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THE
SPELLING-BOOK:
CONSISTING OF
WORDS IN COLUMNS AND SENTENCES
FOB
ORAL AND WRITTEN EXERCISES ;
TOGETHER WITH
PREFIXES, AFFIXES, AND IMPORTANT ROOTS
reek emit Cat'm Cangnagea.
BOSTON.
H. CO WPBBTHWAIT 4 CO.
1656
Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1848, by
WILLIAM D. SWAN,
In th ClerVe Office of the District Court of the United States for the
District of Massachusetts.
CITY OP ROXBURY.
IN SCHOOL COMMITTEE, Nov. 1, 1849.
Ordered, That "Swan's Spelling-Book" be introduced into the Schools of
this city, from and after this day.
JOSHUA SEAVER, Secretary.
Copy from records. Attest,
JOSHUA SEAVER, Secretary.
Extract from the Records of the School Committee of the City of Boston.
IN SCHOOL COMMITTEE, Mar. 7, 1849.
Ordered, That the " Spelling-Book" of WILLIAM D. SWAN take the place of
B. D. Emerson's, subject to the conditions prescribed by the regulations.
A true copy from the records. Attest,
S. F. McCLEARY, Secretary.
CITY OF CINCINNATI.
COUNCIL CHAMBER, )
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT, March 9, 1850. J
At a meeting of the Board of Trustees and Visitors of Common Schools, the
following resolution was adopted :
Resolved, That Swan's Spelling-Book be adopted as a text-book for tin
Common Schools of Cincinnati.
Signed, CHAS. SATTERLY, City Cletk
Per WM. LEUTHSTROM.
Proceedings of the Board of Directors of the Public Schools of the City of
Rochester.
Resolved, That Swan's Spelling-Book be adopted as the text-book in ortho.
graphy in our Public Schools, in the room of Cobb's, or others now in use.
Signed, R. D. JONES, Superintend
SCHENECTADY, N. Y., June 21, IS.^O.
1 certify, that at a regular meeting of the Trustees of the Public Schools of
ibc city of Schenectady, held June 20th, 1850, at the recommendation of the
committee on text-books, Swarf's Spelling-Book was mpmimously adopted a*
"xt-book for spelling in the schools under charge of the Trustees.
D. M. CHADSEY, Secretary.
PREFACE.
THIS work has been compiled to furnish teachers with
a complete and systematic series of exercises in English
orthography.
Experience has convinced the author that the old method
of requiring children to study words in columns, arranged
according to their accent and number of syllables, and to
spell them orally, without reducing the exercise to practice
by writing the words, is a useless task, and will never
accomplish its design. Children may be able to spell words
correctly when pronounced by the teacher; but, without
frequent practice in writing, they will misspell them in
composition. The recent reports of school committees
upon this subject, bear testimony to the truth of this
conclusion.
There are great and paramount difficulties in learning
to spell correctly the English language These difficulties
arise principally from the anomalous and peculiar structure
of the language, from the variety of sounds given to the
PREFACE.
,
several vowels, from silent consonants in certain classes
of words, -and from the similarity of sounds in syllables
formed by different combinations of letters. To obviate
these difficulties, to classify and arrange them under
distinct heads, that they may be more readily and easily
(earned and remembered, has been the principal design
of the author.
Easy words, illustrating the simple sounds ol vowels and
consonants ; words containing one or more silent conso-
nants ; words pronounced alike, but differing in orthography
and signification, have been arranged, into distinct classes.
But the great and distinguishing feature of the work is the
arrangement of Exercises for Writing, in connection with
the several classes. It has often been urged, and with good
reason, against the spelling-books in common use, that chil-
dren are required to learn to spell words, of the meaning
and use of which they have no idea. These Exercises for
Writing provide a remedy for this defect. Most of tho
words in the columns occur in the sentences, and the learner
Is thus shown their meaning and application.
The Rules for Spelling and the Exceptions should be
thoroughly committed to memory by the learner, and fre-
quent allusion should be made to them by the teacher, by
questions like the following :
(RULE I.) Why is the word muff spelled with two /'si
What are the exceptions to Rule I. ?
(RULE III.) Why is the word robber spelled with two
PREFACE. 5
(RULE IV.) Why is the letter t not doubled in spelling
the words cheated and limited?
(RULE V.) Why are the words livelier and revelling
spelled with two /'s?
(RULE VI.) Why are the words almighty, albeit, and
already spelled with one I? What are the exceptions to
this rule?
Words containing syllables or terminations, pronounced
alike or nearly alike, but spelled differently, are arranged in
parallel columns, which are also followed by appropriate exer-
cises for writing. Much attention should be bestowed upon
these terminations, as they form one of the chief difficulties
in spelling. Take, for instance, the terminations eive and
ieve, which have both the same sound, as in the words re-
ceive and believe. If the learner be told that whenever the
letter c precedes the termination, it is spelled eive; but if
any other consonant precede, it is spelled ieve, he will have
but little difficulty in spelling this class of words in future ;
and so with all the other classes which have been arranged
and explained.
Another prominent feature in the work is the introduction
of the Prefixes and Affixes, by means of which the meaning
of words is variously modified. There has also been added,
for more advanced pupils, a large number ot the important
Greek and Latin roots, with some of their derivatives. These
derivatives form an important class of words for spelling, inde-
pendently of the roots, which may be traced to their origin
or not, according to the age and capacity of the pupil.
O PREFACE.
These Prefixes, Affixes, and Roots, have been compiled
chiefly from McCulloch's English Grammar. The works of
G aham SUlivan, and others, have also furnished much use-
fj ! -n *. for the work.
WILLIAM D. SWAN.
HOSTOM, November, 1848.
^ vr riQf
1 HE
SPELLING-BOOK.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
Orthography treats of letters, syllables, words, and
spelling.
A letter is a character used in printing, or writing,
to represent the sound of the human voice in
speaking.
The English alphabet consists of twenty-six
letters.
There are four kinds of letters ; namely, Roman,
Italic, Old English, and Script.
The letters have severally two forms, by which
they are distinguished ; namely, capitals and small
letters.
Capitals are used for the sake of eminence and
distinction. Small letters constitute the body of
every work. See Rules and Exercises for the Use of
Capitals page 144.
8
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
THE ALPHABET.
ROMlIf. ITALIC. OLD ENGLISH. SCRIPT
**
'V.-n.
C.pluk.
ftoMlLetten.
Capita!*, Si
nail Letter..
Capital!. .
Brail
jeVi
A
a
A
a
31
a
fc
a
B
b
B
b
33
b
18
&
C
c
C
c
or
c
<$
c
D
d
D
d
$
fo
@
J
E
e
E
e
t
8
^
F
f
F
f
f
f
9?
f
G
g
G
(5
g
<^
?
H
h
H
$
1)
98
fL
I
i
I
i
1
/
<T
t
J
K
J
k
J
K
k
1
K
i
fe
e.
L
1
L
I
I
eg
e
M
m
M
m
m
m
(G
m
N
n
N
n
n
otf
a
o
<D
(D
a
P
P
P
P
fl
p
^J5
[V
Q
q
Q
q
(01
q
Qe
If
R
r
R
T
H
i
r
TO
V
S
s
S
S
SP
4,
T
t
T
t
t
9
t
U
u
U
U
H
U
"Us
14
V
V
V
V
D
X)
01?
\V
w
w
w
to
tD
<w
l
X
X
X
X
9
90
Y
y
y
y
j
s
5
Z
z
z
z
2
c
5
2
FIGURES.
1234567890.
THE SPELLING-BOOK. 9
CLASSES OF LETTERS.
There are two classes of letters vowels and con-
tonants.
A vowel represents a distinct sound of the human
voice. The vowels are a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes
w, and y.
A consonant, though having a peculiar sound of its
own, is used only in connection with a vowel. The
consonants are b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, I, m, n, p, q, r, s,
t, v, x, and z.
Wand y are consonants 'when they precede a vowel
heard in the same syllable ; in all other cases, they are
vowels.
A diphthong is two vowels joined in one syllable ; as,
ea in beat ; ou in sound.
A proper diphthong is one in which both the vowels
are sounded ; as, oi in voice.
An improper diphthong is one in which only one of
the vowels is sounded ; as, oa in loaf.
A triphthong is three vowels joined in one syllable ;
as, eaiL in beau.
A proper triphthong is one in which all the vowels
are sounded ; as, uoy in buoy.
An improper triphthong is one in which only one
or two of the vowels are sounded ; as, eau in beauty.
\.
EXERCISES ON THE CLASSES OF LETTERS.
Show the vowels in the words hat, dog, hen, ox,
pig, cat, sun, man, hand, sell, give, time.
Show the consonants in spell, grass, fire, hemp
flax, corn, old, drive, give.
10 THE SFKLLI.NG-BOOK.
Show the diphthongs in head, said, guess, JlooJ,
been, friend, young, blood, brood.
Mention regularly the vowels, diphthongs, and con-
sonants in the following words : know, have, blood,
drown, bound, warm, sail, touch, smell, hear see, hate>
road, breath, health.
WORDS AND SYLLABLES.
A word consists of one or .more syllables, and is used
either alone or in conjunction with other words, as the
sign of some idea.
A primitive word is one that is not formed from any
simpler word in the language ; as, harm, great.
A derivative word is one that is formed from some
simpler word iri the language ; as, harmless, greatly.
A simple word is one that is not compounded ; as,
book, man.
A compound word is one that is composed of two
or more simple words ; as, bookseller, watchman.
Permanent compounds are sometimes united into one ; as,
bookseller : others aro formed by the hyphen ; as, gloat-house.
A syllable is one or more letters pronounced in one
sound, and is either a word or a part of a word.
There are as many syllables in every word as there
are distinct sounds ; as, gram-ma-ri-an.
A word of one syllable is called a monosyllable ; a
word of two syllables, a dissyllable ; a word of three
syllable, a trisyllable, and a word of more than three
syllables, a polysyllable.
THE SPELLING-BOOK. 11
OF THE VOWELS.
A has five sounds ; as in hate, hat, bar, balm, and baJL
E has three sounds ; as in toe, met, and her*
I has three sounds ; as in mind, thin, and birth.
O has five sounds ; as in note, not, born, come, and tomb.
U has four sounds ; as in use, us, full, and rude.
OF THE CONSONANTS.
B has always the same sound ; as in bad, crab, and sabre.
C is hard before a, o, and u ; as in came, cold, and cut :
and soft before e, i, and y ; as in cell, cite, and cymbal.
D has always the same sound ; as in dim, bad, and rider.
F has always the same sound; as in fat, if > and swift*
G has two sounds : hard, before a, o, and u ; as in game,
got, and gun: and soft, before e, i, and y; as in gcntj
giant, t and gymnastic.
If is aspirated ; as in herd, heel, and hit : or unaspirated ;
as in heir, herb, and honest.
J has the sound of g soft ; as in jest.
K and Z< have always the same sound ; as in kick, lately.
M is invariable ; as in mud and mass.
N and P never change ; as in not, pen.
Q is always followed by u, and is sounded as in quake.
R is rough ; as in rob : and smooth ; as in hair and more.
S has two sounds : hard, as in those ; soft, as in this.
T and V never change ; as in tin and it ; vain and verb
W, when a consonant, never changes, but is sounded as
in win and won.
. JThas three sounds ; as in Xenophon,Jix, and cits/
F, when a consonant, is invariable ; as in you and yes .'
when a vowel, is sounded as in day, key, and boy.
Zi has but oue sound ; as in zeal.
* Except in the word of.
t With some exceptions ; as in giddy, girl, and a few others, which
have g hard.
THE SPEI.LING-BOOK.
VOWEL SOUNDS.
THE VOWEL A.
The long sound of A, as heard in the word HATE, t* ex*
pressed in several ways.
I. Before a consonant and a jinal E, (silent,) as in ^
fade
made
name
same
maid
paid
tail
fail
bay
day
lay
may
prey
they
age
cage
page
wage
bake
cake
rake
wake
2. By AI, as in CAIN.
hail gain
sail main
aim pain
claim chain
3 By AY, as in DAY.
nay way
pay bray
ray gray
say pray
4. By EY, as in THEY.
whey con-vey'
o-bey sur-vey
late
mate
rate
wave
stain
drain
bait
wait
tray
clay
slay
stay
pur-vey'
NOTE TO TEACHERS. The learner should be required to spell the
words in columns orally. The exercises for writing should be
copied by the learner, but at recitation the sentences should be read
aloud bj^ftie teacher, and the learner should be required to write
them again. Sentences not in the book should also be dictated by
the teacher. The pupils may then exchange slates, and review each
other's work.
THE SPELLINJ-BOOK. 13
5. By El, as in VEIN.
veil deign weigh freight
skein reign eight in-veigh'
rein neigh weight neigh'-bor
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
1. He made a cage. I can bake a cake. He has the
same name. Flowers fade. I can tell my age. He and his
mate were late.
2. The maid was paid. You will fail to get bafl. He
will gain his claim. He will wait for the bait. The chain
gives him pain.
3. On May day they sailed in the bay. Bricks are made
of clay. Stay / I \vill show you the way. Nay, do not say
so. Lay the pay oa the tray.
4. They will obey the teacher. Birds convey their prey
to their nests. They survey the scene. He is a purveyor
of whey.
5. -Eight skeins of silk weighed e^hteen drachms. What
is the weight of the veil ? It was the reign of Henry the
C/ghth. Do not inveigh against thy neighbor.
The sound of A , as heard in the word FAR.
card dark far cart
hard park scar part
yard barn star smart
The sound of A, as heard in the word ALL.
ball tall saw scald
call wall law aught
fall . paw claw caught
hall raw warm wa-ter
2
14 THE SPELLING-BOOK.
Th* sound of A, as heard in the word HAT.
glad black can shall
bad bag lap have
had nag hat lamp
cat back mat map
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
It is dark in the park. His part is hard. The card is
in the yard near the barn. The star is far off.
The ball is on the wall. The cat caught the raw meat
with her claws. Call the man. He is in the hall. The
dog licks his paw.
I am glad he is not so bad a lad. The cat sat in his
lap. The hat is on the mat. He puts tKe rags in a black
bag. She shall have a new lamp.
THE VOWEL E.
The long sound of E, as heard in the word BE, is expressed
in various ways.
1. As ajinal, as in BE, HE, ME, WE.
2. By EAJinal, as in SEA, LEA, PEA, TEA, FLEA.
3. Before a consonant and ajinal E, (silent ;) as in
these ex-treme' im-pede' scene
theme se-rene com-plete here
su-preme' con-vene sin-cere mete
4. By EE, as in BLEED
feed meek sleep beer
seed feel sheep den
reed seem street qn<
beef seen be-tween' es-teem'
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
bead
read
leaf
sheaf
chief
thief
brief
grief
5. By EA, as in MEAL
reach dream
speak stream
weak mean
deal bean
6. By IE, as in FIELD.
siege yield
liege mien
shriek
field
bier
pier
7. By El, as in CONCEIT.
con-ceive' pcr-ceive' re-ceipt'
de-ceive con-ceit ceil'-ing
re-ceive de-ceit seize
heap
dear
fear
heat
piece
niece
be-lieve
re-lieve
nei'-ther
ei-ther
in-vei'-gle
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
1, 2, 3. He told me the tea was made. We are near th
eea. We were bitten by a flea. This is a poor pica. H
completed his theme. The scene was extremely grand. B
sincere.
4 A deer has nimble feet. The beer made him feel sleepy.
The sheep were asleep. Sow the seed. Cut the beef. It
seems good.
5. I hear he leaped over a heap of leaves. Reach me that
peach. He is too weak to speak. He reads a great deal.
Do you mean to seal the note.
C. I believe it was chiefly done to reh'cve the besieged. We
heard p/ercing shn'eks on the pier. The thieves yielded. To
be brief, his altered mien showed his gn'ef.
7. I cannot conceive such deceit. He seized the receipt
and tore it in pieces. Neither deceive nor inveigle your
friend. This conce/ted man received a letter.
THK SPELLING-BOOK.
The short sound of E, as heard in MHT.
bed hem hen when
sell then tell went
ten help well deck
pen men met ivd
ITie same sound is expressed in many words by EA, as in
SPREAD.
bread
spread
thread
dead
head
tread
breath
death
threat
health
wealth
stealth
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
I can sell ten pens for ten cents. Help the men to feed
the hens. Tell me if you are well. I met him when I went
to see you.
The bread is as heavy as lead. Tread softly. He held
his breath. My head aches.
THE VOWEL 7.
The long sound of I, as heard in the word MINE, is ex-
pressed in various ways.
I. Before a consonant and E Jinal, as in
nice dine pine hire
price fine crime rise
rice line like hive
slice mine smile prize
2. Before LD, ND, or GHT, as in
child find fight bright
mild mind light sight
wild kind might tight
bind blind right night
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
3. By IE, as in
die vie lie cries
pie tie spies flies
4. By UI, as in
guile * dis-guise' guide buy
5. By Y, final, preceded by a c< nsonant, as in
by sky sly try
shy fly cry wry
thy ply dry pry
why my fry spy
6. By YE, final, as in BYE, EYE, RYE.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
1. We dine at nine. A nice kite. Commit no crime.
Smile again. It looks like a pine-tree. He has a nice slice
of rice cake.
2. The bright light hurt the child's sight. The blind child
was left behind. He lights with all his might. Mind you
bind it tight.
3. The bird flies. Lie down. Tie the string. They vie
with each other. He cried out. Cut the pie. The bird
cries as she flies.
4. My gttide was without g?/ile, though disguised.
some pens.
5. They fly by night. Why is thy brother so shy ? I
my trade under the open sky. Try not to cry. Dry your
eyes. Good by. Why is the fox so shy ? I will try to apy
him with my glass.
Except build.
2*
J8 THE SPELLING-BOOK.
The short sound of I, as heard in the word IT.
hid iill him bit
lul still swim nit
bid null brim fit
fig pill give sit
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Give him this fig. He hid the lid. Bid him sit still. Do
you swim in this river. Pick up this stick.
THE VOWEL 0.
TJie long sound ofO } as heard in the word So, is expressed in
various ways,
1. As ajinal* as in
80
no
car-go
sago
go
wo
vol-ca'-no
al-so
lo
cal'-i-co
so'lo
dit-to
2. Bejore a consonant
and E,\jmcL\
at in
globe
in-voke'
hope
chose
robe
whole
rope
rose
mode
con-dole'
bore
vote
ex-plode'
a-tone
de-pi ore
re-mote
3. By OE^Jinal, as in DOE, FOE, SLOE To*.
4. By OA, as in OAR.
load re-proacn' shoal soap
toad ap-proach foam roar
loaf oak roam boat
coach coal loan goat
By OU, as in SOUL, MOURN, FOURTH, MOULD, Couii&a
* Except do, who, lo, two, loo.
t Except some, come, none, done, one, whose, lose, alovj, dove, love, *<
glove, move, prove.
\ Except canoe, thoe.
5.
THE l'ELHNG-BOOK.
6. By CW,/na/, as trt
bow
grow
mow
row
el'-bow
crow
know
sow
wid-ow
low
swal'-lov
tow
EXERCISES FOR WRITIN3,
1. No, I will not go so far. The ship bad a cargo at
calico. He also played a solo. Lo 1 the volcanj-
2. Send home the robe. The whole globe. I alone dfs
plore him. He chose to disclose the secret.
3. 4. A bitter foe. A sleek doe. There is a load of
loaves in the coach. The toad is by the oak. The coals
are in the boat. The oar floats. The roaring lion foams
with rage.
5, 6. He mowmed in his soul. He went through his
fourth course. The wido?0 pushed her elbow through the
window. He killed a swallow with his bow and arrow. Sow
the seed. Mow the grass. TOM the ship.
t
The sound of O, as heard in NOT.
trod lost strong stop
sod box lock trot
dog fox hot horse
pond John soft shop
The sound of O and OO, as in MOVE ana* FOOD
move roof soon root
prove fool stoop boot
food stool hoop goose
mood room loop loose
20 THE SPELLING-BOOK.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The dog is on the box. lie lost his socks. John is a
strong man. The lock is hot. The horse trod on the dog.
The fox is in the box.
I can prove that I move. He soon left the room. A fool-
ish boy got on the roof. The bush has a root. He lost his
boot in (he pool. Stoop down and reach the stool.
THE VOWEL U.
The long sound of\J,as heard in the word CUBE, is various-
ly expressed.
1. Before a consonant and ajinal E, (silent,) as in
cube re-buke 7 cure use
huge mule sure a-muse 7
duke tune tube re-duce
2. By UE, final, as in
res 7 -cue sub-due 7 hue ; con-tin'-ue
due ar x -gue va! 7 -ue vir 7 -tue
3. By EW, 05 in
dew hew new yew
few mew pew cur 7 -few
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
1. The dttke was amwsed. Be swre to wse the mule
kindly. He was mute. Play a time.
2. Subdwc your passions. Continue to do good. The
money is due. The value of the house was paid.
3. They will hew down a few yew trees to make a new
pa*. See the dew on the grass. Cats mew
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
21
hull
full
pull
tub
rut
mud
snuff
The sound of U, as in FULL.
bush pul'-pit
push ful-fil'
put butch'-er
pud'-ding
The sound of U, as in TUB.
stuck cup mug
dull suds jug
hum us rut
gun nut shut
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
1. The butcher drove the bull. He pushed through the
bashes. Put SMgar in the padding. The room is full.
2. A warm rug. A tub full of swds. Bees httm. He
rwbbed off the sm/ff. The cwp fell in the mud. You mwst
irwst us with the
SILENT LETTERS
jamb
iamb
limb
chim6
clim6
dumft
num&
crum6
plum6
thum6
bom&
dou&t
debt
de6t x -or
re-douftt 7
suc-cumft
hec'-a-tomft
iu-deit'-ed
C.
in-diet' in-dict x -ment victuals czar
I).
hand'-some Verfnes'-day hand'-ker-chief
TIIK SPELLING-BOOK
G.
sign
deign gnash
de-si^n'
feign gnat
en'-sign
reign g r naw
as-sign'
ar-raign' phlegm
con-dign
cam-paign bagn'-io
for'-eign
par'-a-digm poign -an t
con-sign'
con-sign-ee/ seign-ior
gTiO'-mon
ap'-o-thegrn im-pugn'
pro-pugn'
im-pregn
di'-a-phra/jrn
sov-er-eig r n
con-si^n'-mcnt
se-rag-1-io
Grnos'-tics
gnarled
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
B. The jamft was made of marble. The lam& bleats.
His lim&s are num&. They climft the hill. Com6 your hair.
The tomi was opened. Do not thumfe your books. The
bom& burst. He was dumft, and opened not his mouth.
The de&t was paid, and the debtor was released. A subtle
fellow. Every dou&t was removed. The redoubt was taken.
He was obliged to succumfe.
C. He was indicted for robbery. Wholesome victuals
The czar was cruel. The indictment was read.
D. She was handsome,
handkerchief was found.
Wednesday was stormy. The
G. The ensign signed the paper. The design was frus-
trated. The criminal was condemned to condign punish-
ment. He assigned his property. The merchant consigned
his goods. A benign countenance. He deigned not to fei^pn.
In the reign of the late sovereign. He was arraigned before
the council. He gnashed with his teeth. His opinions were
impugned. Rats gnaw holes. 6rnats bite. He affirmed it
with phlegm. A gnarled oak. He made out his consign*
ment. Seraglio, the palace of the Turkish Sultan. G'nn-
mon, the pin of a dial. (7nostics, one of the earliest sects in
the Christian church. Diaphragm, a term used in anatomy.
THE SPELLING-BOOK. 23
GH
freight fright neigA'-bor drougAt
eight might plough bought
weight night wrigAt brought
light Plight aught sought
de-ligAt right thought fought t
bli^At sigAt caught wrought
bright slight fraught faugh' -ter
fight sight naught be-sougAt'
bight neigh taught fur'-lougA
sleigh dougA slaugh'-ter iri-veigA'
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
GH. The ship arrived in eigAt days, freighted with sugar.
The weight of the coffee. A bright sun. Blighted hopes
Dogs delight to fight. He was in a great frigAt. The right
path. Hold tigAt. A sligAt wound. Have you augAt to say ?
What have you caugAt ? You ougAt to have taught him.
NougAt so tedious. He bougAt two knives. He brougAt the
book. They fougAt hard. He wrou^At ten hours. The
sleigA was upset. He inveigAed against his nei^Abor. The
farmer plougAs his field. The soldier had a furlougA. The
dougA was unbaked.
H.
Aerb
Aeir
Aour
Aeir'-ess
Aon- or
.ton-est
Aum-ble
An-mol
Aerb-age
Aos'-pi-tal
rAap'-so-dy
Aum r ble-bee
myrrA
rAet-o-ric
hem-or-rAage
rAyme
rAe-tor'i-cal
dis-Aa-biile'
tAyme
rAi-noc'-e-ros
a-gAast'
gAost
rAeu-ma-tism
ca-tarrA
rA^um
rAu-barb
ca-tar-r/tal
RAine
gAer-kin
shep'-herd
gAast-'ly
Aon-or-a-ble
shep-Aerd-ess
gAost-ly
Au-mor-ous
Au-mor-some
THE SPELLl^J-BOOK.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING
II. Some herbs are medicinal. He was 7/eir to a large
estate. A rich Aeiress. He went to the hospital. The
hour had come. Honor and Aonesty are united. He was
an honest, good-Aumored fellow. Animals crop the Aerbage,
MyrrA is a bitter Aerb. He was exhorted to persevere in the
Ftudy of rhetoric. The shepAerd was stung by an Aumble-
bee. He suffered from the catarr/i. His body was exAumed.
He stood agAast.
K.
knack knell /mob Arnowl'-edge
Aaiave Arnight Amow Aniap-sack
Arnee Arnit knew ac-fcnowl'-edge
Arnead Arnife known fore-Arnowl'-edge
Anieel knot knock ArnightMiood
CH.
dracAm yacAt schism scAis'-mat-ic
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
K. He has a Arnack at rhyme. The &nave was compelled
to bow the &nee. The cook Arneaded the dough. The
psalmist Arneeled on his A:nees. The knell was heard. The
Arnight was in full armor. Stockings are font. The Arnife
was broken in a knot. The Arnob was made of glass. He
new the visitor by his Arnock. The man was well Arnown.
A Arnuckle of veal. JSCnowledge is power. The soldier'*
Arnapsack was lost. He acArnowledged the gift.
CH. Sixteen drachms make an ounce. The yar//t had
sailed. The church was rent in scAisms. He was scAismat-
ical.
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
alms calf ba/k could
halm hatf ca/k wou/d
pa/rn calve chalk should
psalm halve stalk ha/'-sers
qualm salve talk so/d-er
a/'-moiid be-ha/f wa/k fo/ks
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
L. He asked for afais. A ba/my breeze. The pa/in of
the hand. Ca/rn your mind. Sing a psa/m. A qua/m of
conscience. Bitter a/monds. Kill a calf. Give me ha/f of
an apple. The sa/ve cured the wound. He spoke in his
beha/f. He caught a sa/naon. A sta/k of grass. The folks
are coming. A cha/k cliff. Take a wa/k. Tighten the ha/*
ers. He soldered the vessel.
hymn
kilu
P.
psalm prompt re-ceipt' sump'-tu-ous
psal'mist tempt ex-empt sunipt-u-a-ry
psal-ter emp 7 -ty symp'-tom per-emp-to-ry
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
N. The hymn was sung. The bricks were burned in a
kiltt. The criminal was condemned. The column was
raised. Auturcw teaches a solem/7 lesson.
