6027 
 A5W7
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 of 
 
 Otufcergitp, 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 
 
 EDITED BY JUSTIN WINSOR, 
 
 LIBRARIAN. 
 
 35 
 
 3STO. 19. 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION 
 
 OF 
 
 nf the 
 '/. A 
 .other 
 
 Tj'thc 
 
 MAPS RELATING TO AMERICA. 
 
 BY JUSTIN WINSOR. 
 
 fosueto 
 
 CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 
 tfje Liftrarg of ^arbatfc 
 1886.
 
 UCLA MAP LIBRARY 
 
 REFERENCE 
 
 ONLY 
 
 Already issued or in preparation : 
 
 A Star prefixed indicates they are not yet ready. 
 
 1. EDWARD S. HOLDEN. Index-Catalogue of Books and Memoirs on the Transits of 
 
 Mercury. 
 
 2. JUSTIN WINSOR. Shakespeare's Poems : a Bibliography of the Earlier Editions. 
 
 3. CHARLES ELIOT NORTON. Principal books relating to the Life and Works of Michel- 
 
 angelo, with Notes. 
 irriN WINSOR. Pietas et Gratulatio. An Inquiry into the authorship of the seve ^ 
 
 pieces. 
 
 _ 
 
 5. LIST OF APPARATUS in different Laboratories of the United States, available for 
 
 Scientific Researches involving Accurate Measurements. 
 
 6. THE COLLECTION OF BOOKS AND AUTOGRAPHS, bequeathed to Harvard College 
 
 Library, by the Honorable Charles Sumner. 
 
 7. WILLIAM C. LANE. The Dante Collections in the Harvard College and Boston Public 
 
 Libraries. 
 
 8. CALENDAR of the Arthur Lee Manuscripts in Harvard College Library. 
 
 9. GEORGE LINCOLN GOODALE. The Floras of different countries. 
 
 10. JUSTIN WINSOR. Halliwelliana : a Bibliography of the Publications of James Orchard 
 
 Halliwell-Phillipps. 
 ^, SAMUEL H. SCUDDER. The Entomological Libraries of the United States. 
 
 A LIST OF THE PUBLICATIONS of Harvard University and its Officers, 1870- Y 8So. 
 i|,MUEL H. SCUDDER. A Bibliography of Fossil Insects. 
 3j,LLiA'4 H. TILLINGHAST. Notes on the Historical Hydrography of the Handkerchief 
 
 , h oal in the Bahamas. 
 
 wsi. WHITNEY. List of American Authors in Geology and Palaeontology. 
 RICHARD BLISS. Classified Index to the Maps in Petermann's Geographische Mit- 
 
 theilungen. 1855-1881. 
 17. RICHARD BLISS. Classified Index to the Maps in the Royal Geographical Society's 
 
 Publications. 1830-1883. 
 
 JUSTIN WINSOR. The Bibliography of Ptolemy's Geography. 
 1.9, JUSTIN WINSOR. The Kohl Collection of Early Maps. 
 
 WILLIAM C. LANE. Index to Recent Reference Lists, 1884-1885. 
 L Lrs'. OF THE PUBLICATIONS of Harvard University and its Officers, 1880-1885. 
 JUSTIN WINSOR. Calendar of the Sparks Manuscripts in Harvard College Lib
 
 Map 
 Library 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 BELONGING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE, WASHINGTON, U.S.A. 
 BY JUSTIN WINSOR, Librarian of the University, 
 
 * # * This collection consists of well - executed 
 hand-copies, with but occasional attempts at repro- 
 duction by fac-simile. The maps are contained in 
 a series of portfolios, and each is mounted on a 
 large sheet of card-board, with marginal tablets or 
 other appendage of description. Little use of color 
 is made in them. The names, legends, drawings, 
 and devices are usually in black ink; the coast shad- 
 ings and larger rivers in a blue wash. The maps 
 vary in size. 
 
 Ur. John G. Kohl, a learned German, and a travel- 
 ler of large experience, was born in Bremen, April 
 28, 1808, but spent many years in Dresden. He had 
 from his early years pursued the study of historical 
 geography. He came to this country in 1854, bring- 
 ing copies which he had made of many maps relat- 
 ing to the progress of discovery in America, some 
 of them from old geographical and other printed 
 treatises, and some from manuscripts of various 
 kinds which he had found in European archives 
 and libraries, public and private. Using an appro- 
 priation from the government, obtained in 1856 
 ($6,000), he prepared this series of copies, as the 
 foundation of an elaborate catalogue of the early 
 maps of the American continent. 
 
 He also, using for illustration some of the same 
 maps, prepared for the Coast Survey memoirs of 
 the early cartography (eastern and western coasts 
 of the present United States and of the Gulf of 
 Mexico), which are described in the Reports of the 
 Survey for 1855 and 1856. As the results of this 
 study, Dr. Kohl later printed in the Zeitschr ift fiir 
 Allgcm. Erdkunde (neue folge, xv), two papers on the 
 " Alteste Geschichte der Entdeckung und Erfor- 
 sehung des Golfs von Mexico und der ihn umgebenclen 
 Kiisten durch die Spanier von 1492 bis 1543," and 
 he confessedly published this essay as a part of his 
 greater work made for the United States Coast Sur- 
 vey. He likewise prepared, what is in good part an 
 excerpt from this larger collection, a memoir on the 
 early cartography of the northwest coast of North 
 America. This manuscript was later in the posses- 
 sion of Professor Henry of the Smithsonian Insti- 
 tution, and was given by him to the American 
 Antiquarian Society, in whose library at Worcester 
 it now is. Cf. the Proceedings of that Society, Oct. 
 1867 ; Apr. 1869, and Apr. 1872. 
 
 Dr. Kohl failed to get from the government all 
 the sanction which he wanted for the publication of 
 his results, and so returned to Europe about 1858, 
 leaving these collections behind him. At home he 
 became the librarian of the city library of Bremen, 
 and prepared and published various studies in his 
 special department ; the chief of which were, first, 
 
 a treatise (1861) on the earliest official maps of 
 America, Die beiden altesten General- karten van 
 America, which was accompanied by fac-similes 
 on a large scale, excellently done, of the well-known 
 maps of 1527 and 1529; and, second, a treatise on 
 the early discovery and cartography of the region 
 known as the Gulf of Maine, with references, 
 however, to some adjacent and even somewhat re- 
 mote parts, which he undertook at the invitation 
 of the Historical Society of Maine. This book, 
 which forms the first volume of the Documentary 
 History of that State, published by that society, is 
 called A History of the Discovery of Maine, and was 
 published, partly at the cost of the State, in 1869. 
 It remains the most important single contribution 
 to the history of the discovery and cartography of 
 our Eastern coast. It was illustrated with numerous 
 sketch maps, mostly, if not entirely, excerpts from 
 this collection, which were used by him under the 
 advantage of greater knowledge and experience than 
 he possessed when he formed the Washington col- 
 lection. He also printed in 1861, at Bremen, a 
 Geschichte der Entdeckung Amerikas, which was 
 translated by R. R. Noel, and published in London 
 in 1862, in two volumes, as a Popular History of the 
 Discm>ery of America from Columbus to Franklin. A 
 treatise on the history of the Gulf Stream was another 
 fruit of these later labors. 
 
 Dr. Kohl has amply set forth his methods and 
 purposes in his favorite study in his introduction to 
 his Discovery of Maine, and he has explained the 
 importance of old maps in historical study in a 
 lecture On the Plan of a Cartographical Depot for tJie 
 History and Geography of the American Continent, 
 which he delivered at the Smithsonian Institution, 
 and which is printed in its Annual Report for 1856, 
 pp. 93-147. Another useful little treatise was also 
 printed by him in Washington in 1857, entitled : A 
 Descriptive Catalogue of those maps, cheats, and sur- 
 veys, relating to America, which are mentioned in Vol. 
 III. of Hakluyfs Great IVork. In this publication he 
 speaks of having studied American maps " a little 
 better than those of the other parts of the world," 
 and calls his tract a part of A General Catalogue of 
 all the maps relating to America, which seems to 
 have been the title intended for the work, which he 
 hoped finally to publish under the patronage of the 
 government. He also printed at this time in The 
 National Intelligencer an interesting paper on " Lost 
 maps." 
 
 Dr. Kohl died at Bremen, Oct. 28, 1878 ; and Mr. 
 Charles Deanc, who had known Kohl well during 
 his sojourn in Cambridge, where he had done much 
 of his work on American maps, using in part the
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 extensive collection of printed maps in the college 
 library, commemorated him in the following De- 
 cember in a notice before the Massachusetts His- 
 torical Society, which is printed in their Proceedings, 
 vol. xvi. p. 381. Kohl's reputation as a student and 
 expounder of comparative cartography was very 
 high. Mr. Major, the eminent head of the map 
 department in the British Museum, referring to Dr. 
 Kohl's Discovery of Maine, spoke of it as " a most 
 admirable work; and I am proud to think (he adds) 
 that it was at my suggestion that the proposal was 
 made to my learned friend to undertake so responsi- 
 ble and learned a task." Mr. Deane properly says 
 of him : " After the death of Humboldt, he was un- 
 questionably the most distinguished geographer in 
 Europe." Mr. James Carson Brevoort, whose own 
 knowledge of early American maps is so critical, 
 accords him the highest place among his contempo- 
 raries; and Mr. Henry C. Murphy, by whose recent 
 death scholarship in this field has lost a devotee 
 of superior attainments, also bears testimony to 
 the rich quality of his work. 
 
 After his return to Europe Dr. Kohl also pub- 
 lished at Berlin in 1877 a Geschichte dcr Entdcckungs- 
 reiscn und Schifffahrten zur Magellan" 1 s-strasse und zu 
 den ihr benachbarten Ldndern und Meeren, mit acht 
 Karten, which had previously appeared in vol. xl. of 
 the Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft fur Erdkimde in Ber- 
 lin. This also he considered a fragment of a greater 
 work, which he proposed to call "Geschichte der Ent- 
 deckimg und Gcographie der Neuen Welt." He had 
 prepared a history of the search for the northwest 
 passage from Cortes to Franklin and McClure, which 
 failing health prevented his putting to press. Some 
 fragments of it were printed however in the periodi- 
 cal Ausland, published at Augsburg. A portrait of 
 him, following a photograph, is engraved in the 
 Narrative and Critical History of America, vol. iii. 
 p. 209; and a memoir is printed in the Beilage zur 
 Allgemeinen Zcitung, Augsburg, July 9, 1879. 
 
 This valuable collection had for twenty-five years 
 remained practically unused in the custody of the 
 Department of State at Washington. At the out- 
 break of the civil war it was temporarily in charge 
 of the War Department, placed in an apartment 
 occupied by troops, and barely escaped destruction. 
 Scholars have occasionally referred to it, but they 
 chiefly brought away from it a sense of its importance 
 and of the want of a key to it. Being in communica- 
 tion with the librarian of that department, THEODORE 
 F. DWIGHT, Esq., the preparation of an annotated 
 calendar for the use of scholars was suggested ; and 
 on his representation of the subject to the Depart- 
 ment permission was promptly obtained to have the 
 maps sent to the College library at Cambridge to 
 facilitate the preparation of such a Calendar. Dr. 
 Kohl had arranged the maps on a system, from 
 which it does not seem necessary to depart. Since 
 he was engaged upon this collection a great advance 
 has been made in the study of early American car- 
 tography. His comments, therefore, are not as use- 
 ful now as formerly ; and though constant use has 
 been made of them, the editor has been obliged to 
 exercise large discrimination, as well as to rectify 
 Kohl's English, whenever it is quoted. Many im- 
 portant and useful maps have been brought to light 
 or made public, which were not known to Dr. Kohl. 
 In order to make the enumeration as useful as pos- 
 sible as a check-list for the -student, notices of many 
 of these additional maps have been inserted in their 
 proper chronological order ; but only such as Dr. 
 Kohl contributes have had a marginal serial number 
 given to them. 
 
 I. 
 THE WORLD BEFORE COLUMBUS. 
 
 1. A symbolic representation of the earth, 
 
 heaven, and sun, from an Egyptian 
 papyrus. 
 
 Dr. Kohl credits this to a hieroglyphic papyrus 
 in the Cabinet des Medailles of the Bibliotheque 
 Nationale in Paris, and to a reproduction given by 
 Charton in his Voyageurs anciens et modernes. 
 
 At the bottom of the picture, as a representation 
 of the earth, is an outstretched human figure, its 
 body spotted with leaves. Heaven is in form of 
 another figure, bent like an arch over the earth, 
 with marks of stars covering its body. Among 
 other symbols, the goddess Maou kneels beneath 
 the arch, with weights on her arms, indicating the 
 force of equilibrium. Outside the arch, on the left 
 and on the right, two boats are represented as carry- 
 ing the rising and setting sun. 
 
 2. Hindu representation of the world. 
 
 Taken from engravings which appeared in the 
 Journal of the Asiatic Society, and in Charton's 
 Voyageurs anciens et modernes. 
 
 It represents an expanded lotus-flower floating on 
 the sea. A surrounding chain of mountains (not 
 shown in the drawing) separates this from the great 
 vacuum. The centre of the flower forms Mount 
 Meru, the residence of the gods, and from this 
 mountain rivers flow in all directions. The leaves 
 represent the great peninsular regions of Asia. 
 
 3. A. D. 550. The universe after Cosmas. 
 
 Taken from a print in Charton's Voyageurs anciens 
 et modernes. 
 
 A case, in shape like the tabernacle of Moses, 
 gives in the upper portion the abode of the Creator. 
 The earth is in the form of a high mountain, round 
 which the sun revolves, and its base is washed by 
 the ocean, arms of which like the Persian Gulf 
 (Persicus), the Arabian Gulf (Arabicus), and the 
 Mediterranean Sea (probably intended by Sinus Ro- 
 manus) indent the foot of the mountain. The Cas- 
 pian Sea (Caspius) is represented on the side of the 
 mountain. 
 
 Cosmas was a geographer of the sixth century. 
 Cf. Humboldt, Examcn critique ; Santarem's Atlas, 
 pi. 3; C. P. Daly, Address on the Hist, of Cartogra- 
 phy, p. 19. 
 
 4. viii. cent. The world. 
 
 A map, found by Libri in the library of Alby, be- 
 longing to a manuscript of the eighth century, and 
 believed by Libri to be the most ancient cartograph- 
 ical monument known to us. Santarem in his His- 
 toire de la Cartograpliie, etc., ii. 23 (Atlas, pi. 2), has 
 analyzed the map, but Kohl, who does not say from 
 what his own copy was made, points out that Santa- 
 rem's description does not wholly agree with it. 
 
 The earth is a huge island of a horse-shoe shape, 
 of wide arms but of narrower apex, lying upon an 
 ocean, a gulf of which, representing the Mediter- 
 ranean sea, fills the space between the arms of the 
 shoe. 
 
 Kohl points out that this geographer of Charle- 
 magne's day did not know so much of the earth as 
 was known in the time of Alexander the Great. 
 Lelewel^vol. i., gives it, and calls it of the eighth 
 century. Jornard, Atlas (pi. xiii.), gives a map re- 
 sembling it, which he calls of the tenth century.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 5. A. D. 787. Spanish map of the -world. 
 
 Kohl says this drawing is based on a tracing, 
 made by him from a copy, belonging to Santarem, 
 of an original, which is a part of the Spanish manu- 
 script commentary on the Apocalypse by an unknown 
 writer, of about 787. Kohl does not say where the 
 original is ; but Santarem has included it in his 
 Atlas, pi 12. 
 
 The earth is a parallelogram with rounded corners, 
 surrounded by the ocean, arms of which cut it like 
 straight canals. 
 
 ix. cent. 
 
 Santarem in his Atlas (pi. 3 and 10), gives two 
 mappemondes of the ninth century ; and Lelewel 
 Atlas (pi. vii.) gives one from a MS. then preserved 
 at Strasbourg, which had been previously published 
 by Mone in the Anzeiger fur Kunde der teutschcn 
 Vorzeit, 1836. 
 
 x. cent. 
 
 Examples of this century, representing an Anglo- 
 Saxon map and an Arabian map may be found in 
 Vivien de St. Martin's Atlas dresse pour fHist. de la 
 Geog., Paris, 1874. The same are also given on a 
 small scale in Daly's Address on the History of Early 
 Cartography, pp. zo, 22. The Anglo-Saxon map is 
 in the British Museum, and was first published by 
 Strutt in his Chronicle of England, vol. ii., and was 
 again published in the Magazin pittoresque, 1840, 
 p. 267, by Santarem in 1842, and in Lelewel's Atlas, 
 pi. vii. Santarem in his Atlas (pi. 3, 4, 6 and 7) 
 also gives four specimens belonging to the tenth 
 century. 
 
 6. xi. cent. The world. 
 
 After an engraved fac-simile in Naumann's Cata- 
 logns libronim manuscriptorum, qui in bibliotheca 
 senatoria civitatis Lipsiensis asservantur (Grima?, 
 1838), which in turn follows an original in a manu- 
 script of the eleventh century, written in the con- 
 vent of St. John in Magdeburg, and containing 
 beside the maps, parts of Horace, Lucan and Sal- 
 lust. Cf. Santarem, Hist, de la Cartographic, ii. 93. 
 
 The earth is circular, surrounded by the ocean, 
 and bisected by a canal-like water, above which is 
 Asia, and below which, another canal at right angles 
 to the first subdivides the lower half, with Europe on 
 the left and Africa on the right. 
 
 There is a small sketch of it in the Atlas of St. 
 Martin (pi. vi. no. 5). Santarem in his Atlas (pi. 8) 
 also reproduces it; and Jomard, Atlas (pi. xiii.), 
 gives it, but calls it of the tenth century. Lelewel, 
 Atlas (pi. ix.), gives it as of the eleventh century. 
 
 xi. cent. 
 
 Santarem, Atlas, pi. 4, 6, and 9, gives other maps 
 of this century, the original of one being in the 
 British Museum, and another is represented as "tire 
 de la Cosmographie d'Azaph." 
 
 The mappemonde de St. Sever found in a Spanish 
 treatise by Beatus on the Apocalypse, preserved at 
 Paris, is given in facsimile in the Choix de Docu- 
 ments geograp/iiquei conserves a la Bibliotheque Na- 
 tionale, Paris, 1883. It is placed in the xith century, 
 and accounts of it are found in Davezac's Une di- 
 gression geographique, Paris, 1870, taken from Le 
 Bibliophile illustre ; and in E. Cortambert's Trois 
 des plus anciens monuments gtographiques du moyen 
 dge, Paris, 1877, taken from the Bull, de la soc. de 
 geographic. 
 
 Lelewel, Atlas (pi. ii.), gives a map of the Egyp- 
 tian Abul Hassan ali Ibn lunis (A. D. 1008), recon- 
 structed ; and, on the same plate, a map representing 
 the habitable globe of this period ; also (pi. v.) a 
 reconstruction of a map by Abu Rihan (A. D. 1030) ; 
 and (pi. vii.) a part of a map after a manuscript at 
 St. Omer, which had been previously published by 
 Mone in the Anzeiger fur Kunde der teutschen Vor- 
 zeit, 1836. 
 
 7. A. D. 1063. The world. 
 
 The original of this is in a manuscript Victorii 
 Canon Paschalis, preserved in the Sir Thomas Phil- 
 lipps' collection in England. 
 
 Kohl, referring to the delineation of a similar map, 
 found at Dijon, given by Santarem, says that its 
 configuration is an ordinary one in the eleventh 
 century. In it we begin first to derive an intelligible 
 idea of the views and aims of the early Portuguese 
 navigators, whose explorations down the African 
 coast harbingered the spirit which led Columbus to 
 undertake his western voyage. 
 
 The earth is circular, surrounded by the ocean. 
 A central belt constitutes the burnt zone. A south- 
 ern belt is thought to be an inhabited region, by 
 analogy, because the northern belt holds that portion 
 of the world known to geographers. This northern 
 belt gives in a rude way Europe and Asia, with 
 northern Africa, as far south as the upper edge of 
 the burnt zone, the island " Meroe " of the Nile 
 lying at this point. On the burnt zone is the follow- 
 ing inscription : 
 
 "Zona terras fusta quam undige sursum et de 
 orsum circum fluit oceanus, qui a suis duabus ex- 
 tremitatibus oriente scilicet et occidente in septem- 
 trionem et austrum ref unditur, qua ref usione reumata 
 id est ebullitiones maris fieri videntur." 
 
 8. xii. cent. The world. 
 
 The original is attached to a commentary on the 
 Apocalypse preserved in the Royal library at Turin. 
 It has been engraved in Pasini's catalogue of that 
 library ; and again in Santarem's Atlas. Kohl con- 
 siders that though the Turin copy may be of the 
 twelfth century, it is probably a copy of a much 
 older original, and points out its resemblance to the 
 Spanish map numbered 5 (above), though the pres- 
 ent map is circular instead of squarish. It is figured 
 by Daly and others as of the eighth century. Jomard, 
 Atlas (pi. xiii.), gives it, and assigns it to the tenth 
 century. Lelewel, Atlas (pi. ix.), calls it of the twelfth 
 century. 
 
 9. xii. cent. The world. 
 
 The original is in the British Museum, and belongs 
 to a manuscript concerning the Apocalypse of St. 
 John, among the Harleian MSS no. 2799. The 
 Museum authorities put it down under this century ; 
 and Kohl agrees with them. 
 
 The earth is circular surrounded by water ; the 
 Mediterranean, Black, and Red Seas are united in a 
 T shaped canal, with the upright part connecting 
 with the external ocean at the west. 
 
 xii. cent. 
 
 Santarem in his Atlas (pi. 4, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, and 
 30) gives other maps of this century, one of which 
 is called " dresse'e par Henri, chanoine de May- 
 ence " ; another, "tiree d'un MS. Liber Guidonis " ; 
 a third from a manuscript of Lambertus in the 
 library at Gand ; and also a planisphere belonging to
 
 6 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 a MS. of the Imago Mundi. The last two are also 
 in the Atlas (pi. viii. ; also xxv.) of Lelewel, who in 
 his Epilogiie to his Geog. du Moyen Age gives several 
 eleventh and twelfth century " rudimenta latina 
 geographer um"; and again in his Atlas (pi. viii.) 
 gives one from a manuscript of A. D. 1119 of the 
 bibliotheque de Bourgogne at Brussels. 
 
 A. D. 1160. 
 
 There are sketches of Edrisi's map of the world 
 in St. Martin's Atlas (pi. vi. no. 10), and in Daly's 
 address, where it is dated 1154. Lelewel (vol. i. 
 and Atlas, pi. x., xi., and xii.) gives it, and dates it 
 1 1 54 ; and he also gives a " tabula rotunda Rogeriana 
 restaurata." 
 
 It is circular, with a surrounding ocean, of which 
 the Mediterranean and Indian seas are arms, run- 
 ning to the centre from the west and east respect- 
 ively. The lakes which feed the Nile are proto- 
 types of the great Albert and Victoria lakes of our 
 day. The map was made by an Arabian geographer, 
 Edrisi, by direction of King Roger of Sicily, and 
 engraved on a round plate of silver, from which 
 what are supposed to be copies exist in the National 
 library at Paris and in the Bodleian at Oxford. 
 The latter copy is the most perfect and has been 
 published by Vincent. 
 
 10. xiii. cent. The world by Mathew of Paris. 
 
 The original belongs to an undated manuscript, 
 Flares historiarum, preserved among the Cottonian 
 MSS. in the British Museum, and Kohl says it re- 
 sembles another map of the same supposable age in 
 the same collection, which I judge to be one of those 
 figured in Santarem's Atlas (pi. 14). It is also in 
 Lelewel. The map gives only the habitable part 
 of the earth, mainly the basin of the Mediterranean 
 Sea and its tributaries, but its features would not be 
 recognized except for the names. It has the follow- 
 ing inscription : 
 
 " Sumatim facta est dispositio mappa mundi 
 magistri Rob' de melkeleya et mappamundi de 
 Waltham. Mappamundi domini regis quod est in 
 camera sua apud westmonasterium figuratur in 
 ordine Mathei de Parisio. Verissimum autem figura- 
 tur in eodem ordine, quod est quasi clamis extensa, 
 talis est suma nostre partis habitabilis secundum 
 philosophos sed quarta pars terre que est triangu- 
 laris fere. Corpus enim tcrre sphericum est." 
 
 Santarem has given this map in his Atlas, pi. 14; 
 and also others of the thirteenth century (pi. 4, 6, 7, 
 21 ), including a planisphere of Cecco d' Ascoli, an- ! 
 other of Irish origin, and a mappamonde preserved 
 in the library at Leipsic. Jomarcl in his Atlas (pi. 
 xiii.) gives one preserved in the British Museum, 
 and another called the Playfair map. 
 
 The well-known map of the world in the Here- 
 ford cathedral, an oval with Jerusalem in the centre, 
 is also assigned to the thirteenth century. It is 
 given in Jomard's Atlas (pi. xiv.). 
 
 11. A. D. 1283. The world by the Arabian, 
 
 Kasvini. 
 
 The original is in the collection of the duke of 
 Gotha. 
 
 A circle of high mountains encloses a circular 
 ocean, within which as a circular island is the earth. 
 The Arabian peninsula is in the centre, with the 
 Red Sea like a sickle about it, the Persian Gulf form- 
 ing with the China seas a parallelogram of water 
 connecting with the external ocean. The Arabian 
 names are translated into German. 
 
 A fac-simile of an Arabian sea-chart of the thir- 
 teenth century, preserved in the Ambrosian library 
 at Milan, was issued by Ongania at Venice in 1881. 
 
 xiv. cent. 
 
 Various other sea-charts, portolanos and plani- 
 spheres of the fourteenth century have been brought 
 before the public of late years. Sea-charts of Pietro 
 Visconte di Genova, of 1311 and 1318, preserved 
 respectively in the archives of Florence, and in the 
 Museo civico of Venice were published in fac-simile 
 in 1 88 1 and 1875 by Ongania of Venice. That of 
 1318 is given also by Santarem, Atlas, pi. 33. On- 
 gania also issued in 1881 an anonymous portolano 
 of 1351, preserved in the Biblioteca Mediceo-Lauren- 
 ziana at Florence (Lelewel also gives this) ; a plani- 
 sphere of Giovanni da Carignano, from the archives 
 of Florence ; and an anonymous portolano from the 
 Biblioteca Marciana. Jomard, in his Atlas (pi. xi.), 
 gives a " Carte Marine " of the fourteenth century, 
 the property of a Pisan family. A facsimile is in- 
 cluded in Choix de documents geographiques conserve's 
 <J la Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, 1883. Jomard also 
 gives (pi. xiii.) a map of near the end of the century. 
 A map from the Chronicle of St. Denis (1364-1372) 
 in the Ste. Genevieve library at Paris, is given in 
 Santarem (pi. 16 and 17), Jomard (pi. xiii.), and 
 Lelewel (pi. xxvi.). 
 
 Santarem also includes in his Atlas (pi. 3, 4, 8, 27, 
 36, 39, 60) two mappemondes, a planisphere belong- 
 ing to a work of Guillaume de Tripoli (also in Lele- 
 wel, pi. xxvi.), a portolano from the Paris library, 
 and a sea-chart from the archives of Luzerne. 
 
 Lelewel, Atlas (pi. xxviii.), gives an "imago 
 mundi" as belonging to a manuscript (Prisciani) 
 of the fourteenth century, in the library at Arras, 
 which had been published in 1836 by Mone in the 
 Anzeigerfilr Kimde der teutschen Vorzeit. 
 
 12. A. D. 1321. The world by Marino Sanuto. 
 
 The original is among the Tanner MSS. in the 
 Bodleian library, and belongs to a treatise Secreta 
 fidelium cruets. 
 
 The map is circular with the earth nearly filling 
 its limits, the ocean forming the outer rim. The 
 Mediterranean is tolerably drawn, as are the British 
 islands and the Scandinavian peninsula. 
 
 Other maps by Sanuto are known, and they have 
 a general likeness to each other. One of 1306 is 
 given by Camden, this has the Fortunate Islands, 
 which are omitted in the map of 1321. Another of 
 1320 was published not wholly accurately by Bon- 
 gars in 161 1 in his Gesta dci per Francos, and this 
 has been figured by St. Martin in his Atlas, pi. vi. 
 no. 3. Santarem (Atlas, pi. 18, 19, 20) gives one 
 from the library at Paris, another from the library 
 at Brussels, and a third of 1321, not placed. 
 
 Lelewel (Atlas, pi. xxvii.) gives a Marino map of 
 1360, as from a Paris manuscript, Chronicon, which 
 he says he perfected by collating the Brussels copy. 
 Jomard, in his Atlas (pi. xiii.), gives a map preserved 
 at Paris, as of the fourteenth century, which closely 
 resembles this no. 12. 
 
 13. A. D. c. 1350. The world by Hygden. 
 
 The original is in the manuscript Polychronicon 
 of Ranulphus Hygden, preserved in the British Mu- 
 seum, the work being a history of the world down 
 to 1357. 
 
 The earth is an oval-like island, with pointed 
 ends, east and west, resting in an ocean of corre-
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 spending shape with some islands in its western 
 parts. Only two seas indent its outline, the Red 
 Sea and Persian Gulf. Paradise is the extreme east- 
 ern apex. 
 
 The map is examined by Santarem in his Histoire, 
 iii. 82. 
 
 14. A. D. c. 1350. The world by Hygden. 
 
 The original is also in the manuscript named 
 under no. 13. 
 
 Its delineation is much more elaborate. The 
 shape is oval, with the longest diameter east and 
 west. The surrounding ocean is filled with islands. 
 The Mediterranean and Indian seas are rudely de- 
 lineated. Cf. Santarem, Hist, de la Cartographic, 
 iii. p. 3. 
 
 St. Martin (Atlas, pi. vi. no. 4) and Lelewel date 
 it 1360. It is also included in Santarem's Atlas 
 (pi. 9). It was figured in the Magasin pittoresque 
 (1849), and from this Lelewel copied it, in his Atlas 
 (pi. xxv.). 
 
 This copy of Kohl's reproduction is without 
 notes; a second copy, 14*, has notes, and is put 
 "about 1360." 
 
 15. A.D. 1367. Atlantic islands by the broth- 
 
 ers Pizigani. 
 
 Dr. Kohl gives only the coasts of south-west 
 Europe and north-western Africa, with the islands, 
 which he identifies with the Canaries, Madeira, and 
 the Azores, considering it one of the earliest rep- 
 resentations of these islands. He says he got his 
 copy from Jomard ; but does not consider it a good 
 one. 
 
 The chart has since been given in full by Jomard 
 (pi. x.) and Santarem (pi. 40). Ongania, of Venice, 
 published in 1881 a fac-simile of a sea-chart of Fran- 
 cisco Pizigani, preserved in the Ambrosian library 
 at Milan, which he dates 1373. 
 
 16. A. D. 1375. Catalan mappemonde. 
 
 This is preserved in the Bibliotheque Nationale 
 at Paris ; and it originally belonged to the library of 
 Charles V. in the Louvre. It is "en langue romane 
 catalane du xiv siecle." 
 
 It represents the known world from the Canaries 
 to Catayo ; but Dr. Kohl only gives the Canary 
 Islands and the adjacent coast. 
 
 It is given in full with a Key in Sophus Ruge's 
 Geschichte des Zcitaltcrs der Entdeckungen, iSSi ; also 
 in Manuscrits de la Bibliotheque du Roi, etc., Paris, vol. 
 xiv. Part 2, p. i ; in Santarem's Atlas (pi. 31, 40); 
 Lelewel's Atlas (pi. xxix.); St. Martin's Atlas (pi. 
 vii. no. i) ; and full size in facsimile in twelve sheets 
 in Clioix de Documents geographiqiies conserves & la 
 Bibl. Nat., Paris, 1883. 
 
 xv. cent. 
 
 Santarem gives three mappemondcs of this cen- 
 tury without definite date, one in the Musee Bor- 
 gia (pi. 24), one in the Medici library at Florence 
 (pi. 26), and the other as given by La Salle. Lele- 
 wel (pi. xxxv.) gives a map of the world as belong- 
 ing to a MS. of Sallust at Geneva. 
 
 Ongania, at Venice, published in iSSi, a fac-simile 
 described as a " Planisfero del mondo conosciuto (in 
 lingua catalana) di anonimo del xv sccolo," from 
 an original preserved in the Biblioteca nazionale at 
 Florence. 
 
 A. D. I4IO. 
 
 A planisphere of Pierre d'Ailly is given in Santa- 
 rem (pi. 15) and in Lelewel (pi. xxviii.). It is de- 
 scribed in Santarem's Hist, de la Cartographies iii., 
 301. 
 
 17. A. D. 14 . . ? Juan da Napoli's Portolano. 
 
 This gives only the Atlantic islands from a porto- 
 lano, which Kohl thinks represents the knowledge of 
 a time not long after 1400. It belongs to an Atlas 
 made in Venice, which is among the Egerton MSS. 
 in the British Museum, whose catalogue, says Kohl, 
 assigns the atlas to 1498. " Ilia da Brazil " is repre- 
 sented off the coast of Ireland. 
 
 A. D. 1417. 
 
 A map of the world belonging to a manuscript of 
 Pomponius Mela in the library at Rheims. 
 
 The earth is within a circle, with the ocean sur- 
 rounding it ; and the Mediterranean, extending into 
 the land, is as usual the prominent feature. 
 
 It is given by Jomard, Atlas (pi. xiii.), as of the 
 fifteenth century; and is also in Santarem, Atlas (pi. 
 22); Lelewel, Atlas (pi. xxxiii.); St. Martin, Atlas 
 (pi. vi. no. 6). 
 
 A. D. 1424. 
 
 Santarem (pi. 41) gives a "Carte de la biblio- 
 theque de Weimar." 
 
 A. D. 1426. 
 
 A portolano of a Venetian hydrographer Giacomo 
 Giraldi is preserved in the Biblioteca Marciana at 
 Venice. It was reproduced at Venice in iSSi by 
 Ongania. 
 
 18. A. D. 1436. The Atlantic Islands by Andrea 
 Bianco. 
 
 19. A. D. 1436. The world by Andrea Bianco. 
 
 The original of no. 19 is preserved in the Biblio- 
 teca Marciana at Venice. Kohl implies that No. 18 
 is not taken from no. 19, but follows an independent 
 sea-chart by Bianco, in which this portion of the 
 large map was reproduced with the names " Antil- 
 lia," etc. inserted, while they were omitted in the 
 larger map, at least Lelewel omits them, whose 
 engraving Kohl follows. There is a " Carta nau- 
 tica" by Bianco, dated 1448, preserved in the Biblio- 
 teca Afnbrosiana at Milan, and of this a fac-simile 
 was issued by Ongania at Venice in iSSi. 
 
 Map no. 19 is given in full in Lelewel (pi. xxxii.) 
 and in Santarem (pi. 23, 43) ; and other references 
 are given in Winsor's Bibliography of Ptolemy's Geog- 
 raphy, sub anno 1478. 
 
 Bianco's views arc of interest in early American 
 cartography from the deductions which some have 
 drawn from the configuration of the islands " Antil- 
 lia" and "De la man Satanaxio," two islands on 
 its western verge, that they represent Pre-Colum- 
 bian discovery of South and North America. Hum- 
 boldt, Crit. Untersuchungen, i. 413, 416, has discussed 
 this question, and pointed oui that an island " Antil- 
 lia " had earlier appeared on a map of 1425, and 
 Davezac finds much earlier references to such an 
 island. Santarem (Hist, de la Cartographie, &<;., iii. 
 366, has fully described Bianco's work.
 
 8 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. 1439. 
 
 Santarem (pi. 54) gives a " Carte de Gabriell de 
 Valsequa, faite a Mallorcha en 1439." 
 
 A. D. 1447. 
 
 This is described in a fac-simile issued by On- 
 gania at Venice in iSSi, as a " planisfero terrestre 
 di forma ellitica di anonimo, in lingua latina, dell' 
 anno 1447." The original is in the Biblioteca Na- 
 zionale at Florence. 
 
 Lelewel, in his Epilogue, p. 167, refers to a Geno- 
 vese map in the Pitti Palace, which gives Greenland 
 as " Grinlandia " ; and it is also referred to by De 
 Costa in the Mag. of Amer. History, Apr. 1883, p. 
 290, who confirms the date, 1447, as given by Lelewel, 
 though Santarem, Hist, de la Cartog., iii. p. xix. put it 
 1417. 
 
 20. A. 0.1448. The world by Giovanni Lear do. 
 
 Dr. Kohl gives this map, which is of the ordinary 
 circular form, free from most of the names, which 
 fill it; but Santarem (pi. 25) gives it with the names. 
 The map is at Vicenza, where it was discovered forty 
 or fifty years ago by M. Lazari. Cf. Santarem, Hist, 
 de la Cartographie, etc., iii. 398. A fac-simile of it 
 was issued at Venice in 1880 by Ongania, with the 
 date of 1452. 
 
 A. D. c. 1450. 
 
 A fac-simile of this map preserved in the Museo 
 Comunale at Mantua, issued at Venice by Ongania 
 in 1881, describes it as a "Portolano membranaceo 
 di anonimo dell' anno 1450 (circa)." 
 
 A. D. 1455. 
 
 A sea-chart by Bartolomeus de Pareto, show- 
 ing " Antillia," and an island farther west named 
 "Roillo." I am not aware that any copy of it has 
 been published. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's 
 Geog., sub anno 1478. 
 
 21. A. D. 1460. The -world by Fra Mauro. 
 
 The original is preserved at Venice, in the Biblio- 
 teca Marciana. 
 
 It is circular, and the delineation of Asia is better 
 than on preceding maps. Kohl says that Mauro 
 knew the works of the Italian and Arabian geog- 
 raphers, and the marine charts of the Portuguese, 
 which were given to him by Don Alonzo V. 
 
 Dr. Kohl speaks of the most exact copy made of 
 it by order of Lord Ilobart in 1804, ansl of the re- 
 production given by Vincent in Commerce and Navi- 
 gation of the Ancients, 1797 and 1807. lie thinks it 
 was finished in 1460. It is given by Santarem (pi. 
 43-49) with the dates 1459 and 1460. Lelewel (pi. 
 xxxiii.) places it 1457-59. Ruge in his Geschichte 
 des Zcitalters dcr Entdcckungcn, iSSi, gives it and 
 dates it 1459. A photographic fac-simile, issued at 
 Venice in 1877, by Minister (Ongania), dates it 1457, 
 and St. Martin (pi. vii. no. 3) follows this fac-simile. 
 
 A. D. 1467-1471. 
 
 Marine charts of Grazioso Benincasa, given in 
 Santarem (pi. 55-58). 
 
 A.D. 1474- 
 
 The map which the Italian geographer, Toscanelli, 
 sent to Columbus, and which influenced him, though 
 
 known to be preserved in Madrid in 1527, has not 
 since been traced. Lelewel, Geog. du Moyen Age, ii. 
 130. An attempted restoration of it is given in St. \ 
 Martin's Atlas (pi. ix.) | 
 
 A. D. 1475. f 
 
 Mappemonde in the Rudimentorum ncwitiorum, 
 given by Santarem (pi. 28). 
 
 A. D. 1476. 
 
 A portolano of Andreas Benincasa, given in St. 
 Martin (pi. vii.), and in Lelewel (pi. xxxiv.). A ''.. 
 much reduced sketch is given by Daly, p. 26. 
 
 It shows " Antilio " as a western island, and the 
 "Isola de Brajill," west of Ireland. 
 
 A. D. 1482. 
 
 The mappemonde, in the edition of Ptolemy 
 published at Ulm, represents " Engroneland " as 
 stretching from northwestern Europe, and it is said 
 the map was made before 1471. 
 
 A. D. 1486. 
 
 What is known as the Laon globe, though dated 
 1493, represents rather the knowledge of this time. 
 It gives " Grolandia '' as an island of the Norway 
 coast, and has an island, " Antela." Davezac gives 
 a projection of it in the Bulletin de la Socitte de 
 Gcographie (1860), xx. 417. Cf. also Davezac on 
 the " lies fantastiques " of the middle ages in the 
 Nouvelles Annales des Voyages, 1845. 
 
 22. A. D. 1489. The Atlantic Islands by Chris- 
 
 tofalo Soligo. 
 
 The original is preserved among the Egerton 
 MSS. in the British Museum, in a portolano of 
 different Venetian map-makers. There is no date, 
 but 1489 is given in the Catalogue of the Museum as 
 the approximate date of the collection. 
 
 Kohl thinks the chart based on that of Benincasa 
 (1463), which he says is in his collection, but no copy 
 of it is found here. "Antillia" is called " Y. de 
 Sete Zitade," and is put west of the Azores, and 
 this group as well as others includes various fabu- 
 lous islands. 
 
 23. A. D. 1490. Portuguese map of the world. 
 
 The original is annexed to a Latin theological 
 treatise (MS.) in the British Museum, and because 
 it marks the extent of the Portuguese exploration 
 of the African coast in 1489, and does not show the 
 results of Vasco da Gama's voyage, Kohl places it 
 about 1490. He says the language of the map is 
 partly Portuguese and in part Italian, and his con- 
 clusion is that it is the work of an Italian settled in 
 Lisbon. The western shore of Africa is given with 
 approximate correctness, much better than in any 
 earlier map. A long peninsula at the northwest of 
 Europe, though without name, seems to correspond 
 to what is called in other maps Greenland. 
 
 I suppose it to be the map given "for the first 
 time " in Santarem (pi. 50). 
 
 A. D. 1492. 
 
 The Globe of Behaim, preserved at Nuremberg, 
 represents the best knowledge at the time of the 
 sailing of Columbus, though Pcschel (Zeitalters der 
 Entdeckitngen, 1858, p. 90) allows Behaim to have
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 been but a mediocre cosmographer. Reproductions 
 of it are given in Santarem (pi. 61) and in St. Mar- 
 tin (pi. ix. ), and in other places mentioned in Win- 
 sor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geog., sub anno, 1478. 
 Lelewel, who gives it (pi. xl.), says in his Epilogue, 
 p. 184, that the Behaim family caused it to be put in 
 good order in 1825, after it had been long neglected 
 in the town hall at Nuremberg ; and that in 1847 a 
 copy of it was made for the Depot Geographique at 
 Paris. 
 
 24. A. D. 1493. Map in the Nuremberg 
 
 Chronicle. 
 
 This is a sketch from the map in Hartmann 
 Schedel's Liber Chronicarum, usually known as the 
 " Nuremberg Chronicle," having been published in 
 that city. 
 
 The map preserves the old idea of the connectipn 
 of Africa and Asia enclosing the Indian Sea. 
 
 25. A. D. 1497. Vasco da Gama's route. 
 
 Dr. Kohl includes this modern map, in which Da 
 Gama's route to and from India by the Cape of 
 Good Hope is pricked, to show how near he came 
 to the South American coast, which Cabral, on a 
 similar voyage, discovered three years later. The 
 route is that established by the studies of Diogo 
 Hopke and Costa Paiva. 
 
 A. D. 1497. 
 
 A carta nautica of Conte Freducci, preserved at 
 Wolfenbiittel, shows an " isola de Bra9il." Cf. Le- 
 lewel, ii. 1 06; Studi biog. e bibliog. delta Soc. geog. 
 italiatia, ii. 94 ; Santarem, in Bull, de la Soc. geog. de 
 Paris, 1847, i. p. 312. 
 
 II. 
 
 THE TWO AMERICAS. 
 
 26, 27. A. D. 1500. Juan de la Cosa. 
 
 These duplicate maps represent the American 
 parts of the La Cosa map now at Madrid. Kohl 
 copies the representation of it given in connection 
 with Humboldt's essay appended to Ghillany's Ritter 
 Martin Behaim. ( 1853). Humboldt had earlier given 
 the American parts in his Examen Critique, vol. v. 
 (1839), but not very accurately. The best reproduc- 
 tion of the whole map is in Jomard's Atlas, pi. 16, 
 and there are reductions from Jomard in Stevens's 
 Hist, and Geog. Notes, 1869, pi. i, and (with refer- 
 ences) in the Narr. and Crit. Hist, of America, iii. 
 p. 8. Other reproductions of the American part 
 are in Lelewel's Atlas, no. 41, and in De la Sagra's 
 Cuba. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geog., 
 sub anno 1508; the App. to Irving's Columbus and 
 Enrique de Leguina's Juan de la Cosa, Estudio Bio- 
 grafico, Madrid, 1877. 
 
 A. D. 1501-1505. 
 
 A Portuguese chart of this date is supposed to 
 be given in the map of the 1513 Ptolemy (see post, 
 no. 32). Another in that preserved at Munich, which 
 is given by Kunstmann in his Atlas, pi. iii., and by 
 Kohl in his Discovery of Maine, p. 174. A chart 
 resembling these two 'has been found in the posses- 
 sion of the Este family in Modena, on which the 
 exact date of 1502 is given. It is described, with a 
 facsimile, in Harrisse's Cortereals ; and is also re- 
 ferred to in his Cabojs, pp. 143, 158. The map as- 
 
 cribed to Pedro Reinel is also at Munich, and is 
 likewise given by Kunstmann ; but there is strong 
 ground for suspecting it to be of considerably earlier 
 date, perhaps antedating Cabot. Cf. references in 
 Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geog., sub anno 1508. 
 
 Peter Martyr mentions a chart said to have been 
 made for the Portuguese by Vespucius, which is not 
 now known. Santarem has pointed out that the 
 narrative of Corsal in Ramusio shows that charts 
 were often sent from Portugal during these years to 
 the Portuguese ambassador in Rome. 
 
 28. A. D. 1508. 
 
 Ruysch in the Ptolemy of 
 1508. 
 
 Dr. Kohl refers to Humboldt's introduction to 
 Ghillany's Martin Behaim ; Walckenaer's Recherches 
 geographiques sur I' Interieur de I'Afrique septentrio- 
 nale, and the Biographic Universelle, vi. 207. 
 
 There are reproductions of the map in Santarem, 
 Lelewel, and in various other places named in Win- 
 sor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geog., sub anno 1508. An 
 original copy of the map is in Harvard College li- 
 brary. A section of the northern part is given in 
 the Journal of 'the Amer. Geog. Society, vol. xii. p. 179. 
 Cf. Stevens's Bibliotheca Geog., no. 3058. It is thought 
 that Ruysch used Columbus's draughts. 
 
 Harrisse, Notes on Columbus, p. 56, thinks Ruysch's 
 map is referred to by Johannes Trithemus in a letter, 
 Aug. 12, 1507 (published in his Epistolae Familiar es, 
 1536), in which he complains that he could not af- 
 ford to purchase a map of the new world for forty 
 florins. 
 
 A. D. 1510-1512. 
 
 The Lenox globe, preserved in the Lenox library 
 in New York, of which drawings are given in the 
 Mag. of Amer. Hist., Sept. 1879; Ency. Brit., x, 681, 
 etc. ; and Narr. and Crit. Hist, of America, iii. p. 212. 
 
 A.D. 1511. 
 
 A carta nautica of Salvat de Pilestrina of Majorca, 
 preserved in the archives of the Ministry of War in 
 Munich. Cf. Kunstmann, Die Entdeckung Amerikas, 
 p. 129; Thomas, Der Periplus dcs Pont. Eux., p. 7 ; 
 and Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geography, sub 
 anno 1508. 
 
 29,30. A.D. 1511. In Sylvanus's Ptolemy. 
 
 No. 29 is the western half of this cordiform map ; 
 no. 30 gives the whole map, with minor errors cor- 
 rected in pencil by Dr. Kohl. 
 
 The map is given in Lelewel (pi. xlv), and there 
 are various references in Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptole- 
 my's Geography, sub anno* 1511. Kohl's drawings 
 are taken from the Grenville copy on vellum in the 
 British Museum; and he points out how the contour 
 of South America is the same as that of the Ruysch 
 map, while Cuba is completed as an island, and 
 Greenland is restored to its earlier connection with 
 Europe. Cf. Zurla, Marco Polo, ii. 358. 
 
 A. D. 1511. 
 
 The map described by D'Avezac in his Atlas hy- 
 drographique de 1511 du genois Vesconte de Maggiolo, 
 Paris, 1871, originally in BuKctin de la Soc. Geog. de 
 Paris, 1870, p. 404. 'The original is in the collection 
 of Don Riccardo Heredia in Madrid, having been 
 bought by him at public sale in Paris in 1870 for 
 1500 francs. It is inscribed " Vesconte de Maiolo
 
 IO 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 civis Janue composuy in Neapoles de anno 1511, die 
 xx January." It shows America from Labrador to 
 Cape St. Augustine. Cf. Desimoni in Giornale Li- 
 gustico, ii. 52 ; Studi Biog. e Bibliog. del la Soc. geog. ital., 
 li. p. 106, and references to the cartographical work 
 of Maggiolo (Maiolo) in Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptole- 
 my's Geog., sub anno 1511. 
 
 A. D. 1511. 
 
 Peter Martyr's map of the West India islands and 
 adjacent coast was published with his first Decade, 
 Legatio Babylonica, at Seville, and has been repro- 
 duced in various places. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of 
 Ptolemy's Geog., sub anno 1513. Few copies of the 
 original are known. Harrisse is inclined to think 
 that it does not belong to Peter Martyr's book, be- 
 cause three copies in the original vellum, which he 
 has examined, do not have it. Cf. Stevens, Bibl. 
 Geog., no. 2954. Brevoort, Verrazano, p. 102, thinks 
 its publication may have been offensive to the Span- 
 ish government, which might consequently have sup- 
 pressed it. The later editions of 1516 and 1530 have 
 no map. Brevoort adds that no official map of 
 America was /"// in Spain till 1790. The Cabot 
 map of 1544 seems to have been compiled from 
 Spanish sources ; but it is not known where it was 
 published ; and that but a single copy is saved to us 
 may also signify that it was suppressed by Spanish 
 influence. The map of Medina in 1545 was a mere 
 sketch. 
 
