TEMPERANCE i 0! 0! 6i 8' 5 i 2 3 8 IN THE IMERICAN CONGRESS. ADDRESSES BY SCHUYLER COLFAX, HON. HENRY WILSON, HON. RICHARD YATES, HON. WILLIAM E. DODGE, HON. HIRAM PRICE, HON. SAMUEL McKEE, Hox. F. E. WOODBRIDGE, HOK. J. B. GRIXNELL, HON. J. W. PATTERSON, DELIVERED ON THE OCCASION OP THE irst Staetinn of the feWgrcsstottal * C HELD IX THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, February 17th, 1867, \YITH A LIST OF PLEIi.iKI) MEMBERS. J . #4 REPORTED BY JAMES L. AND EM, PHONOQRAPHER. NEW YORK : SAMUEL R. WELLS, PUBLISHER, No. 38 a BROADWAY. 1867. LIBRARY TEMPERANCE IX IN THE ADDRESSES BY HON. SCHUYLER COLFAX, HON. HENRY WILSON, HON. RICHARD YATES, HON. WILLIAM E. DODGE, HON. HIRAM PRICE, HON. SAMUEL McKEE, HON. F. E. WOODBRIDGE, HON. J. B. GRINNELL, HON. J. W. PATTERSON, DELIVERED ON THE OCCASION OF THE irat eef htg of tlje Songressimral Semperance HELD IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, February 17th, 1867, WITH A LIST OF PLEDGED MEMBERS. REPORTED BY JAMES L. ANDEM, PHONOGRAPHER. NEW YORK : SAMUEL R. WELLS, PUBLISHER, No. 389 BROADWAY. 1867. WASHINGTON, D. C., February 13, 18C7. DEAR SHI: Yon and your family arc respectfully invited to be present at a Congressional Temperance Meeting, to be held in tbe Hall of the House of Representatives, on Sunday evening, the 17th instant, at seven o'clock, to encourage, by your presence ; the effort to stay the progress of the tide of intemperance which is now desolating the land. The people are looking to Congress to give their powerful influence in aid of an object of such vital interest to onr entire conutfy. If not disposed to unite with the Society, it is most desirable that you give it the influence of your presence. S. COLFAX, RICHARD YATES, / S. C. POMEROY, \ EXECUTIVE J. W. PATTERSON, f COMMITTEE. W. E. DODGE, THE LONG before the hour announced for the opening of the meeting, the spacious galleries of the Representative Cham- ber were filled to their utmost capacity, in response to the call of the Executive Committee, by citizens of Washington and sojourners from different States and Territories of the Union, and by seven o'clock the reserved seats on the floor of the Hall were all taken by Senators, Representatives, and their families. Hundreds of persons were obliged to turn away, not being able to find even standing-room within sound of the speakers' voices. Soon after seven o'clock, the meeting was called to order by the Chairman, Hon. HENRY WILSON, of Massachusetts. Prayer was offered by Rev. Mr. ORCUTT, of New Jersey. Alter which the Chairman addressed the meeting as fol- lows: ADDRESS OF HON. HENRY WILSON, Of Massachusetts. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN Several members of the Senate and House of Representatives, mindful of the measureless evils and sorrows of intemperance, have formed a society, in which we have pledged each to the other, and all to country nnd to God, to put from us forever the fatal cup of intoxica- tion. [Applause.] On this holy Sabbath evening the Society 4 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. has summoned members of Congress, temperance organiza- tions, and the people of the national capital, to meet in this chamber of the representatives of the people, publicly to commit ourselves, to the full extent of all we are and all we hope to be, to the hallowed cause of Temperance. In the name of the Society, I bid welcome here to-night to these members of Congress, these societies, and this people that crowd this chamber and throng these galleries. I bid you, one and all, welcome on this occasion, which we humbly trust, in the providence of Almighty God, will contribute something toward arresting the multitudinous evils of drunkenness that in this age are sweeping over the land. [Applause.] The great work upon which this Society has entered is a personal reform a social wai'fare. Its battles will be blood- less, its victories will be tearless ; but the contest is a fearful one, for it is a struggle with the vitiated appetites of our fallen nature appetites that have left scars deeply furrowed on the face of humanity. In all the ages, among all the nations, drunkenness has conquered the mightiest intellects, the bravest hearts, and the noblest natures. Soldiers who have led their conquering legions over fields of victory, statesmen who have swayed the destinies of nations, philoso- phers who have stamped the impress of their genius upon the ages, orators who have held listening Senates in rapt admiration, scholars who have led under contribution the vast domains of matter and of mind, have been the victims of intemperance. [Applause.] It is estimated that in our own country, in this age of light and of knowledge, in this land with fifty thousand church- es and fifty thousand ministers of the living God, we have an army of five hundred thousand drunkards; that fifty thousand of this army annually sink into drunkards' graves ; that its ranks are kept filled by drafts upon the vast reserves THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 5 of moderate drinkers. An army of half a million drunkards in Christian America ! Every annual circuit of the sun fifty thousand new-made drunkards' graves ! The perishing ranks of drunkenness recruited and crowded, by merciless drafts upon the manhood of the nation! 'How fearful is the thought ! How appalling the spectacle ! Look at that army as it staggers on to annihilation. You see no mighty col- umns of heroes marching on with radiant banners, glad music, and glittering steel, to victory and to glory ; but a multitudinous throng, broken, disordered, spiritless, tramping on to their doom, with the cries of fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, wives, children, ringing in their ears. All ages and conditions are there youth prematurely blighted ; manhood broken, hopeless ; age bending beneath the burdens of name- less sorrows ; the generous, the noble, men of heart, of mind, and of soul, struggling in the grasp of drunkenness like giants in chains ; but their feet ever glide onward and down- ward. God pity that throng of scarred, perishing, vanishing humanity. [Applause.] It is our pin-pose, ladies and gentlemen, to hold ourselves back from this great army of drunkards from this vast throng of moderate drinkers, upon whom drunkenness makes its annual drafts. It is our purpose, too, with the smile of God, to rescue the perishing drunkard and save the moderate drinker. We indulge the hope that this Congressional So- ciety, by the blessing of Almighty God, will contribute something to this holy purpose, to rescue the fallen and save the falling. Let us, gentlemen of this Society, which we trust will long continue to enroll among its members the representatives of the people as they shall come hither in the years to come, be true to our plighted faith to each other, and to our vows to our God. [Applause.] Let us ever remember that strength comes from striving ; that, in 6 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. striving to rescue our fallen brothers, and to save our falling brothers from impending ruin, we may keep our own steps from gliding downward. Ever watching, and ever striving, when life's labors are done, our bodies may return to our mother earth unscarred, and our spirits to God who gave them, unstained by drunkenness. [Applause.] LADIES AND GENTLEMEN I have now the honor to pre- sent to you the Hon. HIRAM PRICE, of Iowa, an honored member of the House, and the President of the State Tem- perance Society of the young commonwealth of Iowa. ADDRESS OF HON. HIRAM PRICE, Of Iowa. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN For twenty-five years of my life, by word and act, at home and abroad, through evil and good report, by legal and by moral suasion, in season and (if such a thing be possible) out of season, I have, to the utmost of my ability and extent of my influence, endeavored to stand up for the cause of total abstinence, and the overthrow of intemperance. In the progress of this cause in the years of the past, the prospect of success has most generally been obscured by dark clouds of danger and defeat. Occasionally, however, the sunlight of success has, through rifts in those clouds, flecked the pathway, and cheered the hearts of the laborers in this cause. Never, in my most sanguine moments, did I anticipate such a scene as this hour presents. Here at the Capitol, in the high council chamber of the nation, the Senators and Representatives of a powerful and enlightened people have assembled for the purpose of devising ways and THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 7 means for the overthrow of the enemy of our race, and for the upbuilding of the most glorious cause, save one, that ever engaged the hearts and hands of the children of men. [Ap- plause.] In the brief space of ten minutes, which, according to ar- rangement, is all that is allowed me, I can not, of course, attempt an argument, nor is argument necessary. An at- tempt to prove that intemperance is a master vice, would be a work of supererogation. That fact is proven by the thou- sands of wives who are worse than widows, and the tens of thousands of children who are worse than orphans ; nor is there a man or woman within the sound of my voice who is not willing to admit that intemperance is an evil destructive of soul and body. The question to be considered, then, is, what shah 1 be done to stay this tide of evil, wretchedness, and misery ? There are but two classes of persons on this question those who practice total abstinence, and those who do not ; or I might class them again, as total abstinence men, moderate drinkers, and those who have got a step beyond, and are now standing on the verge of a drunkard's grave. But for the present I shall only range them in the first two classes. Of that vast army of five hundred thousand drunkards, which it is said our land now contains, and of which number the State of Pennsylvania alone furnishes, according to a recent statement, between thirty and forty thousand, not one came from the ranks of the total abstinence men, but all, every one, from the ranks of the moderate drinkers. If all men and women were reliable, thorough-going, uncompromising total absti- nence men and women, no more recruits could be obtained for this army of drunkards, and this curse would be removed. Therefore the object of all temperance societies, strictly so- called, is to take from the enemy that source of strength, and 8 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. make all men total abstinence men, for outside of that there is no safety. No total abstinence man or woman becomes a drunkard, but the drunkards do all come from the ranks of the mode- rate drinkers, and therefore any man who is a moderate drinker is responsible, to a certain extent, for the increase of drunkenness and drunkards in the land. If time would allow, I should like to dwell longer upon that point, for there