Architwi 360 The University of California Magazine. DEFEAT AND I FARED FORTH. [This poem won the graduate verse prize of ten dollars.] Defeat and I fared forth. Anon he smote me sore. Going, I turned to gaze on home and household gods once more, And this and this I craved, and caught, with many a tear, Within my arms. Defeat said, "Leave them here." My friends ! My face lit up unwilled at sight of each ; Kind deeds and warmer words came back ; but now no speech Revoiced my hail. Each saw my guide and turned away. These looks askance outstung Defeat's red scourge that day. But bitterer still the jibes and taunts Defeat ne'er ceased To heap on me ; their truth their hurt ten-fold increased. This brutal torturer speak truth ? set me aright ? My friend ? I hated him the more let him still smite ! What time I brooding roved I looked not on Defeat. The leering eyes, scorn-shot, mine eyes cared not to meet, Till, one fair cherished day, the harsh tones smoothed. I took His words to heart and wept, then turned on him to look. The face was like the voice ; the sombre garb above, It rose in lines severe but fine ; the eyes, all love, Met mine. "Thou'rt not Defeat !" I cried. "Have thy way, child ; It may be thou hast met vSuccess," he answered, mild. C. H. HARWOOD. HRIST7UVMS NUMBER, 1599 Vol. XII, No. 1 Lavishly / O - BENJ. IDE WHEELER JOAQUIIM MILLER CHAS. WARREN STODDARD, ETC. Illustrated L05PAI5E5 DEL SOL D1LATAN EL ALMA' THE LAN THE MAGAZINE OF CAUFORNIA AND THE WEST EDITED BY CHAS.F LUMMIS. CONSTANT READER.' CENTS A COPY LAND OF SUNSHINE PUBLISHING CO., Incorporated 121 J^ South Broadway, Los Angeles $1 A YEAR ^ hen answering advertisements, please mention that you " saw it in the LAND OF SUNSHIU Greatest Gift to women Universally used, because they are si >plest, most effective, and best con- structed Sold on Instalments. Liberal Allowance for Old Machines in Exchange. Cbe Singer manufacturing Co. K4 Braces the nerves, builds up the blood, strengthens everyway Abbott's, the Original Angostura Bitters. r. M. Davis Eug. Co. BENJAMIN IDE WHEELER, The new President of the University of California. THE LAND OF SUNSHINE VOL. 12, No. 1. LOS ANGELES DECEMBER, 1899. RRVERY. BY CHARLES WARREN STODDARD. In a sea-garden where the winds were still My bonnie boat a cradle rocked at will] And shining ripples chasing me in play I heard the reef moan faintly, far away ; I saw a bird sail o'er on wing of snow Across the wave her shadow swam below ; I saw the palms that fringed the lovely land And glowing breadths of golden sea-washed sand ; I watched the fish that sported in my sight Through the sea-tresses, waving, dark and bright ; Long ropes of grass and flowers that lay asleep On the hushed bosom of the slumbering deep ; O, Happy Heart ! O, Idle Hours ! O, wan And filmy cloud that ever lured me on O'er shimmering sea to hyacinthine sky ! Yet in my bark what precious freight bore I ? Behold the harvest reaped from sea and shore : Some withered grass or the dead flowers it bore ; A^handful of white dust, and nothing more. i, D. C. Copyright 1899 by Land of Sunshine Pub. Co THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AND ITS FUTURE. BY PRESIDENT BENJAMIN IDE WHEELER. HAVE been ten days in California and nine days in the president's office of its Univer- sity, and every day has added to my admi- ration of the institution and enhanced the wonder I feel before its inner power and its ^~~~->> .;>:/! unmeasured opportunity. I accepted the presidency without knowing the half. It stands by the gates of that sea upon which the twentieth century is to see the supreme conflict between the two great world-halves. It is set to be the intellectual repre- sentative of the front rank of occidentalism, the rank that will lead the charge or bear the shock. In the Old-World struggle between East and West, the ^gean was the arena and occi- dentalism militant faced east, orientalism west ; in the new struggle occidentalism faces west, orientalism east. The arena is the Pacific. The old struggle made Constantinople the seat of cosmopolitanism ; San Francisco is appointed by the fates of geography to be the cosmopolis of the next era. All this one could know and foresee without setting foot in the land of sunshine ; but until one has felt the life and 'power there is pent up in the University of California one does not know how far California has advanced toward preparation for her task. For years the University has gone on in quiet develop- ment. Foundations have been laid strong and sure. Devoted lives have built themselves solidly into its walls. Less effort has been spent on tower and minaret to catch the eye of the far world than on the substantial construction of wall and buttress. Square and plummet have been faithfully used. Every day as one studies the structure one marks the traces of wise fore- thought and consecrated patience. Many have been the hands of faithful builders, but the wise prudence of President Kellogg has built with a soundness which commands, as I am daily coming to appreciate it more and more, my sincerest admiration. He has brought the forces of the inner university into unity and cooperation and laid this solid foundation upon which the university of the future will build. It is the only sure foundation upon which any university life can build. The possibilities of work opening before the University and the obligations of service to the State and the