 31. A. D. 1512. Stobnicza. 
 
 A facsimile of the rare map belonging to Johannes 
 de Stobnicza's Introductio in Claudii Ptholomei Cos- 
 mographid, Cracovia, 1512. Kohl used the copy in 
 the Munich library. There are other copies now 
 known, and for notes of these, and other references, 
 see Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geography, sub 
 anno 1512. There are facsimiles of the map in 
 whole or in part in the Cartcr-Brrnvn Catalogue, Narr. 
 and Grit. Hist, of America, iii. 13; and in Daly's Ad- 
 dress on Early Cartography, p. 32. 
 
 A. D. 1512-14. 
 
 A sketch of the northern and southern hemi- 
 spheres, of four gores each, in the Queen's collec- 
 tion at Windsor, and ascribed by R. II. Major, in the 
 Archa;ologia, vol. xl., to Leonardo da Vinci, and 
 placed under 1512-1514. Wieser, in his filagalliaes- 
 Strasse, gives it a modern hemispherical projection, 
 and puts it in 1515-1516. It has lately been asserted 
 that it is not the work of Da Vinci. Cf. J. P. Rich- 
 ter's Da Vinci. 
 
 32. A. 0.1513. In the Strasbourg Edition of 
 
 Ptolemy. 
 
 This is the "Tabula Terre nove " of this edition, 
 and Kohl points out that the names on the South 
 American coast are carried no farther west than the 
 extent of the voyage of Hojeda in 1499, and no far- 
 ther south than Vespucius went in 1503, while the 
 connection, which is made between the northern and 
 southern continents, must have been based on reports, 
 without particulars. 
 
 This map, supposed to have been in some way 
 connected with Columbus's own charts is often called 
 " the admiral's map," and its connection with Cabral 
 and Vespucius has also been supposed. The maker 
 of the map was Waldseemiiller or Hylacomylus, anc l 
 .Lelewel (ii. 143) gives reasons for believing that it 
 had been engraved and sold as early as 1507, having 
 
 been made at the expense of Duke Rene II. ; but 
 the plate does not seem to have been used in any 
 book till in this 1513 edition of Ptolemy. Lelewel 
 supposes it to be in effect a Portuguese chart made 
 in 1501-1504, and engraves it as such (pi. 43) and it 
 is known that La Cosa complained of the Portu- 
 guese frequenting the coast in 1503. Facsimiles of 
 the map are given in Varnhagen's Premier Voyage 
 de Vespucci ; Stevens's Hist, and Geog. Notes, pi. 2, 
 and Narr. and Grit. Hist, of Amer., iv. p. 34. Cf. 
 the references in Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geog., 
 sub anno 1513. 
 
 Of the other map in this Ptolemy, " Orbis typus 
 universalis," Kohl gives no copy ; but a facsimile can 
 be found in Ruge's Geschichte des Zeitalters der Ent- 
 dcckungcn, Berlin, 1881. It shows a part of South 
 America, with the islands " Isabella " and " Spa- 
 gnolla," with a bit of coast to the north which, seems 
 to represent the Cortereal regions. Greenland pro- 
 jects from Europe. 
 
 Cf. D'Avezac's Martin Hylacomylns Waltzemiiller, 
 ses outrages ct ses Collaboratcurs, Paris, 1867, ex- 
 tracted from the Annales des Voyages, 1866. 
 
 A. D. 1514. 
 
 A map (12 gores of a globe) found in a copy of 
 \\\&Cosmographiac Introductio, Lugduni, and engraved 
 in a Catalogue of Tross, the Paris bookseller, 1881. 
 Harrisse, in his Cabots, p. 182, has ascribed it to 
 Louis Boulengcr. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's 
 Geog., sub anno 1522. 
 
 A. D. 1514-1520. 
 
 A Portuguese portolano given in Kunstmann's At- 
 las, pi. iv., and in Stevens's A r otcs, pi. v. Cf. Win- 
 sor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy s Geog., sub anno 1522. 
 
 33. A. D. 1515. Reisch's Margarita Fhiloso- 
 phica. 
 
 A facsimile of the map in this book, which was 
 published at Strasbourg in 1515. Kohl used a copy 
 in the library at Munich. The name " Zoanamela " 
 is given to North America, borrowed, Kohl thinks, 
 from the Paesi nffvamente retrovati (lib. iv.), where it 
 is said Columbus discovered a country of this name. 
 Both Cuba and Santo Domingo are called " Isabel- 
 la." South America is called " Paria seu Prisilia." 
 
 The map resembles the " Terre Nove " of the 
 1513 Ptolemy. The Ptolemy map is bounded on 
 the west by the edge of the sheet, which cuts at the 
 same place, where a scale of longitudes is placed in 
 the Rcisch map. West of this scale is "Zipagiu 
 insula," which is thus put relative to the new lands 
 in the same position as in the Stobnicza map. The 
 river with three mouths, running into the gulf, which 
 is in the Ptolemy map (thought by some to represent 
 the Ganges), is left out by Reisch. Others, like 
 Varnhagen, have considered this gulf that of Mexico, 
 and the river the Mississippi. 
 
 There is a facsimile of Reisch's map in Stevens's 
 Hist, and Geog. Notes, pi. 4. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of 
 Ptolemy's Geog., sub anno 1513. 
 
 The first edition of Reisch appeared at Freibourg 
 in 1503- In the next year (1504) there were two 
 editions, one Schott, the other Griininger, which 
 is priced by Leclerc (Americana, no. 2965) at 200 
 francs, and has a mappcmonde, with no other indi- 
 cation of America than the inscription near the 
 African coast : " Hie non terra sed mare est in quo 
 mira; magnitudinis insula; sed Ptolemaso fuerunt in- 
 cognita?." Quaritch (no. 12,363) had a copy dated 
 1508, with the same map, which he called " the only
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 II 
 
 known copy in which the map is to be found." The 
 edition of 1515 had the map above noticed. (Har- 
 risse, Bib. Am. Vet. no. 82 ; Additions, no. 45, noting 
 copy in the Imperial library at Vienna.) That of 
 1517 (Basle) has a woodcut map which is still differ- 
 ent. (Beckford Catalogue, iii. no. 1256.) Not till 
 1535 did any edition have any reference in the text 
 to America. Bib. Am. Vet. no. 208. The latest 
 edition was in 1583, which was published at Basle. 
 It has a map of the world showing America. 
 (Leclerc, no. 2926.) It is priced at 25 marks 
 and 7. 
 
 A. D. 1519. 
 
 Portolano by Maiollo figured in Kunstmann's Atlas 
 (pi. v.), in Santarem, and in Thomas's Der Periplus 
 des Pont. Enx. It shows the Atlantic coast and the 
 line of demarcation. Cf. Studi biog. e bibliog. ddla 
 Soc.geog. ital. ii. p. 109; Atti Soc. ligitre, 1867, p. 92; 
 Kohl, Die beidcn Generalkarten 30, 146 ; Desimoni 
 in Giornale ligitstico. ii. p. 54. 
 
 Enciso, in the dedication of his Suma de Gcogra- 
 phia, Sevilla, 1519, mentions a map which he had 
 made to elucidate his text for Charle.s I. (Charles 
 V., later) ; but it is not now known. 
 
 34. A. D. 1520. The Frankfort Globe. 
 
 Only the American parts, with Japan, (Zipangu) 
 are given of a globe preserved at Frankfort-on-the- 
 Main. 
 
 Kohl conjectures the date to be 1520 because of 
 its correspondence with a globe of that date made 
 by Schoner, and he suspects this may also be the 
 work of that globe-maker, while Wieser, in his 
 Magalh&ts-Strasse (p. 19), where an engraving of it 
 is given, declares it to be the globe made to accom- 
 pany Schoner's Luadcntissima qiHzdatn Terra totius 
 Descriptio, printed in 1515, and of which two copies 
 are now known. This at Frankfort, of which Jo- 
 mard (pi. 15) gives a drawing, and another at Wei- 
 mar. Cf. references in Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's 
 Gcog., sub anno 1522. 
 
 35. A. D. 1520. Schoner's Globe. 
 
 Only the American portion is given, but without 
 comments. The globe is preserved at Nuremberg, 
 and there are representations of it given in Kohl's 
 Geschichte der Entdeckungsreisen zur Magellan's- 
 Strasse, Berlin, 1877, p. 8 ; in I far per' s Magazine, 
 Dec. 1882, p. 731 ; in Ghillany's Martin Behaim, 
 Santarem, Lelewel, Wieser, etc. Cf. references in 
 Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Gcog., sub anno 1522. 
 
 36. A. D. 1 520. In Camera's Edition of Solinus. 
 
 This cordiform map is by Petrus Apianus (or 
 Bieiiewitz, as he was called in his vernacular), ap- 
 peared in the Polyhistoria of Solinus, edited by 
 the Italian monk, Camers, and also in 1522 in the 
 De Orbis Situ of Pomponius Mela, published by 
 Vadianus. 
 
 There are facsimiles of this map in the Carter- 
 Brmvn Catalogue, and in Santarem 's Atlas. 
 
 Cf. references in Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's 
 Geograf/ty, sub anno, 1522. 
 
 37. A. D. 1522. In the Ptolemy of 1522. 
 
 The map " Orbis Typus Universalis," signed " L. 
 F.," showing part of South America and Cuba, the 
 whole of " Spagnollo," and no other part of Amer- 
 ica; "Islandia" (Iceland) being placed off the point 
 
 of Norway, and " Gronland" being shown as a pro- 
 jection of Europe. The name AMERICA is on South 
 America. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geog., 
 sub anno 1^22. This map of Laurentius Frisius 
 was repeated without change of date in the Ptolemy 
 of 1525, and again in that of 1535. 
 
 Kohl does not include in this collection another 
 map of this 1522 Ptolemy, called "Tabula terre 
 nove," which is a re-engraving of the map numbered 
 32, ante. Also repeated in the 1525 and 1535 
 editions. 
 
 A. D. 1524. 
 
 Two small maps in Apian's Cosmographicus liber, 
 published at Landshut. Cf. Harrisse, Bibl. Am. 
 Vet. no. 127, and Additions, p. 87. The edition of 
 1529 (B. A. V no. 148) has annotations by Gemma 
 Frisius, a pupil of Apian ; and in the same year his 
 Cosmographies introdnctio (1529) is an abridgment 
 of the large work (B. A. V. no. 149). The Ant- 
 werp edition (1528) of the Cosmog. liber has no map. 
 There were other editions at Venice in 1 533, and at 
 Antwerp in 1534. (B. A. V. nos. 148, and Addi- 
 tions, nos. 88, 100, 106.) Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of 
 Ptolemy, sub anno 1540; and Harrisse, Notes on 
 Columbus, p. 174. 
 
 The Premontre globe of about this date. Cf. 
 Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy, sub anno 1540. 
 
 A. D. 1525. 
 
 Harrisse, Bib. Am. Vet. no. 133, cites the Yslegting 
 der Mer-Carthen or Cartha Marina, and ascribes it 
 to Laurentius Frisius. It has two large maps. 
 Kohl gives a portion of the northeast coast of 
 America (later to be mentioned). The 1530 ed., 
 Underweidung und Auslegung der Cartha Marina, 
 published at Strasburg (B. A. V. no. 158), has no 
 maps. 
 
 A. D. 1526. 
 
 A map by the Monk Franciscus, figured in Lele- 
 wel, pi. 46, showing North America as a part of 
 Asia. The original is called " Hoc orbis hemispha:- 
 rum cedit regi Hispaniai." It appeared in the De 
 orbis situ ac dcscriptione Francisci epistola. Cf. Har- 
 risse, Bib. Amer. Vet. no. 131, where it is put under 
 
 38. A. D. 1527. The so-called Hernando Colon 
 
 map. 
 
 The original (on parchment) is anonymous, and 
 in the Grand-Ducal library at Weimar, and is dated 
 at Seville in 1527. During the sixteenth and seven- 
 teenth centuries it had been kept in Nuremberg. 
 Kohl, as has been the custom, assigns it to Ferdi- 
 nand Columbus, but Harrisse dismisses his and 
 other claims, and is inclined to ascribe it to Nuno 
 Garcia de Toreno. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's 
 Geog., sub anno 1540, for references. It shows the 
 line of demarcation, as established between Spain 
 and Portugal, or rather the Spanish view regarding 
 that vexed question. Kohl later published a fac- 
 simile of the American parts of this map in his Die 
 beiden dltesten Generalkarten von Amerika, Weimar, 
 1860. 
 
 39. A. D. 1527. Robert Thome's map. 
 
 This map was made by an English merchant, 
 living in Seville, who sent it to England, where it 
 was published by Hakluyt in his Divers Voyages
 
 12 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 in 1582, and is reproduced in the Hakluyt Society's 
 edition of that book ; and for the American portion 
 in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iii. 17, and in 
 Brown's Cafe Breton, p. 22. Thorne professes to 
 have " discovered the secrets " of the licensed map- 
 makers of Spain. 
 
 Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy, sub anno 1540. 
 
 A. D. 1527. 
 
 A map by Maiollo, preserved in the Biblioteca 
 Ambrosiana at Milan, which is in part figured in 
 Desimoni's Giovanni Verrazzano, 3d app., Genoa, 
 1882 ; and in the Narr. and Crit. Hist, of America, 
 vol. iv. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geog., 
 sub anno 1540. The date has been altered to 1587. 
 Studi biog. e bibliog. della soc. geog. ital., 1882, ii. pp. 
 "3> 154- 
 
 A. D. 1527. 
 
 The Studi biog. e bibliog. della soc. geog. ital. ii. p. 
 113, and Atti soc. ligure, 1867, p. 174, refer to a map 
 of Baptista Agnese of this date in the British Mu- 
 seum ; but the date is earlier than is usually assigned 
 to this cartographer. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's 
 Geog., sub anno 1540. 
 
 The Studi, etc., ii. p. 114, also cites a carta 
 nautica of about 1527, preserved in the Biblioteca 
 Laurenziana, at Florence, which shows the east 
 coast from Labrador to the Straits of Magellan. 
 
 40. A. D. 1528. The world by Coppo. 
 
 The original belongs to a rare book called : Por- 
 tolano delli Lochi maritimi ed isole de Mar . . . com- 
 posto per Piero Coppo, Venetia, 1528, of which there 
 is a copy in the Grenville Collection, British Mu- 
 seum. The representation, which fills two pages of 
 the book, is different from any other. America is 
 represented by a large group of islands, of which 
 " Mondo Novo" (South America) is the most exten- 
 sive. Cf. Zurla, Fra Mauro, p. 9, and his Marco 
 Polo, ii. p. 363 ; Harrisse, Bib. Am. Vet., no. 144. 
 The Kohl MS. in the Amer. Antiq. Soc. has another 
 drawing of the map, and it is sketched in the Narr. 
 and Crit. Hist, of America. 
 
 Coppo refers to Columbus in a passage quoted by 
 Harrisse, Notes on Columbus, p. 56, from a citation 
 in Morelli's Operette, i. 309. 
 
 A. D. 1528. (See no. 48.) 
 
 The map of the world in Bordone's Libra, later 
 known as the Isolario. It is sketched in H. H. Ban- 
 croft's Central America, i. 144. Lelewel (pi. 46) 
 dates it 1521, since all the maps in the book are sup- 
 posed to have been made then or earlier. It was 
 reissued in 1533. Cf. references in Winsor's Bibliog. 
 of Ptolemy's Geog., sub anno 1540. 
 
 41, 42. A. D. 1529. Ribero's map. 
 
 These copies give only the American parts of this 
 map of the world. Kohl in these drawings copied 
 the draft of it by Giissefeldt, which was given in a 
 monograph by M. C. Sprengel, Vber Ribero's alteste 
 Welt-karte, published in 1795, which followed a copy 
 at Jena, and which Kohl says he follows in lieu of 
 something better. In 1860, Kohl reproduced the 
 Weimar original in his Die beiden dltesten General- 
 Karten von America. The entire map is given in 
 Santarem ; in Lelewel, and in Riige's Gcschichte des 
 Zeitalters der Entdeckungen (1883). There is another 
 early copy in the Archivio del Collegio di Propa- 
 
 ganda at Rome. Cf. the references in Winsor's 
 Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geog., sub anno 1540, and the 
 Bull, de la Soc. de Geog. de Paris (1847), i. p. 309. 
 
 Referring to the Newfoundland region, Kohl 
 thinks Ribero may have seen and used a map of 
 these parts made in 1506 by a Frenchman. This 
 refers to Charlevoix's statement of a map made by 
 Jehan Denys; but Harrisse, Cabots, p. 250, pro- 
 nounces it " absolument apocryphe." A facsimile 
 of an undated map of the Ribero type was published 
 by the Spanish Government in the Cartas de Indias 
 in 1877. 
 
 A Spanish planisphere in the possession of the 
 Marchesi Castiglione in Mantua shows the whole 
 Atlantic coast of both Americas, and on the Labra- 
 dor coast has this legend : " Tierra que descobrio 
 Estevan Gomez este ano de 1525 por mandado de 
 su majestad." Cf. Studi biog. e bibliog. della Soc. geog. 
 ital., ii. no. 412 ; Portioli, Carte e memorie geographiche 
 in Mantova (1875), p. 24. 
 
 A. D. 1529. 
 
 A planisphere of Hieronimus Verrazzano in the 
 Museo Borgiano at Rome, which has been given in 
 whole or in part in the monographs on Verrazano by 
 J. C. Brevoort, H. C, Murphy, and B. F. De Costa. 
 Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geog., sub anno 
 1540, and Studi biog. e bibliog. della Soc. geog. ital. 
 ii. p. 1 1 6. 
 
 This same, Studi, etc., ii. p. 116, quotes a carta 
 nautica of this date (1529) as being in the British 
 Museum, and ascribed to Baptista Agnese. 
 
 43, 44. A. D. 1 530. In the Sloane Mss., Brit. 
 Museum. 
 
 The original is attached to a manuscript De prin- 
 cipiis astronomic, and placed by its Catalogue at 
 about 1530. There is no date on the map, but the 
 inscription on the coast above Florida is : " Terra 
 FrancLscana nuper lustrata," which may refer to 
 Verrazano or Cartier ; if to Cartier the date would 
 be 1536 or later. North America is a continuation 
 of Asia eastward. South America is cut off by the 
 bottom of the map at 40 ; but an inscription at that 
 point says : " Hie ultra 55 g extendit." The map is 
 very like the cordiform map of Orontius Finaeus re- 
 duced to a plane. It is also in Kohl's MS. in the 
 Amer. Antiq. Society's library. 
 
 45. A. D. 1530. Diego Homem. 
 
 The original, among Lord Lumley's (d. 1609) 
 maps in the British Museum, is noteworthy from the 
 west coast of the two Americas having no defined or 
 supposable limit, the green color of the Continent 
 simply fading away. The eastern coast is of the 
 Ribero type. The only names are " Timististan " 
 (Mexico) and "Mundus Novus " (South America). 
 
 46. A. D. 1531. The world by Finaeus. 
 
 The original is an engraved map in the Paris 
 (1532) edition of the Novus Orbis, usually ascribed 
 to Grynacus. This map, of which the title is " Nova 
 et integra universi orbis descriptio," is of a double 
 cordiform projection, divided at the equator. The 
 author of it is Orontius Finaeus, or Oronce Fine, 
 who dates it July, 1531, in a dedication to Christian 
 Wechel, who bore the expense of its production. 
 Ortelius in his list mentions this map as "Orbis ter- 
 rarum typus, sub forma cordis humani." This edi- 
 tion of the Novus Orbis has sometimes another map; 
 but this is the proper one. Cf. Bib. Am. Vet., nos.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 172, 173; and references in Winsor's Bibliog, of 
 Ptolemy, sub anno 1540. The same map is in the 
 1540 edition of Pomponius Mela. Cf. Bib. Am. Vet. 
 Additions, no. 127. 
 
 A. D. 1532. 
 
 The map by Minister in the Basle edition of the 
 Nevus Orbis, of which there are facsimiles in the 
 Narr. and Crit. Hist, of America, iii., and in Stevens's 
 Notes, pi. IV. no. 4. It was repeated in the 1537 
 and 1555 editions of the Novus Orbis. Cf. Winsor's 
 Bibliog. of Ptolemy 's Geog., sub anno 1540. 
 
 A mappemode by Bartolomeo Olives, with other 
 maps of Central and South America, contained in an 
 Atlas in the Royal University Library at Pisa. Cf. 
 Studi biog. bibliog. della Soc. geog. italiana, ii. no. 414. 
 
 47. A. D. 1534. America. 
 
 An engraved map published in Venice Dec. 1534, 
 with the title, La Carta universale della terra ferma 
 ed isole delle Indie occidentali. It purports to be 
 compiled from two marine charts, made in Seville 
 by pilots of the Emperor. Kohl thinks the author 
 drew from the charts of the Spanish hydrographical 
 bureau as Ribero did, whose map it resembles. 
 Kohl errs in saying that the Burmudas appear here 
 for the first time on an engraved map, since they 
 appeared in 1511 in the engraved Peter Martyr map. 
 The coast from Paria to New England is called 
 " Indie occidentali ; " South America is called 
 " Mondo Nuovo Terra Ferma." A large part of 
 the western coast of South America (Chili and 
 Peru) is left blank. The western coast of North 
 America above Central America is omitted. The 
 only known copy of this map is in the Lenox Library ; 
 it is reproduced in Stevens's A r otes. Cf . 'full refer- 
 ences in Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geog., sub 
 anno 1540. 
 
 48. A. D. 1534. The world by Bordone. 
 
 An engraved map on an elliptical projection in the 
 Isolario de Benedetto Bordone, published in 1534. 
 What seems to stand for the Gulf of Mexico is 
 bounded on the north by a projecting " terra del 
 laboratore," and on the south by a larger peninsula, 
 called " Mondo Novo." (See sub no. 40.) 
 
 A. D. 1534. 
 
 A map of the Ribero type in the Ducal library at 
 Wolfenbiittel. Cf. Harrisse's Cabots, p. 185. 
 
 Santarem, Bull, de la Soc. de Geog., vii. 322, refers 
 to a globe at Weimar of this date. 
 
 49. A. D. 1534. The world. 
 
 An engraved map of an elliptical projection, in- 
 scribed : "Tiguri Anno M.D.XXXIIII." It re- 
 sembles the map in the Basle, 1532, edition of the 
 Novus Orbis, but omits the islands on the eastern 
 coast of America. Kohl does not trace its origin. 
 
 50. A. D. 1535. The world in the Ptolemy of 
 
 1535. 
 
 It gives of America only the northeast corner of 
 South America and the eastern coast of what is 
 apparently Newfoundland or Labrador. It is called 
 " Tabula Nova Orbis," and was repeated in the 
 Lyons edition of 1541. " Gronlanda " is made a 
 long narrow promontory stretching southwest from 
 the northwestern extremity of Europe. 
 
 51. A. D. 1536 (?). The world. 
 
 The original is an undated MS. in the Bodleian 
 Library, of an elliptical projection. The dotted line 
 given for the Chili coast, and the indications of 
 Pizarro's conquest of Southern Peru, induce Kohl 
 to place it between 1534 and 1536. It resembles 
 the delineation in the American parts of the maps 
 of Baptista Agnese of about this date. 
 
 A similar outline is given in the Turin Atlas 
 (1530-11540), of which Wuttke gives an outline in 
 the Jahresbericht des Vereins fur Erdkunde in Dres- 
 den, 1870. Still another of a like contour is given 
 in colored facsimile by Peschel in the Jahresbericht 
 des Vereins fur Erdkunde in Leipzig, 1871. 
 
 52. A. D. 1 536. The world by Baptista Agnese. 
 
 The original is a manuscript map of an elliptical 
 projection preserved in the British Museum, marked : 
 " Bapt. Agnese Venetiis, 1536." The western and 
 northern coasts of North America are vaguely drawn 
 by a dotted line, and so is the coast of Chili. A 
 course from Spain to the Isthmus, and so down the 
 South American coast to Peru, is represented by a 
 pricked line, as is also the route of Magellan's ship 
 round the world. The La Plata river is developed 
 with branches. 
 
 Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geog., sub anno 
 1540, for references. A sketch of the map is given 
 in the Narr. and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. p. 40. 
 
 A. D. 1536. 
 
 An anonymous atlas of eleven charts, showing in 
 one North America and the Moluccas, and in another 
 South America and Africa, has been recently dis- 
 covered in Padua ; and is now in Venice. Cf. Studi 
 biog. e bibliog. della Soc. geog. ital. ii. p. 120. 
 
 An anonymous atlas of twelve charts in the pos- 
 session of Nicolo Barazzi in Venice, of which no. 3 
 is the Pacific and the coast of America; no. 4 is 
 America; and no. 12 the world. It formerly be- 
 longed to the Erizzo family in Venice. Cf. Studi, 
 etc., ii. p. 128. 
 
 A. D. 1538. 
 
 A heart-shaped map of Mercator, of which the 
 only copy known belongs to Mr. J. Carson Brevoort 
 of Brooklyn. Cf. Bull, of the Amer. Geog. Soc. 1878, 
 p. 196. 
 
 A. D. 1539. 
 
 This date is assigned to an atlas commonly cited 
 as the Atlas de Philippe II., dedie a Charles Quint, 
 but which is more correctly defined in the title given 
 to a photographic reproduction, Portulano de Charles 
 Quint donne a Philippe //. accompagne a"une notice 
 par M'\L F. Spitzer et Ch. Wiener, Paris, 1875. Major 
 is inclined to believe it the work of Baptista Agnese. 
 A copy of this facsimile is in Harvard College Li- 
 brary. Malte-Brim describes the map in the Bull, 
 de la Soc. Geog. de Paris, 1876, p. 625. Cf. Winsor's 
 Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geog., sub anno 1540. 
 
 Plate IV. shows the two Americas, and is of the 
 Agnese type. Plate XIII. shows the eastern coast 
 of North America of the Ribero type, and the whole 
 of South America, with the coast of Chili, is left 
 out. Plate XIV. shows North America, with the 
 west coast drawn up to California, but parts of the 
 east and west coast of South America are left out.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. I54O. 
 
 The " typus universalis " of Miinster in the Ptolemy 
 of this date. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's 
 Geog., sub anno 1540. 
 
 A. D. 1540. The new world by Miinster. 
 
 See no. 58. The same plate was often used dur- 
 ing this century, particularly in Minister's publica- 
 tions ; with the names of the countries inserted in 
 the block in different type, sometimes in German, 
 sometimes in Latin. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's 
 Geog., sub anno 1 540. There is a reduced facsimile 
 of this map in the Narr. and Crit. Hist, cf America, 
 vol. iv. p. 41. 
 
 A. D. 1540. 
 
 The Antwerp edition of Apian's Cosmographia has 
 a map reproduced in Lelewel's Moyen age, pi. 46. 
 Cf. the map in the 1544 (French), 1545 (Latin), and 
 1548 (Spanish) editions. 
 
 53, 54. A. D. 1541. The new world in the 
 Ptolemy of 1541. 
 
 Similar to the maps in the editions of 1511 and 
 1513; but on a large scale, except that "Farias," a 
 name given by Columbus to the northern coast of 
 South America, is here transferred to what is shown 
 of North America. 
 
 No. 54 is a less perfect copy. 
 
 A. D. 1541. 
 
 Engraved gores of a mappemode by Mercator. 
 Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geog., sub anno 
 1548, with references. 
 
 55. A. D. 1542. America by Rotz. 
 
 The original is in a MS. in the British Museum, 
 "John Rotz his book of Hydrography." It shows 
 the eastern parts of North America and all of South 
 America (making an island of the eastern parts of 
 Brazil) on a hemispherical projection. It shows a 
 number of fabulous islands in the North Atlantic. 
 An outward curve in the coast of Chili was copied 
 in many later maps. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of 
 Ptolemy's Geog., sub anno 1548, for references. 
 
 A. D. 1542. 
 
 The Ulpius globe. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of 
 Ptolemy's Geog., sub annis 1540 and 1548, for refer- 
 ence ; and also Ibid, for the " Mappemonde Har- 
 leyenne," as Ilarrisse calls it, in the British Museum. 
 
 The map in Hunter's Rudimenta Cosmographica 
 
 much behind the time and repeated in 1546, 
 and in other editions till 1561, when a better shape 
 for America was adopted. A fac-simile is given of 
 the 1542 map in Stevens's Notes. It resembles the 
 map given in Jomard, pi. xviii., as "sur une Cas- 
 sette de la Collection Trivulci dite Cassettina all' 
 Agemina." 
 
 56. A. D. 1543. America by Baptista Agnese. 
 
 The original is a manuscript map in the Collection 
 of the Duke of Gotha, signed, " Baptista Agnese 
 fecit Venetiis 1543 die 18 Februarii." It shows the 
 eastern coast from Labrador to the Straits of Ma- 
 gellan ; and the western coast, stopping just north 
 of the same Straits, is renewed at Southern Peru, 
 and extends to the upper verge of Central America. 
 
 It notes the discoveries of Ayllon on the Carolina 
 coast. It is partly reproduced in Kohl's Discovery 
 of ftlaine, 316. The Studi biog. e bibliog. della soc. 
 geog. ital., ii. p. 134, notes an atlas hydrographique 
 (showing the world and America) also in the Ducal 
 library at Gotha. There are various other Agnese 
 maps of about this date. One, dated June 25, in the 
 Huth library, is referred to in Harrisse's Cabots, 
 p. 189 ; another in the Biblioteca Laurenziana at 
 Florence is dated Feb. 12. In this chart no. 3 shows 
 the Pacific with America and the Moluccas ; no. 4, 
 the Atlantic with the American coast; no. 12 is a 
 general map, indicating the route of Magellan. Cf. 
 Studi, etc., ii. p. 131. One of 1544 is in the Royal 
 library at Dresden; it is signed at Venice. Cf. 
 Studi, etc., ii. p. 132. Another of 1545 is in the 
 Biblioteca Marciana at Venice. Cf. Studi, etc., ii, 
 p. 132. Cf. references in Winsor's Bibliog. of 
 Ptolemy's Geog., sub anno 1548. The Studi, etc., ii. 
 p. 129, notes an Agnese atlas (1536-50) in the Royal 
 library at Munich; and (p. 159) another in the Na- 
 tional library at Florence as of the sixteenth century, 
 containing fifteen nautical maps, of which no. 2 shows 
 the coasts of the Pacific, and no. 3 the east coast of 
 America. 
 
 A. D. 1544. 
 
 Map by Ruscelli in the British Museum, drawn in 
 part in Kohl's Discovery of Maine, p. 296, and in H. 
 H. Bancroft's Cent. America, \. 148. Cf. Lelewel, 
 p. 170; and Peschel's Erdkunde, p. 371. 
 
 The well-known map usually ascribed to Sebastian 
 Cabot. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's Geog., 
 sub anno 1 548 for references ; and Studi biog. e bibliog., 
 etc., ii. p. 213. 
 
 The map of Minister's Cosmographia of this date 
 is reproduced in Santarem and Lelewel, pi. 46. 
 
 57. A. D. 1545. The world in the 1545 edition 
 
 of Ptolemy. 
 
 The map is by Sebastian Miinster. The same 
 map was re-engraved in the Ptolemy of 1552, and in 
 Minister's Cosmographia of 1534. 
 
 58. A. D. 1545. The new world by Minister. 
 
 This is the well-known map, Novus Orbis, in the 
 Basle, 1545, edition of Ptolemy. The same plate 
 first appeared in the edition of 1540. (See that 
 date.) 
 
 A. D. 1546. 
 
 The Pierre Desceliers map, usually called the 
 " Henri II. map." Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy's 
 Geog. for references ; also, Paul Gaffarel's Bre'sil 
 Fraiicais, Paris, 1878, p. 6; Guibert, Ville de Dieppe, 
 vol. i. p. 348 ; Malte-Brun's " Un geographe franais 
 du XVIe siecle " in Bull, de la Soc, de Geog. de Paris, 
 Sept. 1876. 
 
 The map of this date in Epitome of Vadianus, 
 published in 1548, is given by Santarem. 
 
 The portolano of Johann Freire. Cf. Harrisse's 
 Cabots, p. 220. 
 
 A. D. 1548. 
 
 Maps no. 59 and no. 60 in the Italian eel. of 
 Ptolemy. Both represent North America as a part 
 of Asia, but differently. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of 
 Ptolemy's Geog. No. 60', called " Carta Marina," was 
 repeated in the Ptolemy of 1561. It is sketched in 
 the Narr. and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. p. 43.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. 1549. 
 
 A Maggiolo atlas in the Biblioteca Cor.iunale in 
 Treviso. 
 
 59. A. D. 1 549. America by Medina. 
 
 The original is an engraved map in Pedro de 
 Medina's Libra de grandezas y cosas memorables de 
 Espana, Seville, 1549. It shows the eastern coast 
 of North America from Labrador south, and both 
 coasts of Central and South America. Kohl sug- 
 gests that the small size of this and the other early 
 maps of America issued in Spain, indicate the un- 
 willingness of the authorities to allow detailed charts 
 on a large scale to circulate. It shows the famous 
 line of demarcation, which is used to note the de- 
 grees of latitude. Cf. Bib. Am. Vet., p. 517; and 
 Additions., 165. It is the map of the Arte de navegar 
 of 1545, eked out for the lower parts of South 
 America by an added block. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. 
 of Ptolemy's Geog., sub anno 1548. 
 
 60. A. D 154-? America by Homem. 
 
 This is the western part of an elliptical projection 
 of the world, and belongs to an undated manuscript 
 in the British Museum. The west coast is shown 
 from California to Peru ; the east coast entire, and 
 both coasts of Patagonia. Tierra del Fuego is the 
 northern part of a land of unknown extent. The 
 La Plata is developed ; but the Amazon is not. 
 " Terra Nova " is a peninsula stretching northwest- 
 erly from Norway, with " Yslanda " lying between 
 it and " Bacalaos." The map resembles those of 
 Homem's contemporary, Baptista Agnese. 
 
 61. A. D. c. 1550. Nancy globe. 
 
 This shows the western hemisphere of the globe 
 preserved at Nancy, in France. 
 
 Kohl refers to Blaeu's paper on this globe in the 
 Memoires de la Societe royale des Sciences de Nancy, 
 1835, pp. ix. and 97. 
 
 It makes North America part of Asia ; and shows 
 a large antarctic continent. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. 
 of Ptolemy's Geog. t sub anno 1548, for notices of 
 engravings of it. 
 
 xvi. cent. 
 
 The Studi biog. e bibliog. delta soc. geog. ital., vol. ii. 
 enumerates various maps of this century, without 
 assigning them particular years ; and also a variety 
 of MS. sea-manuals likewise of this century. 
 
 An anonymous Carta nautica preserved in the 
 Ducal library at Wolfenbiittel, which shows North 
 America in part, as far west as Yucatan and east to 
 Cape St. Augustine (Shidi, ii. p. 106). Cf. Harrisse, 
 Cabots, p. 185; and Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy, sub 
 1540. 
 
 An atlas in the same library, with a map of the 
 new world, which is placed in the last quarter of 
 the century (Studi, ii. p. 155). 
 
 A Spanish mappemonde of the early part of the 
 century, preserved in the Archivio del Collegio di 
 Propaganda, at Rome (Studi, ii. no. 446). 
 
 A Portuguese atlas in the Royal archives at Flor- 
 ence, showing no. 17, Acadia; 18, Cape Cod to the 
 Gulf of Mexico ; 19, Gulf of Mexico ; 20, Antilles ; 
 21-24, South American coasts (Studi, ii. no. 451). 
 
 An atlas of the first half of the century, in the 
 Biblioteca Angelica at Rome, which has several 
 maps of America (Studi, ii. p. 136). 
 
 An atlas in the Archivio del Collegio di Propa- 
 ganda, with a map showing the east coast of Amer- 
 
 ica (Studi, ii. p. 1 60; Bull, de la soc. de geog., 1847, 
 vii. 308). Also in the same place a Carta nautica, 
 showing a large part of America (Studi, ii. p. 160 ; 
 Bull., etc., vii. 313). 
 
 An anonymous atlas in the Biblioteca Comunale 
 at Fermo (Studi, ii. p. 162). 
 
 An anonymous atlas in the Museo Civicp at 
 Venice, giving the northeast parts of America 
 (Studi, ii. p. 163), and another (p. 165) showing the 
 western hemisphere. 
 
 A globe in the Biblioteca Marciana at Venice 
 (Studi, ii. p. 164). 
 
 An anonymous atlas in the Biblioteca Ambrosi- 
 ana at Milan, showing the east and west coasts of 
 America (Studi, ii. p. 168). 
 
 An anonymous Carta nautica, preserved at Milan, 
 showing the American coasts of the Atlantic (Studi, 
 ii. p. 170). 
 
 An atlas of Antonio Millo, preserved in the Bibli- 
 oteca Vittorio Emanuele at Rome, showing the two 
 Americas (Studi, ii. p. 174). 
 
 An anonymous Spanish planisphere of the begin- 
 ning of the century, preserved in the Royal library 
 at Turin, which shows the coasts of Mexico and the 
 northern parts of South America (Studi, ii. no. 406). 
 
 An atlas of Francesco Gisalfo of Genoa with a 
 mappemonde, preserved in the Biblioteca Riccardi- 
 ana at Florence (Studi, ii. 169) ; an anonymous atlas 
 in the same library, which shows the east and west 
 coats of America (Studi, ii. p. 172) ; and a Portu- 
 guese atlas, showing: no. 19, Canada; 20, Florida; 
 21, Peru; 22, Venezuela; 23-26, South America 
 (Studi, ii. no. 452). Several of the maps in the 
 Riccardi palace have been shown in the Jahrbuch 
 des Vereins fiir Erdkunde in Dresden, 1870. Cf. 
 Winsor, Bibliog. of Ptolemy, sub 1561. 
 
 A Portuguese planisphere of the end of the cen- 
 tury, showing the western hemisphere. It is pre- 
 served in the Biblioteca Vallichelliana at Rome. 
 (Studi, ii. no. 450). 
 
 Kohl refers to a "weltkarte" of the middle of the 
 sixteenth century, which is given in the Memoires de 
 la societe de A T ancy, 1832. 
 
 A. D. 1550-53. 
 
 Two portolanos of Pierre Desceliers, one in the 
 British Museum, and the other at Vienna. Cf. Brit. 
 Aftis. Cat. of MSS., no. 24065 ; Harrisse, Cabots, 230; 
 Bull, de la Soc. de Geog. de Paris, Sept. 1852 and 
 Sept. 1856. 
 
 A MS. parchment chart (1550) of Diego Gutier- 
 res in the Depot des cartes de la Marine at Paris. 
 
 62. A. D. 1551. The world by Apian. 
 
 The original is an engraved " charta cosmograph- 
 ica " in the Cosmographia of Petrus Apianus, pub- 
 lished at Paris in 1551, with additions by Gemma 
 Frisius. The map is not in the Antwerp edition of 
 1541, and differs from the one there given. North 
 America is a narrow continental land, north of which 
 Asia and Europe unite. See notes on the bibliog- 
 raphy of Apian in Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, 
 vol. ii. 
 
 63. A. D. 155-? The world by Martiiies (?). 
 
 The original is a planisphere from a MS. atlas, 
 whose names are mostly Italian with some Span- 
 ish ones, which formerly belonged to the Duke de 
 Cassano Serra, and is now in the British Museum. 
 Kohl finds its American portion to correspond 
 closely with a map of Joannes Martines of 15/8 in 
 the British Museum, and supposes this to be by
 
 i6 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION- OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 him also. The later map has meridians of longi- 
 tude, which this has not. South America is called 
 " Peru " in this map, but " America " in the later 
 one. The general outline of the new world resem- 
 bles that of Porccachi's maps. The huge antarctic 
 continent so common in maps of this time, is shown. 
 
 A. D. 1552. 
 
 Munster's maps in the Basle Ptolemy of this 
 year, repeated from the editions of 1540-42-45. 
 
 A. D. c. 1553. 
 
 A parchment planisphere in the Depot des Cartes 
 de la Marine at Paris. Harrisse, Cabots, 238. 
 
 64. A. D. 1554. America by Bollero. 
 
 The original is a small woodcut, called " Brevis 
 exactaque totius novi orbis ejusque insularum cle- 
 scriptio recens Joan Bollero edita," which ap- 
 pears in various publications of about this time, 
 including Gomara's Historia general de las Indias, to 
 which Kohl credits it. The coasts north of Mexico 
 and Labrador are wanting. Cf. Uricoechea, Ala- 
 poteca Colombiana, no. 12, and Winsor's Bibliog. of 
 Ptolemy, sub 1561. 
 
 A. D. 1554. 
 
 An atlas by Baptista Agnese in the Biblioteca 
 Marciana at Venice (Studi biog. e bibliog., ii. p. 139). 
 This was issued in photographic facsimile at Venice 
 in 1881. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy, sub 1561, 
 for other maps of Agnese of about this time. 
 
 A map of Andre Thevet, cited by D'Avezac, Sur 
 la projection des Cartes, Paris, 1863, p. 73. 
 
 A map of the world by Framezini, engraved by 
 Julius de Musis. 
 
 65. A. D. 1555. The world. 
 
 The world on an elliptical projection, copied from 
 the map in the Basle, 1555, edition of Grynaeus, in 
 the Grenville copy in the British Museum. It re- 
 sembles map no. 49 (ante] ; and had earlier appeared 
 in the 1 537 edition of the Novus Orbis. 
 
 A. D. 1555. 
 
 A portolano by Le Testu in the French ministry 
 of war. Cf. Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy, sub 1561. 
 
 66. A. D. 1556. America, in Ramusio, vol. iii. 
 
 The original was made for Ramusio by Gastaldi 
 (about 1550) from material gathered by Oviedo, and 
 sent to Ramusio by the Florentine Hieronimo Fra- 
 castoro. It is called : " Universale della parte del 
 mondo nuovamente ritrovata." Ramusio dates the 
 introduction to this volume in 1553, which may per- 
 haps indicate the date of the map ; and the material 
 upon which it was founded would seem to include 
 results of Cabrillo's explorations on the California 
 coast in 1542-43. 
 
 The maps of the new world, both in this edition, 
 and in that of 1565, are : i, New world ; 2, Temisti- 
 tan (Mexico) ; 3, Cusco in Peru ; 4, New France and 
 Newfoundland ; 5, east part of Brazil ; 6, part of 
 America ; 7, Taprobano ; 8, Hochelaga, a bird's- 
 eye view of an Indian camp. 
 
 A. D. 1556. 
 
 Vopellio's cordiform mappemonde in Girava's 
 Cosmographia, Milan. There is a facsimile of it 
 
 published by Henry Stevens. It is sometimes 
 found in the 1570 edition of Girava, which is the 
 1556 edition with a new title. 
 
 A. D. 1558-80. 
 
 Atlas of Bertelli e Forlani, published at Rome, 
 containing maps of North and South America. Cf. 
 Sabin's Dictionary, ii. 5000. See no. 69. What is 
 called Lafreri's Roman atlas, Tavole moderne di Ge- 
 ografia, is sometimes given as published at Rome 
 and Venice, 1554-72. Forlani's map, Universale 
 Descrittione, is cited as of 1565, 1570, etc. Cf. 
 Thomassy, Les Papes gtographes, p. 118. 
 
 67. A. D. 1558. America by Homem. 
 
 The original is a MS. map by Diego Homem in 
 the British Museum, a part of a large general atlas 
 by this Portuguese chart-maker, who inscribes it : 
 " Diegus Homem cosmographus fecit hoc opus 
 anno salutis, 1558." The words " munclus novus " 
 are in a scroll on South America; but "America" in 
 small letters is on the region north of the Amazon, 
 which runs a general easterly course. The coast of 
 Chili and the western coast of Patagonia are indi- 
 cated by a dotted line. The California coast is car- 
 ried a short distance above the peninsula of Cali- 
 fornia. The Bay of Fundy runs nearly north. The 
 St. Lawrence is broadened into a sea of uncertain 
 limits. Cf. Brit. Mus. Cat. of MS. maps, 1844, 
 vol. i. p. 27 ; Harrisse, Cabots, p. 243 ; and further 
 on atlases of this time by Homem in Winsor's 
 Bibliog. of Ptolemy, sub 1561. 
 
 A. D. 1559. 
 
 Harrisse, Cabots, p. 244, cites a mappemonde of 
 Andreas Homo, preserved in the Ministry of Foreign 
 Affairs at Paris. 
 
 68. A. D. 1560. America by Nicollo del Dolfi- 
 
 natto. 
 
 The original is an engraved map belonging to the 
 Navigations del mondo novo, published in Venice in 
 1560, and is inscribed: "Opera di M. Nicolle del 
 Delfinatto, Cosmografo del Christianissimo Re." 
 Kohl points out its resemblance to a map edited by 
 Forlani and made by Gastaldi in 1560, though it 
 shows less, but on a large scale. It shows from 
 Labrador to 15 below the equator on the east 
 coast; and omits all north of Mexico on the west 
 coast. Both this and Forlani's were published by 
 the same publisher in Venice. 
 
 69. A. D. 1560. The new world by Gastaldi 
 
 and Forlani. 
 
 An engraved map (in the British Museum) in- 
 scribed : "" Paulus de Furlanis Veronensis opus hoc 
 exmi Cosmographi Dni Jacobi Gastaldi, Pedemontani 
 instauravit. . . . Venetiis, Joann Francisci Camotii 
 aercis formis. . . . Anno MDLX." 
 
 North America is connected with Asia ; the North 
 Pacific extending only to the 40 N. Lat. The 
 Amazon runs north. The La Plata is not devel- 
 oped. A polar sea is north of Labrador. 
 
 The map was again issued unchanged, by Forlani 
 in 1576. 
 
 A. D. 1560. 
 
 A small globe in the mathematical salon at Dres- 
 den. Cf. Wieser's Magalhaes-strasse, p. 70, where 
 one by Johannes Praetorius is referred to, as being 
 in the same place, and assigned to 1 568.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. 1561. 
 
 A map by Girolamo Ruscelli in the edition of 
 Ptolemy, published at Venice. The coasts of Cali- 
 fornia and Chili are left uncertain. The sarne book 
 has several sectional maps of America. These maps 
 were repeated in the Ptolemies of 1562, 1564, and 
 
 1574- 
 
 An atlas of Bartolomeo Olives di Majorca in the 
 Royal archives at Naples, nos. 2 and 3, showing 
 parts of North America and the Antilles. Cf. Studi 
 biog. e bibliog., ii. no. 428. 
 
 An improved map in Honter's De Cosmographies 
 rudiment-is, published at Basle. 
 
 A. D. 1662. 
 
 A map of the younger Diego Gutierres. Har- 
 risse, Cabots, p. 152. 
 
 A. D. 1562-66. 
 
 Carta nautica of Paolo Forlani in the National 
 library at Paris. It is figured in Santarem's Atlas. 
 Cf. Bull, de la soc. de geog. de Paris, 1839 ; Studi biog. 
 e bibliog., ii. p. 142. 
 
 The catalogue of the King's maps in the British 
 Museum puts a map of Forlani under 1562. Cf. 
 Thomassy, Les Papes geographes, 1 18. 
 
 A. D. 1563. 
 
 Atlas of Giorgio Sideri detto Callapoda di Candia. 
 containing ten maps, one showing the two hemis" 
 pheres, and another, America. It is in the Biblio* 
 teca Marciana at Venice. Cf. Studi, etc., ii. no. 433. 
 
 A. D. 1564. 
 
 An atlas of Baptista Agnese, dated May 25, 1564, 
 referred to in Brit. Mus. Cat. of MSS., no. 25442; 
 and another in the Biblioteca Marciana. Cf. Har- 
 risse, Cabots, 189. There are various undated atlases 
 of Agnese, mentioned in Winsor's Bibliog. of Pto- 
 lemy, sub 1597. 
 
 A. D. 1566. 
 
 An engraved map of Zaltiere or Zalterius of Bo- 
 logna, measuring 155- X lOj inches, called the earliest 
 map to show the straits of Anian. Cf. Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist, of America, iv. p. 93. 
 
 A brass globe in the town library at Nuremberg 
 by Johannes Praetorius. Cf. Ghillany's Behaim, 
 p. 60. 
 
 A MS. map by Des Liens of Dieppe in the Na- 
 tional library at Paris. Cf. Nar. and Crit. Hist, of 
 America, iv. 78. 
 
 An engraved map of Johannes Paulus Cimberlinus 
 of Verona, showing North America as a part of Asia. 
 Mr. Brevoort has a copy. 
 
 A. D. 1567. 
 
 An atlas of this date is quoted by Santarem as 
 being in the Ternaux bibliotheque. Cf. Bull, de la 
 Soc. de Geog. de Paris, 1837 (viii.), p. 175. It shows 
 the new world. 
 
 70. A. D. 1568. America by Homem. 
 
 The original is a MS. map in the Royal library 
 at Dresden, purporting to be by " Diegus cosmo- 
 graphus," a Portuguese living in Venice in 1568. 
 Kohl identifies him with Diego Homem, and traces 
 the resemblance of this map to Homem's map of 
 
 1558 (no. 67 ante}. This map has a northern coast 
 of North America drawn in, which that of 1 558 did 
 not have. 
 
