THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ** AND VERBATIM REPORTING F. WILLIS MOSHER ''V^ \rucHTVpEWHiTTNX5 CHARTS AND THE COMPLETE TYPEWRITER INSTRUCTOR SECQND PUBLISHED BY ROHRBOUGH BROTHERS OMAHA, NEB. 1903 COPTBIUHT 1908, BY F. NVllJ.IS MOSHKH .MKWTIiY PRINTING CO. OMAHA M / 705 CONTENTS. PACE Preface' v i Introductory - ] x Shorthand Penmanship XIV FIRST LESStN. Cnsnants 1 * Vwels 1 j Rules f*r Writing Vwels 2 Method of Study - 3 09 13 SECOND LESSON. g The Vwel E - 6 in SH and CH 6 5 S 7 ^ Z - - - 7 Rules fr the Use f S 7 a 5 THIRD LESS8N. The Vwel I - 10 St 10 FOURTH LESSON. The -Hk 13 Rules fr the 0-Hook 13 Str - 14 448300 iv MOSHER SHORTHAND. FIFTH LESSON. PAGE The U-Hk 17 Ruje for the U-Hk 17 The T-Hook 18 The D-Hook 18 Rules for the T and D Hooks 19 SIXTH LESSON. Word-Signs - 22 Phrasing 22 SEVENTH LESSON. The Diphthong 01 - 25 The Diphthong EW 25 The Diphthong OW - 25 Blended Consonants 26 Lengthening Principle - 27 EIGHTH LESSON. Tick for A, AN or AND - 29 OF and OF THE . 30 x 30 NINTH LESSON. W and Y - .33 YA and YE - - - . . 34 TENTH LESSON. NG - 36 NGK 36 Tr - 37 !>' - 37 MOSHER SHORTHAND. v ELEVENTH LESSON. PAOE Suggestions - 39 Suggestions on Phrasing 40 Letters with Key - 42 TWELFTH LESSON. Reversing Circle Vowels to add R and L - 45 Addition of S to a Reverse Circle - 47 Addition of LY 48 The 0-Hook Repeated 48 THIRTEENTH LESSON. Reversing Principle (Continued) "49 FOURTEENTH LESSON. Xd and Nt Indicated 5.3 FIFTEENTH LESSON. Thr 57 SIXTEENTH LESSON. Mp and Mb - 02 SEVENTEENTH LESSON. Omission of Words 66 Figures . 67 EIGHTEENTH LESSON. The Gr-Hook 70 NINETEENTH LESSON. The Kl-Hook 7-1 vi MOSHER SHORTHAND. TWENTIETH LESSON. PA < SE Omission of Letters 78 Joining Vowels - - 79 The ATIC-Hook SO TWENTY-FIRST LESSON. Joined Prefixes TWENTY-SECOND LESSON. Disjoined Prefixes TWENTY-THIRD LESSON. Joined Affixes - 97 TWENTY-FOURTH LESSON. Disjoined Affixes 103 Complete List of Word-Signs 113 Complete List of Phrases 131 Exercises Illustrating Phrases 134, 13S 140 Letters 142 Testimony 158 Charge to Jury 172 Writing Exercise, "Life is a Battle." 177 "From Webster's Reply to Hayne." 180 Writing Exercise, "Little Hindrances to Success." 185 "Hryan's Speech at Chicago, July 18, 1903." 187 "From the Argument of Daniel Webster on the Trial of John Francis Knapp." 198 "Is there Iron in Your Blood?" 202 Cities and Countries 204 I >:iys and Months 205 States and Torn lories - - 205 PREFACE, "Improvement the order of the age," is as true as it is familiar. Perfection, if ever attained, is the result of serious inquiry, careful experiment, and gradual change. The mechanic, who is able to discover and then remedy the defect of a given piece of machinery, oftentimes dis- plays as much inventive genius as the man who first con- trived the imperfect model. This is exemplified in every department of human activity, but in none, perhaps, more than in the realm of shorthand. It is safe to say that every author of shorthand, since the time of the early pioneers, deserves greater credit for adaptation, and ar- rangement of certain well known characters, or outlines, than he does for the creation or invention of anything actually new; for we have yet to find any modern system, the symbols or characters of which, do not have a close resemblance to the characters found in the primitive sys- tems. If this be true, the modern shorthand author has but little right to base his claim for credit upon anything more than the arrangement, adaptation, and application of signs and symbols already existing. In the preparation of this text upon light-line short- hand, the author lays no claim to having originated an entirely new system, but he does claim to have prescribed certain remedies for the numerous defects known to be inherent in the Gregg system, as presented by the author's viii MOSHER SHORTHAND. latest text book. The improvements consist chiefly of the adaptation and use of certain expedients, which will add very materially to the legibility and speed, and most of all, give it a standing among the reporting systems. He has earnestly sought to do for the Gregg system, what Andrew J. Graham did for the Pitman, and in the comple- tion of his work, has a right to indulge the hope, that the result of his endeavor may be carefully judged by im- partial and unprejudiced teachers and students of short- hand. F. WILLIS MOSHER. Omaha, Nebraska, October, 1903. INTRODUCTORY. Eecent years have shown marked activity and progress in shorthand. . The most noteworthy event is the dis- position and desire to break away from the old systems. There seems to be a well grounded conviction that a sys- tem of shorthand, the alphabet of which is encumbered with many shades and slants, is too antiquated for modern exigencies. A system of shorthand so complicated as to make it extremely difficult to master, no longer attracts those who believe that something more simple and vastly superior may be substituted for it. If the old Pitmanic systems could have been in some way simplified, which seems to have been impossible, it is safe to say that many of the so-called modern systems would never have appeared. Because of this, they are no longer taught in many of our leading schools and colleges, but have been replaced by other systems, some good, some bad, some wholly bad, while none are perfect. The demand for something more modern was so great that almost any new system, however crude and imperfect, received a re- spectful hearing. At this opportune time, the Gregg sys- tem was presented as a panacea for all the ills complained of, and while the author of it believed it to be equal to every emergency, those who Avere desiring a substitute for the Pitmanic systems were disposed to be charitable. A few leading schools adopted it, and from that time on it rap- idly grew in popularity and use. It was soon put to a severe test, but when severely tried was found wanting, be- cause it was yet crude and undeveloped. Instead of as- suming a recognized place among the reporting systems, it was a sore disappointment to many who had adopted it. x MOSIIEK SHORTHAND. It had many things to command it, but its long outlines and its lack of legibility and speed, were discouraging fea- tures. The only solution of the increasing difficulty seemed to be to either strengthen its weak places by making needed changes, or abandon it altogether. The author of the Gregg system was made aware of the discontent which so generally prevailed, and endeavored, to the best of his ability, to provide relief. His recent revised edition is presumed to contain all the needed changes, but it will require only a casual examination upon the part of any- one conversant with the different systems of shorthand, to see that many improvements are yet needed to make Gregg shorthand a really desirable and efficient system. We give below some of the advantages which the Mosher system, as presented in this text, has over the Gregg sys- tem : 1. In the Mosher system, tr is represented by one stroke, in the Gregg by two strokes. 2. In the Mosher system, dr is represented by one stroke, in the Gregg by two strokes. 3. In the Mosher system, st is represented by one stroke, in the Gregg by two strokes. 4. In the Mosher system, str is represented by one stroke, in the Gregg by three strokes. 5. In the Mosher system, mp is represented by one stroke, in the Gregg by two strokes. 6. In the Mosher system, mb is represented by one stroke, in the Gregg by two strokes. 7. In the Mosher system, tltr is represented by one stroke, in the Gregg by two strokes. 8. By the lengthening principle given in the Mosher system, from two to three strokes are gained over the MOSHER SHORTHAND. xi 9. The t-Jtook in the Mosher system saves one stroke over the Gregg. 10. The d-liook in the Mosher system saves one stroke over the Gregg. 11. The nt-loop in the Mosher system saves one stroke over the Gregg. 12. The indication of con, saves one stroke over the Gregg. 13. The tick of the Mosher system, for a, an, and and, has a great advantage over the Gregg stroke and dots. 14. The gr-hook of the Mosher system saves two strokes over the Gregg. 15. The kl-hook of the Mosher system saves two strokes over the Gregg. 16. The indication of L in the Mosher system saves one stroke over the Gregg. IT. The Mosher system discriminates between conflict- ing words, thus securing absolute legibility, whereas in the Gregg, such words as: in and not, you and your, by and hrhind. lire and leave, and fall and follow, there is abso- lutely no distinction, making it impossible to write and correctly read such matter as will be found on pages 106, 167 and 169 of this book. "By the application of these and other "short cuts," found in this text, speed is increased from thirty to fifty per cent, and at the same time, on account of the indi- viduality of outlines secured, the legibility is also greatly increased. Where consonant sounds or letters are limited to one way of representation, regardless of the connection in which they are used, as found in the Gregg system, there must be but little individuality of words. While there may necessarily be a little difference in the outlines, still tliis difference is so slight that individualit} r is at once xii MOSIIER SHORTHAND. lost, especially in those words composed of the same, or similar consonant sounds. Without this individuality, one must depend entirely upon context, and this is often mis- leading. Perhaps the best way to illustrate this lack of indi- viduality will be to refer to the Gregg notes which ap- peared in the November and December (1902) numbers of the Phonographic World. Jn these two numbers we find the words stairs, stars, still, and shutters, written as follows : stairs, stars, still, shutters Compare them with the Mosher outlines in tlir -aim- issues of the World, written as follows : stairs, stars, still, shutters V ^ V- $ It will at once be seen that the Gregg outlines are al- most identically the same, especially if written with any degree of speed. The individuality of the Mosher outlines makes confusion impossible. These comparisons are not limited to those above, but could be extended indefinitely. Tn the preparation of this text, the author has retained all the good features found in the Gregg system, and discarded those which are bad; for instance, the dropping of terminations, conflicting words, long outlines, etc. It will also be noticed that this text contains a full list of practical word-signs, the advantage of which will be readily admitted. Some authors, and a few teachers, labor under the delusion that the fewer word-signs a text con- tains. the better it is. When looking at a text-book, the author of which prides himself on the small number of MOSHER SHORTHAND. xm word-signs, a reporter of years' experience aptly remarked : "It seems to be a boy's vocabulary with which to do a man's work." The author of this text has endeavored to furnish a man's vocabulary, with which to do a man's work. The word-signs, phrases, and also the writing and reading ex- ercises herein given, have been made so extensive, that a student completing this text-book in a thorough manner will have a good reporting vocabulary at his command. No effort has been made to make this system resemble longhand. Longhand is not adapted to rapid writing. When great effort is made to write long hand with high speed, legibility is generally destroyed. In the place of trying to make this system resemble longhand, the author has endeavored to furnish a light-line, non-position sys- tem, which can be adapted to verbatim reporting. As an evidence of how well he has succeeded, it might be well to state that, while the system is little more than a year old, it is now being used for court reporting, as well as for the highest grade of amanuensis work. The author of this text deems it a privilege, as well as a right, to make any suggestions or improvements which materially strengthen the Gregg system. In doing this, he desires to reiterate his oft-repeated declaration, namely : "That the Gregg system is based upon correct principles, and when properly developed will meet every exigency made upon any system, by both amanuensis and reporter." SHORTHAND PENMANSHIP. Shorthand Penmanship has come to be regarded as an essential part of a course in Shorthand. This being true it is not out of place to offer a few suggestions which, if carefully followed, will enable the learner of Shorthand to write it legibly and rapidly. Special attention is called to the movement herein recommended as being, in the opinion of the author, the only one which is destined to produce satisfactory results. By carefully following the sugges- tions herein given the student will soon acquire a mastery over all the outlines to be used in Mosher Shorthand. MATERIALS. Xo learner can afford to retard his progress by using poor materials. The best paper, pens, and ink should be secured. PAPER. A note book should be selected which contains a grade of paper adapted to the use of pen and ink. INK. A good quality of black ink should be used. Ink should be selected which flows freely. PENS. A steel pen is preferable to either a fountain pen or an ordinary gold pen. The Spencerian Counting House pen is excellent for shorthand purposes. PEN-HOLDERS. A pen-holder of medium size with cork or rubber tip should be used. Metallic or other highly polished holders are not suitable. PENCILS. When a pencil is used, the student should supply himself with three or four of medium hardness, which have been well sharpened. PEN HOLDING. No one can hope to attain a high speed when he holds the pen with the hand in a cramped posi- tion. The accompanying cuts illustrate the best method MOSHER SHORTHAND. xvr MOSHER SHORTHAND. of holding the pen, and also the position of the arm and hand. The elbow should extend a little over the edge of the desk; the wrist should be slightly arched. Study the cuts carefully, and then endeavor to hold your pen as shown in the illustrations. MOVEMENTS. Two movements are used. First, a slid- ing movement; that is, the hand slides from left to right. Second, finger movement, which is the action of the thumb with the first and second fingers. K, G, R, L, N", and M should be made exclusively with the sliding movement. In forming the slanting characters, and the hooks, circles and loops, the thumb and fingers should be used in connection with the sliding movement. Just enough pressure should be made with the thumb against the pen to hold it in place. The muscles of the thumb and fingers should be so relaxed that they may ho brought into action instantaneously to supplement the sliding movement. What penmen call "muscular movement," that is, allow- ing the arm to roll on the muscles of the forearm, should be strenuously avoided, as this movement is not adapted to shorthand writing. Those who adopt it never acquire high speed, neither do they become accurate writers. In writing shorthand, as the point of the pen moves from left to right the hand should slide an equal distance. The movement of the pen and the sliding of the hand on the tips of the third and fourth fingers should be simultaneous. Do not make a horizontal character with the fingers and then hitch the hand along. Whore a stenographer writes that way ho uses two movements where one would suffice. The result is it requires double the physical exertion that is used when the hand and pen move simultaneously. An effort should be made to keep the hand continuously moving from left to right, keeping the point of the pen MOSIIER SHORTHAND. XVII XVIII MOSTIER SHORTHAND. close to the paper and moving with a steady, uniform action. In practicing the movement exercises, do not make them with a quick dash, but let the hand move slowly and con- tinuously. When making the horizontal lines, the hand should slide from left to right with the same action and at the same speed it does when writing shorthand, and when writing shorthand the hand should move from left to right with the same action it does when making the horizontal lines. When a stenographer's hand has been properly trained, he will, when taking rapid dictation, move the hand PO steadily and continuously, that a person standing a few feet away would be unable to tell by the movement 22^- MOSJIER SHORTHAND. xix ^6^/^t 5> * /XT-Wi . V/2, " \ of the hand, whether he^vere writingjjliertliand or making horizontal lines. ^ TURNING LEAVES. As soon as the fif*st four or five lines of a page have been written, the leaf should be slipped up slightly with the left hand, as shown in the accompanying cut. The thumb is kept under the leaf while the finger^ are used to hold the lower part of it down smoothly. Ajs the writer's hand passes from the end of one line to the beginning of the next, the left hand should slip the paper. There are two advantage^ jf> be gained by manipulating the leaves in this way. x '*First, it enables the writer when he gets to the end of the page, to turn to the next page without the loss of time. Second, it affords a good place for the hand to slip along when the writer has nearly rt^ reached the bottom of the page. Good notes cannot :nade whjjQ the fingers have to slide on a desk or 7 / Q #*ZS< " ks^ ^ sfv ' u"-i>.- *<* ^ \<\, -rj2^ ^ y^ M $0vo/^ (4 f i ^^> >**" ^~ XX MOSHER SlIOETHAND. 7-7 7'7 L,L- MOSIIER SHORTHAND. xxi XXII MOSHEU SlIOUTllAMJ. Tin- sliorilijind in this hook wns photo-ciiirravcd from original notes written by the author. LESSON I. 1. N M K L K G* The above characters are made from left to right. 2. P B F V J P, B, F, V, J, are made with downward strokes. 3. H T D TH . TH T, D, TH, are made with upward strokes. VOWELS. 4. In shorthand, vowels are represented by hooks and circles. A is represented by a large circle. A dash may be placed NOTE. In shorthand, we spell phonetically ; that is, all silent letters are omitted. * G represents the hard sound of G, and is therefore called Gay. 2 MOSHER SHORTHAND. under it to indicate the long sound, a breve to indicate the short sound, and a dot the medium sound. X O as in mail. 2. as in mat. o as in mar. RULES FOE WRITING VOWELS. 5. RULE I. When a circle vowel begins or ends a word, it is written on the lower side of straight characters, and on the inside of curves. may hame ate day pay ape ray ache RULE II. A vowel occurring between two straight char- acters which join without an angle, is written in accord- ance with the movement of the hands of a clock. date name man main RULE III. A vowel occurring between two straight characters joined with an angle, is written on the outside of the angle. MOSHER SHORTHAND. dame EULE IV. A vowel occurring between two curved char- acters which extend in the same direction, is written in- side the second curve. lake gale rare cake rake EULE V. A vowel occurring between a straight and a curved character, is written on the inside of the curve. mail dale lame cane fame EXCEPTION TO EULE V. When P or B is followed by a circle vowel and N, M, T, or D, the vowel is written on the outside of the curve. pain bane bait pate palm METHOD OF STUDY. 6. In preparing the lessons in this book, each exercise should be studied until it can be read without reference to the key. It should then be written and compared with the engraved copy. 4 MOSHER SHORTHAND. In making this comparison, be careful to make the char- acters the proper length, and the vowels the proper size. After the preceding instructions have been complied with, read the exercise which has no key, then transcribe it into longhand, then the longhand into shorthand, and com- pare notes with the engraving. EXERCISE WITH KEY. 8. KEY. 1. Neigh, may, ray, lay, gay, hame, hail, ape, age. 2. Tame, Dane, Jane, pain, feign, day, hay, hate, Jay, bay, ache. 3. Fan, jam, tan, pan, lamb, Jap, van, ran, back, lap. 4. Far, calm, par, bath, ark, palm, mark, bar. NOTE. Words which are to be capitalized when transcribing are indicated by placing under them two short ticks. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 5 9. EXERCISE WITHOUT KEY. # ^ ^ f -/^ - jx* 5 ? T^< ^ / r V x- o /f >P- <~- Q v.^--, Q_^ >i__ C5 ~~*& \JZ/\JP y "s i/" v^ Vv/^v^ x J^ ^ V^ 1r QUESTIONS. Name the characters made from left to right. Name those made with downward strokes. Name those made with upward strokes. How is H indicated? How are vowels represented in shorthand? How is A represented? How are the various sounds indicated? When a circle vowel begins a word or ends a word, how is it written ? How are circle vowels written to straight characters which are joined without angles? How is a vowel written which occurs between two straight characters joined with an angle ? How is a circle vowel written between two curved charac- ters extending in the same direction? When a vowel occurs between a straight and a curved character, how is it generally written? What exception is there to this? LESSON II. 10. E E SH CH S S Z Z o o / / j f ) ( 11. The vowel E is represented by a small circle. A dash may be placed under it to indicate the long sound, and a breve to indicate the short sound. 12. SH and CH are made with downward strokes. They are made on the same slant as J, but are much shorter, SH being a mere tick. They should be written more nearly vertical than T and D. READING EXERCISE. 1. Knee, me, lee, key, fee, tea, here, she, team, dean, mean. 2. Bell, fell, sell, bet, pet, check, neck, peck, deck, egg. 3. Leap, reap, heap, bean, dell, knell, eel, reel, eat. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 15. S somewhat resembles TH, but is easily distin- guished from it as it is more nearly vertical, and is made with a downward stroke, while TH is invariably written with an upward stroke. 16. S may be written with either a right or left curve. The form made with a right curve is used more frequently than the other, and is therefore called the "standard" S. The form made with a left curve is made with the reverse movement of the hand, and is therefore called the "re- verse" S. z. 17. In nearly all cases Z may be represented by the same character that is used for S, but where desirable Z may be distinguished from S by making the Z a little longer. When Z begins a word it is generally safer to make this distinction, but when it occurs in the middle or at the end of a word it is seldom necessary to do so. RULES FOR THE USE OF S. 18. RULE I. When S is the only consonant in the word the standard S should be used. say as see essay d 9 J 3 8 MOSHER SHORTHAND. EULE II. When 8 is joined to curves, that form is used which corresponds in curvature with the consonant to which it is attached. slay spear save bakes case RULE III. When S is joined to straight characters, that form is used which will make the sharper angle. panes bates lanes gains 19. READING EXERCISE. ^ -f- ^7^ ^ 5^ ^ y o^ -^ - -p^- -^ 9 v_^ -f? 4 -^ V -- a o< o< C ^^ t^ ^--* /" c^r ---"^ ) ^ " X 20. KEY. 1. Sleep, save, sale, slap, slain, cakes, rakes, raps, keys. 2. Hams, seems, adz, rats, cheese, jams, tease, pets, lanes, rains. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 9 3. Haze, raise, maze, zeal, zephyr, gaze, phase, chaise, phrase, zebra, zenith. 4. Same, gale, hail, rap, snake, erase, snap, saber, schemes. 5. Sear, task, span, pans, cakes. 21. WRITING EXERCISE. Maps, snaps, snakes, save, seize, span, rap, say, fasten. Bates, seems, seal, bakes, slain, bales, rails. Mask, tasks, leans, bask, pass, mass, slacks, sneak, slash, sheep. QUESTIONS. How is the short sound of. E represented ? How is SH represented? In Avhat direction is it made? In what direction is CH made? Which is the longer? How is S distinguished from TH ? What is the form called which is made with a right curve? What is the form called which is made with a left curve? How is Z generally represented? How may Z be distinguished from S ? When is it desirable to make this distinction? When S is the only consonant in a word, which form is used ? When S is joined to curves which form is used? Which form is used when joined to straight characters? LESSON III. 22. I I St St C o 1 <- The diphthong I is represented by a large circle which is slightly indented so as to distinguish it from A. This indentation should be Yery slight, and in many cases it may be omitted altogether, as there is very little danger of its conflicting with A. my rye night pie higher 23. The short sound of I, as in mill, is represented by a email circle. A dot may be placed under it to distinguish it from E. tin chin pin fin hill nip S~ J~ cX J- ^ _ ( St. 24. S is traced with a backward slant to add T or D. St, like S, may be traced with either a right or left curve. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 11 Like the S, the one traced to the right is called the ".standard," and the one traced to the left, the "reverse." 25. BEADING EXERCISE. ^ '/ <+ + <_^> < x t^ ?. mist, sign. sin. sieve, vim. fins, limbs. 12 MOSHER SHORTHAND. HOUT KEY. ^ x V_ . *- *> MOSHER SHORTHAND. 15 34. KEY. 1. Pose, post, poster, rows, roast, roaster, mass, mnst, master, fist. 2. Seam, steam, stream, steep, strip, stripe, feast, fes- ter, fast, faster, mist. 3. Stitch, stretch, boast, boaster, castor, Eochester, bows, toes, toast, toaster. 35. READING EXERCISE WITHOUT KEY. / > ^ * / ^S ' ^\ ^ J X \n (&, 36. WRITING EXERCISE. i Steer, stitch, lobster, loan, steep, stab, cast, invest, in- vestor, infest, fester, Sole, roll, mob, braced, list, lister, strike, stroll, core, knoll, stick, roast, jest, rest, nest, test, sinister, modes, toll. QUESTIONS. How is represented in shorthand? What is this character called? How are the long and short sounds of marked? What sound is represented by placing a dot under the O-hook ? 1G MOSHER SHOKTHAXD. On what characters is the 0-hook placed on the upper side without an angle? How is the 0-hook written when preceded bv a downward stroke ? What form of S should be used when it precedes the 0-hook? When St precedes the 0-hook, whaf form should be used ? How may R be added to St ? LESSON V. 37. 00 00 The 00 vowel is represented by the upper half of the longhand 0. It is called the U-hook. A dash may be placed under the U-hook to represent the long sound of 00, a breve to represent the short sound of 00, and a dot to represent the short sound of U. ? as in cool. ^ us in look. ^ as in luck. 38. RULE I. When the U-hook follows N or N, it should be written on the under side without an angle. (See line 1 below.) 39. READING EXERCISE. 18 MOSHER SHORTHAXD. tL j *Ls* .-7 . _ , c . ^ _^ / ^ J \L- /^ * / y ~/ , . --^ k< v-^. . -*^ l-> , { Y -> ^ ^/ 40. KEY. 1. Noon, nook, none, muff, nut, mood, mud, moon. 2. Duck, tuck, tool, tomb, doom, dumb, ton, tub. 3. Luck, shuck, pucker, push, bush, puff, buff, pun, bun, loom, dub. 4. Eush, cup, cub, pole, pool, pull, fun, cook, hoot, buck. 5. Pup, bug, shun, tough, shut, rut, root, rude, stoop, stool, shoe. G. Snub, shoes, rum, coon, huts, cookie, dummy. THE T-HOOK AND D-HOOK. 41. A short final hook attached to the upper side of X, M, R, L, T, D, TH, the under side of K and G, and the left side of SH, CH, J, F, V, and standard S, St and Str., may be used to represent T or I). The hook may be made short to represent T and Ions: to represent D, although in practical work it is seldom necessary to make this distinction, as no confusion will arise should they be made the same length. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 19 Kt Md Tt Td THt Ed Ld SHt CHd Jt St Stt _^ =, ^> ^ ^ ~^> ?> J J J j ,-* Cold left bold beard laughed mold 42. The T-hook may also be used when there is a circle vowel occurring between the hook and the character to which it is attached. If the vowel is one which is repre- sented by a large circle, the hook should be made large. If it is one represented by a small circle, the hook should be made small. 43. When T or D is represented by a hook and the preceding vowel is omitted, the diacritical marl's may be placed under the hook to indicate whether the omitted vowel is long, short, or medium. 44. D may be indicated after P or B by a large hook, rate read goat get made neat date debt bad pad 45. E.ULE I. T cannot be indicated after P or B by the T-hook. The stroke T must be written. EULE II. }] "hen T or D is preceded bij a hook-vowel, the T or D stroke should be used. coat wrote road code cut shut 20 ^IOSHER SHORTHAND. 46. When the diphthong I precedes a T-hook or D- liook, the hook should terminate with a short backward strok-?. 47. READING EXERCISE. ^ s- 1.- Cold, bold, mold, reeled, relet, sealed, peered. '^. Pelt, abashed, lashed, smashed, dashed, cashed, rate, late, read, seed. 3. Shade, sheet, shed, shied, feed, fade, vied, meet. made, met, mad, rat, read. 4. Set. seat, sat. neat. net. note, raid, laid, lead, bed, bad. bait. pate, rates, mates. 5. Ride, side, lied, fight, bite, kite, dates, seats, i-heets, rolled, sold, cheat. 0. Alert, abide, relied, rise, rides, lights. \ MOSIIER SHORTHAND. 21 QUESTIONS. How may U and OO be represented? What is this hook called? What diacritical mark is used to indicate long 00 ? What mark to indicate the short sound of 00 ? What mark to indicate the short sound of U ? How is the U-hook written when it follows N or M? How may T or 1) be represented? How may the hooks be written when it is desirable to distinguish between T and D ? What is said about T or D when it follows a hook vowel? Can the hook be used when it immediately follows the diphthong I ? How should the hook be written when it follows the diph- thong- I ? LESSON VI. 49. In shorthand, words which occur frequently are abbreviated. These abbreviations are called word-signs. Word-signs, thoroughly memorized, are great time savers in rapid writing, and are also an aid in reading. Study the word-signs carefully, then write them from the key and compare with the engraving. 50. WORD-SIGNS. 51. KEY. 1. In, not, more am, are our, will well load, put up, but be, have, the, their. 2. Can, go good, I why, he, large, came, make, before, where, while, of. 3. All. you, your, at it, a an and. PHRASING. 52. Tn order to acquire high speed, it is frequently nec- essary to write two or more words without raising the pen. This is called phrasing. When phnslng is done judiciously, MOSHER SHORTHAND. 23 it greatly assists in the acquirement of speed. It is not ad- visable, however, for the beginner to try to build phrases. It will be better for him to confine his phrase writing to such exercises as are given in the text-book, and to use them whenever they may occur in dictation. By the time these are thoroughly mastered, he will be better prepared to construct phrases for himself. 53. EXEECISE WITH KEY. 54. KEY. 1. In our, for the, of the, are you, he will, he will not, he will not be, I will. 2. I will not, I will not be, are you, are you not, are you not the, you can. 3. You cannot, you cannot be. 55. BEADING EXERCISE. V < "~ N \ ~~ 24 MOSIIEU SHORTHAND. 56. KEY. Can you make a good oar? He will be here before you go. Jane will bake the cake. The main pier will be very large. Will you go for the hay while I go for the coal ? Will you go home before I leave ? The bale of hay will be for you. I bought a load of coal. He will eat the hot meat. 57. WRITING EXERCISE. The lady will need the key in an hour. I would not eat the thick cream, but I would pm it in the large bowl. He may row the boat for an hour, but cannot go a mile. The rye may be ripe, but I will not Tray it. You cannot go home before night. He will write you -before you buy the ream of paper. The lady will not make a bow for you, but will bake you a cake. Will you pay for a load of coal or a bale of hay ? May will buy a coat for Joe. QUESTIONS. How are words written which occur frequently ? What are these abbreviations called ? What is phrase writing? Does phrasing tend to increase speed? Does it injure the legibility? Should beginners endeavor to construct original phrases? NOTE. A period is made with a backward stroke. The interro- gation point the same, only longer. LESSON VII. 58. 01 EW OW cJ> *$ 32 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 77. READING EXERCISE WITHOUT KEY. 78. WRITING EXERCISE. John Max had to pay a tax on his ax. The sexton was a very lax man, and they let him go. If you will be here all day, Tom or the minister will meet you at the store. A span of horses of good luster will sell on the street am day. Can you judge a man by his looks? Will you help paper the room? QUESTIONS. How may a, an, and and be joined to other word^ .' In which direction is this tick written 1 Is the tick ever used at the end of a word I AVliat is indicated by writing the following word clo.^- to the preceding? How is the sound of X indicated .' What form is used after an 0-hook vowel .' LESSON IX. W AND Y. 79. W is represented by a small semi-circle which opens to the left. This is called the W-hook. When the W-hook is followed by a circle vowel, the vowel is placed within and under the hook. (See wail, line 1.) When W occurs in the center of a word, it is represented by a horizontal tick placed under or over the following vowel (See queer, line 2.) 80. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 81. KEY. 1. Waste, wail, wall, watch, wash, wasp, win, wine, weak, weed, wait. Wide, widow, weave, wave, woe, wheat, wet, wart, queer, queen, sweep, swift. Swivel, switch, Quincy, quail, squad. 34 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 82. READING EXERCISE WITHOUT KEY. cy> y> ^ ,=2 2_jj ?- J- ^ **-+ ?" <& / YA and YE. 83. At the beginning of a word, when Y precedes an A vowel, the YA is represented by a large loop. When Y precedes an E vowel, the YE is represented by a small loop. When Y precedes an 0-hook or U-hook, the Y is repre- sented by writing a small circle within the hook. When Y occurs in the middle of words, it is represented by placing the disjoined loop over the character which it precedes, or under the character which it follows. 84. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. MOSHKR SHORTHAND. 35 85. KEY. 1. Yellow, Yates, yet, yell, yeast, yellowish, yams, Yankee, yawn. 2. Yacht, yole, yoke, yore, yote, yuck, figure, pinion. QUESTIONS. How is W represented ? When a circle vowel follows W, how should it be written f How is W represented when it occurs in the center of a word 1 When Y precedes a circle vowel at the beginning of a word, how is it represented? How is Y represented when it precedes a hook- vowel? How is Y represented when it occurs in the center of a word ? LESSON X. NG. NGK. 86. The sound of NG, as in ring, is indicated by writ- ing N with a downward slant. The sound of NGK, as in rink, is indicated by length- ening NG. When a word terminates with ing or thing, the termina- tion is generally indicated by a dot underneath and a little to the right of the preceding portion of the word. 87. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 88. KEY. 1. Ring, sing, wing, tongues, song, ting, tong, rink, links, winks, sink, bank. 2. Seeking, reading, everything, roaring, anything, talking, doing, mocking, wrecking. 3. Winning, baling, seeing, hearing, knowing, joking, rolling. i ^. COSHER SlK^TIIAND. 37 Tr. Dr. 89. Tr is represented by a short vertical stroke, and Dr by a long vertical stroke. T and D may be added to these strokes by a final hook attached to the left side. 90. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. , J j fr L ! s d .1 -f ~i ( .\ -r) K J J J I / J _ _ ' \- A L- 91. KEY. 1. Tree, tray, train, true, trim, trip, try, utter, wetter, setter, butter, shutter, cutter, mutter, voter. 2. Fodder, drop, drab, dream, dry, drive, drip, drove, drink, drake, drone, trader, cedar. 3. Trotter, traitor, motor, loader, totter, drawn, dread, dress, drift, drench, dram, drape. 4. Drama, drain, draymen, dragon, druggist, trig, trim- ming, trip, singing. 5. Ringing, fodder, drug, shaking, shouting, fighting, 448300 38 MOSHER SHORTHAND. QUESTIONS. How is the sound of ng represented? How is the sound of ngk represented ? How are ing and thing represented? What does a short vertical stroke represent? A long vertical stroke? On which side of the vertical strokes are the hooks repre- senting T and D attached ? LESSON XI. SUGGESTIONS. 92. Special care should be exercised to make the char- acters in their proper direction. Beginners are sometimes inclined to give too little attention to this, and frequently make T and D with downward strokes, and SH and J with upward strokes. Avoid this. Placing the circle vowel on the wrong side of straight characters is also an error which must be avoided. Be- member that circle vowels incorrectly written are often an infringement upon other principles. In keeping the vowels on the upper side of straight characters, it may be an aid to the beginner to note that they are jaade in accordance with the movement of the hands of a clock. Make the hooks small and round. Make the small circles very small and the large circles large. Straight characters should be made absolutely straight, while curved characters should be sufficiently curved to distinguish them from straight characters. These suggestions are of the utmost importance, and should be followed minutely. Writers who are careless in regard to these points are sel- dom able to read their notes fluently. At this degree of advancement no attempt should be made to write rapidly. All energy should be devoted to studying the form of the characters, the method of holding the pen, and the movement to be used. At least a half 40 MOSHER SHORTHAND. hour each day should be devoted to practicing the move- ment exercises given in the front part of the book. 93. WORD-SIGNS. T 3 94. KEY. 1. Sure, ship s/iaZ/, short, which, look, knew, movement, enclose, please. 2. Particular, principal, word, poor, dollar, wish w.suaZ, wonder, world, any, above, book, that. 3. Firm, keep, represent, would, catalogue, mail, note. SUGGESTIONS ON PHRASING. 95. In phrase writing, the following suggestions should be noted : 1. Small words such as to, of, etc., may often be omitted without detracting from the legibility. In transcribing, however, such words must be restored in order to express complete thought. 2. In order to make better joinings, the word-sign for ma be inverted. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 41 3. When we is phrased with an upward stroke, the E vowel should be inserted to avoid any danger of a conflict between the words we and you. 4. The forms of some words are changed in order to make better joinings. Tims, in phrasing, 7 is frequently dropped from by, ew from few, and able represented by a, etc. 96. PHRASES. 97. KEY. 1. In reply, we can, we would, we will, we do, we know, we think, will you. 2. Will you have, will you have the, few days, in a few days, we thought, if you are, you will have. 3. You will have it, you could, you could get, you could get. it. which will be. as soon as. 42 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 4. And as soon as, I hope you will, I hope this will, I hope this will be, I remain, I remain yours truly. 5. I am very truly yours, in your, on your, put your, for your, send your, ship your, your money, your name, your price. 6. Your work, your place, your stato, your note, your notes, your reply, your statement, your business, at that time, at the time. 98. LETTERS. 