nation exceed in their far-reaching importance those which are involved in the mission of any other American university. Its relation to the schools of the State through the accrediting system indi- cates a peculiar responsibility, and one which must be exer- cised, in order to be effective, in a spirit of the largest wisdom C. M. Davis Eng. Co. THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. Photo, by 0. V. Langc. THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 7 and of fullest sympathy with the work and mission of the secondary schools. The College of Commerce just founded represents a field of activity in which the State can be bene- fited most directly and in most timely fashion. If properly developed, it will provide men suited to the opening need of a nation that is suddenly awakening to find itself an exporting rather than an importing country, and that is soon to be before the world a creditor nation instead of a debtor. This school will collect, collate, and teach information regarding the con- ditions and demands of international commerce, the state of markets, the methods of trade. It will provide the commer- cial missionaries, trade agents, and consuls of the next gener- ation. The existing departments must be fostered and developed. Among them are included some that rank already with the best in the country. New departments cannot be established to the detriment or hindrance of what already exists. The department of agriculture is already highly efficient and under superb leadership. California will justly demand that noth- ing be spared in the development of this work. Especially in relation to the culture of fruit-trees (pomology) and horticul- ture, provision for extension of the work must be provided. A department of forestry ought to be established at the first op- portunity. What does California need more for its naked hills and its thirsty brook-beds? What does the whole Western slope of the continent need more for its desert stretches ? Ultimately this must be a problem for the natiorial govern- ment to deal with, but California must lead and point the way. A harbor that produced the "Oregon ' ' deserves to have by its side a school of naval and marine engineering. Some large- minded citizen of California will yet arise to see this opportu- nity and provide for its satisfaction. We cannot look to the State for everything ; we must not. Private wealth can find no surer way for large public usefulness than in such endow- ments at the University of California. It will be a healthy state of things when every Californian who writes his wiil remembers to insert a clause making the University his benefi - ciary either for small or great a thousand dollars for a schol- arship or a special book-fund, ten thousand dollars for a lec- tureship, seventy-five thousand for a professorship, two hun- dred thousand for a department. The new plan for buildings, which Mrs. Hearst's far-seeing wisdom and generosity have provided, offers every variety ol opportunity for the consecration of wealth to noble public use. By no device known to man can wealth be established in such abiding form and monument as when delivered to the keeping of a great university whose life spans the generations ; by no device is it assured a nobler use. Among all the manifold THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 9 needs of the University none ranks above the need for a great library. The isolation of the Pacific Coast from the centers where thus far the world's history has made the great deposits of the world's accumulated experience and lore makes peculiar and emphatic demand that here be established a New World's great Alexandrine Museum. The present library is utterly inadequate to the uses of the University. If we are to attract and hold here the ablest scholars, we must give them tools and material to work with. First there must be a fire-proof library building capable of indefinite extension for the storage of classified treasures of books. Without this we cannot ask men to give funds for the purchase of books. Then we want book-funds. A university-class or an individual can give to the University for the purchase of books either on a specified subject or without specification a fund small or great. The in- come of this will be expended each year in perpetuity, and the donor's book-plate will appear as recognition in the books thus purchased. Reckoning the average cost of a book at two dol- lars, a gift of $1000 will put twenty-five books into the library each year while time and order last. This is an illustration of what university endowments mean. The needs and openings I have mentioned are only samples. The appeal which this University today makes to the loyalty and generosity of its State, is such an one as no opportunity for the uplifting of man and society has ever made since the light began to shine abroad. Berkeley, Octobtr 9, 1899. THE UNIVERSITY ITS PAST AND PRESENT. BY PROF. ELMER ELLSWORTH BROWN. University has, in fact, had three origins. The first is the grant of lands from the national government the seminary grant of two townships in 1853, and the still more important allotment of 150,000 acres under the Morrill act of 1862. The second origin is found in the old College of California, incorporated in 1855 and formally opened in 1860. This was an old-line, undenominational, Christian college. It was founded and