I^^Hi"bfT|LK 1 ^ 11 IS-; ari95 ^1 y 1 ; mo oV ^pfat^ THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESENTED BY PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID THESAURUS MEDICAMINUM; NEW COLLECTION OF MEDICAL PRESCPdPTIONS. C. an 1% EVACUANTS. E. SIALAGOGUES. ClaSS L donee hydrargyrus penitus evanuerit. Exacte subactis ad- misce sensim terendo Aq. Ros. 3viij. Dose, 2 large spoonfuls night and morning. In the same 5 eases. Plewck* It may be rendered palatable by adding half an ounce of some pleasant syrup. This mode of ex- hibiting quicksilver is liable to many objections, (see Practical Synopsis of the Mat. Med. V. I. pp. 119-20), and may in all cases be superseded by other more certain preparations. Mixture with murialed Quicksilver. R. Hydrarg. muriat. (Mur. Hydrarg. Ph. Ed.) gr. ij* Aq. distillat. £vj. Sp. Cinnamom. Syr. Althseae, as. 5J. M. Dose, 1 or 2 large spoonfuls twice or thrice a day. In thf same cases. PlI. SUEC. SpiriUious Solution of muriated Quicksilver. R. Hydrarg. muriat. (muriatis Hydrarg. Ph. Ed.) gr. ij\ Spirit. Vin. ten. (Alkohol. dilut. Ph. Ed.)3'iv. Solve. Dose, one table spoonful night and morning, in a draught of gruel, or decoction of sarsaparilla. In the same cases. Van Swieten. This celebrated commentator on Boerhaave, re^ probates Turner's corrosive sublimate drops, in which the proportion of ardent spirit to the niercu- Glass L EVACUANTS. B. SIALAG0GUE3. IS rial salt is so remarkably small ; whence it happens that the dose of the medicine cannot always be ac- curately measured. With some constitutions it may suit better to dilute this solution with an equal proportion of dis- tilled water. One spoonful of the solution thus di- luted, will contain the eighth part of a grain of muriated quicksilver, a quantity too small to oc- casion, in general, any inconvenience; whereas the quarter of a grain of mercurial salt contained in a spoonful of the undiluted solution, is apt to disagree, for the first three or four takings, with persons of Weak constitutions. A solution of muriated quicksilver in common distilled water, with the addition of a little mu- riated ammonia (sal ammpniac) is prescribed by some practitioners in place of the spirituous solu- tion; but Van Swieten's formula seems to deserve the preference, since the muriated quicksilver ex- hibited in his way, is less liable to disorder the stomach and bowels. Mr. Bell says, that the me- dicine in this form proves nauseous ; this inconve- nience, however, is easily remedied, by directing the patients to sweeten the mucilaginous vehicles in. which it is taken, with a proper quantity of sugar. De Haen calls this an incomparable medicine. It is certainly a valuable mercurial in cases where the patient's mode of life, the nature of his consti- tution, and other circumstances, will not admit of the employment of many of the other preparations 14 EVACUANTS. B. SIALAGOGUES. Class I. of quicksilver. For these reasons, and because it does not affect the salivary glands so readily as most of the other preparations of mercury, nor render those who are under its use so liable to take cold, it is well suited to camp and navy practice. Per- haps, however, it may not always be safe to trust entirely to this preparation of quicksilver for the cure of every form of the venereal disease. Unguentum Hydnfrgyri fortius, Ph. Lond. Stronger Quicksilver Ointment. Lond. Ph. One drachm of this ointment to be rubbed before the fire, on the inside of the thighs every night, till the mouth becomes affected. In the same cases. When mercury, says Mr. John Hunter, can be thrown into the constitution with propriety by the external method., it is preferable to the internal, because the skin is not nearly so essential to life as the stomach, and therefore is capable in itself of bearing much more than tbe stomach ; it also af- fects the constitution much less. But it often hap- pens that the patient's way of life, and other circum- stances, do not admit of the mode of inunction, and accordingly leave no other means of administering the remedy but by the mouth. Of the weaker quicksilver ointment (ung. Hy- drarg. mitius, Ph. Lond.) which some prefer as ir- ritating the skin less, from a drachm and a half to two drachms, or even more, may be rubbed in daily; and it answers better, Mr. Bell says, to apply it at Class L evacuanYs. ft. sialagogues. 131 two different times than all at once. For the pur- pose of applying properly this quantity of ointment, 20 or 25 minutes of gentle friction is necessary, the patient all the while being exposed to the heat of a moderate fire. . In order to promote the absorption of the quick- silver, it has, Mr. Bell observes, been the prac- tice with many to advise the body to be immersed in a warm bath, once and again, before the course is commenced, and to repeat it once or twice a week during the whole continuance of it. They likewise think that the bathing proves useful, by giving the mercury a particular determination to the skin, and thus preventing it from producing salivation. He has not found, however, that a fre- quent use of the warm bath is necessary. It cannot in every situation be obtained but with much dif- ficulty, and if not properly conducted, it is apt- during a course of mercury, to expose the patient to suffer from the effects of cold. Before the com- mencement of the course, where the skin is parti- cularly dry, he has sometimes thought it right to advise the use of a warm bath ; but, as in other in- stances of a siix;lar nature, the ointment has an- swered equally well where this precaution was iioi taken, he does not conceive that it is of much im- portance. But although he is of opinion that it is not necessary (we would observe, however, that, though it may not be necessary, it is certainly ser- viceable, and should therefore be occasionally vised }6 ETACUANTS. B. SIALAGOGUES. ClaSS L where circumstances will admit of it) to immerge the whole body in a warm bath during a course of mercury ; yet Mr. Bell has found that some advan- tage is derived from causing the parts upon which the ointment has been rubbed, to be well bathed with soap and water before repeating it upon the same place. lie therefore thinks it proper to advise this to be generally done,. After having gone through a course of mercury, it is customary, and perhaps useful, to go twice or thrice into the warm bath* Where the remedy, says the same practitioner, is chiefly employed for the removal of a local af- fection, such as a bubo, we endeavour to make it pass through the lymphatic vessels of the part, and in such cases this determines the place to which the ointment should be applied; but where no local symptom of this kind takes place, it may be applied with equal safety and propriety to any part of the body, and the place of application should be changed from day to day. Thus we obviate the irritation of the skin, which is apt to happen from applying it repeatedly to the same place, at the same time that w r e promote the absorption of the mercury. The time to be employed in a course of mercury > and the quantity to be given, are circumstances that cannot with any exactness be ascertained. They depend in a great measure upon the effects with which they are attended ; but Mr. Bell observes, that, in general, few cases are so bad as to require Class 1. EVACUANTS. £. SIALAGOGUES. \J the medicine, when properly conducted, to be continued longer than nine or ten weeks. In re- cent cases, four or five weeks are for the most part sufficient ; while in some obstinate old affections, where the bones have been diseased, or the ulcers Very foul and extensive, he has known it necessary to go on to the twelfth or thirteenth week. Many practitioners, Mr. Bell observes, think that the same quantity of mercury must prove equally useful in whatever time it may be given, provided the mouth be kept moderately sore during the whole period. This, however, is not the case. He has met with various instances of venereal sores, as well as other symptoms, which had either ob- stinately resisted a very long continued course^ o£- this kind, or which had recurred from time to time after a cure had been supposed to be obtained, and which at last were entirely removed by a much less quantity of the medicine being given in a shorter period of time. What he inculcates is, that the more inveterate symptoms of the disease will sel- dom yield to an alterative course of mercury, how- ever long it may be protracted, while the same quantity of the medicine will seldom fail, when given so as to keep the system for a shorter period more completely under its influence. He has known more than fifty cases in which this actually happened ; where venereal sores, from resisting mercury under an alterative course, were judged to be incurable, and where complete cures were C J 8 EVACUANTS. B< SIALAGOGUES. Class 1. afterwards obtained merely by carrying the use of mercury to a greater length than had previously been done. The result of all his experience is, that to render general practice in the venereal disease safe, that is to guard as much as possible against a return of the disease, a middle course must be ob- served between the severe degrees of salivation which oiir forefathers judged necessary, and the opposite extreme into which the moderns have fallen. There are several other diseases, besides the ve- nereal, in which mercurial inunction is a remedy ; such are, hydrophobia, and tetanus ; hydrocepha- lus, and encysted dropsies; hepatitis, psora, le- pra, &c. Acidum Nirricum, Ph. Ed. Nitric Acid. By the internal use of this acid in doses of J, 2, or 3 drachms daily, dilated in large quantities of water, rendered palatable by sugar, the gums and salivary glands have in some instances been affected; and some cases of lues venerea are said to have been cured by it in the East Indies. But in this climate it has disappointed the expectations that were raised in its favour, and it now ceases to hold a competition with mercury, as an antisi- philitic remedy. See Practical Synopsis of the Mat. Med. Vol. II. pp. 133-135. Class I. EVACUANTS. B. SIALAGOGUES*. lg Masticatory with Pellitory of Spain. R. Pulv. Rad. Pyrethri. Mastiches, a a, 5J. Fiant lege artis ad ignem masticatoria duo. One of these lumps to be put into the mouth and champed at pleasure. In paralytic affections of the tongue, and in the tooth ach. HaRTMANc Masticatory with Ginger. R. Pulv. Rad. Zingib. $ss. Mastiches 5J. Fiant lege artis pastilli singuli pondere scrupuliunius One of these lumps to be held in the mouth, and chewed repeatedly. In the same cases. Hartman - . In the same manner and in the same cases may be used the mezereon root. See Stimulants. Collutory with Pellitory of Spain. R. Rad. Pyrethri, ^ss. Acet. distillat. |vj. Opiigr. iij. Digere vasis clausis in balneo arenas per hofam. A spoonful to be held in the mouth frequently, and after* wards spit out. In the tooth ach. Hartman. Th£ acetum distillatum, Ph. Lond. is the aci- duria aoetosum distillatum, Ph. Ed. C2 20 EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. Class L EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. Expectorants are those medicines which are employed in various pulmonary disorders, to pro- mote the excretion either of mucus or of pus from the trachea and bronchial tubes. They are also termed anacathartics. Enumeration of the principal Expectorants* Allium Allium sativum. Garlick. Ammoniacum. Gum Ammoniac. Asafaetida. ..... Ferula Asafixtida. Asafaetida. Balsamum Tolutanum Toluifera Balsamum. BabamofTolu. Ipecacuanha. ..... Callicocca Ipecacuanha Brotero. Cephaelis Ipecacuanha Willdeno\0V Ipecacuan. Myrrha. Myrrh. Nicotiana. ..... Nicotiana Tabacum. Tobacco. Seneka Polygala Senega. Seneka or Rattlesnake-root. Scilla Scilla maritima. Squill. Antimonii praparata. Preparations of Antimony, Quaedam Hydrargyri prseparata. Certain preparations of Quicksilver. Zincum vitriolatum Sulphas Zinci. Ph* Ed* Vitriolated Zinc. White Vitriol. Class I. EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. 21 Gas Hydrogenium. Hydrogen Gas. Gas Hydrogenium carbonatum. (Gas hydro-carbonatum.) Carbonated Hydrogen gas. Vapor iEtheris Vitriolici (/Etheris Sulphuric], Ph. Ed.) Pulmonibus attractus. Inhalation of the Vapor of Vitriolic TEther. (Sulphuric iEther.) Vapores Aquae Calidae, pulmonibus attracti. Inhaling the Steam of Hot Water. Emetica. Emetics. Demulcentia ; qualia sunt Ol. Amygd. Hordeum, Glycyr- rhiza, Tussilago, &c. Demulcents, such as Almond Oil, Pearl Barley, Liquo- rice, Coltsfoot, &c. Diuretica quaedam ; qualia sunt Colchicum, Dulcamara, Digitalis. Certain Diuretics, such as Meadow Saffron, Woody Nightshade, Foxglove. Ipecacuanha Powder. From 3 to 5 grs. of the pulverised root of Ipecacuanha to be given every morning, or every other morning, in asthmatic cases. < Akenside. For observations on the action of this medicine^ in the cases here mentioned, see Antispasmodics. Poivder ivith Squill and Camphor. R. Scillae exsiccatae gr. viij. Camphor. 3 j. Sacchar. purificat. 5J. Tere in pulv. subt. in iv partes sequales dividend. 22 EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. Class L One to be taken two or three times a day, in gruel or barley water. With an increased proportion of camphor this is from Nicolai. It is a circumstance which deserves particular attention, that squill from its acrid and stimulating qualities, checks instead of promoting expectora- tion, where the skin is hot and dry, with a tense pulse ; or where other marks of inflammatory ac- tion are present. In all cases plentiful dilution with mucilaginous liquors, as above directed, con- tributes in no small degree to its successful opera- tion. See Practical Synopsis of the Mat. Med, V. I. p. 154. Myrrh Powder. R. G. Myrrh* 55s. Sacchar. crystallisat. (Vulgo Sacch. cand.) ^ss, Tere simul in pulv. Dose, 2 tea-spoonfuls 3 or 4 times a day, in any convenient vehicle. In consumptive cases. Nicolai, Who remarks that this was a favourite formula with Hoffman. It is sometimes useful to add to this prescription a small pro- portion of the natron praeparatum, Ph. Lond. (carbonas sodae, Ph. Ed.) If we were to follow implicitly the opinion of Dr. Cullen, we should not insert a formula of myrrh in this class of medicines, since he with Dr. Fother^ gill, condemns the use of this drug in phthisical cases; in which, however, other practitioners have often employed it with advantage. We are, ■ Glass L EVACUAXTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. 23 ready to allow, indeed, that, in irritable habits, where much hectic fever has been present, it may sometimes have proved hurtful, especially if given too freely; but in the earlier stages of the disease, where the constitution languishes under debility with hardly any concomitant fever, this gum- resin, while it promotes the appetite and digestion (effects which the Doctor himself admits) tends at the same time to strengthen the system throughout, and to improve and promote, along with the rest of the secretions and excretions, the discharge from the lungs. — Dr. Fothergill, in his remarks on the cure of consumptions, has classed this gum-resin along with the balsams and turpentines, and condemning very properly the use of them in such affections of the lungs, has condemned also, but not quite so properly, we think, the use of this in the same. For, whether we consider its chemical or its sen- sible properties, myrrh will appear to differ very considerably from both those other vegetable pro- ducts. A mucilaginous principle, not to be met with in the genuine turpentines and balsams, forms one of the chief constituent parts of myrrh. Hence it is soluble in water, whereas the balsams are not; hence, too, it burns with difficulty, and not with- out leaving behind a good deal of coally mat- ter, whereas the balsams are highly inflammable, and leave behind but little residuum. Applied to the tongue, myrrh does not impart that hot and pungent sensation which the balsams are known to 24 EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. Class L produce, and which is owing to a very penetrating and diffusible essential oil, or (to use Boerhaave's expression) spiritus rector, with which they abound. Seeing, then, that it contains a bland principle, viz. the mucilage, which they want, and that if it does net want, at most it possesses only in a scanty proportion, the acrid principle, viz. the essential oil, which is found so plentifully in them, and upon which their heating and irritating effects depend ; it cannot certainly be proper to set it down as one and the same substance with them : And therefore, while we join with Dr. Fothergill in re- probating the use of balsams and turpentines, as expectorants or otherwise, in pulmonary consump- tions : yet from the favourable testimonies of others, and from our own observation, we still think that myrrh (persuaded that it differs in many respects from both those substances) may, if properly ma- naged, be frequently employed with advantage as an expectorant. For further remarks on the use of myrrh, see Tonics. On the Continent, and particularly in Germany, the JVatery Extract of My rrh'is frequently preferred to the natural drug. According to the Brunswick and Fulda Dispensatories, it is prepared by digesting powdered myrrh, for several days, in water, in the proportion of one part of myrrh to six parts of wa- ter, and afterwards evaporating the decanted (or, if necessary, the strained) solution to the consistence of an extract, (The residuum may be used for Class L EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. 25 making the tincture or spirituous solutionof myrrh). By this treatment great part of the resin is separated from the gum, which is consequently rendered much less heating. Of this preparation, the dose is from ten to thirty grains, and more. Ponder iviih Tartarised Antimony, K. Antimon. tarlarisat. (Tartritis Antim.Ph.£d.)gr.ij. Pulv. Chel. cancri 5SS. Fiat Pulvis. Two grains of this composition may be added to five or six of any testaceous powder, and given* in a small spoonful of milk and water, in the forenoon between breakfast and dinner, to a child of a year old. If this quantity does not prove sufficient to excite vomiting, it should be increased the next day to such a dose as will produce this effect ; and in this manner let it be daily repeated about the same hour. As the fever and cough decrease, the child should take the puke only- two days together, and omit it the third. Every other day will soon afterwards suffice ; and then once or twice a week till the cough is wholly gone. In the chin-cough or hooping- cough. FOTIIERGILL. Whatever he the way in which they operate upon the lungs, emetics prove, in many cases, very ser- viceable and powerful expectorants. This prescrip- tion might have been referred to that order of eva- cuants; but the whole of its effects, and the nature of the complaint for which it is particularly in- tended, being considered, it was thought it would not be misplaced by being inserted here. 26 fcVACUANTS. C. EXPECTOKANTS. QaSS L Towcler with Precipitated Sulphur of Antimony.- R. Sulph. Antimon. praecipitat. gr. vj. Pulv. Chel. Cancr. 3ss. F. Pulvis. To serve for two doses, in asthmatic affections. After Nicola i. In the original prescription, which moreover' contains 6 grs. of the kali vitriolatum, Ph. Loud. (Sulphas potassas. Ph. Ed.) the whole of the pow- der is for a single dose ; but half the quantity, as here directed, will prove quite sufficient where full vomiting is not intended. In the last edition of the Ed. Ph. this antimo- nial preparation is, agreeably to the principles of the new chemical nomenclature, termed sulphn- retum antimonii prascipitatum. It has been well remarked by Dr. Cullen and other pharmaceutical writers, that antimony, when associated with an acid, and especially with the vegetable acid (as in the case of tartarised antimony), is to be preferred to all other preparations of this metal, as being the least irregular in its operation. Pills with Extract of Tobacco. R. "Extr. Nicotianse 9ss'. Pnlv. Had. Glycyrrhiz. q. s. Ut fiapt Pil. xx. One to be taken 3 times a day,, increasing the dose if 'ne- cessary. In cases of pulmonary consumption and humoral asthma. Reuss. Djsf. U stivers* Class I. EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. 1*J The extract of tobacco is made from the in- spissated decoction of the leaves, these last being previously macerated for some hours in water, (which is then thrown away) to free them from their more acrimonious parts. See Practical Sy- nopsis of the Mat. Med. V. I. p. 15 1. Pills with Squill and Ammonia cum. Give of the Squill Pills, Lond. and Ed. Ph. from 5 to 15 grs. for a dose. Pills with Vitriolated Zinc. R. Zinc. Vitriolat. (Sulphat. Zinci, Ph. Ed.) 3ss. Cons. Cynosb. q. s. Ut fiant Pil. xx. Dose, 1 pill 3 times a day, in phthisis and hooping-cough. In many cases the dose may be doubled, A \ of a grain of opium should then be added to each dose. The Editor of this work has frequently prescribed the Vitriolated Zinc with the best effect in the above-mentioned cases. He has sometimes joined it with myrrh. Bolus with Squill. R. Conserv. Scill. 3j. vel ^ss. Pulv. Glycyrrhiz. q. s. Ut flat Bolus. To be given twice a day. In some cases from 5 to 10 grs. of quicksilver, may be advantageously combined by trituration with this conserve. Linctus with Oxymel of SquilL R, Oxymel. Scillae. 28 BVACFANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. Class I m Syr, Aliha^e. Muc. G. Arab. Singulorum partes sequales, M. i^cse, from a tea to a table spoonful occasionally. In asth- matic and other pulmonary affections. Bang. The Syrup of Squill, Ed. Ph. is a much better preparation than the oxymel Scillae, Ph. Lond, Mixture with Tartar ised Antimony, mr X. Antimon. tartarisat. (Tartrhis Antim. Ph. Ed.) gr. §• Aq. Pulegii §vj. Mel. Acetat. Oxymel. Scillx a a ;£> Two table spoonfuls to be taken every 4th hour. In pcrip- ceamonic cases. After the manner of Stoll, i In the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia the vinegar is edulcorated with sugar instead of honey, the syrupus acidi acetpsi supplying the place of the oxymel, or mel acetaturn, Ph. Lond. Mixture tenth Oxymel of Squill. R. Oxymel. Scillae Jjij. Aq. pulegii gix, M. Dose, a tea cupful twice or thrice a day, in a fit of ssthma. See Fuller. Three large spoonfuls of this mixture will be a sufficient dose for most patients. This reduced Class I. EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. 1$ dose may be repeated at shorter intervals, viz. every 3d or 4th hour. In like manner may be prescribed the Syr. Allii of the Dublin Ph. but in a larger proportion, xiz. giv of the syrup to gviij of the distilled water. Mixture with Oxymel of Squill, and Nitrated Kali. R. Oxymel. Scillae ^ij. Decoct. Hord. Com p. ^vj. Kali Nitrat. (Nitratis potassse, Ph. Ed.) ^ss. Dose, 3 large spoonfuls frequently. In peripneumonic cases. Varied from Fax's FottM. In some cases the oxymel, or syrup of squill, may be advantageously joined with the aq. ammo- nia* acetat. Ph. Lond. (aqua acetitis ammonia?. Ph. Ed.) in place of the nitre. Mixture with Oxymel of Squill and Camphor, R. Oxymel. Scillae 3j. Camphor. Kali nitrat. (Nitratis potassae, Ph. Ed.) a a. 5S5. Lac.Amygdal.Ph.L. (Emuls. Amygd.Ph.Ed.j^vij. Misce terendo. Dose, one or two ounces. Suited to pneumonic cases. Va- ried from Bang. Mixture with Ammoniacum and Wine of Tarta- rised Antimony. K. Lac. Ammoniac, ^riij. 30 evacuaKts. c. expectorants. Class /. Vin. Antim. tartarisat. (Vin. Tartritis Antim. Ph. Ed.) gtt. xl. vel Ix. M. Dose, 2 table spoonfuls every 4th hour. After the manner of Hartman. To this may be occasionally added some tincture of opium. Mixture ivith Asafcetida. R. Asafcetid.-e 3ij. vel ^i. Aq. pulegii gvij. Syr. Tolutan. 3J. Dose, 2 or 3 table spoonfuls, every 3d or 4th hour. In the hooping-cough. Altered from Millar. This is a heating medicine, and should not be administered till the febrile symptoms have been removed. It may also be given in cases of croup, espe- cially after the use of the lancet, and when com- bined with antimonials. As all the fetid gums, says Dr. Cullen, seem to be determined to the lungs, and to promote ex- pectoration 5 so I have found the asafcetida the most powerful for this purpose, and more powerful than the ammoniac so frequently employed. For other forms of prescribing asafcetida, see Antispas- modics. Compound Decoction of Barley, L. Ph. To be given by cupfuls, in coughs, consumptions, pleurisy, and peripneumony, either alone or with the addition of oxymel of squill, nitre, See. This decoction might be improved by Class I. EVACUANTS. C. EXPECTORANTS. 21 omitting the raisins and employing a greater proportion of liquorice. See Practical Synopsis of the Mat. Ivied. Vol. II. p. 16\ Decoction of Seneka, Ed. Ph. Dose, 3 table spoonfuls every 3d or 4 th hour. Tn the ad* yanced stages of pneumonia. Practical Synops. Vol. I. prr. 152, 1 53. Ill the catalogue prefixed to this subdivision of Evacuants, we have inserted hydrogen gas and carbonated hydrogen gas ; because it would appear that they have been employed by several practi- tioners with some temporary relief, in various pul- monary affections, such as phthisis and catarrhs. It may be doubted, however, whether they pro- perly belong to expectorating medicines, or under what other class they should be arranged. For directions concerning their administration, we must refer to those authors who have professedly written upon them. The manner of using ./Ether Vapor in phthisis hooping-cough, and some other pulmonary dis- orders, is extremely simple. One or two ted spoonfuls being put into a small tea cup, the latter is held to the mouth either by the patient or an assistant, and the vapor (which the warmth of the hand causes to ascend in sufficient quantity) is drawn in with the breath. This is continued till all the sether is evaporated, and is repeated 3 or 4 times in the day, according to the urgency ©f the case. In the winter time, the ascent ,of 32 EvActtANts. D. EMfiTrcs. Cites L the aether* vapour may be promoted by putting some warm water into the tea cup or other vessel containing the asther. For other particulars con- cerning the use of this remedy in its simple and medicated state, the reader is referred to Dr. Dun- can's Medical Commentaries for 1796, and to the 7 th Vol. of Dr. Simmon's Medical Facts and Ob- servations. EVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. To consider emetics merely as evacuants of the stomach, would be to take a very contracted and imperfect view of their effects ; for if traced through the w T hole of their operation in the various diseases in which they are employed, their influence over the human body appears so manifold and extensive, that they may be justly reckoned amongst the most powerful instruments which the materia me- dica affords. Hence, besides their use as cleansers of the alimentary canal, they serve to induce sweat- ing, in fevers ; to favour expectoration, in disorders of the lungs ; to promote absorption, in cases of dropsy ; and to remove certain obstructed condi- tions of the viscera, such as jaundice and sup- pression of the menses. Also in cases of glan- dular and lymphatic obstructions, and in some cases of pulmonary consumption. By means of their peculiar action on the nervous and vascular system, they allay the spasms in asthma, and check the discharge of blood, in haemorrhages from the Class /. EVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. 33 lungs and uterus. In the first of these, viz. in spitting of blood, they have been given with ad- vantage, by Dr. Robinson, and still more lately, by Dr. Stoll of Vienna; who says, that in such cases ipecacuanha sometimes acts like a charm, seeming to close the open vessels of the lungs sooner and more effectually than any other re- medy. In the other, viz. in uterine hemorrhagy (according to Dahlberg's trials, as related by Mur- ray) small doses only of these medicines, so as to excite sickness, but not vomiting, are found to answer best. But in both these instances, they should be administered with caution, since it sometimes happens that they do more harm than good. Dr. Cullen once met with an accident of this kind, in which the vomiting increased the hemorrhagy to a great and dangerous degree. Dysentery is to be added to the number of diseases in which emetics have a peculiarly bene- ficial effect. Where there is much visceral inflammation ; where there are symptoms of great accumulation in the vessels of the head ; in the advanced stages of pregnancy, and in cases of intestinal hernia, me- dicines of this class are to be avoided. And, in general, persons who have weak and delicate sto- machs should be cautious of employing them too freely, since, as Dr. Cullen has remarked, frequent vomiting renders the stomach less fit to retain what D 7 34 EVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. Class L is thrown into it^ and even weakens its powers of digestion. Enumeration of the principal Emetics. Antimonii praeparata et imprimis Antim. tartarisat. (Tarfris Antimonii, Ph. Ed.) Preparations of Antimony and especially Tartarised An- timony, (Tartrite of Antimony, Ph. Ed. ) Ipecacuanha Callicocca Ipecac. Brotero. Cephaelis Ipecac* Willdenow* Ipecacuanha. Scilla Scilla maritima. Squill. Sinapi Sinapis nigra. Mustard. Zincum vitriolatum Sulphas Zinci, Ph. Ed*. Vitriolated Zinc. (White Vitriol.) Powder with Ipecacuanha and Tartarised Antimony. R. Pulv. Ipecac. 3j. Antimon. tartarisat. (Tartrit Ant. Ph. Ed.) gr. j. PltlNGLE. StolFs practice was to give 2 scruples of ipeca- cuanha with the same quantity of tartarised anti- mony, for a dose. In this he seems to have fol- lowed Zimmerman. In maniacal cases, a triple proportion, or even more, of the tartarised anti- mony, will often be required to produce a suffi- cient effect. Powder with Ipecacuanha and Rhubarb. R. Pulv. Ipecacuanh. Rhubarb, aa 3} . M-. Stoerck, Class L EVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. 