99. KEY. Dear Sir: In reply to your letter, will say we can let you have the money in a few days. The goods are not just what we thought we would receive from you. We are going to keep the goods, but we are not satisfied with them. If you are going to do business with us you will have to be more careful to send us good stock. We remain, Yours truly, MOSHER SHORTHAND. 43 100. fc^\/7 >-* N 101. KEY. Dear /Sto'r: In reply io your letter which is just received, will say we will let you have the machine which you looked at when you were here for $44-00. This is $7.00 less than you can get it for in your city. We will let you have it for $44-00 and pay the freight. Very truly yours, 102. 44 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 103. KEY. Dear Sir: In reply to yours of the 12th, will say I run pleased with the work which you did for me. I may lutrr more work in your line in a few days and if I do I will call on you. I will send you some money next week. I have a note which will be due at that time, and as soon as I receive payment on it, I will remit to you. I hope this will be satisfactory. Yours very truly, -/7r /off / - / tf 0\ 0* ^ { o 0' 1 Y - I I 1> < . i LESSON XII. REVERSING THE CIRCLE VOWEL TO ADD R AND L. 104. At the beginning of straight characters, when R or L immediately follows a circle vowel, the R or L is indi- cated by writing the vowel on the opposite side from which it is ordinarily attached ; or, with a motion of the hand contrary to the movement of the hands of a clock. arm art arch elm f At the end of straight characters, or between two straight characters extending in the same direction, the R or L is indicated by writing the vowel on the opposite side from which it is ordinarily attached. mail dare dale harder tardy delta Between two straight characters, or between a straight and a curved character, the R or L is indicated by writing the vowel on the opposite side from which it is ordinarily written. l MOSHER SHORTHAND. march germ farm barn carve 105. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. CT~? <7 CT~^- fc N 106. KEY. 1. May, mar, me, mere, tea, tear, day, dare, knee, near. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 47 2. Ate, art, hate, heart, shay, share, ash, arch, tidy, tardy, manna, miner. 3. She, sheer, heat, hurt, had, hard, bane, barn, pan, pern, pad, pard. 4. Bet, Bert, mash,*marsh, midge,- merge, knave, nerve, cave, carve. 5. Gem, germ, Jennie, journey, fame, farm, family, farmer. 6. Vanish, varnish, bacon, bargain, seaman, surname, seamen, sermon. 7. Sash, search, sage, serge, myth, mirth, death, dearth, shape, sharp, chief, sheriff. 8. Card, garden, backyard, vineyard, billiard, Martin. 9. Tell, smell, mail, "drill, trial, snail, smile, battle, title, teal. 10. Cattle, riddle, victuals, middle, trail, snails, jail, stale, mile. 11. Miles, mails, nail, nails. ADDITION OF S TO A REVERSE CIRCLE. 107. S is indicated after a reverse circle by flattening the circle into a loop. D ^ J l> / / / 1. Make, mar, mars, makes, day, dare, dares, days. 2. Tea, tear, tears, tease, jay, share, shares, jeer, jeers. 48 MOSHER SHORTHAND. ADDITION OF LY. 108. LY is indicated after a reverse circle by writing a small circle on the opposite side of the character to which the vowel is attached. Me mere merely knee near nearly dear dearly THE 0-HOOK REPEATED. 109. The 0-hook may be repeated to add R. Chord gourd ford poured port corn fort sword porch QUESTIONS. At the beginning of words, how is R or L added to straight characters f How does the hand move in making these reverse vowels? How is R or L indicated at the end of straight characters ? How is R or L indicated when they occur between two straight characters which extend in the same direction? How is R or L indicated between a straight and a curved character ? How is S indicated after a reverse circle? How is ly indicated after a reverse circle? How is R added to the 0-hook? LESSON XIII. REVERSING PRINCIPLE- (Continued). 110. WORD-SIGNS. 111. KEY. 1. How, use, long, time, between, want wont, work, could, part, sure, then, that. 2. Were, decide, desire, those, fail, society, names, gov- ernment, glad. 3. Week, little, question, purpose, public, arrive, this, large, largest, last. 4. Into, deliver, sell, until. / NOTE. In phrase-writing, the L must not be omitted from the word sell unless it begins the phrase. KEY. 1. How long, we deem it, I do not, I do not know, I do not. see, I do not care, they do not see, who is, I have. 2. We are not, let me, what you, when you, have been, in this city, pretty well. 3. In time, it will not, did you, and if, I think, more than, he lives. 4. Sell it, sell what, sell their, sell his, sell more. 114. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 51 115. KEY. There was a large gourd in the garden. When you write the letter leave a broad margin and it will look better. The porter did not eat the butter. If I order from you the carload of corn, will it be shipped immediately? Did the lady give you her card? There are some birds on the barn, but if the boys do not see them they will receive no harm. There was more mirth than dearth at the death of the martyr. Charles played billiards and drank wine. Charter the ship and take the corn which is in the barn and put it on board. Bring the chairs with you and put them on the back part of the porch. Smirch the curtain with lard before you wash it. All the guards who came from the fort gave three cheers as they entered port. Will you take the journey by water ? Can you cross the ford with a 52 MoslIKR SHORTHAND. cord of wood ? The people do not know where to get better butter. Can you tell them where they can get some butter ine? 116. EXERCISE WITHOUT KEY. WRITING EXERCISE. He worked all day trying to trade the tar for the tea. He had the nerve to try to carve the bear with a large carver while he was in the cave. Did you say this frame belonged to a man of fame, who once lived .on a farm which contains a large marsh, and that he varnished the frame and traded it for a barn and made a good bargain? Put the beans in the barn and charter a car and ship them to Charleston. LESSON XIV. Nd AND Nt INDICATED. 118. The sound of Xd or Xt is indicated after a large circle vowel by flattening the vowel into a large loop. (See land, line 1.) The sound of Xd or Xt is indicated after a small circle vowel by flattening the vowel into a small loop. (See lend, line 1.) The sound of Xd or Xt is indicated after an OW diph- thong by giving the circle an elliptical form. (See pound, line 2.) J The sound of Xd or Xt is indicated after an 01 diph- thong by making the hook longer and giving the circle an elliptical form. (See joined line 3.) The 0-hook and U-hook may be made/ longer to indicate a following Xd or Xt. (See bond and funds, line 4.) The diphthong OW and a following Xd or Xt may also be indicated after horizontal strokes by a loop, and the loop diacritically marked. (See count, line 5.) It is seldom necessary, however, to use the diacritical marks except in isolated words. 54 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 119. BEADING AND WRITING EXERCISE. fr> 6 ^- . Drained, talent, tent, industry, indolence, sentence, fond, bunt, kind. 7. Lined, obtained, dined, tend, resound, abscond, re- sent, Portland. 8. Eendered, mortal, sandals, splendor, sprained, den- tist, dense. $-*-"' vV "' 121. READING EXERCISE. 122. WRITING EXERCISE. Indefective, indicative, indication, indicant, indorse, en- dnranco, painter, preponderance, plant, indolence, indulge, indulgent, indicator, indifctive, indigency, jostle, kangaroo, indigest, indigo, industry, indestructive, dormant, hin- drance, indignant. 56 MOSHER SHORTHAND. QUESTIONS. When OW and Nt or Nd follow a horizontal consonant, how may they be indicated? How is the sound of Nt or Nd represented when it follows a large circle vowel ? How is it represented when it follows a small circle- vowel ? How is it represented when it follows OW ? How is it represented after OI ? How is it represented after an 0-hook or U-hook? LESSON XV. , Thr. I rJ f \ 123. Thr is written with a backward tick. T or D may be joined to the tick by attaching the respective hooks to the left side. 124. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 1. Other, through, throw, author, authorize, otherwise, threaten, threatened, weather, thither, throb, throat, thrown, thread. 2. Thralldom, threat, neither, thrust, rather. 126. This principle is also used to add the words, their, there, and they are. 127. PHRASES. 58 MOSHEE SHORTHAND. 128. KEY. 1. In there, not there, know there, on there, so there, are there, when there, to their, do their, say their, see their, sell their. 2. Eight there, run there, and there, when they are, know they are, so there, which there, shall there, show their, ran there. 129. WORD-SIGNS. 130. 1. Whether, either, authority, throughout, another, en- deavor, individual, independent, object, subject, manufac- ture. 2. Market, perpendicular, person, popular, reason, op- portunity, I want, poverty, advance. u MOSHER SHORTHAND. 59 3. Advise; car, load, car-load, spirit, freight, correct, advantage. 4. Advantageous, between, ask, cause because, caused, laws, loss, except. 5. Exception, accept, lost, character, recollection, recol- lect, immediately, body bought, sometime. 6. Same time, bushel, pencil, cities, much, familiar. 131. LETTER. 132. \ KEY. Dear Sir: Your favor of Hie 12th inst. is at hand. We do not manufacture the brand of goods you mention. I believe there is a merchant here who handles this line of goods. I will see if he can get them for you. In regard to the corn planter, will *ny we are handling the Buckeye on MOSHER SHORTHAND. this season. This planter is made of steel throughout and will last much longer Hum any oilier. I mail you catalogue today which ivill give you full information re- garding this new machine. Yours truly, 133. LETTER. 134. KEY. Dear Sir: Your favor of the 17th inst. is at hand. I was in Portland last week and saw a Courtland buggy MOSHER SHORTHAND. 61 which I think is just what you want. It has leather top and leather curtains. The paint is not worn to speak of. It has been run about two years, but it is in fine condition. I can get it for $71.00, and in my opinion it is a bargain. You know there are no better buggies than the Courtland. I wish you would look at it. I have nothing on hand which I can sell at that price ivhich would give you as good satisfaction.^ Will you have any corn to sell this fall? I want to buy a car-load and would like to get you to ship it at once. At what price can you furnish it? Next week I will have a large stock of goods in and I would like to have you come down and look at them. Yours very truly, 135. WRITING EXERCISE. They will brand the cattle next week. You may skate on the large pond west of the track. He was authorized to render their account on the tenth of each month. Where did you see their men at work? Did he pay for the land when he bought it? He said he would send men to take their places. He bent the pole, but could not break it. Will you get me a joint of stovepipe? QUESTIONS. Can T and D be added to Thr f What words are represented by the Thr tick? On which side is the T-hook written? How is Thr represented? LESSON XVI. Mp AND Mb. 136. M is slightly inclined to add P or B. The hooks representing T and D are attached to the lower side of Mp and Mb, the hook- vowels being attached to the upper side. j 137. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 138. KEY. 1. Dump, limp, primps, mumps, romp. 2. Amboy, ambition, impose, jump, bum}), pump. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 63 3. Damp, example, employ, employer, employee, jumper, 4. Imposter, thump, embers, limber, lumber. 5. Timber, whimper, embargo, emperor, empires. 6. Impels, improvise, ambassador, humble, imposition, exemption. 139. WORD-SIGNS AND PHRASES. 140. KEY TO WORD-SIGNS AND PHRASES. 1. Improve may be, important, may be able, may be able to do, may be able to see, may be able to say. 2. May be able to tell, I may be, you may be, you may be able, you may be able to do, I may be able to see. 3. We may be able, we may be able to do, you may be able to say, you may be able to tell, I may be able to tell. 4. Embezzle embezzlement, imprison imprisonment, impossible, it is impossible, it is impossible to say. (i4 MOSHER SHORTHAXD. 141. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 142. KEY. It may be that the boy with the mumps is a good jumper, but it is impossible for him to jump as high with that limber pole as he could if he had one which was made from better timber. The German Emperor's ambassador said that the embargo was an imposition upon the people, and that it is important that steps should be taken to improve their condition. You may be able to do the work without employing an engineer to run the pump, but it is import- ant that the work should be done promptly or not at all. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 65 143. WRITING EXERCISE. It may be important that the lumber which is damp should be dried in the kiln before it is put into the temple. I may be able to show that he is an imposter, and that he embezzled the funds of his employer, and that he is not exempt from imprisonment. Did you see the man limp after he made the jump? That timber will make good lumber, and we should devise some way of getting to it. I think he set a very poor example, and I hope you will not again allow such an imposter to tamper with the pump. QUESTIONS. How may P or B be added to M ? What is M called when thus inclined ? On which side of Emp is the T-hook attached? On which side of Emp are the hook-vowels attached? LESSON XVII. 144. In phrase- writing, unimportant words may be omitted where they can be easily supplied by the context. The omission of words may be carried to a considerable extent by experienced writers, but it is better for the em- bryonic stenographer to confine himself to the ones herein given. To and the are omitted in such phrases as, In regard to the question. (See line 1.) From and to are omitted in such phrases as, From year to year. (Line 2.) After is omitted in such phrases as, Year after year. (Line 3.) 145. PHRASES. --o 146. KEY. 1. In regard to the question, in reference to the matter, in order to hear, I may be able to write. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 67 2. From year to year, from time to time, from day to day, from week to week, from hour to hour. 3. Year after year, time after time, day after day, week after week, hour after hour. 147. Few stenographers can write articles which con- tain many figures with the same rapidity they can write other matter. The expedients contained in this lesson, when thoroughly learned, are of great assistance in taking dictation which contains many figures. When written separately, it is generally best to write 1, 2 and 3, with the shorthand characters, but when written in groups they should be written in the ordinary way. The following list includes those combinations which occur most frequently in actual work : 148. WRITING AND READING EXERCISE. 7 jo /o 2-0 3o /(^ 2-(f /(T^^L^ 3(T^y t> -f 68 . 149. MOSHEE SHORTHAND. KEY. 1. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0? 2. $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9. 3. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, GO, 70, 80, 90. 4. $10, $20, $40, $50, $60, $70, $80, $90. . 5. 10 days, 20 days, 30 days, 40 days, 50 days, 60 days, 70 days, 80 days, 90 days. 6. 700; 7,000,000; 7,000; 7 Ib. ; $700, $7,000,000; $7,000 ; 7,000 Ib. "7. 700 Ib.; 7,000,000 Ib., 1%, 7c, 7^, 7V 4 , 73/ 4 , 7V 8 , ?% 8. i, J, I, I, I, 2 or 3, 3 or 4, 7 or 8. 150. WRITING AND READING EXERCISE. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 69 151. KEY. Dear Sir: / have your favor of the 10th inst. We will furnish you with the following Hems for $150.00: 20 Windows 28x30 1% 4 20x30 11/4 2 Sash 32x50 2% 2 Doors 2-10x7*4 4 Oak Newels 7x7 No. 34 4 Doors 2-10x6-8 1% 1 light 3 " 2-6x7-5 No. 80 3 Diamond Sash 24x30 Stained Glass. We will give you 10% off from the above upon receipt of cash with order. Hoping to hear from 1 you with an order, we remain, Yours truly, QUESTIONS. What words are omitted in phrase writing? When are to and the omitted? When are from and to omitted? When may after be omitted ? How may H 1 /^ be written? How may 7% be written? How may 5% be written ? How may n 1 /^ be written? How is 500 represented? How is 7.000.000 represented? What represents cents? What represents per rent? What is the difference in representing 500 and 5,000,000 ? LESSON XVIII. 152. Gra is represented by a small "extended initial hook attached to the inside of curved characters, to the under side of T, D, N, and M, and to the left side of other straight characters. This hook is very seldom used, however, in connection with R, L, and TH. Gre or Gri is represented by a small short initial hook attached to the same characters as above. A small initial hook is attached to the reverse S to indi- cate Gro. These hooks are generally used when a circle yowel occurs after the Gr, but in a few cases they are used when the vowel occurs between the G and r, as in guarantee. These hooks are also used to a limited extent when the following voweMs a hook-vowel, but these irregularities should be confined to memorized outlines. 153. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 71 154. KEY. 1. Gram, grammar, grain, grant, granddaughter, grandfather, grandmother, grandparents, grand jury. 2. Green, grim, Greek, Gregg, grit, grip, greed, greedy, greediness, grimly. 3. Grave, grass, gross, grace, gravy, grocery, engrave, engross, gradual, gradually. 4. Degradation, great, greatness, greatest, grateful, gratefully, gratefulness, grade, emigrate, immigrate. 5. Emigrant, grapes, grabs, grand, grantee, granulate, granite, granulation, greater, greatly. 6. Gratuitous, graduate, graduation, grandson, grantor. 155. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. ' ?- MOSHER SHORTHAVI>. 156. KEY. The graduate said he spent four year? in the grammar grade, which is a great deal too long. His grandparents wanted him to study Gregg shorthand, but his father wanted him to study Greek. The boy while at the Granite store grabbed some granulated sugar which was made from green grapes. This sugar is much better than sugar made from green grain, as it is much sweeter. If the boy is brought before the grand jury, his grandfather and grand- mother will try to have him released and they will be very grateful if they succeed. You rmist have grit if you want to learn shorthand. Keep at it and you will gradually MOSHER SHORTHAND. 73 master it, and will finally be able to report with the great- est ease. I am glad to hear that the land is on grade, and I will now grant your request. The emigrant was a greedy man and he wanted all of the land which was granted to him, but when he found he could not hold it he gave it to his father. The student should write this page over and over again; otherwise he will have trouble with the next lesson. 