
 itself, the powder being not always equally good. 
 In general, however, less than two ounces seldom 
 suffices, and more is often required. For cover- 
 ing the taste of it, to which some people have an 
 almost invincible dislike, sweet mucilaginous liquids 
 are generally employed. Lewis recommends the 
 infusion of liquorice root; but for this purpose 
 we have found, with Dr. Lind, milk to answer 
 
176 tonic s.> Class VlL 
 
 best. The powder must be swallowed imme- 
 diately after it is mixed with it, otherwise the 
 flavour of the bark will be imparted to the milk. — 
 Others direct the powder to be mixed up with 
 cold coffee, sweetened with sugar. This not only- 
 covers the taste, but moreover causes the bark 
 to sit easier on the stomach. 
 
 It is now generally agreed amongst those that 
 have had most experience in such kinds of fevers, 
 that the earlier the bark is given in intermittents, 
 the better. Accordingly the present improved 
 practice does not admit of losing time, as was for- 
 merly done, in the employment of a course of 
 preparatory medicines, and in waiting till the 
 disease has gone through several, periods : all the 
 preparation which is now judged necessary, is to 
 cleanse the first passages by an emetic and purge, 
 and then recourse is immediately had to the Pe- 
 ruvian febrifuge; or, at most, if there should be 
 a redundancy of bile, with appearances of obstruc- 
 tion in the liver, small doses of calomel are used, 
 and sometimes continued so as to excite a gentle 
 salivation : but where the patients are very weak, 
 and the fits are very violent, as often happens in 
 the hot climates, neither the yellowi ess of the 
 skin, nor an obstructed liver, should intimidate 
 the practitioner from immediately prescribing the 
 bark; since, as Dr. Cleghorn has judiciously re- 
 marked, this medicine is even undei such circum- 
 stances of the greatest use, as it averts sudden 
 
Class VII. tonics. 177 
 
 death, and gains time to join with it other means 
 towards compleating a cure; and, upon the 
 whole, he ventures to affirm, that more bad con- 
 sequences ensue from giving it too late than too 
 soon. On these occasions, where the general state- 
 of the patient will not allow of administering eva- 
 cuants by themselves ; and yet where some particu- 
 lar symptoms indicate their use, they may be 
 given in conjunction with the bark, of which sort 
 of formulae several examples will be noticed far- 
 ther on. 
 
 Although, in very urgent cases, some prac- 
 titioners have ventured to administer the bark 
 whilst the fever has been present ; yet they all 
 agree' that the proper time for giving it, is during 
 the intermission. They are not, however, equally 
 agreed, whether it is best to throw it in imme- 
 diately at the end of the hot fit, or just before the 
 expected coming on of the next cold fit. Dr. 
 Cullen, seeing that the effects of this medicine 
 on the human body are not very durable, directs, 
 after the manner of the Roman Schedule, the ex- 
 hibition of it in large doses as near as possible to 
 the, times of accession ; and such, too, was in 
 many instances the practice of Torti. Some late 
 writers on army and navy diseases, have produced 
 strong testimonies in support of this mode of prac- 
 tice, asserting that in this method one half Jess of 
 the cinchona is required for the cure of inter- 
 mittent? than is required by the other methods,—- 
 
 N 
 
17* tonics. Class V1L 
 
 Other physicians, on the contrary, such as Mor- 
 ton formerly, and Werlhof latterly, have found it 
 generally answer best to employ it immediately as 
 the hot fit goes off, persisting in its use during the 
 whole time of intermission, and until the cold fit 
 comes on. This was the way also in which the 
 celebrated empyric Talbor used to administer the 
 bark. By this method a larger quantity of the 
 drug may be thrown into the body, and thus the 
 recurrence of the paroxysms, and especially a re- 
 lapse, seems to be more effectually* prevented. 
 Which soever method is adopted, it will gene- 
 rally be proper to continue the medicine (but in 
 smaller doses, and with longer intervals of repe- 
 tition) for some time after the removal of the fits,, 
 in order to prevent a relapse. To make it sit easy 
 on the stomach, and to prevent it from passing 
 off too quickly by stool, it is often necessary to 
 join aromatics and opiates with it, which last (viz. 
 opiates) seem in many cases (as will be more parti- 
 cularly noticed under Narcotics) to contribute not 
 a little to the successful operation of the cinchona. 
 The preceding observations apply not only to 
 the pale or quilled Peruvian bark, but also to the 
 red, ydlow, * and other varieties. The powder and 
 other preparations of this drug are given in com- 
 bination with various auxiliaries, as will appear 
 fom the following examples. 
 
 * The red and -yellow being stronger, smaller doses suffice. 
 The c t. Lucia bark is not employed as a tonic, as itfrequentlj 
 occasions sickness and purging. 
 
Class Fll. tonics. lyy 
 
 Powder with Peruvian Bark and J r itriolatcd Mag- 
 nesia* 
 
 R. Pulv\ Cinchon. subt. ^ss. 
 
 Magn. vitr. (Sulphat. Magn. Ph. Ed.) jvj. 
 Tere in Pulv. et divide in iv partes aequales. 
 One to be taken every two hours. In intermittents, when 
 the patient is strong enough to bear purging. 
 
 Cleohorx. 
 
 The effect of this medicine, as its author re-* 
 marks, is, that the next fit is mitigated, and an 
 intermission commonly ensues, in which the bark 
 without the purgative must be repeated to finish 
 the cure. 
 
 Where from a redundancy of bile or obstruc- 
 tions of the viscera, a loose state of the bowels is 
 required during the use of the bark, the associa- 
 tion of this neutral salt, or of muriated ammonia 
 with it, is found to be useful. Crystals of tartar 
 may be united with it in the same manner. But 
 in consequence of the commendations bestowed 
 upon it by Boerhaave, the muriated ammonia is 
 preferred for this purpose by many practitioners, 
 and especially by those who live on the Continent. 
 Mead used to add to the bark with this intention, 
 a little rhubarb ; so as to procure, as long as it 
 seemed necessary, a couple of stools, at least, 
 every day. In some cases, it is found better to 
 join some of the warmer cathartics, and especially 
 the aloetic, with it; such as the Powder with 
 
 N 2 
 
180 tonics. Class Vlh 
 
 Aloes and Canella, L. Ph. which may be mixed 
 \vith the Peruvian drug, in the proportion of about 
 a couple of drachms to an ounce. It is proper, 
 however, to remark, as Rosenstein has done, that 
 these cathartic admixtures should not be used too 
 freely, as the bark of itself is apt to purge ; and 
 on no occasions should this evacuating method of 
 giving this remedy be followed up long, since it 
 otherwise only serves to weaken the patient, and 
 to rob the Peruvian antidote of its due effect. 
 
 Powder with Peruvian bark and Cloves. 
 
 R. Pulv. Cinchonas 
 
 Cryst. Tart. (Supertartrit. Potassae, Ph. Ed ) aa g. 
 Caryophyll. aromat. in pulv. trit. num.xxx. M* 
 Dose, a drachm and a half every 3d hour. 
 
 PETItlE. 
 
 This, says Dr. Petrie, in a letter to Sir G. Baker, 
 is what is called the Dutch remedy for an ague. 
 In the hospital at Lincoln, several patients were 
 cured by it of those obstinate intermittents that 
 prevailed so much in the year 1781 ; in which, 
 however, like all the other remedies then tried, it 
 also frequently failed. 
 
 Powder with' Peruvian Bark and Cascarilla* 
 
 R. Pulv.*Cinchon. gr. xxv. 
 Pulv. Cascarill* 'Sts. M. 
 To be taken twice a day. In weakness of the stomach. 
 With varied proportions, this is from 
 
 Haetman, 
 
Class VII. tonics. 131 
 
 In the commentaries of the Academy of Sciences 
 at Bologna, there are some observations which 
 shew the advantage of such a combination of the 
 bark in the cure of remitting and intermitting 
 fevers ; and Dr. Bang of Copenhagen remarks, 
 that when too great a looseness happens in the 
 last mentioned cases, during the use of the Peru- 
 vian bark, it may be subdued by joining cafscarilla 
 with it ; but in a smaller quantity than that above 
 stated, viz. in the proportion of an eighth part 
 only. For this purpose, however, we should pre- 
 fer a few drops of laudanum. 
 
 Powder with Peruvian Bark and Vitriolated Zinc. 
 
 R. Pulv. Cinchonae 5J. 
 
 Zinc. Vitr. (Sulphat, Zinci, Ph. Ed.) gr. ss. M. 
 To be taken every third hour. In intermittents. 
 
 Fox's Form. 
 
 Powder of Willow bark. 
 Give of pulverised willow bark 3ij every four hours, be- 
 tween the fits of agues. 
 
 Sto.ve. 
 
 The bark of the salix alba, salix fragilis and 
 other species, may be given in larger doses, such 
 as a drachm for the cure of intermittents, where 
 the cinchona is not to be procured, or is found 
 too expensive. It appears to be as good a substi- 
 tute for the Peruvian druo: as anv with which we 
 are acquainted. See Practical Synopsis, Vol. IT. 
 p. 12C). 
 
18$ tonics. Class Vlh 
 
 Powder of Angustura Bark. 
 
 Give of Powdered Angustura bark, fifteen grains three 
 times a day, or oftener. 
 
 This bark> which has but very lately been im- 
 ported into this country, and which takes its name 
 from the place in South America whence the Spa- 
 niards bring it, has been prescribed with great 
 success by some British practitioners in the West 
 Indies, in all those cases in which we are accus- 
 tomed to employ the Peruvian bark, over which 
 it has these advantages, that a smaller quantity of 
 it will produce the same effect, that it does not 
 cause that disagreeable sense of weight and ful- 
 ness in the stomach, which the other so fre- 
 quently occasions ; and that it does not induce 
 costiveness, but, on the contrary, keeps the belly 
 gently open. 
 
 Soon after this account was sent over, it was 
 tried in London ; and from some observations that 
 l^ave been published by Mr. Brande, it appears to 
 be a powerful and promising remedy in those dis- 
 orders, especially when a warm and penetrating 
 tonic is required: accordingly it has been given 
 with such great success in diarrhoeas, that it is 
 almost considered as a specific in those cases. The 
 dose, in substance, is from ten to twenty grains. 
 Jn larger quantities it does not seem to agree, or 
 indeed to act, so well. Moderate doses sit easy 
 orj the stomach, and give rather a grateful sen* 
 
Class V1L tonics. 183 
 
 sation of warmth. Jt has been remarked, how- 
 ever, that in one or two instances of delicate 
 habits, twenty grains of the powder have produced 
 some nausea. If the form of a decoction be pre- 
 ferred, it may be prepared by boiling three or four 
 drachms of the bark in a pint of water. The 
 dose of the decoction is two or three large 
 spoonfuls. 
 
 Powder of Cohnnbo Root. 
 
 Give of Powdered Columbo root, one scruple, every three 
 or four hours in pepper mint water. In diarrhoeas. 
 
 Percival. 
 
 Twice, or even thrice, as much may be given 
 for a dose in urgent eases ; and in bilious fevers 
 an equal quantity of vitriolated kali (sulphate of 
 potass, Ed. Ph.) may be combined with it. The 
 disorders in which this root has been found pe- 
 culiarly useful, are cholera morbus, diarrhoea, 
 bilious colic, bilious fevers, languor of the sto- 
 mach, habitual vomiting, and that kind of nausea 
 and vomiting which are occasioned by pregnancy. 
 Dr. Percival adds, that as his experiments shew 
 that the Columbo root does not belong to the class 
 of heating bitters ; it may be used with propriety 
 and advantage in phthisis pulmonalis, and in hec- 
 tical cases, to correct acrimony and strengthen 
 the organs of digestion. It does not, like the 
 Peruvian bark, prove oppressive to the stomach, 
 or excite a diarrhoea in the last mentioned disor- 
 7 
 
134 toxics. Class V1L 
 
 ders ; but agrees very well with a milk diet, as it 
 abates flatulency, and is indisposed to acidity. 
 This remedy has been employed with equal suc- 
 cess, in bilious cases, by some French practi- 
 tioners ; and latterly by other British physicians 
 besides Dr. Percival. See Practical Synopsis, Vol. 
 II. p. 114. 
 
 Powder of Ammoniacal Iron. 
 Give of Ammoniacal iron (muriate of Amnion, and Iron, Ed. 
 Ph.) five grains, in a convenient vehicle every day for a fort- 
 night, interposing every fourth day an equal dose of rhubarb. 
 The patient to go without medicine the next fortnight, and 
 then to resume the same course again : and so on alternately 
 till a cure or amendment takes place. In rickets. 
 
 Zeviani. 
 
 Or he mixes the ammoniacal iron (muriate of 
 ammonia and iron, Ed. Ph.) and rhubarb together, 
 as in the following prescription : 
 
 Powder of Ammoniacal Iron and Rhubarb. 
 R. Ferr. Ammoii. (Mur. Am. et Ferri, Ph. E4.) gr. v% 
 Pulv. Rhabarbari gr. ij. M. 
 
 2/EVIANI. 
 
 This author condemns a milk diet in these cases. 
 He thinks that this medicine owes its efficacy 
 more to the ammoniacal salt than to the iron; 
 an opinion in which few, we presume, will be dis- 
 posed to join. 
 
 In other respects, the remedy itself, long since 
 recommended by Boyle, undoubtedly possesses 
 
Class VII. TONICS. J 85 
 
 considerable efficacy ; and as a similar method of 
 treatment has been adopted, in such cases, with 
 the greatest success by Dr. Strack, a physician in 
 Germany, there is every encouragement for giving 
 k a general trial. The last mentioned author di- 
 rects an equal quantity of iron-filings, in place of 
 the ammoniacal iron, to be rubbed together with 
 as much rhubarb, and ten grains of sugar, and 
 given morning and evening ; or only once a day, 
 if it should happen to occasion too much loose- 
 ness. 
 
 Poivder with Chamomile and Myrrh, 
 
 R. Flor. Chamoemeli 
 Myrrhse aa3j. 
 
 Kali prseparat. (Carbonat. Potass. Ph. Ed.) 3ss. M. 
 To be given every 6'th hour. With the omission of a little 
 alum, this is after the manner of 
 
 Mead. 
 
 Baglivy and Morton both gave chamomile 
 flowers with great success in intermittents ; the 
 last-mentioned physician joined the alkaline salt 
 with them as in the above prescription. These 
 ingredients, in a less proportion, thrown into the 
 form of a draught, by neutralising the kali, and 
 afterwards diluting it sufficiently, were employed, 
 as Sir G. Baker relates, -with great advantage, 
 where the bark was nauseated, in many cases of 
 the obstinate agues of 1781 and 1782 ; and it was 
 observable, he adds, that stomachs which had be- 
 
3 86 tonics. Class Fit 
 
 fore rejected the bark, were well reconciled to it 
 after the use of this medicine for a few days. 
 Where much reliance, however, is placed upon 
 the myrrh for the cure of these fevers, it must be 
 prescribed in considerably larger doses. Dr. Do- 
 nald Monro informs us, that Dr. Armstrong or- 
 dered a drachm of it in powder, to prevent the fit 
 of an intermittent ; and Dr. Heberden, by giving 
 as much as two drachms of the same gum -resin 
 just before the time of the expected fit, entirely 
 relieved a patient from an ague, which for a long 
 time had resisted the power of the bark, though 
 taken in very large quantities. 
 
 Pills of Ammoniaret of Copper, Ed, Pk, 
 
 Dose, one twice a day at first, increasing the dose after- 
 wards to three or four, or as many as the stomach will bear. 
 In epileptic cases. After 
 
 CULLEN, 
 
 By whom this medicine was first introduced 
 into the practice of this country. It was for- 
 merly called cuprum ammoniacum, and is now 
 denominated Ammoniaretum Cupri ; concerning 
 the chemical composition of which, see the re- 
 marks inserted in Dr. Duncan's Edinburgh New 
 Dispensatory, p. 442. Dr. Cullen considered 
 this combination of copper as a milder prepara- 
 tion than the combination of it with an acid. 
 The dose, he says, is at first half a grain twice a 
 day, increasing the same by degrees- to what the 
 
Class VII. tonics. 187 
 
 stomach will bear. He found it commonly more 
 manageable than vitriolated copper (sulphate of 
 copper) and in many instances he carried the 
 dose to five grains, and in some still further. la 
 many instances it proved a cure of epilepsy ; but 
 in many others it entirely failed. When, in the 
 course of a month, it shewed no good effects, he 
 desisted from its further use, suspecting that large 
 quantities of copper introduced, may, like lead^ 
 prove hurtful to the body ; and, therefore, in 
 cases of periodical epilepsy, after giving the me- 
 dicine constantly during one interval, if the 
 disease still continued, he afterwards gave it only 
 for some days before an expected accession ; and 
 in this manner he had success. The ammoniaret 
 of copper has been likewise administered with 
 great advantage in a case of dysphagia, and in 
 several instances of chorea. 
 
 Pills with Calcined Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinci calcinat. (Oxyd. Zinci, Ph. Ed.) 3ij. 
 Conserv. Cynosb. q. s. 
 Ut fiant Pilulae. xxiv. 
 Pose, 1 or 2 night and morning, 
 
 Ph. Gene v. 
 
 In the employment of this metallic oxyd, (for- 
 merly called flores zinci) it would appear that the 
 physicians on the Continent have been more suc- 
 cessful than those of our own country. Accord- 
 ing to their reports, the calcined zinc is not only 
 
1S8 tonics. Class VIL 
 
 serviceable in epilepsy, but likewise in several 
 other spasmodic disorders ; such as hysteria, 
 chorea, hooping-cough. Amongst our own prac- 
 titioners, Dr. Percival recommends its use in con- 
 sumptions, asthma, and other affections of the 
 lungs. The ordinary dose is from one to ten or 
 twelve grains; though Dr. Donald Monro says 
 that he has seen this oxyd often given to the 
 quantity of twenty, and even thirty grains. Dr. 
 Cullen relates that, in remote parts of Scotland, 
 where the flores zinci were not to be had, he fre- 
 quently prescribed the vitriolum album, (sulphate 
 of zinc, Ed. Ph.) and in some cases with as good 
 effect. He observes in another part of his work, 
 that camphor may be combined with the oxyd of 
 zinc to great advantage. Dr. Odier, of Geneva, 
 found it useful to administer this oxyd in conjunc- 
 tion with the ammoniated copper (ammoniaret of 
 copper) of the preceding prescription. From 
 what Messrs. Hellot and Meglin have observed, 
 and from what happened to a patient who took 
 this medicine under the care of Dr. Percival (who 
 suspects that it sometimes contains a mixture of 
 arsenic, which indeed does enter into some of the 
 blende ores) it is at least doubtful whether it has 
 not some deleterious quality ; and therefore we 
 should be cautious of employing it for much 
 length of time, or in large doses. For very 
 young subjects, Dr. Gaubius's method of giving 
 this medicine in the form of a powder 3 by direct- 
 
Class FIT. tonics. 18g 
 
 ing it to be triturated with a lump of sugar, may 
 be the most convenient. 
 
 Pills with Steel Filings, 
 R. Limatur. Ferri gr. viij. 
 Extr. Chamcemel. q. s, 
 Ut riant Pilulae iij. 
 To be taken early in the morning, and repeated at five o'clock 
 in the afternoon, for thirty days, with a draught of some bitter 
 wine or infusion after them. In hysteria and hypochondriasis. 
 With the substitution of extract of chamomile for the extract 
 of wormwood, which is not now kept in the shops, this pre- 
 scription is from 
 
 Sydenham. 
 
 The rust of iron (carbonas ferri, Ph. Ed.) is now 
 generally preferred to the filings. The dose of 
 either is the same. Of the former, Dr. Cullen ob- 
 serves, that he has always found the stomach bear 
 it better than any other preparation of this metal. 
 He used to begin with five grains, increasing the 
 dose afterwards to as much as the stomach would 
 easily bear. He has been told that it has been 
 given to the amount of six drachms a day ; but in 
 his own practice he hardly ever found any patient 
 that could bear the third part of that quantity 
 without much sickness. He thinks the stomach 
 bears it better when joined with an aromatic. As 
 neither this nor the filings can be made up readily 
 into pills, it will be better in general to throw 
 them, as indeed the author of the Processus Inte- 
 gri suggests, into the form of a bolus; or what 
 will be still more convenient, that of an electuary. 
 
190 tonics. Class Vlt 
 
 Pills with Extract of Peruvian Bark and Vitriolated 
 
 Iron. 
 
 R. Extr. Cinchonas dur. 5J. 
 
 Ferr. Vitr. (Sulphat. Ferri, Ph. Ed.) 3ss* 
 Ol. Cinnamom. gtt. v» 
 Bals. Per. q. s. 
 Ut fiant Pilule xx. 
 One or 2 to be taken twice a day. In states of debility. 
 
 Lewis, 
 
 Werlhof has a more simple formula of this 
 kind; viz. the vitriolated iron (sulphate of iron* 
 Ed. Ph) made into pills with extract of wormwood. 
 In this way he gave the chalybeate salt to the 
 quantity of six grains in a morning and ten grains 
 at night. 
 
 Pills with Vitriolated Copper. 
 R. Cupri vitr. (Sulphat. Cupri, Ph. Ed.) gr. iv, 
 Extr. Cinchonae gr. xxxij. 
 Syr. Commun. q. s. 
 Ut iiant Pilulae xvi. 
 One to be taken four times a day. In obstinate intermit* 
 
 tents. 
 
 Donald Monro. 
 
 The vitriolated copper (sulphate of copper, Ed. 
 Ph.) and extract should be well triturated together, 
 that the former maybe minutely divided and equally 
 intermixed with the extract, so that each pill may 
 contain a quarter of a grain of the metallic salt. 
 Dr. Monro prescribed these pills in the spring of 
 
Class VII. tonics. igi 
 
 1785, very successfully to some patients labouring 
 under obstinate intermittens, which had resisted 
 the free use of the Peruvian bark, bitters, and 
 other medicines. On first taking these pills, the 
 patients generally experienced some sickness ; but 
 after a day or two, this effect ceased. Where the 
 patients are low, he thinks it might be of advan- 
 tage to give along witli vitriolated copper, 10 or 
 12, grs. or more of the cinchona extract, together 
 with a little ginger, or some other aromatic. Not- 
 withstanding the above-mentioned instances of 
 the successful employment of this preparation of 
 copper, Dr. M. prudently subjoins that their use 
 ought to be confined to obstinate cases of agues, 
 and that they ought always to be administered 
 with the greatest caution ; as there are so many 
 well-vouched instances of dangerous symptoms 
 having been produced in people who have eaten 
 victuals impregnated with verdigris, from being 
 dressed in copper vessels. We would add, that 
 where white vitriol (sulphate of zinc, Ed. Ph.) 
 can be procured, it should at all times supersede 
 the employment of the blue vitriol, or sulphate 
 of copper. 
 
 Pills tvith Extract of Gentian and Aloes. 
 R. Extr. Gentiarue 5J. 
 
 Cinchonae ^ss. 
 
 Pulv. Aloetic. 3ij. 
 Tinct. Aloes q. s. 
 \Jt fiant Pilulse xxh\ 
 
XQ2, tonics. Class V1L 
 
 Tliree to be taken twice a day, about an hour before meals. 
 
 Varied from 
 
 Lewis. 
 
 Bolus with Ammoniacal Iron. 
 R. Ferr. Amnion. (Muriat. Amm. et Ferri, Ph. Ed.) 
 Ammon. Muriat. (Muriat. Amm. Ph. Ed) aa 
 
 gr- viij. 
 
 Rubig. Ferr. (Carbonat. Ferri, Ph. Ed.) gr. iij. 
 Ex.tr. Gentianae 3ss. 
 Svr. Commun. vel Muc. G. Ar. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 To be taken twice a day. In agues. With the omission of 
 4 grs. of myrrh, and with a proportionate augmentation of the 
 quantity of extract of gentian, this is from 
 
 Lind. 
 
 Bolus with Chamomile and Alum* 
 
 R. Fior. Chamoemeli $ss. 
 
 Alum. (Sulphat. Aluminas, Ph. Ed.) 
 Myrrhae aa gr. v. 
 Syr. Aurant. Cort. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 To be taken thrice a day. In agues. 
 
 St. Tiios. Host. 
 
 Bolus with Alum and Extract of Peruvian Bark. 
 As under Astringents. 
 
 Electuary with Conserve of Wormwood. 
 
 R. Conserv. Absinth. 5J. 
 
 Canellae alb. in pulv. trit. ^ss. 
 Syr. Aurant. Cort. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Electuarium. 
 Dose, the size of o nutmeg thrice a day. Varied from 
 
 Hartman. 
 
Class VIL tonics. )y3 
 
 Electuary with Peruvian Bark and Chamomile. 
 R. Pulv. Cinchonas subt. 
 Flor. Chamaemel. aa 3j« 
 Pulv. Zingib. 3ij. 
 Syr. Zingib. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Electuarium. 
 Dose, about a drachm, or the size of a nutmeg, thrice a 
 day. In convalescency from acute diseases. 
 
 Blane, 
 
 Who remarks that three drachms of the rust 
 of iron (carbonate of iron, Ed. Ph.) may be oc- 
 casionally added. Hoffman's favourite electuary is 
 pretty much the same as this, but with the ingre- 
 dients in different proportions. 
 