P. The psalmist composed a psalm- He was prompt in
the discharge of his duty. He was tempted to sin. The
cask was empty. The receipt exempted him from payment.
The symptoms were unfavorable. He fared sumptuously*
Sumptuary laws.
9
con-demn'
con-tenm
N.
sol'-enm
au-tumw
colMimn
limn
2G
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
isle
SOUS
s.
inland
vis 'count
T.
chast'-en
hasten
christ-en
soft'-en
oft-en
fast-en
e-pis'-tle
gris'-tle
whis-tle
glisten
listen
moisten
cas-tle
bus-tie
jos-tle
this- tie
a-pos'-tle
pes'-tle
guard
guess
guest
gzfide
guile
guilt
built
build
buy
quay
quote
con'quer
doq-uet
cir-c?nt
buy-er
bis-cuit
U.
g;/in x -ea
liquor
qinn-tal
quo-ta
rus-de
nes-/le
mortgage
chris-mas
ra-gou^
co-quvtte'
be-gnile
dis-guise
et-i-q?/ette /
guar-an-ty
mas-quer-ade
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
S. He gave him a sous to carry him over to the island.
T. Chasten thy son. Hasten to be wise. The child was
christened. The gold glistened. Listen to instruction.
The leaves were moistened. The fire softened the iron.
The cord was fastened. The casfle was taken. The bus/le
was great. They jostled each other. He wrote an epis/ie.
The sound of the whistle was heard. Thistles grow in
meadows. Paul, the apostle. The farm was mortgaged.
U. Gttard against guilt. No g?/ile was found in his
mouth. The merchant bwilt a qway. James b?/ys some
biscuits. He conqwered the enemy. He travelled the cir-
c?/it in disgz/ise. The drunkard bowght some liq?/or for a
guinea. As there was not a quorum, the house adjourned.
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
27
A quintal of fish. The lady played on the gwitar. The
coqz/ette frequented nightly masquerades. The performance
was guarantied.
W.
wrap
?0rath
wran'-gle
wreak
wrench
?#,rest
wretch
write
faring
wrung
wrong
wrin'-kle
wretch'-ed
an-swer
tow-ards
south-ward
wreath
wreck
wright
wrist
writ-ten
wres-tle
wri-ting
wren
whole
wry
who
whoop
knowl'-edge
whole-some
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
W. PFrap up. It is ?0rong to wrangle. He ?^reaked his
vengeance. The victor was crowned with a wreath. His
wrath was kindled. The cruel boy wrung the wren's neck.
The wretch was wrecked. His faith made him whole. The
boy hurt his wrist. A ?0rinkled forehead. Knowledge is
power. An answer was given. The letter will be written.
Wholesome food. The sword was broken.
SOUNDS OF LETTERS.
cAaise
cAam-paign'
cAas x -se-las
cAi-cane x
CH sounded like SH.
cAa-grin x
cAa-mois
cAarMa-tan
cAev-er-il
cAiv'-al-ry
cAev-a-lier 7
cAan-de-Her
cAi-ca'-ne-ry
cAa-made'
deb-au-cAee
soii-cAong 7
ma-cAine'
28 THE SPELLING-BOOK.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The cAaise was broken. CAasselas, a kind of grape,
The cAamade was sounded. He was cAagrined. The car-
penter invented a macAine. A glass cAandelier. CAamois,
a kind of goat.
In the following words , derived from tlw. Greek CH
sounded like K.
cAa'-os cAo'-ral CArist'-mas cAa-me'-le-on
cAasm cAol-er cAron-ic cAar'-ac-ter
cAoir cAo-rus cAor-is-ter CAris'-tian
cAord CArist cAron-i-cle cAro^iol'-o-gy
CH, Jinal, is also soundal like K, in the following words.
head x -acAe dis 7 -ticA locA mor
li-lacA he-mis 7 -ticA ep x -ocA te-trarcA
stom-acA concA
CH, in ARCH, iff hen compounded with the following words
derived from the Greek, is also sounded like K.
arcA-an x -gel arcA x -i-tect arcAM-trave ar'-cAives
arcA-i-peP-a-go
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The cAameleon is always changing. At CAristmas, the
cAoir sing a tAorus. Restrain your cAoler. Common cAro-
nology dates from the birth of CArist. The cAronicle say?
the CAristians leaped into the cAasm. CAoral harmony A
cAronic disease.
A lilacA gives me the headacAe. The monarcA wrote his
disticA. A hemisticA is half a verse. The tetrarcA ruled
from this epocA. He put the concA to his ear.
THE SPELLiNG-iiOOK.
Of,
*- J
CH, in ARCH, compounded with the following words from tin
French and Saxon, has the CH sounded like TSII.
arcA-bish x -op arcA-fiend x arcA-dea x -con arcA-duke
CH, initial, sounded like TSII.
cAal x -ice
cAan-cel
cAam x -pi-on cAar'-i-ty
cAance cAarm
cAer x -up
cAest-nut
cAan-cel-lor
cAan^dler
cAase
cAess
cAap-el
cAest
chafe
cAange
cAan^nel
cAant
cAaste
cAas-tise ;
cAat
chief
cAim'-ney
cAine
cAair
cAalMenge
;Aam-ber
cAamp
cAaff
cAap x -lain
cAap-let
cAarge
cAar^i-ot
cAest
cAeat
cAeek
cAeer
cAer x -ish
cAin
cAis x -el
cAoice
cAoose
cAei^-ry
cAurch
cAalk
cAick x r en
cAink
cAarl
cAeap
eAeese
cAide
cAild
cAip
cAoke
cAurn
c/?,oc x -o-late
cAew
cAill
cAop
cAer-nb
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The chancellor was in the cAapel. He held a cAalice in
one hand and a cAart in the other. The cAaplain looked
towards the cAancel. The cAampion cAallenged the court.
He sat in his cAariot cAafing his hands. The cAief took the
cAain and entered his cAamber. He took a cAair and read a
cAapter which cAarmed him. The cAandler gave him f Aange.
What do you cAarge for your cAerriest During the cAase
he cAanced to fall. Some were cAatting, others were playing
cAess in the cAimney corner. The master cAastised the boy?
and cAecked their pride. He cAiselled the bark of the cAest-
nut tree. I admire your cAoice. The cAicken is not so
as the cAese. Fill the cAest with f Aaff. She tAid the
30
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
c/iild for chewing cAips. It was chilly when wo left the
church. The cAild was as fair as a cherub. Give him some
chocolate.
,<ffc *** *
G, hard, before E, I, and Y.
gird
*/
gear
au'-g-er
gib'-bous
girl
g-eese
bog-gy
gid-dy
girt
get
fog-g-y
gim-let
gift
target
ea-ger
lin-ger
gig
an-ger
mea-gre
drug-gist
gild
dag-g-er
dreg-gy
hun-ger
gills
rag-g-ed
gir-dle
for-g-et'
gimp
stag-g-er
ti-ger
for-give
give
swag-g-er
fin-g-er
to-geth-er
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
on your armor. The girl received a gift. A fish
has gills. Give me a gig. He was in anger. His finger
was cut with a dagger. A gimlet is a small auger. lit
was eager to see a druggist. The moon was gibbous.
He was giddy.
pArase
phlegm
pAe'riix
pAeas-ant
pAren-sy
i{>ropA-et
pAa-lanx
el-e-j^Aant
ser-a^pAim
PH sounded like F.
em'-pAa-sis so^^-ism
sym-pAo-ny sqpA-ist
a-pos x -tro^pAe ser-ap/i
sphere
lympA
cam^Aor
pam-^Alet
^Aan-tom
or-j^Aan
ci-pAer
tri-umpA
blas-joAe-my
epA-od
phys-lc
tro-pAy
eu-pAo-ny
pha-e-ton
al-j^Aa-bet
at-mos-pAere
par-a-joArase
met-a-pAor
ca-tas x -tro-joAe
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Thou speakest in a better pArase. He spoke with pAlegm.
The physic was good. The pAenix arose from its ashes.
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
31
The peasant was caught. He was in a phrensy. The
prophet^ was inspired. The pAalanx was irresistible. The
* elephant was taken. The emphasis was misplaced. He
wrote his own epita^A. He spoke blaspAerny. The atmos-
phere is light. The catastrqpAe was awful. It was written
in cipher. He wrote a parapArase. A pAaeton is a kind of
carriage. He enjoyed a triumpA. An epAod is a garment,
which was anciently worn by priests. The seraph spoke.
Natural philosophy teaches the laws of nature. Euphony an
agreeable sound.
ear-act'
ear-alt
ear-haust
ear-hort
ear-ernpt
ea>ert
X sounded like GZ.
ea:-ist 7
ear-ult
ea>am 7 -me
ear-am-ple
ear-ot-ic
eff-as'-per-ate
ear-or-bi-tant
ea;-ec-u-tive
ea>ec-u-tor
ear-cc-u-trix
ea/-em-pla-ry ea;-em-pli-fy
ea>u 7 -ber-ant
lua:-u-ri-ant
hi2>u-ri-ous
aua;-il-iar-y
ear-on-er-ate
X sounded like KS
ea^-it
ear-treme 7
ear-press 7
e^-pi-ate
ea^-tant
ear-eel
ear- tend
ear-qui-site
ear-tract
ear-cept
ear-pose
liLr-u-ry
ear-change
ea;-cess
ear-cise 7
ear-tat x -ic
ear-plain
ear- pec t
ea,-pound
ear-hib-it
ea>tol
ear-pel
ea^-e-cute
ear-cheq-uer
ear-ceed
ear-pert
ea:-er-cise
ear-claim 7
ea-*-ciade
ear-clu^sive
ear-clu 7 -sioii
ear-ciir 7 -sion
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The whole amount was exacted. He that ezalteth himself
shall be abased. The funds were exhausted. The boy waa
exhorted to obedience. The wounded soldier was exempt
from duty. He exerted all his powers It is natural for
man to exult at his success. An exotic plant. John's conduct
was very exemplary. Many were exasperated. The servant
3 \A THE SPELLING-BOOK.
demanded exorbitant wages. The executive power is vested
in the governor. He was an executor of a will. . Exuber-
ant fertility. The boy was exonerated from all blame
He made his exit. Only a part of Livy is now extant.
An extract from Caesar. He made an exchange. He o/-
plained his meaning. The scholar was extolled. Kincr
Solomon ecceeded all the kings in riches. He was excluded
from the house. James excels in philosophy. Lawyers
expound the law. Exchequer, an ancient court in Eng-
land. The criminal expiated his crimes on the gallows.
WORDS PRONOUNCED ALIKE, BUT DIP-
FERING IN ORTHOGRAPHY AND SIGNI-
FICATION.
ail, to fed pain.
ale, a kind of drink.
air, the atmosphere.
heir, one who inherits.
ere, before.
e'er, ever.
all, the whole.
awl, a sharp instrument.
al-tar, a place for sacrifice.
al-ter, to change.
aunt, a relation.
ant, a small insect.
as-sent 7 , agreement.
as-cent, steepness.
aught, any thing.
ought, obliged by duty.
arc, part of a circle.
ark, a vessel built by Noah
a-loud', with a lond voice.
al-lowed, did allow.
aisle, a passage in a church.
isle, an island.
au'-ger, an instrument.
au-gur, one who foretells.
an-ker, a liquid measure.
an-chor, of a vessel.
adds, increases.
adze, a kind of axe.
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
33
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
A. What ails you ? Three different ales. The cold car.
An heir to an estate. If e'er it happen. Ere you go. A
shoemaker's awl. All his goods. The ascent of a hill. F
gave my assent. If aught prevent us. You ought to go.
The aisle of a church. The isle of Wight. Alter the shape.
A church altar. The arc of a circle. Noah's ark My
aunt found an awf's nest. Read aloud. You will be allowed
to play. The carpenter lost his auger. The augur foretold
the event. The ship was held by the anchor. The anker
was well filled. The miser adds to his property. The
cooper's adze.
bad, iU.
bade, did bid.
bail, surety.
bale; a pared.
ball, a round substance.
bawl, to cry o.
bear, an animal.
bare, without covering.
bark, Ae nno* 0/" a free,
barque, a small vessel,
base, w/Ie.
bass, a part in music.
bay, apart of the sea.
bey, a Turkish officer.
bell, a sounding vesseL
belle, a jfoic young lady.
be, to er/s*
bee, an insect.
beach, the shore.
beech, a kind of tret
beat, to strike.
beet, a root.
ber'-ry, a small fruit.
bu-ry, to iVzter.
blew, aYa* blow.
blue, a co/or.
bough, a branch.
bow, an acf of reverence
bourn, a limit.
borne, carried.
bread, a kind of food
bred, educated.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
B. He bade the bad boy reform. A bale of goods. Out
on bail. Throw the ball. Do not bawl so loud. Polar
bear. Bare feet. The barque has sailed. The bark of a
'j-ee. The man sings the bass. A bast act. The icy
3
34
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
sailed on the bay. Bury the berry in the garden. The
wind blew the blue flag. The bottgh of a tree. Make a bow.
Beat the carpet. Sugar is made of beet-root. Bake the
bread. 'Well-bred children. Be quiet. The bee stings.
Buy some fish. Sit by me. The beech tree never grows on
the beach. The belle of the village. Ring the bell. Jlo
was borne away. The bourn from which no traveller re-
turns,
C.
can -non, a great gun.
can-on, a rule, or law.
cel-lar, a vault.
sell-er, one who sells.
ces-sion, a giving up.
ses-sion, a sitting.
col-lar, for the neck.
chol-er, anger.
coarse, notjine.
course, way, direction.
creak, to make a noise.
creek, a small inlet.
ceil'-ing, a covering.
seal-ing, setting a seal.'
clause, part of a sentence.
claws, the nails of animals.
cite, to tummon.
sight, the act of seeing.
site, situation.
climb, to mount.
clime, climate.
cruise, to sail up and down.
crews, ships'* company.
cyg'-net, a young swan.
sig^net, a seal.
eom'-pli-ment, expression of
civility.
com-ple-ment, full number
coun'-cil, an assembly.
coun-sel, advice.
cru-el, barbarous.
crew-el, worsted.
cous-in, a relation.
coz-en, to cheat.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
C. The canons of the church. Fire the cannons. Thb
seller of rags lived in a cellar. A session of parliament
The cession of a province. His choler rose. The collar of a
coat. The traveller pursued his course. He bought coarse
cloth. The door creaks. The coast has many creeks. He
used sealing-wax. The ceiling of a room. Eagle's claws.
A clause in a will. I had a sight of the site for the house
THE SPELUNO-BOOK.
35
Fie cited him to appear. His cousin tried to cozen us. Dur-
ing tlie cruise, the crews mutinied. A cygnet can swim.
A signet ring. Give my compliments. A full complement
of men. Climb the tree. Eastern climes. The council
adjourned. His counsel was followed. His acts were cruel
The lady worked on crewel.
D.
dear, beloved, costly.
deer, an animal.
due, owing.
dew, vapor.
done, performed.
dun, brown color.
deign, to condescend.
Dane, a native of Denmark.
die, to expire
dye, color.
doe, a female deer.
dough, unbaked paste.
dost, /*07* doe st.
dust,Jine earth.
draft, a bill of exchange.
draught, of water.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
D. My dear son. He shot a deer. Well done. It was
baked to a dun color. The money is due. The dew is on
the grass. Bake the dough. Doc, an animal. A draft on
a banker. A draught of water. Dost thou know that he
was covered with dust 1 I fear he will die. Dye the cloth.
F.
feat, an exploit.
feet, the plural of foot.
faint, languid.
feint, a pretence.
fair, handsome.
flew, cfaW Jfy.
flue, a pipe.
flour, ffroun I wheat
flow'-er, the blossom of a
plant.
fore, in front.
four, in number.
fowl, a 6/rrf.
foul, Jilt hy.
flea, an insect.
flee, #o run az0<zy.
36
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
F. lie perfoimed a feat by jumping three feet. He made
a feint of being faint. Coarse fare. A fair lady. The,
bird flcio up the flue of the chimney. Flour is made of
wheat. Flowers are fragrant. The wagon has four wheels.
The fore wheels were broken. Carve the fowl. Foul
weather. Flee away and be at rest. A flea bit the dog.
G.
grate, made of bars.
great, large.
guilt, crime.
gilt, adorned with gold.
gait, manner of walking.
gate, door, or entrance.
grease, melted fat.
Greece, a country.
groan, to sigh.
grown, increased.
guessed, conjectured.
guest, one entertained in a
house.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
G. An iron gate. A shuffling gait. The fire grate in
the great room. The prisoners guilt. A gilt frame. The
history of Greece. Soap is sometimes made of grease. A
deep groan. The tree is grown. I guessed he was your
H.
hair, of the head.
hare, an animal.
hall, a large ream.
haul, to pull, or drag.
hart, an animal.
heart, the seat of life.
hale, of sound health.
\&\\, frozen rain.
heal, to cure.
heel, part of the foot
hear, to hearken.
here, tn f A place.
higher, more
hire, wages.
him, objective of lie.
hymn, a divine song.
hole, a cavity.
whole, all, the entire
hoop, to bind.
whoop, a shout.
hoard, to amass.
horde, a wandering tribe
hour, sixty minutes
our, belonging to u*
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
37
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
II. He caught a hare. His hair was white. Haul the
net. He is in the hall. Can he heal a wound on the heel?
He works for hire. A higher wall. Tell him to sing a
hymn. The whole day. Dig a hole. A hale, hearty man
A hail storm. A hart darted into the heart of the forest.
He hoards his money. Hordes of barbarians. Come Aere,
Do you hear 1 Stay an hour in our house.
I.
indict, to accuse.
indite, to compose.
inn, a hotel.
in, within.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
I. In great haste he arrived at the inn. He .was indicted.
He can indite a poem.
key,/br a lock.
quay, a wharf.
knead, to work dough.
need, want.
knave, a rogue.
nave, apart of a wheel.
kill, to deprive of life.
kiln, a large stove.
K.
knew, did know.
new, novel, fresh.
knight, a title of honor.
night, time of darkness.
knot, a tie, a difficulty.
not, a word of denial.
know, to understand
no, not any.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
K. I lost a key walking on the quay. They will kill him.
A brick kiln. You need not knead the dough. The knave
broke the nave of the wheel. Do you know him? No, sir
I knew it A new coat. He could not untie the knot
33
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
lain, past participle of lie.
lane, a narrow path.
lead, a kind of metal.
led, conducted.
leak, to run out.
leek, a kind of onion.
lief, willingly.
leaf, of a tret.
liar, one who tells lies.
lyre, a harp.
lo, behold.
low, not high.
loan, any thing lent.
lone, solitary, alone.
lessen, to make less.
lesson, a task.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
L. The horse had lain down in the lane. He was led by
mines. The vessel leaks. Leeks grow in the
the lead mines. The
garden. I would as lief as not. A willow leaf.
a liar. Strike the lyre. Lo, how low he descends !
man. Loan him a hat. I will lessen his ksson.
He is
A lone
M.
made, finished.
maid, a girl, or maiden.
male, the masculine kind.
mail, a bag for letters.
mane, the hair on the neck of
a horse.
main, strength, force.
mar'-shal, the highest rank
in an army.
mar-tial, warlike.
mead, meadow.
meed, praise.
meat, food.
meet, to come tog *ther
mean, low.
mien, air, look.
maize, Indian corn.
maze, an intricate place.
might, strength.
mite, any small thing.
moan, to lament.
mown, cut down.
more, in quantity.
mow'-er, one who mows.
mule, an animal.
mewl, lo cry as a child.
mi'-ner, one who digs.
mi-nor, under age.
mare, a female horse.
may'-or, chief magistrate
T1IK SPELLING-BOOK.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
M The maid made the tart. A maiV-coach with two
male passengers. The mane of a horse. With all his might
and main. The marshal had a martial look. The flowery
mead. His meed of praise. Carve thejneat. Where shall
I meet you ? I might have come. The widow's mite. I
heard him moan. The grass is mown. What do you mean ?
A noble mien. The mower mowed more grass. The mayor
rode a white mare. Minors are. not of age. Miners work
in mines*
nay not so.
N.
I neigh, the voice of a hortt.
oar, to row with.
ore, a mineral.
o'er, for over.
one, in number.
O.
won, did win.
ode, a poem, or song.
owed, was indebted.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
N. Horses neigh. Do not say nay.
O. He lost his oar rowing o'er the lake. Copper ore.
Recite the ode. He owed money. They won one battle.
P.
pail, a wooden vessel.
pale, white.
pane, a square of glass.
pain, suffering.
pair, a couple.
pare, to cut thinly
pear, a fruit.
peak, the top
pique, a grudge.
peer, a/i e^wa/, a nobleman
pier, ^os/ <?/" a bridge.
place, locality.
plaice, a kind of fish.
plane, a tool.
plain, smooth, level.
pole, a long staf.
THE IPELL1NO-BOOK.
poll, the head.
paws, feet of animals.
pause, a stop.
peal, a loud sound.
peel, rind, or skin.
pray, to beseech. %
prey, booty.
profit, gain.
prophet, one who foretells.
plum, a kind of fruit.
plumb, a leaden weight.
pore, small passage.
pour, to empty out liquor.
peace, quiet, rest.
piece, a portion.
please, to give pleasure.
pleas, pleadings.
plait, to fold.
plate, a dish.
EXERCISES FOR WHITING.
P. A pak face. A pail of milk. Acute pain. A pane
of glass. You cannot pare a pear with a pair of scissors.
The peak of Teneriffe. They pique themselves on this. A
British peer built a pier. Taste this plaice. A pretty place.
A plain statement. A carpenter's plane. A peal of bells
Orange peel. He prays daily A bird of prey. He de-
served praise. Profit by good adv ; ce. A false prophet. He
pours out water. The pores of the body. A piece of cloth.
First in war and peace. A silver plate. She plaits the lir n
finely.
R,
rain, water from the clouds.
reign, to rule.
rein, part of a bridle.
raise, to lift up.
*rays, beams of light.
raze, to level with the ground.
rite, ceremony.
right, just.
wright, a workman.
write, to make letters.
ring, a circle.
wring, to twist.
tap, to strike
wrap, to roll together.
rye, a kind of grain.
wry, crooked.
roe, the eggs of a Jish.
row, a line t a rank.
rung, did ring.
wrung, twisted.
rough, not. smooth.
ruff, an article of dress
read, did read.
red, a color.
reek, smoke, vapor.
wreak, to execute vengeance
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
41
roar, to make a loud noise.
row'-er, one who rows.
rote, frequent repetition of
words.
Vrote, did write
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
1 R. The rain fell. Hold the rein tight. The reign of
terror. The sun's rays. Raise him gently. They in-
tended to raze the city. The rights of freemen. The rites
of the church. The boy learned his lesson by rvte, and then
wrote a copy. A gold ring. They wring their hands. A
rap at the door. Wrap yourself up. A field of rye. Wry
faces. The boy read too fast. He had a red nose. Rough
stones. A lace ruff. The rower was frightened at the roar
of the sea.
S.
seen, beheld.
scene, a view.
sew, to use a needle. .
sow, to scatter.
so, thus, in this manner.
sleight, dexterity.
slight, trivial , small.
soul, the spirit.
sole, the bottom of the. foot.
steal, to take by theft.
steel, hardened iron.
stare, to look with wonder.
stair, a step.
see, to behold.
sea, the ocean.
stake, a post.
steak, a slice of meat.
straight, right, direct.
strait, a narrow passage.
stile, steps.
style, manner of writing.
some, part of any whole
sum, the amount.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
S Have you seen him? A beautiful scene. Sow the seed
Sew the linen so. Sleight of hand. A slight hurt. Do not
steal. A steel knife. The lowest stair. Do not stare.
Give me some idea of the sum total. Jump over the stilt.
A style of writing. The sole of his shoe. The soul of a
good man. See the blue sea. A beef-steak. The stake was
made of word. A straight line. The strait of Magellan.
4*
42
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
T.
tacks, small nails.
lax, a rate.
tale, a story.
tail, the extremity.
tear, water from the eye.
tier, a row, a rank.
team, a yoke of oxen.
teem, to produce.
their, belonging to them.
there, in that place.
threw, did throw.
through, from one end to the
other.
:
toe, part of the foot.
tow, coarse part of Jlax.
time, measure of duration.
thyme, a kind of plant.
to, unto, towards.
too, also, overmuch.
two, twice one.
tide, rising and fatting of
the sea.
tied, bound.
tare, a weed, an allowance in
weight.
tear, to rend.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
T. Give me two tacks. The income tax. A sad tale.
The tail of a horse. He shed a tear. The upper tier of
boxes. A team of oxen. The villages teem with inhabit-
ants. They left their carriage there. He threw himself
down, and slept through the night. The tide rose. His
hands were tied. We are too late. Two apples. Come to
me. He, tears his clothes in pulling up the tares. The
thyme grows in a short time. He put a piece cf tow cloth
over his toe.
V.
vain, empty, false.
vane, a weathercock.
vein, a blood-vessel.
vale, a valley.
veil, covering.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
V. The physician opened a vein. He was a vain
The vane points south. A silk veil. The vale of Temp6
THE SPELLING-BOOK. 43
w.
wane, to grow less,
wood, forest.
would, past tense of will,
wade, to walk in the water
weighed, did weigh.
way, road, cou. >j.
weigh, to try the weight,
weak, feeble.
week, the space of seven
days.
wain a wagon.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
W. Weigh the goods. Come this way. I felt weak last
week. They wade across the stream. They weighed the
gold. He would go into a wood.
RULES FOR SPELLING.
RULE I. Monosyllables ending with F, L, or S, preceded
by a single vowel, double the Jinal consonant ; as,
muff pass bliss fell
mass puss spell puff
mill miss wall grass
staff guess toll gross
Exceptions.
his has us this
was as thus if
is gas yes of
RULE II Monosyllables ending with any other consonan
but F, L, or S, do not double the final consonant ; as,
bib kid mud dim
fib bid big skim
glib did rig slim
nib hid dig trim
Exceptions.
butt add odd err
buzz elb egg purr
44
THE IPELLING-BOOE.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Tie went to mill with a stajT. He pushed the ski/ with a
sli/ pole near the cYif. The ta// gras5. He plays chess.
Light the gas. He lays stress on his ski//. Sell the scroll
A man can di^ in the mud. A bi^ kid.
RULE III. Monosyllables and roots ending with an accented
consonant preceded by a single vowel, double the last con-
sonant in their derivatives.
chat
cha/'-fing
crag
crag^-g-y
stab
stafr-fang
smut
smutty
rob
rob-ber.
run
run-ner
sob
sob-bing
sin
sin-ning
rub
nib-b'mg
in
in-yer .
bed
bed-ding
whiz
v^hiz-zing
trod
trod-den
be-gin 7
be-giw / -;?er
bud
bud-ding
de-bar
de-barred
lag
lagg-ed
de-mur
de-mur-ring
rag
ragged
en-rol
en-ro//ed
brag
brag*-gurt
con-trol
con-tro/-/ing
beg
beggar
ex-tol
ex-to/-/ing
big
big'-g'er
a-bet
a-be/-/or
hem
hem-mi ng
be-fit
be-fi/-/ing
Bwim
swiw-mer
ad-mit
ad-mi/-/ed
hum
hummed
sub-mit
sub-mi/-/ing
drum
drum^mer
ac-quit
ac-qui/-/ing
sum
summed
per-mit
per-mi/-/ing
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The begg'ar was staged by the robber. The little drum
mer sat in the inner room so66ing. Some one running had
trodden on his toe. The big-^er boy hid the India ru&6er
between the bedding. An arrow whizzed by them as they
fat chafing. The ra^ed boy was humming. Though only
a beginner, he will make a good swimmer. She penni/fed
*h thild to go on hemming. At first the man demurred, but
THE SPELLING-BOOK. 45
soon admitted him, whe~n he heard of the acquitfal of his
friend. A craggy path overgrown with budding flowers
lie behaved in a befitting manner, submitting to his superiors.
