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 THE LIBRARY 
 
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 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
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 jHemortal 
 
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 ertfortishfre 
 
 iiitcl)e0. 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM FEAMPTON AKDEEWS, 
 
 HERTFORD. 
 
 r W F Andrews, thrice Mavor of Hertford, 
 
 \ has just died, aged 77, years, was known as an . / 
 
 ijBologist. He was a large owner of property |\f,oV ' 
 
 FIertiordi?hire, and with his brother presented a 
 
 icum to the county town. 
 
 11^1^ 
 
 PUBLISHED BY STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS. 
 
 1886.
 
 BEASS IN ^^HEATHAMPSTEAD CHTJECH. 
 
 DiRECTnr VNDERNEATH THIS PLACE LYETH BVRIED 
 lOHN HeYWORTH of MaCKEYRE end ESQVIERfe
 
 MEMORIAL BRASSES ,w 
 
 HERTFORDSHIRE CHURCHES, 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM F. ANDREWS, Hertford. 
 
 Hertfordshire contains 140 churches, and in nearly 
 90 of them are to be found various brasses of more or less 
 interest to the antiquarian, and any one who has time 
 at his disposal will find that a study of these memorials 
 of bygone times will bring to light many curious and 
 interesting features. I have a collection of rubbings 
 of these brasses which was commenced in the year 1846, 
 and I have added thereto several within the last few 
 years, and have increased the number as opportunities 
 occurred, and I have succeeded in making my collection 
 now complete for the whole county. The brasses are 
 mostly mentioned in the County Histories of Chauncy 
 and Cussans, from which books I have derived much in- 
 formation, as well as from Boutell's and Haines' works 
 on "Monumental Brasses" and other sources. I find 
 that many persons have no idea what " brasses" are, 
 and are quite ignorant that at their feet in our churches 
 are to be seen effigies of those who flourished in their 
 district from 200 to 500 years ago. In some instances 
 perhaps only a short inscription tells us all we can 
 know of the individual whose name is inscribed on the 
 plate ; sometimes the figure only of a man with inscrip- 
 tion ; and sometimes he is accompanied by that of his 
 wife, and occasionally two wives; and in many instances 
 the whole of the family, comprising man, woman, and 
 children, are pourtrayed, and often also accompanied by 
 shields showing the quarterings of the families from 
 which the man and wife have descended. These brasses 
 are of various sizes ; at St. Albans Abbey is a very 
 large one to the memory of -Abbot Delamere larger than 
 life size, and we find them full size, half size, and 
 sometimes very small, but none the less interesting in 
 their details. 
 
 It requires perseverance when hunting for brasses in 
 our churches, and it is very easy to overlook some of 
 them, as sometimes they are lying on the original slabs 
 securely fixed, and often are placed for security against 
 the walls and in vestries after getting loose from the 
 floors or from having been removed in course of altera- 
 tions or repairs to the church. In one instance the 
 whole of the brasses belonging to a village church 
 were found in a box in the tower when tiie church was 
 rebuilt, and are now fastened to the walls of the building. 
 At anfjther village tlie church was lately restored, 
 and the brasses therein were removed from their stones 
 and are now at the rectory, to be replaced at a future 
 time. At Sawhridgeworth several have been buried in 
 
 consequence 
 
 of the floors of the church having been 
 raised and 
 
 removed. At St. Andrew's, Hertford, an inscription 
 was dug up in course of excavating which was visible 
 in 1700. In one village I enquired of the church clerk, 
 who is a tradesman of respectability and intelligence, 
 if there were any brasses in the church, and he answered 
 " No ; " and on my expressing an opinion that I thought 
 there were some, he rather indignantly asked me if I 
 doubted his word, when of course 1 told him that he 
 ought to know, being an official. However, I obtained 
 the keys, and on searching I found two shields and one 
 inscription and the indents of another and took rubbings 
 of them and returned to the clerk and showed them to him 
 and he was astonished, as he said he had never seen 
 them, and he also told me he did not know where the 
 missing plate was as it had been removed when the 
 organ was put up, and I went to the village carpenter 
 and found it in his workshop, and he said he should be 
 glad to get rid of it, and I advised him to return it to 
 the church, which he did a short time afterwards. At 
 another village the pew opener said there were "no 
 brasses there," but on further inspection on removing 
 the matting, where there was " plenty of dust," 
 we found a capital brass of a man and family and 
 inscription, etc. In all probability many brasses are 
 hidden by pews as they are often discovered when 
 churches are reseated, and at times when repairs are 
 going on the brasses are apt to be knocked about, and 
 often get removed from their stones and occasionally 
 are lost, and bricklayers' labourers are not the most 
 careful individuals, and in nearly every church can be 
 seen indents in the stones from which the brasses have 
 been removed, and only the outlines now remain to show 
 where, in some cases, there originally existed curious 
 and splendid specimens. Some brasses are very much 
 worn and disfigured and partly defaced in consequence 
 of their having been laid where they were being 
 continually walked upon, and it requires great care and 
 a certain amount of perseverance to decipher some 
 of the inscriptions, as in the early ones the words have 
 been contracted very much, and abbreviations of many 
 descriptions are very general, and it is very easy to make 
 mistakes in translating those in Latin or early English, 
 and occasionally a word is thought to mean something 
 totally difTercnt from what it really does, on account of 
 its peculiarity of construction, and it is quite necessary
 
 ( 
 
 ) 
 
 to be very careful when taking rubbings, so that all 
 marks and coiitractious are correctly copied, as an 
 omission of a stroke may alter the sense of the in- 
 scription. 
 
 We hear sometimes of brasses being restored, and we 
 have an instance at Watton in the large one of Sir 
 John lie Paletoot, which, in 1846, had lost the legs 
 from the knees downwards and part of the canopy, but 
 when the church was repaired about 1850, the legs and 
 canopy were made complete and an inscription added, 
 and it isdithcult now to discern any difference between 
 the old and new parts. The effigies engraved upon the 
 brasses vary much in shape, style of dress, and position. 
 We find priests in full canonicals as they were dressed 
 when they officiated at their services, sometimes 
 surrounded by a canopy decorated with emblematic 
 figures, sometimes holding in the hands a chalice to 
 denote their calling. The fine Delamere brass at St. 
 Albans Abbey has a large figure of the Abbot with his 
 pastoral staff, and dressed in priestly vestments, which 
 are very elaborate, and surrounded by figures of apostles, 
 martyrs, and others. We also have knights in armour, 
 in full fighting costume, with their helmets at their 
 luads, and also merchants in robes, and civilians in 
 their various style of attire betokening the age in which 
 they lived, moved, and had their being, sometimes a 
 man only, and sometimes hand in hand with his wife, 
 and at Standon we see a man and his son and family ; 
 occasionally the figures are kneeling, and often we find 
 effigies of women encased in shrouds tied at the head 
 and feet ; and many figures have at their feet the 
 images uf dogs, hedgehogs, and other animals. 
 
 Slany of the brasses have inscriptions fixed in the 
 stones with them denoting and describing the in- 
 dividuals whose memories they are intended to per- 
 petuate, although a great many are missing from their 
 positions, and only indents in the stones show whence 
 they have been removed. These inscriptions are very 
 various and often very laudatory of the virtues of the 
 deceased, which seem particularly out of place to readers 
 of the nineteenth century. Some of the old inscriptions 
 are written in Xorman French, and some in Latin, 
 and the words are characterised by many abbreviations 
 which puzzle the unlearned. Some commence with 
 " Ici Gist," and progress with time to " Hie Jacet," 
 and ''Here lyeth" to "Here lieth ; " some have 
 " Orate pro Anima " or "Animabus," as the case may 
 be, the defunct evidently wishing that posterity would 
 do for them what they had perhaps neglected to do for 
 themselves, and some inscriptions wind up with an ex- 
 pression somewhat similar to that which a judge 
 makes use of when he has sentenced a criminal 
 to death, such as the Latin for " on whose 
 soul may God have mercy.'' etc., but we occasiomilly 
 find that this last phrase has been cut from 
 the plate and sometimes only partly removed and chased 
 through, so as to coincide with the views held at 
 the time of the Reformation. Sometimes the date of 
 the death is found to be omitted, especially where the 
 wife died before her husband, in which case the man's 
 would be inserted first and his wife's follow 
 
 with the date of her death, leaving his to be filled in 
 when his time came, but very often this was neglected. 
 These inscriptions are useful to the compilers of county 
 histories or pedigrees, as they show the notabilities of 
 the neighbourhood at the various periods, some of whose 
 names are still in existence in the district, although 
 often altered and corrupted. In many brasses between 
 the figures is seen a' scroll with a sentence upon it, as 
 if issuing from the mouth, and those of ecclesiastics 
 are sometimes accompanied by a " bleeding heart." 
 
 The oldest brass of which we have record in this 
 county is one at Much Hadhara, a d. 1280, now lost, to 
 the memory of Simon Flambard, a rector of that place. 
 The oldest existing are at Great Berkhamsted, of 
 Richard and Margaret Torrington, a.d. 1349, 1356. 
 The earliest extant brass is found at Nerden, North 
 Germany, dated 1231. In Gloucester Cathedral is a fine 
 brass to the memory of Rev. Herbert Haines, who died 
 in 1873, and who was the compiler of a work on brasses, 
 which is very valuable to the antiquarian as a book of 
 reference. 
 
 One of the interesting features of brasses is that some 
 of them are palimpsests, that is, they have been used 
 twice ; and when a brass is found loose it should have 
 the pitch, &c. removed from the back and thoroughly 
 examined. Those at Bayford have the reverses chased, 
 and on one is part of a shrouded figure of a much 
 earlier date ; at St. Albans Abbey the back of a portion 
 of one is engraved with a figure with an animal at the 
 feet; while at Walkern a small plate with an inscrip- 
 tion on the one side dated a.d. 1581, has on the reverse 
 part of an inscription with the date a.d. 1370, and the 
 name of the man to whose memory it was originally 
 placed on his tomb in a church in London, and several 
 others there are engraved on both sides. It seems to 
 have been a common practice in former times to utilise 
 the then existing brasses. The head dresses of some 
 female figures are also very fine, and the different 
 modes of wearing the hair, both in males and females, 
 are curious, and denote the fashion of the time ; also 
 the wearing of ornaments, rosettes, wimples, kerchiefs, 
 and other articles. In some places crosses only were 
 fixed in the stones, sometimes simply plain and some 
 floriated, of large size, but; most of them have dis- 
 appeared and have gone tlie way of old metal, and the 
 matrices now only remain to show their former position. 
 In Dr. Brewer's "Phrase and Fable," p. 691, it is 
 stated under the heiid of " Monumental Effigies " : — 
 " In the age of chivalry the woman in monumental 
 brasses and effigies is placed on the man's right hand, 
 but when chivalry declined she was placed on his left 
 hand side. Figures with their hands on their breasts 
 with chalices represent priests, and those with crozier, 
 mitre, and pontificals, are prelates. Figures with 
 armour represent knights ; female figures with mantle 
 and large rings represent nuns. Brasses are for the 
 most part subsequent to the thirteenth century. 
 Capital letters and Latin inscriptions are of the first 
 twelve centuries ; Lombardic capitals and French in- 
 scriptions are of the thirteenth century ; German text 
 insciiptions are of the fourteenth century ; English and
 
 ( 
 
 ) 
 
 Eoman print inscriptions subsequent to the fourteenth 
 century. Tablets against the wall came in with the 
 Reformation." 
 
 There are many interesting peculiarities relating to 
 brasses which a collector of rubbings cannot fail to 
 notice. The position of the male figure should be on 
 the left side of the female, but at Great Berkhamsted the 
 figures are reversed, and also at Digswell, and at Letch' 
 worth, St. Albans Abbey, Furneaux Felhara, and Ickle- 
 ford. At Great Berkhamsted and Stanstead Abbotts we 
 have examples of the man holding his wife's hand, although 
 at the former place part of the arm is lost, yet the 
 hands are in each other's, and at the British Museum, 
 where can be seen a collection of rubbings in the Print 
 Room which were taken in 1782, and were bequeathed 
 by Mr. Douce, this fine brass is perfect. At Staudon 
 we find brasses of a man and his son, and (I think 
 this is the only instance in the county) each have children. 
 There are several brasses to men with one wife. 
 and at Aldenham, Rickmansworth, Great Hadham, 
 Abbott's Langley, King's Langley, Newuham, Eadwell, 
 Offiey, Ware, Sawbridgeworth, Barkway, and Brent 
 Pelham, we find them with two wives ; while at Hitchin, 
 Offley, and Aldenham can be seen effigies of three wives, 
 and it is noticed that there is a similarity of features 
 among the plurality of wives betokening that the 
 Deceased Wife's Sister's Bill may have been in opera- 
 tion in those days. In Salmon's History of Herts are 
 mentioned brasses to a man and four wives at Standon, 
 but they are not now to be seen. At Brent Pelham the 
 two wives are without a husband, and at Aldenham the 
 husband is lost and the two wives remain. Children 
 are found in abundance : the efligies of boys are placed 
 under the man, and the girls at the foot of the woman, 
 and mostly ranged step by step. At Aldenham one lady 
 has a solitary daughter, and another family consists 
 of twelve children ; and at Wormley we find eleven 
 and twelve children respectively, and many other 
 places have as many and more, while at Ware a 
 man's two wives each has five sons and five daughters. 
 When children die before their parents they are shown 
 on the brass as lying down, as found at St. Peter's, St. 
 Albans. At Essendon the father, mother, and children 
 are kneeling with a table in front and books thereon, 
 and at Wyddial a lady is holding an open book inscribed 
 with a text. At Rickmansworth a man holds a book and 
 a staff. A woman kneeling at Cheshunt. Man, wife and 
 children all kneeling at Aspenden, IppoUitls, Furneaux 
 Pelham, Redbourne and Harpenden. Some of the figures 
 have been surrounded by a canopy, but they have mostly 
 got sadly mutilated. At St. Albans Abbey the Abbot 
 Delamere has a very fine one. At Royston is a single 
 one, and also at Flanistcad, while portions of double 
 canopies are at Watton, North Minims, Great Berk- 
 hamsted, Furneaux ]'elham ; and of triple ones at 
 Cbeshunt and St. Albans Abbey, 
 
 Inscriptions are often found unfinished, as at St. 
 Albans Abbey the Delamere brass was evidently designed 
 by the Abbot Delamere, and it was engraved during his 
 lifetime and fixed in all probability t) the stone, and a 
 portion of the inscription only was placed on it, leaving the 
 
 remainder of the sentence to be added after his decease, 
 which was not done. Where a wife died before her 
 husband it is found that a brass was engraved and fixed 
 with the efligies of the man, his wife, and perhaps some 
 children, and an inscription to the memory of 
 the man and his wife, with the date of the wife's 
 death, and a small space left for the date of 
 the man's decease to be inserted, which has often 
 been neglected to be done, as at Broxbourne, 
 Buckland (wife), Hitchin (wife), Kelshall (both man 
 and wife), Aspenden (wife). Ware, Standon, Stevenage, 
 Watford, Shephall. Many inscriptions are missing, and 
 many more are mutilated. 
 