157. WRITING EXERCISE. r Have you seen the programs which were printed last night? The printer spent a great deal of time on them but he did not do a good job. He used green ink, which was not suitable. The pilgrim said he was tired and that he needed a rest. Do you like this brand of canned grapes ? Will you guarantee it to be a good brand? Have you ever been to see the large granite rock ? Thin grade is so steep the train cannot run on it. This train ought to go over this grade. QUESTIONS. How is Gra represented? How is the Gr-hook attached to curved characters? On which side is it attached to straight characters? To what character is Gro attached? LESSON XIX. 158. Ivla is represented by a large, extended, initial hook attached to the inside of curved characters, and the under side of T, D, N", and M, and to the left side of other straight characters. Kle or Kli is represented by a large, short, initial hook, attached to the same characters as above. A large initial hook is attached tc the reverse S to indi- cate Klo. The same as the Gr-hook, the Kl-hook is generally used when the vowel follows the hook, but this hook may also be used in a few cases when the vowel comes between the K and 1. It is also used with some hook-vowels, but only in word- signs and memorized words. In a few instances, especially when the Kl-hook occurs in the center of a word, it is placed on the oppo- site side of a straight character in order to secure a better joining. 159. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 160. KEY. 1. Claim, claimant, clamor, clamors, clan, clamp. 2. Clean, cleaner, cleanly, cleanliness, clinch, cleanse, clear, clearness, clearer. 3. Clearly, clerk, clergy, clergymen, clique, cling, clincher, gangrene, cleat. 4. CJap, clapboard, claret, clarionet, climate, clemency, clatter, clinker, clamps. 5. Preclude, seclude, include, exclude, preclusion, seclu- sion, exclusion, conclude,* conclusion, conclusive. 6. Clearing, Columbia, congress, class, congressional, declaimed, exclaimed, proclaimed, reclaimed. Students who are inclined to close the Gr and Kl hooks should practice on the movement exercises which are given in the fore part of the book. When the hand has been properly trained, these hooks can be accurately formed, even in the most rapid writing. *Con is represented by a dot. 7T> MOSHER SHORTHAND. 161. WRITING AND READING EXERCISE. 162. KEY. The claimant made a claim against the railroad company for damages, but the clerk stated that it was a clear case of neglect on the part of the clergyman and therefore the claim would not he allowed. Clinch the nails so that the MOSHER SHORTHAND. 77 clamps will be tight. The clerk can play on a clarionet better than a great many who have taken lessons. The pa- tient will recover if gangrene does not set in. Did you hear the clatter of the horses' feet on the pavement as the clergyman rode down the street? The clergyman's clerk stated that there was an excellent assortment of small grain at the state fair. It is clear to my mind that this climate is so warm that it is impossible to raise grapes here. There are many clingstone peaches on the market, but they are not so good as the fruit which will come later. The grain must be clean and free from screenings or we will not take it. You should nail a cleat on that loose clapboard or it will be lost. QUESTIONS. How is Kla represented? How is Kle represented"? To what character is Klo attached? To which side of straight characters is the Kl-hook at- tached? Is it ever attached to the opposite side? How is Con represented? x LESSON XX. OMISSION OF LETTERS. 163. R is omitted in the syllables, serve, verse, fir, quire, ure. conservative perverse firm inquire perjure >^7 ^ / 164. A is frequently omitted from the syllable age, when that syllable terminates a word. In order to secure better joinings, a vowel preceding tion may be omitted. 165. D is omitted before J, M, and V. degradation passage adjourn admission advocate -a Q L- o 7 3 Misfit, misfortune, deceive, disadvantage, pacific, pacify, disregard, disrespect. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 79 166. When two or more consecutive vowels not form- ing a pure diphthong occur in a word, one of them is usually omitted. To show how they may be used, however, the following illustrations are given: aa a ao a o oa oo ae Qs> 167. In such words as 'pneumonia, ia may be repre- sented by placing a dot inside the circle. 1. lota, iodine, ionic, lion, Eyan, monomania. 2. Pneumonia, oasis, snowy, ammonia, fiat, science, poem. 3. Embryo, payee, via, Leo, insomnia, Olympia. 4. Chaos, pious, bias. 168. Scribe is represented by sJcr; scription, by skr-sh, sk representing the syllable tion. 80 MOSHER SHORTHAND. Prescribe, subscribe, describe, prescription, description, discretion. 169. Atic is represented by a large hook attached to the underside of M and Tm. dramatic climatic rheumatic automatic 170. BEADING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 171. KEY. 1. Reserve, conceive, injure, conjure, leisure, inquire, require, acquire, confirm. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 81. 2. EeaflKrm, adjective, admonition, package, luggage, affirm. 3. Drayage, subscription, inscribe, subscribe, proscribe, prescribe, motion. 4. Emotion, prestige, option, cartage, voyage, prescrip- tion, proscription, storage. 5. Trackage, treasure, measure, perverse. / %j -"^-^ t ( V^c*^ aj LESSON XXI. JOINED PREFIXES. By a judicious use of prefixes and affixes, we are enabled to form very brief outlines for many long words without impairing their legibility. 172. AFTER. Afternoon, afterlife, aftermath, after- act, af terclap, after-sails. 173. TJLT. Ulterior, ultimate, ultramarine, ultima- tum, ultimately, ultimation. 174. EX. Exact, executor, excavate, excavation, ex- ceed, excel. 3 175. OUT. Outcast, outdo, outdraw, outdrink, out- last, outlay. 1 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 83 176. SUB. Subdue, subdivide, sublime, submit, sub- minister, substitute. 177. AL, OK. Although, altogether, also, alter, al- teration, alternately, orphan. 178. PER, PRO. Proclaim, perform, profound, pro- fess, provide, permit. 179. FOR, FUR. Forfeit, foretell, foresee, forget, furnish, furniture. 180. RECOX, RECOM, RECOG. Recognize, recom- mend, reconcile, recompense, recommit, recommendation. 181. EM, IM. Immerge, emergent, emphasize, em- broider, impeach, impose. 84 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 182. EN", IN, UN. Enrich, enrage, unload, unjust, engage, unreformed. 183. Words which have a positive and negative form are distinguished from each other by using the initial vowel with the negative. moderate immoderate enable unable known unknown 184. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 185. KEY. 1. Aftertaste, after-writer, outlet, outrage, after- thought, aforethought, afterguard, afteraction. 2. Subjugation, subjoin, subsidy, outran, outride, sub- tenant, almost, always. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 85 3. Alternate, outrun, outline, ultraist, ultramundane, alderman, alterable. 4. Exalt, excite, outfit, executive, subministrant, sub- minister. 5. Subsequent, substitution, promote, permit, exchange- able, outlaw, sublieutenant. 186. EXERCISE WITHOUT KEY. 187. WORD-SIGNS. /I e 188. \ ^- KEY 1. Enthusiasm, except, exception, express, expel, ex- plain, example, ultimo, already, organization. 86 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 2. External, eternal, forgave, executor, executors, ex- ecutrix, exercise, audience. 3. Enlarge, experience, excite, mortal, immortal, city, cities, citizen, citizens. 4. Color, clear, punish, condition, along, long, estab- lish, astonish, dark, animal, estate. 189. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE WITH KEY. 190. KEY. Dear Sir: We went to see you yesterday afternoon but did not find you in. We shall call again some day next week, and at that time we shall be ready to express our ulti- matum. We think you have been a very independent indi- vidual, and have not endeavored to help matters. There seems to be no indication of any intention on your part to perform your work in a satisfactory manner; at least, you have done nothing to indicate a proper spirit. An exam- ination shows that at the outset you permitted all outstand- ing bills to remain unpaid. Already, in fact, almost every tl/ii/ we have had to forfeit some of our rights on account of the indolence of some of our sub-agents. I am perfectly willing to be indulgent, but you must not be too indifferent. You say you want to be moderate in all you do. We do not ask you to be immoderate, but we cannot tell at the present time what will happen. It is unknown to me mn'l 88 MOSHER STIORTTTAXD. I shall not try to make a forecast. Further comment is unnecessary. You can see that our business will be in a bad condition if our agents act as if they were troubled with indigestion. I will give you an opportunity to de- fend yourself when I see you. In regard to the other matter which you mentioned in your letter of the 17th, will say that I am not prepared to state what will be done. We will decide on that point when I see you. I will examine the papers as soon as I have time, and will then send them to my attorney. 191. WRITING EXERCISE. Dear Sir: In reply to your letter which is just at hand, will scty that I was at the mine this afternoon and made an examination. I was favorably impressed with the way the work is going on. If they do as well during the next two weeks they will be ready to begin mining again by the first of next month. Will you be able to export any ore this month? I note what you say about Jones's letter. You seem to think it is necessary, but I think it is quite unnecessary for me to recognize the immoderate statements of this un- known man. He will have to surrender the property and it will do him no good to take it. Yours truly, o^_ -^fc LESSON XXII. DISJOINED PREFIXES. In the following illustrations of the disjoined prefixes, it should be noticed that the words are so written that the prefixes are above the line, with the exception of SELF- CON'. SELF-COX is written on the line to distinguish it from SELF, which is represented b} 7 the same form of S. 192. ENTEE, INTEE. Enterprise, intermit, inter- national, interchange, entertain, entertained. L 193. INTEL. Intelligence, intelligent, intelligible, intellectual, intellective, intellectualism. 194. COUXTEE, COXTEI. Countermand, counter- march, counterbalance, counter-bond, counteract, contribu- tion. 90 MOSHEU SHORTHAND. 195. SUPER, SUPRE. . Superfine, superficial, su- preme, supernatural, superfluous, supremacy. 196. SELF. Selfish, self-evident, self-knowledge, self-esteem, self-important, self-love. 197. SELF-CON, SELF-COM. Self -conceit, self- consuming, self-control, self-command, self-confidence, self -convicted. 198. CIRCU, CTRCUM. Circle, circular, circum- spect, circumvent, circumstance, circumstances. 199. ELECTRT, ELECTRO. Electrotype, electro- cute, electricity, electroplate, electrify, electromotor. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 91 200. ANTE, ANTI, ANT A. Antecedent, antedate, antediluvian, antipathy, antagonist. 201. MAGNA, MAGNI. Magnate, magnetism, mag- nify, magnifier, magnificent, magnitude. GS 202. MULTI. Multiplication, multiply, multitude, multiform, multiplier, multiple. 203. TRANS. Translate, transparent, transact, transit, transcontinental, transmit. 204. OVER. Overdo, overlook, oversee, overtake, overthrow, overestimate. 92 MOSTIER SHORTHAND. 205. UXDER. Underpay, undertook, understand, undertake, underestimate, undersell. 206. PARA. Paramount, paragraph, parallel, para- lyze, parasite, paraphrase. 207. SUSPI, SUSPE, SUSCEP. Susceptible, sus- pense, suspicion, suspicious, suspend, susceptive. / / 208. COX, COM, COG. Combat, contained, con- dense, cognate, comparison, constrain. 209. HEADING AND WRITING EXERCISE. o i /, 'j. Z. C MOSHEB SHORTHAND. 93 1. Transfer, overact, counter-bond, self-confident, un- derneath, transfigure, counteract, superabundant. 2. Combat, computation, underbrush, transform, over- balance, superficial, circumscribe, compact, transgress, self- healing. 3. Overcharge, intellectual, transient, circumscription, undergo, undertook, transmit, overflow, underrate. 4. Counterpoise, controversy, self-confidence, magnify, parable, overland, self-improvement, circumspective, un- dersign. 5. Paramount, superstition, underhand, transitive, commander, committee, intellectually, suspense, commit. 6. Compliment, counter-motion, conclude, counter- march, intellective, conceal, self-conjecture. 7. Transport, connection, suspend, antecedent, super- stitious, self-mastery, support, self-exalted, superior. 94 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 211. WRITING EXERCISE. 1. Counter-drain, commend, self-indulgence, concen- trate, electro-motive, magnetism, paradox, concentration, magnificent, electro-motion, overbearing, self-made, com- mittal, combination, convert, circumnavigate, self-murder, connect, counter-charge, conductor, cognomen, combine, antelope, self-possessed, conclusion, consignment, antemun- dane, multifarious, superannuated, electrometric, multi- valve, parasite, compassion, antedate, self-commune, com- plaint, competed, countercheck, overstated, complaisant, command, transpose, countermand, multiplex, circumja- cent, circumvolation, parasitic, parachute, undertone; trans- parent, antechamber, conclusive, conceit, counterbalance, commendable, underact, counterfeit, circumflexion, sub- stratum, electrify, magnifiable, companionable, commend- able, oversight. 212. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 213. KEY. This man was recommended to me as a superior elec- trician, but the people were suspicious. They said he knew nothing about transmitting or transferring a circuit under ground. No one could have been more careful than 1 was. I knew there was a strong under-current among the people, and I saw that the business was not transacted in a superficial manner. I knew this man was a superior electrician, but he was held in restriction by not having the support, but on the contrary, having the antipathy of the superintendent. This note is untransferable, and it was short-sighted- ness on your part for you to try to transfer it or sell it 96 MOSHEB SHORTHAND. and I think you overstated the amount of interest which was due. Will you furnish me with an accurate transcription of your shorthand notes? You had better not undertake to suspend him until after you have had an interview with your superior. You should endeavor to get his consent before you take any decisive action. It may be true that this case has no parallel in history, still it would be im- prudent for you to act hastily. The circulars must be distributed in order to prevent the overthrow of the society. This is the paramount question, and the people are in suspense, and they will not be satisfied with a multitude of excuses. 214. EXERCISE WITHOUT KEY. LESSON XXIII. AFFIXES. Affixes, like prefixes, are divided into two classes, joined and disjoined. This lesson will be devoted to those which are joined. Special attention should be given to the affix POSE. The S is omitted to avoid a conflict with TION. 215. ALLY. Totally, shabbily, formally, readily, happily, merrily. 216. BLE. Terrible, eatable, seasonable, questionable, formidable, miserable. / 7 'r 7 ^r ~7 217. FUI^L, FOKE. Trifle, careful, bashful, lawful, wherefore, therefore. 98 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 218. LESS. Heedless, careless, nameless, horseless, homeless. 219. LY. Amply, smoothly, rarely, quickly, barely, fairlv. Q O C< 220. MENT. Attachment, amusement, movement, statement, payment, enforcement. 221. NESS. Hopelessness, fairness, keenness, bare- ness, firmness, hardness. 222. WARD. Backward, forward, onward, outward, inward. ) MOSHER SHORTHAND. 99 223. POSE. Repose, suppose, depose, propose, expose, oppose, impose. - 7 224. T10N. Opposition, proposition, deposition, im- position, action, physician, ration. /:-< y 225. SELF, SELVES. Myself, yourself, himself, ourselves, themselves, yourselves. 226. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 100 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 227. KEY. 1. Wonderful, hopeful, tastefully, senseless, odorless, fairly, freely, clearness. 2. Neatness, numbness, bashfulness, carelessness, cool- ness, haughtily. 3. Watchful, soreness, motionless, richness, rationally, fatally, joyfully, wishfully. 4. Prudently, heartlessness, seriousness, readable, coarseness, moveable. 5. Cordially, mindful, armless, remindful, mournful. 6. Wakeful, remorseless, harmful, gratefully, namely, timely, badly. 228. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. MOSIIEU SHORTHAND. 101 229. KEY The lowness of the land made it an undesirable place to live. The boy's carelessness gave his parents a great deal of trouble. The thoughtful boy was unconcerned about the lateness of the hour and continued to do his work as carefully as you could have done it yourself. It is clear that the shorthand notes were written so rapidly they are not readable. Will .you be at the station when the train comes in? Please send me a statement of my 102 MOSHER SHORTHAND. account and I will mail you a check. The bashful boy would not speak in an* audible tone. He was a useful, thoughtful, and peaceable man. He was as fearless as he was noble, and as humble as he was fearless. On account of the hardness of the rock, they themselves were unable to drill a hole in it. This man's evidence is admissible, and you must take his deposition before he leaves this section of the country and forward it to our attorney. Will you be at the station in time to meet the President if he comes on the first train? I, myself, saw him when he bought the gun. I know he is careless about his work and is rarely on time. He has more fondness for amusement than he has for business. Quite lately, I saw him in a very awkward position. The hopelessness of the case was caused by a mistake on the part of a clerk in the auditing department. The counsel for the defendant made a mo- tion to dismiss. 230. WRITING EXERCISE. Heartless, accountable, personal, locally, doorless, notion- less, cleanly, tastefulness, punctually, reliable, clearly, late- ness, shoeless, mainly, heedlessness, heartful, heartily, fashionable, toothless, heedfully, sickly, painless, boastful, coatless, literally, playfully, rightful, restful, boatless, tasteless, harmlessness, finally, joyfully, dutiful, harmful- ness, harmlessness. LESSON XXIV. DISJOINED AFFIXES. 231. ING. Knowing, cheering, feeling, willing, plead- ing, smiling. 232. INGLY. Knowingly, cheeringly, feelingly, will- ingly, pleadingly, smilingly. 233. ING A. Knowing a, cheering a, feeling a, will- ing a, pleading a, having a. / 234. ING THE. Knowing the, cheering' the, feeling the, finding the, pleading the, having the. /, J. 4 C 104 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 235. INGS. Meanings, feelings, teachings, pleadings, readings. 236. IXGTOX. Washington, Harrington, Kensing- ton, Lexington, Remington. s^ / 237. FICATIOX. Ratification, classification, modifi- cation, gratification, notification, edification. V 238. MEXTAL. Fundamental, sentimental, experi- mental, ornamental, monumental. 239. OGRAPH. Autograph, photograph, lithograph, stenograph, mimeograph, phonograph. MOSHKR SHORTHAND. 105 240. OGRAPHY. Geography, photography, biog- raphy, stenography, autobiography, pyrography. 241. OGEAPHEK, OGRAPHIC. Photographer, bi- ographer, stenographer, lithographic, photographic, steno- graphic. 242. ULATE. Stimulate, tabulate, gesticulate, stip- ulate, modulate, formulate. 243. ULATED. Stimulated, tabulated, gesticulated, stipulated, modulated, formulated. 244. ULATION". Stimulation, tabulation, gesticula- tion, stipulation, modulation, formulation. 106 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 245. TJLATOK. Stimulator, tabulator, gosticulator, stipulator, modulator, formula tor. 246. TJLATIVE. Stimulative, accumulative, manip- ulative, speculative, cumulative. 247. ICLE. Vehicle, physically, musical, bicycle, logical, logically. / / ^ / / x -N 248. SHIP. Township, steamship, friendship, ap- prenticeship, clerkship, hardship. 