 Electuary with Peruvian Bark and Muriated Am- 
 monia, 
 
 R. Pulv. Cinchonas subt. 3J. 
 
 Amraon. muriat. (Muriat. Ammon. Ph. Ed.) 5J. 
 Syr. Cort. Aurant. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Electuarium. 
 In bilious., remitting, and intermitting fevers. 
 
 Pringle, 
 
 Who remarks that a drachm of rhubarb may 
 be added, if the state of the bowels requires it. 
 
 Electuary with Peruvian Bark and Ammoniacal 
 
 Iron. 
 
 R. Pulv. Cinchonae subt. 3j. 
 Extract. Gentianae 
 Feri". Amra. (Muriat. Aram, et Ferr. Ph. Ed.) aa 5J. 
 
 o 
 
1Q4 tonics* Class VIL 
 
 Oxymel. Scillae. 
 Syr. Aurant. Cort. aa 3J. 
 M. F. Electuarium. 
 Dose, 2 drachms (or a tea spoonful) every 3 hoars. In 
 dropsies, accompanied with lurking intermittent fever. See 
 
 Quaiun. 
 
 Electuary with Peruvian Bark and Snakeroot. 
 
 R. Pulv. Cinchonse subt. £yj. 
 
 Serpentar. Virginianae 51J. 
 
 Syr. Cort. Aurant. q. s. 
 
 Ut fiat Electuarium. 
 
 Dose, one drachm morning and evening. In epileptic and 
 
 hysterical disorders. With the substitution of the above syrup 
 
 for that of peony, which is no longer kept in the shops, this 
 
 is from 
 
 Fuller. 
 
 A double quantity of this electuary, viz. two 
 drachms, may be given for a dose, in most cases. 
 
 Electuary with Peruvian Bark and Sassafras, 
 R. Pulv. Cinchonae subt. 5JSS. 
 Pulv. Sassafras. ^ss. 
 Syr. Simpl. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Electuarium. 
 Dose the quantity of a large nutmeg twice a day. In leprous 
 
 and scorbutic cases. 
 
 T. Heeeuden. 
 
 Draught with Decoction of Peruvian Bark and 
 Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum. 
 B. Decoct. Cinchonas $ij. 
 
 Tinct. Guaiac. Ph. L. (Tinct. Guaiac. Ammoniat. 
 
 Ph. Ed.) 
 Syr. Croci aa 5J. M. 
 
Class VII. TONICS. 2Q5 
 
 To be taken every 6 or 8 hours. In chronic rheuma- 
 tism. 
 
 Hugh Smith. 
 
 Some mucilage should be added to make the 
 guaiacum tincture mix properly with the decoc- 
 tion. 
 
 Draught with Tincture of Peruvian Bark and 
 Citrated Kali. 
 R. Succ. Limon. rec. ^ss. 
 
 Kali praep. (CarboUat. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 3j. 
 Aq. Cinnamon. 3j. 
 Tinct. Cinchon. 5ij. 
 Syr. Aurant. Cort. 5J. M. 
 To be taken every 6 hours* 
 
 Fox's Form. 
 
 Draught with Peruvian Bark and Tincture of 
 Myrrh. 
 R. Pulv. Cinchon. sub. 5J. 
 Aq. Cinnamom. §ij. 
 Tinct. Myrrhae 5J. M. 
 
 LlND. 
 
 Draught with Infusion of Gentian and Wine of 
 Iron. 
 
 R. Infus. Gentianae c. 3JSS. 
 Vin. Ferri5ij. 
 Sp. Lavend. c. 5J. 
 M. F. Haustus. 
 To be taken at 11 in the morning and 5 in the afternoon. 
 In loss of appetite from debility of the stomach. With a re- 
 4uced proportion of the vinum ferri, this is from 
 
 Hugh Smith. 
 O 2 
 
}q6 tonics. Class VIL 
 
 Draught with Myrrh and Iron. 
 
 R. Myrrhae 3j. 
 
 Kali praep. (Carbonat Potassae, Ph. Ed.) gr. xv. 
 Ferr. Vitr. (Sulphat. Ferri, Ph, Ed.) gr. vij. 
 Aq. Cinnamom* 3jss. M. 
 In hectic and hysterical cases. After the manner of 
 
 Griffith. 
 
 From considering this prescription, it is evident, 
 says Dr. Donald Monro, that it consists of myrrh 
 joined to vitriolated kali (sulphate of potass, Ed. 
 Ph.) and some calx (oxyd) of iron; for the kali 
 (potass) unites with the vitriolic acid (sulphuric 
 acid, Ed. Ph ) of the vitriolated iron, (sulphate of 
 iron, Ed. Ph.) and precipitates the iron. It would 
 be a more elegant method, he adds, of prescribing 
 this medicine, to order so much vitriolated kali, 
 (sulphate of potass) and so much rubigo or lima- 
 tura ferri, in place of the vitriolated iron (sulphate 
 of iron) and kali (potass). Dr. Percivai relates 
 the case of a young lady, affected with pulmonic 
 complaints which threatened a phthisis, whom he 
 cured by the use of myrrh without the chalybeate. 
 He gave it in the dose of twelve grains, every six 
 hours, dissolved in a saline effervescing draught. 
 
 Solution of Vitriolated Zinc. 
 As under Asteingents. 
 
 Infusion of Peruvian Bark. 
 R. Pulv. Cinchonae subt. |j. 
 
Class VI L tonics. 1£7 
 
 Aquae purae ^viij. 
 Macera sine calorc per xij horas, et cola. 
 Dose, '2 or 3 ounces. 
 
 Lewis. 
 
 Both in his Dispensatory, and in his Experi- 
 mental History, the time of maceration first as- 
 signed by this author, was twenty-four hours ; 
 but later experiments, as he observes in a note 
 afterwards, shewed that it might be diminished to 
 twelve hours, and even still further reduced, with- 
 out any injury to the medicine: For, a mixture of 
 one part of bark and eight of water, being filtered 
 after standing for one hour, the liquor appeared, 
 from every test, to be very nearly, if not fully, as 
 strong as those which had stood two, four, eight, 
 twelve, twenty- four hours. By doubling the 
 proportion of bark and making use of agitation, 
 or what is perhaps still better, trituration, a strong 
 infusion may be obtained in a very few minutes. 
 But this last method of preparing the medicine, 
 is by much too expensive for general use ; and 
 occasions a waste of the drug, which need not be 
 incurred where time can be allowed. It may be 
 noticed here, however, for the benefit of apothe- 
 caries, that the powder which remains after these 
 macerations, still retains, as Dr. Percival has re- 
 marked, a considerable degree of strength, and 
 may afterwards be applied to other useful purposes. 
 Instead of common water, lime water, or water 
 impregnated with the carbonic acid gas (fixed air) 
 
3Q8 tonics. Class VIL 
 
 may be employed with great advantage for extract- 
 ing, by cold infusion, the virtues of the bark. 
 The latter especially seems to make it sit easier 
 on the stomach, and to contribute at the same 
 time to its tonic operation. 
 
 Infusion of Buck-bean. 
 Make an infusion of the dried leaves of Buck-bean (Meny- 
 anthes trifoliata) and drink it in the same manner as tea. 
 
 Cullest, 
 
 Who says that this plant does not lose its 
 strength, as some have given out, by drying. 
 Besides its use in those cases in which other bit- 
 ters are employed, this author informs us, that 
 he met with several instances of its good effects 
 in some cutaneous diseases, of the herpetic or 
 seemingly cancerous kind. Haller relates that 
 Boerhaave derived considerable advantage from it 
 in arthritis ; in several cases of which the juice of 
 the fresh herb, to the amount of eight or ten 
 ounces a day, has been since given, with good 
 effect, by Dr. Aasheim of Copenhagen. As a 
 still further recommendation of the buck-bean, 
 we may add, that Bergius experienced surprising 
 benefits from it, in the form of an infusion, as 
 above prescribed, not only in the last mentioned 
 complaint, but likewise in autumnal fevers and 
 asthma. 
 
 Infusion of Tansy. 
 Made and used in the same manner. 
 
Class VII. tonics. 199 
 
 This last infusion lias been recommended taken 
 warm or cold (but chiefly cold, as in that state 
 larger quantities of it are retained on the stomach) 
 in arthritic rases. It is proper to remark, how- 
 ever, that the mischievous consequences which 
 have been brought on by the Portland powder, 
 should make us cautious of giving bitters in large 
 quantities, or for much length of time in this 
 disorder. In other respects, this plant has been 
 more commonly employed to destroy worms; with 
 which intention it has been much noticed by 
 Rosenstein. 
 
 Infusion of Quassy* 
 
 R. Bad. Quahsue ras. £J. 
 Aq. ferventis tbj. 
 Macera leni calore per horam, dein cola. 
 Dose, 2 table spoonfuls several times a day, in intermitting 
 fevers, arthritis, &c. 
 
 LlX tf JEUS. 
 
 Dr. Murray thinks the maceration should be 
 continued longer; and adds, that in his own prac- 
 tice he generally gives three or four times the 
 quantity here prescribed; doses, which Linnaeus 
 himself is willing to allow in some cases. On 
 these authorities, and more especially on the au- 
 thority of M. Severi, who says that this vegetable 
 neither disorders the stomach nor bowel-, though 
 taken very freely, we would recommend the in- 
 fusion to be made with at least a double propor- 
 tion of the root. Quassia is one of the purest 
 vegetable bitters, having nothing irritating or sti- 
 
200 tonics. Class VII. 
 
 mulant in its action, and on this account being 
 preferable in many cases to the aromatic bitters. 
 It has been administered with considerable suc- 
 cess in several acute diseases, chiefly of a bilious 
 nature, in the West Indies and South America, 
 from whence it is brought to us. It has been 
 tried also, with the like advantage, in the same 
 cases, and in many chronic disorders besides, in 
 several parts of Europe, and particularly in Swe- 
 den ; where, according to Bergius, it has long 
 since become a standing remedy of the shops. It 
 seems to be chiefly efficacious in debilities of the 
 stomach and intestinal canal, in nervous com- 
 plaints, and in some painful affections that recur 
 periodically, such as head-ach and gout. Of its 
 use in the last of these cases, especially when of 
 the irregular or atonic kind, Linnaeus, Sandifort, 
 Bergius, and Thorstensen, bear strong testimony. 
 Among our own practitioners, Dr. Donald Monro 
 has frequently ordered with good effects, both the 
 powder and infusion of this root, in fevers ; and 
 has likewise found it to be a good stomachic bitter 
 in many cases: And Dr. Lettsom recommends it 
 strongly, from his own successful trials, in cases 
 of hysteria, nervous debility, dyspepsia from hard 
 drinking, and habitual diarrhoea. He prescribes 
 it infused in boiling water, as above; but with the 
 addition of a small quantity of vitriolated zinc, 
 (sulphate of zinc, Ed. Ph.) and some testaceous 
 powder: A form which we consider as rather un- 
 chemical. 
 
Class VII. tonics. 201 
 
 Infusion of Chamomile and Orange Peel. 
 
 R. Flor. Chamoemel. 5J. 
 Cort. Aurant. 3SS. 
 Aq. frigidae ftiij. 
 Macera per xxiv horas. 
 Dose, a tea cupful or more twice or thrice a day. 
 
 Pkrcival. 
 
 Chamomile flowers, says this author, have their 
 bitterness very perfectly extracted by cold macera- 
 tion, and in this way are much more grateful than 
 when infused in boiling water. Prescribed as 
 above, they make a light, cheap, and agreeable 
 stomachic medicine. In some cases a couple of 
 drachms of the Peruvian bark in line powder, may 
 be added to this infusion. 
 
 Compound Infusion of Gentian, L. and Ed. Ph. 
 
 Dose, three or four table spoonfuls, either alone or com- 
 bined with spirituous and acid admixtures. 
 
 Decoction of Peruvian Bark, L. and Ed. PL 
 To be given by itself, or with the addition of an ounce and 
 a half or two ounces of its own tincture to a pint, in the doses 
 of a tea cupful. In the same cases as the powder and draught. 
 
 Decoction of Simarouba. 
 R. Cort. Simarub. 5ij. 
 
 Docoque ex Aq. purae 3*xiv ad 5XJJ et cola. 
 This is to be divided into three equal parts, and the whole 
 taken in twenty- four hours. In the same cases as the powder. 
 
 Wjugiit. 
 
 3 
 
202 tonics. Class V1L 
 
 When the stomach is reconciled to it, says this 
 author, three drachms may be boiled in the same 
 quantity of water, and taken as above-mentioned. 
 Some join aromatics to this decoction ; others give 
 a few drops of laudanum with each dose. It is to 
 be drunk daily till the disorder is cured, which 
 sometimes happens in a few days, and at other 
 times it may require weeks to perfect a cure. Dr. 
 Wright sets down the above stated proportion as 
 the best: And though it is not near so much as 
 that prescribed by Dr. Lind, yet is this preparation 
 stronger than that directed by Jussieu, and con- 
 siderably stronger than that employed by Dr. Gar- 
 den, of South Carolina. This last practitioner, 
 according to Dr. Blane's account, after having 
 almost abandoned this medicine, in consequence 
 of its failure when he gave it in strong decoctions, 
 and in substance, succeeded with it afterwards by- 
 using it in a very weak decoction, a scruple only- 
 being boiled in a pint of water down to half a 
 pint. 
 
 This bark is improper in the beginning of fluxes, 
 and should only be employed in their advanced 
 stages. From its efficacy in restraining the im- 
 moderate discharges in dysentery, menorrhagia, 
 and leucorrhfea (in which two last cases it has 
 been administered with success in the Charitv 
 Hospital at Paris) it has been generally ranked 
 amongst the Astringents; to which, however, the 
 
Class VIL tonics. 203 
 
 chemical experiments of Bergius and Murray show 
 that it does not properly belong. 
 
 Decoction of Iceland Liver-wort. 
 As under Demulcents. 
 
 Vinous Infusion of Peruvian Bark. 
 
 R. Pulv. Cinchona subt. §j. 
 
 Vini rubri Portugallici ftj. 
 
 Macera sine calore per aliquot dies, vitro clauso et 
 
 saepius agitato j dein cola. 
 
 With the substitution of Port wine for the red wine of Al- 
 
 lace. this is after the manner of the 
 
 Disp. Fuld. 
 
 Talbor's celebrated infusion of the Peruvian 
 bark was, as Dr. Percival has remarked, made 
 with red Port wine ; and Sydenham has a similar 
 infusion made with Rhenish wine. 
 
 Vinous Infusion of TFormivood. 
 
 R. Herbae Absinthii manip. j. 
 Cort. Aurant. hisp, 51J. 
 Vini alb. hisp. fbij. 
 Macera et cola. 
 Dose, a wine glassful occasionally. In debilities of the 
 stomach, and in convalescency from intermittent fevers. 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 Some of the light austere wines are preferable to 
 the Spanish white wine for the preparation of such 
 infusions.— What Hartman directs is the Austrian 
 wine, which is something like the Rhenish, but 
 more austere. The tops of wormwood are the 
 
 4 
 
204 tonics. Class VII. 
 
 part generally used ; but Dr. Cullen found that 
 the leaves afford the strongest bitter. 
 
 Vinous Infusion of Aloes. 
 
 Give a tea spoonful of the Wine of Aloes, L. Ph. in a 
 draught of cold chamomile tea, an hour or two before and 
 after dinner. In the same manner may be taken from one 
 to two tea spoonfuls of the Vinous Infusion of Rhubarb, 
 i. e. the 
 
 Wine of Rhubarb , L. Ph. and 
 Tincture of Rhubarb with Gentian, Ed. Ph. 
 
 Tincture of Peruvian Bark, L. and Ed. Ph. 
 
 Two tea spoonfuls or more in a glass of water, to be taken 
 once or twice a day. In the same manner, and in the doses of 
 one, two, or three tea spoonfuls, may be given the 
 
 Compound Tincture of Bark, L. Ph. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Gentian, L. and Ed. Ph. 
 
 Tincture of Columbo, L. and Ed. Ph. 
 
 Tincture of Cascarilla, L. Ph. 
 
 Drops with Acidulated Tincture of Aloes. 
 
 R. Tinct. Alois comp. 3J. 
 
 Acid. Vitriol, dilut. (Acid, sulphurici dilut. Ph. 
 Ed.) 3ss. M. 
 Dose, twenty drops twice a day, in a glass of water. Va- 
 ried from 
 
 Lucas. 
 
Class VII. tonics. 205 
 
 Drops with Acidulated Tincture of Peruvian Bark, 
 
 R. Tinct. Cinchon 51J. 
 
 Elix. Vitriol. Mynsicht. 3ss. M. 
 Eighty or a hundred drops to be taken twice a day in a 
 draught of Spa water. 
 
 Fox's Form. 
 
 Fuller has long since remarked, that a mixture 
 of the vitriolic acid with spirit of cinnamon, in the 
 proportion of a drachm of the former to an ounce 
 of the latter, with the addition of a little oil of 
 cloves, affords a medicine which performs all that 
 can be expected from the operose elixir of Myn- 
 sicht. 
 
 Drops with Acidulated Tincture of Gentian. 
 R. Tinct. Gentianae comp. 5vij. 
 
 Acid. Vitr. dilut. (Acid, sulphurici dilut. Ph. 
 Ed.) 5 j. M. 
 Eighty or a 100 drops, or a tea spoonful, to be taken twice 
 or thrice a day, in a glass of red wine and water. Varied from 
 
 Hugh Smith. 
 
 The proportion of acid may be doubled in some 
 cases. 
 
 Drops ivith Muriated Iron. 
 Give of the Tincture of Muriated Iron, L. Ph. from twenty 
 to sixty or eighty drops twice or thrice a day, in a glass of 
 water, or in cold chamomile tea, or decoction of Peru- 
 vian bark. 
 
 Epithem of Penman Bark. 
 Quilt three or four ounces (according to the size of the pa- 
 
206 tonics. Class VII, 
 
 tient) of finely pulverized Peruvian bark, within the folds of a 
 double linen waistcoat, which is to be worn, night and day, 
 next the skin. For children that cannot be made to take thi* 
 drug by the mouth. See 
 
 Pye. 
 
 Besides this, and the application of caliico shirts 
 dipped in a decoction of the Peruvian bark (as 
 mentioned under Astringents) there are yet two 
 other ways of using this medicine externally, viz. 
 the powder after boiling it down in water to a sort 
 of paste, may be applied to the region of the sto- 
 mach, in the form of cataplasm, to be moistened 
 with some of its own decoction as often as it gets 
 dry ; or lastly, the decoction may be employed as 
 a bath or semicupium. 
 
 Clyster with Extract of Peruvian Bark. 
 R. Extr. Cinchonse 5SS. 
 
 Solve coquendo in Aq. purse 5'iv. dein add® 
 Ol. Oliv. 5ss. 
 Tinct. Opii gtt. x. 
 M. F. Enema. 
 To be thrown up every fourth hour. In agues. 
 
 Lind. 
 
 When the bark, says this author, is entirely nau- 
 seated, from a weakness of the stomach, or from 
 an aversion of the patient to the taste of the me- 
 dicine, it will be proper to give it in clysters ; in 
 which form he has found it as efficacious as when 
 given by the mouth. Its use, in this way, should 
 be premised by a cathartic clyster. The extract, 
 
Class VII. tonics. 207 
 
 he further remarks, has been administered in 
 clysters to the quantity of six ounces, to patients 
 who could not have received half an ounce of the 
 bark in any other form ; and many have been 
 cured by clysters, after large quantities of the bark 
 had been unsuccessfully taken by the mouth ; it 
 being in this way that the largest quantities of 
 bark can be administered. It might be an im- 
 provement in this prescription, to diffuse the ex- 
 tract in hot water by trituration, without any boil- 
 ing ; a process which seems to weaken the me- 
 dicine bv dissipating its more volatile parts. 
 Where the extract shall be found too expensive, 
 a couple of drachms of the powder may be em- 
 ployed in its place, with the addition of some of 
 its own decoction, instead of common water. 
 
 Other practitioners have given the bark in this 
 manner with the best effect ; but with a larger 
 proportion of tincture of opium, and with the 
 further addition of some thin starch-gelly, by 
 which means the clysters were longer retained, 
 See Clarke on the Yellow Fever. 
 
CLASS VIII. 
 STIMULANTS. 
 
 Medicines which rouse and support the languid 
 or drooping powers of life, are denominated Sti- 
 mulants. They are also termed Cordials. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Stimulants. 
 Ammonia et ejus praeparata. 
 
 Vol. Alkali and its preparations. 
 Sal et Liquor Volatilis C. C. 
 
 Salt and Vol. Liquor of Hartshorn. 
 Cantharis Meloe vesicatorius. 
 
 Spanish fly. 
 Moschus Moschus moschiftrus* 
 
 Musk. 
 
 Allium Allium sativum. 
 
 . Garlick. 
 Ariisum Pimpinella Anisum. 
 
 Aniseed. 
 Arnica Arnica montana, 
 
 Leopard's-bane. 
 Arum Arum maculatum. 
 
 Arum. 
 Assafcetida Ferula Assafcetida. 
 
 Assafcetida. 
 Balsamum copaiva Copaifera officinalis 
 
 Balsam of copaiva* 
 Balsamum peruvianum Myroxylon peruifcrum. 
 
 Balsam of Peru. 
 
Class Fill. STIMULANTS. 209 
 
 Balsamum tolutanum Toluifera Bahamum. 
 
 Balsam of Tolu. 
 Canella alba. 
 
 Canella alba. 
 Cardamomum Amomum repens. 
 
 Cardamom. Amomum Cardamomum. 
 
 Caruon Carum Carui. 
 
 Carraway. 
 Caryophylla arom Eugenia Caryophyllata. 
 
 Cloves. Caryophyllus aromaticus, 
 
 Cascarilla Clutia Eleuteria. 
 
 Cascarilla. Croton Eleuteria. 
 Cinnamomum Laurus Cinnamomum. 
 
 Cinnamon. 
 Galbanum Bubon Galbanum. 
 
 Galbanum. 
 Guaiacum Guaiacum officinale. 
 
 Guaiacum. 
 Mentha piperitis Mentha piperita, 
 
 Peppermint. 
 Mezereum Daphne Mezereum. 
 
 Mezereon. 
 Nux moschata Myristica moschata. 
 
 Nutmeg. 
 Opium Papaver somnifeium. 
 
 Opium. 
 Opopanax Pastinaca Opopanax. 
 
 Opopanax. 
 Pimento Myrtus Pimento. 
 
 Pimento. 
 Piper indicum Capsicum annuum 
 
 Red Pepper. Cayenne Pepper. 
 Piper longum Piper longum. 
 
 Long Pepper. 
 Piper nigrum Piper nigrum. 
 
 Black and White Pepper. 
 P 
 
210 STIMULANTS. CktSS VI IT. 
 
 Raphanus rusticanus Cochlearia Armoracia 
 
 Horse radish. 
 Serpentaria Aristolochia Serpent aria. 
 
 Virginian Snake root. 
 Sinapi Sinapis nigra. 
 
 Mustard. 
 Terebinthina Pinus syltestris. 
 
 Turpentine Pinus Larix, &c. 
 Valeriana Valeriana ujiciuulis. 
 
 Valerian. 
 Zedoaria Kaempferit rotunda. 
 
 Zedoary. Amomura Zedoaria. 
 Zingiber Amomum Zingiber. 
 
 Ginger. 
 
 iEther vitriolicus iEther sulphuricus, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Vitriolic sether. Sulphuric iEther. 
 
 Vinuni et Alkohol. 
 
 Wine and Alkohol. 
 Ferrum et ejus prseparata. 
 
 Iron and its preparations. 
 Balneum calidum. 
 
 The Hot Bath. 
 Balneum Vaporis. 
 
 Vapor Bath. 
 Thermae Bathonicse et Buxtonienseg-. 
 
 Bath and Buxton Waters. 
 Electrisatio et Galvanisatio. 
 
 Electricity and Galvanism. 
 
 Gas oxygenium. 
 Oxygen gas. 
 
 Diaphoretica 
 
 Diaphoretics. 
 Tonica. 
 
 Tonics. 
 
ClaSS Fill. STIMULANTS. 211 
 
 Powder with Cayenne Pepper and Bayberries. 
 R. Semin. Capsici gr. vj. 
 Bacc. Laur. 3ij. 
 M. F. Pulvis in iij partes aequales dividendus. 
 One portion to be taken immediately as the cold fit comes 
 on; the 2nd portion to be taken at the same time the next 
 day j and the third, the third day. In obstinate agues. 
 
 Beiigius. 
 
 It is the seeds not the capsule that this author 
 directs in the above prescription. The Capsicum 
 or Cayenne pepper has likewise been given with 
 the best effect in the advanced stage of the yellow 
 fever, even after the black vomiting has come on, 
 by some West-India practitioners. They direct 
 it to be given in the form of pills with mucilage, 
 each pill containing 3 grains of the pulverised 
 capsicum, to be repeated every 2 or 3 hours. 
 These pills should be well coated with dough or 
 white wafer ; othenvise the fiery sensation which 
 the pepper excites in the throat, will make it 
 difficult to persuade the patient to swallow a se- 
 cond dose. Some practitioners add opium to 
 these pills. It is further to be remarked that the 
 Cayenne pepper has been found to be an excel- 
 lent remedy in the malignant ulcerated sore throat, 
 taken internally and used also as a gargle. In 
 these cases it has been prescribed in the form of 
 an infusion, two tea spoonfuls of the pepper being 
 added to half a pint of warm vinegar and the same 
 quantity of boiling water. When it has stood for 
 
 p 2 
 
21^ STIMULANTS. ClttSS FILL 
 
 about an hour, the liquor is strained through a 
 fine cloth, and two table spoonfuls are given every 
 half hour. 
 