35 Ipecacuanha Powder, R. Pulv. Ipecac, gr. xv, Divid. in Dos. iij. One to be taken in the forenoon, every hour and a half, or every Cd hour ; and to be repeated the next day, or day after that, if necessary. In dysenteries. See Cleg ho rk. This last mode of exhibiting ipecacuanha, is ob- jected to by some, as being liable to fail in the intended effect, while the degree of nausea which it keeps up only serves to increase the patient's distress. — Ipecacuanha given in this manner in dy- senteric cases seems to prove useful, as much by its antispasmodic as by its evacuant operation. Powder of Asarakacca* R. Pulv. Asari, 3j. This is a moderate and manageable emetic, suitable to many of the purposes of ipecacuanha. Cl-llen* Bolus with Vitriolaied Zinc. R. Zinc, vitriolat. (Sulphat. Zinc. Ph. Ed ) gr. xxv. Succ. Bacc. Sambue. spissat. q. s. tit fiat Bolus. To be given in a draught of chamomile, or green tea, and to be worked off with the same. Gaubivs. The inspissated juice of elder-berries is here sub- stituted for the juniper- rob, which is now seldom to be met with in the English shops, d 3 36 EVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. Class L Whenever, from poisons swallowed, or on any other account, a sudden and complete evacuation of the stomach is required, such a form as this of vitriolated zinc, is well suited to the purpose. It should be accompanied with plentiful dilution. Mustard Draught. Mix a tea-spoonfui of Mustard prepared for the table with a tea cupful of warm water, and let it be swallowed j assisting its operation afterwards by repeated draughts of warm water. See Citllex. Draught of Ipecacuanha Wine. Give an ounce, (or in some cases an ounce and a half) of the Ipecacuanha Wine, for a dose. Solution of Tartarised Antimony. R. Antimon. Tartar. (Tartrit. Antim. Ph. Ed.) gr. iv. Aq. purre, itj. Fiat Solutio. Dose, a tea cupful every •£ of an hour, till the patient vomits. In bilious fevers. Stoll. Half the quantity, viz. 1 grs. of tartarised anti- mony will be a sufficient proportion in most cases. A tea cupful is a very indefinite measure. It will be better to direct an ounce and a half, or 3 table spoonfuls for a dose. Another Solution of Tartarised Antimony. R. Antimon. tartarisat. (Tartrit. Ant. Ph. Ed) gr. j* Class L fcVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. 37 Aq. purae 3J. Sacchar. purificat. 5J. M. Two tea spoonfuls, or a dessert spoonful to be given every | hour till the patient vomits. Designed for children. NlCOLAl. Solution of Vitriolated Zinc and Alum. K. Zinc. Vitriolat. (Sulphat. Zinc. Ph. Ed.) 5Jss. Ahiminis, (Sulphat Aluminae, Ph. Ed.) 5SS. Aq. ferventis ftss. Misce in mortario marraoreo. Solutio per chartam bibulam riltretur. Dose, a table spoonful for adults, and a tea spoonful for a child of six months old (and so in proportion to the strength and age of the patient) every morning upon an empty stomach j and in some cases every six hours, without any addition or alte- ration, by diluting or mixing it with any liquor whatever. In dysentery. With the omission of a little cochineal,, this is the solutio vitriolica of MpSELBT. The proportion of either the vitriolated zinc (Sulphate of Zinc, Ph. Ed.) or alum, may be aug- mented or diminished, according to circum- stannces; i. e. When evacuations are required, the quantity of alum may be diminished or even entirely omitted; and when great astringency is required, the quantity of alum is to be increased, and the vitriol to be diminished. Alum is a triple salt compounded of vitriolic or sulphuric acid, alumina (pure argill) and potass. It is the Sul- phas Aluminae, Ph. Ed. and the super sulphas alu- minae et potassae of the modern systems of che- mistry. 36 EVACUANTS. D, EMETICS. Class I. In slight dysenteries this practitioner assures us, that he has used this solution with the utmost success; giving it at first without the alum, in sufficient doses to cause evacuations, and afterwards with the alum in nauseating doses, frequently with opiates at night. This he has found far more ef- ficacious in dysentery than the tartarised antimony, ipecacuanha, rhubarb, or salts, as evacuants, in whatever manner combined or administered. But where a dysentery has been of long standing, the cure necessarily must be performed by slow de- grees ; then a dose every night and morning will be sufficient. It is in inveterate cases to be con^ tinned for weeks or months, omitting it now and then. In table spoonful doses it generally causes a vo- miting, or great nausea, and sometimes a purging, for the first few times of taking it. When the sto- mach is foul, vomiting may be encouraged by cha^ momile tea, otherwise that is unnecessary, If after it has been taken several times, it still create vo- miting, or more nausea than is easily supportable (for some nausea is intended) the dose must be diminished. If it continue to purge more than is proper, or cause any griping, neither of which often happens, a few drops of tincture of opium must be given occasionally, or every night, at bed time. The solution of vitriolated zinc is also recom- mended jn all pulmonic oppressions^ where respi- Class I. EVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. 39 ration is performed with difficulty, and where expectoration is to # be promoted, and the bronchial glands are to be unloaded and cleansed, in nau- seating or slightly vomiting doses. In moist phleg- matic asthmas, in catarrhal coughs, and in the hooping cough, its effects are said to be wonder- ful; taken once or twice a day, particularly in the morning, fasting, in doses to cause a slight retching. In the same manner it removes de- fluctions on the lungs, bronchia and trachea, from relaxation of the parts, or defect of their powers ; and may prevent consumptions, induced by those causes. If costiveness, the common consequence of" its continued use, happen, it must be omitted till this is removed by some aperient. The alum ought to be left out when the effects of the vitriol, and not the result of their combination, are required. Taken in nauseating doses every eight hours, this medicine has also been known to remove haemorrhages from the lungs. In the disorders above mentioned, the solution of vitriolated zinc is said to be preferable to every other nauseating or emetic medicine whatever, be- cause the patient is not harassed with its operation, which is never violent (as antimonials sometimes are) generally instantaneous, and as suddenly over, always leaving the stomach strongly invigorated; because it never causes spasms in the viscera, nor any nervous affection s^ which antimonials carelessly 40 EVACUANTS. D. EMETICS. Class L exhibited often occasion ; and lastly, because it re- quires neither dilution with it nor regimen, nor restriction after it, The only objection to it, is its disagreeable taste, which it is said cannot be im- proved without destroying its virtues. Infusion of Ipecacuanha. R. Rad. Ipecacuanh. contus. iis3. Crvst. Tar't. (Supertartrit. Potassa?, Ph. Ed.) 5J. Aq. ferventis ^iijss. Macera per horam, dein cola et adde Syr. Simpl. 3jss. Dose, a table spoonful every half hour till it operates. In dysenteric cases. With the substitution of 5SS of common syrup in place of the same quantity of oxymel of squill this is from Nicolai. This preparation has also been given with great advantage in bilious fevers, In icteric cases, in humoral asthmas, dropsical affections, &c. Haller recommends a decoction of ipecacuanha, consisting of the same ingredients, with the addi- tion of the peel of the Curassao or Seville orange. Syrup of Ipecacuanha. R. Rad. Ipecac, contus. 5J. Cort. Cinnam. contus. 3ss. Aq. ferventis 5V. Macera per horam, in vase operto. Liquori colato adde Sacchari pur. quantum satis sit, ut flat Syrupus. Dose, from a dessert to a table spoonful, for children and young persons. With the omission of one or two superfluous ingredients, this is from Hautman. €1(ISS' 1. EVACUANTS. B. CATHARTICS. 41 Tobacco Poultice. R. Folior. Nicotians manipul. jss. Contunde cum quantitate sufficient aquae in cata- plasma. To be applied to the region of the stomach. In cases where emetics cannot be given by the mouth. Hartman. EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Under this head are here comprehended all those substances which promote the excrementi- tious discharge from the bowels, and which by different authors have been variously termed Pur- gatives, Laxatives, Solutives, Eccoprotics, Ape- rients, Deobstruents, &c. distinctions of little practical use ; since purgatives in small do§es are laxatives, and laxatives in large doses are purga- tives. See Synops. of the Mat. Med. Vol. I. p. 182. Enumeration of the principal Cathartics, Aloe Aloe perfoliata. Aloes. Bryonia Bryonia alba. White Bryony. Cassia fistularis Cassia Fistula. Cassia. Colocynthis Cucumis Colocyntiis. Coloquintida, or bitter apple. Cucumis agrestis Momordica Efatcrium, Wild Cucumber. 42 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. tSldSS L Gambogia Stalagmitis Cambogioides ? Gamboge. Genista Spartium scoparium. Broom. Gratiola. „ . . . . Gratiola officinalis. Hedge Hyssop. Helleborus niger Helleborus niger* Black Hellebore. Jalapium Convolvulus Julapa. Jalap. Manna, Fraxini Orni succus concretus. Nicotiana Nicotiana Tabacum. Tobacco. Rhabarbarum Rheum palmatum. Rhubarb. Ricini Oleum Ricinus communis. Castor Oil. Sambucus. ..... Sambucus nigra. Elder. Scammonium. ...... Convolvulus Scammome. Scammony. Senna Cassia Senna. Senna. Spina eervina Rhamnus catharticas* Buckthorn. Tamarindus Tamarindus Jndica. Tamarind. Taraxacum Leontodon Taraxacum. Dandelion. Magnesia alba Carbonas Magnesiae, Ph. Ed. Magnesia. Carbonate of Magnesia. Magnesia nsta Magnesia, Ph. Ed. Calcined Magnesia. Magnesia vitriolata Sulphas Magnesiae, Ph. Ed. Vitriolated Magnesia. (P^psom Salt.) Sulphate of Magnesia. Class I. EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 43 Natron muriatum Murias Sodae, Ph. Ed. Muriated Natron. (Common Salt.) Muriate of Soda. Natron vitriolatum Sulphas Sodae, Ph. Ed. Vitriolated Natron. (Glauber's Salt) Sulphate of Soda. Natron tartarisatum Tartris potassae et Sodee, Ph. Ed. Tartarised Natron. (Rochelle Salt.) Tartrite of potass and Soda. Natron phosphoramm Phosphas Sodae, Ph. Ed. Phosphorated Natron. Phosphate of Soda. Crystalli Tartari Supertartris Potassae, Ph. Ed. Crystals of Tartar. (Cream of Tartar.) Supertartrite of Potass. Kali tartarisatum Tartris potassae, Ph. Ed. Tartarised kali. (Soluble Tartar.) Tartrite of potass. Kali vitriolatum Sulphas potassse, Ph. Ed. Vitriolated kali. (Vitriolated Tartar.) Sulphate of potass. Sapo. Soap. Sulphur sublimatum. Sublimed Sulphur. (Flowers of Sulphur.) Hydrargyria purifkatus. Purified Quicksilver. Calomel Submurias Hydrarg. Ph. Ed. Calomel. Submuriate of Quicksilver. Aqua marina. Sea Water. Salt Water. Aquae Fontium Salinorum, quales sunt in hisce regionibus Fontes a pud Cheltenham, Epsom, Scarborough, &c. The Waters of Saline Springs, such as, in this country, the Springs at Cheltenham, Epsom, Scarborough, &c. Powder with Rhubarb and Calcined Magnesia. R. Pulv. Rhabarb. 5SS. Magnes. ust. 9ss, PI. Anisi gtt.j r 44 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Class I. Proper where acidity prevails in the primae viae. Varied from Hartman. Powder with Rhubarb and Vitriolated Magnesia, IL Magnes. Vitrioiat. (SulphatMagn. Ph. Ed.) ^iij. Pulv. Rhabarb. !y. To serve for two or three doses. This is the pulvis diges- tivus laxans of the Ph. Suec. Powder with Rhubarb and Tartar ised Kali. R. Kali tartarisat. (Tartritis Potassse, Ph. Ed.) 51J. Pulv. Rhabarb. 5J. Cort. Exterior. Aurant. Hispalens. 3-ij. Dose, about a tea spoonful twice or thrice in a day. This is the pulvis lenitivus of the Disp. Fulb. Powder with Rhubarb and Crystals of Tartar. R. Crystal!. Tart. (Supertartritis Potassse, Ph. Ed.) partes ij. Pulv. Rhabarbari, partem j. Dose, 5J. or 5jss. Bans. Powder with Jalap and Calomel. R. Pulv. Jalapii gr. vj. Calomel. (Submuriatis Hydr. Ph. Ed.) gr. iij. M. For young persons whose bowels are obstructed with slime. Altered from Hartman. To prevent griping it may be useful to add a drop of some essential oil* Class L EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 4£ Powder with Jalap and Crystals of Tartar. Give of the Compound Powder of Jalap, Ed. Ph. 3ij. or $j. for a dose. Some people add a little ginger to prevent griping. Powder with Senna and Scammony. Give of the Compound Powder of Senna, L. Ph. two scru- ples for a dose. Powder with Aloes and Canella, L. Ph. Dose, fifteen or twenty grains. Powder ivith Aloes and Guaiacum, L. Ph. Dose, the same as the preceding. Powder ivith Scammony and Crystals of Tartar. Give of the Compound Powder of Scammony, Ed. Ph. a sCrliple for a dose. Poivder ivith Scammony and Extract of Jalap. Give of the Compound Powder of Scammony, L. Ph. tea, twelve, or fifteen grains. Powder with Scanunony and Aloes, L. Ph« Dose, ten or twelve grains. The two last-mentioned compositions are best exhibited in the form of pills or boluses. Powder ivith Scammony and Calomel, L. Ph. Dose, fifteen grains. A larger dose of this powder, such as a scruple, may be given at once ; but in most of those cases 46 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. CkiSS ft of constipated bowels (worm cases excepted) to which this medicine is suited, smaller quantities of it, repeated at shorter intervals, being less liable to be rejected by the stomach, will be found to answer best. The same may be said of all the other drastic purgatives. Gamboge Powder. R. Gambogiae gr. iij. Sacchar. puriricat. 3j. Tere simul in Pulv. To be taken every 3d hour. In dropsies. Culled. This author is of opinion, that gamboge, in moderate doses, repeated soon after one another, proves safer and more effectual than when given in large doses at once. In this manner, he found it to operate without vomiting or griping : and at the same time, after three or four such exhibi- tions, a great deal of water was evacuated both by stool and urine. In worm cases this cathartic is given in much larger doses. See Anthelmintics. Both as a vermifuge and as a hydragogue, it is common to join calomel with it. Pills ivith Soap and Aloes* R. Sapon. Venet. ^jss. Aloes socot. *,ss. Syr. Simpl. q. s. Ut fiant Pilulae, singula pondeie gran, vr. Class L EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS, 47 Three to be taken every 3d hour, with a draught of tea, or gruel afterwards. In cases of jaundice. Altered from Hartman. According to Dr. Cull en, soap possesses but little laxative power. He allows, however, that he has found it useful in jaundice, by its correct- ing (as he chuses to explain its operation) the aci- dity of the stomach, and by obviating in some measure the argillaceous consistence of the faeces* Pills ivith Soap and Rhubarb. R. Pulv. Rhabarb. Extr. Geniianse. Sapon. Hispan. singulorum, partes aequales.. Syr. Simpl. q. s. XJt fiant Pilulae mediocri magnitudine. Dose, 3 or 4 occasionally. Suited to the last mentioned case3. Altered from Reuss. Disp. Pills with Rhubarb and Aloes. Give of the Compound Pills of Rhubarb, Ed. Ph. 3j twice a day. In the same manner may be given the Pills with Aloes and Myrrh, L. Ph. Pills with Aloes and Gamboge. R. Aloes socot. partes v. Sagapeni partes iij. Garnbogiae partes ij. Ol. Stillat. Chamsemel. partem j, Gum. Arab, partes ij. Syrup. Spina; Cervinae q. 8. Ut fiant Pilulae* 48 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Class L From 6 to 10 grs. of this mass operate gently without giving pain, in most cases. G. Fordyce. The gum arabic here directed is necessary to rive a due consistency to the mass. Pills with Aloes and Extract of Gentian. Give of the Compound Pills of Aloes, L. Ph. 15 or 20 grs. it bed time. In cases of habitual costiveness. Pills with Aloes and Ipecacuanha. R. Aloes socot. 3ij. Pulv. Ipecac, gr, iv. Sapon. Hisp. 3j. Fiant Pil. singulae pond. gr. iv. Five to be taken for a dose. Designed for cases of sup- pressed haemorrhoids. Hartman. Aloes is a cathartic which operates especially upon the rectum ; and hence it will often succeed in bringing on the bleeding piles, the stopping of which is sometimes followed by dangerous con- sequences. But with this intention it must be given in large and repeated doses. Quicksilver Pills. Give of the Quicksilver Pill, L. Ph. 3j. at bed time, assist- ing the operation of the pills the next morning with infusion of senna, or solution of vitriolated natron, vitriolated mag r nesia, or the like. The Quicksilver Pills, Ph. Lond. are stronger Class L EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 4§ than those of the Ed. Pharmacopoeia. Of the former 12 grs. contain 4 grs. of triturated quick- silver, whereas 1 5 grs. of the latter contain only 3-|- grs. of the same metallic ingredient. Pills with Colocynth and Scammony. R. Extr. Colocynth. compos. 3j. Opii purificat. gr. j. Fiant Pil. iv. To be taken at once, assisting their operation a few hours afterwards, with the Senna Draught, Draught with Vitriolated Magnesia, or Draught with Oil of Ricinus, as mentioned far- ther on, every hour, or every two hours, till the bowels are sufficiently purged. In cases of iliac passion, and in the colic of Poitou, or dry belly-ach. See Mead. In the last mentioned disease, viz. the colic of Poitou, or as it is variously termed, the Devon- shire colic, the Painter's colic, &c. Sir G. Baker observes, that we ought principally to rely on the operation of the more active cathartics, steadily insisted on until the bowels have been thoroughly cleared. But a physician, he adds, will not pro- bably succeed so soon, or so certainly, in relieving his patient from pain, by any means, as by joining opium (which we see is done in this prescription of Dr. Mead's) with a purgative medicine. In eases, likewise (continues the same author) where such a disposition to vomiting prevails, that nothing is retained in the stomach, opium will be thus administered with a peculiar advantage. In E 50 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. CldSS P. other respects, Sir George differs both in opinion and practice, from some other practitioners, and particularly from the late Dr. Warren, concerning the time and manner of exhibiting the anodyne ; which the last mentioned physician prescribes at the very beginning, and before the contents of the bowels have been brought away by purging medicines; considering the disease to consist in a spasmodic constriction of the intestines, which the irritating effects of cathartics are at first apt to increase. Agreeably to these notions, he with- holds the medicines of this class till the third or fourth day, till the pain and tension of the belly are removed ; and then he only prescribes some of the milder laxatives, such as the Draught with Vitriolated Magnesia, as noticed farther on. A practice similar to this of Dr. Warren's, was adopted by the late Dr. Stoll, for the cure of the same affection. The Vienna physician employed the opium mostly in a fluid form (as in the mix- ture with opium, mentioned under the class of Narcotics) and so freely, that in the course of one night, a patient took 1 3 grs. of the poppy extract. He was frequently astonished to find, he says, that the belly, which could not before be opened by any means, after giving a large dose of opium, either became loose of itself, or yielded to the glysters which had been repeatedly thrown up, but to no purpose, before; or lastly, stools might then be procured by the use of a mild purge. Class I. EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 51 Instead of throwing opium into the stomach, either along with or before the cathartic, Dv Per- cival advises the injecting of it into the intestines* in these cases. For opium given glyster-wise, does not, he observes, check the peristaltic motion of the intestines, nor counteract the operation of any purgative, so powerfully, as when received into the stomach. And, in this way it is said to be most efficacious in alleviating the sickness, and in putting a stop to the violent retchings with which colics are often attended. He directs a glyster to be made of 3 or 4 ounces of a strong decoction of poppy heads, with 20, 30, or 40 drops of tincture of opium. If it be speedily dis- charged, the glyster is repeated till the pain is re- lieved, and the vomiting ceases. A brisk cathartic (in the form of pills made of calomel and jalap) is then given ; and its operation is quickened by senna tea, by a solution of the neutral salts, or by castor oil. By this process, he has found that evacuations are procured with more ease, cer- tainty, and expedition, than by any other which he has tried. The activity of the above pills is considerably promoted by the addition of calomel, which will be found to be an useful adjunct in most cases. In the same manner, in the same doses, and in the same cases, may be given the Fills with Aloes and Colocynth, Ed. PL 52 BVACUANT8. E. CATHARTICS. Class L Calomel Pills. R. Calomel (Submuriatis Hydr. Ph. Ed.) gr. xij. * Pulv. Aromat. 3ss. Muc. G. Ar. q. s. Ut fiant Pil. iv. For one dose. In the diy belly ach, so common in the West Indies. Clark. In these cases Dr. Clark considers Calomel in large doses (gr. xij. or xv.) as the sheet anchor. Some practitioners join opium with the calomel. The dry belly ach is the same disease with the colicapictonum. Pills with Jalap, Calomel, and Ant imonial Powder. R. Pulv. Jalapii gr. v. Antimonialis gr. iij. Calomel. (Submuriat. Hydrarg. Ph. Ed.) gr. ij. Muc. G. Arab. q. s. Ut fiant Pil. iij. To be taken every hour until they shall have produced co- pious evacuations by stool. In the remittent fevers of the West Indies. Lempriere. The Pulvis Antimonialis, Ph. L. is called in the new Ed. Pharmacopoeia, Oxidum Antimonii cam Phosphate Calcis. Very large doses of calomel and jalap are pre- scribed by the West Indian and American practi- tioners, in the yellow fever. Dr. Rush seldom gives less than 10 grs. of the former, and 15 of the latter, for a single dose, in such cases. # People living in the West Indies often require 3 times as snuch calomel for a dose as-persons in Europe. ClaSS I. EVACVANTS. K. CATHARTICS. 53 Pills with Gamboge and Calomel. R. Gambogiae gr. iv. Calomel. (Submur. Hydr. Ph. Ed.) gr. iij. Extr. Colocynth. comp. gr. xv\ Bals. Per. q. s. Ut fiantPil. viij. To serve for two doses. The £d dose to be repeated a an Jiour after the first. In dropsical cases. Varied from Hautmax . Formerly it was usual to join a variety of sub- stances, but particularly alkaline and neutral salts with gamboge, under the notion that they acted as correctors of its supposed virulence ; but this notion, and the practice founded upon it, are now laid aside. For the purpose, however, of promot- ing the cathartic and diuretic operation of this gum resin, it is useful to give occasional draughts of solution of vitriolated magnesia, vitriolated na- tron, or any other saline purgative, after it. Mercury, independently of its effects on the lymphatic system, is otherwise peculiarly service- able as a purgative in hydropic cases; most of the encysted instances of which, as Dr. James Lind has very judiciously remarked, proceed from col- lections of the taenia hydatigena, to which the quicksilver, some of which is absorbed in its pas- sage through the bowels, proves a certain poison. The case related by him in the first part of the London Medical Journal for the year 1789, is a striking proof of the truth of this ob- 5 i EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Class L servation. In such cases, mercurial inunction upon the hydropic part is likewise of great ser- vice. See Sialagogues. Pills with Extract of Black Hellebore. R. Extr. Hellebor. nigri. Myrrhae aa £ss. Extr. Gentianae 3ss. Fiant Pilulae. singula? ponder, gr. iij. One or two pills to be taken twice a day, oroftener. Suited to cases of dropsy and amenorrhaea. Varied from the Ph. Genev. This formula is an imitation of Bacher's pills. In dropsical cases jalap may be joined with the hellebore extract in place of the myrrh, adding a few drops of some essential oil to prevent gripings. During the use of this medicine, dropsical pa- tients should be directed to drink plentifully of lemonade, juniper-tea, &x. as by so doing a co- pious evacuation by urine as well as stool, will be produced. m Rhubarb Bolus. R. Pulv. Rhabarb. 5ss. Syr. Zingib. q. s. Ut fiat Bolus. To be taken in a morning. Sr. Thos. Iiosp, Bolus with Rhubarb and Jalap. R. Pulv. Rhabarb. £ss. ■■ Jalap. 3ss. Glass 1, EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 55 Syr. Zingib. q. s. Ut fiat Bolus. Saunders. Bolus with Rhubarb and Calomel. R. Pulv. Rhabarb. gr. xxv. Calomel. (Submur. Hydrarg. Ph. Ed.) gr. v. Syr. Simpl. vel Cons. Cynosb. q. s. Ut fiat Bolus. To be given every morning in dysenteries. See Pringle, Who says that the proportion of Rhubarb may sometimes be increased to half a drachm. He observes that it is commonly under-dosed, and that he has never found it in this disorder to have so good an effect as when combined with calomel, which renders it more lenient in its operation. See also Cleghorn, Clark, and other writers on the diseases of warm climates, for corroborating tes- timonies respecting the advantages of calomel purges in dysentery. Jalap Bolus. R. Pulv. Jalapii 5SS. — Zingrb. gr. vj. Syr. Ros. q. s. Ut fiat Bolus. To be taken in a morning. Saunders. . The operation of all compositions of this kind, should be promoted by the use of neutral salts. 56 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Class 1. It is not unusual to direct crystals of tartar to be joined with rhubarb and jalap boluses ; but in these cases it is much better to give this, and all other salts, some time after the boluses, in a state of dilute solution. Scammony Bolus, R. Elect. Scammon. ^ss. Pulv. Glycyrrhiz. q. s. Ut fiat Bolus. Bolus ivith Bryony. R. Pulv. Rad. Bryoniae alb 3ij. Natr. vltriolat. (Sulphat. Sods, Ph. Ed.) 3j. Mellis vel Syr. Simpl. q. s. ' Ut fiat Bolus. This is a drastic purge, suited to dropsical and maniacal cases. Hartman. On account of its active virtues, this plant, though not inserted in the materia medica of our college, has a strong claim to the attention of practitioners ; and it might perhaps, as well as a few other indigenous vegetables, under proper ma- nagement, be made to supply the place of some of the more costly exotics. — Among our own countrymen, Sydenham employed it with advan- tage, removing a maniacal aifection by a drachm o r the root given in milk. Along with its pur- gative, it generally shews also a diuretic operatiop. (See Practical Synops. of the Mat. Med. p. 187.) To prevent griping, two or three drops of oil of Class I. EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 57 peppermint, or any other essential oil, may be added. Electuary with Tamarinds and Rhubarb. R. Pulpae Tamarind. 5jss. Pulv. Rhabarb. 5J. Cryst. Tart. (Supertartrit. Potassax, Ph. Ed.) Jtj. Syr. Ros. q. s. Ut fiat Electuarium. Dose, the size of a walnut every 3d or 4th hour till it ope- rates, with a draught of some weak cooling drink after eacii dose. In bilious and putrid fevers. Hartman. Electuary with Tamarinds and Tartarked Natron. R. Pulp. Tamarind, jjss. Manns opt. Natr. tartarisat. aa |si. Syr. Ros. q s. Ut fiat Electuarium. Dose, the same as above. Varied from Sauwdeus. The sal rupellensis or natron tartarisatum (s^ys Dr. Cullen) is of a less disagreeable taste than almost any other neutral salt ; and as it answers every purpose for which these can be required, he expects it [will come to be very generally em- ployed. It is a triple salt, and is the tartrie po- tassae et sodae of the new Edinb. Pharm. Electuary with Tamarinds and Senna. R. Pulp. Tamarind. Jiss. Pulv. Fol. Senna? ^ss. 58 EVACUANTS. £. CATHARTICS. CiaSS L Syr. Ros. q. s. Ut fiat §lectuarium. Dose, as above. Pk. Suec. Electuary with Manna and Crystals of Tartar . R. Mannae opt. 3jss. Cryst. Tart. (Supertartrit. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) ^ss. Syr. Ros. q. s. Ut fiat Electuariurm Dose, a tea spoonful every hoar till it operates. Varied from Herz. Electuary with Jalap & Oxymel of Meadow Saffron. R. Succ. sp r ssat. Bacc. Sambuci 3J. Crystal. Tartari (Supertart. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 5"iij. Pulv. jalap. 5ij. Zingib. 3ij. Oxymel. Colchici 5JSS. Misceantur ut flat Eleetuarium. Dose, from a tea to a table spoonful. In dropsical cases Varied from the Disp. Fuld. Sulphur Electuary. R. Sulphur, sublimat. 5SS. Elect. Sennae sjss. Syr. Ros. q. s. Ut fiat Eleetuarium. Dose, a tea spoonful night and morning. In hemorrhoidal affections. With the substitution of syrup of roses for syrup of marsh mallow, this is from Lewis's Disr. This composition may be further varied in Class I. EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS.. 50 these cases, by directing only an ounce of the elect, sennas, and adding -V an ounce of crystals of tartar; and employing syrup of ginger in place of the above-mentioned syrups. Sulphur, says Dr. Cullcn, is laxative without heating the body, and for the most part without griping the bowels; and were it not for the faetor that sometimes attends its operation, and is ready to be diffused in the air around, it would be, he thinks, one of the most agreeable laxatives that could be employed. As it is not obviously so- luble in the animal fluids, he supposes it passes through a long tract of the intestines, with little action upon them, and at length acts only upon the great guts : and in this way he explains both its moderate operation, and its particular and frequently observed effect in relieving hemor- rhoidal affections. In the same manner may be given the Electuary of Cassia, and the Electuary of Senna. Senna Draught. R. Infus. Senna? tartarisat. 3J. Tinct. Sennoe 5'ij. M. Mead. In many cases the quantity of this infusion may be increased to Jj ss > a "d that of the tinc- ture to gss, for a dose. In the same quantities may (with or without 60 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Class I. an addition of the tinctures of rhubarb and senna) be given the Infusion of Rhubarb, and the Infusion of Tamarind and Senna, Both of the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia. Draught with Infusion of Senna and Vitriolaied Magnesia. R. Magnes. Vitriolat. (Sulphat. Magnes. Ph. Ed.) 51J. Infus. Sennae 3J. Solve. To be taken every two hours till stools are procured. In co» lica pictonum. Warren. In this affection of the bowels, the Doctor says, he has always found such a gentle medicine as this more efficacious than any drastic purge whatever. It is not specified in the original prescription, which of the cathartic salts is intended, viz. whether it be the bitter cathartic salt, i. e. the titriolated magnesia, or the cathartic salt of Glau- ber, i. e. the vitriolated natron. The effects of both being the same, either of them may be used indifferently. Where the stomach is not disposed to reject the medicine, an increased quantity of the senna in- fusion may be prescribed. Draught with Infusion of Senna and Tincture of Jalap. XI. Infus. Sennae *j. €laSi 1. EYACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 01 Tinct. Jalap. 