 The La Plata river is made something like an inte- 
 rior sea, with islands, and has a small channel con- 
 necting with the ocean on the northern coast of 
 Brazil. 
 
 71. A. D. 
 
 The world. 
 
 A map in a double-cordiform projection, follow- 
 ing an engraved original in the British Museum. Its 
 only inscription is " Ant. Sal. exc. Romae." A legend 
 on it speaks of America being better drawn than in 
 other contemporary maps. 
 
 Northern Asia extends in a peninsular shape round 
 the north pole, with "Groelandia" as a subordinate 
 peninsula. The " Baccalearum regio " has a group 
 of islands lying east of it, called " Insule Corterealis." 
 A " Fretum arcticum " separates this from the polar 
 land. The Amazon discovered in 1542 is left out. 
 The Chilian coast is " Littora incognita." 
 
 It is sometimes assigned to about the year 1540. 
 
 A. D. 1569. 
 
 The great mappemonde of Gerard Mercator. Cf. 
 references in Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. 
 369; and in Winsor's Bibliog. of Ptolemy, sub 1597. 
 
 72. A. D. 1570. America by Ortelius. 
 
 Engraved map in the first edition of the Thea- 
 trum Or bis Terramni, of Abraham Ortelius, the 
 most learned geographer of his time. He gives in 
 his text accompanying the map about twenty Span- 
 ish, Italian, German and French authorities for his 
 sources, most of which he might have found in 
 Ramusio, though his map is far in advance of that 
 presented by Ramusio. This delineation of Ortelius 
 with that of Mercator, may be said to have estab- 
 lished a type for the contour of the Americas, which 
 long prevailed. For various subsequent issues see 
 A r ar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iii. 34 ; iv. 369. 
 
 Reference may be made to a globe of this date 
 by Francisco Basso, a Milanese; and a MS. map 
 by Jehan Cossin of Dieppe, in the National library 
 at Paris. Harrisse, Cabots, 217. 
 
 A. D. 1572. 
 
 The mappemonde in Porcacchi's L' Isole fittfamose 
 del mondo, published at Venice, repeated in later edi- 
 tions, 1576, 1590, etc. One of them is given in fac- 
 simile in Stevens's Notes, etc. 
 
 A. D. 1573. 
 
 Lelewel, Rfoyen age, vol. i. pi. 7, cites a " Orbis 
 terrarum a hydrographo Hispano in piano deline- 
 atio." 
 
 A. D. 1574. 
 
 Two maps of the western hemisphere (one dated 
 1574) in the Theatri Orbis Tcrranon Enchiridion of 
 Philippus Galasus, " per Hugonem Favolium illus- 
 tratuin," published at Antwerp in 1585. 
 
 73. A. D. 1575. America by Thevet. 
 
 An engraved map, according to Kohl, in Thevet's 
 La France Antarctique (Brazil about Rio Janeiro), 
 published in 1575 and 1581. The map is called 
 " Lc nouveau monde decouvert et illustre de nostre
 
 i8 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 Temps," and though Thevet professes that he based 
 it on new material, it is largely a copy of Ortelius, 
 with a more profuse ramification, to the rivers, of 
 which Thevet probably had no further information 
 than Ortelius had ; but he gives some French names, 
 which Ortelius does not give. He goes a little 
 farther north than Ortelius. There was also a map 
 in Thevet's Cosmographia. 
 
 Cf. a map in Belleforest's Cosmographia, 
 
 74. A. D. 1576. The world by Sir Humphrey 
 
 Gilbert. 
 
 An engraved cordiform map in Gilbert's Discourse 
 of a Discovery for a new -passage to Cataia, London, 
 1576, where the chart is called "A general map 
 made onelye for the particular declaration of this 
 discovery." The map is similar in aspect to Apian's 
 (no. 62), but the northern waters of America are 
 different, in order to illustrate Gilbert's views, ac- 
 cording more with Homem's in making open water 
 west of Labrador and neighboring parts, which are 
 made islands. There is a facsimile in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist, of America, iii. ch. 6. 
 
 Wieser in his Magalhacz-Strasse, p. 72, refers to an 
 erd-globus of Apian preserved in the Hof biblio- 
 thek at Munich. 
 
 75. A. D. 1578. The world by Martines. 
 
 A MS. map in the British Museum, marked : 
 "Joan. Martines en Messina, ani, 1578." It is of 
 a double hemispherical projection, and in outline 
 America is of the Ortelius type, though very differ- 
 ent in the region of the St. Lawrence. 
 
 The British Museum Catalogue of MS. maps, i. 
 p. 29, shows the Martines atlas to contain various 
 American maps: I, the world; 2, the two hemis- 
 pheres ; 3, the world in gores ; 10, west coast of 
 America; n, coast of Mexico; 12, 13, South Amer- 
 ica; 14, Gulf of Mexico; 15, part of east coast of 
 North America. 
 
 76. A. D. 1578. 
 
 A duplicate of no. 75, less perfect. 
 
 77. A. D. 1578. The world by Martines. 
 
 A MS. map, smaller than nos. 75 and 76, likewise 
 in the British Museum, and differing in parts from 
 that map, particularly in the St. Lawrence region; 
 and in making the Amazon a long river, rising in 
 Patagonia, while in the other map, it has a short 
 course and is all north of the La Plata. The moun- 
 tain ranges in both Americas stretch cast and west. 
 
 The British Museum MSS., no. 22018, is a porto- 
 lano of Martines, dated 1579. The Brit. AIus. Cat. 
 of AIS. maps, 1844, i. 31, gives a map of the world 
 by Martines (suh anno 1582). The South American 
 part is facsimiled in colors in Bibliophile Jacob's 
 Moyen Age. 
 
 78. A. D. 1578. The world by Frobisher. 
 
 An engraved sketch in Best's True Discourse, re- 
 garding Frobisher's voyage, showing that command- 
 er's view of a passage, called after himself, connect- 
 ing the Atlantic with the Straits of Anian. The 
 coasts discovered since Ptolemy's time are drawn in 
 pricked lines. Cf. Collinson's Frobisher, and Nar. 
 and Crit. Hist, of America, iii. ch. 3. 
 
 There is a mappemonde in the Speculum Orbis 
 terra rum of Cellarius. 
 
 A. D. 1582. 
 
 An elliptical mappemonde in Popelliniere's Trols 
 mondes. It is of the Ortelius and Mercator type. 
 
 A mappemonde by A. Millo is numbered 27470 in 
 the Brit. Mus. MSS. 
 
 A. D. 1583. 
 
 Map in the edition of this year of Reisch's Mar- 
 garitha philosopliica, published at Basle. Cf. Uri- 
 coechea, Map. Colomb., no. 15. 
 
 79. A. D. 1587. The world by Myritius, 
 
 An engraved map in the Opiisctilum geographiatm 
 rarum per Joannem Myritium Mclitensem. Ingol- 
 stad : i anno MDCCCC", the map being called 
 " Universalis orbis descriptio." Myritius was a 
 knight of Malta, and dates his preface in 1587, when 
 Kohl conjectures his map (of which he gives no ac- 
 count) may have been made. 
 
 The map makes North America a part of Asia, 
 resembling in this respect that of Forlani of 1560. 
 
 Reference may be made under this date to the 
 map in Ilakluyt's edition of Peter Martyr, pub- 
 lished in Paris. There is a facsimile in Stevens's 
 Notes, &c. ; and a sketch in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 of America, iii. p. 42. 
 
 The map in the Ortelius of this year was repeated 
 in the edition of 1598. Uricoechea, no. 16. 
 
 80. A. D. 1589. The world by Hakluyt. 
 
 An engraved map in Hakluyt's Principall A T avi- 
 gations, London, 1589. Kohl points out how South 
 America is improved over Ortelius's delineation; 
 but he remarks as singular, that Drake and New 
 Albion, Raleigh and Virginia, with Frobisher and 
 his straits should be ignored in North America by 
 an English authority. There is also no trace of 
 Drake in the regions about Magellan's straits, the 
 Spanish authorities seemingly furnishing all the in- 
 formation Hakluyt had. He calls North America, 
 "America sive India nova." 
 
 81. A. D. 1589. 
 
 A duplicate of no. So, less perfect. 
 
 82. A. D. 1589. The world by Hondius. 
 
 An engraved map, on which a statement that it is 
 intended to show the tracks of Drake and Caven- 
 dish, is signed by Jodicus Hondius, 1589. The cir- 
 cumnavigations of these two English explorers are 
 marked by pricked lines; and in one corner a small 
 sketch of Drake's harbor on the California coast, 
 " Portus novae Albionis," is made. Tierra del Fuego 
 is made a group of islands for the first time, while 
 the great antarctic continent is contracted on this 
 side nearer the southern pole, though it is made to 
 extend as far as the tropic of Capricorn on the other 
 side of the globe. In an inscription referring to the 
 Tierra del Fuego group Hondius remarks that Cav- 
 endish and the Spaniards do not accept Drake's 
 views, making a continent the southern boundary 
 of the Straits of Magellan ; and on later maps Hon- 
 dius seems to have accepted these other views. Cf. 
 Uricoechea, no. 25. 
 
 83. A. n. 1 589. America by Cornelius Judaeus. 
 
 The western portion of a map called : " Tot his 
 orbis cogniti universalis descriptio. Corn. Judaeus.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 Antuerpia. Pridie Cal. Nov. A. 1589, fecit." It 
 follows the Ortelius and Mercator type; and it par- 
 ticularly resembles the Mercator map of 1587. It 
 has the usual antarctic continent. 
 
 Cf. a map of Judaeus in his Speculum or bis terrae, 
 
 1593- 
 
 A. D. 1592. 
 
 The Molineaux globe preserved in the Middle 
 Temple, London. 
 
 A. D. 1593. 
 
 Map resembling the Ortelius type in the Historia- 
 riim Indicarum libri xvi. of Maffeius. Cf. Uricoe- 
 chea, no. 19. 
 
 84. A. D. 1594. America by Peter Flancius. 
 
 An engraved map entitled : " Orbis terrarum typus 
 de integro multis in locis emendatior auctore Petro 
 Plancio, 1594." Kohl points out its resemblance 
 to Hakluyt's map of 1589. Plancius gives the four 
 large islands about the north pole, which Purchas 
 says were invented by Mercator. There are indica- 
 tions of Frobisher's Voyage ; but none of Drake's. 
 Kohl thinks that Plancius had Spanish and Portu- 
 guese originals, which are unknown to us, and which 
 he used to advantage in drawing the interior parts of 
 South America. 
 
 The map is found in the Dutch edition of Lin- 
 schoten, 1596. Blundevile, in his Exercises, speaks 
 of a Plancius map "lately put forth in the yeere of 
 our lord, 1592." The same map re-engraved, but not 
 credited to Plancius is in the Latin Linschoten, 1599. 
 The English Linschoten of 1598 has the map of the 
 Hakluyt of 1589, re-engraved from Ortelius. 
 
 Under this year also, we must put De Bry's maps 
 of the world, of this and later dates ; contained in 
 the Great Voyages, parts iv. and xii. 
 
 Cf. also a map of the world by Quadus. 
 
 Santarem cites as in the Propaganda at Rome a 
 portolano of Jean Oliva, the sixth of whose maps is 
 a planisphere showing the Straits of Magellan. Cf. 
 Bull, de la Soc. de Gcog. (1847), vii. 308, where is also 
 as no. xii., another portolano of the sixteenth century, 
 without name or date, but showing on one of its 
 maps the eastern coast of America ; and again, p. 313, 
 still another of the same century. 
 
 A. D. 1595-98. 
 
 The map in Giovanni Botero's Relation} universal!, 
 Venice, 1595, and later. Cf. O* Callaghan Catalogue, 
 nos. 339, 340 ; Sabin's Dictionary, ii. 6799 ; Rich 
 (1832), no. 96. There was a later edition in 1603; 
 Relaciones universales del ATundo, published at Valla- 
 dolid, which contains both a map of the world, and 
 one of the two Americas. 
 
 A. D. 1595. 
 A Dutch map of the world by Loew. 
 
 A. D. 1596. 
 
 The maps in the edition of Ptolemy, printed at 
 Venice, and repeated in editions under date of 1597, 
 1608 and 1617. 
 
 85. A. D. 1597. The world by Forro. 
 
 A small engraved map, marked " Universi orbis 
 descriptio a Hieronymo Porro Pativino incisa." It 
 
 is of the Mercator type ; and having been first 
 printed separately, was later published in an edition 
 of Ptolemy at Cologne in 1597, and in another at 
 Venice in 1598. America is called " Ameria, sive 
 India nova." There is the usual Southern polar 
 continent. This and other maps showing America 
 are numbered 2, 29, 34, and 35 in the Ptolemy of 
 I597- 
 
 Under this date also, is a map of the Ortelius type 
 in Wytfliet's continuation of Ptolemy. There is a 
 facsimile of it in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of Amer- 
 ica, vol. ii. 
 
 The globe of Hondius, embodying discoveries in 
 America. 
 
 The map in Magninus's Geographia. 
 
 86. A. D. 1598. The world by Molineaux. 
 
 An engraved map, belonging, as Kohl asserts, to 
 the 1598 edition of Hakluyt, but rarely found in it. 
 The facsimile of it issued by the Hakluyt society in 
 1880, is dated 1600. Kohl refers to Hakluyt's prom- 
 ise in the 1589 edition to give a map by Molineaux, 
 and traces the correspondences in this map to the 
 globe in the Middle Temple, assigned to Molineaux. 
 The map is an attempt to carry out some geographi- 
 cal problems on theoretical grounds, as compare his 
 treatment of the St. Lawrence and the Lakes. The 
 California coast is not carried north of Drake's New 
 Albion. He omits the antarctic continent and Mer- 
 cator's arctic islands, and the northern coasts of 
 America and Asia. He ignores the usual fabulous 
 Atlantic islands, except Frisland, which he puts 
 southwest of Iceland. He makes an insular group 
 of Tierra del Fuego, and removes the protuberant 
 part of the contour of the Chilian coast, as repre- 
 sented by Mercator and Ortelius; though he pre-. 
 serves a smaller projection nearer the Straits of 
 Magellan. In this he assigns the explorations of 
 Drake in 1577 and of Sarmiento and Cavendish in 
 1587, as authorities. Contrary to most maps of the 
 time he makes the Pacific in lat. 38, 1200 leagues 
 wide, and the distance from Cape St. Lucas to Cape 
 Mendocino 600 leagues. 
 
 A map of the Ortelius type is in Miinster's Cos- 
 mographia. The Italian Ortelius of this year, // 
 theatro del Alondo, published at Brescia, has three 
 maps showing America, pp. i, 3 and n. 
 
 A. D. 1 599. 
 
 A portolano of G. Oliva. Brit. Mus. MSS., no. 
 24943. 
 
 87. A. D. 1600 (?) Spanish map of America. 
 
 An engraved map in the British Museum, pub- 
 lished about 1600, and showing the Ortelius and 
 Mercator type, but more closely resembling that of 
 Ortelius (1570). It has the great southern conti- 
 nent. Kohl says that the British Museum Catalogue 
 says it was published in Madrid; but he has doubts, 
 and thinks if so, that the editing was not done by a 
 native Spaniard ; and he is inclined to place it sev- 
 eral years earlier than 1600. 
 
 A map, based on Wytfliet, in the America sire 
 nevus orbis of Metellus, was published at Cologne, 
 in this year. Uricoechea, no. 24. 
 
 88. A. D. 1601. America by Herrera. 
 
 i 
 
 Ad engraved map in the 1601 edition of Herrera's 
 Descripcion de las Indias. It shows the line of de- 
 marcation, on both sides of the globe, in accordance 
 with Spanish views. A distinguishing feature is the
 
 20 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 great width of the northern Pacific. It was repro- 
 duced in the edition of 1622; and in the Torque- 
 mada of 1723 with some changes. 
 
 A. D. 1602. 
 
 Gabriel Talton's chart showing the east coast of 
 the two Americas, preserved in the National Library 
 at Florence. Cf. Studi, etc., ii. no. 453. 
 
 Giovanni Costo's planisphere of the old and new 
 world, given by M. Canale to Edw. Lester, U. S. 
 Consul at Genoa, in 1844. Cf. Studi, etc., ii. p. 181. 
 
 89. A. D. 1606. The -world by Cespedes. 
 
 An engraved map in Cespedes's Regimiento de 
 Navigation, Madrid, 1606. It is of small size, as were 
 all the maps of the new world published in Spain. 
 It resembles no. 88, and ignores the English and 
 French discoveries in North America. The western 
 line of demarcation corresponds to Herrera ; the 
 eastern is more favorable to Portugal. The north- 
 ern shores of America and Asia are but vaguely 
 sketched. 
 
 A. D. 1608. 
 
 Map in Gotardus Arthus's Historia Indies orien- 
 talis, published at Cologne. Uricoechea, no. 26. 
 
 90. A. D. 1613. The world by Oliva. 
 
 From a MS. portolano preserved in the Egerton 
 MSS. in the British Museum. The general map is 
 called " Typus orbis terrarum." It is inscribed : 
 "Joannes Oliva fecit in civitate Marsillias, Ano 
 1613." It has most of the points of Hakluyt's 
 map ; but gives South America better. It has the 
 usual arctic islands and antarctic continent of this 
 period. The language of its names is Italian, occa- 
 sionally Latin. The Catalogue of MS. maps, Brit. 
 Mus., 1844, i. 33, shows this portolano to contain 
 maps of the east coast of North America, of the 
 West Indies, and of South America. 
 
 The Brit. Mus. MSS., 25714, is a map of the 
 world by Oliva, put under 1609. 
 
 Maps of the world, and of America in the Delec- 
 tionis Freti of Hudson, edited by II . Gerritz. 
 
 A map of America by Michael Mercator in the 
 1613 edition of Mercator's Atlas. 
 
 A. D. 1620. 
 
 An atlas by Salvatore Oliva in the Biblioteca 
 Laurenziana, Florence, showing the two Americas. 
 Cf. Studi, &c., ii. p. 1 86. 
 
 A. D. 1625. 
 
 Hondius's map of the two Americas in Purchas's 
 Pilgrimes, iii. 857. 
 
 A. D. 1626. 
 
 The map in John Speed's Prospect, engraved by 
 Abraham Goos. 
 
 91. A. D. 1628. The world (Drake's Voyage). 
 
 An engraved map of small size for The World cn- 
 compassed by Sir Francis Drake, London, 1628. The 
 southern continent is called " Magallanica." Cali- 
 fornia is an island. 
 
 The map is by Jodocus Hondins, and is repro- 
 duced in the Hakluyt Society's ed. of The World 
 encompassed. Cf. the Ilondius map in the 1613 ed. 
 of Mercator's Atlas. Cf. Uricoechea, nos. 29, 30. 
 
 92. A. D. 1630. America by De Laet. 
 
 An engraved map, " America; sive Indiae occi- 
 dentalis tabula generalis," in De Laet's Nieuwe\ 
 Wereldt, published at Leyden in 1630. He credits' 
 Hessel Gerritz with making the maps from the best 
 published and collected information which De Laet 
 could gather for his use. North America above 
 Labrador and Cape Mendocino is omitted. Cali- 
 fornia is a peninsula, though it was generally made 
 an island at this time. South America is too broad. 
 The southern shore of Tierra del Fuego is left un- 
 defined. There is no southern continent. It was 
 repeated in the various editions of De Laet. 
 
 III. 
 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 *#* Maps of THE Two AMERICAS contained in Section II. 
 need of course to be consulted to perfect this enumeration of th* 
 delineations of North A merica. 
 
 93. A. D. 1525. North America by Lorenz 
 
 Friess. 
 
 From the " Carta marina Portugalensium," made 
 in 1525 by the German geographer, Friess. What is 
 shown of North America is the coast from Yucatan 
 (apparently an island) well up the eastern coast of 
 the present United States, or even farther. The 
 continent is called " Terra de Cuba, partis affrice," 
 while the island, Cuba (not named), is partly shown. 
 The whole geography is very confused and uncer- 
 tain, and a segment of a large land or island on the 
 eastern edge of the map may perhaps, as Kohl 
 thinks, stand for Newfoundland. There are names 
 on the map which we cannot trace to Ayllon or 
 Ponce de Leon ; which leads Kohl to suspect other 
 voyagers on the coast of which we have no other 
 knowledge. It very likely preserves some of the 
 sources used in the Cantino map. 
 
 A. D. circa 1550. 
 
 Atlas of about the middle of the century, pre- 
 served in the Riccarcli palace at Florence ; has some 
 maps of North America. Cf. Jahrbuch dcs Vereins 
 fiir Erdkunde in Dresden, 1870, pi. vi. and ix. 
 
 94. A. D. 1566. North America by Zaltieri. 
 
 A map engraved on copper at Venice in 1566. It 
 resembles no. 69 for North America, except that in 
 the present map the Straits of Anian separate North 
 America from Asia. The whole of the northeastern 
 part is erroneous ; and it is not easy to define corre- 
 spondences. Newfoundland is seemingly a group 
 of islands. A large lake, not connected with what 
 is apparently meant for the Saint Lawrence, flows 
 through a river called " S. Lorenzo," which might 
 stand for the Penobscot. It is sketched in the A r ar. 
 and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. 93. It may be com- 
 pared with a map of Des Liens (North America) of 
 this same year (1566). There is an original in 
 Harvard College Library. 
 
 A. D. I 568. 
 
 A map of Dicgus fllomem] preserved in the 
 Royal Library at Dresden. 
 
 95. A. D. 1575. North America by Porcacchi. 
 
 A map entitled, " Mondo nuovo " in Porcacchi's 
 L 1 Isole pin famose del mondo (1576), engraved by G.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 21 
 
 Porro. The text is largely based on Bordone. The 
 map is little more than a reduction of Zaltieri 
 (no. 94). 
 
 It originally appeared in the 1572 edition; and 
 was repeated in the 1576 edition. It is sketched in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. 96. 
 
 A. D. 1578. 
 
 The Martines Atlas in the British Museum, shows 
 (nos. 10 and 15) the coasts of North America. It is 
 sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, 
 iv. 97. 
 
 96. A. D. 1580. North America by J. Dee. 
 
 A MS. map in the British Museum presented by 
 Dr. Dee to Queen Elizabeth, but perhaps not made 
 by him, since it is not in his autograph. The Cali- 
 fornia coast is carried well up beyond the peninsula ; 
 but there are no traces of Drake's New Albion. 
 The St. Lawrence Gulf (except the west coast of 
 Newfoundland) and river (without the lakes or any 
 corresponding water) is very well denned. It is 
 sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, 
 iv. 98. 
 
 97. A. D. 1582. North America by Lok. 
 
 An engraved map in Hakluyt's Divers Voyages, 
 1582, since repeated in the Hakluyt Society's edi- 
 tion of that book, and in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of 
 America, iii. 40 ; iv. 44. 
 
 98. A. D. 1593. North America by Judeeis. 
 
 Inscribed " Americse pars borealis, Florida, Bac- 
 calaos, Canada, Corterealis, a Cornelio de Juclaeis in 
 lucem edita, 1593." It belongs to his Speculum Orbis 
 terra. It is sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of 
 America, iv. 97. 
 
 99. A. D. 1600. North America by Quaden, or 
 
 Quadus. 
 
 Engraved map by Mathias Quaden, or Quadus, 
 which appeared in the Geographisches Handbuch, 
 Cologne, 1600, and is entitled, " Nova Orbis pars 
 borealis." The Pacific coast above Lower California 
 is not shown. The northern parts are of the Mer- 
 cator type. The Central America region is omit- 
 ted. The mountain ranges run east and west. It is 
 sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, 
 iv. 101. 
 
 100. A. D. 1625. North America [by Briggs] 
 from Purchas. 
 
 Engraved map in Purchas's Pilgrimes, vol. iii. 
 Kohl says it has more original value than the other 
 maps in that volume. Hudson's Bay is left with a 
 part of the western bounds of it unfixed, while the 
 western coast of the continent is not drawn above 
 45, indicating by legends on the map a supposed 
 northwest passage. California is shown as an island, 
 with a northern limit under 42, " as appears by a 
 map brought to London out of Holland." 
 
 A. D. 1635-1636 (?) 
 
 The undated America Scptentrionalis of Joannes 
 Jannsen, published at Amsterdam. The Novissima 
 et accuratissima totiits America Descriptio per N. Vis- 
 scher, of about the same date. The English trans- 
 lation by Henry Hexham of the Hondius-Mercator 
 Atlas, printed at Amsterdam in 1636, has in vol. i. a 
 
 map of the world, showing much the same configu- 
 ration as is given in vol. ii. in a general map of 
 America, particularly as regards the northern parts. 
 
 A. D. 1644. 
 
 A map of America in an edition of Linschoten, 
 published at Amsterdam. It is of the Mercator 
 type. 
 
 A.'D. 1646. 
 
 Two maps of America, "Petrus Koerius caelavit 
 Anno do. 1646," in Speed's Prospect of the most 
 Famous Parts of the World, London, 1668. 
 
 A. D. 1650. 
 
 An engraved map of North America by Sanson 
 d'Abbeville. Harrisse, Notes sur la Nouv. France, 
 no. 325. 
 
 A. D. 1651. 
 
 An edition of Speed's Prospect, 1676, has a map 
 of the world dated 1651, showing North America. 
 
 A. D. 1652. 
 
 A map by Visscher, America nova descriptio, marked 
 " Autore N. I. Piscator." 
 
 A. D. 1655. 
 
 A map in America, or an exact description of the 
 West Indies. 
 
 A. D. 1656-1663. 
 
 Dr. Peter Heylyn's map of America, in his Cos- 
 mographia, Robert Vaughan, sculp. There were later 
 editions. 
 
 A. D. 1657. 
 
 The Amerique Septentrionale of G. Sanson and 
 later editions. 
 
 A. D. 1659. 
 
 A " New and accurate map of the world " in the 
 History of the World, by Dion Petau or Petavius, 
 London, 1659- 
 
 A. D. 1 666. 
 
 W. Hollar's map of America. Cf. Catalogue King's 
 maps in Brit. Museum, i. 23. 
 
 A. D. 1669. 
 
 The map of North America in Blome's Description 
 of the World ; again in 1670, following Sanson. 
 
 A. D. 1670. 
 
 The map in Ogilby's America. 
 
 A. D. 1673-74. 
 
 Joliet's earliest map, showing North America, of 
 which a reproduction is given in the Revue de Geog- 
 raphic, iSSo, and in other places; and a sketch in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. 208. 
 
 A. D. 1678. 
 
 Map of the world in Kircher's Mundus Subterra- 
 neus (Amsterdam), of the Ortelius type.
 
 22 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. 1681-84. 
 
 Franquelin's MS. map of 1681 made from Joliet's 
 data, of which there is a sketch in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist, of America, iv. 218; a configuration more 
 elaborately worked out in his great map of 1684, of 
 of which there is a sketch in Ibid. iv. 228. 
 
 A. D. 1683. 
 
 Hennepin's map of North America, dated 1683, 
 1697. 
 
 A. D. 1685-98 and later. 
 
 The map in R. Burton's [N. Crouch's] English 
 Empire in America, 
 
 A. D. 1691. 
 
 Map of North America in Leclercq's Etablisse- 
 ment de la Foi, reproduced in Shea's translation of 
 that book. 
 
 A. D. 1692-93. 
 
 Sanson's map of North America (1692); and the 
 map published at Amsterdam in 1693 by Mortier. 
 There were later dates. 
 
 A. D. 1694. 
 
 L'Ameriqne Septcntrionale of Hubert Jaillot; and 
 his map of the world in 1696. 
 
 A. D. 1700. 
 
 Delisle's map of America. 
 
 A. D. 1702. 
 
 The map of North America in Campanius' Nya 
 Swerige, of which there is a facsimile in the Nar. 
 and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. 394. 
 
 A. D. 1 709. 
 
 La Hon tan's map, Carte Generale de Canada. The 
 1703 edition has a sectional map. 
 
 A. D. 1710. 
 
 John Senex's map of North America, of which 
 there is a reproduction in David Mill's Report on the 
 Boundaries of the Province of Ontario, Toronto, 1873. 
 
 A. D. 1717. 
 
 Herman Moll's map of North America, in his 
 Atlas. Moll's maps were used in Oldmixon's Amer- 
 ica, 1708 and 1741. 
 
 A. D. 1714-22. 
 
 The Hemisphere septentrional of Guillaume de 
 1'Isle ; and his Carte d'Amerique. 
 
 A. D. 1731. 
 
 UAmlrique mise au jour far Danet, Paris. 
 
 A. D. 1733. 
 
 Henry Popple's Map of the British Empire in 
 America, with the French and Spanish Settlements 
 adjacent thereto. 
 
 A. D. 1738. 
 
 Map of America in Keith's Pennsylvania. 
 
 A. D. 1740. 
 
 Delisle's map of North America, of which there is 
 a reproduction in Mill's Boundaries of Ontario, 1873. 
 
 A. D. 1741. 
 
 Moll's map of North America in Oldmixon's 
 British Empire. 
 
 A. D. 1744. 
 
 Bellin's map in the Noiivelle France of Charlevoix, 
 and his map of the world in 1748. 
 
 A. D. 1746. 
 
 The Amlrique Septentrionale of D 'Anville ; and 
 the America Mappa of Homann. 
 
 A. D. 1747. 
 
 The North America of Bowen's Geography. 
 
 A. D. 1755-56. 
 
 D'Anville's map of North America, and the repro- 
 duction of it, " improved " in Douglass's Summary 
 of the British Settlements in North America, 1755 
 (English edition). The map in John Haske's Present 
 State of North America (20! ed.) showing the extent 
 of the British claim to territory and the map (1756) 
 in Mill's Boundaries of Ontario (1873) showing the 
 French claim. 
 
 A. D. 1757. 
 
 L ' Amerique Septentrionale, published by Covens 
 and Mortier at Amsterdam ; and that in Robert de 
 Vaugondy's Atlas Universd. 
 
 A. D. 1760. 
 
 L'Amcrique, par Sanson rcctifiee par Robert, con- 
 tained with others in Van der Aa's La Galerie agrea- 
 ble du Monde. 
 
 A. D. 1762. 
 
 L' Amcrique par Janvier in the Atlas Moderne. 
 
 A. D. 1763. 
 
 Delisle's UAmeriqne of 1722, corrected by Buache. 
 Mat. Scutterius' map of North America. 
 Bowen's Map of North America. 
 
 *#* The maps at this time, and later, gave the new definitions 
 of bounds, as fixed by the Treaty of Paris in 1763. 
 
 IV. 
 
 NORTHERN PARTS OF NORTH 
 AMERICA. 
 
 *** The maps in Sections II. and III. need to be consulted 
 to supplement the enumeration of the present section. 
 
 A. D. 1496-1631. 
 
 J. W. Runclall's map (modern surveys) of Arctic 
 explorations (Baffin's Bay, Hudson's Bay, etc.) be- 
 tween these years is in Thomas Rundall's Voyages
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 towards the Northwest, published by the Hakluyt 
 Society, 1849. See also Petermann's " Karte der 
 Arktischen und Antarktischen Regionen, zur Uber- 
 sicht der Entdeckungsgeschichte " in his Geogra- 
 phische Mittheilungen, xiv. (1865) pi. 12; und Er- 
 ganzungsband, iv. no. 16, pi. i ; and the map in 
 Peschel's Geschichte der Erdkunde, ed. Ruge, 1877, 
 p. 288. 
 
 101. A. D. 1503. The North Atlantic. 
 
 From a Portuguese portolano, showing the north- 
 ern coasts, above Nova Scotia. Greenland is 
 tolerably drawn with a broad expanse of water 
 on the west (Baffin's Bay). A second Greenland 
 (Engronelant) is drawn as a peninsula extending 
 from Scandinavia, as in earlier maps, and sepa- 
 rated from the true Greenland by a passage to the 
 polar seas. 
 
 A. D. 1503-1504. 
 
 A Portuguese chart showing the northeastern 
 'Coast, given in Kohl's Discovery of Maine, p. 174; 
 *nd in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. 35. 
 
 A. D. 1514-1520. 
 
 The coast from Nova Scotia to Labrador, as 
 shown in a sketch given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, 
 of America, iii. 56. It is a portion of a chart giving 
 a large part of the coast. Cf. Kohl, Discovery of 
 Maine, p. 179 ; Stevens' Notes, and Kunstmann's 
 Atlas. 
 
 A. D. 1522-1525. 
 
 A map of Lorenz Friess in the Ptolemy of 1522 
 shows Greenland as an elongated island in the N. W. 
 of Europe. There is a facsimile of it in Norden- 
 skiold's Broderna Zenos, Stockholm, 1883. This map 
 is not contained in the 1525 edition of Ptolemy, where 
 a map, " Tab. nova Norbergias et Gottice," shows 
 Greenland as a much broader peninsula of North- 
 western Europe, called " Engronelant." No. 49 of 
 the 1525 edition is still another delineation, repre- 
 senting " Gronlanda " as a long, narrow peninsula ex- 
 tending southwesterly from the northwest of Europe. 
 A reproduction of this map, ascribed to Ancuparius, 
 the editor of the Ptolemy of 1522, is given in Wit- 
 sen's Noord en Oost Tartarye, vol. ii. (1705). 
 
 102. A. D. 1525. Labrador and Greenland, by 
 
 Loreuz Friess. 
 
 From the atlas of Lorenz Friess, 1525, Labrador 
 is called "Terra nova Conterati " (of Cortereal), 
 who is said in a legend to have discovered it in 1510, 
 instead of 1501. The abundance of herring and stock- 
 fish (cod) on the coast is mentioned. The southern 
 part of Greenland is east of Davis Straits. " Terra 
 laboratoris " is made an island, west of, and near to 
 the lower point of Greenland. The Azores (Has 
 Axagoras) are shown. 
 
 A. D. 1532. 
 
 A map in Ziegler's Scondia, etc., published in Stras- 
 burg, and again in 1 536, gives a sweep of unbroken 
 coast which he calls "Terra Baccalaos," " Ulteriora 
 Gronlandia," " Incognita." Both editions are in the 
 Carter-Brown Library (Catalogue, \. nos. 103, 120). 
 There are copies of the 1532 edition in the Collec- 
 tions of Mr. Chas. Deane and Mr. Jas. Carson Bre- 
 voort. 
 
 103. A. D. 1534. Labrador by Bordone. 
 
 Engraved map in his f solaria, Venice, 1534. The 
 country is called " Terra de lavoratore " ; and it is 
 the earliest extension of a large island which may, 
 as Kohl thinks, stand for North America, whose 
 S. W. point is separated by a strait from the " Mondo 
 Novo" (South America). If this conjecture is cor- 
 rect the strait corresponds to such a passage, as 
 shown in other maps of this time. In the ocean are 
 the islands, " Asmaide," " Bresil," and " Astores." 
 
 104. A. D. 1542. Northeast Coast, by Rotz. 
 
 From Rotz's MS. Booke of Idrography in the 
 British Museum. It shows " New fonde Lande " 
 broken into islands ; the coast north of the straits 
 of Belle Isle. A compass conceals what was per- 
 haps intended for Davis or Hudson's Straits ; 
 and then north of this a curved peninsula marked 
 " Cost of Labrador," which seems to be Greenland, 
 extends towards " Islonde." Kohl points out its re- 
 semblance to the Henri II. or Dauphin map (see 
 sub no. 58). 
 
 A. D. 1544. 
 
 The sectional maps of the Northeast coast, by 
 Jean Allefonsce, of which sketches are given in the 
 Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. 74-77. One 
 of them is reproduced in Weise's Discoveries of 
 America. 
 
 A. D. xvi. cent. 
 
 Various maps, showing the Northeast coasts of 
 North America, and extracted in part from mappe- 
 mondes, are sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of 
 America, iv. 8l et seq. 
 
 Portuguese atlases preserved in the Royal ar- 
 chives and in the Biblioteca Riccardiana at Flor- 
 ence, which show this coast, are mentioned in the 
 Studi biog. e bibliog. de la soc. ital., ii. nos. 451, 452. 
 
 A. D. 1547. 
 
 The map of Scandinavia in Bordone represents 
 " Engronelant " as a peninsula of Europe. 
 
 A. D. 1548. 
 
 The " Delia Terra nova Bacalaos " by Gastaldi 
 in the Italian Ptolemy of 1548, of which there is a 
 sketch in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. 88. 
 
 A. D. circa 1553. 
 
 Gastaldi's map, Nuova Francia, which appeared 
 in the third volume of Ramusio in 1556. There 
 are facsimiles of it in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of 
 America, iv. 91 ; and in Weise's Discoveries of America, 
 P- 356- 
 
 105. A. D. 1558. Iceland by A. Mercator. 
 
 A. D. 1561. 
 
 Ruscelli's Ticrra Niirsa in the Ptolemy of this 
 year, showing the coast from Florida to Labrador. 
 There are sketches of this map in Kohl's Disccn-ery 
 of Maine, 233; Lelewel, Geog. de Moycn Age, 170; 
 and A r ar. and Crit. Hist, of A Hi erica, iv. 92. 
 
 This edition has also a map, Schcnladia, which 
 shows a peninsula north of " Thyle " and beyond the 
 " Mare Congelatum," which is a supposable Green- 
 land.
 
 2 4 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 106. A. D. 1562. The North Atlantic from the 
 
 Ptolemy of 1562. 
 
 This is an engraved reproduction of the Zeni map, 
 which had been first published in 1558, and had been 
 followed in 1561 by Ruscelli. To the present Ptol- 
 emy copy by Moletta, that cartographer adds a note 
 saying that its geography is confirmed by modern 
 navigators, " as we know by letters and marine charts 
 sent to us from divers parts." 
 
 See bibliographical memoranda relating to the 
 Zeni map and its influence in Winsor's Bibliog. of 
 Ptolemy, sub anno 1562. 
 
 A. D. 1562. 
 
 An engraved map of the east coast of North 
 America from Cape Breton to Florida made by 
 Diego Guitierrez, the cosmographer of King Philip, 
 and engraved by Cock. 
 
 A. D. 1567. 
 
 " Gruntlandia " (Greenland) is shown in a n.ap of 
 the northern regions in Olar Magni Historia, pub- 
 lished this year at Basle. There is a facsimile of 
 the map in Nordenskiold's Brdderna Zenos, Stock- 
 holm, 1883. 
 
 A. D. 1570. 
 
 A map of the North Atlantic by Stephanius, based 
 on Icelandic sources, given by Kohl in his Discovery 
 of Maine, p. 107, and in Weise's Disco-series of Amer- 
 ica, p. 22. Ortelius gave this year in his Thcatrum 
 Orbis Terrarum, a map of the northern regions which 
 he called " Septentrionalium Regionum Descrip.," 
 showing " Estotilant " (apparently a part of the main), 
 with " Groclant," " Groenlant," " Drogeo," " Islant." 
 and " Frislant " as islands in the north Atlantic. It 
 was repeated in the editions of Ortelius of 1575, 
 1584, and 1592. There were new engravings of it in 
 Minister's Cosmographia in 1595 ; and in the Cologne- 
 Arnheim edition of Ptolemy in 1597. 
 
 107. A. D. 1575 (?) Northeast Coast. 
 
 From a MS. Portuguese map in the British Mu- 
 seum, inscribed: "On the 2oth Nov. 1580, a Portu- 
 guese, Fernando Simon, lent this map to John Dee 
 in Mortlake, and a servant of Dee copied it for him." 
 It shows the coast from Cape Breton, north to Hud- 
 son's Straits. The St. Lawrence gulf is given, but 
 not the river. Newfoundland is broken into islands. 
 The map resembles that of Freire of 1546 (no. 58); 
 but does not suggest Dee's own map of 1580, as 
 sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, 
 
 108. A. D. 1578. Frobisher's Discoveries. 
 
 Taken from a map in Best's True Discourse, Lon- 
 don, 1 578, and confirming Frobisher's own map of the 
 world (no. 78). There is an engraving of no. 108 in 
 Collinson's Frobisher's Voyages, 1867, published by 
 the Hakluyt Society. 
 
 109. A. D. 1580. The Polar Regions by Dee. 
 
 It represents the polar islands of Mercator ; 
 Greenland as a long island, with Estotiland as an 
 island of uncertain limits, southwest of Greenland. 
 " Icaria," "Frislant," and "Tula ins." lie east of 
 Greenland. Dr. Kohl has not annotated it. 
 
 A. D. 1585-87. 
 
 A modern map showing Davis's explorations is 
 given in the Hakluyt's Society's edition of Davis' 1 * 
 Voyages, p. i. 
 
 110. A. D. 1587. Northeast Coast. 
 
 From a manuscript atlas in the British Museum, 
 inscribed : Livre de la Marine du Pilote Pastoret, 
 I 'an, 1587. S. F. M. Dr. Kohl thinks the name 
 may be " Pralut " or perhaps " Pasterot." It shows 
 the coast from Cape Breton to La Mer Glacee. New- 
 foundland is a group of islands. The straits of Belle 
 Isle is marked as where Cartier passed. The Green- 
 land region resembles No. 104. 
 
 111. A. D. 1592. Northeast Coast by Molineaux. 
 
 An extract from Molineaux's globe in the Middle 
 Temple, London, showing the St. Lawrence river 
 and gulf; Newfoundland as islands; Davis Straits 
 and Greenland. Molineaux had Davis's charts, now 
 lost. Frobisher's Strait is made to separate the 
 southern part of Greenland from an island, an 
 error long perpetuated. There is a sketch of this 
 part of the globe in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of 
 America, iii. 213. 
 
 112. A. D. 1592. Polar Regions by Molineaux. 
 
 From his 1592 globe. Shows the north of Europe 
 and Asia, but of America it gives only the north- 
 east coast of Greenland. It omits Mercator's Polar 
 islands, in which Moline.aux finds no ground for 
 belief. 
 
 113. A. D. 1597. Labrador and Greenland by 
 
 Wytfliet. 
 
 The engraved map " Estotilandia et Laboratoris 
 terra " in Wytfliet's continuation of Ptolemy. It 
 shows both coasts of " Fretum Joan Davis," and 
 bears a resemblance to this part of the Molineaux 
 globe (no. in). The erroneous Frobisher's Straits 
 (south of Greenland) are drawn, but not named. 
 Frisland lies an island southeast of Greenland, 
 of which it really was in Kohl's view the southern 
 part. 
 
 Another Wytfliet map, " Nova Francia et Canada, 
 1597," is given in facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist, of America, iv. 100. A third map of Wyt- 
 fliet shows the coast from the St. Lawrence gulf 
 to South Carolina. A fourth represents the archi- 
 pelago of Newfoundland (as he understood it) and 
 Labrador. 
 
 114. A. D. 1598. The North Atlantic, Ed. Ptol- 
 
 emy. 
 
 The map "Scandia" in the 1598 (Venice) edition 
 of Ptolemy, translated into Italian by Cernot. A 
 well-known Italian cartographer is known to have 
 made some of the maps of this edition, and may 
 have made this. The American shore is based on 
 the Zeni map. 
 
 115. A. D. i59-(?) Greenland and Ireland. 
 
 This is called by Dr. Kohl " an English map, 
 159-?" but he gives no further information. It 
 shows the eastern shore of Greenland, the erroneous 
 " Forboshar's Straits," the islands " Freeseland " 
 and " Iseland."
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 116. A. D. 1 60-? North Polar regions by Mer- 
 
 cator. 
 
 Engraved map of a part of the northern hemi- 
 sphere (above 60 lat.) in the Mercator-Hondius 
 Atlas, Amsterdam, 1630 ; but it is assigned to Ge- 
 rardus Mercator himself ; and was made, as Kohl 
 thinks, a little before Mercator's death in 1594. 
 Kohl also calls it the first time the projection was 
 used, which makes the north pole the centre. He 
 represents the four large islands round the pole, 
 which Mercator, getting the idea from Cnoyen, was the 
 first at an earlier date to introduce into maps, and 
 between which he supposes the oceans to flow to the 
 pole, where the superfluous water is absorbed by the 
 south. He places the magnetic pole under 74, on 
 a line from the pole to the Straits of Anian, also 
 thought by Kohl a first attempt to locate such pole, 
 but he forgets the attempts of Ruysch, Martin Cortes, 
 and Sanuto. Greenland is made an island with de- 
 fined northern capes. The land about Davis's Straits 
 is shown much in the same way as in the Molineaux 
 globe of 1592 (no. in). Mercator gives the same 
 large inland fresh-water sea in northern Canada, with 
 connection with the polar ocean. 
 
 A similar map on a smaller scale, extending only 
 to 60 N. lat. is given in Purchas, iii. 625, as 
 " Hondus his map of the Arctic Pole." 
 
 117. A. D. 1600. Arctic regions. 
 
 An engraved map in De Bry's India Orientals, 
 tertia pars, 1601, where it appears without other 
 explanation than that it was made by "Wilhelmus 
 Bernardus " (Barent9z, the Dutch navigator). Kohl 
 and Markham suppose it to have been made by 
 Barentsz on his third voyage, 1596-97. The parts 
 of America shown are Greenland, Fretum Davis, 
 and Estotiland. Markham says regarding the fac- 
 simile of the original map which appears in the 
 Hakluyt Society's edition of Barents' Three Voyages, 
 that "the map was first published in 1599 by Cor- 
 nelius Claeszoon in the second part of the abridged 
 Latin edition of Linschoten's Itinerariiim ; but it is 
 wanting in some copies." 
 
 This may be compared with the Arctic parts of 
 the map of the world by Molineaux, as reproduced 
 by the Hakluyt Society in 1880. 
 
 A. D. 1600. 
 
 A map by Metellus, " Estotilandia et Laboratoris 
 terra." It shows " Groenlandiae pars," " Islandia," 
 " Frisland," and "Terre de Laborador." 
 
 A. D. 1601. 
 
 Harrisse, Cabots, p. 201, refers to a beautifully 
 executed map of the Atlantic, marked : " 1601, R. 
 Dieppe par Guillemme Levasseur le 12 de Juillet." 
 
 118. A. D. 1608. Greenland. 
 
 A little map, showing a small part of " Groen- 
 lant," marked also " Hold with Hope." Kohl 
 credits it to Hudson, but gives no explanation. 
 
 A. D. 1609. 
 
 The map in Lescarbot's Norivelle France, of which 
 there are sections in facsimile in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist, of America, iv. 150, 152, 374, 378. It 
 is also reproduced in the Paris reprint and else- 
 where. 
 
 A map of about 1610, preserved in the French 
 archives, and of which there is a copy in the Mass. 
 Archives, is sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of 
 America, vol. iii. 
 
 A. D. 1611. 
 
 A map by Jodocus Hondius explaining Barentz's 
 third voyage, which appeared in the Latin ed. of 
 Pontanus's Amsterdam, 1611, and in the Dutch ed. 
 of 1614. It is given in facsimile in Asher's Henry 
 Hudson the Navigator, published by the Hakluyt So- 
 ciety, 1860. It is called "Tabula Geogr. in qua 
 admirandas navigationis Cursus et recursus desig- 
 natur." 
 
 A. D. 1 6 . 
 
 Hondius's map of Iceland is given in Purchas, 
 iii. 644. 
 
 119. A. D. 1612. Arctic Regions by Hudson. 
 
 Hudson's chart of his northern expedition be- 
 tween Greenland and Hudson's Bay. Kohl makes 
 no comments on this map, which follows an en- 
 graved chart in De Bry's Indies Orientalis, pars x, 
 1613. A facsimile is given in Asher's Hudson the 
 Navigator, published by the Hakluyt Society, 1860. 
 It is called Tabula Nantica, . . . anno 1612. 
 
 120. A. D. 1612. The same. 
 
 On this copy Kohl remarks upon the absence of 
 any reference to the map in De Bry's text, which he 
 supposes was copied as would appear to be the 
 case by De Bry from Hudson's own chart in the 
 Descriptio ac ddineatio geographica detcctionis freti . . . 
 ab Henrico Hndsono Anglo, Amsterdam, 1612; and 
 again 1613. There are copies in Harvard College 
 library. Cf. Camus, Alhnoire sur de Bry, p. 258. 
 The Portuguese designation is given to Newfound- 
 land, " Ilha de Bacalhao." 
 
 A. D. 1612-13. 
 
 The Hondius-Mercator atlas of 1613. This has 
 two maps of Europe, which include Greenland and 
 adjacent parts, one is by Hondius, the other by 
 Mercator. 
 
 A portolano (1613) of Johannes Oliva of Mar- 
 seilles, in the British Museum, in a chart of the 
 north Atlantic gives the east coast of America from 
 Norumbega to Hatteras. Newfoundland is better 
 drawn than before, but Oliva seems to have been 
 ignorant of Lescarbot's map. 
 
 Champlain's maps of 1612 and 1613. That of 
 1612 extends from the southern side of Cape Cod to 
 Labrador, and that of 1613, though different, covers 
 about the same range of coast. They are repro- 
 duced in the Quebec and Boston editions of Cham- 
 plain, and in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, 
 iv. 380-382. 
 
 121. A. D. 1615. Hudson Straits by Baffin. 
 
 The original MS. map is in the British Museum. 
 A colored facsimile is given in Baffin 's Voyages, pub- 
 lished by the Hakluyt Society, 1881 ; and it is given 
 in outline in RundalFs Voyages t(nvards the North- 
 ivcst, published by the same society, 1849. The 
 chart represents Baffin's fourth voyage. Capt. Buck 
 in 1836 was the next to follow this route.
 