He was debarred the privilege. The braggart exto//ed him-
self. The men were enro//ed.
RULE IV.
the last
If a diphthong precede the Jinal consonant, or
syllable be not accented, the consonant remain*
single.
cheat
chea/'-ed
lim'-it
lim'-iJ-ed
beam
bea'W-ing
ben'-e-fit
ben'-e-fiMng
beat
bea~en
in-her'-it
in-her'-i/-ance
drain
drained
rea'-son
rea'-so?i-er
heap
heaped
vis-it
vis-i-ing
join
joi/t-er
beg-gar
beg-ga?*ed
maim
maimed
mur-mtir
mur-mur-ing
rail
r aiZ-ing
big-ot
big-o/-ed
toil
toi/ed
prof-it
prof-i/-ed
steam '
steam-er
suf-fer
suf-fer-er
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The sufferers submitted without murmuring. The crew
of the steamer toi/ed the whole night. Not profiling by ad-
vice, he remained bigoted to his own opinion, and was soon
beggared. The joiner fell from the rai/ing and was mai;/zed.
He was cheated out of his inheritance. He is visaing his
friends and benefiting by the change. The carpets were
beaten and heaped up together. The reasoner limited his
remarks. His face beawed. lie drained the cup.
RULE V. Words of two or three syllables ending in I.,
though not accented on the last syllable, double the final
L in their derivatives.
e'-qual
ri-val
mar-shal
un-e / -qua//ed
ri 7 -va/-/ing
mar-shaWed
li'-bel
rev-el
can-eel
rt-v-eWinir
ean-ce/
9 * " ^
46
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
par'-cel
mod-el
cud-gel
trav-el
grav-el
par'-ceZZed
mod-eZZed
cud-geZZed
trav-eZZed
grav-eZZed
dn'-el du'-eZ-/ist
dish-ev x -el dish-ev'-e/Ze'l
gam'-bol gam'-bo/-/ing
pen-cil pen-ciZZed
eu-am'-el en-am'-eZZed
EXEPCISES FOR WRITING.
The troops were rmrshaZZed in order. DisheveZZed liair.
The problem was solved by canceZZing. He had traveZZcd
over enameZZed meadows. The sculptor is mode//ing a
figure. He penciled some remarks. The walk was grav-
e/Zed. The due//ist \\belled the traveller. Unequa//ed cour-
age. The children gamboZZing on the green. The land waa
parceZZed out.
RULE VI. Words ending in LL lose one L when com-
pounded, and also in their derivatives formed by adding
NESS, LESS, FUL, Or LY,
aZ-be'-it
aZ-migh-ty
aZ'-so
beZ-man
although'
gos-peZ
skiZ-fuZ
beZ-fry
we Z- fare
wiZ-fuZ
hand-fuZ
duZ-ness
mouth-fuZ
fuZ-ness
book-fuZ
skiZ-Zess
nee-dle-fuZ
aZ-read'-y
aZ-to-geth'-er
use-fuZ
aZ-most
aZ 7 -ways
with-aZ 7
ful-fiZ
un-tiZ
squaZ 7 -Zy
hiZ-Zy
chiZ-Zy
fuZ-Zy
stiZ-Zy
droZ-Zy
iW 7 -ness
taZZ-ne.ss
Exceptions.
stiZZMiess
smaZZ-ness
shriZZ'-ness
chiZZ-ness
THE SPELLVNG-BOOK. 47
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
A handfuZ of nuts. A needlefuZ of thread. AZthough
youthfuZ, he is already usefuZ, and promises to be skiZfuZ. I
am fully prepared to fuZfiZ my promise. The beZman stood
in the beZfry. It is aZways chiZZy in this hiZZy country
The smaZZness of the house. The duZness of the weather.
Stay untiZ the wiZful man returns. SquaZZy weather. The,
house is aZtogether hidden by the taZZness of the trees, fu/-
ness of hope.
RULE VII. Roots ending in silent E omit this E in. their
derivatives formed by ABLE,* IBLE, iNG,t ISH, Y, ANCE,
and AL.
cure
cu'-ra-ble
pre-cede 7 pre-ce'-ding
blame
bla-ma-ble
ride
ri'-ding
sense
sen-si-ble
lodge
lod-ging
force
for-ci-ble
take
ta-king
rec'-on-cile
rec-on-ci x -la-ble
like
li-king
im-ag'-ine
im-ag^in-a-ble
come
com-ing
de-cline
de-cli-na-ble
pine
pi-ning
corn-pare
conV-pa-ra-ble
slave
sla-vish
ad-mire
ad-mi-ra-ble
pale
pa-lish
de-sire
de-si'-ra-ble
swine
swi-nish
de-pi ore
de-plo-ra-ble
white
whi-tish
ex-cuse
ex-cu-sa-ble
ice
i-cy
con-ceive
con-cei-va-ble
i-dle
i-dly
con-vince
con-vin-cing
guide
gui-dance
trade
tra x -ding
bride
bri^dai
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The most admirable plan imaginable. A deplorable
An incurable complaint. The roguish fellow took lodging in
the most desirable street. His conduct is not only blamablc t
* Exceptions. Peaceable, serviceable, changeable, chargeable, move-
able.
t Exception*. Singeing, swingeing, hoeing, and shoeing.
4b THE SPELLING-BOOK.
but inexcusable. As we were riding out on the preceding
day, we saw some incomparable scenery. This sensible man.
Forcible and convincing arguments. A thievish man. Icy
cold. A good contrivance. At your disposal.
RULE VIII. Roots ending in silent E retain the E in their
derivatives, formed by LESS, NESS, LY, FUL, MKNT.
life
lifeMess
like like / -ness
force
force-less
rude rude-ness
shame
shame-less
pale pale-ness
name
name-less
i'-dle i'-dle-ness
shape
shape-less
base base / -ness
care
care-less
hoarse hoarse-ness
tame
tame-ly
peace peace-ful
home
home-ly
wake wake-ful
base
base-ly
care care-ful
mere
mere-ly
spite spite-ful
wise
wise-ly
shame shame-ful
late
late-ly
waste waste-ful
en-tice 7 en-tice / -ment
ad-vance ad-varice-ment
man'-age man'-age-ment
en-gage 7 en-gage'-ment
in-duce in-duce-ment
en-cour'-age en-cour'-age-ment
Exceptions.
due, du'-ly ; true, tru'-ly ; whole, wholMy ; awe,
ul ; judge, judgement ; a-bridge 7 , a-bridg'-ment
ac-knowP-edge, ac-knowF-edg-ment.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
His idleness and rudenrss are shameful. He has wisely
resolved to give no encouragement to such shameless conduct.
This careless management has ruined him. We lately re-
marked \\\* paleness. He had barely risen when he fell life-
THE afKLLlNO-BOOK. 49
lest. It was merely a likeness. Be careful, or your hoarse"
IH*S will return. A forceless argument. A spiteful story.
A wakeful bird.
RULE IX. iVoi/ws having other ending than F, H, O, S, X,
or Y preceded by a consonant, form their plurals by add*
ing S.
mobs
beaks
farms
blows
heads
beds
specks
kicks
beams .
doors
eels
firs
lids
corks
streets
bars
floods
coals
roots
COWJ
RILE X. Nouns ending in a silent E form their plurals by
adding S.
babes
bribes
fa'-ces
jud'-ges
jokes
dukes
canes
stones
shoes
chee'-ses
mu-ses
brutes
pla-ces
guides
brid'-ges
ap'-ples
flames
names
hopes
hares
toes
cave*
hives
side*
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Three bags of beans. Two casks of cork?. The mobs
stole many things from the shops hams, coals, eggs, &G.
The horse's kicks broke his legs. The birds had specks on
their beaks and heads. The eels slipped through the bars
There were forms in the halls. The men used their saws
to open their trunks.
The judges went over the bridges. The judges stopped
at several places. The babes were in cradles. The mule*
were laden with apples. He sent me some dates and cheese* .
Many brutes live in caves. There were manv
ty
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
RULE XI. Nouns ending in
CH soft, SH,
SS, or O 7>r*
ceded by a.
consonant, form
their plurals by
adding ES.
peach'-es
mch'-es
porch'-c<?
scratch'-*.*
coach-*9
bunch-es
church-e5
wretch-c*
branch-^
march-es
match-es
crutch-*5
bench-es
perch-es
batch-^5
pouch-**
dash-es
hash-es
dish-c
bush-e*
gash-es
sash-es
wish-e5
brush-^5
class-es
hiss-es
truss-r5
god x -dcss-e5
glass-es
loss-es
cross-^s
coiiiH-ess-^3
tax-es
lynx-es
fox-e5
in-dcx-es
sex-cs
box-es
pha'-lanx-^
cru'-ci-fix-cj
por'-ti-cocs
he-ro^
po-ta'-toe5
mot'-toes
car'-goes
ne-groe5
mu-lat-toe5
bra-voes
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
They carried torches in their marches. The churches
were decorated with branches. Three bunches of matches.
Benches were under the porches. The trenches were four
perches long. Flashes of lightning. The rattling of sashes.
None of the parishes complied with his wishes. The asses
carried trusses of hay. Heroes and goddesses belong not to
this age. The countesses pitied the negroes. The cargoes
of potatoes have arrived. Crucifixes were placed under the
porticoes. The books have indexes. The taxes were paid.
The forest is full of lynxes and foxes The grottoes arc
decorated with mottoes.
RULE XII. Nouns ending in Y, preceded by a consonant,
form t \eir plurals by changing tlie Y into IES.
mcr'-cy
mef-ties
fol'-ly
fol'-Vcs
fan-cy
fan-tics
ar-my
ar-mics
ni-by
m-bies
com'-pa-ny
corry-pa-ntVs
mal x -a-dy
mal'-a-dtes
gal-le-ry
gal-le-nV.s
trag-e-dy
trag-e-dies
dai x -sy
dai'-sies
ef-fi-gy
ef-fi-g^
so-ci'-e-ty
SO-C\'-C~tl6S
THE SPELLING-BOOK." 51
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The ladies wore rubies. The alhes burnt effigies of their
enemies. He sent many copies of the tragedies to different
societies. The babies were playing with daisies and poppies.
In great cities are many follies. The tree is covered with
berries.
Ruie XIII. Nouns ending in Y, preceded by a voicel, form
their plurals by adding S.
bays ways al'-leys mon'-eyj
days chirry-neys men-keys buoys
de-lays' at-torMieys gal-leys boys
plays jour'-neys pul-leys toys
<
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The su:i's r:iy* fell on the chimneys. He made many'
journeys. Tiui attorneys were angry at the delays. The
monkeys were on the chimneys. The boys were at their
plays through the long days in summer.
RULE XIV. Tlit following noitnt, ending in F and FE,
form their plurals by changing their endings into VES.*
loa/
loaves
cal/
calm?
wol/
wolves
shea/
sheaves
hal/
halves
life
'lives
lea/
leases
!/
elves
kni/e
knives
thief
thie?;es
shelf
shelves
wife
wives
sta/f
stages
sel/
selves
wharf
wharves
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The thieves stole five loaves. . The ground was covered
with leaves. Wolwes sometimes carry off cal ITS. The knires
* Chief t handkerchief, grief > hoof, roof, reproof, scarf, turf, gulf,
ttrife, and safe, form their plurals by adding *.
* The compounds of ttaff form their plurals by adding $.
53 THE SPELLING-BOOK.
were on ihz shel^5. The wolves hid themselves among the
leaves in the garden, and thus saved their luvs. The loares
were cut in halves with the knifes.
RULE XV. Words ending in Y, preceded by a consonant
change th Y into I, in their derivatives.
fun'-cy fau 7 -czed fan'-ci-ful fan'-ctes
rem'-e-dy rem-e-dtes rem-e-dz'ed re-med'-/-less
stud'-y stud-ies stu-di-ous stud'-ted
de-fy' de-fzed 7 de-fi v -aiice de-i
sig x -ni-fy sig'-ni-fies sig x -ni-fted sig-ni-iV-ca'-tion
vra-ry va-ri'-e-ty va-n-ous va-rf-a'-tion
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
We fanc/ed he was stud/ous. He was not satisfied. The
merc/less tyrant sets every one at defiance. The cries of
the cr/er were easily heard. He defied his enemies. The.
meaning is fanciful.
RULE XVI. When a vowel precedes the Y Jinal, or when ING
15 added, the Y is retained.
hur'-ry huV-ry-ing oc'-cu-py oc x -cu-py-ing
pit-y pit-y-ing fan^cy fan x -cy-ing
em-ploy 7 em-ployMng
stud x -y stud x -y-ing
de-stroy 7 de-stro^-ing
pac x -i-fy pac x -i-fy-ing
en-joy 7 en-joy x -ing
de-stroyed de-stroy-ing
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
We delayed our visit, fancying he was enjoying himself.
Instead of employing his time properly, he was playing all
day. They are dyeing the cloth. I fear he is dying. The
boys were buying apples.
THE SPELLING-BOOK. ^v
RILE XVII. Words in which the consonant is not df bled.
hat- -it eZ'-e-gant dara'-age e7?'-e-my
maZ-ice de-veZ'-op rap-id ver'-y
paZ-ace deZ'-uge par-ish me/-al
baZ-ance cap-i-tal knav-ish ven-om
saZ-ad peZ-i-can creeZ-it meZ-on
, li/n-it pro;/-er spir-it hon-or
nmi-ute mo^Z-est vis-it ho?i-est
con-ti7i'-ue bod-y criZ-ic giv-er
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
A bad ha&it. No damage was done to the capital. Mal-
ice is venomous. In the paZace there are some very eZegant
rooms BaZance the account with the parish officer. His
lavish expenditure caused his rapid ruin. The linen will
be sent in a few minutes. I intend to visit that cify. Horcof
the king. Continue to be howest. A moral character.
RULE XVIII. TJie consonant is doubled in the following
words, and some others.
ca6 x -tage -gaZ x -Zop ar^-row beZ x -/ow
scat-tard taZ-Zo\v mar-row ceZ-Zar
shab-by ham-mei bar-ren pen-ny
lad-der an-nals ca^-do ke?i-?iel
da^-o-er ap-/?le pet-tie pep-per
hajo-py feZ-Zow beZ-Zer
squir-rel roZ-Zer rum-magQ
scrit-tle bi-er co//i-77ia siim-meT
piZ-Zage cof-fee com^mon cu??-7zing
piZ-Zar co/^er cop-per buZ-ter
EXERCISES FOR WRITING
A shatty fellow. Cattages grew near the apple-trees
Mend the ladder with a hammer. He drew the dagger from
the scattard. A gaZZo i of ale. A hazard look. A ceZZar
of wine. A nimble sc lirrel. A cup of coffee. A cojfer
full of copper coins. A piZZar of salt. Bitter almonds.
54 THE SPJELL1NG-UOUK.
WORDS CONTAINING SYLLABLES OR PARTS
OF SYLLABLES PRONOUNCED ALIKE, OR
NEARLY ALIKE, BUT SPELLED DIFFER-
ENTtY.
AU and AW.
cau'-cus
aw'-buni
ai0'-ful
maur'-kish
law-rel
plau-dit
law-ful
law-suit
au-thor
awc-ticm
az0k-\vard
straw'-ber-ry
gc/M-dy
saw-sage
taw-ny
awn'-ing
pau-per
pau'-ci-ty
law-yer
taw-dry
cau-tion
naw-ti-cal
saw-yer
haw-thorn
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
A caucus was caJled by a lawyer. The author was filled
with awful forebodings. The pamper had a tawny skin.
Hawthorns were sold at auction. The sawyer had aw burn
Jocks. There was a pawcity of strawberries. Lawsuits
should be conducted with cawtion. The sailor had but little
nawtical skill. The speaker received the plaudits of the
assembly.
IE and EL
grief a-clueve 7 ei'-ther per-c^ve 7
chief be-h'eve neither re-cVe
thief re-h'eve lei-sure de-ceit
fief re-pri'eve set-zure re-ce/pt
grieve re-tn'eve con-ceive' con-ceft
ag-grieve 7 be-siege de-ceive pre'-con-ce/ve
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
We are often deemed by the appearance of grit?. The
thz'ef did not rec ?tve his deserved punishment. He was
aggrieved when he perceived the result. He achieved hia
THE SPELLING-BOOK. 55
purpose when he made a seizure of the goods. The receipt
relieved him from embarrassment. After he was relieved, he
had ie/sure.
EA as in BEAT, and EA as in THREAT.
fea 7 -son hea x -then threat'-en pheas 7 -ant
sea-son bea-ver weap-on weath-er
trea-son wea-ver feath-er break-fast
beat-en deal-er leath-er stead-fast
wheat-en neat-ness heav-en mectd-ow
mea-gre weak-ness read-y en-deav'-or
wea-sel eon-ceal 7 heav-y research
wea-sand con-geal zeal-ous in-stead 7
bea-con ap-peal jeal-ous be-head
bea-dle re-veal pleas-ant heav'-i-ly
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Reason is a moral weapon. The season is pleasant.
Treason is threatened. It is not heavier than a feather.
The weasel was found in the meadow. The beaver was
clearly seen. He saw the beacon while at breakfast. He
wished to conceal his endeavors. The beadle was zealous in
his duties. The pheasant was concealed. He was steadfast
in his appeal. The master was earnest in his endeavors.
Water will congeal. His researches were not concealed.
The missionary was zealous in the salvation of the heathen.
He was jealous of his rival.
OU and OW.
cotmMy
sur-rotmd'
flow 7 -er
trow; 7 -el
botm-ty
com-pownd
shower
drow-sy
bomid-less
pro-pownd
loiter
coz^-slip
count-less*
ex-pound
pow-der
cloi^n-ish
clow-dy
re-downd
choz0-der
trotr-sers
cotm-ter
de-ncmnce
f0201-er
al-low/
flown-der
le-sound
cow-aid
ie-nown.
found-ling
as-townd
dow-xy
em-poi^H
cou-fo/md'
ca-rowse
vo?r-el
en-dowr 7
TO THE M'KLLING-BOOK.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
FJowerp abound in the cot/ntry. Showers are frequent in
cloi/dy weather. The coward was confounded by the noise
of the powder. The fowler caught a flor/udcr for c\wirder.
The cowslips were countless. lie acquired renown by ex-
panding the law. He was empowered to propound sever 1 1
queries. His habits were clownish. The judge allowed the
dowry. Long and short vowels should not be confounded.
AID and ADE.
maid
braid
staid
paid
a-frairf'
up-braia*
mer'-maid
bride-maid
fade
shade
trade
spade
de-grade*
in-vadc
cru-sade
prom-e-uadcf
brain
grain
gain
or-dain'
AIN and ANE.
dis-da/??/
con-strain
por x -ce-lain
ap-per-tain 7
wane
crane
bane
in-sane'
pro-fane
nr-bane
chi-cane
im-patV
re-pair
af-fair
un-fair
de-spair
mo'-hair
cor-sair
AIR, ARE, and EAR.
pre-pare 7 tear
in-snare swear
de-clare wear
corn-pare for-swear'
a-ware far-bear
wcl x -far
EUCHCI8K8 FOR WRITING.
The maid braided her hcu'r. Flowers fade in the sh<vlr.
The apprentice stoia* two fears to learn a tradt. Tin-
gardener paiW for his spa^. The boy was afraid to go.
THE SPELLING-BOOK. O/
The man was degraded. The enemy invaocd ihe country.
The clergyman was ordr//?ied. He disda/'/is the society of
bad men. Love constrains. Porcela/w, the finest earthen-
ware. He was a huma?ie man. Wicked men profane the
Sabbath. His health was impaired, lie prepared to go.
The injury was repaired. He was fully aware of the state
of affairs. Beware of the corsair. The welfare of t he-
country. The man forbears to declare. He wears a coat
of mohair. Thou shalt not forswear thyself. He is in great
despair. He compares the two coins. Youth are often
insnared.
suc-ceed'
pro-cecd
ex-ceed
BED ana* EDE.
re-cede
pie-cede
SB-cede*
in-ter-c
su-per-sede
EME, EAM, and EEM.
su-prme' ream es-4eem'
ex-tceme
dream
re-deem
ENE, EAN, EEN, and INE.
se-reiif/
\)ean
ea-reen'
ton-tine 1
con-vene
clean
mo-reen
fas-cine
ob-scene
dean
be-tween
ma-rme
in-ier-vene
lean
\m-see?i
co\-ber-tine
con-trz-vcne
mean
tn-reen
mag-a-zt?ic
wean
v\s-ta-reen
tam'-bou-r/;^
ETE, EAT, and EET.
cwn-plete de-feaP greet
re-pi ete re-treat fLeet
con-Crete en-treat discreet*
59
TUB SPELLING-BOOK.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
He acceded to my request. He succeeded in the attempt
Consuls were preceded by lictors. Proceed with the story.
The work was supersede! by a better. Intercede for me.
They seceded from the association. He exceeded his allow-
ance. The commands of God are upre/ne, and should be
ever held in high esteem. The pleasure was e\;n //<,. Some
animals were reckoned unclean. He demeans himself with
humility. The man redeems his pledge. The sky was
serene. The ship was careened. The ditches were filled
with fascines. Marine shells. The curtains were made of
moreen. Colbertine, a kind of lace. The magazine was
well filled with stones. Tambourine, a kind of drum.
Nothing of importance intervened between the sessions.
The tureen was well filled. The boy lost a pistareen. The
edifice is complete. The enemy was defeated. His words
were replete with guile. A discreet general will sometimes
make a retreat. Numbers are sometimes concrete, and
sometimes abstract.
gaz-et-teer 7
vol-un-teer
en-gi-neer
moim-tain-eer
auc-tion-ecr
pri-va-teer
mu-ti-neer
dom-i-ueer
EER, IER, ERE,
*and EAR.
fi-nan-cs'er 7
sin-cere 7
hear
brig-a-dzer
cav-a-1/er
co-here
ad-here
clear
drear
r chan-de-Jier
cas-si-niere 7
near
buc-ca-mer
in-ter-fere
en-dear 7
gon-do-h*er
gren-a-dier
cui-ras-s/er
per-se-vere
at-mos-phere
ap-j>M//-
Bur-raor
be-snuar
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The gazetteer was read by the light of the chandeher.
The engineer was not a skilful financier. The auctionrer
was compelled to interfere. The grenadier was clothed iu
THE SPELLING-BOOK,
sassimere. The buccan/ers were chased by privateera The
cavalier was fully armed. The atmosphere surrounds the
earth. Honor's fair career. He was supported by his com-
peers. The veneer did not adhere closely. His efforts were
sincere. The man appeared to be austere. The surfaces
being besmeared with glue, cohere. The distress of a friend
him to us. The arrears were paid.
vir'-tue
val--Me
UE and EW.
sub-due 7 cnr'-few
res'-cue sin-ew
con-tin'-we re-new*
mil'-dew
es-cheio'
be-dew
curse
nurse
purse
URSE, ERSE, and ERCE.
re-verse* Si-merce*
con-verse co-erce
dis-perse com'-merce
mi-merse
UR and ER.
de-mwr 7
re-cur
oc-cur
con-cwr'
iii-cur
de-fer 7
in-fer
de-ter
con-fer'
pre-fer
EXERCI&ES FOR WRITING.
The valwe of virtue. The ringing of the curfew was intro
duced into England. Th) lawyer argwes well. He subdued
his enemies. His cheeks were bedewed with tears. He
eschewed evil, and pursz/ed good. The mildew continued,
lie came to the rescue. His sinews were strong. Bless
and curse not. He wrote in verse. His style was ten>e.
The nurse was immersed. Money was disbursed from the
public treasury. The crowd was dispersed. The criminal
W THE SPELLING-BOOK.
was Amerced to the amount of one hundred dollars. The
merchant conversed freely on commerce. The boy was
very perverse. The defendant demurs to the declaration of
the plaintiff. He* defers the execution of his purpose. He
prefers to concur. The same idea recurs to the mind. The
word occ?/rs in many places. Many circumstances may
deter a man from his undertaking. He incurs blame.
ACE and ASE.
ef-face 7 re-trace 7 a-base* de-base'
de-face mis-place e-rase en-case
dis-grace un-lace
UCE and USE.
ad-duce' in-dwce 7 re-clwse' ex-cwse'
tra-dwce con-dwce a-bwsc ab-struse
de-dwce re-dwce <.b-tuse ref-wse
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
He effaced the name. The figure was defaced. The
signature was erased. Whoever exalteth himself shall be
abased. A drunkard debases himself. The traveller re-
traced his steps. The book was misplaced. He adduced
many reasons for an excwse. The recluse was traduced. An
abstruse science. His intellect was obtuse. A truth is de-
duced. Temperance conduces to health.
AIN, IN, and INE.
chief-tain ba'-sm fam'-inc
chap-lain rai-sin en-gi/jc
cap-tarn ros-iw des-tinc
bar-gain res-in er-mine
cer-tain ver-min rap-iwe
cur-tam mar-gin doc-trine
THE SPELJ.INO-BOOK. 61
mnr'-raw or-i-gs/* saii'-gmne
mouu-tain ur'-chw pris-tine
foun-tam fir-km med'-^cin*
vil-lam pump-km mas-cu-liwe
mus-li/i fem-i-ni7te
EXERCISES FOR WHITING.
The chieftains of Scotland were noble men. They had
a chaplain in the army. The basin was well filled with
raisi/js. The captain made a good bargain. The vermin
were covered with resin. He was certain that the water
would cover the margin. Tlie urchin found a fountain at
the foot of a mountain. The villain filled his firkin with
pumpki/is. He was sanguine in the belief of the doctrine.
Some nouns are sometimes masculi?ic and sometimes femi-
nize. The famine was great. The medicine cured the
murrain. The origin of the false doctrine was certain.
AL, EL, and LE.
med'-al nov'-el mar x -b/6
na-taZ mar-ve/ cra-d/e
scan-daZ par-ceZ ap-p/e
lo-cal bar-re/ sad-d/e
fru-gaZ fen-nel stop-pte
plu-raZ grav-eZ bi-b/e
jour-naZ shov-el cut-tie
roy-aZ bnsh-eZ ket-t/e
an'-i-maZ jevv-eZ tre-b/e
prin-ci-paZ ves-seZ prin'-ci-pfe
ina-te^-naZ in'-fi-deZ du-ra-b/e
fra-ter-naf cit-a-deZ as-sem'-b/e
doc x -tri-naZ chan'-neZ ig-no-bZe
ex-ter x -naZ sen'-ti-neZ au 7 -di-bte
con'-ju-gaZ ap-par x -eZ ca-pa-bZe
im-mor'-taZ coun x -seZ val'-u-a-bZe
THK SPKLLINd-ROOK.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The lx>y received a medal. He bought a barrc/ of
He found a small partic/e of marb/e. An immorta/ princip/e
The principrr/ citade/ was taken. The bibfe is full of doc-
rim// instruction. The farmer gave a btishr/ of meal to his
catt/e. The sadd/e was found in the channe/. The sentinel
was alarmed at the spectac/e. He was clothed in royal
appare/.