carried on with that whole-hearted devotion to higher education, in the face of overwhelming discourage- ments, which has made the history of American colleges heroic. Its career was crowned with an act of institutional self-sacrifice, such as has rarely been seen. A bill had been passed by the State legislature in 1866, devoting the Federal land grants to the support of a narrow polytechnic school. The trustees of the College proposed in 1867 to turn over to 10 LAND OF SUNSHINE. the State the valuable lands which they had secured at Berke- ley, opposite the Golden Gate, together With all other assets of the College remaining after its debts were paid, provided the State would build upon the proffered site a University of California, to include permanently both classical and technical colleges. They agreed that when this should have been done, the College would disincorporate. The third origin of the University is found in the organic act by which it was finally established. This act was prepared by one of the trustees of the College of California. It was passed by the legislature in March, 1868, and was approved by the governor on the twenty -third of that month. After some slight modifications, it was put beyond the reach of more legislative amendment by being re-affirmed in its entirety in the new State Constitution of 1879. The charter established the University distinctly as an in- C. M. Davis Eog. Co LOOKING WEST FROM THE UNIVERSITY. Photo by 0. V. Lange. Mt. Tamalpais in the distance. stitution of the State, and made it possible for this institution to become one of the chief centers of civic interest and pride. It provided a system of administration which tended to pre- vent the University from becoming in any narrow sense a rep- resentative of the State government : which made it instead a real educational representative of the State as a whole. Full control was intrusted to a Board of Regents, twenty-three in number. The chief State officials are ex-ojficio members of this board, as are also the presidents of the State Agricultural Society and of the Mechanics' Institute. The remaining six- teen members are appointed by the governor, with the con- currence of the State Senate. Their terms are sixteen years in length, and two are appointed every second year. These provisions are of the greatest practical importance ; they bind the University firmly to the governmental system of the State, but at the same time guard it against abrupt change with each C. M. Davis Eng. Co. GOLD MILL, COLLEGE OF MINING. Photo, by 0. V. Lange. 8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. change of the party in power. The ar- rangement is favor- able to real freedom and responsibility. The endeavor is made continually to avoid any thing like isolation from the vital interests of the State. This appears, for example, in the effort on the part of the College of Agri- culture to keep in close touch with the farmers and orchardists of the State, through pub- lications, corres- pon de n ce, and farmers' institutes ; in the courses of university exten- sion lectures and other public ad- dresses which are given by University men in all parts of the State ; in the close connection maintained be- tween the Univer- sity and other por- tions of the State educational system ; in the inspection and accrediting of high schools, and in the preparation of teachers for such schools. In the inspection of high schools, the University is not seeking primarily to secure students for itself, but rather to build up strong schools. The University as now constituted consists of Colleges of lyet- ters, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Agriculture, Mechan- ics, Mining, Civil Engineering, Chemistry, and Commerce, located at Berkeley ; the Lick Astronomical Department at Mt. Hamilton ; and the professional colleges in San Francisco, C. M. Davis En GENERAL GROUND PLAN. E. Benard, Archt. THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. C. M. Davis Eng. Co. Photo, by 0. V. Lange. MACHINE SHOP, COLLEGE; OF MECHANICS. namely, the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art, the Hastings Col- lege of Law, the Medical Department, the Post-graduate Medi- -C. M. Davis Eng Co. ROOM IN PHYSICAL LABORATORY. photo b y - v - 16 LAND OF SUNSHINE. cal Department, the Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, and the Veterinary Department. One of the earlier legislative schemes for the University, in- troduced in 1858, proposed to unite under a Board of Regents " all the colleges then established and thereafter to be estab- lished in the State, with whatever faculties they might have, and wheresoever situated " a plan probably suggested by the University of the State of New York. The charter finally adopted for the University was not so comprehensive. Yet it made liberal terms for the affiliation of suitable educational institutions. Under these provisions the schools of art and the professions in San Francisco have entered into the affili- ated relation, as appears above. A few years ago the Regents, because of their reputation for sound management, were made trustees of a fund for the establishment of a trade school. The Wilmerding School has been established in San Fran- cisco under their direction, in accordance with the terms of this bequest. The State has provided, in San Francisco, a new building costing $250,000, in which the several professional