 26 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. 1616, etc. 
 
 Petermann in his Geographische Mittheilungen, vol. 
 xiii. (1867), pi. 6, gives a map, " Das nordlichste 
 Land der Erde entdeckt 1616 bis 1861," including 
 Bylot and Baffin's map (1616), Ross (1818), Ingle- 
 field (1852), Kane (1855), and Hayes (1861). 
 
 122. A. D. 1619. Hudson's Straits and Bay. 
 
 An engraved map in La Peyrere's Recneil de Voy- 
 age au Nord, made as that editor says after Danish 
 authorities, possibly representing Munk's voyage 
 in 1618-19, who named the straits and bay after 
 King Christian. Baffin's Bay becomes " Gulf Davis." 
 The maker of the chart was not aware seemingly of 
 Hudson's explorations in the southern parts of Hud- 
 son's Bay. 
 
 The same or a similar map appears in La Pey- 
 rere's Relation du Greenland, Paris, 1647 an d 
 
 A. D. 1624. 
 
 Sir Wm. Alexander's map, in Purchas, of which 
 a part is given in facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 of America, iii. 306. 
 
 A. D. 1624-30. 
 
 The map by Chapelain, appearing in Isaac de La 
 Peyrere's Relation du Greenland, Paris, 1663, is re- 
 produced in an English translation in the volume on 
 Spitsbergen and Greenland, published by the Hakluyt 
 Society in 1835. The La Peyrere Relation refers to 
 a map "per Martinum filium Arnoldi, ano 1624 & 
 1625," which had been used in the construction of it ; 
 and which was then preserved in the library of Cardi- 
 nal Mazarin; also to a map made by Capt. Munck 
 on his voyage, reprinted with his narrative, which 
 agrees with a map of Hudson, owned by Chapelain. 
 The same Hakluyt Society volume contains the map 
 of Greenland accompanying Edward Pellham's God's 
 PoT.ver and Providence shewed in the . . . deliverance of 
 eight Englishmen left in Greenland, 1630, published 
 in London, 1631. 
 
 123. A. D. 1625. Greenland. 
 
 An engraved map in Purchas's Pilgrimes, iii. 472. 
 Kohl has not commented on it, except to call it 
 Spitzbergcn, which it seems to be, instead of the 
 modern Greenland. Luke Fox's map (1633) a ' so 
 calls the Asiatic Island by the name of Greenland. 
 
 124. A. r>. 1631. Hudson's Bay and Greenland 
 
 by Capt. James. 
 
 An engraved map in Capt. Thomas James's Strange 
 and Dangerous Voyage, 1633, inscribed " The platt 
 of sayling for the discoverye of a Passage into the 
 South Sea, 1631, 1632." Kohl calls it the earliest 
 map of Hudson Bay giving the entire shore from 
 observation. His latitudes arc nearly correct: he 
 omits longitudes. There is a facsimile of part of it 
 in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. of America, iii. 96. 
 
 125. A. D. 1633. Northern parts by Fox. 
 
 An engraved map in Luke Fox's A T orthwtaste 
 Foxe, London, 1633. It shows the east coast of 
 North America from the Hudson River, including 
 Hudson's and Baffin's Bays, to Greenland, and the 
 west coast above Cape Mendocino to a point north 
 of the straits which separated what was then sup- 
 posed to be the Island of California at its northern 
 end from the main. 
 
 A. D. 1636, etc. 
 
 Maps of Baffin's Bay by Luke Fox (1636), Hex- 
 ham's Mercator-Hondius (1636), Moll (1706), Bar- 
 rington (1818), and modern charts are given in Mark- 
 ham's Voyage of William Baffin, published by the 
 Hakluyt Society, iSSi. The Fox map is reproduced 
 in the 'Nar, and Crit. Hist, of America, iii. 98. 
 
 A. D. 1644-63. 
 
 An engraved map of Iceland by Du Val in La 
 Peyrere's Relation de I'fslande, Paris, 1663. 
 
 A. D. 1646. 
 
 Robert Dudley's map of the St. Lawrence and ad- 
 jacent parts, continued in his Arcano del Mare (Flor- 
 ence, 1647), p. 52 ; and sketched in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist, of America, iv. 388. It is called in Dudley : 
 "D 'America Carta prima." 
 
 A. D. 1656. 
 
 Sanson's Le Canada includes the region about 
 Hudson's Bay. 
 
 A. D. 1660. 
 
 The Tabula Nova; Francics of Du Creux or Creux- 
 ius, of which a portion is given in facsimile in the 
 Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. 389. 
 
 A. D. l66l. 
 
 North America in the Zee-Atlas of Van Loon. 
 
 A. D. 1662. 
 
 " A chart of Hudson's Straights and Bay, of 
 Davis's Straights and Baffin's Bay, as published in 
 the year 1662," is given in T. S. Drage's Account of 
 a Voyage for the Discovery of a Northwest passage, 
 London, 1749, vol. ii. 
 
 126. A. D. 1669. Greenland by Goos. 
 
 An engraved map in Pietro de la Goos's Atlas de 
 la marine, Amsterdam, 1669. lie makes Frobisher's 
 Straits cut off the southern end of Greenland, and 
 gives many names, unknown in earlier maps, to the 
 shore of Greenland, opposite Iceland ; while Dutch 
 names on the western coast would indicate explora- 
 tions by Hollanders in that region. 
 
 127. A. D. 1685. Hudson's Bay by Jaillot. 
 
 It shows the French and English posts : and Kohl 
 says the information is drawn almost entirely from 
 Canadian sources. 
 
 Bleau's atlas of 1685 gives maps showing the north- 
 ern parts. 
 
 A. D. 1687. 
 
 Morclcn's maps in Blome's Present state of His 
 Majesty's Isles and Territories in America. 
 
 A. D. 1716 (?) 
 
 Delisle's Carte da Canada shows also the polar 
 regions. It is also in the atlas published by Covens 
 and Mortier at Amsterdam.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 2 7 
 
 A. D. 1720. 
 
 C. G. Zorgdragers, Groenlandsche Visschery, Am- 
 sterdam, 1720, had maps of the Polar regions, Green- 
 land and Iceland, which are repeated in the Co- 
 penhagen edition of 1727. Frobisher's Straits are 
 represented as cutting off the southern part of Green- 
 land. 
 
 A. D. 1728. 
 
 The Atlas maritimus et Commercials, London, 
 1728, has a map of the St. Lawrence Gulf, and the 
 Northeastern coasts. 
 
 128. A. D. circa 1730. Between Lake Superior 
 
 ancl Hudson's Bay. 
 
 A MS. map by De la Veranderie preserved in the 
 Depot de la Marine in Paris. " Donnee par Mon- 
 sieur de la Galissoniere, 1750." It shows the coun- 
 try between Lake Superior and Hudson Bay, with 
 its waters and portages, and forts and trading-posts. 
 
 129. A. D. 1730. Country Northwest of Lake 
 
 Superior. 
 
 An Indian map, made by Ochagach, preserved in 
 the Depot de la Marine, showing water-ways and 
 portages. Kohl supposes it to have been carried to 
 Europe by De la Veranderie, who used it in compil- 
 ing map no. 128. 
 
 130. A. D. 1740. Hudson Bay Country. 
 
 Kohl calls this map a sketch of the territory ex- 
 plored by De la Veranderie, and says the original in 
 the Depot de la Marine at Paris is called, " Carte 
 des Nouvelles decouvertes clans 1'ouest clu Canada 
 et des nations qui y habitent. Dresse'e, dit-on, sur 
 les Memoires de Monsieur de la Veranderie, mais 
 fort imparfaite & ce qu'il m'a dit. Donnee an Ddpot 
 de la Marine par Monsieur de la Galissoniere en 
 1750." 
 
 A. D. 1741. 
 
 An engraved map of Greenland in Hans Egede's 
 Grfnland, Copenhagen, 1741 ; repeated in the Ger- 
 man edition, Copenhagen, 1742; and called "Gr^n- 
 landia Antiqua ; " also in the Beschreibungvon Gron- 
 land, translated by Kriinitz, Berlin, 1763. 
 
 Cf. the map by Paul Egede in his Efterrctninger 
 om Grfinland, Copenhagen, 1789. 
 
 The northeastern coasts in the English Pilot of 
 1742 and later dates. 
 
 131. A. D. 1746. Northwest parts of Hudson 
 Bay. 
 
 An engraved map in The Probability of a North- 
 west passage, by Theodore Swat ne Drage, clerk of the 
 " California " (one of the ships), London, 1768, pur- 
 porting to record discoveries of Capt. Smith and 
 Capt. Moor in 1746-47. Drage accompanied Smith 
 and Moor on this voyage. 
 
 There is a chart of Hudson Bay and straits ac- 
 cording to the discoveries between 1610 and 1743 in 
 Drnge's Account of a Voyage for the Discoi'ery of a 
 North-west passage, London, 1748, vol. i., and in vol. 
 ii. the same map as that used by Kohl. 
 
 132. A. D. 1747. Wager's Bay by Ellis. 
 
 An inlet in the northwest part of Hudson's Bay, 
 mapped by Ellis, who accompanied Smith and 
 Moor. It was named on Middleton's voyage. 
 
 A. D. 1746-47. 
 
 A map of Hudson's Bay and adjacent parts in 
 the German edition of Henry Ellis's Reise nach 
 Hudson 's meerbuscn, Gottingen, 1750. This map is 
 not in the Harvard College copies of the English 
 and French editions. 
 
 133. A. D. 1748. Hudson's Bay by Ellis. 
 
 An engraved map in Henry Ellis's Voyage to Hud- 
 son's Bay, London, 1748, an account of the expedi- 
 tion of Francis Smith and Wm. Moor. The map 
 was re-engraved in the German edition, Gottingen, 
 1750; and in the French edition, Paris, 1749. It 
 shows the region from California to Greenland, and 
 north of Lake Erie. The expedition was fitted out 
 by London merchants, and after Parliament in 1743 
 had offered 20,000 for the discovery of a north- 
 west passage. Kohl remarks that the discoveries of 
 Hudson, Baffin, Fox, and James are not well delin- 
 eated by Ellis. 
 
 134. A. D. 1763. Hudson Bay by Belliu. 
 
 Without comment by Kohl. 
 
 135. A. D. 1774. Hudson's and Baffin's Bays by 
 
 Samuel Dun. 
 
 An engraved map, showing all the inlets of Hud- 
 son's Bay closed up at their interior extremities, in- 
 dicating the end of the belief in a westerly passage 
 being discovered through any of them. Baffin's Bay 
 is represented as a large oval, among some of whose 
 western passages (it is stated on the map) a passage 
 may yet be possible to the Pacific. " Christian Sea" 
 (King Christian's Sea) discovered by Munk in 1629, 
 is put in the northerly part of Baffin's instead of 
 Hudson's Bay. 
 
 A. D. 1774. 
 
 Map of the north Polar regions in the The Journal 
 of the Voyage by Phipfs and Lutwidge, London, 1774. 
 
 136. A. D. 1765. Greenland by Cranz. 
 
 An engraved map in David Cranz's Historie von 
 Gronland, 1766, and second edition, 1770; repeated 
 in the English translation, London, 1/67. 
 
 A. D. 1783. 
 
 Map of the Arctic regions in J. R. Forster's Voy- 
 ages and Discoveries made in the A T orth. 
 
 137. A. D. 1785. Hudson's Bay Country by 
 Pond. 
 
 A MS. map in the archives of the Hudson's Bay 
 company in London, inscribed : " Copy of a map 
 presented to the Congress by Peter Pond, a native of 
 Milford in the State of Connecticut. This extraor- 
 dinary man has resided seventeen years in those 
 countries, and from his own discoveries as well as 
 from the reports of the Indians, he assures himself 
 of having at last discovered a passage to the North 
 Sea. He is gone again to ascertain some important
 
 28 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 observations. New York, ist March, 1785, copied 
 by St. John de Crevecoeur for his Grace of La 
 Rochefoucault." Pond's various sojourns are indi- 
 cated, the most southern on St. Peter's (Missis- 
 sippi) River, 1774; the most northern near Lake 
 Athabaska, 1782-83. He puts down the great North- 
 ern Sea too far south by ten degrees. 
 
 138. A. D. 1789 and 1793. Discoveries of Alex- 
 
 ander Mackenzie. 
 
 Mackenzie started from Fort Chipewyan on the 
 Lake of the Hills, in June, 1789, and followed the 
 river now known by his name to near its junction 
 with the Northern Sea. In 1793 he followed the 
 Unjijah or Peace River to the Rocky Mountains, 
 thence to the Pacific. Mackenzie seems to have 
 used Arrowsmith's map and Vancouver's surveys, in 
 this map, which accompanies the books which he 
 published about his explorations. 
 
 139. A. D. 1790. Hudson's Bay Country by 
 
 Turner. 
 
 A MS. map in the archives of the Hudson Bay 
 company in London, inscribed : " Chart of lakes and 
 rivers in North America by Philipp Turner." Turner 
 was the surveyor of the company and made his prin- 
 cipal exploration in 1790-92, in company with Peter 
 Fiedler, his successor as surveyor ; and of this ex- 
 ploration Turner wrote an account preserved in the 
 company's archives, of which this map was an illus- 
 tration. Kohl calls it the oldest of the tolerably 
 correct surveys which we have between the Saskats- 
 chawan River and Slave Lake. The rivers whose 
 course is put down from Indian reports are marked 
 by two crosses. 
 
 140. A. D. 1799. Greenland and Baffin's Bay by 
 
 Laurie and Whittle. 
 
 An engraved chart published in London. It shows 
 the notions prevailing before Ross's explorations. 
 
 A. D. l8ll. 
 
 A map of the Arctic regions in E. A. W. von 
 Zimmermann's Die Erde und ihre Bewohner, Leipzig, 
 1811. 
 
 A. D. 1818. 
 
 A general map of the Arctic regions in Barring- 
 ton's Possibility of approaching the North Pole, Lon- 
 don, 1818. 
 
 A. D. 1818. 
 
 Map of the route of the ship " Alexander " in 
 Baffin's Bay, by W. E. Parry, in a Journal of a Voyage 
 of Disco-dery to the Arctic regions, 1818, published at 
 London [1819]. 
 
 A. D. 1818. 
 
 A facsimile of map of the Arctic regions in 1818, 
 with discoveries since that date inserted in red, given 
 in Hall's Second Arctic Expedition, Washington, 1879. 
 
 A. D. 1818-23. 
 
 Map of the discoveries by Ross, Parry, and Frank- 
 lin, in Franklin's Journey to the Shores of the Polar 
 Sea, London, 1823. 
 
 A. D. 1819-20. 
 
 Map of Arctic regions showing route of Parry's 
 ships, in his Journal of a Voyage for the Discovery 
 of a Northwest passage, London, 1821. 
 
 A. D. 1819-54. 
 
 Chart of discoveries in the Arctic Seas in Belcher's 
 Last of the Arctic Voyages, London, 1855. 
 
 A. D. 1820. 
 
 Arctic regions by Wm. Scoresby, jr., including 
 Ross's explorations, in An Account of the Arctic 
 Regions, by W. Scoresby, jr., London, 1820. 
 
 141. A. D. 1820. Hudson !s Bay Countries by 
 Harmon. 
 
 It shows the country from Hudson's Bay and 
 Lake Superior on the east to the Pacific on the 
 west. Harmon was an officer of the Hudson's Bay 
 Company who published this map in a journal of his 
 explorations. 
 
 A. D. 1821-23. 
 
 Map of Parry's second route, in his Journal of a 
 Voyage for the Discovery of a A T orthwest Passage, 
 London, 1824, with detailed maps in the same 
 volume. 
 
 Map of Greenland by Scoresby in a Journal of a 
 Voyage to the Northern Whale Fisheries, by W. 
 Scoresby, jr., Edinburgh, 1823, with a special chart 
 of surveys on the east coast. 
 
 142. A. D. 1823. Arctic Regions after Parry. 
 
 Parts north of Hudson's Bay. Kohl does not 
 comment on it. 
 
 143. A. D. 1824. East Greenland by Scoresby. 
 
 Without comment by Kohl. 
 
 A. D. 1824-25. 
 
 Map of Prince Regent's inlet drawn by Parry and 
 Head, in Parry's Third Voyage. 
 
 144. A. D. 1833. Proposed Route of Capt. Back. 
 
 See Royal Geographical Society's Journal, iii. 64. 
 
 145. A. D. 1833-34. Back's River. 
 
 See Royal Geographical Society's Journal, vol. vi. 
 (1836). It shows his exploration, beginning at the 
 Great Slave Lake, of the Great Fish River, never 
 before followed, when he started to relieve Capt. 
 Ross, then supposed to be confined in the ice, north- 
 west of Hudson's Bay. 
 
 146. A. D. 1834. Back River. 
 
 Another map of the same region, without comment 
 by Kohl. 
 
 147. A. D. 1836-37. Hudson's Strait. 
 
 It shows the track of the " Terror," following a map 
 in the Royal Geographical Society's Journal, vol. 
 vii., accompanying Capt. Back's report on the north- 
 eastern shore of Southampton Island, the closest 
 observation since Baffin's voyage in 1615.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 2 9 
 
 148. A. D. 1840. Peel River by Isbister. 
 
 In Royal Geographical Society's Journal, xv. 
 333, accompanying an account by A. K. Isbister, 
 of his explorations not only of Peel River, but also 
 of Red and other branches of the Mackenzie River, 
 flowing to the Arctic Sea. 
 
 A. D. 1845. 
 
 The Arctic regions as known in 1845, a copy 
 of the map supplied to the Franklin expedition, in 
 Hall's Second Arctic Expedition, Washington, 1879. 
 
 149. A. D. 1851. Arctic Coast explored by Dr. 
 
 Rea. 
 
 An engraved map extracted from the Royal Geog. 
 Society's Journal (1852), xxii. 73, where it is accom- 
 
 Eanied by two reports of explorations in search of 
 ir John Franklin. 
 
 A. D. 1850-51. 
 
 A map of Wellington Channel and Grinnell land 
 by Lt. De Haven and Capt. Penny, in Peter Force's 
 pamphlet on Grinnell land, 1852. 
 
 150. A. D. 1851-52. 
 
 Discoveries of Kennedy 
 and Bellot. 
 
 This shows the exploration of travelling parties 
 from the ship " Prince Albert," wintered at North 
 Somerset, on Prince Regent inlet, In search of Sir 
 John Franklin's party. It is copied from one in the 
 Royal Geog. Society's Journal, xxiii. (1853.) 
 
 151. A. D. 1852. Smith Sound by Inglefield. 
 
 Copied from a map in the Royal Geog. Society's 
 Journal, vol. xxiii., accompanying a report of Capt. 
 E. A. Inglefield, who was the first to examine the 
 sound forming the northern parts of Baffin's Bay, 
 Baffin himself having only seen its beginning in 
 1615. 
 
 A. D. 1861, etc. 
 
 North polar chart in Sir John Richardson's Polar 
 Regions ( 1861 ) ; maps of the " American Arctic Sea," 
 "Smith Sound" and "North Polar Regions" in C. 
 R. Markham's Threshold of the Unknown Region, 
 1873- 
 
 \* No attempt is made to enumerate the multitude of recent 
 maps of the Arctic regions.
 
 3 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 V. 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 **# The best enumeration of maps covering Canada which 
 has yet been printed is in Harrisse's Cabots and his Notes sur 
 la Nouvelie France. Cf. maps under sections II. and III.| 
 ante. 
 
 A. D. 1508. 
 
 Respecting the apocryphal map of Jehan Denys, 
 see Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. p. 36. 
 
 A. D. 1521. 
 
 Respecting the extremely doubtful map attributed 
 to Lazaro Luis, see Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, 
 iv. p. 37. 
 
 A. D. 1532. 
 
 The map in Ziegler's ScJwndia, etc., Strasburg, 
 1532 and 1536, shows vaguely the Bacallaos coast. 
 It is given in facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, vol. ii. 
 
 A. D. 1534. 
 
 A map by Caspar Viegas of Newfoundland and 
 the Gulf of St. Lawrence is depicted in Kohl's Dis- 
 covery of Maine, pi. xviii. 
 
 A. D. 1542. 
 
 Maps in Rotz's Idrography. 
 
 A. D. 1545- 
 
 The charts of Jean Allefonsce of the region of the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, which are sketched in the 
 Narrative and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. 74 et seq.; 
 some of which are also given in Weise's Discoveries 
 of America, 355, and in Murphy's Verrazzano. 
 
 A. D. 1545. 
 
 Carte des Cdtes Nord-est de fAmerique, in the 
 Musee Correr at Venice, noted by Harrisse, Notes 
 sur la Nouvelie France, no. 188. 
 
 152. A. D. 1546. 
 
 Canada and Labrador by 
 Juan Freire. 
 
 It shows the coast from 34 N. Lat. to 72 N. 
 Lat, and develops the Gulf and River St. Law- 
 rence. It is called : Carte dn Canada, Labrador, e. t., 
 tiree d'une Portulan Portugais de fannee 1546 dans 
 la possession de Monsieur le Vicomte \Santarem~\ de 
 Paris. Kohl considers that Spanish, Portuguese, 
 and French authorities were used. He assigns the 
 regions of the Cortereals esta. he a tera dos Cort- 
 Reais to the territory between what seems to be 
 Pcnobscot Bay and the St. Lawrence. The names 
 along the latter river are French, corrupted by Por- 
 tuguese ; and so on the eastern coast of Newfound- 
 land, whose western coast is not drawn. There are 
 various imaginary islands in the Atlantic. It is 
 sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. 
 p. 86. 
 
 153. A. D. 1546. Newfoundland by Freire. 
 
 Contained in a Portuguese portolano, of which 
 Libri published, says Kohl, in London a facsimile. 
 
 It is inscribed : Joham Freire a fez era de 546. It 
 shows the eastern coasts of Labrador and New- 
 foundland from Hudson's Straits south, the south- 
 western coast of Newfoundland, and the opposite 
 coast of Cape Breton. (Libri sale, Mar. 20, 1859, 
 
 154. A. D. 1547. East Coast of North America 
 
 by Nicolas Vallard, of Dieppe. 
 
 The coast is given from the end of Florida to the 
 Labrador shore, developing the Gulf and River St. 
 Lawrence. It is part of a MS. map in the Sir 
 Thomas Phillipps collection. The map is endorsed 
 Terre de Bacalos. The source of the delineation 
 south of Cape Breton is Spanish, and it shows no 
 trace of Verrazano. Kohl thinks that, for the region 
 north of Cape Breton, the map is based on the maps 
 of Alfonse and Cartier. He remarks on the half 
 Portuguese name of the St. Lawrence, Rio do 
 Canada. The G. lorens of the map is not the great 
 gulf, but a small bay opposite the north shore of 
 Anticosti. The eastern shore of Newfoundland has 
 a mixture of French and Portuguese names. On 
 Labrador they are mostly Portuguese. The name 
 of Vallard may signify ownership rather than mark 
 the maker. Cf. Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 
 p. 86, and for a sketch, p. 87. 
 
 155. A. D. 1 547. 
 
 A less perfect copy of the preceding. 
 
 156. A. D. 1548. Canada. 
 
 The coast from Greenland (apparently) to Nova 
 Scotia, with the Gulf and River St. Lawrence devel- 
 oped. Part of a mappemoncle which was communi- 
 cated to Kohl by Jomard, and thought, as Kohl says, 
 by the latter to have been made by order of Henri II. 
 A figure of Robeval among his soldiers is drawn on 
 the map. The northern parts of the Atlantic are 
 called Mer de France ; the more southerly, Mer 
 d'Espaigne. Newfoundland is a group of islands. 
 St. Laurens is a small bay, as in no. 1 54. The St. 
 Lawrence river is not named, but the Saguenay (R. 
 du Sagnay) is. Since Kohl's clay, R. H. Major has 
 deciphered an inscription which assigns its author- 
 ship to Pierre Desceliers in 1546. Jomard gives it 
 in facsimile ; it is sketched in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist, of America, iv. p. 85. 
 
 A. D. 1548. 
 
 Gastaldi's map, " Delia terra nova Bacalaos," in 
 the Italian Ptolemy of 1548. 
 
 157. A. D. 155-? Canada. 
 
 This represents North America as an island, of 
 which the St. Lawrence is a central basin. Some- 
 where on the coast of South Carolina a strait con- 
 nects the Atlantic with the Western Sea, which also 
 washes all the northern confines of the land. New- 
 foundland is divided by channels, as in the Ramusio 
 map of 1556, and the names on the Eastern shore 
 are Portuguese with French transformations. The 
 names on the lower portion of the Atlantic coast 
 are of Spanish origin. The Atlantic has the usual 
 sprinkling of imaginary islands. It is sketched in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 89. 
 
 158. A. D. 155-? 
 
 The same, less perfect.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 159. A. D. 1 556. La Nuo va Francia in Ramu- 
 
 sio. 
 
 A copy from the engraved map in Ramusio. 
 Kohl suspects that it may have been drawn after 
 Jehan Deny's lost map, and that Ramusio did not 
 have access to Cartier's charts. It is reproduced in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 91, and in 
 Weise's Discoveries of America, p. 356. 
 
 159 a. A. D. 1556. 
 
 Another copy of the same. The two maps of 
 Gastaldi in Ramusio, "Terra de Labrador et Nova 
 Francia " and " Terra de Hochelaga nella nova 
 Francia," are supposed to have been made in 1553- 
 Cf. Harrisse, Notes, nos. 292, 293. 
 
 160. A. D. i556(?) Newfoundland, etc. 
 
 It also shows Labrador and the coast of Maine, 
 and is taken from a portolano in the British Mu- 
 seum, and in its catalogue it is described as "on 
 vellum in the Spanish language, and executed in the 
 sixteenth century." The coast stretches from 45 
 to 64 north latitude. It resembles, so far as it 
 goes, no. 152, but it has no indication of the Gulf or 
 River St. Lawrence. It is sketched in the Nar. 
 and Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 87. 
 
 161. A. D.I 558. Canada and adj acent parts by 
 
 Diego Homem. 
 
 It shows the eastern coast of North America from 
 28 N. Lat. to 70. The Bay of Fundy is developed, 
 and the basin of the St. Lawrence is converted into 
 a northern ocean. The original is in a MS. atlas 
 by Homem in the British Museum. The names of 
 the St. Lawrence region are French, of the coast 
 south of the gulf Spanish, and north of it Portu- 
 guese. Cf. sketches in Kohl's Disc, of Maine, p. 377, 
 and Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 92. 
 
 162. A. D. 1558. 
 Another copy of no. 161. 
 
 163. A. D. 1562 and 1574. East Coast of North 
 
 America. 
 
 This gives the coast from 34 N. Lat. to 60. 
 Newfoundland is a cluster of islands. The St. Law- 
 rence is a network of small streams. The original 
 is an engraved map in the Ptolemies of 1562 and 
 1574, called "Tierra Nueva." It is based on the 
 Ramusio map of 1 556, and there are sketches of it 
 in Kohl's Disc, of Maine, p. 233 ; Lelewel's Geog. du 
 Moyen-Age, p. 170 ; and Nar. and Crit. Hist. Amer- 
 ica, iv. p. 92. 
 
 A. D. 1575. 
 
 A Portuguese map of about 1575 in the British 
 Museum, showing the coast from Cape Breton to 
 Labrador. 
 
 164. A. D. 1597. Nova Francia et Canada, by 
 
 Wytfliet. 
 
 It shows the Gulf and River St. Lawrence with 
 Labrador. The original is an engraved map in 
 Wytfliet's Continuation of Ptolemy, and is repro- 
 duced in facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. Amer- 
 ica, iv. p. 100. Cf. also Wytfliet's maps, showing 
 Labrador and Greenland, and Newfoundland and 
 the adjacent parts. See ante, no. 113. 
 
 The maps were repeated in the Douay edition of 
 1605, etc. 
 
 165. A. D. 1609. New France by Lescarbot. 
 
 It shows the coast from 40 N. Lat. to 54, with 
 the course of the St. Lawrence. It follows an en- 
 graved map in Lescarbot's Nouvelle France. The 
 entire map is reproduced in Faillon's Colonie Fran- 
 caise, i. p. 85, in Tross's reprint of Lescarbot, and 
 in the Popham Memorial. Parts of it are given in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 152, 304, 
 379; 
 
 See also the 1612 edition of Lescarbot. 
 
 A. D. 1612. 
 
 Champlain's map, which is reproduced in the 
 Boston and Quebec reprints of Champlain, and in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. pp. 380, 381. 
 
 A. D. 1613. 
 
 Champlain's map, which is reproduced in the 
 Boston and Quebec editions of his works ; and in 
 part in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. p. 
 383. The edition of 1613 had various smaller local 
 maps. 
 
 166. A. D. 1613. Canada and Norumbega by 
 
 J. Oliva. 
 
 Showing the coast from 42 N. Lat. to 68, with 
 the course of the St. Lawrence. The original is in 
 a MS. portolano in the British Museum, marked : 
 Joannes Oliva fecit in ciz'itate Marsilia; anno 1613. 
 Newfoundland, as Kohl remarks, is unusually well 
 drawn ; but the rest of the map is much behind the 
 best knowledge of the time. See ante, no. 90. 
 
 167. A. D. 1625. New England and New 
 
 France, from Purchas. 
 
 The main sources of this map appear to be Les- 
 carbot's map of New France and John Smith's map 
 of New England. The original appeared in Pur- 
 chas's Pilgrims, following one in Sir William Alex- 
 ander's Encouragement to Colonies (1624). It is 
 given in part in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 iii. ch. 9. 
 
 168. A. D. 1626. Newfoundland by Mason. 
 
 The original is an engraved map in The Golden 
 Fleece, by Orpheus, Junior, London, 1626. The 
 map is inscribed : " Newfoundland described by 
 Captaine John Mason, an industrious Gent., who 
 spent seven yeares in the Countrey." Cf. Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 379. 
 
 169. A. D. 1630. New France by De Laet. 
 
 It shows the coast from Cape Cod to Labrador, 
 and as far inland as Lake Champlain. The original 
 is an engraved map in De Laet's Nieuiae Wereldt. 
 The map is apparently based on the maps of Pur- 
 chas, Lescarbot, and Champlain. It was repeated 
 in the Latin (1633) and the French (1640) editions. 
 It is sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, 
 iv. p. 384, and in Cassell's United States, i. 240. 
 
 170. A. D. 1632. New France by Champlain. 
 
 This follows the engraved map in the edition of 
 1632. It is reproduced in the Quebec and Boston 
 editions of Champlain, in O'Callaghan's Doc. Hist, 
 of N. Y., vol. iii., and in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iv. pp. 386, 387.
 
 3 2 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 171. A. D. 1632. 
 
 An unfinished sketch of the same map. 
 
 172. A. D. circa 1640. Canada. 
 
 After a rough draft preserved in the Depot de la 
 Marine at Paris. Its chief peculiarity is in making 
 Lakes Superior and Huron flow into the St. Law- 
 rence through the Ottawa, with no passage for their 
 waters through Erie and Ontario. Lake Michigan 
 is not indicated. It is sketched in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 202. Is this the map 
 noted by Harrisse, Notes, etc., no. 197, which he 
 puts sub anno, 1665? 
 
 A. D. 1641 (?). 
 
 Riviere St. Laurent (Montreal to Tadoussac), 
 noted in Harrisse, Notes, etc., no. 191. 
 
 A. D. 1647. 
 
 The " Canida " map of Dudley's Arcana del Mare, 
 of which a sketch is given in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, iv. p. 388. 
 
 A. D. 1656. 
 
 Sanson's Le Canada, ou Notivelle France. It is 
 sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 
 391. Cf. Harrisse, Notes, etc., no. 327. 
 
 173. A. D. 1660. New Prance. 
 
 Inscribed Tabula Nova Francis anno 1660, and 
 the language of the map is Latin. It corresponds 
 in extent nearly to the Champlain map of 1632. 
 Kohl speaks of it as a map which he found in the 
 great Paris library ; but it is really the engraved 
 Du Creux or Creuxius map, which is given (in part) 
 in facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 
 p. 389. Cf. Harrisse, Notes, etc., no. 329. 
 
 A. D. 1662. 
 
 Map in Blaeu's Atlas, of which a sketch is given 
 in Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 391. It was 
 repeated by Blaeu in 1685. 
 
 A. D. 1663. 
 
 A map of the course of the St. Lawrence, of 
 which a sketch is given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, 
 of America, iv. p. 148. 
 
 A map in the ^Jesuit Relation of 1662-63, of which 
 a portion is given in facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist, of America, iv. p. 311. 
 
 174. A. D. 1666. Lakes Champlain and On- 
 
 tario. 
 
 It is called : " Carte des grands lacs Ontario et 
 [Champlain] et des pays traverses par M rei de Tracy 
 et Courcelles pour aller attaquer les Agniez, 1666." 
 The original is in the Depot de la Marine at Paris. 
 It gives the Hudson from Orange [Albany] upwards. 
 It is sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 iv. p. 312. Cf. Faillon, La Colonie Francaise, iii. 
 125, and Harrisse, Notes, etc., no. 332. 
 
 175. A. D. 1666. Lakes Ontario and Cham- 
 
 plain. 
 
 Copied from an engraved map in the Jesuit Re- 
 lation of 1664-65. See Nar, and Crih Hist. America, 
 iv. pp. 311, 312, 313. 
 
 A. D. 1666. 
 
 Le Canada ou la Nouvelle France : par Nicolas 
 Sanson, Paris, 1666. 
 
 The same, by Frederic de Witt. 
 
 Harrisse (Notes, etc. nos. 334, 335) says he bor- 
 rows these titles from P. Lelong's Bibliothtque 
 Historique, i. no. 1452, 1453. 
 
 A. D. 1668. 
 
 Carte du pays des cinq Nations Iroguoises Kente in 
 Faillon, La Colonie Francaise, iii. 196. 
 
 176. A. D. 1670. Lake Superior. 
 
 Copied from the map which appeared in the 
 Jesuit Relation of 1670-71. Facsimiles of this map 
 are given in Bancroft's United States, orig. ed., iii. p. 
 152; Whitney's Geol. Reft, of Lake Superior, Mo- 
 nette's Mississippi, vol. i., and Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iv. p. 313. Cf. Harrisse, Notes, etc., no. 
 34- 
 
 A. D. 1670. 
 
 Dollier and Gallinee's map of Lakes Ontario and 
 Huron, sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 iv. p. 203. Cf. Harrisse, Notes, no. 200. 
 
 An undated MS. map, also sketched in Ibidem, iv. 
 p. 206, shows the upper lakes and the upper Missis- 
 sippi. 
 
 A. D. 1670. 
 
 The Nwi Belgii Tabula in Ogilby's America, p. 
 169; reproduced in the Nar. and Crit. Hist America, 
 iv. p. 392. 
 
 A. D. 1671. 
 
 Lac Tracy ou Siiperieur, a MS. in the library of the 
 Depot de la Marine, at Paris, noted in Harrisse, 
 Notes, etc., no. 201. 
 
 A. D. 1673. 
 
 Carte de la nmivelle decouverte que les peres lesuites 
 ont fait en Vannee 1672, et continuee par le P. Jacques 
 Marqnette, a Ms. map belonging to the National 
 Library in Paris, which Harrisse says (Notes, etc., 
 202) cannot now be found. 
 
 A. D. 1673. 
 
 Carte des missions des PP. Jestiites sur le lac des 
 Illinois, in the Jesuit Relation, 1673-79, as published 
 in New York in 1860. 
 
 177. A. D. 1675. The Great Lakes and the 
 
 Upper Mississippi by Joliet. 
 
 The original is in the Depot de la Marine at 
 Paris, and has on it a letter addressed to Frontenac. 
 See Harrisse, Notes, etc., no. 203-204. 
 
 In the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. (p. 208), 
 is Joliet's earliest map (1673-74), with indications 
 of places where it can be found in facsimile; (pp. 
 212, 213) is what is known as Joliet's larger map of 
 1674; and (p. 214) his smaller map. In the same 
 book (p. 215) is another early map of the basin of 
 the Great Lakes from the Parkman Collection, and 
 (p. 218) a sketch of Joliet's "Carte Generale." Cf. 
 Ilarrisse, Notes, etc., nos. 214, 342, 343. As to the 
 genuine and spurious map of Marquette see Ibidem 
 (p. 220), and sketch. This last map is also in 
 Andreas's Chicago, i. 47.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 33 
 
 A. D. 1676. 
 
 Pascaerte van Terra nova, Nova Francia, Nienw 
 Engleland en de Groote Revier van Canda in Rogge- 
 veen's Tourbe Ardente, and in the English edition, 
 The Burning Fen. 
 
 178. A. D. 1677. Canada by Du Val. 
 
 This map is inscribed as follows : " Le Canada, 
 fait par le Sr. de Champlain ou sont la Nouvelle 
 France, Nou Anglet, Nou Holl, Nou Suede, Vir- 
 ginie, et autres terres nouvellement de'couvertes 
 suivant les memoires de T. du Val, Geogr. clu Roy, 
 Paris, 1677." Cf. Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, 
 iv. p. 388. Harrisse, Notes, etc. (no. 331), gives an 
 edition of 1664, as well as that of 1677 (no. 348). 
 
 A. D. 1679. 
 
 Map of Joliet's route from Tadoussac north, in 
 the Archives of the Marine in Paris. Harrisse, 
 Notes, etc., no. 207. 
 
 Various sectional maps, preserved in the library 
 of the Marine at Paris, are noted in Harrisse's 
 Notes, etc., nos. 209-213. 
 
 A. D. l68l. 
 
 A map (27 to 44 N. Lat.) in the library of the 
 Marine at Paris, made by Franquelin. Cf. Har- 
 risse, Notes, etc , no. 215, and others of Franquelin, 
 in nos. 216, 217, 218. 
 
 179. A. D. circa 1683. The Great Lakes and the 
 
 Upper Mississippi by Raffeix. 
 
 It is called : " Parties les plus occidentales du 
 Canada." It is sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iv. 233. Harrisse (Notes, no. 238) puts it 
 under the year 1688. 
 
 A. D. 1683. 
 
 Hennepin's Carte de la Nouvelle France in his 
 Description de la Loitisiane. There are facsimiles in 
 Shea's translation of that book ; in Winchell's Gcol. 
 Survey of Minnesota, pi. 6; and it is given in part in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 249. This 
 may be compared with Hennepin's Carte d'un tres 
 grand fays in the editions of his Nouvelle Deconverte 
 of 1697, 1698, 1704, 1711, etc., and of which a fac- 
 simile (in part) is given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iv. 251. Cf. also Breese's Early Hist, of 
 Illinois, p. 98 
 
 Hennepin's Carte d'un tres grand pais (1697, 1704, 
 etc., and with English names in the English edition) 
 is also in facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. Amer- 
 ica, iv. 252-253. Cf. Harrisse, Notes, etc., no. 219, 
 352- 
 
 A. D. 1684-1686. 
 
 Franquelin's great map of 1684, see ante, under 
 no. 100. and Harrisse's Notes, nos. 222, 223. The 
 map (1685) which Franquelin made of the St. Law- 
 rence, after material furnished by Joliet. Harrisse, 
 Notes, no. 229. Franquelin's maps (1686), noted 
 in Harrisse, nos. 231, 232, of one of which there is 
 a copy in the Parliamentary Library (Canada). See 
 its Catalogue, p. 1616. 
 
 A. D. 1685. 
 
 Pnrtie de la Nonvelle France par Hubert Jaillot. 
 Cf. Harrisse, Notes, etc., no. 354. 
 
 A. D. 1687. 
 
 Pierre Allmand's discoveries between Quebec and 
 Hudson's Bay, as given in the map preserved in the 
 Archives of the Marine. Harrisse, Notes, no. 233. 
 
 180. A. D. 1688. Ontario and Erie by Raffeix. 
 
 It is inscribed : " Le lac Ontario avec les lieux 
 circonvoisins et particulierement Les Cinq Nations 
 Iroquoises, 1688." The original is in the National 
 Library at Paris. It is sketched in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 234. Cf. Harrisse, Notes, 
 no. 237. 
 
 A. D. 1688. 
 
 Franquelin's map of the Upper Lakes and the 
 Upper Mississippi as given in Neill's Minnesota 
 (1882) ; Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. pp. 230, 
 231 ; and in Winchell's Ceo/. Survey of Minnesota, 
 Final Report, i. pi. 2. Cf. Harrisse, Notes, nos. 
 234, 240. 
 
 Coronelli and Tillemon's printed maps (1688) of 
 Partie occidental du Canada (sketched in Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 232), and Partie orientate, 
 Cf. Harrisse, Notes, etc., nos. 359, 361. 
 
 A. D. 1691. 
 
 Carte generalle de la Nouvelle France, etc. Cf. 
 Harrisse, Notes, etc., no. 364; also no. 367. 
 
 Niiova Francia e Luigiana, in // Genio vagante, 
 Parma, 1691. 
 
 A. D. 1692. 
 
 Franquelin's Nouvelle France. Cf. Harrisse, A T otes t 
 no. 248. 
 
 A. D. 1696. 
 
 Le Canada by H. Jaillot, showing the routes be- 
 tween the lakes and Hudson's Bay. 
 
 Le Cordier's Carte de la Baye de Canada, etc. Cf. 
 Harrisse, Notes, etc., no. 372. 
 
 A. D. 1699. 
 
 Franquelin's Partie de PAmerique Septentrianale 
 on est compris la Nouvelle France, preserved in the 
 library of the Marine, and noted in Harrisse, Notes t 
 no. 259. 
 
 A. D. 1703. 
 
 La Hontan's map of the great lakes in his A"ew 
 Voyages, London, 1703; redrawn in his Memoires 
 de rAmerique, vol. ii. ; and also in the editions 
 of 1709 and 1713. A facsimile of the 1703 map is 
 given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. p. 
 260. 
 
 A. D. 1709. 
 
 The Carte generate de Canada in the La Have ed. 
 (1709) of La Hontan, which was repeated in his 
 Memoires, (1741), vol. iii. It is given in sections in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iv. pp. 153, 
 258, 259. His map of the ''Riviere Longue," in the 
 Nouvcanx Voyages, (1709), vol. i. p. 136, is repro- 
 duced in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 
 261.
 
 34 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 VI. 
 
 EAST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 V* The enumeration of this section may be supplemented by 
 those in Sections II. and III. 
 
 A. D. 1500-1541. 
 
 The delineations of the east coast begin with La 
 Cosa's map (1500), and may be traced through the 
 maps of Cantino (1502), Ruysch( 1508), the Nordens- 
 kiold gores (15 ?), Stobnicza (1512), the Admi- 
 ral's map (1513), the Schoner globes (1515, 1520), 
 Reisch (1515), the Tross gores (1514-19?), the map 
 of Apian (1520), Ptolemy (1522), Maiollo (1527), 
 Verrazano (1529), Frisius (1525), Monk Franciscus 
 (1526), Thome (1527), the Spanish official maps 
 (1527-1529), the map of the Sloane MS. (1530), 
 globe of Finaeus (1531), the Lenox woodcut (1534), 
 the map of Agnese (1536), the Charles V. portulano 
 0539). the Nancy globe (1540?) the map of Minister 
 in the Ptolemy of 1540, the Mercator gores of 
 1541, etc. 
 
 These are but typical specimens to show the con- 
 stancy or variations of types among the cartog- 
 raphers of the time, and they have all been described 
 on earlier pages. 
 
 A reconstruction of the Chaves map of 1536 (now 
 lost) is attempted by De Costa in the N. E. Hist. 
 Geneal. Reg. April, 1885. 
 
 181. A. D. 1542. From Cape Breton to Florida, 
 by Rotz. 
 
 From Rotz's Boke of Idrography, preserved in the 
 British Museum. The Spanish names on the coast 
 are corrupted. Across the Gulf of Maine is the 
 legend, " The new fonde Londe quhaz men goeth a 
 fisching." Kohl thinks it perhaps the earliest map 
 in which buffaloes are depicted in the inner parts of 
 the Continent. Cf. Catalogue of MSS. in the British 
 Museum (1844), i. p. 23. The present is no. 17 of 
 the atlas. Malte Brim, Hist, de la Geog. ed. by 
 Huot, i. 631 ; Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 
 82, and for outlines of parts of Rotz's maps, p. 83. 
 See ante under no. 55. 
 
 A. D. 1542. 
 
 The Ulpius globe. See ante under no. 55, and 
 in Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 42. 
 
 A. D. 1543. 
 
 The map of Baptista Agnese. See under no. 56, 
 ante. 
 
 A. D. 1544. 
 
 The Cabot mappemonde. See under no. 56, ante. 
 The eastern coast is given in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, iii. 22. 
 
 The sketch maps of the northeastern coasts, by 
 Allefonsce, are delineated in the A T ar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, iv. pp. 74-77. 
 
 A. D. 1545. 
 
 Minister's map, which was re-engraved in the 
 Ptolemy of 1552. It is sketched in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Ilist. America, iv. 84. 
 
 A. D. 1545. 
 
 The map in Medina's Arte de navegar, which is 
 reproduced in the Narrative and Crit. Hist. America, 
 vol. viii. 
 
 A. D. 1546. 
 
 The so-called Henri II. map, of which the east 
 coast is sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 iii. 195, and the map of Johannes Freire, of which 
 sketches are given in Ibid. iv. pp. 85, 86. Cf. in 
 this history, iv. pp. 81-102, a section on " The Car- 
 tography of the northeast coast of North America, 
 1535-1600." 
 
 A. D. 1547. 
 
 The Nicolas Vallard map, of which a portion is 
 given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 87. 
 
 A. D. 1548. 
 
 The maps in the Ptolemy of 1548. See ante, 
 under no. 58. The "Carta marina" is given in 
 facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, 
 vol. viii. 
 
 A. D. 1550. 
 
 Gastaldi's map in Ramusio, put about this date. 
 There are facsimiles in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iv. 91, and in Weise's Discoveries of Amer- 
 ica, p. 356. 
 
 See the maps belonging to the Riccardi palace, 
 referred to ante, no. 93. The Studi biog. e bibliog. 
 soc. Ital. geog. ii. 451, 452, mentions Portuguese at- 
 lases of the middle of this century preserved in the 
 Bibliotheca Riccardiana, and in the Royal Library 
 at Florence, which contain charts of the east coast 
 of North America. 
 
 A. D. 155-. 
 
 A MS. map which belonged to Jomard, a sketch 
 of which is given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, of 
 America, iv. 88. 
 
 182. A. D. i55-(?) From the Mississippi (?) 
 
 River to 45 N. 
 
 A river " Rio de Flores " is apparently the Missis- 
 sippi. The country is called " Terra del licencia 
 dos Aulloh," thought by Kohl to be a corruption 
 of Ayllon's name, of whose explorations the map is 
 probably a record. It is from a MS. atlas (1556- 
 1566) in the British Museum. A man, like a China- 
 man, and an elephant are depicted in the interior. 
 
 183. A. D. i55-(?). From Nova Scotia to Texas. 
 
 From a MS. atlas in the Douce collection in the 
 Bodleian library. Texas is called " Topira." The 
 country north of the Gulf of Mexico is called "Gali- 
 guza." The general name of the continent is " I 1 lor- 
 ida." A lion asleep is depicted in the interior. 
 
 A. D. I55~(?) 
 
 A map of Martines in an atlas in the British 
 Museum, ascribed to Martines. It is sketched in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hut. America, ii. p. 450. See 
 ante, no. 63.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 35 
 
 A. D. 1554. 
 
 The Bellero map (see ante, no. 64), of which a 
 facsimile is given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. Amer- 
 ica, vol. viii. 
 
 Baptista Agnese's atlas of 1554 also shows the 
 east coast in several maps. 
 
 A. D. 1556. 
 
 The map of the two Americas in Ramusio shows 
 the east coast of North America. It is in facsimile 
 in the Nar. and Crit, Hist. America, ii. 228. Cf. 
 ante, no. 66. 
 
 The map of Vopellio mentioned under no. 66, 
 ante. There is a facsimile of it in the Nar, and Crit. 
 Hist. America, ii. p. 436. 
 
 A. D. 1558- 
 
 In the atlas of Diego Homem in the British 
 Museum. There is a sketch in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, iv. 92, and in H. H. Bancroft's North- 
 west Coast, i. 50. See ante, no. 67. 
 
 A. D. 1561. 
 
 Ruscelli's "Tierra Nueva " in the Ptolemy of 
 1561. See ante, under no. 69, and a sketch and 
 references in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 92. 
 
 184. A. D. 1562. From Cape Breton to Flor- 
 
 ida, by D. Guitierrez. 
 
 From an engraved map, America sive quart<z orbis 
 partis nova et exactissima descriptio. Aitctore Diego 
 Gntierro, Philippi regis Hisp. cosmographo. Hieron. 
 Cock excud. 1562. If the "Ba. de S. Maria" is our 
 Chesapeake, the " R. Salado" (Salt river) and "R. 
 de S. Spirito" are relics of early Spanish visits to 
 the Potomac region. The coast further north is as 
 confused in outline and names, as usual, for this 
 period. 
 
 185. A. D. 1565. Florida, etc., by Lemoyne. 
 
 This extends from the South Carolina to the 
 Alabama coast, and the original is an engraved map 
 in the Brevis Narratio, describing Laudonniere's 
 expedition, as published in 1591 by De Bry. The 
 Spanish names on the Carolina coast indicate that 
 Lemoyne used Spanish drafts of that coast. A 
 trace of the sea of Verrazano is seen at the north. 
 