1$s. Acet. Scillae. Tinct. Cinnam. comp. aa $j. M. Designed for dropsical cases. Varied from Fox's Form. Instead of infusion of senna, an equal quantity of any of the distilled waters, with a couple of drachms of some of the cathartic salts dissolved in it, may sometimes be preferable. Draught with Infusion of Tamarinds and Rhubarb. R. Tamavindor. ^ss. Fol. Sennae 5ij. Rhabarbari 5jss. Coque s. q. Aquae. In Colatur. 5'iij. Solve Mannae |j. To be taken early in a morning. Jn dysenteries. With the omission of an ounce of syrup oi roses (a cum- bersome addition to a medicine otherwise sufficiently bulky) this is the favourite potio cathartica lenitiva of Sydenham. Draught with Castor Oil and Tincture of Soma. R. Ol. Ricini £vj. Tinct. Sennas 5'rj. Agitentur simul in phin.la donee probe misceantur, To be given for a dose, and to be repeated at short interval* ti]l it loosens the belly. In cases of habitual costiveness, spas- modic colic, and especially the dry belly ach, and in hemor- rhoidal affections. CULLE>\ As an oil, this medicine is nauseous to some per- sons; and when the dose is large, ;t occasions 62 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Class L sickness at the stomach for some time after it is taken. To obviate these inconveniences, with- out withdrawing any part of the purgative, Dr. Cullen here employs the tincture of senna, which, he says, both makes the oil less nauseous to the taste, and makes it sit easier on the stomach. Draught with Castor Oil and Tincture of Opium, R. Ol. Ricini ^ss. Vitell. Ovi. q. s. Aq. menth. pip. 5j Tinct. Opii gtt. vj. Syr. Papav. alb. 5'ij. M. F. Haustus. To be taken every three or four hours. In colic. See PercivaI. For incorporating expressed oils with water or other liquids, vegetable mucilage, such as gum arabic, seems preferable to the yolk of egg. It is not unusual to mix this oil with other liquids, by means of honey, which at the same time contributes to its laxative operation, and on this account is preferable to the common muci- lages. But the simplest, and perhaps the best way of taking the oil of ricinus, is to pour it into a wine-glass half full of common water or pepper- mint water, and swallow it off as it floats upon he water. Draught with Gamboge and Syrup of Buckthorn. R. Gambqgise gr. m. Class 1. EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 63 Aq. Ammonias gtt. xx. Tere simul et adde Syr. Spinae Cervinae 51J. Aq. foenicuh 5J. M. Designed for cases of dropsy. HaRTM AIT. Draught with Wine of Aloes and Oxymel of Squill. R. Vin. Aloes 5JSS. Oxymel. Scill. '5'ij. Aq. fceniculi 5SS. Suited to the same cases. See Fox's Form. Draught of the Compound Tincture of Rhubarb. Give of the Compound Tinct. of Rhubarb an ounce and a half. In the same quantity may be given the Compound Tincture of Rhubarb, Ed. Ph. Draught of Wine of Aloes. Give of the Wine of Aloes an ounce. In the same manner may be given the Tincture of Aloes, Instead of giving these tinctures by themselves, it is much better to prescribe them in smaller doses, mixed with a triple proportion of infusion of rhubarb, infusion of senna, infusion of tama- rinds, &c. or with solutions of some of the neu- tral salts. 64 EVACtfANTS. E. CATHARTICS. CklSS L Potion of Phosphorated Natron. Give for a dose £vj. of the phosphorated natron (phosphate of soda, Ed. Ph.) dissolved in a basin of gruel or broth. This neutral salt, introduced as an article ot the materia medica by Dr. George Pearson, is among the least unpalatable of all the saline pur- gatives. It has been objected, however, that even in larger doses, such as an ounce or ten drachms, it is not sufficiently operative in the generality of cases. Solution of Pltriolated Magnesia. R. Magnes. Vitriolat. (Sulphat. Magn. Ph. Ed.) 51J, Aquae purae ftj. Solve. Dose, two large spoonfuls every half hour, or one spoonful at shorter intervals, as long as the patient's stomach will bear it, or till he has had two or three motions. In colicky affections. Pringle. This medicine was recommended to Sir J. Pringie by Dr. Heberden, who found that, al- though it has a disagreeable taste, the stomach will often retain it when more grateful liquors are rejected. Solution of Vilr'wlaled Natron with Tartarised Antimony. K. Natr. Vitriolat. (Sulphat. Sodae, Ph. Ed.) 3j. Antim. tartar, (tirtlit. Ant. Ph. Ed-) gr. j. Aq. purae Icj. Solve. Class I. EVACJUANTS. £. CATHARTICS. 6j Dose, two large spoonfuls every hour until it operates Well downwards. See Wade. The proportion of the cathartic salt may some- times be doubled. Vitriolated natron, or vitrio- lated magnesia^ given in this manner, in conjunc- tion with tartarised antimony, is a purgative par- ticularly suited to the bilious fevers of hot cli- mates. It is upon the early and continued use of evacuants of this kind, that the cure of such fevers principally depends. With the antimonial salt in a larger proportion, we have what is termed an emeto-cathartic ; a medicine which operates both upwards and downwards. Mixture with Syrup of 'Buckthorn arid Oxymel of Squill. R. Kali praeparat. (Carbonat. Potassoe, Ph. Ed.) 3jss, Succ. Limon. rec. |ijss. Aq. Menth. pip. Syr. Spinae cervinse aa |ij, Oxymel. Scillae 3jss. '"Three large spoonfuls to be taken night and morning ; and to be repeated every 3d day in the same manner. In dropsies* Varied from Fox's Form* This medicine is both cathartic and diuretic. Infusion of Hedge Hyssop. R. Herb. Gratiolae 5J. Lacfcis fervent, tbj. F 66 EVACUANTS* £. CATHARTICS. Class L Die:ere ad cineres calidos per horam. Colaturae adde Mellis 3ss. Dose, two or three table spoonfuls every hour or every 2nd hour. In hydropic and worm cases.' • Haiitman. For dropsical patients, the herb may be infused in the proportion of two drachms to half a pint; and with such intention, beer may be employed instead of milk. This is an active medicine, being liable to vomit as well as purge ; for which reason it will be prudent to use it only in small doses. Bergius (whose practice in certain cases is to give ten grains of it in powder, with half as much gen- tian, every two hours till it operates) thinks that this plant is by no means undeserving of the at- tention of physicians. This plant, says Dr. Woodville, has commonly been used in hydro- pical diseases ; and in moderate doses it is said not only to act as an hydragogue, but also to prove diuretic. Gesner and Bergius found a scruple of the powder a sufficient dose ; but others have given it to half a drachm, two scru- ples, or a drachm. Decoction of Tamarinds. K. Tamarindor. 31J* Ser. Lactis dulc. ifcij. Soive coquendo et cola. Dose, a tea cupful every hour or every 2nd hour in dy- senteries. Stoll, Class L EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. 67 Who used to add a few drops of Hoffman's anodyne liquor to this decoction. In many cases the pro- portion of tamarinds may be doubled. Decoction of Tamarinds with Variolated Magnesia. R. Tamarindor. ^ij. Magnes. Vitr. (Sulphat. Magn. Ph. Ed.) 5j. Aq. purae 3 XV U- Solve eoquendo et cola. Dose, a tea cupful. In bilious fevers, &c. After the manner of Tissot. At the option of the prescribe^ other neutral salts may be substituted in place of the vitriolated magnesia ; viz. crystals of tartar, vitriolated kali, tartarised natron, &c. Decoction of Tamarinds with Tartarised Antimony, R. Pulp. Tamarind, ^ij. Mannae opt. 3j. Crystall. Tart. (Supertartrlt. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) *ss. Coque in Aq. purae ftj. Dein cola, et adde Antimon. Tartar, (Tartrit. Antim. Ph. Ed.) gr. ij. Dose, 3 or 4 table spoonfuls every hour or every 2nd hour. In bilious fevers and dysenteries. Varied from Vogel. Decoction of Dandelion, R. Rad. Taraxaci £ij. Aq. purae tbjss. Decoque ad ibj. Colaturas adde F2 68 EVACUANTS, E. CATHARTICS. ClaSS L Kali vitriolat. (Sulphat. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 5iij. Syr. Ros. 5J, M. Dose, a tea cupful every 2nd hour till it operates. In cases of jaundice and obstructed liver. Altered from Q'JARIK. Decoction of Broom-tops, R. Summitat. Genist. 3SS. Aq. purse foj. Decoque ad Ifcss. Two table spoonfuls of the strained decoction to be given every hour till it operates by stool, or till the whole is taken. Cull en*. It seldom fails to operate both by stool and urine ; and by repeating this exhibition every day, or every second day, some dropsies have been cured. See also Mead, Monit. et Praecept. Med. in Capite de Hydrope Ascit. Decoction of Elder Bark. R. Corticis interior. Sambuci manipul. iij. Coquantur in Aquae et Lactis simul mister, feij. ad ibj. One half of the decoction to be taken in the morning, and the other half in the evening, every day till the patient re- covers. It operates botli by stool and urine. Designed for dropsical patients. Sydenham; This prescription is open to some objection. Three handfuls, as Dr. Cullen has properly re- marked, arc a very uncertain measure ; and the quantity here directed for a dose, will operate too powerfully for most constitutions. Class L EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. t>0 Decoction with Black Hellebore. K. Rad. Hellebor. nigri Kali tart. (Tartrit. Potassx, I'd. EcL) aa $ij. lol. Sennae 5SS. Dccoque cum nq. parse ftj. ad colatar. :>x. dein adds Oxym. Scill. 5VJ. Dose, two or three large spoonfuls every four or five hours. In maniacal cases. With an increased proportion of oxymel of squill, and with the omission of a little syrup of buckthorn, this is from Wl STRING HAM. It is a matter of great doubt whether black hellebore possesses any advantages over any of the other stronger cathartics in maniacal cases (See Practical Synopsis of the Mat. Med. Vol. I. p. '200.) And with regard to the oxyrnel of squill, we may remark that tartarised antimony, in proper doses, is much better suited to the majority of such cases. Clyster ivith Common Salt. K. Natr. muriat. jij. Solve in Aq. tepidse ftj. This is a stimulating purgative clyster, said to be useful in apoplectic and lethargic case.-. See Hart man. In the navy, the common purging clyster con- sists of a pint of sea-water. 70 EVACUANTS. E. CATHARTICS. Class L Clyster with Vitriolated Magnesia. R. Magnes. Vitr. (Sulphat. magnes. Ph. Ed.) Sjss, Aq. tepidae fcj. Solve. Donald Monro, Clyster with Extract of Colocynth. JR. Extr. Colocynthidis 5J. Aq. tepidae tbj. Misce, fiat Enema. Suited to apoplectic and lethargic cases. Hartman. Vinegar Clyster. See Repeigerants. Turpentine Clyster, Lew. D. Turpentine injected into the intestines, in the quantity of half an ounce 3 or six drachms, proves, as Dr. Cullen has remarked, one of the most cer- tain laxatives that can be employed in colics, and other cases of obstinate costiveness. Tobacco Clyster. R. Nicotianae 5ij. Aq. ferventis Ibj. Fiat Infusum et cola pro enemate. In the iliac passion, and colica pictonum. Blank. In these cases, as well as in cases of incarcerated Class L EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. *]\ hernia tobacco-smoke introduced per anum, often produces a very speedy and powerful effect. For milder forms of evacuating clysters, see Emollients. EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS, The operation of diuretics (i. e. of those me- dicines which increase the urinary excretion) is greatly promoted by plentiful dilution; which should by no means be withheld from dropsical patients, though for many years past, the con^ trary method has too much prevailed. The me- dical world is much indebted to Sir F. Milman, for the pains he has taken to shew the propriety of indulging such patients in the free use of liquids. In confirmation of the propriety of this method, the observation of the late Dr. Cullen may be added. He has remarked that he always thought it absurd in physicians to employ diuretics, while they enjoined an abstinence from drink, which is almost the only means of conveying these diu- retics to the kidneys : whenever therefore he em- ployed diuretics, he at the same time advised drinking freely ; and he was persuaded that drink- ing largely often contributed to the cures he made. Enumeration of the principal Diuretics* Cantharis Meloe vt'sicatorius* Spanish Fly. ?2 EVACUANTS. P. DIURETICS. CUlSS t Colchicum Colchicum autumnate. Meadow saifron. Digitalis. . , * . . Digitalis purpurea. Foxglove. Dulcamara Solarium Dulcamara. Bitter Sweet. Woody Nightshade. Gambogia Stalagmitis Gambogioides ? Gamboge. Genista Spartium scoparium^ Broom. Juniperus Juniperus communis. Juniper. Nicotiana Nicotiana Tabacum, Tobacco. Fix liquida e Pino Syhestri. Tar. From the Pinus Sykestris* Sarsnparilla Smilax Saraa par ilia. Sarsaparilla. Seneka Poly gala Senega. Rattlesnake root. Scilla. ..... Scilla mariti7na. Squill. Terebinthina e Pino Larice. Turpentine. From the Pinus Larii, Ulmus Ulmus campestris. The Elm r Crystalli Tartari Supertratris Potassae, Ph. Ed. Crystals of Tartar. (Cream of Tartar.) Supertartrite of Potass. Kali prseparatum Carbonas Potassce, Ph. Ed. Prepared Kali. (Mild Vegetable Alkali.) Carbonate of Potass. Ivali acetatum. ..... Acetis Potassae Ph. Ed. Acetated Kali. (Diuretic Salt.) Acetite of Potass, Kali citratum Citras Potassae. Cifrated kali. Citrate of Potass, Class I. EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. ?3 Kali nitratum Nitras Potassre, Ph. Ed. Nitrated kali. (Nitre.) Nitrate of Potass. Kali vitriolatum Sulphas Potassae, Ph. Ed. Vitriolated kali. (Vitriolated tartar.) Sulphate of Potass. Natron praeparatum Carbonas Sodae, Ph. Ed. Prepared natron. (Mild mineral alkali.) Carbonate of Soda, [Natron tartarisatum Tartris Potassae et Sodae, Ph. Ed. Tartarised natron. (Rochelle Salt.) Tartrite of Potass and Soda. Spiritus Athens nitrosi. Spirit of Nitrous iEther. (Dulcified Spirit of Nitre.) Aqua communis. Common Water. Pleraeque Aquae minerales, nempe aquae Fontium Salinorum, Most Mineral Waters 5 viz. the Waters of Saline Springs. Aquae ferrum continentes. Chalybeate Waters. Aquae gas acido carbonico fcetae. Waters abounding in carbonic acid gas. Aquae gas hydro-sulphureto fcetae. Waters impregnated with sulphurated hydrogen gas (Sulphureous mineral waters.) Powder with Squill and Cinnamon, Jfc. Scillae exsiccat. gr. ij. Pulv. Cinnamom. gr. xij. M. F. Pulvis. To be given twice a day. In dropsies. Mellin. If the squill in this powder should occasion much sickness, the proportion of it may be re- /4 EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. Class L duced to a single grain, repeating the dose oftener, viz. thrice in 12 or 14 hours; for it is observed by Dr. Cullen, that when the squill operates strongly on the stomach and intestines, its diuretic effects are less ready to happen. By accompanying it with an opiate, he found that the emetic and purgative operation of it may be avoided, and that it may be thereby carried more entirely to the kidneys. Powder with Squill and Juniper Berry. R. Sciliaa exsiccat. gr. ij. Bacc. Junip. exsicc. gr. xviij. Tere in Pulv. To be taken three times a day. In the same cases. Varied from Thedkjt. Powder with Squill and Vitriolated Kali. V\. Scillae exsiccatae. Pulv. Zingib. aa gr. xij. Kali Vitr. (Sulphat. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 51}. Misceantur, lit fiat Pulvis. Dose, from 10 to 20 grs. twice or thrice in a day. In the same cases. Disp. Fuld. Powder with Squill and Nitrated Kali. lx. Scillae exsiccat. gr. xij. Pulv. Cinnamom. 3ij. Kali Nitrat. (Kitrat. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 5Jss. Mi F. Pulvis, in partes vj vel viij dividendus. One to be given every 4th or 5th hour. In the same cases* Varied from. Reuss, Disr. Class L EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. Jf5 Pills with Squill and Ammomacum. Give of the Squill Pills, Lond. and Ed. Ph. 15 or CO grs. for a dose. Natron Pills. It. Natr. praeparat. (Carbonat. Sodae, Ph. Ed.) a'«ri*« skco (sine igne) in pulv. exsiccat. 5J. Saponis hispan. 3iv. Bals. Per. q. s. Ut riant Pilulae xxx. Three to be taken 3 times a day. In cases of calculus. Beddoes, V/ho was led to contrive this formula in conse- quence of a person who was much afflicted with the gravel, complaining that he was unable to per- severe in the use of the aqua mephitica alkalina, (the aqua supercarbonatis potassas Ph. Ed. when prepared with the vegetable alkali, and the aqua supercarbonatis sodas Ph. Ed. when prepared with the mineral alkali) on account of the great dizzi- ness it always occasioned. Dr. Beddoes produces several cases, which show that these pills are ex- tremely beneficial in calculous complaints, and that they may, without injury, be taken in very large quantities, and continued for a great length of time. Simplicity and cheapness are the great recommendations of this medicine. He cannot determine, for want of comparative ob- servations, whether it is inferior in efficacy to 76 feVACUANTS. **, BIUKETICS. JCfa* L the more operose preparation, the aqua mephitica alkalina. He candidly adds, that there can be no reason to suppose it superior ; and that he should not have offered it to public notice, if the aqua mephitica alkalina were as easy to procure. In order to expedite the expulsion of the water t>f crystallization, the natron may be. spread out before a fire, or the vessel containing it may be placed in boiling water, and the pounded crystals stirred till they have lost rather more than half their weight. The recent crystals contain indeed 64 parts of water in 100; but unless kept close, they lose part of this water, and it is prudent not to carry the calcination too far, if artificial heat be applied ; nor should the heat exceed that of boil- ing water, lest any of the volatile acid (the car- bonic acid gas) should be expelled. Of this powder, from one to two scruples taken every day, has generally afforded relief in less than three weeks ; and in no case but one, out of more than twenty that have fallen under his own ob- servation, have they failed to perform every thing that could be desired from medicine, except era- dicating the tendency to form calculous concre- tions, to which no known remedy, he thinks, has the smallest pretensions, Aromatics may be joined with the pills, at the pleasure of the prescribcr; but the author himself remarks that he has never found any such addition, necessary* Class L EYACUANTS. k\. DIUBETICS.. 77 Turpentine Pills. As under Stimulants. Gamboge Powder. As under Cathartics. Bolus with Squill and Nitrated Kali. R. Scilfoe exsiccat. gr. ij. Kali nitrat. (Nitrat. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 3s«, Nucis Moschat. gr. v. Cons. Cynosb. q. s. Ut fiat Bolus. To be taken every morning. In dropsies. Varied from Home. In some cases this bolus may be repeated night and morning. Bolus with Squill and Quicksilver. K. Hydrargyr. purificat. gr. v. Corftervae Sciliae 3j. Tere simul donee hydrargyri globuli visum erTuge- rint> et fiat Boius. To be given at bed time. In the same Gase6 as the last. Varied from Huck Saunders. If it should prove cathartic, a quarter of a grain of opium may be joined with it. It is no objec- tion to the use of this or other combinations of squill with quicksilver, that by a repetition of the. doses the mouth is liable to become affected; since Dr. Lind and other practitioners mention 78 EVACUANTS. P. DIURETICS. Class L that they have often cured very obstinate dropsies by exciting a gentle salivation. Bolus with Squill and Opiate Confection. B. Scillae exsiccat. gr. ij. Confect. Opiat. 3j. F. Bolus. To be taken at bed time. In hydropic cases. After Fox's Form. When squill is given in tolerably large doses, an opiate, says Cullen, may be conveniently employed for directing its operation more certainly to the Ipdneys. See remark under Draught with Vine- gar of Squill. Bolus with Cantharides. R. Cantharid. gr. j. Camphor. (Sp. Vin. s.) gr. v. Conserv. Cynosb. 3j. F. Bolus. To be taken thrice a day. In mucous obstructions of the urinary passages. Varied from Hartman. Combined with nitre, or any other neutral salt, instead of camphor, the Spanish fly may be given as above in dropsies ; though the observations of some late writers render it somewhat doubtful, whether the urinary secretion be increased by can- tharides. On many occasions they seem to act chiefly as Antispasmodics, which see. Larger doses, such as a couple of grains or 7 Class L EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. /p more of the Spanish fly have been ventured upon by some practitioners ; but the safest way, and that which Werlhoff followed, is to begin with a single grain, increasing the dose afterwards, or shortening the intervals of repetition, according to circumstances. Without such precaution, the patient will be liable to be surprised by sudden ac- cessions of distressing symptoms. For further remarks on Cantharides, see Stimulants. Draught with Tincture of Spanish Fly and Spirit of Nitrous jEther. R. Tinct. Cantharid. Sp. JEther. nitros. aa gtt. xv. Aq. purae 5X. Syr. Tolutan. jij. To be taken every 4th hour, desisting if symptoms oi strangury should come on. For dropsies. Altered from Hartman. In some cases ^ss of the acetated kali or some other neutral salt, will be an useful addition to this draught ; and fennel water, or any other dis- tilled aromatic water, may be employed in place of common water, with a diminished proportion of the syrup. Draught with Oxymel of Squill, R. Oxymel. Scillae 5JSS. Aq. Cinnamom. |j. Sp. Lavend. comp. Byr, Aurant. Cort. aa 5J. 3VT. 80 EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. CldSS L To be taken every night for a length of time in dropsical cases. Mead. fraught with Vinegar of Squttl and Citrated KaVi* R. Kali praeparat. 55s. SuccirLimon. rec. 5vj. Misce, et a'dde Aq. Cinnamon. 5J3S. Syr. Aurant. Cort. £j. Sp. Menth. pip. 3SS. Acet. Scillae 5Jss. To be taken twice a day. In the same cases. Me At*. In this formula the proportion of the kali prae- parat, for weakly patients, may be reduced to 9j, of the lemon juice to gss, of the spt. of pepper- mint to 31J, and of the acet. scillae to 3J. Twenty or thirty drops of the tincture of opium (from which both this author and Willis derived extra- ordinary benefit in some hydropic instances) may be added to either of these draughts, according to circumstances. In the two last draughts Tincture of Squills, (in the dose of 30 to 40 drops) may sometimes be employed in place of the oxymel and vinegar of squills. Draught with Oxymel of Meadoio Saffron and Acetaied Kali, R. Kali Acetat. (Acetitts Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 5J. Sp. iEther. nitros. gtt. xv. Class 1. EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. 81 Oxymel. Colchici 5ij. Aq. purse 3j. Sp. Juniperi comp. 3ss. M. To be taken twice a day. Varied from, HaRTMAJT. Storck has one very clumsy form, viz. that of a linctus, of prescribing his oxymel, combined how- ever as in this draught, with the acetated kali and spirit of nitrous aether; two additions which seem to promote its operation, but which may not be always required, especially if the intention be to give it to any great quantity. In that case the oxy- mel may be taken in a cup of tea, or in a draught of some distilled water; beginning with a drachm or two twice a day, and gradually increasing the repetitions of the dose, till at length the patient is brought to take as much as an ounce, or even an ounce and a half, in the course of a day. In the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia sugar in- stead of honey is used with vinegar, thus forming a syrupus colchici, which may be prescribed in the same doses as the oxymel. It has been re- marked, however, in the Practical Synopsis of the Mat. Med. Vol. I. p. 223, that Meadow Saf- fron, as a diuretic, is inferior to squill and fox- glove. Mixture with Infusion of Gentian and Prepared Kali. R. Infus. Flor. Chamaem. %x. Kali praepar. (Carbonat. Potassse, Ph. Ed.) 5J. Sp. Juniperi comp. |ij. M. G S3 EVACUAXTS. F. DIURETICS. Class I. To be taken at 3 doses, and repeated daily. In ascites. With the substitution of infusion o\ chamomile for infusion of wormwood, this prescription is taken from Pringle. Mixture with Ammoniacum and Vinegar of Squill. Jt, Lac. Ammoniaci ^vj. Kali nitrat. (Xitrat. Potasss, Ph. Ed ) 5). Acet. Scillae 5VJ. Sp. Junip. comp. 5 j = s . M. Dose 2 or o large spoonfuls every 4th hour. Varied from Vogler. Dr. Bang, in his Diarium, relates many instances of dropsies removed by the use of ammoniacum joined with squill, as in this mixture. He pre- scribes the oxymel instead of the vinegar of squill. Of the two, however, the last preparation seems to be best suited to such cases. Solution of Super carbonate of Potass. Give of the Aqua Supercarbonatis Potassae, Ph. Ed. 6* or S ounces morning and evening (in some cases 3 times a day.) In the stone and gravel. This is the Aqua Mephitica Alkalina of Falconer. Smaller doses, such as a quarter of a pint only, may be given at first, increasing the quantity after- wards according as the stomach shall bear it. When taken as a preventive, once a day will be sufficient. If it should prove cold or flatulent to the sto- Class I. EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. 83 mach, a tea spoonful of rum, gin, or any other spirituous liquor, may be taken with eaeh dose. Hot milk mixed with the solution, in the propor- tion of about one fourth, has been found to be a very grateful addition, especially in cold weather, tending much to reconcile the medicine to the stomach, without in the least degree impairing its virtues. Sometimes it is necessary to use opiates with this medicine. Five, ten, twenty, or thirty drops of tincture of opium (or a proportionable quantity of camphorated tincture of opium) may be taken either just before or just after the alkaline solution is swallowed; but the quantity of the opiate must be gradually diminished, and at last totally laid aside, when the pain and other urgent symptoms have either ceased, or so far abated as not to cause any great uneasiness. Where from want of a proper apparatus, or from other circumstances, the abovementioned Solution cannot be had, the Natron Pills, mentioned a few pages before, may be given in its stead. Those pills are a cheap, safe, and efficacious formula, particularly adapted to the poor, who, as Dr. Bed- does justly remarks, are by no means exempted from calculous disorders, but are in a great mea- sure precluded from obtaining relief from the al- kaline solution, on account of the expence and other difficulties in procuring it. In the same manner, and in the same closes g 1 84 EVACUANTS. P. DIURETICS. Class I. may be given the acidulous soda water (as it is commonly termed) which is the Aqua Super xarbonatis Sodce, Ph. Ed. Solution of Crystals of Tartar. R. Cryst. Tart. (Supertartrit. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) %si. Aquae purae |xij. Solve. To be given early in the morning. In dropsies. x • Home. Dr. Home generally began with the abovemen- tioned quantity of the crystals, and exhibited them in the miming, at different times ; so that the last dost: was taken an hour before breakfast. The medicine was afterwards gradually increased to six drachms, and in one case to two ounces, in a day. When an ounce a day is given, and excites purg- ing, one half should be exhibited in the morning, and the other in the evening. Crystals of tartar, Jhe observes, have generally been given by others in the solid form of an electuary ; but in such a form, he adds, this salt cannot find fluid in the intestinal canal sufficient for its solution. On the other hand, the quantity of water which is given with it, by Dr. Home's method, increases the diu- retic effect of the medicine, and plentiful dilution is now pretty generally allowed to be a proper prac- tice in hydropic cases. The medicine must be continued until the disease is gone off, and for some days afterwards. Its effects are generally ClaSS I. EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. 85 visible in two or three weeks. If not then, few can be persuaded to try it longer. After the cure by this method, the bark, and other Tonics, are to be administered. Strong testimonies in favour of this mode of administering crystals of tartar, or supertartrite of potass, in dropsical cases may be seen in the 1st and 2d Vols, of Dr. Ferriar's Medical Histories. Juniper Infusion. R. Bacc. Juniperi contus. 3'j. Sem. Anisi 51J. Aq. fervent is ftj. Macera per ij vel iij horas. Dose, a tea cupful frequently. See Bakg. To this infusion it may sometimes be proper to add a couple of ounces of the compound spirit of juniper, and sometimes a drachm or two of tinc- ture of squill. The essential oil of juniper resides, as Dr. Cul- len has noticed, chiefly in the seeds of the berries; so that unless pains are taken, by a strong contu- sion, to break the seeds, the infusion is an agree- able, but weak impregnation, and consequently of little power as a medicine. Of the inspissated juice or rob, which is seldom to be met with in the shops now, Dr. Lewis remarks, that it is an elegant preparation : What Dr. Cullen, however, has observed concerning it, is very just, viz. that so much of its essential oil is dissipated by the 86 EVACUANTS. F, DIURETICS. -Class I. boiling and evaporation, that it is left in the end with hardly any activity. A syrup made from an infusion of the berries, in a close vessel, might not be an improper substitute to the rob. Infusion of Juniper with Nitrated Kali. R. Bacc. Juniperi contus. Jij. Aq. fervent, tbj. Digerantur vase clauso in loco calido: Colatur* adde Kali nitrat. (Nitrat. Potass.ie, Ph. Ed.) ^ij. Syr. Zingiberis %j. M. Dose, 2 or 3 table spoonfuls every 3d hour. Varied from Hartman. Larger doses of nitre (nitrate of potass, Ph. Ed.) have been given in dropsical cases, with good ef- fect, by Dr. Rush of Philadelphia. See the 2d Vol. of his Medical Inquiries. Tar Infusion. Give of the Tar Water, Lew. D. a pint a day, on an emptv stomach, at two or four times, viz. night and morning, and about two hours after dinner and breakfast. More may be taken by strong stomachs, such as a quart at least every twenty- four hours. In scorbutic aifections. See Berk f. ley. Dr. Cullen erroneously supposed that the me- dicinal operation of tar is wholly to be attributed to its acid; but besides its acid, water extracts from tar a considerable quantity of empyreumatic oil, which is rendered soluble in the water by the Class L EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. 