AR, ER, OR, and RE.
tar'-tor
man'-ncr
may'-or
gram-mar
mat-ter
sai4-or
mor-tar
dan-ger
trai-tor
dol-lar
man-ger
au-thor
col-lar
pa-per
doc-tor
keg-gar
pray-er
mir-ror
.cel-lar
wait-er
suit-or
ce-dar
an-ger
tu-tor
nee-tar
lead-er
an'-ces-tor
pil-lar
mea-ger
au-di-tor
su-gar
heif-er
em-pe-ror
vul-gar
leg-er
spec-ta'-tor
joc'-u-lar
bea-ver
trans-la-tor
pop-u-lar
preach-er
sur-vey-or
reg-u-lar
ea-ger
col-lec-tor
scim-e-tar
tem-per
con-duc-tor
sin-gu-lar
bri-er
in-struc-tor
vin-e-gar
buy-er
coun^sel-lor
mus-cu-lar
hin-der
ag-gres'-sor
som'-bre
sa-bre
mea-gre
mau-gre
om-bre
cen-tre
scep-t/*e
spec-tre
o-chre
lu-cre
lus-tre
mas x -sa-cre
salt-pe x -tre
the 7 -a-tre
sep-nl-chre
ma-noBu'-vre
re-con-noi x -tre
con-cen x -tre
am-phi-the'-a-tre
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The mayor was not pleased with the manner of teaching
grammar. The waiter received a dollar from the manager
of the theatre. The traitor sold his country for filthy lucre.
The aggressor caused a great massacre with his scimitar. A
popular preacher. Vulgar minds are ften disturbed by
63
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
.
spectres. The leader of the orchestra lost his temper. He
reconnoitred the camp of the enemy. A singular manoeuvre.
A sailor lost his sabre. The collector was eager to collect
fhe duty on sugar. A jocular conductor. The spectator
was leaning against the pillar. The doctor was seized by
he collar. A singular author.
ABLE and IBLE.
Im'-da-ble
prob-a-ble
de-s\'-ia-ble
S3\-va-ble
ca-pa-ble
teu-a-ble
mn-ta-ble
suit-a-ble
\\-a-ble
c\\\-pa-ble
port-a-ble
ven'-er-a-ble
re-uew'-a-ble
re-spect-a-ble
re-mark-a-&Ze
a- vail -a- b le
langh'-a-6/<2
af-fa-ble
sy\-\a-ble
cred-i-ble
sen-si-ble
au-di-ble
leg-t-6/e
ftex-i-ble
fu-si-ble
e\'-i-gi-ble
pos'-si-ble
hor-ri-ble
re-spon'-si-ble
dis-cem-i-blc
ter-ri-ble
vis-i-ble
ven-di-ble
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
A lauda&Ze desire. A plausz'6/e story. A probao/e event.
His account was cred/6/e. A sensible person. Durable hap-
piness. A salva&Ze state. His arguments were forcible. lie
IB capa&fe of exertion. He was scarcely audible. His con-
duct was culpao/e. A frang/6/e vessel. The man was cli-
gible. A venerable man. A laughao/e scene. A horr//r.
event A flexible voice. A responsible person. A respect*
6-i TIIK SPELLING-BOOK.
able person. Ilis manners are afla6/f. Combusti6fc mate-
rials. It is possible. The object was visible. Fusible metal.
The stars are discern/6/e by the eye.
ANCE, ENCE, and ENSE.
fla'-grawctf cz'-dence dense
trance pies-ence sense
c\ear-a?ice sci-ence tense
griey-ance pm-de?ice ex-pcnse*
en-trance pre-tence 7 sub-tense
distance of-fence m-cense
nm-sance ab-sence pro-pense
e\'-e-gance ve'-he-mence li -cense
cir-cum-sta??re def-er-ence rec'-o
tem-per-awre el-o-quencc dis-pense*
main-te-nan^ em-i-nence con-dense
ig-no-rance ev-i-dence pte-pense
ut-ter-ance neg-\i-gence nou'-sc/ise
con-vey'-ance pre{-er-ence m-tense*
o-bei-sance ref-er-e?icc sus-p&ise
ap-pear-awc res-i-dence ini-mense
re-pent-ance rev-er-ence
al-li-auce dif-fer-ence
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Flowers emit a delightful fragrance. In the presence of
the multitude. Science may come from a distance. Elo-
quence often controls ignorance. Elegance is never joined
with negligence. There is a very great difference between
innocence and insolence. The nuisance came from an immense
distance. Intense feeling stopped his utterance. Tempera/ic*
was urged with great eloquence. Diligence may overcome bad
utteranee. What is the difference between impudence and
impertinence ? During the performance all kept silwr.
The consequence of the man's absence was the boy's
. fie spoke with vehemence.
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
pal'-ate
leg-ate
prel-ate
Ken-ate
cu-rate
ac'-cu-rate
cer-tif'-i-cate
pas'-sion-ate
ATE and ET.
for'-tu-nate bas'-ke*
mod-er-ate scar-let
del-i-cate cam-let
des-per-afe gaunt-le*
du-pli-cate jack-e/
ul-ti-ma^e mag-ne^
vi-o-late com-et
in-car 7 -na^
cov'-et
se-cret
plum-me^
bay^o-nei
trum^pef
vi'-o-l^
cov-er-le^
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Men of nice palaces. The basket was full. The curate
found a magnet. The senate was convoked by the sound of
a trumpet. The prelate drank from a silver goblet. He was
stabbed with a bayonet in a desperate encounter. His mod-
erate counsels were kept secret. He was fortunate in discov-
ering a come*. A duplicate copy. A scarlef robe of camlet
A leaden nlummef.
spi'-cy
mer-cy
flee-cy
i-cy
sau-cy
se'-cre-cy
pri-va-cy
pol-i-cy
de-cen-cy
leg-a-ey
flu-en-cy
ten-den-cy
cel x -i-ba-cy
del-i-ca-cy
m-ti-ma-cy
va'-gran-cy
va-can-cy
5
CY, SY, and ZY.
glos 7 -sy
gras-5y
mas-sy
tip-sy
drop-5y
em'-bas-sy
her-e-sy
jeal-ou5-y
a-pos x -ta-5y
lep / -ro-5y
hy-poc x -ri-5y
courMe-sy
dai'-sy
noi-sy
ro-sy
po-sy
wo-sy
quin-sy
clumpy
bus-//
un-ea'-sy
min'-strel-^y
con'-tro-ver-^y
06 THK SPELLING-BOOK.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The spicy breezes. The humble daisy. No mercy is
shown towards heresy. The fleer?/ snow. He spoke \vith
fluency. His gestures were clumsy. The embassy con-
ducted its affairs in privacy. The gypsy left a small lega<v/.
There is a tendency to apostasy. Hypocrisy cannot be
maintained with decency. The dizzy height. The ha^y
atmosphere. The breezy shore. Jealousy often destroys
intimacy. The gypsy maintained great secrecy. He fell in
a fit of epilepsy. The embassy was not well received.
ON and EN.
ba'-con beck'-on ha'-ven heav'-en
ma-son crim-son maid-en lead-en
par-don pris-on ra-ven chosen
par-son but-ton ta-ken frozen
cot-ton poi-son gar-den stole?i
bea-con glut-ton war-den to-ken
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The bacon was stolen. Poison was taken by. the glutton.
The parson appointed a warden. A beacon was raised in th j
garden. The mason, having stolen a raven, received pardon.
He found a leaden button. The criminal was taken to prison.
The glutton was frozen. He was taken in the garden. The
raven was stolen. The maiden walked in the garden. He
cannot button his coat.
ILE and IL.
duc'-tz7e
ser'-vi7e
sig 7 -7
pu'-jw7
rep-t7e
frag-t7e
vig-t7
nos-tn7
fer-tt'fe
feb-n7e
civ-t7
ton-s7
hos-tt7e
ju'-ve-m'A?
e-v7
cod x -i-ctZ
flex-t7e
ver-sa-tt7e
per-z7
daf-fo-d7
mis-st7e
im-bec / -t7e
pen-ct7
u'-tcn-sf/
THE SPELLING-BOOK. 67
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The pup// trod on the reptile. He wrote, with a pencil
hostile instructions, which caused a civ?7 war. The fragz'fe
missile produced much evil. Fertile land. Juvenile sports.
Versati7e youth. Imbecile old age. He made a codiczV to
liis will. The daffodi7 ih in bloom. The utensz7s of farmers
are often lost.
IT and ITE.
hab'-i*
cul'-prit
res'-pite
per^qui-stVe
u-nit
de-mer'-i*
in'-fi-nite
def-i-nzfe
lim-it
in-her-it
op-po-site
ap-po-sife
pul-pit
ex-hib-i*
hyp-o-crife
com-pos x -i*e
spir-it
so-lic-it
fa-vor-ite
re x -qui-sz7e
sum-mi*
e-lic-it
ex-qui-s/;te
pre-ter-i*e
EXERCISES FOR WR.ITING.
He was in the habz* of making a depos/f. The culprez
had been a favonte. A hypocnVe is sure to be detested.
The traveller reached the summzt. He exhibits opposite
views. He solicits a definite sum. Exquisite taste. A
composite number. His remarks elicit praise. Mine ia
the merit, the demerit thine.
ICE, IS, ISE, UCE, and OISE.
maP-ice cri'-sis trea'-tise
lat-tice ba-sis prom-ise
prac-tice pha-sis an-ise
cor-nice glot-tis moi-tise
jaun-dtcc a-nal x -y-s5 fran-chisc
bod-ice hy-poth-e-sis
no-tice di-aer-e-sis let'-tuce
of-fice an-tith-e-si5
ser-vice me-trop-o-lis tof-totse
sur-piicg chrys x -a-li5
jus-tice
68 THE SPELLING-BOOK.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Set down nought in malice. Lattice work. A crisis had
arrived. Good faith is the basis of public credit. Habit is
the effect of practice. He commenced under favorable au-
<cs. The phasis of the moon. Glottis, a part of the tin
Diaeresis is used to denote that vowels are sounded. He n;
an analysis of the treatise. He kept his promise. Lettwce
grew near the cornice. Avarice often defeats justice. London
is the metropolis of England. The shell of a tortoise. The
carpenter made a mortise. He lost his office.
IZE, ISE, YZE, and ICE.
ag'-gran-ih'ze ex'-er-cz's*
hu-man-ize mer-chan-dz'se
scm-ti-nize corn-pro-rmsa
pat-ron-ijze crit-i-cise
col-o-mze en-ter-pme
pul-ver-ize ad-ver-tzse'
sym-pa-thize su-por-vtse
scan-da-lize cir'-cum-cfse
tem-po-rize ex-or-cise
har-mon-ize chas-t/sc 7
sol-em -uize
e-con-o-mize an'-&-\yze
e-van-gel-z^e par-a-lyze
Tec-og-nize
au-thor-z'ze sac'-ri-fice
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
He exercised his powers to humanize the nature of the
Indians. His family was aggrandized by his great success in
merchandise. They patronized the fine arts. He was a man
of great enterprise. He was duly authorized to effect a com-
promise. The arguments did not harmonize. The earth
was well pulver/zed. He was appointed to supervise the pn
He criticised the work. The ancients were accustomed to
exoretse evil spirits. Missionaries are sent abroad to evaii-
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
gelize the heathen. The marriage was duly solemnized.
Various substances are analyzed by chemists. Sacrifices
have been common to most nations. His limbs were para
lyzed
UM, OM, and OME.
nosMrwm wis'-dom
ros-tram phan-tom
stra-twm king-dom
vel-lwm sel-dom
rne^di-wm id x -i-om
pre-mi-wm symp x -tom
de-co'-n^?^ free-do??*
ac-cus'-to?/*
glad-some
lone-so;/ie
vac -u-um
em-po-ri-wm
blos'-so//!
hand-soT/ze
in-come
blithe-some
cum'-ber-soTTW
frol-ic-some
wea-ri-so??ze
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
is a welcome guest. He seldom found a hand-
some woman. He enjoyed a moderate income. Money is
the medium of commerce. He received fulsome flattery.
The glory of martyrdom. A cumbersome machine. A frolic-
some lad. The idiom of the language. An empty space is
called a racuwm. The momentum was great. Lessons of
wisdom were often learned from the rostrw/ra. He was accus-
tomed to receive a large income. The emporh/m of fashion.
gr&'-cious
spe-cious
sp<i-cious
mi-d&'-cious
VO-T3.-CIOUS
fe-ro-cious
CIOUS and TIOUS.
ca.u'-tions
fac-tions
frac-tious
cap-tious
vex-a'-tious
fa-ce-tin?is
con-ten-tious
se-di'tinns
sen-teu-tious
con-sci-e n'-tivu*
in-fQC'-tious
7(J THK SI'ELLING-BOOK.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
A gracious reception. A spacious hall. He was extreme-
ly cautious. A fractious man. Factious citizens. A saga-
cious prince. A voracious appetite. Seditious assemblies.
He is guilty of an atrocious crime. The disease is infec//Ws.
Pugnacious animals. He was both audacious and face*/ // ,
but not conscientious. The reasoning was fallacious. The
fruit was luscious.
SIGN and TIGN.
oc-ca'-ston va-ca'-fr'on
de-ci-ston foun-da-fr*on
vision cre-a-ft'on
com-pul'-sfcon ne-ga-ft'on-
man'-szYm ob-li-ga'-/to7i
de-clen'-ston re-la'-ft'on
di-men-ssott an-i-ma'-fr'on
pen'-sion oc-cu-pa-rfo?/
ex-plo x -5fow pri-va x -/ton
ver'-sf on in- kc-tion
'm-cui'-sion re-duc-tion
pas'-sion re- cep-^ort
ces-5/on ex-er-tion
di-gres^zon el-o-cu'-^o^i
de-pres-sto ed-u-ca-^'o/i
mis'-sion sit-u-a-rton
con-fu -5ion as-so-ci-a^/iow
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Gn this occasion he showed his decision. He called on
his relation during vacation. A vision appeared to him,
There is no compulsion in the occupation, lie was undor
obligation for his mansion. The infection caused great
fusion. Declension of Latin nouns, and conjugation of verbs.
He went on a mission to that nation. He made a digression
TH* SPELLING-BOOK. i \
m the subject of education. He received a pension in hia
new station. His elocution produced confusion.
SI and CI.
ne-ces'-sz-ty ve-racW-ty
im-men-si-ty lo-quac-f-ty
in-ten-sf-ty ra-pae-t-ty
d i- ver-sf-t y sa-gac-t- 1 y
u-ni-ver'-sz'-ty te-nac-i-ty
gen-er-os-z-ty ca-pac-f-ty
an-i-mos-z-t y fe-roc-t-t y
scru-pu-lo5-z-ty a-troc-z-ty
pro-pen^st-ty du-plic-z-ty
cu-ri-osM'-ty e-las-ti^-t-ty
pcr-ver'-sz-ty rec-f-proc-t-ty
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
He exhibited an intensity of feeling. His verac/ty wa
questioned. There was a diversity of opinions. He in-
dulged in too great loquacity. The atrocity of murder. He
had a capacity for learning. A propensity to sin. His gen-
erosity was great. The tenacity of glue. The student was
educated at the university. An object of curiosity.
Y and EY.
hap x -py scar/-ci-ty alMey turnkey
dai-ty rem-e-dy val-ley pul-ley
bod-y dep-u-ty gal-ley chim-ncy
cop-y tyr-an-ny bar-Icy hack-ncy
pov x -er-ty vil-la-ny par-k'y jour-ney
rev-el-ry com-pa-ny hon-ey at-torMiey
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The attorney found his money. The deputy made a long
journey Daily duties. Happy hours. A body of men. A
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
scarcity of honey. The turkey was fed on barley. The
general demanded a parley. A Venetian galley. A fertile
valley. A certain remedy. A tall chimney. A liar
coach. A double pulley.
ECUS and IOUS.
d u'-t e -ous se'-rt -ous
it-e-ous te-di-ous
g-ne-ons pre-vi-ow*
hid-e-ous im-pi-ous
i;
cu-ta'-ne-ous stu-di-ous
ei-TO-ne-ous no-to'-ri-ous
spou-ta-ne-ous har-mo-n
cal-ca-re-oi/5 im-per-vi-ous
m-dus-tri-ous
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
A duteous t child. A ted/0?/s journey. A hideows sight
A piteous groan. The previous question. Impious conduct.
Aqueous humor. A noton'ows character. Erroneous opin-
ions. HarmomoMS sounds. Spontaneous combustion. II-
lustrzot/5 men. Calcareot/5 soil. Cutaneous disease. A
dubious question. ImpervzoMs forests. He was a notonoua
idler. John is an industrzoz/s boy. He is very studious.
AGE, EGE, IAGE, IGE, and IDGE.
sav'-age u'-sage colMeg-'e fer / -ri-o r
dam-age vil-lage priv'-i-lege
ad-age corn-age sac-ri-lege ves'-tige
man-age suf-frage al-lege*
hem-age um-biage pot'-ridge
pres-age mort-gage mar'-riage car-tridge
ftalv-a^e hem^or-rha^e car-ria^e par-tnW^e
THE SPELLING-BOOK. 73
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
A savage state. The collie was situated in a fine village.
The carriage received much damage. He was obliged to
pay homage. There was no vestige of the tillage. The
partridge sought a place of refuge. He allied that he was
on the eve of marrmge. The cartridge caused great dnm-
age. Universal suffrage is a great privilege. The house
was mortgaged. The boatman received ferriage.
ETY and ITY.
pi'-e-ty
anx-i'-e-ty
a-bilM'-ty
gra-tu 7 -i-y
ni-ce-ty
pro-pri-e-ty
ci-vil--ty
ne-ces-sf-ty
va-ri'-e-Zy
no-to-ri'-e-ty
di-vin-z-ty
SQ-ren-t-/y
so-ci-e-ty
im-pi x -e-ty
e-ter-m-ty
e-nor-mf-/y
so-bri-e-ty
sa-ti-e-ty
an-nu-z-ty
se-ver-z-/y
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Piety is honorable in all. His ability was great.
is a great enorm/fy. Sobriety produces serenity. He re-
ceives an annuity. He acquired notoriety. The soci/ty
was under the necessity of dismissing its minister. Distin-
guished abih'ty. A variety of topics. The enormity of the
offence justified the severity of the punishment. He received
an annuity as a gratuity.
CLE, RLE, and CAL.
par/-ti-c/e frec'-kle drop'-si-ca/
ar-ti-c/e sic-kle ver-ti-ra/
cu-ti'dc buc-kle typ-i-caZ
can-ti-c/e twin-/rZe tech-ni-a//
ven-tri-cZe spec-kle mys-ti-cal
pin-na-c/e sprin-Ar/e erit-i-a/Z
ob-sta-e/e shac-^/ cler-i-caZ
ves-i-c/e pric-Arfe rad-i-caJ
ve-hi-c/e tin-A:/c prac-ti-ca/
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
A particfe of matter. A dropsica/ habit. His skin was
covered with freckles. Articles of agreement. In the
tropics, the sun is often vertical. The reaper uses a sickle.
Cuticfc, the thin exterior skin. Many of the Jewish rites
tvere typical. A silver buckle. Canticle, a song. Techni-
cal terms. The fixed stars twinkle. Mystical lore. The
pinnacle of fame. A radical error. A critical judge. The
obstacle was overcome.
CIAL, TIAL, and SIAL,
spe'-cial nup'-tial
so-cial max-tial
ju-di'-cial es-sen'-tial
of-&-rial po-ten-tial
ben-e-fi'-cz'aZ in-i-tial
com-mer'-cfaZ sub-sta
pio-vm-cial con-fi-den'-ta'aJ
su-pei-fi-dal e-qui-noc-ft'aZ
con-tro-ver'-szaZ
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
A special messenger was sent. Nuptial rites. Social
happiness. Martial deeds. Essential properties Judicial
proceedings. Official duties. Commercial interests. In-
fiuential friends. Provinca/ dialect. Presidential election.
A pestilent/ disease. A substan*/a/ building. Superficial
knowledge. Controvers/a/ writing*, financial operations.
Equinoctial storm. Beneficial results. Initial letters. The
commercial news was beneficial to trade. He delivered a
?pe^iV//and confidential message upon the financial coridltiou
of the treasury. An artificial rose-bud
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
75
va'-ean/
el G-
pet-u-lawf
coii-so-na?i
in'-fant
bril-liant
doY-mant
stag-nan*
fra-grarc
pleas-ant
re-luc'-taratf
ob-ser-vant
tri-um-phant
a-bun-dawf
ANT and ENT.
re-cum'-be?^
in-dul-ge/^
Buf-fi-cienl
ex-cel-lent
im-mi-ncw^
dif -fa-dent
con-cur-re/^
con-tin-gen^
ef-ful-ge?it
neg'-\i-gent
in-di-gen^
in-do-lent
m-so-lent
ev-i-dent
oip-u-lent
vi-o-\ent
em-i-nent
per-ma-nen^
prom-i-nent
con-se-quen^
sub-se-quen/
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The place is vacant. A recumbgw* posture. There is an
abundant crop on the adjacent farm. A recreant son. A
magnificent spectacle. An excellent mother watched over
him. I am confident his success will be triumphal. An
indulgent father. Arrogant conduct. His anger is dormant.
Inclement weather. Stagnant water. Fragrant flowers.
He was in amuent circumstances. Patient under afflictions.
An observant mind. He was present. I am reluct#/j< to
admit it. A penito* spirit. A violent temper. An innoc* n
man.
eir'-cws
sur-plws
gram-pus
fo-CUS
re-bus
US and OUS.
as-par'-a-gws fa'-mous
isth'-rm/s
im'-pi-a?^
pom-poi^5
nei-vous
ca-n-ows
fu-ri-o//s
cred-u-lo?f5
76 THE SPELLING-BOOK.
in-cu-bf/s
co-1 lt/j>-n;//s^ moim-tain-otia
ap-pa-ra'-ts zeal-o//s vig-or-ows
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
There was a large surplus. A famous mathemuli
The Roman circus. The grampus is a voracious fish. A
great genius. Isthmus of Darien. A credulous man. The
radius of a circle. A furious animal. Extensive apparatus.
The exodtw of the Israelites. Glorious achievements. The
Colossus at Rhodes. A serious affair. Asparagus, a kinc
of plant A mountainous country. A vigorous intellect
EON and ION.
dun'-geo/i pig'-eon. re'-gion
dudg-eon \vidg-e0?i le-gs'<m
stur-geon bludg-eo?* re-lig'-iVw
sur-geo?i gudg-eoM con-ta-gfon
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The man was cast into the dungeon. The surgeon attend
ed the legion. The contag/Vw spread from town to town.
He professed the Christian relig/o/i. The pigron flew faster
than the widgcow. The sturgeon is found in that region.
PER and PUR.
pei^-fect per-mh' pu^-port
per-jure per-p\ex pur-pose
per-son per-sist jwr-chaso
per-form' pcr-su&de pur-\om'
per-fume ^er-tain pur-sue
EXERCISES FOR WFITING.
The performance was perfect. He jpersisted in the pursuit
1 persuaded them to permit him. The money was purloined
THE SPELLING-BOOK. 77
-Perhaps the purveyor's purpose was to prrplex them. They
/^/sued they^rjurer. The room was perfumed. They per-
secuted him. lie purchased the perfume.
CAUTIONS AGAINST MISTAKES OFTEN
MADE IN SPELLING.
nec'-es-sa-ry ......... one c.
ad-dress' ........... two d's.
ex-pe-di'-tion ......... e, not i.
col'-lege ........... no d.
po-ny ............. no e.
a-gree'-a-ble ......... two e's.
priv'-i-lege .......... no d.
ac-knowl'-edge ........ put in d.
pos-sess' .......... four s's.
sep x -a-rate ......... , a, not e
a-part'-ment ......... one p.
as-sas-sin .......... four s's.
cres'-cent .......... sc, not ss.
dipA-thong .......... ph, notp alone.
tro^^?-sers . * ......... w, not u.
schism .......... mind ch.
pon'-iard .......... no after o.
mis'-rte-toe .......... put in t.
par-ox-ysm .......... y, not i.
sy-non'-y-mous ........ 2/'
N6rE TO TEACUKUS. Tlie spelling of these words should be
thoroughly committed to memory, and the mistakes which are fre-
quently made pointed out by the learner. Other words, in which
mistakes are liable to be made, should be selected by the teacher.
r*
T8 THE SPELLING-BOOK
EXKRCISES FOR WRITING.
It is not necessary to put the address. An nptflltlon U.
the North Pole. My cousin is at college. lie has the privi-
lege of riding the pony. I acknowledge my fault. He is an
agreeable man. They possess much property. The apart-
ments are separated hy a thin division. He was stabbed by
an assassin. The Turkish crescent and Turkish trowsers.
A schism in the church. In a paroxysm of rage, he snatched
up SL poniard. The Druids reverenced the mistletoe. Synony-
mous words have nearly the same meaning. A cKphtkimg is
a double vowel.
ba'-sm t, not o.
stadt'-hold-er put in d.
as-cer-tain' put in c.
choc'-o-late one c.
conscience ^. . . sc, not sh.
dis-suade' ........ two s's.
em-bar'-rass . two r's ; two s's.
ex-cres-cence sc, not ss.
fa-ce-tious c, not 5.
for'-eign one r.
grid'-i-ron one d.
prac-tis-es 5, not c
gym-nas^tics y, not i.
i-ras x -ci-ble . . . one r ; sc, not ss.
re-ceive' ei, not ie.
be-licve ie, not cf.
de-c^Ve ei t not ie.
re-pneve , fe, not ei.
NOTE TO TEACHERS. The terminations eive and ter0 have both the
same sounds. The learner should be told that when the letter c pre-
cedes the termination, it is spelled eive ; as, conceive, deceive, &c. ; but
if any other consonant precede, it is spelled ieve ; as, believe, achieve.
griere, &c. Nouns derived from these verbs take the same form ; as
conceit, deceit; belief, achwwement, grief, 8ic,
THE SPELLING-BOOK. 7 ( J
EXERCISE? FOR WRITING.
The stadtholder ascertained the cause of discontent. Put
the chocolate into the basin. I could riot, in conscience^ dis-
suade him from it. He is embarrassed in his affairs. An
excrescence grew from the tree. A man of facetious conver-
sation. He"r manners are fascinating. Foreign climates.
Meat is broiled on a gridiron. He practises gymnastics.
His temper was irascible. I believe he received a reprieve to
deceive the enemy.
har'-ass one r ; two s's.
hy-dro-p^o'-bia y, not i; ph, not /.
is'-lan-der '. put in s.
lun'-cheon not shun.
mis'-chze-vous put in i.
napA'-tha ph, not /.
op/i-thal'-mi-a ph, not /.
or'-cAes-tre . cA, not k.
pas'-sion ss, not sh.
rAi-noc'-e-ros put in h ; c, not s.
pu-siZ-fcw'-i-mous two Z's ; one n.
quar 7 -reZ-Zing two r's ; two F s.
res-er-voir one s.
sub-ter-ra^ne-an two r's.
ty-pog-'-ra-phy y, not i ; one g.
hy-ee'-na CB diphthong.
co-a-lesce 7 sc, not ss.
cauMi-flow-er au, not o.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
He died of hydrophobia. I am harassed in mind. They
were hardy islanders. Will you take some luncheon 1 A
mischievous boy. Naphtha smells disagreeably. He suffers
from ophthalmia. The orchestre plays too loud. He is in a
passion. The rhinoceros is dangerous. The pusillanimous
are weak-minded. They are always quarrelling. A rcser-
BO
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
txwr of water. A subterranean passage. A fine specimen
of typography. The hyaena is fierce. Two vowels which
\ct form a diphthong. The cauliflmrcr is a wholesome
vegetable.