 The map is reproduced in Gaffarel's Floride Fran- 
 faise, in Shipp's De Soto and Florida, and in part in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. 274. 
 
 A. D. 1566. 
 
 The map of Nicholas des Liens in the Bibliotheque 
 Nationale at Paris. It shows the coast from La- 
 brador to Venezuela. It is sketched in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, iv. 79. 
 
 A. D. 1566. 
 
 Zaltieri's map. See ante, under no. 69. There is 
 a facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 ii. p. 451. 
 
 A. D. 1568. 
 
 The map of Diegus in the Royal Library at Dres- 
 den shows the east coast. 
 
 A. D. 1569. 
 
 The great Mercator map. The east coast is shown 
 in the sketch in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 iv. 94 (also in ii. p. 452) ; and in a facsimile, Ibid. iv. 
 p. 373, and also in Weise's Discoveries of America, 
 p. 360, and in his Hist, of Albany, p. 4. See ante, 
 under no. 71. 
 
 A. D. 1570. 
 
 Ortelius's map of America. A sketch of the east 
 coast is given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 iv. 95. Cf. ante, no. 72. The map was repeated in 
 later editions, 1575, 1584; re-engraved, 1587, etc. 
 
 A. D. 1572. 
 
 Porcacchi's map, of which the east coast is shown 
 in the sketch given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iv. 96. Cf. ante, under no. 72. Repeated 
 in 1576, etc. 
 
 A. D. 1573. 
 
 A Spanish mappemonde, given by Lelewel, i. pi. 
 7, shows the east coast. 
 
 A. D. 1574. 
 
 Two maps of this date in Theatri Orbis terrarum. 
 enchiridion (1585) of Philippus Gallasus "per Hugo- 
 nem Favolium illustratum," show the east coast. 
 
 186. A. D. 1578. From Florida to 45 N., by 
 
 Martines. 
 
 From a MS. atlas (no. 15) in the British Museum. 
 Kohl remarks on its inferiority to Ribero's map 
 (1529), and says that the Spanish maps degenerated 
 for a long time after Ribero. The country is called 
 " La Florida." See sketch in Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, ii. 229. 
 
 187. A. D. 1578. East Coast by Martinea. 
 
 A very inaccurate sketch of the coast from Labra- 
 dor to the Gulf of Mexico, in which the peninsula 
 of Florida and the gulf of St. Lawrence are only 
 recognizable. The original belongs to a MS. atlas 
 by Joan Martines in the British Museum. The main 
 is called " Nova Spagna." The St. Lawrence river 
 and the Hudson seem to unite and form a channel, 
 making New England an island. There is a sketch 
 of it in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 97. 
 
 188. A. D. 1578. The same. 
 
 A rough sketch. 
 
 A. D. 1580. 
 
 The map of John Dee, in the British Museum. 
 Cf. ante, no. 96. 
 
 A. D. 1582. 
 
 Lok's map, which appeared in Hakluyt's Dirers 
 Voyages, and is reproduced in Winter Jones's edition 
 of that book, and in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 iii. 40 and iv. 44, and in Weise's Discweries of Amer- 
 ica, p. 7. 
 
 The map of the Mercator type in Popelhniere s 
 Trot's mondcs shows the east coast.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. 1585. 
 
 John White's map of the coast from the Chesa- 
 peake to the gulf of Mexico, preserved among the 
 De Bry drawings in the British Museum, and first 
 engraved for Dr. Edward Eggleston's paper in the 
 Century Magazine, November, 1882. A sketch of it 
 is given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist, America, iv. 45. 
 
 A. D. 1587. 
 
 The map in Hakluyt's edition of Peter Martyr. 
 Cf. ante, under no. 79. 
 
 The map (1587) in Johannes Myritius' Opusculum 
 Geographicum, Ingolstadt, 1590. 
 
 189. A. D. 1590. Old Virginia by John White. 
 
 This shows Chesapeake bay and the North Caro- 
 lina coast. This is the map by De Bry attached to 
 the Admiranda Narratio, descriptive of the experi- 
 ences of Raleigh's company in 1585. The map is 
 inscribed, "autore Joanne With ; sculptore Theodoro 
 De Bry." Kohl believes With to be the same as 
 Gov. White of that colony. Parts of the map are 
 supposed to have been drawn from Ralph Lane's 
 notes. There is a heliotype of it in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, iii. 124. Other facsimiles are 
 given in the histories of North Carolina by Hawks 
 and by Wheeler, and in Gay's Popular Hist, of the 
 United States, i. 243. 
 
 The " Quid Virginia," in Smith's Generall His- 
 torie closely resembles this map, adding however 
 the entrance to the Chesapeake at the north. 
 
 190. A. D. 1 590. The same. 
 A rough sketch. 
 
 191. A. D. 1590. Roanoke Island and Albe- 
 
 marle Sound, by White. 
 
 The original of this is in the engraved series of 
 White's drawings, published by De Bry. It is 
 marked " The arrival of the Englishmen in Virginia " 
 [1584]. See/tfrf, no. 202. 
 
 192. A. D. 1580. East Coast by F. Simon. 
 
 From Cape Breton to the Carolina coast. A 
 sketch without annotation by Kohl. 
 
 193. A. D. 1592. East Coast from Molineaux's 
 
 Globe. 
 
 From Florida to the St. Lawrence. The original 
 globe is in the Middle Temple, London. Kohl calls 
 it a curious mixture of Spanish and English sources. 
 About Nova Scotia there are traces of a Portuguese 
 nomenclature. Cf. sketch in Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iii. 213. 
 
 A. D. 1592. 
 
 Hood's map, reproduced in Kunstmann's Atlas, 
 and the east coast sketched in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, iii. 197, with references, p. 196. 
 
 A. D. 1593. 
 
 The map in the Speculum Orbis Tcrrarum of 
 Cornelius de Juda;is. It is sketched in the Nar. 
 and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 97. 
 
 The map of the Mercator type in Maffeius's His- 
 toriarum IiuHcarum libri XVI. 
 
 A.D. 1594. 
 
 The map (1594) of Plancius in the Amsterdam 
 edition of Linschoten, 1596. It was re-engraved in 
 the Latin Linschoten (Hague, 1599). 
 
 A. D. 1596. 
 
 De Bry's map. It is sketched in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, iv. 99. 
 
 194. A. D. 1597. East Coast by Wytfliet. 
 
 From Cape Breton to South Carolina. The 
 original is an engraved map in Wytfiiet's Descrip- 
 tionis PtolemaiciE Augmentum, published in 1597. 
 Kohl thinks it shows the earliest attempt at tracing 
 the Alleghany Mountains. The parts of the coast 
 above North Carolina are difficult to identify be- 
 yond a question. 
 
 Wytfliet's map of the coast of New Brunswick 
 and Labrador is given in facsimile in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, iv. 100, and of Florida and 
 Carolina coasts in Ibid. ii. 281, and his map of 
 America, in Ibid. ii. p. 459. 
 
 A. D. 1597. 
 
 The maps in the Ptolemies of this year (nos. 2, 29, 
 34, 35), published at Arnheim and Cologne, being 
 the same edition. 
 
 A. r>. 1598. 
 
 The maps in the Basle edition of Minister's Cosmo- 
 graphia, and in the English (Wolfe's) edition of 
 Linschoten. 
 
 A. D. 1600. 
 
 The map of Quadus. See ante, no. 99. 
 
 The map of Molineaux, which was reproduced by 
 the Hakluyt Society in 1880, and of which a sketch 
 of the east coast can be found in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, iii. 216, iv. 377. 
 
 The map in Metullus's America, based on Wyt- 
 fliet. 
 
 The map by Jodocus Hondius of about this time, 
 which is reproduced in the Hakluyt Society's edition 
 of Drake's World Encompassed. 
 
 A. D. 1601. 
 
 The map in Herrera's Descripcion de las Indias. 
 
 A. D. 1603. 
 
 A map by Botero in his Relaciones, of which a 
 sketch of a part of the east coast is given in the 
 Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 378. 
 
 A. D. 1606. 
 
 The map in Cespedes* Regimiento de Navigacion 
 (Madrid, 1606). 
 
 195. A. D. 1606. Champlain's Map of Chatham 
 
 Harbor, Cape Cod. 
 
 This is taken from the 1613 edition of Champlain; 
 and is reproduced in the Quebec and Boston editions 
 of Champlain. 
 
 196. A. D. 1606. Champlain's Map of Glouces- 
 
 ter Harbor, Cape Ann. 
 
 This is taken from the 1613 edition of Champlain; 
 and is reproduced in the Boston and Quebec editions 
 of Champlain.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 37 
 
 197. A. D. 1606. Champlain's Map of St. Croix 
 
 Island. 
 
 This is taken from the 1613 edition of Champlain. 
 It is reproduced in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 iv. 137, as well as in the Boston and Quebec editions 
 of Champlain. 
 
 A. D. 1606. 
 
 Champlain's map of the harbor of Plymouth, 
 Mass. It is reproduced from the 1613 edition, in 
 the Quebec and Boston editions of Champlain, in 
 the Afnif. of Amer, History, in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, iv. 109, and in W. T. Davis's Anc. 
 Landmarks of Plymouth, 35. 
 
 A. D. 1609. 
 
 Lescavbot's map. Cf. ante, no. 165, and facsimile 
 in Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 152, with another 
 in the Memorial Hist, of Boston, i. p. 49. The same 
 map reappeared in the editions of Lescarbot in 1611 
 and 1612, and in the English edition, called Nova 
 Francia, in 1609. There are other facsimiles of the 
 map in Tross's reprint of Lescarbot, in Faillon's 
 Colonie Fnvtfaise, i. 85, and in the Popham Me- 
 morial. 
 
 Also his map of Annapolis Basin, Nova Scotia, 
 reproduced in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 
 140, together with Champlain's (p. 141) of the same. 
 
 A. D. 1610. 
 
 A rude map of the coast of New England and 
 Acadia in the Poore Collection of French Docu- 
 ments in the State House, Boston ; sketched in the 
 Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 143. 
 
 A. D. 1612-13. 
 
 The coasts of Labrador, Acadia, and New Eng- 
 land are shown in Champlain's two general maps of 
 1612 and 1613, which, beside being reproduced in 
 the Boston and Quebec editions of his Works and 
 QLuvrcs, are given also in facsimile, with references, 
 in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. pp. 380, 381, 
 382. 
 
 A. D. 1613. 
 
 The map in connection with De Quir's narrative 
 in the Detectionis Freti, etc. Amsterdam, 1613. 
 
 The map of the new world in the Hondius-Mer- 
 cator Atlas of 1613, and the special maps of Virginia 
 and Florida. 
 
 The western hemisphere by Michael Mercator in 
 the same. 
 
 The map of Johannes Oliva in the British Museum. 
 
 198. A. D. 1614. John Smith's New England. 
 
 Kohl followed the map in the Generall History, 
 1632. The map first appeared in his Description of 
 New England (London, 1616). The same plate, 
 successively changed or added to was used in later 
 issues associated with Smith's name, and a collation 
 of the map in all these issues shows that copies of 
 it exist in at least ten different states of the plate. 
 These are all indicated in the Memorial Hist, of 
 Boston, i. p. 52, whence the detailed statement in 
 Arber's edition of Smith is copied. The map was 
 copied by Ilulsius in 1617, was used several times 
 by him, and one state or another of Smith's plate 
 has been repeatedly reproduced in later days, as 
 described in the Mem. Hist. Boston, to whose enu- 
 meration may be added the facsimile in the volumes of 
 
 The English Scholars 1 Library, edited by Edward 
 Arber (London, 1884), entitled Capt. John Smith : 
 Works; and the map called Nouvelle Angleterre 
 exactement decrite par le Capitaine Jean Smith dans 
 les deux voyages faits en 161%. et 1G15, published at 
 Leyden in 1780. 
 
 199. A. D. 1616. New Netherland. 
 
 This shows the coast from below Chesapeake Bay 
 to beyond the Penobscot, and is the so-called " Fig- 
 urative map," discovered in Holland by BrodheaJ. 
 Portions of this map are shown in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist, of America, iv. 433 ; Cassell's United 
 States, i. 247 ; Mem. Hist, boston, i. p. 57. The 
 whole map is given in Doc. relative to the Colonial Hist, 
 of N. Y. i. 13, and in O'Callaghan's New Nether- 
 land. See the section on early maps of New Eng- 
 land in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iii. p. 381. 
 
 200. A. D. 1618. Lescarbot's Florida. 
 
 From upper Florida to Port Royal. Taken from 
 the plate in the 1618 edition of his Nouvelle France. 
 Kohl says some of his errors respecting the region 
 about St. Augustine were copied by De Laet (see 
 post, no. 203). The "Riviere de May" is made to 
 flow to the sea from a " Grand lac " in the interior. 
 Lescarbot professes to have marked not a thirtieth 
 part of the Indian villages, while he names those 
 which he gives after their chiefs. 
 
 201. A. D. 1621. A. Jacobsz' Americee Septen- 
 
 trionalis pars. 
 
 This is the engraved facsimile of a printed map in 
 Dr. E. B. O'Callaghan's Documents relating to the 
 Colonial History of New York, given as "from the 
 West-Indische Paskaert, beschreven door A. lacobsz 
 [1621]," published at Amsterdam. It shows the 
 coast from Labrador to the island of Trinidad, with 
 the Central American coast on the Pacific side. 
 
 There is a sketch of a part of the east coast in the 
 Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 383, and facsimiles 
 are in Valentine's New York City Manual, 1858, and 
 in the Penn. Archives, 2d ser. vol. v. 
 
 202. A. D. 1622. Roanoke by Strachey. 
 
 Though thus marked differently, this is the same 
 map as no. 191. 
 
 A. D. 1622. 
 
 The maps of the two Americas in Kasper von 
 Baerle's edition of Ilerrera. 
 
 A. D. 1624. 
 
 The map of the New England and Nova Scotia 
 coasts, which appeared in Alexander's Encourage- 
 ment to Colonies, was reproduced in Purchas's Pil- 
 grims, iv. p. 1872, and is given in facsimile in the 
 Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, iii. 306. 
 
 203. A. D. 1625. Florida by De Laet. 
 
 This is from the original edition of De Laet in 
 1625, and includes the country from Virginia to the 
 Mississippi. It was repeated in later editions, and 
 is called " Florida et regiones vicinas." The inland 
 geography is based on De Soto's journey. The 
 Mississippi is a bay, "Bahia,clel Spiritu Santo," fed 
 by many streams. For Florida (peninsula) he seems 
 to have depended on the accounts of Menendez, and 
 for South Carolina on Lescarbot (see ante, no. 200). 
 An interior lake (Lacus Magnus) may have grown
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 from some rumor, Kohl thinks, of Lake Erie, but it 
 was in the Lescarbot's map in 1618. A facsimile of 
 the North Carolina coast is given in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, iii. p. 125. 
 
 A. D. 1625. 
 
 Brigg's map in Purchas's Pilgrims, iii. See ante, 
 no. 167. 
 
 The map of Virginia and Florida in Ibid. iii. 869 
 (after Hondius). 
 
 A. D. 1626. 
 
 The map of this date in Speed's Prospect, London, 
 1676. 
 
 204. A. D. 1630. From Carolina to Nova Sco- 
 tia by De Laet. 
 
 This is the " Nova Anglia, Novum Belgium et 
 Virginia " of De Laet's Novus Orbis of 1630. It 
 seems to combine the results of the French, Dutch, 
 and English explorations, and names in the corre- 
 sponding languages appear along the coast. The 
 Delaware rises in a large lake, which Kohl thinks 
 may have been intended for Lake Ontario. The 
 " Grand Lac " at the north would indicate some 
 knowledge of Champlain's discoveries. Smith's 
 map of Chesapeake bay and White's map of Vir- 
 ginia are followed in part. Portions are given in 
 facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iii. 
 125, iv. 436. Cf. sketch of De Laet's " Nova Francia 
 et regiones adjacentes," in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iv. 384. 
 
 A. D. 1632. 
 
 Champlain's great map. 
 
 See ante, no. 170. 
 
 205. A. D. 1634. William Wood's New Eng- 
 
 land. 
 
 It shows the coast from York (Me.), to Narragan- 
 sett Bay. This is the " South Part of New England 
 as it is planted this yeare, 1634," belonging to 
 Wood's New England's Prospect, London, 1634. 
 
 There are facsimiles in the Mem. Hist. Boston, 
 i. p. 524 ; Palfrey's New England, i. p. 360 ; Young's 
 Chronicles of Mass. 389, and separately reproduced 
 by Wm. B. Fowle in 1846. 
 
 A. D. 1634. 
 
 A MS. map of the Massachusetts Bay Colony of 
 about this year, made apparently by Gov. Winthrop, 
 found among the Sloane MSS. in the British Mu- 
 seum in 1884 by Henry F. Waters. A full size 
 photographic facsimile was made for the Boston 
 Public Library ; a smaller, but less defective one, 
 was made for the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 vol. iii. 
 
 206. A. D. 1635. Maryland. 
 
 This is the " Nova TerravMariee tabula " which 
 appeared in The Relation of Maryland, London, 
 1635. Smith's map is followed in the main for 
 Chesapeake bay, with some details omitted, and 
 others added. The names on the Potomac are 
 those given by Lord Baltimore's colony, not by 
 Smith. Cf. reproduction in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iii. 525. It was followed in Ogilby's Amer- 
 ica (London, 1671). See/0-tf, under 1670-73. 
 
 A. D. 1635. 
 
 The map " Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova " in the 
 Nieuwe Atlas of Blaeu, Amsterdam, 1635, which was 
 largely followed by Dudley. 
 
 The map " Partie meridionale de la Virginie et de 
 Floride," published by Vander Aa. 
 
 A. D. 1636. 
 
 The maps in the English edition of the Mercator- 
 Hondius Atlas, translated by Henry Hexham, and 
 printed at Amsterdam in 1636. Beside the general 
 maps in vols. i. and ii., there are in vol. ii. special 
 maps of Virginia, apparently following Smith ; of 
 the coast from the Chesapeake to Texas ; while the 
 map " Nova Anglia, Novum Belgium et Virginia " 
 shows the coast from Nova Scotia to Carolina. The 
 New England part is a mixture of Smith's draft and 
 the Dutch maps. The Delaware rises in a large 
 lake, which is connected by another stream with the 
 Hudson. 
 
 207. A. D. 1638. New England, New Nether- 
 land, and Virginia by J. Jansson. 
 
 This closely resembles no. 204, and covers the 
 same territory. 
 
 A. D. 1646. 
 
 Maps by Petrus Kaerius, dated 1646, in Speed's 
 Prospect, London, 1668. See/orf, under 1651. 
 
 A. D. 1646. 
 
 Dudley's maps of the east coast in his Arcano del 
 Mare are sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. Amer- 
 ica, iii. 303, iv. 385. One of them was re-engraved 
 in the Documentary Hist, of N. Y. 
 
 His Arcano contains the following special charts : 
 
 1. Gulf of St. Lawrence and adjacent parts (see 
 ante, under no. 172). 
 
 2. The coast from Monhegan to Cape May. 
 
 3. The coast from Cape May to Florida. 
 
 4. Chesapeake Bay and the North Carolina sounds. 
 
 A. D. 1650. 
 
 A map of the New England coast, of which a 
 drawing is in the Mass. Archives, Docs. Collected in 
 France, ii. 61, and a sketch in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist, of America, iii. 382. 
 
 A. D. 1651. 
 
 Map of this date in Speed's Prospect, London, 
 1676. See ante, under 1646. 
 
 A. D. 1651. 
 
 Visscher's map of Delaware Bay, in Campanius, 
 which is reproduced in Egle's Pennsylvania, 43, and 
 in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 467. 
 
 A. D. 1651. 
 
 The curiously distorted Mapp of Virginia, show- 
 ing the coast from New England to North Carolina, 
 by " Domina Virginia Farrer," published in London 
 1651, and reproduced in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iii. 465. Cf. Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc. xx. 102. 
 
 A. D. 1651. 
 
 Map of the Chesapeake based on John Smith's, in 
 Atlas Minor published by Jannson at Amsterdam, 
 vol. ii. p. 389.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 39 
 
 A. D. 1652. 
 
 The general maps of America by C. F. Visscher 
 (autore N. I. Piscator), with the special map of New 
 Netherland, which is reproduced by Asher. Cf. 
 maps under no. 100, ante, 
 
 208. A. D. 1654. Lindstrom's New Sweden. 
 
 This is a map of the Delaware River and Bay, made 
 by a Swedish engineer. It is given in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, iv. 481 ; Noiw. Annales des 
 Voyages, Mars, 1843; Penna. Hist. Soc. Memoirs, iii. ; 
 Gay's Pop. Hist. United States, ii. 154. 
 
 The MS. map of Lindstrom was on a much larger 
 scale, and this has been engraved in Reynold's 
 edition of Acrelius. 
 
 A. D. 1654. 
 
 A Pascaert published at Amsterdam has these 
 maps of the coast : 
 
 No. 13. From Labrador to the Chesapeake. 
 No. 14. From Delaware Bay to Trinidad. 
 No. 15. From Nova Scotia to Carolina. 
 
 209. A. D. 1656. Vanderdonck's New Nether- 
 
 land. 
 
 From the Delaware to beyond the Connecticut, 
 with the valley of the Hudson. It accompanied 
 Adrian Vanderdonck's Beschrijvinge van Nieuw Ne- 
 delant, Amsterdam, 1656, and there is a heliotype of 
 it in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 438, and 
 facsimiles are in various other places there enumer- 
 ated, as well as in Weise's Hist, of Albany, 47. 
 
 210. A. D. 1656. Sanson's Canada. 
 
 Shows the coast from Labrador to the Chesa- 
 peake. This is a preliminary sketch. Cf. ante, 
 under no. 172. It is partly sketched in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, iii. 456; iv. 391. 
 
 A. D. 1659. 
 
 Map in Petavius's (Petau's) History of the World. 
 
 The coast charts in Doncker's Zee-Atlas, repeated 
 in later editions. 
 
 Tl'e " Novi Belgii, novagque Angliae necnon Partis 
 Virginise tabulae " of N. L. Visscher, published at 
 Amsterdam, 1659. 
 
 A. D. 1660. 
 
 The map in Creuxius's Historia Canademis shows 
 the east coast. See ante, no. 173. This map is 
 given in facsimile in Shea's Mississippi, p. 50, in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 389, and in 
 Martin's transl. of Bressani's Relation. 
 
 A. D. 1661. 
 
 The " Pascaerte van Nieu Nederland " in Van 
 Loon's Atlas (no. 46), and the coast north of Boston 
 in no. 45. 
 
 A. D. 1662. 
 
 A map of the Carolina coast, as explored by Wil- 
 liam Hilton and drafted by William Shapley. A 
 facsimile of the original in the British Museum is 
 given in the Mass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings, December, 
 1883, p. 402, and a sketch in the Nar. 'and Crit. Hist. 
 America, vol. v. 
 
 A\ D. 1662. 
 
 Map of the New England and New Netherland 
 coast in the Blaeu Atlas, in the volume called Ame- 
 rica, pars quinta. It was repeated in the edition of 
 1685. There is a sketch in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iv. 391. 
 
 A. D. 1663. 
 
 The map of the new world of this date used in 
 Heylin's Cosmographie, 1666, 1674, l ^>77- 
 
 A. D. 1663. 
 
 A MS. map of the coast of Acadia, of which a 
 copy is preserved in the Poore collection in the 
 Mass. Archives, and is sketched in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, iv. 148. 
 
 A. D. 1666. 
 
 A map of " De Noord Rivier " published at Mid- 
 dleburgh, and also in Goos's Zee- Atlas, shows the 
 coast about New York harbor. It is reproduced in 
 the Lenox edition of the Vertoogh and Breeden Raedt 
 and in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 440. 
 
 A. D. 1666. 
 
 A map of the Carolina coast appended to A brief 
 Description of the Province of Carolina, London, 
 1666. The map is reproduced in Hawks's North 
 Carolina, and in Gay's Pop. Hist. United States, ii. 
 
 285. 
 
 A. D. 1669. 
 
 The map "Amerique Septentrionale " of G. San- 
 son. 
 
 A. D. 1670. 
 
 The map of the Carolina region given in John 
 Lederer's Discoz'eries, London, 1672. There is a 
 sketch of it in Hawks's North Carolina, and a fac- 
 simile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. v. 
 
 A. D. 1670-73. 
 
 The maps in Montanus, Dapper, and Ogilby at 
 this time were mainly from the same plates, 'but 
 there were exceptions : 
 
 1. De nieuwe en onbekende Weereld door Arnold 
 Montanus, Amsterdam, 1671. The map of America 
 is marked " per Gerardum a Schagen," and repre- 
 sents the great lakes beyond Ontario merged into 
 one. Some copies are dated 1670. 
 
 2. Die unbekante Neue Welt . . . durch Dr. O. D. 
 (i. e. Olfert Dapper); the name of Montanus, from 
 whom it is a translation, not appearing. It is pub- 
 lished by the same Jacob von Meurs as no. i, but 
 omits the dedication to the Prince of Nassau, and 
 has a different " privilegium " and a " Vorrede an 
 den Leser," not in no. i. It has the same map of 
 America, but it is newly engraved, with different 
 vignettes, and is marked " per Jacobum Meursium." 
 
 3. America, being' an accurate description of the 
 A T ei.u World, London, 1670. This is mainly a trans- 
 lation of Montanus by John Ogilby, and notwith- 
 standing the date (1670) in the title, there is a 
 reference on p. 211 to the "present year, 1671." 
 Most of the maps and engravings are from the 
 plates used in nos. i and 2; but the map of America 
 is an entirely different one, marked "per Johannem 
 Ogiluium . . . F. Lamb, sculp." A part of this map 
 is given in facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 America, iv. 393. There is an extra map of the 
 Chesapeake, of English make, beside the one taken 
 from Montanus, and also English maps of Jamaica 
 and Barbadoes, not in Montanus. 
 
 4. America ; being the latest and most accurate de- 
 scription of the New World. This is made up of the 
 same sheets as no. 3, with a new title and an appen- 
 dix, not in no. 3. The maps of no. 3 are repeated. 
 
 The map in Richard Blome's English Empire in 
 America, in which he followed Sanson. 
 
 Of about this date is a chart of the New England 
 coast with soundings (measuring5 A X 2i n z feet), found 
 in 1884 by H. F. Waters in the British Museum. 
 
 A. D. 1675. 
 
 A Dutch atlas of Roggerveen, published in sev- 
 eral languages, known in English as the Burning 
 Fen, contains various coast charts : 
 
 No. i. Cape Breton to South Carolina. 
 
 No. 2. Newfoundland to New England. 
 
 No. 29. North Carolina, with Chesapeake and Del- 
 aware bays. 
 
 No. 30. The Delaware Bay, mouth of the Hudson, 
 and Long Island. 
 
 No. 31. Narragansett to New York. 
 
 There are enumerations of Dutch Zee-Atlassen in 
 the Inventuris der Verzameling Kaarten berustende in 
 het Kijks-Archief, (s'Gravenhage, 1867), and in P. A. 
 Tiele's Nederlandsche Bibliographie van Land- en 
 Volkenknndc, (Amsterdam, 1884). 
 
 Sz& post, no. 218, for Seller's map of New England. 
 
 A. D. 1676. 
 
 The maps of New England and New York, in 
 Speed's Prospect, based largely on the Dutch drafts ; 
 of Virginia and Maryland, based on Smith ; and of 
 the Carolinas. 
 
 A. D. 1677. 
 
 The map in Hubbard's Narrative of the Troubles 
 in New England, Boston, 1677, and London, 1677, 
 the latter plate being reproduced in Palfrey's N~ew 
 England, iii. p. 155, and in Judge Davis's ed. of 
 Morton's Memorial. 
 
 A. D. 1680. 
 
 A chart of the coasts of Maine, New Hampshire, 
 Massachusetts, and New Plymouth (measuring 3f% 
 X 2i e z feet), discovered in the British Museum by 
 H. F. Waters in 1884. 
 
 A. D. 1680. 
 
 A map of the New England coast in the French 
 Archives, copied by Mr. Poore in the French docu- 
 ments (Mass, Archives), and sketched in the Nar. 
 and Crit. Hist. A?nerica, iii. 383. 
 
 Maps of the NewNetherland coast, including New 
 England, much resembling one another, are found 
 dating probably about this time, though the year is 
 usually lacking, respectively assigned to Jamison, 
 Schenck, Visscher, Danckers, Ottens, Allard, Scatter, 
 etc. They are Dutch and German, and were proba- 
 bly occasioned by the temporary success of the 
 Dutch at New Amsterdam in 1673. 
 
 211 and 212. A. D. 1682. "Wilson's Carolina. 
 (Two copies.) 
 
 Shows the coast from the Chesapeake to St. 
 Augustine, with a corner map of the Cooper and 
 
 Ashley rivers. From a printed map belonging to 
 Samuel Wilson's Account of the Province of Carolina 
 in America, London, 1682. The map is called " A 
 new Description of Carolina, by order of the Lords 
 Proprietors." The book throws no light on the 
 origin of the map, but Kohl suspects White's map 
 may have been the basis of the North Carolina part, 
 and Wm. Sayle's surveys have been used for the 
 more southerly parts. Kohl says that the boundary 
 line here given between Carolina and Virginia is the 
 earliest instance of its being laid down in a map. 
 The river May flows from a large "Ashley Lake." 
 
 It is also found in Chas. Deane's copy of Ogilby's 
 America, and perhaps in other copies. 
 
 A. D. 1683. 
 
 Hennepin's Carte de la Nouvelle France shows the 
 east coast. See ante, under no. 179. 
 
 213. A. D. 1684. Hack's Carolina. 
 
 This map is very nearly identical with nos. 211 
 and 212, and is signed "Made by William Hack at 
 the signe of Great Britaine and Ireland, near new 
 stairs in Wapping. Anno Domini 1684." The 
 original is a printed map. 
 
 A. D. 1684. 
 
 Franquelin's great map shows the east coast. It 
 is sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 iv. 228. See ante, under no. 100. 
 
 A. D. 1685. 
 
 The " Nova Belgica et Anglia nova " in Blaeu's 
 Atlas. See ante, under A. D. 1662. 
 
 Minet's Carte de la Louisiane shows the east 
 coast. It is sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iv. 237. 
 
 Map of New England in Seller's New England 
 Almanac, of which there is a reproduction in Pal- 
 frey's Ncu.' England, iii. 489. 
 
 See the map of New England and New York, 
 given in Cassell's United States, \. 330, as dated 1684, 
 and engraved by Michault. 
 
 A. D. 1687. 
 
 The maps by Morden in Blome's Present State of 
 his Majcstv's Isles and Territories in America, London, 
 1687. The map of New England is reproduced in 
 the Papers concerning the attack on Ifatfield and Deer- 
 field, New York (Bradford Club), 1859; that of 
 Carolina is in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 vol. v. 
 
 A. D. 1688. 
 
 The "Canada" of Coronelli, "Corrigee et aug- 
 mentee par Tillemon," "partie oricntale," published 
 in Paris in 1688, and on a reduced scale in 1689, 
 shows the east coast, after the Dutch drafts. 
 
 The map of New England in the Amsterdam 
 editions (1688, 1715) of Blome is different from the 
 one named ante, under A. D. 1687. That of 1688 is 
 reproduced in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 vol. v. 
 
 A. I). 1689. 
 
 A MS. map by Raudin in the collection of Mr. 
 S. L. M. Barlow in New York.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. 1690. 
 
 A map of New England and New York, published 
 in London by Thomas Basset about 1690. It has 
 the characteristics of the prevailing Dutch cartog- 
 raphy, and twenty-five copies have been reproduced 
 in facsimile for J. Hammond Trumbull. 
 
 A. D. 1691. 
 
 The map in Leclercq's tablissement de la Foy, 
 which is reproduced in J. G. Shea's translation of 
 that book. 
 
 214. A. D. 1696. Cotton Mather's New Eng- 
 
 land. 
 
 The "Exact Mapp of New England and New 
 York," contained in Mather's Magnolia, London, 
 1702, in which he speaks of his map under date of 
 1696. There has been a facsimile made of it. It is 
 also reproduced in Cassell's United States, i. pp. 492, 
 516. 
 
 A. D. 1697. 
 
 Hennepin's map in the Nouvclle Decouverte. 
 
 Allard's Minor Atlas of about this date contains : 
 
 " Nova Belgica et Anglia nova," presenting the 
 prevailing Dutch drafts. 
 
 "Totius Neobelgii nova tabula" gives the coast 
 from the Chesapeake to the Penobscot, with a 
 picture of New York after its recapture (1673). 
 
 " Nova Virginia? tabula," following Smith's map. 
 
 A. D. 1698. 
 
 Gabriel Thomas's map of the New Jersey coast 
 and Delaware Bay, which appeared in his Account 
 of Pennsylvania, and is reproduced in Cassell's 
 United States, i. 282, and in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iii. 50* 
 
 A. D. 1700. (?) 
 
 Courtenay in the Charleston Year Book (1883) 
 places before 1700 " A new map of Carolina," of 
 which he gives a facsimile. 
 
 A colored chart of about this date, showing the 
 coasts of New France, New Scotland, and New 
 England (measuring iH X ifz feet) found by Mr. H. 
 F. Waters in the British Museum in 1884. 
 
 215. A. D. 1700. Province of New York. 
 
 It shows the country as far north as the Mohawk, 
 from a little distance east of the Connecticut to a 
 meridian west of Perth Amboy. It follows a map 
 in the State Paper Office, London, marked : " A 
 map of the Province of New Yorke in America by 
 Augustin Graham, Surveyor-General," and is dedi- 
 cated to Lord Bellomont. The last grant on the 
 map is put down as in 1697, and Kohl conjectures 
 the map must have been made about 1700. The 
 grants distinguished are chiefly on the eastern side 
 of the Hudson, and date from 1684 to 1697. It 
 shows also the grant along both sides of the Mo- 
 hawk River in 1697 to Godfray Dellius. 
 
 216. A. D. 1700. The same. 
 
 Another copy, less perfect, and without annota- 
 tions. 
 
 A. D. 1701-1721. 
 
 The maps in John Thornton's Atlas Maritimus. 
 
 A. D. 1702. 
 
 The map in Campanius. See ante, under no. loo, 
 and his more detailed map showing the coast from 
 Maine to the Chesapeake, given also in facsimile in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 485. 
 
 217. A. D. 1709. Lawson's Carolina. 
 
 Shows the coast from Cape Henry to St. Augus- 
 tine. It is copied from the map in John Lawson's 
 History of Carolina, London, 1714. The first edition 
 was in 1709, and the map is repeated in the German 
 translation, Hamburg, 1712, 1722. 
 
 A. D. 1709. 
 
 La Hontan's Carte Glnlrale de Canada shows the 
 New England and Acadian coast, and this part is 
 given in facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. Amer- 
 ica, iv. 153. 
 
 218. A. D. 171-? Seller's New England. 
 
 Shows the coast from the Kennebec to beyond 
 the Connecticut River. It is called "A mapp of New 
 England by John Seller, hydrographer to the King," 
 and was made not long after 1700, as Kohl thinks. 
 The original, which is more extended, is in Harvard 
 College library, and a text accompanying it seems to 
 be taken from Josselyn's Tivo Voyages. It is cer- 
 tainly not so late as Kohl puts it, since Josselyn's 
 book was printed in 1674, and the map itself is men- 
 tioned in the London Gazette in 1676, as follows: 
 "There is now extant a map of New England, as is 
 now divided into three great colonies of Plymouth, 
 Massachusetts, and Connecticut, with a printed de- 
 scription by John Seller." 
 
 A. D. 1713. 
 
 The rude delineation of the east coast in Joutel's . 
 Journal historiqne, Paris, 1713. This map is repro- 
 duced in the Mag. of Amer. Hist. 1882, p. 185, and in 
 A. P. C. Griffin's Discovery of the Mississippi, p. 20. 
 
 A. D. 1718. 
 
 Nicolas de Fer's " Partie meridionale de la riviere 
 de Mississippi" shows the Carolina and Florida 
 coasts. 
 
 219. A. D. i72o(?) Carolina. 
 
 This follows a MS. map preserved in the British 
 State Paper Office, bearing no date, but evidently 
 made after 1715. On it is marked : 
 
 "1. The way Coll. Barnwell marched from Charls- 
 town, 1711, with the forces sent from S. Carol, to 
 the relief of N. Carolina. 
 
 "2. The way Coll. J. Moore marched in the 1712 
 with the forces sent for the relief of North Carolina. 
 
 "3. The way Corol. Maurice Moore marched in 
 the year 1713 with recruits from South Carolina. 
 
 "4. The way Corol. Maurice Moore went in the 
 year 1715 with the forces sent from North Carolina 
 to the assistance of S. Carolina. This march was 
 farther continued from Fort Moore up Savano river, 
 near a N. \V. course, 150 miles to the Charokee 
 Indians, who live among the mountains." 
 
 There is a sketch of the map in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, vol. v. 
 
 i 
 
 A. D. 1722. 
 
 The map of " Nouvelle France "in La Potherie, 
 repeated in the 1753 edition.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. 1728. 
 
 The Atlas maritimus et commercialis (London) has 
 charts of Delaware and Chesapeake bays, the New 
 England coast, the St. Lawrence gulf, and Boston 
 Harbor. 
 
 220. A. D. 1730. 
 
 Indian Map of South Caro- 
 lina. 
 
 It is marked : "This map describing the situation 
 of the several nations of Indians to the N. W. of 
 South Carolina was coppyed from a draught, drawn 
 and painted on a deer skin by an Indian cacique, 
 and presented to Francis Nicholson, Esq r , Governour 
 of South Carolina, by whom it is most humbly dedi- 
 cated to his Royal High. George, Prince of Wales." 
 
 This is taken from the original in the British 
 Museum. 
 
 A. D. 1730. 
 
 The map by Herman Moll, attached to Davis 
 Humphrey's Hist. Ace. of the Soc. for propagating the 
 gospel in foreign parts, London, 1730. It has a mar- 
 ginal map of the South Carolina coast, which is 
 reproduced in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 vol. v. ; which may be compared with the map in 
 Moll's New Survey, 1729 (no. 26), which is given in 
 facsimile in Cassell's United States, i. 439. 
 
 221. A. D. 1733. Popple's Boston Harbor. 
 
 See an enumeration of the maps of Boston Harbor 
 in the Memorial Hist. Boston, vol. i. ii. and iii. 
 
 222. A. D. 1733. Popple's Town and Harbour 
 
 of Charlestown, S. C. 
 
 223. A. D. 1733. Popple's Harbour of St. Au- 
 
 gustine. 
 
 224. A. D. 1733. Popple's New York and Perth 
 
 Amboy Harbours. 
 
 Nos. 221 to 224 are marginal maps annexed to 
 Popple's great map of The British Empire in Amer- 
 ica, which has 14 other charts of harbors, beside 3 
 views of towns. It was first issued in 1732, and a 
 reproduction appeared in Amsterdam about 1737. 
 The Catalogue of the British Museum MSS., no. 
 23,615 (fol. 72), shows a draft by Popple of the 
 English and French possessions, dated 1727. 
 
 A. D. 1738. 
 
 The map of America in Keith's Virginia. 
 
 A. D. 1741. 
 
 Moll's maps in Oldmixon's British Empire ; also 
 in edition of 1708. 
 
 A. D. 1742. 
 
 The English Pilot, published at London, has 
 various coast charts : 
 
 Nos. 2. Newfoundland to Hudson's Bay. 
 
 3. Labrador to Cape St. Roque. 
 
 4. Another covering the same. 
 
 5. Newfoundland to Maryland. 
 
 6. Casco Bay by Cyprian Southicke (dated 
 
 London, 1720). 
 
 7. Newfoundland coast by Henry Southwood. 
 
 13. Cape Breton to New York, with separate 
 
 plan of Boston Harbor. Cape Cod is 
 pierced at the angle. 
 
 14. New York Harbor and vicinity by Mark 
 
 Tiddeman. 
 
 15. Chesapeake and Delaware bays. 
 
 16. Lower Chesapeake and the Virginia rivers. 
 19. Carolina and Charleston Harbor. 
 
 A. D. 1746-1748. 
 
 D'Anville's "Amerique Septentrionale " (Paris); 
 but a new draft with improvements was published at 
 Nuremberg in 1756. 
 
 A. D. 1747. 
 
 " America " in Bowen's Complete System of Geog- 
 raphy. 
 
 A. D. 1753. 
 
 Robert de Vaugondy's Carte de Canada. 
 
 A.D. 1755. 
 
 Jeffery's New Map of Nova Scotia, etc., showing 
 the coast from Labrador to Boston. 
 
 Lewis Evans' map of the Middle British Colonies, 
 with improvements by I. Gibson, which is reproduced 
 in Whittlesey's Cleveland. 
 
 John Huske's Present State of North America, 2d 
 ed., London (1755), has a map showing the English 
 claims and French encroachments. 
 
 William Douglass' Summary of the British Settle- 
 ments in North America, Boston, reprinted London, 
 has D'Anville's map "improved with the back settle- 
 ments of Virginia.'"' Cf. Sabin, xii. no. 47,552. 
 
 Various other maps were published at this time, 
 occasioned by the controversy between the French 
 and English governments as to the bounds of their 
 respective possessions in America. 
 
 A. D. 1757. 
 
 Carte de la Nouvelle Angleterre par M. B. 
 
 A. D. 1764. 
 
 Map of North America by M., new ed. by Vau- 
 gondy, 1772, reproduced in the French Encyclopedic, 
 Supplement, 1777. 
 
 A. D. 1769. 
 
 Captain Cluny's map of North America in The 
 American Traveller, reproduced in the French Ency- 
 clopedic, Supplement, 17/7. 
 
 225. A. D. 1787. Franklin's Gulf-Stream. 
 
 It shows the coast from Labrador to Florida, and 
 is endorsed : " This draft of that Stream was ob- 
 tained from Capt. Folger, one of the Nantucket 
 whalemen, and caused to be engraved on the old 
 chart in London, for the benefit of navigators, by B. 
 Franklin." Kohl calls this the first attempt specially 
 to indicate the Gulf Stream on a chart. The prefer- 
 able track for sailing from New York to England is 
 pricked on the chart. It is copied from an engraved 
 map in Franklin's Philosophical and Miscellaneous 
 Papers (London, 1787).
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 43 
 
 VII. 
 THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. 
 
 *#* See also the maps in Sections II., III., and VIII. 
 A. D. 1500, etc. 
 
 The earliest maps show what stands with some 
 for the Gulf of Ganges, and with others for the 
 Gulf of Mexico (as in the Admiral's, ante, no. 32, 
 and Reisch's, ante, no. 33). They also show in the 
 country north of this gulf, the region ultimately to 
 be developed as the Mississippi Valley. We begin 
 to have a rudimentary river, usually called " Rio 
 de Spiritu Santo " as in the map of the gulf published 
 by Navarrete (post, no. 247) ; and this representa- 
 tion of a great river, flowing into the north part of 
 the gulf, can be traced down through various maps, 
 like that of Cortes in 1524 (post, no. 248) ; of Mai- 
 olio in 1527 (ante, under no. 39) ; those of Ribero, 
 1529 (ante, no. 41) ; Mercator, 1541 (under no. 54) ; 
 the Ulpius globe, 1542 (under no. 55) ; the Cabot 
 mappemonde, 1544 (under no. 56) ; the Medina map 
 of 1545 (no. 59) ; the map given in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, ii. p. 292; Bellero's of 1554 (no. 64) ; 
 Vopellio's of 1556 (under no. 66) ; Homem, 1558 
 (no. 67); Zaltiere, 1566 (no. 94) ; Des Liens, 1566 
 (under no. 69) ; Dr. Dee's, 1580 (no. 96), and De 
 Bry's, 1596 (cf. Nar. and Crit. Hist. Amer., iv. 99). 
 
 Maps of the type of Mercator (no. 71), Ortelius, 
 1570 (no. 72), and Marlines (nos. 75, 77) make the 
 water-ways run across the continent. 
 
 We find the earliest special treatment of this 
 river, in a kind of parallel network of streams, as 
 shown in Wytfliet's Florida et Apalche (no. 264) ; 
 and Wytfliet's draft is followed in a map of about 
 1622, America naviter delineata, auct. jftidoco Hondio, 
 Johannes Janssonius excudit, and in another of 1636, 
 called Novissima et accuratissima totius America de- 
 scrip tio, per N. Visscher. 
 
 Jefferys, in the map in his North-west Passage, 1768, 
 shows the course of the lower Mississippi by a clotted 
 line, professing to engrave the map from the " Her- 
 rera of 1608 ; " but the maps in the early editions of 
 Herrera do not have the dotted line. 
 
 226. A. D. 1656. Sanson's Mississippi. 
 
 It represents the mouth of the Mississippi as a 
 bay ("Bahia del Espiritu Santo") into which va- 
 rious rivers empty, having their sources in a semi- 
 circular range of mountains, of which one end 
 extends towards the Florida peninsula, and the 
 other is in Texas. The names within this belt of 
 mountains are derived from the accounts of De 
 Soto's march. 
 
 Later maps of Sanson follow this draft, as in his 
 Amerique Septentrionale, 1669. 
 
 227. A. D. 1673 Marquette's Upper Missis- 
 sippi, showing the portages to Lake 
 Huron. 
 
 It follows a sketch preserved in St. Mary's Col- 
 lege, Montreal, and is copied from the engraving of 
 it given in French's Hist. Coll. of Louisiana, iv. Dr. 
 Shea first brought forward this map, in his Discovery 
 of the Mississippi, in 1853 ; and he used the fac- 
 simile which he caused to be made for that book, in 
 his edition of the Jesuit Relations of 1673-79 ; and it 
 has since been reproduced in Douniol's Mission dit 
 Canada (with a sketch of a cabin on it, which does 
 
 not belong to it), Blanchard's History of the North- 
 west, Hurlbut's Chicago Antiquities, Andreas' Chicago, 
 in the Report of the U. S. Chief of Engineers, 1876, 
 vol. iii., and in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv 
 220. 
 
 228. A. D. 1673. Marquette's Mississippi ex- 
 tended to the gulf. 
 
 This follows the map given in Thevenot's Re- 
 ctteil de Voyages, Paris, 1681, as Marquette's, but 
 which was the work of the Jesuits. (Cf. Harrisse, 
 no. 202.) The sketch in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iv. 221, is from the Parkman copy of the 
 original map, which has now disappeared from the 
 Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris. Sparks, in his 
 Life of Marquette, copies the engraving in Thevenot, 
 whose title differs from that of the Parkman copy. 
 The Catal. of the Library of Parliament (Toronto), 
 1858, shows another copy. It is reproduced in An- 
 dreas' Chicago, i. 47, and in Breese's Early Hist, of 
 Illinois. 
 
 A. D. 1673. 
 
 Pays et peuple dlcouverts en 1673 dans la partie 
 septentrionale de V Amerique par P. Marquette et 
 jfoliet, suivant la description qu'ils en ont faite, recti- 
 fiee stir diverses observations posterieures de nouveau 
 mis en jour par Pierre Vander Aa a Leide. 
 
 A. D. 1674. 
 
 Joliet's earliest map, Nouvelle decouverte de plu- 
 sieurs nations dans la Nouvelle France en fannee 
 1673 e * I ^74, showing the whole length of the Mis- 
 sissippi, and published by Gravier in colored fac- 
 simile, in an Etude sitr une carte inconnue, which 
 appeared in the Memoires du Congres des America- 
 nistes, 1879, and in the Revue de Geographie, Feb. 1880. 
 This reduced colored facsimile is given in the Mag. 
 of Amer. Hist. 1883, and in A. P. C. Griffin's Dis- 
 covery of the Mississippi ; and there are sketches of 
 it in Andreas' Chicago, i. p. 49 ; and in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 208. 
 
 Cf. a map in the Parkman Collection, of which 
 there is a sketch in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. Amer- 
 ica, iv. p. 206. 
 
 A. D. 1674. 
 
 Joliet's larger map is supposed to be lost. There 
 is what is called a copy in the Barlow Collection of 
 Maps, belonging to S. L. M. Barlow, Esq., of New 
 York. A sketch of it is given in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, iv. pp. 212, 213. Cf. Harrisse, Notes 
 sur la Nouvelle France, no. 203. (See ante, no. 
 I77-) 
 
 A. D. 1674. 
 
 Joliet's smaller map is also in the Barlow Collec- 
 tion, and a sketch from it is given in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 214. Cf. Harrisse, no. 
 204 ; Parkman's La Salle, p. 453. 
 
 Cf. for the Ohio valley, no. 3 of the Parkman 
 maps, given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 
 p. 215. 
 
 A. D. 1675. , 
 
 The " Bahia del Spierto Santo " in Rogeveen's 
 Burning Fen, no. 19.
 
 44 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. 1679-1681. 
 
 Harrisse (nos. 209, 213-218) cites early maps of 
 Franquelin for these years. Parkman attributes to 
 Franquelin a Carte de I'Amerique septentrionale, . . . 
 avec les nouvelles decouvertes de la Riviere Mississipi 
 ou Colbert (cf. Parkman's La Salle, p. 455; Harrisse, 
 no. 219). 
 
 A. D. 1682. 
 
 From a copy of Franquelin's map of this date in 
 the Barlow Collection, a sketch is given in the Nar. 
 and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 227. It shows the mouth 
 of the Mississippi, but there is a blank northward 
 from the mouth till the Ohio is reached. 
 