249. EEITY, ARITY, ORITY, ALLITY, ILLITY. t Hilarity, minority, brutality, nationality, morality. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 107 250. OLOGY. Biology, physiology, geology, phrenol- ogy* psychology. / 251. OLOGIST. Geologist, phrenologist, biologist, psychologist. 252. ISITY, OSITY. Curiosity, viscosity, animosity, elasticity, vivacity, ferocity. ^ ^ y[ ^ 253. ESTIC, ISTIC. Domestic, majestic, artistic, drastic, gymnastic, elastic. 254. TJATE. Habituate, - habituation, habituated, fluctuate, fluctuated, fluctuation. 108 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 255. ANITY. Christianity, vanity, insanity, hu- manity. 256. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. ( <^_ i. i, 257. KEY. 1. Playing, dealings, steamship, extenuated, defending the, defeating the, laughingly. 2. Accountable, capacity, courtship, penmanship, vital- ity, elasticity, painting, paintings. 3. Animosity, stability, familiarity, Kensington, exten- uation, hoping the, 'hoping a, serving the. 4:. . Saving the, saving a, magical, airship, cherishing the, expostulate, cultivating a, charmingly, instrumental. 5. Authorship, partnership, manipulator, smilingly. A \ 258. MOSHER SHORTHAND. READING EXERCISE. 109 7 / ^ _. <*U 259. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE. 110 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 260. KEY. Mr. Kensington, while at Washington, said it is a grati- fication to know that the classification is now beyond an experimental stage, and that he is confident no further mortification will be felt, or alteration be necessary. You say you are familiar with Biology and Phrenology, and that you are going to study Physiology and Psychology before you begin the studies of Theology and Geology. The stenographer said the tabulator was out of order and that he would not continue to use it. High speed cannot be at- tained unless the fundamental principles are well learned. Humanity and Christianity are not long, associated with vanity and insanity. Owing to the brutality, rascality, and lack of morality in one of the members of the partnership, and the bombastic pomposity of the other, no friendship existed between them. The dog exhibited much sagacity as well as physical strength. The identification was posi- tive and the point of legality is now established beyond doubt. Although it was a great mortification to him, he MOSHER SHORTHAND. Ill willingly read the letter which he received from Wash- ington. The photographer and the stenographer said that the penmanship was more ornamental than legible, and the argunient was illogical and the entire proceedings il- legal. 261. WRITING EXERCISE. Ecclesiastical, clerical, flashing the, shooting a, mailing the, lovingly, reading a, jumping the, cultivating the, com- ing the, knowingly, believing the, periodical, legality, fel- lowship, writings, paintings, painting the, leavings, reveal- ings, seamanship, steamship, numbness, moving the, turn- ing a, strikingly, twitting the, twittingly, seemingly, warn- ingly. WORD-SIGNS. In taking ordinary dictation, about nine-tenths of the words are represented by some of the word-signs found in the following list. Those who wish to become rapid writers and good readers of shorthand should write this list over and over again. While learning the word-signs, it is not advisable to confine the study exclusively to them. Better results can be obtained by learning, for instance, a page a day, when going over them for the first time, and devoting the rest of the study to reviewing the text-book from the begin- ning. A portion of each day should be devoted to study- ing word-signs, until they have been so thoroughly mas- tered that they can be written as rapidly as the writer can move his hand. It is not expected that this result will be attained the first time they are gone over. When going over the word-signs the second time, two pages should constitute a lesson, the third time over, three pages, and the fourth time, four; after that at least five pages a day should be taken for a lesson. Each time they are written, the writer should endeavor to write them a little more rapidly than he did before. By thus de- voting a few minutes each day to their study, they will soon become so memorized that they will be of great as- sistance in acquiring high speed. MOSHER SHORTHAXD. 113 a, an, and- o "" admittance r abouir ^/^ advance r ... above 9 advantage r .... , abundant^ ^y . . . advantageous r ... absolute ^ \^ ..advertise^- ^ abstract or advise r ... .... absurd~~~ s^) affidavit^ c~> .. accept ^x" . . . , afford crj .... .... accession ^ after . accommodate 9 aforesaid ^"^ .-accomplish / agent .... . . acquaintance g^ ago capable ( car believe - o care - - u cargo benevolent 6 carry - -^ catalogue 7 cause beyond c_ . . . . caused J I central bill-of-lading y^ certain x <^ certificate L chairman ^ change 7 character calculation . call N / charge ^ children 116 MOSHER SHORTHAND. circular / consideration y . .. circumference r conspicuous ** citizen ^ constitution L-^ clear )> consult ^ ' ' collect-or =* convenient t -/ collection y conversation ~x ? ' collect it H' .... co-operate-tive combine ^-^.^ correct S 7 .... combination - -e .... correspondence ^ .. commerce - -?- corroborate /> .- commercial . cost L. commission ^-^, could f .. company \ ^ counsel < concern 2 country 7 conclusion ~~~) countrymen i: conclusive confidence -p. coupon ^^ course / congress - -\ cover r* .- connection ^=cl* credit ^ .. consider ^ ^ curious MOSHER SHORTHAND. 117 custom ^"^i department ? detective dvitp r X_^ . develop dictionary decide difEereut-ce difficult dignity /** ~~^ diligence direct dependent disadvantage deposit ^/ . . . disappointment discover > discount discuss Sf disposal debt ^ . . disproportionate dissatisfy distinct distinguish . demurrage . doctrine 118 ~~J f MOSHER SHORTHAND. _ dollar _--^ . . . . entire . . . .doubt, doubtful ^^^' . . . . .... entitle draft - " , eminent dravflfp /" . . . especial-ly duplicate "^ = estimate . . every ; educate . . . . , evidence ... . education . . . . except . . exception enclos-ure . . . . exchange encounter . . . . exclaim end . . . . excuse .... endictment . . executor endorse . . . . executors executrix exercise enormous exhaust-ible enough . . . . existence enroute / expensive f enter r- ,. exulain MOSHER SHORTHAND. f express c x freight 9 extra C-*- frequent I ... . . extraordinary < ^- 5> friend-ly ^ facts <> Friday 4 ... fail 4^ from it ; ~ failure .Jf fulfill / familiar furnish J - February future J^r~ financial gallon J ... firm J- general J ... first ** ...... generation I ... f. o. b. gentleman ( 'for / gentlemen / force *^. genuine X- ... . . . . foreclosure girl J^' ....... for it glad A- ... form, from glory ^~ ... fortune " ^ go, good >^ ... forward ^~~^ God ^ ... fraud *? ^ gone b^ 1 < MOSHER SHORTHAND. cr" iX* . got a- -, ignorant-ce government _^-^_p in accordance gratitude inasmuch as . . . ground __ t include guarantee inclusive . sruiltv _*^ indenture have 6 independent have it ^>~-s indorse he r? . . . inexhaustible herein ~) inferior hereinafter ~~~7 iniurv hereto ~ in heretofore -^ . in it herewith 5 innocent hesitate J insist hindrance ~~~7 inspect hitherto r instance how T" instant inst however > ~i/^ . . . . instantaneous . hundred r . instead 7 MOSHER SHORTHAND. institute institution insurance . . intemperance intend interrupt .inquire, inquiry invoice . . . immediately . .. important-ce . . improvement improve it imprudent is is it . January . . . judge judgment July June 121 jury jurisdiction justify-able keep . . language learn . legislation . legislator legislature . . . . length let letter . . . . liberty like . literature . . litigation little local logic long 122 V MOSHER SHORTHAXD. longer look loyalty . . . magazine make .... majority . manufacture March market .... material . . . materially . . . . maturity May measure-ment memorandum . . memoranda . merchandise merit Messrs. . method middle miscellaneous . . . . miserable misery . . misfortune Miss Mr. Mrs. mistake ... mo'derate . moderation .... Monday more . . mortgage . mortgagee . mortgagor most . . movement much .... mutual v MOSHEB ! _^..' must o name - namely -* nature - . . . natural-ly ~ neglect new -7 . . newspaper 7 never < next -v north -t, No sir ^7 .... November number ^ object ^ oblige peculiar O percentage perfect per foot permanent .... perpendicular person-al persecution pistol plaintiff please political popular poverty <-- x pratical practice pre-eminent prejudice c premium prepared pretty (^ principle-al (_> private privilege probable proceed proceeds proceedings proficient progress prominent property proportion prosecution prospects protect proud proof MOSHER SHORTHAND. 125 / prove ~-i> , reciprocate / - public --7 , refer-ence ( , .... publication -7 refuse X - punctual *" " . , regret -; purpose remark / put ^-~^^ remember O ... quantity remove ^ ... quarter - remittance _ ... railroad "*" remunerate *x^ railway ^" replevin ... real, regard " ^ represent ^ ... .... real estate ~-n> require-ment ,_P ... really < resist c receive f resistance ^ ... recent ^ i resources ^^.,. recognize -f respect , =, ... . . . . . recommend ^-^ respectable ... recollect *-? responsible / . . . . recollection ^ return record . 7 reverse MOSHER SHORTHAND. revolution 4_^ serious revolve y serve-ice revolver ^ settle revelation J^~~ ~~ . , , settlement reward V several ridiculous / shall . . . sacrifice J r shall it satisfactory i , . . . short satisfactorily X should Saturday ^ side says scarce *" - signature search ^ ' . . silence secure ^ singular security ^" situate-ed seldom situation send / society sent l some separate ' sometime . Seotemher * *^ . somewhat s MOSHER SHORTHAND. 127 .... sort . . south . . speak . specific . specify . speech . . spirit splendid . . stand standard . . . state . . stock strange stranger strength . . strike . strictly . strong struggle . student 4- *? substitute , . . success successful successive .'.... such . sufficient . . suggest .. Sunday . . surprise . surround take . telegram . telegraph , telephone temporary term . territory . . . testify testimony . that G 128 MOSHER SHORTHAND. ^\ ... thankful /"G? . typewriter > ... the V ultimo s ... their, there ~? unavoidable ^ ... them under ^ ... these """"7^ unfortunate ^ ... thing, think ^ . . . .United States ^ ... this f-j universe /r those . unless ^ , thousand -5- . unsecure \s , . . . . throughout until ^ ... time upon < ... told ^ upon it ^ .. told it / urgent x^.. tomorrow use x^ to-wit usual, wish k> trial 3 wish it K trust value *v .. , , . trustworthy c^^/ valuation (, truth, true C-^ variety xs .. Tuesday MOSHEB SHORTHAND. A .. i- > ........ while . venture while it ry it .... verdict v p . . . will do versus f ... with vice versa -s~ . . . . . . . witnesseth was -->-u--v. . . . . wonder wealth -^ . . . . word, we \\ r ednesday "2 . . . . worn week j . . . . worse well will i^ . . worth . were . . work were it s^> ... . world what / . . would .... ', what it ^ would it wherefore & ves . whether . rule The following word-signs are written in position: \s Under, over, enter, herewith, follow, how, it would, extra, color, either, thousand. CORRECTION: On pajre Hi), the words "friend" and 'Friday" are transposed. On pano l''~. in the word "memorandum," the letter "o" is partially omitted. PHRASING. The advantages of phrase-writing are not measured by the number of phrases used, but by the judicious selection of same, and the ability to write each phrase accurately and rapidly. The following have been selected as practical business phrases, and not as wonderful phrase-building curiosities. They should be studied from day" to day until they can be written and read with ease and rapidity. 1. Dear Sir, Dear Miss, Dear Madam, your favor, your es- teemed favor, I am in receipt of your letter, I am in receipt of your favor. 2. I am iu receipt of your esteemed letter, I am in receipt of your esteemed favor, in reply, thanking you, and oblige, in receipt. 3. Will receive, our best attention, yours truly, yours very truly, we remain yours truly, we remain yours very truly, I re- main yours truly, yours respectfully. 4. Yours very respectfully, very respectfully, very respect- fully yours, we are in receipt of yom^s of the 12th inst. and in reply will say. MOSHEK SHORTHAND. 1. Your question, your estimate, your telegram, your order, your insurance, your catalogue, your business, your name", your reply. 2. Your message, your order will have, your money, your life, your dwelling, your place, have your. 3. Will your, on your, leave your, ship your, order your, judge your, with your, would your, did your. 4. Haven't, can't, can your, is your, isn't, wasn't, was your, in your, wouldn't, didn't. 1. Why had. why have, as quick as possible, as soon as pos- sible, best attention, by wire, by a, great while, hope this will be, was there. 2. He must be, I shall be, more or less, was there not, I think it will be, we could. I remember, I sent you. 3. If you do not. we could not have. I returned, I may be able, if they, is at hand, in this manner, it must be. 4. It was said, f. o. b.. it will receive, it may be. I am sorry to hear, First National Bank, at all times, I am sure. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 133 1. Above mentioned, I am sorry, describe to the jury, was there anything, direct examination, at this time, with this', at an early date, in it. 2. A few days, if you do, a long time, if you have, in the world, I had, day or two ago, calling your attention. 3. I had been, I return, car load, day before yesterday, if you do not, I have been there, a dollar, and if there is. 4. A hundred, and will there be, all of my attention, hope you are, and I am, anything else, all may be. 1. As a matter of fact, will there be, nothing else, all matters, it is important. 2. Will there not be, give there, all may be there, just now, will there be anything. 3. Left there, got there, it would be, and have their money, just mentioned, and live there. 4. You may be, it would have been, and there, and let there, you may be able to see, and a. 134 MOSHER SHORTHAND. Dear Madam: In reply to your esteemed favor of the 9th inst. will say that your property, which was in our hands, has been soid, and your money is now on deposit in the First National Bank, where it awaits your order. I think it will be well for you to write them at an early date ana make arrangements as to interest, etc. I was there a few days ago, and I am sure they will do what is fair, though of course there is more or less risk incurred. If you do not care to attend to it yourself, and if there is anything else we can do to serve you, we would at all times be pleased to do so. I hope this will be satisfactory, and that all may be arranged in accordance with your ivishes, before a great while. Very respectfulliLynurs, \ 7t*uf-&- ya?c ^x / Dear Sir: We are in receipt df yours of the 12th inst., and in reply will say that your order will receive our best attention. Your telegram of day before yesterday is also at hand, and we will ship the additional goods with the others as quick as possible. \Yas there not anything else that we could add in order to make a carload shipment? If you do think of anything furtltcr, let us know by wire, and I may be able to include such order, as it will be a few days yet before the goods can be sent. Hoping that your business will not suffer by the delay, and thanking you for your favor, we remain, Yours very truly. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 1. You were, you may be sure, I want to see, you may be able to have, it would not be, year or two, you may be able to say, will you write. 2. You want, you will be able, whether or not, it would have been, we won't, year or two ago, where do you reside, you may be able to do. 3. You want to have, we would say, I want to go, we sent you, will write, what did you do, were there, we are sure. 4. I want, you may be able, why in, I want to say, who was there, this order, we will, to meet, notary public, why not. 1. On account, your most, we will say, where do you live, I want to do, will be able, who was there, to me. 2. Ought to have been, pretty well, very large, left hand, so as to give, they would have, who was in there, tonight. 3. First time, two or three, on hand, so long, they will not have, very much, please look, ought to have been there, that will. 4. On either hand, they will be able, our prompt attention, we would say. they will, they ought to be, state what you did, very many, so far as. 136 MOSIIER SHORTHAND. 1. We want, they were, they are well, please return, you may state to the court, some time ago, they will have, they are. 2. Very well, please state, they will be, you may state to the jury, right hand, this is important, they will not, you may tell the jury, will have your letter. 3. They are not, this may be, there were, this may be im- portant, know all men by these presents, I trust you are, I told him. 4. I hope" you will, calling your attention to the fact, again and again, to be able, House of Representatives, gentlemen of the jury, if the court please, it is impossible. 1. Just about to state, early as possible, circumstantial evi- dence, as well as, if you can go, at any rate, under the circum- stances, at all events, circumstances of the case. J """_JJiirrrt mrnminntinn, I don't, I don't know, I don't see, I /jdbnYcare, I don'tfTTEe, what do, what do you, as far as. y 3. What did he, what did you, what did you do, what did / he tell, what did he tell you, what did he say, as long as, as near as. 4. As low as, as good as, as much as, sooner or later, in the ( matter. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 137 1. In order to hear, in order to see, in order to sell, during the time, during this time, during tfiat lime, in regard to the matter. 2. I would like to have, I would like to have their, in order to know, and if. and if there, could have, could have it, could have had. * 1 3. Could have the, could have a, could have their, if he could have, if he could have had, he could not, he could not tell. 4. You could not tell, I could not tell, little more, little more than. 1. What did you say, "what did you say to that, will he be there, by return mail, when there is, for there is, what there is, if there is. 2. He could not be, he could not be there, few days ago, when it is not, if it is not, would not be able. 3. He said, I said, was said, it was said, what was said, specific recollection, what do you want, your attention, my at- tention, on hand. 4. On the other hand, on either hand, if he has, if it has, if he had, if he had it, if he had had, if he did. 138 MOSHBR SHORTHAND. / Sometimes, while standing on a street corner, waiting for a car, one can hear snatches of conversation, which make one somewhat curious as to further facts in the case. For instance, the following: "Well, as a matter of fact, it is important that all mat- ters be arranged before I leave home, and they ought to be settled today." "Yes, sir, I know it would have been better if we had settled them a year or two ago, but this is the first time in two or three years that there has been nothing else in the way of my doing so. Just now I have the money on hand and can pay the note as well as not." ''Will there be anything to prevent you calling at my office tonight?" "Will there not be time in the morning?" "You may be able to have time, by starting from home early enough to reach me before train time, though it would have been better to have come tonight, so as to give us time to discuss it fully, as it is important that we un- derstand each other." "You may be sure that I want to see you well enough to be on hand early in the morning, but I can't possibly come sooner." "Very well, I want to do what is fair, so we will say 8 o'clock tomorrow morning." "So far as I know, that will suit me all right." "Where do you live, now?" And before you are able to hear the reply, your car comes along, and you wonder if that man really means to keep that appointment, and pay the note, or whether they will be able to settle up their affairs, after all. MOSIIER SHORTHAND. 