WORDS IN WHICH THE SPELLING DIF
FERS WIDELY FROM THE PRONUNCIA-
TION.
The termination UGH has as many as ten different pio-
nunciations.
laugh ,
cough
trough
clough
chough
slough
e-nough
rough
tough
thor'-owgh \
. . . rhymes with .... staff.
. . . rhyme with off.
. . . rhyme with stuff*
bor-o?/gh
dough
though
al-though'
fur'-lough ,
bough
plough
slough
lough . . . .
hic'-cough . .
through . . .
us'Kjue-baugh
> . . . . pron. the u as in ... bud,
. . . rhyme with so
. . . rhyme with how.
. . . rhymes with dock
. . . rhymes with .... cup.
. , . rhymes with true.
. , . rhymes with saw
THE SPELLING-BOOK. 81
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
When the horse has drunk enough from the trough, lead
him through the garden. The chough and crow t ) roost have
gone. Do not laugh ; it will make you cough. We had a
rough ride to the borough. A tough steak. The serpent has
cast his slough. A thorough cleansing. The usquebaugh
made him hiccough. The soldier obtained his furlough.
Knead the dough. The barge is on the lough. Though
almost drowned, he got out of the slough by catching at a
bough. Speed the plough.
bus'-y ...... rhymes with ....... dizzy.
bur-y ....... rhymes with ....... merry
,
J> ....... pronounce 5 as sh.
sine )
quay ........ rhymes with ....... key.
gal-leon' ...... rhymes with ....... balloon.
nepA'-ew ...... ph as v.
peo-pie ....... eo as ee.
gaol ...... r . . rhymes vith ....... male.
goal ........ rhymes with ....... hole.
' -, > . . . . eop as ep.
jeop'-ar-dyj
as ds
ro/'-o-nel pron. as kernel
eo/'-an-der col as cull.
corps pron. as core.
hri-/*ous ..... . ein as am in . , rain.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Are you sure you have sug.ir in your coffee? My nephew
is busy. The quay is crowded with people. The colonel
ordered a corps of men to guard the prisoners to gaol The
Spanish galleon was in jeopardy Bury animosity. The
6
32 THE SHKLLINO 'BOOK.
horse reached the goal. Do not exaggerate. What does he
suggest? A heinous crime. The water fluws through the
colander. The spotted leopard.
prow? -ess ow as oh.
rail'-le-ry rhymes witli gallery.
:it . ... ieu as ef.
gro-tesqne' *}
bur-lesque ^ . . . sque as sk.
pic'-tu-res<7t/ej
j"!3j} aun M an in i )!:mt -
ntf-sance nui as new.
ser-geant ser as sar.
wom'-en wnm as wim.
half-pen-ny .... half as hay.
guin'-ea rhymes with ninny
co-coa a not sounded.
pa-lan-^mi 7 .... quin as keen.
co^-ni-zance . . . g silent.
czar put in c.
czar-z v -na i as e.
yacht rhymes with not.
phthis'-ic rhymes with physic.
phlegm ph as /; g not sounded.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The lieutenant was angry at the raillery of the innnni.
The sergeant took no cognizance of this act. Give this ha[f
penny to the boy in the laundry. The cocoa cost a gninm.
He cuts a grotesque figure in his palanquin. lie caught
the jaundice. The nuisance is abated. RcnmviKnl for hia
prowess. A picturesque scene. A burlesque poem.
czar and czarina were both present. The yarht Moated in
the bay. He is sick with the phthisic. He cannot n
the phlegm.
THE SPELLING-BOOR.
83
DIFFICULT WORDS, WITHOUT REGARD
TO CLASSIFICATION.
a-bey x -ance
ac-quaint-ance
as-suage 7
as-say
a 7 -pron
ar-raign 7
ac-cou x -tre
ac-crue x
ac-qui-esce 7
av-oir-du-pois'
ar x -c hives
ac x -ces-sa-ry
ac-ces-so-ry
ac x -me
ad x -e-quate
ad-ju-tant
al-che-my
al-co-hol
a-nath x -e-ma
aq x -ue-duct
as-phal x -tic
av'-e-nue
ab-ste x -mi-ous
a-chieve 7
a-chieve^ment
al-le-gi-ance
al-le x -gro
am x -ber-gris
an-tique 7
ap-pre 7 -ci-ate
as-sign-ee 7
a-sy 7 -lum
am-phib 7 -i-ous
an-tip 7 -o-des
an-cho 7 -vy
av 7 -er-age
a-nom 7 -a-ly
au 7 -to-graph
a-cu 7 -men
a-dieu 7
av 7 -a-rice
ab-scind 7
awk 7 -ward
a-thwart 7
ap-plause
a-gliast
bruise
buoy 7 -ant
bur 7 -i-al
busi'-ness
bronze
bay 7 -o-net
bra x -zier
bde! 7 -li-um
bro-cade 7
bar 7 -gain
ba-zaar 7
ban 7 -quet
bach 7 -e-lcr
bal-co x -ny
bat-tal-ion
baw x -ble
be-queath 7
blas-pheme
bo-hea
bom-ba-zine
bag-a-telle
bru-nette 7
ban-dit 7 -ti
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
He met with an acquaintance. The lee simple of land is
often held in abeyance. His grief was assuaged. The
criminal was arraigned. He acquiesced in the decision. An
accessary before the crime. Adequate ideas The acme of
81 THE SPELLING-BOOK.
ambition. A great achievement. Amphibious .mimals An
asylum for the blind. Anomaly, a deviation from the com-
mon rule. Autograph, a person's own handwriting. Adieu,
farewell. Athtra>'t the path. The burial of the dead. The
oldier lost his bayonet. Antique figures. He came to the
bantjmt. I saw him on the balcony. He wa0 attacked by
the banditti. A bombazine dress. Do not blaspheme.
be-troth x
brogue
break x -fast
cha-grin 7
cha-me x -le-on
cam'-o-mile
buf-foon x
char-ac-ter
be-hove
chor-is-ter
beau'-ty
beau'-te-ous
cinque
coch-i-neal x
be-dew x
caP-dron
bi-tu x -men
bu x -gle
breathe
col-league
con-dui
cai-tifF
bur 7 -gla-ry
bus x -tie
cham-pagne x
col x -ter
bull-ion
cui-rass x
buf-fa-io
ba-rilMa
burgh x -er
cri-tique
cup x -board
cray-on
cro-sier
ca-noe 7
cat x -e-chism
ca-price
cap-u-chin 7
cat x -a-logue
cat-e-chism
cruise
con-geal x
col-on-nade 7
car-touch 7
cau x -ter-ize
con-de-scend
co-quette x
cor-vette
cel x -e-ry
cen-o-taj)h
crev x -ice
cli-max
com-peer x
chyle
ca-pit x -u-late
ce-dil x -la
cen-trif x -u-ga]
cen-trip-e-tal
cha-lyb-e-ate
Co-chit-u-ate
chem x -ist
chrys x -a-lis
cir x -cuit
con-tig x -u-ous
car x -ti-iage
cam x -phene
crotch x -et
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The man was betrothed. He spoke in a brogue. His
cheeks were bedewed with tears. Bitumen, a kind of pitch.
He was convicted of burglary. The debt was paid in bull*
ion. The Indian crossed the lake in his canoe A catalogue
THE SPELLING-BOOK. Oft
of books. He preferred cocoa to champagne. The enemy
capitulated. Chalybeate waters. Cochituate water. Celery,
a wholesome vegetable. Two contiguous bodies. The
scholars all recited a lesson from the Catechism. The circuit
of the earth. Corvette, a kind of vessel. The money
was found in a crevice. Centrifugal force. The wound
w;is cauterized. Camomile, a kind of herb. A conduit
pipe Chrysalis, the form of insects before they become
wingfd.
dah x -lia
deb-o-nair 7
de-mesne 7
daunt x -ed
doc x -ile
de-fault x -er
de-pre x -ci-ate
de x -vi-ous
dem-a-gogue
des-ue-tude
dearth
di-shev'-el
du'-en-na
di-a-logue
di-a-phragm
dis-sua x -sive
di-lem-ma
dis x -so-riant
dis-sylMa-ble
dis x -tich
dys 7 -en-ter-y
dis-em-bogue 7
dog 7 -ger-el
du x -ress
dis-com 7 -fit
drom x -e-da-ry
doub'-le
dough-ty
drought
doubt 7 -ful
dow-ry
em-balm 7
ec 7 -logue
es-cutch x -eon
ear x -nest
ex-cheq x -uer
ex-cres-cence
en-am-or
e-nor-mous
en-dorse x -ment
e-gre-gious
em-py-re x -an
e-the x -re-al
ef-fer-vesce
em x -pha-sis
en-deav x -or
ep x -i-logue
ep-i-sode
e-clipse x
el-lipse
e-lec-tric x -i-ty
ex-hil x -a-rate
et-y-mol x -o-gy
ec-lec'-tic
en-due 7
es-chew
eu x -cha-rist
eu-pho-ny
es-pouse'
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Dahlia, a kind of plant. The cashier was a defaulter.
The paper depreciated. Words are lost by desuetude. Her
hair was dishevelled. Dissonant notes. Rivers disembogue
into the ocean. Joshua discomfited Ainalek. Doubtful pro-
ceedings The criminal was kept in duress. An exagger-
8
86
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
ated account. An egregious blunder. He eschews evil.
The moon was eclipsed. The poet wrote in doggerel rhyme.
The rfymology of words. The eucharist was celebrated.
The king's exchequer. I will endeavor to use the proper
emphasis. The endorsement was made. He was endued
\\ith knowkdge. Epilogue, a poem at the end of a play.
Episode, an incidental narrative.
hea x -then
handler-chief
ha-rangue 7
hearse
heif x -er
hy-drauMic
lii-a x -tus
har x -le-quin
harp-si-chord
haunch
hearth
heark x -en
hal x -cy-on
hal x -liard
ho x -li-ness
hy-me x -ne-al
ho-mo-ge x -ne-o us
heath x -er
hy-phen
hi-e-ro-giyph x -ic
het x -er-o-dox
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
The fabric was destroyed. He suffered great fatigue
The plan was feasible. Filagree work. The soldier had a
furlough. Flageolet, a musical instrument. A fierce, ani-
mal. The king enriched his treasures by forfeitures. The
feudal system. Galiot, a Dutch vessel. Galochr, a kind >f
over-shoe He played on the guitar. A gluttonous man.
fub x -ric
gauge
fa-tigue 7
gaunt
fea x -si-ble
guile
fil-a-gree
glut x -ton-ous
flag-eo-let 7
gun x -wale >
flam x -beau
gun-nel $
tbr-feit
gym-nas x -tic
fur-lough
gay x -e-ty
flaunt
gaunt x -let
fal x -chion
guar x -di-an
fraught
gui-tar 7
fal x -con
gran x -de ur
fierce
graph-ic
fi-nesse 7
grieve
for x -feit-ure
gor x -geous
fron-tier 7
gov x -ern-ment
feu x -dal
gam-boge 7
gam x -bol
grouse
ga-zette 7
gal x -iot
glu 7 -ti-nous
ga-loche'
glimpse
TIIK SPELLING-BOOK.
87
He made a harangue to the people. A hydraulic machine.
Halcyon days. Homogeneous particles. He caught a glimpse
of the thief. The grandeur of the mountains. The lady
dropped her handkerchief.
hid'-e-ous
hyp-o-crite
hys'-sop
ho-sier
hy-dro-pho 7 -bi-a
hom'-i-cide
ho-mol 7 -o-gous
hy-poth-e-sis
hur'-ri-cane
haiigh 7 -ty
m-trigue 7
in-veigh
in-vei 7 -gle
in-stal-ment
in-thral 7
ir-re-triev 7 -a-ble
i 7 -ci-cle
il-lic 7 -it
im-bue 7
jav 7 -e-lin
jaun 7 -dice
jui-cy
jaunt
Iaugh 7 -ter
1 aim -dry
league
Ieis 7 -ure
lat'-i-tude
lon-gi-tude
lus-tre
lair
Iau 7 -guage
lan-guor
lac'-er-ate
lawn
liMac
le-vi'-a-than
liq x -ue-fy
Iin 7 -c-a-mcnt
lin'-guist
loathe
lau'-da-num
lau x -rel
log'-a-rithms
loz'-enge
lounge
mas-quer-ade 7
mis-cel-la 7 -ne-ous
ma-chine 7
ma-chin 7 -er-y
mag-a-zine 7
ma-noeu 7 -vre
ma-rine 7
mar-quee
mas 7 -sa-cre
mau'-gre
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
A hideous sight. The hope of the hypocrite shal. perish.
The hyssop on the wall. Hydrophobia, a terrible disease.
He committed homicide. Homologous sides. Hypothesis^
something assumed. A haughty tyrant. He was accused of
intrigue. The author i nvcighed sharply against the vices of
the age. The hunter was in jeopardy of his life. " I sliced
the luncheon from the barley loaf." He was a fine linguist.
Leviathan, a monster of the sea. Miscellaneous matter.
The child took laudanum. The leopard lay down in his
Marine substances. Complicated machinery.
88
Tin: SPKLLING-BOOK.
mct-a-nn>r'-]>hose
inech'-an-ism
inin'-i-a-li;
mel'-an-chol-y
mosque
moult
mal -le-a-Me
inas-tiff
me-chaii'-ic
mo-las-ses
nia-rau-der
inawk'-ish
met x -a-phor
niau-so-le'-um
mea'-sles
mo-reen'
met-a-phys'-i-eal
mez-zo-tm'-to
mac-a-ro'-ni
mne-mon'-ics
ma-hog'-a-ny
neu-tral-i-ty
nour'-ish
mi-tri'-tious
nau'-se-ate
nau'-seous
nan'-ti-cal
nan'-kiii
niece
noth-ing
niche
ni'-tre
ne-go x -ti-ate
neu x -ter
o-be^di-ence
ob'-sta-cle
oak'-um
ob'-lo-quy
ob-tuse 7
o x -di-ous
pas x -chal
pla-gny
por x -jjoise
-
pro-vi^
par-a-phrr-naMi-a
pa'-tri-aivli
per-
pe-ru'-sal
prai x -rie
pa-vil'-iou
jjar'-al-lel
proc'-ess
pen'-ta-tcuch
pew'-trr
prod-uce
pie-bald
pique
pi-quant'
ple-beMan
pleu'-ri-sy
phra-se-ol'-o-gy
port-man'-teau
phi-lan'-thro-py
phys-i-oP-o-gy
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Miniature, a picture in a small compass. They pre-
served a strict neutrality throughout the war. Alosyue, a
Mohammedan temple. Malleable iron. Mastiff, a kind of
dog. Mechanic arts. The marauder was detected and con-
victed. Mischievous boys. Metaphysical reasoning. Mez-
zotinto, a particular kind of engraving. Mahogany, a kind
of wood. He wished to negotiate a loan. The pas( h<il
iamb. A piebald horse. Portmanteau, a bag for carrying
apparel. " Let that plebeian talk." He died of the pit u-
risy. The extensive prairies of the West. He rendered
t ah, f Hence to the laws. The phraseology was correct-
Nuutical terms
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
80
pros'-e-lyte
purMieu
per'-se-cute
por-phy-ry
per-se-vere'
pierce
pan-e-gyr'-ist
pig'-eon
pro-logue
pur'-sui-vant
phys-i-og'-no-my
post'-hu-mous
quoit
quan-da'-ry
quaint
qua-drille'
qui-es'-cent
qualm'-ish
quo-tid'-i-an
quer'-u-lous
quar-an-tine'
ru'-mi-nate
ri-val-ry
realm
re-con-noi'-tre
res'-cue
rig'-or-ous
rou-tine'
re-lieve
re-<Jruit
scep 7 -tre
sched-ule
scythe
sep x -ul-chre
sub-ju-gate
sieve
sluice
sur x -feit
symp-tom
ship- wreck
shad-ow
ser y -vice-a-ble
pcis'-sors
syc'-a-more
syc-o-phaiit
syn-a-gogue
syr x -inge
sur-tout 7
scho'-li-um
solMier
shoul-der
sub-al^tern
scourge
shrewd
taint
trait
tar-pau'-Jin
thwart
thral'-dom
tierce
temp-ta'-tion
te-na-cious
threat x -en
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
He made proselytes in the purlieus of the city He was
t panegyrist of the people. Pursuivants are junior officers
in the Heralds' College. Posthumous praise. He came to
Che rescue. He exhibited a schedule of goods. A pair of
tcissors. A Jewish synagogue. There were symptoms of a
fever. A terrific scourge. He lived in thraldom. A tierce
of rice. Recruits were enlisted. His shoulder was dislo-
cated. The temptation was resisted. The advice was ser-
viceable. He was very tenacious of his rights. He directed
the subaltern to reconnoitre the enemy's camp.
8*
00
THK SPELLING-BOOK.
PROPER NAMES OF PERSONS.
Aa'-ron
A-bel
A-bi x -el
A-bi-jah
Ab x -ner
Ad-am
A'-bra-ham
A-dol x -phus
Al x -bert
Al-ex-an x -der
Al x -fred
Al-phe x -us
A x -mos
Am'-a-sa
Am'-brose
An-drew
An'-tho-ny
Ar-te-mas
A-pol x -los
Ar x -thur
A-sa
A-saph
Ash-er
Au-gus x -tus
Az-a*ri x -ah
Bar x -na-bas
Bar-zil x -lai
BeMa
MEN'S NAMES.
Ben'-ja-min
Ben-e-dict
Be-no x -ni
Be-ri-ah
Be-thu-el
Ca 7 -leb
Cal-vin
Ca-milMus
Ce x -phas
Charles
Chris x -to-pher
Clem x -ent
Cy-rus
E-li x -sha
K-li x -pha-)et
E x -noch
E-nos
E x -phra-im
E-ras x -tus
E^than
Eu-gene x
E-ze x -ki-el
Ez x -ra
Fer x -di-nand
Fran x -cis
Fred x -er-ic
Dan x -iel
Da-ri x -us
George
Ger x -shom
Da x -vid
Greg x -o-ry
Gid-e-on
Eb-f7n-e x -zer
Gil-bert
Etf-mund
Gus-ta x -vus
Ed- ward
Eg-bert
E-le-a x -zar
Hen x -ry
Her-mon
E-li x -ab
Hez-e-ki x -ah
E-li x -a-kim
Hi x -ram
E-li x -as
Hor-ace
E-li-liu
Ho-ra x -tio
E-li-jah
Ho-se-a
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
91
Hugh
Hum'-phrey
Lo-am'-mi
Lu x -cius
Luke
Ralph
Reu x -ben
Ru-el
Ich'-a-bod
Ig-na'-tius
L x -ra
Lu x -ther
Ma-no x -ah
Rho-dol x -phus
Rich x -ard
Rob-ert
I-saac
Mar x -cus
Row-land
Is x -ra-el
Mark
MarMin
Roy-al
Ru-fus
Ta x -cob
Ma 7 -son
Ja-bez
Mat x -thew
Salomon
Jai-rus
Mat-thi x -as
Sam-son
James
Mi x -cah
Sam x -u-el
Ja x -red
Mi^cha-el
Saul
Ja-son
Mouses
Seth
Jed-e-di x -ah
SiMas
Jeph x -thah
Jer-e-mi x -ah
Na x -hum
Na-than
Si-mon
Sim x -e-on
Jer x -e-my
Jer x -ome
Jes-se
Je-thro
Jo-el
Nar-cis x -sus
Na-than^i-el
Ne-he-mi x -ah
Nich x -o-las
No x -ah
Sol-o-mon
Ste x -phen
Syl-va x -nus
Syl-ves-ter
John
Thad-de x -us
Jo'-nah
O'-bed
The x -o-dore
Jo-nas
Jon x -a-than
Oc-ta'-vi-us
OlM-ver
The-oph x -i-lus
Thom x -as
Jo x -seph
Josh x -u-a
O x -tis
Tim x -o-thy
Ti x -tus
Jo-si x -ah
Pat x -rick
JuMi-us
Paul
U-ri x -ah
Laz x -a-rus
PeMeg
Pe-rez
WaP-ter
Lan^rens
Pe-ter
Will-iam
Leb-be x -us
Phi-lan^der
Lem'-u-el
Le x -vi
Phil'-ip
Phi-lo
Zab x -di-el
Zech-a-ri x -ah
Lew-is
Phii^-e-as
Zac-che x -us
Lloyd
Phi-le'-mon
Zach x -a-ry
THE SPKLI.ISfi-BOOR..
WOMEN'S NAMES.
Ab'-i-gail
Al x -ice
Em x -ma
Eu-nice
Lou-i'-s-'i
Lu-cin-la
A-man'-da
Lu-cre 7 - tia
A-me x -lia
Au'-na
Aune
Fran x -ces
Fan-ny
Lu x -cy
Lyd x -i-a
Au-gus'-ta
Caj^-o-line
HanMiah
Har x -ri-et
Hel x -en
Mar'-ga-ret
Ma x -ry
Mar-tha
Cath-a-rine
Hen-ri-et'-ta
Charlotte
Chris-ti x -na
Is-a-belMa
Nan'-cy
Clar'-is-sa
Ra x -chel
Clem-en-ti x -na
Jane
Re-bec'-ca
Cor-neMia
JuMia
Sa x -rah
El x -ea-nor
E-liz x -a-beth
La-vin x -i-a
Lau x -ra
So-phi x -a
Su x -san
NAMES OP THE MONTHS.
1 Jan'-u-a-ry
2. Feb'-ru-a-ry
3. March
4. A'-pril
5. May
6. June
7. Ju-ly'
8 1 Au x -gust
9. Sep-tem -ber
10. Oc-to x -ber
11. No-vem x -ber
12. De-cem x -ber
NAMES OF THE DAYS.
1. Sun'-day
2. Mon x -day
3. Tnes x -day
4. Wednes'-day
5. Thursday
6. Fri x -day
7 Saf-ur-day
THE SPELL1NOBOOR. 93
ORIGIN OF ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.
A large class of English words are derivatives, which are
formed chiefly by attaching to the root, or essential part of a
word, certain PREFIXES and AFFIXES.
A PREFIX is a particle placed before a root, to vary its
sense; as, suPERstructure ; REbuild.
An AFFIX is a particle added to the root, to vary its signifi-
cation ; as, plentiruL ; darkisn.
LATIN PREFIXES.
A, AB, ABS, signify from, or away ; as,
Avert, to turn from.
ABStain, to keep from.
ABSolve, to release from.
A Eduction, carrying away.
AD signifies to; wnich, for the sake of euphony, assumes
the forms of A, AC, AF, AG, AL, AN, AP, AR, AS, AT ; as,
ADhere, to stick to.
Accede, to come to, (to as-
sent.)
vogress, to go to or against.
ANnex, to join to.
Assume, to take to.
Ascribe, to give to.
Arfix, to fix to.
ALlude, to advert to.
Append, to hang to.
ATtract, to draw to
AM signifies round about. AM, for the sake of euphony,
assumes the form of AMB ; as, AMuient.
AMsition, a going about,
(ieeking honor,
AMputate, to cut round or
off.
91
THE SPELLING -BOOK..
ANTE signifies before. The E is sometimes changed into
i : as, ANTicipate.
, before the pe-
nult.
AN n; 11 urn! ane, before the
world.
Bis, in, sigfify two; as,
Bisect, to cut into two.
Biscuit, baked twice, (or
very hard.)
ANTEcedent, going before.
ANTEdiluvian, before the
flood.
Biped, an animal with twv
feet
CIRCUM, CIRCU, signify about, or around; as,
ciRCUMJacent, lying around.
ciRCUMiiavigate, to sail
around.
ciRcuIate, to carry around.
ciRcuMscribe, to write
around.
Cis signifies on this side ; as,
cisalpine, on this side of the | cisatlantic, on this side of
Alps.
CON (cum) signifies with,
of euphony, assumes the form
coNCur, to agree with:
coNstruct, to build together.
coNvoke, to call together.
coNCourse, a running to-
gether.
cooper ate, to work with.
coheir, a joint heir, or with
another.
cocnate, bern together.
coMmotion, a moving to-
gether.
COM position, a 'putting to-
gether
the Atlantic.
or together ; and, for the sake
of co, COG, COL, COM, COR ; as,
coMpassion, suffering with
another.
coMmerce, trading together.
coRroborate, to make strong
together.
coRrelative, relative with.
coNCUSsion, a shaking to-
gether.
coNvene, to come together.
coNtract, to draw together
coNform, to comply with.
coequal, equal with
cohere, to stick together.
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
95
CENTRA (sometimes COUNTER) signifies against, as,
coNTRAdict, to speak against.
couNTERmarch, marching
back.
coNTRAposition, a position
against.
couNTERact, to act against.
DE signifies from, down, or of; as,
DEscend, to come down.
DF.ject, to cast down.
DKscribe, to write of.
DEpart, to part from.
DEtain, to keep^rom.
DEtract, to draw J ram.
Dis, DI, signify asunder, apart, away, off ; and also im-
ply privation, undoing, and negation. Dis has also the
form of DIP ; as, Dirfuse.
Discover, to take off the
cover.
Distract, to draw asunder.
Disbelieve, not to believe.
Diverge, to recede from.
E, EX, signify out of; and sometimes take the forms of EC
and EF; as, Eccentric, Erflux.
Disjoin, to separate.
Disorder, to take away order.
Dispel, to drive asunder.
Dishonest, not honest.
Divert, to turn away.
Disarm, to take
Eject, to cast out.
Emit, to send out.
Exclude, to shut out.
Educe, to bring out.
EXTRA signifies beyond; as, EXTRAordinary, beyond ordi-
nary.
IN, before a verb, signifies in, into ; before an adjective,
not . IN is changed into IG, IB, IM, IR ; as,
iNJect, to throw in or into.
iNspire, to breathe into.
IN firm, -no* firm, weak
conoble, not noble.
IK rational, not rational
iNspect, to look into.
iMport, to bring into.
iNactive, not active.
iLlegal, not legal.
iMmoral, not moral.
96 THE SPELLING-BOOK.
INTER signifies between. INTER has the form of INTEL ,
as, iNTELligence, iNTELlectual.
iNTERvene, to come between.
iNTERline, to make lines be-
iNTERpose, to place between.
iNTERsect, to cut between.
tween.
INTRO signifies to, within; as, iNTRoduce, to lead within.
JUXTA signifies near to; as, JuxTAposition, being placed
near to any thing.
OB signifies in the way of, against. The B is also changed
into c, F, and p, and is sometimes dropped ; as,
OBStacle, something stand-
ing in the way of.
OBJect, to urge against.
oppose, to place in the way.
occasion, falling in the way
of.
orfehd, to strike against.
oppress, to press against.
PER signifies through, thoroughly. It has the form* of
PEL, POL ; as, FELlucid, poiJute.
pKRforate, to bore through. pERvade, to go through.
pERfect, done thoroughly. PERUSC, to use through.
POST signifies after ; as,
posTdiluvian, after the flood.
posTScript, written after.
, or PRE, signifies before.
pREdict, to tell before.
pRECursor, one who runs
before.
posThumous, after one is
placed in the ground.
pREcede, to go before.
pREfix, to fix before.
PRJSTER, or PRETER, signifies past, or bey mid; as, PRETER
natural, beyond the course of nature.
PRO signifies for, forth, or forward; also instead of; a*
pRononn, for a noun.
pRoceed, to go before.
pROvoke, to call forth.
pRoduce. to lead forth.
THE SPELLING-BOOS.. 7
RE signifies back or again ; as,
RKtract, to draw bach I REbuild, to build again.
RE vert, to turn back. \ RE form, to form again.