 At Broxbourne two small mottoes alone remain 
 belonging to a fine brass which is engraved in Haines' 
 book, and was in existence in 1840. Three servants 
 are engraved on one brass at Watford, one brass is used 
 for a man, wife, and children at Essendon, 
 Stanstead and Watford, and man and two wives at 
 Rickmansworth, but generally each figure is on a 
 separate brass. At Albury is engraved a death's 
 head above the figure of a man, and at Hunsdon on a 
 death's sign brass is a figure of a skeleton striking a 
 man with a dart. At Aldenham and King's Langley 
 we read the date of the burial of a man, and at Great 
 Berkhamsted we are informed of the cause of a person's 
 death in an inscription, and at Hunsdon we meet with 
 the same circumstance. Inscriptions to the memory of 
 the deceased do not show that more than one christian 
 name was in use for either men or women, and these 
 are very similar, and at Baldock a modern inscription has 
 been fixed to the memory of a man, on a stone on which is 
 the upper portion of the figure of a woman. The arms 
 of the city of London are shown on a brass at Hadham 
 (Great), and the Royal Arms at Sawbridgeworth and 
 Standon. 
 
 Some of the figures on the brasses are shown wrapped 
 in shrouds or winding-sheets. At Hitchin are several 
 of these, and also at Aldenham, Digswell, Baldock, 
 Sawbridgeworth, Hunsdon and Great Berkhamsted. 
 Animals are engraved at the feet of many of the 
 effigies. At Digswell is a pelican, at Sandon, a bull 
 (which is also on the coat of arms of the man repre- 
 sented) ; at Digswell also, a hedgehog ; at Hitchin, a 
 hawk; at North Minims, a stag ; at Digswell, a leopard ; 
 at Hemel Hempstead, a wolf; at Watton, a lion and a 
 dog ; dogs also at Sawbridgeworth, Albury, Little 
 Hadham, St. Albans Abbey, St. Michael's and St. 
 Stephen's, St. Albans, Broxbourne (missing), Baldock 
 (missing). Great Berkhamsted, Kimpton, Sandon, 
 Harpenden, Wheathampstead, Hemel Hempstead, and 
 Fnrneaux Pelham. Swans are found engraved on the 
 collar at Digswell, and at Broxbourne are " suns," also 
 at St. Albans Abbey ; and roses at Aston. Scrolls with 
 inscriptions or labels issuing from the mouth, generally of 
 priests, are at St. Albans Abbey, Broxbourne, Ilinxworth, 
 Digswell, Buckland (lost), Clothall, Hunsdon, and 
 Aspeden. At Letchworth were three scrolls, only two 
 now remain. At Walkern was a scroll with a hand, 
 now lost. At Flamstead a circular scroll from the 
 mouth of a priest and from the mouths of children, all
 
 ) 
 
 lost, also at Furneaus Pelham. Hearts are found at 
 Sawbridgeworth, St. Albans Abbey, Letcbworth, 
 Hitcbiu, Willian, and Stocking I'elbam. Crosses are 
 not very numerous. At Royston is a plain one without 
 inscription, and many other places have stones with 
 matrices, showing that they formerly possessed them. 
 At St. Michael's, St. Albans, is a suiall figure of a 
 man in a portion of the head of a cross. The figures 
 of saints and evangelists are engraved on the large 
 Delamere brass at St. Albans Abbey, and at North 
 Mimms and Knebworth. At Digswell and Broxbourne 
 are shown the emblems of the evangelists, and tlie lamb 
 and cross at St. Albans Abbey. The Holy Trinity at 
 Clothall, ^Yormleybu^y, and Flamstead (lost). Mer- 
 chants are designated by the trade mark showing they 
 belonged to the Staple of Calais, at Standon, Hitchin, 
 Digswell, and St. Albans Abbey (2), and other trade 
 marks at Great Hadhara (Mercers), Standon (Merchant 
 Tailors) and Hinxworth. A huntsman at Hunsdon 
 and Baldock. A sergeant of stagUounds is mentioned 
 at Shephall. 
 
 Many brasses and inscriptions are lost which a few 
 years ago were in existence, as at Broxbourne, Great 
 Berkhamsted, Walkern, Eastwick, Aldenham, Wormley, 
 Layston, and Ayott St. Lawrence. More care is now 
 taken of them than formerly, and when they are found 
 loose, on a church being repaired, it is usual to fix them 
 on a wall, as seen at Wyddial, Essendon, Bayford, East- 
 wick, Watford, Baldock, Bennington. Walkern, Amwell, 
 Great Berkhamsted, Hatfield, and Clothall. At Saw- 
 bridgeworth some brasses have been buried with the 
 stones to which they are fixed, and at St. Andrew's, 
 Hertford, an inscription was found buried, and is now 
 fixed in the floor of the centre aisle. At St. Peter's, 
 St. Albans, and at Royston, seme are found in a cup- 
 board in the vestr}'. Those at Flamstead were once 
 buried, and disinterred about thirty years ago. Bene- 
 factors to churches or founders of them have brasses at 
 Great Berkhamsted, Cheshunt, Barley, Aspeden, and 
 Furneaux Pelham. Palimpsests are found at Walkern, 
 Bayford, St. Albans Abbey, Great Berkhamsted, King's 
 Langley, and St. Peter's, St. Albans. At St. Albans 
 Abbey a knight in armour is shown with his helmet at 
 his head, and also at St. Michael's, St. Albans, Little 
 Hadham, Xorth Mimms, Sandon, and Aldbury. At 
 Redbourn the helmet is on the floor, near a man kneel- 
 ing. At Bayford a shield has a " tun " upon it for 
 " Knighton " ; at Tewin a shield with three " picks " 
 for " Pigott " ; at St. Michael's, St. Albans, a shield 
 with a '' peacock " for " Pekok " ; at Redbourn also ; 
 at Wormley a shield with a "cock" for "Cok"; at 
 Hitchin a shield with two " hearts " for " Hert," and 
 a shield with a "hawk" for " Sparrowhawk " ; at 
 Watton a shield with a "tun" for "Acton." 
 Brasses to servants are at Watford, All Saints, Hert- 
 fiird, Aston, North Mimms (missing), and Standon, 
 Rosaries are seen at Buckland, Standon, Wormley, 
 Hinxworth, and Radwell. A brass to a child formerly 
 was at North Mimms. Brasses are found at Hitchin, 
 Ofliey, &c., which were engraved by the same artist^ as 
 can be seen from the similarity of the figures on them. 
 
 The age of the deceased is not often mentioned, but 
 can be fouud at Hitchin, Hunsdon, Cheshunt, Aston, 
 Bennington, North Mimms, St. Peter's, St. Albans 
 (lost), Ardcley, Walkern, Essendon, Tewin, Albury, 
 Abbotts Langley, Bishop Stortford, Baldock, Great 
 Hadham, Hatfield, Watford, Ashwell, Newnhara, 
 Brent Pelham, Bovingdon, Radwell, IppoUitts, Wyddial, 
 and Barley. No deformities are pourtrayed on the 
 brasses, and a man and his wife, or wives, are nearly 
 always of the same height. A difference exists at St. 
 Michael's, St. Albans. Gypcieres are worn on figures 
 at Aspenden, Baldock, Kelshall, Buckland, Standon, 
 Aldbury, Great Gaddesden, Radwell, and Hinxworth. 
 Figures have been repaired or restored at Watton 
 and Rickmansworth. Quaintness and peculiarity of 
 expression are at Wormley, " Passed to God," &c. ; 
 Bennington, " Chaunged his lilfe " ; Hertford (All 
 Saints), " Trespassa," &c., "Icy gyst," &c., "Hie 
 jacet," &c. ; Aldenham, " Departed and gone " ; Buck- 
 land, " Resteth the body of" ; Great Hadham, ditto: 
 Kelshall, " Her lyeth the bones of" ; Kings Langley, 
 "Here lyeth interred the corps of" ; Walkern, 
 " Vermibus esca datur " (given as food for worms) ; 
 Sawbridgewortli, ditto ; Walkern, " Exchanged this 
 life for immortality," "Here rests," "Here lyeth 
 buried, &c. ; Standon, " Sepulti in gratia et misericordia 
 Dei" &c. ; Watford, " Gave hissoule to God " ; Barley, 
 "Yielded up her spirit" ; Wyddial, "Made a most 
 godly end," " Departed this world " ; Hatfield, 
 " Fynnished the course of this mortall lyfe." On 
 brasses with effigies of the children of the deceased the 
 boys are generally dressed alike, and the girls also wear 
 similar costumes to each other, but a difference is shown 
 at St. Peters, St. Albans, Offley, and Newnham. 
 
 The method of taking rubbings of brasses is very 
 simple. The " Douce " collection in the British 
 Museum seems to have been made by squeezing damp 
 paper into the lines of the brass, and thus taking an 
 inipression, and when dry tlie lines were blackened with 
 ink ; the rubbings are perfect and accurate, but they 
 show white paper with black lines only, whereas the 
 usual method of the present day is to lay a sheet 
 of white paper on the brass and rub it with 
 heelball, or pouchball, which gives a black impression 
 with white lines. Another collection in the British 
 Museum has been done on common wall papers, the 
 patterns of which are to be seen on the backs. The 
 Society of Antiquaries also possesses a large number of 
 rubbings. 
 
 The names of the man's parents are mentioned at St. 
 Peter's, St., Albans. Brasses to children of both of a 
 man's wives are seen at Ware, Kings Langley, and 
 Offley, and to one wife only at Newnham. Baptism is 
 mentioned at Aldenham. Names of children are given 
 at Sandon, Barkway, Albury (1), Hertingfordbury (1), 
 Knebworth, St. Peter's, St. Albans, Ware (1), Watford,^ 
 Newnham, Bennington, Berkhamsted, and Digswell. 
 At Clothall is an inscription to a lady who had six sons 
 and ten daughters, and the same is mentioned in the 
 inscription other husband, who married again and was 
 buried in Walkern Church 18 years' afterwards. The
 
 ( 
 
 ) 
 
 trade of the man is mentioned at Albury, Hitchin, St. 
 Albans Abbey (2), St. Peter's, St. Albans, Walkern, 
 Hunsdon, Aldbury, Ash well, and Ippollitts. The day of 
 the week upon which the deceased person died is noticed 
 at Hatfield (2), and the place of death is mentioned at 
 Braughing. The uncertainty of the time of death is 
 found at Hitchin. The term of duration of married 
 life is seen at Hertingfordbury and Essendon. At 
 Braughing a man is described as a " batchelor," at 
 "Wheathampstead, Shephall, and Radwell, a "gentle- 
 man," and at Wormley a " yeoman." Similarity of 
 dresses between man and wife are found at Hitchin and 
 Wheathampstead. The name of the sovereign reigning 
 at the time of decease is mentioned at Hitchin, 
 Braughing, Aspeden, Wyddial, Harpenden, Eastwick, 
 Standon, Essendon, Aston, Clothall, All Saints, Hertford, 
 and Wheathampstead. Two children belonging 
 to a family are found having the same Christian 
 name at St. Peter's, St. Albans, Sandon, and Newnham. 
 Eings worn on the fingers are found at Wheathamp- 
 stead, St. AUians Abbey, and Furneaux Pelham 
 Figures wearing armour are seen at Albury, Bayford, 
 Aspeden, Broxbourne, Great Berkhamsted, Digswell, 
 Little Hadham, Knebworth, St. Albans Abbey, St. 
 Michael's and St. Stephen's, St. Albans, Sandon, Saw- 
 bridgeworth, Standon, XorthMimms,Watton,Redbourn, 
 "W^heathampstead, Aldbury,Herael Hempstead, and Fur- 
 neaux Pelham. A separate inscription is found at Shep- 
 hall to the wife of a man, her name being also mentioned 
 in the inscription of the husband. Children wearing 
 swords are at Wormley. Brasses to ecclesiastics are 
 at Amwell, Ardeley, Broxbourne, Buckland, Cheshunt, 
 Clothall, Little Hadham, Great Hadham, Hitchin, 
 Knebworth, Letch worth, North Mimms, Eoyston, St. 
 Albans Abbey, Stevenage, Watton. Flamstead, Wormley 
 (lost), Eadwell, Hinxworth, Willian, and Barley. 
 Heraldic dresses are found at Aldbury, Aspeden, 
 Furneaux Pelham, and Sawbridgeworth. Brasses to 
 a man and wife and their son (a priest) at Radwell 
 and Hinxworth. Inscriptions in Norman-French are 
 at Clieshunt, Hertford (All Saints), Hertingfordbury, 
 North Mimms, Great Hadham, Watton, and Hemel 
 Hempstead. The position of the grave wherein the 
 deceased is buried is mentioned at Ippollitts. A brass to 
 a widow is seen at Watford and Furneaux Pelham. 
 Brasses fixed during the lifetime of the person are at 
 St. Albans Abbey, Stevenage, and Kelshall. The date 
 of the year is omitted in inscriptions at Ickleford and 
 Berkhamsted. Brasses to a lady and her husband and 
 a friend of the same name as her husband (perhaps his 
 father) were formerly on one stone at Watton, and to 
 two wives without a husbaud at Brent Pelham. Half- 
 length figures are at Ickleford, Great Hadham, Letch- 
 worth, and Wyddial. 
 
 ABBOTT'S LANGLEY. 
 On floor of chancel aisle. 
 
 I.— Two women, inscription under, three boys and 
 three girls. 
 
 " Here lieth Eauffe Horwode Elissabeth and Joone 
 
 his wyff the which Eauffe Discessid the xxv day of 
 September the yere of our Lorde Gode A Thowsand 
 cccclxxxxviij on " 
 
 The figures of the two ladies are small, and they 
 both wear kerchiefs hanging over their shoulders, and 
 gauntlets. Haines mentions the husband's brass as 
 existing in 1861, but it was gone in 1882. 
 On floor of nave. 
 
 II.— Man and two wives and inscription. 
 
 '* Here lieth the bodie of Thomas Cogdell of this 
 parrishe yeoman who had 2 wives viz Jane & Alice. 
 Hee deceased ye 12 dale of February Ano Dni 1607 
 beinge of ye age of 83 yeares who lyeth here in peace 
 in the state of corruption untill Jesus Christ shall come 
 to restore y^ same in the glorious libertie of all his 
 Saints to immortalitie and life everlastinge." 
 
 The man is bareheaded, and has a beard, and wears 
 a long garment ; the two wives wear hats, and are 
 exactly alike in features and dress. Cussans gives an 
 illustration of one of them as an example of the dress 
 of a wife of a yeoman in good circumstances in the 
 early part of the reign of James I. 
 
 III. — Haines gives " No. III., a lady about 1570. 
 but the brasses of the husband, three sons, and in- 
 scription lost." None of these are to be seen. 
 
 IV. — Haines also gives No. IV., an inscription, 
 which is noticed by Chauncy and Clutterbuck, but is 
 now missing, and an indent of a man in armour only 
 remains. 
 
 "Here lieth Eobert Nevyll and Elj^n his wyff, the 
 which Robert deccessed the 28th of Aprill, the yeare of 
 oure Lord God 1475. This world is but a vanitye ; 
 to-day a man, to-morrow none." 
 
 Eobert Nevill was connected with the Manor of 
 Micklefield Hall, Eickmansworth, in 1475. 
 
 ALBUEY. 
 
 On south ivalL 
 I.— Brass of a man and bis wife, with inscription 
 
 over 
 
 " Vna fides fajdvsqu vnvra conivnxit vtrosq 
 
 Mors vno tvmlo ivngit et una dvos 
 Sic qvos ivnxit amor, mors non seivngit at vno 
 
 Ecce iacent tvmvlo qui iacvere toro 
 Synceraj fidei fvit alter, et altera testis 
 Charvs vterq: viris gratvs vterq: deo." 
 One son and five daughters under, and inscription. 
 " In obitvm viri clariss: Tho: Leventhorpi de 
 Aldebury armigeri bis vicom: com: Hertf: 
 Defvncti 8 die Jvnii A° Dui 1588 .Etatis svre 6— 
 Necnon chariss sv;b conivgis Dorotiie fill — 
 Et coharoedis Will: Barlee de Aldebvr — 
 
 Armigeri defvncti 
 
 Qv!C qvidem Dor: obiit 4° Januarii 1574." 
 