schools are to be brought together. Ample and attractive quarters are thus provided for all of the affiliated colleges, excepting the Insti- tute of Art, which is housed in the fine residence built and oc- cupied for a time by the late Mark Hopkins. These profes- sional schools are making notable advance in their equipment, their instruction, and their requirements for admission and graduation. The Medical Department enforces an entrance requirement equivalent to that in the colleges of general cul- ture, and a full four-years' course for graduation. The Lick Observatory at Mt. Hamilton is an integral part of the University and sustains a very close relationship with the De- partment of Astronomy at Berkeley. In addition to the su- perior equipment provided for this Observatory by the bequest of James Lick, including the great 36-inch equatorial, numer- ous gifts of valuable pieces of apparatus have been received from time to time. Chief among these is the three-foot reflect- ing telescope presented by Edward Crossley, Esq., of Halifax, England. On the noble site provided for the colleges at Berkeley, there have been erected from time to time such buildings as were imperatively needed. There are now thirteen of these, some of them substantially built of brick, but the most of them temporary wooden structures. Yet unsightly and inadequate as the present buildings may be, they house collections and equipment of great value. The University library contains not far from 80,000 volumes, selected with great care. Stu- dents have direct access to the shelves, and the actual daily use which is made of the books is astonishing. THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA I? In the library buildings there are the beginnings of a collec- tion of paintings, including some works of considerable value. The general museum is especially rich in collections of Cali- fornia minerals, fossils, birds, and shells, and of ethnological specimens. Many valuable additions have recently been made to the zoological collections. The Agricultural Department has extensive collections of seeds, beetles, and specimens of soils. The several engineering departments have valuable col- lections of machine and other models. The botanical collec- tions include, in the phaenogamic herbarium, about twenty- five thousand sheets of mounted specimens, and in the crypto- gamic herbarium over four thousand sheets, besides important collections of native woods and cones. There are valuable collections of mathematical models, of coins and medals, of photographs illustrative of classical archaeology. These things may be found described in detail in various University publications. But this brief reference to some of the more valuable collections may serve to show that promising begin- nings have been made. It would require an extended notice, too, to give any ade- quate account of the various University laboratories; but the general remark should be made that, owing to the great care exercised in the making of purchases and in the keeping up of repairs, there is a surprisingly low percentage of waste observ- able in them, and a correspondingly high degree of practical usefulness is secured. The physical, chemical, botanical, zo- ological, minera logical, and various agricultural laboratories are well equipped for both under-graduate work and advanced research. The students' observatory at Berkeley leads up to and supplements the work of the I^ick Observatory at Mt. Hamilton. It is equipped with seismographs and instruments for meteorological observations. All of the technical colleges are well supplied with laboratory facilities. Special mention should be made of the extensive provision which has been made for experiment and demonstration in mining, mechanical and electrical engineering. The new psychological laboratory- is admirably housed and equipped, and proves a very valuable addition. There are botanical gardens and a well stocked conservatory on the grounds at Berkeley. Here, too, is the central agricultural experiment station, which is supplemented by four sub-stations, two forestry stations, and a viticultural station, in various parts of the State. The courses in the several colleges of general culture lead to different degrees A. B. in the College of Letters, B. L,. in that of Social Sciences, B. S. in that of Natural Sciences. The course leading to any one of these degrees consists of 125 semester units of instruction, of which 65 units are prescribed including various options 30 units are group-elective, and C. M. Davis Eng. Co ROCK DRIVING. COLLEGE OF MINING. LAND OF SUNSHINE. 