RETRO signifies backward ; as, RETRospect, looking back-
ward.
SE signifies aside or apart. SE assumes D before a vowel ;
as, sEoition ; sEcede, to go apart ; SEduce, to lead aside.
SUB signifies under or after. SUB has also the forms of
uc, SUF, suo, SUP, sus ; as,
suBScribe, to write under.
succeed, to go after.
suGgest, to bring under, (to
hint.)
suBsequent, following after.
sustain, to bear up under.
suspect, to look under.
SUPER signifies above or over ; as, suPERnumerary, above
the number ; suPERfine, overfine.
TRANS signifies beyond or over ; from one place to another.
TRANS has also the forms of TRAN and TRA ; as,
TRANsport, to carry beyond.
TRAdition, delivering over.
TRANsgress, to go beyond.
TRANsfer, to carry over.
ULTRA signifies beyond; as, uLTRAmundane, beyond the
world.
GREEK PREFIXES.
A, or AN, signifies without, or privation ; as, Apathy, with-
out feeling; ANonymous, without a name; Abyss, without a
bottom.
AMPHI signifies both, or the two; as, AMPinbious, living in
both elements ; that is, on land and in water.
ANA signifies through, up, or back; as, ANAtomy, cutting
lip, (dissecting bodies.)
ANTI gignifiss against, or opposite toj as, ANTi-Chris-
y
99 THE SFELLIN-BtOK.
tian, against Christianity. ANTI has sometimes the con-
Iracted form ANT ; as, ANTarctic, opposite to the arctic
APO signifies from or away ; as, Apostasy, a departure
from religion. APO has sometimes the contracted form of
AP; as, Aphelion, away from the sun.
AUTO signifies self; as, Allograph, se^-written ; ALTO-
Liography, history of one's self.
CAT A signifies down ; as, cATArrh, a Ho wing down, a slight
cold.
DIA, DI, signify through ; as, DiAgonal, through a paral-
lelogram from one angle to the opposite; DiAineter, a line
passing through the centre of a circle.
EPI signifies upon ; as, Epitaph, upon a tombstone ; F.PI-
demic, falling upon the people.
HYPER signifies over and above ; as, HYPERcritical, over or
too critical.
HYPO, HYP, signify under ; as, HYPOthesis, a placing under,
a supposition; Hyphen, (a joining of two words,) under
one
META, MET, signify change, beyond; as, METAmorphose, a
change of shape ; METAphor, a carrying a word beyond its
proper or usual meaning.
PARA, PAR, signify beside, near to, or similar; as, PARA-
graph, a writing beside; PARallel, beside another; pARhelion,
near the sun ; PARody, a poem like or imitated from another.
PERI signifies round about; as, PERiphery, circumference,
pERiphrasis, a round about mode of speaking; a circumlocu-
tion.
SYN signifies together, with. SYN has also the forms st
SYL, SYM; as, SYMpathy, suffering with, or compassion; SYS-
tem, standing together, (so as to form a consistent whole ;)
SYtlable, a taking together (letters with the lips, to utter
them.)
THE SPELLING-BOOK 99
ENGLISH OR SAXON PREFIXES.
A signifies iw, on, or at; as, Afoot, thai is, on foot; Abed,
in bed ; Ashore, on shore.
BE is merely the verb to be ; as, BEfriend, to be a friend
10 ; BEspeak, to speak or order a thing to be; BEdew, being
covered with dew. In some words it seems to be of a dif-
ferent origin ; as, BEhead, BEsiege.
EN signifies in t into, or on; as, ENcamp, to form into a camp;
ENthrone, to place on a throne. EM, for EN, signifies to make;
as, EMbellish, to make beautiful ; EMpower, to give power.
FOR signifies negation, or not; as, FORbid, to bid not } or to
prohibit; FORget, not to get, or have in recollection.
FORE signifies before; as, FOEEsee, to see before; FORE-
runner, one who runs before.
IM, IN, signify to make; as, rabitter, to make bitter; IM>
poverish, to make poor.
Mis signifies i/Z, not^ wrong; as. Misconduct, ill conduct;
Misfortune, ill or bad fortune.
OUT signifies excess, beyond; as, ouxrun, to surpass in
running ; ouilive, to live beyond.
x-
OVER signifies above; as, ovERflow, to flow above.
UN signifies not ; as, UNspeakable, not able to be spoken.
AFFIXES.
AFFIXES have, probably, in common with PREFIIES, a
diversity of origin, but it is more difficult to ascertain their
precise meaning.
ABLE, IBLE, UBLE, and ILE, signify may P, can he, worth}
of, or Jit to be; as,
portABLE, that may be carried.
defeasjLE, that may be de-
fended.
dociLE, that may be taught
dissoluBLE, that may be dis-
solved.
respectABLE, worthy of re-
spect.
100
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
ACKOUS signifies consisting of, resembling ; as,
herbACEOus, consisting of coriACEous, resembling
herbs. I leather.
ACY signifies being, state, or office ; as,
curACY, the office of a cu-
rate.
accurACY, being accurate.
celibACY, state of being
single.
AGE, ION, signify the act or state of, the place where ; a?,
bondAGE, the state of one
bound.
cohesioN, the act or state
of adhering together.
anchorAGE, the place where
ships are anchored.
AN, Or IAN, ANT, AR, ARD, ARY, ATE, EE, EER, ENT, ER,
1ST, ITE, IVE, signify one who, or the person that; as,
ChristiAN, one who believes
in Christ.
vagrANT, one who wanders. ~
beggAR, one who begs.
sluggARD, one who indulges
in sloth.
votARY, one who is devoted
to any thing.
advocATE, one who pleads
the cause of another.
absents E, one who is absent,
patiENT, one who suffers.
writER, one who writes.
botanisT, one who is skilled
in botany.
ANCE, ANCY, ENCE Or ENCY, MENT, MONY, NESS, RY, T,
TH, Y, TUDE, TY, or iTY, signify being, state of being; as,
vigilANCE, state of being
vigilant,
brill iANCY, state of being
brilliant.
currENCY, being current,
p at i ENCE, the state of being
patient.
contentMENT, state of being
content.
ncriMONY, the state of being
sharp.
happiNESs, the state of be-
ing happy
braveRY, being brave.
heighT, being high.
youTH, being young.
jealousY, being jealous.
multiTUDE, being many.
probabiliTY, state of being
probable.
laxiTY, state of being loosa
THE SPELLING-BOOB:.
1C .
CLE, CULE, LING, OCR, signify little, small; as,
canticLfi, a little song.
ariinialcuLE, a small animal.
gosLiNG, a young goose.
hillocK, a little hill.
, affixed to verbs, EN, FY, ISH, IZE, ISE, signify to make,
to give ; as,
renovATE, to make new
again.
gladdEN, to make glad.
puriFY, to make pure.
publisn, to faake public.
civihzE, to make civil.
authonzE, to give authority.
Ac, AL, ICAL, AN, AR, ARY, 1C, ID, ILE, INE, ORY, signify
of, pertaining or belonging to ; as,
demoniAC, pertaining to a
demon.
filiAL, belonging to or fating
a son.
nautiCAL, pertaining to sail-
ors.
meridiAN, relating to the
noon.
seculAR, pertaining to the
world.
liter ARY, belonging to litera-
ture.
academic, belonging to an
academy.
timm, of or belonging to
fear.
pueriLE, belonging to a boy.
mariNE, belonging to the
sea.
Ous, OSE, SOME, signify somewhat, full of, abounding ; as,
dangerous, full of danger,
populous, full of people.
verbosE, full of words.
gladsoME, somewhat glad.
ISH, LIKE, or LY, signify belonging to or resembling ; as,
EnglisH, belonging to Eng-
land.
saintLiKE, resembling a saint.
earthLY, resembling earth.
heavenLY, resembling heav-
en.
DOM signifies the place where, or the state or condition in
which ; as, kingDOM, the place where the king reigns ; free-
DOM, state of being free.
HOOD, or HEAD, signifies the state of; as, mannooD, state
of a man.
9*
102 THE SPELLING-BOOK.
LESS denotes privation; as, joyLESs, without joy ; care-
LESS, without care.
RICK denotes rule or jurisdiction ; as, bishopmc (K), the
jurisdiction of a bishop.
SHIP signifies office, state, or condition; as, rectorsnir,
<?$ce of rector; copartnersnip, the state of having equal
shares.
WARD, or WARDS, signifies direction of; as, westwARD-, in
the direction of the west ; heavenwARD, in the direction of
heaven.
Y signifies abounding in, full of, consisting of; as, stony,
abounding in stones ; knotty, full of knots ; earthy, consist'
ing of earth.
INSEPARABLE ROOTS.
The greater number of the Latin and Greek roots of the
English language is found only in composition.
The changes which roots that are found only in compo-
sition undergo, cannot easily be reduced to general rules ; but
the following lists will sufficiently illustrate their nature
LATIN ROOTS, FOUND ONLY IN COMPOSITION
A.
Root and Meaning. Representative. Example.
Acris, sharp, acr, fyc., acrid, acrimony eager
/Edes, a house, cd, edify, edifice.
/Equus, equal, equ, iqu, equator, equity, iniquity,
equanimity, e^wilibri-
um.
THF IPELLINO-BOOK
103
Root and Meaning.
Aer, aeris, air,
/Evum, an age,
Ager, agri, a field,
Agger, a heap,
Ago, I do, actus,
done,
Ala, a wing,
Altus, high,
Amicus, a friend,
Amo, I love, )
Amor, love, j
Anima, life, )
Animus, mind, )
Annus, a year,
Aqua, water,
Arceo, I drive away,
(erceo when com-
pounded,)
Aro, I plough,
Ars, artis, arf,trade,
Artus, the joints,
Asper, rough,
Audio, I hear ; au-
ditus, heard,
Augeo, I increase ;
auctus,increased,
Avis, a bird,
Beatus, blessed,
Bellum, war,
Bell us, beautiful
Representative.
aer,
ev,
agger,
ag, act,
al,
alt, Sfc.
amic, imic,
ami,
am, amor,
tfC.,
anim,
ann, enn,
aqu, Sfc.,
ere.
ar,
art, ert,
art,
asper,
and, audit,
ed,
aug, auct,
auth,
av, au,
B.
beat,
bell, bel,
, be.au.
Exampta.
aerial, aeriform, aero
nan*.
coeval, longevity.
agriculture, pilgrim.
exa^crate.
, a^ile, actor
aliped.
aftitude, exalt, haughty.
amicable, inimical, ami-
ty, enmity.
( amiable, amour, amor-
\ ous, amateur.
{animal, animate, unan-
imous, am'wadvert.
annals, annual, super-
annuate, biennial.
aquatic, aqueduct, eaves.
arable, ear (verb), earth,
artful, artisan, inert.
article, articulate.
asperity, exasperate,
audience, audible, audii^
auditory, obedient.
w^ment, auction, ar*-
thor.
aviary, awspices.
beatitude, beatify,
belhgerent, rebel,
embellish, beauty.
101
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
Boot and Meaning.
Bene, well,
Bibo, 1 drink,
Bini, two by two,
Bis, twice,
Brevis, short, brief,
Cado, I fall ; casus,
fallen, (changed
into cido when
compounded,)
Csedo, I cut; caesus,
cut, (changed in-
to cido and cl-
sus, when com-
pounded,)
Calor, heat,
Cando, (changed
into cendo when
compounded,) I
set on fire; cen-
sus, inflamed,
Canis, a dog,
Cano, canto, I sing,
chant,
Capillus, hair,
Capio, I take ; cap-
tus, taken, (cipio
and ceptus when
compounded,)
Caput, capitis, the
head,
Representative.
bent,
bib,
bin,
brev,
Example.
benediction, bemgn.
bibber, imbibe,
binary, combination
bigamy, biped,
brevity, abbreviate, a-
bridge.
c.
cad, cas t cid, cadaverous, cadence,
case, casual, acciWent,
coinczWe.
cid, cie, decide, homicide, deris-
ion, precise.
cal 9 color, caldron, calid, caloric,
cand, cend, candle, chandelier, in-
cens, cent, candescence, incendi-
ary, incense, incentive.
can, fyc., canine, lcenne\.
cant, cent, canticle, recant, chant-
fyc., ry, precentor.
capill, fyc., capillary, dishevelled,
cap, capt, dp, capable, capture, antict
cept, ceive, pate, recipient, rec/p
tion, deceive.
capit, cipit, capital, precipitate, cape,
cap, dp captain, predpice,
4*c., chapter, chieftain*
chef-d'muvrt.
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
105
Root and Meaning.
Career, a prison,
Caro, curnis, flesh,
Cams, dear,
Cavus, hollow,
Cede, I give place,
Jgo; cessus, giv-
en place to,
Celer, swift,
Centum, a hundred,
cent,
Cerno, I see, I sift ;
cretus, sifted,
Cete, whales,
Cinctus, girt about,
Cito, I call, I sum-
mon,
Clamo, I cry out,
Clarus, clear,
Claudo, I shut ;
clausus, shut,
(changed into
cludo and clusus
when* compound-
ed,)
Clino, I bend,
Clivus, a slope,
Ccelum, heaven,
Colo, I cultivate ,
cultus, cultivated,
Comes, comitis, a
companion,
Cop la, plenty,
Coquo, I boil ; coo
ms, boiled,
Representative. Example
career, incarcerate,
earn, carnivorous, incarnate .
car, char, cher, caress, charity, cherish,
cav, cavity, concave,
ced, ceed, cess, recede, succeed, conces-
sion, access.
celer,
cent,
celerity, accelerate,
cewfury, centennial.
cern, cret, discern,secreion,decree,
cree, creet, discreet,
cet, cetaceous, spermaceti.
cinct, cincture, succinct, pre-
cincts.
cit, cite, elation, recital.
clam, claim, exclamation, proclaim,
clar, clarify, declare,
claus, clud, clause, close, exclude,
clus, 4*c., seclusion.
din, den, recline, declension
cliv, declivitj.
eel, ceil, celestial, ceiTing.
col, cult ) <$*c., colony, culture, coulter.
comit, concomitant, count.
county.
cop, copious.
cook, coct> cook, decoction, biscvit
c. kitchen.
106
THK SPELLING-BOOK.
Root and Meaning.
Cor, cordis, the
heart or core,
Cornu, a horn, a
corn,
pus, corporis,
the body, a corps
or corpse,
Cras, to-morrow,
Credo, I trust, be-
lieve,
Cremo, T burn,
Crux, crucis, a
cross,
Cubo, I lie, or
couch, (cumbo,
when compound-
ed,)
Culpa, a fault ; cul-
po, I find fault
with,
Cura, care, cure,
Curro, I run,
Cursus, a running,
Representative. Example.
cord, concord, cordial.
corn.
cornucopia, corny, nm-
com.
corpus, corpor, corpuscle, incorporate
6fc. corpulent, cuerpo.
eras, procrastinate.
cred, creed, credit, crafulous,
credible.
crew, incremation.
crwc, crs, crucifix, crucify, cruise,
cros, crusade, crosier.
cub, cumb, cubit, incubation, in-
cumbent, succumb,
couchant.
culp, culpable, culprit.
cur, curator, sinecure.
cur, curr,cour, incur, curricle, succour.
curs, cours, excursion, intercourse.
D.
Datus, given, (di- dot, dit,
tus, when com-
pounded,)
Decor, decoris, decor,
grace, beauty,
Dens, dentis, a dent,
tooth,
lei, a god, del, dieu,
Dexter, right-hand- dexter,
ed, clever,
date, dative,
edit.
decorous, decoration.
dentist, dentifrice.
deity, deify, adieu.
dexterity, dexterous
THE SPELLING-BOOK
J07
Root and Meaning. Representative.
^ Dico, I say; dictus, diet,
said,
Dies, day, di,
Dignus, worthy, dign,
Diurnus, daily, diurn, journ,
Doceo, I teach ; doc, doct,
doctus, taught,
Dolor, grief, dol, dolor,
DomTnus, a master, domin,
a don,
Domus, a house, a dom,
dome,
Donum, a gift, don,
Duco, I lead ; due- due, duct,
tus, led, duit,
Duo, tioo, du, dou,
Durus, hard, dur,
Example.
dictate, predict, ditto
dial, diary, meridian.
dignity, digniiary.
diurnal, journal.
docile, document, doctor
doctrine.
doleful, condole, dolor-
ous.
domineer, dominican.
domestic, domicile.
donation, donor, donee,
induce, aqueduct, con-
duit.
dual, duel, double,
dure, Arable, endure.
E.
Ebrius, drunken, ebri,
Edo, I eat, ed,
Ego, I, ego,
Emo, I buy, take eem, empt,
away ; - emptus,
bought,
Exter, externus, exter, extern, exterior, external, ex
&,c., outward, <^c., freme, extrinsic.
ebriety, inc&riate.
edible.
egoust.
redeem, exemption.
F.
Faber, a workman, fabr, fabric, fabricate.
Facilis, easy, facil, facul t facilitate, faculty, di
fcul, culty.
108
THB SPELLING-BOOK.
Root and Meaning. Representati Example.
Facio, I make; fio, fact, feet, factor, perfect, counter-
I am made ; fao feit, Jit, feit, surfeit, benefit,
tus, made, (ficio Jic, fy,
and fee tus, when
compounded,)
Fallo, I deceive,
sopori^c, purify.
fall,
Fanum, a temple, fan,
a. fane,
Fari, to speak; fa- fa>fat t
tus, having spok-
en,
Felix, felicis, hap- felic,
py>
FemTna, a woman, femin,
Fero, I carry or fer, Sfc,
bring,
Ferveo, I boil, ferv, <$<
Fidelis, faithful, fidel,
Fido, I trust, fid,
Filia, a daughter,
Filius, a son,
Filum, a thread, a fil,
file,
Fingo, I feign ; fie- fig, fict,
tus, feigned,
Finis, an end, fin,
Fiscus, the royal fisc,
treasury,
Fissus, cleft, fiss,
Flatus, a puff of fiat,
wind,
Flecto, I bend ; flex- fiect, fiex,
us, bent,
in/a//ible, /<z//acious.
fanatic, profane, profa-
nation,
ineffable, fate, fatal.
felicity.
feminine, eifctninacy.
ferry, infer, circumfer-
ence, bier, fertile.
fervid, effervescence,
fidelity, infidel,
confide, diffidence
filial, a/iate.
filament, filter.
figment, figure, fiction,
find, finish, finite,
nite, deyfwitive.
, con/foe ate.
ile, Assure.
ule
reflect,
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
109
float, fluctuate,
fluent, fluid, refluz
federal, confederate,
perforate.
5, fortune,
fort, fortitude, fortify,
fosse,
fossil.
Root and Meaning. Representative. Example.
Fligo, I dash; flic- flict, conflict, affliction.
tus, dashed,
Flos, floris, a flower, flor, flour, florist, floral, flourish.
Fliicttis, a wave, fluct,
Fluo, I flow; flux- flu, flux,
us, a flowing, a
flux,
Fcedus, federis, a fcder,
treaty,
Foro, I bore or for,
pierce,
Fors, fortis, chance, fort,
Fortis, strong, fort,
Fossa, a ditch, foss,
Fossus, dug, foss,
Frango, I break ; frog, fract, fragment, fracture, in-
fractus, broken, fring, fringe, fragile or
(fringo when frail.
compounded,)
Frater, a brother, frater, fratr, fraternal, fratricide.
Frigeo, I am cold, frig, frigid, refrigeration-
Fructus, fruit, fruct, fructify.
Fruor, I enjoy, fru, fruition.
Fugio, I flee ; fugi- fug, fugit, fugitive, refuge
turn, to flee,
Fulgeo, I shine, fulg y refulgent.
Fulmen, fulmmis, fulmin, fulminate.
lightning,
Fundo, I pour out, fund, found, refund, confound, fus-
meltjfusc ; fusus, fus, ible, infuse.
poured out,
G.
Greiu, frost, gel, geal, gc- gelid, congeal, gelttti-
lat, jel, nous, jelly.
Gem tus, begotten, gen gcnit, progeny, progenitor.
10
110
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
Root and Meaning. Representative Example
Gens, gent is, a na- gent, gentile.
lion,
(ienu, a knee, guw,
Gero, I carry ; ges- ger, gest,
tus, carried,
Genus, generis, gener,
kind, kin,
Glacies, ice, gk*c
Glomus, gloineris, glomer,
a clew,
genu flection,
belligerent, gesture, di
generation, degenerate,
glacial, glacier, glass,
glomerate, agglomera-
tion.
Gradior, I go; gra- grad, gred, grade, gradual, retro-
dus, a step ; gres- gress, gree, grade, ingredient,
sus, having gone,
Gratnon, graminis, gramin,
grass,
Gravis, heavy, grav, fyc.,
gressiou, degree,
graminivorous.
Grex, gregis, a grcg,
flock,
gravity, aggravate,
grief, aggrieve,
gregarious, egregious.
H.
Haereo, I stick ; Aer, Acs, hesit, adhere, coAesion, hesi-
ha3sus, stuck, fate.
Haeres, ha?redis, an hered, herit, hereditary, inherit
heir,
Halo, I breathe, hal, hel, exhale, anAe/ation.
Haurio, I draw; haust,
haustus, drawn,
Homo, a man, horn, hum,
llortor, I exhort, hort,
ilospes, hospitis, hospit, fyc.,
one that enter-
iains or is enter-
tained,
Hostis, an enemy, host,
Humus, the ground, hum,
exhaust.
homicide, A
hortatory, exhort.
7iospita\)\e, host hotel,
hostelry
hostile.
h'/ ruble, inhnn/e, poet Aw
mous.
THE SPELLING-BOOK. Ill
I.
Root and Meaning. Representative. Example.
Idem, the same, idcn, identity.
Ignis, fire, ign, ignition, igneous
Inferus, infernus, infer, infern, inferior, infernal.
below,
Insula, an isle or insul, isol, insular, peninsula, is0-
island, /ate.
Interus, internus, inter, intern, interior, internal, inti-
intimus, intra, inti t mate, intrinsic.
intus, within,
Iter, itineris, a jour- Miner, itinerate, itinerary.
ney,
Iterum, again, iter, Oration.
Itum, to go, it, ish, exit, circuit, transif,
sedition, perish.
J.
Jaceo, I lie, jac, adjacent.
Jactus, thrown (jec- ject, jet, inject, conjecture, jet,
tus when com- jetty, jet-d'eau.
pounded,)
Janua, a gate, jan, janitor, January.
Jugum, a yoke, j li g> conjugal, conjugate.
Junctus, joined, junct, joint, juncture, adjunct, con-
junction, jointure.
Juro, I swear, jur, jury, conjure.
Jus, juris, right, jur, jurist, jurisdiction, ju-
law, ridical, in/wry.
Jutus, assisted, jut, adjutant, coadjutor
Juvenis, young, juven, jun, juvenile, junior.
I.
Lacer, torn, 7acer, lacerate.
Laedo, I hurt ; lae- lid, /is, collide, eolfoion.
BUS, hurt, (lido
and lisus when |UlTIVZIl:-<
compounded,) O3T
THE SPELLING-BOOK
Rcol and Meaning. Representative.
Lapis, lapldis, a lapid.
stone,
Latus, carried, lot,
Latus, wide, lot,
Latus, 1 ateris, a side, later,
Legatus, an ambas- legal,
sador,
Lego, I bequeath, kg, legal,
I adduce,
Lego, I gather, I kg,lect,lig,
choose, I read; fyc.
lectus, gathered,
Louis, gentle, len,
Lentus, gentle, lent,
Levis, light, lev, licv, lief,
Levo, I lighten, I kv,
lift up,
Lex, legis, a law, kg,
Liber, a book, libr, libel,
Liber, free, liber, liver,
Libra, a balance, libr,
Licet, it is lawful ; lie, licit,
licitus, lawful,
Lignum, wood, Kgn,
Ligo, I bind, lig, ly, li,
Linquo, I leave; re- linqu, liqu,
1 ictus, left, liet, 4*c.
Liqueo, I melt, liqu,
Lis, litis, strife, lit,
Litera, a kttcr, liter,
Locus, a place, lieu, ' loc, lieu,
Longus, long, long,
Loqui, to speak, loqu, locu.
Example
lapi<1\\ry, dilapidate.
e/afion, translate,
latitude, dilate,
lateral, equilateral,
legation, delegate.
legacy, allege, legatee.
legible, lecture, collect,
diligent, eligible, in-
ielligent, lesson.
lenity, knient.
relent.
kvity, relieve, relief
kver, ekvate.
legal, Z^islator.
library, libel,
liberty, liberal, deliver,
libration, equiZz&rium.
license, illicit.
ligneous, fignumvita.
ligament, oblige, rely,
reliance,
relinquish, reliquary,
relic, relief.
liquid, liquefaction,
litigious, litigant
literal, literature,
local, lieutenant,
longitude, oblojig.
loquacity, colloquial, ob-
loquy,
elocution.
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
113
Root and Meaning. Representative. Example.
Ludo, I play; lusus, lud, lus, delude, ludicrous delu-
deceived, 5ion.
Lumen, luminis, lum, lumin, illume, luminary.
light,
Luna, the moon, lun, lunatic, sublunary.
Lux, lucis, light, luc, lucid, Lucifer.
Macies, leanness,
Macula, a spot,
mole,
Magnus, great,
main,
Male, wickedly,
Mando, I bid,
Mando, I chew,
Maneo, I stay ;
mansus, stayed,
Mano, I flow,
Manus, a hand,
Mare, the sea,
Mars, Martis, the
god of war,
Mater, matris,
mother,
Mel, mellis, honey,
Melior, better,
Memor, mindful,
Mens, mentis, the
mind,
Mergo, I plunge ;
mersus, plunged,
M.
macul,
magn,
male, mal,
mand, mend,
mand, mang,
mans,
j
man
mar,
mart,
emaciate, macerate,
maculate, immaculate.
magnify, magnitude.
malevolent, malice, mal*
versation.
mandate, command,
commend,
mandible, mange, man
ger.
permanent, remain,
manse, mansion,
emanate.
manual, manipulation,
marine, maritime,
martial.
mater, matr maternal, matricide
me//,
melior,
memo? ,
ment,
mellifluous.
ame/torate.
memorable.
mental, dement ale.
merg, mr:rs, emerge, immrrsion.
114
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
Root tad'Mcamng.
Metior, I measure;
mensus, meas-
ured,
Mille, a thousand,
Miror, I gaze,
Miser, wretched,
Mitis, mild,
Mitto, 1 send; mis-
sus, sent,
Modus, a measure,
a mood,
Mola, a m7/stone,
flour,
Moles, a mass
Mollis, soft,
Moneo, I warn ;
monltus, warned,
Mors, mortis, death,
Mos, moris, a man-
ner,
Multus, many,
Munio, I fortify ;
munltus,fortified,
Munus, muneris, a
gift, or office,
M urus, a wall,
Muto, I change, I
mew,
Nascor, I am born ;
natus, born,
Navis, a ship,
Necto, I tie ; nexus,
tied,
N _". !" Vny,
Representative. Example
met, mens, mete, com/w/isurate.
meas, immense,
mill,
mir,
miser,
mit,
mit, miss,
mis,
mod,
mol,
millennium.
mirror, ad//itre, marvel
rable.
mitigate.
remit, missionary, prow*
tse.
mode, modify.
emolument.
mol, molest, deww/ish.
moll, mell, e;/i0//ient,ww//ify,we//ow
mon, monit, admonish, monitor.
mort,
mor t
mortify, immort&l.
moral.
mult, multiform, multitude,
mun, munit, muniment, munition.
mun, muner, mwnificent, //////ricipal
mon, remunerate, com?non.
mur, mwral, immwre.
mut, mutable, comww^e.