 This Thomas Leventhorpe was twice High Sheriff of 
 
 the county, and was connected with the Leventhorpe's 
 
 who are buried at Sawbridgeworth ; and perhaps his 
 
 on, also Thomas Leventhorpe, by a will dated 1594
 
 ( 
 
 ) 
 
 a;ave some property in London to the vicar and poor of 
 Albury. 
 
 Near pulpit. 
 
 II. — Miin in armonr (with dog- at his feet) and his 
 wile, with crest above and four daugliters underneath 
 the lady. The inscription and brass of the sons are 
 gone. 
 
 Cu^sans has an engraving, omitting the children, and 
 he Siiys that the crest resembles that of the Fanshawe 
 family, but he could not trace any connection between 
 that house and Albury. Tlie lady's head-dress is 
 similar to that of Lady Say at Broxbourne, and he 
 gives the date as about 1475. . 
 
 On floor of nave. 
 
 III. — xV brass engraved with the figures of a man in 
 armour with his wife, and one child standing between 
 them, who was evidently "Master Edwarde" mentioned 
 below. At the top corners of the stone are two shields, 
 and under tlie figures is an inscription. 
 
 " Here lyeth Ihon Scrogs, Gentleman 
 The Sonne of Frances Scrogs Esquire 
 Levinge issve Edwarde Scrogs. He 
 Deceased the 18 of Avgvst 1592." 
 Above the brass is iilso a skull with inscription under, 
 
 " Memento mori." 
 The Scroggs family were numerous in the neighbour- 
 hood, and Cussans mentions the name as late as 1710 
 and 1737, and gives a pedigree of them, 
 at Patmore Hall, in the parish of Albury 
 a Lord Chief Justice Scroggs in 1679. 
 
 They lived 
 There was 
 
 On south ivall of chancel. 
 
 IV. — Two shields and inscription under. 
 
 " Anne Barley daughter of Henry Barley Esquier 
 late wyfe of Phillip Gunterof Loiid5 Skynner deceased 
 hath gyven for ever to be receyved out of one half^ of 
 ye lande of ye Manor of Bromley Lienge in the pishe 
 of Standen iii. pound a yere viz. lij. shillinge yerely 
 bvxij^ pence every Sunday in bread to ye poore of 
 this pishe 1 vi. shillinge to a preacher for a sermon at 
 Easter xij. pence to ye vicar of this pishe, % vi. pence 
 a yere to either Churchwarden of this pishe for their 
 paynes to see ye distribucio of ye said money yerely." 
 
 This money is now all given annually in bread, fuel, 
 and clothing for the poor. It formerly was distributed 
 every Sunday according to the bequest on the tomb of 
 the donor. 
 
 On north icall of chancel. 
 
 X. — Three shields of arms, which, according to 
 Cussans, are those of Leventhorp impaling Barley, 
 Gunter, and Lytton, showing that these families were 
 all connected by marriage. 
 
 Cussans notices all these brasses, and Haines gives 
 Xos. I. and III., while Chauncy mentions No. I. 
 only. 
 
 Haines says " that at the British Museum is an 
 inscription to John Bowes, rector of ' Aldebury,' 1517," 
 but the list of vicars of Albury does not give this name, 
 as the records are imperfect. 
 
 ALDBURY. 
 I. — Man, wife, children, and four shields. These 
 brasses represent Sir Ralph Verney and Elizabeth his 
 wife, and their nine sons and three daughters. They 
 are fixed upon an altar tomb, and are in a good state 
 of preservation. On the sides of the tomb were 
 originally six shields, which, with the inscriptions, are 
 missing. Sir Ealph is represented as being in a com- 
 plete suit of armour, with his head resting upon a 
 helmet, and his arms are engraved on his tabard. The 
 lady is dressed in a long robe, with a mantle elaborately 
 emblazoned with the arms of Whittingham and also of 
 her father, Edmund Lord Bray, and the mantle is 
 fastened at her neck by a cord reaching to her feet 
 with two tassels ; her head-dress is plain, and has long 
 strings behind. The nine boys are all dressed alike in 
 plain robes, and are all shown of the same height, 
 instead of the usual plan of graduating from large to 
 small. The three girls are also plainly dressed. The 
 four shields all bear in various forms the quarterings of 
 Verney and Bray. Haines gives the date 1546-7, and ' 
 Clutterbuck, in his History of Herts, has a good en- 
 graving of the brasses. 
 
 The family of Verney held the Manor of Pendley 
 in this parish, and lived at the Manor house. The 
 above-named Sir Ralph died in April, 1546, and the 
 iManor came to his eldest son, who died without issue, 
 and it then fell to the eldest surviving brother. Sir 
 Edmund Verney, who sold it, and died 11th Jan., 1599. 
 Cussans says : " At King's Langley Church is a 
 mutilated tomb to a member of the Verney family and 
 his wife," which was erected to Sir Ralph Verney, 
 second son of Sir Ralph Verney, Lord Mayor of 
 London in 1465, and his wife, and was originally 
 erected in the old church of King's Langley, and was 
 removed to this church on the demolition of the former 
 building. In 1487 Ralph Verney, Esq., was appointed 
 keeper of the parks of Berkhampstead and King's 
 Langley. The burial place of the family was originally 
 at the Monastery of Ashridge, but the bodies in the 
 vault were removed to Aldbury Church in 1575, accord- 
 ing to an inscription on a brass plate. (See No. Ill ) 
 A brass in Quainton Church, Bucks, is to the memory 
 of Margery, wife of Sir Raufi^ Verney, 1509, with one 
 son and three daughters. She was daughter of John 
 Iwardby, Esq. Several of the name are buried in 
 Compton Verney, Warwickshire. 
 
 Un north pier of chancel. 
 II. — Young man, and inscription : — 
 " Hie JHCet Johes Havers filii henrice daver 
 Merceiiu londo q quide iolies obiit xsviij° 
 die Angustii A°din M°CCCC°Lxviij°cui aie ppiciet de." 
 The figure is very small, and is that of a young man 
 in a long robe ; he has pointed shoes, and wears a 
 gypciere. Cussans gives the name as " Daveis," but 
 Haines calls it " Havers." It is indistinct on the 
 plate, but is probably the latter, and may have been 
 connected with the family of Verney, as a brass is 
 in Compton Verney Church with inscription to the 
 memory of Richard Verney, Esq., 1536-7, and his wife 
 Anne (daughter of William Havers).
 
 ( 
 
 ) 
 
 III. — A brass plate and inscription, fixed in the 
 chapel in lo7'5, when it was built by Edmund, great 
 grandson of Sir John Verney, and the tomb and bodies 
 of his ancestors were then removed from Ashridge to 
 this chapel. 
 
 "This Monument was placed and erected in the 
 Monasterie of Ausheritch by Sr Robert Whittingham, 
 Knight, one of the privie counsaile to Kyng Henrie the 
 syxt & Treasourer in the warrs in Fraunce under the 
 duke of Bedford Regent there for ye said King Ilenrie 
 his Nephewe, which saide Sr Robert was after slaine at 
 the Battel of Teuxburie in the Countie of Glowster 
 and Sr John Verney knight who married dame M'garet, 
 ye dawgliter & sole heyre of this saide Sr Robert 
 "Whittingham knight, was after buried in the saide 
 Tombe, witli dame Margaret his ladie And Sr Ralph 
 Verney knight sonne and heyre to the aforesaide Sr 
 John Verney & dame Margaret was buried in the same 
 tombe with dame Anne his Lady wch tombe & bodies, 
 Edmund Verney the third son of Sr Ralph Verney the 
 yonger knight which lieth buried in the chauncell of 
 Aldeburie removed from Ausheritche the xviij. yeare of 
 the Raigne of our Soveraigne Ladie Queue Elizabeth 
 and made this Chappell with the vawlt wherein thoy 
 lie And after in the year 1 588 buried & laied there 
 in dame Audrey Carewe his late wyfe & so in this sort 
 cawsed it to be erected as due to the said Edmond who 
 by Lyneall discent ys able to prove yt appertayneth to 
 him & his Heires, as lawfull heyre to the saide Syr 
 Robert 'Whittingham knight." 
 
 Haines and Cussans mention all the above brasses, 
 but Chauiicy only refers to No. I., and calls the name 
 of this place "Albury." 
 
 ALDENHAM. 
 
 I. — A man in the dress of a civilian and bis wife, 
 who has a ruff round her neck and wears a brocaded 
 dress ; with inscription under. 
 
 " Here under this stone lyeth in hope of a joyfull and 
 glorious resurrection, the bodie of Edwarde Brisko of 
 Orgarhall in this parishe gent, sonne and heire of 
 Edwarde Brisko gent, who was likewise sone and heire 
 of Edward Brisko Gent, desended of the familie of the 
 Briskoes of Brisko &Crofton in the County of Cumber- 
 land Esqviers wch first mentined Edward Brisko haveinge 
 issue by Plelen his firste wife Edwarde Brisko his only 
 Sonne and heire who in the invocation of God's holy 
 name and full assvreance of his mercie ended this life 
 the xvith daye of Aprill Anno 1608. 
 
 Edwardus Brisko patri optimo ct carrissimo 
 Pietatis et observentio ergo M.P." 
 
 The Briscoe family resided in the neighbourhood of 
 Aldenham for many years, and the name appears 
 frequently in the registers of the church, and also at 
 Great Berkhamsted, and Cliauticy says " that the manor 
 of Pickets or Xewberry in this parish was held by 
 William Briscoe, one of the yeomen of the Guard, and 
 upon his death it came to Edward Briscoe his son and 
 heir, who is the present possessor hereof (1700)." 
 Haines ^o. X. 
 
 II. — A civilian and two wives, one on either side of 
 him, and at the foot of one wife is a small brass of one 
 son, and of the second wife are two daughters. The 
 inscription is gone, but Haines No. V. states the date 
 as about 1525. Both the women are habited alike in 
 the dress of the period, and the one on the right hand 
 has lost part of tlie head. 
 
 III. — A man in the robes of a civilian, without a 
 head, the inscription also missing. Haines No. II. 
 says about 1520. 
 
 IV. — A woman with brass of a child and part of 
 inscription. 
 
 " . . . . e of Jone VTarner late . . , 
 
 Jone decessyd the viiith 
 
 .... f our Lord God M° . ." 
 
 Cussans has no mention of this brass, but Haines 
 No. Vir. states "Jone Warner, 1535 or 1538, and 
 daughter and her husband William, 1531 (lost) and in- 
 scription mutilated." Chauncy gives inscription : — 
 
 "Here lyeth William Warner and Joan his Wif, 
 
 which AVilliam died 1531 and Joan 1588, on 
 
 whose Souls , . ." 
 
 V. — A civilian and wife. The feet of the man are 
 broken ofi^. Cussans gives engravings of the two 
 figures, and says that the costume belongs to the latter 
 part of the reign of Henry VII. The man's hair is 
 very straight and cut across the forehead. Haines 
 No. I. gives the date about 15'20, and says the inscrip- 
 tion is lost. 
 
 VI. — A woman, without any inscription. This brass 
 is in a very perfect state, and Cussans has an engraving 
 of it, and says the costume is that of a lady of the 
 middle class about the years 1480-1490. Haines, No. 
 VIII., gives the date about 1535, and mentions that 
 the figure was engraved by a London artist, and shows 
 the front of the skirt turned up and fastened by a band 
 passing round the hips, &c. 
 
 VII. — Man and three wives, inscription, and children. 
 The man seems to have had children by all his wives, 
 but nothing now remains of the brasses but portions 
 of two of the wives. Haines No. VI. gives the 
 number of children by each wife — nineteen in all. 
 Cussans also mentions the brasses of the third wife and 
 all the children, but after the church was repaired in 
 1882 these were found to be missing. Haines calls the 
 man a civilian of the date about 1525. 
 
 VIII. — Man and wife, two sons, and six daughters, i 
 The man is dressed as a civilian, and has his hair very ' 
 straight. The four brasses are well preserved, and ' 
 Cussans states they were found under the pews when 
 the church was restored in 1841. He gives the date as 
 about 1450, but Haines No. III. about 1520. i 
 
 IX. — Inscription, arms, and shield. 
 " Nicholas Chowne is buried heare a Gentilman and free 
 Of Haberdashers companie, in famous London cittie 
 Who lefte Elizabetbe his wyf, and children fewer alyve 
 Which he in wedlock had by her, his name for to revive 
 In lyf time he was loucd well and Chrystianlie he Died 
 Whose soule in faithfull Abrams brest we hope dothe 
 
 now abide."
 
 ( 
 
 8 
 
 ) 
 
 The brasses of the man and wife and four children 
 mentioned by Haines No. XI. of the year 1580, are 
 missing. Tlic four coats of arms are all alike, and 
 have upon each three thatcher's rakes, which are also 
 upon the shield with crest. Cussaus notes that 
 Nicholas Chowne was buried 11th August, 1569, and 
 that a Jane Chowen was married to John Puckering 
 on 21st February, 1568-9, and a Thomas, son of George 
 Chowen, gentleman, was baptised on 1st Dec, 1583. 
 
 X.— Man and six sons and tive daughters, the wife 
 and inscription gone. Haines No. lY. says he was a 
 civilian of about 1520. 
 
 XI.— Small figure of a woman in a winding sheet, 
 with inscription, the last line of which has been cut 
 off. 
 
 " Here under this marble stone lyethe Lucas Goodyere 
 Deptyd and gone yt. pleasyd the Lord God in Octobre 
 the xth day, she beying in chyld bed Decessyd wythout 
 naye, and Edmoud hir lytle sone lyethe hir by . . . 
 
 Haines No. IX. gives the date as 1547, and Chauncy 
 gives the last line — 
 
 " On whos Sowlys Jesu have mercy. 
 
 1547." 
 
 XII. — One shield and part of another is all that 
 remains on a large stone upon which is the matrix of 
 the brass of a man in armour. Cussans states that the 
 stone originally formed the cover of an altar tomb, and 
 that the arms on the shields are those of " Stepney," 
 which family were lords of the manor in the 16th 
 century. Chauncy gives an inscriptiou from " Weever " 
 which may have belonged to the tomb — 
 
 "Here'lyeth Ralph Stepny Esq , the first Lord of 
 the Lordship of this Town of Aldenham and Patron 
 of this Church who dyed 3 December, 1544, on whose 
 Sowl Jesu have Mercy. Amen." 
 
 Chauncy only notices Nos. I., IT., XI., and XII., 
 but gives in addition (now lost) — 
 
 " Here lyeth buried the Body of John Long, Salter 
 Citizen and Alderman of London and Dame Margery 
 his wife ; which John died the 6th day of July 
 MVCXXXVI, whose soul Jesus pardon." 
 
 Haines says "the brasses of these persons are lost, 
 but a rubbing is in the possessiou of Mr. J. B. Nichols." 
 He mentions all but No. XII. 
 
 Nos. I.-Y. and VII. are in the south chancel aisle. 
 No. XII. is within the altar rails, and the remainder 
 are in front of sacrarium steps. 
 
 GREAT AMWELL. 
 
 On ivall. 
 I. — Small brass to an ecclesiastic. Date about 1400. 
 There seems to have been five vicars of this church 
 between 1392 and 1409, and probably this brass com- 
 memorates one of them. 
 