 Poivder with Arum and Car r away, 
 
 R. Had. Ari recenter exsiccat. 3J. 
 Sem. Carui 3SS. 
 Magn. alb. 5ij. M. 
 Dose, a tea spoonful in a morning. In indigestion with a 
 weak and slimy condition of the stomach ; and in rheumatic 
 and gouty constitutions. Altered from 
 
 Kicolai* 
 
 A powder somewhat like this, which is after 
 the manner of Quercetanus and Birkmann, used 
 to have a place in our pharmacopoeias, under the 
 title of the Compound Powder of Arum. If the 
 exsiccation of the root be properly managed, and 
 the powder be afterwards carefully kept from the 
 air, the medicine in this form, which is sometimes 
 more convenient than that of a conserve or elec- 
 tuary, is not without considerable activity: But if 
 these precautions be neglected, as they too often 
 are, the arum in this state is rendered inert ; and 
 therefore the conserve is the preparation most to 
 be depended upon. 
 
 In some obstinate head-achs, depending, as he 
 supposed, upon a certain bilious condition of the 
 alimentary canal, Bergius found the root of this 
 plant, rubbed together with an Vqual quantity of 
 vitriolated kali (sulphate of potass, Ed. Ph.) and 
 half as much rhubarb, of singular service. So 
 
Class VllL STIMULANTS. 21 3 
 
 combined, however, it seems to have hardly any 
 other effect than that of a cathartic. 
 
 Powder with Ginger and Oil of Aniseed 
 R. Sacch. purificat. 5J. 
 Ol. Anisi gtt. ij, 
 Simul tritis adde 
 Myrrhae 3j. 
 Pulv. Zingib. 3ss. 
 M. F. Pulvis, 
 To be taken twice a day. In debilities of the stomach, with 
 
 Joss of appetite. 
 
 Hartman. 
 
 Powder of Arnica. 
 
 Give of the powdered root of Arnica or Leopard's-bane ^ss 
 
 for a dose, to be repeated every 2 or 3 hours. In typhoid 
 
 ^bilious fevers, 
 
 Stoll. 
 
 Powder with Arnica and Cascarilla. 
 
 R. Pulv. Rad, Arnicas 5ij. 
 
 . Cascarillae 3iv. 
 
 M. et divide in vj vel viij partes aequales. 
 One to be taken every three or four hours, along with some 
 mucilaginous decoction. In the same cases, and in the ad- 
 vanced stages of dysentery. With an equal quantity of cas- 
 carilla in place of the Winter's bark, this prescription is from 
 
 Collin. 
 
 Repeated trials made in the Vienna hospital 
 have established beyond dispute, the cordial and 
 alexipharmic virtues of this root. Stoll has em- 
 phatically called it the Cinchona of the Poor. 
 Certain it is that, in his experiments, and in those 
 
214 STIMULANTS. Class Fill. 
 
 made by Collin, it operated like the Peruvian bark, 
 in the sinking and exhausted stages of bilious fever 
 and dysentery, raising the pulse, resisting putre- 
 faction, and restraining the alvine discharge. In 
 cases of great urgency, it may be given to the quan- 
 tity of a drachm at a time, repeated every other 
 hour. It promises to be a useful and cheap re- 
 medy for civil and military hospitals. For further 
 observations on this subject, see Electuary, Infu- 
 sion, and Decoction of Arnica. 
 
 Poivder with Cinnamon and Long Pepper. 
 
 Give of the Aromatic Powder,, L. Ph. 10 or 12 grs. for a 
 dose. 
 
 Poivder ivith Cinnamon and Ginger. 
 
 Give of the Aromatic Powder, Ed. Ph. 15 or 20 grs. For a 
 dose. 
 
 i 
 
 These compositions answer the end sufficiently 
 well of Fuller's more compound peptic powder ; 
 which he directs to be sprinkled upon a toast dip- 
 ped in wine, and taken immediately after dinner 
 and sapper. 
 
 Magnesia, in a double or triple proportion, is 
 frequently an useful addition to these powders. 
 
 Mustard Seed. 
 
 Give of unbruised Mustard Seed a table spoonful, night and 
 morning. In dropsies. 
 
 Mead. 
 
ClaSS VIII. STIMULANTS. *l 1 5 
 
 In vernal in term it tents, especially tertians, Ber- 
 gius relates that these seeds given entire, and swal- 
 lowed without being chewed, daring the intermis- 
 sions, to the amount of a large spoonful four or 
 five times a day, often removed the fits. The 
 patients were ordered not to drink any thing warm 
 after them. This medicine is also useful in palsy 
 and chronic rheumatism. Dr. Cullen has re- 
 marked, that the seeds given in the above man- 
 ner, are never broken down or dissolved in the 
 stomach, but pass away entire by stool. This ex- 
 plains why they may be given so freely without 
 any harm. 
 
 White Pepper-corns. 
 
 Give of White Pepper-corns, unbruised, in number, twelve, 
 in a glass of cold water, in a morning. In hemicrania pro- 
 ceeding from a weakness of the stomach. 
 
 Lange. 
 
 Frustules of Horseradish. 
 
 Give of the fresh roots of horseradish, chopped small, a 
 large spoonful (to be swallowed down without chewing) every 
 morning for a month. In arthritic and scorbutic cases. 
 
 Beiigius, 
 
 Who directs at the same time half a pint of 
 the infusion of juniper tops to be drunk after this 
 medicine. 
 
 Pills with Asafoetida and Salt of Amber. 
 
 Jl. Asaefoctidae. 
 
 Castorei, aa 5Jss. 
 
21 6 stimulants. Class Fill, 
 
 Sal. Succini 5SS. 
 Ol. C. C. 3ss. 
 
 Commixta Tinct. Myrrhae coge in massam, unde 
 formentur Pilulae,, quarum singulae grana duo habeant. 
 
 Ph. Suec. 
 
 Four or five of these pills may be given three 
 or four times a day. Bergius says he has cured 
 tertians, and other intermittents of long standing, 
 by these pills either alone, or joined with the use 
 of the bark. 
 
 Compound Galbanum Pills, L. Ph. 
 Dose, fifteen grains or a scruple. 
 
 In the same manner may be given the 
 Compound Pills of Asafoetida, Ed. Ph. 
 
 Pills ivith Guaiacum and Aloes. 
 
 R. Gum. Guaiaci 
 Aloes aa 5JSS. 
 Bals. Per. q. s. 
 Ut fiat massa pilularis. 
 Dose, (a scruple or) half a drachm before suppers. For 
 cold distempers of the stomach, and for prevention of the 
 gout. 
 
 Fuller. 
 
 Perhaps if the guaiacum were employed in a 
 larger, and the aloes in a smaller proportion, these 
 pills, by being less purgative, would be better 
 suited to most of the cases for which they are in- 
 tended. 
 
ClaSS Fill. STIMULANTS. 217 
 
 Turpentine Pills. 
 
 R. Pulv. Glycyrrhiz. -£\). 
 Terebinth. Venet. q. s. 
 Ex singul. 5ss hujus massse fiant Pilulae v, bis die 
 sumendae. 
 
 Guy's Hosp. 
 
 Medicines of this kind are often employed for 
 the cure of gleet and fluor albus. In slight cases 
 of the former, Mr. John Hunter has found the 
 balsams, turpentines, &c. to be of use. He thinks 
 he has been able to ascertain this fact, that when 
 they are of service, they are almost immediately 
 so ; therefore, if upon trial they are not found to 
 lessen, or totally remove the gleet in five or six days 
 he never has continued them longer: And even 
 where they have either lessened or totally removed 
 the gleet in that time, it will often recur upon 
 leaving them off; and therefore, he adds, they 
 should be continued for some time after the symp- 
 toms have disappeared. Dr. Cullen's observations 
 in this respect, are pretty much the same. On the 
 other hand, Mr. Theden has seen turpentine prove 
 hurtful in these cases; and hence in his Advice to 
 Young Surgeons, he cautions against its general 
 use. With regard to fluor albus, Dr. Cullen tells 
 us that he frequently employed terebinthinate me- 
 dicines in this disorder, but seldom with success; 
 and one hindrance of this, he says, was, that few 
 female stomachs could be brought to bear the 
 
218 stimulants. Class VUL 
 
 quantities that might be necessary. See further 
 remarks respecting the use and abuse of terebin- 
 thinate and balsamic medicines under the article 
 Drops of Balsam of Copaiva. 
 
 Bolus with Snakeroot and Camphor, 
 R. Serpen tar. Virginian, pulv. 5ss. 
 Camphor. (Sp. Vin. subact.) 3ss. 
 Succ Bacc. Sambuci spissat. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 To be taken every 3 hours. In the sinking stage of malign 
 nant fevers. 
 
 Tissot. 
 
 Should there be much looseness of the bowels, 
 the opiate confection, L. Ph. may be employed in- 
 stead of the inspissated juice of elderberry. 
 
 Fifteen grains or a scruple will in most instances 
 be a sufficient dose of the serpentaria ; and per- 
 haps the quantity of camphor in this prescription 
 should be reduced to five or six grains. 
 
 Bolus icith Ammoniacal Iron and Ginsrer. 
 
 o 
 R. Ferr. Amnion. (Muriat. Amm. et Ferri, Ph. Ed.) 
 Pulv. Zingib. aa gr. xij. 
 Muc. G. Tragacanfeh. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 To be taken twice a day. In debilities of the stomach. 
 
 Hardinge, 
 
 Bolus with Ammonia and Spanish fly. 
 
 B. Amnion, pnep. (Carbonat. Amm. Ph. J5d.) 
 Confect. Aromat. aa 9j. 
 
ClaSS VIII. STIMULANTS. 2JQ 
 
 Canthar. in pulv. trit. gr. j. 
 Syr. vel Muc. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 To be taken every 6 or 4 hours, washing it down with a 
 strong infusion of valerian and horseradish. In paralytic af- 
 fections. 
 
 Val-ghax. 
 
 According to the state of the patient and the 
 effects of the medicine, the quantity of ammonia 
 and aromatic confection, may be increased to half 
 a drachm, or even two scruples ; and the dose of 
 the Spanish fly may be also doubled. This last 
 however, on account of its irritating effects upon 
 the urinary passages, must be administered with 
 caution ; and should be discontinued as soon as 
 any degree of strangury or pain and heat about 
 the pubes, shew the bladder to be affected. Plen- 
 tiful dilution with decoction of barley, gruel, or 
 milk and water, must be had recourse to when 
 such symptoms arise. 
 
 Bolus with Camphor and Oil of Cinnamon, 
 R. Camphor, gr. xv. 
 
 Ol. Cinnamom. gtt. iij. 
 Confect. Aromat. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. See 
 
 Donald Monro. 
 
 We have substituted the aromatic confection 
 for the conserve of rosemary, which is now ex- 
 cluded from our pharmacopoeias. The author 
 above-mentioned, says that Geoffroy (whose ori- 
 
220 stimulants. Class VI1L 
 
 ginal prescription., however, contains also a grain 
 of opium) recommends this bolus as a good reme- 
 dy for promoting sweat. 
 
 Bolus of Aromatic Confections L. Ph. 
 Half a drachm made into a bolus. 
 
 Bolus of Confection of Opium, L. PL 
 In the same quantity. 
 
 Bolus of Opiate Electuary, Ed. Ph. 
 In the quantity of two scruples. 
 
 Or these confections may be made into draughts, 
 by mixing the aforesaid quantities with an ounce 
 or an ounce and a half of any of the distilled 
 waters. 
 
 Electuary with Arum, Lew. D. 
 Dose, the size of a nutmeg twice or thrice a day. In scor- 
 butic and rheumatic cases, 
 
 This prescription is an improvement upon Sy- 
 denham's celebrated electuary for what he has 
 termed the scorbutic rheumatism. This root 
 has been also prescribed in the form of an emul- 
 sion, of which an example is given in the dispen- 
 satory last quoted ; but the electuary composition 
 is the best. In either of these ways the root of 
 this vegetable may be given in doses from JO grs. 
 to a scruple, 3 or 4 times a day. From our own 
 experience we can confirm what Lewis has re- 
 
Class V1IL STIMULANTS. 221 
 
 ported of the arum in cases of chronic rheuma- 
 tism, especially when occurring in persons abound- 
 ing in cellular membrane, and of a pallid com- 
 plexion. 
 
 Electuary with Valerian and Ammonia, 
 
 R. Pulv. Rad. Valer. sylv. 31J. 
 
 Cinchon. subt. 5SS. 
 
 Ammon. prsep. (Caibonat. Ammon. Ph. Ed.) 31J. 
 Syr. Zingib. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Electuarium. 
 Dose, from one to two drachms five or six times in the day. 
 In periodical head-achs, which attack only one side of the 
 head. 
 
 Donald Monro. 
 
 Electuary with Floivers of Arnica. 
 
 K. Flor. Arnicae 5ix. 
 
 Mellis vel Syrupi q. s. 
 Ut fiat Electuarium molle. 
 To serve for 2 days. In agues. 
 
 Collin. 
 
 Dr. Donald Monro, as far as we have heard, is 
 the only person (for it may be doubted whether 
 Dr Home procured the genuine plant) who has 
 made trial of the arnica in this kingdom. He 
 gave it to some soldiers, labouring under inter- 
 mitting and remitting complaints at Coxheath 
 Camp, but without success. He acknowledges, 
 however, that for want of a sufficient quantity of 
 the medicine, his experiments were too few to ad- 
 mit of any general or certain conclusion. Dr, 
 
 7 
 
222 stimulants. Class PHL 
 
 Woodville says he has not been able to procure 
 this plant from any of the London druggists. 
 
 Linctus with Oil of Turpentine, 
 
 R. Ol. Terebinthinae 5'ij. 
 Mellis opt. 5j. 
 M. F. Linctus. 
 Dose, a tea spoonful night and morning, with a draught of 
 any weak warm drink after each dose. In the sciatica. 
 
 Home. 
 
 Dr. Cheyne, who first recommended this medi- 
 cine, says, that large doses of oil of turpentine, 
 with honey, very often dislodge the hip-gout in a 
 few days ; but he adds, that it is extremely sick- 
 ening, and strongly vomits, unless much diluted 
 with weak sack-whey. In some of our hospitals 
 it is ordered in the quantity of half a drachm twice 
 a day. Dr. Cullen remarks that, though he never 
 found any person's stomach to bear the oil of tur- 
 pentine in the quantity proposed by Doctors Pit- 
 cairn and Cheyne, in the sciatica, and on this 
 account, perhaps, was disappointed of its effects 
 in the entire cure of the disease ; yet, in less 
 doses, he frequently found it an useful remedy. 
 When over-dosed, as Dr. Donald Monro has re- 
 marked after Stedman, it disorders the alimentary 
 and urinary passages in a violent manner ; for 
 which reason it should be given at first in small 
 quantities, and be carefully watched during the 
 course of its exhibition. 
 
Class Fill. STIMULANTS. 223 
 
 Draught with Vitriolic JElher. 
 
 R. Aq. menth. pip. 5J. 
 
 iEther. vitriolici (^Ether. Sulphur. Ph. Ed.) gtt. L. 
 Sacch. puriricat. 5J. 
 M. F. Haustus. 
 
 Varied from' the 
 
 Pn. Genev. 
 
 Vitriolic aether (sulphuric aether) may be given 
 in considerably larger doses (viz. 2 or 3 drachms) 
 according to the constitution of the patient and 
 the nature of the complaint. Opiates and the 
 various preparations of ammonia are often joined 
 to it, with advantage. It is a valuable remedy in 
 asthma, and hysteria ; but it is not much to be 
 commended in gouty cases, in which, however., 
 some physicians are very fond of prescribing it. 
 
 Draught with Long Pepper. 
 
 R. Piperis longi gr. [viii. vel] xij. 
 Confect. Aromat. 3j. 
 Aq. menth. pip. Bjss. 
 Sp. Myristicae 5'ij. 
 M. F. Haustus. 
 Against gout in the head or stomach. 
 
 Fox's Form, 
 
 Draught with Salt of Hartshorn. 
 
 R. Sal. C. C. gr. xv. 
 Aq. Cinnamom. 5JSS. 
 Sp. Cinnam. 51J. 
 Fiat Haustus. 
 Suited to cases of gout in the stomach. With the suhsti- 
 
 3 
 
224 STIMULANTS, Class VIIT. 
 
 tution of cinnamon water and Spirit of Cinnamon for Rhenish 
 wine, this is after 
 
 Rosenstein. 
 
 It is also, like the draught with volatile liquor 
 of hartshorn, mentioned under Diaphoretics, ap- 
 plicable to cases of chronic rheumatism. 
 
 Draught with Salt of Hartshorn and Ginger. 
 R. Pulv. Zingib. gr. xv. 
 Sal. C. C. gr. viij. 
 Aq. men th. pip. §jss. 
 Sp. myristicae ^ij. 
 M. F. Haustus. 
 To be taken ever}' 6th hour. In the same cases. Varied 
 
 from 
 
 Fox's Form. 
 
 The addition of a couple of drachms of some 
 syrup of ginger, or syrup of orange peel to these 
 <l last draughts will be useful, by covering in 
 some degree the pungency of the Vol. Salt on the 
 fauces. 
 
 Draught with Tincture of Snakeroot. 
 
 R. Tinct. Serpentariae ^ss. 
 Aq. menth. pip. 5J. 
 Sp. Cinnamom. 51J. 
 Syr. Zingib. 5J. 
 M. F. Haustus. 
 To be taken twice a day. In the same cases. Varied from 
 
 Fox's Form. 
 
 The other aromatic tinctures, such as the 
 
Class VI IL STIMULANTS. 225 
 
 Compound Tincture of Cardamom, the Compound 
 Tincture of Cinnamon, &c. may be given in the 
 same manner and in the same doses. This prac- 
 tice, however, of giving spirituous preparations is 
 too much abused. Aromatic compositions without 
 the alkohol, especially when combined with opium., 
 will generally be preferable. 
 
 Draught with Valerian and Salt of Hartshorn . 
 
 R. Pulv. Valer. sylv. 3j. 
 Sal. C. C. gr. xv. 
 Aq. Cinnamom. 31J. 
 M. F. Haustus. 
 To be taken every 4th hour. 
 
 Akenside. 
 
 Suited to cases of nervous head-ach, depression 
 of spirits, and the advanced stages of low fever. 
 
 Draught with Balsam of Peru. 
 
 R. Bah. Per. (Vitell. Ovi subact.) 5SS. 
 Aq. Cinnamomi ^ij. 
 
 Sp. Amnion. (Alkohol. Amnion. Ph. Ed.) gtt. lx. 
 M. F. Haustus. 
 To be taken twice a day. Varied from 
 
 Hugh Smith. 
 
 Mucilage of gum arabic is preferable to the 
 yolk of egg for the diffusion of balsamic and olea- 
 ginous substances through a watery medium ; 
 since it does not, as the late Dr. Fothergill has 
 remarked, disagree with the stomach in any case ; 
 which, however, cannot be said of the vitell us ovi : 
 
226 stimul^ts. Class VIII 
 
 moreover, it is not liable to become rancid, and 
 thereby excessively prejudicial ; and, what will be 
 of weight with some compounders, it is much less 
 expensive. Besides the cases above-mentioned, 
 there are also others, and especially those of 
 phthisis, in which compositions of this sort are 
 frequently prescribed by some practitioners ; but, 
 as we have before noticed under the order of Ex- 
 pectorants, the free and indiscriminate employ- 
 ment of this and the other balsams, in such affec- 
 tions of the lungs, has been very justly condemned 
 by the same Dr. Fothergill. In like manner, the 
 Chio or Venice Turpentine may be made up into 
 draughts, and given in an equal, double, or even 
 triple quantity, in cases of palsy. 
 
 Guaiacum Mixture. 
 As under Diaphoretics. 
 
 Mixture with Salt of Hartshorn. 
 
 R. Sal. C. C. 5ss. 
 
 Aq. menth. sativ. Jvjj'. 
 Syr. Aurant. Cort. ?j. M. 
 Dose, two spoonfuls occasionally. Against giddiness of the 
 head after intermitting fevers. With the substitution of the 
 mint for the simple alexiterial water, this is from 
 
 Llnd. 
 
 Of mint-water we may here take an opportunity 
 of observing, that Dr. Cullen thinks with many 
 other practitioners, that the infusion of the herb in 
 
Class Fill. STIMULANTS. 227 
 
 warm water, agrees better with the stomach than 
 the distilled water, which is often somewhat em- 
 pyre umatic 
 
 Mixture with Salt of Hartshorn and Aromatic 
 Confection. 
 R. Sal. C. C. 5ss. 
 
 Confect. Aromat. 5Jss. 
 Aquae purae £vj. 
 Sp. Myristicae |j. 
 Syr. Croats. M. 
 Two or 3 table spoonfuls to be given frequently. In the 
 low and sinking state of the jail or hospital fever. 
 
 Pringle. 
 
 Camphor Emulsion, 
 
 R. Camphorae 35s. 
 Sacchar. purificat. 
 G. Arab, aa 51J. 
 Simul tritis paulatim addantur 
 Aq. raenth. sativ. ^viij. M. 
 Dose, 2 table spoonfuls every 2 or 3 hours. After the 
 manner of 
 
 Collin. 
 
 This method of exhibiting camphor, diffused 
 through a watery vehicle by means of the muci- 
 lage, seems preferable to every other. 
 
 From its effects on animals, in the experiments 
 of Carminati and Menghini (though Dr. Cullen 
 quotes this last author to support a contrary opi- 
 nion) and more especially from its usefulness in 
 low nervous fevers, in the malignant small pox, Sec, 
 
 a 2 
 
228 stimulants. Class VIII. 
 
 we do not hesitate to consider camphor as a warm 
 and cordial medicine, and therefore we rank it as 
 such, in opposition to Dr. Cullen and some other 
 writers, in the class of Stimulants. See Practical 
 Synopsis of the Mat. Med. Vol. I. pp. 252-253. 
 
 Infusion of Horseradish and Mustard. 
 R, Had. Raphan. rtist. incis. 
 Sem. Sinap. contus. aa 5,ij. 
 Aq. fervent, ifeij. 
 Stent simul in loco calido,, vase clauso, per horas xi|, 
 Colaturse adde 
 
 Sp. menth. pip. ^ij. 
 Dose, 4 ounces twice a day. In palsies. 
 
 St. Barthol. Hosp, 
 
 Hartman has an infusion of this root in beer, ia 
 the proportion of four ounces to two quarts, with 
 the addition of two ounces of Winter's bark ; 
 which, drunk in larger quantities, may serve very 
 well for rustic and hospital patients. Both pre- 
 scriptions may be used with advantage, not only in 
 paralytic, but likewise in scorbutic and rheumatic 
 cases ; in which last, however, from what Dr. 
 Lange of Lunenburg has related, the expressed 
 juice of the horseradish seems to prove the most 
 efficacious. He gave it in the dose of a spoonful 
 every morning. Perhaps this juice will answer all 
 the purposes of the compound juice of scurvy- 
 grass of our pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Infusion of the F/owers of Arnica. 
 R. Flor. Arnicae 5J. 
 
Class VIII. STIMULANTS. 22Q 
 
 Aq. fer vends q. s. 
 Macera per dimidiam horam, vase clause Cola- 
 turse ftj adde 
 
 Syr aurant. Cort Jj. 
 The whole 10 be taken, at four or five doses, in the course 
 of a day. In palsy. With the substitution of syrup of orange- 
 peel for syrup of chamomile flowers, which is not kept in our 
 fhops, this is from 
 
 Collin. 
 
 The proportion of the flowers in this prescrip- 
 tion, may be increased in some cases to three 
 drachms, or half an ounce ; but as they are apt to 
 occasion sickness and pain in the stomach at the 
 first takings, it is better to begin with a wenk in- 
 fusion, increasing the strength of it afterwards by 
 degrees. This medicine may also be prescribed 
 in the form of a decoction as underneath ; but, of 
 the two preparations, the infusion is the least un- 
 pleasant. 
 
 Decoction of the Flowers of Arnica. 
 R. Flor. Arnicae Jij. 
 
 Coque in Aq. purse q. s. 
 Colaturse Ibj. adde 
 
 Syr. Cort. aurant. 5SS. M. 
 Dose, a cupful every 2 hours. In malignant or typhoid 
 fevers. 
 
 Stoll. 
 
 Sometimes these flowers were employed by this 
 physician in a larger proportion, such as an ounce 
 or even more to the same quantity of water. 
 
230 stimulants. Class Fill 
 
 Decoction with Virginian Snakeroot. 
 R. Rad. Serpentar. contus. ^iij. 
 
 Decoque ex Aq. purae ^xij ad Sviij, adjecta sub finem 
 coctionis 
 
 Elect. Opiat Ph. Ed. 5}'. 
 Dein cola. 
 Dose, 4 spoonfuls every 4* or 5 hours. In dysentery accom- 
 panied with hospital fever. 
 
 PllINGLE. 
 