N.
nose, not,
nav,
nect, nex,
ny,
nascent, native, natal
naval, nauigate.
connect, annex.
negative, deny.
THE SPELLiNO-BOOK.
115
Root and Meaning.
Nihil, nothing,
Nomen, nominis, a
name,
Non, not,
Norma, a rule,
Novus, new,
Nox, noctis, night,
Nubo, I marry ;
nuptus, married,
Nudus, naked,
Nugae, trifles,
Numerus, a num-
ber,
Nuncio, I tell,
Nutrio, I nourish,
Representative.
nihil,
notnin,
non,
norm,
nov,
nox, noct,
nub, nupt,
nud,
nug,
numer,
Example.
annz'AzYate.
nominal, denominate*
noun.
no/ientity, nonsense,
normal, enormous,
novice, innovate,
equinox, nocturnal,
connwoial, nuptialn.
nudity, denude.
nugatory.
numeration.
nunci,nounc, annwnc/ation, renownco.
nutri, nurtj nutriment, nurture.
Octo, eight,
Oculus, the eye,
Oleo, I smell,
Omnis, all,
Onus, oneris, a bur-
den,
Opto, I wish,
Opus, operis, a
work,
Orbis, a circle,
Orno, I deck,
Oro, I beg ; oratus
begged,
Os, oris, the mouth,
Os, ossis, a bone,
Otium, ease,
Ovum, an egg,
0.
oct, octagon, octavo,
ocul, ogl, oculist, ogle.
ol, olfactory, redolent,
omn, omnibus, o?nnipotent.
oner, onerous, exonerate.
opt, adopt, option.
oper, ceuvr, operation, manozuvre.
orb, orb, orbicular.
orn, adorn, ornament,
or, adore,inexorable, orator,
or, oral, orifice,
ass, ossicle, ossify.
oti, otiose, negotiate,
ov, ova\, oviform.
116
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
Root and Meaning.
Pactus, having bar-
gained,
Pando, I spread ;
passus or pansus,
spread,
Par, equal, a pair,
^ peer,
Pareo, I appear,
Pario, I produce,
Paro, I prepare, I
pare,
Pasco, I feed ; pas-
tus, fed,
Pater, patris, a fa-
ther,
Patior, I suffer ;
passus, having
suffered,
Pauci, few,
Pax, pacis, peace,
Pecco, I sin,
Pectus, pectoris, the
breast,
Peculium, property,
Pecunia, money,
Pello, I drive away ;
pulsus, driven,
Pello, I name,
Pendo, I hang, I
weigh ; pensus,
hung, weighed,
Pene, almost,
Pea, pedis, ihe foot,
r.
Representatiye.
pact,
pand, pass,
pans,
par, peer,
par, pear,
par,
par, pair,
pasc, past,
pater, pair,
parr,
pati, pass,
pauct,
pac, peas,
pecc,
pector, pet,
pecul,
pecuni,
pel, puts,
pell, peal,
pcnd, pens,
pen,
Example.
paction, compact
expand, compass ex-
panse.
parity, compeer.
apparent, appear,
parent, viviparous,
reparation, repair.
deposcent, pastor, re-
past.
paternal, patrimony,
parricide,
parent, passive, pa5
sion.
paucity.
pacific, appease,
impeccable,
expectorate, par ape*.
peculation, peculiar
pecuniary.
expel, repulsion.
i
appeWation appeal.
pendulum, depend, sti-
pend, pensive, pen-
sion.
peninsula.
pedestal, biped, imped*
THE SPELLING-BOOR.
117
Root and Meaning.
Peto, I seek; petl-
tus, sought,
Pingo I paint; pic-
tiis, painted,
Pisr-.is, a Jish,
Placeo, I please,
Place.. 1 appease,
Plebs, the common
people,
Plenus, full,
Pleo, I fill ; pletus,
filled,
Plico, I fold, I ply,
Ploro, I wail,
Plumbum, lead,
Pono, I place ; posi-
tus, placed,
Popiilus, the people,
Porto, I carry,
Poto, I drink,
Praeda, prey,
Pravus, wicked,
Precor, I pray,
Prehendo, I take ;
prehensus, taken,
Pretium, a price,
Probo, I prove,
Probus, good,
Pudens, pudentis,
bashful,
Puer, a boy,
Pugna, a fight,
Puto, I lop, I think,
Putris, rotten,
Reprcsentatiy*.
pet, petit,
peat,
paint, pict,
pise,
plac, plais,
plac,
pleb,
plen,
ply, plet,
plish,
plic, ply,
plor,
plumb, plum,
pon,pos, posit)
pound,
popul,
port,
pot,
preda,
prav,
prec,
prehend, pre-
hens, prise,
prize,
preci,praise,
prob,
prob,
pud, pudent,
puer,
pugn,
put,
putr,
Example.
petulant, petition, cen-
tripetal, repeat.
painter, picture, depict,
pigment.
piscatory, piscivorous.
placid, complaisant.
implacable.
plebeian.
plenitude, replenish.
supply, complete, ex-
complicate, apply.
deplore.
plumber, plummet.
depone, impose, posi-
tion, compound.
popular.
export, portable.
potion.
predatory, depredation
depravity.
deprecate.
apprehend, comprehen-
sion, comprise, ap
prize.
jrecious, appraise.
provable, probation.
repudiate, impudent.
puerile.
pugnacious, impugn.
amputate, reputation,
putrid, putrefaction.
118 THE SPELLING-BOOK.
Q. -
Root and Meaning. Representative. Example.
Quzcro, I ask, I quir, quest, inquire, inquest, requi-
get ; quaesltus, quisit, silion, query, son-
sought, qucr, quer.
Quassus, shaken, quass, cuss, quash, conquas nation,
(cussus when discuss, percussion,
compounded,)
Quartus, fourth ; quadr, quart, quadrangle, quarto.
quatuor, four,
ftueror, I complain, quer,
duinque, five; quinqu, quint,
quintus, fifth,
R.
Radix, radlcis, a radic, radical, eradicate, rod
root, ish.
Ramus, a branch, ram, ramification.
Rasus, scraped, ras, rasor, erase.
Rectus, straight, recti, rectilineal.
right,
Rego, I rule ; rec- reg', rect, rig, regal, rector, incorr/gi-
tus, ruled, ble.
Rete, a net, ret, refina, r^iculate.
Rideo, I laugh at ; rid, ris, deride, risible.
risus, laughed at,
Rigo, I water, rig, .' ri^ation, irrigate.
Rodo, I gnaw; ro- rod, ros, corrode, corrosion.
sus, gnawed,
Rota, a wheel, a rut, rota, rotation, rowel.
Rumen, rummis, rumin, ruminate.
the throat,
Ruptus, broken, rupt, rupture, eruption*
Bus, runs, the rws, rwr, rustic, rural.
country,
THE SPELLING-BOOK..
119
Root and Meaning.
Sacer, sacri, sacred,
Sal, salt,
Salio,Ileap,i sa%;
saltus, leaped,
(silio and sultus
when compound-
ed,)
Salvus, safe,
Sanctus, \ioly 9 saint 9
Satis, enough,
Satur, full,
Saxum, a rock,
ScMndo, I climb,
(scendo when
compounded,)
Scindo, I cleave ;
scissus, cleft,
Scio, I know,
Scribo, I write ;
scriptus, written
Scrutor, I search
diligently,
Scurra, a scoffer,
Seco, I cut; sec-
tus cut,
Sedeo, I sit; ses-
sus, sat,
Semen, serous ?s
seed,
Semi, half,
Senex, senis, oiL
s.
Representative. Example.
sacer, sacr, sacerdotal, sacrifice,
seer, consecrate,
sa/, saw, saZine, sat/sage.
sail, sault, salient, assault, restfe,
sil, suit, insult, exult.
salv,
sanct,
satis, sat,
satur,
sax,
scan, scans,
scend,
scind, sciss,
sci,
scrib, script,
scrut,
scurr
sec 1
scj sid, scss,
szeg,
scmn
sem
sen.
salvation.
sanctify.
satisfy, satiate.
saturate.
saxifrage.
scan, scansion, ascend.
rescind, scissors, resets-
sory.
science, presczence.
inscribe, scribble, scrip-
tare.
scrutiny, insert/fable,
scwrrility.
sectarian, dissect, seg-
ment.
sedentary, assiduous
preside, session, fcc-
siege.
seminary, disseminate.
semicircle,
senate, senior.
TH SPELLING-BOOK.
Root and Meaning. Representatire. Example.
Sentio, I feel; sen- sent, sens, sentient, dissent, sensa
sus, felt, tion.
Sequor, I follow; sequ, secut, sequel, subsequent, per
secutus, having sue, secute, execute, pur
followed, sue.
Silva, a wood, silv, si/ran.
Similis, like, simil, sembl, similar, resemble
Siinul, at the same simul, simultaneous.
time,
Simulo, I feign, simul, sembl, dissimulation, dissemble
Socius, a compan- sod, social, society.
ion,
Sol, the sun, sol, solar, solstice.
Solor, I comfort, sol, solace, console.
Solus, alone, sole, sol, solitude, so/iloquy.
Solvo, I loose; solu- solv, solu, dissolve, soluble, sulu-
tus, loosed, solut, tion.
Somnus, sleep, somn, somniferous.
Sopor, soporis, sopor, soporific.
sleep,
Sorbeo, I suck in; sorb,sorpt. absorbent, absorption.
sorptus, sucked in,
Sors, sortis, a lot, sort, assort, consort.
Sparsus, spread, spars, spers, sparse, disperse 9 asper-
(spersus when sion.
compounded,)
Species, a form, sped, specific.
species,
Specio, I see, I sped, spect, specious, inspect, ex
spy ; spectus, spise, spic, pect, despise, de.
Been, picable.
Specula, a watch- specul, speculate.
tower,
Spero, I hope, sper, spair, desperate, despair
Spiro, I breathe, spir, respiration expir\
THE SPELLING-BOOK. 121
Root and Meaning. Representative. Example.
Spondeo, I prom- spond, spons, respond, response, spon-
ise ; sponsus, spous, sor, espouse.
promised,
Stinguo, I put out ; stingu, stinct, extinguish, extinct,
stinctus, extin-
guished,
Stipula, a straw, stipul, stipulate.
stubble,
Stirps, the trunk of stirp, extirpate, (ec-stirpate.)
a tree, offspring,
Sto, I stand ; stans, stat, stant, stature, distant, sol-
standing ; sta- stic, stit, stice, solstitial.
turn, to stand,
Stringo, 1 bind ; string, strict, astringent, restrict, con-
strictus, bound, strain, strain.
Struo, I pile up ; struct, strue, structure, construe, de-
structus,piledup, stroy, stroy, extruct.
Stultus, a fool, stult, stultify.
Suadeo, I advise; suad, suas t dissuade, persuasive.
suasus, advised,
Suavis, sweet, suav, suavity.
Sumo, I take ; swwi, sumpt, sumptuous, asswne, con-
sumptus, taken, sumption.
Surgo, I rise ; sur- ' surg, surrect^ surge, insurgent, re<r-
rectus, risen, r^ion.
T.
Tango, I touchy tang, tig, tangent, contiguous,
tactus, touched, tact, tag, contact, contagion.
Tardus, slow, tard, tardy, retard.
Tego, I cover ; tec- teg, tect 9 integument, protect.
tut, covered,
Tempus, temporis, twnpor tense, temporal.
11
122
lili: Si'LLLlNG-BOOK.
Root and Meaning.
Tendo, I stretch;
tentus, stretched,
Teneo, I hold ; ten-
tus, held.
Tennis, thin,
Tepeo, I am warm,
Terra, the earth,
Testis, a witness,
Textus, woven,
Tollo, I lift up,
Tortus, twisted,
Traho, I draw ;
tractus, drawn,
Tritus, rubbed,
Trudo, I thrust ;
trusus, thrust,
Tueor, I see, I pro-
tect, I look,
Turba, a crowd, a
troop,
Turpis, base,
Representative.
tend, tent,
tens,
ten, tain, tin,
tent,
tcnu,
tcp,
/err, ter,
test,
text,
tol,
tort, tors,
trah, tract,
trit,
trud, trus t
tuit, tut,
turb t
turp,
Example.
distend, tent, extent, in-
tense.
tenant, contain, conti-
nent, detention.
tenuity, attenuate.
tepid, tepcfaction.
terraqueous, inter.
testify, attest
texture, context.
extol.
tortuous, extort, torsion.
subtrahend, tractable,
extract.
frifuration, contrite.
intrude, obtrusion.
tuition, intuitive, tutor,
tutelary.
tar&ulent, disturb.
turpitude.
Uber, fertile,
Umbra, a shadow,
Unda, a wave,
Unguo, I anoint ;
unctus, anointed,
Unus, one,
Urbs, a city,
Ustus, burnt,
UtTlis, useful,
Uxor, a wife,
u.
uber,
umbr,
und, ound,
ungu, unct,
oint,
un, uni,
urb,
ust,
util,
uxor,
uberty, exuberant,
umbrageous, wtfi&r
ujidulzte, inundate,
abound,
unguent, unction, an*
oint.
t/nanimous, uniform..
urban, suburbs.
combwsfion.
utility.
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
123
Root and Meaning.
Vacca, a cow,
Vaco, I am empty ;
vacuus, empty,
Vado, I go, I wade,
Vagor, I wander,
Valeo, I am strong,
Vasto, I lay waste,
Veho, I carry ; vec-
tus, carried,
Venio, I come ;
ventus, come,
Vernus, of the
spring,
Verto, I turn ; ver-
sus, turned,
Verus, true, very,
Vestis, a garment,
a vest,
Vetus, veteris, old,
Via, a way,
Video, I see ; visus,
seen,
Vigil, watchful,
Vinco, I conquer,
I vanquish; vio
tus, conquered,
Vita, life,
Vivo, I live; vic-
tum, to live,
Voco, I call ; voca-
tus, called,
Volo, I will, I wish,
v.
Representative,
vacc.
vad, vas,
vag, vagr,
val, vail,
vast,
vect, veh,
veigh,
vey,
ven, vent,
vern,
vert, vers,
vcr,
vest,
vcter,
vi,
vid, vis, fyc.
vigil,
vjnc, vict, vie,
vit,
viv, vict,
voc, voJc, vo-
cat, vow,
vol,
Example.
vaccination.
vacation, vacancy, vacu-
um, evacwate.
invade, invasion.
vagabond, vagrant.
valor, prevalent, pre-
vai7.
devastation.
vcc^ive, invective, vehi-
cle, \nveigh, convey.
convene, mvent.
vernal.
revert, divers, versatile,
converse.
verity, verdict, aver.
vestment, invest.
veteran.
obvzate, obvious.
provtWe, visible, revise.
invincible, convince, vic-
tory, pervicacious.
vi^al.
vivid, survive, victuals
vocable, revoke, voca-
tive, vowel, voice.
voluntary, benevo/ent
THE SPFLLING-BOOK.
Root and Meaning. Representative. Example.
Volo, I fly, vol, volatile, fowl.
Volvo, I roll ; vqju- volv, volut, revolve, revolution, vol
tus, rolled, volu, uhle, volume.
Voro, I devour, vor t voracious, carniuorous.
jVulgrus, the rabble, vulg, vulgar, divulge.
folk,
Vulsus, pulled, vuls, convulsion.
GREEK ROOTS, FOUND ONLY IN COMPOSITION.
Adelpho?,a brother,
^Ethlos, a combat,
Agogos, a leader,
Akouo, I hear,
Anthos, a flower,
Anthropos, a man,
Arche, sovereignty,
Aristos, best,
Arithmos, number
Astron, a star,
Atmos, vapor,
Autos, self,
Bnpto, I dip,
Baros, weight,
Biblion, a book,
Bios, life,
Cheir, the hand,
Chole, bile,
adclph,
athlet,
agogu,
acous,
anttio,
anthrop,
arch,
arist,
arithm,
aster, astr,
atm,
out,
B.
bapt,
bar,
bibli,
hi,
chir,
chol,
c.
Philadelphia.
athletic.
demagogue.
acoustics.
anthology.
philanthropy.
heptarchy, arcAbishop.
arithmetic.
asterisk, astronomy.
atmosphere.
autograph.
barometer, barytone.
Bible, bibliography.
amphibious, 6zography
c/t/rography.
choleric, melancholy
THE S
125
Root and Meaning.
Chronos, time,
Chrysos, gold,
Representative. Example
chron, chronic, c/tronometer.
chryso, chrysolite.
Deka, ten,
Demos, the people,
Dendron, a tree,
Doxe, and dogma,
an opinion,
Dromos, a course,
Drus, an oak,
Dynamis, power,
D
dec,
dem,
dendr, den-
dron,
dox, dogm,
drom,
dru, dry,
dynam,
decagon, decalogue. >
epidemic, democracy,
dendritic, rhododendron.
orthodox, do^watize.
hippodrowze, dromedary
drwid, dryad,
dynamics.
E.
Eidos, a form,
Epos, a word,
Eremos, a desert,
Ergon, work,
Ethos, a custom,
Eu, well,
eid,
ep,
erem,
erg, urg,
eth,
eu, ev,
G.
Gamos, a marriage, gam,
Gaster, the belly, gastr,
Ge, the earth, ge,
Geno, I produce, gen,
Genos, kindor race, gen,
Glossa, glotta, the gloss, glot,
tongue,
Gonia, a corner, an gon,
angle,
Gramma, a writing, gram,
11*
kaletWoscope.
epic, orthoepy.
eremite, (hermit.)
energetic, metallwr^y.
epical.
eulogy, evangelist
bigamy.
gastric, gastronomy.
geography, apogee,
oxygen, hydrogen.
heterp^cweous.
glossary, polyglot.
polygon,
epigram, grammar
126
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
Hoot and Meaning. Representative. Example.
Graphe, a writing, graph, autograph, hydro-
raphy.
Gyros, a circle, a gt/r, gyration.
H.
Hagios, holy, Aogt,
Hecaton,a hundred, heca,
Helios, the sun, Ae/t,
Hemera, a day, hemer,
Hepta, seven, kept,
Heteros, dissimilar, hetero,
Hex, six, hex,
Hieros, holy, hier,
Hippos, a horse, hipp,
Hodos, a way, od,
Homos, similar, homo,
Hydor, water, hydr,
Hygros, wet, hygr,
hecatomb,
heliacal, aphelion,
ephemeral.
heptagon, heptarchy,
heterodox,
hexagon.
hierarchy, hieroglyph-
ics.
hippopotamus,
exodus,
homologous.
hydrostatics, hydraulics
hygrometer.
Ichthys, a fish, ichthy
Fsos, equal, is,
ichthyology.
tsoperimetricai.
K.
Kakos, bad, cac, cachectic, cacophony.
Kalos, handsome, kal, /:a/eidoscope.
Kalypto, I cover; calypt,calyps, apocalyptic, apocalypse.
kalypso, I will
cover,
Kephale, the head, cephal, crpJiafic, hydrocephalua
Kosmos, the world, cosm, cosmetic, microcosm.
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
127
Hoot and Meaning.
Kratos, strength,
Kyklos, a circle,
cycle,
Laos, the people,
Lithos. a stone,
Logos, a word, de-
scription,
Mache, a fight,
Mania, madness,
Mechanao, I invent,
Melan, black,
Metron, a measure,
Micros, little,
Misos, hatred,
Monos, alone,
Morphe, shape,
Mythos, a fable,
Naus, a ship,
Nekros, dead,
Neos, new,
Nesos, an island,
Nomos, a law,
Nosos, sickness,
Representative.
crac, crat,
cycl,
L.
lai, lay,
lith, lit,
^g t logy, logu,
M.
mack,
mania,
mechan,
melan,
metr, meter,
micr,
mis,
mon,
morph,
myth,
N.
naus, naut t
necr,
ne,
nesus.
nos,
Example.
aristocracy, aristocratic.
cycloid, epicycle.
laity, lay, layman,
lithography, chrysolite.
/apical, logomachy,
chronology, cata-
logue.
nzumacky.
maniac, biblioma?ito.
mechanic.
melancholy.
geometry, thermowefcr.
microscope.
misanthrope.
monarch, monosyllable.
metamorphosis.
mythic, mythology.
nausea., nautical.
necromancy.
neology.
Peloponnesus.
astronomy.
nosology.
o.
Oikeo, I dwell ; etc, och, ec, oc, antosci, periojci, paro-
oikos, a house, c/*ial, economy, dio
cese.
Oligos, little, few, olig, oligarchy.
128
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
Koot and Meaning. Representative.
Ophis, a serpent, ophi,
Optomai, I see, opt,
Ornis, ornithos, a ornith,
bird,
Orthos, right, orth,
Oxys, acid, ox, oxy,
P.
Pais, paidos, a boy,
Pathos, feeling,
Pente, five,
Petra, a stone, a
pier,
Phagein, to eat,
Phaino, I show, I
appear,
Phemi, I speak,
Philos, a friend,
*
Phobeo, I terrify,
Phone, the voice,
Phren, the mind,
Phthongos, a sound,
Physis, nature,
Polemos, war,
Poleo, I sell,
Polis, a city,
Polys, many,
Potamos, a river,
Pous, podos, the
foot,
:d<>, I deceive,
Pyr, fir*,
ped,
path,
pent,
pctr,
Exampta.
ophiology.
optical,
ornithology.
orMography.
oxalic, oxide, oxygen.
pedagogue, cyclopedia.
pathetic, apathy.
pentagon, pentecost.
petralogy, pctn faction
phan, phcn,
f<* n >
phem, phas,
phot, phc*,
phec,
phob,
phon,
phrcn,
phthong,
phys,
polem,
pol,
pal,
potamus,
pus, pod,
pseudo,
phantom, phenomenon,
fantasy, fancy.
blaspheme, emphasis,
emphatic, prophet,
prophecy.
philanthropy, phifobo*
phy.
hydrqp/jo&ia.
phonics, euphony.
phrensy, phrenology.
diphthong.
physical.
polemical.
bibliopole, monopoly.
policy, polite, metrqp
o/is.
polygon.
bippopotamus
polypus, antipodes.
pseudo-apostle.
pyramid, pyrometer
THE SPfiLT, ING-BOOK.
129
Root and Meaning.
Sarks, flesh,
Situs, corn, food,
Skopeo; I see,
Sophos, wise,
Stello, I send; es-
tola, I have sent
Strepho, I turn,
Tele, distant,
Techne, art,
Thapto, 1 bury,
Hieos. God,
s.
.Representative. Example.
sarc, 5rcophagus, an as art a.
sit, parastte.
scop, telescope, episcopacy.
soph, sophist, philosophy
stl, stal, stol, apostle, peristaltic, epis-
to/ary.
streph, peiistrephic.
T.
tel, telescope.
tec/in,
taph,
the, thus,
Tiermos, warm, t-hermo,
TitherrM, I put, J thesis, thet,
suppose; thes'i them,
a position,
T 3pos, a place, top,
z.
technical.
epitaph.
theism, atheist, enthusi
ast.
thermometer.
Z>67i, an animal, ro 9
theme, epithcm.
topical, topography.
zoology, as0te.
THF. SPELLING-BOOK.
LATIN WORDS AND PHRASES EXPLAINED.
Ab in-i'-tio, from the begin-
ning.
A for-ti-o'-ri, with stronger
reason.
A pri-o'-ri, from a prior rra-
son ; from the cause to the
effect.
\ pos-te-ri-o'-ri, from a poste-
rior reason ; from the effect
to the cause.
Ad cap-tan'-dum vul'-gus, to
catch the rabble.
Ad in-fi-ni'-tum, to infinity ;
without end.
Ad lib'-i-tum, at pleasure.
Ad ref-e-ren'-dum, for further
consideration.
Ad va-lo'-rem, according to
the value.
A'-li-as, otherwise.
Al'-i-bi, elsewhere; proof of
having been elsewhere.
AJ'-ma Ma'-ter, Benign Moth-
er, (the University.)
A men'-sa et tho'-ro, from bed
and board.
An'-no Dom'-i-ni, (A. D.) in
fhe year of our Lord.
An'-no mun'-di, (A. M.) in
the year of the world.
An'-te me-rid'-i-em, (A. M.)
before noon.
Ar-gu-men'-ttrm bac-u-li'-num,
argument of blous.
Au'-di al'-te-ram par'-tem, htm
both sides.
B.
Bo'-na fi'-de, in good faith.
C.
Cac-oe'-thes scri-ben'-di, an
itch for writing.
Ca'-pi-as, you may take, (a
law term.)
Ca'-put mor'-tu-um, the worth-
less remains.
Caet'-e-ris par'-i-bus, otner cir-
cumstances being equal.
Com'-pos men'-tis, of sound
mind.
Cor'-nu co'-pi-ae, the horn of
plenty.
Cui bo'-no ? to what good will
it tend?
Cum priv i-le'-gi-o, with privi-
lege.
THE SPELLING-P.OOK.
131
Cur-ren'-te cal -a-mo, with a
running pen.
Cus'-tos ro-tu-lo'-rum, keeper
of the rolls.
D.
Da'-ta, things granted.
De fac'-to, in fact.
De ju'-re, in law.
De mor'-tu-is nil ni'-si bo'-
num ; of the dead say noth-
ing except what is good.
De'-i gra'-ti-a, by the grace of
God.
De no'-vo, anew ; over again.
De'-o vo-len'-te, God willing.
De-sid-er-a'-tum, a thing de-
sired.
De'-sunt caet'-e-ra, the remain-
der is wanting.
Di-vi'-de et im'-pe-ra, divide
and govern.
Dram'-a-tis per-so'-nse, the char-
acters in a play.
Du-ran'-te plac^i-to, during
pleasure.
Du-rar^-te vi'-ta, during life.
E.
'E-qui-lib'-ri-um, equality of
weight
Er'-go, therefore.
Er-ra x -ta, mistakes in printing.
Es'-to per-pet/-u-a, may it last
forever.
Et caet'rvra, (&c.) and the
rest
Ex'-it, he goes off; dtjsarture.
Ex'-e-unt om'-nes, they all go
off.
Ex-em'-pli gra'-ti-a, (e. g.) for
example.
Ex cath'-e-dra, from the chair.
Ex-cerp x -ta, extracts from a
work.
Ex con-ces'-so, from what has
been conceded.
Ex ni x -hi-lo ni'-hil fit, from
nothing nothing can come.
Ex of-fi'-ci-o, officially.
Ex par x -te, on one side.
Ex tem'-pore, without premed-
itation.
Ex-u'-vi-ae, cast skins of ani-
mals.
F.
Fac sim'-i-le, an exact copy.
Fe 7 -lo de se, a self-murderer
a suicide.
Fi'-at, let it be done
G.
Gra.'-t\s,for nothing.
H.
Hi-a'-tus, an opening or gap.
Hu-ma'-num est er-ra'-re. tn
err is human.
I.
Ib'-i-dem, in the same place.
I'-dem, the same.
Id est, (i. e.) that is.
l'J2
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
IgMiis fat' a-us, WilM-the-
Wisp.
fm-pri-ma'-tur, let it be print-
ed.
Im-pri'-mis, in thejirst place.
fm-promp'-tu, without study.
In for'-ma pau'-pe-ris, as a
pauper.
In lim'-i-ne, at the outset.
in pro'-pri-a per-so'-na, tit per-
son.
In re, tit the matter or busi-
ness of.
In sta'-tu quo, tit the former
state.
In'-te-rim, tit the mean time.
In-ter-reg'-num, the period be-
tween two reigns.