 Over vestry door. 
 II. — A small brass plate with arms and inscription. 
 Within a bordure charged with eight estoilles ; on a 
 
 canton a lion rampant ; differenced with an annulet for 
 Mankes. 
 
 " Here lyeth interred ye body of Anthony Mankes, 
 vicar of Amwell, who died the 28 of August, 1684." 
 4th chapter of Proverbs, 18th verse (in Greek). 
 
 Anthony Mankes was instituted as vicar iu 1683. 
 
 Under toiver. 
 
 III. — A small figure of a man (with head missing), 
 and a wife on each side of him, and figures of seven 
 children, fuur boys and three girls, by the first wife, 
 and the matrix only of one child by the second wife, 
 but nothing to show who they represent. 
 
 Chauncy mentions the following as being extant at 
 the time of his writing the history of the county, but 
 they are not now to be seeu, and are probably covered 
 over by pews : — 
 
 " Infra jacet sepultus Gulielmus Hawling hujus 
 Ecclesite Vicarius; qui obiit Febr. 7, Anno Salutis 
 1682-3, Annoq Domini .3^tatis suse 75." 
 
 " Thomas Hassel, Vicarius Amwellensis T.H.V., ac 
 pro infinita infinitam tu habes vitam aliam sjjiravit 
 Anno Domini 1573. Respiravit annos 84. Exspiravit 
 anno 1657. In .iEternam vivat et valeat." 
 
 William Hawling was appointed vicar in 1660, and 
 Thomas Hassell in 1599. The latter has noted in the 
 Burial Register that the parish was infested with a 
 plague in 1603, and that he buried a large number of 
 the inhabitants who died from its ravages. 
 
 None of the above are mentioned in Haines's 
 " Manual of Monumental Brasses." 
 
 ARDELET. 
 On tvall of chancel. 
 I. — Figure of a priest in robes of office, and in- 
 scription. 
 
 " Hie jacet philippus Metcalff'e legum bacalarius 
 dudum vicarius hujus ecclesife qui obiit xxix. die 
 Junii A° diii M° vcxv. cui ane propicietur deus." 
 The last four words have been defaced to render 
 them illegible, but they can be traced as above. 
 Philip Metcalfe was vicar from 1492 to 1515, and 
 was one of the witnesses to the will of Leonard Hyde, 
 Esqr., of Throcking, Herts, who died in 1508 or 1509. 
 Under chancel arch. 
 
 II. — A man and his wife, with four sons and two 
 daughters, and inscription. The man is clothed in a 
 long plain gown, and the woman wears a figured petti- 
 coat, peaked stomacher, and ruff. 
 
 " Here lyeth the body of Thomas Shotbolt, late of 
 this Towne of Yardiy, Esqr., and Mary, his wife, the 
 secoude Daughter of Sr John Boteler, of Watton 
 Woodhall, Knight, who had issue fowre sonnes and two 
 davghters. He died the ixt'i day of June in the yeare 
 of our Lord God 1599, and in the yeare of his age 72." 
 
 Also arms and crests of Shoibolt and Boteler. 
 Thomas Shotbolt in 1545 held property at Ardeley 
 of the value of forty sliillings aad upwards, and was 
 liable to contribute towards a subsidy taken up in that
 
 ( 
 
 ) 
 
 year. His lands were worth £10 at that time, and he 
 was a freeholder residing in the county of Hertford. 
 The Botelers were an old family connected with Watton 
 and the neighbourhood. 
 
 CbauncT mentions a brass inscription to John Gierke 
 and Elizabeth, his wife, which John Clerk was Lord of 
 the Manor of Cromer Hall in this parish, and died 
 about the beginning of the reign of Queen Mary, in 
 the lifetime of his father, George Clerk. 
 " Hie jacent Johan Gierke and Elizabetha uxor ejus 
 quorum animabus propitietur Deus." 
 
 At Bennington are brasses of William, son of George 
 Clarke, who died 1591, and John Clarke, who died 
 1604. 
 " Hie Jacet Villielmus Cottysmere quondam Vicarius 
 
 istius Ecclesiae, qui obiit in Festo Sanctorum Philippi 
 
 & Jacobi Martyrum An. Dom. 1437. 
 
 Gujus Anime propitietur Deus." 
 
 Sir Henry Chauncy, the historian of Hertfordshire, 
 died at Ardeley in 1719, and there are several memorials 
 in the church to the Chauncy family. 
 
 Haines notes I. and II. 
 
 ASnWELL. 
 Floor of nave. 
 
 Inscription only. 
 
 " Here Iveth ye body of John Sell, late 
 of Ashwell in ye County of Hartford, 
 Mercer, who depted this life ye 26 of 
 May A^ 1618 about ye 5-5 yeare of his age. 
 Aske how he liv'd and thou shalt know his end. 
 He dyed to God a saint, to poore a friend." 
 John Sell was a benefactor to the parish, and gave some 
 land for the use of the poor by his will dated 24th May, 
 1618. The name of Sell is often found in the parish 
 registers. Oliver Sell was rector of the neighbouring 
 church of Hinxworth from 1660-1697, and a " Susses 
 Sell " held the Manor of Hinxworth in 1709. Chauncy 
 and Gu5sans mention this inscription, but it is omitted 
 by Haines. A token was issued by John Sell, junr., 
 about 1610. 
 
 Several stones in this church denote where brasses 
 originally laid, and Chauncy describes one inscription 
 to Thomas Colby, who was vicar, and died 14th Sep- 
 tember, 1489 ; and also one to William Dakins, 
 another vicar, who died 18th February, 1598. 
 
 I.- 
 
 ASPEXDEX. 
 On wall of nave. 
 
 -Man and wife and portion of inscription. 
 " , . . . alicie uxoris eius qui quidem 
 
 . . . . dni millesimo CCCCCmo quorum." 
 The man is wearing a merchant's dress, and has a 
 gypciere suspended from bis waist ; the lady is in plain 
 costume, with a straight head dress. Haines gives the 
 name of the man as " Thomas Goodrich," and Salmon's 
 history, written in 1728, states the same name, but the 
 
 inscription was incorrectly copied by him, showing that 
 it was perfect at that date, but no trace of the name 
 appears in the neighbourhood, and Cussans does not 
 mention it. 
 
 Corner of aisle. 
 
 II. — Man and wife, both kneeling ; the former is a 
 knight in armour, and his surcoat is emblazoned with 
 the arms of Clifford ; the lady has on an elaborate 
 cloak, having upon it also the arms of Clifford on the 
 one side and those of Barley on the other. At the feet 
 of the knight is the indent of about two children, pro- 
 bably sons, and at the feet of the lady are two daughters 
 kneeling. From the mouth of the knight formerly was 
 a scroll inscribed — 
 
 " Benedicta et Sancta Trinitas ; " 
 and from the lady's mouth is a scroll inscribed — 
 
 " Miserere nobis peccatoribus." 
 A shield on the left hand has upon it the arms of the 
 knight, and one on the right hand those of the lady. 
 An inscription partly mutilated : — 
 
 ". . . . Syr Eobt Clyfford late knyght for the 
 body I to ye moist excellent prnce kyng henry y® vii. 
 and I maister of hys ordynaunce also . . . dame 
 Elysabeth | his wyf \ wyf to Sr Eauffe Josselyn knyght 
 whiche | syr Robt Clyiiord was the thyrde son of Thomas 
 late I lordClySord \ the seid syr Eobt decessed the xv 
 day of March | in the xxiii yer of the Reigne of kyng 
 henr^ ye vii. % the said I dame Elisabeth decessed the — 
 day of . in 1 . . . . MCCCCC . . . ." | 
 
 Around the edge of the tomb is also an inscription : — 
 
 " Credo quod redemptor mens vivit et in nouissimo 
 die de terra surrecturus sum Et in carne mea videbo 
 Deum salvatorem meum. Tedet animam meam vitae 
 meae." 
 
 Cussans gives a description of the doings of this Sir 
 Robert Clyfford in connection with his designs to upset 
 Henry YII. which do not appear to have been much to 
 his credit. He seems to have betrayed his associates to 
 the king, who pardoned and rewarded him, and he after- 
 wards appeased his conscience by adding an aisle to 
 Aspeden church, in which he was buried. His wife was 
 the daughter of William Barley, of the neighbourhood, 
 which name occurs in many of the surrounding parishes. 
 The missing scroll was in existence in 1793, when the 
 church was surveyed. The Joscelyns are found at 
 Sawbridgeworth and Wvddial. 
 
 Xos. I. and II. are both mentioned by Haines, 
 Chauncy, and Cussans, the latter giving an engraving 
 of the figures, &c. 
 
 ASTON. 
 
 Floor of nave. 
 
 I. — A man and his wife and inscription. The man 
 is bareheaded, and wears a tunic with short sleeves, and 
 has on his breast a large Tudor rose with imperial 
 crown, and has a sword at his side, and is represented 
 as standing on a pavement of tiles with an oval pattern 
 on them. The woman wears a hat and ruff. 
 
 "Here lyeth buried the bodye of John Kent, late
 
 ( 10 ) 
 
 servant to Kinge Edwarde the Sixt, Queene Marye, and 
 Queene Elizabeth, who niaried Marye ye daughter of 
 Thomas Saunders, aud had issue by her v. soiines and 
 V. daughters, whiche John deceased the iiij"i day of 
 August in the yeare of our Lord God 1592, aetatis 
 suae. 72." 
 
 The parish register, which is well preserved, contains 
 the names of several members of the Kent family, and 
 the name is also found mentioned at Watton, Stevenage, 
 and Weston, wliich parishes are all adjacent to Aston. 
 
 BALDOCK. 
 
 On north wall. 
 
 I.— Man and woman in shrouds, but nothing to 
 indicate who they represent. They are mentioned by 
 Haines as about 1480 (Addenda 261). 
 
 II. — Man and woman. The man is a civilian, and 
 has a large purse suspended from his girdle. The 
 inscription is lost. Haines No. III. gives the date as 
 1480, and says perhaps the brasses represent William 
 Crane, 1483, and Margaret or Joane,his wife, and gives 
 an engraving of the upper part of the woman, wearing 
 a horned head-dress with a veil behind her head. 
 Chauncy gives inscription : " Prey for the Sowlys of 
 
 William Crane, Jone and Margaret his Wyffes 
 
 which William dyed 1483 on whos ." 
 
 III. — A man and woman. The man is dressed as a 
 civilian, and was evidently a huntsman or park- 
 keeper, as he has a horn hanging from his left shoulder 
 and a small sword at his side ; at his feet was a dog, 
 which was fastened to him by a cord close to the sword 
 at his waist. The lower part of the man is gone, as 
 well as the inscription and the dog. Haines No. II. 
 says the figures represent Wm. Vynter, 1416, and 
 Margaret, his wife, 1411, and has an engraving of the 
 man ; and Cussans also. Chauncy gives the following 
 inscription: — 
 
 " Orate pro Wilielmi Vynter generosi et Mar- 
 
 garete consortis suaj qui quidem Wilielmus obiit 
 
 2 Junii, 1416, et Margareta ob Octob., 1411, 
 
 eorum aniraabus, parentum, amicorum, Benefactorum 
 suorum Deus omnipoteus pro sua magna misericordia 
 propitietur. Amen." 
 
 A John Yynter was rector of Clothall, and died 
 1404. 
 
 On floor of chancel. 
 
 IV. — An inscription. 
 
 " Margaretaj Benett matri susc piisimoe 
 Qua; obiit in Domino mense novembri ano 
 'Dn! 1587. Robertus Benett Episcopus 
 Hereford pietatis nomine posvit." 
 Cussans and Chauncy both mention this inscription, 
 and Cussans says that Dr. Benett was a native of 
 Baldock ; but it has been omitted by Haines. 
 
 On floor of nave. 
 V. — An inscription fixed in the stone, upon which is 
 laid the brass of a woman. No. VI. 
 
 " Hie jacet Rev. Edmundus Pym, A.B., 
 
 Oiim Christi Coll. Cant, et Rect. de Radwell 
 hoc in com. qui ob. xix. die Octobris 
 Anno Dm MDCCCVII. fetatis LXXXIII." 
 The Rev. Edmund Pym was rector of Radwell from 
 1777 to 1786, when he resigned the living. 
 
 VI. — A woman. The husband and inscription are 
 missing. Haines gives the date as 1410, and says that 
 J. B. Nicholls, Esq., has a rubbing of the male figure. 
 The woman has her head covered with a handkerchief 
 falling upon her shoulders. Cussans says that this 
 brass was removed from another stone, and was cut and 
 placed where it now lies when the inscription to the 
 Rev. Edmund Pym was fixed ! ! ! ! 
 Haines notices all the above except No. IV. 
 
 BARKWAY. 
 
 On wall of south aisle. 
 
 I. — Man, two wives, children, and inscription. 
 
 " Here lyeth buryed Robert Poynard, whyche 
 
 Decessyd ye xvi. day of September in the yere of 
 
 our lord God MCCCCLXJ., who had ij. wyves, 
 
 Johne and Brydgett, and by the sayde Brydgett he 
 
 had yssue iiij. "dowghters, Martha, Judethe, Rebeka, 
 
 and Francys." 
 
 The man is wearing a civic robe trimmed with fur, 
 
 and his feet are encased in slippers ; he is bare-headed, 
 
 and wears a beard. His first wife, " Johne," on his 
 
 right hand, wears a plain dress with a neat cap, 
 
 showing the costume of the time of the early years 
 
 of Queen Elizabeth's reign. The second wife is 
 
 dressed in the costume of a somewhat later period, 
 
 and is also neatly attired, and at her feet, partly in 
 
 front, are shown her four daughters, with long hair 
 
 hanging over their shoulders, and dressed alike. The 
 
 inscription is very explicit, and gives the names of the 
 
 four children, and states to which wife they belong. 
 
 Robert Poynard is mentioned as being a freeholder and 
 
 living at Ash well in 1561. This brass is not mentioned 
 
 in Haines's book. It was found, when the church was 
 
 restored, under the floor. Nor does Chauncy notice its 
 
 existence. 
 
 On floor of chancel. 
 II. — Inscription. _ 
 
 " Hie jacet Anna nuper uxor Johis 
 Rowley, generosi, que obiit nono 
 die Februarii, Anno Dni 1613." 
 John Rowley was born at Brent Pelham ; he was 
 sheriff of Herts in 1650, and died in 1667, aged 94. 
 He was buried at Barkway, as was also his second wife, 
 whose inscription is on the slab with her husband. At 
 Brent Pelham is a brass to the two wives of Mr. 
 Francis Rowley, 1625 and 1627, and many of this 
 name are buried in that churchyard. At Wyddial is a 
 slab to the daughter and co-heir of John Rowley, of 
 Barkway, who died 17x1. This inscription is noticed 
 by Chauncy, but not by Haines.
 
 11 
 
 BARLEY. ' 
 
 I. — An ecclesiastic, and inscription under. 
 " Hie jacet Andreas "Willet, Doctor Sacraj 
 Theologioe aliquando huius ecclesia} minist- 
 -er & magnum totius vera; ecclesiiie ornaraent- 
 -um, obiit Anno setatis sune 59 an° Doiii 1621, 
 
 Decembr 4. 
 Vivus in hoc tegitur (lector mirare) sepulchro 
 Willettus sua post fuuera vivus adhuc : — 
 Vin ubinnuc habitet cogiioscere consule sumptu 
 Magniflco structam scripta polita domum 
 Interea partem banc eius quam fata tulerunt 
 hie ubi paulis per fleris abire potes : 
 Thou that erewhile didst such strong reasons frame 
 as yet great Willet are the popelings shame, 
 Nowe by thy sickenes thy death hast made 
 Strong arguments to proove that mans a shade. 
 Thy life did shew thy deepe divinity, 
 Death only taught us thy humanity." 
 This priest is dressed in his ecclesiastical robes, with 
 cap and ruff, and wears a beard. The Rev. Andrew 
 Willet was rector of this parish from 1599 to his death 
 in 1621, and seems to have been a learned man and 
 author of several works, including one named " Synopsis 
 Papismi." He was owner of the Manor of Greenbury 
 in this parish, and was probably a son of a Thomas 
 Willet, who was rector from 1571 to 1598. Cussans 
 says that Andrew Willet was killed by falling from his 
 horse when riding through Hoddesdon, but he does not 
 seem to have discovered this brass which is in the 
 church, and a small engraving is in the Add. MSS. in 
 the British Museum. He gave a house and half an 
 acre of land for the poor. 
 