87 acid. See Dr. Duncan's edition of the Edinb. New Dispensatory, p. 280. Infusion of Foxglove. R. Fol. exsiccat. Digitalis 5J. Aq. ferventis ibss. Macera per iv boras. Colaturae adde Sp. Nucis Moschat. 3J. M. Two table spoonfuls to be taken twice a day. If the patient be stronger than usual, or the symptoms very urgent, this dose may be given once in eight hours ; and on the contrary, in many instances, half an ounce (one table spoonful) at a time will be quite sufficient. Eight ounces of the infusion may generally be taken before the nausea commences. In dropsies and asthmas. Withering. This active medicine demands great judgment and circumspection in those who administer it. The doses, as this author observes, are not to be repeated too quickly; but sufficient time must be allowed for the effects of each to take place, as it is possible to pour in an injurious quantity of the medicine before any of the signals for forbearance appear. The general direction which he gives is, to stop the exhibition of it as soon as it appears to act either on the kidneys, the stomach, the pulse, or the bowels. It seldom succeeds well if it purges. During the use of it, especially if it should operate strongly, it will be sometimes proper to interpose cordial and tonic medicines. The dried leaves may be likewise given in sub- stance, with the same intention, from one to three S8 EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. Class L grains, twice a day, either by themselves, or united with aromatics ; or as Dr. Ferriar proposes, only \ a grain at shorter intervals, such as every 4th or 5th hour. From some cases which have occurred to him, Dr. Withering is disposed to believe that the digitalis may be given in this manner (viz. in the small doses of two or three grains a day) so as gradually to remove a dropsy, without any other than mild diuretic effects, and without any inter- ruption to its use until the cure be completed. The sickening and purgative effects of this medicine are counteracted by small additions of opiates. Saturated Tincture of Foxglove. R. Pulv. Fol. Digitalis partem j. Sp. Vin. rectificat. (Alcohol. Ph. Ed.) Aquae purae aa partes ij. Digerantur leni calore per 24 horas; dein coletur tinctura per chartam bibulam. Dose, 30 drops in an ounce of mint water, for a draught, to be taken twice or thrice a day j till the anasarca of the Jimbs is reduced, or the difficulty of breathing in hydrothorax is removed, or till sickness is induced. And if these effects do not occur in 2 or 3 days, the dose must be gradually in- creased to 40 or 6"0 drops, or further. Darwin. This author was for many years in the habit of prescribing a strong decoction of the fresh leaves of the digitalis, in the abovementioned cases ; but after much experience he found such a decoction to be a preparation of very uncertain strength; Class I. KVACUANTS. P. DIURETICS. SQ besides the objection that the fresh leaves could only be had during a few months of the year. He therefore very properly substituted the aboveiren- tioned tincture of the dried leaves, in lieu of the decoction of the fresh plant ; following in this respect the example of Dr. Withering, whose practice was generally to give this herb in its ex- siccated state, either in the form of infusion or substance. In the various cases of dropsy abovementioned, other diuretics may often be advantageously com- bined with the digitalis; such as spiritus aether, nitros. crystals of tartar (supertartrite of potass) acetated kali (acetite of potass,) &c. And at all times a small addition of opium is useful. See Ferriar on the Medical Properties of the Digitalis purpurea. The use of this medicine in phthisis pulmonalis, haemoptoe, and other disorders of the lungs, as well as in mania and cases of increased irritability, will be noticed in another place. Decoction of JFoody Nightshade. R. Stipit. Dulcamarae concis. et contus. 3j. Macera s. q. Aquae, fervent, per -i hor. dein ebulli- ant per duodecimam boras partem. Colaturse tbij addan- tur Sp. Cinnamom. 3 i j . M. Dose, a tea cupful thrice a day. In dropsical cases. Altered from QtJARIN. The reason assigned for directing the boiling gO EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. Class I. after the maceration for so short a time, is, to avoid the nauseous bitterness which the decoction is otherwise apt to acquire. The quantity of the plant directed in the original prescription, is two ounces ; but we have thought proper to reduce the proportion to one ounce only, which comes nearer to the quantity ordered in a dissertation, pub- lished under the sanction of Linnaeus ; but .which is still considerably more than what is ordered by Razoux. On the other hand, the decoction pre- pared by the daughter of a Flemish Surgeon, as stated in the Gazette de Sante, seems to have had as large a proportion of the stalks in it as this of Dr. Quarin's. These striking differences, how- ever, in the doses of the medicine, are very well accounted for by Bergius's remark, that the dried stems are not narcotic, and that the fresh plant is by much the most powerful. The abovemention- ed Flemish lady, who had the reputation of pos- sessing a specific for the dropsy, employed, as it is there mentioned, the dried stalks ; and we may conclude that the Vienna physician, though he has not expressly said so, did not make use of the fresh twigs. Besides an ounce of syrup of hyssop, the original prescription contains moreover the same quantity of oxymel of squill ; but we have ventured to throw out both, and to direct in their place two ounces of the spirit of cinnamon; for though the oxymel may at first be supposed likely to contribute to the diuretic operation of the mc- Class 1. EVACUANTS. F. DIURETICS. ()1 dicine, yet by causing that which is apt to be nau- seating of itself, to sit less easy on the stomach, it seems to be, on further consideration, an im- proper addition. To obviate this inconvenience, some have mixed liquorice, others milk, with the decoction ; but the aromatic spirit appears to us preferable to both. Decoction of Seneka, Ed. Ph. As under Expectorants. Decoction of Elm Bark, L. Ph. Give of this Decoction a quarter of a pint, 2 or 3 times a day, in chronic eruptions of the skin. Decoction of Broom. As under Cathartics. Decoction of Elder Bark. As under Cathartics. To all these decoctions may be occasionally added small quantities of acetated kali, (acetite of potass, Ed. Ph.) crystals of tartar, (supertar- trite of potass, Ed. Ph.) &c. Tobacco Syrup. R. Fol. Nicotianae siccat. et concis. 3f suppressions of the menses; but he thinks it is not so proper a remedy in cases of retention. It ivas long since recommended in such cases by Pit- cairn. — Some prescribe, with the same intention, calomel in place of the triturated quicksilver. Pills ivith Aloes mid Vitriolated Iron, {Sulphate of Iron, Ed. Ph.) R. Pulv. Aloes cum Ferro, Ph. L. gr. xliy. Muc, G. Arab. q. s. Ut fiant Pil. xij, Dose, 3 pills night and morning. Class!. EVACUANTS. H. EMMENAGOGUES. 115 Electuary with Extract of Chamomile and Rust of Iron. R. Extr. Chamcemeli £ij. Cons. Cort. Aurant. hispalens. 3J. Rubig. Ferri (Carbonat. Ferri, Ph. Ed.) 5ij. Syr. Zingib. q. s. Ut fiat Electuarium, Dose,' the size of a nutmeg morning and evening. Varied from Hugh Smith. Tincture of Black Hellebore, L. Ph. Give a tea spoonful in a draught of warm water, twice a day. Mead. This remedy, which hardly ever disappointed Dr. Mead's expectations, has not succeeded so well in the hands of other practitioners. Dr. Cullen assures his readers, that in many trials he never found the emmenagogue virtues of this me- dicine, and that he never met with any practitioners of his country, though often trying it, who had better success in this respect. In like manner the late Dr. Heberden's testimony is not in its favour. Compound Tincture of Savine, L. Ph. Dose, one drachm twice a day. Tincture of Aloes, L. and Ed. Ph. I 2 Il6 EVACUAXTS. H. EMMENAGOatJBS. Class 1. Compound Tincture of Aloes, L. Ph. Dose of either, 2 drachms or a tea spoonful twice or thrice a day. MtkereaX Tincture of Aloes, Ed. Ph. Dose, the same as the last. Tincture of Ammoniacal Iron, JL. Ph. Dose, forty or fifty drops twice a day. CLASS II. EMOLLIENTS. A. DILUENTS. TJnder this class is comprehended not only pure water, but water impregnated with the muci- laginous parts of vegetables, and with the gela- tinous parts of animal substances. These liquids ure generally given in a tepid state, and are admi- nistered largely in fevers and bilious complaints ; in diarrhoea and dysentery; in calculous affections, in strangury, &c. Enumeration of the principal Diluents* Aqua communis. Common Water. Infusum Panis tosti. Toast and Water. Infusum Melissa:. Balm Tea. Infusum Theas. Common Tea, Decoctum Avenae. Gruel. Decoctum Hordei. Barley Water. Jusculum carnis bubulae dilutum. Beef Tea. Jusculum Pullinum dilutum. Chicken Water. Serum Lactis. Whey. 118 EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. Class II. EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. Ichthyocolla Acipenser Huso, Isinglas. Sperma Ceti (Sevum Ceti,) Physeter Macrocephalus. Spermaceti. (Suety matter of the physeter whale.) Arabicum Gummi Mimosa nilotica. Gum Arabic. Althaea Althaea officinalis. Marshmallow. Amygdalae dukes Amydalus communis. Sweet Almonds. Amylum Triticum hybcrnum. Starch. Avenae semen decorticatum ej usque farina Avena so* tiva. Groats and Oatmeal. v Glycyrrhiza Glycyrrhiza glabra. Liquorice. Hordei semen decorticatum Hordeum distkhon. Pearl Barley. Lichen Islandicus Lichen islandicus. Iceland liver- wort. Lini semen Li num. visit titissimum. Linseed. Malva Malva sylvestris. Mallow. Maranta. ..... Maranta arundinacea. Indian Arrow Root. Olivae oleum Olea curopcca. Olive Oil. Orchidis radix Orchis mascula. Orchis moriOj &c. Salep. Sagu Metroxylon Sago. Rottboll. See Annals of Sago. Botany, No. II. Vol. I. 9 Class II. EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. 11Q Tragacantha Astragalus Tragacantha. Gum Tragacauth. Tussiiago Tussilago Tarfara. Coltsfoot. 'Cera. Wax. Starch-Troches, LoncL Ph. Gum-Troches, Ed. Ph. One of these troches to be dissolved in the mouth at plea- sure. In coughs, diarrhoeas, &c. Liquorice-Troches , Lond. Pit. Liquorice-Troches with Opium, Ed. Ph. To be used in the same manner, in coughs accompanied with a tickling sensation in the fauces. Compound Powder of Gum Tragacanth, L. Ph. Dose> one or two tea spoonfuls in balm tea, every now and then. In hectic cases, tickling coughs, strangury, dysentery, and gonorrhaea. See Lewis. Mucilage of Gum Arabic, L. and Ed. Ph. Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth, L. and Ed. Ph. Mucilage of Quince Seed, L. Ph. All these mucilages may be given in doses of an ounce, or an ounce and a half. . 120 EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. CklSS II* Mixture with Almond OIL R. Ol. Amygd. d. 3J. G. Arab. 3SS. Aq. purae jgyiij. Misceantur terendo, dein addatur Syr. Althaeas 5J. Dose, one table spoonful 3 or 4 times a day. Ph. Boruss. C. Spei'ma-Ceti Mixture. |L Spermatis Ceti. G. Arab. aa5J. Syr. Papa v. alb. 3J. Exacte et diu subactis sensim add© Decoct. Hordei |viij. Dose, two large spoonfuls every hour, or every 2nd hour, Hartman. Instead of preparing this mixture with decoc- tion of pearl barley, which is not always at hand, it will be better to use common water, in that case doubling or trebling the quantity of gum arable. In all cases fresh almond oil is preferable to the $uety substance called sperma ceti. See Practical Synopsis of the Mat. Med. Vol. II. p. 6. Wax Emulsion. B. Cerae albae (vel flavae,) 5iij. Sapon. alb. hispan. 5J. Aq. purae 3 j. Liquefiant lento igne in vase ferreo, agitando spa* tula y dein efi unde in mortarium et adde paulatim Aquae purae jbij. ClaSS I L EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. 121 Syr. Althaeae. Sp. Cinnamom. aa Jj. Terendo optime tit. fiat Emulsio. Dose, a tea cupful frequently. In dysenteries. Varied from Donald JMonko. This, as Sir J. Pringle has remarked, makes a smooth mixture of no disagreeable taste, of which the patient should take as much at proper inter- nals, as to consume a pint in a day. It was fre- quently used with much success in the military hospitals in America, both by Dr. Huck Saunders and by Mr. W. Russell. In the Emulsio Cerata of the Fulda dispensatory, there are six drachms of wax to a quart of the decoction of marsh-mal- low roots. Almond Milk y L. Ph. Give a tea cupful, or a quarter of a pint, occasionally. In hectic cases, and against heat of urine and stranguries. In the same manner, and in the same cases may be given' the Almond Emulsion, Ed. Ph. and the Arabic Emulsion, Ed. PL Infusion of Orchis-root or Salep. R. Bad. Orchidia (Salep) 5JSS. Aquae ferventis 3W. Macera leni caloreutriat liquor geJatinosuSj Ctii adjicc Syr. Papav. alb. 3jss, 122 EMOLLIENTS. £. DEMULCENTS. Class III Dose, a tea cupful frequently. In diarrhceas, dysen* teries, &c. Bang, A perfect gelly is made by adding -t a pint of hot water to one drachm of the pulverised root, then boiling it gently for a few minutes, and after- wards passing it through a linen or woollen strainer. A dessert spoonful of this jelly may be taken frequently. — Arrowroot-Gelly, which coincides in its properties with the Salep, is made by adding 2 or 3 tea spoonfuls of the arrowroot- powder to 4- a pint of hot water, without boiling or straining. Decoction of Barley, L. and Ed. PL To be drunk at pleasure, in fevers. 1 However trivial, says Lewis, medicines of this class may appear to be, they are of greater impor- tance, in the cure of acute diseases, than many more laborious preparations. Compound Decoction of Barley, L. PL To be taken by cupfuls, in coughs and disorders of the lungs. Decoction of Hartshorn, L. Ph. Dose, a tea cupful, or more, occasionally. In acute diseases attended with a looseness, and where acrimonious humours abound in the primae viae. Lewis. 'ClciSS II. EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. 123 Decoction ivlth Coltsfoot and Liquorice, R. Flor. Tussilagin. exsiccat. 5jss. Had. Glycyrrhiz. contus. ^ss. Aq. purae ftjss. Decoque ad ft>j. et colaturae adde Tinct. Opii gutt.xx. Dose, a tea cupful now and then. In tickling coughs. Varied from Hartman. Decoction of Iceland Liverwort. R. Lichen, island. 5J. Rad. Glycyrrhiz. contus. 5iij. Aq. purae 5xviii. Coque per -i hor. dein cola 3x1V. Dose,, a tea cupful now and then. In phthisis pulmonalis. QlTARIN, The dietetic and medicinal use of this species of lichen amongst the Icelanders, was first mentioned by some Danish writers as far back as the 1 7th cen- tury. They spoke of its efficacy in spitting of blood, consumption of the lungs, and scurvy : but their commendations of it were not attended to ; and it was not till many years afterwards, that any further notice was taken of it. In the year 1737, however, Linnaeus confirmed, by some new obser- vations in the Lapland Flora, the accounts which had been before given of its antiphthisical virtues. Yet, notwithstanding this respectable authority, owing, as Professor Murray has remarked, to some strange forgetfulness, or indolence, that had taken 1 24 EMOLLIENTS. S. DEMULCENTS. Class II. hold of their minds, or perhaps from a vain appre- hension of a strong cathartic operation, of which it had heen unjustly accused, practitioners still continued to disregard this remedy for a disease, in the treatment of which no probable means of relief ought to be left untried. At length, how- ever, after an interval of more than thirty years, the public attention was again roused to this sub- ject by Scopoli's observations upon it in 1769 ; since which time it has been much employed, and with great success, in Germany and other parts of the Continent, as appears from the writings of Ebeling, Stoll, Cramer, Herz, Paulizky, Quarin, Richter, and others. And within the last 3 or 4 years it has been in considerable request in this country ; its introduction into which may in a great measure be ascribed to the observations in- serted in the former editions of this work. Since which two pamphlets have been published upon it in London, the one by Dr. Regnault, and the other by Mr. Reece, whose pharmaceutical obser- vations we shall presently notice. The sensible qualities of this lichen are those of a bitter and a mucilage. To the last it owes its alimentary, to the first, its tonic power ; and to the presence of both, all its peculiar medical vir- tues. It has this great advantage, as Professor Murray has observed, over other mucilaginous vegetable substances, that it does not, like them, Class II. EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. 125 bind the body ; but, on the contrary, keeps it loose and open, without, however, at the same time proving too cathartic. Spitting of blood, when it does not proceed from an inflammatory diathesis, consumptions, chronic catarrhs ; in short, all disorders of the lungs, from pituitous defluctions and weakness, are the cases in which this medicine has been found especially useful. The effects ascribed to it in these instances, are, that it mitigates the cough, facilitates the breathing, abates the fever, promotes the expectoration, increases the appe- tite (by invigorating the organs of digestion along with the rest of the body) restrains the sweats and colliquative diarrhoea, and nourishes and strength- ens the whole system. Even when these dis- orders have proceeded to such a pitch as not to admit of a cure, still it is said to render the suf- ferings of the patient more tolerable, and to pro- long the number of his days. Nor is it only in the above-mentioned cases, that the Iceland Liverwort has been employed witrv advantage. It has also proved serviceable in diar- rhoeas of long standing, in some kinds of dysen- tery, in scurvy, &c. And, in convalescences from fevers, where the body has been weakened and emaciated by want of food, by evacuations, and by the exhausting power of the disease, especial Jv if the lungs bave suffered, this plant is rccom- 126 EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. Class IL mended as an excellent tonic and restorative me- dicine. On the Continent it is generally prescribed in the form of a decoction, of which there are two kinds, viz. one, that is prepared with milk, and another with water. Of the first, Hartman has an example with 1 drachms of the herb to a pint of milk, which is ordered to be drunk off in a morning. Bergius directs it to be boiled up in the same medium to the thickness of a pottage, which he gave to the amount of a quart a day, to consumptive patients ; many of whom, he says, were not only recovered, but were even made fat by it. But milk, though it covers in some mea- sure the bitterness of the medicine, and is gene- rally supposed to be suited to phthisical persons, does nevertheless disagree, in such cases, with many stomachs, and renders the medicine too glutinous and heavy for almost all. For these reasons, the watery decoction seems to be the best preparation of the two, and as such we have given it the preference. This decoction should be given freely, so that an ounce or more of the lichen be consumed in a day. Other preparations, however, are preferred by some late writers on this vegetable. Thus, Dr. Regnault, in his late pamphlet, directs a jelly made by boiling for one hour 6 oz, of the lichen Class II EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. 127 in 3 quarts of water, (the plant being previously steeped in hot water to extract its bitterness) the decoction is then to be strained through a fine hair sieve, and afterwards evaporated till it is re- duced to a pint ; to which are to be added 6 oz. of white sugar : after which the liquor is to be boiled till it becomes of the consistence of a syrup ; which when cold will be a perfect jelly. Of this jelly 6 spoonfuls may be taken in a day. It has been objected to this preparation that it only re- tains the mucilaginous, without any of the bitter qualities of the herb ; which last, (the bitterness) though it may be unpalatable, is thought by many practitioners to contribute to its medicinal virtues. Hence the preference which has been given to Mr. Reece's preparation, which he terms the fa- rina of the lichen, in which the bitter and the mu- cilage are combined. This lichen-farina may be boiled in chocolate or cocoa, and taken every morning for breakfast, in the quantity of 3 drachms : or> to a dessert spoonful of it may be added as much cold water as will make it into a soft paste, on which £ a pint of boiling water or warm milk is to be gradually poured, stirring the mixture briskly all the while : after it has boiled for about 10 minutes, it will become a smooth, thin jelly, which may be flavoured by sugar, cin- namon, and other spices. It may be proper to subjoin, that Dr. Stoll has forbidden it to be prescribed where the lungs are 128 EMOLLIENTS. E. DEMULCENTS. Class II. actively i«fkf#§& M. Herz, of Berlin, has given similar cautions with regard to its exhibition in pulmonary affections; and has, moreover, observed that it is not proper in dysenteric cases, as long as the tongue and fauces remain foul, the stomach and intestines not sufficiently cleansed, with symp- toms of inflammation, and fixed pain in any part of the abdomen. Clyster of Decoction of Linseed and Poppy. R. Sem. Lini 5ij. Cap. Papav. num. j. Coque per i hor. in s. q. aquae. Colaturae Ibss add* Vkell. Ovi num. j. M. pro Enemate. In tenesmus and abrasions of the intestines. Hart man". The proportion of linseed may be doubled m many cases. Milh - Clyst er with Op ium . R. Lactis tepefact. ^x. Opii purifkat. gr. ij. Muc. G. Arab. §j. Divide into two portions, to be thrown up at intervals. I* t&e same cases. Hart man * Broth-Clyster with Opium, R. Juscul. Carats vervecin. %v. Opii purirkat. gr. iij. M. ClaSS II. EMOLLIENTS. B. DEMULCENTS. J 2Q This is both a demulcent and a nutrient injec- tion. There is a formula similar to this in the pharmacopoeia of Guy's Hospital. Starch- Clyster, Lew. D, CLASS III. ABSORBENTS. Medicines which are given to counteract acidity in the stomach and intestinal canal, are termed Absorbents. In most instances their use should be premised by emetics or cathartics. See Prac- tical Synopsis, Vol. II. p. 23. Enumeration of the principal Absorbents. Ammonia praeparata Carbonas Ammoniae, Ph. Ed. Prepared Ammonia (Vol. Alkali.) Carbonate of Am- monia, Aqua et Spir. Ammoniac Aqua Carbonatis Ammonia: et Alkohol Ammoniatum, Ph. Ed. Water and Spirit of Ammonia (Vol. Spirits.) Water of Carbonate of Ammonia and Ammoniated Alkohol. Sal et Liquor Vol. C. C. Salt and Vol. Liquor of Hartshorn.' (Spirit of Hartshorn.) Cancrorum chelae praeparatae Cancer Pagurus. Prepared Crabs'-claws. Ostrearum testae praeparatae Ostrea edulis* Prepared Oyster shells. Spongia usta Spongia ojjicinalis. Burnt Sponge. Kali praeparatum Carbonas potassae puriss. Ph. Eci. Prepared kali. (Salt of Tartar.) Purified Carbonate ©f Potass. ClaSS III ABSORBENTS. 131 Aqua kali Aqua carbonatis potassse, Ph. Ed. Water of kali. Water of Carbonate oi Potass. Aqua kali puri Aqua potassae, Ph. Ed. Water of pure kali. (Caustic ley ) Water of Potass. Aqua mephitica alkalina Aqua supercarbonatis po- tassae, Ph. Ed. Mephitic alkaline water. Water of supercarbonate of potass. Natron praeparatum Carbonas Sodae, Ph. Ed. Prepared natron. (Mild mineral Alkali.) Carbonate of Soda. Aqua Sodae Aqua supercarbonatis sodae, Ph. Ed. Soda- Water. Water of supercarbonate of soda, Creta praeparata Carbonas calcis praep. Ph. Ed. Prepared Chalk. Prepared carbonate of lime. Aqua calcis. Lime Water. Magnesia alba Carbonas Magnesias, Ph. Ed. White magnesia. (Mild magnesia.) Carbonate of mag- nesia. Magnesia usta Magnesia. Calcined magnesia. Magne^a (i. e. Pure magnesia.) Aqua Bristolica. Bristol Water. Powder with Crabs Claws and Rhubarb. R. Chel. Cancr. 3j. Pulv. Rhabarb. gr. xv. M. F. Pulvis. To be given in acidities of the primae viae. After Nicolai, Compound Powder of Crabs Claws , L. Ph* Dose, a scruple, or half a drachm, In diarrhoeas, K 2. 182 ABSORBENTS. Class II L Compound Powder of Chalk, L. Ph. Dose, the same. Powder with Magnesia and Fennel Seeds. R. Magnesias alb. (Carbonat. Magnes. Ph. Ed.) Bss. Cort. aurant. condit. et siccat. Sem. Foeniculi. Sacch purificat. aa 5J. Terantur in Pulverem. Dose, as much as will lie on the point of a knife, 4 or .5 times a day. Designed for those who give suck to children that are troubled with gripes. Rosenstein, Who says that the mother or nurse may per- severe in the use of this powder as long as the child continues to be griped. He knew a person who was obliged to go on taking it night and morning, for eight months successively. When- ever she left it off for a couple of days, the child was again seized with gripes. Powder with Liquorice and Prepared Natron* R. Pulv. Rad. Glycyrrhiz. 9j. Magnes. alb. (Carbonat. magnes. Ph. Ed.) 3ss. Natr. praeparat. (Carbonat. Sodae, Ph. Ed.) Pulv. Zingiber, aa gr. v. M. Against the heartburn. Varied from Nicolai. Where the bowels are in a lax state 9ss or 15 grains of the creta prseparata may be prescribed in place of the magnesia. Class III. ABSORBENTS. J33 Chalk Troches, L. Ph. (Troches of Carbonate of Lime, Ed. Ph.) Dissolve one in the mouth occasionally. In the same cases as the last powder. Magnesia Troches, L. Ph. To be used in the same manner, and in the same cases ; but often with more advantage than the Chalk Troches, by virtue of their laxative operation. Chalk Mixture, L. Ph. Two table spoonfuls to be taken at a time, repeating th« «lose according to its effects. Lime Water, L. and Ed. Ph. Dose, a quarter of a pint three or four times a day, in di- arrhoeas, diabetes, leucorrhaea, and calculous affections. Jn these last disorders, however, it is not much to be depended upon. It is worthy of notice, that the admixture of a little lime water with milk, makes this article of diet sit easy upon stomachs that cannot otherwise bear it. The proportion should be two or three spoonfuls of the lime water to about ten ounces of milk. Mephitic Alkaline Water (Water of Super carbonate of Potass, Ed. Ph.) As under Diuretics. Soda Water, (Water of Supercarbonate of Soda. Ed. PL) As under Diuretics. 134 absorbents. Class 1IL Alkaline Drops, R. Kali praeparat. (Carbonat. Potassas, Ph. Ed.) £j. Aquae distillat. 31J. Solve. Dose, from 20 to 100 drops (according to the age of the child) in a glass of water, every morning, for four days : After which the medicine is to be again repeated for four more days ; and so on till relief is obtained. For rickety children. Rosenstein. Instead of giving these drops only once a day, it is better to administer half the quantity twice a day, in a little fennel water or decoction of liquo- rice root. These drops have also been adminis- tered with success, when joined with opium, in' the convulsions of children ; in which cases how- ever, the aqua kali pari (aqua potassae, Ph. Ed.) given in doses of 2 or 3 drops, is said to be still more efficacious. Water and Spirit of Ammonia, Lond. Ph. Water of Carbonate of Ammonia, Ed. Ph. Ammoniated Alkohol, Ed. Ph. Volatile Liquor of Hartshorn, L. Ph. These may be given in doses of 15 to 60 or SO drops, ir, water or any other convenient vehicle. CLASS IV. REFRIGERANTS. Under this class are comprehended those reme- dies which are employed to diminish the heat of the body whenever it exceeds the natural standard ; as happens in fevers and inflammatory disorders. Enumeration of the principal Refrigerants. Aqua frigida. Cold Water. Ac-r frigidus. Cold Air. Acetum distillatum. ..... Acidum acetosum distillatum, Ph, Ed. Distilled Vinegar. Distilled acetous acid. Kali acetatum. ..... Acetis potassae, Ph. Ed. Acetated kali (Diuretic Salt.) Acetite of potass. Kali citratum. Citrated Kali. Kali nitratum Nitras potassae, Ph. Ed. Nitrated kali (nitre.) Nitrate of potass. Crystalli tartari Supertartris Potassae, Ph. Ed. Crystals of tartar (Cream of Tartar.) Supertartrite of potass. Sp. iEtheris nitrosi, Ph. L. et Ed. Spt. of Nitrous JEther, L. and Ed. Ph. Aqua lithargyri acetati composita. Compound Water of acetated litharge. (Goulard Water.) 136 EEFRIGERANTS. Class IF. Cerussa acetata Acetis plumbi, Ph. Ed, Acetated Cerusse (Sugar of lead.) Acetite of lead. Zincum vitriolatum Sulphas Zinci, Ph. Ed. Vitriolated Zinc (white Vitriol.) Sulphate of Zinc. Venaesectio. Bleeding. Plurima Cathartica. Most Cathartics. Cold Water. This, though the simplest, is by no means the least efficacious of all the remedies belonging to this class, whether it be used internally or exter- nally. See Currie's Reports on the Effects of Water ; also Practical Synopsis, Vol. II. p. 40. Draught with Cit rated Kali. R. Kali praeparat. (Carbonat. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 3j. Succ. Limon. rec. §ss. Aq. purse 5J. Sacch pnrificat. 3j. M. F. Haustus. Varied from Mead, Who directs jss of the alkaline salt, and syj of the lemon juice ; which quantities are too great for the generality of patients. This succeeds still better if given in the act of effervescence, (as directed by Riverius) which is done by dissolving about a scruple of the pre- pared kali in 8 or 10 drachms of common water, or any simple distilled water, and mixing with it, ClaSS IV. REFRIGERANTS. J 37 at the moment of taking the medicine, a table spoonful of lemon juice, sweetened with a little sugar: Or the effervescence may be made to take place directly in the stomach, by first taking the alkali dissolved in water, and afterwards swallow- ing down upon it a proper quantity of lemon juice duly sweetened with sugar. Mixture with Nitrated Kali. R. Kali nitrat, (Nitrat. potassas, Ph. Ed.) 5Jss. Mel. Acetat. (Oxymel.) Bj. Aq* -paras gvij. M. Dose, 3 table spoonfuls every 3d or 4th hour. With a re- duced proportion of nitre, this is from the Pil. BORL'SS. C. Nitre, as we have noticed already under the order of Diaphoretics, has been given by some practitioners, and particularly by Dr. Broklesby, in much larger doses. Sydenham has a draught with a drachm of sal prunel; but Dr. Cullen has very properly remarked, that in such quantities this neutral salt very often proves uneasy and pain- ful to the stomach, and therefore that it is better to give it in more divided doses. Agreeably to this observation, one drachm of nitre will in many cases be a sufficient proportion to 8 ounces of water ; and instead of the oxymel, some of the more pleasant syrups may be added. Vitriolic Acid Mixture, As under Antiseptics. i3$ HEFRIGEKANTS. Class IF. Apple Decoction. R. Pomor. in taleol. sect. No. iij. Decoct. Hord. ifciijss. Coque per \ hor. dein cola ft iij. A tea cupful to be taken frequently. Varied from Hart ma Gargle with Nitrated Kali. R. Kali nitrat. (Nitrat. potassae, Ph. Ed.) 5]. Aquae purse ^vij. Syr. Acidi Acetos. Ph. Ed. 5j. M. F. Gargarisma. DlSP. Fuld, Gargle with Vitriolic Acid. As under Antiseptics. Vinegar Clyster. R. Acet. dist. (Acid, acetos. dist. Ph. Ed.) ^iv. Aq. purse 3vj vel 3viij. M. F. Enema. Varied from Herz. Collyrium with Vitriolated Zinc. R. Zinci vitriolat. (Sulphat. Zinci, Ph. Ed.) gr. xr. Aq. purae ftss. Solve pro Collyrio. Donald Monro. Plenck's aqua ophthalmica vitriolata consists of one drachm of vitriolated zinc dissolved in twelve Class IF. REFRIGERANTS. 