 229. A. D. 1682 (?). Franquelin's Mississippi. 
 
 After a MS. map in the Depot de la Marine at 
 Paris, called " Carte generate de la France septen- 
 trionale . . . Faite par le Sieur Jolliet." It is dedi- 
 cated to Colbert. On the margin is "Johannes Lu- 
 dovicus Franquelin pinxit." 
 
 Harrisse (no. 214) puts this under 1681. It is 
 sketched from the Parkman copy in the Nar. and 
 Crit, Hist. America, iv. 2 1 8. 
 
 230. A. D. 1682. The Mississippi by Hen- 
 
 nepin. 
 
 It shows the coast from Maine to Texas, and ex- 
 tends to 60 north. It has no annotations, and is 
 marked " Rejected." 
 
 231. A. D. 1683. Hennepin's Mississippi 
 
 It shows the coast from Labrador to Texas. This 
 is after the map in the 1683 edition of Hennepin's 
 Description de la Louisiane, in which he combined 
 Marquette's travels with his own, and left the lower 
 Mississippi a dotted line. It is called Carte de la 
 Nouvelle France et de la Louisiane. It is given in 
 part in facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America", 
 iv. 249, with references ; and the whole map is repro- 
 duced in Dr. Shea's edition of Hennepin, and in 
 "Winchell's Final Rept. Gcol. Survey of Minnesota, 
 p. 6. Cf. Harrisse, no. 352. 
 
 A. D. 1684. 
 
 Franquelin's great Carte de la Louisiane, of which 
 a sketch is given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 iv. 228, from a copy in the Parkman Collection of 
 maps in Harvard College Library. (Cf. Parkman's 
 La Salle, pp. 295, 455 ; Harrisse, no. 222 ; Thomassy, 
 Geologie practique de la Louisiane, p. 227.) 
 
 Harrisse (no. 223) refers to a Carte de FAmerique 
 septentrionale of De la Croix, which is assigned also 
 to Franquelin. 
 
 A. D. 1685. 
 
 Carte de la Louisiane, by Minet. It is sketched in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 237, with refer- 
 ences, from a copy in the Barlow Collection (cf. Har- 
 risse, no. 225). 
 
 232. A. D. 1688. The Mississippi by Franque- 
 
 lin. 
 
 It is called Carte manuscripte de VAmcrique septen- 
 trionale par J. B. Louis Franquelin, Hydrographe du 
 Roy en Canada. Quebec en 1688. It gives the Mis- 
 sissippi a wide zigzag course, and makes it debouch 
 on the coast of Texas. Kohl has not annotated it. 
 
 It has been engraved for E. D. NeilPs History of 
 Minnesota, 1882; and this engraving is reproduced 
 in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 230, 231, and 
 in Winchell's Final Report of the Geological Survey of 
 Minnesota, vol. i. pi. 2. 
 
 233. A. D. 1688. The Mississippi by Coronelli. 
 
 This is from Father Coronelli's published map, 
 America Settentrionale, 1 688. He seems to have 
 been ignorant of Marquette's discoveries. The Mis- 
 souri is not indicated. The " Ouabache " is about 
 where the Ohio should be ; and the " Ohio " runs 
 parallel with it further south. 
 
 A sketch of the map by Coronelli, as corrected by 
 Tilleman, Paris, 1688, is given in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, iv. 232. It was issued in two parts, 
 
 one of the eastern, the other of the western, por- 
 tions of North America. These two were united in 
 1689 on a smaller scale. 
 
 A. D. 1688. 
 
 Carte des parties les plus occidentales du Canada, 
 par le Pere Pierre Raffeix, S. J., a MS. map in the 
 Bibliotheque nationale of Paris, from a copy of 
 which in the Kohl Collection a sketch is given with 
 the marginal inscriptions in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, iv. 233. There is another copy in the Bar- 
 low Collection. Cf. Harrisse, no. 238. 
 
 There is in the Barlow Collection a map, which 
 Harrisse (Notes, etc., p. xxv. and no. 241) believes to 
 be the lost original of a map by Raudin, Frontenac's 
 engineer ; and of this a sketch is given in the Nar. 
 and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 235. 
 
 234. A. D. 1689. Lahontan's Long River. 
 
 This fabulous stream is represented as rising in 
 the Rocky Mountains, and flowing into the Missis- 
 sippi above the Missouri. Kohl thinks the river in 
 question may have been the St. Peter's River. La- 
 hontan professed to copy the western part of the 
 river from an Indian map, made for him in that 
 country. 
 
 This map appeared in the Nouvcaux voyages, La 
 Haye, 1709, vol. i. p. 136, and is reproduced in the 
 Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. p. 261. 
 
 235. A. D. 1689. Coronelli's Canada ou Nou- 
 
 velle France. 
 
 It shows the coast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence 
 to Texas, and gives the bounds between New France 
 and the English possessions. Kohl thinks the pres- 
 ent map a French imitation of no. 233. 
 
 A. D. 1689-1699. 
 
 Harrisse (nos. 231,232, 240, 248, 259) assigns va- 
 rious other maps to these years. 
 
 A. D. 1691. 
 
 The map in Leclercq's JStablissement de la Foy, 
 which is reproduced in Dr. Shea's translation of 
 that book. 
 
 A. D. 1692. 
 
 Hubert Jaillot, who had inherited the plates of 
 Nicolas Sanson, published in Paris what passes as 
 Sanson's Amerique septentrionale, the plate of 
 which was long in use in Amsterdam and else- 
 where.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 45 
 
 236. A. D. 1698. Henuepiu's Mississippi. 
 
 This shows the river carried to the gulf. It first 
 appeared in Hennepin's Nouvelle Dicouverte, Utrecht, 
 1697, which had two distinct maps, showing the Mis- 
 sissippi extending to the gulf. 
 
 The first Carte (Tun tres grand pais nouvellement dl- 
 couvert, etc., is reproduced in theJVar. and Crit. Hist, 
 of America, iv. pp. 252, 253, and was repeated in the 
 editions of the Nouvelle Decouverte, printed at Ley- 
 den in 1704, and was re-engraved in the English edi- 
 tion, Discovery of a large, rich, and plentiful country 
 (London, 1720), with English names. 
 
 The second, Carte d'une ires grand fays entre le 
 nouveau Mexique et la mer glaciale, was used in the 
 later editions of 1698, 1704, 1711, etc., with changes 
 hi successive issues, and is reproduced in the Nar. 
 and Crit. Hist. America, vol. iv. p. 251, and in 
 Breese's Early Hist, of Illinois, p. 98. 
 
 237. A. D. 1698. The Mississippi by De Fer. 
 
 He follows Coronelli in making the " Ouabache " 
 and " Ohio " parallel streams. Published in Paris in 
 1698. 
 
 A. D. I;OO. 
 
 Carte des Environs du Mississipi, envoy te & Paris 
 en 1700. Cf. Thomassy, Geol. pract. de la Louisiane, 
 pi. i. 
 
 A. D. 1701. 
 
 De Fer's Castes aux Environs de la rivttre Missis- 
 sipi. Cf. Thomassy, p. 201. 
 
 A. D. 1702. 
 
 Thomassy ( Geol. pratique de la Louisiane, p. 209) 
 refers to an original draft by Guillaume Delisle, 
 Carte de la riviere du Mississipi, dressee sur les me- 
 moir es de M. Le Sueur, 1702, which is preserved in 
 the Archives Scientifiques de la Marine. 
 
 A. D. 1702. 
 
 The map in Campanius' Nya Swerige gives the 
 lower portions of the river rudely. There is a fac- 
 simile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 394. 
 
 A. D. 1703. 
 
 Lahontan's Carte gtnlrale de Canada, which ap- 
 peared in his Nouveaux Voyages, La Haye, 1703, and 
 was repeated in some of the later editions. It was 
 re-engraved in the Memoires, Amsterdam, 1741, vol. 
 iii. It is reproduced, with references, in the Nar. 
 and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 258. 
 
 A. D. 1705. 
 
 De Fer's Le Canada ou Nouvelle France. 
 
 A. D. 1703. 
 
 The map of Delisle, showing the route of De Soto, 
 and called Carte de la Louisiane et dti Cotirs du Mis- 
 sissipi, published in Paris, and repeated in Garci- 
 lasso de la Vega's Histoire des Incas, etc., Amster- 
 dam, 1707, and in Delisle's Atlas Nouveau, Amster- 
 dam, 1740. It is reproduced in French's Hist. Col- 
 lections of Louisiana, ii. (dated 1707); in Gravier's 
 La Salle (1870) ; in part, in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, ii. p. 295 ; in Cassell's United States, i. p. 
 475; in Winchell's Final Rept. of the Geol. of Minne- 
 sota, i. p. 20. See/<W, no. 238. 
 
 A. D. 1712. 
 
 Louisiana am Fluss Mississippi in the German 
 translation of John Lawson's Carolina, Hamburg, 
 1712. 
 
 A. D. 1713. 
 
 Carte Nouvelle de la Louisiane et de la riviere de Mis- 
 sissipi . . . dressee par le sieur Joutel, belonging to 
 Joutel's Journal historique, Paris, 1713. A part of 
 this map is given in the Mag. of Amer. Hist., 1882, 
 p. 185, and in A. P. C. Griffin's Discovery of the Mis- 
 sissippi, p. 20. Cf. Thomassy, Geologie prac. de la 
 Louisiane, p. 210. 
 
 The English translation of this, A Journal of the 
 Last Voyage performed by La Salle, etc., Paris, 1714, 
 has a map showing the course of the Mississippi. 
 (Cf. Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iv. 240.) 
 
 A. D. 1715. 
 
 Herman Moll's New and Exact Map of the Domin- 
 ions of the King of Great Britain, has a lesser map 
 attached, called Louisiana, with the Indian Settle- 
 ments and Number of Fighting Men, according to the 
 Account of Capt. T. Nearn. 
 
 A. D. 1718. 
 
 Le Cours du Mississipi ou de Saint-Louis, par N. 
 de Fer, embodying previous information, was made 
 by direction " de la compagnie d'occident." 
 
 Partie meridionale de la riviere de Mississipi, par 
 N. de Fer, extends north to the Illinois country. 
 
 238. A. D. [1719.] Delisle's Louisiana. 
 
 It shows the routes of De Soto and others. It is 
 called Carte de la Louisiane et du Cours du Mississipi. 
 It was followed by H. Moll in 1720, and Popple in 
 1732. Kohl says it is the earliest map to show the 
 word Texas (Los Teijas), and to show the Cumber- 
 land and Tennessee Rivers. 
 
 Thomassy ( Geol. practique de la Louisiane, p. 211) 
 refers to the June, 1718, map of Delisle. See ante, 
 under A. D. 1703. 
 
 A. D. 1719-20. 
 
 Thomassy gives a Carte de la Cote de la Louisiane, 
 preserved in the Archives Scientifiques de la Marine 
 in Paris, based on surveys made at this time by M. 
 De Serigny. 
 
 A. D. 1720. 
 
 A new map of Louisiana and the river Mississipi, 
 which appeared in Some Considerations on the Conse- 
 quences of the French settling Colonies on the Missis- 
 sipi. London, 1720. 
 
 Moll's New Map of the North Parts of America, 
 1720, follows Delisle's of 1718, for the Louisiana 
 portion. It is reproduced in Lindsey's Unsettled 
 Boundaries of Ontario, Toronto, 1873. 
 
 Gerard van Keulen published at Amsterdam a 
 large map, Carte de la Nouvelle France, ou se voit le 
 Cours des grandes Rivieres Mississippi et St. Laurens, 
 with observations on French fortified posts. 
 
 De Beauvillier's Carte nouvclle de la partie de 
 Fouest de la province de la Louisiane (Thomassy, p. 
 214). 
 
 i 
 
 A. D. 1722. 
 
 The " map of Carolana and the river Meschacebe " 
 in Daniel Coxe's Description of Carolana, London,
 
 4 6 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 1727, and repeated in later editions. See post, no. 
 2 39- 
 
 A. D. 1722. 
 
 La Potherie's Carte genlrale de la Nouvelle France 
 in his Hist, de VAmerique septentrionale, Paris, 1722, 
 vol. ii., gives the misplacement of the mouths of the 
 Mississippi which originated with La Salle. 
 
 A. D. 1722. 
 
 Le Blond de la Tour's Entree du Mississipi en 
 1722. (Cf. Thomassy, pi. iii.) 
 
 A. D. 1724. 
 
 The " Carte de 1'Amerique " in Lafitau's Mceurs 
 des Sauvages Ameriquains, Paris, 1724, vol. i. 24. 
 
 A. D. 1724. 
 
 Plan particulier de V embotlthure du fietive Saint- 
 Louis, signed by De Pauger, royal engineer. 
 
 A. D. 1726. 
 
 A " new map of Louisiana and the river Missis- 
 sipi " in the Memoirs of John Ker of Kersland, Lon- 
 don, 1726. 
 
 A. D. 1729. 
 
 A map of New France and Louisiana in Herman 
 Moll's New Survey of the Globe, no. 27. 
 
 A. D. about 1730. 
 
 AmplissimcE regionis Mississipi seu Provincice Lu- 
 dovicianiz a flennepin detects anno 1687, edita a Jo. 
 Bapt. Homanno, Norimberga. Has a marginal view 
 of " Catarrhacta ad Niagaram." 
 
 Homann was a cartographer of easy conscience, 
 who seldom dated his maps, and this one is little 
 better than a re-engraving of the map in Joutel's 
 Journal historique. See ante, under A. D. 1713. It 
 was reproduced by Homann's successors in his busi- 
 ness, and again by William Darby in his Geograph- 
 ical Description of Louisiana (2d ed. 1817), and 
 Thomassy (p. 2) censures Darby for his choice of 
 an early map. 
 
 A. D. 1732. 
 
 D'Anville's Carte de la Louisiane dressee en 1732; 
 publiee en 1752. The upper part of it is reproduced 
 in Andreas' Chicago, i. 59. 
 
 A. D. 1732. 
 
 Popple's British Empire in America follows De- 
 lisle's map (1718) for Louisiana. It was reissued in 
 1733, 1740, and reproduced at Amsterdam in 1737. 
 Sabin's Dictionary, xv. no. 64453. 
 
 A. D. 1732. 
 
 Fleuve Saint Louis, ci-devant Mississipi, a map 
 preserved in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, 
 based upon observations made by Sieur Diron in 
 1719. (Cf. Thomassy, p. 212.) 
 
 A.D. 1733. 
 
 The map in Some Account of the Design of the 
 Trustees for establishing the Colony of Georgia in 
 America. It shows the Atlantic Colonies stretch- 
 ing to the Mississippi River. 
 
 A. D. 1737. 
 
 Le Cours du fleuve Mississipi, 1737, in Bernard's 
 Recueil de Voyages au Nord, Amsterdam, 1737, in 
 connection with Hennepin's narrative. 
 
 A. D. 1740. 
 
 A map by Dumont de Montigny, Carte de la pro- 
 vince de la Louisiane, autrefois le Mississipi, preserved 
 in the 'Depot de la Marine at Paris, is said by Tho- 
 massy (p. 217) to be more valuable for its historical 
 legends than for its geography. 
 
 239. A.D. 1741. Coxe's Carolana. 
 
 After the map in Daniel Coxe's Carolana, Lon- 
 don, 1741. Kohl calls it the earliest English map 
 of the Mississippi. Kohl thinks possibly Coxe may 
 have had unknown charts of the delta. He accepts 
 Lahontan's Long River. See ante, under A. D. 1722. 
 
 A. D. 1743. 
 
 Nicolas Bellin, in Charlevoix's Nouvelle France, 
 gives a Carte de la Louisiane, cours du Mississipi et 
 pais voisins ; and this, with the other maps, is repro- 
 duced in Shea's translation of Charlevoix. 
 
 Bellin's Carte des embouchures du fleuve Saint 
 Louis is based on a draft by Buache (1732), follow- 
 ing an original MS. (1731) preserved in the Archives 
 Scientifiques de la Marine. (See post, under A. D. 
 175-) 
 
 240. A. D. 1749. Bonnecamps' Ohio River. 
 
 After a map in the Ministry of the Marine at Pa- 
 ris, called Carte d'un voyage, fait dans la Belle Riviere 
 en la Nouvelle France, 1749, par le reverend Pere 
 Bonnecamps, Jcsuite Mathematicien. He has marked 
 eight points where he took observations for the lati- 
 tude, and sundry other 'places where he buried in- 
 scribed lead plates in token of possession for the 
 king. 
 
 It also shows the Alleghany River from Lake 
 Chatauqua. 
 
 A. D. 1750. 
 
 Bellin also has a map of this date, called Carte de la 
 Louisiane et des pays voisins. It is said that the maps 
 first published by Bellin were not thought by the 
 French government sufficiently favorable to their 
 claims for boundaries on the English colonies, and he 
 accordingly reissued the maps with changes. When 
 Governor Shirley, speaking with Bellin, referred to 
 this, Bellin is said to have replied, " We in France 
 must obey the king's commands." His map mark- 
 ing these bounds is reproduced in Bonnechose's 
 Montcalm et le Canada fraucais, 5th ed., Paris, 1882. 
 (See ante, under A. D. 1743.) 
 
 A. D. 1753. 
 
 Carte de la Louisiane, in Dumont's Memoires his' 
 toriques de la Louisiane, vol. i. 
 
 A.D. 1755. 
 
 Bellin's Carte de la Louisiane, 1750; sur de nou- 
 velles observations on a corrige les lacs et leurs environs, 
 1755- 
 
 A.D. 1755. 
 
 Canada et Louisiane par le Sieur le Rouge, inge- 
 nieur geographe duRoi, with a small map of the Mis- 
 sissippi River.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 47 
 
 A.D. 1755. 
 
 D'Anville's Canada, Louisiane ft Its terres an- 
 glaises. 
 
 A. D. 1755. 
 
 Robert cle Vaugondy's Partie de fAmMque septen- 
 trionale qui comprend le cours de I 1 Ohio, etc. 
 
 A.D. 1755. 
 
 A New and Accurate Map of North America, con- 
 tained in John Huske's Present State of North Amer- 
 ica, 2d ed., London, 1755. 
 
 A. D. 1755. 
 
 John Mitchell's Map of the British Colonies in 
 North America, engraved by Kitchen, published in 
 London, in 1755. Re-engraved at Amsterdam as a 
 Map of the British and French Dominions in North 
 America. 
 
 A. D. 1757. 
 
 Carte de la Louisiane par rauteur, 1757 in Le Page 
 du Pratz's Histoire de la Louisiane, vol. i. 138. 
 
 A. D. 1760. 
 
 Thomas Jefferys included a map of Canada and 
 the northern parts of Louisiana in his Natural and 
 Civil History of the French Dominion in North and 
 South America. This same map, with the date 1762, 
 was used in his Topography of North America and 
 the West Indies. London, 1768. 
 
 A. D. 1760. 
 
 Janvier's L 1 Amerique. It extends from Louisiana 
 to the Pacific. 
 
 Jefferys' Map of Canada and New France. There 
 is a facsimile in Mills's Boundaries of Ontario. 
 
 A. D. 1764. 
 
 La Louisiane in Bellin's Le Petit Atlas Maritime, 
 vol. i. no. 40, and The Mouths of the Mississippi in nos. 
 43 and 44. 
 
 241. A. D. 1767. Carver's Upper Mississippi. 
 
 This follows the map in Jonathan Carver's Travels. 
 
 A. D. 1768. 
 
 The mouths of the Mississippi and neighboring 
 coasts by Jefferys, in his General Topography of 
 North America and the West Indies, which, he says, 
 was taken from several Spanish and French draw- 
 ings, compared with D'Anville's map of 1752, and 
 with P. Laval's Voyage a Louisiane. 
 
 242. A. D. 1795. The Upper Missouri and Mis- 
 
 sissippi by Soulard. 
 
 The original is preserved in the Depot cle la Ma- 
 rine in Paris. It was made for Colonel De Bouligny, 
 of the Sixth Regiment of Louisiana, and taken to 
 France in 1804 by M. Laussat. 
 
 243. A. D. 1 80 1. An Indian Map of the Upper 
 
 Missouri and its Affluents. 
 
 The original of this is preserved in the Archives 
 of the Hudson Bay Company in London. Drawn 
 by a Blackfoot chief in 1801, and taken to London 
 by Peter Fidler. The range of the Rocky Moun- 
 tains is marked, eleven of their peaks named, and 
 the Pacific seacoast is drawn. 
 
 244. A. D. 1854. The Sources of the Missis- 
 
 sippi River. 
 
 This is Schoolcraft's map given in his Narra- 
 tive. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 THE GULF OF MEXICO AND WEST 
 INDIA ISLANDS, WITH ADJACENT 
 LANDS. 
 
 *#* There are notices of maps of the mouths of the Missis- 
 sippi in Section VII.; and the gulf appears in the maps of 
 Sections II. and III. 
 
 245. A. D. 1463. Antilia by Benincasa. 
 
 This represents an early notion of land to the 
 westward, the antetype of the Antilles. The chart 
 is from a portolano, described in Santarem's Hist. 
 de la Cosmographie, i. p. xlii ; iii. p. 177. Cf. ante, 
 under no. 21, where this map might have been en- 
 tered, if it had been found in season. 
 
 246. A. D. 1 500. La Cosa's map. 
 
 The western part of the La Cosa chart. Kohl 
 has copied the drawing of it in Ramon de la Sagra's 
 Cuba (Paris, 1837). See ante, no. 26, and the whole 
 series of maps enumerated in section ii., for the 
 form the gulf took in the earliest cartography, 
 whether as a supposed Gulf of Ganges, as it is con- 
 jectured to be in the Admiral's (ante, no. 32) and 
 other maps ; or as undeveloped in the Cantino (1502), 
 Ruysch (1508), Sylvanus (1511), and Waldseemul- 
 ler (1513) maps ; as vaguely shut in at the north by 
 a land Bimini, shown in the Peter Martyr map of 
 1511, and in the Weimar map of the Pacific, of 
 1518 (post, no. 316); as an unenclosed archipelago, 
 of which we have instances in the Lenox globe, and 
 in the so-called Da Vinci mappemonde. It gets 
 something like definite though distorted shape in 
 the Stobnicza and Reisch maps, and in the Tross 
 gores. Then in the Nordenskiold gores, in the 
 Schoner globes of 1515 and 1520, and in the Apian 
 cordiform map of I 520, we have the same distorted 
 shape, but joined with a westerly passage, which 
 detaches South America as an island. 
 
 247. A. D. 1520. The Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 The map published by Navarrete in his Coleccion, 
 iii., is reproduced in the Nar. and Crit.Ihst. Amer- 
 ica, ii. p. 218, and in Weise's Discoi'eries of America, 
 p. 278. 
 
 This is the earliest special map of the gulf, and 
 the first to delineate it with approximate accuracy ; 
 and bears the title, Traza de Costas de Ticrra-firme 
 y las tierras mievas. 
 
 Cf. the map of Ayllon's explorations, sketched in 
 the A'ar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 285. 
 i 
 
 248. A. D. 1524. Gulf of Mexico. (Cortes.) 
 
 The original engraving of this chart appeared in 
 a letter of Cortes, addressed to the emperor, and
 
 4 8 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 printed at Nuremberg in 1524. Kohl thinks it 
 shows the explorations of Garay, and does not em- 
 body any of those of Cortes himself. He says it is 
 the earliest map to show the name Florida. It may 
 have been made about the time of no. 247. It is re- 
 produced in Stevens' Amer. Bibliographer, p. 86 ; in 
 his Notes, etc., pi. iv.; and in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, ii. p. 404. It has an uncertain passage to 
 the west, by which Yucatan is made an island, of 
 which there is an indication in no. 247, and unmis- 
 takable expression in the Maiollo map of 1527 (ante, 
 under no. 39), and is suggested in a map by Friess 
 (post, no. 371). Later maps, like the Verrazano, 
 1529 (ante, under no. 42); Ribero, 1529 (ante, no. 
 41); the Lenox wood-cut, 1534 (ante, no. 47, since 
 reproduced in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. 
 p. 223) ; the British Museum map of 1536 (post, no. 
 251), make Yucatan insular, but do not carry the 
 passage to the western sea. 
 
 249. A. D. 1528. The Antilles. 
 
 Six separate maps of Jamaiqua, Cuba, Spagnola, 
 Guadalupe, Dominica, and Matinina, from the Iso- 
 lario of Bordone. Kohl follows a facsimile made 
 for Henry Stevens (see post, no. 372). 
 
 A. D. 1529. 
 
 A section of Ribero's map (ante, no. 41), showing 
 the gulf, etc., is given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, ii. p. 221. 
 
 250. A. D. 1534. Hispaniola. 
 
 From the engraved map in the 1534 edition (com- 
 bined) of Peter Martyr and Oviedo. Kohl follows 
 a facsimile given in Stevens' Amer. Bibliographer. 
 See no. 256. 
 
 251. A. D. 1536. Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 From a large MS. map in the British Museum. 
 Kohl says the language of the map is partly French 
 and partly Spanish, the latter much corrupted ; so 
 that he infers it to be a French copy of a Spanish 
 original. He thinks it may have grown out of the 
 expedition of Narvaez, and says that the peninsula 
 of Florida is for the first time drawn with approxi- 
 mate accuracy. Yucatan is an island. It is sketched 
 in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 225. 
 
 252. A. D. 1542. The Antilles, by Rotz. 
 
 One of the maps in Rotz's Boke of Idrography, in 
 the British Museum. The map is sketched in the 
 Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 226. It is called 
 " The Indis of Occident, quhaz the Spaniards doeth 
 occupy." The latitudes are too high by about three 
 degrees in the northern parts, and too low by about 
 two degrees in the southern parts ; making the dis- 
 tance from Trinidad to Florida much in excess of 
 what it should be. (See ante, no. 55.) 
 
 A. D. 1540-50. 
 
 Within this period may be placed the map, Carta 
 de las Antillas, of which a facsimile is given in the 
 Cartas de Indias, published by the Spanish govern- 
 ment in 1877. 
 
 The map mentioned by Harrisse in his Cabots, 
 p. 185. 
 
 The so-called Atlas de Philippe II. (cf. Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist, of America, ii. 222). See ante, under no. 
 
 5 2 - 
 
 The 1541 Mercator gores (Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, ii. p. 177. 
 
 A. D. 1544. 
 
 The gulf and neighboring portions of the Cabot 
 mappemonde of 1544, are sketched in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, ii. pp. 227, 447. 
 
 253. A. D. 1547. Spanish America, by Nic 
 
 Vallard. 
 
 This shows the coast of both oceans, from 35 N. 
 to 10 S. latitude. It is from the MS. atlas in the 
 Sir Thomas Phillipps Collection. Kohl conjec- 
 tures that the Spanish drafts, apparently used in the 
 making of this map, may have been those brought 
 from the peninsula in 1542 by Don Miguel de 
 Sylva. 
 
 Cf. the sketch from a MS. atlas in the Bodleian, 
 given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 
 292. 
 
 254. A. D. 1547. The same. 
 An inaccurate draft. 
 
 255. A. D. i555(?). The Mexican Gulf. 
 
 This is a French map, and shows the Atlantic 
 coast, from Maine to Honduras. The correspond- 
 ing Pacific coast from about the latitude of Mexico 
 (City), is a mere north-and-south line, with conven- 
 tional river-mouths. Kohl says the original was dis- 
 covered by Jomard in the possession of a French 
 noble family. To judge from the absence of Califor- 
 nia one would place the map before (say) 1535 ; and 
 the absence of traces of De Soto's and other explora- 
 tions on the Atlantic side would indicate as early a 
 date ; but Kohl places it under " about 1555," as that 
 was Jomard's opinion. Kohl is in error in supposing 
 that the presence of Bermuda on the map establishes 
 the date after 1530; since Bermuda is on the Peter 
 Martyr map of 1511, a map unknown to Kohl. It is 
 sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 
 224. 
 
 256. A. D. 1556. Hispaniola. (Ramusio.) 
 
 From the engraved map in Ramusio, iii. (1556), 
 who does not say whence he got it. It is reproduced 
 in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 188, and 
 seems to follow no. 250. 
 
 257. A. D. 1558. Spanish America by Diego 
 
 Homem. 
 
 It shows the coasts of both oceans north of the 
 Isthmus of Panama to 33 north latitude. A MS. 
 map in colors in the British Museum. Kohl calls it 
 the earliest general map to embody the California 
 Peninsula. The "Rio del Spirito Santo" (Missis- 
 sippi) has one main channel. It is sketched in the 
 Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, ii. p. 229. 
 
 258. A. D. 1564. Hispaniola by P. Forlano. 
 
 The engraved original is marked " In Venetia 
 Paulo Forlano Veronese fee. 1564." It is not so 
 accurate in form as the map of 1534; an d it is not 
 known whence Forlano drew his notions. (See ante, 
 under no. 69.) 
 
 259. A. D. 1564. Cuba by Forlano. 
 
 Kohl calls this the oldest special map of Cuba 
 which he had found. He finds names here which 
 are preserved in the Hondius map of Cuba (1607). 
 (See ante, under no. 69.)
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 49 
 
 A. D. 1566-72. 
 
 The maps of Zaltiere (ante, no. 94) and Porcacchi 
 (ante, no. 95) show how distorted a shape the gulf 
 could assume even at so late a day as this. Cf. Nar. 
 and Crit. Hist. America, ii. pp. 451, 453. 
 
 260. A. D. 1578. The Antilles by Martines. 
 
 It shows the Atlantic coast from 45 north to 3 
 south latitude. From the Martines Atlas of 1578 in 
 the British Museum. The latitudes are approx- 
 imately correct ; but the longitudes are much out of 
 the way, being stretched east and west too far. It 
 is sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America^ ii. 
 p. 229. 
 
 261-262. A. D. 1597. Central America by 
 Wytfliet. 
 
 This is from Wytfliet's Continuation of Ptolemy. 
 See Winsor's Bibliography of Ptolemy. 
 
 A. D. 1597. 
 
 The Castilia del Oro of Wytfliet is given in fac- 
 simile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 190. 
 
 263. A. D. 1597. Mexico by Wytfliet. 
 From Wytfliet's Continuation of Ptolemy. 
 
 264. A. D. 1597. Florida et Apalache of Wyt- 
 
 fliet. 
 
 From Wytfliet's Continuation of Ptolemy. It is 
 given in facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. Amer- 
 ica, ii. p. 281. 
 
 A. D. 1597. 
 
 Wytfliet's map of Cuba is given in facsimile in the 
 Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America, ii. p. 230. 
 
 265. A. D. 1601. Mexico and Yucatan by 
 
 Herrera. 
 
 From Herrera's Descripcion de las Indias (Madrid, 
 1601). The map closely agrees with the text of the 
 same book, except that in the map he calls the City 
 of Mexico 91 west long, [from Ferro?], and in the 
 text he gives it as 103 from Toledo. 
 
 A portion of it is reproduced in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, ii. p. 392. < 
 
 266. A. D. 1601. Antilles by Herrera. 
 
 A map which appeared in Herrera's Descripcion 
 de las Indias, and considered by Kohl to be the best 
 general map of the West Indies produced up to that 
 time. They are called " Yslas de la mar del Norte." 
 
 267. A. D. 1630. Florida by Dudley. 
 
 Kohl takes this from Dudley's MSS. preserved in 
 the Munich library, and not from Dudley's Arcano 
 del Mare, as published in 1646. 
 
 A. D. 1651. 
 
 Maps of New Spain, Cuba, and Hispaniola, in 
 Jannson's Minor Atlas, ii. 393, 397. 
 
 268. A. D. 1671. Jamaica by Bloine. 
 
 This is from Blome's Present State of his Majesty's 
 Isles and Territories in America, London, 1687. It 
 purports to follow surveys made by order of Sir 
 Thomas Mediford, Bart., late governor of the island. 
 
 269. A. D. 1712. Pacific Coast of Mexico. 
 
 It covers the space 8 to 17 north latitude. The 
 original was engraved by John Senex, and published 
 in London, after a Spanish map said to have been 
 captured by an English rover, Capt. Woodes Rogers. 
 The engraved map appeared in Capt. Rogers's A 
 Cruising Voyage around the World, 1708-11, London, 
 1712. The Spanish draft may have been made, as 
 Kohl thinks, about 1700. See/0-rf, under no. 289. 
 
 270. A. D. 1767. Northern Mexico by Alzate. 
 
 This follows a MS. map in the British Museum, 
 which professed to be drafted by Jose Antonio Al- 
 zate y Ramirez, after the best printed and MS. 
 authorities. It shows the explorations of Father 
 Kino about the Colorado and its affluents, and gives 
 the northern extremity only of the Gulf of Califor- 
 nia. At the top of the map, under 43, it shows the 
 " Mar o Bahia del Vest," which Juan de Fuca ex- 
 plored. (See/cw/, no. 289.) 
 
 271. A. D. 1778. New Mexico by Escalante. 
 
 A folded sheet, without annotations. 
 
 271 a . A. D. 1795. New Mexico by Juan Lopez. 
 
 From a Spanish printed map. 
 
 272. A. D. 1852. Anegada by Schomburgk. 
 
 (Virgin Islands.) 
 
 This follows surveys made by Sir Robert Schom- 
 burgk, published in the Journal of the Royal Geo- 
 graphical Society, ii. p. 152 (1852). 
 
 273. A. D. 1833. The TTsumasinta River in Cen- 
 
 tral America. 
 
 An engraved map in the Royal Geographical So- 
 ciety's Journal, iii. 59 (1833), prepared by Col. 
 Galindo. 
 
 274. A. D. 1836. Costa Rica by Col. Galindo. 
 
 From the Journal of the Royal Geog. Society, vol. 
 vi. (1836). ' 
 
 275. A. D. 1844. River Tabasco by Peter Mas- 
 
 ters. 
 
 From the Journal of the Royal Geog. Society, vol. 
 xv. (1845). 
 
 276. A. D. 1853. Samana. 
 
 The Peninsula and Bay of Samana in the Domin- 
 ican Republic, by Sir Robert II. Schomburgk, in 
 the Journal of the Royal Geog. Society, 1853.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 IX. 
 
 THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH 
 AMERICA. 
 
 #*# See ante, sections ii. and iii., ssa&post, section x. 
 
 A. D. 1513, etc. 
 
 Dr. Kohl printed an abstract of his studies on the 
 cartography of the west coast of North America in 
 the U. S. Coast Survey Report, 1855, p. 374, etc. ; and 
 there is a MS. on the subject by him in the library 
 of the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester. 
 The fullest information on the subject will be found 
 in H. H. Bancroft's North West Coast, vol. i., and in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 431, etc. 
 
 We find the earliest delineations of this coast in 
 1513 from two sources, first, from the Portuguese 
 in their efforts to place the Moluccas in relations 
 with the new continent, as shown in (post) nos. 315 
 and 316; and, second, from the maps which show 
 the discovery of Balboa, either honestly recorded as 
 in the Verrazano map of 1524 (ante, under no. 42), 
 the Maiollo (1527, under no. 39), the so-called Fer- 
 dinand Columbus (1527, ante, no. 38) and Ribero 
 maps (1529, ante, no. 41) ; or conjecturally extended 
 as in Schoner's globes of 1515 and 1520 (ante, nos. 
 34, 35), the Apian mappemonde of 1520 (no. 36), the 
 Thorne map of 1527 (no. 39), the Minister map of 
 1532 (under no. 46) ; or purposely left doubtful as 
 in the map of Reisch's Margarita philosophica, 1515 
 (ante, no. 33), the Tross gores (under no. 32), and 
 others. 
 
 A. D. 1526. 
 
 The map of the monk Franciscus, making South 
 America an island, identifies North America with 
 Asia, and substitutes the southern coast of Asia for 
 the west coast of North America. (Lelewel, Geog, 
 du May en Age, pi. xlvi.) 
 
 The map in the Sloane MSS. (British Museum), 
 illustrating the Asiatic theory of North America. 
 (Ante, no. 43.) 
 
 The Turin atlas described in the Jahresbericht des 
 Vereins fur Erdkunde in Dresden, 1870, which leaves 
 the northern extension of the coast uncertain. (Ante, 
 no. 51.) 
 
 A.D. 1532. 
 
 The cordiform map of Orontius Finasus, showing 
 the Asiatic theory of North America. (Ante, no. 46.) 
 
 A. D.I 532-40. 
 
 The map in Kunstmann, which does not go north 
 of the California peninsula. 
 
 A.D. 1534. 
 
 The Lenox wood-cut (ante, no. 47) does not go 
 north beyond the limits of Central America. 
 
 A.D. 1534-5- 
 
 The Italian mappemonde given in the Jahresbe- 
 richt des Vereins fur Erdkunde in Leipzig, 187 1, which 
 shows the coast as high as California. 
 
 A.D. 1535. 
 
 Cortes' map of the coasts about the entrance of 
 the Gulf of California, bought by the Rev. E. E. 
 
 Hale in 1883 from the Spanish Archives, of which 
 there is a heliotype in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, ii. p. 442. 
 
 A.D. 1536. 
 
 The Agnese mappemonde, which shows the Cen- 
 tral America and Mexican coasts. (Ante, no. 52.) 
 
 A MS. mappemonde in the British Museum, which 
 extends the coast northward to California. (Ante, 
 no. 52.) 
 
 A. 0.1538. 
 
 A map in the Basle edition of Solinus and Pom- 
 ponius Mela, which represents the western coast of 
 America indefinitely as " terra incognita." 
 
 A.D. 1539. 
 
 Plate xiii. in the Portolano of Charles V. (ante, 
 under no. 52), which shows the Central America 
 coast. 
 
 Plates 5v. and xiv. of the same, which extend 
 the coast above the peninsula of California. 
 
 A.D. 1540 (?) 
 
 Homem's mappemonde, which extends the coast 
 northward to the California peninsula. (Ante, no. 60.) 
 
 A. D. 1540-50. 
 
 The Nancy Globe (ante, no. 61), which follows the 
 Asiatic theory. 
 
 A. D. 1540. 
 
 Miinster's map in the Ptolemy of 1540, which con- 
 jecturally disjoins North America from Asia. (Ante, 
 under no. 52.) 
 
 Apian's map in his Cosmographia shows a similar 
 but distorted separation. (See ante, no. 62.) It 
 was repeated in the Antwerp edition of 1545, and in 
 the Paris edition of 1551. (See ante, no. 62.) 
 
 A. D. 1541. 
 
 Mercator's map in gores, giving a conjectural 
 western limit to North America. (Ante, under no. 53.) 
 
 A. D. 1540-50. 
 
 An Italian portolano, now in the Carter-Brown 
 collection, and noted in Quaritch's Catal. of Hist. 
 and Geography, 1885, no. 362, under 28,159, which 
 contains five maps showing the west coast of North 
 America, as a part of the western hemisphere, viz. : 
 
 No. vii., which resembles a map in an Atlas in 
 the Biblioteca Riccarcliana ( Jahresbericht des Vereins 
 filr Erdkunde in Dresden, 1870, pi. vi.), shows the 
 Asiatic theory. 
 
 No. ix. brings out the California peninsula, but 
 goes no farther north. 
 
 No. xi. is in gores, adheres to the Asiatic theory, 
 and resembles pi. ix. of the Jahresbericht, etc. 
 
 No. xxvii. is confined to the Central America 
 coast. 
 
 No. xxix. goes north to the peninsula of California. 
 
 277. A. 0.1541. Castillo's California. 
 
 The map published by Bishop Lorenzana in his 
 Nueva Espaiia (1770), who found it among the 
 archives of the descendants of Cortes. Domingo 
 del Castillo was a pilot in the fleet of Alarcon, who 
 explored the coast in 1540, and penetrated to the
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 head of the gulf of California and discovered the 
 Colorado river. A large part of his coast names are 
 not to be found in the accounts of Alarcon's expe- 
 dition, nor in those of the explorations of Ulloa 
 
 (1539). 
 
 Kohl speaks of this map of California as the 
 earliest known ; but he was not informed respecting 
 the map mentioned above under A. D. 1535. 
 
 Castillo's map is given in facsimile in the Nar. 
 and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 444 ; and is sketched 
 in H. H. Bancroft's Cent. America, i. 153, and North 
 Mexican States, i. Si. He gives the coast a greater 
 extension beyond the peninsula than it has in the 
 original. 
 
 A. D. 1542. 
 
 The map in Rotz's Idrography shows the Central 
 America coast. (Ante, no. 55.) See also the Ulpius 
 globe under the same number. 
 
 A. D.I 543. 
 
 The Gotha map of Baptista Agnese shows the 
 Central America and Mexican coasts. (Ante, no. 56.) 
 
 A. D. 1544. 
 
 The Cabot mappemonde carries the coast north 
 only so far as the peninsula of California. (See 
 under no. 56.) Cf. sketches in Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, ii. pp. 227, 447. 
 
 A. D. 1545. 
 
 A conjectural coast, called " Temistitan," given in 
 the mappemonde of Miinster in his edition of Ptol- 
 emy. (Ante, no. 57.) 
 
 The map in Medina's Arte de A T avegar shows only 
 the Central America coast. It is repeated in the 
 1549 edition, Libra, etc. (Ante, no. 59.) 
 
 Cf. the mappemonde, said to be on Mercator's 
 projection (?), put between 1545 and 1558, which is 
 described in F. S. Ellis's Catal. 1884, no. 174. 
 
 278. A. D. 1546. Upper California by Juan 
 
 Freire. 
 
 Part of a Portuguese portolano, which was in San- 
 tarem's possession when Kohl copied this portion 
 and no. 279, its complement. The language is partly 
 Latin, partly Spanish, but mainly a corrupt Portu- 
 guese. The drafts used by Freire were evidently, as 
 Kohl thinks, those of Ulloa and Alarcon, though he 
 must have had other material. He does not give 
 any names corresponding to the accounts of the ex- 
 plorations of Cabrillo and Ferrero (1542-43). The 
 coast is given a westerly trend, as if to connect it 
 with Asia. Kohl judges that Freire had some drafts 
 of a voyager who sailed westward, and at intervals 
 lost sight of the coast. 
 
 279. A. D.I 546. Lower California by Juan 
 
 Freire. 
 
 From the same map as no. 278. A legend on the 
 map in two places credits Cortes with the discovery 
 of this coast. Freire seems to have used Castillo's 
 chart and the reports of Ulloa and Alarcon. See 
 A r ar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 448. 
 
 A. D. 1548. 
 
 Gastalcli's map, numbered 59 in the edition of 
 Ptolemy of this year, which follows the Asiatic 
 theory ; and the " Cart a Marina " in the same. (See 
 ante, under no. 58 ; and Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 i'- 435-) 
 
 An atlas of about this time in the Biblioteca Kic- 
 carcliana at Florence is described in the Jahresbericht 
 des Vereins fur Erdkunde in Dresden, 1870, which 
 has several maps showing the west coast of North 
 America. The maps in Tab. vii. and ix. carry the 
 coast north to the peninsula of California, and one 
 of those in Tab. ix. carries it a little farther. Two 
 maps in Tab. vi. illustrate the Asiatic theory. 
 
 A. D. 1554. 
 
 The map of Bellero shows the Central America 
 and Mexican coasts. (Ante, no. 64.) 
 
 An atlas of Agnese (ante, under no. 64) gives maps 
 showing the coast from the peninsula of California 
 south. 
 
 A. 0.1555. 
 
 A French map brought forward by Jomard shows 
 a purely conventional west coast. (Ante, no. 255.) 
 
 A. 0.1556. 
 
 The map in Ramusio extends north to the penin- 
 sula of California. (Ante, no. 66.) 
 
 The map of Vopellio in Girava's Cosmographia 
 adheres to the Asiatic theory. (See ante, under no. 
 66.) There is a facsimile of the American part in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 436. Girava 
 says he used a draft by Vopellio as the basis of the 
 map, which is often wanting in copies of the book, 
 whose value, according as the map is in facsimile or 
 an original, has recently been fixed by Quaritch at 
 ^"3 10 o and 21. The edition of Girava in 1570 
 is the same, with the preliminary leaves reprinted. 
 
 A. D. 1558. 
 
 The map of Homem carries the coast north to the 
 California peninsula. (Ante, nos. 67 and 257.) 
 
 The map of Marlines, placed usually somewhere 
 in this decade (ante, no. 63) is one of the earliest to 
 contract the water supposed to separate America 
 from Asia to the dimensions of a strait. It is 
 sketched and described in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, ii. 450. 
 
 A. D. 1 560. 
 
 The map of Forlani adheres to the Asiatic theory. 
 (Ante, no. 69.) It is sketched in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, ii. 438. 
 
 A. D. 1561. 
 
 A map of Honter illustrating the Asiatic theory. 
 
 In Ruscelli's edition of Ptolemy (see under no. 69, 
 ante), a map of the western hemisphere carries a 
 definite coast line beyond the California peninsula, 
 above which a dotted coast line is marked " littus 
 incognitum." The map of " Nueva Hispania " de- 
 velops the Gulf of California and adjacent coasts. 
 
 A. D. 1 566. 
 
 The map of North America by Zaltieri (ante, under 
 nos. 69 and 94) shows the narrow strait as given in 
 the Marlines map (ante, under A. D. 1558). It is 
 given in facsimile in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. Amer- 
 ica, ii. p. 451. The claim of Kohl that it is the 
 earliest to show the straits^of Anian compels the 
 putting of a map of Marlines later than here judged. 
 
 A map of Des Liens (ante, under no. 69) gives 
 only the Central America coast.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. 1568. 
 
 The map of Diegus (Homem) turns the coast-line 
 east a little distance above the head of the California 
 peninsula. See ante, no. 70; and Nar, and Crit. 
 Hist. America, ii. p. 449 ; iv. p. 92. 
 
 A. D. 1569. 
 
 The great map of Mercator (ante, under no. 71). 
 It established more effectually the type of the strait 
 of Anian as prefigured by Martines and Zaltieri. It 
 is sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 di. p. 452. 
 
 A. D. 1570. 
 
 The Ortelius map follows Mercator's. (Ante, no. 
 72, and /AST", no. 324.) 
 
 A. D. 1572. 
 
 The Porcacchi map also gives a similar strait of 
 Anian. (Ante, under nos. 72 and 95.) It is sketched 
 in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 453. 
 
 A. D. 1574. 
 
 Forlani's map. (See post, no. 325.) The map in 
 Gallaeus' Enchiridion (ante, under no. 72) follows 
 the Mercator type. 
 
 A. D. 1576. 
 
 The map in Humphrey Gilbert's Discourse (ante, 
 no. 74) has a coast little resembling any other map, 
 but gives the strait of Anian. 
 
 280. A. D. 1578. California by Martines. 
 
 It shows the coast from 10 to 55 north, with 
 " Giapan " and a part of the Asiatic coast. It is 
 from the Martines Atlas in the British Museum, 
 made between 1568 and 1578, at Messina, though 
 Martines seems to have been a Spaniard. The out- 
 line of the gulf of California is much less accurate 
 than in earlier maps. 
 
 This is a different atlas from the one of i55-(?), 
 mentioned ante under A. D. 1558. A sketch of the 
 Central America coast of the 1578 atlas is given in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 229. 
 
 A. D. 1578. 
 
 The map in Best's Frobisher is rudely delineated. 
 (Ante, no. 78.) 
 
 A. D. 1 580. 
 
 The map of Dr. Dee (ante, no. 96) carries the coast 
 above 40 N. Lat. 
 
 A. D. 1582. 
 
 Lok's map leaves the coast uncertain above the 
 peninsula of California. (Ante, no. 97.) 
 
 The map of Popclliniere's Trois Mondes is of the 
 Mercator (1569) type. 
 
 A. D. 1587. 
 
 The Myritius map follows the Asiatic theory. 
 (Ante, no. 79.) 
 
 A. D. 1587. 
 
 The Hakluyt-Martyr map carries the coast well 
 up to the Arctic region. (And; under no. 79.) 
 
 281. A. D. 1592. California (Moliueaux's 
 Globe). 
 
 From the globe in the Middle Temple, London. 
 Sir Francis Drake's track is pricked upon it, and is 
 taken perhaps from Drake's charts, now lost. It 
 shows Drake to have gone as far north as 48. The 
 general trend of the coast is more northerly than 
 westerly, as on earlier maps. There is a sketch in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 455. 
 
 282. A. D. 1593. Northwest Coast by C. de 
 Judaeis. 
 
 A map from Cornelius de Judaeis's Speculum 
 Orbis Terrce, 1 593, and called " Quivirae Regnum," 
 which is the name on a protuberance of the coast 
 line in 40 N. lat. ; while a larger protuberance in 
 60 is called " Anian Regnum." Northwest of this 
 last peninsula, under 70, is a pinnacle-rock, in the 
 sea, which marks the " Polus Magnetis." An in- 
 scription in the interior notes that oxen and cows, 
 which have the hump of a camel, and the tail and 
 feet of lions, frequent the woody plain. (Ante, no. 98.) 
 
 A map of the same date in the Libri of Maffeius. 
 (Ante, under no. 83.) 
 
 A. D. 1597. 
 
 De Bry's map, giving the conventional view of the 
 time. See enumeration ante, under no. 84. 
 
 The Arnheim edition of Ptolemy has the following 
 maps showing the west coast of North America: 
 
 No. 2, the western hemisphere, much like the 
 Mercator type. 
 
 No. 28, the straits of Anian. 
 
 No. 29, a mappemonde, giving the west coast in 
 the conventional manner of the period. 
 