 Near altar rails. 
 II. — Inscription. 
 
 " Here resteth the body of Ann Brownri gge, 
 the wife of Doct : Brownrigge, Rector of this 
 church, the daughter of William Cholmcly, of 
 Highgate, Esquier, who in the 23 yeere of 
 her age, on the 2 day of May, 1630, in much 
 faith and comfort yeelded up her spirit 
 
 into the hands of God. 
 I am dead, and my life is hid with Clirist in 
 God ; when Christ who is my life shal appeare 
 then shall also appeare with him in Glory." 
 Dr. Brownrigge was rector of Barley from 1621 to 
 1642, when he was elevated to the bishopric of Exeter. 
 He died in 1659, and was buried in the Temple Church, 
 London. 
 
 Cussans gives No. II. only, but Chauncy notices both 
 I. and II. ; Ilaines gives A'o. I., but omits No. II., and 
 also adds an inscription which is given by Chauncy as 
 under: — 
 
 " Hie jacet Robertus Bricket Generosus, qui 
 obiit decimo die Junii Ann Dom 1546, et 
 iEtat sua; 49." 
 This brass is not now to be seen, but it existed in 1747, 
 and is mentioned in Add. MSS. at the British Museum. 
 Chauncy adds that "Robert Bricket gave an house 
 rented at £3 per annum to the poor of this parish." 
 
 BARNET. 
 
 On north wall of aisle. 
 I. — Inscription. 
 " Here lyeth Elinor Palmer, Wyffe unto Edward 
 Taylor, Esquier, And after y^ wyfe to John Palmer, 
 Esquier, of Kentishetowne, and one of y^ dowghters of 
 Edward Chesema, who was coferar to kinge Henry 
 ye vijtii vych Elyno' dyd geue tow Acares of medowe 
 grownd in Kentishe towne holden of ye p'bende of 
 cauntelous unto ye use of the poore of this towne and 
 of Ketishe towne f(ir ever, which said Elynor deceassed 
 the 29 daye of Februarie in Anno Donl 1558." 
 This inscription is mentioned by Haines, Chauncy, 
 and Cussans. The latter also says : " Eleanor Palmer, 
 widow of John Palmer, of Kentish Town, gave, in 1558, 
 two acres of meadow land called Fortis, in Kentish 
 Town, two-thirds for the use of the poor of this 
 parish and one-third for the poor of Saint Pancras, 
 London. The meadow land has long since been built 
 on, and the income is derived from the ground rents of 
 thirty-four houses in Fortess Terrace, twenty houses in 
 Fortess Grove, and stables and rooms called Fortess 
 Mews, the leases of which property expire between 
 1910 and 1922. With the accumulated rents derived 
 from this estate a piece of ground was bought on Barnet 
 Common, on which were built in 1823 almshouses for 
 six aged men and six aged women. £98 per annum 
 is received from the property in Kentish Town, which, 
 with other monies, is distributed weekly among the in- 
 habitants of Barnet." 
 
 BAYFORD. 
 
 I. — Man in armour, having a skirt of mail with 
 tassets strapped over it, and gauntlets lying at his feet, 
 supposed to represent John Knighton, who was Lord of 
 the Manor a.d. 1545. 
 
 II. — Man in armour, supposed to be the brass of Sir 
 George Knighton, Knt., son of John Knighton, and 
 who died Nov. 12th, 1613, and has a monument with 
 inscription to his memory in the church. 
 
 II L — A portion of the figure of a woman, probably 
 the wife of one of the above. 
 
 IV. — A shield of arms belonging to the Knighton 
 family. Barry of eight, on a canton, a tun paleways 
 for Knighton, impaling quarterly of 4 ; 1 and 4, on a 
 pale a demiluce or conger's head, erect couped for 
 Gascoigne ; 2 and 3, three picks for Pickett or Pigott. 
 (Three picks are to be found in the arms of Thomas 
 Pygott at Tewin church.) The brass of John Knighton 
 is chased on the reverse, and has part of a shrouded 
 figure showing a naked foot. The shield and small 
 portion are also palimpsests. 
 
 These brasses were all found in a box when the old 
 church was pulled down in 1870, and are much 
 damaged. The two figures of the men in armour are 
 engraved in Cussans' History of the County. They are 
 not mentioned by Chauncy, and no inscriptions were 
 discovered with them. Haines mentions I. II. and III.
 
 ( 12 ) 
 
 BENNINGTON. 
 
 On floor of nave. 
 I. — Inscription only — 
 
 " William Clarke the 4 sonne of George Clarte 
 Cliaunged liis liffe the xxiiii. day of May, 1591 
 "Who was as thou art, \ is as thou shal be." 
 George Clarke by will d;ited 8th October, 1556, gave 
 £2 10«. for the poor of this parish, and also other sums 
 for the parishes of Stevenage and Saadridge in this 
 county. 
 
 II. — Inscription only — 
 " Here lyeth the bodie of John Clarke, of this 
 Towne of Bennington Covncill at Lawe who 
 Maried Edith one of the Davghters of Robert 
 Cole of Bargeholt in the Covnty of Svffolck 
 gent who had issve by her one sonne named 
 Willni Three Davghters named Anne Edith 
 & Elizabeth. He died ye xith Day of Jvne 1604 
 AgedL." 
 III. — Upper portion of the brass of a priest found in 
 1881, and affixed now on a pier in the chancel. 
 
 Haines mentions I., a lady circa 1570, part gone; 
 II. some children ; but says nothing about any other 
 brass or inscriptions. 
 
 GREAT BERKHAMSTED. 
 
 Under transept arch. 
 I. — Figure of a man holding the hand of his wife. 
 The man is habited in a long loose tunic, buttoned to 
 the throat, with close sleeves and cuffs ; his feet are 
 resting on a lion. The woman wears a plain dress 
 with long lappets, and is represented as standing on 
 two dogs. Both the figures have their left hands on 
 the breast, and were formerly under a double canopy 
 and surrounded by a border with an inscription, nearly 
 all of which is lost. The only words remaining are — 
 
 " Et Margareta obiit xxix." 
 Chauncy gives the inscription, and also Clutterbuck. 
 " Hie jacet Richardus Torrington et Margareta 
 Uxor ejus quiquidem Richardus obiit quarto 
 mensis Marcii Anno Domini Millio CCCL 
 sexto et Margareta obiit xxix die mensis 
 Mail Anno Domini Millio CCCmo XL nono." 
 Chauncy also states that this Torrington was supposed 
 to be the founder of the church, and was a man of 
 special favour with Edward Plantaganet, Duke of 
 Cornwall, whose father, Richard Plantagenet, died at 
 Berkhamsted Castle. Boutell gives an engraving 
 of the figures, and says : " They are Richard 
 Torryngton and Margaret his wife, the founders or 
 at least the rebuilders of this church." The wife 
 was a member of the family of Incent, several of 
 whom are buried in the church, and two shields of 
 arms of Torrington and Incent remain, but were 
 reversed when they were relaid, and Chauncy remarks 
 that " the same coats of Torrington and Incent are 
 round the church on every pillar, and on the woodwork 
 on the side of the church, and is thus blazoned — 
 ' He beareth or, on a Bend Gules a Rose of the First in 
 the Honour point a Dove Sable.' " 
 
 Haines No. I. gives the date 1349, " with canopy and 
 marginal inscription nearly all lost." Part of the 
 man's arm is gone, but the hand remains clasped in 
 that of the woman. In a collection in the IBritish 
 Museum, made in 1780, the figures are shown perfect. 
 
 Floor of south transept. 
 II. — Figure of a man in armour similar to that on 
 the Torrington altar tomb. Cussans gives an engraving 
 of it, but there is no inscription extant. Chauncy 
 gives an inscription which may probably belong to it — 
 " Hie jacet Johannes Raven Armiger qui obiit 
 XV die Martii Anno Domini MCCCXCV." 
 Boutell states (No. II.), " A man in armour, about 
 1365; inscription gone; perhaps John Raven, Esq., 
 1395." 
 
 Near altar tomb. 
 
 III. — Figure of a woman in a plain dress, with a 
 reticulated head-dress. There is no inscription, but 
 Haines No. III. mentions " A Lady about 1370. 
 Canopy and Inscription lost ; perhaps Margaret Briggs, 
 1374." 
 
 Chancel step. 
 IV. — Half figure of a priest (not mentioned by 
 Cussans). Boutell says the date is circa 1400. 
 
 A John Milton was instituted as rector in 1385, and 
 John Creeton in 1386, who was succeeded by Thomas 
 Brydde, who resigned the living in 1406. 
 North traiisipt. 
 V. — Figure of a man in loose robes with narrow 
 girdle and fur lining at the chest; he has long hair, 
 cut straight on forehead, and inscription, partly broken 
 off- 
 " Hie jacet Ricardus Westbroke qui obiit (die mensis) 
 Septebris Ao dni milliuo ccc° lxxxv° Cui (ala ppc't' 
 
 dens) 
 
 Supplicans vobis ex caritate vra p aia s(ua pat' 
 nostr & ave) " 
 
 In chapel. 
 VI. — Woman in shroud ; and inscription — 
 " Here lyeth buryed und' this stone the bodye of 
 Kateryne sumtyme the Wyf of Robert Incent gent 
 father and mother unto John Incent docto' of ye lawe 
 Who hatli done many benyfit & ornamente gyven 
 Unto this Chapell of Saynt John Whyche sayd 
 Kateryne dyed the xi day of Marche ye xii yere of the 
 
 Reygne of Henry the viii (Gujus ) " 
 
 VII. — Inscription only — 
 " Here lyeth buryed und' thys stone the body of 
 Robert Incent Gentylman late s'vant unto the 
 Noble pryncesse lady Cecyle duchesse of Yorke & 
 Mother unto the worthy king Edward the iiij and 
 Richarde the thyrde whych sayd Robert Incent dyed 
 at the grete swetyng sykenesse the fyrst yere of the 
 reygne of kyng Henry the vij upon whose sowlys 
 Jhu have mercy. Amen." 
 This inscription is curious, as it denotes the cause of 
 the death of Robert Incent. Chauncy describes him 
 as being the Secretary to the Duchess of York, and 
 states that under the inscription is a coat of arms, and
 
 ( 13 ) 
 
 above is his effigy in full length in brass, neither of which 
 are now to be found. The lucent family seems to have 
 been somewhat famous in their generation. The 
 Grammar School was benefited by the gift of land, &c., 
 by Dean Incent, of St. Paul's,' about 1523, and he 
 re-built the school at his own cost and died a year 
 afterwards. There is a large altar tomb in the north 
 transept called the Incent tomb, and upon it are 
 recumbent figures, and on the sides are shields of 
 Incent and also Torrington, showing a connection 
 between the two families. 
 
 Vestry tuall. 
 VIII. — Brass tablet, with inscription — 
 " John "Waterbous Gent Deceased the xi daye of 
 August in Anno 1558, and Margaret his wief 
 Deceased the x day of Januarii in Anno dicto 
 Which John and Margaret had Issue viz 
 John Thomas William Edward 
 Arthur and Charles." 
 
 IX. — Tablet and inscription — 
 " Here under lyeth the bodie of the worthie ladie Dame 
 Margaret Waterhouse deceased daughter of Thomas 
 Spilman of Chart in the Countie of Kent Esq. in 
 memorieof whose virtues and liis dearest love Sr Edw. 
 Waterhous Knight her husband hath caused this 
 monumput to be erected. She died the 6 day of July 
 1587 J^tatis svfe 38 and hee ye 13 of October ^Etatis 
 svse 55 and lieth buried wtli his last wife Dame 
 Debora at the Mannor of Wordechurch in Kent." 
 Chauncy mentions both these inscriptions and de- 
 scribes the coats of arms belonging to them ; and 
 Cussans (p. 153, part 1, vol. III.) gives an elaborate 
 pedigree of the Waterhouse family. Haines does not 
 notice them. 
 
 On ivindow sill in north transept. 
 X. — Inscription, &c., on face of brass^ 
 " Of youre charite pray for the soule 
 Of Thomas Humfre late of londo' 
 goldsraythe and Jone hys wyffe the dou 
 ghter of Wyllyam bayntu bruer whych 
 Jone dyssessyd the iiij day of december." 
 Insciiption on reverse — 
 "Ecce sub hoc tumulo conjunx uxorque jacemus 
 
 Aeternam pacem donet utrique Deus 
 Nil quiquam abstulimus si quid beneficimus ulli 
 
 Eat qui pro meritis praemia digna dabit 
 Est tamen una salus Christi miseratio quam qui 
 
 Transis ambobus sepe precare precor." 
 This brass is a palimpsest, and has been reduced in 
 size, as Haines and Cussans both state that the figures 
 of Thomas Humfre and wife and five sons and two 
 daughters were origitially engraved upon it, and dates 
 about 1465 or 1500. Cussans says the Latin inscription 
 was to John Waterhouse (mentioned above), and was 
 formerly upon a tomb in St. Catlierine's Chapel. The 
 initial letter of the first inscription represents St. 
 Jerome and a lion. 
 
 XI. — Brass shield, with lower half gone, bearing the 
 arms of Cornwallis, fixed on the top of an altar tomb 
 
 which has no inscription. The name of Sir John 
 Cornewallis appears in the register of the parish, May 
 1st, 1544, as having been buried. He was a knight 
 of Prince Edward's Council. 
 
 Chauncy states that a gravestone has upon it full 
 length effigies in brass, and inscription, " Hie jacet 
 Edwardus De la hay Armiger qui obiit indecimo quinto 
 mensis Junii Anno Dom. MVCX. Cujus &c." He had 
 £4 and two gowns bequeathed to him by Cicely, the 
 Duchess of York, who died in 1495. These brasses 
 are missing. 
 
 Haines gives (No. V.) " Edmund Cook 1409, with 
 Anelace," &c. Chauncy says that a gravestone has 
 this inscription : — " ' . . . Edmundi Cook qui obiit 
 24 die mensis Junii Anno Dom 1409.' The head of 
 the effigy is broke off, but a label has this inscription : — 
 ' Jesu filii Dii miserere mei.' " Clutterbuck says the 
 effigies were those of a monk, but no trace of the brass 
 remains. 
 
 BISHOP STORTFOED. 
 
 Oh floor of church. 
 
 I. — Inscription — 
 " Here lyeth the body of Charles Denny 
 Preacher of God's Worde Mr of Arte of 
 12 yeares standinge one the Senior Ffel- 
 lowes of Kings Colledg in Cambridge 
 Gransonu vnto the Right IlolJle Sr Anthony 
 Denny Knight who was Pryvy Counceller 
 To Kinge Henry the Eight and seaventh 
 Sonn to Sr Edw. Denny Knight gentleman 
 Of Qveene Elizabeths Pryvy Chamber 
 And of the Lady Margarett his wyfe 
 Some tyme mayde of honnor vnto her Matie 
 The Sd Charles deceased the 29 of 
 Decemb. 1635, being 38 yeares of age." 
 