13g ounces of rose water. Such a strong solution is too rough for most patients. Alum Cataplasm, L. Ph. To be spread on lint, and applied to the eye, in inflamma- tions of that part. Embrocation with Vinegar and Muriated Ammonia. R. Acet. dist. (Acid, acetos. dist. Ph. Ed.) 5SS. Ammon. muriat. (Muriat. Amnion. Ph. Ed.) 3ij. Aq. purae %\ss. M. et solve. To be frequently applied to the bruised part. Pn. Bouuss. C. Schmucker's celebrated refrigerant, or so called antiphlogistic epithem, consists of the same in- gredients, with addition of some nitrated kali. Compound Water of Acetated Litharge. ■Cloths wetted with this liquor to be applied to the inflamed part or parts, and renewed as they become dry. Much caution is requisite in applying this and other preparations of lead to large surfaces of the body, (see Aikin, Percival, and Sir G. Baker.) According to some late observations, cold water alone, or vinegar diluted with water, produces all the good without any of the bad effects of the above Compound Water of Acetated Litharge, commonly called Goulard Water. This prepara- tion should have been termed Aqua lithargyri acetati tenuior, to distinguish it from the stronger 140 REFRIGERANTS. Class 1V< preparation termed Aqua lithargyri acetati ; but which might have been called Aqua lithargyri ace- tati fortior. Ointment of Acetated Cerusse, L. Ph. Ointment of Acetite of Lead, Ed. Ph. The precautions mentioned respecting the use of the embrocation of acetated litharge, are equally applicable to this preparation ; there is, however, this farther remark to be made respect- ing the ointment, viz. that it is often very incau- tiously applied to the sore nipples of women w 7 ho give suck ; in consequence of which, infants at the breast have taken in some of it, and been de- stroyed. Sir G. Baker relates, that twelve infants died at Dartmouth in convulsions, occasioned by an ointment of this kind, applied to the nipples of their nurses. The ointment was sold by a wo- man, famous for her skill in treating this complaint. It is added, that more children would probably have shared the same fate, had not the cause been accidentally discovered. A person employed in drawing the breast of a woman, whose nipple had been thus anointed, being affected with great sickness and pain in the stomach, the ointment was examined and ascertained. CLASS V. ANTISEPTICS. Antiseptics are those medicines which are em- ployed, both internally and externally, 'to coun- teract the tendency to a general or partial putre- faction of the body. They are peculiarly suited to cases of typhoid fever, malignant sore throat, gangrene of the extremities, &c. Enumeration of the principal Antiseptic*. Aqua frigida. Cold water. Acetum Acidum acetosum, Ph. Ed. Vinegar. Acetous acid. Acidum muriaticum Acidum muriaticum, Ph. Ed, Muriatic acid (Spt. of Salt.) Muriatic acid. Acidum vitriolicum Acidum sulphuricum, Ph. Ed. Vitriolic Acid. Sulphuric acid. Acidum nitricum. Nitric Acid. Abrotonum Artemisia Abrotanum. Southernwood. Absinthium maritimum Artemisia maritima. Sea Wormwood. Absinthium vulgare Artemisia Absinthium. Common Wormwood. Camphora Laurus Camphora. Camphor. 142 ANTISEPTICS. ClaSS V. Chamcemelum Anthemis nobilis. Chamomile. Cicuta Conium maculatum. Hemlock. Cinchona , Cinchona officinalis, Peruvian bark. Contrayerva Porstenia Contrajcrva. Contrayerva. Lirnon Citrus medica* The lemon. Lvijula. ...... Oxalis Acetosclla- Wood sorrel. Myrrha. Myrrh. Opium Papav. somniferi succus spissatus. Opium. The inspissated juice of the Papaver somniferum. Ribes nigrum Ribes nigrum. The Black Currant. Alumen Sulphas aluminae, Ph. Ed. Alum (argilia vitriolata.) Sulphate of alumina. Supersulphas aluminae et potassae. Supersulphate of alumina and potass. lk>rax. Borax (natron boracicatum.) Boras sodae, Ph. Ed. Borate of soda. Sub-boras sodae. Sub-bora te of soda. Aqua gas acido carbonico foeta. Water impregnated with carbonic acid gas. Liquores fermentati, sc. cerevisia, vinum, &c. Fermented liquors, viz. Beer, Ale, Porter, Wine, kc. Alkohol. Alkohol (Spt. of Wine.) Class V. ANTISEPTICS. 141 Suffimenta Acida. Acid Fumigations. Hefrigerantia. Refrigerants. Powder with Peruvian Bark and Camphor. R. Pulv. Cinchonae subt. jss. Camphor. (Sp. Vin. subact.) gr. v. M. F. Fulvis. To be taken every 3d or 4th hour. Hartmas, The proportion of camphor, which in the ori- ginal prescription is only three grains, may be doubled, or even tripled, in some cases. The bark, thus associated, acts as M. Lassonne has observed, with more energy and force, whether it be for the purpose of curing fever or gangrene ; and this observation Dr. Cullen believes to be well founded. Electuary with Peruvian Bark and Conserve of Wormwood, R. Pulv. Cinchonae subt. Cons. Absinth, maritim. aa jss. — — Ari^iij. Syr. Aurant. Cort. q. s. Ut fiat Electuarium. Dose, the size of a walnut, or nutmeg, every four hours, with a draught of Pyrmont water after it. In scorbutic blotches and ulcerations, with a tendency to gangrene. Altered from. Hartman. Mixture with Vitriolic Acid (Sulphuric Acid.) R. Aquae commun. distiUat. ^x, 3 144 ANTISEPTICS. Class V. Acid. Vitriolici (Acid. Sulphurici, Ph. Ed.) ^ss. Syr. Caryophylli rubr. 3y. M. Dose, 4 spoonfuls frequently. Varied from the Disp. Fuld. Where the bowels are in a lax state, 20 or 30 drops of tincture of opium may be added. — The Nitric Acid according to some late accounts, has in like manner been given with good effect in cases of malignant fevers. Mixture with Camphor and Lemon Juice* R. Camphorae (Sp. Vin. subact.) 3ij. Sacch. purificat. §ss. Simul tritis addantur Succ. Limon. rec. ^ij. Aq. Menth. sativ. %v], M. Dose, 3 spoonfuls every 3d hour. In typhus-fever and gangrene. After the manner of , Collin. In many cases a few drops of tincture of opium will be a proper addition to this mixture. Both Lewis and Cullen have noticed the advantages of combining, in this manner, camphor with the acid juice of lemons. This juice has been given largely with the best effect in cases of scurvy. Aqtaa Gas Acido Carbonico foeta. Water impregnated with Carbonic Acid Gas. A quarter of a pint to be taken at pleasure. This is preferable to common water, in most cases of malignant fevers. It allays thirst, resists Class V. ANTISEPTICS. 145 putrescenoy, and refreshes and invigorates the whole system. Respecting the mode of preparing it, see Dr.Duncan's Ed. New Dispensatory, p.3/4. Decoction of Peruvian Bark, L. and Ed. PL Dose, 2 ounces every 3d or -ith hour. It is commonly given either in the form of draughts or mixtures, joined with a due propor- tion 6f the tincture of Peruvian bark, or of some other bitter aromatic tincture; and frequently with the further addition of a few drops of the vitriolic acid (sulphuric acid.) Decoction with Peruvian Bark and Snakeroot. R. Cinchon. in pulv. trit. jtrj. Coque ex Aq. pur. §X*j-. ad ^viij adjeetls sub finem CCctionis Had. Serpentdt. Virgin. 51). Stent per horam, et colaturse admisce Sp. Cinnam. Bjss. Acet. dist. 53s. Of this 4 spoonfuls may be given every 6 hours \ if the pa- tient is heated by it, only 3 ; but if he is lower than usual, four spoonfuls may be given once in four hours j diminishing the quantity, or giving it at larger intervals, according to circum- stances. In the jail and other malignant fevers. With the substitution of spirit of cinnamon and vinegar for the aqua alexiteria spirituosa cum aceto, which is banished from the New Pharmacopoeias, and with the omission of 3$s of sugar, this prescription is from PRINCLE. In the. first edition of this author's work, three L 146 antiseptics. Class V, drachms of the serpentaria were marked down ; but he afterwards found that two were sufficient, and that even this quantity was sometimes to be lessened on account of its heating effects. Concerning the internal use of bark in these cases, there is an observation of Dr. Cullen's which deserves to be mentioned, viz. that there are two cases of such epidemic fevers, in which it is either useless or hurtful. The first is, when, after much head-ach, a delirium arises, which is somewhat of the phrenitic kind, increased by taking wine, and is attended with a redness and inflammatory state of the eyes. In all such cases (in which he supposes there is some inflammation of the brain) he found the bark manifestly hurtful. The other case is, when in the advanced state of these fevers, with much delirium, there is much subsultus tendinum, with frequent convulsive twitchings of the limbs. Here he found opium to be the proper remedy ; and that it was com- monly necessary to give it in considerable quan- tity, for further observations on Peruvian Bark, see Tonics. lied Port Wine. It maybe given to the quantity of half a pint (or even mor£) j day, if it does not increase the delirium. In the advanced stages of the last mentioned fevers. PllINOLE. In such cases, wine, judiciously administered, is CIUSS V. ANTISEPTICS. 147 one of the most powerful medicines in nature ; as we shall have an opportunity of remarking more particularly under the class of Stimulants. Gargle with Muriatic Acid. R. Mucilag. Sem. Cydonii Jbs£. Syr. Morilj. Acid.Muriatieigtt. xxx, M. F. Gargarisma. C0NN£L. Gargle with Vitriolic Acid. ft. Decoct. Hord. Ibss. Mel. Ross 3jss. Acid. Vitriolic! dilut. (Acid. Sulphtirici dHut. tk* Ed.) q. s. Ad gratum acorefll. Guy's Hos?. Gargle zvith Contrayerva and Tincture of Myrrh. 6. Decoct. Hordei Jxij. Inter coquendum adde Rad. Contrayerv. contus. 3»«* Liquori colato admisce Acet. distiilat. |jj. Tinct. Myrrh. Jj. Mellis opt. 5vj. F. Gargarisma. In the malignant or gangrenous sore throat. With the sub- stitution of the decoct, hordei for the decoct, hord. compos. thU is from Fo^HEBOi^i. As the parts about the gullet (says this, author) are frequently so much affected as to ren4$r it 143 antiseptics. Class V. painful, or impracticable, for the sick themselves to make use of a gargle so freely as they ought ; it should be ordered, that a few spoonfuls of this liquor made somewhat warm, should be very often injected into the fauces with a small syringe ; and especially before the patient swallows any thing, in order to wash off as much as possible the putrid sordes adhering to the ulcers, and prevent it from passing into the stomach and bowels. In young- subjects this method is the more necessary, as they do not always know how to manage a gargle to any purpose, did the soreness of the parts permit them to do it. The same experienced physician further remarks, that, as so mucri/lepends, in the cure of the putrid sore throat, upon the frequent use of gargles, or rather injections^ a strict atten- tion to this affair can scarcely be too strongly en- joined to those who have the care of the sick com- mitted to them ; since an assiduous repetition of these lotions not only promotes a discharge from the glands of the throat, which is probably of great use, but retards the progress of the ulcers, by washing off the putrefactive corroding virus, pre- venting thereby a large train of very dangerous .:}rnpLoms. — In the- saine -cases Fomenting the Throat by means of an Inverted funnel,* "with, the Si earns issuing from a boiling * Or bv Madge's inhaler. C^laSS r. ANTISEPTIC;^ l*Cj Mixture of Plnegar, Myrrh, and Honey, is recom- mended by Wall, Who says that this application can scarcely b"i used too frequently, care being only taken .that the steam be of a due degree of heat. ' He thinks it much more efficacious than any gargarism or injection. Besides this, it is also less offensive to the taste, on which account young persons are not so averse to its use; nay, oftentimes grow fond of it, when they have experienced its good effects on their throats. The steam is also very easily and effectually applied to the affected parts ; whereas it is sometimes difficult, if not impossible, for the sick to use a gargle. In such cases, it is true, the gargle ma}', as Dr. Fothergill directs, be injected by means of a syringe ; but Dr. Wall considers the vapour as the most efficacious application. These steams are deemed to be further useful by medicating the air which the patient inspires. Fomentation with Wormwood and Chamomile. Apply to the affected parts the Decoction for a Fomenta* ♦ion, L. Ph. Fomentation ivith Peruvian Bark and Muriated Natron. R. Cort. Cinchonae 5J. Natr. muriat. (Muriat. Sodae, Ph. Ed.) ^ss« Virii rubri ibij. Coque per mediam horara. Fro fomento. H.ARTMAtf> 150 antiseptics. Class V. Fomentation with Camphor and Ammonia* R. Aquae Calcis foj. Sp. Camphorat. (Tinct. Camph. ^h. Ed) $ij. Aq. Aramon. (Aq. Carbon. Am. Ph. Ed.) Jss, M. To be frequently applied, made warm> to the part affected. HtlSTEK. Hemlock Fomentation, As under Narcotics. Clyster with Peruvian Bark? H. Pulv. Cinchon. subt. jj. Lactis tepid, q. s. Ut fiat Enema. To be injected morning and evening, ort>ftener. for chil- dren in the malignant smallpox, after previously unloading the great guts by a laxative injection. Alex, Monro, Sen. As few children can be prevailed upon to take the bark by the mouth in any form, there is, $s this author has observed, often a necessity of using it in this way. If the clysters are retained too short a time, he recommends some syrup of pop- pies to be added : but for this purpose, a few drops of tincture of opium are a better addition; and this mode of exhibiting the medicine is still farther improved, by employing, as Dr. Lind re-r commends, the extract instead of the powder, as we shall have occasion to notice under the class of Tpnics, where further remarks on the use of Class V. ANTISEPTICS. 351 these injections, will be introduced. In some cases, the quantity of powder ordered in this pre- scription, may be doubled. The proportion of milk is not expressed ; but it should not exceed three or four ounces, otherwise, it will be likely to be returned too soon. Perfasio Corporis Aqua frigida. Ablution of the Body with CoW Water. See Refrigerants. Acid- Fumigation of the Apartments of the Sichi viz. either with the Nitric Acid Vapour, after Dr. Carmichael Smyth's method ; or with the Mu* riatic Acid Vapour and Oxymuriatic Acid Vapour 3 after the manner of Guy ton Morveau. See Prac~ tical Synopsis of the Mat. Med. Vol. II. pp. 64 and 68. Also Dr. Duncan's Ed. New Disp. pp 364-367. CLASS VI. ASTRINGENTS. Some eminent physicians, and particularly Dr. Heberden, have doubted whether the internal employment of astringents be of any service in stopping haemorrhages, except those of the primae viae : but from the well known power which many of the medicines of this class possess, in prevent- ing the recurrence of a paroxysm of intermittent fever, very soon after they have been taken into the stomach, and before it can be supposed they have entered the circulation, Dr. Cullen is induced to abide by the old and common opinion of their use, seeing it not difficult to conceive, that -their action may be communicated, by means of the nervous system, from the stomach to the remotest parts of the body. Many instances of internal bleedings, that have ceased on the exhibition of Astringents, incline us to look upon this explana- tion of their action as just. In general, the remedies of this class are em- ployed with most success for restraining immode- rate discharges from the natural outlets, and es- pecially those of the alimentary canal ; but it is p oper to notice, that there are some evacuations of that kind, such as dysentery, in the early stages Class VL ASTRINGENTS. 153 of which they are manifestly hurtful. They should, moreover, be administered with caution in all evacuations that appear to be critical. It is to be further remarked, that the long continued use of these medicines is apt to bring on obstruc- tions, which should be guarded against, by the occasional interposition of proper evacuants. Enumeration of the principal Astringents, Bistorta Polygonum Bistort a. Bistort. Campechianimi lignum. ..... Hgematoxyium Cam£cc.kianym, Logwood. Catechu Mimosa Catechu. Catechu. (Terra japonica.) Cinchona Cinchona officinalis. Peruvian bark. Granatum Punica Granatum. Pomegranate. (Balaustines.) Kino. Kino. (Red astringent gum of Gambia.) Quercus, et Gallae Quercus llobur. Quercus, Ccrrjs. The Oak, and Gall nuts. Rosa rubra. Rosa G allied, The Red Rose. Salix Salix alba. -J rag i! is, Sec. The Willow. — Several species. Salvia Salvia officinalis. Sage. Sanguis Draconis Pterocarpus Draco ? Dragon's blood. Calamus Draco ? Draoena Draco? )54 ASTRINGENTS. Class VL Tormentilla Tormentilla erccta. TormentiL Alum (argilla vitriolata.) Sulphas Aluminae, Ph. Ed.) Alum. Sulphate of Alumina. Supersulphas aluminae et potassae. Supersulphate of alumina and potass. Cerussa acetata Acetis Pluinbi, Ph. Ed. Acetated Cerusse. (Sugar of Lead.) Acetite of Lead. Zincum vitriolatum. Sulphas Zinci, Ph. Ed. Vitriolated Zinc. (White Vitriol.) Sulphate of Zinc. Quaedam Absorbentia, et imprimis Creta, et Bolus gallicus. Certain Absorbents, and especially Chalk, and French bole. (Bolar Earth.) Opium, et ejus praparata, Opiates. Tonica. Tonics. Powder with Oak Bark and Chamomile, B, Pulv. Cort. Querc. 5jss. Flor. Chamasmel. exskxat. 3j. Tere simul in Pulverem. To be taken every 2nd or Sd hour during the apyrexia. }u sgu*s. ClILJLEN.. Powder of Willow Bark. As under Tonics. Powder with Alum and Kino, Give of the Compound Powder of Sulphate of Alumina, Ed. Ph. 15 grs. every Cnd or 3d hour. In haemorrhages from the lungs and uterus. Class VI. ASTRINGENTS. 155 In these cases, alum (sulphate of alumina, Ph. Ed. and snpersulphate of alumina and potass of later chemists) is given by some practitioners in much smaller doses, since in large quantities it ir- ritates the stomach, so as to be rejected by vomit- ing, and what, as Dr. Cullen observes, is more extraordinary, so as to operate as a purgative. His practice was to begin with five grains, increas- ing the dose to a scruple, several times in a day. But in very urgent cases, a scruple, or even half a drachm, of this styptic powder may be given at once. Compound Poivder of Chalh, L. Ph. Compound Poivder of Carbonate of Lime, Ed. Ph. Dose of either ^ss. In diarrhoeas. Compound Poivder of Chalk ivith Opium, L. Ph. Pose, 3j. In the same cases. Pills with Acetated Cerusse. R. Cerussse acetat. (Acetitis Plumbi, Ph. Ed.) gr. ss. Conserv. Ros. gr. iv. Tinct. Opii gtt. ij. M. F. Pilula. To be taken every 4th hour. In hemorrhages from the lungs B uterns, am} nose, Reynolds. The dose of the acetated cerusse (acetite of ,Iead, Ed. Ph.) may be gradually increased to a grain and a half; adding at the same time two or lot) ASTRINGENTS, Class FL three drops more of the tincture of opium : and to some patients a grain of this preparation of lead, or even a grain and a half, may be given at first,; but it is better to begin with the smaller quan- tity, and to increase it afterwards according to its effects. Contrary to what might be expected, it did not disorder the bowels of any of those to whom it was given ; though the use of it in some of them was continued every six hours for the space of a week. The patients were not observed to be more costive, or, if costive, not more diffi- cult to be purged, than those have been who have taken other restringent medicines with opium. Bolus with Alum and Extract of Peruvian Bark, R. Alum. (Sulpbat. Alumina;, Ph. Ed.) Extract. Cinchonas. Myristicae nuc. ras. aa 3ss. Syr. Simpl. q. s, Ut fiat Bolus, Suited to intermittent fevers. Gruner. Boerhaave's astringent powder for agues, con- sists of alum and nutmeg (in larger proportions than in this prescription) with the addition of Ar- menian bole. Dr. Cullen observes, that though in some in- stances he found this remedy prevent the coming on of a paroxysm, yet the alum and nutmeg dis- agreeing with the stomach, he did not repeat them, having more agreeable and more certain medicines at hand. Lewis, who has likewise copied this 7 Class VI. ASTRINGENTS. 157 composition, remarks, that it may be taken twice a day with success, in violent uterine haemor- rhages, and other immoderate secretions. — On the subject of alum, we may here take occasion to remark that Dr. Percival has given it with success in obstinate colics, in doses from 10 to 20 grains, mixed with an equal proportion of sugar ; or, com- bined with gum arabic or spermaceti (manna better) or with opiate confection. Fifteen grains of alum, given every 4th, 5th, or 6th hour, he found, for the most part, to prove gently aperient; and when the symptoms were not severe, the 2nd or 3d dose seldom failed to mitigate the pain, and sometimes entirely removed it. Electuary ivitk Pomegranate Flowers and Bolar Earth. R. Conserv. Ros. 5j. Flor. Granat. (Balaust.) ^ss. Bol. Gallici 5J. Kubig. Ferr. (Carbonat. Ferr. Ph. Ed.) dj. Syr. Cort. aurant. q. s. Ut fiatElectuarium. Dose, the size of a cbesnut 3 or -i times a day. Varied from Gaubius. Electuary with Catechu and Opium. Give of the Electuary of Catechu, Ed. Ph. the size of a nut- meg every 4th or 6th hour. In alvine fluxes. Electuary with Alum and Peruvian Bark. H. Pulv. Cinchonas subt. £jss. Alum. (Sulphat. Aluminae, Ph. Ed.) *ss. Syr. Lirnon. q. s. Ut fiat Electuarium. 158 ASTRINGENTS, i Class VL Dose, the size of a walnul : 3 times a day. In haemorrhages. diabetes, and rluor albus. Ed. Hosr. Linctus with Kino* E '.. Kino 5J. G. Arab. 5'iij. Tere simul sensim Syr. Papav. alb. addendo 5> Dose, a tea spoonful occasionally. For children trouble? with obstinate purgings. V aried from H.VRTMAN. The distempers in which, according to Dr. Fo- thergill, kino seems to promise advantage, are, in particular, habitual diarrhoeas, fiuor albus, im- moderate menstrual discharges ; and, in general, all such diseases as proceed from laxity and acri- mony. To many of these cases it becomes still better adapted, by being combined with alum, as in the Compound Powder of Sulphate of Alumina, Ed. Ph.; a preparation which we have already noticed, and which Dr. Cullen found to be one of the most, powerful Astringents he ever em- ployed. Solution of Vilriolated Zinc. R. Zinci vitr. (Sulphat. Zinci, Ph. Ed.) gr. xij. Aq. Purse 51 ij Solve. Dose, 2 table spoonfuls 3 times a day. In intermittent*. BLASrE.- Obstinate agues, so common in the West Indies, Class VL ASTRINGENTS. 159 have yielded to this medicine, after the Peruvian bark has failed. Calcined zinc, (oxydum Zinci, Ph. Ed.) made into pills and given to the quantity of two grains thrice a day, has likewise produced the same good effects. In such moderate doses, that preparation neither disorders the stomach nor bowels; but if increased to three or four grains at a time, it is apt to occasion sickness, and ruflle the stomach. The vitriolated zinc, (Sulphas Zin- ci, Ph. Ed.) however, being milder in its operation, may be given, as in this solution, in larger doses, without the inconveniences just now mentioned ; and therefore it is to be preferred. The solution may be made, in some cases, with 4 oz. of water to \2 grs. of the Zinc. vitr. Solution of Vitriolated Zinc and Alum. As under Emetics. Mixture ivith Extract of Log?vood. R. Extr. H"ald Monro. In the original prescription there is no mucilage of gum arabic, and the catechu, it is true, is readily enough dissolved by the cinnamon water without it ; but the mucilage coincides with the general intention of the medicine, and is accord- ingly thrown in as an auxiliary. Infusion of. Catechu^ Ed. Ph. . Dose, an ounce or an ounce and a half every 2d or 3d hour* alone, or with the addition of an aromatic. Alum Whey. R. Lactis Vaccini bullientis Ibj. Pulv. Aluminis (Sulphat. Alumina^ Ph\ Ed.) $ij Ebulliant simul ut fiat coagulum, serumque coletur. To be given by cupfuls. In diabetes, &c. Disp. Fl7LD. Decoction of Tormentil> Lew. D.. . Dose, a tea cupful 4 or 5 times a day. Decoction of Rose Petals and Pomegranate Flowers, R. Petalor. Ros. rubr. siccat. Balaust. (Flpr. Granat.) Cort. Malor. Granator. — — ■ Cinnamom. aa jj. Coquantur in Lact. Vaccini ftj. adjecta paulatirri in- ter ^bulliendum Aquae puraeftj. Decoque donee lactis simul et aquae quod restat, librae M 162 ASTRINGENTS. Class VI, unius mensuram adaequet. Turn colandus est liquor., commisto saecharo. Frequent draughts of this decoction to be given to the pa- tient, who should take in the whole the above-mentioned quantity (viz. a pint) every day. In the colliquative diarrhoea, accompanying hectic fever. Mead. This, as its author remarks, is both a restrin- gent and a nutritive medicine. But we doubt whether a mixture of two parts of boiling milk, (flavoured with cinnamon) and one part of lime- water be not preferable. Decoction of Peruvian Bark and Orchis-root, R. Cort. Cinchonae contus. 5X. Coque in Aqua per horam : Adde Had. Orchidis (Salep.) 5J. Coque per 4tam horae partem. Colaturae 3xiv. adde Syr. Papav. errat. q. s. ad gratum saporem. Dose, two large spoonfuls every hour, or every other hour. In the advanced stage of dysentery. QUARIX. This prescription is faulty in as much as regards the length and repetition of the boiling, whereby the virtues of the bark are much impaired. In other respects, the association of salep with the Peruvian drug yields a form of medicine well adapted to give relief in many kinds of alvine fluxes: And, generally, in all those cases where the bark runs off by the bowels too quickly, such mu- cilaginous substances prove very useful additions; 7 Class VI. ASTRINGENTS. 1 6'3 accordingly it Was the practice of Sir John Pringle to join gum arabic with it when it had that effect. An Opiate may often be added with advantage. J^inons Infusion of Sage. R. Fol. Sal viae rec. B ! j* Aq. Purae. Vin. rubri aa ^vij. Digere lent calare vase clauso per diem, dein coque paulisper, et cola. Dose, an ounce and a half or 2 ounces, at bed time, l^i nocturnal sweats, proceeding from debility. "Varied from Hartman. A simple infusion of the herb in hot water, taken when cold, in the quantity of 2 or 3 ounces, will in many cases be preferable. Ointment with Calcined Zinc. R. Zinci calcinat. (Oxyd. Zinci, Pb. Ed.) 3J. Butyri recentis Jvj, M. F. Unguentum. Varied from the Disp. Fuld. In the original there are two parts of calcined zinc (oxyd of zinc) to six of butter; but this is too large a proportion. We have followed the ex- ample of the Ed. Pharm. in taking only one part of the oxyd to six of the greasy medium. Ointment with Vitriolated Zinc. R. Zinc. Vitr. (Sulphat. Ziflc. Ph. Ed.) 9j. Butyr. rec. 31J. M. M 2 154 ASTRINGENTS. ClaSS FL To be introduced, to the size of a pea, into the inner corner of the eye. In catarrhal defluxions of the eye from relaxation. Klein. In the same cases, and in the same manner, may- be prescribed the Ointment of Tutty, L. Ph. Ointment of Impure Oxyd of Zinc, Ed. Ph. With this, and also with the two preceding oint- ments, may be occasionally mixed a small propor- tion of camphor, as is done in the Camphorated Ointment of Tutty, Lew. D. Ointment of Gallnuts. R. Gallarum in pulv. trit. 5J. Ung . adipis suillse 5J. M. To be applied to the anus, in hemorrhoidal affections. Culled Fomentation with Oak Bark and Pomegranate. R, Cort. Querc. 31J Coque in Aq. pur. ibiv ad ftij, sub finem addendo Cort., Granator. contus. 3j« Flor.'Ros. rubr. Granator. aa manip. ij. I Dein adde . Vini rubri ibss. Colatura sit pro fotu. To be applied, by means of flannel cloths, to the part a£ iected two hours before getting up in the morning, and again at night after going to bed, till the complaint is removed. In the procidentia uteri. Sydenham* Class VI. ASTRINGENTS. 105 This formula is too compound. The pome- granate rind or flowers taken separately, in in- creased proportions, would answer the end of both ; and perhaps the virtues of the decoction would not be much diminished if the rose leaves were omitted. Alum Collyrium. R. Alum. (Sulphat. Aluminae, Ph. Ed.) gr. v. Aquae ros. 3> Solve. ClJLLEX. Collyrium with Vitriolated Zinc. R. Zlnci vitr. (Sulphat. Zinci, Ph. Ed.) gr. xv. Aq. purae ftss. Solve. . Donald Monro. Collyrium with Acetated Cerusse. R. Cerussae acetat. (Acetit. Plumbi, Ph. Ed.) gr. vj. Aquae rosae 5VJ. Mi see. Varied from the Disp. Fuld. A small quantity of camphorated spirit some- times proves an useful addition to these collyria. Gargle of Infusion of Oak Bark and Alum. R. Cort. Querc. contus. %]. Aq. purae ifcss. Decoque ad Ibj. Liquori colato adde Alum. (Sulphat. Aluminae, Ph. Ed.) 5SS. £p. Viti. gallici 5*1 j. M 166 ASTRINGENT*. Class PI Against relaxations and swellings of the uvula and tonsils, to which some people are liable on slight applications of cold. Cvllex. Rose Infusion, L. and Ed. Ph. Used either alone or with the addition of a small quantity of alum, this acidulated infusion of rose-petals makes a pleasant and efficacious gargle in cases of sore throat. Clyster with Pomegranate and Catechu. R. Cort. Granator. ^ss. Ros. rubr. pugill. ij. Coque in Lact. Vaccin. q. s. In colaturae fcss. solve Elect. Catechu, Ph. Ed. |ss. M. F. Enema. In the diarrhoeas which occur in continued fevers. With the substitution of the electuary of catechu for an equal quantity of diascordium, this prescription is from Sydenham, Clyster of Lime Water and Catechu. R. Aquas Calcis %x. Elect. Catechu. Ph. Ed. 3ss. M. pro Enemate. One half to be injected at a time. See Lewis's Disp. In the same cases may be used the Starch Clyster, Lew. D. The Elect. Catechu in the two first clysters contains some opium, which is an useful addition Class VI. ASTRINGENTS. \6j to all astringent enemata. To that of starch should be added a due proportion of tincture of opium. Injection with Vitriolated Zinc, R. Zinci vitr. (Sulphat. Zinci, Ph. Ed.) 3SS. Aquae purae 5xvi. Solve, pro Injectione. To be used in gonorrhoea. To these injections may be occasionally added a little gum arabic and opium. Ten or twelve drops of water of acetated litharge to half a pint of the injection, are also recommended as an useful addi- tion in some cases. Of all astringent injections which he has used in gonorrhoeas, Mr. Bell has found none prove so powerful as vitriolated zinc (Sulphate of Zinc, Ed. Ph.) dissolved in water. In the quantity of a grain and a half to an ounce of water, it seldom creates much irritation, and does not often fail in the first stage of gonorrhoea, in which alone (he is of opinion) injections of any kind prove ma- terially useful. Injection with Acetated Cerusse. R. Cerussae acetat. (Acetit. Plumbi, Ph. Ed.) Gum. Arab, aa 5J. Aq. Rosae ifess. M. F. Injectio. To be used in the same cases. With the omission of a drachm of calomel (which contributes nothing to the efficacy of the injection.) This is from Fox's Form, 3 68 ASTRINGENTS. Class VL Injections, as Mr. John Hunter observes, being only temporary applications, it becomes necessary to use them often, especially in cases where they are found to be of service; they should therefore be applied as often as convenient, perhaps every hour. But this must be regulated by the effects of the injection ; for if it prove irritating, it will not be proper to use it so often, as it may be pro- ductive of bad consequences. The same author further observes, that astringent injections, like this, should for the most part be used towards the end of the disease, when it has become mild, and the parts begin to itch: But this should be accords ing to circumstances; and if the disease begin mildly, they may be used at the very beginning ; for by gradually lessening the discharge without increasing the inflammation, the cure is completed, and the continuation of the discharge, called gleet, is prevented. It is still further to be remarked, however, that if injections of this kind are made too strong, they have an irritating quality, which in some measure destroys their astringency, and instead of lessening, makes them increase the discharge. It is in this way that they sometimes do great harm, causing the inflammation to spread, and thereby inducing swellings of the testicles, suppressions of urine, and abscesses in the peri- nseum. For these reasons, a good deal of caution is required in the use of them ; and it will often ]be. proper to employ a smaller proportion of t\\$ ClaSS VI. ASTRINGENTS. 