is the danger, and there is where the enemy finds his strength, his life, and power for evil. If you stand by the bedside of the poor drunkard who has lost all for time and eternity, he will tell you, if he tells the truth (and he will be very likely to do so under these circum- stances), that he commenced by drinking some of the lighter beverages, such as cider, beer, ale, porter, etc., and that step by step he advanced in the downward path to ruin, until he has reached his present position. Hence the necessity for total abstinence organizations to counteract the drinking usages of society, and shed the sunlight of happiness on the dark places of the earth. All other plans have failed; half-way measures will not reach the case, but practical, consistent, total abstinence never can fail. I appeal to you, then, as sensible, candid, thinking men, to say whether it is not always safer to engage in a measure that can not possibly fail, rather than take any risk where the hazard is so tremendous. My fellow-citizens, I want to say to you, and particularly to the Senators and Representatives assembled here to-night, that a responsibility rests upon you, because of this occasion, that never rested upon you before. The first Napoleon pro- claimed to his men, that forty centuries looked down upon them from the Pyramids. I say to you, that this night, more than thirty millions of free people, whose representatives you THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 9 are, are looking to your action, and anxious to know whether you will stand firm or not. At the first bugle blast for the call of this Congressional Temperance Society, forty-five men enrolled their names and rallied around the temperance flag, and the number each day is increasing. We have hung our banner on the outer wall, and proclaimed to the world that while we live we will drink no more intoxicating liquors. [Applause.] I appeal to you as legislators, as fellow-citizens, as men engaged in the same great cause ; I appeal to you by all that you call sacred in the present, and all that you expect in the future, to stand firm in this cause, so that those who behold your actions may be constrained to believe that there is sta- bility in the Congressional Temperance Society, formed at the Capitol of our Xation, at the high noon of the nineteenth century. I adjure you by the recollections of the past, by all the scenes of wretchedness and misery that lie along the path- way of each of your past histories, to stand firm. Remember your pledge ; remember that if you touch but a drop to your lips, a vast ocean may surround you, an ocean fathomless and shoreless, from which there is no escape. In this cause there is ample room for the exercise of the noblest faculties and the brightest genius, in persuading men and women to abandon the wine cup and drink only that beverage which was prepared by God Himself to nourish and invigorate His creatures and to beautify His footstool ; that which gives life and beauty and usefulness to the golden har- vests, the magnificent forests, and whatever else on earth that blooms or beautifies, and without which all must wither, droop, and die. And now, the few moments allowed me for these remarks having expired, my last words are, sign the total abstinence pledge, and keep it while time endures. [Applause.] 1* 10 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. ADDRESS OF HON. SAMUEL McKEE, Of Kentucky. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN I have not the experience of the gentleman who has preceded me in this meeting. I have not for twenty-five years been a temperance lecturer. I have not, furthermore, until the present session of Congress, ever belonged to a temperance society; but I am not, as you might infer if I stopped here, a very recent convert to the cause of temperance, for since my boyhood, since the day I left my father's house to go out into the world to battle for myself, I have put away from me altogether all kinds of in- toxicating liquors. I believed then, as I know now by ex- perience, what my friend has said so well, that this is the only safe course for a man to pursue in order to pass on to honor and attain that high position which the Creator intend- ed for man when He launched him into the world. And my short experience in public life, and mingling in the world, has taught me, if I had not believed it before, that this thing of intemperance is the ruin and destruction, the utter loss of more gallant and noble men than all other evils in the world combined. That being the case, it certainly ought to be the highest aim of all men aye, of all women, too, for in this work, as well as all others, the influence of woman is all- powerful, and generally, perhaps always intentionally, the influence of woman is on the side of good to give encour- agement to this work. Woman oftentimes, like other mor- tals, commits blunders, and I believe that a great deal of the drunkenness that exists in this land grows out of the encour- agement of those men who are generally recognized in society as "good fellows" lively, jolly young men, who generally THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 11 seem to be preferred, from some cause or other, by the ladies, to quiet, sober men. Now this is not as it should be. If you find a good, lively, social kind of man, of course encour- age him ; but when you find that man wandering away to those places where men are so apt to go in order to stimulate themselves for lively work, let your voice follow that man, and let it ring in his ears, " Come back, come back death is in that door /" Of course at a meeting of this kind, and where so many men are called upon to address you, it is not expected we shall say much. Much may be done by example, and I am glad to hear the warning from my friend, to stand by what we have undertaken ; and I may be pardoned for making one remark right here, and say that, so far as his remark applied to the present Congress, the conduct of this Congress has already taught the nation that it goes not backward on any advance it has made. [Applause.] I know it is the custom among all men throughout all lands to use these rumsellers, these whisky shops, these men who deal in this article, as promoters of their prospects when they stand before the people. Nothing is more pernicious, more wrong, or so unnecessary. I have heard, in my short experi- ence, of men giving a very large bonus to certain keepers of coffee-houses, that they may throw their influence for them in election times. In my own State it has been the custom to use this as one of the chief means of promoting the chances of a candidate and winning the people more so, perhaps, than in the New England or Middle States. But such a course in my own State I believe to be entirely unnecessary. It adds nothing to their chances of success, and men generally are apt to close the canvass and find the expense they have gone to has been thrown away, because the men are not to be trusted who deal in it. I relate you simply my own experi- 12 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. ence in this matter not because it is mine, but simply as an example when I was a candidate before my people and it was the only time I have ever been a candidate for a political office in my life although it had been the custom there, whenever a candidate came, to set out a free drinking estab- lishment. When I began the canvass in my own district, at almost the first place I visited I was approached by one of these men for money, that he could " treat" all his friends. "That is the way," he said, " to get votes." " Well," said I to my friends, " if that be the way to secure votes, I shall never secure any. I drink no liquor." [Applause.] I made the canvass through my district on that theory. On the last day but one before the election, dining with an old gentleman, an acquaintance of mine, who had long been a politician in the State of Kentucky, said he, " What are your prospects for election ?" I said, " I feel that I shall be elected." " How have you conducted this campaign?" Said I, "On strict principles of honesty, treating nobody, spending no money anywhere except it was necessary to send a man to the polls who could not get there without means." He looked strangely at me, and with a rather saddened countenance said, " You will not be elected. I have been a politician in Kentucky too long, and I never knew a man conduct a canvass on that scale to succeed." But he was deceived. The election proved the contrary. And if I have been the first candidate to conduct a campaign successfully on that theory, in all other canvasses, I pledge you and the people, they shall be conducted in the same way. [Applause.] I know not whether there be a band of five hundred thousand marching to drunkards' graves or not ; I dare say the Chairman has not over-estimated the amount. But to-day I have learned, from an organization which has done an immense amount of good, that in the city of New York there are fifty thousand wandering, homeless, THK CONGKESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 13 houseless little ones ; and I also state the fact, in connection with that, that three fourths of this number are made so l>y this course of intemperance, and by this sale of the vilest compound of liquor. Stringent laws may be enacted which will somewhat curb the evil ; but the one great thing we need more than all that, is to educate the minds of the people bring them up to that high sense of duty and honor that they will neither encourage nor countenance the men who make this a traffic ; and when we have educated the minds of the people up to that point, we shall have no difficulty whatever in treating the matter. [Applause.] ADDRESS OF HON. RICHARD YATES, Of Illinois. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN It was not my intention to address you at all until this afternoon, and I feel the need of more preparation before speaking to so large an audience as this. The reason why I did not propose to address this assembly was because having so recently associated myself with the Congressional Temperance Association, I did not like to make a parade of myself before the public. Men sometimes sign pledges, and they break them; but, Mr. President, I have signed for good [applause], and I have made my covenant with God that I will keep mine. But I felt it were better to prove first that I was well established in my new position, before I attempted to express sentiments on this question in that earnest and enthusiastic manner in which I always address my fellow-citizens in behalf of any 14: THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. cause which has the conviction of my judgment and the approval of my heart. Some two months ago your distinguished chairman, the able and eloquent Senator from Massachusetts, in his kindness, in the goodness of his great big heart, came to me with a petition numerously signed by members of Congress, and said : " Governor, I want you to sign a call for a temperance meeting." " With all my heart," said I. I signed it. But the temperance meeting did not come off. I became im- patient. I went to the honorable Senator and told him I was tired of waiting; could he not furnish me a pledge? He said he could to-morrow. The next day he furnished me with a printed pledge of the Congressional Temperance Society. I put it in my pocket, took it home, took it to my room, read it carefully, and, after one look to God and one to home, I signed the pledge. I raised myself to my full height, and I was FREE. [Great applause.] If I refer to myself in the remarks I have made, and which I intend to make, I assure you it is not from egotism, for I take no peculiar pride myself in having been addicted to the use of ardent spirits. But there is another reason why I feel permitted to refer to myself, and that is, because while I have considered that I was only a moderate drinker, it has been published all over the land that I was a drunkard. Fellow-citizens, there was some truth in this, and there was a vast deal of error in it, too. I was addicted to drinking occasionally as a stimulus, as I supposed, to strengthen my nerves [laughter], and as a heightener of social joys. But, Mr. Chairman, differently from other men, I had a most un- fortunate difficulty with myself, and that was, I had a won- derful facility, whenever I drank, of letting everybody know it. [Laughter.] My sprees were not frequent, but they were long and they were loud. [Laughter.] The grand prairies THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 15 of Illinois did not furnish area enough for one of my forward movements. [Laughter.] That was not only the case ; but whatever I have done for the last seventeen years whether I had to make a speech to a political meeting; whether I spoke against the Nebraska bill upon the floor of this House ; whether, as Governor, I wrote a message, or published a proclamation, or prorogued a secession Legislature [great applause], the universal charge of the opposite party was, that all these acts were done under the influence of whisky. [Laughter.] Xow, fellow-citizens, I have concluded to put a stop to this matter. The editors and reporters of newspapers are an honorable class of gentlemen whom I respect ; but I want those libelous scribblers who have made so many mis- representations as to my course of conduct, to understand that from this time henceforward their vocation in that respect is gone [laughter and applause], and they may now pub- lish their 'libels until the hand that writes them shall foil withered and palsied ; but I never intend that they shall have any license or authority to publish me as a drunkard again, even if I have to abstain, as I will abstain, from the mildest glass of claret that ever the fair hand of the fairest lady in this land should present to me. [Applause.] There is the evil of the thing this misrepresentation, this liability to misrepresentation. Why, sir, after I had made these speeches, some sharp article of abuse would be published in the paper, and some " Friendly Indian" of mine [laughter] would mark around it with black lines and send it to me for my Christian contemplation and supreme delight. [Laughter.] I will stop it. I have promised God ; I have promised my country ; I have promised that proud Commonwealth which for twenty-five consecutive years has honored me with ah" her public positions, in the Legislature, as Governor, as member of both Houses of Congress ; I have promised ah 1 who love me, 16 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. and I have promised Katie and the children [loud applause], that I will never touch, taste, nor handle the unclean thing [applause] ; and by the blessing of God and my own unfalter- ing purpose, I intend to fight it out on this line to the last day in the evening of my life. [Applause.] If all you, gentlemen, would do the same thing, you would lose nothing in mind, body, or estate. [Laughter.] Fellow-citizens : It may seem strange, but I would, as I feel now, as soon drink fire from hell as whisky, for it is hell and damnation, too. It destroys the health, and mars the beauty of the body ; it can bow down to earth the most giant intel- lect, and make it weak as that of a child. It demoralizes and it annihilates the immortal soul. It makes a man forget his children or the wife of his bosom, and treat them with harsh unkindness and barbarity, and even murder them. Unaffected by intemperance, he would peril his life for that wife of his love; he would dive into the ocean's depths, face the cannon's mouth, or peril his life amid the flames of the burning dwell- ing to snatch from death his darling babe. I do not suppose at all that I am superior to anybody else in intellect. I certainly have no special claims to considera- tion from birth or fortune. But there is one thing I do claim, and that is, that God has endowed me with nobility of soul, with warm and generous impulses a heart as unfathomable in its affections as the ocean, and as broad as the area of humanity; and I appeal to you, Mr. Chairman, from our slight acquaintance, if you do not think I have enough of the ardent about me without ardent spirits. [Laughter.] Mr. WILSON. Yes ; you have. Mr. YATES. I would say to the young man, that grandeur of human character does not consist of transcendant genius alone. It does not belong alone to the statesman beneath whose eloquence listening Senates sit enraptured ; it does not THE CONGRESSIONAL, TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 17 belong alone to the warrior who bears his proud, unconquered banner over every field ; but it does consist in force of char- acter, in force of soul, feeling, thought, and purpose. Caesar was a weak man when he sacrificed the liberties of Rome by suffering Mark Antony to put the crown upon his head. Washington would not have been great if he had yielded to the temptations of his willing army and accepted a crown at the expense of the liberties of his country. The reformed drunkard accomplishes a more heroic achievement than did the Spartan band at Thermopyla?, because he conquers him- self. That man is only great who seeks right and truth and justice, and adheres to them with strong, vigorous, and per- petual purpose. As to the effects upon the nation, Mr. Jefferson said, many years ago : " The habit of using alcoholic liquors by men in office has created more injury to the public service, and given more trouble to me than any other circumstance which has occurred in the internal concerns of the country during my administration. If I had to commence my administration again, with the knowledge I have from experience derived, tlie first question which I would ask from a candidate for public favor would be, is he addicted to the use of ardent spirits ?" The man who is to legislate for a great country, to help make laws and constitutions involving the destinies of millions of human beings, ought to be a man of reflection, moral principle, integrity, and, above all, a sober man. [Applause.] Go into your legislative halls, State and national, and behold the drunkard staggering to his seat or sleeping at his post, and ask yourself the question, whether he is not more fit to le called a monument of his country's shame than the repre- sentative of freemen ? Would it not be most fearful to con- template that ill-fated epoch in the history of our country 18 THE CONGRESSIONAL TKMPEKAJTCE SOCIETY. when the demon of intemperance shall come into our legis- lative halls without shame, remorse, or rebuke ; when he shall sit upon juries, upon the bench, and drunkenness run riot among the people. Who then will protect the ship of state upon this maddening tide ; who will steer her in her onward course amid the dashing billows ; who spread her starry flag to the free, fresh, wild winds of heaven ? Watchman, what of the night? We have been engaged in a mighty revolution. Your army and navy have carried your arms under Grant and Banks against the Gibraltars of the Mississippi, and opened that stream from its source to its mouth. Under the gallant Joe Hooker your troops scaled the heights, and above the clouds unfurled to the sun the glorious flag of the stars. [Applause.] Sherman marches from Cairo to the sea, while Grant marches through the Wilderness to the Confederate capital. The rebellion is crushed. Behold ! a whole race set free the shackles of the ages are broken, and we see full-high advanced the standard of the nation's redemption. " Hark ! dinna ye hear the pibroch of the Highlanders ?" and borne upon the wings of the wind the slogan shout of universal emancipation? [Applause.] And now shall this puissant nation, " Columbia, queen of the world and child of the skies," pause in her efforts when there is an enemy in our land more destructive than war, pestilence, and famine combined, which sends annually one hundred thousand men to untimely graves, makes fifty thousand widows, and three hundred thousand wives worse than widows filling our prisons, our poor-houses, our lunatic asylums, and swelling to an untold extent the great ocean of human misery, wretchedness, and woe ? Somebody told me he saw in a Chicago paper the other day, that since Governor Yates had joined the temperance THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 19 society, whisky had fallen ten cents a gallon. [Laughter.] Well, that's good, indeed. [Laughter.] At all events, it's good neics, for all that ever kept ray slanderers from drinking themselves to death pro bono publico, was the high price of whisky. [Laughter.] We will bring it within their reach, for it will have to fall ranch lower than the present price before it reaches its real intrinsic value a specie basis. [Laughter.] Mr. President, if old King Alcohol were dead and buried, as he ought to be, beyond the power of resurrec- tion, this nation could bear our national debt like a young Hercules. [Applause.] Then,. sir, two blades of grass would grow where one now grows, and unbounded wealth, imperial power, and proud position would be the heritage of the nation forever. [Applause.] But some say this temperance business is fanaticism it's a gloomy sort of life. There never was a greater mistake. Temperance is one of the sweetest and most delightful things upon earth ; it is the very spring-head of cheerfulness, happi- ness, and joy the very chivalry of manhood itself. I have been a temperance man for fifteen days, and I am a gayer boy to-night than I have been for seventeen years. [Laugh- ter.] I think I am the gayest man in the Senate, except the compeer of Clay and Crittenden the able, indomitable, and gallant old cavalier of Kentucky (Garrett Davis). I except you also, Mr. Chairman. [Laughter.] Temperance gloomy? Not a bit of it, Mr. President. My pledge shall be a per- petual charm " a thing of beauty which is a joy forever" not a cloud of gloom, but an ever-present rainbow of promise, hope, and beauty. I am as proud of it as of my wife and children, and that is the strongest way I have to express my pride. [Applause.] I am as proud of it as I am of the com. mission which entitles me to hold the position of an American Senator. By-the-by, Mr. Chairman, I Avill submit to you the 20 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. question : I rather think the commission and the temperance pledge ought to go together. [Applause.] What do you think about having "the teetotaler" put into the iron-clad oath ? [Laughter.] You say, of what use is the pledge ? I will tell you. Twenty days ago there came along a friend of mine a Senator and said, "Let us take a drink." I said, "Cer- tainly all right." Another friend from Illinois in about three minutes and a half came along and said, " Let us take a drink." Said I, "All right." It is this way: One drink of liquor is enough for me ; two ain't half enough [laughter] ; three is only one third enough, and four is chaos. After I signed the pledge I was asked several times to drink, but I didn't do any such thing. [Laughter.] After I signed this temperance pledge, I wrote to a little lady out in Illinois, who weighs about a hundred pounds, has black hair and flashing black eyes, and " a form fairer than Grecian chisel ever woke from Parian marble," and I re- ceived the following answer : " MY DEAR RICHARD How beautiful is this morning! how bright the sun shines! how sweetly our birds sing ! how joyous the children ! how happy is my heart ! I see the smile of God. He has answered the prayer. Always proud of your success, you have now achieved that success which God and angels will bless. It is the shining summit of human aspiration, for you have conquered yourself. All who love you will aid you to keep the pledge. I love you, my dear boy ! KATIE." " Love, the sun, soul, and center of the moral universe ; Love, which links angel to angel and God to man ; Love, which binds in one two loving hearts. How beautiful in love!" As I look over this audience, composed of Senators and Representatives of this great nation, and these galleries blaz- THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 21 ing with beauty and the worth of the city, and sojourners from all the States and Territories, I ask myself why they are here. Proud England, upon whose dominions the snn never sets, has but one queen, but, thank God, we have mil- lions of queens, who " Shine in beauty like the night Of sunny climes and starry skies !" whose chains we feel, and yet we bless the silken scepter. You are here to give by your presence encouragement to the Congressional Temperance Society, and I propose, sir, that this Society shall be the beginning of societies throughout the land, and that we will push forward the temperance column, move upon the enemy's works, and give him canister and Greek fire. [Applause.] We will storm upon the cita- del of intemperance until it shall crumble and totter and fall to the earth. [Applause.] Why do I refer to the ladies? Because their example is mightier than the eloquence of a thousand Senates or the banners of a thousand legions. You are here to-night to see the snowy white flag of tem- perance as it is unfurled over the Capitol of your country, as it rises and rises, and unfolds to God and spreads until it shall cover the whole land, and until there shall not be a drunkard nor a moderate drinker to take away the bloom from the cheek of female beauty, and until all the hearth- stones of this land shall blaze with comfort and joy, and happiness and gladness shall dwell in green freshness there. [Tremendous applause.] 22 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. ADDRESS OF HON. F. E. WOODBRIDGE, Of Vermont. IT is, of course, quite impossible, in the few moments which it will be proper for me to occupy, to enter upon any discus- sion in treating the great moral and social question which has brought so many of us together this evening. Indeed, I suppose the meeting was not called for the purpose of going over old and worn-out arguments in favor of abstinence from intoxicating drinks, but rather to stir one another up by way of remembrance, and enkindle a new enthusiasm, and awaken a new zeal. Now, I have no experience to narrate certainly I am not one of the old apostles who have grown gray in the service. I joined the Congressional Temperance Society because I thought it would be best for myself, my children, and for those who may look to me for an example, or over whom I may exert the least influence. And again, the time is propitious for the advancement of every moral and social enterprise. For the last few years we have thought of nothing but the terrible war which has devastated our be- loved country, deluged the land with blood, and brought lamentation and mourning to all our households. Sweet peace has dawned the passions of men are more or less sub- dued; purer purposes and influences are working upon the individual and upon society, and the heart seems to long for something better and holier than bloody and cruel war. Hence it would seem, from the condition of things, that it is the day for progress, and, in my judgment, the earnest, thoughtful laborer for the good of his fellow-man will reap THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 23 an abundant harvest, Avhich, in the last great day, will add new jewels to his crown of rejoicing. Man is a splendid creature ! God thought so when He created him. God thought so when He gave His only and well-beloved Son our blessed Saviour to die for him. The earth, with its magnificence of beauty, the heavens, with their indescribable glories, were made for man; and when God breathed into the nostrils of His image His own breath of life, everything was so perfect and glorious that the morn- ing stars sang together for joy. The sun, as it walks in majesty through the heavens, gives light, and heat, and life; the little violet at our feet, which tells us that spring-time and the singing of birds is coming ; the stars, as they dazzle and sparkle in the sky ; and the little fire-fly, as it lights up the swamps at night, were all made for the benefit and comfort of man. How great, then, is the' dignity of manhood ! and how fearful are its responsibilities ! Whatever thought, whatever act, whatever purpose, what- ' ever habit detracts from that dignity is wrong. Whatever course of action fails to meet those high responsibilities is also wrong. Hence the propriety, and even the necessity, of temperance, and hence, also, the duty of action, vigorous, kindly, loving effort to raise up those who have yielded to temptation, and to prevent the young man from falling into the fatal snare. Young man, you feel that you are safe. Perhaps you have never been intoxicated. Yon only take a social glass with your genial friends all of them gentlemanly and upright young men after the labors of the day are over. Many a young man, with a mind as well poised, with as much self- control, with as gentlemanly habits and purpose of thought and action as you now have, have been in the same position. Where are they now ? Gone to an untimely and dishonored 24 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. grave, leaving behind them blasted hopes, sad memories, and broken hearts. Men are creatures of habit. " Excess of appetite doth grow- by what it feeds on." You know, and I know, that, as a general rule, the habit creeps upon one with an insidious, noiseless tread. He that takes a glass to-day, must take two to-morrow, and then three, and four, and five, and six, and, ere he knows it, the serpent's coil is about him, and he becomes the almost hopeless and despairing victim of in- temperance. See how it is with other habits. Take the use of tobacco. When I first used it, it was disgusting ; it made me sick; but, thinking it to be manly, I persevered, amid vomitings and cramps, until I could smoke without nausea. I thought I was a man. Now what is the result ? To-day I am a slave to the abominable habit, and would give a good Vermont farm to be rid of it. It may be difficult to account for this, but the fact exists. Then, why put yourself in this danger ? You do not re- quire the stimulant now ; you are in the midst of your manly pride and strength. Then taste not, touch not, handle not, lest by-and-by it biteth like a serpent and stingeth like an adder ! I would like to talk to the ladies a little as to their duty for it is always pleasant for a gentleman to talk to the purest and most beautiful part of creation but time will not permit. It is sometimes said that it is almost useless to endeavor to reform the confirmed inebriate, and that our efforts must be devoted to the prevention rather than the cure. I do not think so. Men's hearts seem to be hardened against the unfortunate victim of this inexorable habit. They are apt to say, " Oh, he is a miserable drunkard ; let him go !" Sir, that man may once have been as good as you or I; and, saving that unfortunate habit, he may, in the eye of God, THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 25 who sees not as men see, be as good or better than you or I to-day. When himself, he may be good to the poor, kind and loving to his family, obedient to the law, respectful to the ordinances of religion. I confess, sir, when I see a drunken man, my impulse is to go to him and kindly lead him to a place of safety. Think a moment ! He is our brother ; God made him ; Christ died for him, and knocks at his heart, as He does at ours, for admission. Think again of the wife, who, in the freshness and beauty of her early youth, pledged this man her love, and, with that fidelity which kept woman last at the cross and brought her first at the tomb, clings to him now. Think of her prayers, ascending like pure incense to her heavenly Father, that her husband may be reclaimed. Think, too, of those little children watching at the window, when night has fallen, for the approaching shadow of their father, or listening for his footsteps, refusing to leave their dear mother until he is in safety. Think, too, of the prayers and groans of this unfortunate man, as in the darkness and still- ness of midnight he pleads to be delivered from this terrible woe.; and as in the morning he leaves his home, his children cover him with kisses, and the face of his wife lights up as with an angel's smile, as he promises to drink no more. He is honest in that promise, but the tempter comes and he falls again. Revile not, upbraid not that poor unfortunate man ! Rather lift him up with kindness and encouragement from the pit into which he has fallen. Show him the dignity of his own nature, the beauty of truth, and purity, and sobriety, and bid him go and sin no more. If he falls again, and per- haps he may, once more put your arms around him, and by- and-by he may become clothed and in his right mind, and be once again a man. If there is joy in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, is it not worth while for man to save one soul from a drunkard's grave ? The happiness of life is reflex. It 2 26 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. comes from without, and not from within. To do good is to be happy. Let us, then, in this and in all things, strive to promote the welfare of our brother man, and then, when kind hands smooth for the last time our pillow, as we are about to close our eyes forever upon earth, AVC may say, " When the eye saw me thus, it blessed me. When the ear heard me, it gave witness to me for I delivered the poor that cried; the fatherless and him that had none to help him ; the blessing of him that was ready to perish came upon me, and I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy." [Applause.] ADDRESS OF HON. AVM. E. DODGE. Of JTeto York. As I have sat, sir, looking at this interesting spectacle, I have asked myself, why are we assembled here to-night ?. Is it in view of the approach of some epidemic? Is the cholera just upon us, and have we met here to-night to consult as to what measures may be taken to stay the progress of the dire plague? No, sir; we are met here to-night in view of a wide-spread evil more to be dreaded than the cholera. More die in a single year from th.> influence of intoxicating drinks than all who have perished from cholera since the year 1832, when it first visited our land. If we had met here to consult as to staying the progress of the cholera, what would be said to one who should stand up and declare that he had a panacea that he could present as a remedy to stay the progress of this scourge ? But we are here, sir, in view of this terrible evil, to present to this audience a panacea as sure and certain as THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 27 that the individual who shall take it, abide by its instructions and follow the directions given for its use. We are here to contemplate the fact already stated, that there are fifty thousand persons going annually to drunkards' graves. Mr. President, I fully indorse this not that all die admitted drunkards, but they die premature deaths from disease superinduced by the use of intoxicating drinks. The friends and the physician know what was the cause, but report says "heart disease," "dropsy," or "apoplexy," while tens of thousands die absolute drunkards. We talk of fifty thousand ! The last few years have taught us numericals as we have never understood them before. Fifty thousand! Can we comprehend it ? Never, until these years of war, has there been an army of fifty thousand collected in our land. Some of us stood on this beautiful avenue two years ago, and for long hours witnessed the long columns of our returning noble veterans as they passed in review. But, as we stood there, could we have realized, as we looked upon their faces, that they were all marching to drunkards' graves, with Avhat terrible anxiety should we have viewed them ! But, sir, if when that mighty army of fifty thousand had passed down to drunkards' graves, we could feel that that was the end of the procession, it would not be so terrible. But as 1868 looms up in the distance, we behold the onward march of fifty thousand more coming from those licensed places for recruit, ing drunkards the hotels and saloons. I wish I could stop here ; but they come not only from the saloons, hotels, and drinking-shops, but they come enlisted from the dining-tables of the distinguished men of our land, where temptation is set before them because it is fashionable, and where they drink ' because it is unfashionable not to drink ; they come from where parties assemble, where the punch-bowl is seen, where intoxicating drinks circulate amid our wives, our mothers, 28 TOE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. sisters, and friends, and where temptation meets the man who enters that house with the determination not to drink ; Avhere the young and lovely female reaches out the tempting glass, and there is not moral courage to resist, and so he enlists and makes one of that mighty coming throng. I say nothing here of the habit as it fastens itself, in such circumstances, on many a lovely woman. Facts could be given which would startle those who set temptation in the way of the unsuspecting. I said, sir, we had a panacea. It is nothing more nor less than the very thing the noble Senator has done, which is, to sign the pledge and stop drinking. [Applause.] What is that pledge ? Allow me to read it, and if I had time I should like to read the names of the noble men who have signed it. " We, the undersigned, members of the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives of the United States, do agree that we will not use intoxicat- ing liquors as a beverage, nor traffic in them ; that we will not provide them as an article of entertainment, or for persons in our employment ; and that in all suitable ways we will discountenance their use through- out the community." After the reading of the pledge, which was received with applause, the names of the signers were called for by the audience, and were read by Mr. DODGE, as follows : SENATORS. HENRY WILSON, of Mass. E. G. Eoss, of Kansas. RICHARD YATES, of Illinois. L. M. MORRILL, of Maine. W. T. WILLEY, of W. Virginia. A. H. CRAGIN, of K Hampshire. S. C. POMEROY, of Kansas. W. SAULSBURY, of Delaware. REPRESENTATIVES. SCHUYLER COLFAX, of Indiana. G. W. JULIAN, of Indiana. H. PRICE, of Iowa. S. M. CULLOM, of Illinois. T. A. PLANTS, of Ohio. A. A. BARKER, of Pennsylvania. S. PERHAM, of Maine. R. E. TROWBRIDGE, of Michigan. THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 29 REPRESENTATIVES. J. B. GRINNELL, of Iowa. W. B. WASHBURN, of Mass. T. W. FERRY, of Michigan. W. WINDOM, of Minnesota. B. C. COOK, of Illinois. C. DELANO, of Ohio. J. W. PATTERSON, of N. H. J. T. HOLMES, of New York. JOHN WENTWORTH, of Illinois. S. F. WILSON, of Pennsylvania. W. A. NEWELL, of New Jersey. S. McKEE, of Kentucky. C. T. HULBURD, of New York. JOHN LYNCH, of Maine. JOHN H. RICE, of Maine. "W. LAWRENCE, of Ohio. J. H. D. HENDERSON, of Oregon. H. L. DAWES, of Massachusetts. A. VAN AERNAM, of New York. J. H. HUBBARD, of Connecticut. J. B. ALLEY, of Massachusetts. AMASA COBB, of Wisconsin. P. SAWYER, of Wisconsin. F. E. WOODBRIDGE, of Vermont. CHARLES UPSON, of Michigan. W. HIGBY, of California. J. W. McCLURG, of Missouri. O. AMES, of Massachusetts. W. E. DODGE, of New York. L. W. Ross, of Illinois. W. D. MclNDOE, of Wisconsin. H. S. BUNDY, of Ohio. J. F. BENJAMIN, of Missouri. C. D. HUBBAKD, of W. Virginia. J. R. KELSO, of Missouri. Mr. DODGE. Mr. President, I should like to know if that is to come out of my time? [Laughter.] Mr. WILSON. You have left out one name that ought not to be left out that is the name of TIIADDEUS STEVENS. [Great applause.] Mr. DODGE. I will say in regard to that name, that that gentleman said to me on Saturday evening, that if he was well enough to be out of bed he would certainly be here, if he did no more than to say that for thirty years he never had drank a drop of anything which could intoxicate. [Applause.] Xow, sir, I was speaking of the panacea. When we offer this panacea, we ought not to be called fanatics. We are not fanatics. We offer a simple, philosophic remedy for the most terrible calamity and disease. How simple! The patient has not the cholera, yellow fever, or consumption, but he has 30 THE CONGRESSIONAL TKill'EUAXCE SOCIETY. a habit of using stimulating drinks. We are not fanatics, although no man can take the Bible in his hand and say to me that per se it is sin for me to drink wine. Yet he can take that Bible and show most conclusively that there may be circumstances under which it would be sin for me to drink. If my brother had been addicted to the use of intoxi- cating drinks, and was manfully struggling to resist the appetite (which none but they who have acquired it know), should I drink my wine in his presence, put it on my table and ask him to drink, and he should be overcome, and die a drunkard, God would call me to account for my brother's blood. And who is my brother? God tells us -who. Our neighbors all over whom we have influence are our brothers ; and when we set on our table the deadly cup, and put it to our neighbors' lips, we are doing that which, per- chance, will lead some struggling brother to go down to a drunkard's grave, to meet us at the judgment and charge us with his ruin. And now, Mr. President, comes in the power of sympathy and example, which is the grand foundation of every temperance organization. It is simply the Bible prin- ciple which we should endeavor to follow self-sacrifice for the good of others. Paul said : " It is neither good to eat flesh, nor drink wine, nor anything which shall cause my brother to stumble or to fall. If meat make my brother to offend, I will eat no more meat while the world stands, lest I make my brother to offend." That is the doctrine. [Applause.] Mr. Van Meter here brought in ten young girls from the New York Home for little wanderers, who sang, "Dear Father, Come Home !" Mr. DODGE. Ah! Mr. President, who can think of the broken hearts, and the desolate and ruined homes, and not sympathize with that wife or parent when those they love so THE CONGRESSIONAL TKMl'KEANCK SOCIETY. 31 tenderly " do come home," bringing the evidence that they have enlisted in this army ? And now let me say, before sitting down, to my fellow-members of the Thirty-ninth Con- gress : the eye of the nation rests upon this Congress as the focal point. Whatever emanates from this Congress goes world-wide. We are here placed high upon the mount of responsibility, and as we have, by God's blessing, helped to save the nation from that terrible curse of slavery, is there a man here who will not be willing to sacrifice himself for the sake of saving the fifty thousand who are to die in 1868, and to save the nation ? [Applause.] ADDRESS OF HON. SCHUYLER COLFAX, Of Indiana. MR. PRESIDENT, LADIES, AND GENTLEMEN The President of this society solicited me a day or two ago to speak at this first meeting of the Congressional Temperance Society, and although I tried to decline, yet, when he pressed the argu- ment upon me that every one should be ready to give a reason for the faith that is in him, duty seemed to require that I should speak to you, though it will be but briefly. Why should we not speak for such a cause not banded together for honors, for office, for wealth or fame, but to plead affec- tionately in behalf of hundreds of thousands of worse than orphan children, like those you have just listened to, "Dear father, come home." My devotion to this cause, and my interest in it, dates back years further than the signing of any written pledge. My mind turns back to-night from this brilliant audience in this council hall of the nation to a scene 32 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. over twenty years ago, when I first stepped on the threshold of manhood. I stood by the death-bed of a young friend of the same temperament, of the same habits, associations, and surroundings as myself in that Western State to which I had emigrated, and there witnessed that saddest of all scenes, his soul tearing itself away from the clay tenement which encased it, amid the wild ravings and agonizing shrieks of that most terrible and fearful of all diseases, delirium tretnens. Fighting imaginary reptiles and demons, imprecat- ing the name of his Creator, his soul passed away. And there, at his death-bed, I resolved, God being my helper, never to follow in the road that both of us had trodden up to that time, but on which he had advanced so much more rapidly than myself. [Applause.] This demon, insatiate in its demands, finds its victims everywhere the gifted as well as the illiterate the powerful as well as the humble the honorable as well as the debased; and sometimes, as though, like Death, loving a shining mark, you find his trail in the forum of the jurist, in the national halls of legislation aye, even in the sacred desk. The young man just starting out on the pathway of an active life, the middle-aged, with his mind ripened and matured, and even the venerable man, tottering into the grave, are among the victims of this insatiable monster. It is well, therefore, that we should organize against him. More destructive than a hostile army ravaging your land, for that strikes but at the life of your body, while this strikes at the life of your soul. Most especially wise, too, to organize here ; for, if anywhere in this broad land, the assembled Senators and Representatives who are here in these halls to legislate for all the best interests of this continental domain, washed by the two great oceans of the globe, with the millions now within our jurisdiction, and the millions who are yet to come when we have passed THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 33 away here should they have clear heads and sober minds. And, sir, I am proud to say that from that chair for days, weeks, months, and even years, looking into the faces of my fellow-members here, I say, before God and my fellow-men, that in the twelve years of public service in this Capitol, I have never seen less intoxication dishonoring this Hall than in this Congress which is now closing. [Applause.] But, sir, as this monster sweeps on in his horrid triumph, he gathers his trophies everywhere. Go out into the broad land with me, and look upon them. You will find them in the squalid hovels bereft of every comfort. You will find them in starving, destitute, dependent families. You will find them in that ever-moving, never-ceasing procession going to the unhappy drunkards' grave ; in the poor-houses throughout our land ; in the penitentiaries, where the victim, branded by the very society that allowed him to be lured to his fall, atones with shaven head and felon garb for the crime he com- mitted under the influence of intoxication. You will find its trophies on the gallows, with the victims hanging between heaven and earth, as if not fit for either; and, sad as all the rest, in the darkened intellects of those who survive. If I had but a single word to say to the young before I closed, I would remind them of that striking remark of Pythagoras, the Samian sage, who said that the paths of virtue and vice were like the letter Y ; starting from the same point, they soon diverge to the right and the left. These two pathways are before you as you enter into this stern conflict with life. One is broad and plain ; with God's sunlight shining on your footsteps ; but the other is full of stumbling-blocks, rugged and craggy with the tangled wild- wood, with hidden pitfalls and overhanging precipices, and when you start upon that road, God only knows what is to be your end. 2* 34: THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. One gentleman to-night spoke about our personal duty to our fellow-men. Is it not devolving upon us, binding upon our hearts and consciences, and dare we turn away and leave our fellow-man as we see him hurrying down this declivity to what we know must be the end? No, sir. The answer comes to us as the question itself comes, through the proces- sion of centuries from the birth-place of mankind, "Am I my brother's keeper, helper, guide, and friend ?" There is one beautiful remark in the Alcoran of Mahomet, when speaking of cases like this, that approaches the doctrines we believe that has in it the essence of true Christianity and advanced civilization even for this nineteenth century. Said Mahomet, " When a man dies, the people, as they bury him out of their sight, will ask, " What property has he left behind him ? (and they do it to this day;) but the angels, as they bend over his grave, will inquire, What good deeds hast thou sent before thee ?" Here is the cause in which you can gather up these good deeds, which shall shine like stars in the firmament for- ever. If you can turn back but one erring brother, oh, the happiness when you can feel that your own eiforts have restored the bloom of happiness and of joy to the pallid cheek of her who was worse than widowed ! Leonidas, as Senator Yates has said, stood in the pass with his Spartan band, and by heroic self-sacrifice turned back the foe, and his fame and his name will live, from the rivers to the ends of the earth, forever. But if you stand in the path- way between sobriety and intemperance, and turn back your deluded and self-destroying brother-man, your glory in the Hereafter shall be brighter even than that of Leonidas, for you have saved not only your brother, but perhaps his undying soul. [Applause.] THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 35 ADDRESS OF HON. J. B. GRINNELL, Of Iowa. LADIES AND GEVTLEMEX In listening to the glowing pictures of restored men and society reformed, I am reminded of that incident in the classic era of Greece when it was pro- posed that there should be a monument erected and the lovers of art were invited to make a contribution to national glory, when Phidias came forward to say, " What my brothers have proposed I have accomplished." Now I make no personal allusion, not being worthy of the compliment bestowed on me by the Chairman ; yet I desire to say that I come from the State of Iowa, representing it in part in this House, and can say that in this cause I transfer all to her that has taken the lead in our cause of the States in this Union. I know you will rejoice to learn this of that young State, lying between the father and the mother of waters, beautiful in nature, grand in proportion, prosperous and growing, to be the fair abode for millions. A few years ago I left the city of Xew York, where I could not cross Broadway very con- veniently, and went where I could, and where I need not be troubled with the chronic intemperance of that city. I found such a place on the prairies of Iowa. I made my home three miles from any inhabitant. Taking possession of a little tract of land there, we laid out a town, and said to ourselves, by the blessing of God there shall never be here that w T hich was the known cause of the poverty and disgrace of the great city of New York no land where a groggery could stand. [Applause.] Twelve years have passed, and from that small beginning is formed a village made by enterprise and the 36 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. railroad, and where there has never been one drop of liquor openly exposed for sale. Sir, we are prospered in that. God has been with us, and sent there noble men and nobler women. They have been with us in devotion from the beginning, and when I have seen them there, and witnessed their endurance when I know how their hearts beat in sympathy with us, and that they are with us to-night I am reminded of the highest compliment I ever heard, and it was by a son of the Emerald Isle, who, just landed, hearing an orator speak in most eloquent and glowing terms of woman, said to his friend, " O, Patrick, by my soul, if I had not been a man, would I not love to have been a woman !" The tem- perance people of Iowa have the co-operation of the ladie?, to whom the eloquence of man can't do justice. The judicial district in which I reside, embracing one hundred thousand people, is comparatively free from intoxication. What are the results ? Not a gateway there to the abodes of poverty and woe, and we may soon have State's prison room to let. We have already in our insane asylum taken in the unfor- tunate insane from Minnesota, and we may take in also some unfortunates from abroad. There are few in our jails and poor-houses, and I am informed by the judge of my district that he has not tried a man for murder during six years. It is a glorious fact, too, that when the year 1867 began, every State officer aye, from governor down, including the supreme judges and the clerks, and all connected with the State departments pledged themselves to one another, on their honor as gentlemen, that they would abide by the temperance pledge in not touching, tasting, or countenancing this poison. [Applause.] I wish all our States may have such a record. I do not wish to boast of the Hawkeyes, but desire rather to give facts for your encouragement. Our colleges were never TfTE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 37 so flourishing ; a greater number are found in the schools and churches ; an increase of hundreds of thousands of acres of virgin soil are being turned over each year. We hope in this Congress there will be no efforts made for cheap whisky. The higher the better ; better to have five and ten dollar whisky than anything lower for our rural population. "We should see not how much duty can be got out of whisky, but, like Gladstone, England's financier, how little we should have, and how much duty can be got from that little. That is a temperance measure that will subserve morals everywhere. I have seen the effects of whisky. I have not the experience of a reformed drunkard, but I have marked its woes and desolations. It is a poison. There is a universal prescription in a new country based on the philosophy similia similibus eurantur, and when a man is bitten by a rattlesnake or a copperhead, an application of whisky will save him and the poorer whisky it is, the better for that purpose. There is no poison of the rattlesnake or the copperhead that can withstand this villainous compound ; it drives it out. But there was a man harvesting who had been bitten in his finger, and his arm. began to swell, and he inquired what should be done, and the first thing they brought him was whisky. He would not use it. They reasoned with him ; his arm had swollen to his shoulder. They said : " You will die ; take the whisky ; don't be a fool." But said he : " Let the arm swell ; let me die ; I have been poisoned by whisky twenty years ; I loathe it ; and if I am to die, God helping me, I will die a sober man." [Applause.] He desired to go to his Creator in his right mind. There was another remedy, and he was saved, and shall have historic rank with the noble Senator pledged from Elinois. Sir, the earth shook under that tread which has just destroyed the slavery of millions, and let this wide land, 38 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. without the clangor of arms, be blest by the emancipation of other millions from the thralldom of the cup of intoxica- tion. [Applause.] ADDRESS OF HON. J. W. PATTERSON, Of Neiv Hampshire. MR. PRESIDENT I should hardly feel justified in detaining this audience at so late an hour. Indeed, perhaps, I ought not to speak on the subject of temperance at all, for I know very well that people much prefer specimens from a ruined city for essays on its fallen glories. I could but think that I was of very little account in this temperance movement, while listening to the eloquent words which have already been spoken to this audience, for while the thoughts and actions of others are inspired by the enthusiasm of a new birth in the cause, I learned my temperance from a sainted mother in childhood. The Senator who addressed us, said that the inebriate who conquered his appetites did a nobler and a grander work than the Spartan band at the Pass of Ther- mopylaa, and it occurred to me that these same Spartans raised a stone lion there at the gates of Thermopyla?, that all passers-by in the future might remember the heroic daring of Leonidas and his three hundred. But I think we have raised here a nobler monument than the Greeks raised at the gates of Thermopylae, for we place before you a Spartan himself: " Arid the elements So mix in him, that nature might stand up And say to all the world, this is a man." I suppose it is not the purpose of the Society, in holding THE CONGRESSIONAL 'JEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 39 these meetings and allowing ten-minute speeches, to discuss at length the principles that underlie the temperance cause, but simply to express to the great people whom we represent in the farthest extremity of the nation, our sympathy with the grand uprising which we see in every portion of the land to show to them that their representatives are ready to co-operate with them in doing what may be done to save our people from the moral destruction which seems to overshadow the land. You know very well that the temperance cause has been somewhat interrupted for the last four or five years. While our young men, our able-bodied men, from every sec. tion and State of the nation have been battling to save the Union, and while thus engaged have been exposed to the dangers of the camp and the march, they have been almost necessitated to the use of intoxicating drinks as a support in the midst of their trials and hardships. As a consequence, appetites have been kindled in many of these brave fellows. It is not strange it is a common, but fearful result of war. They have now returned to their old homes and industries, and must be made to feel again the saving power of their influence. They are made of too good stuff to be lost to society and the great interests of the age. Men who had the moral power to stand and fight in the fire-sheeted field of Gettysburg, when grape and shrapnell rained upon them ; who advanced the loyal banner along the fiery gauntlet with Sherman, till they planted it upon the defenses and churches of Atlanta, and viscounted the traitorous confederacy from the river to the sea ; men who could cut that swath of death through the Wilderness, fighting a month of battles in as many days ; who could fold their cordon of fire around the doomed capital of rebellion, and smother treason on the very birthplace of liberty, are too good for drunkards. [Applause.] 40 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. It is our purpose to save these defenders of liberty, as the strength and beauty of this generation, and the glory of those who shall come after them. We would save them to their friends, their country, and the cause of civilization. I know it is very common for men to say of those who are engaged in this cause, that they are Utopian dreamers. Now, I re- member, sir, in 1834, when James Buckingham brought into the English Parliament a resolution for the appointment of a committee to investigate the cause, extent, and evils of a too free use of intoxicating drinks, that a sneer and a titter arose in that assembly of English law-makers, and many members left the room because they would not be annoyed with such nonsense. But that great, honest, eloquent man brought to bear upon them the evils which intemperance had inflicted upon his country in such glowing terms, showed them so clearly that a hundred millions of pounds sterling were annu- ally lost to the nation by the use of intoxicating drinks; showed them that sixty thousand of the best men of England went to an untimely grave every year from its use ; demon- strated so impressively to them that what Sir Matthew Hale said was true, that fom--fifths of the criminals of the land were made so by intoxicating drinks ; that the noblest intellect and the purest affections went down and became imbruted by its use, that they who began with a titter ended with tears, and the committee was appointed from the best men in Parlia- ment, and one of the ablest reports ever made upon the subject was made by them. The evil has not been lessened in our day. We are some- times told that we ought not to attempt to curtail the use of whisky or intoxicating drinks, because a large portion of the revenue of the country is raised from whisky ; and, they say those men who are engaged in the business are among the most honorable men. Honorable men! In the last year THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 41 they have cheated the Government out of fifty millions of revenue. When we should have had eighty millions, AVC have had less than thirty. They first cheated the Govern- ment out of this revenue, then they raised the price of the article as high as the increased tariff would allow, and so cheat the victims of their nefarious business both in their taxes and the indulgence of their appetites. "Would it not be vastly better, both for the wealth and the morals of our people, if the raw products from which whisky is manufactured were used directly in commerce, or in some productive consump- tion ? Men who would engage in this traffic are the allies of every crime and the enemies of every virtue. [Applause.] But I must not detain you. I shall only say this, that our object is to save the young men of the country their bodies and their souls. It is a great and difficult work, for all the literature of the past has intrenched men in the use of wine and strong drink. Why, old Pindar sings its praises, and Horace has his " Nunc est bibendum, nutic pede libero, Pulsanda tellus." Genius and beauty, eloquence and art, have immortalized this shame of men. But we wish to turn away from this false basis, and commence a career more honorable and glori- ous to our people. Others have enlarged upon the sorrows of domestic life, the sufferings of the innocent and the helpless, the burdens and deprivations of society which flow from this bitter source, but I urge now simply the lower consideration of physical pres- ervation a sound body as the essential of a sound mind. This strong and beautiful organism is the cunning workman- ship of a Divine hand, and the channel through which invisible ideas and spiritual forces pass into the framework of nature 42 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. and of history the instrument by which mind and Deity work their miracles of art and civilization. To us is com- mitted the responsibility of preserving and beautifying this temple of the invisible. Once given over to strong drink, and it becomes a ruin and a shame. The dissipations of a single winter demoralized and ruined a victorious army at Capua. In time, it will stamp feebleness and decay upon a whole people. Do nothing in this cause, and your five hun- dred thousand drunkards will be the progenitors of an ener- vated and besotted nation. This generation should not only give to the future its brilliant record, but a race of children who can advance upon the achievements of the fathers, and cause the glory of the past to dim in the splendor of their works. Not liberty only, but civilization and the Christian faith, are to be. committed to the custody of our posterity. How shall this great work be accomplished ? Ordinarily, men can not conquer appetites by force of will. To attempt to dash the cup from the lips by a volition is vain. You may as weh 1 attempt to hold the planets by threads of gossamer. The wild war-horses of passion will not be thus curbed and tamed. You must put upon them the rein of some force in the soul stronger than the appetite you would conquer. Pleasure will become as circumspect as a saint under the love of gain ; close-fisted avarice becomes prodigal when the love of power awakes in the soul ; but ambition, avarice, pleasure, all passions become as submissive as children when the voice of God is heard in the heart calling us to the loftier duties of our Christian faith. Here is the secret of power, the shibboleth of success. It is by inspiring our whole population with some higher motive than the gratification of sense, that we shall accom- plish the work which we have set before us. The sentiments of men must be regenerated and concentrated upon the work. THE CONGRESSIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 43 The spirit of an age is the power which revolutionizes its cus- toms and its institutions. This is that " Mystery in the soul of state Which hath an operation more divine Than our mere chroniclers dare meddle with." We seek to save millions of young men who will command the labor and hundreds of millions of the productive capital of the country. It is that our country may not become poor and our future population enfeebled and miserable as the old Greeks and Romans did under the influence of luxury, and so give up their liberties and their greatness to some more vir- tuous but less cultivated people, that we devote ourselves to this work. It is the future, as well as the present, that we are battling for, and it is a noble cause the most glorious that we can labor in and they who sneer, and say we are fanatical and Quixotic, have not yet reached the conception of the highest good, and can not comprehend the great in- terests of their time. [Applause.] After singing by the children, under the charge of Mr. VAN METER, of New York, the assembly was dismissed. "It Is an Illustrated Cyclopedia." ,8s manifested in ^emper t ament and xtei;nal ^o^ms, especially in the $uman Uface Bivine. and f S. R. LARGE 12mo, 768 pp., WITH MORE THAN 1,000 ENGRAVINGS. Illustrating Physiognomy, Anatomy, Physiology, Ethnology, Phrenology and Natural History. ft COMPREHENSIVE, thorough and practical Work, In which all that Is known on <&! the Subject treated is Systematized, Explained, Illustrated and applied. Phy- siognomy is hero shown to be no more fanciful speculation, but a consistent and well- considered system of Character-Heading, bused on the established Truths of Physiology and Phrenology, and confirmed by Ethnology, as well as by the Peculiarities of Indi- viduals. It is no abstraction but something to be made useful: something to be practiced by everybody, and in all places, and made an efficient help in that noblest of all studies the study of man. It is readily understood and as readily applied. The following are some of the leading topics discussed in this great illustrated work. Previous Systems given, including those of all ancient and modern writers. General Principles of Physiognomy, or the 1'hysiological laws on which char- acter reading is and must be based. Temperaments. The Ancient Doc- t-ines Spurzhiem's Description The New Classification now iu use here. ' Practical Physiognomy. General Forms of Faces The Eyes, the Mouth, the Nose, the Chin, the Jaws and Teeth, tho Cheeks, the Forehead, the Hair and Beurd the Com;>iexion, the Neck and Ears, I he Hands and Feet, the Voice, the Walk, the Laugh, tho Mode of Shaking HamlR, Dress, etc., with illustrations. Ethnology. The Races, including the Caucasian, the North American Indians, the Me ngolian, the Malay, and the Afri- can, with their numerous subdivisions; also Ni.tional Types, each Illustrated. Physiognomy Applied To Marriage, to the Training of Children, to Personal Improvement to Business, to Insanity and Idiocy, to Health and Disease, to Classes and Professions, to Personal Im- Srovement, and to Character Reading enerally. Utility of Physiognomy. Animal Types. Grades of IntolH- ?ence, Instinct and Reason Animal leads and Animal Types among Men. Graphomancy. Character Revealed in Hand- Writing with Specimens Palmis- try. "Line of Life" in the human hand. Character Reading. More than a hun- dred noted Men and Women Introduced What Physiognomy says of them. The Great Secret. How to be Healthy and How to be Beautiful Mental Cos- metics very interesting, very useful. Aristotle and St. Paul. A Model Head Views of Life Illustrative Anec- dotes. Detecting a rogue by his face. No tae can read this Book without interest, without real profit. "Knowledge is power,'" and this Is emphatically true of a knowledge of men of human character. He who has It Is " master of the situation ;" and anybody may have it who will, and find in it the "secret of success" and the road to the largest personal improvement Prior, in ono large Volume, of nearly 800 pages, anil more than 1,000 TCneravinirp, on toned paper, handsomely bound in embosse.l muslin $5 00; in heavy ca f, marbled rdiri-K. $8 00; Turkey moroccn, full gilt, $10 00. Aie-its mav do wi'll to rvmvass for this work. ^e;it I'ri-e on receipt of price. Please address GEO. F. 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The Philadelphia Press says : Mr. Wells has put the thought, the practical experience, the close observ- ation, and the professional collection of a life-time into this important physiological work. He treats, as Lavater did, of Physi- ognomy, shows its harmony with Phre- nology, and explains, to elucidate both sciences, the whole structure of the human body. He treats of temperaments, and contrasts the separate features of various human races, showing also how character is affected by climate. Very curious, too, are his illustrations of comparative Physi- ognomy, showing the animal types of the human race. The price of the work is $5. A. familiar chapter on Phrenol- ogy is introduced, and then follows one on the anatomy of the face, with a close analysis of each feature. First, the chin. No otic will dispute Mr. Wells as to the infinite variety of chins ; but we are sure nnny will be startled to hoar that this un- pretending terminus of the face has been quietly telling theii love secrets. The jaws and teeth also tell their own tales of* character. " The closest mouth can hide no secrets from the physiognomist." The Anti-Slavery Standard. The treatise of Mr. Wells, which is admirably printed and profusely illus- trated, is probably the most complete hand-book upon the subject in the lan- guage. It contains a synopsis of the his- tory of Physiognomy, with notices of all the different systems which have been pro- mulgated, and" critical examinations of the eyes, the noses, the mouths, the cars, and the brows of many distinguished and noto- rious characters. New York Tribune. It contains a treatise on every feature and whatever indicates peculiarity of character, the knowledge of which re- quires appropriate education to bring into subjugation and be made to answer a good end, without which it would mar and in- jure the pleasures of life. All who can afford to possess this compendium will have value received for the expense. New York Christian Intelligencer. It is a digest of Ethnology, it gives us the symptomatology of insanity, it treats of Physiology and 'Hygiene, and, incidentally, of Zoology. The chapter on the grades of intelligence is instructive, and that on comparative Physiognomy is exceedingly entertaining. American Edu- cational Monthly. There are very few men or wo- men who do not, consciously or uncon- sciously, practice Physiognomy every day of their lives. They may ridicule the idea that the shape of a man's head, the config- uration of his nose, or the appearance of his eyes, furnish any guide to an estimate of his character or disposition, and yet the man of business will refuse an applicant employment because his glance is restless and uneasy instead of firm and decided; and every lady will quietly but quickly form her judgment regarding the gentle- man who may be presented to her at an evening party. New York Times. UC SOUTHERN RE See What They Say ! TP1IE PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL AND LIFE ILLUSTRATED is a handsome * quarto, published monthly, devoted to the SCIENCE OF MAN, including PHBESOLOOY, PHYSIOLOGY, PHYSIOGNOMY, PSYCHOLOGY, ETUXOLOQY, SOCIOLOGY, etc. It is the only Journal of the kind in America, or, indeed, in the world. Terms only $3 a year in ad- vance. Samples 30 cte. Address SAMUEL E. WELLS, 3S9 Broadway, New York. EDITORIAL AND OTHER NOTICES. Its typographical appearance U neat, find each number fa profusely lUramted. This Ma^aiine, now ably edited by Mr. S. R. Wells, ha steadily grown in pnbli'e favor, and lu counsel* on subjects pertaining to himith, educa- tion and physical culture are sound, timely and em- phatic. It was among the earliest journals In this country to discuss these subject* in a popular and con- vincing manner, and in addition to iu speciality of Phrenology, it contains a {Trent deal of curious and in- teresting matter. JV. Y. Evening Pott. Few books will better repay perusal in the family thsn this rich storehouse of Instruction and entertainment, which never fails to Illustrate the practical philosophy of life, with Its lively expositiens, appropriate anecdote* and agreeable sketches of distinguiabwd individuals. N. Y.Tribunt. It takes oi longer to read this periodical Ulan any other wnich corner to our offio*. Its articles are vat ioua and interesting, and beneficial to the intellc-ct ami mo- rality of ths readers. Rtligiaui Iltrald, Uartfvrd. Perhtipe no publication In the country Is guided by clearnr common tense or more self-reliant Independence. Certainly none seem better designed to promote the health, happiness and usefulness of its readers ; and, al- though w yearb old), who hail iu com- ing with shouts, and will sit an hour turning the pages and examining the faces as carefully as many a " child of an older growth." Pardon my intruding npon your precious time with so long a letter, my heart was full and I could not help It. Gratefully and respectfully, Mrs. . I can not do without your excellent Journal. It b Indispensable to those in the ranks of the Christian min- istry. lUv. S. M. I would not lose the Journal for |10 a year. J. E. B. As a family, we all feel that we cannot give np the A. P. J, lor Its pleasant face and Interesting converse serves to brighten and make more warn and genial our happy fireside. It helps attract our dear boys to their homo these long winter evenings, and keeps them away from pnblis places of evil influences, therefore send it by all means to Mrs. H. J. S. I would be unwilling to exchange It for any periodical I know of. A H. A. Were It four dollars a year Instead of three, I could withdraw my name from your list cf subscribers. M. Z. C. I do not know how I can possibly get along without It. 8. R. H. Your Journal Is appreciated, not only by us, bnt by 001 neighbors who have read and re-read mem until the num- bers are quite worn. E. U. r*v^ "AND ^^$/ UFEIJLLyiTiWIP. ' DEVOTED TO Ethnology, Physiology, Phrenology, Psychology, Socialogy, Education, Art, Literature, with measures to Reform, I Elevate and Improve Mankind Physi- cally, Mentally and Spiritually. :E=l- "WEIJT-jS, Eciitoi-. Biography. In connection with, Portraits and Practical Delineations of Char- acter of our most distinguished men. Marriage forms a part oi (.lie life of every well organized human being. The ele- ment> of love are inborn. The objects ot Ma.riage stated. All young people require instruction and direction in the selection of suitable life-companions. Phrenology throws light on the subject. Let us consult it. The Choice of Pursuits. How to select a pursuit to which a person is Functions, the Temperaments, Location of best adapted ; Law, Medicine, Divinity, In- the Organs, Choice of Pursuits, etc.. given, vention ; Mechanics; Agriculture; Manu- facturing ; Commerce, etc. " Let us put the right man in the right place." miscellaneous. Churches, The Study and Improve- ment of Man iu all his Relations is our object. The Natural History of Wan including the Manners. Customs, Religions ind Modes of Life in different Families, Tribes and Nations will be given. Physiology, the Laws of Life ind Health, including Dietetics, Exercise, Sleep, Study, Bodily Growth, etc., will be jresented on strictly Hygienic principles. Phrenology. The Brain and its Physiognomy; or, "The Human Face Divine, wnh " Signs of Character, and How to Read Them" scientifically. The Human Soul Psychol- ogy. Its Nature, Office and Condition in Life and Dea.h ; Man's Spiritual State in the Here and in the Hereafter. Very interesting. Schools, Prisons, Asylums, Hospitals, Refor- matories, etc., described with Modes of Wor- ship. Education, Training, and Treatment, riven in the new vol. of THE PHRENO',OOICA.L lOURNAL AND LIFE ILLUSTRATED. Terms. A New Volume, the 46th, commences with the July Number. Published monthly, in quarto forms, at $3 a year in advance. Sample numbers sent )y first post, 30 cents. Clubs of Ten or more, $2.00 each per copy. Subscribe now. \ PLEASE ADDRESS SAMUEL K. WELLS, 2STO- 389 BIRO-A.ITW.A.Y, NEW YORK, U. S. A.