 In place of the Theriaca Andromachi, which is 
 ordered in the original prescription, but which is 
 now banished from the shops, an equal quantity of 
 the Edinburgh opiate electuary is here prescribed. 
 
 Decoction of Mezereon. 
 R. Cort Rad. Mezerei 5SS. 
 Aquae purae ftyj. 
 Decoque ad Ibiv, sub finem coctionis addens 
 Rad. Glycyrrhiz. incis. ^ss. 
 Doze, half a pint 4 times a day. See 
 
 Russell. 
 
 This acrid vegetable operates chiefly by per- 
 spiration (see Diaphoretics) ; hence its use in 
 venereal nodes, in chronic rheumatism, as well as 
 in various cutaneous affections. 
 
 Wine. 
 In the hands of a skilful and judicious practi- 
 tioner, wine is one of the best and most powerful 
 Stimulants which art or nature are capable of 
 
Class VI1L STIMULANTS. '231 
 
 affording ; for, besides its well known use as a 
 cordial in the common cases of languor, weakness, 
 and exhaustion, modern practice has moreover 
 shewn it to be an admirable remedy in scurvy, 
 gangrene, and typhus fevers. In the advanced 
 stages of the last-mentioned fevers, it has been 
 administered with the best effect by Pringle, 
 Huxham, Brokelsby., &c. The first named phy- 
 sician used to order, in the jail or hospital fever, 
 from a quarter to half a pint in a day, of the 
 strong kind of wine ; and of Rhenish or small 
 French wine, as much as a quart a day. In low 
 or nervous fevers, Dr. Gilchrist aUowed a bottle a 
 day ; and Dr. Hey sham gave as much as two 
 bottles and a half in the space of twenty-four 
 hours, in the putrid fever which appeared at Car- 
 lisle in 1781, and thinks that even more might 
 sometimes be given with great advantage. Port 
 wine is that which is generally employed in, and 
 best suited to the above-mentioned cases; though 
 some physicians have lately recommended Ma- 
 deira. It is proper to remark, however, that there 
 are certain states in low and malignant fevers, in 
 which the exhibition of wine is manifestly hurt- 
 ful ; and its use should always be laid aside when- 
 ever it is found to increase the heat, watchfulness, 
 or delirium, or not to abate the frequency of the 
 pulse. And it is further to be noticed, that many 
 practitioners of the present day (with whom " me- 
 dicine is become the art of administering drams") 
 
232 stimulants. Class VI1X % 
 
 are too fond of prescribing with a lavish and ran- 
 dom hand, wine and other cordials in the cases 
 above-mentioned, B f drenching their patients there- 
 with (to use the expressions of a bold and novel 
 writer on this subject) till they are stimulated to 
 death." Instead of wine, some have recom- 
 mended London bottled porter, or bottled ale, 
 for the above purposes ; but we may observe, 
 that though it may refresh somewhat more at 
 first, it rarely proves so good a cordial in the end, 
 and that it is moreover exceptionable on account 
 of its purgative tendency. These bottled malt 
 liquors have, however, on many occasions, been 
 found to answer very well instead of wine, in the 
 army and navy. 
 
 Mustard Whey. 
 
 R. Lactis Vaccini tfej. 
 
 Sem. Sinap. contus. §j. 
 Coquantur invicem ad separationem casei, turn que 
 serum coletur. 
 Dose, a tea cupful. 
 
 Disp. Fuld. 
 
 Vinous Infusion of Arum and Horseradish. 
 R. Rad. Ari recent. 5iij. 
 Raphan. rustican. 3jss. 
 Fol. Trifol. paludos. manip. j. 
 Vini Rhenani tbiij. 
 Digere leni calore. 
 Dose, a wine glassful twice or thrice a day. In scorbutic 
 cases. Altered from 
 
 BOERHAAVE. 
 
ClaSS FIJI. STIMULANTS. 23 ?• 
 
 Tincture of GuaiaCum. 
 As under Diaphoretics. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Cardamom, L. Ph. 
 Dose, a tea spoonful or two in a glass of cold water. 
 
 In the same manner may be taken the 
 Compound Tincture of Cinnamon, L. Ph. 
 
 Both these tinctures are more commonly given 
 with bitter infusions or decoctions, in the form of 
 draughts. 
 
 Drops with Tincture of Spanish Flies, 
 
 K. Khabarbari 5Jss. 
 G. Guaiaci gr. xlv. 
 
 Laccae 
 
 ss, 
 
 Cantharidum contus. 5J. 
 
 Infundantur in Sp. Vini rectificati ^xij et fiat cola- 
 
 tura. 
 
 Dose, from 30 to SO drops, night and morning, in a draught 
 
 of water. In gleets. With the omission of some cochineal, 
 
 thjs is from 
 
 Mead. 
 
 What has been said before respecting the use c£ 
 balsams in gleets, will be equally applicable here. 
 The above acrid anhnal substances have been em- 
 ployed, and sometimes with success, in various 
 ether affections of the urinary passages, besides 
 gleets ; such as fiuor albus, diabetes, suppression, 
 and incontmency of urine, when brought on by an 
 
234 STIMULANTS. CldSS Fill. 
 
 over distension of the bladder. It may seem a 
 paradox, says Dr. Carmichael Smith (who has re- 
 commended the cantharides in the two last cases) 
 that the same medicine should be employed with 
 success in two diseases so directly opposite to each 
 other ; but, he observes, however opposite these 
 complaints may be in appearance, they often arise 
 from the same cause, and either follow in succes- 
 sion, or exist (that is a partial suppression and in- 
 continency) at one and the same time. The is- 
 churia vesicalis, or suppression of urine, in which 
 the last mentioned author has experienced the 
 good effects of cantharides, is accompanied by 
 strangury ; and may be distinguished from other 
 species of ischuria, not only by this symptom, but 
 also by a painful swelling at the region of the 
 pubes, by the suppression being seldom complete, ' 
 and always accompanied, sooner or later, by incon- 
 tinency of urine. Both in this incontinency of 
 urine, which follows or accompanies the ischuria 
 vesicalis, and in that which accompanies a palsy of 
 the lower extremities, the same medicine has 
 proved uncommonly serviceable. It is proper to 
 remark, that Dr. Carmichael Smith recommends 
 the cantharides in substance, having repeatedly 
 tried the tincture without effect. He generally 
 gave them, made into pills, in the dose of one, 
 two, or three grains, twice a day. In case of vio- 
 lent strangury, or other disagreeable symptoms 
 (which, however, when the medicine is administered 
 
ClaSS VIIL STIMULANTS. 235 
 
 in the doses just mentioned, are not likely to hap- 
 pen) recourse must be had to mucilaginous liquors, 
 emulsions, or milk. Of the internal exhibition of 
 cantharides in low fevers, we avoid taking notice, 
 judging it to be an improper practice. 
 
 Drops of Balsam of Copaiva. 
 Give of Balsam of Copaiva 20 or 40 drops on a lump of 
 sugar, once or twice a clay. In haemorrhoidal affections, in 
 which it was frequently employed, with success by 
 
 Cullex. 
 
 Taken in this manner it proves laxative. This 
 balsam is also frequently given in the same way, 
 and in the same doses, in fluor albus and gleets ; 
 with regard to its use in which cases, the same 
 precautions as those already mentioned under the 
 Turpentine Pills, should be attended to. As to 
 its employment in ulcerations of the lungs, accom- 
 panied with hectic fever, though some respectable 
 practitioners have followed the example of Fuller, 
 yet the majority of physicians seem now to be 
 against such a practice. Murray, who has brought 
 under one view the authorities of both sides, ex- 
 horts those who exercise the medical art, to pur- 
 sue a middle path, avoiding equally to condemn or 
 extol, till they shall have examined its effects with 
 impartiality, and under various circumstances, both 
 by itself, and with the addition of correctives ; 
 thus, proceeding in their experiments the same as 
 if the subject were entirely new. 
 
'236 STIMULANTS. Class Fill. 
 
 Water of Ammonia, L. Ph. 
 
 Water of Carbonate of Potass y Ed. PL 
 
 Spirit of Ammonia, L. Ph. 
 
 Ammoniated Alkohol, Ed. Ph. 
 
 Compound Spirit of Ammonia, L. Ph. 
 
 Aromatic Ammoniated Alkohol, Ed. PL 
 
 Foetid Spirit of Ammonia, L. PL 
 
 Foetid Ammoniated Alkohol, Ed. Ph. 
 
 Volatile Liquor of Hartshorn, L. PL 
 
 All these preparations of ammonia may be 
 given in doses of 20, 30 or 40 drops, in a draught 
 of water, or any other appropriate vehicle. 
 
 Pepper Cataplasm. 
 
 R. Sem. Sinap. contus. ifess. 
 Piperis albi. 
 Zingiberis aa 5J. 
 Oxymel. Scillae q. s. 
 Ut fiat Cataplasma. 
 
 Grunei; 
 
 Mustard Cataplasm, L. Ph. 
 
 Both these cataplasms, commonly termed sina- 
 pisms, are applied to the soles of the feet and 
 
 3 
 
Class VIII. STIMULANTS. *237 
 
 other parts of the body, in low fevers, when ac- 
 companied with stupor or delirium ; and in cases 
 of apoplexy, palsy, &c. In regard to their em- 
 ployment in fevers, it may be doubted whether 
 they are ever beneficial. 
 
 Cummin Cataplasm, L. Ph. 
 
 Cummin Plaster, L. Ph. 
 
 Labdanum Plaster, L. Ph. 
 
 These Plasters are applied to the pit of the sto- 
 mach in painful and spasmodic affections of that 
 part, and to the umbilical region in cases of colic, 
 flatulency, &c. 
 
 Plaster of Burgundy Pitch, L. Ph. 
 To be applied upon or near the part affected. In rheumatic 
 pains. 
 
 Plaster of Spanish Fly, L. Ph. 
 This last, which is commonly known by the 
 name of blistering plaster, is of great and exten- 
 sive use in the healing art ; for blisters may be 
 justly ranked amongst the principal remedies for 
 many disorders, both acute and chronic, both with 
 and without inflammation. Thus they are often 
 employed with the greatest advantage in low ner- 
 vous fevers, in the confluent small-pox, in the 
 putrid sore throat; in ophthalmia, phrenitis, in- 
 flammatory sore throat, peripneumony, hepatitis 
 
238 stimulants. Class Fill. 
 
 gastritis, rheumatism ; in apoplexy, epilepsy, palsy,, 
 asthma, convulsions, periodical head-ach, spasms 
 of the stomach, &c. 
 
 Epithem With Volatile Liquor' of Hartshorn* 
 Let a piece of thick flannel, moistened with two parts of 
 common sweet oil, and one of volatile liquor of hartshorn (or 
 in such a proportion as the skin will bear) be applied to the 
 throat, and renewed once in four or five hours. In the in- 
 flammatory sore throat. 
 
 Pringle, 
 
 Who says he had this medicine, from the late 
 Dr. Young, of Edinburgh. By this means* he 
 observes, the neck, and sometimes the whole 
 body, is put into a sweat ; which, after bleeding, 
 either carries off or lessens the inflammation. 
 
 Epithem with Tincture of Spanish Flies. 
 
 R. Pulv. Cantharid. 5J. 
 
 Sp. Vin. rectificat. (Alkohol. Ph. Ed.) |iv. 
 Digere leni calore per ij dies. In liquore colato solve 
 Camphors Bss. 
 To be rubbed on the parts affected. In palsy. 
 
 Bang. 
 
 The practice of rubbing paralytic limbs with 
 flannel, moistened either with the common tinc- 
 ture of cantharides, or with such a tincture as the 
 above, deserves to be more generally adopted in 
 this country. 
 
 Epithem with Cawphor and Salt of Hartshorn. 
 R. Sp. Camphorat. (Tinct. Camphor. Ph. Ed.) 3'iv. 
 5 
 
Class Fill. stimulants. 239 
 
 Sal. C. C. 5ss. 
 Ol. Juniperi. 
 — Succini aa 51J. M. 
 To be used in the same manner, and in the same cases as 
 the last. With the omission of the sal ammoniac, this is the 
 spiritus paralyticus of 
 
 Bang, 
 
 Camphorated Spirit, L. Ph. 
 
 Camphorated Tincture, Ed. Ph. 
 
 To be rubbed on the part affected, in sprains, bruises, chil- 
 blains, &c. 
 
 Liniment of Ammonia, L. Ph. 
 
 Ammoniated Oil, Ed. Ph. 
 To be rubbed on the part affected, in rheumatic pains, &rc. 
 
 Compound Liniment of Camphor, L. Ph. 
 
 Camphorated Oil, Ed. Ph. 
 To be used in the same cases. 
 
 Compound Liniment of Soap, L. Pit. 
 
 Tincture of Soap, Ed. Ph. 
 
 Either of these to be rubbed on the part affected, in sprains, 
 feruises, &c. 
 
 Aromatic Fomentation, Lew. D. 
 
 This fomenation which is taken from the Edin- 
 burgh Hospital, affords great relief when applied 
 to the abdomen, in painful and spasmodic affec- 
 tions of the bowels, &c, 
 
240 stimulants. Class VIII. 
 
 For other examples of stimulant fomentations, 
 see Antiseptics. 
 
 Epilhem of Garlick Juice. 
 
 Dip some cotton in the juice of garlic, and put it into the 
 ear, repeating the application several times for one day. In 
 rheumatic deafness. 
 
 Beegius. 
 
 The juice, thus applied, occasions a redness, 
 pain, and increased sensibility of the meatus audi- 
 torius for a day or two ; these effects are succeeded 
 by an itching and desquamation of the part, and 
 then the hearing generally returns. Dr. Cullen 
 relates that he has, in like manner, found the juice 
 of onion, put into the ear at bed time, very useful 
 in cases of deafness. 
 
 Collutory with Villous Infusion of Mustard, 
 
 R. Sem. Sinap. contus 5J. 
 Vini albi ftj, 
 Macera sine calore et colaturae adde 
 Sp. Lavend. comp. ^ij. 
 A table spoonful or more to be held frequently in the mouth 
 and spit out again. In palsy of the tongue. 
 
 Thompson. 
 
 Gargle ivith Ammonia and AlhohoL 
 R. Ammon. praep. (Carbonat. Ammoniac, Ph. Ed.) 5J, 
 Sp. Vin. Gallic. (Alkohol. dilat Ph. Ed.) ^ij.. 
 Decoct. Hordei Bxij. M. 
 
 Donald Monro. 
 
Class VIII. STIMULANTS. 241 
 
 Sir J. Pringle used to employ in the inflamma- 
 tory sore throat, a stimulant gargle made of de- 
 coction barley, thirteen ounces ; rose honey, two 
 ounces ; vinegar, one ounce, and a spoonful of 
 mustard. 
 
 Gargle with Contrayerva. 
 As under Antiseptics. 
 
 R 
 
CLASS IX. 
 ANTISPASMODICS. 
 
 Medicines which are suited to disorders accom- 
 panied with convulsive movements, or strong 
 contractions of the muscular fibres, are termed 
 Antispasmodics. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Antispasmodics. 
 Ammonia et ejus prseparata. 
 
 Vol. Alkali and its preparations. 
 Oleum animale. 
 
 Animal oil. 
 Castoreum Castor Fiber. 
 
 Castor. 
 Cantharis Meloe xeskatorius. 
 
 Spanish fly. 
 Moschus Moschus moschiferuB. 
 
 Musk. 
 
 Anisum Pimpinella Anisum. 
 
 Aniseed. 
 Asafoetida Ferula Asafoetida. 
 
 Asafoetida. 
 Aurantium hisp Citrus auranthm. 
 
 Seville Orange. 
 Camphor Laurus Campliora, 
 
 Camphor. 
 Cardamine CardammQ pratensis* 
 
 Ladysmock. 
 
Class IX. ANTISPASMODICS. 213 
 
 Cicuta Conium maculatum. 
 
 Hemlock. 
 Cinchona Cinchona officinalis. 
 
 Peruvian Bark. 
 Galbanum Bubon Galbanum. 
 
 Galbanum. 
 Hyoscyamus Hyoscyamus nigcr. 
 
 Henbane. 
 Ipecacuanha Callicocca Ipecac. Brot. 
 
 Ipecacuanha. Cephaelis Ipecac. Willd, 
 Nicotiana Nicotiana Tabacum. 
 
 Tobacco. 
 Opium Papaver somnif crura . 
 
 Opium. 
 Valeriana Valeriana officinalis. 
 
 Valerian. 
 
 Succinum. 
 
 Amber. 
 JEther vitriolicus JSther sulphuricus, Ed. Ph 
 
 Vitriolic iEther. Sulphuric iEther. 
 
 Hydrargyri qusedam praeparata. 
 
 Some preparations of Quicksilver. 
 Cupri quaedam prasparata. 
 
 Certain, preparations of Copper. 
 Zincum calcinatum Oxydum Zinci, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Calcined Zinc Oxyd of Zinc. 
 
 Electrisatio. 
 
 Electrization. 
 Galvanisatio. ; ' 
 
 Galvanization. 
 Epispastica. 
 
 Epispastics 
 
244 antispasmodics. Class IX. 
 
 Tonica, 
 
 Tonics. 
 Narcotica. 
 
 Narcotics. 
 
 Powder of Ipecacuanha, 
 Give of Powdered ipecacuanha, from three to five grains 
 every morning, or every other morning, in cases of chronic or 
 habitual asthma. 
 
 AK EN SIDE. 
 
 In a dose of five grains, this medicine, says the 
 above-mentioned author, generally acts as an 
 emetic : on some persons, however, it has not that 
 effect, nor produces any alteration in the stomach 
 beyond mere sickness ; which almost always hap- 
 pens when only three grains are given. Yet, in 
 these instances, the medicine is- equally useful as 
 in those where it proves emetic ; so that the relief 
 which it brings to the asthma, does not depend on 
 the action of vomiting, but seems owing (he ob- 
 serves) to that general antispasmodic or relaxant 
 property which belongs to ipecacuanha. He some- 
 times persisted in this method for a month or six 
 weeks ; and though the patients generally remon- 
 strated against it at first, yet after a little expe- 
 rience they willingly submitted.. By the same 
 mode of action, ipecacuanha given in still smaller 
 doses (half a grain for instance) proves serviceable 
 in the hooping cough, in uterine haemorrhages (see 
 Class I. D.) and in dysentery. 
 
Class IX. ANTISPASMODICS. 24 j 
 
 Powder of Cardamlne Flower. 
 
 Give of Powdered cardamine or ladysmpok flowers, half a 
 drachm, twice a day. In chorea, and other convulsive affec- 
 tions. 
 
 Baker. 
 
 This remedy must be persevered in for several 
 weeks. In every case in which he has used this 
 medicine, Sir G. Baker has observed, that it has 
 agreed well with the stomach, and that it has 
 seemed to strengthen the digestive powers. The 
 dose may be doubled or tripled in some cases. 
 These flowers may also be conveniently given in 
 other forms, viz. in the form of a bolus or draught. 
 
 Powder of Orange Leaves. 
 
 R. Fol. aurant. exsiccat. ^ss. 
 Sacchar. puriricat. 3j. 
 Tere simul in Pulverem. 
 To be taken twice or thrice a day. In convulsions. 
 
 Hautman. 
 
 This medicine is also given in the form of in- 
 fusion and decoction ; examples of which may be 
 seen further on. 
 
 Powder of Wild Valerian Root. 
 
 Give of Powdered wild valerian root, one drachm, 3 or 4 
 times a day. In epilepsy. 
 
 Quarix. 
 
 Ever since this medicine was first recommended 
 by Columna, Marchant, and Tissot,, it has con- 
 
046 antispasmodics. Class IX, 
 
 tinued to be a favourite remedy with foreign prac- 
 titioners in epileptic and other convulsive disor- 
 ders. It used to be exhibited in doses too small, 
 but of late it has been prescribed in the above- 
 mentioned cases in very large quantities. Quarin 
 mentions, that he has given five drachms of the 
 powdered root in a day, for a length of time ; Mr. 
 Mudge has administered half an ounce of it twice 
 a day, in a catalepsy ; M. Desbois de Rochefort, 
 late physician to the Charity Hospital, directs from 
 two drachms to one or two ounces of the powder, 
 for four or five takings ; Dr. Odhelius, a Swedish 
 physician, gradually, and with good effect, in- 
 creased the dose of the root in substance to as 
 much as ten or twelve drachms ; lastly, Dr. Herz, 
 of Berlin, relates the case of an epileptic patient, 
 who took more than thirty ounces of valerian in 
 the course of a fortnight. The fits, which had 
 resisted various other antispasmodic remedies, were 
 entirely removed by this medicine. For covering 
 its disagreeable taste, and for making it sit better 
 on the stomach, it is proper to mix with it some 
 aromatic, such as a little mace. Wild valerian 
 root is likewise a powerful remedy in various ner- 
 vous affections, and particularly in hemicrania, in 
 which it has been strongly recommended by Dr. 
 J. Fordyce. The dose which he prescribes for the 
 cure of this sort of head-ach, is from one to two 
 drachms of the powder, three or four times a day 
 for some length of time. 
 
Class IX. ANTISPASMODICS. 247 
 
 Opium Pills, L. Ph. 
 As under Narcotics. 
 
 Compound Galbanum Pills, L. Ph. 
 As under Stimulants. 
 
 Compound Pills of Asafcetida, Ed. Ph. 
 As under Stimulants. 
 
 Pills ivith Castor and Salt of Amber, 
 
 R. Castorei 5J. 
 
 Sal. Succini 5SS. 
 Extr. Rutae q. s. 
 U.t iiant Pilulae xxiv. 
 Dose, 3 pills night and morning. In hysteria, 
 
 Sydenham. 
 
 Castor may be given in the form of a bolus in 
 larger quantities, and consequently with greater 
 effect. Thouvenel (Memoire sur les Substances 
 Animales Medicamenteuses, 1778) gave it to the 
 extent of several drachms, in a day. It frequently 
 proves, as Dr. Cullen has remarked, a powerful 
 antispasmodic, and has been useful in every case 
 requiring such remedies, especially when given in 
 substance^ and in large quantities. 
 
 Calomel Pills. 
 As under Sialagogues. 
 
 Quicksilver, whether used internally or exter- 
 nally, is, in certain casesj one of the most power- 
 ful antispasmodics which the materia medica is 
 
248 antispasmodics. Class IX. 
 
 capable of affording. Accordingly, it has been 
 found to be of singular efficacy in difficulty of 
 swallowing from spasms of the oesophagus., in sup- 
 pression of urine from spasms occupying the neck 
 of the bladder, in epileptic affections, in trismus, 
 in tetanus, and in hydrophobia ; the quicksilver 
 ointment being at the same time rubbed upon the 
 skin, in many of these cases. From the success 
 with which calomel has been employed by Dr. 
 Rush in the croup, may we not expect that it 
 would likewise prove serviceable in cases of hoop- 
 ing cough ? 
 
 Pills of Ammoniaret of Copper, Ed. Ph. 
 As under Tonics. 
 
 Pills of Calcined Zinc. (Oxyd of Zinc.) 
 As under Tonics. 
 
 Bolus with Valerian and Rust of Iron. 
 R. Pulv. Rad. Valer. srlv. 5J. 
 
 Rubig. Ferri (Carbonat. Ferri Ph. Ed.) 9ss, 
 Muc. G. Arab. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 After the manner of 
 
 St. Tnos. Hosp, 
 
 Bolus with Musk and Camphor. 
 
 R. Camphor. (Sp. Vin. subact.) gr. v. 
 Moschi gr. xv. 
 Succ. Bacc. Sambuci q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 See 
 
 Hartman, 
 
Class IX. ANTISPASMODICS. 249 
 
 Either in combination with camphor, as below, 
 or by itself, musk proves an admirable remedy in 
 various spasmodic complaints ; and particularly, as 
 Dr. Wall has shewn, in certain convulsive affec- 
 tions (such as hiccup and subsultus tendinum) 
 which accompany typhoid fevers. He prefers 
 the form of a bolus, as in this way the perfume 
 is not near so strong as in any other. Dr. Cullen 
 observes, that musk is one of the most powerful 
 antispasmodics that we are acquainted with. He 
 mentions a case of spasm of the pharynx, in which, 
 after other remedies had failed, musk afforded very 
 great relief. Aaskow and De Berger, two distin- 
 guished Swedish physicians, have used it with 
 great success in the hooping cough. The latter 
 prescribed it in doses of fifteen grains, every six 
 hours, and found that after six or eight doses, the 
 coughing fits were generally removed. The most 
 delicate children bore these large doses of the me- 
 dicine without inconvenience. To such patients 
 it is more conveniently given in a fluid form, than 
 jn that of a bolus. 
 
 In hydrophobia, which, in many respects is a 
 spasmodic disease, musk is considered as a prin- 
 cipal remedy. It is, no doubt, the most active 
 ingredient in the Tonquin medicine, so celebrated 
 among the Chinese for curing those that are bitten 
 by a mad dog ; nor are there wanting testimonies 
 of its efficacy in such cases from some of our own 
 practitioners. 
 
250 antispasmodics. Class IX. 
 
 We lament with Dr. Wall, that a medicine of 
 such consequence should be so frequently adul- 
 terated, and that the criteria of its genuineness 
 should be so ill settled. Dr. Cullen, who makes 
 a similar complaint, observes that he judged of its 
 goodness by the strength of its odour. Perfumes, 
 especially those derived from the animal kingdom^ 
 produce a powerful impression, soon after being 
 swallowed, upon the cerebral system. They are 
 not, however, (as in the <?ase of musk) always so- 
 luble in the gastric juice, and how they produce 
 their effect we are at a loss to explain. 
 