139 1. Tell what you did, tell the jury, you may tell the jury, you may tell where it, you may tell it, third class rate, party of the first part, party of the second part. 2. Every day, in this matter, first-class, you can not, we may be able to do, it will be there. 3. I would be pleased, they will not be, they will not be there, they will not have, they are not, they are in, are you willing, we have drawn. 4. Some time ago, that may be, they may be, there was, give this matter. 1. On the contrary. I will not be able, you should not, you will claim, our claim, will you look. 2. State how many, state how much, so long as, can you get, could you get there, what have you to say. 3. We would not be willing, give you, we note what you say, we enclose, we will try, how Icng have you known lum. 4. iid yon live there, did you leave there, on this question. 140 MOSHER SHORTHAND. 1. If he did tell, if he didn't, if he wouldn't, if he could, if you would, if you could not, if you want it, I cannot recollect. 2. I will ask ^ou, do you mean to state, do you know the plaintiff, beyond reasonable doubt, do you want it understood, has there not been, can you tell there. 3. Can you tell whether, can you tell " whether there, state whether or not, do you live, where do you live, you may state whether. 4. Went there, is it not true, is it not a fact, when did, when would, when would it, when it, where it, tell what you. ( L Dear Sir: I am in receipt of your esteemed letter of a /ew days ago, and in reply will say, in regard to the matter of which you speak, that it is impossible, under the circumstances, /or me to help you in the case at hand. I am very sorry to say that, during this time, I shall be engaged on another case which I don't like as well as the one you mention. // there is anything I can do to help you, by correspondence, I hope you will let me know, /or there is some time yet before the House of Repre- v MOSHEK SHORTHAND. 141 sentatives meets, and, until that time, I am willing to do as much as I can for you. I will refer you to a friend who lives in your city, and who may be of some assist- ance to you. He is Hon. James Porter, and his address is 217 N. 24th St. I will ask you to call on him as soon as possible and let me knoiu by return mail if he has time to aid you in the matter? I trust you will win your case and I would like to have: information, from time to time as to yur progress^. I may be able to come down in a few days, and if it is not too latef, you may state the circum- stances of the case to me, and I will advise you, as near as I can, as to what I think would be best for you to do. In case I am unable to come, plp&se inform me as to the fol- 7 4 lowing points: Do you know the plaintiff, personally? Has he any but circumstantial evidence to prove his case? What did he tell your friend about it, and what did you say to that at the time, when you heard of it ? What do you want done with the property? Do you know, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the plaintiff ivent to that place in order to hear what he could, and state whether or not he went there often? Can you tell whether there are any other inter- ested parties^When did you first hear that the property had been sold r"" Is it not true that you had once owned the land yourself? You may tell where it is located, ex- actly. Hoping to hear from you as early as possible, I remain, Yours very respectfully, LETTERS. Dear Sir: Herewith I return correspondence in refer- ence to above mentioned claim, and in answer to your nota- tion on next attached, will say that this claim was originally presented at Des Moines, amount $18.25. Same was inves- tigated, and it was found that the hay was in a damaged condition when loaded at your station. This the shipper acknowledged two or three times. It was also found that there was considerable snow on the ground when the hay was pressed, and that the bales were piled on the snow, and when loaded in the car the tier that was on the ground would, of course, come next to the roof of the car, and this was the portion damaged on arrival at Des Moines. Claimant was advised that we would not entertain his claim. He then made claim for $32.34 from Ewing on the same car. This is a very unreasonable move on his part. His new claim was attached to the old one and no attention paid to it, as he, of course, knew that we would not entertain a claim for $32.34, when we had declined a claim for $18.25. You can say to him that claim is posi- tively declined, returning papers to me for file. Very truly yours, (225 words.) MOSI-IER SHORTHAND. 143 _ 3 z. 32-. g) C z__ C-- 144 MOSHEB SHORTHAND. Mr. A. TF. Allen, Creston, Iowa. Dear Sir: I have yours of the 10th inst. We have sold thousands of these harrows all over the country, and never had a complaint of any kind; hence it must be that y.our draw bars are 'not 'right. They are either made too short or too long, or otherwise there is something wrong with the hitch chains. We know the harrow will work right if the parts belonging to same are all of the same size and in proper place. Look (143) this up and advise me as soon as pos- sible. In reference to your order for a No. 25 jump seat, will say we are short on No. 25 this week, but expect some within a few days, when your order will be filled promptly. We have a good stock of most every other style except the No. 25 which have been late in reaching us. We will rash them through as soon as possible. The price on a Columbus buggy is $57.50, with shafts, $60 with pole. We have had a first class run on the Colum- bus buggy, and will have a new supply from the factor;/ some time next week, when we shall be pleased to receive your order for a sample. Yours truly, Mr. C. C. Hughes, Gen I Supt., 'V^-~ > ^ Chicago, Illinois. Dear Sir: Herewith I hand you papers in claim of Barron Bros., MOSHER SHORTHAND. 145 rz-i^-c * * 7 ' >'ij truly yours, ('112 words.) MOSHER SHORTHAND. 149 V 150 MOSHER SHORTHAND. Mr. J. C. White, Denver, Colo. Dear Sir: Mr. A. 8. Green, who is insured under policy No. 255,168, American Insurance Co., of New York, has been to our office two or three times relative to the transfer of the insurance on his house/told goods to a new location. As you will notice by the policy, it covers $3,500.00 on dwelling and $2500.00 on the household good*. Mr. Green sold his house some time ago, and consequently had to move. There was a loss clause on the policy payable to the Colorado Investment Co. It was supposed that this company held the policy, but they are unable to find it, and now Mr. Green wants his goods transferred. We do not see how we can do that very well under the circum- stances, and we would like to have you advise us what can be done to help Mr. Green to the amount of $2500.00 on his household goods to the expiration of his policy, which is October 4, 1900. Mr. Green says he will take out a new policy and pay for it, and the only thing thai will satisfy him is to transfer his goods without any extra cost. Kindly advise us by return mail what we can do for him, and oblige, Yours very truly, (208 words.) Mr. J. C. Howe, Chilicothe, Ohio. Dear Sir: We liare tin's day written $2500.00 in the Rochester German, and $3500.00 in the Lancashire Insur- MOSHER SHORTHAND. 151 H /2-- r? X 7 " ^ Ht 7 " > r 152 MOSHER SHORTHAND. ance Co., on the new Grand Island hotel, in the name of Thomas G. Jenkins, contractor, rate being l l /2%- This hotel is completed, but has not yet a tenant, but will proba- bly have one within a few days. Mr. Jenkins is a Grand Island man and did the carpenter work on this building. He has not yet received his money for the work, and wants his interests to the amount of $6000.00 protected by insur- ance, so we have written up policies as above stated. The hotel lies on a corner and is modern in every respect, and as far as we have been able to find out the moral hazard is all right. The citizens of this place gave $12,000.00 towards the erection of the building. Mr. Jenkins' interests are protected by a lien which he is foreclosing. The man who built the hotel ran short of funds before the building was complete, and this is the reason why this man is not paid. The Grand Island Na- tional Bank holds first mortgage on the property, and there is an effort being made now to make a new loan and pay off all claims which may be against the buildim/. ll> think that this risk is all right and thai you will approve of the same. These policies may be 'in force several months, or they may be cancelled within a short time. The bank has it in charge and is looking after it. Yours very truh/, New York, Feb. 24, P. S. Bedell. Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Dear Sir: We have yours of the 23d instant, and in MOSHER SHORTHAND. 153 reply have to say we will send you the lightning slips and pocket charts as you desired. We note what you say touching the attempts you are mailing to increase our business at your agency; and, in this connection, we would beg to call your attention to the matter of sub-agents. Our experience has shown that great care must be exercised in accepting risks from this source, as the relation of a sub-agent is somewhat different from the representative acting directly with the Company. Please, therefore, use the greatest care, and only accept such for us as you know to be all right in every particular. In regard to Mr. Atwood, we have to say he has not been in our employ for 'more than a year. Our Mr. Smith will visit you one of these days, we hope, whom you will find to be a gentleman in every way worthy of the position which he occupies. As regards the matter of commission, it would be im- possible for us to increase the compensation we are now paying, as we are paying you as much as any of our other representatives receive. None of the leading companies that we know of are paying more than 25 per cent, and cer- tainly none can afford to pay more. We note with interest and satisfaction that our business at your agency materially increased during the year past, for which accept our thanks. We should be glad to re- ceive a call from you at the office whenever you are in the city. Very truly yours, j^f*-^ Deputy 154 MOSHER SHORTHAND. Poughkeepsie, N. Y., April 29, 1SS6. Mr. J. H. Kemble, Saugerties, N. Y. Dear Sir: Yours of 28th at hand and contents noted. The quality of midlings varies from time to time, but not enough, as you say, to make any particular difference in the value of them. Note what you say about price. The price our agent gave you was the price at which he sold several cars on that trip, and was the price which we gave him when he started. When we wrote you on the 12th the price had declined materially. We propose to deal squarely with you always. Our commission on this car was a small one; but, under the circumstances, you may deduct 50 cts. per ton from your invoice, as the shipment was delayed somewhat by the mill. Your car of oats is probably shipped before this, but we have no invoice as yet; it ought to reach you in short time. If you want 200 bu. will ship them from here at 42-2 cts. on board. It costs 6 cts. per hundred freight, or about 2 cts. per bushel, making them cost you 44-^ cts. there. If you need any, let us know and we will send them along. As there is more or less delay in delivering cars, it would be well for you to anticipate your wants a little and have a car started about a week or two before you go out. Yours truly, MOSHER SHORTHAND. 155 New York, June 30, 1886. rs. II . D. Form nn & Go., St. Louis, Mo. Dear Sirs: We leg to advise that we have to-day shipped you by express, prepaid, 2 one-gallon cans of oil, to match, respectively, the samples of the "Star" and the sample marked "No. 9," sent us some time since* The latter, we understand, is a locomotive valve oil. The other sample you sent us was broken in transit, and. arrived here empty. We must apologize for the great delay in making these sendings, and can only assign as a reason that the writer has been very greatly strained during the last two months, owing to the absence of our Mr. Joyce by reason of sick- ness, and has had to neglect various duties other than those of a routine nature. The sample of oil to match the "Star" we think you will find up to your requirements in every respect. We manu- facture it very largely in competition with the brand men- tioned, and in every case it gives perfect satisfaction, and is considered a superior lubricator. The sample of locomotive valve oil sent us was so small that we were not able to analyze it as successfully as if it had been larger. However, we think you will -find that it will answer the various requirements. Trusting to be favored with your orders, we are, Yours respectfully, 15G MOSHER SHORTHAND. Omaha, Neb., March lo, 1800. Mr. August Bragg, Gothenburg, Dawson Co., Neb. Dear Sir: Replying to your favor of the 12th inst., will say that I am pleased to note you have had such excellent success with the engine we sold you a few days ago. I am satisfied you have now found in the engine just what I told you you would before you purchased it. It is made of the best iron and steel throughout, is compactly built, and will last many years for all the work you see ft to do, either in thrashing or corn shelling. The Traction Attachment is the simplest and most dur- able (and economical as to repairs) of any engine now made. You, of course, have noticed that we have springs on our front axle which make it very easy on the engine when going over stony or hilly roads. This improvement mo*t engines do not have. Many engines have simply a c 6o) Q. You may state your name. A. Benton N. Green. Q. Where do you live? A. Omaha, Nebraska. Q. How long have you lived there? A. A little more than twelve years. Q. Where do you work? A. For the U. P. Kailroad Co. Q. How long have you been there? A. I don't know exactly. Q. About how long as near as you can tell? A. About seven years. Q. Are you the husband of Margaret Green, one of the plaintiffs in this suit? A. Yes, sir. Q. Do you know at what time this accident occurred? A. It was in June. Q. Of what year ? A. 1900. Q. What day of the month? A. The 17th. Q. What time of day ? A. About half past four in the afternoon. Q. State whether or not you were present at the tune this accident occurred ? A. ' Yes, sir. Q. Where do you reside? MOSHER SHORTHAND. 159 A. 2409 Xprth 37th. Street. Q. How long have you lived there ? A. About three months. Q. Where did you live at the time of the accident ? A. I lived on Fort Street near the tracks. Q. At what number ? A. 344. Q. You may tell the jury whether or not it is true that you were actually present at the time of this accident? A. I was there a few minutes after it occurred. Q. Is it not a fact that it was more than half an hour after the accident before you got there? A. No, sir ; it is not. Q. As a matter of fact it was nearly a half hour before you got there ? A. No, sir; it was not. Q. I will ask you to tell the jury just how long it was. A. I don't know exactly how long it was. Q. Well, state as near as you can. A. I should say it was about five minutes. Q. Who was the first man you saw after you got there? A. The foreman. Q. What did he say to you? A. He said there had been an accident and that I had better go back and flag the freight train which was due in ten minutes. He said it was important that a man should go, who knew how to stop the train. I told him it would bo impossible for me to get back there in time and that he 160 MOSHEB SHORTHAND. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 161 had better go himself. He said for me to go back to the section house and get a flag. Q. How were you standing at the time ? A. I was standing on the track and the foreman was standing on the east side of it. Q. How close were you to the train at the time ? A. I don't know (ie3 > exactly. Maybe seventy yards. Q. When did you first hear the noise, where you were standing, could you hear the noise? A. Yes, sir. Q. State what time it was as near as you can recollect? A. It was about half past four. Q. Where were you at the time? . A. I was between my house and the depot. Q. Can you state just where you were at the time you first heard the noise ? A. I don't know just where I was. Q. What is your 'best recollection? (Objected to as incompetent, irrelevant and immaterial and not the best evidence. Sustained. Defendant excepts.) Q. You may state just what was said to you at that time. A. The foreman said there was an accident. He said the train had run off the track and that two or three cars had turned over. Q. How far were you from the train when you met the foreman ? A. I don't know. 162 MOSHER SHORTHAND. Q. About how far? (Objected to as incompetent and irrelevant. Sustained. Defendant excepts.) Q. How many cars did you say were turned over? A. Two or three. Q. How far were they lying from the track ? A. I can't say. Some were further away than others. Q. How near was the nearest car to the track? A. About ten feet. That is, the embankment was about ten feet. (Plaintiff offers in evidence Exhibit 1, and the first two pages of Exhibit 2. Defendant objects to the introduction of Exhibit 2 for the reason that the plaintiff only offers a portion of it and not the whole of said Exhibit, and for the further reason that it is incom- petent, irrelevant and immaterial. Overruled. Defend- ant excepts.) CROSS-EXAMINATIOX. Q. You stated your name is Benton X. Green ? A. Yes, sir. Q. Do you know the plaintiff in this case? A. Yes, sir. Q. How long have you known him ? A. A little more than two years. Q. Have you ever had any business transactions with him? A. No, sir. Q. When did you have the first conversation with him that you spoke of in your direct examination ? MOSHER SHORTHAND. 163 C7 o jr 164 MOSHER SHORTHAND. A. About two months ago. Q. During that conversation did he say anything to you about his injury? A. He said he was getting better. (ies) (Objected to as not responsive to the question. Sus- tained.) Q. You will note that my question can be answered by yes or no. What's your answer? A. My answer is yes. Q. Well, you may state to the court and jury just what he said to you. A. I don't remember the whole conversation. Q. Well state what you recollect of it. A. He said he was getting better and I said that I was glad to hear it. He said he thought he would be able to go to work in a few da vs. Q. Is this plaintiff, George Porter, any relation to you ? A. No, sir. Q. What relation, if any, is Margaret Green, the other plaintiff, to you? A. She is my wife. Q. How long have you been married ? A. About seven years. Q. What did you state is your business? A. Carpenter. Q. Where do you work ? A. For the U. P. Eailroad Co. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 165 166 MOSHER SHORTHAND. RE-CROSS EXAMINATION. (1Q8) Q. Did you swear in your direct examination that he shipped you goods during this time? A. Yes, sir. Q. He was not there all the time, was he? A. Yes, sir. Q. Did he ship your goods? A. Yes, sir. Q. Did he ship you wheat at that time? A. Yes, sir. Q. You were in there, were you ? A. Yes, sir. Q. Whose goods did you say they were? Were they Brown & Smith's, or were they Davis's? A. They were his goods. Q. How do you know they were not their goods? A. I said their goods were not there at all. Q. How do you know his goods were in there and their goods were not there? A. I was there and saw what was there. Q. But he shipped you coal? A. Yes, sir. Q. He shipped you wheat? A. Yes, sir. Q. And at the same time he shipped your cattle? A. Yes, sir. Q. He bought the cattle for you ? A. Yes, sir. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 167 Q. Did you send him money for the cattle ? A. No, sir. Q. Why didn't you send him money? A. It would not be there in time ; it would have to get there before the 16th of the month. Q. When he was there buying this grain, he was paying your money for it? A. Yes, sir. Q. Did he pay you money for the cattle ? A. He did some. Q. Where did you say these goods were ? A. I said they were stored in the barn. Q. Were they in there all the time? A. They were not there all the time. Q. How do you know they were not? A. I saw thorn. Q. Did you live there all the time? A. I was there most of the time. Q. Did you leave there in March ? A. No, sir. Q. Did you live there in March, 1892 ? A. Yes, sir. Q. Didn't you tell Mr. Smith that you lived there in April, May, June and July? A. No, sir. Q. Did you leave there in April? A. No, sir. Q. Did you live there in May? A. No, sir. 168 MOSHER SHORTHAND. O MOSHER SHORTHAND. 169 Q. When did you leave there? A. I left there the latter part of May. Q. Didn't you live there before this altercation took place ? A. Yes, sir. Q. Well, can you tell the jury the exact time you left there? A. I left there some time in May. I don't know tho exact time. Q. Didn't you tell Mr. Jones you lived there in June? A. No, sir. Q. Didn't you live there at that place in July, or did you leave there at that time; (l71) did you live there in July? A. Yes, sir. Q. Then you didn't live there in May? A. That was the first time. Q. Did you live there more than once? A. Yes, sir. Q. When was the second time you lived there ? A. I lived there in July. Q. When did you leave there the second time? A. The 29th of July. Q. Now, going back a little, you may tell the jury where you were standing when Smith came in. A. I was standing behind a bureau. Q. Were you in behind a bureau during the whole time ? A. I was in behind a bureau part of the time and stand- ing by a door the rest of the time. Q. Did you see Mr. Smith follow Mr. Jones? 170 MOSHER SHORTHAND. A. Yes, sir. Q. You saw Smith following Jones? A. Yes, sir. Q. You saw Jones strike Smith? A. Yes, sir. Q. Did you see Smith fall? A. Yes, sir. Q. How far did Smith fall ? A. About ten feet. Q. Did you see Smith following? A. I think so. Q. How could you see him if you were behind a bureau ? A. I was not there all the time. I was standing by a door some of the time. Q. Were you behind a door? A. Yes, sir. Q. Now, I want to get this matter straight. Were you by a door or were you behind a bureau, or were you stand- ing behind a door, when Smith struck Jones ? A. I was not behind the door. Q. Didn't you swear you were behind the door? A. I swore I was behind a bureau and standing by a door. 1 was not behind the door. Q. Are you sure about that? A. Yes, sir. Q. You were in behind a bureau? A. I was in behind the bureau when Jones was follow- ing Smitb. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 171 cJ-^Zf s\ J. *>' 2,0 172 MOSHER SHORTHAND. CHARGE TO JURY. <"> Gentlemen of the Jury : The prisoner at the bar was in- dicted by the Grand Jury of the City and County of San Francisco, and thereby charged with being guilty of the crime of murder, in the unlawful killing, with malice afore- thought, of James Alexander, on the 3d of Xovember of last year, by shooting him, through the agency of a pistol loaded and charged with powder and leaden ball. The in- dictment contains two counts: one charging the murder to have been committed in the City and County of San Francisco, and the other that the alleged murder was com- mitted on board of the steam ferryboat El Capitan, while that vessel was navigating the waters of the Bay of San Francisco, in the\ferry service, from a point in Alameda County, known as Oakland Wharf, to the ferry landing on Davis Street, in this city and county. -\To this indict- ment the prisoner has pleaded not guilty, and you, gentle- men, under your oaths and the instructions of the Court as to the law, are called upon as jurors, from the evidence, to decide by your verdict as to her guilt or innocence of the crime charged against her. You, gentlemen, no doubt ap- preciate the magnitude of the duty you are called upon to perform the most important of any that falls within the province of jurors; important not only to the prisoner, but, if she be guilty, to the protection, safety, and well-being of society. To the Legislature, under the Constitution, is delegated the power to enact laws denning crimes, and pre- scribing punishments to be inflicted upon those who shall MOSHER SHORTHAND. 173 174 MOSHEB SHORTHAND. be found guilty. Whatever may be the views of any or all of us upon the subject of the punishment that has been or may be fixed by law as a penalty for the commission of any crime, we are not responsible (178) for the law ; but it i< our duty, under the circumstances, to carry the law into effect, and to administer it truly and fairly, f It is the duty of the Court to state the law applicable to the case on trial, and to the facts and circumstances developed by the evi- dence; to decide what shall not be admitted as legal and competent evidence, and, generally, to regulate the con- duct of the trial. <\ It is the duty of the jury to take such evidence into consideration ; to weigh it carefully ; to apply their best judgment to the discovery of the truth, and, by their verdict, to declare it, without regard to the sex or social position of the party accused. The law in its policy makes no distinction between the murderess and the mur- derer; they are alike amenable; and we should not con- travene its design by such distinction, whereby the guilty may escape the punishment provided by law; while courts and jurors perform their respective duties, \the law will be properly administered, and all within human power will be done for the detection and punishment of the guilty and for the security and protection of the inno- cent. In the language of an eminent jurist, We are not here to administer sympathy, but to execute justice; to carry into effect the laws of the land; to enforce its solemn mandates; and not to nullify or relax its "positive com- mands by misplaced sympathy or morbid clemency. To convict any person of a crime under our laws, it MOSHER SHORTHAND. 175 should appear from the evidence that there was a union or joint operation of act, or intention, or negligence. In- tention is manifested by the circumstances connected with the perpetration of the offense, and the sound mind and discretion of the person accused. 176 MOSHER SHOETHAND. cT MOSHER SHORTHAND. 177 WRITING EXERCISE. LIFE IS A BATTLE WOE TO THE COWAED. One's ability for success in life is measured by his strength in overcoming obstacles. What would vanquish one person would be a mere trifle to another, but every ob- stacle overcome adds strength to one's capacities. * Too many are like the young man who had always lived in a city and who invested in a farm, never doubting for a mo- ment his ability to become a first class farmer. He was a bright, enthusiastic young fellow and had acquired what he thought was a genuine love of rural life, but he did not take into consideration that experience is a wonderfully large factor in the profession of farming. Of course he was not expecting any difficulties, trials nor tribulations that he could not easily vanquish to tell the trulji, he could see nothing but the brightest of prospects. But in time he found that theoretical and practical farming were two different things. The frost took its own time to leave the soil in shape for plowing and seeding, the rain came at the wrong time, he met disappointment and discourage- ment at every turn. He found that even the plowing of a straight furrow involved the principles of experience and practice, and theory did not seem to enter into the problem. But he persevered, patiently and persistently overcoming these little difficulties and making the best of what was not in his power to overcome, and he felt himself growing stronger even though his stock of enthusiasm was decreas- ing. 178 MOSHER SHORTHAND. But lie did feel good over his corn crop, and he took great pride in comparing its clean, thrifty condition jwith that of the corn fields of his neighbors, ^e^waseven a surprised, himself, at the amazing growth of that corn for he had met so many disappointments^) One morning when the hot weather came on corn weather, you know, when things grow in a night he went to view his field of maize. That beautiful field of waving, glossy green had, appar- ently in one night, changed to a plummy yellow, in short, had tasseled owt. When he appeared at the breakfast table his face was long, very long, and when his wife inquired the cause he disconsolately remarked, "It is no use, Mar}', I am going to give it up. The corn is ruined, it is an utter failure, it has all gone to seed." That is just the way with so many people in this world, they go into an enterprise full of enthusiasm, perhaps real ability, but do not take into consideration the obstacles, the discouragements and disheartenments that must enter into every phase of life and into every occupation, and the strength it will take to overcome these little difficulties, of. which the imaginary is too often confused with the real. But they struggle along philisophically and are finally re- warded by having some one "crop" on the road to an appar- ently fruitful harvest and just when it is all ready to "tas- sel out" and make great strides toward maturity some un- toward circumstance comes up which they interpret as dis- aster and which seems to them, metaphorically speaking, "the last straw." Thus when they are on the verge of pros- MOSIIER SHORTHAND. 179 perity they succumb to what appears to them to be the in- evitable, but what in. reality is a mere bagatelle. And all too often they do not even go to "Mary" for consolation and encouragement but come to the conclusion that they will never make -a success in that line and decide to try something more congenial. They forget that in this new field they will have to begin at the beginning again, sow- ing the seed, tilling their crop, and thus they are not sure of even the "fodder" at harvest time. "Never give up the ship," never meet a difficulty that you do not surmojjnt or somehow turn 1 to* your own advan- tage. Too often does surrender mean disaster and the utter defeat of the greatest desires and ambitions of life. It is well for 'every young person to start out with this firm re- solve that whatever is undertaken will be for aye and that nothing shall daunt, nothing deter them from the accom- plishment of their purpose. Every victory means greater strength and greater courage; every surrender means greater weakness, if we fail in one undertaking we will more easily give up in the next, and so on until some of the waves take us unawares and we are swept off our feet. Thoroau says : "Whatever your sex or position, life is a battle in which you are to show your pluck ; and woe be to the coward. Despair and postponement are cowardice and defeat. Men are born to succeed, not to fail." 180 MOSHER SHOKTILAXD. FEOM WEBSTER'S REPLY TO HAYNE. But, sir, although there are fears, there are hopes also. The people have preserved this, their own chosen Consti- tution, for forty years, and have seen their happiness, pros- perity, and renown grow with its growth and strengthen with its strength. They are now, generally, strongly at- tached to it. Overthrown by direct assault, it cannot be; evaded, undermined, NULLIFIED, it will not be, if we and those who shall succeed us here, as agents and representa- tives of the people, shall conscientiously and vigilantly dis- charge the two great branches of our public trust, faith- fully to' preserve, and wisely to administer it. Mr. President, I have thus stated the reasons of my dis- sent to the doctrines which have been advanced and main- tained. I am conscious of having detained you and the Senate much too long. I was drawn into the debate with no previous deliberation, such as is suited to the discussion of so grave and important a subject. But it is a subject of which my heart is full, and I have not been willing to suppress the utterance of its spontaneous sentiments. I cannot, even now, pers_uade myself to relinquish it, with- out expressing once more my deep conviction, that, since it respects nothing less than the Union of the states, it is of most vital and essential importance to the public happi' ness. I profess, sir, in my career hitherto, to have kept steadily in view the prosperity and honor of the whole country, and the preservation of our Federal Union. It is to that Union we owe our safety at home, and our MOSHER SHORTHAND. 181 ^ ^L. 182 MOSIIER SHORTHAND. consideration and dignity abroad. It is to that Union that we are chiefly indebted for whatever makes us most proud of our country. That Union we reached only by the dis- cipline of our virtues in the severe school of adversity. It had its origin in the necessities of disordered finance, pros- trate commerce, and ruined credit. Under its benign in- fluences, these great interests immediately awoke, as from the (l83) dead, and sprang forth with newness of life. Every year of its duration has teemed with fresh proofs of its utility and its blessings; and although our territory has stretched out wider and wider, and our population spread farther and farther, they have not outrun its protection or its benefits. It has been to us all a copious fountain of national, social, and personal happiness. I have not allowed myself, sir, to look beyond the Union, to see what might lie hidden in the dark recess behind. I have not coolly weighed the chances of preserving lib- erty when the bonds that unite us together shall be broken asunder. I have not accustomed myself to hang over the precipice of disunion, to see whether, with my short sight, I can fathom the depth of the abyss below; nor could I regard him as a safe coi\nseller in the affairs of this gov- ernment, whose thoughts should be mainly bent on con- sidering, not how the Union may be best preserved, but how tolerable might be the condition of the people when it should be broken up and destroyed. While the Union lasts, we have 'high, exciting, gratifying prospects spread out before us, for us and our children. Beyond that I seek not to penetrate the veil. God grant that, in my day, MOSHER SHORTHAND. 183 ^x *> (__^ -^^ .^^5? Iy ^f 7 ,' ' >c> ^/ ^ ^ i ^ ' x v v^ .--< ^r * ^ ^.-^T /^- -_^^ - A 184 MOSHER SHORTHAND. at least, that curtain may not rise ! God grant that on my vision never may be opened what lies behind ! When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the sun in heaven, may I not see him shining on the broken and dishonored fragments of a once glori- ous Union; on states dissevered, discordant, belligerent; on a land rent with civil feuds, or drenched, it may be, (l85) in fraternal blood! Let their last feeble and lingering glance rather behold the gorgeous ensign of the republic, now known and honored throughout the earth, still full high advanced, its arms and trophies streaming in their original lustre, not a stripe erase3~or polluted, nor a single star obscured, bearing for its motto, no such miserable interrogatory as "What is all this worth ?" nor those other words of delusion and folly, "Lib- erty first and Union afterwards"; but everywhere, spread all over in characters of living light, blazing on all its ample folds, as they float over the sea and over the land, and in every wind under the whole heavens, that other sentiment, dear to every true American heart Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 185 WRITING EXERCISE. LITTLE HINDRANCES TO SUCCESS. Every young man and young woman should look well to the little things which cut down the average of success- possibilities. For instance, little mannerisms, such as ner- vous twitching of the hands, fumbling with the fingers, fooling with whatever is within reach, peculiar movements, undignified postures in sitting or standing, a slouchy gait, a habit of saying sharp, unkind things, indulging in sar- casm all these things interefere very materially with one's success-possibilities. Many a man, with great brain power and fine physique, 18G MOSIIER SHORTHAND. who started in life with good prospects, has failed to at- tain great success because of little idiosyncrasies, peculiari- ties of speech or manner ; things not in themselves vicious or wrong, but which render him disagreeable or unaccept- able to those who have dealings with him. If it were possible for us to write of all the little things which have cut down the average of our success, and to calculate just how much each has contributed to the whole, it would be most helpful. For example, one young man's advancement has been cut down twenty-five per cent by bad temper, a surly, dis- agreeable disposition ; another's, by carelessness in dress, an unkempt or slovenly appearance; and yet another's by a sharp tongue or an unkind habit of criticising. Many a brilliant and capable stenographer has failed to advance, because she had disagreeable habits which annoyed her employer, who, while he recognized her ability, pre- ferred a less able stenographer who had amiable and agree- able qualities. The lack of amiability has stood in the way of advancement of many an employee who wondered why he did not get along. Disagreeable, hurtful, and foolish habits, formed per- haps unconsciously, often become great barriers which keep us from otherwise well-earned success. It would pay young men and women who are eager to succeed, frequently to make inventories of their success-capital, to examine themselves carefully and impartially, as if they were study- ing the merits and demerits of someone else, in order to find whether their progress is barred, their whole future MOSHER SHORTHAND. 