 No. 32, the North Pacific, showing an indefinite 
 " Pars Americas." 
 
 Nos. 34 and 35, the western hemisphere, with a 
 Pacific coast of the Mercator type. 
 
 The map of Porro (ante, no. 85) distinguishes this 
 edition from the Cologne edition of Ptdlemy of the 
 same year. 
 
 Wytfliet's continuation of Ptolemy contains several 
 maps showing the west coast. 
 
 No. i. The western hemisphere shows the straits 
 of Anian. This map is given in facsimile in the 
 Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 459. 
 
 No. 13. " Granata nova et California" develops 
 the region of the California peninsula, and a fac- 
 simile of the map of the gulf is given in the Nar. 
 and Crit. Hist. America, ii. 458. 
 
 No. 14. " Quivira ct Anian," showing the region 
 from Cape Blanco north. 
 
 A. D. 1598. 
 
 The mappemondes in Wolfe's Linschoten and in 
 Minister's Cosmographia of the current type for the 
 west coast of North America. (Cf. ante, under nos. 
 84 and 86.) 
 
 The Italian Ortelius, published at Brescia, gives a 
 map of the current type for this coast, and one which 
 clings to the Asiatic theory, being about the last in- 
 stance of such views. 
 
 A. D. 1600. 
 
 The map in the America of Metullus has the Wyt- 
 fliet type. (Ante, under no. 87.) 
 
 A. D. 1601. 
 
 The maps of Herrera and Quadus. (Ante, nos. 
 88 and 99.)
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 53 
 
 283. A. D. 1602. The California Coast after 
 
 Viacaino. 
 
 The coast from Cape Mendocino to Cape St. 
 Lucas. It is composed from the 32 charts of the 
 coast which Viscaino made, and which were depos- 
 ited in the Spanish Archives, when the editors of 
 the voyage of the Spanish vessels, " Sutil " and " Mex- 
 icana," brought the present sketch to light, basing it 
 on those lesser charts. 
 
 Cf. sketch in Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iii. p. 
 75 ; and reproduction in Atlas para el Viage de las 
 goletas Sutii y Mexicana (1802), by Dionysio Alcala- 
 Galiano. 
 
 284. A. D. 1602. The same. 
 A less perfect sketch. 
 
 A. D. 1603. 
 
 The maps in Botero's Relaciones, one of the 
 world, the other of the western hemisphere, are of 
 the Mercator type. The Italian edition was in 1595. 
 (See ante, under no. 84.) 
 
 A. D. 1604. 
 
 Buache engraved in 1754 a Spanish map of 1604, 
 made at Florence by Mathieu Neron Pecciolen, which 
 shows the gulf of California and adjacent coasts. 
 It is also in the Encyclopedie published at Paris in 
 1777 (supplement). 
 
 A. D. 1606. 
 
 The map in Cespedes' Regimiento de navegaeion 
 leaves the northwest coast partially indeterminate. 
 (Ante, no. 89.) 
 
 A. D. 1613. 
 
 The map illustrating the narrative of Ferdinand 
 de Quir in the Detectio Freti of Hudson, edited by 
 H. Geritsz, gives an unusual width to the straits of 
 Anian. 
 
 The Mercator-Hondius atlas contains a map of 
 the world, another of America, both by Hondius, 
 and one of America by Michael Mercator. They 
 all show the straits of Anian, but the protuberant 
 coast of America has no marked feature except the 
 gulf of California. Similar features mark the map 
 of Hondius, which he based on the results of the 
 voyages of Drake and Cavendish (ante, no. 91), and 
 the map of Oliva (ante, no. 90). 
 
 A. D. 1622. 
 
 The map in Kasper van Baerle's edition of Her- 
 rera is thought to be the .earliest to return to the 
 original belief that the peninsula of California was 
 an island. The history of this latter belief is traced 
 in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. 461, etc. 
 The same 1622 edition of Herrera at the same time 
 repeats the map from the original edition of 1601, 
 which presents the peninsular form for California. 
 
 A. D. 1625. 
 
 The map accompanying the treatise by Briggs in 
 Purchas's Pilgrimes (ante, no. loo). It is sketched 
 in II. II. Bancroft's North Mexican States, \. 169. 
 It makes California an island. Cf. H. H. Bancroft's 
 Northwest Coast, i. 103, 104. 
 
 A. D. 1626. 
 
 The map in John Speed's Prospect makes Cali- 
 fornia an island, and carries the main coast above it 
 by a dotted line. 
 
 A. D. 1630. 
 
 The map in De Laet's Nieuwe Wereldt. (Ante, 
 no. 92.) 
 
 285. A. D. 1630. Northwest Coast by Dud- 
 
 ley. 
 
 From Dudley's Arcane- del Mare, 1630. Kohl 
 judges from the original MS. draft of this map pre- 
 served in Munich, in which the latest date men- 
 tioned is 1621, that Dudley made this map but a few 
 years later. Dudley seems not to have been aware 
 of Viscaino's drafts. His inscriptions credit the 
 discovery of the coast, which he calls " Regno di 
 Quivira," to Sir Francis Drake in 1579. He shows 
 " Asia" on the west edge of the map, as " La grand 
 isla di Jezo," and his notes at Munich say that Dud- 
 ley got his knowledge of that region from the Jesuits 
 in Japan. See facsimile in Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, ii. p. 465. This is plate no. xxxiiii. Plates 
 xxxi. and xxxii. represent California as a peninsula. 
 In his Liber ii. (p. 19), a map of " Nuova Albione " 
 extends from a vague " golfo profondo " (with an 
 " I. de Cedros " at its entrance) to Cape Mendocino. 
 
 Kohl gives 1630 as the date of the Arcano, but 
 no earlier edition than 1646 has come under my 
 observation; though the book in a smaller shape 
 and of that earlier date is said to exist. 
 
 286. A. D. 1630. Gulf of California by Dudley. 
 
 This is, as Kohl says, from the MSS. of Dudley 
 at Munich, and not from his Arcano del Mare. The 
 names are mostly Italian, but a few are in Spanish. 
 He represents California as a peninsula. It does 
 not appear whence he got his views. 
 
 A. D. 1635. 
 
 The Salstonstall English edition of the Hondius- 
 Mercator atlas has a map of America, which is a 
 reduction from the map in the 1613 edition of the 
 atlas. 
 
 A. D. 1636. 
 
 The Hexham English edition of the Hondius- 
 Mercator atlas has two maps showing the west coast 
 of North America. In both California is an island ; 
 in one there is, and in the other there is not, a break 
 in the main coast line opposite the head of the 
 island. 
 
 A. D. 1637. 
 
 A map in Le Monde of D'Avity, sketched in H. H. 
 Bancroft's Northwest Coast, i. 108. 
 
 A. D. 1640. 
 
 The alleged explorations of Bartolome de Fonte 
 at this time gave rise, after the publication of the story 
 in 1708, to various conjectural maps of the west coast 
 of North America, prominent among which are the 
 renderings of Delisle and Buache, 1752-53, and the 
 map of Jefferys. 
 
 The indications of this venturesome cartography 
 are noted in H. H. Bancroft's Northwest Coast, vol. 
 i., and in the A\ir. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 
 462, 463. See post, under A. D. 1752-53.
 
 54 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. 1646. 
 
 Dudley's Arcano del Mare. See ante, nos. 285, 
 286. 
 
 The two maps of Petrus Kcerius (1646) in Speed's 
 Prospect of the most Famous Parts of the World (Lon- 
 don, 1668), show the geographical confusion of the 
 time In one California is an island, with a fixed 
 coast above, to the straits of Anian ; in the other, 
 California is a peninsula, and there are alternative 
 coasts north of it, in half-shading. 
 
 A. D. 1651. 
 
 A map in Jansson's Atlas Minor makes California 
 a peninsula, indicates north of it a doubtful passage 
 to the north sea, and further west delineates the 
 " Fretum Anian." 
 
 A map in Speed's Prospect (edition of 1676) makes 
 Cape Mendocino the northern point of California 
 island, with a break in the coast of the main land 
 opposite, while another Cape Mendocino is drawn 
 still further north. 
 
 A map of Virginia by Virginia Farrer (facsimile 
 in Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, iii. 465) makes the 
 coast of New Albion (Drake's) lie at the base of the 
 western slope of the Alleghanies, narrowing the con- 
 tinent to a few days' journey. 
 
 A. D. 1652. 
 
 Maps of the same cartographer, called in one N. 
 I. Visscher and in the other N. I. Piscator, make 
 California a peninsula, and indicate the straits of 
 Anian. 
 
 A. D. 1655. 
 
 Wright in his Certain Errors in Navigation has 
 an insular California. 
 
 287. A. D. 1656. Sanson's California. 
 
 California is shown as an island, a view, as Kohl 
 thinks, introduced by Purchas (ante, under A. D. 
 1625 ; but see under A. D. 1622) in the map which he 
 gives as found among some Spanish charts captured 
 by the Hollanders. The country inland is called 
 " Nueva Mexico " in the north, and " Nueva Gra- 
 nada " in the south. The " Rio del Norte," on which 
 Santa Fe is placed, runs into the gulf of California ; 
 and this river continued to have this course given to 
 it till Coronelli, as Kohl says, directed it to the gulf 
 of Mexico. The map is reproduced in the supple- 
 ment of the French Encydopedie for 1777. 
 
 Sanson repeated his draft in 1657, making the 
 main coast end with " Aguhela de Cato ; " and in 
 his L'Amerique (1657-83) he puts a " Terre de 
 Jesso " northwest of the insular California. 
 
 A. D. 1659. 
 
 The map in the Hist, of the World by Petavius 
 (Petau) gives an insular California and the usual 
 break in the main coast opposite its northern ex- 
 tremity. 
 
 A. D. 1661. 
 
 In Van Loon's sea-atlas the map " Nova Granada 
 en 1'Eylandt California " gives a strait of Anian a 
 little higher up than the island, and puts a " Terra 
 incognita " beyond it. 
 
 A. D. 1663. 
 
 The map " Americas nova descriptio " in Heylin's 
 Cosmografhie (1669, 1674, 1677) carries above a point 
 
 opposite the head of the island of Calfornia a dotted 
 line, which, farther above, branches in three con- 
 jectural directions. 
 
 A. D. 1670-71. 
 
 Blome follows Sanson. In Montanus and Ogilby, 
 California is an island (ante, section vi., A. D. 1670- 
 73). Ogilby's map is sketched in H. H. Bancroft's 
 Northwest Coast, i. no. 
 
 A. D. 1683-1704. 
 
 Hennepin sometimes makes California an island, 
 sometimes a peninsula. Blaeu about this time had 
 the same hesitancy. 
 
 288. A. D. 1 68-? New Mexico by Coronelli. 
 
 An imperfect draft, without Kohl's annotations. 
 It represents California as an island. The " Rio del 
 Norte " becomes the " Rio Bravo," and flows to the 
 Mexican gulf. 
 
 Coronelli's globe of 1683 makes California an 
 island. 
 
 A. D. 1684. 
 
 Franquelin's great map shows only a part of Cali- 
 fornia, but he marks it as an island. (Ante, section 
 iii., A. D. 1681-84.) 
 
 A. D. 1694. 
 
 Jaillot has California an island, with " Terra de 
 Jesso " northwest of it. (Post, no. 328.) 
 
 A. D. 1695. 
 
 A map of Guillaume Delisle represents a " Mer de 
 1'Ouest " lying on the parallel from Cape Mendo- 
 cino to Lake Superior, but he gives it no defined 
 connection with the Pacific, while the straits of 
 Anian are delineated with coast lines extended but 
 a short distance on either side. This map was pub- 
 lished by the younger Delisle in 1752. 
 
 About the close of the century Covens and Mor- 
 tier of Amsterdam published what are known as the 
 Carolus Allard atlases. One of these represents 
 California as an island, and a " Terra Esonis " north 
 of it, with a strait at either extremity, that on the 
 west separating it from " Yedso," apparently a part 
 of the Asiatic coast. 
 
 A. D. 1698. 
 
 Edward Wells in his New Sett of Maps gives the 
 island of California with a " supposed straits of 
 Anian " just north of its upper end, but he omits all 
 coast lines above it. 
 
 A. D. 1700. 
 
 Delisle makes California a problematical penin- 
 sula. 
 
 289. A. D. 1701. Gulf of California by Father 
 
 Kino. 
 
 Shows the results of the explorations of Father 
 Kiihn, a German, whose name was changed by 
 the Mexicans to Kino, as Kohl says, instigated 
 by the Jesuit Salvatierra. The map shows the con- 
 victions of Kino, that California was a peninsula, 
 rather than a demonstration from his own explora- 
 tions. __ He published his map originally in the Let- 
 tres Edifiantes, vol. v. (1705), and it is called 
 " Passage par terre a la Californie. Decouvert
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 55 
 
 par le Rev. Pere E. F. Kino, Jesuite, depuis 1698 
 jusqu'a 1701." 
 
 See Father Kino's explorations indicated in the 
 map of Alzate. (Ante, no. 270.) 
 
 Kino's map was re-engraved by Buache in Paris 
 (1754), by Sayer in a map of North America pub- 
 lished in London, in the supplement of the French 
 Encylopedie (1777), by Marcou in Report of the Chief 
 of Engineers, U. S. A. (1878), and in H. H. Ban- 
 croft's North Mexican States, i. 499. Cf. Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 467. 
 
 A. D. 1705. 
 
 The map in Harris's Collection of Voyages, repro- 
 duced in H. H. Bancroft's Northwest Coast, i. 114. 
 California is an island. 
 
 A. D. 1707. 
 
 Vander Aa's map is sketched in H. H. Bancroft's 
 Northwest Coast, i. 115. 
 
 A. D. 1712. 
 
 A Spanish map of the Pacific coast of Mexico is 
 described, ante, no. 269. 
 
 A. D. 1715-1717. 
 
 Delisle varied in his drafts of California, being 
 undecided on the evidence ; and in the latter year, 
 while he made it a peninsula, he cut the coast line 
 north of it by a great gulf, " Mer de 1'Ouest," ex- 
 tending inland indefinitely. 
 
 A. D. 1719. 
 
 Homann of Nuremberg made an insular Cali- 
 fornia, with an entrance to a supposed gulf oppo- 
 site with an island in the middle of the passage. 
 
 A. D. 1720. 
 
 The Atlas geographicus of Seutter, Augsburg, re- 
 tains the Californian island, separated by a pas- 
 sage, " Fretum Anian hie esse creditur," from 
 " Terra Essonis." 
 
 A. D. 1726. 
 
 The map in Shelvocke's Voyages professed to rep- 
 resent current opinion in making California an 
 island. Similar maps about this time were issued 
 by Vander Aa of Amsterdam. 
 
 A. D. 1727. 
 
 Herman Moll, the Englisn geographer, gives the 
 island and the straits north of it, with no coast line 
 beyond. 
 
 A. D. 1728. 
 
 The map in Herrera, making California a penin- 
 sula, carries the coast up to Cape Mendocino. 
 
 290. A. D. 1740. The California Coast. 
 
 A map of the North Pacific was found by Anson 
 in 1742, on board a Spanish ship captured by him on 
 the China coast. It was engraved on a reduced 
 scale in Anson's Voyage Round the World, London, 
 1748. It was next embodied by Jefferys in his map 
 of the North Pacific, and of this the present map is 
 a copy. Jefferys, however, made some additions to 
 the original Spanish map. He says of this proto- 
 
 type, that it is scarcely reconcilable with other charts 
 and journals, as to the names and situations of 
 places. The English cartographer also pricks out 
 the tracks across the Pacific of Gaetan (1542), Men- 
 dana (1568), Francisco de Gualle (1583), Cavendish, 
 Spilbergen (1616), Fronolat (1709), and of the track 
 each way of the " Nuestra Senora de Cabodonga " 
 (1743), the ship captured by Anson. Jefferys calls 
 the northern parts of the coast the Chinese " Fou- 
 sang," while Kohl believes that debatable region to 
 have been Japan. 
 
 A. D. 1741. 
 
 Oldmixon's British Empire in America still gave 
 an insular California, with a dotted coast line above, 
 broken by the straits of Anian, as drafted by 
 Moll. 
 
 H. H. Bancroft's Northwest Coast, i. 124, gives a 
 Russian chart. 
 
 291. A. D. 1743. California. 
 
 The map mentioned under no. 290, as engraved 
 in Anson's Voyages. 
 
 A. D. 1743. 
 
 Bellin's map in Charlevoix makes California a 
 peninsula, with a break in the coast farther north 
 marked " Aguilar." He supposes an interior net- 
 work of waters connecting Hudson's Bay and Lake 
 Superior with the Pacific, at some point still farther 
 north. Cf. the map in Bonnechose's Montcalm et le 
 Canada f ran i^ais, Paris, 1882. 
 
 A. D. 1744. 
 
 Map in Arthur Dobb's Account of Countries Ad- 
 joining Hudson's Bay. The Pacific coast above Cape 
 Blanco is marked as unknown, but a passage called 
 Rankin's Inlet is supposed to connect with Hudson's 
 Bay. There is a sketch in H. H. Bancroft's North- 
 west Coast, i. 123. 
 
 292. A. D. 1746. The Gulf of California by 
 
 Consag. 
 
 The Jesuit father, Fernando Consag, explored the 
 eastern coast of the California peninsula, and mak- 
 ing the circuit of the north end of the gulf, reached 
 the Colorado river, and proved for the first time by 
 actual observation that California was a peninsula. 
 The present is Consag's map of the gulf, made after 
 his explorations. It is sketched in H. H. Bancroft's 
 North Mexican States, i. 463, and his Northwest 
 Coast, \. 125, 126. 
 
 A. D. 1746. 
 
 A map published by the successors of Homann 
 retains the peninsular California with the entrance 
 above, marked "Aguilar." 
 
 Another German map published by Covens and 
 Mortier, Introduction a la Geographic, gives an insu- 
 lar California, with a " Detroit d'Anian," supposed 
 to connect, through a " Mer glaciale," with Button's 
 Bay, a part of Hudson's Bay. 
 
 A. D. 1747. 
 
 The maps in Bowen's Geography give a peninsular 
 California with indications of a strait above Cape 
 Mendocino, but the parts above are marked " un- 
 discovered."
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. 1748. 
 
 Bellin connected Lake Superior with the Pacific 
 by a chain of waters. 
 
 A. D. 1750. 
 
 Robert de Vaugondy in his Amerique Septentri- 
 onale makes California a peninsula, and marks a 
 passage above as discovered by Martin d'Aguilar. 
 
 A. D. 1752-53. 
 
 Delisle and Buache were making maps of the 
 coast above the peninsula of California, cut up fan- 
 tastically with passages of one kind and another, 
 connecting the Pacific with the Great Lakes and 
 Hudson's Bay, in vain attempts to reconcile with 
 positive knowledge the accounts of Maldonado, De 
 Fuca and De Fonte. Delisle's map is reproduced 
 in H. H. Bancroft's Northwest Coast, i. 128. 
 
 The " Mer de 1'ouest," supposed to be an interior 
 sea, reached by passages from the Pacific, figures 
 largely in these maps, and the imaginary draft of it 
 by Buache is reproduced in J. B. Laborde's Mer du 
 Sud, Paris, 1791, and in the supplement of the 
 French Encyclopedic, 1777. Cf. Dobb's Northwest 
 Passage (1754). Other cartographical solutions of 
 this problem will be found in Samuel Engel's Me- 
 moires sur la situation des pays septentrionaux ( Lau- 
 sanne, 1765); in his Extraits raisonnes des Voyages 
 fails dans les parties septentrionales de I'Asie et de 
 r Amerique (Lausanne, 1765, 1779) ; and in William 
 Doyle's Account of the British Dominions beyond the 
 Atlantic (London, 1770). 
 
 See post, nos. 334, 339. 
 
 293. A. D. 1753. The Northwest Coast, by T. 
 
 Jefferys. 
 
 From Cape St. Lucas to 60 n. lat. An incom- 
 plete sketch. Shows New Albion and the dis- 
 coveries of Drake. A supposed large island to the 
 west in mid ocean is marked as seen or suspected to 
 exist by Behring in 1728, and Tschirikow in 1741. 
 He gives a river supposed to connect the Pacific 
 with lake Winnipeg. 
 
 294. A. D. 1758. Alaska. 
 
 Map of discoveries made by Russian vessels, which 
 was published by the Academy at St. Petersburg in 
 1759, showing the voyage of Behring and Tschiri- 
 kow. The Aleutian islands are shown as combined 
 to form a supposable broad peninsula. The " Rivi- 
 iere de los Reyes de 1'Admiral de Fonte" (1640) is 
 marked " pretenda; " and the inlet held to be found 
 by De Fuca in 1592 is indicated, but not continued 
 inland. The entrance found by d'Aguilar in 1603 is 
 made by dotted lines to connect with the " R. de 
 1'Ouest." 
 
 A. D. 1760. 
 
 An entrance to an interior passage in the north- 
 west is given in L' Amerique par les S rs . Sanson, 
 rectifiee par le S r . Robert. It is given in Vander Aa's 
 Galerie agr cable du Monde, vol. i. 
 
 A. D. 1761. 
 
 II. II. Bancroft's Northwest Coast, i. 130, gives a 
 Japanese map. 
 
 A. D. 1762. 
 
 Jefferys in delineating the northwest coast puts an 
 entrance supposed to have been found in 1592 by 
 Juan de Fuca to the south of " Fousang." 
 
 Janvier in the Atlas Moderne indulges in all the 
 freaks that Delisle and Buache had made in dealing 
 with the alleged voyages of De Fonte and the others. 
 
 A. D. 1763. 
 
 The " Mer de 1'Ouest " and other uncertainties are 
 found in the Carte d' Amerique pour I 'usage du Roi en 
 1722 par Guil. Delisle, augmentee par Phil. Buache, 
 Paris, 1763. 
 
 A. D. 1767. 
 
 Map by Alzate (ante, no. 270). A Jesuit map of 
 the peninsula of California in the supplement of the 
 French Encyclopedic, 1777. 
 
 A. D. 1768. 
 
 Jefferys' map of the De Fonte narrative, given 
 also in the supplement of the French Encydoptdie 
 (1777), and in H. H. Bancroft's Northwest Coast, 
 i. 131. 
 
 A. D. 1772. 
 
 Vaugondy's Carte de la Californie, reproduced in 
 the supplement of the French Encyclopedie (1777). 
 
 A. D. 1774-1790. 
 
 Copies of maps in the Hydrographic Office, Ma- 
 drid, now in the Department of State, Washington, 
 marked Viages de los Espaholes a la costa norveste de 
 la America en los anos de 1774-1775-1779, 1788 y 
 1790. 
 
 295. A. D. 1775. Upper California by Maurelli. 
 
 The chart of Antonio Morelli, who accompanied 
 an expedition sent out in 1775 by the Viceroy of 
 Mexico. Bodega, who commanded one of the ves- 
 sels, discovered a harbor just north of San Fran- 
 cisco, and named it after himself. Kohl copies in 
 this a transcript of a chart preserved in the Spanish 
 Archives, which transcript, attested by Navarrete, is 
 in the Department of State at Washington. It pur- 
 ports to be drawn from observations made by Bo- 
 dega, commander of the " Sonora," and by Maurelli. 
 There are no indications of De Fuca's straits on it. 
 
 A. D. 1775. 
 
 A map by Jefferys delineates the coast from New 
 Albion to Mount St. Elias, indicating several open- 
 ings, but not carrying them inland. 
 
 A. D. 1776. 
 
 A map by Jefferys p^es a protuberant coast line 
 at the northwest, named "America," the northern 
 part of which he marks "according to the Japan- 
 ese," while south of that he designates it as land 
 " seen by Spangenberg, 1728." " Alashka " is made 
 an island lying west of it, with Behring's straits sep- 
 arating it from Asia. 
 
 See post, no. 336. 
 
 296. A. D. 1777. San Francisco and Monterey 
 
 by Junipero Serra. 
 
 After a map in the British Museum inscribed : 
 " Piano mappa del viage hecho dcsde Monterey al 
 gran puerto de S. Francisco ... P. F. Petrus Font 
 fecit, anno 1777." Supposed, in the pricked track 
 upon the drawing, to represent the journey of Don 
 Jose Moraza, about the bay of San Francisco, and to 
 record his surveys. Kohl supposes the imperfect
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 delineation of the Monterey waters to follow earlier 
 surveys. 
 
 A. D. 1778. 
 
 The map in Carver's Travels thrortgh the Interior 
 Parts of North America in 1766-1768, London, 1778. 
 It shows the New Albion coast, with vague indica- 
 tions of the straits of Anian and the Western sea. 
 It is sketched in H. H. Bancroft's Northwest Coast, 
 
 i- !33- 
 
 Captain James Cook's map of his explorations on 
 the northwest coast, published in his Voyage to the 
 Pacific Ocean, 1776-1780. 
 
 297. A. 0.1782. Upper California by Mascaro. 
 
 The coast is shown from Cape Mendocino to San 
 Diego. From a MS. Spanish map in the British 
 Museum. The tracks of the expedition by land of 
 Juan Baptista de Ansa and others are noted by 
 pricked lines. 
 
 298, 299. A. D. 1782. New Mexico by Mas- 
 
 caro. 
 
 A tracing from the original in the British Museum, 
 and an imperfect draft of the same, without annota- 
 tions by Kohl. 
 
 300. A. D. 1782. Port of San Diego. 
 
 Published in 1802, in the accounts of the voyage 
 of the " Sutil y Mexicana." 
 
 A. D. 1782. 
 
 Janvier's map preserves the great Sea of the West, 
 with two entrances, one passed by Aguilar, the 
 other by De Fuca. It is sketched in H. H. Ban- 
 croft's Northwest Coast, i. 135. 
 
 A. D. 1786. 
 
 The maps of La Perouse in his Voyage autour dit 
 Monde. H. H. Bancroft, Northwest Coast, i. 176, 
 sketches one of them. 
 
 
 
 301. A. D. 1787. Old and New California by 
 
 Diego Francisco. 
 
 Shows the gulf of California and the Pacific coast 
 north to San Francisco. Made to show the travels 
 of Junipero Serra, the president of the missions of 
 California. The bounds between New and Old 
 California are laid down as an east and west line 
 from the coast, just south of San Diego, to the head 
 of the gulf of California. A road is indicated as 
 connecting all the missions. 
 
 A. D. 1787. 
 
 The map in George Dixon's Voyages Round the 
 World, 1785-1788, part of which is given in H. H. 
 Bancroft's Northwest Coast, i. 180. 
 
 302. A. D. 1791. Port of Monterey. 
 
 From the atlas of the " Sutil y Mexicana " voyage. 
 
 303. A. D. 1791. The Straits of Juan de Fuca. 
 
 Part of a MS. chart of Vancouver's Island and 
 surrounding waters, obtained from Mexico, and pre- 
 served at Washington. It shows the Spanish sur- 
 veys of Francisco Elisa, or his deputy, Alferez 
 Quimper. It is given in the Reply of the United 
 
 States (1872) on the San Juan boundary; and H. H. 
 Bancroft's Northwest Coast, \. 242, gives part of it. 
 Cf. other maps of Elisa, Ibid. i. pp. 245, 247. 
 
 304. A. D. 1791. Friendly Cove, Vancouver'a 
 
 Island. 
 
 From the map published in the account of the 
 voyage of the " Sutil y Mexicana." See post, no. 310. 
 
 305. A. D. 1791. Queen Charlotte's Island by 
 
 Captain Ingraham. 
 
 From the MS. report of Captain Ingraham, pre- 
 served in the Department of State, Washington, 
 the same named by Captain Gray in 1790, " Wash- 
 ington Island." 
 
 A. D. 1791. 
 
 Map in Marchand's Voyage autour du Monde, part 
 of which is given in H. H. Bancroft's Northwest 
 Coast, i. 256. 
 
 A. D. 1791. 
 
 Georg Forster's Nordwestkiiste von America, show- 
 ing the " Grosser Nordlische Archipelagus Lazari," 
 with "Juan de Fuca's Einfahrt." 
 
 306. A. D. 1792. Quadra and Vancouver's 
 
 Island by Ingraham. 
 
 From the same report as no. 305. Cf. H. H. Ban- 
 croft's Northwest Coast, i. 278. 
 
 307. A. D. 1792. California Coast. 
 
 Shows the coast from 17 to 48 n. lat, following 
 part of a Spanish chart in the archives at Wasning- 
 ton, which came from Mexico. See no. 309, /w/. 
 
 308. A. D. 1792. California Coast. 
 
 The map in the Atlas para el Viage de las Goletas 
 Sutil y Mexicana en 1792, published in 1802, under 
 the editing of Navarrete, the ships being com- 
 manded by Valcles and Galiano. The map maker 
 profited by the surveys of Vancouver, who had pub- 
 lished his results meanwhile. 
 
 309. A. D. 1792. North west Coast. 
 
 A continuation northward of the chart, no. 307. 
 
 310. A. D. 1792. Friendly Cove by Captain 
 
 Ingraham. 
 
 From Ingraham's report, already cited. 
 
 311. A. D. 1792. Vancouver's Island and the 
 
 Oregon Coast. 
 
 From the Atlas of the '' Sutil y Mexicana" expe- 
 dition. 
 
 A. D. I792-93- 
 
 H. H. Bancroft in his Northwest Coast, vol. i., gives 
 the following maps : 
 
 1792. Ilaswell's map of Noqtka (p. 262). 
 
 1792. Caamafio's map (p. 209). 
 
 1792. Galiano's map (p. 272). 
 
 1792. Vancouver's maps (pp. 276, 280). 
 
 1793. Vancouver's map (p. 292).
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. 1793. 
 
 The map in William Goldson's Observations on 
 the Passage behveen the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, 
 in two Memoirs on the Straits of Anian and Dis- 
 coveries of De Fonte. 
 
 A. D. 1812-1813. 
 
 Carta general (Pacific ocean) for Jose de Espinosa. 
 Londres ano 1812 ; Corregida en 1813. 
 
 312. A. D. 1854. 
 
 An engraved Karte des Russischen Amerika ge- 
 zeichttet von H. J. Holmberg, 1854, which appeared in 
 the Ethnographische Skizzen iiber die Vb'lker des Rus- 
 sischen America von H. J. Holmberg, Helsingfors, 
 
 X. 
 
 THE NORTHERN PACIFIC OCEAN 
 AND ITS COASTS. 
 
 **# See section ix. 
 
 313. A. D. 1457. China and Japan. 
 
 From a Chinese treatise, Yik-tung-che t in the 
 British Museum. Shows eastern coast of China 
 and the islands of Japan and Lew-Chew. Korea 
 is in the north. 
 
 314. A. D. 1490. Eastern India, from the Ptol- 
 
 emy of 1490. 
 
 The furthest point to the west is the gulf of 
 Ganges. The Pacific coast is cut off by the right- 
 hand edge of the map, and this is, in Kohl's opinion, 
 the shore Columbus believed that he was skirting in 
 sailing along the gulf-side of Central America. The 
 name Cattigara, here on the land at the right-hand 
 edge of the map, Kohl says he finds in early maps 
 on the west coast of South America. See Winsor's 
 Bibliog. of Ptolemy. 
 
 315. A. 0.1513. Pacific Ocean. 
 
 A Portuguese map. The west coast of America 
 is unindented, and runs nearly northwest from 4 
 south latitude. The Moluccas and the southeast pe- 
 ninsula of Asia are shown. Follows a chart pre- 
 served in the Military Museum at Munich. Kohl 
 supposes it to embody the explorations of Antonio 
 da Miranda de Azevedo in 1513, who joined at the 
 Moluccas an earlier expedition (1511-1512) by Fran- 
 cisco Serraoto those islands. This map is sketched 
 in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 440. See 
 section ix., under A. D. 1513. 
 
 316. A. D. 1518. (?) Pacific Ocean. 
 
 On the extreme west are the " Ilhas de Maluqna," 
 on the extreme east the coast discovered by Balboa 
 in 1513, and beyond the coast of Yucatan, Honduras, 
 Cuba, Florida, etc. In mid-ocean there is nothing. 
 The original is a Portuguese chart in the Military 
 Museum at Munich. Kohl supposes it to have been 
 made about the time Magellan's fleet was fitting out, 
 and that it probably represents that explorer's views 
 of the ocean which he was going to seek. The gulf 
 of Mexico is left open towards the Pacific. The 
 Pacific is made about 100 broad. Sketched in the 
 A T ar, and Crit. Hist. America, ii. 217. 
 
 317. A. D. 1536. The Moluccas by Baptista 
 
 Agnese. 
 
 From the atlas of Agnese in the British Museum. 
 Kohl suspects that Agnese used the maps brought 
 back by Del Cano from Magellan's expedition, be- 
 cause there are traces of Spanish in the names, and 
 none of Portuguese. The names in Pigafetla's nar-' 
 rative of Magellan's voyage are found here ; and the 
 islands are placed in relation to each other as to di- 
 rection and distance as in that report. The Moluc- 
 cas seem to be curiously duplicated, the one draft 
 of them being 15 east of the other. 
 
 318. A. D. 1 536. Eastern Asia by Agnese. 
 
 From the same Atlas as no. 317. It shows the 
 two great southern peninsulas of Asia, and the coast 
 of China. 
 
 319. A. D. 1542. Eastern Asia by Rotz. 
 
 "The Indies of Orient," from Rotz's Bake of 
 Idrography in the British Museum. It shows the 
 two great Asiatic peninsulas, the islands of Java, 
 etc., and what seem to be the northern parts of Aus- 
 tralia; and this, in Kohl's opinion, is the earliest 
 instance of the recognition of that region on a map. 
 (Ante, no. 55.) 
 
 320. "A. D. 1543. Asia. 
 
 Shows the whole of Asia. From the Polyhistoria 
 of Solinus. The southeastern part becomes a conti- 
 nental peninsula, as in the ancient maps. The 
 editor of Solinus, Tsingrinus, did not recognize the 
 fact, as Kohl thinks, that the Portuguese had already 
 on their maps broken up this extension into the 
 East Indian Archipelago. In the northeast corner 
 of the map is a coast, " Terra incognita," which 
 seems to be a recognition of the west coast of 
 America. 
 
 321. A. D. 1550. Japan and the China Coast 
 
 by Freire. 
 
 From a portolano by Juan Freire, inspected 'by 
 Kohl while in the hands of Santarem. In his notes, 
 Kohl says that some of the maps in it are dated 
 1546, though this one is undated; but he believes it 
 to have been made about 1550. It was in 1543 or 
 1 54 5 that the Portuguese under Ferdinand Mendez 
 Pinto reached Japan ; but their commercial inter- 
 course began in 1549, when their missionary Xavier 
 reached the island. This was a type of the contour 
 of the Japanese coast common in European maps 
 before the Dutch reformed the shape of it about 
 100 years later. 
 
 322. A. D. 1 558. China and the Moluccas by 
 
 Diego Hornem. 
 
 From Homem's MS. atlas in the British Museum. 
 As a Portuguese, Homem's knowledge of the China 
 coast was superior to that of any other existing 
 record, and better than that employed by Ortelius 
 and Mercator much later. 
 
 323. A. D. 1568. The East India Islands by 
 
 Martines. 
 
 The chief name on the map is " Isoli Maluchi." 
 He gives the upper coast of an Antarctic continent 
 marked " discoperta novamente." The map is less 
 accurate than Homem's. (See ante, no. 322.)
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 59 
 
 324. A. D. 1 570. Straits of Anian and Neigh- 
 
 boring Lands by Ortelius. 
 
 From the Theatrum orlns terramm, Antwerp, 1570. 
 Kohl says that for all north of 40 (Japan) Ortelius 
 had no authority but Pliny, Ptolemy, Marco Polo, 
 and the geographical traditions of his time. An 
 " Oceanus Scythicus " is given above 58 N. lat., 
 bounded westerly by a northern peninsula of Asia. 
 America lies wholly south of the same ocean. The 
 peninsula of California is drawn, but represented 
 very broad; the gulf is called "Mar Vermeio." 
 Japan is longest east and west, and lies midway 
 between Asia and America. The sea contracts 
 above Japan, in 48 N. lat., forming the straits of 
 Anian (" Stretto cli Anian"). He gets "Quinci," 
 "Mangi," "Mare Cin," from Marco Polo. The 
 map is called "Tartarian sive Magni Chami regni 
 typus." 
 
 The straits of Anian seem to be earliest indicated 
 on the Marlines map (ante, in section ix., under 
 A. D. 1558). Various later maps in that section 
 show the changing notions respecting the straits of 
 Anian. 
 
 325. A. D. 1574. Anian and Quivira by Forlani. 
 
 A small, incomplete sketch of Forlani's map (with- 
 out comment by Kohl), showing the straits of Anian 
 separating "Anian Regnum" from " Quivir," with 
 " Isle di Giapan," stretching east and west between 
 the Asiatic and American coasts. It is sketched in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 454. 
 
 A. D. 1583-1600. 
 
 The Japanese map in the Sloane collection, British 
 Museum. 
 
 326. A. D. 1592. Northeastern Asia and Japan 
 
 from Molineaux's Globe. 
 
 Extract from the globe in the Middle Temple, 
 London. The contour of Japan follows Portuguese 
 sources. 
 
 A. D. 1597. 
 
 No. 28 of the Arnheim edition of Ptolemy, show- 
 ing the straits of Anian. (See ante, section ix., 
 under A. D. 1597) ; no. 32, showing the North Pacific. 
 (See Ibid.) 
 
 327. A. D. 1609. China and Japan. 
 
 From a MS. sketch on vellum in the British 
 Museum, purporting to have been sent from Madrid 
 in 1609. 
 
 328. A. D. 1636. Japan. 
 
 Called " Perfecte Karte van de gelegentheijdt des 
 Lanclts van lapan." It is taken from a book pub- 
 lished in 1636 (three years before the Portuguese 
 were expelled from Japan by the Dutch), entitled 
 Rcchte Beschryvinge van hct mactigk Koninghrijk ran 
 Japan (Lucas and Caron). The island is repre- 
 sented as connected by a neck with the continental 
 " Landt van Jesso." 
 
 The explorations of the Dutch gave rise to the 
 belief in a large island lying in the north Pacific, 
 between America and Asia, called the island of 
 " Jesso," with the supposed straits of Anian on the 
 east, and the " Detroit de Vrics " on the west. It 
 clung for some time to the maps. Cf. A\ir. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, ii. pp. 463, 464, where is a fac- 
 
 simile of the map of Hennepin, as repeated by Cam- 
 panius. There are other indications of it in maps 
 noted in section ix., after this date. (See post, no. 
 33-) 
 
 329. A. D. 1700. Northeastern Asia by 
 Ysbrand Ydres. 
 
 Made from explorations of this agent of the Rus- 
 sian government, and published as " Nova Tabula 
 Imperil Russici." " Kamzatza " is a small river of 
 the region, which ought to show the peninsula of 
 Kamtschatka, but instead shows a rectangular cape, 
 with the Pacific shore running north and south, and 
 the Arctic shore east and west. 
 
 330. A. D. 1706. Terra de Yesso by Lugtenberg. 
 
 A curious configuration of North America is 
 bounded on the north by Hudson's bay, connecting 
 by the straits of Anian with the Pacific. North of 
 these straits, and west of Hudson's bay and Baffin's 
 bay, is an elongated (east and west) "Terra de 
 Yesso," separated at the west end by the " Straet de 
 Vries " from Yedso, a part of Asia, of which Japan 
 is a southern peninsula. He supposes " Yesso " to 
 be the country of the Lost Tribes, and the route by 
 which America was peopled from Asia. A chain of 
 smaller lakes connects the Great Lakes of Canada 
 with the Pacific. (See ante, no. 328.) 
 
 331. A. D. 172- (?) Kamtschatca by Homann. 
 
 Published by J. B. Homann in Nuremberg. Evi- 
 dently made before Bearing's expedition in 1728. It 
 purports to be based on the reports of Russian 
 caracks and sable hunters. The peninsula is ex- 
 tended too far south, and Homann seems to con- 
 found it with Jesso. The northern end of Niphon 
 or Japan is shown. The mouth of the Amur 
 (Amoor) is shown. 
 
 332. A. 0.1721. Northern and Eastern Asia 
 
 by Laiige. 
 
 Without annotation. 
 
 333. A. D. 1728. North Eastern Asia by 
 Behring. 
 
 Without annotation. 
 
 334. A. D. 1750. Northern Pacific by Delisle 
 
 and Buache. 
 
 "Carte des nouvelles decouvertes au nord de la 
 mer du Sud, drcssee sur les memoires de M. de 
 L'Isle par Philippe Buache, et presente a 1'acade- 
 mie des Sciences par M. De L'Isle, 1750." Delisle 
 worked up his memoir in St. Petersburg, with the 
 aid of Russian reports and surveys. The tracks of 
 Behring, Spanberg, and others are laid down. Bu- 
 ache has tried on the American side to reconcile the 
 reports of De Fonte with the later Russian dis- 
 coveries, and gives a large inland " Mer de 1'Ouest," 
 the archipelago of St. Lazare and connecting inland 
 waters, and the "lac de Velasco." He also puts 
 down the supposed land seen by De Gama in mid- 
 ocean, as also seen by Tschirikow and Delisle in 1741. 
 
 See section ix., under A. D. 1752-53. 
 
 335. A. D. 1761. Shores of ttye Northern Ocean. 
 
 The map in Coxe's Russian Discm'erics, London, 
 1803, showing the exploration of the Russian Shal- 
 aurof in 1761. Cf. map of the Northern Pacific with 
 Russian discoveries, in London Magazine, 1764.
 
 6o 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 336. A. D. 1768. Russian America. 
 
 The results of the official Russian expedition 
 under Lt. Sind in 1764-68, as shown in a map made 
 by a Russian geographer, Von Staehlin. " Alaschka " 
 is made a large island, lying off the coast of North 
 America, this point of northwestern America being 
 severed on the map from the main. Burney thinks 
 that in constructing this map the chart of a Russian, 
 Ivan Levow, was used. 
 
 See ante, section ix., under A. D. 1776. 
 
 337. A. D. 1769. Kamtchatka and the Fox 
 (Aleutian) Islands by Krenitzin and Le- 
 vasheff. 
 
 From Coxe's Russian Discoveries, London, 1803. 
 The northernmost of these islands is called " Alaxa 
 Island," but it has a clotted line for its northern 
 coast, and is really the point of Alaska. 
 
 338. A. D. 1775. Russian America by Jefferys. 
 
 Founded on no. 336, ante ; but Jefferys continues 
 the northern coast of America according to the 
 Japan map given by Kempfer to Hans Sloane. 
 
 See ante, under A. D. 1583-1600. 
 
 339. A. D. 1775. Northern Pacific by Engel, 
 
 Vaugondy, and Buache. 
 
 " Carte de comparaison des plans systematiques 
 de Mr. M. Engel et de Vaugondy sur le Nord-Est 
 de 1'Asie et le Nord-Ouest de 1'Amerique avec des 
 cartes modernes. Par J. N. Buache, 1775." Engel 's 
 outlines are given in red, Vaugondy's in black, 
 Buache's in blue. The longitude varies with them 
 as much as 40 in some places. 
 
 See ante, section ix., under A. D. 1752-53. 
 
 XI. 
 
 THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN AND 
 NEIGHBORING WATERS. 
 
 *#* See sections!., iv., v., and vi. 
 
 340. A. D. 1450. The Northern Coast of Europe. 
 
 From a mappemonde found in the " Museum 
 Borgianum," and supposed to be made by a German. 
 The island " Anglia" and " Scotia" is shown. 
 
 341. A. D. 1534. Scandinavia by Bordone. 
 
 From the Isolario de Benedetto Bordone, Venice, 
 1534, the earlier edition having appeared in 1528. 
 It shows the Baltic, the Scandinavian peninsula 
 with " Engronelant " (Greenland) lying north of it, 
 and connected by an isthmus with northwestern 
 Europe. (Ante, nos. 48, 103.) 
 
 342. A. D. 1540. North-western Europe, from 
 
 the Ptolemy published at Basle. 
 
 The north Atlantic is confined on the east by 
 Norway, on the north by a neck called " Gronland, 
 i. e. Virens terra," and 6n the west by " Terra nova 
 sive de Baccalaos, (Bacalhos)," whose coast is in- 
 terrupted at the northwest by a square or vignette. 
 " Island, Thyle " is a large island in the midst of 
 this ocean. In the extreme north, beyond the land, 
 is the " Occanus Hypcrboreus." An inscription 
 south of the " Gronland " isthmus reads : " Capi- 
 unter hie Stockfish." (Ante, no. 52, A. D. 1540.) 
 
 343. A. D. 1548. North-western Europe. 
 
 From the map known as the Dauphin, or Henri 
 II., which Kohl used while in Jomard's possession. 
 It shows the Baltic, and a large vaguely defined 
 country to the north marked " Groolande " (Green- 
 land), and on its northern coast " Vinllapie " (Fin- 
 lapland). Cf. ante, no. 156. 
 
 344. A. D.I 546. Scandinavia. 
 
 Shows the Baltic, " Suecia," and "Islamda" (Ice- 
 land). From a MS. atlas by Juan Freire, in the 
 possession, when Kohl took it, of Santarem. One 
 branch of the Baltic is made to connect with the 
 northern ocean. Kohl suggests from the fact that 
 the names in the north are Portuguese, or at least 
 not Scandinavian, that the Freire did not use north- 
 ern drafts. (Ante, no. 152.) 
 
 345. A. D. 1567. Scandinavia by Olaus Magnus. 
 
 From an engraved map in the history of Scandi- 
 navia by Olaus Magnus, which represents geographi- 
 cal knowledge, as Kohl thinks, of a much earlier 
 date. A peninsula in the northwest part of the 
 map, extending to 82 n. lat., is marked " Grunt- 
 londia," and a legend says : " Hie habitant pigmei 
 vulgo Screlinger dicti," recognizing the Scandinavian 
 name of the Eskimo. (Ante, no. 106, A. D. 1567.) 
 
 346. A. D. 1570. North Atlantic by Stephanius. 
 
 From Torfasus's Grbnlandia Antiqua, and marked 
 " Sigurdus Stephanius delineavit, Anno, 1570." The 
 draft was seemingly based on records or traditions 
 of early Scandinavian voyages to the west from Ice- 
 land, which here is placed as " Island " in the centre 
 of the map. On the west the coast of Norway is 
 called " Biarmaland." North of this, a narrow 
 strait is shown as connecting with water known to 
 the Russians, or running towards their country. On 
 the north is " Jotunheimar " and " Riseland " (land 
 of giants) ; on the west a long cape, " Heriolfsness," 
 seems to be Greenland's southern point ; at the 
 southwest a cape stretches northward which is 
 marked " Promontorium Vinlandias," which Kohl 
 thinks may have been Newfoundland. Between 
 this and Greenland lie (going south) " Helleland," 
 (stony land), " Marklancl " (woody land), and 
 " Skraelingeland " (land of dwarfs). 
 
 Kohl gives a sketch of this map in his Discovery 
 of Maine. (See ante, no. 106, A. D. 1570.) 
 
 347. A. D. 1570. The North Atlantic. 
 
 Torfceus, who gives this map, says of it : "Jonas 
 Gudmundi films delineavit, vir curiosus Islandus." 
 Kohl thinks it follows Scandinavian traditions. The 
 north Atlantic is shown as landlocked, except there 
 is a narrow strait connecting with the Arctic sea, 
 north of the Scandinavian peninsula, and a con- 
 tracted continuation of the ocean at the south, be- 
 tween "Gallia" and a land, the northern part of 
 which is seen, and called " America," " Terra Flor- 
 ida," " Albania," etc. Above this is another chan- 
 nel, running west from the enclosed ocean. The 
 west and north of this ocean is bounded by a land 
 marked (going north) " Wester Bygd," " Oster 
 Bygd," " Kroksfiorderheide," " Risaland," and " Hel- 
 leland." 
 
 See no. 351, post. 
 
 348. A. D. 1 595. Nassau Strait by Barentz. 
 
 From De Bry, third part of the Oriental series, or 
 Minor Voyages, published at Frankfort, 1601. Kohl
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 6l 
 
 assigns the surveys on which this map is constructed 
 to the second voyage of Barentz in 1595. The map 
 was re-engraved in the Begin ende Voortgange van de 
 Oost-Indische Compagnie, 1646, vol. I., p. 6. The 
 strait is that south of Nova Zembla, separating it 
 from the main. 
 
 349. A. D. 1595. 
 
 Northern Europe by Lin- 
 schoten. 
 
 This is from the engraved map in Part 10 of the 
 same series of De Bry (1613). Linschoten accom- 
 panied Barentz in his expedition of 1594- It follows 
 the coast from the eastern shore of Norway to be- 
 yond Nova Zembla. 
 
 350. A. D. 1597. Kova Zembla by De Veer. 
 
 From the map in the third part of the same series 
 of De Bry (1601). Gerhard de Veer was with 
 Barentz on his three northern voyages. A facsimile 
 of this map, Caerte van Nova Zembla . . . door Gerrit 
 de Veer, is given in the Three Voyages of Willem 
 Barentz, published by the Hakluyt Society in 1876, 
 as well as in that society's Three Voyages by the North 
 East, published in 1853. 
 
 351. A. D. 1606. North Atlantic. 
 
 From Torfaeus's Gronlandia Antiqua, 1606, where 
 it is called: "Delineatio Gronlandize Gudbrandi 
 Torlacii, Episcopi Holensis." It resembles some- 
 what no. 347, ante ; but the land called "America" 
 in that is here named " Estotilanclia." " Gron- 
 landia " is better drawn, of which the east shore is 
 marked: " Latus orientale Groenl. inhabitatum." It 
 is sketched in Kohl's Discovery of Maine, p. 109. 
 