 Bolus with Mask and Salt of Hartshorn* 
 R. Moschi. 
 
 Sal. C. C. aa 3ss. 
 Cons. Ilos. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 To be taken every third hour. In mortifications, accompa- 
 nied with, or occasioned by convulsive spasms, or arising from 
 local injury, producing irritation. 
 
 White. 
 
 Would not a similar combination, but in dif- 
 ferent proportions, of opium and salt of hartshorn, 
 prove equally efficacious in the above-mentioned 
 species of gangrene ? This deserves to be tried ; 
 for as more than an ounce of the musk is some- 
 times required to finish the cure, the medicine is 
 so expensive that it cannot be turned to very ge- 
 neral use. 
 
Class IX. ANTISPASMODICS, 251 
 
 Camphor Bolus. 
 
 R. Camphor* 5ss. 
 
 Cons. Cynosb. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus. 
 To be taken at night. In maniacal cases. 
 
 Wl NT KIN'S HAM* 
 
 By repeating this medicine at first every night, 
 and afterwards (the dose heing reduced to a scruple) 
 every other night, the above-mentioned author 
 has cured several maniacs. The use of it should 
 be premised by due evacuations by stool, and by 
 the lancet. Some recommend nitre to be mixed 
 with it, in the proportion of ten grains of this 
 salt to a scruple of camphor, and others combine 
 it with vinegar, as in the camphor mixture farther 
 on. But although this medicine, whether given 
 alone or in conjunction with other remedies, has 
 sometimes afforded considerable relief, and even 
 brought about a cure in maniacal cases : it has 
 more frequently failed of producing either of those 
 good effects, and in a few instances it has turned 
 out hurtful. Upon the whole, therefore, camphor 
 seems to be a doubtful remedy in maniacal cases. 
 
 Electuary ivith Peruvian Bark and Valerian. 
 
 K. Pulv. Cinchon subt. 5J. 
 
 Rad. Valer. sylv. jij. 
 
 Syr. Aurant. Cor.t, q. s. 
 Jj T t fiat Electuarium. 
 
252 ANTISPASMODICS. Class IX,. 
 
 Dose, a drachm (or the size of a nutmeg) night and morn- 
 ing. To be persisted in for several months. In epilepsy. 
 
 Mead. 
 
 This electuary may likewise be employed with 
 advantage in chorea and other convulsive affec- 
 tions ; in which the Peruvian bark is an excellent 
 remedy, and will often effect a cure without the 
 help of the valerian, or any other medicine. 
 
 Musk Mixture, L. PL 
 Dose, from one to two ounces, every 2nd or 3d hour. 
 
 The proportion of musk in this prescription, 
 may be often increased with advantage, and a few 
 drops of water of ammonia, or spirit of ammonia, 
 either simple or succinated, are in some cases an 
 useful addition. Dr. Owen, of Shrewsbury, cured 
 a violent convulsive affection in a young lady, by 
 musk administered in this way, in doses of half a 
 drachm every four hours. ./Ether and opium are 
 moreover useful additions to it. 
 
 JEther Draught. 
 As under Stimulants. Joined with opium, 
 iBther has been administered with success by seve- 
 ral British practitioners, in the vomiting and hic- 
 cup so alarming in the Yellow Fever. 
 
 Draught with Castor and Decoction of Peruvian 
 Bark, 
 R. Decoct. Cinchonas 3J. 
 
Class TX. ANTISPASMODICS. 253 
 
 Castorei gr. viij. 
 M. F. Haustus. 
 To be given every -Hh hour. In the hooping-cough. 
 
 Morris. 
 
 This is a proper dose for a child eight or ten 
 years old. For patients under or beyond that age, 
 the quantity must be lessened or increased. 
 
 Draught with Valerian Powder, 
 
 R. Pulv. Rad. Valer. sylv. ^jss. 
 Cujusvis Aquae distillat. 51J. 
 Sp. Lavend. c. £ss. M. 
 To be taken thrice a day. In epilepsy. 
 
 Guy's Hosp. 
 
 Acidulated Camphor Mixture. 
 
 R. Camphorse. 
 
 G Arab, aa 5J. 
 Sacch. purificat. 5iij. 
 Simul tritis adde paulatim 
 Aceti calid. ^ss. 
 
 Cujusvis Aquae distillatae 5V1J. M. 
 To be consumed in the course of a day. In maniacal cases. 
 Varied from 
 
 Lochkr. 
 
 Mixture with Musk and Camphorated Tincture of 
 Opium. 
 R. Mist. Moschatae %v). [vel 5viiss.] 
 
 • Tinct. Op. Camph. (Tinct. Opii Ammoniatae, Ph. 
 Ed.) 5ss. 
 — — Vaier. ammoniat. 5J. M. 
 Dose, (one or) two spoonfuls 3 or 4- times a day. In hoop- 
 ing cough. (For children a tea spoonful, and young person* a 
 dessert spoonful will be a sufficient dose.) 
 
 Hugh Smith. 
 
254 antispasmodics. Class 1X< 
 
 Mixture with Inspissated Juice of Hemlock, 
 
 R. Succ. Cicutse spissat. gr. j. 
 Aq. purse 5 jss. 
 Syr. Althaeae ^ss. M. 
 Dose, a large spoonful. The whole to be consumed in a 
 day. In the hooping-cough. For children from six months 
 to two years old. 
 
 Butter, 
 
 Small additions of the inspissated Juice, or ex- 
 tract are to be made every day, or every other day, 
 till symptoms of relief appear. For a child under 
 six months, half a grain of the extract in an 
 ounce of water, sweetened with sugar, is a proper 
 quantity, to be consumed, in like manner, in the 
 course of a day. For every year above two years, 
 up to twenty, an addition of half a grain is to be 
 allowed. For patients beyond that age, ten grains 
 are a proper quantity for the first day's consump- 
 tion, the dose being afterwards gradually increased 
 according to its effect. If the patient should not 
 have two stools a day, a little magnesia or poly- 
 chrest salt, is to be added to the mixture; and if 
 the medicine should disagree, it may be given in 
 less quantity, or be discontinued for a time. 
 
 Infusion of Valerian and Rosemary. 
 
 R. Rad. Valer. sylv. |y. 
 Rorismarini 3SS. 
 Aq. ferventis ifeiv. 
 Macera vase clauso per sex horas. Liquori colato adde 
 Sp. Rorismarini sij. 
 3 
 
ClaSS IX. ANTISPASMODICS. 255 
 
 Dose, 3 or 4* ounces twice or thrice a day. In the same 
 cases as the powder of valerian. After the manner of the 
 
 Ed. Hosp. 
 
 Decoction of Orange Leaves. 
 
 R. Fol. Aurantii 5vij. 
 Aq. puree 3X. 
 Coque per iij horas vase clauso. Colaturae adde 
 Vini rubri §v. 
 
 Sacchar. puriticati quantum satis sit ad gratum sa- 
 porem. 
 Dose, 3 or 4 ounces 3 or 4 times a day. In the same cases 
 as the Powder of Orange leaves. See 
 
 De Haen. 
 
 Drops ivith Succinated Spirit of Ammonia and 
 
 jEther. 
 
 R. Sp. Ammonite succinat partem unam. 
 
 — jEther. Vitriol, comp. partes duas. M. 
 Dose, 30 or 40 drops in water, or mint-water. In hysteria, 
 chorea and other convulsive disorders. After the manner of 
 
 Banc. 
 
 Drops of Animal Oil, L. Ph. 
 Dose, from fifteen to thirty drops. 
 
 Drops of Amber Oil, L. Ph. 
 
 Dose, fifteen or twenty drops on a lump of sugar, washed 
 down with any weak liquor. In epilepsy, hysteria, &c. 
 
 Drops of Tincture of Amber, Swed. Ph. 
 
 Dose, forty, fifty, sixty drops. In the same cases as the 
 preceding. 
 
 We wonder that a similar preparation of amber 
 
loQ ANTISPASMODICS. Class IX. 
 
 has not been received into our pharmacopoeias. 
 The Swedish college direct their tincture to be 
 made, by digesting one ounce of amber in four 
 ounces of vitriolic aether ; whilst the amber tinc- 
 ture of the Danish Dispensatory is prepared from 
 two ounces of amber digested in a pint of Hoff- 
 mann's mineral anodyne liquor. 
 
 Drops with Tincture of Asafoetida and Tincture 
 of Castor. 
 
 K. Tinct. Asafetidae. 
 
 — - — Castorei aa §ss. 
 Liquor. Vol. C. C. 51J. M, 
 Dose, a tea spoonful in a glass of water. After 
 
 Hartman, 
 
 With the ingredients in varied proportions, this 
 prescription is an imitation of the Compound 
 Tincture of Castor of the Ed. Ph. but which 
 should have been termed Ammoriiated Tincture 
 of Castor. 
 
 Drops of Vitriolic jEther, {Sulphuric /Ether, 
 
 Ed. Ph.) 
 Dose, 60 or 80 drops on a lump of sugar. 
 
 Drops of Compound Spirit of Vitriolic JEther, 
 L. Ph. 
 
 Dose, 50 or 60 drops in any appropriate vehicle. 
 
 This is supposed to be a similar preparation with 
 Hoffman's celebrated anodyne liquor. 
 
 9 
 
Class IX. ANTISPASMODICS. 257 
 
 In the same manner may be given 
 
 Drops of Spirit of Ammonia, L. Ph. 
 
 Drops of Ammoniated Alkohol, Ed. Ph. 
 
 Drops of Foetid Spirit of Ammonia, L. Ph. 
 
 Drops of Foetid Ammoniated Alkohol, Ed. Ph. 
 
 Asafostida Clyster. 
 R. Asaefcetidae ^ij. 
 
 Decoct. Arenae 5* vel 3x13. 
 M. pro Enemate. 
 In hysteria, spasmodic colic, &c. 
 
 Eang. 
 
 Clyster with Oil of Aniseed. 
 R. Ol. Lini ibss. 
 — Anisi 5J. 
 M. F. Enema. 
 To be repeated according as required. In colic and flatu- 
 lency. With a reduced proportion of the essential oil, this is 
 from 
 
 Gaubius. 
 
 Musk Clyster. 
 R. Moschi gr. xij. 
 
 Sacchar. purificat. 9ij. 
 Pulv. G. Arab. 3j. 
 Simul tritis addantur 
 
 Jusculi cujusvis tenuis ^iv. 
 Ut flat Enema. 
 To be injected every 2 or 3 hours. For children seized with 
 convulsions. After the manner of 
 
 Wall. 
 
 s 
 
258 antispasmodics. Class IX* 
 
 The quantity of musk should be increased ac- 
 cording to the age of the patient. The above is 
 sufficient for one of 7 or 8 years. Thirty or 40 
 drops of spirit of ammonia (ammoniated alkohol, 
 Ed. Ph.) will often prove an useful addition to this 
 clyster. 
 
 Epithem ivith Confection of Opium. 
 
 R. Confect. Opiat. 5vj. 
 
 Sp. Camphorat. (Tinct. Camph. Ed. Ph.) 5X. 
 Acet. distillat. 3ij- 
 To be spread upon linen rag, and applied warm to the region 
 of the stomach. In vomitings, and spasmodic affections of 
 the stomach. After the manner of 
 
 WlNTRINGHAM. 
 
 Quicksilver Ointment. 
 As under Sialagogues. 
 
 In spasmodic affections of the oesophagus, and 
 of the neck of the bladder ; and in tetanus and 
 hydrophobia. 
 
 Cummin Plaster, L. Ph. 
 
 Compound Plaster of Labdanum, L. PL 
 
 Asafcelida Plaster, Ed. Ph. 
 
 Opiate Plaster. 
 As under Narcotics. 
 
 Hemlock Plaster. 
 As under Narcotics. 
 
'Class IX. ANTISPASMODICS. 25Q 
 
 Henbane Plaster. 
 As under Narcotics, 
 
 These plasters may be applied to the region of 
 the stomach, or to the umbilical region, in spas- 
 modic affections of the stomach and bowels, in 
 hysteria, &c. 
 
 Compound Liniment of Camphor, L. Ph, 
 
 Opiate Liniment, Ed. Ph. 
 
 Electrisation. 
 
 Amongst the diseases in which electricity is es- 
 pecially useful, by its antispasmodic effects, may 
 be mentioned chorea, epilepsy, catalepsy, wry 
 neck, &c. 
 
 Tobacco Clyster ; 
 and 
 Tobacco-Smoke Clyster. 
 As under Cathartics. 
 
 Rubbing the Parts affected with Tincture of Can- 
 
 tharides. 
 Tincture of Opium. 
 
 s 2 
 
CLASS X. 
 NARCOTICS. 
 
 Narcotics are medicines which diminish sen- 
 sibility and irritability, abate pain, and induce stu- 
 por or sleep. They are also termed Anodynes 
 and Hypnotics. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Narcotics* 
 
 Aconitum Aconitum Napclhts. 
 
 Aconite. Monkshood. 
 Belladonna Atropa Belladonna. 
 
 Deadly Nightshade. 
 Camphora Lauras Camphor a. 
 
 Camphor. 
 Cicuta Conium maculatum. 
 
 Hemlock. 
 Digitalis Digitalis purpurea. 
 
 Foxglove. 
 Hyoscyamus Hyoscyamus 7iiger, 
 
 Henbane. 
 Nicotiana ". Nicotiana Tabacum. 
 
 Tobacco. 
 Opium Yammer somnifcrum. 
 
 Opium. 
 Stramonium Datura Stramonium. 
 
 Thorn-apple. 
 
 Gas hydrogenium. 
 Hydrogen gas. 
 
Class X. NARCOTICS. 261 
 
 Gas Hydrogenium carbonatum. 
 Carbonated hydrogen gas. 
 
 Powder ivith Inspissated Juice of Aconitr. 
 As under Diaphoretics. 
 
 Opiate Powdery L. and Ed. PL 
 Dose , from five to ten grains. 
 
 Powder with Ipecacuanha and Opium. 
 As under Diaphoretics. 
 
 Opium Pills, L. Ph. 
 Give for a dose, three, four, or five grains, to be repeated 
 as often as the urgency of the case requires. 
 
 Pills ivith Opium and Pepper. 
 Give of the Opiate Pills, Ed. Ph. from 5 to 1 5 grs. for a dose. 
 
 The dose of opium for adults, is, at a medium, 
 says Dr. Cullen, 1 gr. (or 5 grs. of the first, and 
 10 grs. of the 2nd pills) but, adds the same author, 
 it is often safe and proper to give more than a grain ; 
 and whenever there is any irritation in the system 
 to be overcome, it is commonly necessary to go still 
 further. Thus, if moderate doses, which should 
 always be begun with, do not answer, they 
 must be repeated and increased, till the desired 
 effect is obtained ; and in this way the doses of 
 this drug may be pushed with safety to a very 
 great length. In a case of gout in the stomach 
 he has gone by degrees to the quantity of ten 
 
 3 
 
262 XARCOTics. Class X. 
 
 grains twice a day ; and in tetanus, hydrophobia, 
 mania, and the venereal disease, it has been given 
 in still larger doses. Dr. Binns, of Liverpool, has 
 given as much as two scruples of solid opium at 
 one dose^ in mania ; and some other practitioners 
 of the same place have given it as profusely in 
 this disorder; and as we are told with good effect. 
 But we think it right to wait for further testimo- 
 nies of its safety and efficacy, before we recom- 
 mend it to be prescribed in maniacal or other cases, 
 in such hazardous quantities. The free exhibition 
 of opium in some of the cases just mentioned, as 
 well as in intermittents, cholera morbus, typhoid 
 fevers, and gangrene, (not to mention its em- 
 ployment in abortions and difficult parturition) 
 may be reckoned among the greatest improvements 
 in the modern practice of physic. At the same 
 time we must not conceal that the greatest abuses 
 prevail in regard to the administration of this va^ 
 luable drug ; which is too frequently prescribed in 
 inflammatory and plethoric cases, when accom- 
 panied with pain, before venesection or other 
 modes of depletion have been resorted to ; whence 
 all the symptoms become aggravated. In like 
 manner it is often exhibited too soon, and too 
 largely in cases of visceral obstruction, and dysen- 
 tery. In many of these cases antimonials and 
 other Diaphoretics are advantageously joined with 
 the opium. 
 
 Attempts have lately been made to prepare 
 
Class X NARCOTICS. 263 
 
 opium from poppies cultivated in Great Britain ; 
 for the encouragement of which attempts, pre- 
 miums have been offered and awarded by the 
 Adelphi Society. Of such British opium some 
 samples have been found to produce the same 
 narcotic effects as the genuine Oriental opium, 
 when given in a double or triple quantity. But 
 although this has been proved to be the fact with 
 regard to some specimens ; the trials made with 
 other parcels have not been equally satisfactory; 
 so that upon the whole, the use of the British 
 opium (which is so liable to variation from the 
 unfavourable state of the weather in this climate) 
 is not to be recommended. 
 
 Pills of the Inspissated Juice of Henbane, 
 
 R. Succ. Hyoscyami spissat. 3ss. 
 Pulv. Rad. Glycyrrhiz. q. s. 
 Ut fiant Pilulae x. 
 One or two to be given night and morning. In spasmodic, 
 maniacal, and painful affections. See 
 
 Stoerck. 
 
 From one grain, the dose of this extract may, in 
 some cases, be gradually increased till as much as 
 a scruple, or even half a drachm of it is taken in 
 the course of a day. Dr. Cullen says, he seldom 
 found the soporiferous ov anodyne effects appear, 
 till he had proceeded to doses of eight or ten 
 grains, and that he often found it necessary to go 
 on to fifteen or twenty grains. It has net been 
 
264 narcotics. Class X, 
 
 so much employed amongst us as it deserves to 
 be. Dr. Anthony Fothergill, of Bath, has pre- 
 scribed it with success in certain cases of insanity. 
 He began with nVe grains of the extract night 
 and morning, and gradually increased the quan- 
 tity to thirty grains and upwards in the day. It 
 w T as found, however, that when more than thirty 
 grains were given in that space of time, disagree- 
 able symptoms, such as vertigo and drowsiness, 
 w r ere occasioned. Dr. Donald Monro mentions, 
 that a young lady labouring under a deep con- 
 sumption, took every night at bed time, for some 
 months, six grains of this extract, which pro- 
 cured her rest, without heating her, or making 
 her uneasy in the night, as opiates had always 
 done. Seeing that it often induces sleep when 
 opium fails, and that instead of constipating the 
 bowels, it rather tends to keep them open, we 
 cannot but consider it as a very useful narcotic ; 
 and, though some practitioners have been disap- 
 pointed in its effects (but what medicine in such 
 cases will always succeed) we think it ought to 
 have been admitted into our college pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Hemlock Pills. 
 
 It. Sncc. Cicutae spissat. 5J. 
 Pulv. Fol. Cicutae q. s. 
 Ut fiant Pilulse, qunrum singulae ij grana habeant. 
 Dose, at first, one pill night and morning j to be afterwards 
 increased by degrees to as much as the constitution will bear. 
 In scirrhous, scrophulous, and cancerous affections, and in olij 
 ulcers. 
 
 &TOEIICK. 
 
Class X NARCOTICS. 265 
 
 In some instances the close of this medicine has 
 been gradually increased to as much as two or 
 three drachms in the course of a day. To the list 
 of diseases in which hemlock has heen found use- 
 ful, may be added syphilis, lepra, rheumatism, 
 hooping-cough. The Abbe Mann cured himself 
 of the gout, by taking the extract of this plant. 
 The powder of the dried leaves is preferred by 
 some practitioners to the extract. Of the powder, 
 the dose is from ten to twenty grains twice or 
 thrice a day. Nausea, vomitings, vertigo, diar- 
 rhoea, &c. are signs of an over dose of the me- 
 dicine. 
 
 The Peruvian bark, in some cases, and muriated 
 quicksilver in others, have been given with great 
 advantage, in conjunction with the extract of hem- 
 lock. 
 
 Draught with Tincture of Opium. 
 
 It. Aq. Cinnamom. |i. 
 Tinct. Opii gtt. xv. 
 M. F. Haustus. 
 After the manner of 
 
 Si" den ham. 
 
 The quantity of tincture may be doubled or tri- 
 pled, according to circumstances. Very large 
 doses of the tincture have lately been given by 
 some practitioners in cases of tetanus. 
 
 In many cases in which opiates are indicated, 
 the stomach is exceedingly irritable^ and is dis- 
 
266 narcotics. Class X 
 
 posed to reject whatever is thrown into it in any 
 considerable quantity ; hence the propriety of ad- 
 ministering the medicine in a form as little bulky 
 as possible. Opium, after being rejected, when 
 exhibited in a liquid state, is frequently found re- 
 tainable if given in the form of pills. 
 
 Draught with Tincture of Opium and Syrup of 
 
 Poppy. 
 
 R. Aq. purse ^jss. 
 Sp. Cinnamom. 
 Syr. Papav. alb. aa ^ij. 
 Tinct. Opii gtt. xv vel xx. M. 
 To be given during the hot fit of intermitting fevers. After 
 the manner of 
 
 Lind. 
 
 From a very extensive practice, Dr. Lind has 
 found that opium given in the hot fit of an inter- 
 mittent, 1 . Shortens and abates the fit; 2. gene- 
 rally relieves the head, takes off the burning heat, 
 and occasions a profuse sweat, attended with an 
 agreeable softness of the skin; 3. often induces a 
 soft and refreshing sleep, from which the patient 
 awakes bathed in sweat, and in a great measure 
 free from complaint. Since he has used opium in 
 agues, he has seldom found a dropsy or jaundice 
 come on in such cases. If the patient be delirious 
 in the fit, the administration of the opiate ought 
 to be delayed till he recovers his senses. When 
 the patient was costive, and was to take the bark 
 
Class X. narcotics. 267 
 
 immediately after the fit, the opiate was generally 
 given in about two ounces of aloetic wine. When 
 a vomit is given just before the fit, the administra- 
 tion of the opiate after it should be postponed till 
 the hot fit is begun. 
 
 The beneficial effects of opium in agues have 
 been further confirmed by Trotter, Clark, and 
 other army and navy practitioners; some of whom 
 have directed it to be taken just before the ex- 
 pected return of the paroxysm, in doses of 40 
 drops and upwards. 
 
 Draught with Tincture of Opium and JEther. 
 R. Cujusvis aquae distillat. 5JSS. 
 Tinct. Opii. gtt. xx. 
 
 iEther. Vitr. (/Ether. Sulphurici, Ph. Ed.) gtt. xxx. 
 M. F. Haustus. 
 In typhoid fevers. 
 
 Martin Wall. 
 
 The proportion of aether may be increased to 
 40 drops, and that of opium diminished to 12 or 
 3 5, according to circumstances. Where there is 
 no subsultus tendinum or other symptom indi- 
 cating the use of antispasmodics the Spirit of Vi- 
 triolic iEther (Sulphuric iEther with Alkohol, Ed. 
 Ph.) may be prescribed in place of the pure asther. 
 
 Respecting the administration of opiates in fe- 
 vers of the typhus kind, it is to be remarked, that 
 they are too commonly over-dosed. The pre- 
 ceding draught is intended as a full dose at night; 
 but in most instances of the advanced stage of 
 
208 NARCOTICS. Class X. 
 
 such fevers, it will be proper to prescribe through- 
 out the day, about a 4th part of the above-stated 
 quantity, repeating its exhibition at intervals of 3 
 or 4 hours. 
 
 Opiate Mixture, 
 
 II. Opii pnrificat. 3ss. 
 Extr. Chamaemel. 5Jss. 
 Aq. Cinnamorn. §vijss. M. 
 The sixth part of this mixture to be given every fourth hour, 
 so that the whole be consumed in the space of twenty hours. 
 In the colica pictonum. 
 
 Stoll. 
 
 The agreement of this physicians practice in 
 the above-mentioned species of colic, with that 
 of Dr. Warren, has been already noticed under 
 Cathartics. This mode of administering the 
 opiate seems preferable to the exhibition of it in 
 a solid state, because it is likely to operate sooner, 
 and preferable also to its solution in spirit of wine, 
 in which form the opium cannot be given in such 
 large doses, on account of the heating effects of 
 the spirit. It is, however, no new mode of em- 
 ploying the medicine, for Sydenham used to pre- 
 scribe, especially for children, a watery solution of 
 this narcotic. Besides the bitter extract, Dr. 
 Stoll's original prescription contains some syrup 
 of chamomile, and ten grains of camphor ; but 
 we have omitted both, since the former only 
 serves to render the medicine thick and inelegant, 
 
Class X. NARCOTICS. *()() 
 
 and the latter, as be himself acknowledges, is by 
 no means necessary. Accordingly, though he 
 added the camphor when he first tried this me- 
 thod, yet on further experience he left it out. 
 