 II. — Inscription — 
 
 '* An epitaph on the death of Thomas 
 Edgcomb y'' sonne of Richard Edgcomb 
 Of Mount Edgencomb Knighte and Dame 
 Marj'e his wife, who dyed the 
 22th of Maye Ano 1614. 
 Optimum Cito Mori 
 Edgcomhe an infant born of gentle race 
 
 For this cheefe cause to live did but beginne 
 By baptism to be clensed and by grace 
 
 'From that fovlc spot of originall sinne 
 Whose happy sovle wth actuall sinne not stain'd 
 By shorte life here etcrnall blisse hath gainde 
 Ye parcntes morne not fix yo' joye, herein 
 
 The pmise made to faithfuU seede is debte 
 As by that sweet imbrace Christ gave was scene 
 
 Yov procreate to nomber God'es clecte 
 Angelles and sovles alike pvre essence be 
 
 And new borne babes as pvre in next degree." 
 Lady Margaret Denny, the mother of the above- 
 named Charles Denny, has an inscription on stone to 
 her memory in the church, stating she was descended 
 from the " Autient family of the Edgecorabes of Mont
 
 ( 14 
 
 Edge-combe in Corncwall," and tliere are several other 
 monuments to the Denny family. Anthony Denny was 
 :^rember of rarliament'for the County of Hertford in 
 1547. Hill Denny was rector of Eastwick iu this 
 county from 1705 to 1719. 
 
 " Turner," in his History of Hertford, tells us that 
 Sir Anthony Denny was a great friend of Henry VIII., 
 who bestowed upon him the site of Hertford Priory 
 and also the Manor, witli the advowson of the Church 
 of Saint John, Hertford, in the year 1538. He seems 
 to have been present at the death of his royal master, 
 and was an executor of his will, and he died at 
 Cheshunt in 1549. 
 
 Haines does not mention the above inscriptions, but 
 they are found in Chauncy's and Cussans's histories. 
 
 BOVINGDON. 
 
 On fioor of chancel. i; 
 
 I. — Inscription — 
 
 " Here lyeth the body of John Hall Mase 
 of Artes, sometime'of Trinitie CoUedge 
 in Cambridge who departed this life 
 the 16th day of Februari 1617, being 57 yea- 
 res of age, and had to wife Alice the 
 daughter of Richard Long of Fitzwill- 
 iams of this parish by whome he had 
 issue 2 sonnes and 6 daughters." 
 Chauncy gives an inscription to John Long and his 
 wife as existing in Aldenham Church, a few miles from 
 Bovingdon, but the brass is now gone, 
 II. — Inscription — 
 
 " Henricus tumulo hoc jacet Maines 
 Qui cum servierat deo potenti 
 denote variisq eum bearat 
 Coelorvm dominus bonis flventer 
 cum vitam patientia stupenda 
 longam transierat senex peracto 
 tandem circuitu occidit quiete 
 sic dulci radio cadit serenus 
 sol cum finieiit svos labores 
 Obiit 2° Maij 1605." 
 
 III. — Inscription — • 
 
 " Here lyeth buried the body of 
 
 Andrew Mayne the eldest sonne 
 
 of James Mayne who died the xviitli 
 
 daye of August in the yeare of 
 
 our Lord God 1621 and was of 
 
 the age of seaventene yeares 
 
 wanting five days at the tyme 
 of his death. 
 Ad nocem tubcc resurgent mortui." 
 IV. — Inscription — 
 
 " Here lyeth buried Mary Mayne 
 
 the daughter of John Andrewes 
 
 gent., the wife of James Mayne 
 
 Esq., by whome shee had 4 
 
 sonnes and 5 daughters, shee 
 
 departed this life tlie^4th of 
 
 September Anno Dom., 1641." 
 
 ) 
 
 The family of Mayne held the Manor of Westbrooke 
 Hay, near Bovingdoii, from about 1530 to 1680, when 
 it was sold. Several of them are buried in this church. 
 
 Neither Haines or Chauncy mention the above in- 
 scriptions, and Cussans gives Nos. I., III., and IV., 
 and says No. II. is described by Clutterbuck. It is 
 now on the floor of the chancel. Clutterbuck also 
 gives an inscription to Richard Gold and wife, 1531. 
 
 BRAUGHING. 
 
 On floor of nave. 
 I. — Small figure of a lady, with inscription under— 
 " Hie iacet Barbara Hanchett nupux' Thome Hanchett 
 Armio-eri que obiit apud Aldebury inFesto Penthecostes 
 Anno'^Dia M° CCCCCLXF. Sed hie Sepulta est." 
 The place of death is here given as "Aldebury," 
 which probably means Albury, which is a few miles from 
 Braughing, tlie place named Aldbury being upwards of 
 twenty miles distant. Cussans gives it as " Aldenham," 
 which is clearly an error. Thomas Hanchett was lord of 
 several manors in the neighbourhood, and left them to 
 his son Thomas, who was a magistrate and sheriff of 
 Hertfordshire. Thomas Hanchett was a freeholder of 
 the parish of Braughing in 1561, and he had to supply 
 one light horseman on the occasion of a levy made by 
 Queen Elizabeth in 1572, for the purpose of •' suppress- 
 ing any tumult or disturbance in the kingdom, or re- 
 sisting any foreign invasion." 
 
 II. — Inscription only — 
 
 " [Hie Jacet Ricardus] fill' et heres Johns Grene 
 
 nupsit Mercia una filiaru 
 
 [ob]iit xiij^ die mensis Decebris 
 
 gui Elizabeth regine quarto." 
 
 This inscription is partly hidden by a pew, but 
 Haines mentions it as No. IV., " Richard Grene Gent 
 1561." John Grene was a freeholder in the parish of 
 Standon, near Braughing, in the year 1561. 
 
 III. — Inscription and shield of arms — 
 " Here lyeth bvryed y^ body of Rich: 
 Grene Gent a Bacheler of the age pf 
 LXXVIIJ yeares who deceased this 
 life the xxth of Janvary 1610." 
 Weever, in his *' Funorall Monuments," states that in 
 1631 was to be seen this inscription — 
 
 " Here lyeth Thomas Greene the soonne of 
 Nicholas Greene who dyed 2 March 1484." 
 
 also — 
 
 " Here lyeth Joan late wyfF of Thomas Rustwynne 
 and dawter of Nicholas Greene who dyed . . 1400." 
 And he adds, " Here are many monuments of the 
 Greene's quite defaced." Nicholas Greene is described 
 as being a resident at Braughing, and by trade a 
 " maltman," about 1480, who was allowed to expend 
 over 40s. per year. 
 
 IV.— Small figures of man and wife; inscription 
 lost. Haines No. I. says " A civilian and wife, about 
 1480." The lady wears gauntlets, but both figures 
 are much defaced.
 
 ( 
 
 15 
 
 ) 
 
 V. — Part of the figure of a man. Haines No. II. 
 states, " A civilian, about 1190." 
 
 Chauncy only mentions Nos. I. and III. of the 
 above, Haines and Cussans notice all of them. 
 
 BROXBOURNE. 
 On floor of chancel 
 I. — Priest in eucharistic vestments, holding between 
 his hands a chalice ; a scroll issues from his mouth 
 ii;scribed — 
 
 " Si quis ejis qui transius Sta plege plora 
 Su 86 ejis tueia qb quod es p me precor ora." 
 At the corners of the stone have been fixed three 
 ribbons ; one only is now remaining, inscribed " Lady 
 helppe." Boutell states that the brass probably 
 represents a John Merdwyn, who died a.d. 146-5. 
 Haines says " perhaps Robert Ecton, vicar, 1474." 
 On south side of chancel. 
 II. — Large figure of Sir John Say, knight in 
 armour (without a head) and his wife, two shields and 
 large coat of arms, with an inscription round the 
 verge of an altar tomb upon which the brasses are 
 fixed, which are partly coloured — 
 
 " Here lyeth JDame Elizabeth sometyme wyf to [Syr 
 John Say, Knyght, dawter of Lawrence Cheyne, 
 Esqu] yer of Cambriggeshire a Woman of noble 
 blode and most noble in gode manners which 
 decessed the xxv day of September The vere of 
 our Lord A.M° CCCCLXXIII and entired'in this 
 Chirch of Brokesborn abydyng The bodye of hir 
 said Husband Whose Soules God Bryng to Ever 
 [lastyng Blisse]." 
 The words in brackets are missing, and also the brass 
 strip at the foot of the tomb, which may have been 
 inscribed with the name, &c., of Sir John Say, the 
 husband, who died in 1478 or 1479. He was a Privy 
 Councillor and Speaker of the House of Commons, 
 and an .Esquire at Arms to King Edward IV. He is 
 attired in a complete suit of armour of a highly- 
 finished style, with sword hanging diagonally in front 
 of him. Lady Say is richly dressed in a long flowing 
 her hair is drawn back and has a veil extended 
 her hands are uplifted and have rings on the 
 her shoes are very pointed, and a small dog 
 lies at her right foot Their son, Sir William Say, 
 who died in 1529, built the north chancel aisle of 
 Broxbourne Church, which is stated in an inscription 
 round the outside of the building ; his tomb is inside, 
 but the brasses belonging to it, of himself and his two 
 wives, are all missing, as well as the inscription wh'eh 
 is given by Weever and Chauncy as under: — 
 
 •' Of your Cheritie pray for the Sowl of Sir William 
 Say Knight deceased late Lord of the Mannor 
 of Base, his Fader and Modcr, Genevese and 
 Elizabeth his WyfEs, who dyed 4th of December 
 1529. 21 H. 8." 
 Robert de Say, one of the knights of the Earl of Pem- 
 broke, is stated to have been slain in a tournatnont 
 held at Ware in 1241, Sir John Say, who died in 
 
 mantle 
 from it ; 
 finffers 
 
 1479, married a second time, and left his widow Agnes ; 
 also some money to pay a priest to sing for the souls of 
 his first wife and himself for twenty years after his 
 decease. His widow died a few months afterwards. 
 
 IIL — A coat of arms and inscription under — 
 " Xow Seaviity Seavn yeares past [myne only Sonne] 
 I'me come vnto thee my life's glasse is runne 
 Thou hadst the sliorfer I the longer howre 
 Both equall now I hope th' eternall power 
 For Christs bluod shed will rayse out of this dust 
 Our flesh to resurrection of ye Just. 
 27 Febru. 1630." 
 Cussans does not notice this brass ; nor does Chauncy 
 mention it. It is Xo. VI. in Haines's list. The arms 
 are those of " Molesworth," and the brass was in the 
 church in 1843, but was not to be found in 1883. 
 
 In front of altar rails, 
 
 IV.— A man in civil costume, with emblems of the 
 Evangelists at the four corners of the stone. The 
 inscription is lost, but the figure has a scroll proceeding 
 from his mouth with inscription — 
 " Miserere mei de' sediii magna mi [sericordiam tuam]." 
 The words in brackets are broken off' and are inserted 
 by Cussans. Haines has no mention of the brass, and 
 Chauncy does not seem to have found it. 
 Near pulpit, 
 
 V. — Two scrolls, each with the inscription — 
 " Espoier in dieu." 
 Cussans states that Clutterbuck mentions these sentences 
 as belonging to the brasses of a man and his wife witli 
 eight sons and three daughters and inscription — 
 
 " Here lieth John Borrell, Serjeant at Armes to 
 Henry the Eight, and Elizabyth his wyfi', who 
 dyed MCCCCCXXXXJ." 
 Haines mentions the above as " formerly " in the 
 church, and has an engraving of John Borrell, holding 
 a mace in his hand, in a complete suit of armour, with 
 helmet on, and his feet are resting upon a lion. 
 Chauncy does not mention this interesting brass, and 
 nothing now remains (1882) but the two mottoes and 
 the matrices in the stone. 
 
 Haines Xo. Ilf., a priest in robes, about 1510, and 
 inscription ; and also Xo. IV., three scrolls, &c., 
 belonging to a priest, are all missing. 
 
 BUCKLAXD. 
 
 Under altar table. 
 I. — Inscription — 
 
 ' ' Here resteth the body of 
 Joane Bland late the wife 
 of Esdras Bland Rector of 
 this Place. She departed 
 this life the Thirtieth 
 Day of Avgvst A° Din 1648. 
 Blessed arc the dead J Poml ^ ^^ 
 Which die in the Lord ( ^^^^^'" \ 13." 
 Cussans says that p]sdras Bland was rector, and died in 
 1067, and" was also rector of Huusdon, Herts, from
 
 ( 16 ) 
 
 1586 to 1593, when he resigned the living. He left 
 £2 annually to the poor of Buckland. 
 0» Jloor of wire. 
 II. — Figure of a man in civil costume having a 
 rosary and gypciere suspended from his waist, with 
 inscription under, and brass of six sons and indent of 
 brass of four daughters. 
 
 " Orate p. aTi Jolifs Gyll qui ohlit xxiv die Januarii 
 A° din MCCCCLXXXXIX cuj' aTe ppiciet' deus. 
 Amen." 
 This John Gill seems to have been a noted person at 
 Buckland, and made various bequests to tlie parish, and 
 the name appears often at the adjoining parish of 
 Wyddiall. 
 
 III. — Inscription only — 
 
 " Orate p aia Johaini;\; Gyll que obiit die 
 
 A din Miliino cuj' aie ppiciet' de' amen." 
 
 Probably the widow of the above John Gyll. 
 Onfliior of Lady Chapel, 
 IV. — Figure of a priest in robes, wearing a " cope," 
 and holding a chalice and wafer (stated by Haines to 
 be the only known instance). Inscription under — 
 " Hie jacet das Willnis Langley quodra Rector istius 
 Ecclesie qui obiit quarto decimo die nies Aprilis A° 
 din MCCCCLXXYIII. Cuius aie ppciet' de' ame." 
 Over the head was a circular scroll, of which only a 
 small portion remains. "William Langley was appointed 
 rector in 1445. 
 
 V. — Figure of a female, and inscription under — 
 " Hie jacet Alicia quondam uxor Johis Boteler nuper 
 Vicecomitis londoh que obiit xxi die mens Januarii 
 Anno dill Millo CCCCLJ. Cuius aie ppicietur de' 
 ame." 
 The Botelers were a family living at "Woodhall, near 
 "NVatton, and several brasses are found behmging to 
 them in the church of that village. A Dame Alice 
 Boteler was governess to the infant child Henry VI., 
 son of Henry V., for some years from 1422. 
 
 Cussans mentions all of the above brasses ; Chauncy 
 notices Nos. I., II., III., and IV. ; and Haines gives 
 Xos. II., lY., and V. only. 
 
 CHESHUNT. 
 