In ter-ro'-rem, as a warning.
In to'-to, entirely.
In vi'-no ver'-i-tas, there is
truth in wine.
Ip'-se dix'-it, mere assertion.
Ip'-so fac'-to, by the fact itself.
I'-tem, also; an article in a
bill or account.
J.
Ju'-re di-vi'-no, by divine right.
Ju'-re hu-ma'-no, by human
law.
Lex tal-i-o'-nis, the law of re-
taliation.
La'-bor om'-ni-a vin'-cit, labor
overcomes every thing.
Lap'-sus lin'-guaB, a slip of the
tongue.
Lit'-e-ra scrip'-ta ma'-net, what
is written remains.
Lo'-cum te'-nens, a substitute
or deputy.
Lo'-cus si-gilMi, (L. S.) the
place of the seal.
M.
Mag / -na char ; -ta, (kar'-ta,) tie
great charter.
Ma'-nes, departed spirits.
Max'-i-mum, the greatest.
Me-men'-to rao'-ri, remember
death.
Me'-urn et tu'-um, mint, and
thine.
Min'-i-mum, the least.
Mul'-tum in par'-vo, much in
little.
N.
Nem'-i-ne con-tra-di-cen ; -te,
(nem. con.) none opposing.
Ne plus ul'-tra, no farther;
the utmost point.
Ne quid ni'-mis, too much of
one thing is good for noth-
ing.
Ne su'-tor ul'-tra crep'-i-dam,
the shoemaker should not go
beyond his last ; persons
should attend to their own
business.
NoMens vo'-lens, willing or
unwilling.
Till: &PCLL1NG-BOOK.
Nou com'-pos, out of one's
senses.
Nos'-ci-tur ex so'-ci-is, one is
knoion by his associates.
No'-ta be'-rie, (N. B.) mar k
well or attentively.
O.
Om'-ni-bus, for all.
O'-nua pro-ban'-di, the burden
of proving.
O-ti-um cum dig-ni-ta'-te, lei-
sure or retirement with dig-
nity.
p.
Pas'-sim, every where.
Pen-den'-te li'-te, while the
suit is pending.
Per cent., (cen'-tum,) per hun-
dred.
Per fas et ne'-fas, through
right and wrong.
Per sal '-turn, by a leap.
Per se, by itself.
Pinx'-it, painted it.
Pos'-se com-i-ta'-tus, the civil
force of the county.
Post me-rid'-i-em, (P. M.) the
afternoon.
Pos-tu-la'-ta, things required.
Pri'-ma fa'-ci-e, at the first
view.
Pri'-mum mob'-i-le, the first
mover ; the main spring.
Prin-cip'-i-is ob'-sta, oppose the
beginnings of evil.
12
Pro a'-ris et fo'-cis, for our
altars and firesides.
Pro bo' no pub'-li-co, for
public good.
Pro et con, for and
Pro for'-ma, for form's sake.
Pro hac vi'-ce, for this timt.
Pro re na'^ta, for the OCCA
sion.
Pro tem'-po-re, for the time.
a.
Quan'-tum li'-bet, as much as
is pleasing.
Quantum suf-fi-cit, as much
as is sufficient.
Quid nunc? what now? a
neiffsmonger.
Quid pro quo, something for
something ; tit for tat.
Quod e'-rat de-mon-stran'-
dum, (Q. E. D.) that which
was to be proved.
Quon'-dam, formerly.
Quot hom'-i-nes tot sen-ten'-
tiae, so many men t so many
opinions
R.
Ra'-ra a'-vis, a rare bird; a
prodigy.
Re-qui-es'-cat in pa'-ce, may
he rest in peace.
Re in-fec 7 -ta, without accom-
plishing the matter.
Res'-pi-ce fV-nem, look to the
end.
Re-sur'-gam,/5Aa//n*5e again.
131
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
S.
Scii -i-cet, (sc.) to wit.
Sci' re fa'-ci-as, cause it to be
known.
Sem'-per i'-dem, always the
sortie.
Scm'-per pa-ra'-tus, always
prepared.
Se-ri-a'-tim, tit regular order.
Si'-lent le'-ges in'-ter ar'-ma,
laws are silent in the midst
of arms.
Si'-ne di'-e, without fixing a
day.
Si'-ne qua non, without which
it cannot ; an indispensable
condition.
Sta'-tu quo, in the state in
which it was.
Su'-a cui'-que vo-lup'-tas, ev-
ery one has his own pleas-
ure.
Suav'-i-ter in mo-do, for'-ti-ter
in re, gentle in manner, but
Jirm in acting.
Sub-pce'-na, under a penalty.
Sub si-len'-ti-o, in silence.
Su'-i gen'-e-ris, the only one of
the kind; singular.
Su'-um cui'-que, let every one
have his own.
Sum 7 -mum bo'-num, the chief
good.
T.
Tie'-di-um vi'-tie, weariness of
life; ennui.
Tab'-u-la ra'-sa, a smooth tab-
le f ; a mere blank.
Tem'-po-ra jnu-tan tur, times
are changed.
Tri'-a junc'-ta in u'-no, t/irtc
joined in one.
To'-ti-es quo'-ti-es, as often as
U.
Ul'-ti-mus, (ult.) the last.
IP-na vo ; -ce, with one voice.
U'-ti-le dul'-ci, the useful with
the agreeable.
V.
Vac'-u-um, an empty space.
W-de me'-cum, come with me ;
a companion.
Vie vic'-tis ! alas for the vati"
quished!
Ve-ni-en'-ti oc-cur'-ri-te mor'-
bo, meet the disease in tht
beginning.
Ver-ba'-tim, word for word.
Ver x -sus, against.
W-a, by the way of.
Vi'-ce ver'-sa, the reverse.
Vi'-de, see ; refer to.
Vi et ar x -mis, by main force.
Vis in-er'-ti-se, the force of
property of inanimate matter
Vi'-va vo'-ce, orally ; by wora
of mouth.
Viz., (vi-del'-i-cet,) to wit.
Vox et prae-ter-e'-a ni'-hil . voice
(or sound) and not king more.
Vi'-vat re-gi -na ! lung lice tht
queen !
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
FRRNCH AND OTHER FOREIGN WORDS
AND PHRASES IN COMMON USE.
A.
Aide-de-camp, (aid-deh-cong'.)
A -la-mode, (ah-la-mode',) in
the fashion.
Amateur, (ahm-at-ehr',) a vir-
tuoso.
Antique, (an-teek',) ancient;
old fashioned.
Apropos, (ap-ro-po',) to the
purpose ; by-thc-by.
B.
Bagatelle, (ba-ga-tel',) a trifle.
Beau, (bo,) a gayly dressed
person ; an admirer.
Beau monde, (bo mond,) the
gay or fashiojiable world.
Beaux esprits, (boz-es-pree',)
men of int.
Belle, (bel ,) a fine or fashion-
able lady.
Belles lettres, (bell-lettr',) po-
lite literature.
Billet doux, (bil-le-doo',) a
love-letter.
#on mot, (bohu-mo',) a smart
vr willy saying.
Bon ton, (bohn-tong'',) in high
fashion.
Bon jour, (bohn-zhur,) good
day, or good morning.
Bon vivant, (bohn-veev'-ahn,)
a high liver ; a choice spirit.
Boudoir, (boo-dwaur',) a small
closet , or private room.
Bravura (-voo y -ra,) [Italian,]
a song of difficult execution ;
difficult, brilliant.
Bulletin, (booi-le-taang 7 ,) an
official account of news.
Bureau, (bu-ro',) an office-desk.
C.
Canaille, the rabble.
Caoutchouc, (coo'-chook,) In-
dia rubber.
Cap-a-pie, (cap-ah-pee',) from
head to foot.
Carte blanche, (cart-blansh,)
one's own terms.
Champetie, (shahn-paytr',) ru-
ral.
Chaperon, (shap'-er-ong,) a
gentleman who pratcct$ or
.OUK.
waits on a lady in a public
assembly, ^properly, a kind
of hood or cap worn by a
faigkt.)
it an, (shar'-la-tan,) a
quack.
Chateau, (shali-to',) a castle.
Chef d'ceuvre, (shay-doovr 7 ,)
a
Chevaux de frise, (shev'-o-deh
freez,) a ^tihul ft >
Cicerone, (chee-chai-ro'-ny,)
[Italian,] a guide or con-
ductor, (one who oratories
in his descriptions.)
Ci-devant, (see-de-vang',) for-
merly.
Clique, (cleek,) a party, or
Comme il faut, (com-ee-fo 7 ,)
as it should be.
Con amore, (con-a-mo 7 -re,)
with love; gladly.
Conge d 'el ire, (con-jay-da-
leer',) permission to elect.
Connoisseur, (con-a-sehr,) a
skilful judge.
Contour, (con-toor',) the out-
line of a figure.
Conversazione, (sat'-ze-o-ny,)
[Italian,] a meeting of com-
pany.
Corps, (core,) a body oj men.
' e, (cor-teje,) a train
of attt-ndc
Coup de grace, (coo-deh-
the finishing blow.
Coup d main, (ceo-deh-
mahng ,) a sudden or bu/d
/sr.
Coup d'oeil, (coo-deuhl',) a
glance of the eye.
Coute qui coute, (coot-kot'-
coot,) cost what if trill.
D.
Debris, (de-bree 7 ,) broken re-
mains.
Debut, ( de-boo 7 , ).first ft;
ance.
Dejeuner a la fourchette, (de-
zheu-ne-ah-1 ah-foor'-sh
a breakfast with meats,
fmflls, 4*c. ; a public br(dk-
fast.
Denouement, (de-noo-mong,)
the winding up.
Dernier resort, (dairn-yair-res-
sor',) the last shift or re-
source.
Depot, (deh-po 7 ,) a store or
magazine.
Detour, (deh-toor 7 ,) a circui-
tous march.
Devoir, (dev-waur',) duty, re
spccts.
Dieu et mon droit, (Dieu-a
mohn-<lrwau',) God and my
right.
Dishabille, (dis-ah-beel',) an
undress.
Domicile, (dom-e-seel ,) abode
Double entendre, (doo'-hle-
on-tong-der,) donb!< mean?
ing.
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
137
Douceur, (doo-soor',) a pres-
ent or bribe.
Da cap'o, [Italian,] over again,
(in music.)
E.
Eclaircissement, (ec-Iair-cis-
mong,) an explanation.
Eclat,(e-claw',) splendor; with
applause.
Elite, (ai-leet',) chosen; se-
lect.
Eleve, (el-ave',) a pupil.
Embonpoint, (ahn-bon-pwawn',
in good condition.
Encore, (arm-core 7 ,) again.
En masse, (an masse,) in a
mass or body.
En passant, (an-pas'-sang,) in
passing; by-the-by.
Ennui, (an'-wee,) wearisome-
ness.
Entre nous, (antr noo,) be-
tween ourselves.
Entree, (an-tray',) entrance.
Envelope, (ahn-v'lope',) a cov-
er for a letter.
Epaulette, (ep-o-let',) a shoul-
der knot.
Esprit de corps, (es-pree'-de-
corps,) the spirit of the body
or party.
Estafette, (es-tah-fet',) an ex-
press.
Etiquette, (et-e-ket',) ceremo-
ny.
13*
F.
Fa$ade, (fah-sahd',) front of
a building.
Faux pas, (fo-pah,) a false
step; misconduct.
Fete, (fate,) a feast or festival.
Feu de joie, (feu-deh-zhwaw',)
a discharge of Jircarms at
a rejoicing.
Fille de chambre, (feel-de-
sham-br 7 ,) a chamber maid.
Finale, (fee-nahMe,) [It.,] thi
end, the close.
Fracas, (frah-cah',) a squab-
ble.
G.
Gendarmes, (jang-darm ; ,) sol-
diers ; police.
Gout, (goo,) taste.
H.
Hauteur, (ho-tehr',) haughti-
ness.
Honi soit qui mal y pense, (ho-
nee-swaw-kee-mahl-e-pahns,)
evil to him that evil thinks.
Hors de combat, (hor-de-kohn'-
bah.) disabled.
I.
[ch dien, (ik-deen,) I serve.
Incognito, incog; in disguise.
[n petto, in the breast or mind
in reserve.
13S
J.
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
Nonpareil, (nohn-par-el',) with-
Je ne sais quoi, (je-ne-say
kwaw,) I know not what.
Jeu d'esprit, (zheu-des-pree 7 ,]
vlay of wit ; a witticism.
Jeu de mots, (zheu-de-mo 7 ,)
play upon words.
Levee, (lev'-ay,) a morning
visit.
Liqueur, (le-quehr,) a cor-
dial.
M.
Maitre d'hotel, (maytr-do-tel 7 ,)
a hotel keeper.
Mai a propos, (mal-ap-ro-po 7 ,)
out of time; unseasonably,
or unbecoming.
Mauvaise hoiite, (mau-vais-hont',)
false or unbecoming modesty.
Messieurs, (mess 7 -yers,) gen-
tlemen; used as the plural
of Mr.
Mignonette, (min-yonet 7 ,) a
sweet-smelling flower.
N.
Naivete, (nah-eev-tay 7 ,) ingen-
uousness ; simplicity.
Nom de guerre, (nong-deh-
gair 7 ,) an assumed name.
Nonchalance, (nohn-shah-
iahnce ) coolness ; indiffer-
ence
out an equal; matchless.
O.
On dit, (ohn-dee',) a flying
report.
Outre, (oo-tray 7 ,) ezir aordi na-
ry ; eccentric.
P.
Parole, (par-ole',) word of
honor.
Parterre, (par-tare 7 ,) aflower^
garden; level ground.
Patois, (pat-waw 7 ,) provincial-
ism.
Penchant, (pahn-shahn 7 ,) a
leaning or inclination.
Perdu, (per-doo 7 ,) lost; con-
cealed through fear.
Petit maitre, (petty-maytr,) a
little master ; a fop.
?rotege, (pro-t ay-jay 7 ,) onethat
is patronized and protected.
a.
lui vive, (kee-veev 7 ,) who goes
there 1 on the alert.
lagout, (rah-goo 7 ,) a highly-
seasoned dish.
ilencontre, (rahn-cohntr,) an
unexpected meeting ; an en"
counter.
lendezvous, (rahn-day-voo 7 ,)
thf. place of meeting.
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
139
Restaurateur, (le-stor-ah-tehr 7 ,)
a tavern keeper.
Rouge, (rooge,) red paint.
Ruse de guerre, (roos-deh-
gair',) a trick or stratagem
of war.
S.
Sang froid, (sahn-frwaw,) cool-
ness.
Sans, (sang,) without.
Savant, (sav-ang,) a learned
man.
Sobriquet, (so-bre-kay',) a
nickname.
Soi-disant, (swaw-dee'-zang,)
self-styled ; pretended.
Soiree, (swaw'-ray,) an eve-
ning party.
Souvenir, (soov-neer',) remem-
brance.
T.
Tapis, (tap-ee',) the carpet
"on the tapis " under con
sideration
Fete a tete, (tait-uh-tait,) head
to head ; a private conversa-
tion.
Tirade, (tee-rad',) a long in-
vective speech.
Tour, (toor,) a journey.
Tout ensemble, (too-tahn-sahi>
bl,) the whole.
U.
Unique, (yeu-neek 7 ,) singular;
the only one of the kind.
V.
Valet de chambre, (val-e-deh-
shambr,) a footman.
Vis-a-vis, (veez-ah-vee,) fare
to face.
Vive la bagatelle, (veev-la-bag-
a-tel',) success to trtflest
Vive le roi, (veevMer-waw ; )
long live the king.
1 In THE SPELLING-BOOK.
ABBREVIATIONS.
LATIN.
A. B. . Artium Baccalaureus, . . . Bachelor of arts.
A. M. . . Artium Magister, Master of arta.
A. C. . . AnU Christum, Before the Christian era.
A. D. . . Anno Domini, In the year of our Lord.
A. M. . . Anno Mundi, In the year of the world.
A. U. C. . Ab Urbe Condita From the building of the city
B. D. . . Baccalaureus Divinitatis, . Bachelor of divinity.
B. M. . . Baccalaureus Medicina, . Bachelor of medicine.
C. Cent . Centum, A hundred.
D. D. . . Doctor Divinitatis, .... Doctor of divinity.
e. g. ... Exempli gratia, For example.
Ibid. . . . Ibidem, In the same place.
Id. . . . . Idem, The same (author.)
L e. . . . Id est, That is.
Incog. . . Incognito, Unknown, concealed.
J. II. S. . Jesus Hominum Salvator, . Jesus the Savior of men.
LL. D. . . Legum Doctor, Doctor of laws.
K S. . . Locus Sigilli, The place of the seal
Lib. . . . Liber, Book.
M. D. . . Medicinft Doctor Doctor of medicine.
N. B. . . . Nbta Bene, Note well ; take notice.
Nem. con. JVfemine contradicentt. . . No one opposing it
Per cent Per centum, By the hundred.
P. M. . . Post Meridiem, In the afternoon.
Prox. . . Proximo, Next (month or term.)
PS.... Post Scriptum, Postscript (written after.*
Ult . . . Ultimo, In the last (month.)
Vid. . . . Fide, . See thou ; refer to.
Viz. . . . Fidelicet To wit; namely,
. Et orfero, And the rest, and so forth.
THE SPELLING-BOOK.
141
ENGLISH.
Acct. Account.
Apr. . . April.
Anon. . Anonymous.
Aug. . August.
B. A. . Bachelor of arts.
Bart. . Baronet.
Bbl. . . Barrel.
Bp. . . Bishop.
Capt. Captain.
Chap. . Chapter.
Co. . . County or Company,
Col. . . Colonel.
Cr. . . Creditor.
Dec. . . December.
Dr. . . Debtor or Doctor.
Do. . . Ditto ; the same.
E. . . . East.
Esq. . . Esquire.
F. R. S. Fellow of the Royal
Society.
F.A.S. Fellow of the Anti-
quarian Society.
F. S. A. Fellow of the Society
of Arts.
Feb. . . February.
Gent. . Gentleman.
Gen. . General.
Qov. . Governor.
lihd. . Hogshead.
Hon. . Honorable.
Inst. . Instant, present
month.
Jan. . January.
Jr. . .
Knt. . ,
Lat. .
Lieut.
Lon. . ,
Messrs.
M. C. ,
Mr . .
Mrs.. ,
MS. . .
MSS. .
N. S. .
N. . . ,
Nov. ,
No, . ,
O. S. .
8vo. . .
Oct. . .
oz. . .
Pres. .
Prof. .
4to. . .
Rep. .
Rev. .
Sec. . .
Sen. . .
S. . . .
Sept. .
St. . .
U.S. A
W.
Junio'r.
Knight.
Latitude.
Lieutenant.
Longitude.
Gentlemen.
Member of congresa
Master, (Mister.)
Mistress.
Manuscript.
Manuscripts.
New style, (1752.)
North.
November.
Number.
Old style.
Octavo.
October.
Ounce.
President.
Professor.
Quarto.
Representative.
Reverend.
Secretary.
Senior.
South.
September.
Saint.
United States of
America.
West.
I 12 THE SPELLING-BOOK.
ROMAN NOTATION.
The Romans counted up to three by single marks, sup-
posed to represent the fingers of the hand : thus, I. stood for
one; II. for two; and III. for three.
A smaller figure placed to the left of a larger is meant to
be subtracted from it; thus IV. means I. (one) subtracted
from V. (five) ; that is, IV.
V. stands for five. It represents the five fingers of the
hand, and was originally written thus ^, afterwards, the
middle fingers were left out, and the figure stood V.
A smaller figure placed to the right of a larger is meant
to be added to it; thus VI., VII., and VIII. stand, respec-
tively, for six, seven, and eight ; that is, five and one, five and
two, and five and three.
IX. stands for nine; that is, I. (one) from X. (ten.)
X stands for ten. It represents two fives placed ver-
tically; thus, J.
XI t XIL, XIII., eleven, twelve, thirteen; that is, ten and
one, ten and two, ten and three.
XIV., fourteen; that is, ten and (one from five) four.
XV., fifteen ; that is, five added to ten.
XVI., XVII., XVIII., XIX., sixteen, seventeen, eighteen,
nnd nineteen.
XX., twenty ; that is, two tens.
XXL, XXII., &,c., twenty-one, twenty-two, d:c.
XXX., thirty; that is, three tens.
XL., forty; that is, ten from fifty.
L., fifty. This letter stands for fifty, as being the half 01
on hundred. The Romans expressed one hundred by C.,
THE SPELLING-BOOK. I 1.1
the initial of Centum, (the Latin for a hundred.) In many
manuscripts the letter C is found in this form, . A hori-
zontal line drawn across it gives the lower half, L; and
hence the application.
LX , sixty ; that is, fifty and ten.
LXX., seventy ; fifty and two tens.
LXXX., eighty ; fifty and three tens.
XC., ninety; that is, ten from one hundred.
C., one hundred, (Centum.)
CC., two hundred.
CCC., three hundred.
CCCC., or CD., four hundred.
D., five hundred. This letter stands in the same relation
to a thousand that L (fifty) does to C (one hundred;) that is,
it lepresents the half of a thousand. The initial letter M,
of Mille, (a thousand,) was used to represent that number
An ancient form of this letter is CO. A line drawn vertically
through this letter, leaves, on the right hand side, a D. ; and
hence its application.
DC., six hundred.
DCC., seven hundred.
DCCC., eight hundred.
DCCCC., nine hundred.
M., a thousand.
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Express the following sums in Roman numerals :
One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight. Twelve
hundred and forty-two. Six hundred and forty-two. Eighty-
four. Nine hundred and forty-four. Fourteen hundred and
fifty-three. Two hundred and nine. Four hundred and fifty-
six. Eighteen hundred and forty-nine. One thousand six
hundred and twelve. Three hundred and forty-three. Eleven
hundred and fourteen. One thousand and sixty-six. Thir
teen thousand seven hundred and twenty-seven Ten thou-
sand lix hundred and fiftv-four.
144 THE SPELLING-BOOK.
Express the following Roman in Arabic numerals: *
MDCCX. DCXXIX. CCCXL. MDCCCXL. CXX.
DCCXXIV. CCCXXXIII. LXXXIV. XVIII. VIII.
XXVII. XXXIV. XLIV. XLVI. LXV. LXXV1I.
LI I. CCXCVI. XIX.
Put the following Arabic into Roman numerals :
Book 2. Chapter 8. Section 9. Appendix, No. 21.
Volume 6. Part 19. Chapter 30. Book 5. Section lv>.
No. 27. Volume 34. Part 56. In the year 1703. The
year 1153. The second verse of Chapter 12.
RULES FOR THE USE OF CAPITAL
LETTERS.
, 1. The first letter of the first word of every sentence, and
after every full stop, should begin with a capital ; as, " John
walks. " " What do you want ? "
2. The first letter of every line in poetry should begin
with a capital ; as,
" These are thy works, Parent of Good,
Almighty ! thine this universal frame,
Thus wondrous fair ! Thyself how wondrous then ! '
3. Proper names should begin with capitals; as, "I saw
William and Francis." " Washington is the capital of the
United States of America.' 1
4. Qualities personified should begin with" capitals; as,
" Hence, loathed Melancholy/ 1
The Arabic numeral* are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, They are so
called because they were introduced from the East if ito Europe by
the Arabian*.
THE STBLLING-HOOK. 14o
5. Every appellation of the Doity should begin with a
capital , as, " The Lore? Jehovah reigns/'
6. The pronoun 7, and the interjection O! should always
be capitals.
7. Titles of honor and respect, when followed by name?,
should be distinguished by capitals; as, "The Governor
of Ohio." When no name follows a title, it need not be
written with a capital ; as, " The governor gpoke to the
president."
8. Nouns denoting a religious sect should begin with a
c ;pital ; as, a Friend, a Calvinist, a Baptist, a Unitarian,
a Methodist, a Universalist, an Episcopalian, &,c.
9. The principal words in the titles of books should begin
with capitals ; as, Pope's " Essay on Man."
EXERCISES FOR WRITING.
Boston is the capital of Massachusetts. Cincinnati is on
the Ohio. St. Louis is a beautiful and flourishing city on
the Mississippi. When we were at New York, last June,
many vessels arrived there from England and France. Co-
lumbus discovered America. The Great Britain steamship
stranded on the coast of Ireland. Put your trust in God.
The Creator and Ruler of the world. The "Messiah"
was written by Klopstock, a German poet. Titus, the
Roman emperor, who took Jerusalem, was styled " The
Delight of Mankind." The Pyrenees divide France from
Spain. Virginia was settled in A. D. 1607. Boston is
supplied with water from Lake Cochituate. The Der
tion of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson.
Great Britain comprises England, Scotland, and Wales
The Old Testament was chiefly written in the Hebrew
language, and the New Testament in the Greek.
10 13
lit}
THE SFf
POINTS OR MARKS m-!l> IN \VIUTINO.
Semicolon
>n
iod
Interrogation
Exclamation
Dash
Parentliesis
Brackets
Caret
Paragraph
I ml ox
Section
Asterisk
Obelisk
1'arallH*
Diaeresis
II
07-
$
COMMA (, )
The COMMA if used to mark o{T cortain clauaet in
sentences.
SEMICOLON ( ; )
The SEMICOLON is used to mark off those parts of a
sentence which require to be more distinctly separated than
by a comma,
COLON ( : )
The COLON is used to mark off those parts of a sent--
which require to be more distinctly separated than by a
temicoloii.
PERIOD ( . )
The PERIOD is used at the end of a vsentence, and shows
that its sense is complete. It ia also used after abbreviations
and contractions
'VII f. ii'fU.INft-KOHK. 11?
The NOTE op TNTFRROOATION is used in asking a ques-
tion.
APOSTROPHE ( ' )
The Ai-o.sTiiopuE denotes the omission of one or more
letters ; as, lov'd, loved. Tt also marks the possessive case;
a*, a hoy't hni.
EXCLAMATION ( ! )
The NOTE OF EXCLAMATION is placed after expressions
of sudden emotion or strong feeling.
DASH ( )
The DASH is used where the sentence is left unfinished,
and where there is a sudden change of the sentiment.
PARENTHESIS ((>)
The PARENTHESIS is used to include something explana-
tory or incidentally introduced.
BRACKETS ( [ ] )
BRACKETS are used for the same purpose a* the
thesis.
CARET ( A )
The CARET is used to show that a letter or word ha*
accidentally omitted in writing; as, comcnce.
HYPHEN ( - )
The HYPHEN is used to connect compound words, and In
placed after a syllahle ending a line, to show that the re-
mainder of trm word begins the next line
1 FM1 I.I. NO HOOK.
PARACR \PII ill)
The P.ARAMiAiMi i- : driiuie the begin-
ning of a new subject.
QUOTATION ( * " )
Tlie QUOTATION is used to signify that the wonls so
Xed are taken from some other author.
INDEX (
The INDEX is used to show that special attention is re-
quired.
SECTION ( )
The SECTION is used to mark the smaller divisions of a
discourse.
ASTERISK, OR STAR ( * )
The ASTERISK, or STAR, refers to something in the margin
or at the bottom of the page.
OBELISK ( f ) AND PARALLELS ( |, )
The OBELISK and PARALLELS are used for references, the
ns the asterisk.
ELLIPSIS ( * * * )
The ELI.ITSIS is used to denote the omission of b<
letters or words; as, T****s, Thomas.
RKSlS ( " )
The DIURESIS, placed over the latter of two vowels show*
that both of them are soundefth Jf, cooperate.
TA .ULL-
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
AND ITS APPJ
4
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PIC TCH BOOKS.
fLLU
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