 Dr. Bang, of Copenhagen, relates a remarkable 
 case of tetanus, which was cured by large quanti- 
 ties of opium given in the form of a watery solu- 
 tion. He began with four grains dissolved in 
 three ounces of balm water, of which a large 
 spoonful was ordered to be taken every two hours. 
 The next day, six grains were dissolved in four 
 ounces of the same vehicle ; on the fourth day, 
 nine grains were dissolved in six ounces of the 
 water; on the fifth day, twelve grains in six 
 ounces; and in this manner the proportion of 
 opium was gradually increased, till at length the 
 patient took upwards of thirty grains in the space 
 of twenty-four hours. During this use of the 
 opium, laxative clysters (in which also a few 
 grains of opium were occasionally dissolved) were 
 employed. At the end of seventeen days the 
 spasms disappeared, and the patient was free from 
 complaint. 
 
 Hemlock Mixture. 
 R. Succ. Cicutse spissat. 5SS. 
 Cujtisvis aq. distillat. gvij. 
 Syr.Papav. alb. 5j. M. 
 Dose, a table spoonful 3 or 4 times a day. In the sam? 
 cases as the Hemlock Pills. With a reduced proportion of the 
 inspissated juice, this is from 
 
 Collin-. 
 
270 NARCOTICS. Class X 
 
 The inspissated juice or extract of hemlock, sits 
 best on the stomach when given in pills, or any 
 other solid form, which is therefore generally to be 
 preferred. It is only in cancerous affections of the 
 throat, or in cases of difficult deglutition from 
 other causes, or when the patient (which some- 
 times happens) has an obstinate dislike to pills, 
 that the physician thinks of prescribing it, as in 
 the above formula, in a liquid state. 
 
 The dose of the mixture, and the proportion of 
 extract in it, may be gradually increased till as 
 much as a drachm or more of the inspissated hem- 
 lock juice be consumed in a day. The above- 
 mentioned physician generally began w r ith two 
 spoonfuls ; but it is more prudent to prescribe 
 only half that quantity (i. e. about two grains of 
 the extract) at first setting out, doubling and 
 tripling the dose afterwards, according to its 
 effects. 
 
 Tincture of Aconite, 
 As under Diaphoretics. 
 
 Tincture of Digitalis. 
 As under Diuretics ; where the use of this 
 medicine in hydropic cases has been duly no- 
 ticed. In this place, it is proper -to consider its 
 employment in diseases accompanied with in- 
 creased sensibility and irritability ; such as phthi- 
 sis, hcemoptoe, scrophula, mania, &c. That it 
 
Class X. NARCOTICS. 271 
 
 has afforded much relief in a great number of 
 these cases, and even effected a cure when com- 
 bined with other remedies, in several of these dis- 
 orders, we are fully convinced : on the other 
 hand, we must not conceal that it has more fre- 
 quently failed. In pulmonary consumption, in 
 particular, its virtues have been much over-rated ; 
 and in the last stage of this disorder it is rarely 
 admissible, in consequence of its depressing power; 
 besides that at such a period of the complaint, it 
 impedes expectoration, without restraining the 
 colliquative sweats. Yet in the earlier stages, it 
 generally abates the frequency of the pulse, mo- 
 derating the hectic heat and cough so harassing 
 and exhausting to the patient ; and favours the ac- 
 tion of restorative and strengthening medicines. 
 In these and other cases, it is frequently joined 
 with advantage to opiates, expectorants, tonics^ 
 and antispasmodics. The doses of this tincture 
 have been already noticed in the place above re- 
 ferred to ; yet it is proper to remark, that more 
 caution (if possible) is required during its exhibi- 
 tion in cases of phthisis and other pulmonary 
 affections, than in most dropsical cases ; hence it 
 should be prescribed for those affections in smaller 
 doses, viz. from 5 to 15 drops. On the other hand 
 these quantities may be considerably increased in 
 cases of mania, where 60 drops or more may be 
 given for a dose. 
 
272 narcotics. Class X. 
 
 Extract of Tobacco. 
 As under Expectorants. 
 
 Opiate Collyrium. 
 
 R. Opii gr. ]. 
 
 Camphorae gr. v. 
 Muc. G. Arab. §j. 
 Misceantur pro Collyrio. 
 With an increased proportion of camphor, this is from the 
 
 Ph. Bonuss. Castiw 
 
 Poppy Fomentation. 
 
 R. Capit. Papav. alb. 3jj. 
 Flor. Sambuci ^ss. 
 Decoque ex Aq. purse Ibiij ad Ibij 5 dein cola. 
 
 Ed. Hosp. 
 
 Hemlock Fomentation. 
 R. Herb. Cicutae §j. 
 
 Decoque ex Aq. purse tfcijss. ad ibij, et cola. 
 In this decoction, while warm, dip flannels and apply them 
 to the parts affected. In open cancers, foul ulcers, and vene- 
 real sores. See 
 
 Collin. 
 
 Hemlock Poultice. 
 
 R. Medullae panis. 
 
 Fol. Cicutae aa §iij. 
 Coquantur in Lactis vaccin. q. s. 
 Ut fiat Cataplasma. 
 To h% applied to the breasts, or other parts, affected with 
 cancer. Varied from 
 
 Plenck. 
 
C/ass X. NARCOTICS. 273 
 
 Ten or twelve grains of opium dissolved by trituration in a 
 small quantity of water, may be occasionally added. 
 
 Opiate Plaster. 
 
 R. Emplastr. Lithargyri, Ph. L. 3J. 
 Opii purificat. 3j. 
 Misceantur ut fiat Emplastrum. 
 After the manner of the 
 
 Disp. Fuld. 
 
 Hemlock Plaster* 
 R. Cerae flavae 3'iij. 
 Ol. Oliv. Bij- 
 Gum. Ammoniac. 5'ij. 
 Simul liquatis admisce Herb. Cicutae exsiccatae et in 
 pulverem tritae 5'iij. 
 
 Pn. Suec. 
 
 In the same manner is prepared the 
 
 Henbane Plaster. 
 
 Both these plasters are suited to scirrhous, can- 
 cerous, and scrophulous tumours. 
 
 Epithem of Tincture of Opium. 
 Rub the part affected with Tincture of Opium. Applied 
 in this manner, opium has been found to give relief in pains 
 and spasms of the stomach and intestines. See 
 
 CULLEN'. 
 
 Opiate Liniment. 
 Rub the pained part with the Tincture of Soap with Opium, 
 Ed. Ph. 
 
 T 
 
274 narcotics. Class X- 
 
 Opiate Clyster. 
 
 R. Opii purificat. gr. ij. 
 Decoct. C. C. 51V. 
 M. F. Enema. 
 
 St. Thos. Kosp, 
 
 To prevent their being returned too soon, opiate 
 clysters, as Dr. Cullen has remarked, should never 
 be made of more bulk than that of three, or at 
 most four ounces of liquid, and this of a very mild 
 kind. Three drachms of gum arabic, dissolved in 
 three ounces of water, give, he says, a proper and 
 ready preparation for that purpose. Gruel or 
 starch-gelly may be employed in like manner. 
 Clysters of this kind are of excellent use in diar- 
 rhoeas, colics, tetanus, and, in a word, in all 
 cases where the required anodyne cannot be given 
 by the mouth. In cases of tetanus, the propor- 
 tion of opium may sometimes be increased to six, 
 eight, or ten grains. In cases of violent colic, 
 attended with vomiting and obstinate constipation 
 of the bowels, opium injected into the intestines 
 does not, as Dr. Percival observes, check their 
 peristaltic motion, nor counteract the operation 
 of any purgative so powerfully, as when received 
 into the stomach. The clysters used by this last 
 mentioned author, consist of three or four ounces 
 of a strong decoction of poppy-heads, with from 
 twenty to forty drops of tincture of opium ; but 
 
Class X. NARCOTICS. 275 
 
 there is more simplicity, as well as more certainty, 
 in the preparation recommended by Dr. Cullen. 
 For other forms of opiate clysters, see Demul- 
 cents. 
 
 t 2 
 
CLASS XL 
 
 ANTHELMINTICS, 
 
 Anthelmintics are medicines which are em- 
 ployed to destroy and bring away worms from the 
 alimentary canal. They are also termed Vermi- 
 fuges. 
 
 Enumeration of the principal Anthelmintics. 
 
 Allium Allium sativum. 
 
 Garlick. 
 Asafcetida Ferula Asqfatida. 
 
 Asafcetida. 
 Campbora Laurus Camphora. 
 
 Camphor. 
 Dolichos (Stizolobium) Dolichos pruriens. 
 
 Co witch. 
 Filix. ..... Polypodium Fills mas. 
 
 Male Fern. 
 Gambogia Stalagmitis Ca?nbogioidts? 
 
 Gamboge. 
 Geoffroea Geoffroea biennis. 
 
 Cabbagebark tree. 
 Gratiola Gratiola officinalis. 
 
 Hedge Hyssop. 
 Jalapium Convolvulus Jalap a. 
 
 Jalap. 
 Juglans Juglans regia. 
 
 Walnut. 
 , Nicotiana Nicotiana Tabacum. 
 
 Tobacco 
 
Class XL ANTHELMINTICS. 2/7 
 
 Spigelia Spigelia Marilandka, 
 
 Carolina Pink. 
 Tanacetum Tanacetum vulgarc. 
 
 Tansy. 
 
 Natron muriatum Murias Sodae, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Muriated Natron (Sea Salt.) Muriate of Soda. 
 
 Calomel Submurias Hydrargyri, Ph. Ed. 
 
 Calomel. Submuriate of Quicksilver. 
 
 Ferrum ejusque praeparata. 
 
 Iron and its preparations. 
 Stannum. 
 
 Tin. 
 
 Cathartics. 
 
 Cathartics. 
 
 Poivder of the Male Fern Root. 
 
 Give of Powdered Male Fern Root, from one to three 
 drachms in a large cupful of any distilled water, early in the 
 morning. If the stomach should reject it, the powder must be 
 repeated again, as soon as the sickness is gone off, in the same 
 quantity. When it has been upon the stomach about two 
 hours, a strong cathartic bolus made of calomel and gamboge 
 (eight or ten grains of the last, and five or six grains of the 
 first) must be taken, and worked off with a draught of green 
 tea every now and then ; and its operation may be still farther 
 promoted, if necessary, by half an ounce or six drachms of 
 salts, dissolved in warm water. Till the worm comes away, 
 which commonly happens on the same day, the patient is to 
 take nothing but broth. If, however, the worm should not 
 be discharged, either wholly or in part, the powder is to be 
 repeated, with the same regimen, the next day. In the tape- 
 
 WptflX), 
 
 KbuBVJER 
 
178 ANTHELMINTICS. Class XI. 
 
 It is said that the powder loses its virtue by 
 keeping. We cannot help subscribing to the 
 general opinion, that the Noufferian method of 
 destroying the taenia, owes most of its success to 
 the mercurial bolus. An account of another 
 method of giving the Fern-root, in combination 
 with other powerful Anthelmintics, is inserted in 
 Dr. Duncan s New Dispensatory, p. 286. 
 
 Powder of Carolina Pink-root. 
 
 Give of Powdered Spigelia-root, from 10 to 20 grs. morn- 
 ing and evening. For children from two to twelve years old. 
 
 Garden. 
 
 To adults the spigelia-root may be given in 
 doses from a scruple to a drachm, or more. If it 
 does not prove sufficiently purgative of itself, its 
 operation must be assisted by rhubarb and calomel. 
 Vertigo, dimness of sight, stupor, and redness 
 and pain in the eyes, sometimes come on during 
 the u^e of this medicine; but these symptoms 
 are, in general, easily removed by the exhibition 
 of a warm purge. However, as there have been 
 instances of its deleterious effects, it should be 
 administered with caution, and not till after safer 
 vermifuges have been tried in vain. Another 
 species of spigelia, viz. the Spigelia Anthelmia, 
 Worm-grass, which grows in the island of Do- 
 minica, is stated by Dr. Jas. Clark, (in Dr. Sim- 
 mons' s Medical Facts, Vol. 7th) to possess simi- 
 lar anthelmintic powers with the former species. 
 
 3 
 
Class XL ANTHELMINTICS. V§ 
 
 A syrup is made by infusing the whole plant in 
 boiling water, to which a quantity of the rinds of 
 sour oranges or lemons is added, and some of the 
 juice also ; this is afterwards strrined and boiled 
 to the consistence of syrup with muscovado sugar. 
 A handful of the plant to a gallon of water is the 
 usual quantity, infused or rather simmered until 
 one 4th has evaporated, when the sugar and other 
 additions are made. A table spoonful or two of 
 this syrup, given to a child from 2 to years of 
 age, thrice a day for 2 successive days, with a 
 proper dose of 01. Ricini the day after, seldom 
 fail to bring away a number of lumbrici or round 
 worms ; to which children in warm climates are 
 remarkably liable. During its use, it is necessary 
 to confine the patients in a dark room, as the 
 light makes them giddy, the pupils of their eyes 
 being dilated in an astonishing manner. When 
 over dosed it produces the same alarming symp- 
 toms as the Spigelia inarilandica ; and has some- 
 times proved fatal. It is therefore a medicine 
 which should not be resorted to, on ordinary oc- 
 casions, nor without the utmost caution. 
 
 Powder of Rust of Iron. 
 
 Give of Rust of Iron, (Carbonate of Iron, Ed. Ph.) from 
 five to thirty grains every morning. For children between one 
 year and ten years old, 
 
 Rush. 
 
 Of all the worm medicines that I have adminis- 
 
280 ANTHELMINTICS. Class XL 
 
 tered, says this author, I know of none more safe 
 and certain than the simple preparations of iron, 
 whether they be given in the form of steel-filings, 
 or of rust of iron (carbonate of iron.) If ever 
 they fail of success, it is because they are given 
 in too small doses. Taught by an old sea captain, 
 who was cured of a taenia by this medicine, Dr. 
 Rush has given (to adults) from two drachms to 
 half an ounce of it, every morning, for three or 
 four days, not only with safety, but with success. 
 Treacle, or gelly, are proper vehicles to give me- 
 dicines of this kind in, to children ; but they must 
 not be mixed with them till the moment they are 
 to be taken, otherwise the vehicle itself will taste 
 strongly of the metal. 
 
 Powder of Tartarised Iron. 
 
 Give of Tartarised Iron, L. Ph. five grains in a glass of 
 milk and water, night and morning. For children. See 
 
 Nicola i. 
 
 The Ferrum tartarisatum, Ph. L. is a triple salt, 
 being compounded of crystals of tartar (supertar- 
 trite of potass^) and oxyd of iron ; i. e. being a 
 tartrite of potass and iron. It is not easy to make 
 children take such a medicine, though it is the 
 least unpleasant of all chalybeates. It cannot be 
 forme4 into pills. To adults it may be given 
 in the quantity of a scruple or half a drachm at 
 a time. 4 
 
Class XL ANTHELMINTICS. 2&1 
 
 Powder with Tansy and VUriolated Iron. 
 
 R. Flor. Tanacet. 
 
 Sem. Santonici, aa partes iij. 
 Ferr. Vitr. (Sulphat. Ferri, Ph. Ed.) partem j. 
 M. F. Pulvis. 
 Dose, from ten to thirty grains. 
 
 Ph. Gene v. 
 
 As this powder has a place in most of the foreign 
 pharmacopoeias, it is presumable that it is of ap- 
 proved efficacy. 
 
 Powder with Rhubarb and Calomel. 
 
 R. Pulv. Rhabarb. 5s*. 
 
 Calomel. (Submuriat. Hydrarg. Ph. Ed.) gr. xij. 
 M. F. Pulvis. 
 Give for a dose. For the round worms, which accompany 
 bilious fevers. 
 
 Pll INGLE,, 
 
 Who says, he never observed any inconvenience 
 from so large a dose of mercury. He adds, that 
 such anthelmintics as act slowly, and do not purge, 
 seemed to have little chance in the above-men- 
 tioned cases, as the symptoms were generally so 
 urgent as to require some quicker remedy. 
 
 Tin Electuary. 
 R. Pulv. Stanni, (5VJ vel) Jj. 
 
 Sacchari liquidi (Melasses) %\v. M. 
 Give for one dose, early in the morning, upon an empty 
 stomach. The day following (three drachms or) half an ounce 
 of the powdered tin, mixed with two Ounces of treacle, must 
 
aW ANTHELMINTICS. Class XL 
 
 be given, and the third day (three drachms or) half an ounce 
 more. For the tape and gourd worm. 
 
 Alstox. 
 
 The day before the first dose, and the day after 
 the last dose of the medicine, the patient is to be 
 purged with an infusion of senna and manna. 
 This powder immediately cures the pain in the 
 stomach, occasioned by worms, though it brings 
 them not away till some days after. Is this so 
 safe a medicine as it is generally believed to be? 
 
 Powder of Muriated Natron. 
 
 R. Natr. Muriat. (Muriat. Sodae, Ph. Ed.) 31J. 
 Coccinellae 3ij. 
 M. F. Pulvis. 
 Dose, half a drachm, upon an empty stomach in the morn^ 
 ing. 
 
 Rush. 
 
 He says he has administered many pounds of 
 common salt in this way, with great success, in 
 destroying worms. 
 
 Garlic Cloves. 
 
 Two or three to be swallowed in a morning, for a length of 
 time. 
 
 Roslnstein. 
 
 By the use of this simple remedy, a large por- 
 tion of taenia was brought away, in the case of a 
 lady under this physician's care. Garlic has also 
 been given with advantage by other practitioners, 
 
Class Xt. ANTHELMINTICS. 
 
 in common worm cases, boiled In milk. Another 
 way of giving these bulbs, is to chop them with 
 butter, and then spread them upon bread. In any 
 form, however^ garlic is too heating a medicine 
 for children. 
 
 Jsnfceiida Pills. 
 
 R. Asaefcetidae 5J. 
 
 Dividatur in Pilulas, .quarum singular gratia ij ha* 
 beant. 
 Give 2 or 3 in a morning. 
 
 Bang. 
 
 Pills with Asafoztida and Iron. 
 
 R. Assefoetidae 51J. 
 
 Ferr. Vitr. leviter calcinat. (Sulphat. Fcni, Ph. 
 
 Ed.) ^ss. 
 Rad, Scillae rec. gr. v. 
 Cum tantillo Vit. Ovi [vel Muc. G. Arab.] subacta 
 redige in Pilulas, singulas gr. iv. 
 Dose, two every three hours of the. day, in some wine and 
 water. Suited to cases of taenia. 
 
 Gaueius. 
 
 In the third Levclen edition, 176/? of this au- 
 thor's Libellus de Methodo concinnandi Formulas, 
 the fresh squill is set down in this prescription ; 
 but it is probable that the dried root was originally 
 intended; otherwise this ingredient, in so small a 
 quantity, can be of no sort of use. 
 
 Bolus with Gamboge and Calomel. 
 R. Gambogiae gr. viij. 
 
284 ANTHELMINTICS. Class XL 
 
 Calom. (Submuriat. Hydrarg. Vh. Ed.) gr. v. 
 Oxymel. Scillae q. s. 
 Ut fiat Bolus* 
 To be taken in a morning. After 
 
 NtCOLAl. 
 
 Werlhofs remedy for the tape- worm, was gam- 
 boge alone. He used to give it in a morning, to 
 the quantity of twenty grains, mixed with a little 
 sugar and water, repeating the same, if necessary, 
 the next day, and even the third day. He never 
 observed any harm to arise from these large doses, 
 the patients being generally as well as ever the day 
 after the exhibition of the medicine. 
 
 Cowitch Electuary. 
 
 R. Pubis rigidae legumin. Dolich. 5SS. 
 
 Syrup, cujusvis vel Sacchari liquid! Melasses 
 
 dicti q. s. 
 
 Utfht Electuarium. 
 
 Dose, a tea spoonful to a child of 5 or 3 years old, in a 
 
 morning, and to be repeated two succeeding mornings. For 
 
 the round worm. 
 
 Bancroft. 
 
 After the third taking of the medicine, a dose 
 of rhubarb is usually subjoined. To adults, double 
 the quantity above stated may be prescribed at a 
 time. Other practitioners direct the medicine to 
 be taken at bed time, working it off with a purge 
 in the morning. It is said to be a perfectly safe 
 remedy; and that two or three doses generally 
 suffice. See also Chamberlayne on the .Stizolo- 
 bium or Cowhage. 
 
Class XL ANTHELMINTICS. 285 
 
 Linclus ivilk Jalap and Valerian. 
 
 R. Pulv. Jalapii. 
 
 Rad. Valer. 
 
 Kali vitr. (Sulphat Potassae, Ph. Ed.) aa 5J. 
 Oxymel. Scillae 5'iv. M. 
 Dose, for children a tea spoonful 5 for adults a table spoonful. 
 
 Stoerck. 
 
 Mixture with Oil and Spirit of Ammonia. 
 
 II. OL Oliv. ftss. 
 
 Sp. Ammon. c. (Alkohol ammoniat. aromat. Ph. 
 Ed.) 5 ij. M. 
 Dose, three spoonfuls night and morning. 
 
 Wall. 
 
 It is recommended to use this remedy in as large 
 doses as the stomach will bear ; to which purpose 
 it may be advisable to join it either with aroma- 
 tics, bitters, or essential oils, such as the case may 
 require. Andry orders the oil to be taken fasting, 
 assigning this for a reason, that the stomach being 
 then most empty,, it more readily envelops and 
 stifles the worms. Daring this course, it will be 
 necessary at proper intervals, to give rhubarb, 
 mercurial or aloetic medicines. Dr. Wall says, 
 that he has given oil in this manner with good 
 success, in several cases (three of which he re- 
 lates) and he therefore recommends a further 
 trial of it, especially since it is a remedy which 
 may be used with safety in almost any quantity ; 
 a character, he adds, which very few of the an- 
 thelmintic medicines deserve. 
 
28$ ANTHELMINTICS. ClaSS XL 
 
 Infusion a f Hedge Hyssop, 
 As under Cathartics. 
 
 Decoction of Geoffraa Bark, 
 
 K. Cort. GeofFraeae 5J. 
 Aq. purse Ibij. 
 Coque lento igne donee liquor colorem succini vel 
 vini maderaiei exhibeat ; dein cola, admisto saccharo. 
 Dose, for adults, 4 table spoonfuls ; for children two or 
 three years old, one table spoonful ; and so in proportion to- 
 the ages and strength of the patients. 
 
 Wright. 
 
 The above-mentioned doses are such as are pro- 
 per at first ; bat if they do not excite nausea, they 
 may be increased till that effect is produced. Dur- 
 ing the operation of this medicine (whose chief 
 effect is to purge briskly) the patient must guard 
 against drinking cold water, which is apt to occa- 
 sion very disagreeable symptoms. Whenever such 
 symptoms come on, either from that cause, or 
 from an over-dose of the medicine, recourse must 
 be had to purging with castor oil, and dilution 
 with water, acidulated with lemon juice, or some 
 other vegetable acid. This medicine may also be 
 given in the form of a syrup, which is made by 
 adding a sufficient quantity of sugar to the decoc- 
 tion. The dose of both is the same. Another 
 species of Geoffrssa, growing in Surinam, is said 
 to have a similar vermifuge power, and to be 
 milder and safer in its operation. 
 
Class XL ANTHELMINTICS. 287 
 
 JValnut Drops. 
 R. Extract. Jugland. 5'ij. 
 Aq. Cinnam. 5SS. M. 
 Dose, at first '20 or 30 drops, thrice a day, to infants of two 
 or three years of age 5 to be afterwards increased to forty or 
 fifty drops. 
 
 Fischer. 
 
 The extract is made by boiling the green rind 
 of the unripe walnuts in a proper quantity of 
 water, then straining the saturated decoction, and 
 afterwards continuing the boiling till it is brought 
 to the consistence of an extract. 
 
 The medicine is to be continued for six or eight 
 days, with the interposition of a mercurial purge. 
 
 Asafcetida Clyster. 
 As under Antispasmodics. 
 
 The quantity of asafcetida to be proportioned 
 to the age of the child. For children under 2 
 years of age, 8 or 10 grains of this gum-resin 
 will suffice. 
 
 Camphor Clyster. 
 
 R. Camphorae- 5J. 
 01 Olivae §i}. 
 M. pro Enemate. 
 To be thrown up at bed time for 3 successive nights, after- 
 wards to be repeated every other night, to the fourth time, if 
 necessary. In cases of ascarides. 
 
 FpWLEB, 
 
288 ANTHELMINTICS. ClttSS XL 
 
 Who has found this clyster a more efficacious 
 remedy against the violent itching and other pain- 
 ful symptoms of the anus, occasioned by these 
 worms, than any he has ever yet met with. It gene- 
 rally gives some immediate ea^e ; stays all night, 
 without any inconvenience ; comes away in the 
 morning sometimes with a natural stool, some- 
 times without ; seldom brings away any live ani- 
 mals, but sometimes dead ones. 
 
 Tobacco Clyster , 
 and 
 Tobacco-smohe Clyster. 
 As under Cathartics. 
 
CLASS XII. 
 HETEROCLITES. 
 
 Under this class are comprehended those medi- 
 cines which could not be referred to any of the 
 other classes, their operation being obscure and 
 undefmable. 
 
 Powder with Burnt Sponge. 
 
 R. Spongiae ustae 3ss. 
 
 Pulv. Rhabarb. gr. iv. M. 
 To be given night and morning, with a draught of whey, 
 after it. In scrophulous cases. 
 
 HULSE. 
 
 Larger doses, such as half a drachm, may be 
 given in some cases ; and where the bowels are 
 already sufficiently open, a little orange peel, or 
 other aromatic powder may be mixed with it in 
 place of rhubarb. 
 