 Under altar table. 
 I. — A portion of a triple canopy and two shields, 
 each engraved with a Fleur-de-lys. The efEgies are 
 missing, but inscription remains — 
 
 " miserere ihu famuli Dixon Nicholai? Cui brevius 
 hospicru tumulus p'stat satis artu^ 
 Istud qui fanu terdenis rexerat annis^ Ad cui 
 
 fabricam bursas pprias alienas? 
 Solvit t allexit quo crevit in ardua teniplu? Pulchru 
 
 Cancellu tibi dat pia virgro nonellio^ 
 Du laudaris eo famulo suffragia p'stes^ Cleric hie 
 
 pipe subthesaurarius vide^ 
 Baro Secii se juste gessit ubiq^ Pacem paupilz 
 
 dans ctdat divitis itas? 
 Larga man us relevat quos paupies fera pressit^ 
 Anno Milleno C quater his his deca Xpi^ 
 
 Octavo moriens mutans terres tria celis* Octobris 
 
 luce terdena transit ad astra* 
 Auxiliare prece qui plegis bee Nicholas^ tut sihe cu 
 Sanctis prestetur vita per hennis^" 
 Haines No. I. says that " Nicholas Dixon was rector 
 for 30 years, a benefactor to the church and re-builder 
 of the chancel. Baron of the Exchequer and Canon of 
 Lincoln, 1448." Chauncy states that he built the 
 church and died in 1448. Cussans says that he built 
 it on the site of an older editice about the year 1420. 
 He held the Manor of Burston, St. Stephens, St. 
 Albaus, in 1436. 
 
 On floor of aisles. 
 JI. — Figures of a man (in merchant's habit) and his 
 wife, with inscription. The head of the man is gone, 
 and the woman's face is much worn. 
 
 " Hie jacent Willms Pyke qui obiit xvii die Mens. 
 
 Februarii Anno DSi Milliuo CCCCXLIX et Elena 
 
 ux. ejus quor. aibz ppcietur Deus Ame." 
 
 It does not appear who these people were, but there is 
 
 the name of John Pyke mentioned as a yeoman of 
 
 Cheshunt in 1480 in connection with one of the manors. 
 
 III. — Small brass of a woman kneeling at a desk, 
 
 and inscription — 
 
 " Here lyeth bvried the body of Eli 
 zabeath Garnett ye wife of Ed- 
 ward Collen Citizen and freemaso 
 of Londo who dyed y^ 24th daye of 
 Septeber 1609 beinge 33 yeres of age." 
 IV. — Inscription only — 
 
 " Hie jacet Agnes Luthyngton quondam uxor 
 Johis Luthyngton Armigeri que obiit xxix 
 die Mensis Julii Anno Domini MillTm 
 CCCCLXVIII cuj' Anime ppciet' de' Amen." . 
 V. — Figure of a woman without inscription. Haines 
 No. VIIl. says perhaps it belongs to the following 
 inscription mentioned by Clutterbuck : — 
 
 " Hie jacet Constantia vere nuper nupta Johani Parre 
 
 Amigero que obiit decimo die mensis Augusti, anno 
 
 Domini 1502, cujus anime propicieturdeus. Amen." 
 
 YI. — Small figure of a woman, much worn, perhaps 
 
 Joan Clay. Inscription now lost — 
 
 " Icy gist damoiselle Jehanne Clay qui 
 
 Trespassa I'an de grace MCCCCLIII le XXII 
 Jour de Octobre jour Saint Melun evesque." 
 Haines also mentions No. V., a female effig)', 1520, 
 loose, which is missing now. Chauncy gives Nos. V. 
 and VI., but says nothing about Nos. II. III. and IV. 
 
 CLOTHALL. 
 
 On chancel floor. 
 
 I. — Brass of an ecclesiastic habited in a cope, on the 
 
 chancel floor, and an inscription fixed in the south wall 
 
 of the small chapel, which probably belongs to it — 
 
 " Of youre charite py for the soule of Master Thomas 
 
 Dalyson bacheler of lawe and sumtyme parson of 
 
 this churche and master of the free Chappell or 
 
 Hospitall of Saint Mary Mawdelene edified &
 
 17 
 
 ) 
 
 situat in this paryshe of Clothalle next Baldok, 
 wliiclie deceased the ixth day of May Au° Dili 
 MCCCCCXLI. On whous Soule Jliesu have 
 mercy." 
 This Thomas Dalyson was instituted as rector in 
 1519, and the then patron of the living was a George 
 Dalyson. A Thomas Dalison was vicar of Standon 
 in 1486, and resigned the living in 1489 ; and a Roger 
 Dalyson was instituted vicar of the same place in 1536. 
 II- — Ecclesiastic in robes and inscription — 
 " Hie jacitdFis Johes Wynter quod Hector hui' 
 ecclie q obiit V die 
 Mens ffebf A^ dhi Millfno CCCCVII cui' aie 
 ppcietur deu'. A. M.E.N." 
 John Wynter was appninted rector 1368, and was 
 also rector of Bygrave, which living be resigned in the 
 same year. Henry Vyneter was vicar of Ware in 1385, 
 and died 1387, and a Lucas Vynter, gentleman, lived 
 at Ickleford about 1480. 
 
 III. — Ecclesiastic in robes, holding a large chalice 
 with wafer ; from his mouth issues a scroll with in- 
 scription— " Seta trinitas uni' dens. . . ." part of 
 which is hidden by a pew, and in the left hand corner 
 of the stone is a small engraving in brass of tlie Holy 
 Trinity. Underneath the priest is an inscription — 
 " hie jacet Johis Wryght cllcus indecretis bacalarius 
 collegii sine 
 Aule sancte Trinitatis Cantebr' quondm Magri 
 
 sine custos ac eciam 
 hui' ecclie de Clothall quondam Eectoris qui obiit 
 
 xii die Mali A° 
 diii Millilio quiiigentesimo xix. Cujusaie ppicietur 
 Deus. Amen." 
 He was instituted as rector in 1487, and was also 
 vicar of Layston from 1453 to 1469, when he resigned 
 the living. 
 
 IV. — Ecclesiastic in the costume of the time of 
 Queen Elizabeth, with a scroll issuing from the mouth 
 inscribed — 
 
 " Christvs mihi vita 
 Mors mihi lucrum," | 
 
 and inscription under — ■ ! 
 
 " Ileare under lyeth buried the bodye of William I 
 Lucas Maister of Arte, and sometime parson of this 
 parrish church of Clothall. Which sayde William • 
 lyved nynetie and six yeares, and departed this 
 life the fifteenth daye of Febrvary An° Domini | 
 
 1602, and in the five and fortith years of the 
 raigiie of our soveraigne Lady Queene Elizabeth 
 
 memento niori 
 Blessed are the dead tliat dye in the Lord." 
 This old rector was instituted to the living in 1568. i 
 The inscription and part only of the figure can now be 
 seen, as the choir stalls cover the remainder (1882). 
 
 v. — Brass of a woman with a small plate on the left, 
 at the top of the stone, inscribed W.B., and an inscrip- 
 tion — " Virtute nulla possessio maior," 
 and on the right, at the top, one inscribed W.A., with 
 inscription— " Mors est mihi lucrum." 
 Inscription under, which is all that can now be seen — 
 
 " Here lyeth buryed Anne Bramfield late the wyffe 
 of Willm ■' 
 
 Brarafeld of Clothall one of the Dawghters of John 
 
 Byll of ° 
 
 Asshewell Gentyllman who had yssue betwene 
 
 them syxtene 
 Chyldren that ys to saye syxe soones and tenne 
 
 dawghters 
 and Dyed the yth daye of November Anno Dili 
 1578." 
 In Walkern church is an inscription to the above 
 mentioned "William Bramfeilde " stating that he had 
 two wives, and had issue by his first wife Ann six sons 
 and ten daughters as stated above, and also had five 
 daughters by his second wife Mary; he died in 1596, 
 aged 65, so it is presumed he removed from Clothall 
 when he married his second wife, and took up his abode 
 at Walkern. Cussans gives a long pedigree of the 
 Byll family of Ashwell. 
 Haines, Cussans, and Chauncy all mention Nos. I.-V. 
 
 COTTERED. 
 On floor of chapel. 
 I. — Inscription — 
 
 " Hereunder lyeth buried the body of Litton 
 Pulter Esquier sonne and heire of Edward 
 Pulter, Esq who was mariyed to Penelope 
 Capell eldest daughter of Sr Arthur Capel 
 Knight by whom he had issve Margaret, Anne 
 John and Henry : which said Lyttou 
 Departed this life y® xxvi day 
 of June Alio Diii 1608." 
 The Pulter family were inhabitants of this parish, 
 and held the manors of Cottered and Broadfield, and 
 lived at the Manor house, a portion of which only now 
 remains. There are several inscriptions in this church 
 bearing the name of Pulter of various dates, and they 
 seem to have been connected with some of the same 
 name who are buried in Hitchin church according to 
 brass inscriptions there, and also were related by 
 marriage to the Lytton family of Knebworth, and with 
 the Chauncys and others. Arthur Pulter by his will 
 of 1689 gave some money for apprenticing poor children 
 of the parish, and the patronage of the rectory was in 
 the gift of the family from 1613 to 1762. 
 
 iJaines has no notice of this brass, but Chauncy 
 quotes it in full, and Cussans gives all that now remains 
 of it. 
 
 DATCHWOETH. 
 l^ear altar rails. 
 I. — A small brass on which is engraved a tree with 
 a serpent entwined round it, and a dove surrounded 
 with rays of glory at the top, and inscription under. 
 " Inclyta qvem natvra dedit qvo provida virt' 
 Nvtritt, Aonii qvem docvere chori : 
 Occidit hie Gvlielmvs Paine, vita), Artis, Amoriu 
 Gloria, raptarvnt mors fera terra polvs 
 Et sic ter felix vixit, ter amabile Icthvm 
 Tam trinis coeli mens satvrata bonis."
 
 ( 18 ) 
 
 A William Payne was rector from 1600 to 1622, 
 wlien he died. Neither Chauncy or Haines mentions 
 this brass. 
 
 DIGSWELL. 
 
 On floor of chancel. 
 
 1. — A large brass, with figures of a man and woman 
 
 and a portion of an inscription, and two shields. The 
 
 man is represented in a complete suit of armour, and 
 
 was pennon-bearer to Richard II. and master of the 
 
 horse to Joanne, Queen of England. Ki his feet rests 
 
 a panther or a leopard. The lady's dress is peculiar ; 
 
 she wears a long robe with very long sleeves, and has 
 
 an extraordinary head-dress with her hair elaborately 
 
 plaited ; at her feet is a hedgehog, and on her collar is 
 
 the figure of a small swan. Clutterbuck gives the 
 
 following inscription, hut only a small portion remains : 
 
 " Hie jacent Johannes Peryeut Arniiger pro corpore 
 
 Regis Eicardi | Secundi et Penerarius ejusdeni 
 
 Regis et arraiger regis Henrici quarti | et 
 
 Armig'etiam Regis Henrici quinti et Magister 
 
 Equor' Johanne | filie regis Navarr | et Regine 
 
 Anglie qui obiit et Johanna uxor ejus 
 
 quondam capitalis Doniicilla .... que obiit xiij 
 Aprilis a' D'ni MCCCCXV." 
 Cussans has an engraving of this fine brass, and states 
 that the knight came to England with Edward the 
 Black Prince. 
 
 II. — Man in armour, supposed to be John Peryent, 
 Esq. (son of the above). Part of his inscription is 
 missing, but Chauncy gives it thus : — 
 
 " Hie jacet Johannes Peryent Arraiger Fil | ius 
 Johannis Perient Armigeri qui obiit | ij die 
 Novembr' Anno dFii Millimo (CCCC quadragesimo 
 secundo cujus Aniniae propitietur Deus. Amen)." 
 This inscription is on a different stone to that on which 
 the figure is laid, and the man in armour has an in- 
 scription afiixed at his feet which belongs to another 
 brass. On either side of the head of this knight are 
 the emblems of St. Matthew and St. Luke, and most 
 likely those of the other two evangelists were placed at 
 the feet, but are lost. 
 
 III. — Man and woman in winding sheets, and two 
 shields and inscription — 
 
 " Hie jacet Williiis Robert quodra Auditor E'patus 
 Wynton et Joyes ilx' ej" qui quidin Willms obiit 
 
 die A dmi MCCCG et p'fata 
 
 Joyes obiit xxvij' die Februarii A" Dmi 
 MCCCCLXXXIIII qr aiabs ppiciet' de'." 
 Cussans says that these two figures represent Thomas 
 Robinson and his wife, whose inscription is at the feet 
 of John Perient, junr., but both Robert and Robinson 
 were related to the Perients. Robert was auditor of 
 the bishopric of Winton, and when his wife died had 
 the shrouded effigies fixed presumably to see how he 
 would look when he should be laid in the grave, and 
 his descendants seem to have omitted the date o1 his 
 decease. The Peryents, or Perients, were lords of the 
 Manor of Digswell for several years, and some of them 
 were elected sheriffs for the counties of Hertford and 
 
 Essex, and seem to have been of some importance in 
 their time. Cussans (p. 253) gives an ^ elaborate 
 pedigree from 1415 to 1679. They lived at Lockleys, 
 near Welwyn. 
 
 IV. — A man dressed in civilian costume and his wife, 
 with inscription under and figures of four sons and 
 eight daughters, also two shields at top charged with 
 thfi mercers' arras, and at the bottom one shield with a 
 double headed eagle tliereon, and one with a lion 
 rampant. The inscription reads — 
 
 " Hie jacet Thomas Hoore nup Civis et Mercerus 
 London et Alicia 
 uxor ejus qui quidin Thomas obiit xx° die Mensis 
 
 Marcii Anno 
 dni Millimo CCCCLXXXXV° quorum Animabus 
 ppicietur de' ame." 
 From the mouth of the man is a scroll inscribed — 
 
 " Deus ppicius esto michi peccatori." 
 Part of a scroll only is left from the woman's mouth 
 inscribed — 
 
 " Sea Trinitas [unus deus miserere nobis."] 
 
 v. — Figure of a man and his wife with inscription, 
 and four sons and six daughters under — ^ 
 " Of yo' charyte piay for the soules of Roberte 
 Battyll and 
 Margaret his wyfe and "William his sonne Which 
 
 Robarte decessed 
 ye fyrste day of Novebe A° MV'LVII on whose 
 Soules Jesu have mercy. 
 
 The foresaid William hade by Johan his 
 Wyfe iiij Sonnes and vj dowghters." 
 Haines says that this inscription does not belong to 
 the figures, but mentions it separately as No. VII. 
 One of the sis daughters named Joan married Thomas 
 Wilshere, of Welwyn, in 1572. and died in 1622. 
 Affabell Battell was rector of Digswell from 1685 to 
 1687, when he resigned the living, and was succeeded 
 by William Baltell, who died in 1729. Ralph Battell 
 was vicar of All Saints, Hertford, from 1662 to 1701, 
 and Mrs. Mary Battell was sometime organist at the 
 same church, and died in 1698. 
 
 YI. — Inscription only (see No. III.) — 
 " Hie jacet Thomas Robynson quodam Civis et 
 mercer' London et 
 Maria uxor ei' que obiit xxj die Septebr' A° dni 
 MCCCCLXXXXII q' q'dm 
 
 Thomas objit die A° dni M°CCCC 
 
 quor aiabs ppciet' de'. Amen." 
 
 YII. — Inscription only — 
 
 " Here sleep two sisters daughters of Sr Alexander 
 
 Cave Kt 
 Margaret Liv'd and dyed a vertvous maid ; Martha 
 
 (his xth childe) 
 Was the wife of John Champnes, rector of this 
 
 church who by 
 Her had issve one sonne & one davgliter Jvstiuian 
 
 and Mary 
 Obiit hoc par sororii eodera pariter die viz xxix jan 
 
 An epochoe christianou MDCXXXVII.
 
 ( 
 
 19 
 
 Foelices nimivtn dvlei queis raorte potitis 
 
 Sancta quies positis coatigit exvvijs 
 lo champ . mem . vxoris dolciss . ejusq . sor . 
 chariss: P.E.P.F." 
 Sir Alexander Cave's wife was Anne, one of the 
 daughters of Sir John Brocket, of Brocket Hall, Hat- 
 iield. Chauncy states that a tomb in the churchyard 
 was erected to the memory of John Charapneys, rector, 
 who died in 1626. 
 