30 units are free- elective. The group system is now firmly established. It assures the student the command of a fairly large range of closely related knowledge, and also makes pos- sible a considerable advance into the higher methods of the subject elected. The great expansion of graduate work in the past few years has been accompanied with a stiffening of the requirements for higher degrees. For the degree of Ph. D. in particular, the requirements are severe and are strictly enforced. The Engineers' degrees in the technical colleges rest upon require- ments substantially equivalent to those for the degree of Ph. B. The value of the property belonging to the University on the first of July, 1899, was estimated at a little over $4,426, - coo, and the several endowment funds at the same time amounted to something more than $2,843,000; a total 4 ' plant ' ' and endowment of over seven and one-quarter mil- lions. These figures include the property and endowment of the affiliated colleges and of the Wilmerding school. The total income for the year ending June 30, 1899, was, in the general fund $364,940.45 ; and in special funds, $127,715.86 a total of $492,656.31. This includes the sum of $220,- 090.64 raised by the permanent tax of two cents on each one hundred dollars of assessed valuation in the State ; and the sum of $26,564.56 the income for the year from the Wilmerd- ing fund. It does not include the income of the affiliated col- leges. A highly significant point in the history of the University was the unanimous passage by the legislature, in 1897, of a bill doubling the permanent tax for the University, which had up to that time been only one cent on the hundred dol- lars. This institution has been conspicuous among the State universities of the country for the number and value of the gifts which it has received from private individuals. Promi- nent among these should be mentioned the bequest of $700,- ooo left by James Lick for the establishment of the Lick Ob- servatory ; the gift of $75,000 from Mr. D. O. Mills, for the endowment of the Mills professorship of intellectual and moral philosophy and civil polity ; the bequest of Michael Reese, $50,000 for a library fund ; the gift of a tract of land by Hon. Edward Tompkins for the endowment of a chair of Oriental languages and literatures ; the gift of a fine estate and divi- dend-bearing stocks to the value of three-quarters of a million dollars from Miss Cora Jane Flood ; and numerous scholarships, provided by Mr. Levi Strauss, Mrs. Phebe Hearst, and others. This list is far from being exhaustive. The extremely liberal provision made by Mrs. Hearst for the recent architectural THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 21 competition, and her promise to erect valuable buildings as soon as plans shall have been finally adopted by the Regents, are matters of such general interest and information at this time as to call for no extended mention here. The athletic interests of the University serve as its first introduction to many who afterward come to know and care for others of its varied activities. Clean sport is the ideal to which these athletes have held with great fidelity. The athletic team which went out from Berkeley in 1895 to make a tour of the leading Eastern colleges, set a high standard for both gentlemanly behavior and the winning of events ; and these things have come to have a fixed place in the University traditions. The military side of University life is maintained on a high plane under officers assigned to this duty by the general government. Our young collegians were prompt to respond to the call for troops in 1898. They rendered intelli- gent and courageous service. And three of them gave their lives to the cause. The student body at Berkeley in the year 1898-99 numbered 1716, of whom 953 were men and 763 women. 194 of these were graduate students. Including the number at Mt. Hamilton and in the professional colleges in San Francisco, the total University enrollment for the year was 2438, of whom 908 were women. Within the first few weeks of the current academic year, the registration of students at Berkeley has sur- passed that for the whole of the year preceding, which makes it altogether likely that the total enrollment at Berkeley for the year will reach at least 1900. Connected with the University in all of its departments are 118 officers of administration, and 365 officers of instruction and research ; 149 of the latter number being employed in the colleges at Berkeley. In the attempt to give some hint of the general spirit and purpose which makes the University of Cali- fornia itself and not another, it must not be forgotten that the men who have taught here during the generation that the University has been in existence have more than all things else determined the character of the institution. Among these, a goodly number marked by high scholarship, great moral force, and world wide reputation, have given to the University standards and traditions which must be reckoned among the choicest of its endowments. Berkeley, Cal. 22 A PAINTER or OLD CALIFORNIA ALEX. F. HARMER AND HIS WORK. more with HETHER by shrewd deliberation or by natu- ral gravitation, Alex. F. Harmer has made a field peculiarly his own. No other painter has given so much attention to the California of the old times and, for that matter, no other painter knows the subject one-half so well. The plausible suggestion that a great Master might have done still the marvelous art material of our Southwestern C. M. Divis Eng. Co HARMER IN HIS STUDIO. border is after all impertinent ; for the great Masters have not cared to risk their skins where Mr. Harmer learned his ma- terial. Nor is this invidious to Mr. Harmer. The fact that he has led an uncommon life and has taken his higher education in art where few artists would dare go, does not by any means indicate that his work needs such apology. The simple fact is that it vastly enhances the value of his art. To his technical skill, which is, within certain limitations, far from ordinary, it adds the rare distinction of accuracy beyond that of anyone NON-CIRCULATING BOOK 763460 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY