V 
 
 AH- 
 
 UC-NRLF 
 
 ^B 313 31E 
 
 Manual FOR Officess 
 
 IRVING ON 3.^0 AliD 
 
 fl ^. (IR'JISISG TRAINIG SHIPS 
 
 vVASHINGTON 
 
 
^J^ 
 
 OF THK 
 
 University of California. 
 
 '■d Of^j^f. .189^.. 
 
 Receivet 
 
 Accession No. / Y^ S^ - Class No. 
 
Manual for Officers 
 
 SERVING ON BOARD 
 
 U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 
 
 1899. 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 GOVEHXMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
 
 1899. 
 
'//3.S' 
 
 h 
 
 7; 2.8-^ 
 
NAVY DEPARTMENT, 
 
 Bureau of Navigation, 
 
 Washington, D. C, June 5, 1899. 
 
 The within manual, compiled by Commander John J. Hunker, 
 U. S. N. , modified in some details by the Bureau of Navigation, 
 for the United States cruising training ships, is approved. 
 
 In making a cruise to the West Indies or Europe, the ports 
 visited will be determined by the prevailing winds. 
 
 A. S. Crowninshield, 
 
 Chief of Bureau. 
 
 (3) 
 
U. S. S. "Annapolis," Third Rate, 
 Navy Yard, Norfolk, Va., May 25, 1889. 
 
 Sir : In obedience to Bureau's letter of March 22, 1899, the fol- 
 lowing report is respectfully submitted, giving the results of 
 my experience while in command of the training ship Annapolis 
 and the methods followed in training apprentices during two 
 winter cruises in the West Indies. 
 
 2. In accordance with the wishes of the Btireau, these notes 
 and suggestions have been indexed and arranged in the form of 
 a guide or manual, so that if the Bureau so desires they can be 
 published for the information and guidance of commanding offi- 
 cers of training ships. 
 
 3. With regard to the itinerary, a list of the ports considered 
 best adapted for training ships is given, with a few additional 
 items of importance not found in the sailing directions. Lists 
 of questions in all branches of seamanship, gunnery, signals, etc., 
 are given, covering information and knowledge considered essen- 
 tial in the instruction and training of apprentices ; th^ method 
 of organization is described; the daily and weekly routine of 
 drills and exercises, the best places for target practice and for 
 landing shore parties are named ; the daily bill of fare for one 
 month in home waters and one month in foreign waters is given 
 in detail ; the subjects of discipline, hygiene, liberty, and liberty 
 money are touched upon ; the clothing outfit, punishment, and 
 demerit schedule, and all matters relating to the training of 
 apprentices in cruising training ships are set down as they were 
 carried out on the Annapolis during the winters of 1897-98 and 
 1898-99. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 J. J. Hunker, 
 Commander, U. S. N., Commanding. 
 
 The Chief of Bureau of Navigation, 
 
 Navy Department, Washington, D. C. 
 
 (5) 
 
INDKX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Organization _ _ .-. 9 
 
 The cruise - 12 
 
 First instruction 13 
 
 Seamanship _ 14 
 
 Ordnance and gunnery 28 
 
 Signals 37 
 
 Sail and spar exercise 39 
 
 Discipline 44 
 
 Hygiene -._ -_ 45 
 
 The mess and paymaster's department 46 
 
 Punishment and demerit schedule . - - 61 
 
 Routine of drills and instruction -.. 63 
 
 Cleaning routine 69 
 
 Itinerary 69 
 
 The Bailey Medal '. 75 
 
 (7) 
 
MANUAL FOR OFFICERS ON BOARD TRAINING SHIPS. 
 
 ORGAI^IZATIOI^. 
 
 1. When a ship is commissioned for the training ser\nce she 
 will be completely equipped with crew, stores, coal, etc. , before 
 receiving the apprentices on board. 
 
 2. When the boys are received on board from the -training 
 station, they should be taught the names of the sails, the lead of 
 the ropes, and where to find them. All other instructions should 
 give way to this. They should be kept at sail exercise until they 
 are proficient enough to make and reduce sail promptly at sea. 
 
 3. The apprentices are evenly divided into starboard and port 
 watches, and again into divisions. The gun crews are made up 
 wholly of apprentices and all the guns are manned. 
 
 4. In the landing force, with the exception of the sergeants, 
 who are petty officers, the divisions of apprentices form the sec- 
 tions of infantry or field artillery. 
 
 5. The crews of the boats, excepting the steam launch, are 
 made up of apprentices selected equally from each watch and 
 each division. 
 
 6. The apprentices mess and live together and are berthed 
 apart from crew. 
 
 7. The crew proper is also divided into two watches and three 
 divisions for working ship, and forms the navigator's, the powder, 
 and the engineer divisions. 
 
 8. The chief petty officers mess together. The petty officers of 
 the first and second class are also divided into watches and di\4- 
 sions for working ship. They mess and berth together in parts 
 of the ship most convenient for the performance of their duties. 
 The petty officers of the third class, seamen and landsmen, not 
 cooks, are also watched and divided among the divisions for 
 working ship. They mess and berth together. The engineer's 
 force are also watched and divided among the divisions for work- 
 ing ship. They mess and berth together. 
 
 (9) 
 
10 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 9. Numbers are given according to the watches and divisions 
 to which the men al'e assigned ; thus all those of the first division 
 have numbers beginning with 1 ; the second division beginning 
 with 2, as 21, 211, etc. ; the third division with 3, as 31, 35, etc. 
 The second part of a man's number denotes his number in his 
 division; thus the figures of his watch, No. 113, would show that 
 he was No. 13 in the first division of the starboard watch. 
 
 10. The arrangement of the apprentices into divisions is a very 
 convenient one. It furnishes also a simple and convenient 
 method for shifting the apprentices from one part of the, ship 
 to another. 
 
 11. Apprentices are detailed as boatswain's mates, captains of 
 tops, coxswains, quartermasters, gunner's mates, corporals of the 
 guard, signal boys, and orderlies. A fresh detail is made every 
 two weeks, so that all can reap the advantages. 
 
 12. Placing boys in positions of trust and authority matures 
 them and strengthens their character by encouraging habits of 
 self-reliance and responsibility. At the same time their pride 
 stimulates them to apply themselves in order to acquire the 
 knowledge necessary to perform their duties. As boatswain's 
 mates and captains of tops they must have a practical and inti- 
 mate knowledge of all that relates to sails, rigging, etc. ; as 
 coxswains they take pride in the handling of their boats; as 
 quartermasters they keep the columns in the log book and 
 become familiar with reading the thermometer, barometer, pat- 
 ent log, compass, etc. , and as gunner's mates they assist in the 
 care and preservation of the guns and small arms and acquire 
 much practical knowledge. 
 
 13. Each division of apprentices is divided into two messes, 
 one in each watch. The mess crews form at the sound of the 
 bugle on the port or lee side of the quarter-deck five minutes 
 before meals. The gun captains dress the line, muster the boys, 
 and march to the front and report absentees to the officer of the 
 deck, under whose direct supervision the formation is made. 
 The crews are marched in succession to the tables below, good 
 behavior and order at tables being maintained by the chief mas- 
 ter at arms and commissary yeoman. The tables are inspected 
 by the executive officer at least once a day and habitually by the 
 commissary yeoman ; frequent inspections are also made by the 
 commanding officer, every precaution being taken to see that the 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 11 
 
 fare is well chosen, well cooked, and well served. As the por- 
 tions of each apprentice are served separately, mess gear is spread 
 twenty minutes before meals. The crew proper are piped to 
 meals in the nsual way. 
 
 14. While in the tropics the pea coats and rubber boots should 
 be packed in bags and stowed away for safe-keeping until the 
 return north. Working suits over thick woolen underclothing 
 should be habitually worn. Shoes should be worn only at Sun- 
 day inspection and while on liberty on shore, and neckerchiefs 
 discarded while at sea. They are expensive and easily ruined ; 
 they are, moreover, in the way while working, especially when 
 aloft. Shoes, also, are soon either lost or ruined by the salt 
 water, and are likewise expensive. As a matter of fact, boys 
 are much more active, especially aloft, when barefooted, and are 
 less likely, too, to lose their hold. One good pair of shoes well 
 cared for last a boy a whole cruise. 
 
 15. They should have, in addition to the outfit on hand when 
 transferred to the training ship, a suit of white mustering clothes 
 for dress. These are inexpensive and add much to their comfort 
 in the warm weather of the tropics. This enables them to save 
 their rather costly blue mustering clothes, a matter of much im- 
 portance, considering their other wants and their small pay. 
 
 16. Frequent inspections of the bags and hammocks must be 
 made, and clean clothes, clean blankets, and mattress covers in- 
 sisted upon. Boys must also be required to keep their clothes in 
 good repair. The bedding must be inspected and thoroughly 
 aired once a week, the blankets hung on the line by themselves. 
 Nothing is more important than habits of neatness and cleanli- 
 ness. Boys, with a little care and attention on the part of the 
 officers, soon become models in this respect. 
 
 17. Apprentices report on board training ships with the follow- 
 ing outfit of clothing received at the training station. They 
 should be required to keep this number always on hand, replacing 
 from the paymaster's stores on board articles worn-out or lost : 
 
 One overcoat. Three working suits (white). 
 
 One pair trousers (blue). Two blankets (single). 
 
 One overshirt (blue). Two mattress covers. 
 
 Two undershirts (blue). One bag. 
 
 Two neckerchiefs. One lanyard. 
 
13 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 One whisk broom. Two pairs shoes. 
 
 One pair leggings. Two pairs socks. 
 One blacking brush and black- One mattress. 
 
 ing. One hammock. 
 
 Sixty clothes stops. Two pairs rubber boots. 
 
 One scrub brush. Three bars soap. 
 
 Two pairs drawers. One package needles. 
 
 One jersey. One spool (white) thread. 
 
 Two watch caps. One spool (black) thread. 
 
 Two white hats. One rubber blanket. 
 
 One cloth cap. Three apprentice marks. 
 
 The following articles are added when they report on board 
 the cruising training ship : 
 
 One white mustering suit. ' One knife. 
 One suit rain clothes. One cap ribbon. 
 
 Toward the end of the cruise a blue mustering suit is also 
 added, usually made by the ship's tailor, to be worn when going 
 on leave. 
 
 The moment articles of clothing are drawn they should be 
 plainly marked with the owner's name with the stencil furnished 
 for this purpose. 
 
 WINTER'S CRUISE. 
 
 1. The fact that the West Indies and the region for a consider- 
 able distance north and south lie entirely within the trade-wind 
 belt renders it, in winter, an ideal one for the training service, 
 and allows sailing vessels to visit almost any of either the Wind- 
 ward or Leeward islands and the more easterly ports on the 
 Spanish Main. Vessels carry steady leading winds sailing north 
 and south, it being only necessary to provide against falling too 
 far to leeward, the strong trades and currents, which set to the 
 westward throughout the whole region, making it a difficult 
 matter to beat to windward. 
 
 2. Sailing from Newport, the first port should be Barbados; 
 from there it is a fair wind to St. Lucia and Martinique, and 
 standing north again from either of these ports, St. Kitts, Santa 
 
f orn» \ 
 
 I ^XrVERSITY ) 
 
 U. S. CRUISING TRAINING Stfh^ g^ CAliFQBH'>^^ ^13 
 
 Cruz, St. Thomas, and San Juan, P. R., all agreeable, healthy 
 ports, with good anchorages conveniently near the shore, can be 
 easily reached under sail. From St. Thomas vessels can stand 
 across the Caribbean to La Guayra or Curagoa, and from there 
 north again to Kingston or Guantanamo. Both are in a good 
 weatherly position from which to sail to Florida Bay, Key West, 
 or home to Gardiner's Bay. If Trinidad is visited, sailing ves- 
 sels will find it difficult to fetch to windward as far as St. Thomas 
 on the return stretch to the northward. 
 
 3. Training ships making the winter cruise in the West Indies 
 should start from Newport about the 1st of November. By that 
 time the hurricane season is over and settled weather prevails 
 south of Bermuda for the next seven or eight months. 
 
 4 Everything being in readiness, the ship should go to sea, 
 taking advantage, if possible, of the first northwester. These 
 usually last three or four days, and are strong enough to carry 
 the ship well to the southward and within the northern limits of 
 the northeast trades. 
 
 FIRST IXSTRUCTIOX 
 
 BAG AXD HAMMOCK. 
 
 1. To be able to sling a hammock, plaiting up the ends of the 
 nettles. 
 
 2. To hang a hammock up and secure the lashing properly. 
 
 3. To lash a hammock up and know the number of turns to 
 take with the lashing ; except for night quarters, or if the fire 
 bell should ring. 
 
 4. To stop apiece of clothes or hammock on a girtline or clothes- 
 line. 
 
 5. To fold up a piece of clothes for stowing in a bag, and to lay 
 out the whole kit for inspection. 
 
 6. To put in clothes stops. 
 
 7. To fold up bed blanket, mattress, and bed cover for inspec- 
 tion. 
 
 8. To scrub a hammock and wash clothes. 
 
 9. To use a thimble and needle and sew on a button. 
 
14 
 
 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 SEAMAN^SHIP. 
 
 To pass in Seamanship, apprentices must know the names of 
 and be able to point ont the following : 
 
 PARTS OF A SHIP. 
 
 Spar deck. 
 
 Gun deck. 
 
 Berth deck. 
 
 Hold. 
 
 Half deck. 
 
 Poop deck. 
 
 Forecastle. 
 
 Quarter-deck. 
 
 Bow. 
 
 Amidships. 
 
 Gangways. 
 
 Waterways. 
 
 Topgallant forecastle. 
 
 Knightheads. 
 
 Figureheads. 
 
 Limbers. 
 
 Double bottoms. 
 
 Steerage. 
 
 Wings. 
 
 Bread rooms. 
 
 Storerooms. 
 
 Tanks. 
 
 Magazines. 
 
 Shell rooms. 
 
 Bunkers. 
 
 Chain lockers. 
 
 Topsides. 
 
 Bulwarks. 
 
 Counter. 
 
 Stem. 
 
 Cutwater. 
 
 Forefoot. 
 
 Water-tight bulkheads. 
 
 Beams. 
 
 Sternpost. 
 
 Rudderpost. 
 
 Rudder. 
 
 Shoe. 
 
 Bow, stern. 
 
 Quarter. 
 
 Heel. 
 
 Keel. 
 
 Keelson. 
 
 False keel. 
 
 Bilge. 
 
 Bilge keels. 
 
 Bends. 
 
 Water line. 
 
 Manger. 
 
 Run. 
 
 Taffrail. 
 
 Bumpkin. 
 
 Hammock nettings. 
 
 Scuppers. 
 
 Ports. 
 
 Port sills. 
 
 Carlings. 
 
 Knees. 
 
 Stanchions. 
 
 Rudder. 
 
 Rudderpost. 
 
 SHIP'S FITTINGS. 
 
 Gratings. 
 
 Hatchways. 
 
 Combings. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 
 
 15 
 
 Hawse holes. 
 Bucklers. 
 Hawse pipes. 
 Chain pipes. 
 Chain bitts. 
 Compressors. 
 Capstan, 
 
 Topsail sheet bitts. 
 Fife rails. 
 Pin rails. 
 Belaying pins. 
 Eyebolts. 
 Cathead. 
 
 Fish boom or davit 
 Billboard. 
 Channels. 
 Horse block. 
 Chain plates. 
 Sea steps. 
 Apprentices must be able 
 
 Accommodation ladders. 
 
 Davits. 
 
 Hammock cloths. 
 
 Headboards. 
 
 Boom covers. 
 
 Shoe. 
 
 Bitts. 
 
 Shelf piece. 
 
 Scuttles. 
 
 Ringbolts. 
 
 Cleats. 
 
 Clevis bolts. 
 
 Companion ladders. 
 
 Cavils. 
 
 Manropes. 
 
 Wheel. 
 
 Wheel ropes. 
 
 Yoke or tiller. 
 
 to answer the following questions : 
 
 ANCHORS. 
 
 How many kinds? 
 
 Describe and name parts of — 
 
 Solid anchor. 
 
 Patent anchor. 
 
 Bower anchor. 
 
 Sheet anchor. 
 
 Stream anchor. 
 
 Kedge anchor. 
 
 Mushroom anchor. 
 
 Sea anchor. 
 
 Anchor shackle and jew's- 
 harp. 
 
 Balancing link. 
 
 Jury anchor. 
 
 A foul anchor. 
 
 A buoy ; its use, and how se- 
 cured to an anchor. 
 
 Cat and fish an anchor. 
 
 A ring stopper. 
 
 A shank painter. 
 
 Secure an anchor for sea. 
 
 Carry out a kedge; weigh a 
 kedge. 
 
 Kedging. 
 
 Warping. 
 
 CABLES. 
 
 State how long. 
 How divided and 
 nected. 
 
 how con- 
 
 How marked. 
 
 A swivel and its use. 
 
 A shackle and a pin. 
 
16 
 
 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 A forelock. 
 
 A club link. 
 
 A stud ; its use. 
 
 The bitter end ; how secured. 
 
 A stream chain. 
 
 How secure a rope cable to an 
 anchor. 
 
 Chain bitts. 
 
 Bitt a chain cable. 
 
 Range a chain cable. 
 
 Bring to the chain. 
 
 A stopper ; its use. 
 
 The compressor ; its use ; con- 
 troller, 
 
 A deck-stopper ; its use. 
 
 To veer chain ; surging. 
 
 Moor ship. 
 
 Let go an anchor. 
 
 Heave up an anchor. 
 
 A fish davit. 
 
 A fish hook. 
 
 A cat hook. 
 
 A capstan ; a windlass. 
 
 Moor ship ; unmoor ship. 
 
 An open hawse. 
 
 A foul hawse. 
 
 A cross. 
 
 An elbow. 
 
 A round turn. 
 
 A round turn and an elbow. 
 
 Clear the hawse. 
 
 Clear hawse pendant. 
 
 A mooring swivel ; its use. 
 
 A mooring buoy ; how anchored. 
 
 Flood tide. 
 Ebb tide. 
 High tide. 
 Half tide. 
 Low tide. 
 Slack water. 
 
 TIDES. 
 
 Spring tides. 
 Neap tides. 
 Weather tide. 
 Lee tide. 
 
 How many high 
 Low tides ? 
 
 tides a day? 
 
 Apprentices must be able to make and explain the following 
 
 Eye splice. 
 
 Short splice. 
 
 Long splice. 
 
 Grommet. 
 
 Cross seizing. 
 
 Quarter or flat seizing. 
 
 Parceling. 
 
 Serving. 
 
 Sword mat. 
 
 Throat seizing. 
 
 Wall and crovni. 
 
 Matthew Walker. 
 
 Sennit. 
 
 Racking. 
 
 Rose lashing. 
 
 Common whipping. 
 
 Worming. 
 
 To strap a block in all ways. 
 
 Apprentices must know the names of and the use of the follow- 
 ing: 
 
 BLOCKS. 
 
 Single. 
 Double. 
 
 Treble. 
 Clump. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 
 
 17 
 
 Brace. 
 
 
 Hanging. 
 
 Shoulder. 
 
 
 Fly. 
 
 Fiddle. 
 
 
 Deadeye. 
 
 Secret. 
 
 
 Fairleader. 
 
 Cat. 
 
 
 Swivels. 
 
 Heart. 
 
 
 Jeer block. 
 
 Fish. 
 
 
 Top block. 
 
 Patent. 
 
 
 Topgallant top block. 
 
 Sister. 
 
 
 Cheek block. 
 
 Snatch. 
 
 
 Dasher block. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 
 Enphroe. 
 
 Gin. 
 
 
 Jewel block. 
 
 Swivel. 
 
 
 Block and block. 
 
 
 PAKTS OF A BLOCK. 
 
 Shell. 
 
 
 Top. 
 
 Sheave. 
 
 
 Bottom. 
 
 Bonching. 
 
 
 Swallow. 
 
 Pin. 
 
 
 Score. 
 
 
 BEXDS . 
 
 ANI> HITCHES. 
 
 Half hitch. 
 
 • 
 
 Bowline. 
 
 Timber hitch. 
 
 
 Running bowline. 
 
 Clove hitch. 
 
 
 Bowline on a bight. 
 
 Roband hitch. 
 
 
 Sheet bend. 
 
 Rolling hitch. 
 
 
 Reef knot. 
 
 Round turn and half hitch. 
 
 Sheepshank. 
 
 Marlin-spike hitch. 
 
 
 Clinch. 
 
 Blackwall hitch. 
 
 
 Figure of 8 knot. 
 
 Fisherman's bend. 
 
 
 Overhand knot. 
 
 Studding-sail halliard bend. 
 
 Carrick bend. 
 
 Catspaw. 
 
 
 Rope-yam knot. 
 
 To pass a stopper. 
 
 
 To sling a cask on end. 
 
 To mouse a hook. 
 
 
 To lower a man down from aloft. 
 
 To put a strap on a 
 
 rope. 
 
 To take a turn around a cleat. 
 
 To put a strap on a 
 
 spar. 
 
 To put on a topgallant and royal 
 
 To rig and know the use of 
 
 a purchase. 
 
 parbuckle. 
 
 
 To bend two hawsers together.' 
 
 To sling a cask. 
 
 
 To bend a hawser to an anchor. 
 
18 
 
 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 Apprentices must know the names of and be able to point out 
 the following : 
 
 MASTS AKD YARDS. 
 
 Spars. 
 
 Lower masts. 
 
 Topmasts. 
 
 Topgallant and royal masts. 
 
 Trysail masts. 
 
 Bowsprit. 
 
 Jib boom. 
 
 Flying jib boom. 
 
 Dolphin striker. 
 
 Whiskers, lower booms. 
 
 Spanker galf . 
 
 Trysail gaff. 
 
 Saddle or sliding chock. 
 
 Hanks. 
 
 Studding-sail boom. 
 
 Spanker boom. 
 
 Battens. 
 
 Masthead. 
 
 Hounds. 
 
 Futtock bands. 
 
 Trestletrees. 
 
 Fishes. 
 
 Crosstrees. 
 
 Top. 
 
 Lubber's hole. 
 
 Top rim. 
 
 Top rail. • 
 
 Sleepers. 
 
 Bolsters. 
 
 Cap. 
 
 Cap shore. 
 
 Partners. 
 
 Wedges. 
 
 Mast coat. 
 
 Step of mast. 
 
 Bed of bowsprit. 
 
 Bees of the bowsprit. 
 
 Saddle of the jib boom. 
 
 Groose neck of the spanker boom. 
 
 Jaws (of a boom gaff ). 
 
 Tie bands. 
 
 Double topsail or topgallant 
 
 yards. 
 Sling bands. 
 Truck. 
 
 Lightning conductor. 
 Heel of mast. 
 Head of mast. 
 Fid hole. 
 Sheeve hole. 
 Fid. 
 
 Preventer fid. 
 Lower yards. 
 Topsail yards. 
 Topgallant yard. 
 Royal yards. 
 Skysail yards. 
 Studding-sail yards. 
 Studding-sail booms. 
 Slings of a yard. 
 Trusses. 
 Quarters. 
 Spanker boom. 
 Yard irons. 
 Boom iron. 
 
 Clamping or inner boom irons. 
 Truss bands. 
 
U. S. CEUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 
 
 19 
 
 Apprentices must be able to answer the following questions : 
 
 STANDING RIGGIXG. 
 
 How are masts supported ? 
 How are yards supported ? 
 How are booms supported ? 
 
 How are gaffs supported ? 
 How are davits supported ? 
 
 Apprentices must know the names of and be able to point out 
 
 the following :* 
 
 Stays. 
 
 Shrouds. 
 
 Backstays. 
 
 Spring stays. 
 
 Bobstays. 
 
 Bowsprit shrouds. 
 
 Futtock shrouds. 
 
 Gammoning. 
 
 Lanyards for rigging. 
 
 Sheer poles. 
 
 Afterswifters. 
 
 Chafing gear. 
 
 Deadeyes. 
 
 Masthead pendants. 
 
 Ratlines. 
 
 Back ropes. 
 
 Jumpers. 
 
 Boom pendants. 
 
 Jacob ladders. 
 
 Jib guys. 
 
 Davit guys. 
 
 Spans. 
 
 Funnels. 
 
 Scotchman. 
 
 Martingale. 
 
 Jackstays. 
 
 Lifts. 
 
 Footropes. 
 
 Stirrups. 
 
 Flemish horse. 
 
 Parrel. 
 
 Trusses. 
 
 Slings for a yard. 
 
 Topgallant rigging. 
 
 Royal rigging. 
 
 FITTING RIGGING. 
 
 At this instruction the boys should be taught to fit properly 
 light standing rigging, as detailed below, and to set it up : 
 
 With an eye splice. 
 
 "With a fork and two lashing- 
 eyes. 
 
 With a throat seizing on a 
 bight. 
 
 With a cut splice. 
 
 With a horseshoe splice. 
 
 Cutter stay fashion. 
 
 With end turned up: 
 
 With wooden deadeyes. 
 
 With rigging screws. 
 
 Topgallant and royal rigging 
 
 stays. 
 Blocks where single straps are 
 
 used. 
 Blocks where double straps are 
 
 used. 
 Where two single blocks are 
 
 used. 
 Rigging a lower yard. 
 Rigging a topsail yard. 
 Rigging an upper yard. 
 
20 
 
 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 SETTIJ^G UP RIGGING. 
 
 Staying lower mast. 
 Setting up lower rigging. 
 Bringing to a lanyard. 
 Staying a topmast. 
 Setting up topmast rigging 
 
 Setting up topgallant rigging 
 
 and backstays. 
 Setting up bobstays. 
 Marking rigging for ratlines. 
 Securing spars for sparring 
 
 down. 
 
 Apprentices must know the names of leads and use of running 
 rigging. Boys to be made to trace each rope, and not merely to 
 commit their leads to memory. 
 
 Royal braces. 
 Topgallant braces. 
 Topsail braces. 
 Fore braces. 
 Preventer braces. 
 Main braces. 
 Cross jack braces. 
 Royal lifts. 
 Topgallant lifts. 
 Topsail lifts. 
 Fore lifts. 
 Main lifts. 
 Cross jack lifts. 
 Peak halliards. 
 Throat halliards 
 Spanker brails. 
 Spanker sheets. 
 Trysail sheets. 
 Spanker outhaul 
 Vangs, spanker. 
 Peak outhaul. 
 Clew rope. 
 Trysail brails. 
 Spanker sheets. 
 Reeving purchases. 
 Royal sheets. 
 Topgallant sheets. 
 Topsail sheets. 
 Fore sheets. 
 
 Main sheets. 
 
 Fore bunt jigger. 
 
 Fore reef tackle. 
 
 Jib lacing. 
 
 Hanks. 
 
 Royal clewlines. 
 
 Topgallant clewlines. 
 
 Topsail clewlines. 
 
 Topsail bunt jigger. 
 
 Topsail reef tackles. 
 
 Reef burtons. 
 
 Clew jiggers. 
 
 Jib sheets. 
 
 Jib downhaul. 
 
 Forward guy. 
 
 After guy. 
 
 Boom topping lifts. 
 
 Boom guys. 
 
 Flying jib halliards. 
 
 Flying jib downhaul. 
 
 Jib halliards. 
 
 Fore-topmast staysail halliards. 
 
 Fore-topmast staysail sheets. 
 
 Fore-topmast staysail downhaul. 
 
 Clew garnets. 
 
 Fore tack. 
 
 Main tack. 
 
 Royal yard rope. 
 
 Royal halliards. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 
 
 31 
 
 Topgallant yard rope. 
 Topgallant halliards. 
 Topgallant buntlines. 
 Top bowlines. 
 Fore bowlines. 
 Main bowlines. 
 Topsail bnntlines 
 Fore buntlines. 
 Main buntlines. 
 
 Leechlines. 
 
 Mizzen topmast staysail hal- 
 liards, downhaul, and sheets. 
 
 Gaff topsail. 
 
 Gaff topsail halliards. 
 
 Gaff topsail downhaul and clew- 
 line. 
 
 Flying jib sheets. 
 
 SAILS. 
 
 Apprentices must know the 
 the following : 
 Courses. 
 Topsails. 
 Topgallant sails. 
 Royals. 
 Storm sails. 
 Leech. 
 Luff. • 
 Foot. 
 Clew. 
 Head. 
 Peak. 
 Neck. 
 Tack. 
 Bunt. 
 Quarter, 
 
 Robands ; amidship roband. 
 Head earring ; pass. 
 Reef earring ; pass. 
 Reef point ; tie. 
 Reeftackle pendant. 
 Reefing jackstay. 
 Becket and toggle. 
 Buntline cloth. 
 Reef bands. 
 Belly bands. 
 Tack. 
 Double topsail. 
 
 names of and be able to point out 
 
 Double topgallant sail. 
 
 Gaskets. 
 Flying jib. 
 Jib. 
 
 Foretopmast staysail. 
 Staysails. 
 Spanker. 
 Gaff topsail. 
 Lower studding sail. 
 Foretopmast studding sail. 
 Topgallant studding sail. 
 Cloths. 
 Roping. 
 Head. 
 Toggles. 
 A backer. 
 Sheets. 
 . Bunt. 
 Cringles. 
 Eyelet holes. 
 Tabling. 
 Bowline bridle. 
 Buntline toggles. 
 Reef tackle patch. 
 Top lining. 
 Goring cloth. 
 Roach. 
 
22 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 Mast lining. After side of a sail. 
 
 Gluts. Starboard side of a fore-and-aft 
 
 Back cloths. sail. 
 
 Seams. Sail covers. 
 
 Bolt rope. Spectacle iron. 
 
 Fore side of a sail. Thimbles. 
 
 Port side of a fore-and-aft sail. 
 
 Apprentices must be able to explain the following : 
 
 Bend a topsail. Reef a trysail. 
 
 Bend a topgallant sail. Clew up a course. 
 
 Bend a gaff topsail. Clew down a topsail. 
 
 Set a course. Clew up a topgallant sail. 
 
 Set a topsail ; a topgallant sail. Furl a topsail ; a topgallant sail. 
 
 Set the spanker ; a gaff topsail. Furl a gaff topsail. 
 
 Set the jib. Stow a jib. 
 
 Reef a topsail. Kinds of canvas used in making 
 
 Reef a course. sails? 
 
 THE COMPASS AXD HELM. , 
 
 1. All boys are required to pass this instruction. 
 
 2. Apprentices quickly learn to box the compass if they are 
 taught to box from north around, first by eight points, next by 
 four, and next by two. By practicing this method they learn that 
 the quadrants are alike in the arrangement of the points and 
 promptly recognize the principle upon which the card is marked. 
 It requires a much longer time to learn the points by heart, and 
 they are more easily forgotten. 
 
 3. They should also be taught the connection between bearings 
 by compass and bow, beam, and quarter bearings. Diagrams 
 on the blackboards and compass cards large enough to permit a 
 boy to stand in the center and mark the bearings and courses 
 are valuable aids to instruction. 
 
 4. Under the supervision of the officer of the deck and the 
 quartermaster on watch, the steering should be done entirely by 
 apprentices ; during bad weather and when in narrow channels 
 they should be relieved by seamen. The constant practice 
 teaches them how to steer and how to read the compass. 
 
 5. Instruction must be persevered in until all the boys are good 
 helmsmen and thoroughly familiar with the compass. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 23 
 
 6. The questions in seamanship, gunnery, signals, compass, 
 helm, etc., should be typewritten and posted in the bulletin- 
 boards a day or two in advance, to encourage the apprentices to 
 study and prepare for recitation and instruction. 
 
 Apprentices must be able to answer the following questions : 
 
 The Compass. 
 
 The principal parts. 
 
 Gymbals ; use of. 
 
 A liquid compass. 
 
 State how many points. 
 
 How many half points. 
 
 How many degrees. 
 
 The four cardinal points. 
 
 The four next most prominent. 
 
 The eight 3-letter points; how the above are situated with 
 reference to the cardinal points. 
 
 How many points from North to NE. ; to N W. ; to East ; to 
 West ; to SE. ; to SW. 
 
 How many points in a quadrant ; in a half circle. 
 
 The points opposite to WNW. ; S. f E. ; E. i N. ; WNW. i 
 W., etc. 
 
 Which is correct, ENE. i N., or NE. by E. i E. ; E. by N. i E., 
 orE. IN.? 
 
 Box compass from North to East ; from West to South ; by 
 points ; by half points. 
 
 Explain what is meant by a compass bearing. 
 
 State how many points from the ship's head to the bow ; to 
 the beam ; to the quarter ; to right astern ; to a point forward of 
 the beam ; to three points abaft the beam ; to two and one-half 
 points on the quarter; from starboard tack to port tack; a full- 
 rigged ship, how many points? 
 
 From port tack to wind on port beam, how many? 
 
 From port tack to wind on port quarter, how many? 
 
 From port tack to wind aft, how many? 
 
 A lighthouse is reported bearing SE., broad on starboard quar- 
 ter ; how does the ship head? 
 
 The standard compass. 
 
 The binnacle. 
 
24 
 
 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS 
 
 The lubbers line. 
 Variation and deviation. 
 What is a magnet? 
 How find north star? 
 
 Apprentices must be able to answer the following questions : 
 
 The Helm. 
 
 Steam steering. 
 
 Hand steering. 
 
 The helm. . 
 
 The tiller. 
 
 The rudder ; material. 
 
 The rudder post. 
 
 The yoke. 
 
 Back chains. 
 
 The pintles. 
 
 The gudgeons. 
 
 The woodlock. 
 
 A jury rudder. 
 
 The king spoke. 
 
 The wheel ropes. 
 
 Relieving tackles ; use. 
 
 Mechanical hand-steering gear. 
 
 Helm amidships. 
 
 Starboard; port. 
 
 Steady a starboard. 
 
 Small helm. 
 
 Hard a starboard ; what means 
 
 of knowing ? 
 Helm ; hard over. 
 Ease the helm. 
 Meet her. 
 Steady. 
 
 Right the helm. 
 Helm amidships. 
 Ease down the helm. 
 Put your helm up. 
 Hard up ; hard down. , 
 Helm alee. 
 
 Shift your helm. 
 
 No higher. 
 
 Luff ; let her go off. 
 
 Nothing off. 
 
 Nothing to the eastward ; how 
 
 is your helm ? 
 Don't give her so much helm. 
 Weather helm. 
 Lee helm. 
 Griping. 
 Steerage way. 
 Stern board. 
 To bear up. 
 Conning a ship. 
 To windward. 
 To leeward. 
 Weather side. 
 Lee side. 
 On the bow. 
 Wind abeam. 
 Abaft the beam. 
 Wind aft. 
 
 Wind on the quarter. 
 Full and by. 
 Close hauivid. 
 Off the wind. 
 Keep away two points. 
 Bring her up two points. 
 By the wind. 
 On a wind. 
 Beating to windward. 
 Going free. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 25 
 
 Running. Boxing off. 
 
 Scudding. Hauling to the wind. 
 
 Tacking ; wearing. Hove to. 
 
 Going about. Laying to. 
 
 Aback. Broaching to.. 
 Missing stays. 
 
 LEAD AND LIXE. 
 
 1. Boys are to be taught to heave the lead, using either hand ; 
 how to hold the line while heaving right or left, and how to haul 
 it in. 
 
 2. When leadsmen are sent to the chains, one side should be 
 always manned by apprentices. Placing dependence upon them 
 flatters their self-respect, the surest way to .a boy's heart, and 
 leads them to make the greatest possible efforts to excel. 
 
 3. In port the practice of heaving the lead from the boats should 
 form part of the regular routine. 
 
 4. A sand bag, weighing about 5 pounds, should be used at first ; 
 later a regulation 9 -pound hand lead may be substituted. Boys 
 that are strong enough soon become fair leadsmen, most of them 
 being able to pass out the fourth month of the cruise. 
 
 Apprentices must be able to answer the following questions: 
 
 Lead and Line. 
 
 Leads; how secured to line? Toggle; aprons. 
 Weights. Soundings; how called? How 
 
 Lead line ; length ; how marked? determined at night? 
 Marks ; how defined? How report them when bottom 
 
 Deeps ; how defined? is not found? 
 
 Deep-sea Lead and Line. 
 
 Length; how marked? How used? 
 
 Thompson's Patent Lead. 
 
 Describe. How used? 
 
 Leads; how armed? Drift lead. 
 
 Log. 
 
 Reel. How marked? 
 
 Chip ; plug and socket. Stray line ; how used? 
 
 Glasses ; long and short. Patent ; taffrail ; log ; describe. 
 
 Line ; length. Log book. 
 
26 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 BOATS. 
 
 1. Apprentices should be carefully taught how to pull, sail, 
 steer, hook on, and handle boats in all conditions of the weather. 
 The pulling boats being manned and taken care of by the boys 
 alone, the continuous practice they receive in pulling and sail- 
 ing the running boats in port and at boat exercise soon converts 
 them into expert boatmen. 
 
 3. Each member of the crew should in turuvperform the duties 
 of coxswain, and all be required to tack, wear, etc. , and bring the 
 boats alongside under sail and oars. 
 
 3. Boat racing affords excellent opportunities for instruction. 
 When the boys are able to handle the oars and sail properly, it 
 should be practiced under the supervision of the boat officers 
 whenever possible. 
 
 4. Boat crews under sail should never stand except to step the 
 masts ; the sheets, halyards, and brails to be worked while sitting 
 in the thwarts or from the bottom of the boat. Each boy is to 
 be stationed and taught to do his own work first and to assist 
 others afterwards. No boy is to sit or stand on the gunwale at 
 any time. 
 
 5. The running boats' crews should be particularly neat and 
 clean in appearance. The officer of the deck should inspect 
 them in the gangway after exercise at quarters and correct any 
 faults in this respect. 
 
 Boat Instrtictlon. 
 
 Up oars. Why feather oars? 
 
 Shove off ; get in fenders. Boat sailing : 
 
 Let fall. Men-of-war boats ; different 
 
 Give way together. rigs. 
 
 To get out bow oars. Sloop rig ; sliding gunter rig. 
 
 Lay on oars. Lug sails ; sprit sails. 
 
 To boat bow oars. Step the masts. 
 
 To toss and boat oars. Shove off ; make sail. 
 
 To trail oars. Shorten sail ; reef. 
 
 To back and hold water. Tack. 
 
 Sculling. Wear. 
 
 To point the oars. Heave to. 
 
 To salute. Go alongside. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 
 
 27 
 
 Apprentices must explain the following : 
 
 A carvel-bnilt boat. 
 A clincker-built boat. 
 A diagonal-built boat. 
 Single and double banked boats. 
 Oars; material. 
 Steering oar. 
 
 The different parts of an oar. 
 What are the necessary fittings 
 of a boat? 
 
 Kinds of boats. 
 
 Launches. 
 
 Barges. 
 
 Cutters. 
 
 Whaleboat; lifeboats. 
 
 Gigs. 
 
 Dingies. 
 
 Parts of a Boat. 
 
 Step of mast. 
 Crutches. 
 Breaker. 
 Plug. 
 Painter. 
 Lazy painter. 
 Sea painter. 
 Anchor. 
 Grapnel. 
 Falls. 
 Gripes. 
 
 Steadying lines. 
 Patent detaching apparatus ; 
 ject? 
 
 The gunwale. 
 The thwarts. 
 The rising. 
 The stem sheets. 
 The fore sheets. 
 Coxswain box. 
 Back board. 
 Bottom board. 
 Rudder. 
 Rudder rope. 
 Tiller. 
 Yoke. 
 
 Yoke lines. Patent detaching apparatus ; ob- 
 
 Rowlocks. 
 Stretchers. 
 Apprentices must be able to answer the following questions 
 
 LIGHT-HOUSES. 
 
 Various kinds. What used for. 
 
 BUOYS. 
 
 State various kinds and how Gas buoys; whistling and bell 
 
 placed. buoys ; mid-channel buoys. 
 
 What used for. Beacons. 
 
 When does a buoy watch? 
 
 KUNNING LIGHTS. 
 
 Describe running lights ; an- Sailing vessel. 
 
 chor lights. Towing. 
 
 Steamer. Pilots. 
 
28 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 l^OG SIGNALS. 
 
 Steamer tinder way. Sailing vessel under way. 
 
 Steamer at anchor. Sailing vessel at anchor. 
 
 RULES OF THE ROAD. 
 
 Two steamers directly ap- One vessel overhauling another ; 
 
 proaching. which gives way? 
 
 Two sailing vessels directly ap- Steamer and sailing vessel ap- 
 proaching, proaching; which gives way? 
 
 Steamer and sailing vessel di- Two sailing vessels crossing, 
 
 rectly approaching. Whistles— port ; starboard. 
 
 oiidi^a:n^ce axd gui^tn^ery. 
 
 1. As ordnance is one of the most important branches in the 
 training of a naval apprentice, comprehending as it does an 
 intimate knowledge of every description of guns, mounts and 
 appliances, of small arms, ammunition and magazines, careful 
 instruction, both theoretical and practical, should be continued 
 unremittingly until the end of the cruise. 
 
 2. Every boy should be taught to assemble and disassemble all 
 kinds of breech mechanism, both in great guns and small arms ; 
 how to substitute electric for percussion firing apparatus ; and 
 to replace broken firing pins, springs, and extractors. They 
 should be required to do this individually and without assistance 
 until all are perfectly familiar with every detail. 
 
 3. The recoil cylinders should be examined, the guns raised, 
 and all parts of the mount be frequently overhauled for their 
 benefit, and they should be especially instructed in the care and 
 preservation of guns, mounts, small arms, tools, and appliances. 
 
 4. They should be made familiar with all sorts of ammunition, 
 powder, primers, fuses, etc. , and should make frequent visits to 
 the magazines and shell rooms to learn practically how ammuni- 
 tion is stowed and flood cocks fitted. 
 
 5. Every opportunity for subcaliber, rifle, and revolver prac- 
 tice should be taken advantage of ; and in port, where circum- 
 stances permit, a permanent target should be anchored near the 
 ship so that target practice can be carried on daily if possible. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 29 
 
 6. In firing at target with great guns, field guns, and small 
 arms, the practice should be as deliberate and as painstaking as 
 possible, no shots to be wasted, and the principle of pointing 
 carefully and clearly set forth. The apprentices should be well 
 instructed in aiming drill, gallery rifle practice, and subcaliber 
 practice before engaging in target practice with great guns, the 
 allowance of ammunition at great gun practice to be divided 
 equally among the boys. No opportunities for quarterly practice 
 with rifles and revolvers for prizes should be missed. 
 
 7. Boys are apt to flinch at first when pulling the lock string 
 or the trigger. This tendency must be overcome before any skill 
 in marksmanship can be expected. 
 
 8. As a rule, apprentices show great interest in ordnance and 
 gunnery and quickly respond to instruction. They never tire of 
 target practice, and it is a good rule to preserve and publish on 
 the bulletin boards the individual scores made from week to 
 week in firing with the gallery rifle. The scores at target prac- 
 tice with small arms, on shore, should be published also. This 
 helps to arouse a spirit of emulation among the boys ; it deepens 
 and increases their interest and furnishes a basis for comparison 
 and improvement. 
 
 9. Boys are proverbially mischievous and destructive, and for 
 this reason the officers in charge of firing parties on shore should 
 keep a watchful eye upon the rifles, revolvers, and ammunition 
 used in individual target practice. This can be best managed 
 by taking a limited number of rifles and revolvers with the party 
 and keeping those out of the hands of the boys except when in 
 actual use. 
 
 10. Boys should not have been considered as having passed in 
 Ordnance until they can make a score of 36 with the rifle and 
 revolver — the rifle at 300 yards and the revolver at 30 yards — and 
 36 with gallery rifle at 20 yards. 
 
 11. In Ordnance as well as in Seamanship apprentices that are 
 well advanced should be to a greater or less degree exempted 
 from instruction, so that more time can be given to those that 
 are backward. 
 
 12. If promptness, thoroughness, and absolute precision are 
 insisted upon from the start, proficiency in drills and exercises 
 will soon follow and the task of the instructor will be a pleasant 
 one. Carelessness, inattention, or slipshod methods should not 
 
30 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 be tolerated for a moment. It has been found that a little judi- 
 cious punishment has a marked effect in stimulating the ignorant, 
 the lazy, and the indifferent boys. Pressure of this kind rarely 
 fails to awaken them to the necessity for improving their 
 knowledge and cultivating their opportunities. Boys will work 
 hard for an officer who takes an individual interest in their 
 tasks and pleasures, and the best results have been obtained by 
 officers who combine firmness and resolution with gentleness and 
 patience. 
 
 13. It would be well, toward the end of the cruise, to provide 
 the apprentices with handbooks on gunnery. They should be 
 simple in language and detail, but modern and up to date. 
 Radford's Handbook in Gunnery would answer the purpose. 
 
 14 The following questions cover the most essential details of 
 Ordnance and Gunnery; sections of them should be published 
 from day to day in the bulletin boards as lessons to be prepared. 
 To pass in Ordnance, apprentices should be required to answer 
 these questions at the end of the cruise. 
 
 GUNXERY. 
 
 To pass in Gunnery, apprentices must be able to answer the 
 following questions : 
 
 State the general principle on which guns are constructed. 
 
 Sizes of guns used in the United States Navy, B. L. R. and 
 R. F. guns. 
 
 Material used in building guns. 
 
 What is a R. F. gun? 
 
 What is fixed ammunition ? 
 
 What is the tube; jacket; hoops ? 
 
 In what part is the breech plug ? 
 
 Give name and sizes of guns on board this ship. 
 
 How are they fired ? 
 
 Why are guns rifled ? 
 
 What takes in the rifling ? 
 
 What is the ratio of weight of charge and projectiles ? 
 
 What is meant by subcaliber target practice ? 
 
 What is meant by the caliber of a gun ? 
 
 What is meant by the drift of a rifle projectile ? How allowed 
 for in sighting ? 
 
 Steaming at high speed, are guns pointed directly at the tar- 
 get ? If not, what allowance is made for change of position V 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 31 
 
 4-Iiicli R. r. Gnus. 
 
 Name of mount. 
 
 What kind of sight is used ? 
 
 Set sights for different ranges. 
 
 What sight is used in misty weather ? 
 
 Where must target be in telescoi)e when gun is properly trained 
 and elevated ? 
 
 Replace firing pin in electric attachment. 
 
 Replace firing pin in percussion attachment. 
 
 Take out and replace extractor. 
 
 Take out breech plug, combined collar and tray, for overhaul- 
 ing, and replace it. 
 
 Take out training gear for overhauling and replace it. 
 
 Take out elevating gear for overhauling and replace it. 
 
 In getting alongside of dock or another ship, how rig in 4-incli 
 gun ? (Describe method used in this ship. ) 
 
 How raise gun for overhauling rollers ? 
 
 How fill recoil cylinders ? 
 
 How empty recoil cylinders ? 
 
 How take out and replace recoil springs in cylinders ? 
 
 What are different causes to which a missfire may be due when 
 using electric firing attachment and ammunition ? 
 
 How test firing battery and attachment ? 
 
 Shift from electric to percussion firing attachment, and vice 
 versa. , 
 
 If extractor breaks, how extract cartridge case ? 
 
 Describe hand extractor. 
 
 After target practice, how is gun cleaned ? 
 
 What is done vnth empty cartridge cases after target practice ? 
 
 How many men are stationed at a 4-inch R. F. gun ? 
 
 What are their titles, and describe in general their duties ? 
 
 What kinds of oil are used for cleaning and lubricating pur- 
 poses ? 
 
 In loading, what precaution should the shell man take in 
 entering the cartridge ? 
 
 What is a tourniquet, and how apply it ? In the absence of a 
 tourniquet, what would you use ? 
 
 If telescopic sight becomes disabled, how sight the gun ? 
 
32 
 
 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 Main Battery, ^-Inch R. F. Guns. 
 
 "Weight of gun ; how made and of what metal ? 
 
 Principal parts of gun : 
 
 Tube. Grooves. 
 
 Jacket. Lands. 
 
 Breech. Number of grooves. 
 
 Mount. Number of lands. 
 
 Recoil band. 
 
 How are these guns secured for sea ? 
 
 What is a cleaning brush ? A hand extractor ? A sponge brush ? 
 
 Describe a tompion. 
 
 NOMENCLATURE. 
 
 Breech. 
 
 Plug. 
 
 Face plate. 
 
 Combined collar and tray. 
 
 Hand lever. 
 
 Rotating rack. 
 
 Hand grasp. 
 
 Translating arm. 
 
 Translating arm pin. 
 
 Hinge pin. 
 
 Tray latch. 
 
 Tray catch. 
 
 Extractor. 
 
 Extractor keeper screw. 
 
 Es:tractor lug. 
 
 Electric firing case. 
 
 Case. 
 
 Firing pin. 
 Firing-pin insulator. 
 
 Trigger. 
 
 Trigger bracket. 
 Trigger spring. 
 Jfleleaser. 
 Releaser spring. 
 
 Training rack. 
 Training shaft. 
 Training worm. 
 
 Connecting arm. 
 Connecting-arm insulator. 
 
 Percussion firing case. 
 
 Firing pin. 
 Firing-pin spring. 
 Sleeve for firing pin. 
 Firing-pin guard. 
 Cocking lever. 
 
 Training mechanism. 
 
 Training wheels. 
 Conical rollers. 
 Elevating gear. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 33 
 
 
 Elevating gear. 
 
 
 Elevating arc. 
 
 Elevating spring. 
 
 
 Elevating shaft. 
 
 Elevating wheel. 
 
 
 Elevating worm. 
 
 Recoil mechanism. 
 
 
 Cylinders 
 
 Buffer springs. 
 
 
 Piston. 
 
 Recoil springs. 
 
 
 Cylinder heads. 
 
 Counter-recoil springs. 
 
 
 Stuffing boxes. 
 
 Glycerin and how used in 
 
 cyl 
 
 Glands. 
 
 inders. 
 Mount. 
 
 
 Saddle. 
 
 Pivot. 
 
 
 Sleeve. 
 
 Pivot nut. 
 
 AMMUNITION. 
 
 
 How many kinds of ammunition ? Describe each. 
 
 Weight of charge. 
 
 Weight of projectile. 
 
 Weight of fixed ammunition. 
 
 Weight of bursting charge. 
 
 Cartridge case and primer. 
 
 Describe a percussion primer and an electric primer. 
 
 How distinguish the different kinds of ammunition when 
 stowed in magazine ? 
 
 When is it desirable to use shrapnell ? When common shell ? 
 When A. P. shell ? 
 
 What kind of fuze is used in common shell ? 
 
 What kind of fuze is used in shrapnell ? How set it ? 
 
 What kind of a point has the A, P. shell ? 
 
 What is a bursting charge ? 
 
 What is the compression band ? 
 
 Powder. 
 
 How many kinds and general composition of all powder ? 
 Describe the following : 
 
 Brown prismatic. Meal powder. 
 
 Priming powder. Rifle powder. 
 
 Smokeless powder. Gun cotton. 
 
34 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 What kind of powder is used in the 4-inch, 6-pounder, and 
 1 -pounder ? 
 What are the advantages of smokeless powder ? 
 What is meant by a full charge ? By a reduced charge ? 
 What kind is used in R. F. guns ? 
 
 Sights. 
 
 Describe telescopic and ordinary sights. 
 Banges. 
 
 What is point-blank and extreme range on 4-inch R. F. guns, 
 in yards ? 
 
 What is point-blank and extreme range on 6-pounder D, S. 
 guns, in yards ? 
 
 What is point-blank and extreme range on 1 -pounder H. guns, 
 in yards ? 
 
 Magazines. 
 
 Describe a magazine. 
 
 How is 4-inch ammunition stowed and boxed 'i 
 How is 6-pounder ammunition stowed and boxed ? 
 How is 1 -pounder ammunition stowed and boxed ? 
 How are magazines lighted ? How ventilated ? 
 What is a flood cock ? 
 
 6-Poiindei' I>. S. Guns. 
 
 How are the recoil cylinders filled ? 
 
 What kind of sight is used ? 
 
 What is the sliding leaf, and how use it ? 
 
 What is a drill washer, and what is its use ? 
 
 Does the 6-pounder A. P. shell have a fuse and bursting 
 charge ? 
 
 What kind of fuse is used in the 6-pounder ? 
 
 Can the gun be brought to a full or half cock without opening 
 or closing the breech, and what advantage is this V 
 
 Assemble and disassemble breech mechanism. 
 
 Describe an electric firing attachment. 
 
 Describe a percussion firing attachment. 
 
 State caliber of gun. 
 
 Weight of gun (without shoulder bar). 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 35 
 
 Twist of rifling. 
 Number of grooves. 
 Lands. 
 
 NOMENCLATURE. 
 
 Breech block. Main cam. 
 
 Main bolt. Lever-locking piece. 
 
 Operating lever. Firing pin. 
 
 Guide bolts. • Extractors. 
 
 AMMUNITION. 
 
 How many kinds of ammunition ? Describe each. 
 
 State weight of charge. 
 
 Weight of projectile ; different kinds. 
 
 Weight of complete rounds. 
 
 Weight of bursting charge. 
 
 l-Pounder Hptchklss Gnus. 
 
 State caliber of gun. Number of grooves. 
 
 Weight of gun (without Lands, 
 shoulder bar). 
 
 NOMENCLATURE. 
 
 Breech plug. Cocking cam. 
 
 Extractors. Stop bolt. 
 
 Main spring. Sear spring. 
 
 Firing pin. Face plate. 
 
 AMMUNITION. 
 
 How many kinds of ammuni- Weight of projectile. 
 
 tion? * Weight of complete round. 
 
 Describe each. Weight of bursting charge. 
 Give weight of charge. 
 
 What is meant by Mark I, Mark II, Mark III, Mark IV on 
 the guns ? 
 Assemble and disassemble breech mechanism. 
 Empty recoil cylinder, and then fill it. 
 Set the sight for various ranges. 
 What becomes of the emi^ty cartridge cases after firing ? 
 
36 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 What is a machine gun ? Kinds. 
 What is the Colt's automatic gun ? 
 What kind of ammunition does it use ? 
 What is a Gatling gun ? 
 What kind of ammunition does it use ? 
 
 U. S. i^avy Rifle. 
 
 Describe U. S. Navy rifle, model 1895. 
 
 What is the caliber? 
 
 What kind of powder is used? 
 
 Take out and replace extractor. 
 
 Take out and replace firing pin. 
 
 Load clip of cartridges. 
 
 Lock firing pin so that piece will not fire. 
 
 Unload clip of cartridges. 
 
 How use piece for rapid fire? 
 
 Set sight for various ranges. 
 
 Shift sling for "sling arms." 
 
 Where is the cleaning cord kept and how used? 
 
 What are the following parts of the U. S. Navy rifle : 
 
 Stock. Front-sight tip. 
 
 Barrel. Lower band. 
 
 Receiver. Main spring. 
 
 Rear sight. Rear-sight leaf. 
 
 Bayonet. Sear. 
 
 Sling. Sear spring. 
 
 Barrel cover (wood). Breech mechanism. 
 
 Bolt. Trigger mechanism. 
 
 Bolt stop. Magazine mechanism. 
 
 Bolt release. Sling swivel. 
 
 Cam lever. Sling strap. 
 
 Cam-lever handle. Stacking swivel. 
 
 Clip (loading). Trigger. 
 
 Clip guide. Trigger guard. 
 
 Extractor. Upper hand. 
 
 Extractor spring. Bayonet blade. 
 
 Elevator spring. Bayonet guard. 
 
 Firing pin. Bayonet scabbard. 
 
 Firing-pin collar. Bayonet-scabbard frog. 
 
 Firing-pin lock. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 37 
 
 How many grooves of rifling? 
 
 How many lands? 
 
 What are lands? 
 
 How many twists? 
 
 Number of different parts of the gun complete. 
 
 Weight of gun with bayonet fixed. 
 
 AMMUNITION. 
 
 Number of pockets, for 3 clips each, in belt. 
 Weight of loaded belt. 
 
 U. S. Xavy Revolver. 
 
 What is the name? 
 
 What is the caliber? 
 
 How many cartridges does it hold? 
 
 What is the pack? 
 
 Load and unload piece. 
 
 Piece being cocked, how unload? 
 
 SIGISTAIjS. 
 
 1. All boys are required to pass in this instruction. 
 
 2. They must be able to recognize the flags and penants used 
 in the General Signal Book and know how to use them ; how to 
 signal, using the International Code, and how to send and receive 
 messages by the Army and Navy Code, using either flag, torch, 
 hand lantern, steam whistle, bell, or fog horn. They should be 
 taught also how signaling is done by the Ardois system. 
 
 3. One of the advantages of cruising in company with other 
 training ships is the opportunity it affords for practice in all 
 kinds of signaling. 
 
 4. Colored diagrams of the signal flags and pennants should 
 be prepared for the benefit of the apprentices. 
 
 5. Practice in signaling, especially by the Army and Navy 
 Code, must be persevered in from the beginning to the end of the 
 cruise. 
 
5 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 Apprentices must answer the following questions : 
 GENERAL SIGNAL CODE. 
 
 How are signals made? 
 
 How many flags? 
 
 How many pennants? 
 
 How are general signals made by day? By night? 
 
 How are signals made by telegraphic code? 
 
 Boat code? 
 
 How are signals made by Army and Navy Code? Cipher code? 
 
 How are signals made by International Code? 
 
 FLAGS AND PENNANTS. 
 
 Answering pennant. 
 
 Boat recalls. 
 
 Preparatory pennant. 
 
 Cornet. 
 
 Interrogatory pennant. 
 
 Telegraph flag. 
 
 Numeral pennant. 
 
 Geographical flag. 
 
 Affirmative pennant. 
 
 Quarantine flag. 
 
 Negative pennant. 
 
 Powder flag. 
 
 Position pennant. 
 
 Pilot flag. 
 
 Distinguishing pennant. 
 
 Danger flag. 
 
 Meal pennant. 
 
 Convoy or guard flag. 
 
 Church pennant. 
 
 Flag of truce. 
 
 Annulling flag. 
 
 General Signal 1111 ; how made. 
 
 Compass flag. 
 
 General Signal 1222 ; how made. 
 
 General recall. 
 
 Speed indicators. 
 
 Where are the following flags hoisted : 
 
 Presideht's flag. 
 
 Narrow pennant. 
 
 Flag of the Secretary 
 
 of the National flag. 
 
 Navy. 
 
 Union jack. 
 
 Flag of the Assistant 
 
 Secre- Battalion flag and guidon. . 
 
 tary of the Navy. 
 
 Revenue flag. 
 
 Admiral's flag. 
 
 Light-house service flag. 
 
 Vice-admiral's flag. 
 
 Flag at half-mast. 
 
 Rear-admiral's flag. 
 
 Union down. 
 
 Senior officer's flag. 
 
 
 
 LIGHTS. 
 
 Signal. 
 
 Anchor 
 
 Running. 
 
 Towing. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 39 
 
 SAII. AlfJ) SPAR EXERCISE. 
 
 1. When all hands are called to exercise with sails and spars, 
 the boys stationed aloft should fall -in facing outboard, abreast 
 the rigging, topgallant-yard men outboard, topmen next, and 
 the lower-yard men inside of all. In this way the boys are kept 
 well in hand and the tendency to straggle while laying aloft is 
 jDrevented. 
 
 2. During sail exercises the captains of tops and light-yard 
 men alone will remain aloft. At all times, except during the 
 progress of an evolution, these men will remain in the tops inside 
 of the topmast rigging. The time of completion of an evolution 
 will not be recorded while men are above tops. Topgallant sail 
 must be kept bent with topsail and courses. When light yards 
 are crossed with their sails, the gear must be bent ; and when in 
 the rigging the clews must be kept out and stopped to quarter- 
 block eyebolts. Light sails will be bent and unbent on deck, 
 swaying the yards out and in the rigging together. 
 
 3. There will be no "ready men" for general exercises with 
 spars or sails, except in bending sails. 
 
 4. When an evolution is completed the men Avill lay down from 
 aloft at once and together, Avithout reference to the flagship or 
 senior officer's vessel. 
 
 5. No men will be allowed aloft during daylight without sig- 
 nal after 8 a. m. 
 
 6. The position i^ennant hoisted over a vessel's distinguishing 
 pennant will be a notification that that vessel is not properly 
 Ijerforming the evolution and to conform to the motions of the 
 flagship or senior officer's vessel. 
 
 In all exercise, of whatever character, thoroughness of execu- 
 tion and maneuver is desired rather than the mere making of 
 time. Time amounts to nothing as an element of efficiency unless 
 backed up by thoroughness of execution in every detail that goes 
 to make a ship of war an efficient flghting machine. 
 
 7. The following routine in exercising spars and sails will be, 
 ordinarily, carried out ; but should the signal of execution alone 
 be hoisted, the evolution will be performed without regard to 
 the flagship or the senior officer's vessel : 
 
40 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 TO LOOSE SAILS TO A BOWLINE. 
 
 When preparatory signal is understood, call all hands. 
 
 When preparatory signal is hauled down, captains of tops, 
 loosers of topgallant sail lay into the top with senior officer's 
 vessel. 
 
 Unhook topsail sheets ; toggle bowlines. 
 
 Take covers off fore-and-aft sails. 
 
 When signal of execution is hoisted, sail loosers lay aloft and 
 loose with flagship or senior officer's vessel. 
 
 When signal of execution is hauled down, let fall, haul and 
 hoist away with flagship. Lay down on deck at once. Heads of 
 spanker and trysail hauled out. 
 
 TO FURL SAILS FROM A BOWLINE. 
 
 When preparatory signal is understood, call all hands. 
 
 When preparatory signal is hauled down, captains of tops, top- 
 gallant yard men lay into tops with flagship. 
 
 When signal of execution is hoisted, furlers lay aloft and keep 
 into the slings. 
 
 When signal of execution is hauled down, clew up, haul down, 
 lay out and furl ; hook topsail sheet, and lay down on deck at 
 once. 
 
 Put covers on fore-and-aft sails. 
 
 TO LOOSE SAILS TO BUNTLINES. 
 
 When preparatory signal is understood, call all hands. 
 
 When preparatory signal is hauled down, captains of tops, 
 loosers of the topgallant sail lay into the tops with the flagship. 
 
 Take covers off fore-and-aft sails. 
 
 When the signal of execution is hoisted, sail loosers lay aloft, 
 lay out and loose with flagship. 
 
 When signal of execution is hauled down, let fall. The bunt- 
 lines and clew jiggers will be kept even with the yards, headsails 
 spread out and heads of spanker and trysail hauled out two-thirds. 
 Lay down on deck at once. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 41 
 
 TO FURL SAILS WHEN LOOSED TO BUNTLINES. 
 
 "When preparatory signal is understood, call all hands. 
 
 When preparatory signal is hauled down, captains of tops, and 
 topgallant yard men lay into the tops with the flagship. 
 
 When the signal of execution is hoisted, furlers lay aloft and 
 keep into the slings. 
 
 When signal of execution is hauled down, clew up, lay out, 
 furl, and lay down on deck at once. 
 
 Put covers on fore-and-aft sails. 
 
 TO MAKE SAILS TO TOPGALLANT SAILS. 
 
 When the preparatory signal is understood, call all hands. Get 
 lower booms alongside, unhook topping lifts, top up spanker 
 boom, cast adrift ridge ropes. 
 
 When preparatory signal is hauled down, captains of tops, top- 
 gallant yard men lay into the tops with the flagship. 
 
 Take covers off fore-and-aft sails. 
 
 When signal of execution is hoisted, sail loosers lay aloft, lay 
 out and loose with the flagship. 
 
 When signal of execution is hauled down, let fall, lay down 
 from aloft, make sail, brace up by lee or port braces without ref- 
 erence to flagship. 
 
 TO TAKE IN ALL SAIL. 
 
 When signal is understood, call all hands. Man the gear. 
 When signal is hauled down, take in sails and square yards 
 without reference to the flagship. 
 
 TO REEF TOPSAILS. 
 
 When signal is understood, man the gear. 
 
 When signal is hauled down, take in light sails and reef with- 
 out reference to flagship. 
 
 When second reef is taken, furl topgallant sail. 
 
 When third reef, take second reef in courses, furl mizzen top- 
 sail and spanker, set main trysail. 
 
42 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 TO SHIFT TOPSAILS. 
 
 When signal is understood, man the gear for shortening sail, 
 and get other topsail ready. 
 
 When signal is hauled down, take in light sail, furl and unbend 
 topsail, send aloft and bend other topsail and make sail as before, 
 without reference to the flagship. 
 
 TO SHIFT COURSES. 
 
 When signal is understood, man the gear of courses, and get 
 other courses ready. 
 
 When signal is hauled down, haul up courses, furl, unbend, 
 send aloft others, bend and set without reference to the flagship. 
 
 TO SEND UP TOPGALLANT MAST, MAIN AND MIZZEN TOPMASTS. 
 
 When preparatory signal is understood, call all hands. 
 
 When preparatory signal is hauled down, captains of tops, top- 
 gallant yard men lay into tops with flagship. 
 
 When signal of execution is hoisted, lay aloft, sway aloft masts 
 and put in fids. 
 
 When signal of execution is hauled down, launch, set up back- 
 stays, haul taut rigging, lay down on deck at once. 
 
 TO HOUSE TOPGALLANT MAST, MAIN AND MIZZEN TOPMASTS. 
 
 When preparatory signal is understood, call all hands. 
 
 When preparatory signal is hauled down, captains of tops, top- 
 gallant yard men lay into tops with flagship, and send down heel 
 ropes. 
 
 When signal of execution is hoisted, lay aloft, come up back- 
 stays, sway up and unfid. 
 
 When signal of execution is hauled down, lower away, stop in 
 rigging, lay down on deck at once. 
 
 TO CROSS TOPGALLANT YARD. 
 
 When preparatory signal is understood, call all hands. 
 
 When preparatory signal is hauled down, captains of tops, top- 
 gallant yard men lay into tops with flagship, and one man to each 
 upper yardarm in lower rigging. Sway out of chains, and sway 
 upper yardarms one foot above top rims. 
 
 When signal of execution is hoisted, lay aloft and sway aloft. 
 
 When signal of execution is hauled down, sway across, bend 
 gear, square yards and lay down on deck. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 43 
 
 TO SEND DOWN TOPGALLANT YARD. 
 
 When preparatory signal is understood, call all hands. 
 
 When preparatory signal is hauled down, captains of tops, and 
 topgallant yard men lay into tops with flagship and send down 
 yard ropes and tripping lines. 
 
 When signal of execution is hoisted, lay aloft, unbend gear, and 
 stop out yard ropes. 
 
 When signal of execution is hauled down, sway, lower away, 
 stop in gear, and lay down on deck at once. 
 
 TO SEND UP TOPGALLANT MAST AND TOPGALLANT YARD. 
 
 When preparatory signal is understood, call all hands. 
 
 When preparatory signal is hauled do^vn, captains of tops, and 
 topgallant yard men lay into tops and lower rigging wdth flag- 
 ship. 
 
 When signal of execution is hoisted, lay aloft, sway aloft, and 
 fid ; then sway out of chains and aloft topgallant yard, set up 
 backstays. 
 
 When signal of execution is hauled down, sway across, bend 
 gear, stay masts, square yards and lay down on deck. 
 
 TO SEND DOWN TOPGALLANT YARD AND TOPGALLANT MAST. 
 
 When preparatory signal is understood, call all hands. 
 
 When preparatory signal is hauled down, cax^tains of tops, top- 
 gallant yard men lay into tops with flagship and send down yard 
 ropes, tripping lines, and heel ropes. 
 
 When signal of execution is hoisted, lay aloft, unbend the gear, 
 stop out yard ropes, and come up backstays. 
 
 When signal of execution is hauled down, sway across and let 
 fall with flagship, bend gear, square yards, and lay dowm on 
 deck. 
 
 The light sails must fall as the yards cross. 
 
 TO SEND UP TOPGALLANT MAST, CROSS TOPGALLANT YARD LOOSE 
 
 SAIL. 
 
 When preparatory signal is understood, call' all hands. 
 
 When preparatory signal is hauled down, captains of tops, and 
 topgallant yard men lay into tops and lower rigging with flag- 
 ship. 
 
 Take covers off fore-and-aft sails. 
 
44 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 When signal of execution is hoisted, sway aloft and fid masts ; 
 then sail loosers lay aloft, sway out of chains and aloft the top- 
 gallant yard; lay out and loose, set up backstays. 
 
 When signal of execution is hauled down, sway across and let 
 fall with flagship, bend gear, stay masts, square yards, and lay 
 down on deck. 
 
 TO BEND SAILS. 
 
 When preparatory signal is understood, call all hands, get sails 
 on deck and ready for bending. 
 
 When preparatory signal is hauled down, captains of tops, and 
 men stationed to overhaul gear will lay aloft with flagship and 
 overhaul down gear. Get topgallant yard on deck. 
 
 When signal of execution is hoisted, sway aloft sails and lay 
 aloft to the slings of the yards. 
 
 When signal of execution is hauled down, lay out, haul out, 
 bring to furl, get light yards in rigging, lay down on deck. 
 
 TO UNBEND SAILS. 
 
 When preparatory signal is understood, call all hands. 
 
 When preparatory signal is hauled down, captains of tops, and 
 topkeepers lay aloft with flagship. Get topgallant yard on deck. 
 
 When signal of execution 4s hoisted, lay aloft, lay out and 
 bend. 
 
 When signal of execution is hauled down, ease away, lower 
 away, stop in gear, get light yards in rigging, lay down on deck. 
 
 If topgallant yard is crossed when preparatory signal to bend 
 or unbend sails is made, it will be sent on deck when the pre- 
 paratory signal is hauled down. 
 
 Note. — A signal is considered as hoisted when it reaches the 
 truck or yardarm, and as hauled down when it starts to be 
 lowered. 
 
 SHORE LIBERTY. 
 
 1. Apprentices should be allowed liberty in foreign ports when- 
 ever possible. They must not be permitted, for obvious reasons, 
 to remain on shore later than sundown. In the warm climate of 
 the West Indies they should wear white mustering suits and 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 45 
 
 white hats over woolen underclothing. For spending money 
 they are allowed from 50 cents to $1.50 in each port, depending 
 upon their conduct report. This sum is as much as they can 
 afford, and is ample for all purposes. 
 
 2. Boys should be cautioned against drinking spirits while on 
 shore. The medical officer should examine boys once a fortnight. 
 
 3. Church parties should form in rank and march from the 
 boats to church and return, always in charge of an officer. 
 
 HYGIEXE. 
 
 1. While cruising in the West Indies, after early coffee in the 
 morning watch, both at sea and in port, the apprentices are 
 mustered and sent over the mastheads. If any show lack of 
 activity they are sent over a second time. While washing down 
 the decks they are again mustered to receive a cold shower bath 
 from the deck hose. This is unvariable, and is always can'ied 
 out when the temperature of the water is above 65° Fahr. It 
 has an excellent tonic effect on the body and assures cleanliness. 
 Boys are also encouraged to go in swimming alongside in the 
 evening whenever circumstances of weather and surroundings 
 permit. 
 
 2. The Navy regulations regarding vaccination should be 
 strictly enforced, 
 
 3. The avniings should be kept spread as much as possible as a 
 precaution against the sun's rays and on account of the frequent 
 showers. Boys should not be allowed to sleep on the deck unless 
 under awnings. Wet clothing should be changed as quickly as 
 possible, to avoid danger from fevers. 
 
 4. While in the West Indies and similar places the fruit 
 allowed each apprentice boy from the shore boats should be of 
 the proper quality and limited in amount, as this is a common 
 cause of diarrhea. 
 
 5. In hot climates drills, when between 10 a. m. and 4 p. m., 
 should be conducted under awnings, and boat drills involving 
 prolonged exjDosure to the sun between these hours should not 
 be held regularly. 
 
46 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 6. On account of the liability to exposure to malarial and other 
 fevers, as well as the formation of dissolute habits, the appren- 
 tices should be granted only sundown liberty. 
 
 7. Systematic inspection of apprentices by the medical officer 
 should be held bimonthly, or of tener, if necessary. 
 
 8. First Aid. — Systematic instruction should be given in the 
 simpler methods of first aid to the injured. Instruction on other 
 subjects occupies such a large amount of the time, as well as the 
 attention of the boys, that it is not practicable to enter much 
 into the details of first aid. A few practical points which can 
 •be easily remembered are of more value than a series of lectures 
 on this subject. 
 
 9. The health officers in all West Indian ports are very strict 
 in enforcing quarantine regulations. Clean bills of health should 
 therefore be secured in each case before leaving port. 
 
 10. It must not be forgotten that vessels from the West Indies 
 arriving at Southern ports of the United States after April 1, 
 and at Northern ports after May 1, are subject by quarantine 
 regulations to five days' detention in quarantine. 
 
 THE MESS AISTD PAYMASTER'S DEPARTMEKT. 
 
 The regulation ration is issued to the boys, three-fourths of 
 the rations being issued direct and one-fourth commuted. The 
 rations not commuted are issued directly to the commissary yeo- 
 man, who is charged with the duty of feeding the boys. He is 
 provided with an extra storeroom for the use only of the boys' 
 messes ; thus he is enabled to manage details as he sees fit, and is 
 not hampered by the necessity of serving out supplies to the 
 boys' mess on the same day on which they are issued to him. 
 
 It is found that the rations issued (three-fourths of the total 
 number) make not more than two meals a day ; thus the money 
 obtained from the commuted ration is applied — 
 
 (1) To supplying the third meal at sea and in port. 
 
 (2) To supplying articles not in the ration for all three meals. 
 
 Extra bread (in port). 
 Extra fiour (at sea). 
 Potatoes. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 47 
 
 Condensed milk (at sea and in port). 
 
 Canned vegetables. 
 
 Dried fruit. 
 
 Fresh fruit. 
 
 Baking powder. 
 
 Yeast. 
 
 Hops. 
 
 Canned fish. 
 
 Salt fish. 
 
 Dried beans. 
 
 Dried pease. 
 
 Lard (important). 
 
 Cheese. 
 
 Macaroni. 
 
 Utensils. 
 
 Hams. 
 
 Shoulders. 
 
 Oatmeal. 
 
 (3) To supplying extra bread. 
 
 (4) To buying additional provisions from the pay department ; 
 advantage being thus taken of Government prices. 
 
 This method werks as well as could any method in a ship of 
 this description and in a cruise in the West Indies. A great aid to 
 its efficiency is the small additional storeroom alluded to. It 
 enables the commissary yeoman to keep his stores quite apart 
 from pay department stores. It enables him to take advantage, 
 as far as is warranted by the amount of his income from com- 
 muted rations, of New York prices and quality of goods, by pur- 
 chasing such stores as can not be bought to advantage in the 
 West Indies. 
 
 If this method is used, it will be found of great benefit to take, 
 at the beginning of the cruise as many tinned vegetables and 
 tinned tomatoes as can be stowed, from the general storekeeper, 
 as these are needed in larger quantities than allowed by the 
 ration, and are better in quality and far cheaper in price than 
 any that can be obtained in the West Indies. Other stores will 
 be suggested by specific conditions and by the character and size 
 of storerooms and the nature and extent of the cruise. On the 
 handling of the mess money perhaps no suggestions are of 
 value, except, however, that as a matter of safety the mess, 
 
48 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 after the ship leaves the United States, should have a margin of 
 cash on hand of about the amount of its income for one month ; 
 thus long sea trips can be provided for from time to time with- 
 out putting the boys' mess in debt. The mess, under an able 
 steward, can be so managed that contributions from its members 
 outside of the commuted rations are not needed. 
 
 The effort is, of course, primarily for proper cooking and serv- 
 ing, rather than for elaborate meals. Aside from limited n^eans, 
 it is found that the apprentices much prefer one dish that they 
 relish to any attempt at several dishes in one meal. This being 
 the case, the cooks should be disturbed and called away from 
 their work as little as possible ; the less the better. It is sug- 
 gested that their interruptions might be confined to necessary 
 and important general drills, and that, aside from these, the cooks 
 be under the charge and quite at the disposal of the commissary 
 yoeman or steward, if he is a competent man. This is vital to 
 the boys and means more than any one thing. 
 
 Generally speaking, in the West Indies, in English islands, 
 where there is a contractor for the English men-of-war or for the 
 English troops, such contractor will generally prove the most 
 reliable and the most satisfactory dealer in fresh provisions. 
 
 Canned goods, dried fruits, and the like are costly, and the 
 purchase should be avoided and anticipated as far as possible. 
 
 Flour, sugar, rice, beans, oatmeal, and the like can be bought at 
 prices that are not unreasonable ; and if storeroom capacity is 
 small, more than the proportionate quantity of the former class 
 might be taken, because purchase is not advisable, and less than 
 the proportionate quantity in the latter class might be taken, as 
 they may be bought from time to time ; but if possible a full 
 supply of all should be taken. 
 
 Condensed milk can be had only at prohibitive prices, and a 
 full supply for the whole cruise should be taken. This is more 
 important, as it is used with many kinds of food at sea, and to 
 some extent in cooking, and daily with coffee, tea, or cocoa. 
 
 Extra bread will be needed, especially in English West India 
 ports. In French and Spanish ports the bread is better and goes 
 farther. 
 
 Most of the fresh beef and vegetables are merely passable. 
 The terms used in Table A refer to West India facilities, tak- 
 ing Barbados, perhaps, as the standard. Thus "good" means 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 49 
 
 good for the West Indies, not necessarily good for the United 
 States. 
 
 A shortage in salt-water soap should be guarded against, and 
 as a rule the supply in tinned goods in any one place is so lim- 
 ited as to be hardly equal to the demand of one ship. 
 
 All training ships should be fitted with a baking oven of 
 approved type and the necessary appliances for making light, 
 wholesome bread, pies, cakes, puddings, gingerbread, and simi- 
 lar delicacies. These latter are especially relished by the boys 
 and go far to make them contented with ship's fare. 
 
 More than the regulation time should bo given for the boys' 
 mess gear, as it is necessary to serve each ration separately on 
 the tables. Not less than twenty minutes should be allowed 
 for this. 
 
 MONEY. 
 
 American gold can be used in most of the islands. The rate 
 varies between 20s. 5d. (§4.97) to 20s. 9d. ($5.04), the average 
 being about 20s. 6d. (§4.99), practically at par; so that it would 
 seem advisable for a pay officer to carry enough with him in 
 American gold for the cruise, as he thus avoids drawing large 
 bills of exchange. The men and officers lose little or nothing, 
 and he can ask to have his public bills rendered in terms of 
 United States money, when saving will result. 
 
 Suppose a dealer renders a bill for £5. Ask him to render the 
 same bill in United States money and he will generally render it 
 £5 X §4.80, or §24; but £5 by pay table at legal rate is §24.33. 
 Some paper money should be cairied for ports Ijke Kingston. 
 
 In Kingston it is better to use bills (paper money) than to use 
 gold, since the merchants remit to New York and take them at 
 par. 
 
 In St. Thomas and St. Croix both bills and gold are generally 
 not below par. At times there is a premium on United States 
 gold varying from 1 per cent to 4 per cent, usually about 2 per 
 cent. 
 
 In Barbados, St. Thomas, St. Kitts, Kingston, and St. Lucia 
 checks can be used in payment of public bills. In Kingston 
 checks are better to use than gold. 
 
 Pay officers can obtain funds on checks in small quantities from 
 the large dealers in Barbados and Kingston ; in St. Kitts at times 
 from De Lisle. Bills of exchange for larger sums can be nego- 
 
 1031 4 
 
50 
 
 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 tiated wherever there is a branch of the British Coilonial Bank. 
 Perhaps Barbados is the best place, though at times good rates 
 are obtainable in smaller places. - The Colonial Bank generally 
 will not take our checks for funds. The Bank of Nova Scotia 
 will take our checks at par, and have generally several thousand 
 dollars to spare (Kingston). 
 
 CLOTIIIXG A]S"I> SMAT.L STORES. 
 
 Apprentices use about double the quantity that men use, espe- 
 cially a quadruple supply of lanyards, a double supply of necker- 
 chiefs, and a triple supply of knives. 
 
 Of white hats only a small number of any size less than 7 is 
 found useful ; the majority use Nos. 7, 7^, or 7|-. 
 
 In case a supply of working clothes somewhat larger than the 
 ordinary supply can not be taken, extra quantities of drill 
 (bleached) should be taken. 
 
 A certain proportion of sizes smaller than the regulation sizes 
 is advisable in blue mustering, white mustering, and white 
 working clothes. If there is not time to have these made so as 
 to fit the smaller boys, then extra drill, heavy flannel, and trou- 
 sers cloth should be provided to meet the deficiency. 
 
 Measurements of the present crew of apprentices, somewhat 
 smaller boys than the average, indicate the following proportions : 
 
 ^"^berof Size of trousers. 
 
 Number of 
 boys. 
 
 Size of jumpers. 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 17. 
 
 8 
 
 3 - 
 
 8... 
 
 19 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 No. 4. 
 No. 5. 
 No. 6. 
 No. 7. 
 No. 8. 
 No. 9. 
 No. 10. 
 
 (*) 
 
 5 
 
 5. 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 60 
 
 No.3e. 
 No.4e. 
 No.5e. 
 No. 6e. 
 
 (*) 
 
 *Size smaller than any regulation size. Three sizes might well be made. 
 
 That is to say, the ordinary assortment of sizes is not suitable. 
 
U. S. CRUISINO TRAINING SHIPS. 
 
 51 
 
 o 
 
 I I 
 
 I o 
 !0 
 
 a 
 
 
 '^ b t5 ■:?; ^ o 
 
 S aSia 
 
 OS'S 
 
 h5 5 
 
 
 
 I O 08 O 
 
 !J 
 
 Ph ^» 
 
 '8diq«)aS3A qsajj 
 
 •pBOjq qsajj 
 
 •jaaa 
 
 
 » 
 
 ill 
 
 s 
 
 itts 
 
 'oix 
 
 nayra_-_ 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 m 
 
 
 1 
 
 Mart 
 St. L 
 
 Trin 
 
 H 
 
 St.K 
 
 St. Ci 
 LaG 
 
 5 
 
 1= 
 
 
 
53 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS, 
 
 DAILY BILL, OF FARE. 
 
 The table on page 53 gives the daily bill of fare served to the 
 apprentices on the Annapolis during the winter cruise of 1898-99. 
 It shows the dishes served each meal for the month of October 
 in home ports and waters and for the month of December in 
 West Indian ports and waters. 
 
 It will be seen that by commuting one quarter of the rations, 
 the method allowed by the Department, a great variety of dishes 
 is possible. It was found also that there was an abundance of 
 food, enough to satisfy the sharp appetites of seventy-two 
 healthy, hungry boys. 
 
 It must be added that good management, economy, foresight, 
 and careful supervision are necessary to produce satisfactory 
 results. Much depends upon the knowledge and skill of the com- 
 missary yeoman. 
 
 It is of course unnecessary to dwell upon the importance of a 
 good table. Nothing conduces more to the contentment and good 
 health of the boys, two factors which bear most directly upon 
 the success of the cruise. 
 
 The bumboat is a very important institution and one much 
 appreciated by the boys. The bumboat man should be required 
 to furnish articles suitable to their tastes and wants. A very 
 careful supervision must, however, be exercised over this func- 
 tionary, as he is apt to accept articles of clothing, knives, etc., 
 in exchange for his stock in trade. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 
 
 53 
 
 Bill of fare of apprentices' mess, U. S. S. Annapolis, third rate, 
 in United States ports and waters, October, 1899. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Breakfast. i Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Oct. 1, in i)ort : 
 
 Fried eggs and bacon. 
 Corn bread. 
 CofiTee. 
 
 Roast beef. 
 Mashed potatoes. 
 Sliced tomatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Boiled ham (cold). 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 2, in port : 
 
 Baked beans. 
 Fresh bread and but- 
 ter. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Vegetable soup. 
 Boiled beef. 
 Boiled potatoes. 
 Fresh bretid. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Rice pudding, 
 .lelly 
 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 3, in port : 
 
 Hamburger steak. 
 Fried potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Boiled ham. 
 Cabbage. 
 Boiled potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Boiled sausage. 
 Cheese. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 4, in port : 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. Boast beef. 
 Fresh bread and but- Mashed potatoes. 
 
 ter. Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 1 Coffee. 
 
 Clam chowder. 
 Crackers. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 5, at sea : 
 
 Fresh beef stew. 
 Corn bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Boiled fish. 
 Boiled potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Cold meat. 
 Fried potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 6, at sea : 
 
 Frankfurt sausage. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Corned beef. 
 Cabbage. 
 Boiled potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Gingerbread. 
 Jelly. 
 
 Fresh bread. 
 Butter. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 7, at navy 
 yard: 
 
 Fried fish. 
 Potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Vegetable soup. 
 Boiled beef. 
 Potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Beef stew. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Note.— Sugar and milk are served with all coffee and tea. 
 
54 
 
 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 Bill of fare of apprentices' mess at navy yard, New York, and 
 Tompkinsville, S. I. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Breakfast. 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Oct. 8, at navy 
 yard, New 
 York: 
 
 Fried fish. 
 Boiled potatoes. 
 Fresh bread and but- 
 ter. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Vegetable soup. 
 Boiled beef. 
 Cabbage. 
 Mashed potatoes. 
 Coffee. 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Cold meat. 
 Cold ham. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 9, at navy 
 yard: 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Apples. 
 
 Fresh bread and but- 
 ter. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast beef. 
 Baked potatoes. 
 Lima beans. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Rice pudding. 
 Jelly. 
 
 Fresh bread and but- 
 ter. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 10, at navy 
 yard: 
 
 Bread, butter. 
 Fried eggs. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Pot roast (beef). 
 String beans. 
 Boiled potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Baked beans and pork. 
 Fresh bread and but- 
 ter. 
 Tea. 
 Apples. 
 
 Oct. 11, at navy 
 yard: 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Coffee. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Butter. 
 
 Bean soup. 
 Salt pork. 
 Bread pudding. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Bologna. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Fried potatoes. 
 Apples. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 12, at navy 
 yard: 
 
 Corned beef hash. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Vegetable soup. 
 Fresh boiled beef. 
 Potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Potato salad. 
 Salt herrings. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Butter. 
 Apples. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 13, at navy 
 yard: 
 
 Pork and beans. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast beef. 
 Mashed potatoes. 
 Sliced tomatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Rice pudding. 
 Butter. 
 Tea. 
 
 Fresh bread and but- 
 ter. 
 
 Oct. 14, at navy 
 yard: 
 
 Fresh beef stew. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Baked stuffed codfish. 
 Green peas. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Gingerbread. 
 Apples. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Butter. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 15, at navy 
 yard: 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast beef. 
 Lima beans. 
 Mashed potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Macaroni and cheese. 
 
 Fresh broad. 
 
 Tea. 
 
 Apples. 
 
 Note.— Sugar and milk are served with all coffee and tea. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 
 
 55 
 
 Bill of fare of apprentices' mess at navy yard, New York, and 
 Tompkinsville, S. I. — Continued. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Breakfast. 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Oct. 16, at navy 
 yard : 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast beef. 
 Lima beans. 
 Potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Bologna sausage. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Fried potatoes. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 17, at navy 
 jard: 
 
 Beef stew. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Vegetable soup. 
 Boiled beef. 
 Green peas. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Beef hash. 
 Apples. 
 Bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 18, at navy 
 yard: 
 
 Herrings. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Rice. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast beef. 
 
 Sliced fresh tomatoes. 
 
 Boiled potatoes. 
 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Gingerbread. 
 Apples. 
 
 Fresh bread and but- 
 ter. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 19, in port, 
 Tompkinsville: 
 
 Fried steak. 
 Potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Boiled ham. 
 String beans. 
 Potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Fish balls. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Butter. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 20, in port: 
 
 Boiled eggs.' 
 Corn bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Beefsteak pie. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Bread pudding. 
 Stewed prunes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 21, in port: 
 
 Fried fish. 
 Boiled potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast beef. 
 Potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Gingerbread. 
 Jelly. 
 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 22, in port: 
 
 Fresh beef stew. 
 Hard biscuits. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Bean soup. 
 Rice pudding. 
 Biscuits. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Macaroni. 
 Cheese. 
 Apples. 
 Hot biscuits. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 23, in port: 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Hot biscuits. 
 Butter. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast ])eef. 
 Mashed potatoes. 
 Green peas. 
 Biscuits. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Bologna sausage. 
 Cold ham. 
 Biscuits. 
 Tea. 
 
 Note. — Sugar and milk are served with all coffee and tea. 
 
56 
 
 MANUAL FOK OFFICERS. 
 
 Bill of fare of apprentices' mess at navy yard, New York, and 
 Tompkinsville, S. I. — Continued, 
 
 Date. 
 
 Breakfast. 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Oct. 24, in port: 
 
 Beef hash. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Vegetable soup. 
 Boiled beef. 
 String beans. 
 Biscuits. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Herring salad. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Butter. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 25, in port: 
 
 Herrings. 
 Potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast beef. 
 Green peas. 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Fresli bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Boiled rice. 
 
 Molasses. 
 
 Tea. 
 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Butter. 
 
 Apples. 
 
 Oct. 26, in port: 
 
 Fresh beef hash. 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Canned ham. 
 Lima beans. 
 Boiled potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Gingerbread. 
 Jelly. 
 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Oct. 27, in port 
 and at sea: 
 
 Baked beans and 
 
 pork. 
 Fresli bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast mutton. 
 Stewed tomatoes. 
 Mashed potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Macaroni and cheese. 
 
 Tea. 
 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Oct. 28, at sea: 
 
 Fish hash. 
 Coffee. 
 B scuits. 
 
 I 
 
 Cold salt beef. 
 Lima beans and cat- 
 sup. 
 Mustard. 
 Biscuits. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Boiled rice and rai 
 
 Biscuits. 
 
 Tea. 
 
 sins. 
 
 Oct. 29, at sea: 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Coffee. 
 Biscuits, 
 Butter. 
 
 Bean soup. 
 Plum pudding. 
 Biscuits. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Herring salad. 
 
 Tea. 
 
 Hot biscuits. 
 
 Oct. 30, at sea: 
 
 Herrings. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Butter. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast beef. 
 Stewed tomatoes. 
 Fried potatoes and 
 
 onions. 
 Biscuits and coffee. 
 
 Boiled rice and 
 
 lasses. 
 Soft bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 mo- 
 
 Oct. 31, at sea: 
 
 Mutton stew. 
 
 Biscuits. 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast beef. 
 Peas. 
 
 Lima beans. 
 Boiled potatoes. 
 
 Gingerbread. 
 Jelly. 
 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Note. —Sugar and milk are served with all coffee and tea. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 
 
 57 
 
 Bill of fare of apprentices' mess in West Indian ports and waters, 
 December, 1898. 
 
 Date. 1 Breakfast. 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Dec. 1, in port : 
 
 Beef hash. 
 Fresh bread 
 Oranges. 
 Coflfee. 
 
 Vegetable soup. 
 Roast beef. 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Lima beans. 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Cold meat. 
 Potato salad. 
 Bread. 
 Bananas. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 2, in port : 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Salt codfish and cream 
 
 ?auce. 
 Stewed tomatoes. 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Boiled rice and mo- 
 lasses. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Bananas. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 3, in port : 
 
 Smoked herrings. 
 Bananas. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast beef (fresh). 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Lima beans. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Corn cake. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 4, in port : 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Cold ham. 
 Potatoes, 
 String beans. 
 Sago pudding. 
 Oranges. 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Bread and batter. 
 
 Jelly. 
 
 Bananas. 
 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 5, in port : 
 
 Stewed beef. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Vegetable soup. 
 Boiled beef. 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Oranges and bananas. 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Gingerbread and but- 
 ter. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 6, at sea : 
 
 Baked beansAud pork. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast beef. 
 Lima beans. 
 Mashed potatoes. 
 Bananas. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Cold roast beef. 
 Potato salad. 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Dec. 7, at sea : 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Fresli bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Sea pie. 
 
 Swct't potatoes. 
 Omnges. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Boiled rice and mo- 
 lasses. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 8, at sea : 
 
 Smoked herrings. 
 Fresh bread and but- 
 ter. 
 Oranges. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Bean soup. 
 
 Plum pudding and 
 
 lemon sauce. 
 Hard bread. 
 
 Hot biscuits. 
 Jelly, 
 Batter. 
 Tea. 
 
 Note— Sugar and milk are served with all coffee and tea. 
 
58 
 
 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 Bill of fare of apprentices' mess in West Indian ports and waters, 
 December, 1898 — Continued. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Breakfast. 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Dec. 9, at sea : 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Cold ham, mustard. 
 Green peas. 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Hard bread and butter. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Corn pudding and 
 
 lemon sauce. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 10, in port: 
 
 Baked beans. 
 Hot biscuits. 
 Butter. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Potpie, baked. 
 Stewed tomatoes. 
 Hard bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Corned beef hash. 
 Hot biscuits. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 11, in port: 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Hot biscuits. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Fresh roast beef. 
 Lima beans. 
 Mashed potatoes. 
 Apple pie. 
 Oranges. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Cold beef. 
 Fried potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 
 Dec. 12, in port: 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Vegetable soup. 
 Boiled beef. 
 Potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Sago pudding. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 13, in port: 
 
 Corned beef hash. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast beef. 
 Green peas. 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Gingerbread. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Butter. 
 Oranges. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 14, in port: 
 
 Beef stew. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast beef. 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Sago pudding. 
 Oranges. 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Meat balls. 
 Fried potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 15, at sea: 
 
 Smoked herrings. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Bean soup. 
 Plum pudding. 
 Lemon sauce. 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Fresh bread. 
 Butter. 
 Cake. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 16, at sea: 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Hot biscuits. 
 Butter. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Beef pie. 
 Lima beans. 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Sago pudding. 
 Hot biscuits. 
 Oranges. 
 Tea. 
 
 Note.— Sugar and milk are served with all coffee and tea. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 
 
 59 
 
 Bill of fare of apprentices' mess in West Indian ports and ivaters, 
 December, 1898— Continued. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Breakfast. 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Dec. 17, in port: 
 
 Corned beef hash. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 "V egetable soup. 
 Stewed beef. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Potatoes. 
 Oranges. 
 
 Meat balls. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Te.. 
 
 Dec. 18, in port: 
 
 Baked beans and pork. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast beef (fresh). 
 Green peas. 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Squash pie. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Cora cake. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 19, in port: 
 
 Smoked herrings. 
 Fresb bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Vegetable soup. 
 Boiled beef. 
 Lima beana. 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Fish balls. 
 Fried potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 20, at sea : 
 
 ' Oatmeal and milk. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Cold corned beef. 
 Stewed tomatoes. 
 Boiled potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Rice pudding. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Butter. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 21, at sea : 
 
 Corned beef hash. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Beef pie. 
 Lima beans. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Gingerbread. 
 Hot biscuits. 
 Butter. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 22, at sea : 
 
 Beef stew. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Bean soup.. 
 
 Plum pudding and 
 
 lemon sauce. 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Meat balls. 
 Tomato sauce. 
 Hot biscuits. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 23, in port : 
 
 Baked beans. 
 Hard biscuits. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Meat loaf. 
 Green peas. 
 Hard biscuit. 
 Potatoes. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Salmon salad. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 24, in port : 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges and bananas. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Vegetable soup. 
 Boiled beef. 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Rice and molasses. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Note. — Sugar and milk are served with all coffee and tea. 
 
60 
 
 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 Bill of fare of apprentices' mess in West Indian ports and waters, 
 December, 1898 — Continued. 
 
 Uate. 
 
 Breakfast. 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Dec. 25, in port : 
 
 Beef stew. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Roast turkey. 
 
 Cold ham, cranberry 
 sauce. 
 
 Baked sweet pota- 
 toes. 
 
 Boiled onions. 
 
 Apple pie. 
 
 Nuts, candy, raisins, 
 bananas, lemonade. 
 
 Cold meat. 
 Potato salad. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 26, in port : 
 
 Smoked, herrings. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Boast beef (fresh). 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Gingerbread. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 27, in port: 
 
 Baked beans. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Oranges. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Vegetable soup. 
 Boiled beef. 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Rice pudding. 
 Bananas. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 28, in port: 
 
 Corned beef hash. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Bananas. 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Bean soup. 
 
 Baked rice pudding. 
 
 Fresh bread. 
 
 Lemonade. 
 
 Oranges. 
 
 Fresh bread. 
 Stewed apples. 
 Cake and tea. 
 
 Dec. 29, in port: 
 
 Oatmeal and milk. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Fresh roast beef. 
 String beans. 
 Sweet potatoes. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Cornstarch pudding. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Dec. 30, in port: 
 
 Beef stew. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Ham sandwiches. 
 Cakes. 
 Bananas. 
 Coffee. 
 (Target practice.) 
 
 Hot roast beef (fresh). 
 Mashed potatoes. 
 Lima l)eans. 
 Fresh bread. 
 Tea. 
 
 Note. — Sugar and milk are served with all coffee and tea. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINi!m\skR»SA^p^^ 61 
 
 PUXISHMEXT X^jy DEMERIT SCHEDUtiE. 
 
 One hundred demerits: No leave at end of cruise. 
 One demerit : One hour extra duty. 
 
 Ten demerits in one month : Deprivation of liberty two weeks. 
 Twenty demerits in one month: Deprivation of liberty one 
 month. 
 
 Deprivation of liberty and money one month for any of the 
 following offenses : 
 Profanity. 
 Lying. 
 
 Asleep on post. 
 
 Having clothing of another in his possession. 
 Disobedience of orders. 
 Three days' solitary confinement and ten demerits for any of 
 the following offenses : 
 
 Asleep on gun deck, watch on deck. 
 Turning in hammock, watch on deck. 
 Drunk or tight from liberty. 
 Insubordination or disrespect. 
 Five days' confinement and twenty demerits for any of the fol- 
 lowing offenses : 
 
 Drunkenness. 
 Theft. 
 
 Striking or attempting to strike a petty officer. 
 Demerits given for any of the following offenses : 
 
 One demerit Tardiness ; untidiners ; out of uniform ; clothes 
 
 in lucky bag. 
 
 Two demerits Inattention; talking or skylarking in ranks; 
 
 absence from formation or station aloft. 
 Three demerits. -.Playing cards or smoking out of hours; going 
 to bag without permission; dirty clothing 
 or bedding; talking after tattoo ; torn or un- 
 marked clothing. 
 
 Four demerits Slow in obeying calls. 
 
 Five demerits Obscene language; spitting on deck. 
 
62 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 Six demerits Neglect of duty ; exchanging, borrowing, lend- 
 ing, or selling clothing ; disrespectful to a 
 petty officer. 
 
 Seven demerits.. -Losing or destroying Government property, 
 including library books. 
 
 Eight demerits ---Lying; having property of another in posses- 
 sion; fighting. 
 
 Nine demerits Smoking cigarettes ; filthy clothing ; dirty per - 
 
 son. 
 
 Ten demerits Disregard of orders; injury to the person of 
 
 another ; below without permission, watch 
 on deck. 
 Double number of demerits for repetition of the same offense. 
 In addition to the number of demerits given for losing or 
 
 exchanging clothing, those apprentices who trade or sell their 
 
 jackknives, white hats, or any other article of their effects, to 
 
 the bumboat man or any other person will have the price of the 
 
 article deducted from their liberty-money allowance and be 
 
 required to purchase new knives, etc. 
 
 PUNISHMENTS FOR OVERSTAYING LEAVE. 
 
 Less than two hours : Second-conduct class. 
 Two hours and less than eight: Third-conduct class. 
 Over eight hours: Fourth-conduct class and three to five days' 
 solitary confinement. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 One of the objects of cruising training ships visiting foreign 
 ports is that the apprentices may acquire added interest in their 
 calling, and at the same time gain information that will increase 
 their general knowledge about foreign countries and their people. 
 
 Therefore, whenever the conduct of apprentices is such as to 
 deprive them, under the rules, of liberty on shore granted 
 apprentices, the commanding officer will send such apprentices, 
 not in actual confinement, on shore, in charge of a petty officer, 
 to visit the principal objects of interest, and then to be brought 
 back on board ship. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 63 
 
 KOUTIIN^E OF DRILiIiS. 
 
 First division 
 
 Second division.. 
 Third division . . . 
 Powder division . 
 Engineer's division ^ 
 
 MONDAY. 
 
 9.30 to 10.30 a. m. 
 
 First, second, and third Mondays: Sail 
 drill. Fourth Monday: Spar drill. In 
 port : Boat drill under sails or oars. 
 
 11 to 11.30 a. m. 
 
 First division Anchors: Secure; let go; pass stoppers; 
 
 mark chain ; mooring and unmooring. 
 
 Second division Leads, log lines, sounding machine : Expla- 
 nation of their uses. Running rigging : 
 How rove off. Blocks: Different kinds 
 and use. 
 
 Third division Standing rigging of a ship: Practice in 
 
 rattling down; parceling, worming, and 
 serving. 
 
 Powder division Ship's duties. 
 
 Engineer's division ..Ship's duties. 
 
 1.30 to 2.20 p. m. 
 
 First division .Aiming drill; gallery rifle; subcaliber 
 
 practice. 
 
 Second division Signals, telegraphic and international. 
 
 Third division Signals, Army and Navy Code. 
 
 Powder division Rifles : Manual of arms. 
 
 Engineer's division ..Ship's duties. 
 
 Evening quarters. 
 
 All divisions In port: Setting up drill. At sea : Reefing 
 
 courses and topsails. 
 
64 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 TUESDAY. 
 
 9.30 to 10.30 a. m. 
 
 First division "^ 
 
 Second division. _ . Company, artillery, and battalion drills. 
 Third division )■ Fourth Tuesday of month : Equip bat- 
 Powder division . _ | talion in heavy marching order. 
 Engineer's division J 
 
 11 to 11.30 a. m. 
 
 First division Topgallant yard and sail drill. 
 
 Second division Anchors : Secure ; let go ; pass stoppers ; 
 
 mark chain ; mooring and unmooring. 
 
 Third division Leads, log lines, sounding machine : Expla- 
 nation of their uses. Running rigging : 
 How rove off. Blocks : Different kinds 
 and use. 
 
 Powder division Ship's duties. 
 
 Engineer's division ..Ship's duties. 
 
 1.30 to 2.20 p. m. 
 
 First division Signals, Army and Navy Code. 
 
 Second division Aiming drill; gallery rifle; subcaliber 
 
 practice. 
 
 Third division. Signals, telegraphic and international. 
 
 Powder division Pistols. 
 
 Engineer's division ..Rifles: Manual of arms. 
 
 Evening quarters. 
 
 All divisions --' In port: Setting-up drill. At sea: Reefing 
 
 courses and topsails. 
 
 "Wednesday. 
 
 9.30 to 10.30 a. m. 
 
 First division "| 
 
 Second division .- - i ^. ^ „. . ;, •■„ , j . 
 
 Third division I quarters ; collision drill ; abandoning 
 
 Powder division - . s ip. 
 Engineer's division , 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 65 
 
 11 to 11.30 a. 111. 
 
 First division Leads, log lines, sounding machine : Expla- 
 nation of their uses. Running rigging; 
 How rove off. Blocks: Different kinds 
 and use. 
 
 Second division Topgallant yard and sail drill. 
 
 Third division _ Anchors : Secure ; let go ; pass stoppers ; 
 
 mark chain ; mooring and unmooring. 
 
 Powder division Ship's duties. 
 
 Engineer's division ..Ship's duties. 
 
 1.30 to 2.20 p. m. 
 
 First division Second, fourth, and fifth Wednesdays of 
 
 month: Compass, barometer, thermome- 
 ter, chronometer. First and third 
 Wednesdays of month : Pistols. 
 
 Second division Signals, Army and Navy Code. 
 
 Third division Aiming drill; gallery rifle; subcaliber. 
 
 Powder division Ship's duties. 
 
 Engineer's division . .Stations and instructions at great guns. 
 
 Evening quarters. 
 
 All divisions __ In port: Setting-up drill. At sea: Reefing 
 
 courses and topsails, 
 
 Thnrsday. 
 
 9.30 to 10.30 a. m. 
 First division 
 Second division . 
 
 First Thursday of the quarter : Clear ship 
 Third^ivision ^ ^^^ action and target practice. General 
 
 Powder division i quarters and theoretical instruction in 
 Engineer's division J o^^^^nce and gunnery. 
 11 to 11.30 a. VI. 
 
 First division Standing rigging of a ship : Practice in rat- 
 tling down ; parcelling ; worming ; serv- 
 ing. 
 
 Second division Fore-and-aft sails: Loose; furl; bend; 
 
 unbend. 
 
 1031 5 
 
bb MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 Third division Topgallant yard and sail drill. 
 
 Powder division Ship's duties. 
 
 Engineer's division __ Ship's duties. 
 
 1.30 to 2.20 p. m. 
 
 « 
 
 First division ___ Signals, telegraphic and international. 
 
 Second division First, third, and fifth Thursdays of month : 
 
 Compass, barometer, thermometer, chro- 
 nometer. Second and fourth Thursdays : 
 Singlesticks. 
 
 Third division. Second, fourth, and fifth Thursdays of 
 
 month: Signals, Army and Navy Code. 
 Second and fourth Thursdays of month : 
 Singlesticks. 
 
 Powder division Infantry drill. 
 
 Engineer's division __ Gallery rifie. 
 
 Evening quarters. 
 
 All divisions .. In port: Setting-up drill. At sea: Reefing 
 
 courses and topsails. 
 
 FRIDAY. 
 
 9.30 to 10.30 a. m. 
 
 First division 
 
 Second division . _ _ 
 
 Third division 
 
 Powder division ._ 
 Engineer's division 
 
 In port — Boat drill. First, second, and third 
 Fridays: Fleet tactics. Fourth Friday: 
 Arm and away all boats. 
 
 At sea — First Friday : Spar drill. Second, 
 third, fourth, and fifth Fridays : Sail drill. 
 
 11 to 11.30 a. m. 
 
 First division Fore-and-aft sails: Loose; furl; bend; un- 
 bend. 
 
 Second division Standing, rigging of a ship : Practice in rat- 
 tling down ; parceling ; serving. 
 
 Third division Fore-and-aft sails : Loose ; furl ; bend ; un- 
 bend. 
 
 Powder division Ship's duties. 
 
 Engineer's division. -Ship's duties. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 67 
 
 1.30 to 2.20 p. m. 
 
 First division First, third, and fifth Fridays: Signals, 
 
 Army and Navy Code. Second and fourth 
 
 Fridays: Pistols. 
 Second division Second, fourth, and fifth Fridays : Signals, 
 
 Army and Navy Code. First and third 
 
 Fridays: Pistols. 
 Third division First, third, and fifth Fridays: Compass, 
 
 barometer, thermometer, chronometer. 
 
 Second and fourth Fridays : Pistols. 
 
 Powder division Gallery rifle. 
 
 Engineer's division. -Pistols. 
 
 Evening quarters. 
 
 All divisions In port : Setting-up drill. At sea : Reefing 
 
 courses and topsails. 
 
 SATURDAY. 
 
 Moiming. 
 
 All divisions -General cleaning; all hands air bedding; 
 
 inspection of bedding ; inspection of ap- 
 prentices' bags. 
 
 Afternoon. 
 
 All divisions Black ironwork ; half holiday ; mending. 
 
 Evening quarters. 
 
 All divisions In port: Setting-up drill. At sea: Reef 
 
 courses and topsails. 
 
 SUNDAY. 
 
 9.20 a. m. 
 
 All divisions Preliminary inspection of ship by executive 
 
 officer. 
 
 9.30 a. m. 
 
 All divisions Inspection at quarters of ship and crew by 
 
 the commanding officer. 
 
68 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 10 to 11 a. m. 
 All divisions Divine service. 
 
 All hands First Sunday of month: General muster. 
 
 Third Sunday of month : Articles of war. 
 
 Afternoon. 
 
 All divisions _-. Evening quarters at sea. 
 
 Note. — When more than three gun divisions, the fourth divi- 
 sion same exercise as first ; the fifth same as second ; the sixth 
 same as third. , 
 
 STATED DRILLS ATSD INSTRUCTION^. 
 
 DAILY. 
 
 Up and over masthead at early daylight. 
 Shower bath with wash-deck hose. 
 Swimming every day, if practicable. 
 Setting-up drill at evening quarters in port. 
 
 WEEKLY. 
 
 Instruction in Myers' Code Signals ; bell ; whistle. 
 Instruction in Rules of Road. 
 Instruction as to parts of hull, build of ship, etc. 
 Instruction in stowage and construction of magazines. 
 
 SEMIMONTHLY. 
 
 Questions and stations at "All hands." 
 
 Shift: Apprentice signal boys; quartermasters; coxswains; 
 messengers ; corporals of the guard ; orderlies. 
 Exercise at heaving lead from boats and finding soundings. 
 Carry out kedge and stream anchors. 
 
 MONTHLY. 
 
 Instruction in engine room of parts and description of engines. 
 Lectures on hygiene by surgeon of ship. 
 
 BIMONTHLY. 
 
 Change stations in different parts of the ship ; divisions, etc. 
 Night fire quarters and general quarters. 
 Exercises at "Man overboard." 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 
 
 AT SEA. 
 
 When weather is favorable, watch on deck will be exercised at 
 loosing and furling. 
 
 When practicable, watch on deck will be exercised at heaving 
 lead from chains. 
 
 IN PORT. 
 
 Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, loose and furl sail ; to be 
 performed as a general evolution. 
 
 CLEANING ROUTINE. 
 
 Scrub clothes every day at sea, except Saturday and Sunday. 
 In port : Scrub clothes Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. 
 Thursday : Clean boats and boat gear. 
 Friday : Overhaul pumps and battery. 
 
 First Monday of month : Serve out clean hammocks and bags. 
 First Tuesday of month : Scrub hammocks and bags. 
 First and third Wednesdays : Scrub mattress covers. 
 First and fourth Tuesdays : Scrub windsails and sail covers. 
 
 PORTS VISITED DURHSTG WIIs^TER CRIHSE. 
 
 BARBADOS, AV. I. 
 
 Bridgetown, the capital, situated on Carlisle Bay, is from its 
 windward position generally selected for the first port in the 
 itinerary of the winter cruise. The frequent mails, the cool, 
 healthy winter climate, the well-stocked markets, render it one 
 of the most attractive ports in the West Indies. Twenty days 
 can be well spent on the passage from Newport. The distance 
 is about 1,800 miles. 
 
 The most convenient and comfortable anchorage lies south- 
 west of the adjutant general's wharf, in from 5 to 6 fathoms, 
 inside of the Royal Mail mooring buoys, and near and to the 
 southward of the powder hulk. 
 
 Men-of-war boats are allowed to land at either the adjutant 
 general's wharf or the engineer's wharf ; the latter lies about 
 one-half mile to the southward of the adjutant general's wharf. 
 
70 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 The governor and the general commanding are to be visited. 
 The United States is represented by a consul and vice-consul. 
 Salutes are returned. It is customary for the consul to arrange 
 for making the official visits. This practice is general through- 
 out the West Indies. 
 
 The health officer promptly boards the ship and gives pratique 
 when a clean bill of health is presented. 
 
 Advantage should be taken of the smooth water and steady 
 breezes for boat exercise under sail and oars. 
 
 TRI]VIDAD, \V. I. 
 
 Port of Spain, the capital of Trinidad, situated on the Gulf of 
 Paria, is the most flourishing city in the Windward group of 
 islands. It is handsome and well built ; provisions of all kinds 
 are plentiful, and it is one of the most interesting and attractive 
 to the boys; the only drawback is the heat and dampness of 
 the climate, which even in winter render it uncomfortable and 
 malarious. 
 
 Pratique is given by the harbor master. 
 
 There is a governor to be visited. No salutes are returned, the 
 English troops formerly quartered on this island having been 
 withdrawn. 
 
 The United States is represented by a consul and vice-consul. 
 The most convenient anchorage lies due west of the light-house 
 on the jetty, in 4 to 5 fathoms. 
 
 The Gulf of Paria is one of the largest and finest bays in the 
 world, and presents exceptionally good facilities for exercising 
 training ships, especially under sail. There Is a nearly uniform 
 depth of 12 to 13 fathoms over the whole area, enabling vessels to 
 anchor anywhere. This harbor offers special facilities for target 
 practice with great guns. Training ships can fire the allowance 
 for first sea practice to great advantage in this bay. 
 
 SAINT LUCIA, ^W. I. 
 
 Castries, the capital, situated at the head of the bay of the same 
 name, can not be reached under sail. It is the principal coal depot 
 in the West Indies, offering special advantages both in price and 
 in facilities for taking coal. 
 
 The harbor master meets vessels outside, gives pratique, and 
 berths them at mooring buoys, free of charge. 
 
UrS. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 71 
 
 There is an administrator to be visited. Salutes are not re- 
 turned. The United States is represented by a vice-consul, who 
 is also the principal coal merchant. 
 
 MARTIXIQUE, AY. I. 
 
 Port de France, the capital, is the military and naval head- 
 quarters of the French West Indies, and is inhabited almost en- 
 tirely by officials and their dependents. The town is not over- 
 clean, the houses old and dilapidated, the climate moist and 
 unhealthy, and the rainfall comparatively heavy, even in winter. 
 For these reasons this place and St. Pierre, the commercial port 
 of the island, should be avoided by training vessels. The high 
 mountains to windward of these ports cut off the trade winds 
 and render it very difficult to reach them under sail. 
 
 The most convenient anchorage lies about one-third mile north- 
 west by west of the light-house on Fort au France, in 5 fathoms. 
 
 There is a governor and commander of forces to be visited. 
 At Port de France salutes are returned. The American consul 
 lives at St. Pierre, and can be communicated .with by telephone. 
 He forwards the ship's mail by the coasting steamer connecting 
 the two ports. 
 
 Pratique is given by the health officer upon presentation of a 
 clean bill of health. 
 
 ST. KITTS, AV. I. 
 
 Basse Ten-e, the capital, is one of the coolest, cleanest, and 
 healthiest of the West Indian ports. The bay is large and well 
 sheltered, the climate comparatively dry, and the winds moder- 
 ate and steady ; and because of the hospitality and good will of 
 the administrator in offering special facilities and accommoda- 
 tions to training ships, a month or more of the winter cruise can 
 be advantageously spent here. 
 
 Provisions are good and plentiful, and fresh water can be taken 
 from the pipe at the end of the wharf free of charge. 
 
 The administrator readily accords permission to land the bat- 
 talion under arms for drill and target practice, and the bay offers 
 good facilities for boat exercise under sail. 
 
 There is an administrator to be visited ; salute, thirteen guns. 
 Salutes are returned. The United States is represented by a vice- 
 consul. 
 
72 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. . 
 
 The most convenient anchorage is south of the wharf, in from 
 5 to 6 fathoms. 
 
 Pratique is furnished by the harbor master upon the presentor 
 tion of a clean bill of health. 
 
 ST. CROIX, ^V. I. 
 
 Fredericksted, the port usually visited, lies in an open bay on 
 the sheltered side of the island. It is a clean, healthy town, and 
 can be reached from the northward with little difficulty under 
 sail.^ 
 
 The place presents no particular attractions other than its 
 excellent climate and its frequent mails from the United States. 
 
 The Danish lieutenant in command of the garrison acts as cap- 
 tain of the port, and gives pratique to vessels upon the presenta- 
 tion of a clean bill of health. 
 
 The most convenient anchorage is found abreast the wharf, in 
 5 to 6 fathoms of water. 
 
 The governor resides at Christiansted six months of the year 
 and at St. Thomas the other six. It is not customary to visit 
 him while at St. Croix. Salutes are returned. 
 
 The United States is represented by a vice-consul. 
 
 ST. THOMAS, ^/V. I. 
 
 St. Thomas, the headquarters of the Danish West Indies, is a 
 clean, healthy, attractive port, usually visited for the purpose of 
 replenishing the ship's stores. Sailing vessels have no difficulty 
 in entering or leaving the harbor. 
 
 The harbor master oneets vessels outside, gives pratique, and 
 berths them at convenient anchorages, free of charge. 
 
 There is a governor to be visited. Salutes are returned. The 
 United States is represented by a consul and vice-consul. 
 
 SA:N^ JUAIS^, p. R. 
 
 Leaving St. Thomas or Santa Cruz for San Juan, vessels should 
 spend four or five days in the sheltered waters east of Porto Rico, 
 between it and Culebra Island, for target practice with great 
 guns. The battalion can be landed for drill and target practice 
 with small arms from one of the many convenient anchorages 
 surrounding it. 
 
 San Juan is a clean, healthy port, handsome and well built, and 
 full of interest for the apprentices. Sailing vessels enter with 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 73 
 
 difficulty, owing to the narrowness of channel at the mouth of 
 the bay and the direction of the trade winds. It can be managed, 
 however, with the assistance of a pilot and by taking advantage 
 of favorable slants, which usually occur in the early morning. 
 
 Convenient anchorage can be found in the inner harbor directly 
 off the naval arsenal, in 4 fathoms. 
 
 The authorities to be visited are the commandant of the naval 
 station, the governor of the island, and the commander of the 
 forces. Salutes are returned. 
 
 The harbor master gives pratique to vessels presenting a clean 
 
 bill of health. 
 
 LA GUAYRA. 
 
 Standing to the southward from Porto Rico, La Guayra is a 
 convenient port to visit. The fine mountain scenery, the close 
 proximity of Caracas, the convenient harbor moorings, and the 
 politeness of the officials render it an attractive place. 
 
 The harbor master meets incoming men-of-war, berths them 
 at mooring buoys inside the breakwater, and gives pratique to 
 vessels presenting a clean bill of health. 
 
 The "Pack Saddle," a curved indentation oil the summit of 
 the high mountains resembling a saddle, is a conspicuous land- 
 mark, and lies just over La Guayra. 
 
 The collector of the port is the principal resident official ; he is 
 not entitled to a salute. Salutes are returned. 
 
 The United States is represented by a consul and vice-consul. 
 
 The minister resides at Caracas, and the arrival of the ship 
 can be reported to him by telephone from the consul's office. 
 
 CURAgOA. 
 
 The island of Curagoa possesses peculiar and interesting fea- 
 tures, which render it an attractive port. Willemstad, the cap- 
 ital, is a clean, healthy port, the residence of the governor and 
 principal military authorities. 
 
 The channel being well marked, steamers can proceed directly 
 through the canal into Santa Ana Harbor and anchor vsrithout 
 the assistance of a pilot. 
 
 There is a governor to be visited. Salutes are returned. The 
 United States is represented by a consul. 
 
 The best anchorage is in the Schottegat, near the entrance to 
 the canal, in from 10 to 12 fathoms. 
 
74 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 GUANTANAMO BAY. 
 
 From Curagoa or La Guayra ten days can be profitably spent 
 making the passage to Gnantanamo. 
 
 The climate in winter, is cool and dry, and the water being suf- 
 ficiently bold for vessels to anchor close inshore, excellent facili- 
 ties are offered for landing parties. 
 
 Fresh provisions cannot be obtained nearer than Caimanera, 
 in the upper harbor. 
 
 Vessels can anchor in smooth water anywhere inside of Fish- 
 erman's Point within a few hundred yards of the shore. 
 
 KIXGSTOI^, JAMAICA. 
 
 Kingston, the capital, is a large, handsome city, noteworthy 
 for its excellent climate and its good sanitary condition. The 
 bay is well sheltered and affords excellent opportunities for boat 
 exercise. Permission to land the battalion for drills and target 
 practice at Port Royal can be obtained from the commodore com- 
 manding the naval station. 
 
 There is a governor and general commanding the forces to be 
 visited at Kingston and the commodore of the naval station at 
 Port Royal. 
 
 Salutes are fired at Port Royal. Men-of-war often anchor there 
 and make the official visits before proceeding up to Kingston in 
 order to save the long trip from the city. Vessels making a stay 
 at Port Royal are permitted to tie up to one of the mooring buoys 
 off the navy yard. 
 
 The United States is represented by a consul and vice-consul. 
 
 Pratique is given by the health officer upon presentation of a 
 clean bill of health. 
 
 The most convenient anchorage is directly off the boat landing, 
 in 6 or 7 fathoms, at a point about 200 yards to the westward of 
 the mooring buoy for mail steamers. 
 
 KEY WEST. 
 
 Key West is a healthy, attractive jiort in winter, easily acces- 
 sible. It is usually visited by training ships in order to replenish 
 stores. The harbor is smooth and spacious, and affords good op- 
 portunities for instruction in boat sailing. Coal and supplies of 
 all kinds can be obtained and minor repairs effected at the United 
 States naval station. 
 
U. S. CRUISING TRAINING SHIPS. 75 
 
 Florida Bay and the western coast of Florida to the northward 
 of Key West affords unsurpassed facilities for target practice 
 wdth great guns ; in fact, the whole neighborhood is, in winter, 
 well adapted by climate and situation as a drill ground for train 
 ing ships. 
 
 A health officer from the marine hospital gives pratique. Ves- 
 sels coming from the West Indies after April 1 are subject to five 
 days' quarantine. 
 
 A convenient anchorage can be found in 4 fathoms at a point 
 to the southward and westward of Buoy No. 15. 
 
 GARDINERS BAY. 
 
 Returning in the spring from the winter's cruise in the West 
 Indies, Gardiners Bay presents superior advantages for the third 
 great gun target practice and the final drills and exercises pre- 
 liminary to inspection. 
 
 Training vessels can anchor in Bostwick Bay, under Gardiners 
 Island, in 4i fathoms, within 100 yards of the shore, enabling land- 
 ing parties to be sent on shore with the least possible loss of time. 
 A week could be profitably spent here perfecting the drills, exam- 
 ining the boys, and completing arrangements for transferring 
 them to the receiving ships. 
 
 Respectfully submitted. 
 
 J. J. Hunker, 
 Commander, U. S. Navy, Commanding 
 
 "BAII.EY MEDAL" FOR APPRENTICES. 
 
 Special Circular i* Navy Department, 
 
 No. 30. f Washington, D. C, April 20, 1897. 
 
 1, The " Bailey Medal, " instituted by the late Rear Admiral 
 Theodorus Bailey for the purpose of inciting the apprentices of 
 the United States Navy to greater effort in acquiring proficiency 
 in their duties, will be awarded to one apprentice annually. 
 
 3. After each practice cruise the captain of each of the train- 
 ing ships shall report in writing to the commanding officers of 
 the training stations to which they are attached the names and 
 
76 MANUAL FOR OFFICERS. 
 
 records, including target records, of the apprentices satisfactory 
 in obedience, industry, and conduct, and most distinguished for 
 skill in their duties in a man-of-war. 
 
 3. The commanding officers of the training stations shall 
 appoint boards of three officers each, who shall consider the 
 records and subject the apprentices named to an examination of 
 a purely practical nature, as shown in the following table, with 
 weights to be assigned to each, the marks to be on a scale of 50 : 
 
 Knotting and splicing hemp and wire 50 
 
 Sailmaking.. 50 
 
 Hea,ving lead 50 
 
 Heaving log 25 
 
 Signals _ _. _ 50 
 
 Exercise as captain of gun, main battery 75 
 
 Exercise as captain of gun, secondary battery 50 
 
 School of soldier 75 
 
 Great-gun target firing ^. 50 
 
 Small-arm target firing 50 
 
 Sword exercise 35 
 
 Swimming 25 
 
 Sewing 25 
 
 Knowledge of his accounts with paymaster 25 
 
 Condition of clothing 25 
 
 General conduct and bearing 50 
 
 Total 700 
 
 4. The results in detail of each of these examinations and the 
 recommendations of the boards shall be forwarded to the Depart- 
 ment, and the apprentice having the highest percentage shall 
 receive the medal, the award to be made to the apprentices of 
 the Atlantic and Pacific coasts in alternate years, so that after 
 the first year the award -shall be made upon the markings of the 
 two years preceding the date of the award. 
 
 5. On the 31st day of December of each year the medal will be 
 awarded, beginning with the Atlantic Coast. 
 
 John D. Long, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
,'..-'-..«K<»»i-;j'.-;>,-.»:-,s..' 
 
 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE 
 STAMPED BELOW 
 
 AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS 
 
 WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN 
 THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY 
 WILL INCREASE TO 50 CENTS ON THE FOURTH 
 DAY AND TO $!.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY 
 OVERDUE. 
 
 jLil/M« 'a ^ '"-,,, 
 
 
 ArOv ^1 194^ 
 
 
 
 
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 MAR 1 3 1956 Lii 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 LD21-100m-7,'40(6936 
 
YB 49858