 Burnt sponge is likewise a remedy for the bron- 
 chocele, in which cases it has been administered 
 with success in the following manner. The sto- 
 mach and bowels having been duly cleansed by a 
 vomit and purge taken two days before, the patient, 
 on going to bed, is to place a bolus, consisting of 
 half a drachm of burnt sponge, and as much honey 
 
 U 
 
«2Q6 heteroclites. Class XI L 
 
 as is necessary, in the mouth, under the tongue, 
 and as it gradually dissolves to swallow it. This 
 bolus is to be repeated for six succeeding nights. 
 A bitter powder, made of five grains of chamo- 
 mile flowers, gentian root, and the lesser centaury 
 tops, is to be taken every seventh day during the 
 use of the bolus, and on the eighth day the purge 
 is to be repeated. Others have employed sponge, 
 in these cases, in the form of a lozenge, which is 
 certainly more conveniently held in the mouth 
 than a bolus. 
 
 Powder with Burnt Hartshorn and Phosphorated 
 Natron, 
 R. C. C. ust. (Phosphat. Calcis.) 
 
 Natr. phosphorat. (Phosphat. Sodae, Ph Ed.) aa 
 partes aequales. 
 
 Terantur in pulverem. 
 Dose from 10 to 30 grains, twice a day. In the rickets. 
 
 Bonhomme. 
 
 Arsenic Drops. 
 
 K. Arsenici albi (Oxyd. Arsenici Ph. Ed.) in pulv. 
 subtilissimnm triti. 
 Kali praep, (Caibonat. Sodae Ph. Ed.) aagr. lxiv. 
 Aquae distillatae fbss 
 Jmmittantur in iagenam florentinam, qua in balneo 
 arenae posita, aqua lente ebulliat donee arsenicum pe- 
 nitus solvatur. Dein liquori frigefacto adde 
 Sp. Lavend. comp. 3SS. 
 / - Aquae distillatae ftss. 
 
 Plas vel minus, adeo ut totius Solutionis mensura 
 libra una sit, vel potiu? pondere sint unciae quindecim cum 
 se.rnisse. 
 
Class XII. HETEftocLiTES. 291 
 
 Dose, from two to twenty drops, in a tea cupful or wine 
 glassful of water, twice or thrice a day. In agues, remitting 
 fevers, and periodic head-achs. 
 
 Fowler. 
 
 In this preparation the oxyd of arsenic (the ar- 
 senious acid of some chemists) combines with the 
 vegetable alkali or potass, forming with it arsenite 
 of potass. It is therefore a solution of arsenite of 
 potass. It is very judiciously remarked by Dr. 
 Duncan, in his New Dispensatory, p. 160, that 
 if arsenic shall ever be extensively employed in- 
 ternally, it will probably be more certain and safe 
 in its operation, when brought to the state of a 
 salt readily soluble in water, i. e. when formed 
 into arseniate of potass, or more properly super- 
 arseniate of potass, in the manner directed by 
 Macquer. 
 
 The medium dose of the above for an adult, is 
 12 drops ; and as it is of great moment that a me- 
 dicine of this kind be not over-dosed, we shall 
 transcribe Dr. Fowler's table of the doses, propor- 
 tioned to the different ages : 
 
 Years. Drops. 
 
 Patients from 2 to 4 to take from 2 to 5 
 
 5 to 7 5 to 7 
 
 8 to 12 7 to ]0 
 
 13 to 18 10 to 12 
 
 1 8 and upwards 1 2 
 
 The hours for taking these drops, when ordered 
 u 2 
 
2Q2 HETEROCLITES. ClaSS XII. 
 
 three times a day, are six o'clock in the morning, 
 two o'clock in the afternoon, and ten o'clock at 
 night; and when twice a day, ten in the morning, 
 and ten in the evening. These hours are to be 
 adhered to, whether they coincide with the pa- 
 roxysms of fever or not. Incases of agues, the 
 drops are to he administered in doses proportioned 
 to the age of the patient, for five days ; at the end 
 of which, the fits being suspended, the medicine 
 is to be laid aside for two or three days, and then 
 repeated for three days more to prevent a relapse. 
 After the fits have been thus suspended, the cure 
 should be finished by the Peruvian bark, which 
 may, moreover, often accompany the use of the 
 drops. Eight days administration of themedicine in 
 the manner above-mentioned, will, it is said, gene- 
 rally be found sufficient for a radical cure of agues. 
 In remitting fevers and periodical head-achs, the 
 drops are to be given in the same manner, and in 
 the same doses, as in agues. These drops have 
 also been successfully prescribed by some practi- 
 tioners in the hooping-cough. 
 
 Vomitings, gripings, purgings, swellings, and 
 anorexia, are among the troublesome symptoms 
 which this medicine sometimes occasions. They 
 generally, however, disappear on a discontinuance 
 of the drops, or only require the exhibition of gen- 
 tle opiates, and some warm cathartic, such as tinc- 
 ture of rhubarb. 
 
 Arsenic has long since been recommended as a 
 
Class XII. HETEROCLITES. 2£3 
 
 febrifuge, and amongst its earliest and warmest 
 advocates, as such, may be mentioned Friccius, 
 author of a treatise, published in 1702, De Virtute 
 Venenorum Medica. Jacobi has also given a so- 
 lution pretty much the same as Dr. Fowler's, in 
 agues and other fevers. It has been, and conti- 
 nues to be, the basis of fever-nostrums. Thus 
 Du Roy found, that the secret fever drops were a 
 solution of this mineral in water, coloured with 
 some dye ; and it is probable too, that the so 
 called Poudres febrifuges de Frescarode, which 
 Dr. Bang says he employed with success in cases 
 of intermittents, after the bark had failed, are a 
 preparation of arsenic. 
 
 Dr. Blane was informed by the late Dr. Huck 
 Saunders, that in the American war before the last, 
 when an expedition was undertaken against the 
 Cherokee Indians, whose country is extremely 
 subject to agues ; Mr. Russel, the Surgeon, finding 
 that he could not conveniently take with him an 
 adequate quantity of Peruvian bark, provided a 
 great number of pills, containing each one eighth 
 part of a grain of arsenic; by the proper use of 
 which he was enabled to cure the intermittent 
 fevers with which the troops were seized. 
 
 But notwithstanding what has been said above 
 concerning the safety and efficacy of this remedy 
 in agues, the number of practitioners who venture 
 upon the exhibition of it, is very small. It is cer- 
 tain that, where it has been given for much length 
 
2Q4 ITETEROCLITES. Class XIL 
 
 of time, or in large doses, it has brought on a 
 train of formidable complaints, such as pain of the 
 stomach and bowels, loss of appetite, loss of flesh, 
 cough, slow fever, dropsy, and the like. Hence 
 the use of it has been reprobated by Werlhof, De 
 Haen, Storck, and other foreign writers ; and one 
 of our own distinguished physicians, Sir G. Baker, 
 observes of it, that it cannot be deemed a proper 
 remedy for an intermittent fever, whilst an inter- 
 mittent is less formidable than arsenic. 
 
 Arsenic has likewise been employed as a remedy 
 in cancers, and in the bite of venomous animals, 
 and especially of mad dogs. In the first men- 
 tioned cases, viz. cancers, it has been used both 
 internally and externally ; but as paralytic and 
 other disagreeable symptoms have arisen from its 
 application, most of our practitioners seem to have 
 thrown it aside. It appears from some late ac- 
 counts, that the Hindoo physicians cure the ele- 
 phantiasis by the use of arsenic internally. They 
 make it into pills with pepper. They likewise 
 employ it externally, in the form of an ointment, 
 for the cure of various cutaneous disorders. It 
 has been recommended as an antidote to the hy- 
 drophobia on the authority of a German peasant, 
 who, as it is stated by Spohr, in his Appendix to 
 Asti'S Essay on the poison of mad animals, cured 
 many persons that had been bitten by mad dogs, 
 and who, upon his death bed disclosed the receipt, 
 in which arsenic was found to be one of the in- 
 
Class XII. HETEROCLITES. 2Q5 
 
 gredients. This account appeared in 1787, since 
 which time the public have been informed (l78p) 
 that this mineral enters into the composition of 
 the East India Snake Pills, a medicine communi- 
 cated to the Presidency of Madras, by a native of 
 Tanjore, and which (as we are told ^by Dr. Sim- 
 mons) one of the Company's Surgeons has ad- 
 ministered with apparent success, to persons bitten 
 by mad dogs. 
 
 We cannot dismiss this subject without re- 
 peating the caution before given in the Practical 
 Synopsis of the Mat. Med. Vol. II. p. 141, with 
 regard to its use in intermitting fevers ; viz. that 
 this or other preparations of arsenic should only 
 be resorted to in those obstinate cases which re- 
 sist the action of the cinchona and other less for- 
 midable medicines ; and that although these drops 
 are said to have been serviceable in some cases of 
 hooping-cough, yet is that complaint, however 
 tedious, sufficiently alleviable by other means. And 
 it cannot be too strongly impressed upon the minds 
 of persons but newly established in practice, that a 
 remedy of so hazardous a description ought scarcely 
 ever to be administered to children and people of 
 very delicate constitutions, 
 
 Solution of Muriate of Lime, Ed. Ph. 
 
 Dose, from 20 to 100 drops, in pure water, or cinnamon 
 ter, or decoction of bark. In scrophulous cases. 
 
 The Editor of these prescriptions can add his 
 
296 heteroclites. Class X1L 
 
 testimony to that of other physicians, respecting 
 the beneficial operation of the muriate of lime in 
 the cases above-mentioned. He prescribes the 
 exsiccated salt (which readily deliquesces) com- 
 bined with the Peruvian bark, in the form of an 
 electuary. 
 
 Hydrosulphuret of Ammonia, Ed. Ph. 
 Dose, 5 or 10 drops two or three times a day. Tn diabetes, 
 This is the Ammonia Hepatisata of 
 
 Rollo. 
 
 Decoction of White Hellebore, L. Ph. 
 The parts affected to be washed with this decoction twice a 
 day, in cases of tinea, lepra, itch, &c. 
 
 Where the skin is very irritable, this decoction 
 may be diluted with an equal quantity of water. 
 
 Sulphur Ointment, L. and Ed. Ph. 
 
 A portion of this ointment to be rubbed every night at bed- 
 time, on the parts affected. In the itch. 
 
 Tar Ointment, L. and Ed. Ph. 
 To be applied to the parts affected. In tinea capitis. 
 
 Ointment of White Hellebore, L. Ph. 
 To be used in the same cases as the Sulphur Ointment. 
 
 Ointment luith Sulphur and White Hellebore* 
 R. Sulphur, sublimat. 5J. 
 
 Pulv. Rad. Helleb. alb. 5H. 
 Adipis su'-llae |ij. M, 
 
Class XII. HETEROCLITES. 2Q7 
 
 To serve for four unctions at night. In the itch. 
 
 Prlxgle. 
 
 To prevent any disorder that might arise from 
 stopping too many pores at once, he directs only a 
 fourth part of the body to be anointed at a time. 
 Where the white hellebore-root could not be had, 
 Sir J. Pringle used to substitute in its place a 
 drachm or two of muriated ammonia. 
 
 Ointment with Tar and Sulphur. 
 
 R. Picis liquidae 5JSS. 
 Sulph. sublimat. %ss. 
 Ceras flavae 5J. 
 Lento igne liquefac, ut fiat Unguen turn. 
 Against the tinea capitis. 
 
 Schlf.gi it. 
 
 There is a similar preparation in the Danish 
 pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Ointment of the JVhite Calx of Quicksilver, L. Pit. 
 
 As much as equals the size of a filbert, to be rubbed (before 
 the fire) every evening, between the fingers and upon the wrists. 
 In the itch. 
 
 Werlhoff used to employ an ointment of this 
 kind in the above-mentioned complaint ; and 
 asserts, in opposition to Pringle and others, that 
 mercury applied in this manner is a more effec- 
 tual remedy for the itch than sulphur, and that 
 this method of cure may be safely prescribed to 
 very young children. During the use of the oint- 
 
 4 
 
>2QS HETEROCLITES. Class XIL 
 
 ment, a dose of precipitated sulphur was given 
 night and morning, by which means the body was 
 kept sufficiently open. Klein, and WerlhofFs 
 editor and commentator, Wichmann, confirm 
 from their own experience, the safety and effi« 
 cacy of this mode of treatment. 
 
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LATIN INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Abrotonum Page 141 
 
 Absinthium Ul, 171, 192 
 
 Acetis hycirarg 7 
 
 plumbi 136", 140, 154, 155, 1 67 
 
 potassae 72, 80, 135 
 
 Acetum 135, 138, 139, 141, 149 
 
 scillae 80, 82 
 
 Acidum acetosum. Vide Acetum. 
 
 muriaticum 140, 147, 151, 172 
 
 nitricum 4,18,140, 151, 172 
 
 oxymuriaticum 151 
 
 sulphuricum 141, 142, 147, 172, 204 
 
 vitriolicum. Vide Acidum Sulphur. 
 
 Aconitum 9±, 96, 109, 260, 270 
 
 iEther 21, 31, 210, 223,242, 252,256 
 
 Alumen 142, 154, 15(5, 157, 160, l6l, lf>5, 172, 192 
 
 Allium 20, 209, 240, 276 
 
 Aloe 41, 46, 47, 51*63, 110, 113, 114, 116 
 
 Althaea 118 
 
 Ammonia praeparata 94, 130, 208, 218, 221, 240, 242 
 
 hepatisata. 
 
 muriate 139, 193 
 
 Ammoniaretum cupri , ... 172, 186, 248 
 
 Ammoniacum 20, 27, 29, 82 
 
 Amygdalae 118, 121 
 
 Amylum 118, 129, 166 
 
 Angustura 17 1, 182 
 
 Anisum 208, 213, 242, 257 
 
318 LATIN INDEX. 
 
 Antimoniura tartarisatum 34, 36, 64, 101, 102 
 
 calcinatum 99 
 
 Aqua acetitis ammon 94, 104 
 
 ammoniae 130, 134, 150, 236 
 
 acetatae 94, 104 
 
 .... calcis 131, 133 
 
 .... calida 1 17 
 
 .... carbonatis Ammon. Vide Aq. Ammoniae, Ph. L. 
 
 potassae. Vide Aq. Kali praep. 
 
 frigida 135, 13(5, 141, 151 
 
 .... kali praeparati 131, 134 
 
 puri 131,134 
 
 .... lithargyri acetati 135 
 
 comp t 139 
 
 .... mephitica alkalina 131, 133 
 
 .... potassae. Vide Aq. Kali puri. 
 
 .... supercarbonatis potassae 82, 131, 133 
 
 sodas 84 
 
 Arabicum gunimi 118, 121 
 
 Arnica 171, 208, 213, 221, 229 
 
 Arsenicum 172, 290 
 
 Arum 208, 212, 220, 232 
 
 Asafoetida 20, 30, 208, 215, 2l6, 242, 247, 258 
 
 Asarum 1,2. 
 
 Aurantium hispalense 170, 201, 145, 255 
 
 B. 
 
 Balneum calidum 210 
 
 v frigidum 1/3 
 
 Balsamum copaiva 208, 235 
 
 peruvianum 208, 225 
 
 tolutanum 209 
 
 Belladonna 260 
 
 Bistorta 153 
 
 Borax 142 
 
 Bryonia 41, 56 
 
LATIN INDEX. 3ig 
 
 C 
 
 Calomelas .... 6, 43, 44, 45, 52, 53, 55 f 247, 277, 281, 283 
 
 Calx 131 
 
 .... hydrargyri alba 297 
 
 Camphora 9h 102, 107, 141, 144, 150, 218, 219, 239, 242, 
 
 24 8, 251, 253, 259 
 
 Cancrorum chelae 130, 131, 201 
 
 Cantharis 71, 78, 79, 208, 218, 233, 237, 238, 242, 259 
 
 Capsicum 209, 211 
 
 Carbonas ammoniae. Vide Ammon. praeparat. 
 
 calcis. Vide Cret. praep. 
 
 ferri. Vide Rubig. ferri. 
 
 magnes. Vide Magn. alb. 
 
 potassae. Vide Kali praep. 
 
 sodae. Vide Natr. praep. 
 
 Cardamine 242, 245 
 
 Cardamomum 209, 233 
 
 Caruon 209, 212 
 
 Caryophylla 209, 180 
 
 Cascarilla 170, 180, 204, 209, 213 
 
 Cassia fistularis 41, 59 
 
 Castoreum 242, 247, 252, 256 
 
 Cataplasma aluminis 139 
 
 cicutae 272 
 
 cumini , 237 
 
 sinapeos . .. 236 
 
 Catechu 153, 157, l60, l6l 
 
 Cera 1 19, 120 
 
 Cerussa acetata 136', 140, 154, 155, 167 
 
 Chamcemelum . 142, 149, 170, 1 83, 192, 193 
 
 Chelae cancrorum 130, 131, 201 
 
 Cicuta 11, 142, 150, 260, 254, 264, 26o, 272 
 
 Cinchona 142, 145, 149, 150, 153, 156, 157, l60, l62, 170, 
 
 171, 174, 179, ISO, 1S1, J90, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 203, 
 
 204, 206, 243,251, 252 
 
320 LATIN INDEX. 
 
 Cinnamomum ^ 209, 214, 219, 233 
 
 Colchicum 72, 80, 81 
 
 Colocynthis 41, 49, 5J, 70 
 
 Colomba 171, 133, 204 
 
 Confectio aromat 220 
 
 opiata 220 
 
 Conserva absinthii 141 
 
 scillae 77 
 
 Contrayerva 94, 100, 142, 147, 241 
 
 Cornu cervi 122 
 
 Cortex Peruvc Vide Cinchon. 
 
 Creta praeparata 131^ 182, 183 
 
 Crystalli tartari 43, 44, 45, 58, 72, 84, 135 
 
 Cuminum 237 
 
 Cuprum ammoniacum 172 
 
 vitriolatum 170^ 190 
 
 D. 
 
 Decoctum arnicse 529 
 
 aurantii 255 
 
 cinchonae 145, 162, 201, 252 
 
 cornu cervi . . . > 122 
 
 dulcamaras 89 
 
 Geoffraeae 286 
 
 gernVae ( 6S 
 
 guaiaci comp 108 
 
 . . . . hellebori albi 296 
 
 • • nigri , 69 
 
 hordei 122 
 
 comp 122 
 
 lichenis island 123 
 
 mezerei 230 
 
 Enema asaefoctidae 257 
 
 nicotianae 70, 259, 2S8 
 
 camphoratuni 287 
 
 opiatum 128, 274 
 
LATIN INDEX. 321 
 
 Decoctum sambuci , 68 
 
 sarsaparill. comp 108 
 
 senekae 31 
 
 serpentariae 230 
 
 „ simarubas 201 
 
 taraxaci 67 
 
 tamarindor 66, 6/ 
 
 tussilaginis 123 
 
 ulmi 91 
 
 Digitalis 72, 87, 88, 260, 270 
 
 Dolichos 276, 284 
 
 Dulcamara 72, 89 
 
 E. 
 
 Elaterium 41 
 
 Electuarium cassiae 59 
 
 sennae 59 
 
 catechu 1 57, l6'6 
 
 Emplastrum cantharidis 237 
 
 citutae .' 273 
 
 o cumini 237 
 
 hyoscyami 273 
 
 ladani 237 
 
 opii 273 
 
 picis burgundicae 237 
 
 Emulsio amygdalae 121 
 
 arabica 121 
 
 cerae 1 20 
 
 camphorata 227 
 
 [Here introduce the 4 articles of Enema, by mistake 
 inserted at the foot of the preceding page.~\ 
 
 Extractum chamcemeli 139 
 
 cinchonae _ . . 190, 206 
 
 colocynth. comp 49, 70 
 
 gentianae 191 
 
 hellebori nigri 54 
 
 haematoxyli 1 59 
 
 Y 
 
322 LATIN INDEX. 
 
 Extractum nicotians ..'. 26 
 
 rutse 247 
 
 , . sabinae 113 
 
 Electrisatio 210, 243 
 
 F. 
 
 Ferrum ammoniacale 113, 184, 192, 193, 218 
 
 tartarisatum 280 
 
 vitriolatum 112,114, 190, 280,283 
 
 Ferri limatura 189 
 
 rubigo 115, 189, 248, 279 
 
 Filix mas 276, 277 
 
 G. 
 
 Galvanisatio 210, 243 
 
 Galbanum 209, 2l6, 243, 247 
 
 Gallae 153, 164 
 
 Garabogia 42, 53, 72, 77, 276, 283 
 
 Gas acidum carbonicum 142 
 
 . . . hydrogenium 21,31 
 
 carbonatum 21, 31 
 
 . . . oxygenium 173 
 
 Genista 42, 68, 72, 91 
 
 Gentiana 171, 191, 193, 195,201,204, 205 
 
 Geoffraea 276, 286 
 
 Glycyrrhiza 118, 119, 123 
 
 Gratiola 42, 65, 2?6 
 
 Granatum 153, 157, l6l, 164 
 
 Guaiacum 9*, 98, 102, 106, 108, 209, 2l6, 233 
 
 Gummi arabicum US, 121 
 
 H. 
 
 Haematoxylon 153, 159 
 
 Helleborus albus 296 
 
 niger 54, 1 10, 1 13, 1 15 
 
 Hydrargyria .,...4, 8, 11, 14,77, 111,242 
 
LATIN INDEX. 323 
 
 Hydrargyria acetatus 7 
 
 calcinatus « 4 
 
 muriatus 11, 12 
 
 » vitriolatus 3 
 
 Hydrosulphuretum ammonias 296 
 
 Hyoscyamus 26*0, 263 
 
 I. 
 
 Ichthyocolla 118 
 
 Infusum arnicae 228 
 
 catechu 161 
 
 chamoemeli 201 
 
 cinchonas tjv , ] oft 
 
 digitalis 87 
 
 gentianae 201 
 
 genistas 68, gi 
 
 gratiolae fo 
 
 • granatorum 164 
 
 ipecacuanhas 40 
 
 orchidis 121 
 
 juniperi ; 85, S6 
 
 picis t ... 86 
 
 raphani rusticani 228 
 
 rosae 160, 166 
 
 rhabarbari 60 
 
 sennae 59, 60 
 
 sinapeos 228 
 
 tamarindorum 61 
 
 tanaceti 103 
 
 trifolii fibrini 198 
 
 Valerianae 254 
 
 quassias \gg 
 
 querci cort 1 6\5 
 
 Ipecacuanha 34, 35, 40, f)4, 10Q 242, 244 
 
 Injectio cam Cerussa acetata 167 
 
 cum Zinco vitriolato 16Y 
 
 y 2 
 
324 LATIN INDEX. 
 
 J. 
 
 Jalapiufti 42, 44, 55, 58, 276, 285 
 
 Juniperus 72, 74, 85, 86 
 
 Juglans 276, 287 
 
 K. 
 
 Kali acetatum 72, SO, 135 
 
 . . . citratum 72, 80, 134, 136 
 
 . . . nitratum 73, 77, 86, 95, 9$> 104 
 
 . . . praeparatum 81, 99, 130, 134 
 
 . . . purum 134 
 
 . . . sulphuratum 95, 102, 135, 137, 138 
 
 . . . tartarisatum 43, 44, 59 
 
 . . . vitriolatura 43, 73, 74, 112 
 
 Kino 153, 154, 158 
 
 L. 
 
 Lac ammoniaci 29 
 
 • . . amygdalae 121 
 
 Limatura ferri 1 89 
 
 Linimentum ammonia? 239 
 
 camph. comp 239, 259 
 
 opiatum 273 
 
 sapon. comp 239 
 
 Linum 118, 128 
 
 Lichen islandicus 118, 123, 170, 203 
 
 Liquor volatilis cornu cervi 104, 238 
 
 M. 
 
 Magnesia alba * 42, 131 
 
 usta 42, 43, 131, 133 
 
 vitriolata 42, 60, 64, 67 
 
 Majorana 2 
 
 Manna 42, 57, 58, 6l 
 
 Maranta 1 18, 122 
 
LATIN INDEX. 325 
 
 jVI arum 1 
 
 Mastiche 4, 19 
 
 Mel acetatum 95, 105 
 
 Mentha piperitis 209 
 
 Mezereum 209, 230 
 
 Mistura camphorata 104, 107, 227, 253 
 
 cretacea 1 33 
 
 moschata .J 252 
 
 Moschus 208, 242, 248, 250, 252 
 
 Mucilago arabici gummi 119 
 
 cydoniorum 1 19 
 
 tragacanthae 1 19 
 
 Murias ammoniae. Vide Ammon. muriat. 
 
 et ferri. Vide Ferr. Ammon. 
 
 hydrarg. Vide Hydr. muriat. 
 
 sodae. Vide Natron muriat. 
 
 Myristica 209 
 
 Myrrha 20,22,110,113,171,183, 195, 196 
 
 N. 
 