1&Q metallic salt than is set down in the prescription above. Thus, for very irritable subjects, a scruple of the acctated cerusse (Acetite of Lead, Ed. Ph.) to the same quantity of the distilled water will be found suiiicient. In the first stage of gonorrhoea, says Mr. Bell, injections of the astringent kind may be used with safety and advantage, from the very commence- ment of the discharge, as well as at any period of jthe disease, whatever the degree of inflammation may be. Instead of increasing the inflammation, they tend, when of a proper strength, to lessen it; they relieve more immediately than any other re- medy, the ardor urinae ; and they commonly lessen or remove the discharge in a very short space of time. There is only one symptom which, in this Stage of clap, precludes their immediate use, viz. pain and swelling of one or both testicles; during the continuance of this symptom, they commonly *do harm, and therefore ought not to be advised ; for by stopping the discharge from the urethra, they deprive us of one of the most effectual reme- dies for a swelled testicle. Mr. Bell coincides with Mr. J. Hunter respect- ing the frequent application of injections, viz. seven, eight, or ten times a day; by which the cure, instead of being protracted for several weeks> is often completed in as many days. On laying aside injections, even after the run- ning has entirely disappeared, and when therefore 170 ASTKINGENTS. Class VI. a cure is supposed to be obtained, the discharge often returns with equal severity as at first, either from excess in wine, or over exertion in bodily exercise. In such circumstances the injections must be again employed, and used with as much frequency as before, care being taken not to leave them off till some time after the running has again disappeared. Epithem with Variolated Zinc. R. Zinci vitr. (Sulphat. Zinci, Ph. Ed.) 5ss. Aq. purae 5Jss. Solve. Tents or pledgets dipped in this solution, are to be put up the nostrils. In bleedings from the nose. Hartman. Epithem of Cold Water. Dip folded cloths in cold water, in which some .nitrated kali has been dissolved, and apply them often in the course of the day to the nape and both sides of the neck. In the same cases as the last. Sydenham. Epithem of Decoction of Peruvian Bark. Steep a calltco shirt in a strong decoction of Peruvian bark, and after it is well dried, let it be put upon the patient, and be renewed daily. Against colliquative sweats, in phthisis pulmonalis. Percival. CLASS VII TONICS. Under this class are comprehended medicines which arc suited to counteract, debility, or in other words to give strength and energy to the moving fibres. Enumeration of ike principal Tonics, Absinthium Artemisia absinth, et mmtiima. Wormwood. Angustura. Angustura bark. Arnica Arnica montana. Leopard's bane. Aurantii Cortex Citrus mLmMhaa* Orange peel. Cascarilla Clutia Eluteri'a. Cascarilla. Chamoemelum Antbemis iiobilis. Chamomile. Cinchona Cinchona officinalis. Peruvian bark. Columba. Columbo root. Gentiana Gentiana lutea. Gentian. Lichen islandicus Lichen ishunlku.', Iceland Liverwort. Myrrha. JVIvrrh. 172 tonics. Class F1L Quassia Quassia excelsa. Quassy. Quercus Quercus Robur. The Oak. Salix Salix, alba, fragilis, kc. The Willow. — Various species. Swietenia Swietenia febrif'uga. Febrifuge Swietenia. Simarouba Quassia Simaruba.. Simarouba. Tanacetum Tanacetum vulgare. Tansy. Trifolium paludosum Menyanthes trifoliate. Marsh trefoil. Zedoaria Kaempferia rotunda. Zedoary, Vinum rubrum Portugallicum. Red Port Wine. Acidum muriaticum. Muriatic Acid. Acidum vitriolicum Acidum sulpkuricum, Ph. Ed, Vitriolic acid. Acidum nitricum. Nitric acid, Arsenicum Qxydum Arsenici, Ph. Ed. Arsenic. Oxyd of arsenic. Alumen Sulphas aluminae, Ph. Ed. Alum. Sulphate of alumina. Supersulphas aluminae et potassae. Supersulphate of alumina and potass. Cuprum vitriolatum Sulphas Cupri, Ph. Ed. Vitriolated Copper (Blue Vitriol.) Sulphate of Cop- per. Cuprum ammoniacum Amfnoniaretum Cupri, Ph. Ed. Ammoniacal Copper. Ammoniaret of Copper. Class VII. TONICS: 173 Ferrum et ejus prseparata. Iron and its preparations. Zincum vitriolatum Sulphas Zinci, Ph. Ed. Vitriolated Zinc. (White Vitriol.) Sulphate of Zinc. Zincum calcinatum Oxydum Zinci Ph. Ed. Calcined Zinc. (Flowers of Zinc.) Oxyd of Zinc. Aquae minerales ferrum continentes. Chalybeate mineral waters. Gas oxygenium. Oxygen gas. Aer ruris. Country Air. Aer marinus. Sea breezes. Lavatio frigida. Cold bathing. Equitatio. Riding on Horseback. Diaeta lactea. Milk Diet. Astringentia, Astringents. Of all Tonics the Peruvian bark is that which is the most extensively and the most successfully employed. Thus, it is the grand remedy in inter- mitting and remitting fevers, concerning its ad- ministration in which we shall make some remarks farther on. Nor is it less serviceable in the con- valescent state after all fevers. In the same manner, it is ef great use in various painful and 174 tonics. Class Vll. periodical complaints, such as head-achs, hys- terical, rheumatic, and gouty affections ; in many convulsive disorders, such as epilepsy, St. Vitus's dance, &c. as will be more particularly noticed un- der the class of Antispasmodics ; in most cachec- tic diseases, such as dropsy, scurvy, scrophula, and rickets : and lastly, it is given with advantage in cases of old ulcers, to produce good matter, and bring on a healing disposition. Great as the benefit derived from the cinchona is, in the cases above-mentioned, it is certain, on the other hand, that much mischief is frequently occasioned by the too early administration of it in continued fevers, especially of such as are accom- panied with a bilious condition of the prima? via?. In such fevers it should never be prescribed untii the stomach and bowels shall have been duly cleansed, the stricture and dryness of the skin, with the preternatural degree of heat and thirst, &c. removed. And, even then, the simply bitter ve- getables, such as the quassia and chamomile ; or the bitter mucilaginous drugs, such as myrrh and columbo, will be preferable. See Practical Synop- sis, Vol. II. pp. 102-104. Powder of Peruvian Bark, Give of finely pulverised Cinchona one drachm, every 2 hours, in the intervals between the fits, in a draught of milk, washing the mouth afterwards with some of the same liquid, In ague*. Lind. Class VIL tonics. 175 Larger doses, such as a drachm and a half, or even two drachms, may be ordered every hour, in urgent cases, and where from the kind of inter- mittent, such as quotidians and double tertians, the intervals between the fits are short. The sto- mach, in this respect, is the best guide ; and as much as it will bear may, in general, be given with propriety : for as Torti, and others, have in- culcated, the larger the dose, and the quicker the repetitions of it, the greater is the power of the medicine in stopping the paroxysms, and the less of it is found to be taken in the end. Whereas it has been observed, that when given in small doses, and at long intervals, though the sum of the whole quantity taken has been much more considerable, yet it has not produced the desired effect. The whole quantity necessary for putting a stop to the fits, varies according to the kind of inter- mittent, to the season of the year in which it hap- pens, to the period of the disease in which the remedy is applied, and to the quality of the remedy itself, the powder being not always equally good. In general, however, less than two ounces seldom suffices, and more is often required. For cover- ing the taste of it, to which some people have an almost invincible dislike, sweet mucilaginous liquids are generally employed. Lewis recommends the infusion of liquorice root; but for this purpose we have found, with Dr. Lind, milk to answer 176 tonic s.> Class VlL best. The powder must be swallowed imme- diately after it is mixed with it, otherwise the flavour of the bark will be imparted to the milk. — Others direct the powder to be mixed up with cold coffee, sweetened with sugar. This not only- covers the taste, but moreover causes the bark to sit easier on the stomach. It is now generally agreed amongst those that have had most experience in such kinds of fevers, that the earlier the bark is given in intermittents, the better. Accordingly the present improved practice does not admit of losing time, as was for- merly done, in the employment of a course of preparatory medicines, and in waiting till the disease has gone through several, periods : all the preparation which is now judged necessary, is to cleanse the first passages by an emetic and purge, and then recourse is immediately had to the Pe- ruvian febrifuge; or, at most, if there should be a redundancy of bile, with appearances of obstruc- tion in the liver, small doses of calomel are used, and sometimes continued so as to excite a gentle salivation : but where the patients are very weak, and the fits are very violent, as often happens in the hot climates, neither the yellowi ess of the skin, nor an obstructed liver, should intimidate the practitioner from immediately prescribing the bark; since, as Dr. Cleghorn has judiciously re- marked, this medicine is even undei such circum- stances of the greatest use, as it averts sudden Class VII. tonics. 177 death, and gains time to join with it other means towards compleating a cure; and, upon the whole, he ventures to affirm, that more bad con- sequences ensue from giving it too late than too soon. On these occasions, where the general state- of the patient will not allow of administering eva- cuants by themselves ; and yet where some particu- lar symptoms indicate their use, they may be given in conjunction with the bark, of which sort of formulae several examples will be noticed far- ther on. Although, in very urgent cases, some prac- titioners have ventured to administer the bark whilst the fever has been present ; yet they all agree' that the proper time for giving it, is during the intermission. They are not, however, equally agreed, whether it is best to throw it in imme- diately at the end of the hot fit, or just before the expected coming on of the next cold fit. Dr. Cullen, seeing that the effects of this medicine on the human body are not very durable, directs, after the manner of the Roman Schedule, the ex- hibition of it in large doses as near as possible to the, times of accession ; and such, too, was in many instances the practice of Torti. Some late writers on army and navy diseases, have produced strong testimonies in support of this mode of prac- tice, asserting that in this method one half Jess of the cinchona is required for the cure of inter- mittent? than is required by the other methods,—- N 17* tonics. Class V1L Other physicians, on the contrary, such as Mor- ton formerly, and Werlhof latterly, have found it generally answer best to employ it immediately as the hot fit goes off, persisting in its use during the whole time of intermission, and until the cold fit comes on. This was the way also in which the celebrated empyric Talbor used to administer the bark. By this method a larger quantity of the drug may be thrown into the body, and thus the recurrence of the paroxysms, and especially a re- lapse, seems to be more effectually* prevented. Which soever method is adopted, it will gene- rally be proper to continue the medicine (but in smaller doses, and with longer intervals of repe- tition) for some time after the removal of the fits,, in order to prevent a relapse. To make it sit easy on the stomach, and to prevent it from passing off too quickly by stool, it is often necessary to join aromatics and opiates with it, which last (viz. opiates) seem in many cases (as will be more parti- cularly noticed under Narcotics) to contribute not a little to the successful operation of the cinchona. The preceding observations apply not only to the pale or quilled Peruvian bark, but also to the red, ydlow, * and other varieties. The powder and other preparations of this drug are given in com- bination with various auxiliaries, as will appear fom the following examples. * The red and -yellow being stronger, smaller doses suffice. The c t. Lucia bark is not employed as a tonic, as itfrequentlj occasions sickness and purging. Class Fll. tonics. lyy Powder with Peruvian Bark and J r itriolatcd Mag- nesia* R. Pulv\ Cinchon. subt. ^ss. Magn. vitr. (Sulphat. Magn. Ph. Ed.) jvj. Tere in Pulv. et divide in iv partes aequales. One to be taken every two hours. In intermittents, when the patient is strong enough to bear purging. Cleohorx. The effect of this medicine, as its author re-* marks, is, that the next fit is mitigated, and an intermission commonly ensues, in which the bark without the purgative must be repeated to finish the cure. Where from a redundancy of bile or obstruc- tions of the viscera, a loose state of the bowels is required during the use of the bark, the associa- tion of this neutral salt, or of muriated ammonia with it, is found to be useful. Crystals of tartar may be united with it in the same manner. But in consequence of the commendations bestowed upon it by Boerhaave, the muriated ammonia is preferred for this purpose by many practitioners, and especially by those who live on the Continent. Mead used to add to the bark with this intention, a little rhubarb ; so as to procure, as long as it seemed necessary, a couple of stools, at least, every day. In some cases, it is found better to join some of the warmer cathartics, and especially the aloetic, with it; such as the Powder with N 2 180 tonics. Class Vlh Aloes and Canella, L. Ph. which may be mixed \vith the Peruvian drug, in the proportion of about a couple of drachms to an ounce. It is proper, however, to remark, as Rosenstein has done, that these cathartic admixtures should not be used too freely, as the bark of itself is apt to purge ; and on no occasions should this evacuating method of giving this remedy be followed up long, since it otherwise only serves to weaken the patient, and to rob the Peruvian antidote of its due effect. Powder with Peruvian bark and Cloves. R. Pulv. Cinchonas Cryst. Tart. (Supertartrit. Potassae, Ph. Ed ) aa g. Caryophyll. aromat. in pulv. trit. num.xxx. M* Dose, a drachm and a half every 3d hour. PETItlE. This, says Dr. Petrie, in a letter to Sir G. Baker, is what is called the Dutch remedy for an ague. In the hospital at Lincoln, several patients were cured by it of those obstinate intermittents that prevailed so much in the year 1781 ; in which, however, like all the other remedies then tried, it also frequently failed. Powder with' Peruvian Bark and Cascarilla* R. Pulv.*Cinchon. gr. xxv. Pulv. Cascarill* 'Sts. M. To be taken twice a day. In weakness of the stomach. With varied proportions, this is from Haetman, Class VII. tonics. 131 In the commentaries of the Academy of Sciences at Bologna, there are some observations which shew the advantage of such a combination of the bark in the cure of remitting and intermitting fevers ; and Dr. Bang of Copenhagen remarks, that when too great a looseness happens in the last mentioned cases, during the use of the Peru- vian bark, it may be subdued by joining cafscarilla with it ; but in a smaller quantity than that above stated, viz. in the proportion of an eighth part only. For this purpose, however, we should pre- fer a few drops of laudanum. Powder with Peruvian Bark and Vitriolated Zinc. R. Pulv. Cinchonae 5J. Zinc. Vitr. (Sulphat, Zinci, Ph. Ed.) gr. ss. M. To be taken every third hour. In intermittents. Fox's Form. Powder of Willow bark. Give of pulverised willow bark 3ij every four hours, be- tween the fits of agues. Sto.ve. The bark of the salix alba, salix fragilis and other species, may be given in larger doses, such as a drachm for the cure of intermittents, where the cinchona is not to be procured, or is found too expensive. It appears to be as good a substi- tute for the Peruvian druo: as anv with which we are acquainted. See Practical Synopsis, Vol. IT. p. 12C). 18$ tonics. Class Vlh Powder of Angustura Bark. Give of Powdered Angustura bark, fifteen grains three times a day, or oftener. This bark> which has but very lately been im- ported into this country, and which takes its name from the place in South America whence the Spa- niards bring it, has been prescribed with great success by some British practitioners in the West Indies, in all those cases in which we are accus- tomed to employ the Peruvian bark, over which it has these advantages, that a smaller quantity of it will produce the same effect, that it does not cause that disagreeable sense of weight and ful- ness in the stomach, which the other so fre- quently occasions ; and that it does not induce costiveness, but, on the contrary, keeps the belly gently open. Soon after this account was sent over, it was tried in London ; and from some observations that l^ave been published by Mr. Brande, it appears to be a powerful and promising remedy in those dis- orders, especially when a warm and penetrating tonic is required: accordingly it has been given with such great success in diarrhoeas, that it is almost considered as a specific in those cases. The dose, in substance, is from ten to twenty grains. Jn larger quantities it does not seem to agree, or indeed to act, so well. Moderate doses sit easy orj the stomach, and give rather a grateful sen* Class V1L tonics. 183 sation of warmth. Jt has been remarked, how- ever, that in one or two instances of delicate habits, twenty grains of the powder have produced some nausea. If the form of a decoction be pre- ferred, it may be prepared by boiling three or four drachms of the bark in a pint of water. The dose of the decoction is two or three large spoonfuls. Powder of Cohnnbo Root. Give of Powdered Columbo root, one scruple, every three or four hours in pepper mint water. In diarrhoeas. Percival. Twice, or even thrice, as much may be given for a dose in urgent eases ; and in bilious fevers an equal quantity of vitriolated kali (sulphate of potass, Ed. Ph.) may be combined with it. The disorders in which this root has been found pe- culiarly useful, are cholera morbus, diarrhoea, bilious colic, bilious fevers, languor of the sto- mach, habitual vomiting, and that kind of nausea and vomiting which are occasioned by pregnancy. Dr. Percival adds, that as his experiments shew that the Columbo root does not belong to the class of heating bitters ; it may be used with propriety and advantage in phthisis pulmonalis, and in hec- tical cases, to correct acrimony and strengthen the organs of digestion. It does not, like the Peruvian bark, prove oppressive to the stomach, or excite a diarrhoea in the last mentioned disor- 7 134 toxics. Class V1L ders ; but agrees very well with a milk diet, as it abates flatulency, and is indisposed to acidity. This remedy has been employed with equal suc- cess, in bilious cases, by some French practi- tioners ; and latterly by other British physicians besides Dr. Percival. See Practical Synopsis, Vol. II. p. 114. Powder of Ammoniacal Iron. Give of Ammoniacal iron (muriate of Amnion, and Iron, Ed. Ph.) five grains, in a convenient vehicle every day for a fort- night, interposing every fourth day an equal dose of rhubarb. The patient to go without medicine the next fortnight, and then to resume the same course again : and so on alternately till a cure or amendment takes place. In rickets. Zeviani. Or he mixes the ammoniacal iron (muriate of ammonia and iron, Ed. Ph.) and rhubarb together, as in the following prescription : Powder of Ammoniacal Iron and Rhubarb. R. Ferr. Ammoii. (Mur. Am. et Ferri, Ph. E4.) gr. v% Pulv. Rhabarbari gr. ij. M. 2/EVIANI. This author condemns a milk diet in these cases. He thinks that this medicine owes its efficacy more to the ammoniacal salt than to the iron; an opinion in which few, we presume, will be dis- posed to join. In other respects, the remedy itself, long since recommended by Boyle, undoubtedly possesses Class VII. TONICS. J 85 considerable efficacy ; and as a similar method of treatment has been adopted, in such cases, with the greatest success by Dr. Strack, a physician in Germany, there is every encouragement for giving k a general trial. The last mentioned author di- rects an equal quantity of iron-filings, in place of the ammoniacal iron, to be rubbed together with as much rhubarb, and ten grains of sugar, and given morning and evening ; or only once a day, if it should happen to occasion too much loose- ness. Poivder with Chamomile and Myrrh, R. Flor. Chamoemeli Myrrhse aa3j. Kali prseparat. (Carbonat. Potass. Ph. Ed.) 3ss. M. To be given every 6'th hour. With the omission of a little alum, this is after the manner of Mead. Baglivy and Morton both gave chamomile flowers with great success in intermittents ; the last-mentioned physician joined the alkaline salt with them as in the above prescription. These ingredients, in a less proportion, thrown into the form of a draught, by neutralising the kali, and afterwards diluting it sufficiently, were employed, as Sir G. Baker relates, -with great advantage, where the bark was nauseated, in many cases of the obstinate agues of 1781 and 1782 ; and it was observable, he adds, that stomachs which had be- 3 86 tonics. Class Fit fore rejected the bark, were well reconciled to it after the use of this medicine for a few days. Where much reliance, however, is placed upon the myrrh for the cure of these fevers, it must be prescribed in considerably larger doses. Dr. Do- nald Monro informs us, that Dr. Armstrong or- dered a drachm of it in powder, to prevent the fit of an intermittent ; and Dr. Heberden, by giving as much as two drachms of the same gum -resin just before the time of the expected fit, entirely relieved a patient from an ague, which for a long time had resisted the power of the bark, though taken in very large quantities. Pills of Ammoniaret of Copper, Ed, Pk, Dose, one twice a day at first, increasing the dose after- wards to three or four, or as many as the stomach will bear. In epileptic cases. After CULLEN, By whom this medicine was first introduced into the practice of this country. It was for- merly called cuprum ammoniacum, and is now denominated Ammoniaretum Cupri ; concerning the chemical composition of which, see the re- marks inserted in Dr. Duncan's Edinburgh New Dispensatory, p. 442. Dr. Cullen considered this combination of copper as a milder prepara- tion than the combination of it with an acid. The dose, he says, is at first half a grain twice a day, increasing the same by degrees- to what the Class VII. tonics. 187 stomach will bear. He found it commonly more manageable than vitriolated copper (sulphate of copper) and in many instances he carried the dose to five grains, and in some still further. la many instances it proved a cure of epilepsy ; but in many others it entirely failed. When, in the course of a month, it shewed no good effects, he desisted from its further use, suspecting that large quantities of copper introduced, may, like lead^ prove hurtful to the body ; and, therefore, in cases of periodical epilepsy, after giving the me- dicine constantly during one interval, if the disease still continued, he afterwards gave it only for some days before an expected accession ; and in this manner he had success. The ammoniaret of copper has been likewise administered with great advantage in a case of dysphagia, and in several instances of chorea. Pills with Calcined Zinc. R. Zinci calcinat. (Oxyd. Zinci, Ph. Ed.) 3ij. Conserv. Cynosb. q. s. Ut fiant Pilulae. xxiv. Pose, 1 or 2 night and morning, Ph. Gene v. In the employment of this metallic oxyd, (for- merly called flores zinci) it would appear that the physicians on the Continent have been more suc- cessful than those of our own country. Accord- ing to their reports, the calcined zinc is not only 1S8 tonics. Class VIL serviceable in epilepsy, but likewise in several other spasmodic disorders ; such as hysteria, chorea, hooping-cough. Amongst our own prac- titioners, Dr. Percival recommends its use in con- sumptions, asthma, and other affections of the lungs. The ordinary dose is from one to ten or twelve grains; though Dr. Donald Monro says that he has seen this oxyd often given to the quantity of twenty, and even thirty grains. Dr. Cullen relates that, in remote parts of Scotland, where the flores zinci were not to be had, he fre- quently prescribed the vitriolum album, (sulphate of zinc, Ed. Ph.) and in some cases with as good effect. He observes in another part of his work, that camphor may be combined with the oxyd of zinc to great advantage. Dr. Odier, of Geneva, found it useful to administer this oxyd in conjunc- tion with the ammoniated copper (ammoniaret of copper) of the preceding prescription. From what Messrs. Hellot and Meglin have observed, and from what happened to a patient who took this medicine under the care of Dr. Percival (who suspects that it sometimes contains a mixture of arsenic, which indeed does enter into some of the blende ores) it is at least doubtful whether it has not some deleterious quality ; and therefore we should be cautious of employing it for much length of time, or in large doses. For very young subjects, Dr. Gaubius's method of giving this medicine in the form of a powder 3 by direct- Class FIT. tonics. 18g ing it to be triturated with a lump of sugar, may be the most convenient. Pills with Steel Filings, R. Limatur. Ferri gr. viij. Extr. Chamcemel. q. s, Ut riant Pilulae iij. To be taken early in the morning, and repeated at five o'clock in the afternoon, for thirty days, with a draught of some bitter wine or infusion after them. In hysteria and hypochondriasis. With the substitution of extract of chamomile for the extract of wormwood, which is not now kept in the shops, this pre- scription is from Sydenham. The rust of iron (carbonas ferri, Ph. Ed.) is now generally preferred to the filings. The dose of either is the same. Of the former, Dr. Cullen ob- serves, that he has always found the stomach bear it better than any other preparation of this metal. He used to begin with five grains, increasing the dose afterwards to as much as the stomach would easily bear. He has been told that it has been given to the amount of six drachms a day ; but in his own practice he hardly ever found any patient that could bear the third part of that quantity without much sickness. He thinks the stomach bears it better when joined with an aromatic. As neither this nor the filings can be made up readily into pills, it will be better in general to throw them, as indeed the author of the Processus Inte- gri suggests, into the form of a bolus; or what will be still more convenient, that of an electuary. 190 tonics. Class Vlt Pills with Extract of Peruvian Bark and Vitriolated Iron. R. Extr. Cinchonas dur. 5J. Ferr. Vitr. (Sulphat. Ferri, Ph. Ed.) 3ss* Ol. Cinnamom. gtt. v» Bals. Per. q. s. Ut fiant Pilule xx. One or 2 to be taken twice a day. In states of debility. Lewis, Werlhof has a more simple formula of this kind; viz. the vitriolated iron (sulphate of iron* Ed. Ph) made into pills with extract of wormwood. In this way he gave the chalybeate salt to the quantity of six grains in a morning and ten grains at night. Pills with Vitriolated Copper. R. Cupri vitr. (Sulphat. Cupri, Ph. Ed.) gr. iv, Extr. Cinchonae gr. xxxij. Syr. Commun. q. s. Ut iiant Pilulae xvi. One to be taken four times a day. In obstinate intermit* tents. Donald Monro. The vitriolated copper (sulphate of copper, Ed. Ph.) and extract should be well triturated together, that the former maybe minutely divided and equally intermixed with the extract, so that each pill may contain a quarter of a grain of the metallic salt. Dr. Monro prescribed these pills in the spring of Class VII. tonics. igi 1785, very successfully to some patients labouring under obstinate intermittens, which had resisted the free use of the Peruvian bark, bitters, and other medicines. On first taking these pills, the patients generally experienced some sickness ; but after a day or two, this effect ceased. Where the patients are low, he thinks it might be of advan- tage to give along witli vitriolated copper, 10 or 12, grs. or more of the cinchona extract, together with a little ginger, or some other aromatic. Not- withstanding the above-mentioned instances of the successful employment of this preparation of copper, Dr. M. prudently subjoins that their use ought to be confined to obstinate cases of agues, and that they ought always to be administered with the greatest caution ; as there are so many well-vouched instances of dangerous symptoms having been produced in people who have eaten victuals impregnated with verdigris, from being dressed in copper vessels. We would add, that where white vitriol (sulphate of zinc, Ed. Ph.) can be procured, it should at all times supersede the employment of the blue vitriol, or sulphate of copper. Pills tvith Extract of Gentian and Aloes. R. Extr. Gentiarue 5J. Cinchonae ^ss. Pulv. Aloetic. 