187 jeopardized, by some unfortunate habit or peculiarity which is patent to everyone by themselves. If this rigid self; examination should result in the discovery of a weakness or fault, which it is in their power to correct and this is always possible they have none but themselves to^blame if, in middle life or later, they find themselves in the un- happy ranks of the "might-have-beens." BRYAN'S SPEECH AT CHICAGO, JULY 18, 1903. (180) 'The ideal controls the life and gives it not only direction but form and constancy. An ideal permanently pursued crystallizes into character and becomes the vital part of the individual. If you know a man's ideal, you know the man and can judge with reasonable accuracy what he will do in a given case. No one can ever estiroate the value of an ideal, because it measures the difference between success and failure. "An ideal is as important to a party as to an individual and must in the end determine not only the party's char- acter, but the party's destiny. The party ideal is the ideal of those who dominate its councils and control its actions, and in any party worthy to be called democratic the con- trolling force should be a majority of the voters of the party. As in the case of the individual, so with the party the character is formed not by a few decisions but by a multitude of facts all in harmony with the general purpose and all influenced by the ideal. As in the case of the in- dividual it is impossible to follow one ideal a part of the time, and an opposite ideal the rest of the time, so with 188 MOSHER SHORTHAND. the party, there must be a constant effort to apply the same principles and the same methods to all questions and issues. "The distinguishing feature of any party that deserves to be known as a democratic party is its faith in the poo- pie, its desire to advance the welfare of the people, and its willingness to have the people control their own affairs. A democratic party seeks to administer to the government ac- cording to democratic principles, and its ideas of a free gov- ernment is a government in which every department, legis- lative, executive and judjcyal, is administered according to the doctrine of equal rights to all and special privileges to none. (181) "A party with such an ideal is more closely scrutinized and more quickly criticized than a party which makes no such pretension, because the world is inclined to measure a party by the standard which it sets up for itself. A party really democratic cannot do what another party might do with impunity, because its own teachings will be turned upon its conduct and hypocrisy added to its other sins. "Never before in the history of the country has there been greater need for a democratic party with a truly demo- cratic ideal. The aristocracy which Hamilton led against the democracy of Jefferson's day, and the plutocracy which Nick Biddle led against the democracy of Jackson's day, have combined to assault the democracy of the present day, and these assaults are supported by a metropolitan press more subservient to capital and more widely read than the papers of 1800 to 1832. "In 1896, the republican party, under the leadership of MOSHEK SHORTHAND. 189 fl -, fr w 190 MOSHER SHORTHAND. Mark Hanna, became the open ally of organized wealth, and a victory was secured by the use of means which, when known, must be repugnant to every believer in the doctrine of self-government. The purchase of votes, and the coer- cion of employes all these things were resorted to with an audacity never known in this country before. As a result of that election, Mammon was enthroned, the manu- facturers were permitted to write the tariff schedules with- out regard to the interests of the consumers, the financiers were allowed to dictate the policy of the treasury without regard to the interests of the country at large, and the trust magnates were permitted to bankrupt (103) and strangle competition and extort without limit. "Then the Spanish war occurred, and the syndicates, in complete possession of the United States, are now using the American army and a carpet : l>ag government to exploit the inhabitants of the Philippines, whose revergnce for our institutions has thus been converted into hatred for our flagT" "Surely if there ever was a time when the preaching of the democratic gospel ought to be opportune, now is the time. And yet the time of greatest opportunity is also the time of greatest danger, for an opportunity unimproved is worse than lost. The character of our party is to be determined by the manner in which it meets an opportu- nity, and the manner in which it meets an opportunity will be determined by the ideal that dominates it. Will our party hesitate or take counsel of its fear?? Will it abandon its championship of the people's interest in the MOSHER SHORTHAND. y 191 L o A ) ' 192 MOSHER SHORTHAND. hope of conciliating relentless forces or of purchasing a few offices with campaign contributions that carry with them an obligation to be -made good out of the pockets of the people ? "This gathering of the democracy of the second city of the union ought to have its influence in determining the party'3 position and in molding opinion in regard to the party. It has been said that no principle is worth living for that is not worth dying for; and so it may be said that no political principle is worth fighting for that is not worth suffering defeat for, and, as a matter of fact, one's devotion to a principle must be measured by what he is willing to suffer in its behalf, not by the reward that he is willing to accept for supporting it. The democratic party must appeal to the democratic sentiment of the country, ( 185) and this sentiment is far wider than any party. Wherever the question has been submitted in such a way that it could be acted upon independently, there has always been an overwhelming majority in favor of that which was demo- cratic, and our party can appeal successfully to this demo- cratic spirit if we but convince the people of our earnest- ness and of our fidelity to those principles. "We are handicapped just now by the fact that the last democratic administration was more subservient to corpo- rate dictation than any republican administration that had preceded it and the record of that administration lias been a millstone about the party's neck ever since. This influence exerted by Wall street over the administration's policy, the use of patronage to reward those who betrayed their con- MOSHEB SHORTHAND. 193 c, / L- r ' / ^ - _ '^- ' i C~ -v, ^ ^- s( *y 194 , MOSHER SHOBTHAND. stituents, and the employment of the most reprehensible of republican methods, made the administration a stench in the nostrils of the people, and kept in the republican party many who were disgusted with that party's course. "The odium which Mr. Cleveland's second administra- tion brought upon the party which elected him did more to defeat the party than any one plank in the Chicago plat- form, or even than all the planks that were most severely criticized. But for the repudiation of the administration it would have been impossible to make any campaign at all, and even the repudiation, thorough and complete as it was, could not completely disinfect the party. The great- est menace that the party has to meet today is not proba- bility, but the possibility of the party's return to the position that it occupied from 189.2 to 1896^ This danger is not so (197) imminent as the corporation-controlled papers make it appear, but insofar as it all threatens, it paralyzes the energies of the party and nullifies its promises. Such a return would indicate a degradation of the party's, ideals and a perversion of its purpose. It ought not to be neces- sary to remind you that our last experiment with a com- mercialized democracy changed a democratic majority of 380,000 in 1892 into a republican majority of more than 1,000,000 in 1894. It ought not to be necessary to appeal to history, a knowledge of human nature and a faith in the integrity of the people ought to conyjnce us that both prin- ciple and expedjency lead to an honest fight with good, honest methods for the support of those honestly desiring the restoration of justice and equity in government. MOSHER SHORTHAND. J f ^- t? 6- 195 196 MOSHER SHORTHAND. "If the democratic party will stand face to face with the future with confidence, defend the rights of the people and protect their interests when attacked whether the attacks come from the financiers, the monopolists, the tariff barons, or from the imperialists, it can look with confi- dence for a revolution of sentiment that will give us a vic- tory, and this victory, when it comes, will not end, as the victory of 1892 did, in the demoralization of the party, but in the building up of a democratic organization which will deal aggressively with all the evils of government and find its bulwark in the affection and confidence of the masses." MOSHER SHORTHAND. 197 198 } ins HER SHORTHAND. FROM THE ARGUMENT OF DANIEL WEBSTER ON THE TRIAL OF JOHN FRANCIS KXAPP, FOR THE MURDER OF JOSEPH WHITE. I am little accustomed, gentlemen, to the part which I am now attempting to perform. Hardly more than once or twice has it happened to me to be concerned on the side of the government in any criminal prosecutiotfNvhatever ; and never, until the present occasion, in any case affecting life. But I very much regret that it should have been thought necessar\ r to suggest to you that I am brought here to ''hurry you against the law and beyond the evidenr-e/'^V I hope I have too much regard for justice, and too much respect for my own character, to attempt either ; and were I to make such attempt, I am sure that in this court noth- ing can be carried against the law, and that gentlemen, in- ^olligent and just as you are, are not. by any power, to be hurried beyond the evidence. Though I could well have wished to shun this occasion, I have not felt at liberty to withhold my professional assistance, when it is supposed that I may be in some degree useful in investigating and discovering the truth respecting this most extraordinary^ murder.-l It has seemed to be a duty incumbent on me, as on every other citizen, to do my best and my utmost to bring to light the perpetrators- of this crime. Against ~s\ the prisoner at the bar, as an individual, I cannot have the slightest prejudice. I would not do him the smallest in- jury or injustice. But I do not affect to be indifferent to the discovery and the punishment of this deep guilt. I MOSIIER SHORTHAND. 199 cheerfully share in the opprobrium, how great soever it may be, which is cast on those who feel and manifest an anxious concern that all who had a part in planning, or a hand in executing, this deed of midnight assassination, may be brought to answer for their enormous crime at the bar of public justice. Gentlemen, it is a most extraordinary case. In some re- spects, it has hardly a precedent anywhere; certainly none in our New England history. This bloody drama exhibited no suddenly excited, ungovernable rage. The actors in it were not surprised by any ' lion-like temptation springing upon their virtue, and overcoming it, before resistance could begin. Nor did they do the deed to glut savage ven- geance, or satiate^ long-settled and deadly hate. It was a cool, calculating, money-making murder. It was all "hire and salary, not revenge." It was the weighing of money against life; the counting out of so many pieces of silver against so many ounces of blood. An aged man, without an enemy in the world, in his own house, and in his own bed, is made the victim of a butcherly -T' murder, for mere pay. Truly, here is a new lesson for painters and poets. Whoever shall hereafter draw the p_or- trait of murder, if he will show it as it has been exhibited, where such example was last to have been looked for, in the very bosom of our New England society, let him not give it the grim visage of Molojjli, the brow knitted by revenge, the face black with settled hate, and the bloodshot eye emitting livid fires of malice. Let him draw, rather, a decorous, smooth-faced, bloodless demon; a picture in re- 200 MOSHER SHORTHAND. pose, rather than in action ; not so much an example of hu- man nature in its depravity, and in its paroxysms of crime, as an infernal being, a fiend, in the ordinary display and dejvelopment of character. The deed was executed with a degree of self-possession and steadiness equal to the wickedness with which it was planned. The circumstances now clearly in evidence spread out the whole scene before us. Deep sleep had fallen on the destined victim, and on all beneath his roof. A healthful old man, to whom sleep was sweet, the first sound slumbers of the night held him in their soft but strong embrace. The assassin enters, through the window already prepared, into an unoccupied apartnient. With noiseless foot he paces the lonely hall, half lighted by the moon; he winds up the ascent of the stairs, and reaches th door of the chamber. vOf this, he moves the lock, by soft^ and continued pressure, till it turns on its hinges without noise; and he enters, and beholds his victim before him. The room is uncommonly open to the admission of lig! The face of the innocent sleeper is turned from the mur- derer, and the beams of the moon, resting on the gray kicks of his aged temple show him where to strike. The fatal blow is given ! and the victim passes, without a struggle or a motion, from the repose of sleep to the repose of death ! It is the assassin's purpose io make sure work : and he plies the dagger, though it is obvious that life has been de- stroyed by the blow of the bludgeon. He even raises the aged arm, that he may not fail in his aim at the heart, and re- places it auain over the wounds of the poniard ! To finish MOSIIER SHORTHAND. 201 i the picture, he explores the wrist for the pulse ! He feels for it, and ascertains that it beats no longer ! It is accom- plished. The deed is done. He ^etreats, retraces his steps to the window, passes out through it as he came in, and es- capes. He has done the murder. No eye has seen him, no ear has heard him. The secret is his own, and it is safe! Ah ! gentlemen, that was a dreadful mistake. Such a secret can be safe nowhere. The whole creation of God has neither nook nor corner where the guilty can bestow it, and say it is safe. Not to speak of that eye which pierces through all disguises, and beholds everything as in the splendor of noon, such secrets of guilt are never safe from detection, even by men. True it is, generally speaking, that "murder will out." True it is, that Providence hath so ordained, and doth so govern things, that those who break the great law of Heaven by shedding man's blood seldom succeed in avoiding discovery. Especially, in a case exciting so much attention as this, discovery must come, and will come, sooner or later. A thousand eyes turn at once to explore every man, every thing, every cir- cumstance, connected with the time and place; a thou- sand ears catch every whisper; a thousand excited minds intensely dwell on the scene, shedding all their light, and ready to kindle the slightest circumstance into 1 ^ blaze of discovery. Meantime the guilty soul cannot keep its own secret. It is false to itself; or rather it feels an irresistible impulse of conscience to be true to itself. It labors under its guilty possession, and knows not what to do with it. 202 MOSHER SHORTHAND. The human heart was not made for the residence of such an inhabitant. It finds itself preyed on by a torment, which it dares not acknowledge to God or man. A vulture is devouring it, and it can ask no sympathy or assistance, either from heaven or earth. The secret which the mur- derer possesses soon comes to possess him; and, like the evil spirits of which we read, it overcomes him and leads him whithersoever He will. He feels it beating at his heart, rising to his throat, and demanding disclosure. He thinks the whole world sees it in his face, reads it in his eyes, and almost hears its workings in the very silence of his thoughts. It has become his master. It betrays his dis- cretion, it breaks down his courage, it conquers his pru- dence. When suspicions from without begin to embarrass^ him, and the net of circumstance to entangle him, the fatal secret struggles with still greater violence to burst forth. It must be confessed, it will be confessed ; there is no refuge from confession but suicide, and suicide is con- fession. IS THERE IRON IN YOUR BLOOD? Some of the best people we ever knew good companions, splendid friends, and extremely agreeable, have never accomplished anything worthy of their ability, simply be- cause they had no stamina. They were tame, common- place; they lacked the fire, the force, the originality and the push that accomplish things. People whose blood is full of positive force are the leaders, the aggressive men who get to the front. They do MOSIIER SHORTHAND. 203 not lag and loiter behind, waiting to be attacked. They take the initiative; they push ahead, regardless of obstacles. One of the first things to do, in starting out for success, is to show the world that you are not made of putty, or straw, but that you have some stability in you. You should make a reputation as early as possible for doing things. Let your friends know that whatever you put your hands 1o will be accomplished, no matter what may stand, in the way. The moment you establish the reputation of a man of stamina, of firm, prompt decision, of one who does not waver, vacillate or wabble, the world will make way for you. But the moment you show a disposition to be easy, to allow yourself to be pushed to one side, and people see Hint there is no iron in you, but that you are made of soft metal, they will trample on you, and crowd you to the wall. It is the determined man, the one whose decision is prompt and final, who is resolute and aggressive, that not only succeeds, but also wins the respect and confidence of the community in which he lives. People believe in him, because he is a man of force. They know that he will not dilly-dally or turn his back upon the enemy, but that he can be depended upon to stand firm and push toward his goal. There is no quality which gains more admiration and re- spect than that which enables a man to form a definite purpose, and then to concentrate all his energy in execut- ing it. 204 r 1 MOSHER SHORTHAND. CITIES AND COUNTRIES. KEY. Allegheny, Baltimore, Brooklyn, Buffalo, Cambridge, Chicago, Cincinnati, Boston, Cleveland, Columbus, Coun- cil Bluffs, Covington, Denver, Syracuse, Des Homes, De- troit, Dubuque, Topeka, Fort Wayne, Grand 1 Rapids, Hart- ford, Jersey City, Kansas City, Louisville, Memphis, Mil- waukee, Minneapolis, Newark, New Haven, New Orleans, Pittsburg, Portland, Providence, Richmond, Terre Haute, Toledo, Trenton, Troy, Washington, Worcester, Omaha, Wilmington, Manchester, Rochester, Lincoln, London, Liv- erpool, Paris, United States, England, France, Germany, Spain, Cuba, Canada, Philippine, Ireland, Scotland, Aus- iria, Australia, Africa, Hawaii, Philadelphia. MOSHER SHORTHAND. 205 DAY AND MONTHS. r// KEY. Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Fri- day, Saturday, yesterday, today, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, Octo- ber, November, December. STATES AND TEEKITOEIES. KEY. < Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colo- rado, Connecticut, Delaware, District .of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois^ Indiana, Indian Territory, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachu- setts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, 206 MOSIIER SHORTHAND. Xenraska, "Nevada, Xew I ratnpshire, New Jersey, Xeu r Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio>\ Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Ehode Island, South | Carolina, South 'Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia,, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyo- u n //in/4 ERRATA. Page 55:^Jne last word^if the ke Ashould be "dents" place of "dense." *9+*"l*JUtL t^Mfe*** fl^ Page 91: "Magnate" wTouldoewrTtten with "ITK^aTId a disjoined "t." Page 96 third line of shorthand: The ' p" in tlie word "paramount" is nearly obscured; and in lipeJT the vowel and ;\, in the phrase Pagt- 1:!8 "our prompt ^ _ The form used for the phl'a^yalfQ^a^l^page the form used on page 189, line I3.*^> ^ ^.ft__ffc ^ On page 116, in key to "citizens." omittea in / 6 t) 'V<<> ' 1^- / b A UNIVERSITY LOS ANG LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OP CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 3 7 For mL 9-25,-9 ; .47(A5 61 8)444 - I!'"- - Mosher- Z56 M85s 1903 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY A 000583811 5 SB*- -"'""'"'