 Natron praeparatum ys j 75 131 
 
 phosphoratum 43 ^ 
 
 . . muriatum 43, 69, 277, 282 
 
 tartarisatum 43 57 73 
 
 vitriolatum 43/ 64 
 
 Nicotiana 2, 3, 20, 26, 70, 72, 91, 243, 259, 260, 272, 276, 
 
 288 
 Nitras potassae. Vide Kali nitrat. 
 Nitrum. Vide Kali nitratum. 
 Nux moschata t 20Q 
 
 O 
 
 Oleum animate tt 055 
 
 ammoniatum . , . 039 
 
 amygdalae , 12 o 
 
 •••••• <*nisi 213, 257 
 
326 LATIN INDSX. 
 
 camphoratum 239 
 
 cinnamomi . . t 219 
 
 ricini 42, 6l, 6'2 
 
 succini 255 
 
 terebinthinae 92/ 222 
 
 Opium 209, 220, 243, 260, 26l, 265, 266, 268, 272 
 
 Orchis 1 18, 121 
 
 Oxydum antimonii cum phosphate calcis. Vide Pulv. Antim. 
 
 arsenici. Vide Arsenicum. 
 
 Zinci. Vide Zincum calcinatum. 
 
 impur. Vide Tutiam. 
 
 Oxymel colchici 80 
 
 scillae 27, 28, 29, 79 
 
 P. 
 Phosphas sodae. Vide Natron phosphoratum. 
 
 Papaver . 1 28, 243, 260 
 
 Pilulse aloes 46, 48, 113 
 
 cum myrrha 113 
 
 ammoniareti cupri 1 86, 248 
 
 asaefoetidae comp 21 6, 247 
 
 galbani comp 2l6, 247 
 
 hydrargyri S 
 
 opii -.v.- 26l 
 
 rhab. comp 47 
 
 scillae 27, 74, 75 
 
 Pimento 208 
 
 Piper indicum \ r \ 20S 
 
 .... longum 208, 223 
 
 nigrum 208, 215 
 
 Picis infusum So 
 
 Pix burgundica 237 
 
 Potassa. Vide Kali. 
 
 Potio carbonatis calcis. Vide Mist. Cre.t. 
 
 Pulvis aloes cum canella 45 
 
 cum guaiaco r . r ,45 
 
JLATIN INDEX. 327 
 
 Puivis aloes cum ferro 113 
 
 antimonialis 102 
 
 aromaticus 214 
 
 asari comp 2 
 
 carbonatis calcis comp 1 ;w 
 
 cretae comp ' 13?, 155 
 
 cum opio 155 
 
 chelarum cancri comp 131 
 
 contrayervse comp 100 
 
 doveri 101 
 
 ipecacuanhas comp 100 
 
 jalapii comp 45 
 
 opiatus 201 
 
 scammonii comp 45 
 
 Pulvis scammonii cum calomelane 4 5 
 
 sennae comp 45 
 
 sulphatis aluminae comp 154* 
 
 tragacanthae comp 119 
 
 Pyrethrum 4, 1 9 
 
 Q. 
 
 Quassia 172, 199 
 
 Quercus 153, 1 54, 1()4, l65 
 
 R. 
 
 Eaphanus rusticanus 210, 215, 228, 232 
 
 Rhabarbarum 42, 44, 47, 54, 55, 57, 6l, 63 
 
 Rhamnus. Vide Spin. Cerv. 
 Rheum. Vide Rhabarbarum. 
 
 Ricini oleum 42, 6l, 62 
 
 Rosa 153, lGO, 166 
 
 Rosmarinus 254 
 
 Rubia Ill 
 
 Rubigo ferri ISp, 24S 
 
 Rutas extractum .... : , . 24/ 
 
328 LATIN INDEXc 
 
 S. 
 
 Sabina '." Hi, 112, 113, 115 
 
 Saga 118 
 
 Salcornu cervi 94, 104, 208, 
 
 . . . succini 215, 223, 224- 
 
 Salep 118, 121 
 
 Salix 172, 1 8 1 
 
 Salvia 153, l63 
 
 Sanguis draconis 153 
 
 Sapo 43, 47 
 
 Sarsaparilla 72, 108 
 
 Sassafras 95 
 
 Scammonium 42, 45, 49, 56 
 
 Scilla 20, 27, 28, 72, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 92 
 
 Seneka 20, 31, 95, 108 
 
 Senna 42, 57, 59, 60, 6l 
 
 Serum sinapeos 232 
 
 aluminis 5 1 6l 
 
 Serpentaria 210, 21S, 224, 230 
 
 Simaruba ,. 172, 201 
 
 Sinapis 110, 210, 22S, 232, 236 
 
 Solutio muriatis calcis 295 
 
 arsenici 290 
 
 hydrarg. muriat 12 
 
 zinci vitriolati 37 
 
 Sperma ceti US, 120 
 
 Spigelia 277, 278 
 
 Spina cervina 42, 62, 65 
 
 Spiritus /Etheris nitrosi 73, 79, 92, 95, 108 
 
 vitriolici comp 256 
 
 ammoniae 236, 257 
 
 comp. ;.. 236 
 
 foetid 236, 257 
 
 „ camphoratus 239 
 
 Spongia usta 289 
 
LATIN INDEX. 32Q 
 
 Stannum " .". 277, 281 
 
 Stramonium 260 
 
 Submurias hydrarg. Vide Calomel. 
 
 Succus spissatus aconiti 9^ 97» 26l 
 
 baccae sambuci 1 04- 
 
 cicutae 254, 269, 26*4, 26'9 
 
 hyoscyami 26*3 
 
 Suffimenta acida 1*1 
 
 Sulphas aluminas. Vide Alumen. 
 
 cupri. Vide Cuprum vitriolatum. 
 
 ferri. Vide Ferrum vitriolatum. 
 
 magnesiae. Vide Magn. vitriolat. 
 
 potassae. Vide Kali vitriolatum. 
 
 sodae. Vide Natron vitriolatum. 
 
 zinci. Vide Zincum vitriolatum. 
 
 Sulphur 296, 43, 58 
 
 antimonii prascipitatum 26, 97 
 
 Sulphuretum antimonii praecipitatum 26, 97 
 
 potassae. Vide Kali sulphuratum. 
 
 Supertartris potassae. Vide Cryst. Tartari. 
 
 Swietenia 172 
 
 Syrupus colchici 81 
 
 nicotianae 91 
 
 papav. alb 266 
 
 scillae 28 
 
 » spinae cervinae 62, 65 
 
 T. 
 
 Tamarindus 42, 57, 6l, 67 
 
 Tanacetum 172, 198, 277, 281 
 
 Tartari crystalli 43, 44, 45, 58, 72, 84, 135 
 
 Tartris antimonii. Vide Antimonium tartarisatum. 
 
 potassae. Vide Kali tartarisatum. 
 
 et sodae. Vide Natron tartarisatum. 
 
 Terebinthina 72, 77, 210, 217, 222 
 
 Tinctura aloes 63, 115 
 
330 JLATIN INDEX. 
 
 Tinctura aloes comp 
 
 camphor?.? 23g 
 
 cardamom, comp . 233 
 
 cantharidum 79, 233, 238 
 
 catechu l6Q 
 
 \ . cascarillae 204 
 
 . castorei 256 
 
 colombae 204 
 
 cinchonae 204 
 
 cinnamom. comp 233 
 
 digitalis • 88, 270 
 
 ferri ammeniacalis 1 16* 
 
 . , muriati 205 
 
 gentianae comp 204 
 
 guaiaci , . 3 OS 
 
 ammoniata 10S 
 
 hellebori nigri 115 
 
 jalapii 60 
 
 myrrhae - * 147, 105 
 
 muriatis ferri 205 
 
 opii 2(i5 
 
 camph 253 
 
 rhabarbari 63 
 
 sabinae comp 115 
 
 saponis 239 
 
 scillae 92 
 
 sennas 50, 6 1 
 
 serpentariae 224 
 
 succini • %$5 
 
 Tormentilla » *?4, ^ l 
 
 Tragacantha 1 18, 121 
 
 Trochisci amyli 1*9 
 
 carbonatis calcis 133 
 
 ... c ... . cretse 133 
 
 glycynhizae HP 
 
 magnesiae 133 
 
LATIN INDEX. 331 
 Tutia 164 
 
 U. 
 
 Ulmus ' 72, 91 
 
 Unguentum acetitis plumbi 140 
 
 calcis hydrargyri alba? 297 
 
 cerussae acetatce 140 
 
 hydrargyri .14 
 
 hellebori albi 296 
 
 oxyd. zinci impur 1 64 
 
 picis 296', 297 
 
 sulphuris 2<)6 
 
 tutiae 164 
 
 zinci vitriolati ,„ ]63 
 
 V. 
 Valeriana ..221, 225, 240, 243, 245, 248, 251, 253, 254 
 
 Vapor sstheris 31 
 
 aceti 148 
 
 Vapores acidi , .151 
 
 Vinum aloes ^3 204 
 
 antimonii l03 ] 1Q4f 
 
 tartarisati t jqi 
 
 fern 195 
 
 ipecacuanhas g(j 
 
 rhabarbari 204 
 
 tartritis antimonii 101 
 
 rubrum 230 
 
 Z. 
 Zedoaria 210 
 
 Zincum calcinatum 163, 173, 187, 243, 248 
 
 •« vitriolatum 20, 27, 34, 35, 154, 158, 103, 165, 167, 
 
 170, 181, 196 
 Zinigiber 210, 213, 214, 218, 224 
 
 9 
 
ENGLISH INDEX, 
 
 A. 
 
 Ablution, cold page 151 
 
 Air. See Gas. 
 
 Acid nitric 4, IS, 140, 151, 172 
 
 .... oxymuriatic 151 
 
 sulphuric 141, 142, 147, 204 
 
 muriatic 140, 147, 151, 172 
 
 vitriolic 141, 142, 147, 204 
 
 Aconite 94, 96, 10.9, 260, 270 
 
 jEther, 21, 31, 210, 223, 242, 252, 256 
 
 Almond oil 120 
 
 milk 121 
 
 Aloes, pills with 46, 48, 113 
 
 powder with 45^ 113 
 
 tincture of .63, 115, 1 16 
 
 ...... vinous infusion of 63 9 204 
 
 Alum 142, 154, 156, 157, 160, l6l, l65, 172, 192 
 
 cataplasm 139 
 
 whey l6l 
 
 Amber, oil of 255 
 
 salt of 215, 223, 224 
 
 tincture of 255 
 
 Ammonia, muriated 139, 193 
 
 prepared 94, 130, 208, 218, 221, 242 
 
 spirit of 236, 257 
 
 compound 236 
 
 foetid 236, 257 
 
 water of 130, 134, 150, 236 
 
 Ammoniacum 
 
334 ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 Angustura-bark T. . . . 171, 182 
 
 Animal oil 255 
 
 Aniseed, oil of 213, 257 
 
 Antimonial powder . . 99, 102 
 
 Antimony, calcined, 99 
 
 precipitated sulphur- of 26, 97 
 
 tartarised 34-, 36, 6*4, 101, 102 
 
 vinous solution of 101, 104 
 
 Arabic gum 1 IS, 121 
 
 Argill, vitriolated. See Alum. 
 
 Arnica ' 171, 208, 213, 221 
 
 Aromatic confection 220 
 
 fomentation 239 
 
 Arsenic 172 
 
 Arum 20S, 212, 220, 232 
 
 Asafcetida 20, 30, 208, 215, 2l6, 24-2, 247, 258 
 
 Asarabacca 1, 2 
 
 B. 
 Balaustines, see Pomegranate. 
 
 Balsam of copaiva 208, 235 
 
 Balsam of Peru 208, 225 
 
 Bark, Peruvian. See Cinchona. 
 
 Barley, decoction of 122 
 
 compound 122 
 
 Bath, cold 173 
 
 hot , 210 
 
 vapour 210 
 
 Bath waters 210 
 
 Bitter slveet. See Dulcamara. 
 
 Bistort 153 
 
 Elisterin- '237 
 
 Bristol watei 131 
 
 Broom tops decoction of •. . (>S 
 
 Bryony ........... >...-. .... 4- 1, 56 
 
 Buck-bean, infusion of . ,\ ...... c , i-.-V. 19$ 
 
ENGLISH INDEX. 335 
 
 Buck-thorn, syrup of 42, 62, 6S 
 
 Burgundy pitch, plaster of 237 
 
 Buxton waters 210 
 
 C. 
 Cabbage-bark tree. See Geoffraea. 
 
 Calomel 6, 43, 44, 45, 52, 53, 55, 24/ 
 
 Camphor 94, 102, 107, 141, 144,. 150, 218, 219, 239, 242, 
 
 248, 251, 253, 259 
 
 Camphorated oil 239 
 
 spirit 239 
 
 Campeachy wood. See Logwood. 
 Cantharides. See Spanish Fly. 
 
 Capsicum 209, 211 
 
 Cardamine 242, 245 
 
 Cardamom, tincture of 233 
 
 Carraway 209, 212 
 
 Cascarilla 170, 180, 209, 204, 213 
 
 Cassia t . . 41, 59 
 
 Castor. 
 
 Castor oil. See Ricinus. 
 
 Catechu 153, 157, 160, l6l 
 
 Cerusse, acetated 136, 140, 154, 155 
 
 Chalk 131, 182, 183 
 
 Chamomile 142, 149, 170, 183, 192, 193 
 
 Cinchona. 
 
 Cinnamon 209, 214, 219, 133 
 
 Cloves 209, 180 
 
 Colchicum. See Meadow saffron. 
 
 Colocynth, extract of * 49, 70 
 
 Coltsfoot, decoction with , . . . . 123 
 
 Columbo 171, 1S3, 204 
 
 Confection, aromatic 220 
 
 opiate 2:0 
 
 Contrayerva. 
 
 Copaiva, balsam of 208, 205 
 
336 ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 Copper, ammoniated 172 
 
 vitriolated W* W 
 
 Cowitch, electuary with 284 
 
 Crabs-claws 130, 131, 201 
 
 Cuckoo-flower. See Cardamine. 
 
 Cummin piaster 23 7 
 
 D. 
 
 Dandelion, decoction of °* 
 
 Dulcamara 72, 89 
 
 E. 
 
 Elder bark, decoction of 16*8 
 
 berry, inspissated juice of 104 
 
 Electricity 210, 243 
 
 Elm bark, decoction of 91 
 
 Ens veneris. See Iron ammoniacal. 
 
 F. 
 
 Fern, male, powder of 277 
 
 Fox-glove, infusion of 8 7 
 
 tincture of 88, 270 
 
 Fumigation • I 41 
 
 G. 
 
 Galbanum, pills with 2l6, 247 
 
 Galvanism. 
 
 Gas, carbonic acid 142 
 
 .... hydrogen 21,31 
 
 carbonated 21, 31 
 
 oxygen 173 
 
 Galls, ointment with 16 4, 
 
 Gamboge 42, 53, 72, 77, 2?6, 285 
 
ENGLISH INDEX. 337 
 
 Garlic 20, 209, 240, 276' 
 
 Gentian 171, lpl, W, 1£5, 201, 201, 205 
 
 GeorTraea-bark, decoction of 286 
 
 Ginger 210, 213, 214, 218, 224 
 
 Gratiola. See Hedge hyssop. 
 
 Guaiacum 94, 98, 102, 106, 108, 209, 2l6, 233 
 
 Guinea pepper 209, 21 1 
 
 Gum ammoniacum. See Ammoniacum. 
 
 .... arabic. See Arabic gum. 
 
 .... kino. See Kino. 
 
 tragacanth. See Tragacanth. 
 
 H. 
 
 Hartshorn, decoction of 112 
 
 liquor of 104, 238 
 
 salt of 94, 104, 208 
 
 Hedge hyssop, infusion of 65 
 
 Hellebore, black, decoction 6y 
 
 extract of 54 
 
 tincture of 115 
 
 white, decoction of 296 
 
 ointment of 296 
 
 Hemlock, inspissated juice 263, 26'4 
 
 cataplasm 272 
 
 fomentation 1 50, U.72 
 
 plaster 273 
 
 Henbane, inspissated juice 26(), 263 
 
 plaster 273 
 
 Hepatised ammonia 296 
 
 Herb-mastich 1 
 
 Hcney, acetated 9$> 105 
 
 Horseradish 210, 215, 228, 232 
 
 Hydrosulphuret of ammonia 296 
 
338 
 
 ENGLISH INDEX!. 
 
 J and I. 
 
 Jalap . . . . 42, 44, 55, 58, 276, 285 
 
 Japan-earth. See Catechu. 
 
 Iceland liverwort 118, 123, 170, 203 
 
 Indian or Carolina pink- root 277, 27 S 
 
 Ipecacuanha 34, 35, 40, 94, 100, 242, 244 
 
 Iron, ammoniacal 113, 184, 192, 193, 218 
 
 Juniper-berry 74, 35, So 
 
 K. 
 
 Kali, acetated 72, 80, 135 
 
 citrated 72,. 80, 134, 136 
 
 nitrated 73, 77, 86, 95, 98, 101, 135 
 
 prepared 81, 99, 130, 134 
 
 , sulphurated 95, 102 
 
 . tartarised 43, 44, 59, 112 
 
 , vitriolated 43, 73, 74, 112 
 
 Kino J • 153, 154, 15tt 
 
 L. 
 
 Labdanum plaster 
 
 LeopardVbane 171, 208, 213, 221, 
 
 Lime water ..131, 
 
 Litharge, acetated • 
 
 Linseed 
 
 Liquorice 1 18, 1 19, 
 
 Liverwort, Iceland 118, 123, 170, 
 
 Logwood, extract of • 
 
 237 
 229 
 133 
 135 
 128 
 123 
 203 
 159 
 
 M. 
 
 Madder nl 
 
 Magnesia 42, 43, 131, 133 
 
 ....... vitriolated 42, 60, 64, 67 
 
ENGLISH INDEX. 33C) 
 
 Male fern 276, 277 
 
 Manna 42, 57, 58, 6| 
 
 Marum 1 
 
 Marsh trefoil. See Buck-bean. 
 
 Mastich, herb * 
 
 Meadow saffron 72, SO, 81 
 
 Mercury. See Quicksilver. 
 
 Mezereon 209, 230 
 
 Musk 208, 242; 248, 250, 252 
 
 Mustard HO, 210, 228, 232, 236 
 
 Myrrh 20, 22, 110, 113, 171, 183, 193, 19$ 
 
 N. 
 
 Natron, muriated 43, 69, 277, 282 
 
 prepared 73, 7 :>, 131 
 
 tartarised 43, 57, 73 
 
 phosphorated 43, 64 
 
 vitriolated 43, 64 
 
 Nightshade. See Dulcamara. 
 
 Nitrous aether, spirit of 73, 79, 92, 95, 103 
 
 O. 
 
 Oak bark 154, 164, ifo 
 
 Opium 209, 220, 243, 26'0, 26l, 265, 266, 26S, 272 
 
 Orange-leaves 245, 25.5 
 
 Orchis-root 118, 121 
 
 P. 
 
 Pellitory 4, 19 
 
 Pepper, Guinea 20S 
 
 long '. 20S 
 
 white 20S 
 
 Peru, balsam . . . 208, 225 
 
 Peruvian bark. See Cinchona. 
 
 7. 2 
 
340 ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 Pink-root, Carolina 277, 2?S 
 
 Pitch plaster 237 
 
 Pomegranate 153, 157, l6l, 164 
 
 Poppy 128, 2*3, 260 
 
 Port wine 146, 230 
 
 Q. 
 
 Qnassy 172, 199 
 
 Quicksilver, acetated 7 
 
 calcined 4 
 
 purified 4, 8, 11, 14, 77. 1 1 1, 242 
 
 muriated 11, 12 
 
 ... muriated (mild.) See Calomel. 
 
 vitriolated 3 
 
 white calx of 297 
 
 Quince-seed, mucilage of ,..119 
 
 R. 
 
 Rattlesnake-root. See Seneka. 
 
 Rhubarb 42, 44, 47, 54, 55 y 57, 6l, 63 
 
 Ricinus, oil of 42, 6l, 62 
 
 Eose 153, 160, 166 
 
 Rosemary 254 
 
 Rue 247 
 
 S. 
 
 Sage 153, l6'3 
 
 Salep * US, 121 
 
 Sarsaparilla 72, 108 
 
 Sassafras 9^ 
 
 Savin HI, 112, 113, 115 
 
 Scaxnmony 42, 45, 49, 56 
 
 Seneka 20, 31, 95, 10S 
 
 Senna 42, 57 , 59, 60, 6l 
 
 Simarouba ^ 172, 201 
 
ENGLISH INDEX. 341 
 
 Snake-root, Virginia 210, 218, 224-, 330 
 
 Soap, liniment 239 
 
 Southern- wood 141 
 
 Spanreh Fly 7h '< *> 79, 208, 218, 233, 237, 238, 242, 259 
 
 Spigelin. See Pink-root. 
 
 Spermaceti. 
 
 Sponge, burnt 289 
 
 Squill .. ..20, 27, 28, 72, 74, 75, 77> 78, 79, 80, 82, 92 
 
 Starch 118, 129, l6'6' 
 
 Steaming the throat B 148 
 
 Steel- tilings 1 89 
 
 Sulphur 43, 58, 296 
 
 T. 
 
 Tamarinds 42, 57, 6*1, 67 
 
 Tansy 172, 198, 277, 281 
 
 Tar 86, 237, 297 
 
 Tartar, crystals of 43, 44, 45, 58, 72, 84, 135 
 
 Tin 277, 281 
 
 Tobacco 2, 3, 10, 26, 70, 72, 91, 243, 259, 26*0, 272, 276, 
 
 28S 
 
 Tormentil 154^ 161 
 
 Tragacanth 118 121 
 
 Trefoil, marsh. See Buck-bean. 
 
 Turpentine 72, 77, 210, 217, 222 
 
 Tutty ointment 164, 
 
 V. 
 
 Valerian 221, 225, 240, 243, 245,248, 251, 253, 254 
 
 Vapour bath 210 
 
 Vinegar 135, 138, 139, HI, 149 
 
 Virginia snake-root. See Snake-root. 
 
 W. 
 Walnut drops , 287 
 
342 ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 Water . .777. , 135, 136, 141, 15; 
 
 Wax emulsion 1 20 
 
 Willow bark 172, 181 
 
 Wine 146, 230 
 
 Wormwood 141, 17 1, 132 
 
 Wolf's bane. See Aconite. 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zinc, calcined 163, 173, 187, 243, 248 
 
 vitriolated 20, 27, 34, 35, 154, 158, 163, 165, 167, 
 
 170, 181, 1S»5 
 
TABLE 
 
 CLASSES, 
 
 GLASS I, Evacuants 
 
 A. Errhines 
 
 B. Sialagogues 
 
 C. Expectorants 
 
 c D. Emetics 
 
 E. Cathartics 
 
 F. Diuretics 
 
 G. Diaphoretics . . . . 
 
 H. Emmenagogues . 
 
 CLASS II. Emollients 
 
 A. Diluents 
 
 B. Demulcents 
 
 CLASS III. Absorbents 
 CLASS IV. Refrigerants . . , 
 
 CLASS V. Antiseptics 
 
 CLASS VI. Astringents . . . 
 CLASS VII. Tonics ...... 
 
 CLASS VIII. Stimulants . . . 
 CLASS IX. Antispasmodics 
 
 CLASS X. Narcotics 
 
 CLASS XI. Anthelmintics 
 CLASS XII. Hetcrochtes ,. 
 
 page 
 
 1 
 
 ib, 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 32 
 
 41 
 
 71 
 
 93 
 110 
 
 H7 
 117 
 1 is 
 
 130 
 
 135 
 140 
 152 
 171 
 208 
 242 
 260 
 276 
 269 
 
ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 EXPLAINED. 
 
 Disp. Fuld. Dispensatorium Fuldense. 
 
 Ed. Hosp. Edinburgh Hospital — its pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Ed. Ph. Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Fox's Form. Fox's Formulae Medicamcntorum. 
 
 Guy's Hosp. Guy's Hospital — its pharmacopoeia. 
 
 L. Ph. London Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Lew. D. Lewis's Dispensatory. 
 
 Pharm. Boruss. C. Pharmacopoeia Borussica castrcnsis. 
 
 Pharm. Genev. Pharmacopoeia Genevensis. 
 
 Pharm. Hamb. Pharmacopoeia Hamburgensis. 
 
 Ph. Suec. Pharmacopoeia Suecica. 
 
 Reuss Disp. Reuss Dispensatorium Universale. 
 
 St. Barthol. Hosp. St. Bartholomew's Hospital — its 
 pharmacopoeia. 
 
 St. Thos. Hosp. St. Thomas's Hospital— its pharma- 
 copoeia. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 C. and R. Baldwin, Printers, 
 New flridg«-street, London. 
 
Of the Publishers of this Volume may he had, laiehj prmttJ 
 in Svo. 
 
 A 
 
 PRACTICAL SYNOPSIS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 MATERIA ALIMENTARIA, 
 
 AND 
 
 MATERIA MEDICA, 
 
 By the Author of 
 THESAURUS MEDICAMINUM, 
 
 Vol. I. pice 6s. in Boards. 
 Fart I. of Vol. II. price 3s, 6d. 
 
 ** # The first Volume of this Work contains an Account of 
 Alimentary Substances, together with the first Class 
 of the Materia Ivledica, viz. Evacuants. Part I. of the 
 second Vol. contains, Class l 2, Emollients; Class 3, Ab- 
 sorbents; Class 4, Refrigerants; Class 5, Antiseptics; 
 Class 6, Astringents; Class J, Tonics. The Second Part 
 of Vol. II. (which will contain the remaining five Classes) 
 is preparing for the Press,, and will complete the Work. 
 
■mm 
 
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