3ij. Tinct. Aloes q. s. \Jt fiant Pilulse xxh\ XQ2, tonics. Class V1L Tliree to be taken twice a day, about an hour before meals. Varied from Lewis. Bolus with Ammoniacal Iron. R. Ferr. Amnion. (Muriat. Amm. et Ferri, Ph. Ed.) Ammon. Muriat. (Muriat. Amm. Ph. Ed) aa gr- viij. Rubig. Ferr. (Carbonat. Ferri, Ph. Ed.) gr. iij. Ex.tr. Gentianae 3ss. Svr. Commun. vel Muc. G. Ar. q. s. Ut fiat Bolus. To be taken twice a day. In agues. With the omission of 4 grs. of myrrh, and with a proportionate augmentation of the quantity of extract of gentian, this is from Lind. Bolus with Chamomile and Alum* R. Fior. Chamoemeli $ss. Alum. (Sulphat. Aluminas, Ph. Ed.) Myrrhae aa gr. v. Syr. Aurant. Cort. q. s. Ut fiat Bolus. To be taken thrice a day. In agues. St. Tiios. Host. Bolus with Alum and Extract of Peruvian Bark. As under Astringents. Electuary with Conserve of Wormwood. R. Conserv. Absinth. 5J. Canellae alb. in pulv. trit. ^ss. Syr. Aurant. Cort. q. s. Ut fiat Electuarium. Dose, the size of o nutmeg thrice a day. Varied from Hartman. Class VIL tonics. )y3 Electuary with Peruvian Bark and Chamomile. R. Pulv. Cinchonas subt. Flor. Chamaemel. aa 3j« Pulv. Zingib. 3ij. Syr. Zingib. q. s. Ut fiat Electuarium. Dose, about a drachm, or the size of a nutmeg, thrice a day. In convalescency from acute diseases. Blane, Who remarks that three drachms of the rust of iron (carbonate of iron, Ed. Ph.) may be oc- casionally added. Hoffman's favourite electuary is pretty much the same as this, but with the ingre- dients in different proportions. Electuary with Peruvian Bark and Muriated Am- monia, R. Pulv. Cinchonas subt. 3J. Amraon. muriat. (Muriat. Ammon. Ph. Ed.) 5J. Syr. Cort. Aurant. q. s. Ut fiat Electuarium. In bilious., remitting, and intermitting fevers. Pringle, Who remarks that a drachm of rhubarb may be added, if the state of the bowels requires it. Electuary with Peruvian Bark and Ammoniacal Iron. R. Pulv. Cinchonae subt. 3j. Extract. Gentianae Feri". Amra. (Muriat. Aram, et Ferr. Ph. Ed.) aa 5J. o 1Q4 tonics* Class VIL Oxymel. Scillae. Syr. Aurant. Cort. aa 3J. M. F. Electuarium. Dose, 2 drachms (or a tea spoonful) every 3 hoars. In dropsies, accompanied with lurking intermittent fever. See Quaiun. Electuary with Peruvian Bark and Snakeroot. R. Pulv. Cinchonse subt. £yj. Serpentar. Virginianae 51J. Syr. Cort. Aurant. q. s. Ut fiat Electuarium. Dose, one drachm morning and evening. In epileptic and hysterical disorders. With the substitution of the above syrup for that of peony, which is no longer kept in the shops, this is from Fuller. A double quantity of this electuary, viz. two drachms, may be given for a dose, in most cases. Electuary with Peruvian Bark and Sassafras, R. Pulv. Cinchonae subt. 5JSS. Pulv. Sassafras. ^ss. Syr. Simpl. q. s. Ut fiat Electuarium. Dose the quantity of a large nutmeg twice a day. In leprous and scorbutic cases. T. Heeeuden. Draught with Decoction of Peruvian Bark and Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum. B. Decoct. Cinchonas $ij. Tinct. Guaiac. Ph. L. (Tinct. Guaiac. Ammoniat. Ph. Ed.) Syr. Croci aa 5J. M. Class VII. TONICS. 2Q5 To be taken every 6 or 8 hours. In chronic rheuma- tism. Hugh Smith. Some mucilage should be added to make the guaiacum tincture mix properly with the decoc- tion. Draught with Tincture of Peruvian Bark and Citrated Kali. R. Succ. Limon. rec. ^ss. Kali praep. (CarboUat. Potassae, Ph. Ed.) 3j. Aq. Cinnamon. 3j. Tinct. Cinchon. 5ij. Syr. Aurant. Cort. 5J. M. To be taken every 6 hours* Fox's Form. Draught with Peruvian Bark and Tincture of Myrrh. R. Pulv. Cinchon. sub. 5J. Aq. Cinnamom. §ij. Tinct. Myrrhae 5J. M. LlND. Draught with Infusion of Gentian and Wine of Iron. R. Infus. Gentianae c. 3JSS. Vin. Ferri5ij. Sp. Lavend. c. 5J. M. F. Haustus. To be taken at 11 in the morning and 5 in the afternoon. In loss of appetite from debility of the stomach. With a re- 4uced proportion of the vinum ferri, this is from Hugh Smith. O 2 }q6 tonics. Class VIL Draught with Myrrh and Iron. R. Myrrhae 3j. Kali praep. (Carbonat Potassae, Ph. Ed.) gr. xv. Ferr. Vitr. (Sulphat. Ferri, Ph, Ed.) gr. vij. Aq. Cinnamom* 3jss. M. In hectic and hysterical cases. After the manner of Griffith. From considering this prescription, it is evident, says Dr. Donald Monro, that it consists of myrrh joined to vitriolated kali (sulphate of potass, Ed. Ph.) and some calx (oxyd) of iron; for the kali (potass) unites with the vitriolic acid (sulphuric acid, Ed. Ph ) of the vitriolated iron, (sulphate of iron, Ed. Ph.) and precipitates the iron. It would be a more elegant method, he adds, of prescribing this medicine, to order so much vitriolated kali, (sulphate of potass) and so much rubigo or lima- tura ferri, in place of the vitriolated iron (sulphate of iron) and kali (potass). Dr. Percivai relates the case of a young lady, affected with pulmonic complaints which threatened a phthisis, whom he cured by the use of myrrh without the chalybeate. He gave it in the dose of twelve grains, every six hours, dissolved in a saline effervescing draught. Solution of Vitriolated Zinc. As under Asteingents. Infusion of Peruvian Bark. R. Pulv. Cinchonae subt. |j. Class VI L tonics. 1£7 Aquae purae ^viij. Macera sine calorc per xij horas, et cola. Dose, '2 or 3 ounces. Lewis. Both in his Dispensatory, and in his Experi- mental History, the time of maceration first as- signed by this author, was twenty-four hours ; but later experiments, as he observes in a note afterwards, shewed that it might be diminished to twelve hours, and even still further reduced, with- out any injury to the medicine: For, a mixture of one part of bark and eight of water, being filtered after standing for one hour, the liquor appeared, from every test, to be very nearly, if not fully, as strong as those which had stood two, four, eight, twelve, twenty- four hours. By doubling the proportion of bark and making use of agitation, or what is perhaps still better, trituration, a strong infusion may be obtained in a very few minutes. But this last method of preparing the medicine, is by much too expensive for general use ; and occasions a waste of the drug, which need not be incurred where time can be allowed. It may be noticed here, however, for the benefit of apothe- caries, that the powder which remains after these macerations, still retains, as Dr. Percival has re- marked, a considerable degree of strength, and may afterwards be applied to other useful purposes. Instead of common water, lime water, or water impregnated with the carbonic acid gas (fixed air) 3Q8 tonics. Class VIL may be employed with great advantage for extract- ing, by cold infusion, the virtues of the bark. The latter especially seems to make it sit easier on the stomach, and to contribute at the same time to its tonic operation. Infusion of Buck-bean. Make an infusion of the dried leaves of Buck-bean (Meny- anthes trifoliata) and drink it in the same manner as tea. Cullest, Who says that this plant does not lose its strength, as some have given out, by drying. Besides its use in those cases in which other bit- ters are employed, this author informs us, that he met with several instances of its good effects in some cutaneous diseases, of the herpetic or seemingly cancerous kind. Haller relates that Boerhaave derived considerable advantage from it in arthritis ; in several cases of which the juice of the fresh herb, to the amount of eight or ten ounces a day, has been since given, with good effect, by Dr. Aasheim of Copenhagen. As a still further recommendation of the buck-bean, we may add, that Bergius experienced surprising benefits from it, in the form of an infusion, as above prescribed, not only in the last mentioned complaint, but likewise in autumnal fevers and asthma. Infusion of Tansy. Made and used in the same manner. Class VII. tonics. 199 This last infusion lias been recommended taken warm or cold (but chiefly cold, as in that state larger quantities of it are retained on the stomach) in arthritic rases. It is proper to remark, how- ever, that the mischievous consequences which have been brought on by the Portland powder, should make us cautious of giving bitters in large quantities, or for much length of time in this disorder. In other respects, this plant has been more commonly employed to destroy worms; with which intention it has been much noticed by Rosenstein. Infusion of Quassy* R. Bad. Quahsue ras. £J. Aq. ferventis tbj. Macera leni calore per horam, dein cola. Dose, 2 table spoonfuls several times a day, in intermitting fevers, arthritis, &c. LlX tf JEUS. Dr. Murray thinks the maceration should be continued longer; and adds, that in his own prac- tice he generally gives three or four times the quantity here prescribed; doses, which Linnaeus himself is willing to allow in some cases. On these authorities, and more especially on the au- thority of M. Severi, who says that this vegetable neither disorders the stomach nor bowel-, though taken very freely, we would recommend the in- fusion to be made with at least a double propor- tion of the root. Quassia is one of the purest vegetable bitters, having nothing irritating or sti- 200 tonics. Class VII. mulant in its action, and on this account being preferable in many cases to the aromatic bitters. It has been administered with considerable suc- cess in several acute diseases, chiefly of a bilious nature, in the West Indies and South America, from whence it is brought to us. It has been tried also, with the like advantage, in the same cases, and in many chronic disorders besides, in several parts of Europe, and particularly in Swe- den ; where, according to Bergius, it has long since become a standing remedy of the shops. It seems to be chiefly efficacious in debilities of the stomach and intestinal canal, in nervous com- plaints, and in some painful affections that recur periodically, such as head-ach and gout. Of its use in the last of these cases, especially when of the irregular or atonic kind, Linnaeus, Sandifort, Bergius, and Thorstensen, bear strong testimony. Among our own practitioners, Dr. Donald Monro has frequently ordered with good effects, both the powder and infusion of this root, in fevers ; and has likewise found it to be a good stomachic bitter in many cases: And Dr. Lettsom recommends it strongly, from his own successful trials, in cases of hysteria, nervous debility, dyspepsia from hard drinking, and habitual diarrhoea. He prescribes it infused in boiling water, as above; but with the addition of a small quantity of vitriolated zinc, (sulphate of zinc, Ed. Ph.) and some testaceous powder: A form which we consider as rather un- chemical. Class VII. tonics. 201 Infusion of Chamomile and Orange Peel. R. Flor. Chamoemel. 5J. Cort. Aurant. 3SS. Aq. frigidae ftiij. Macera per xxiv horas. Dose, a tea cupful or more twice or thrice a day. Pkrcival. Chamomile flowers, says this author, have their bitterness very perfectly extracted by cold macera- tion, and in this way are much more grateful than when infused in boiling water. Prescribed as above, they make a light, cheap, and agreeable stomachic medicine. In some cases a couple of drachms of the Peruvian bark in line powder, may be added to this infusion. Compound Infusion of Gentian, L. and Ed. Ph. Dose, three or four table spoonfuls, either alone or com- bined with spirituous and acid admixtures. Decoction of Peruvian Bark, L. and Ed. PL To be given by itself, or with the addition of an ounce and a half or two ounces of its own tincture to a pint, in the doses of a tea cupful. In the same cases as the powder and draught. Decoction of Simarouba. R. Cort. Simarub. 5ij. Docoque ex Aq. purae 3*xiv ad 5XJJ et cola. This is to be divided into three equal parts, and the whole taken in twenty- four hours. In the same cases as the powder. Wjugiit. 3 202 tonics. Class V1L When the stomach is reconciled to it, says this author, three drachms may be boiled in the same quantity of water, and taken as above-mentioned. Some join aromatics to this decoction ; others give a few drops of laudanum with each dose. It is to be drunk daily till the disorder is cured, which sometimes happens in a few days, and at other times it may require weeks to perfect a cure. Dr. Wright sets down the above stated proportion as the best: And though it is not near so much as that prescribed by Dr. Lind, yet is this preparation stronger than that directed by Jussieu, and con- siderably stronger than that employed by Dr. Gar- den, of South Carolina. This last practitioner, according to Dr. Blane's account, after having almost abandoned this medicine, in consequence of its failure when he gave it in strong decoctions, and in substance, succeeded with it afterwards by- using it in a very weak decoction, a scruple only- being boiled in a pint of water down to half a pint. This bark is improper in the beginning of fluxes, and should only be employed in their advanced stages. From its efficacy in restraining the im- moderate discharges in dysentery, menorrhagia, and leucorrhfea (in which two last cases it has been administered with success in the Charitv Hospital at Paris) it has been generally ranked amongst the Astringents; to which, however, the Class VIL tonics. 203 chemical experiments of Bergius and Murray show that it does not properly belong. Decoction of Iceland Liver-wort. As under Demulcents. Vinous Infusion of Peruvian Bark. R. Pulv. Cinchona subt. §j. Vini rubri Portugallici ftj. Macera sine calore per aliquot dies, vitro clauso et saepius agitato j dein cola. With the substitution of Port wine for the red wine of Al- lace. this is after the manner of the Disp. Fuld. Talbor's celebrated infusion of the Peruvian bark was, as Dr. Percival has remarked, made with red Port wine ; and Sydenham has a similar infusion made with Rhenish wine. Vinous Infusion of TFormivood. R. Herbae Absinthii manip. j. Cort. Aurant. hisp, 51J. Vini alb. hisp. fbij. Macera et cola. Dose, a wine glassful occasionally. In debilities of the stomach, and in convalescency from intermittent fevers. Hartman. Some of the light austere wines are preferable to the Spanish white wine for the preparation of such infusions.— What Hartman directs is the Austrian wine, which is something like the Rhenish, but more austere. The tops of wormwood are the 4 204 tonics. Class VII. part generally used ; but Dr. Cullen found that the leaves afford the strongest bitter. Vinous Infusion of Aloes. Give a tea spoonful of the Wine of Aloes, L. Ph. in a draught of cold chamomile tea, an hour or two before and after dinner. In the same manner may be taken from one to two tea spoonfuls of the Vinous Infusion of Rhubarb, i. e. the Wine of Rhubarb , L. Ph. and Tincture of Rhubarb with Gentian, Ed. Ph. Tincture of Peruvian Bark, L. and Ed. Ph. Two tea spoonfuls or more in a glass of water, to be taken once or twice a day. In the same manner, and in the doses of one, two, or three tea spoonfuls, may be given the Compound Tincture of Bark, L. Ph. Compound Tincture of Gentian, L. and Ed. Ph. Tincture of Columbo, L. and Ed. Ph. Tincture of Cascarilla, L. Ph. Drops with Acidulated Tincture of Aloes. R. Tinct. Alois comp. 3J. Acid. Vitriol, dilut. (Acid, sulphurici dilut. Ph. Ed.) 3ss. M. Dose, twenty drops twice a day, in a glass of water. Va- ried from Lucas. Class VII. tonics. 205 Drops with Acidulated Tincture of Peruvian Bark, R. Tinct. Cinchon 51J. Elix. Vitriol. Mynsicht. 3ss. M. Eighty or a hundred drops to be taken twice a day in a draught of Spa water. Fox's Form. Fuller has long since remarked, that a mixture of the vitriolic acid with spirit of cinnamon, in the proportion of a drachm of the former to an ounce of the latter, with the addition of a little oil of cloves, affords a medicine which performs all that can be expected from the operose elixir of Myn- sicht. Drops with Acidulated Tincture of Gentian. R. Tinct. Gentianae comp. 5vij. Acid. Vitr. dilut. (Acid, sulphurici dilut. Ph. Ed.) 5 j. M. Eighty or a 100 drops, or a tea spoonful, to be taken twice or thrice a day, in a glass of red wine and water. Varied from Hugh Smith. The proportion of acid may be doubled in some cases. Drops ivith Muriated Iron. Give of the Tincture of Muriated Iron, L. Ph. from twenty to sixty or eighty drops twice or thrice a day, in a glass of water, or in cold chamomile tea, or decoction of Peru- vian bark. Epithem of Penman Bark. Quilt three or four ounces (according to the size of the pa- 206 tonics. Class VII, tient) of finely pulverized Peruvian bark, within the folds of a double linen waistcoat, which is to be worn, night and day, next the skin. For children that cannot be made to take thi* drug by the mouth. See Pye. Besides this, and the application of caliico shirts dipped in a decoction of the Peruvian bark (as mentioned under Astringents) there are yet two other ways of using this medicine externally, viz. the powder after boiling it down in water to a sort of paste, may be applied to the region of the sto- mach, in the form of cataplasm, to be moistened with some of its own decoction as often as it gets dry ; or lastly, the decoction may be employed as a bath or semicupium. Clyster with Extract of Peruvian Bark. R. Extr. Cinchonse 5SS. Solve coquendo in Aq. purse 5'iv. dein add® Ol. Oliv. 5ss. Tinct. Opii gtt. x. M. F. Enema. To be thrown up every fourth hour. In agues. Lind. When the bark, says this author, is entirely nau- seated, from a weakness of the stomach, or from an aversion of the patient to the taste of the me- dicine, it will be proper to give it in clysters ; in which form he has found it as efficacious as when given by the mouth. Its use, in this way, should be premised by a cathartic clyster. The extract, Class VII. tonics. 207 he further remarks, has been administered in clysters to the quantity of six ounces, to patients who could not have received half an ounce of the bark in any other form ; and many have been cured by clysters, after large quantities of the bark had been unsuccessfully taken by the mouth ; it being in this way that the largest quantities of bark can be administered. It might be an im- provement in this prescription, to diffuse the ex- tract in hot water by trituration, without any boil- ing ; a process which seems to weaken the me- dicine bv dissipating its more volatile parts. Where the extract shall be found too expensive, a couple of drachms of the powder may be em- ployed in its place, with the addition of some of its own decoction, instead of common water. Other practitioners have given the bark in this manner with the best effect ; but with a larger proportion of tincture of opium, and with the further addition of some thin starch-gelly, by which means the clysters were longer retained, See Clarke on the Yellow Fever. CLASS VIII. STIMULANTS. Medicines which rouse and support the languid or drooping powers of life, are denominated Sti- mulants. They are also termed Cordials. Enumeration of the principal Stimulants. Ammonia et ejus praeparata. Vol. Alkali and its preparations. Sal et Liquor Volatilis C. C. Salt and Vol. Liquor of Hartshorn. Cantharis Meloe vesicatorius. Spanish fly. Moschus Moschus moschiftrus* Musk. Allium Allium sativum. . Garlick. Ariisum Pimpinella Anisum. Aniseed. Arnica Arnica montana, Leopard's-bane. Arum Arum maculatum. Arum. Assafcetida Ferula Assafcetida. Assafcetida. Balsamum copaiva Copaifera officinalis Balsam of copaiva* Balsamum peruvianum Myroxylon peruifcrum. Balsam of Peru. Class Fill. STIMULANTS. 209 Balsamum tolutanum Toluifera Bahamum. Balsam of Tolu. Canella alba. Canella alba. Cardamomum Amomum repens. Cardamom. Amomum Cardamomum. Caruon Carum Carui. Carraway. Caryophylla arom Eugenia Caryophyllata. Cloves. Caryophyllus aromaticus, Cascarilla Clutia Eleuteria. Cascarilla. Croton Eleuteria. Cinnamomum Laurus Cinnamomum. Cinnamon. Galbanum Bubon Galbanum. Galbanum. Guaiacum Guaiacum officinale. Guaiacum. Mentha piperitis Mentha piperita, Peppermint. Mezereum Daphne Mezereum. Mezereon. Nux moschata Myristica moschata. Nutmeg. Opium Papaver somnifeium. Opium. Opopanax Pastinaca Opopanax. Opopanax. Pimento Myrtus Pimento. Pimento. Piper indicum Capsicum annuum Red Pepper. Cayenne Pepper. Piper longum Piper longum. Long Pepper. Piper nigrum Piper nigrum. Black and White Pepper. P 210 STIMULANTS. CktSS VI IT. Raphanus rusticanus Cochlearia Armoracia Horse radish. Serpentaria Aristolochia Serpent aria. Virginian Snake root. Sinapi Sinapis nigra. Mustard. Terebinthina Pinus syltestris. Turpentine Pinus Larix, &c. Valeriana Valeriana ujiciuulis. Valerian. Zedoaria Kaempferit rotunda. Zedoary. Amomura Zedoaria. Zingiber Amomum Zingiber. Ginger. iEther vitriolicus iEther sulphuricus, Ph. Ed. Vitriolic sether. Sulphuric iEther. Vinuni et Alkohol. Wine and Alkohol. Ferrum et ejus prseparata. Iron and its preparations. Balneum calidum. The Hot Bath. Balneum Vaporis. Vapor Bath. Thermae Bathonicse et Buxtonienseg-. Bath and Buxton Waters. Electrisatio et Galvanisatio. Electricity and Galvanism. Gas oxygenium. Oxygen gas. Diaphoretica Diaphoretics. Tonica. Tonics. ClaSS Fill. STIMULANTS. 211 Powder with Cayenne Pepper and Bayberries. R. Semin. Capsici gr. vj. Bacc. Laur. 3ij. M. F. Pulvis in iij partes aequales dividendus. One portion to be taken immediately as the cold fit comes on; the 2nd portion to be taken at the same time the next day j and the third, the third day. In obstinate agues. Beiigius. It is the seeds not the capsule that this author directs in the above prescription. The Capsicum or Cayenne pepper has likewise been given with the best effect in the advanced stage of the yellow fever, even after the black vomiting has come on, by some West-India practitioners. They direct it to be given in the form of pills with mucilage, each pill containing 3 grains of the pulverised capsicum, to be repeated every 2 or 3 hours. These pills should be well coated with dough or white wafer ; othenvise the fiery sensation which the pepper excites in the throat, will make it difficult to persuade the patient to swallow a se- cond dose. Some practitioners add opium to these pills. It is further to be remarked that the Cayenne pepper has been found to be an excel- lent remedy in the malignant ulcerated sore throat, taken internally and used also as a gargle. In these cases it has been prescribed in the form of an infusion, two tea spoonfuls of the pepper being added to half a pint of warm vinegar and the same quantity of boiling water. When it has stood for p 2 21^ STIMULANTS. ClttSS FILL about an hour, the liquor is strained through a fine cloth, and two table spoonfuls are given every half hour. Poivder with Arum and Car r away, R. Had. Ari recenter exsiccat. 3J. Sem. Carui 3SS. Magn. alb. 5ij. M. Dose, a tea spoonful in a morning. In indigestion with a weak and slimy condition of the stomach ; and in rheumatic and gouty constitutions. Altered from Kicolai* A powder somewhat like this, which is after the manner of Quercetanus and Birkmann, used to have a place in our pharmacopoeias, under the title of the Compound Powder of Arum. If the exsiccation of the root be properly managed, and the powder be afterwards carefully kept from the air, the medicine in this form, which is sometimes more convenient than that of a conserve or elec- tuary, is not without considerable activity: But if these precautions be neglected, as they too often are, the arum in this state is rendered inert ; and therefore the conserve is the preparation most to be depended upon. In some obstinate head-achs, depending, as he supposed, upon a certain bilious condition of the alimentary canal, Bergius found the root of this plant, rubbed together with an Vqual quantity of vitriolated kali (sulphate of potass, Ed. Ph.) and half as much rhubarb, of singular service. So Class VllL STIMULANTS. 21 3 combined, however, it seems to have hardly any other effect than that of a cathartic. Powder with Ginger and Oil of Aniseed R. Sacch. purificat. 5J. Ol. Anisi gtt. ij, Simul tritis adde Myrrhae 3j. Pulv. Zingib. 3ss. M. F. Pulvis, To be taken twice a day. In debilities of the stomach, with Joss of appetite. Hartman. Powder of Arnica. Give of the powdered root of Arnica or Leopard's-bane ^ss for a dose, to be repeated every 2 or 3 hours. In typhoid ^bilious fevers, Stoll. Powder with Arnica and Cascarilla. R. Pulv. Rad, Arnicas 5ij. . Cascarillae 3iv. M. et divide in vj vel viij partes aequales. One to be taken every three or four hours, along with some mucilaginous decoction. In the same cases, and in the ad- vanced stages of dysentery. With an equal quantity of cas- carilla in place of the Winter's bark, this prescription is from Collin. Repeated trials made in the Vienna hospital have established beyond dispute, the cordial and alexipharmic virtues of this root. Stoll has em- phatically called it the Cinchona of the Poor. Certain it is that, in his experiments, and in those 214 STIMULANTS. Class Fill. made by Collin, it operated like the Peruvian bark, in the sinking and exhausted stages of bilious fever and dysentery, raising the pulse, resisting putre- faction, and restraining the alvine discharge. In cases of great urgency, it may be given to the quan- tity of a drachm at a time, repeated every other hour. It promises to be a useful and cheap re- medy for civil and military hospitals. For further observations on this subject, see Electuary, Infu- sion, and Decoction of Arnica. Poivder with Cinnamon and Long Pepper. Give of the Aromatic Powder,, L. Ph. 10 or 12 grs. for a dose. Poivder ivith Cinnamon and Ginger. Give of the Aromatic Powder, Ed. Ph. 15 or 20 grs. For a dose. i These compositions answer the end sufficiently well of Fuller's more compound peptic powder ; which he directs to be sprinkled upon a toast dip- ped in wine, and taken immediately after dinner and sapper. Magnesia, in a double or triple proportion, is frequently an useful addition to these powders. Mustard Seed. Give of unbruised Mustard Seed a table spoonful, night and morning. In dropsies. Mead. ClaSS VIII. STIMULANTS. *l 1 5 In vernal in term it tents, especially tertians, Ber- gius relates that these seeds given entire, and swal- lowed without being chewed, daring the intermis- sions, to the amount of a large spoonful four or five times a day, often removed the fits. The patients were ordered not to drink any thing warm after them. This medicine is also useful in palsy and chronic rheumatism. Dr. Cullen has re- marked, that the seeds given in the above man- ner, are never broken down or dissolved in the stomach, but pass away entire by stool. This ex- plains why they may be given so freely without any harm. White Pepper-corns. Give of White Pepper-corns, unbruised, in number, twelve, in a glass of cold water, in a morning. In hemicrania pro- ceeding from a weakness of the stomach. Lange. Frustules of Horseradish. Give of the fresh roots of horseradish, chopped small, a large spoonful (to be swallowed down without chewing) every morning for a month. In arthritic and scorbutic cases. Beiigius, Who directs at the same time half a pint of the infusion of juniper tops to be drunk after this medicine. Pills with Asafoetida and Salt of Amber. Jl. Asaefoctidae. Castorei, aa 5Jss. 21 6 stimulants. Class Fill, Sal. Succini 5SS. Ol. C. C. 3ss. Commixta Tinct. Myrrhae coge in massam, unde formentur Pilulae,, quarum singulae grana duo habeant. Ph. Suec. Four or five of these pills may be given three or four times a day. Bergius says he has cured tertians, and other intermittents of long standing, by these pills either alone, or joined with the use of the bark. Compound Galbanum Pills, L. Ph. Dose, fifteen grains or a scruple. In the same manner may be given the Compound Pills of Asafoetida, Ed. Ph. Pills ivith Guaiacum and Aloes. R. Gum. Guaiaci Aloes aa 5JSS. Bals. Per. q. s. Ut fiat massa pilularis. Dose, (a scruple or) half a drachm before suppers. For cold distempers of the stomach, and for prevention of the gout. Fuller. Perhaps if the guaiacum were employed in a larger, and the aloes in a smaller proportion, these pills, by being less purgative, would be better suited to most of the cases for which they are in- tended. ClaSS Fill. STIMULANTS. 217 Turpentine Pills. R. Pulv. Glycyrrhiz. -£\). Terebinth. Venet. q. s. Ex singul. 5ss hujus massse fiant Pilulae v, bis die sumendae. Guy's Hosp. Medicines of this kind are often employed for the cure of gleet and fluor albus. In slight cases of the former, Mr. John Hunter has found the balsams, turpentines, &c. to be of use. He thinks he has been able to ascertain this fact, that when they are of service, they are almost immediately so ; therefore, if upon trial they are not found to lessen, or totally remove the gleet in five or six days he never has continued them longer: And even where they have either lessened or totally removed the gleet in that time, it will often recur upon leaving them off; and therefore, he adds, they should be continued for some time after the symp- toms have disappeared. Dr. Cullen's observations in this respect, are pretty much the same. On the other hand, Mr. Theden has seen turpentine prove hurtful in these cases; and hence in his Advice to Young Surgeons, he cautions against its general use. With regard to fluor albus, Dr. Cullen tells us that he frequently employed terebinthinate me- dicines in this disorder, but seldom with success; and one hindrance of this, he says, was, that few female stomachs could be brought to bear the 218 stimulants. Class VUL quantities that might be necessary. See further remarks respecting the use and abuse of terebin- thinate and balsamic medicines under the article Drops of Balsam of Copaiva. Bolus with Snakeroot and Camphor, R. Serpen tar. Virginian, pulv. 5ss. Camphor. (Sp. Vin. subact.) 