 352. A. D. 1613. Northern Russia and Nova 
 
 Zembla by De Bry. 
 
 From Part 10 of the same series of De Bry, pub- 
 lished in 1613. It purports to be taken from a Rus- 
 sian map, and the language of that to be translated 
 into Latin. 
 
 The map by Isaac Massa is reproduced in the 
 Hakluyt Society volumes, The three Voyages of Wil- 
 lem Barentz (1876) and Three Voyages by the North 
 
 353. A. D. 1773. North-western Europe, Spitz- 
 bergen and Greenland by Phipps. 
 
 It shows the ocean north of 50, and west of the 
 meridian running through Iceland ; a part of Green- 
 land is projected above 71. From the map given 
 by Constantino John Phipps in his Voyage towards 
 the North Pole, London, 1774. 
 
 354. A. D. 1818. North Atlantic by Buchan. 
 
 It shows Iceland, Norway, Spitzbergen, and the 
 east coast of Greenland. It is taken from the chart 
 in F. W. Bcechey's Voyage of Discovery towards the 
 North Pole, performed in his Majesty's SJiips Doro- 
 thea and Trent, under the command of Capt, D. 
 Buchan, London, 1843. 
 
 *** Cf. the enumeration of Arctic maps in the British Mu- 
 seum Catal. of Engraved Maps, 1885, column 175. 
 
 XII. 
 
 SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 *#* See section ii., ante, and xiii.jo xvi.,/0rf. 
 
 A. D. 1515. 
 
 Schoner's early globe, of which there are drawings 
 of the South American parts in Ruge's Zeitalters der 
 Entdeckungen (p. 461), and in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, vol. viii. Cf. ante, nos. 34 and 35, 
 and the Nordenskibld gores of the early part of the 
 sixteenth century, figured in that author's Globkarta 
 fran Borjan of sexton de selket, and in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii. 
 
 355. A. D. i54o(?). South America. (French.} 
 
 Part of a MS. mappemonde in the British Mu- 
 seum, supposed to have been made by order of 
 Francis I. for the Dauphin. Cf. Malte Brun, Hist, 
 de la Geographie (Paris, 1831), vol. i., p. 630. The 
 general name of the continent seems to be La Terre 
 dti Bresil, which convinces Kohl that the map-maker 
 used Portuguese sources, which is also apparent 
 from the Portuguese flavor of the French names on 
 the map, where French is used. There are, how- 
 ever, Spanish legends in some parts, as on the east 
 coast of Patagonia. There are no names on the 
 coast of Chili, which leads Kohl to think that the 
 map could not have been made long after 1535, 
 when that coast became well known. The Amazon 
 is not represented except in its mouth ; and as 
 Orellana did not explore it till 1543, intelligence of 
 his voyage had not reached, it would seem, the 
 draughtsman. The La Plata connects with the Ama- 
 zon's mouth, making an island of the most easterly 
 part of the continent. There is a sketch of it in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii. 
 
 A. D. 1544. 
 
 Cabot's mappemonde. (See ante, section ii., sub 
 1544.) A sketch of the South American part is 
 given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii. 
 
 A. D.I 545-49- 
 
 Medina's Arte de navegar (1545) had a map of 
 South America, cut off above the La Plata. This 
 same cut was pieced out to include Magellan's straits 
 in the edition of 1549. A facsimile of this last is 
 given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii. 
 
 A. D. 1 548. 
 
 The " Carta Marina " of the Ptolemy of this year. 
 See ante, under no. 58. A facsimile of this map is 
 given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii. 
 
 356. A. D. i55o(?). South America. 
 
 From a Spanish portolano preserved in the Bod- 
 leian Library, at Oxford. Indications of towns 
 founded after 1550 would probably put the date of 
 the map about 1560, as Kohl indee'cl says in his an- 
 notations, but he gives the date "about 1550" in 
 the title of it. The interior of the continent is 
 rather fancifully laid out, and the coasts are not so 
 well made out as on contemporary Portuguese charts. 
 What seem to be the Falkland islands are called 
 "yas de S. anton." * 
 
 357. A.D. i55o(?). 
 
 A less perfect draught of the same.
 
 62 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. 0.1554. 
 
 The Bellero map. See ante, no. 64. There is a 
 facsimile of it in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 vol. viii. 
 
 A. D. 1556. 
 
 Map in Ramusio; repeated in the edition of 1565. 
 See ante, no. 66. There is a facsimile in the Nar. 
 and Crit. Hist. America, vol. ii., p. 228. 
 
 358. A. D. i55~(?). South America. (French.} 
 
 From a MS. map once in the possession of M. 
 Jomard. Kohl thinks it a French map made after a 
 Portuguese original, and that it resembles the Nico- 
 las Vallard map of 1547. The general name of the 
 continent is Amerique. There being no trace of 
 Villegagnon's settlement in Brazil in 1556, Kohl puts 
 its date earlier than that year. 
 
 A. D. 1561. 
 
 The maps in the Ruscelli edition of Ptolemy. 
 See ante, under no. 69. 
 
 359. A. D. 1562. South America by Gutierrez. 
 
 After an engraved map, thought by Kohl to be 
 the earliest on so large a scale, and called, " Ame- 
 rican sive quartos orbis partis exactissima descriptio. 
 Auctore Diego Gutierro, Philippi regis Ilisp. Cos- 
 mographi. H. Coch excud. 1562." It shows neither 
 latitude nor longitude. The serpentine course of 
 the Amazon is like the delineations of Homem, and 
 the river bears the names reported by Orellana. 
 South of the Amazon, and between it and the La 
 Plata, is the Rio de Maranon, which is made to rise 
 in lake Titicaca, and empty into the Atlantic. The 
 Magdalena River was known after 1538, but it fails 
 of recognition on this map, which is sketched in the 
 Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii. 
 
 A. D. 1569. 
 
 The great Mercator map. See ante, under no. 71. 
 
 A. D. 1570. 
 
 The Ortelius atlas. See ante, no. 72. 
 
 A. D. 1572. 
 
 The Porcacchi map. See ante, under no. 72. 
 
 360. A. D. i57-(?). South America by Forlani. 
 
 The printed map of Paulo di Forlani in the British 
 Museum, without date. It is called La Descrittione 
 di tutto il Pern. The name of Peru does not other- 
 wise occur on it. The eastern extremity is called 
 " Terra del Brasil." The northwest corner is marked, 
 " Castiglia del Oro." The Orinoco country is called 
 "La nova Andalucia." The longitude is reckoned 
 apparently from Pico in the Azores. There is a 
 copy of the original in Harvard College Library, 
 after which a facsimile was made in the Nar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii. 
 
 361. A. D. 1574. South America by Forlani. 
 
 The map has an Italian inscription, which is to 
 this effect : " I met some months since in Venice a 
 certain Don Diego Hermano, a gentleman of noble 
 family, and had with him some talks on geography. 
 He presented to me a sketch, showing voyages of 
 
 exploration, and this drawing I have engraved. 
 Venice, Dec. 14, 1574. Paolo dei Furlani." Kohl 
 thinks this map precedes no. 360. 
 
 A. D. 1574. 
 
 The Enchiridion of Philippus Gallaeus. See ante, 
 under no. 72. 
 
 A. D. 1578. 
 
 The Martines map. See ante, no. 77. 
 
 362. A. D. i58s(?). South America by Doete- 
 
 clium. 
 
 A MS. map in the British Museum, signed " Jo- 
 annes a Doetechum fecit." The legends on the 
 map are in Latin ; but the names on the Brazil coast 
 are in Portuguese, and on the other coasts in Spanish. 
 Cordova, founded in 1573, is put down, and this 
 affords an anterior limit for the date of the map. 
 The name " Rio de buena Sarres " leads Kohl to 
 think that the town Buenos Ayres (1580) had not 
 been founded when the map was made, and he does 
 not know the ground for the date 1585!?), adopted 
 in the Museum catalogue. The Paraguay (called 
 Parana) runs from Lacus Eupana, which has con- 
 nection also through various channels with the At- 
 lantic, above and below Cape St. Augustine. The 
 map is cut off just north of Patagonia, and is held 
 by Kohl to have been used by Hondius in his map, 
 made shortly after 1600. The " Rio Grande " (Mag- 
 dalena) is developed more than on any earlier map, 
 as Kohl says. The Orinoco is a mere coast stream. 
 There is a sketch of this map in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, vol. viii. 
 
 A. D. 1587. 
 
 The map in Hakluyt's Paris ed. of Peter Martyr. 
 See ante, no. 80. 
 
 363, 364. A. D. 1592. South America by De 
 
 Bry. 
 
 An imperfect sketch, and a tracing. 
 
 365. A. D. 1593. South America by Judseis. 
 
 From an engraved map by Cornelius Judasis, 
 called Brasilia et Penii'ia. The Orinoco is a small 
 stream. The La Plata is made to rise in the " La- 
 guna del Dorado." 
 
 A. D. 1593. 
 
 Map of Maffeius. See ante, under no. 83. 
 
 A. 0.1597. 
 
 The maps in Wytfliet's continuation of Ptolemy 
 (see ante, under no. 85), and in the editions of Ptol- 
 emy at Cologne and Arnheim (see ante, under no 
 84). 
 
 A. D. 1598. 
 
 The map in Mtinster's Cosmographia. See ante, 
 no. 86. 
 
 366. A. D. 1599. South America by Linschoten. 
 
 From an engraved map in Linschoten's A r ai>igatio 
 in Indiam Oricntalem. The La Plata rises in the 
 " Laguna del Dorado."
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 A. D. 1599. 
 
 Hulsius's " Nova et exacta delineatio Americae 
 partis australis " in the I'era hiitoria of Schmiclel, 
 Amsterdam, 1599, part of which is given in facsimile 
 in the A r ar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii. 
 
 367. A. D. i6oo(?). South America. 
 
 It shows the continent between the northern 
 limits of Brazil and the upper parts of Patagonia. 
 After a MS. map in the Depot de la Marine at Paris. 
 Para, near the mouth of the Amazon, founded soon 
 after 1620, is not indicated, and the course of the 
 Amazon is not improved upon the type fashioned 
 after the reports of Orellana in 1542. Near lake 
 Titicaca is a legend about the explorations of Nuflo 
 de Chaves, in 1557-1560. The names and inscrip- 
 tions are nearly all Spanish, with an admixture of 
 Portuguese in Brazil. The designations of the 
 oceans and a few other names are French. These 
 features indicate a French draughtsman, wqrking on 
 Spanish and Portuguese models. 
 
 A. D. 1601. 
 
 Map in Ilerrera. See ante, no. 88. 
 
 A. D. 1603. 
 
 The map in Botero's Relaciones. See ante, under 
 no. 84. 
 
 A. D. 1606. 
 
 Map in the Regimiento de Navegacion of Cespedes. 
 See ante, no. 89. 
 
 368. A. D. i6io(?). America Meridionalis. 
 
 F'rom the Hondius- Mercator Atlas, Amsterdam, 
 1630. The map is without date. The great An- 
 tarctic Continent, " Terra del Fogo," would indicate 
 that it was made before Lemaire's voyage in 1615. 
 No draughtsman's name is attached to the map, but 
 Kohl conjectures that it was made by Hondius. 
 Kohl calls it the most correct map at its date. Lake 
 Titicaca connects with the Amazon. The " Eupana 
 Lacus " connects south with the La Plata, north 
 with the Amazon, and east with the Atlantic. The 
 continent is made 60 broad. 
 
 See the Hondius map in the Mercator Atlas of 
 1613, and in Purchas, iii. p. 882. 
 
 A. D. 1613. 
 
 The map in the Detectionis Freti, etc. 
 The map of Joannes Oliva in the British Museum. 
 See ante, no. 90. 
 
 A. D. 1625-30. 
 
 See De Laet, ante, no. 92. 
 
 A. D. 1635. 
 
 See the Mercator Atlas, ante, under no. 100. 
 
 A. D. 1651. 
 
 Jamison's Atlas Minor, ii. 401. 
 
 369. A. D. 1660. South America by Allard. 
 
 In the Orinoco he follows Visscher ; in the Ama- 
 zon, Acuna. The river Xanca in Peru is made the 
 source of the Amazon. He records Bromver's pas- 
 sage between Staten island and Tierra del Fuego, in 
 1643. 
 
 A. D. 1663. 
 
 Heylin's Cosmographia. 
 
 370. A. D. 1680-81. South America by Sharp. 
 
 The map is called " A description of the South 
 sea and Coasts of America, Containing the whole 
 navigation to all those places at which Capt. Sharp 
 and his Companions were in the years 1680 and 
 1681." Sharp's track of circumnavigation is pricked 
 on the map. The southern point reached by him 
 was 58 25', where he saw no land. He went much 
 to the southeast of Staten island, called by him 
 Albemarle island. The map is copied from Rin- 
 grose's Buccaniers of America, 2d ed. London, 1684. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 NORTHERN PARTS OF SOUTH AMER- 
 ICA. 
 
 * # * See sections ii. and xii., ante. 
 
 371. A. D. 1525. North Coast of South Amer- 
 ica by Loreiiz Friess. 
 
 One of the twelve sheets of a wood-cut map, made 
 in 1525, but not published till 1530, and based, it is 
 thought, on maps of Waldseemiiller, as he had also 
 used that geographer's maps in the 1522 edition of 
 Ptolemy. The main inscription on the continent is 
 " Das niiv erfunde land." Kohl thinks the informa- 
 tion used was not very recent in 1525. It is sketched 
 in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, ii. p. 218. 
 
 372. A. D. 1528. 
 
 Terra de Santa Croce by 
 Bordone. 
 
 From the first edition of Bordone's Isolario, 1528. 
 It is called, " Terra de santa croce, over Mondo 
 nuovo." He considers South America an island, 
 having no connection with Asia or with North 
 America. "C. S. X." is the designation put for 
 the present Cape St. Augustine, and Brazil is called 
 "Paria." He had only heard reports of Balboa's 
 and Magellan's discoveries, and he omits the south- 
 ern parts of the continent. The map is supposed 
 to have been made in 1521. There is a sketch of it 
 in the A r ar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii. 
 
 373. A. D. 1542. Northeast Coast of South 
 
 America by Rotz. 
 
 From his Boke of Idrography in the British Mu- 
 seum. Kohl thinks from the names that Rotz de- 
 rived more help from Portuguese than from Spanish 
 sources. The two chief names along the coast are 
 " Coste of Brazil " and " Coste of Caniballis." It 
 extends from Trinidad to below Cape St. Augustine. 
 
 374. A. D. i595(?). Amazon and Orinoco. 
 
 It shows the coast from the mouth of the Amazon 
 to Panama, and the watersheds of the Amazon and 
 Orinoco. The original MS. map was acquired by 
 the British Museum in 1845, and Kohl is inclined to 
 believe it the identical map made when Ralegh was 
 on the Orinoco, or a contemporary copy of his map. 
 The original is on vellum, and Kohl thinks that the 
 manner of execution points to a date earlier than 
 1600. The extent of the map corresponds to the 
 map which Ralegh tells us he made of the country, 
 and the geographical features correspond with his 
 narrative, including the " Lake of Manoa."
 
 64 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 375. A. D. 1596. Orinoco. 
 
 A small sketch of the coast from Venezuela to the 
 mouth of the Amazon. 
 
 376. A. D. 1619. Guiana from De Bry. 
 
 Kohl's annotations are erased. 
 
 377. A. D. i62-(?). Orinoco by N. Visscher. 
 
 Sketch of the Orinoco valley, with adjacent coasts, 
 and part of Lacus Parime. 
 
 A. D. 1651. 
 
 Northwest parts of South America, in Jannson's 
 
 Alias Minor, ii. 407. 
 
 378. A. D. 1656. Guiana by Sansou. 
 
 From the " Carte de la Guyana et Caribane, aug- 
 mentee et corrigee suivant les dernieres Relations 
 par Sanson d'Abbeville, 1656." Kohl thinks Sanson 
 used drafts brought away by the French when they 
 left Cayenne in 1653. It shows in the interior a 
 large " Lac ou Mcr, que les Caraibes appelent 
 Parime." This draft remained the best one of the 
 interior of Guiana till D'Anville's map in 1729. 
 
 379. A. D. 1669. Guiana by Thelot. 
 
 Made at Frankfort on the Main by T. P. Thelot, 
 attached to an account of Guiana, published in 1669. 
 The map is called, " Guiana sive Amazonum regio." 
 The usual extensive "Parime Lacus," with its city 
 of " Manoa," appears. 
 
 380. A. D. 1694. Surinam by Van Keulen. 
 
 From the Zee-Atlas of Van Keulen. 
 
 381. A. D. 1729. French Guiana by D'Anville. 
 
 From an engraved map based on reports of M. 
 Milhan. It shows the country for about seven 
 leagues around Cayenne. 
 
 382. A. D. 1729. French Guiana by D'Anville. 
 
 From 1635, when the French first had possession, 
 down to 1676, when their possession was assured, 
 and during later periods down to 1729, there were 
 French surveys of the country, of which D'Anville 
 had the use. Up to this date little was known of 
 the interior beyond what the Fathers Grillet and 
 Bechamel learned in explorations in 1674. 
 
 383. A. D. 1730. Venezuela by D'Anville. 
 
 Depending on Spanish reports. The coast is still 
 inaccurate. 
 
 384. A. D. 1741. Orinoco Valley by Gumilla. 
 
 The map is called, " Mapa della Provincia y Mis- 
 siones de la Compania de I. H. S. de Nuevo Reyno 
 de Granada." From an engraved map accompany- 
 ing Gumilla's work on the Orinoco Country. Kohl 
 thinks it hardly an improvement on the Ralegh map 
 (ante, no. 374). It shows the " Laguna de Parima." 
 
 385. A. D. 1751 (?). North Part of Soiith Amer- 
 
 ica by Breutano and La Torre. 
 
 This map, without date, was made, in Kohl's opin- 
 ion, not long after 1744, and is entitled, "Provincia 
 Quitensis Societatis Jesu in America cum tribus 
 cadcm finitimis, a PP. Carolo Brentano et Nicholas 
 
 de la Torre. Romse." A legend at the point where 
 the Orinoco and Rio Negro (branch of Amazon) 
 become confluent says that this connection was dis- 
 covered in 1744, by Father Emanuel Roman, Su- 
 perior of the Orinoco missions. The Portuguese 
 had found it out, however, the year before. The 
 course of the Orinoco seems to be copied from 
 Gumilla. 
 
 386. A. D. 1775. Sources of the Orinoco by 
 
 J. de la Cruz Cano. 
 
 A small imperfect sketch. 
 
 387. A. D. 1830. Massaroony River by Hill- 
 
 house. 
 
 A branch of the Essequebo river. An engraved 
 map in the Joiirnal of the Royal Geographical So- 
 ciety, iv. (1834). 
 
 388. A. 12.1832. British Guiana by Alexander. 
 
 From an engraved map in the Journal of the Royal 
 Geographical Society, ii. (1832). The best map, be- 
 fore Schomburgk reformed the geography of the 
 country. 
 
 389. A. D. 1834. Fart of British Guiana. 
 
 An engraved map by Hillhouse in the Journal of 
 the Royal Geographical Society, iv. (1834). 
 
 390. 391, 392. A. D. 1836. British Guiana by 
 
 Schomburgk. 
 
 country from i to 9 N. lat., and from 56 to 6o c 
 W. longitude. No. 392 gives with minuter detail 
 and according to later explorations, the part between 
 i and 5 N. lat., and follows an engraved map in 
 Ibid.,. (1845). 
 
 XIV. 
 
 SOUTHERN PARTS OF SOUTH AMER- 
 ICA. 
 
 *V* Cf. sections ii. and xii. 
 
 393. A. D. 1521. Straits of Magellan by Figa- 
 fetta. 
 
 From the engraved map in Amoretti's edition of 
 Pigafetta's narrative of Magellan's voyage, published 
 at Milan, 1800. There is a facsimile of this map in 
 the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. ii., and a 
 sketch in Ibid., vol. viii. 
 
 A. D. 1529. 
 
 Pvibero's mappemonde. See ante, no. 41. A 
 sketch of Magellan's straits from it is given in the 
 Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii. 
 
 A. D. 1531. 
 
 Finaeus's mappemonde. The southern hemisphere 
 is reproduced in Wieser's Magalhdes-Strasse, p. 66, 
 and in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii. 
 
 A. D.I 533. 
 
 The southern hemisphere of Schoner is figured in 
 Wieser's Magalhaes-Strasse, and in the A'ar. and 
 Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii,
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 394. A. D. 1546. Patagonia and Magellan's 
 
 Straits by J. Freire. 
 
 From a portolano which was in Santarem's pos- 
 session when used by Kohl. While the east coast 
 of Patagonia and the straits have a nomenclature 
 traceable to Magellan's voyage, Kohl does not find 
 any original source for the names on the west coast, 
 which runs north on the map to 27 S. lat. Kohl 
 is mistaken in supposing Magellan did not run up 
 the west coast before turning westward. Pigafetta's 
 map shows that he did. Kohl quotes Gomara's 
 statement that Camargo, in 1540, was the first to 
 bring to Europe certain news of the Pacific coast 
 between the straits and Peru, and thinks that Freire 
 may have had Camargo's charts. There is a sketch 
 of this map in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 vol. viii. 
 
 A. D. 1547. 
 
 A sketch from the Nicolas Vallard map is in the 
 Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii. See ante, 
 no. 154. 
 
 A. D. 1578. 
 
 Hondius's map illustrating Drake's voyage is re- 
 produced in Kohl's Magellan' s-Strasse. 
 
 395. A. D. 1579-80. Sarmiento's Discoveries. 
 
 From a MS. Spanish map in the British Museum, 
 showing the surveys of Pedro Sarmiento among the 
 coast islands on the west coast of Patagonia. It 
 does not show his researches further south within 
 Magellan's straits, which leads Kohl to suspect that 
 the map only indicates the explorations made before 
 his vice-admiral, Villalobos, returned to Peru. 
 
 396. A. D. 1587. Magellan's Straits and the 
 
 Antarctic Continent. 
 
 From a French MS. in the British Museum. It 
 represents Tierra del Fuego as expanded into a con- 
 tinent, the northerly point of which is made an 
 island by a transverse channel, somewhat hesitat- 
 ingly indicated by some pictures of trees, which con- 
 ceal the reaches of it. 
 
 A. D. 1590. 
 
 The map in Johannes Myritius's Opusculum geo- 
 graphicum. See ante, no. 79. 
 
 397. A. 0.1599. Magellan's Straits by F. de 
 
 Weert. 
 
 From De Bry's Greater Voyages, Part IX. (1602), 
 showing the results of De Weert's surveys of the 
 straits. Kohl thinks that Hondius in his Atlas 
 (1607) worked from the same material with more 
 detail, as shown in his better delineation of the great 
 bend in the strait, which is here hardly noted. 
 
 398. A. D. 1600. Magellan's Straits by Hon- 
 
 dius and Mercator. 
 
 This accompanies the treatise on the straits in the 
 Hondius edition of Mercator, 1607, which treatise, 
 as it does not record the recent Dutch explorations, 
 Kohl judges to have been written by Mercator him- 
 self before 1594, and to have been used by Hondius 
 to accompany a map, embodying the Dutch surveys 
 of Mahn, Coraes, and De Weert in 1598-99. Just 
 after this, in 1600, Kohl would place this map. 
 
 Cf. the Hondius map in Purchas, iii. p. 900. 
 
 399. A. D. 1600. Southern Fart of South 
 
 America by Olivier van Noort. 
 
 A combination of two maps which appeared in 
 the Begin ende Voortgang -van de vereenigde Needer- 
 landtsche Oost-Indische Compagnie, 1646. Van Noort 
 tracked these coasts in 1599-1600. 
 
 400. A. D. 1602. Patagonia by Van Noort. 
 
 The southern part of no. 399, which Kohl dates in 
 this case 1602. He makes no comments on it. 
 
 401. A. D. 1602. Patagonia by Levinus Hul- 
 
 sius. 
 
 It gives an excessive breadth to the Patagonian re- 
 gion, as was usual in maps of this time. In the in- 
 terior a Patagonian giant is represented running an 
 arrow a yard and a half long down his throat to the 
 bottom of his stomach. 
 
 402. A. D. 1615. Magellan's Straits by Spil- 
 
 bergen. 
 
 A map in De Bry, Part XI. (1619), purporting to 
 show the explorations of George Spilbergen ; but 
 there is nothing in the accompanying text to explain 
 its history. 
 
 403. A. D. 1619. Tierra del Fuego by 
 Schouten. 
 
 Showing Magellan's straits; Tierra del Fuego, 
 which is made a single large island, with a portion 
 of its west coast unknown, and Lemaire's channel 
 separating it from " State landt," the western end of 
 which is shown ; as is also Schouten's track in round- 
 ing Cape Horn. It follows the engraved map in 
 the Diarium vel descriptio . . . itineris facti a Guilli- 
 elmo Cornelia Schotenio Hornano. Amsterdam!, 1619. 
 The map is called, " Caarte van de nieuwe Passage 
 . . . ontdeckt ... in den jare 1616 door Willem 
 Schouten van Hoorn." Schouten's own charts are 
 lost, says Kohl ; but as Willem Jannson wrote the 
 preface to the book, he probably made this map 
 from Schouten's drafts. Schouten sailed under the 
 patronage of some Dutch merchants, chief among 
 whom was Isaac Lemaire, with the purpose of dis- 
 covering some other passage to the Pacific than 
 Magellan's straits ; and he was accompanied by 
 Jacob, son of Isaac Lemaire, and after the latter 
 they named the newly found passage between State 
 landt and the main coast. 
 
 Cf. the map on the title of the London edition of 
 Schouten (1619), of which a facsimile is given in the 
 A r ar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii. Kohl in his 
 Magellan' s-Strasse gives the map from the Amster- 
 dam (1619) edition. 
 
 404. A. D. 1621. Patagonia by Nodal. 
 
 Follows an engraved map in Montenegro's Re- 
 lacion del Viaje de los Nodales, Madrid, 1621. 
 
 405. A. D. 1621. The Same. 
 
 A less perfect copy. This map is reproduced in 
 Kohl's Magellan' 1 s-Sirasse. 
 
 406. A. D. 1624. Cape Ho'rn by Walbeck. 
 
 An engraved map in the Begin ende Voortgang van 
 de Vercenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, 1646 (vol. ii.).
 
 66 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 407. A. D. 1630. La Terra del Fuogo by Dudley. 
 
 One of the MS. maps of Robert Dudley, preserved 
 at Munich, on which his Arcano del Mare, published 
 at Florence in 1646, was based. Kohl assigns all of 
 Dudley's maps to 1630. Tierra del Fuego is made 
 a completed island on the Schouten idea. " Staten 
 land " is a peninsula of a great Antarctic continent. 
 
 < A. D. 1644. 
 
 The map in the Amsterdam ed. of Linschoten. 
 
 A. D. 1646. 
 
 The map of Kaerius in Speed's Prospect (London, 
 1665). 
 
 A. D. 1651. 
 
 Straits of Magellan in Jannson's Atlas Minor, ii. 
 427. 
 
 408. A. D. 1666. Magellanica by Jamison. 
 
 From Jannson's Atlas, 1666. For Magellan's 
 straits, he followed mainly Nodal's reports. The 
 general shape of Tierra del Fuego is like Schouten's. 
 "Staten Eylant" has the insular form for the first 
 time, says Kohl, in a printed map. 
 
 409. A. D. 1670. Magellan's Straits by Nar- 
 
 borough. 
 
 Sir John Narborough was sent out by Charles II. 
 in 1669 to renew explorations, which had been ne- 
 glected for many years. Narborough's map, three 
 feet long, as drawn by himself on parchment, is in 
 the British Museum. From this a reduction was 
 engraved and published in London, and from this 
 engraving "A new map of Magellan's straits dis- 
 covered \sic\ by Capt. John Narborough, commander 
 of H. M. Ship Sweepstakes made and sold by P. 
 Thornton" Kohl makes the present draft, which 
 he thinks was largely based on early Dutch surveys. 
 
 410. A. D. 1670. Patagonia and Tierra del 
 
 Fuego by Narborough. 
 
 This map seems also mainly derived from Dutch 
 sources, and appeared in An Account of several late 
 Voyages and Discoveries to the South and North by 
 Sir John Narborough, London, 1694. 
 
 411. A. D. i7oc(?). Coast South of Buenos 
 
 Ayres. 
 
 The date 1700 is given by Kohl in the title, but it 
 seems to be an error, as in his notes he says the map, 
 which is a MS. one preserved in the British Museum, 
 grew out of the explorations of Juan de la Piedra 
 and of Antonio and Francisco Vieclma in 1778 and 
 1779, under instructions from Spain to form settle- 
 ments on the east coast of Patagonia. The map 
 also shows the inland explorations of Brazilio Vil- 
 larino in 1782, who was sent out by Viedma. Routes 
 of other explorers are also indicated. 
 
 412. A. D. 1714. Magellan's Straits and Tierra 
 
 del Fuego by Frezier. 
 
 This is one of the maps explained by Frezier to 
 Louis XIV., when he returned, in 1714, from the 
 voyage of exploration on which that monarch had 
 sent him in 1712. Cape Horn is laid down in 55 45'. 
 The west coast of Tierra del Fuego trends nearly 
 east and west. The eastern parts of the Falkland 
 
 islands are shown, with tracks of vessels from St. 
 Malo from 1700 to 1713, by whom they are said to 
 have been discovered. 
 
 413. A. D. 1717. The Same. 
 
 This is an incomplete sketch dated differently, and 
 has no annotations. 
 
 414. A. r>. 1748. The Country South of the 
 
 Rio Plata by Cardiel. 
 
 An oblong, incomplete sketch, without comment. 
 
 A. D. 1766. 
 
 Bougainville's map of the straits, of which a fac- 
 simile is given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 vol. viii. 
 
 415. A. D. 1775. Southern Part of South 
 
 America. 
 
 From an English map, based on the Atlas of Juan 
 de la Cruz Cano y Olmadilla, published at Madrid 
 in 1769. The English map is called " improved from 
 Byron, Wallis, Carteret and Bougainville, 1775." 
 
 416. A. D. 1782. Rio Negro. 
 
 This shows a section from ocean to ocean of north- 
 ern Patagonia and Chili, and was based by Arrow- 
 smith on data got from the explorations of Basilio 
 Villarino in 1782, and was published in the Journal 
 of the Royal Geographical Society, vol. vi. (1836). 
 
 417. A. D. 1783. East Coast of Patagonia by 
 
 Viedma. 
 
 It follows a rough sketch preserved in the British 
 Museum. 
 
 418. A. D. 1824. Cape Horn and Vicinity by 
 
 Capt. Weddell. 
 
 A small sketch without notes. 
 
 419. A. D. 1830. Patagonia after Capt. King 
 
 A sketch without comment. 
 
 420. A. D. 1833. The Southern Pole. 
 
 A map showing the southern hemisphere between 
 the pole and 30 S. lat, with tracks of recent ex- 
 plorers laid down, published in the Journal of the 
 Royal Geographical Society, iii. (1833). 
 
 421. A. D. 1833. East Falkland Island. 
 
 From the Journal of the Royal Geographical So- 
 ciety, iii. (1833). 
 
 XV. 
 
 BRAZIL AND THE AMAZON. 
 
 *#* Cf. sections ii., xii., and xiii. 
 
 422. A. D. 1500. Brazil by La Cosa. 
 
 A section of the La Cosa chart. See ante, no. 26. 
 Kohl considers that La Cosa, in the water which he 
 represents southwest of South America, anticipated 
 the discovery of the South Sea or Pacific. He con- 
 siders the " Costa plaida " to mark the island which
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 6 7 
 
 divides the Amazon proper from the Para river, and 
 holds that the names along the coast are the results 
 of the voyages of Pinzon and Lepe. 
 
 423. A. D. 1525. Brazil by Lorenz Friess. 
 
 From the Carta Marina (Atlas) of Lorenz Friess, 
 published in 1530, but it represents rather the con- 
 dition of knowledge of this part of the South Ameri- 
 can coast after the Portuguese explorations of 1501-3. 
 The country is called, " Prisilia sive terra papagalli." 
 Another (German) inscription- reads, "In this country, 
 men when they die, are cut up, smoked, roasted and 
 eaten." Another says, " They have sailed all along 
 this coast, but no one has penetrated into the country." 
 It is sketched in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, 
 vol. viii. 
 
 424. A. D. 1542. Coast of Brazil by Rotz. 
 
 A sketch without comment. It is from the Idro- 
 graphy. See ante, no. 55. Brazil is made an island. 
 
 425. A. D. 1 546. Brazil by J. Freire. 
 
 It shows the coast from the mouth of the Amazon 
 to La Plata. Copied from a MS. portolano then in 
 the possession of Santarem. It gives latitude with- 
 out longitude, and Kohl calls it the earliest good 
 survey by astronomical helps. La Plata rises in a 
 lake, which Kohl believes the same discovered by 
 Cabefa de Vaca, and for the first time laid down in 
 this map. 
 
 426. A. 0.1547. Brazil by Nic. Vallard. 
 
 From a MS. atlas. See ante, no. 154. 
 
 427. A. D. 1556. Brazil. 
 
 From Ramusio, Viaggi, vol. iii. (1556). The map 
 appears to be of French origin. There is a facsimile 
 in Paul Gaffarel's Bresil Franfais, p. 6l. 
 
 428. A. D. 1558. Brazil by Diego Homem. 
 
 From the MS. atlas in the British Museum. See 
 ante, no. 67. It covers the same extent as no. 425, 
 but the coast is more minutely drawn, and be- 
 sprinkled with names, quite unlike those of Freire. 
 The degrees of latitude are marked, but not num- 
 bered. 
 
 429. A. D. 1558. The Amazon and the North- 
 
 ern Coast by Diego Homem. 
 
 From the same atlas as no. 428. That part of the 
 ocean which receives the flow of the Amazon is 
 called " Mare aque dulcis." The river itself is 
 called "Rio de S. Juan de las Amazonas." The 
 names given by Orellana are scattered along its 
 course. The name "Omaga" (Omagua) is said by 
 Kohl to be here seen for the first time on a map. 
 There is a sketch of this map in the Nar. and Crit. 
 Hist. America, viii. 
 
 430. A. 0.1558. The Same. 
 A less perfect sketch. 
 
 431. A. D. 1561. Brazil by Ruscelli. 
 
 Added by Ruscelli to the ed. of Ptolemy, pub- 
 lished 1561, and thought to be made upon the draft 
 published by Ramusio, 1556; but Ruscelli adds lines 
 of longitude and latitude, which Ramusio did not 
 give. Kohl thinks it the earliest map of Brazil on 
 which longitudes are marked. They are nearly 
 right by a chance. 
 
 A. D. 1578. 
 
 Brazil in the Atlas of Johannes Martines, in the 
 British Museum. See ante, no. 75. A sketch of the 
 map of Brazil is given in the Nar. and Crit. Hist. 
 America, vol. viii. 
 
 432. A. 0.1599. South America by Levinus 
 
 Hulsius. 
 
 An engraved map published at Nuremberg, and 
 called, "Nova et exacta Delineatio Americae partis 
 Australis, que est Brasilia," etc. Kohl says that the 
 Orinoco is for the first time drawn inland. It is 
 represented as a broad stream, with a mouth filled 
 with many islands. The usual " Parime Lacus " 
 connects with the Atlantic by the Caiane and Waia- 
 pago rivers. A large " lacus Eupuna " connects 
 north with the Amazon, east with the ocean, and 
 south (apparently) with the La Plata river. See 
 facsimile in Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. viii. 
 
 A. D. 1651. 
 
 Brazil, in Jannson's Atlas Minor, ii. 417. It re- 
 sembles Ramusio's, no. 427, ante. 
 
 433. A. o. 1656. The Amazon by Sans on. 
 
 A published map, " Le Peru et le Cours de la 
 Riviere Amazon, Paris, 1656." It was made in 
 large part after the reports of Father d'Acunha, who 
 accompanied Pedro Texeira in 1638 on his trip up 
 the Amazon, thence to Quito, and return. An ac- 
 count of the journey was published in Madrid in 
 1640, but without a map. This map, fashioned by 
 Sanson, on that account continued to be the best, 
 down to the map of Father Fritz in 1717. 
 
 434. A. D. 1695. Brazil by Coronelli. 
 
 A small sketch, without comment. 
 
 435. A. o. 1700. (?) The Amazon by Fritz. 
 
 After a MS. map in the Depot de la Marine at 
 Paris, without date or author, called " Rio de Ma- 
 rannon o de Amazonas." Kohl thinks it either a 
 copy of Father Fritz's map, as he made it, or as it 
 was engraved in Quito in 1707. The names agree 
 with those in Fritz's report. It does not give the 
 upper course of the Ucayale, which is given in no. 
 438 (post), but it gives details generally with greater 
 fulness. 
 
 436. A. o. 1703. The Amazon by Delisle. 
 
 It is called, " Carte du Pays des Amazones, par 
 De 1'Isle, d'apres Herrera, Laet, Acuna, Rodriguez, 
 etc., 1703." It is incorrect in many important par- 
 ticulars. 
 
 437. A. D. 1703. Brazil by Delisle. 
 
 Called, " Carte du Bresil d'apres Herrera, Laet, 
 Acuna, Rodriguez et sur plusieurs relations, 1/03." 
 Kohl considers Sanson's map of 1656 far more ac- 
 curate. 
 
 438. A. o. 1707. The Amazon by Fritz. 
 
 The German Jesuit missionary, Father Samuel 
 Fritz, was familiar with the, river after 1686, and 
 during his journeys he used rude instruments to 
 make observations of latitude, but he had none to 
 determine longitude, though lines of longitude are 
 given in his map. This map was engraved in Quito
 
 68 
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 in 1707, and is the earliest map based on any astro- 
 nomical observations. A reduced copy of it was, in 
 1717, published in the Lettres difiantes, but was 
 unaccompanied by Fritz's reports, which were never 
 published. It remained the best map till that of 
 Conclamine (1744) was published. The ^present 
 copy follows the reduction of the Lettres Edifiantes 
 (vol. xii., p. 212). 
 
 439. A. D. 1744. The Amazon by Condamine. 
 
 Condamine was on the river in 1743 and 1744, and 
 he was provided with better instruments than Fritz 
 possessed, so that he placed points on the river as- 
 tronomically with more accuracy. Kohl by a dotted 
 line plots in on the same drafts, for comparison, the 
 survey by Fritz. 
 
 440. A. D. 1749. The River Madeira from Sou- 
 
 they's Papers. 
 
 From a MS. map in the British Museum, which 
 had belonged to Robert Southey, when he was writ- 
 ing his Hist, of Brazil. It is a Portuguese map, and 
 seems to have been made by a trader from Para. 
 
 441. A. D. 1751. The Amazon. 
 
 A corrected sketch without comment. 
 
 442. A. D. 1769. 
 
 The Amazon by Father 
 Arnick. 
 
 After a Spanish MS. map by Fr. Jose Amich, pre- 
 served in the British Museum. Kohl thinks that 
 Amich 's advances in the cartography of this region 
 were not well known for some time after 1769. 
 
 443. A. D. 1790. The Huallaga and Ucayali 
 
 Rivers by Sobreviela. 
 
 This is a map made by Father Francisco Manuel 
 Sobreviela in 1790, as corrected by Amadeo Chau- 
 melle in 1830, and published that year at Lima. 
 
 444. A. D. 1814. The Rivers Ucayale and Hual- 
 
 laga by Father Carballo. 
 
 Father Paule Monso Carballo belonged to the 
 Franciscan convent of Ocopa in Peru. He used the 
 MS. maps in the archives of his convent which had 
 been deposited from time to time by the mission- 
 aries whom it had sent out. 
 
 445. A. D. 1825. The Amazon. 
 
 A MS. Carta geographica das Provincias do Grao 
 Para e Rio Negro, Para, 1825. 
 
 446. A. D. 1852. The Negro and Naupes by 
 
 A. R. Wallace. 
 
 This map, made by Wallace from observations on 
 the river in 1850-52, was published in the Royal 
 Geographical Society's Journal, xxiii. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 LA PLATA. 
 
 *#* Cf. sections xii. and xiv. 
 
 A. D. 1515. 
 
 "Wieser thinks that the map in Kunstmann (pi. iv.) 
 is a Portuguese copy of a map made by Solis of this 
 date. 
 
 447. A. D. 1547. La Plata by Nic. Vallard. 
 
 It extends south to Magellan's straits. From the 
 well-known atlas in the Sir Thomas Phillipp's Col- 
 lection, marked, "Dieu pour espoir. Nicolas Val- 
 lard de Dieppe, 1547." It has been questioned if 
 this was not the name of the owner, rather than of 
 the maker of the atlas, but Kohl says the writing is 
 the same as the inscriptions contained on the maps. 
 The tropic of Capricorn is marked, but the degrees 
 of latitude, though traced, are not numbered. The 
 names are mostly Portuguese, but with an occasional 
 French turn. The bay of Rio de Janeiro is drawn 
 but not named. 
 
 448. A. D. 1547. The Same. 
 
 An imperfect sketch, without annotation. 
 
 449. A. D. 1597. La Plata by Wytfliet. 
 
 A corrected sketch, without annotation. 
 
 450. A. D. 1 598. Mouth of the La Plata. 
 
 A Dutch map, which accompanied an account of 
 a voyage made from Holland in 1598 by the Dutch 
 admiral, Lauren Bicker. 
 
 451. A. D. 1600. La Plata. 
 
 A Spanish map published by Jodocus Hondius in 
 his Atlas in 1607. 
 
 452. A. D. 1630-35. Parana and Uruguay 
 Rivers. 
 
 The earliest map constructed by the Jesuit mis- 
 sionaries, and published by Blaeu in his Atlas. It 
 shows the stations which were destroyed and those 
 which were spared in the raids of the slave hunters 
 of St. Paulo, 1630-35. 
 
 A. D. 1651. 
 
 La Plata in Jamison's Minor Atlas, ii. 421. 
 
 453. A. D. 1733. La Plata by D'Anville. 
 
 It shows both coasts of South America between 
 18 and 37 S. lat, and represents the continent as 
 much narrower than on earlier maps. 
 
 454. A. D. 1733. The Same. 
 Without annotation. 
 
 455. A. D. 1826. Rio Vermejo by Soria. 
 
 A branch of the La Plata. This map was made 
 from memory after Francia, the dictator of Para- 
 guay, had seized the papers of Dr. Pablo Soria, who 
 had conducted the exploration for a company in 
 Buenos Ayres. The present copy follows a draft 
 made for the Geographical Society of Paris. Cf. 
 Sir Woodbine Parish's Buenos Ayres, London, 1839. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 PERU AND CHILI. 
 
 *** Cf. sections ii., xii., and xiii. 
 
 456. A. D. i532(?). Peru. 
 
 It extends 10 north and south of the equator. It 
 is French in language, but Kohl conjectures that it 
 follows early Spanish maps sent home by Pizarro.
 
 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 6 9 
 
 It was in Jomard's possession when Kohl made his 
 copy. The battle of Caxamalca is sketched in the 
 southern part of the map, and Kohl believes the 
 original draft of the map may have been sent to 
 Spain shortly after that event. 
 
 457. A. D. iS32(?). The Same. 
 
 An imperfect sketch, without annotation. 
 
 458. A. 0.1597. Peru by Wytfliet. 
 
 An imperfect sketch, without annotation. 
 
 459. A. D. 1 60 1. Peru by Herrera. 
 
 Follows an engraved map in Herrera's Description 
 de las Indias, Madrid, 1601. 
 
 460. A. D. 1630. Chili, Patagonia, and Magel- 
 
 lan's Straits. 
 
 After a map in the Depot de la Marine in Paris, 
 made by the Father Procurator of the Jesuits in 
 Chili, who acknowledges his indebtedness to De 
 Laet, Herrera, and De Bry. Kohl engraves it in 
 his Magellan' s-Strasse. 
 
 461. A. D. 1631. Eeru by Jannson. 
 
 This map is a published one, drawn probably 
 eclectically from Herrera and other serviceable 
 sources, and also possibly from Dutch reports. The 
 latitudes are fairly accurate, but longitudes are not 
 attempted. 
 
 462. A. D. 1646. Chili by Ovalle. 
 
 It includes Patagonia and the straits of Magellan; 
 and follows Sanson's reproduction (1656) of the 
 map of the Jesuit Qvalle, engraved in Rome in 1646. 
 It resembles no. 460, but is richer in names, and is 
 otherwise an advance upon that draft. 
 
 A. D. 1651. 
 
 Peru in Jannson's Atlas Minor, ii. 411. 
 
 463. A. D. 1700!?). New Spain and Peru. 
 
 From a Cruising Voyage round the World by Capt. 
 Wcodes Rogers, London, 1712, where it was engraved 
 by J. Senex. The book gives no hint of the origin 
 of the map, other than that this and the following 
 no. 464 were captured by Capt. Rogers in the South 
 Seas. 
 
 464. A. D. i70o(?). Chili. 
 
 From the same work as no. 463, but it is not so 
 accurate a map for the time. 
 
 465. A. D. 1703. Chili by Delisle. 
 
 Not a very accurate representation of the best 
 knowledge of its time, as Kohl thinks. 
 
 466. A. D. 1712. Peru. 
 
 This map is from the same sources as nos. 463 
 and 464, and comes between them, in making a con- 
 tinuous coast line. Kohl gives it the date of Rogers' 
 book, 1712, while he dates the others about 1700. 
 
 467. A. 0.1713. Los Moxos. 
 
 A Jesuit map of the province showing mission 
 stations. A reduction of it is given in the Lettres 
 Edifiantes, vol. viii. (1781) p. 337. 
 
 468. A. D. 1713. The Same. 
 Without annotations. 
 
 469. A. D. i767(?). The River Marmore. 
 
 An undated MS. map of the Bishopric of Santa 
 Cruz de la Sierra in Peru, preserved in the British 
 Museum. It resembles no. 467. 
 
 470. A. 0.1781. The Moxos Country. 
 
 A small sketch of the mission-sites in Moxos. 
 
 471. A. D. 1783. The Missions of Ocopa. 
 
 One of the earliest maps made by the missionaries 
 of Ocopa. It is preserved in the British Museum. 
 
 472. A. D. 1796. Peru by A. Baleato. 
 
 A MS. map attached to an official report (pre- 
 served in the British Museum) rendered on a change 
 of Viceroys in Peru in 1796. 
 
 473. A. D. 1835. Excursions about Cusco. 
 
 Maps of journeys made by General Miller, en- 
 graved in the Royal Geographical Society's Journal, 
 vol. vi. (1836). 
 
 474. A. D. 1836. The Same. 
 Cancelled. 
 
 FINAL NOTE (Aug. 11, 1886). In adding titles of maps to the enumeration of Dr. Kohl, no attempt has 
 been made to give all maps, not mentioned by Kohl. 
 
 During the progress of this " Contribution," there has appeared in the Report of the Superintendent of the 
 U. S. Coast Survey, ending June, 1884 (Washington, 1885), as Appendix no. 19 (pp. 495-617), a History of 
 Discoi'ery and Exploration on the Coasts of the United States, by J. G. Kohl, with this prefatory note : " The 
 historical accounts here given of discovery and exploration on the coasts of the United States were prepared 
 at the instance of Professor A. D. Bache, the superintendent of the coast survey at the time (1854) of Dr. 
 Kohl's visit to this country. But a few years had then elapsed since the beginning of the survey on the 
 Pacific coast, and the want of an authoritative and connected account of early exploration upon that coast 
 was greatly felt. Trustworthy data were needed to establish the origin of geographical names, to decide 
 disputed points of orthography, to identify localities named by early explorers, and to show the condition of 
 discovery and fix the limit of geographical knowledge at various periods. The work undertaken by Dr.
 
 70 THE KOHL COLLECTION OF EARLY MAPS. 
 
 Kohl included, in addition to the historical account, a general map illustrating it, a collection of maps show- 
 ing the range and limits appertaining to each discoverer and explorer, a list of names of bays, capes, harbors, 
 etc., with critical remarks and a catalogue of books, maps, manuscripts, etc., relative to discoveries. 
 
 " In so satisfactory a manner was this work performed for the Pacific coast, that Dr. Kohl was asked to 
 undertake a similar work for the coast of the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. Upon its completion, the 
 entire work was deposited for reference in the archives of the survey. Means for its publication as a whole 
 not having been available, it has now been deemed advisable to publish the historical portion. To each 
 memoir is appended a list of the collection of maps. Some of these maps are copied from originals, others 
 from old manuscripts or rare prints, and those of more modern origin are of interest as links in the chain of 
 historical connection." The paper of Kohl which follows is divided into three parts : I., the Atlantic coast ; 
 II., the Gulf of Mexico ; III., the Pacific coast. 
 
 If these " historical accounts " had been published at the time, thirty years ago, they would have shown 
 the best results in this line of research then produced. At the present date Kohl's views are in large part 
 antiquated, and his knowledge is in important particulars insufficient or erroneous. The publication of the 
 papers uncorrected and unexplained is, accordingly, an injury to his memory, and of little use to the student, 
 except as indicating the condition of knowledge at that time. Kohl, before he died, and in the light of his 
 increasing knowledge, spoke disparagingly of the work he did at that time.