3ss. Succ Bacc. Sambuci spissat. q. s. Ut fiat Bolus. To be taken every 3 hours. In the sinking stage of malign nant fevers. Tissot. Should there be much looseness of the bowels, the opiate confection, L. Ph. may be employed in- stead of the inspissated juice of elderberry. Fifteen grains or a scruple will in most instances be a sufficient dose of the serpentaria ; and per- haps the quantity of camphor in this prescription should be reduced to five or six grains. Bolus icith Ammoniacal Iron and Ginsrer. o R. Ferr. Amnion. (Muriat. Amm. et Ferri, Ph. Ed.) Pulv. Zingib. aa gr. xij. Muc. G. Tragacanfeh. q. s. Ut fiat Bolus. To be taken twice a day. In debilities of the stomach. Hardinge, Bolus with Ammonia and Spanish fly. B. Amnion, pnep. (Carbonat. Amm. Ph. J5d.) Confect. Aromat. aa 9j. ClaSS VIII. STIMULANTS. 2JQ Canthar. in pulv. trit. gr. j. Syr. vel Muc. q. s. Ut fiat Bolus. To be taken every 6 or 4 hours, washing it down with a strong infusion of valerian and horseradish. In paralytic af- fections. Val-ghax. According to the state of the patient and the effects of the medicine, the quantity of ammonia and aromatic confection, may be increased to half a drachm, or even two scruples ; and the dose of the Spanish fly may be also doubled. This last however, on account of its irritating effects upon the urinary passages, must be administered with caution ; and should be discontinued as soon as any degree of strangury or pain and heat about the pubes, shew the bladder to be affected. Plen- tiful dilution with decoction of barley, gruel, or milk and water, must be had recourse to when such symptoms arise. Bolus with Camphor and Oil of Cinnamon, R. Camphor, gr. xv. Ol. Cinnamom. gtt. iij. Confect. Aromat. q. s. Ut fiat Bolus. See Donald Monro. We have substituted the aromatic confection for the conserve of rosemary, which is now ex- cluded from our pharmacopoeias. The author above-mentioned, says that Geoffroy (whose ori- 220 stimulants. Class VI1L ginal prescription., however, contains also a grain of opium) recommends this bolus as a good reme- dy for promoting sweat. Bolus of Aromatic Confections L. Ph. Half a drachm made into a bolus. Bolus of Confection of Opium, L. PL In the same quantity. Bolus of Opiate Electuary, Ed. Ph. In the quantity of two scruples. Or these confections may be made into draughts, by mixing the aforesaid quantities with an ounce or an ounce and a half of any of the distilled waters. Electuary with Arum, Lew. D. Dose, the size of a nutmeg twice or thrice a day. In scor- butic and rheumatic cases, This prescription is an improvement upon Sy- denham's celebrated electuary for what he has termed the scorbutic rheumatism. This root has been also prescribed in the form of an emul- sion, of which an example is given in the dispen- satory last quoted ; but the electuary composition is the best. In either of these ways the root of this vegetable may be given in doses from JO grs. to a scruple, 3 or 4 times a day. From our own experience we can confirm what Lewis has re- Class V1IL STIMULANTS. 221 ported of the arum in cases of chronic rheuma- tism, especially when occurring in persons abound- ing in cellular membrane, and of a pallid com- plexion. Electuary with Valerian and Ammonia, R. Pulv. Rad. Valer. sylv. 31J. Cinchon. subt. 5SS. Ammon. prsep. (Caibonat. Ammon. Ph. Ed.) 31J. Syr. Zingib. q. s. Ut fiat Electuarium. Dose, from one to two drachms five or six times in the day. In periodical head-achs, which attack only one side of the head. Donald Monro. Electuary with Floivers of Arnica. K. Flor. Arnicae 5ix. Mellis vel Syrupi q. s. Ut fiat Electuarium molle. To serve for 2 days. In agues. Collin. Dr. Donald Monro, as far as we have heard, is the only person (for it may be doubted whether Dr Home procured the genuine plant) who has made trial of the arnica in this kingdom. He gave it to some soldiers, labouring under inter- mitting and remitting complaints at Coxheath Camp, but without success. He acknowledges, however, that for want of a sufficient quantity of the medicine, his experiments were too few to ad- mit of any general or certain conclusion. Dr, 7 222 stimulants. Class PHL Woodville says he has not been able to procure this plant from any of the London druggists. Linctus with Oil of Turpentine, R. Ol. Terebinthinae 5'ij. Mellis opt. 5j. M. F. Linctus. Dose, a tea spoonful night and morning, with a draught of any weak warm drink after each dose. In the sciatica. Home. Dr. Cheyne, who first recommended this medi- cine, says, that large doses of oil of turpentine, with honey, very often dislodge the hip-gout in a few days ; but he adds, that it is extremely sick- ening, and strongly vomits, unless much diluted with weak sack-whey. In some of our hospitals it is ordered in the quantity of half a drachm twice a day. Dr. Cullen remarks that, though he never found any person's stomach to bear the oil of tur- pentine in the quantity proposed by Doctors Pit- cairn and Cheyne, in the sciatica, and on this account, perhaps, was disappointed of its effects in the entire cure of the disease ; yet, in less doses, he frequently found it an useful remedy. When over-dosed, as Dr. Donald Monro has re- marked after Stedman, it disorders the alimentary and urinary passages in a violent manner ; for which reason it should be given at first in small quantities, and be carefully watched during the course of its exhibition. Class Fill. STIMULANTS. 223 Draught with Vitriolic JElher. R. Aq. menth. pip. 5J. iEther. vitriolici (^Ether. Sulphur. Ph. Ed.) gtt. L. Sacch. puriricat. 5J. M. F. Haustus. Varied from' the Pn. Genev. Vitriolic aether (sulphuric aether) may be given in considerably larger doses (viz. 2 or 3 drachms) according to the constitution of the patient and the nature of the complaint. Opiates and the various preparations of ammonia are often joined to it, with advantage. It is a valuable remedy in asthma, and hysteria ; but it is not much to be commended in gouty cases, in which, however., some physicians are very fond of prescribing it. Draught with Long Pepper. R. Piperis longi gr. [viii. vel] xij. Confect. Aromat. 3j. Aq. menth. pip. Bjss. Sp. Myristicae 5'ij. M. F. Haustus. Against gout in the head or stomach. Fox's Form, Draught with Salt of Hartshorn. R. Sal. C. C. gr. xv. Aq. Cinnamom. 5JSS. Sp. Cinnam. 51J. Fiat Haustus. Suited to cases of gout in the stomach. With the suhsti- 3 224 STIMULANTS, Class VIIT. tution of cinnamon water and Spirit of Cinnamon for Rhenish wine, this is after Rosenstein. It is also, like the draught with volatile liquor of hartshorn, mentioned under Diaphoretics, ap- plicable to cases of chronic rheumatism. Draught with Salt of Hartshorn and Ginger. R. Pulv. Zingib. gr. xv. Sal. C. C. gr. viij. Aq. men th. pip. §jss. Sp. myristicae ^ij. M. F. Haustus. To be taken ever}' 6th hour. In the same cases. Varied from Fox's Form. The addition of a couple of drachms of some syrup of ginger, or syrup of orange peel to these 2QS HETEROCLITES. Class XIL ment, a dose of precipitated sulphur was given night and morning, by which means the body was kept sufficiently open. Klein, and WerlhofFs editor and commentator, Wichmann, confirm from their own experience, the safety and effi« cacy of this mode of treatment. ( 2Q9 ) 2 P O H H P a § p o S3 P pq << H w o I* p pq & Q W & en P s CO o g 3 o "A I O • p* < > o < 5 B c 3 1--S8. s a £'£ u — QJ a c g -a S cL-£> i5 • — »o .gt — ii P ex. * 13 J-. s s II B 3 G « '> '-5 E G 3 3 CO = * § 2 3 B.3 JLB c« > CX, to « — a -G G « „' & 8 & ? -d P-5 « | | § _ +3 co J2 «d 3 .- 1 *3 -a I s £ 8- SO 1 ". o. c I .g. CD 3 2 c 3 Cfl y 3 'a* o. Jfc» d. crt co O co BT3 § 2 o o 0) ^uu s & co co co O co Sw < < II -3 I g 1 1 5 o I I TABULA I. NOMINUM MUTATORUM. P w W c •-i 8 O li •5X3 ^ CD TO < CO ^ u u V^ en ro C « " cu cJ I -1 8 .±2 • TO S-i !- J3 co co < a o o a. 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NOMINUM MUTATORUM. 3 tt a 3 -3 c re 3 3 ."3 3 03 CJ 4) en S ! 3 crJ 3 C o .— b b"0 y 'J 3 f i in 3 ■•- 3 d tn • ■s ?«l s W<3 Q W W Is J-. oj £P.s 3 rev-.. q oj « s a .2 lis § « ^ 3 rt ° .S 2 2 2° .2 - 2 g 2 3 3 cj 8 y y o i.3 V- S 2 3 S S"y JS y 5 « S « g^ re « * El Z 3. t3 0-^-3 re ctt 2 2 S u) y « O y o o, y y O "cs 3 2 g y S S^ £ 2 o Cu3-^- o 2 8 g ■n n a-S 3 3 y cs <*> o § S 3 a •r; »-< o3 en S3 03 O 3-i ^ E WW » 9 O 3* tf-e y >«m bo « re 'g 8,2:3 bn 2 -3 2 3 y TABULA II. NOMINUM MUTATORUM, 311 -G O -a .0 C3 C I I I I CD y bfl.2 £ t: Jo- S « 3 3 3 n « ^ - « <■> « R a. B.s <3c "• o a CD EO V- 3 •a c c rt CO I? S •8 s Pi & o bO S ,3 •« fc S £ 2 2 r„ "= "^ C CO _. 5 «j .2 bO >-. .2 pG '•C en ,2 fl s 'j- 1 fl ,23 *H fl »^co s s s 3 H l/l CO ^J O ra B u .£3 a "3 cr CO r ■2 aa 3 H a CO '— 1 H £~ 3 s s « c « s a d. ra S CO CD u, £ c CCS » '^5 312 TABULA II. 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Oh CO CO W3 W C o .3, a CO < o t« o -a a* S en a a •5 G a W c3 W -d-s I >^-a w a <■> -5" Ch en 7 fe 13 re • re <+i •s s :SJ3 CO < Hco v. .a >N o Oh | o C3 - g S £ Sb.2 5 c e a a 're c 5 ° § «5 re ^ :u .a :u -2 «-2 re to 03 J ! - 2 E2 | "a Ph Pi 1 I a « S •a o re a s~ en re re re aw . ° °- - c £ o |8T9 2 o a--c5 £ '-a 8J J5 " a ' a re Oh fe •— CD en Q 3 a" 2 o 2 .2 "S, •2 E a o E re a a is .5 8-S 3 s — > a 314 TA.BULA II. NOMIXUM MUTATORUM, .3 Rt ,9- y tr. re _q I P I -3 1 eg re o Si o 2 6 1 re £> 3 ^ a re 3 3 .2 £ i i Cu« E .S3 o 'C s"£ re ■- 2 o bJD-G I o fc Q «* ■§ fc »§ 3 CO 3 O 'E fc •o c o o :3 '5 bo a cd ^ « re - 3-. u U •x: 3 re 2 3 Ou.= 3 cj o o C _3 3,-3 JB.:s re o ^ £ 2 'co o SI o w £ « o 3 U 3 JD :a; 3 3 q ^ •> X CO £ £ u gs I I .2 o re ;3 3 cu bC_3 TABULA II. NOMINUM MUTATORUM. 315 < •-« U » o g o •5 a o -2 a SsSu y. x H« IHH II u ._. « .8 CO o o z: o re G S S « »> S 4j ^ B 8' w 2 Itf S § g c ° 3 5 * 3.5s to 3 c« U -G .3 g jo *i p. o s o ftU O o « 2 .2§:§ o b o « ^ . .y. 'co 12 tis plum argyri tis hydr losum to o .— :_ TO £ "o acet hyd nitr resi inci nci s N — N -4-» G S CO a 3 TO S, G * 3 £> , O CO O w o 3 o ft O M E ° § cj JU c3 .— ■hw g O O co > w W fco 3 -c co ..h _c u }- « 5 c CU 3 c.0 P P ■ ^ I > 43 52 ti K .2 ••« TO S.fr.S c £ ^-C s rt CJ >-» to * w w w 8-c 13 -J s s ex, 2 CO C S ! S LATIN INDEX. A. Abrotonum Page 141 Absinthium Ul, 171, 192 Acetis hycirarg 7 plumbi 136", 140, 154, 155, 1 67 potassae 72, 80, 135 Acetum 135, 138, 139, 141, 149 scillae 80, 82 Acidum acetosum. Vide Acetum. muriaticum 140, 147, 151, 172 nitricum 4,18,140, 151, 172 oxymuriaticum 151 sulphuricum 141, 142, 147, 172, 204 vitriolicum. Vide Acidum Sulphur. Aconitum 9±, 96, 109, 260, 270 iEther 21, 31, 210, 223,242, 252,256 Alumen 142, 154, 15(5, 157, 160, l6l, lf>5, 172, 192 Allium 20, 209, 240, 276 Aloe 41, 46, 47, 51*63, 110, 113, 114, 116 Althaea 118 Ammonia praeparata 94, 130, 208, 218, 221, 240, 242 hepatisata. muriate 139, 193 Ammoniaretum cupri , ... 172, 186, 248 Ammoniacum 20, 27, 29, 82 Amygdalae 118, 121 Amylum 118, 129, 166 Angustura 17 1, 182 Anisum 208, 213, 242, 257 318 LATIN INDEX. Antimoniura tartarisatum 34, 36, 64, 101, 102 calcinatum 99 Aqua acetitis ammon 94, 104 ammoniae 130, 134, 150, 236 acetatae 94, 104 .... calcis 131, 133 .... calida 1 17 .... carbonatis Ammon. Vide Aq. Ammoniae, Ph. L. potassae. Vide Aq. Kali praep. frigida 135, 13(5, 141, 151 .... kali praeparati 131, 134 puri 131,134 .... lithargyri acetati 135 comp t 139 .... mephitica alkalina 131, 133 .... potassae. Vide Aq. Kali puri. .... supercarbonatis potassae 82, 131, 133 sodas 84 Arabicum gunimi 118, 121 Arnica 171, 208, 213, 221, 229 Arsenicum 172, 290 Arum 208, 212, 220, 232 Asafoetida 20, 30, 208, 215, 2l6, 242, 247, 258 Asarum 1,2. Aurantium hispalense 170, 201, 145, 255 B. Balneum calidum 210 v frigidum 1/3 Balsamum copaiva 208, 235 peruvianum 208, 225 tolutanum 209 Belladonna 260 Bistorta 153 Borax 142 Bryonia 41, 56 LATIN INDEX. 3ig C Calomelas .... 6, 43, 44, 45, 52, 53, 55 f 247, 277, 281, 283 Calx 131 .... hydrargyri alba 297 Camphora 9h 102, 107, 141, 144, 150, 218, 219, 239, 242, 24 8, 251, 253, 259 Cancrorum chelae 130, 131, 201 Cantharis 71, 78, 79, 208, 218, 233, 237, 238, 242, 259 Capsicum 209, 211 Carbonas ammoniae. Vide Ammon. praeparat. calcis. Vide Cret. praep. ferri. Vide Rubig. ferri. magnes. Vide Magn. alb. potassae. Vide Kali praep. sodae. Vide Natr. praep. Cardamine 242, 245 Cardamomum 209, 233 Caruon 209, 212 Caryophylla 209, 180 Cascarilla 170, 180, 204, 209, 213 Cassia fistularis 41, 59 Castoreum 242, 247, 252, 256 Cataplasma aluminis 139 cicutae 272 cumini , 237 sinapeos . .. 236 Catechu 153, 157, l60, l6l Cera 1 19, 120 Cerussa acetata 136', 140, 154, 155, 167 Chamcemelum . 142, 149, 170, 1 83, 192, 193 Chelae cancrorum 130, 131, 201 Cicuta 11, 142, 150, 260, 254, 264, 26o, 272 Cinchona 142, 145, 149, 150, 153, 156, 157, l60, l62, 170, 171, 174, 179, ISO, 1S1, J90, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 203, 204, 206, 243,251, 252 320 LATIN INDEX. Cinnamomum ^ 209, 214, 219, 233 Colchicum 72, 80, 81 Colocynthis 41, 49, 5J, 70 Colomba 171, 133, 204 Confectio aromat 220 opiata 220 Conserva absinthii 141 scillae 77 Contrayerva 94, 100, 142, 147, 241 Cornu cervi 122 Cortex Peruvc Vide Cinchon. Creta praeparata 131^ 182, 183 Crystalli tartari 43, 44, 45, 58, 72, 84, 135 Cuminum 237 Cuprum ammoniacum 172 vitriolatum 170^ 190 D. Decoctum arnicse 529 aurantii 255 cinchonae 145, 162, 201, 252 cornu cervi . . . > 122 dulcamaras 89 Geoffraeae 286 gernVae ( 6S guaiaci comp 108 . . . . hellebori albi 296 • • nigri , 69 hordei 122 comp 122 lichenis island 123 mezerei 230 Enema asaefoctidae 257 nicotianae 70, 259, 2S8 camphoratuni 287 opiatum 128, 274 LATIN INDEX. 321 Decoctum sambuci , 68 sarsaparill. comp 108 senekae 31 serpentariae 230 „ simarubas 201 taraxaci 67 tamarindor 66, 6/ tussilaginis 123 ulmi 91 Digitalis 72, 87, 88, 260, 270 Dolichos 276, 284 Dulcamara 72, 89 E. Elaterium 41 Electuarium cassiae 59 sennae 59 catechu 1 57, l6'6 Emplastrum cantharidis 237 citutae .' 273 o cumini 237 hyoscyami 273 ladani 237 opii 273 picis burgundicae 237 Emulsio amygdalae 121 arabica 121 cerae 1 20 camphorata 227 [Here introduce the 4 articles of Enema, by mistake inserted at the foot of the preceding page.~\ Extractum chamcemeli 139 cinchonae _ . . 190, 206 colocynth. comp 49, 70 gentianae 191 hellebori nigri 54 haematoxyli 1 59 Y 322 LATIN INDEX. Extractum nicotians ..'. 26 rutse 247 , . sabinae 113 Electrisatio 210, 243 F. Ferrum ammoniacale 113, 184, 192, 193, 218 tartarisatum 280 vitriolatum 112,114, 190, 280,283 Ferri limatura 189 rubigo 115, 189, 248, 279 Filix mas 276, 277 G. Galvanisatio 210, 243 Galbanum 209, 2l6, 243, 247 Gallae 153, 164 Garabogia 42, 53, 72, 77, 276, 283 Gas acidum carbonicum 142 . . . hydrogenium 21,31 carbonatum 21, 31 . . . oxygenium 173 Genista 42, 68, 72, 91 Gentiana 171, 191, 193, 195,201,204, 205 Geoffraea 276, 286 Glycyrrhiza 118, 119, 123 Gratiola 42, 65, 2?6 Granatum 153, 157, l6l, 164 Guaiacum 9*, 98, 102, 106, 108, 209, 2l6, 233 Gummi arabicum US, 121 H. Haematoxylon 153, 159 Helleborus albus 296 niger 54, 1 10, 1 13, 1 15 Hydrargyria .,...4, 8, 11, 14,77, 111,242 LATIN INDEX. 323 Hydrargyria acetatus 7 calcinatus « 4 muriatus 11, 12 » vitriolatus 3 Hydrosulphuretum ammonias 296 Hyoscyamus 26*0, 263 I. Ichthyocolla 118 Infusum arnicae 228 catechu 161 chamoemeli 201 cinchonas tjv , ] oft digitalis 87 gentianae 201 genistas 68, gi gratiolae fo • granatorum 164 ipecacuanhas 40 orchidis 121 juniperi ; 85, S6 picis t ... 86 raphani rusticani 228 rosae 160, 166 rhabarbari 60 sennae 59, 60 sinapeos 228 tamarindorum 61 tanaceti 103 trifolii fibrini 198 Valerianae 254 quassias \gg querci cort 1 6\5 Ipecacuanha 34, 35, 40, f)4, 10Q 242, 244 Injectio cam Cerussa acetata 167 cum Zinco vitriolato 16Y y 2 324 LATIN INDEX. J. Jalapiufti 42, 44, 55, 58, 276, 285 Juniperus 72, 74, 85, 86 Juglans 276, 287 K. Kali acetatum 72, SO, 135 . . . citratum 72, 80, 134, 136 . . . nitratum 73, 77, 86, 95, 9$> 104 . . . praeparatum 81, 99, 130, 134 . . . purum 134 . . . sulphuratum 95, 102, 135, 137, 138 . . . tartarisatum 43, 44, 59 . . . vitriolatura 43, 73, 74, 112 Kino 153, 154, 158 L. Lac ammoniaci 29 • . . amygdalae 121 Limatura ferri 1 89 Linimentum ammonia? 239 camph. comp 239, 259 opiatum 273 sapon. comp 239 Linum 118, 128 Lichen islandicus 118, 123, 170, 203 Liquor volatilis cornu cervi 104, 238 M. Magnesia alba * 42, 131 usta 42, 43, 131, 133 vitriolata 42, 60, 64, 67 Majorana 2 Manna 42, 57, 58, 6l Maranta 1 18, 122 LATIN INDEX. 325 jVI arum 1 Mastiche 4, 19 Mel acetatum 95, 105 Mentha piperitis 209 Mezereum 209, 230 Mistura camphorata 104, 107, 227, 253 cretacea 1 33 moschata .J 252 Moschus 208, 242, 248, 250, 252 Mucilago arabici gummi 119 cydoniorum 1 19 tragacanthae 1 19 Murias ammoniae. Vide Ammon. muriat. et ferri. Vide Ferr. Ammon. hydrarg. Vide Hydr. muriat. sodae. Vide Natron muriat. Myristica 209 Myrrha 20,22,110,113,171,183, 195, 196 N. Natron praeparatum ys j 75 131 phosphoratum 43 ^ . . muriatum 43, 69, 277, 282 tartarisatum 43 57 73 vitriolatum 43/ 64 Nicotiana 2, 3, 20, 26, 70, 72, 91, 243, 259, 260, 272, 276, 288 Nitras potassae. Vide Kali nitrat. Nitrum. Vide Kali nitratum. Nux moschata t 20Q O Oleum animate tt 055 ammoniatum . , . 039 amygdalae , 12 o •••••• <*nisi 213, 257 326 LATIN INDSX. camphoratum 239 cinnamomi . . t 219 ricini 42, 6l, 6'2 succini 255 terebinthinae 92/ 222 Opium 209, 220, 243, 260, 26l, 265, 266, 268, 272 Orchis 1 18, 121 Oxydum antimonii cum phosphate calcis. Vide Pulv. Antim. arsenici. Vide Arsenicum. Zinci. Vide Zincum calcinatum. impur. Vide Tutiam. Oxymel colchici 80 scillae 27, 28, 29, 79 P. Phosphas sodae. Vide Natron phosphoratum. Papaver . 1 28, 243, 260 Pilulse aloes 46, 48, 113 cum myrrha 113 ammoniareti cupri 1 86, 248 asaefoetidae comp 21 6, 247 galbani comp 2l6, 247 hydrargyri S opii -.v.- 26l rhab. comp 47 scillae 27, 74, 75 Pimento 208 Piper indicum \ r \ 20S .... longum 208, 223 nigrum 208, 215 Picis infusum So Pix burgundica 237 Potassa. Vide Kali. Potio carbonatis calcis. Vide Mist. Cre.t. Pulvis aloes cum canella 45 cum guaiaco r . r ,45 JLATIN INDEX. 327 Puivis aloes cum ferro 113 antimonialis 102 aromaticus 214 asari comp 2 carbonatis calcis comp 1 ;w cretae comp ' 13?, 155 cum opio 155 chelarum cancri comp 131 contrayervse comp 100 doveri 101 ipecacuanhas comp 100 jalapii comp 45 opiatus 201 scammonii comp 45 Pulvis scammonii cum calomelane 4 5 sennae comp 45 sulphatis aluminae comp 154* tragacanthae comp 119 Pyrethrum 4, 1 9 Q. Quassia 172, 199 Quercus 153, 1 54, 1()4, l65 R. Eaphanus rusticanus 210, 215, 228, 232 Rhabarbarum 42, 44, 47, 54, 55, 57, 6l, 63 Rhamnus. Vide Spin. Cerv. Rheum. Vide Rhabarbarum. Ricini oleum 42, 6l, 62 Rosa 153, lGO, 166 Rosmarinus 254 Rubia Ill Rubigo ferri ISp, 24S Rutas extractum .... : , . 24/ 328 LATIN INDEXc S. Sabina '." Hi, 112, 113, 115 Saga 118 Salcornu cervi 94, 104, 208, . . . succini 215, 223, 224- Salep 118, 121 Salix 172, 1 8 1 Salvia 153, l63 Sanguis draconis 153 Sapo 43, 47 Sarsaparilla 72, 108 Sassafras 95 Scammonium 42, 45, 49, 56 Scilla 20, 27, 28, 72, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 92 Seneka 20, 31, 95, 108 Senna 42, 57, 59, 60, 6l Serum sinapeos 232 aluminis 5 1 6l Serpentaria 210, 21S, 224, 230 Simaruba ,. 172, 201 Sinapis 110, 210, 22S, 232, 236 Solutio muriatis calcis 295 arsenici 290 hydrarg. muriat 12 zinci vitriolati 37 Sperma ceti US, 120 Spigelia 277, 278 Spina cervina 42, 62, 65 Spiritus /Etheris nitrosi 73, 79, 92, 95, 108 vitriolici comp 256 ammoniae 236, 257 comp. ;.. 236 foetid 236, 257 „ camphoratus 239 Spongia usta 289 LATIN INDEX. 32Q Stannum " .". 277, 281 Stramonium 260 Submurias hydrarg. Vide Calomel. Succus spissatus aconiti 9^ 97» 26l baccae sambuci 1 04- cicutae 254, 269, 26*4, 26'9 hyoscyami 26*3 Suffimenta acida 1*1 Sulphas aluminas. Vide Alumen. cupri. Vide Cuprum vitriolatum. ferri. Vide Ferrum vitriolatum. magnesiae. Vide Magn. vitriolat. potassae. Vide Kali vitriolatum. sodae. Vide Natron vitriolatum. zinci. Vide Zincum vitriolatum. Sulphur 296, 43, 58 antimonii prascipitatum 26, 97 Sulphuretum antimonii praecipitatum 26, 97 potassae. Vide Kali sulphuratum. Supertartris potassae. Vide Cryst. Tartari. Swietenia 172 Syrupus colchici 81 nicotianae 91 papav. alb 266 scillae 28 » spinae cervinae 62, 65 T. Tamarindus 42, 57, 6l, 67 Tanacetum 172, 198, 277, 281 Tartari crystalli 43, 44, 45, 58, 72, 84, 135 Tartris antimonii. Vide Antimonium tartarisatum. potassae. Vide Kali tartarisatum. et sodae. Vide Natron tartarisatum. Terebinthina 72, 77, 210, 217, 222 Tinctura aloes 63, 115 330 JLATIN INDEX. Tinctura aloes comp camphor?.? 23g cardamom, comp . 233 cantharidum 79, 233, 238 catechu l6Q \ . cascarillae 204 . castorei 256 colombae 204 cinchonae 204 cinnamom. comp 233 digitalis • 88, 270 ferri ammeniacalis 1 16* . , muriati 205 gentianae comp 204 guaiaci , . 3 OS ammoniata 10S hellebori nigri 115 jalapii 60 myrrhae - * 147, 105 muriatis ferri 205 opii 2(i5 camph 253 rhabarbari 63 sabinae comp 115 saponis 239 scillae 92 sennas 50, 6 1 serpentariae 224 succini • %$5 Tormentilla » *?4, ^ l Tragacantha 1 18, 121 Trochisci amyli 1*9 carbonatis calcis 133 ... c ... . cretse 133 glycynhizae HP magnesiae 133 LATIN INDEX. 331 Tutia 164 U. Ulmus ' 72, 91 Unguentum acetitis plumbi 140 calcis hydrargyri alba? 297 cerussae acetatce 140 hydrargyri .14 hellebori albi 296 oxyd. zinci impur 1 64 picis 296', 297 sulphuris 2<)6 tutiae 164 zinci vitriolati ,„ ]63 V. Valeriana ..221, 225, 240, 243, 245, 248, 251, 253, 254 Vapor sstheris 31 aceti 148 Vapores acidi , .151 Vinum aloes ^3 204 antimonii l03 ] 1Q4f tartarisati t jqi fern 195 ipecacuanhas g(j rhabarbari 204 tartritis antimonii 101 rubrum 230 Z. Zedoaria 210 Zincum calcinatum 163, 173, 187, 243, 248 •« vitriolatum 20, 27, 34, 35, 154, 158, 103, 165, 167, 170, 181, 196 Zinigiber 210, 213, 214, 218, 224 9 ENGLISH INDEX, A. Ablution, cold page 151 Air. See Gas. Acid nitric 4, IS, 140, 151, 172 .... oxymuriatic 151 sulphuric 141, 142, 147, 204 muriatic 140, 147, 151, 172 vitriolic 141, 142, 147, 204 Aconite 94, 96, 10.9, 260, 270 jEther, 21, 31, 210, 223, 242, 252, 256 Almond oil 120 milk 121 Aloes, pills with 46, 48, 113 powder with 45^ 113 tincture of .63, 115, 1 16 ...... vinous infusion of 63 9 204 Alum 142, 154, 156, 157, 160, l6l, l65, 172, 192 cataplasm 139 whey l6l Amber, oil of 255 salt of 215, 223, 224 tincture of 255 Ammonia, muriated 139, 193 prepared 94, 130, 208, 218, 221, 242 spirit of 236, 257 compound 236 foetid 236, 257 water of 130, 134, 150, 236 Ammoniacum 334 ENGLISH INDEX. Angustura-bark T. . . . 171, 182 Animal oil 255 Aniseed, oil of 213, 257 Antimonial powder . . 99, 102 Antimony, calcined, 99 precipitated sulphur- of 26, 97 tartarised 34-, 36, 6*4, 101, 102 vinous solution of 101, 104 Arabic gum 1 IS, 121 Argill, vitriolated. See Alum. Arnica ' 171, 208, 213, 221 Aromatic confection 220 fomentation 239 Arsenic 172 Arum 20S, 212, 220, 232 Asafcetida 20, 30, 208, 215, 2l6, 24-2, 247, 258 Asarabacca 1, 2 B. Balaustines, see Pomegranate. Balsam of copaiva 208, 235 Balsam of Peru 208, 225 Bark, Peruvian. See Cinchona. Barley, decoction of 122 compound 122 Bath, cold 173 hot , 210 vapour 210 Bath waters 210 Bitter slveet. See Dulcamara. Bistort 153 Elisterin- '237 Bristol watei 131 Broom tops decoction of •. . (>S Bryony ........... >...-. .... 4- 1, 56 Buck-bean, infusion of . ,\ ...... c , i-.-V. 19$ ENGLISH INDEX. 335 Buck-thorn, syrup of 42, 62, 6S Burgundy pitch, plaster of 237 Buxton waters 210 C. Cabbage-bark tree. See Geoffraea. Calomel 6, 43, 44, 45, 52, 53, 55, 24/ Camphor 94, 102, 107, 141, 144,. 150, 218, 219, 239, 242, 248, 251, 253, 259 Camphorated oil 239 spirit 239 Campeachy wood. See Logwood. Cantharides. See Spanish Fly. Capsicum 209, 211 Cardamine 242, 245 Cardamom, tincture of 233 Carraway 209, 212 Cascarilla 170, 180, 209, 204, 213 Cassia t . . 41, 59 Castor. Castor oil. See Ricinus. Catechu 153, 157, 160, l6l Cerusse, acetated 136, 140, 154, 155 Chalk 131, 182, 183 Chamomile 142, 149, 170, 183, 192, 193 Cinchona. Cinnamon 209, 214, 219, 133 Cloves 209, 180 Colchicum. See Meadow saffron. Colocynth, extract of * 49, 70 Coltsfoot, decoction with , . . . . 123 Columbo 171, 1S3, 204 Confection, aromatic 220 opiate 2:0 Contrayerva. Copaiva, balsam of 208, 205 336 ENGLISH INDEX. Copper, ammoniated 172 vitriolated W* W Cowitch, electuary with 284 Crabs-claws 130, 131, 201 Cuckoo-flower. See Cardamine. Cummin piaster 23 7 D. Dandelion, decoction of °* Dulcamara 72, 89 E. Elder bark, decoction of 16*8 berry, inspissated juice of 104 Electricity 210, 243 Elm bark, decoction of 91 Ens veneris. See Iron ammoniacal. F. Fern, male, powder of 277 Fox-glove, infusion of 8 7 tincture of 88, 270 Fumigation • I 41 G. Galbanum, pills with 2l6, 247 Galvanism. Gas, carbonic acid 142 .... hydrogen 21,31 carbonated 21, 31 oxygen 173 Galls, ointment with 16 4, Gamboge 42, 53, 72, 77, 2?6, 285 ENGLISH INDEX. 337 Garlic 20, 209, 240, 276' Gentian 171, lpl, W, 1£5, 201, 201, 205 GeorTraea-bark, decoction of 286 Ginger 210, 213, 214, 218, 224 Gratiola. See Hedge hyssop. Guaiacum 94, 98, 102, 106, 108, 209, 2l6, 233 Guinea pepper 209, 21 1 Gum ammoniacum. See Ammoniacum. .... arabic. See Arabic gum. .... kino. See Kino. tragacanth. See Tragacanth. H. Hartshorn, decoction of 112 liquor of 104, 238 salt of 94, 104, 208 Hedge hyssop, infusion of 65 Hellebore, black, decoction 6y extract of 54 tincture of 115 white, decoction of 296 ointment of 296 Hemlock, inspissated juice 263, 26'4 cataplasm 272 fomentation 1 50, U.72 plaster 273 Henbane, inspissated juice 26(), 263 plaster 273 Hepatised ammonia 296 Herb-mastich 1 Hcney, acetated 9$> 105 Horseradish 210, 215, 228, 232 Hydrosulphuret of ammonia 296 338 ENGLISH INDEX!. J and I. Jalap . . . . 42, 44, 55, 58, 276, 285 Japan-earth. See Catechu. Iceland liverwort 118, 123, 170, 203 Indian or Carolina pink- root 277, 27 S Ipecacuanha 34, 35, 40, 94, 100, 242, 244 Iron, ammoniacal 113, 184, 192, 193, 218 Juniper-berry 74, 35, So K. Kali, acetated 72, 80, 135 citrated 72,. 80, 134, 136 nitrated 73, 77, 86, 95, 98, 101, 135 prepared 81, 99, 130, 134 , sulphurated 95, 102 . tartarised 43, 44, 59, 112 , vitriolated 43, 73, 74, 112 Kino J • 153, 154, 15tt L. Labdanum plaster LeopardVbane 171, 208, 213, 221, Lime water ..131, Litharge, acetated • Linseed Liquorice 1 18, 1 19, Liverwort, Iceland 118, 123, 170, Logwood, extract of • 237 229 133 135 128 123 203 159 M. Madder nl Magnesia 42, 43, 131, 133 ....... vitriolated 42, 60, 64, 67 ENGLISH INDEX. 33C) Male fern 276, 277 Manna 42, 57, 58, 6| Marum 1 Marsh trefoil. See Buck-bean. Mastich, herb * Meadow saffron 72, SO, 81 Mercury. See Quicksilver. Mezereon 209, 230 Musk 208, 242; 248, 250, 252 Mustard HO, 210, 228, 232, 236 Myrrh 20, 22, 110, 113, 171, 183, 193, 19$ N. Natron, muriated 43, 69, 277, 282 prepared 73, 7 :>, 131 tartarised 43, 57, 73 phosphorated 43, 64 vitriolated 43, 64 Nightshade. See Dulcamara. Nitrous aether, spirit of 73, 79, 92, 95, 103 O. Oak bark 154, 164, ifo Opium 209, 220, 243, 26'0, 26l, 265, 266, 26S, 272 Orange-leaves 245, 25.5 Orchis-root 118, 121 P. Pellitory 4, 19 Pepper, Guinea 20S long '. 20S white 20S Peru, balsam . . . 208, 225 Peruvian bark. See Cinchona. 7. 2 340 ENGLISH INDEX. Pink-root, Carolina 277, 2?S Pitch plaster 237 Pomegranate 153, 157, l6l, 164 Poppy 128, 2*3, 260 Port wine 146, 230 Q. Qnassy 172, 199 Quicksilver, acetated 7 calcined 4 purified 4, 8, 11, 14, 77. 1 1 1, 242 muriated 11, 12 ... muriated (mild.) See Calomel. vitriolated 3 white calx of 297 Quince-seed, mucilage of ,..119 R. Rattlesnake-root. See Seneka. Rhubarb 42, 44, 47, 54, 55 y 57, 6l, 63 Ricinus, oil of 42, 6l, 62 Eose 153, 160, 166 Rosemary 254 Rue 247 S. Sage 153, l6'3 Salep * US, 121 Sarsaparilla 72, 108 Sassafras 9^ Savin HI, 112, 113, 115 Scaxnmony 42, 45, 49, 56 Seneka 20, 31, 95, 10S Senna 42, 57 , 59, 60, 6l Simarouba ^ 172, 201 ENGLISH INDEX. 341 Snake-root, Virginia 210, 218, 224-, 330 Soap, liniment 239 Southern- wood 141 Spanreh Fly 7h '< *> 79, 208, 218, 233, 237, 238, 242, 259 Spigelin. See Pink-root. Spermaceti. Sponge, burnt 289 Squill .. ..20, 27, 28, 72, 74, 75, 77> 78, 79, 80, 82, 92 Starch 118, 129, l6'6' Steaming the throat B 148 Steel- tilings 1 89 Sulphur 43, 58, 296 T. Tamarinds 42, 57, 6*1, 67 Tansy 172, 198, 277, 281 Tar 86, 237, 297 Tartar, crystals of 43, 44, 45, 58, 72, 84, 135 Tin 277, 281 Tobacco 2, 3, 10, 26, 70, 72, 91, 243, 259, 26*0, 272, 276, 28S Tormentil 154^ 161 Tragacanth 118 121 Trefoil, marsh. See Buck-bean. Turpentine 72, 77, 210, 217, 222 Tutty ointment 164, V. Valerian 221, 225, 240, 243, 245,248, 251, 253, 254 Vapour bath 210 Vinegar 135, 138, 139, HI, 149 Virginia snake-root. See Snake-root. W. Walnut drops , 287 342 ENGLISH INDEX. Water . .777. , 135, 136, 141, 15; Wax emulsion 1 20 Willow bark 172, 181 Wine 146, 230 Wormwood 141, 17 1, 132 Wolf's bane. See Aconite. Z. Zinc, calcined 163, 173, 187, 243, 248 vitriolated 20, 27, 34, 35, 154, 158, 163, 165, 167, 170, 181, 1S»5 TABLE CLASSES, GLASS I, Evacuants A. Errhines B. Sialagogues C. Expectorants c D. Emetics E. Cathartics F. Diuretics G. Diaphoretics . . . . H. Emmenagogues . CLASS II. Emollients A. Diluents B. Demulcents CLASS III. Absorbents CLASS IV. Refrigerants . . , CLASS V. Antiseptics CLASS VI. Astringents . . . CLASS VII. Tonics ...... CLASS VIII. Stimulants . . . CLASS IX. Antispasmodics CLASS X. Narcotics CLASS XI. Anthelmintics CLASS XII. Hetcrochtes ,. page 1 ib, 4 20 32 41 71 93 110 H7 117 1 is 130 135 140 152 171 208 242 260 276 269 ABBREVIATIONS EXPLAINED. Disp. Fuld. Dispensatorium Fuldense. Ed. Hosp. Edinburgh Hospital — its pharmacopoeia. Ed. Ph. Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia. Fox's Form. Fox's Formulae Medicamcntorum. Guy's Hosp. Guy's Hospital — its pharmacopoeia. L. Ph. London Pharmacopoeia. Lew. D. Lewis's Dispensatory. Pharm. Boruss. C. Pharmacopoeia Borussica castrcnsis. Pharm. Genev. Pharmacopoeia Genevensis. Pharm. Hamb. Pharmacopoeia Hamburgensis. Ph. Suec. Pharmacopoeia Suecica. Reuss Disp. Reuss Dispensatorium Universale. St. Barthol. Hosp. St. Bartholomew's Hospital — its pharmacopoeia. St. Thos. Hosp. St. Thomas's Hospital— its pharma- copoeia. THE END. C. and R. Baldwin, Printers, New flridg«-street, London. Of the Publishers of this Volume may he had, laiehj prmttJ in Svo. A PRACTICAL SYNOPSIS OF THE MATERIA ALIMENTARIA, AND MATERIA MEDICA, By the Author of THESAURUS MEDICAMINUM, Vol. I. pice 6s. in Boards. Fart I. of Vol. II. price 3s, 6d. ** # The first Volume of this Work contains an Account of Alimentary Substances, together with the first Class of the Materia Ivledica, viz. Evacuants. Part I. of the second Vol. contains, Class l 2, Emollients; Class 3, Ab- sorbents; Class 4, Refrigerants; Class 5, Antiseptics; Class 6, Astringents; Class J, Tonics. The Second Part of Vol. II. (which will contain the remaining five Classes) is preparing for the Press,, and will complete the Work. ■mm i -