 ' VIII. — Chauncy and Clutterbuck both mention the 
 following inscription which is not now to be seen : — 
 " Hie jacet Johannes Feld et Margeria uxor ejus 
 qui quidm 
 Johannes obiit xvii die mensis Junii a'o D'ni 
 
 mill'mo 
 CCCC septuagesimo IIII. et p' fata Margeria 
 obiit xxiii die 
 
 Decebris A° Dni MCCCCLXXXV quar' a'iabus 
 p'picietur Deus. Amen." 
 
 Haines notes Nos. I.-VI. ; Chauncy Nos. I.-III. 
 V. ; and Cussans all the above. 
 
 EASTWICK. 
 
 I. — Cussans states that "in the chancel is the matrix 
 of a brass to Hubert Lee, and two shields of arms. The 
 brass to his wife remains, and above and below the 
 woman are two shields, both alike, and inscription 
 under" — 
 
 " Eobert Lee Esquyer his bodie is buryed here 
 Who served wt kynge Edward firste a sewer menie 
 
 a yeare 
 And after to kynge Philipp and Mary quene of late 
 And last of Quene Elizabeth our Noble Prince in 
 
 state 
 And of the anncient Bagley howse in Cheshire 
 
 born was he 
 And in this Tomb with Joan his wife here buried 
 
 bothe they be 
 And whose good vertues on the earthe and there 
 
 deserved fame 
 This good remembrance after deth shall still renew 
 the same. 
 
 Which Eobert died ye 23 day of January 156-1 
 and the sayd Jone dyed tlie of ." 
 
 Cussans wrote the above about 1870, and when the 
 church was re -built a few years after nothing was 
 preserved of the brasses except one shield and the last 
 two lines of inscription, which are fixed on the wall of 
 the tower. Haines mentions the wife and inscription, 
 and Chauncy gives the inscription only, and the date of 
 the death of the woman as March 10th, 1595, and 
 states her Christian name was Jane. Salmon says that 
 the plate was a palimpsest with inscription — 
 
 " pray for the soul of Elinor I'ate wife to John 
 
 Pate and daughter of of Ilenlcy, the which 
 
 Elinor deceased 
 
 • of February the yere of our 
 Lord 1-21 on whose Sowle Jesu have mercy. 
 Amen." 
 
 yeares. 
 in 
 
 ESSENDON. 
 
 I. — A man and woman kneeling at a table, with the 
 figures of nine sons behind tlie man and three daughters 
 at the back of the woman. All the cliildren are 
 kneeling, and two books lie upon the table. Above 
 are one large and two small shields of arms, and 
 underneath is this inscription — 
 
 " Here lieth buried the bodies of William Tooke 
 late of Popes in the Countie of Hertf Esquier 
 Auditor of the Courte of wardes and liveries and 
 of Ales his wife one of the daughters of Robert 
 Barlee late of Bibhesworthe in the said Countie 
 Esquier, who weare maried togeather LVI yeares 
 and hrtd issue betwen them nyne sonnes and three 
 daughters. And after he had ben officer of the 
 said Courte by the space of xliiij yeares he died 
 the iiij dale of Decerabre, Anno Dili 1588 and in 
 the xxxi yeare of the reigne of Quene Elizabeth 
 when he was of the age of fowerscore 
 
 And the said Ales died the daie of 
 
 the yeiire of or Lord - — ." 
 This William Tooke was Lord of the Manor of 
 Essendon in the reign of Edward VI., and his 
 descendants lived at Pope's and in the neighbourhood 
 of Essendon and at Hertford for several generations. 
 A Walter Tooke was rector of Essendon from 1629 
 till his death in 1642. Pope's was a large mansion, of 
 which only the foundations are now to be seen, on the 
 farm called Pope's Farm, at West End, near Essendon. 
 It was pulled down about tiiirty years ago. The 
 Manor of Bybbysworth is near Kimpton, Herts. 
 
 II. — Three shields, all similar, with "modern" 
 inscription — 
 
 " Near this place was buried Henry Courtney, elder 
 
 son of Henry Marquiss of Exeter, by Gertrude, 
 
 his second wife daughter of William Blount, Lord 
 
 Montjoy by Elizabeth his first wife, daughter and 
 
 co-heir of Sir William Say, of Bedwell Park 
 
 Knt., which Elizabeth Lady Montjoy was also 
 
 buried in this church as appears by the will of 
 
 Lord Montjoy proved February 11, 1535. These 
 
 Arms were taken from a stone below when this 
 
 church was repaired 1778. The first quartering is 
 
 of Henry Marquiss of Exeter, son of William 
 
 Courtney, Earl of Devonshire, by Katherine 
 
 seventh daughter of King Edward IV. Second 
 
 quartering of Courtney ; tlie third of Say ; and 
 
 fourth of Redvers, Earl of Devon." 
 
 This Sir William Say was the founder of the " Say ' 
 
 Chapel at Broxbourn Church, where he was buried in 
 
 1529. Henry Courtenay, Marquess of Exeter, was 
 
 executed in 1539, and his arms and those of Gertrude, 
 
 his wife, can be seen in the arch of the west door of 
 
 Essendon Church, which may have been repaired or 
 
 re-built by him. 
 
 III.— Arms and crest. The inscription is gone. 
 These arms are those of Ralph Took, a grandson of 
 William Took, whose brass is in this Church (No. I.). 
 Chauncy gives the inscription — 
 
 " The body of Ralph Took, Eldest Son of Walter
 
 ( 
 
 20 
 
 ) 
 
 Took, EMest Son of "William Took (all of Pope's 
 
 in the Parish of Bishop's- Ilattield, Esq.) being 
 
 aged about 77 years, deceasing the 22tli day of 
 
 December, 1635, lyeth here interred, expecting an 
 
 happy Resurrect iou." 
 
 The arms were found fixed to a stone under the 
 
 pews when the church was rebuilt in 1883, but the 
 
 inscription was missing. Walti^r Tooke, the father of 
 
 Ralph Tooke, married Angelett Woodliffe, whose father 
 
 held the Manor of Worniley, and at her death it came 
 
 to the eldest son Ralph Tooke, and as he died without 
 
 children he gave it to his younger brothers George and 
 
 Thomas Tooke. Several of this name are buried in 
 
 Wormley Church, and Walter was patron of that 
 
 living in 1573 and 1598, Ralph in IGIO, and Ralph 
 
 and Thomas in 1630. Thomas Tooke in 1670, and 
 
 Richard Tooke in 1685, left by will a house and land, 
 
 for the benefit of the poor of Wormley, bringing in an 
 
 income of about £40 annually. A Mary Tooke, 
 
 described as a " widdowe," was a freeholder in the 
 
 borough of Hertford, 1621. 
 
 Haines mentions Nos. I. and II., but Chauncy notes 
 only No. I., and says that the Manor of Bedwell was 
 granted to Sir William Say by F.dward IV. Chauncy 
 also gives : " On a stone the effigies of a clergyman. 
 The brass is lost." 
 
 FLAM STEAD. 
 
 On chancel floor. 
 I. — Ecclesiastic and inscription, canopy and three 
 shields — 
 
 " Hie jacet magist' Johes Oudeby quondam Rector 
 istius Ecclie & de 
 Baroughby Lincoln dioc et Cauonicus in Ecclia 
 
 Collegiata be Marie 
 in Warr' ac Camerari' expte Comitis Warr' in 
 
 Socio dfii Regis qui 
 Obiit vii die nieiTs Marcii Anno dm M°cccc'xiiii 
 
 (. . • • •)" 
 This priest is dressed in ecclesiastical vestments, and 
 is wearing a cope, and originally had a scroll proceed- 
 ing from his mouth whicli Chauncy says was inscribed — 
 
 " Miserere miserator quia vere sum peccator 
 Unde precor licet reus miserere mei Deus." 
 The canopy above the head of the figure is_ partly 
 destroyed, and an indent remains on the stone within it 
 which formerly had a brass representing the Trinity. 
 On each side of the canopy are the indents of a shield, 
 and a shield is on either side of the figure bearing the 
 arras of the Earl of Warwick, who was the priest's 
 patron, and at the foot of the figure is a shield showing 
 a chevron between three lapwings. Coussans gives the 
 date of this brass as 1454. 
 
 This John Oudehy was also rector of Barrowby, in 
 Lincolnshire. A John Oudeby was chamberlain of the 
 royal treasury for the Earl of Warwick, and died in 
 1454. 
 
 II.— Man and woman and children. The inscription 
 is gone, and the bras-^es are much worn and seem to 
 date about 1450. The man is dressed in civilian 
 
 costume, with sleeves trimmed with fur ; his wife has 
 a plain dress and a peculiar iiead dress, and she has a 
 very small neck. Under the figure of the man are the 
 effigies of two boys, and two girls under that of the 
 woman. From each child originally was an inscribed 
 scroll proceeding, but these scrolls are all gone; the 
 shields at each corner of the stone are also missing. 
 
 Haines mentions both these brasses, which some 
 years ago were disinterred, having been buried a few 
 years previously by orders of the then existing persons 
 in authority. Chauncy does not mentioa No. II. 
 
 GADDESDEN (GREAT). 
 
 On chancel floor. 
 I. — Man, woman, three shields, and inscription — 
 " Hie jacent WillTils Croke et Alicia filia Willirii 
 ffaryngton militis 
 uxor dicti WillTHi qui quide prefatus Williiis Croke 
 
 obiit xxix 
 die mesis Octobris Anno dhi M" quingentesimo 
 sexto . . . ." 
 The man is dressed in a garment trimmed with fur, 
 with a fur collar and cuffs, his hair is long, and lie 
 wears a gypciere. The lady has a plain dress with fur 
 cuffs, and wears a pediraental head dress and a girdle 
 with a long end suspended from a buckle. The three 
 shields bear the arms of Croke and Farington, and 
 one shield is last. The brasses of one son and three 
 daughters are also gone. 
 
 A lady of the name of Agnes Croke was the prioress 
 of the priory of St. Giles-in-the-Wood, at Flamstead, 
 Herts, in 1523, and held the manor of Woodhali, near 
 Hemel Hempstead. 
 
 II. — Man and woman. The man has long hair and 
 wears a robe with large sleeves trimmed with fur. The 
 lady has a plain dress with fur cuffs, and an ornamental 
 girdle and pedimental head dress. The inscription is 
 gone, but Haines gives the date as about 1525. This 
 brass was loose in the vestry in 1884. 
 
 Chauncy does not notice either No. I. or No. II., 
 and Cussans only found No. I., while Haines gives 
 both No. I. and No. II. 
 
 HADHAM (GREAT). 
 In chancel. 
 I. — Inscription — 
 
 " Priez pur lalme Alban psone de hadhra." 
 This is all that remains of the inscription, and it is 
 snppiised to refer to Alan de Feu, who was rector of 
 the parish in 1372, 
 
 Under altar table. 
 
 II. — Half-length brass of an ecclesiastic in 
 academicals wearing a cap, who was probably one 
 of the rectors of the church about 1420. The in- 
 scription is lost. 
 
 Oi> floor of nave. 
 
 III. — Inscription only — 
 
 " Ilpre lyeth interred the body of Grace Goodman 
 Widowe late in habitant of this towne of
 
 ( 
 
 21 
 
 ) 
 
 Mvch Hadham in the Covntye of Hartfort 
 Who was formely wife to John Goodman 
 Esqvre by whome she had issve fowr Sons 
 And one davghter she departed this life ye 
 Six and twentieth daye of September Ano 
 Domini 1631 in the five and fiftieth 
 yeare of her age." 
 Perhaps one of her descendants was John Goodman, 
 who was rector from 1674 to 1690. 
 lY. — Inscription — 
 
 " Joane Guldsmyth the eldest childe of Clement 
 Newce late of Londo 
 Mercer, maryed sviii yeres to FFrauncys Goldsmyth 
 
 of Craiffd 
 in Kent. Gent, after the blessing of x children at 
 
 her age of xxxiii wt a 
 mooste assured fayth 'i ardent zeale Deptd this 
 lyfe ye xxii day of Oc- 
 • tober 1569, leaving a cofortable remebrac as well 
 as hir vertuous 
 lyfe as of her costant % godly end, wherefore ye 
 Lorde be praysed." 
 v.— Man in civic costume and h's wife, with in- 
 scription under, and brasses of eight sons and nine 
 daughters. At the top are shields with the arms of 
 the Newce family, and beneath are the arms of the 
 Mercers Company and of the City of London, and also 
 at the top, between the figures, is a barley crest. 
 
 " Here Resteth the boddyes of Clemeutt Newce of 
 Muche Hadham 
 in the Counttye of Hertford esquier somtyraes 
 
 Cyttezin and Mercer 
 of London who left this mortall lyfe the xxvii daye 
 
 of Septemb^ 
 in y'' yeare of our Lord 1579, And Mary his 
 
 wyfe who also left her 
 lyfe y^ xitb August in y'' yeare of our Lord 1582. 
 
 Whose soules resteth 
 With God. wch Clementt 1 Mary had betwene 
 them viii sonnes ^t ix daughters." 
 One of these nine daughters, named Sarah, married 
 a William Moore, of Great Hadham, and the eldest 
 daughter, Joane, was married to a Mr. Goldsmythe (as 
 above), and one of the sons, Samuel, married into the 
 Gyll family, of Wydial. A daughter, who is described 
 as Mary Hales, widow, probably a grand-daughter of 
 Clement Newce, sen., bequeathed by will, dated 1720, 
 £700 for the use of the poor of the parish. Thomas 
 Newce, Esq., was a sheriff of the county in 1616. 
 
 VI. — A man in civic costume between two wives, 
 with inscription under, and six sons and seven daughters, 
 with arms at the top and bottom corners, and also at 
 the top a barley crest. 
 
 " Here lyeth the body of William Newce late of 
 Mvchadham in the Covnty of Hartford Esq, Who 
 in his 1) fe tyme had two wy ves and by the former wife 
 had six sonnes and seaven daughters and left this 
 life the xxii of Febrvary 1010, whose sovle is 
 at rest with the Lord through the merritts 
 of ovr blessed Saviour Jesvs Christ." 
 
 He was probably a son of Clement Newce (No. V.), 
 and appears to have had no children by his second wife. 
 VII. — Inscription — 
 
 " Here lyeth Dianis Bvrtvn widow the eldest 
 davghter of 
 John Knitvn Esqr of Baford in Harfordshere 
 
 leaving issve 
 Marie Ladie Stanley of Patmore Hall in the same 
 
 covnty 
 Deceased the 4 daye of Febrvary Ano Doni 1616." 
 There are some brasses belonging to the Knighton 
 family in Bayford Church. 
 
 VIII. — One of the oldest memorials in Great 
 Hadham Church is a stone which has tliis inscription — 
 " Hie jacet Simon Flambard quondam rector huius 
 
 eclesie," 
 and it has upon it an indent of a brass cross with a 
 thin stem and a lion at the foot. Simon Flambard was 
 rector in 1331, but Boutell says the period was not; 
 later than 1280. 
 
 Haines states No. I. " a civilian and wife about 
 1520. Inscription lost." This brass is either missing 
 or covered over by pews. 
 
 Chauncy notes Nos. I. and III. only, and Haines 
 
 gives Nos. I. 
 all of them. 
 
 II., IV., v., VI., and Cussans mentions 
 
 HADHAM (LITTLE). 
 
 On floor of nave. 
 I. — Small brass of an ecclesiastic, and inscription — 
 " Here lyeth buried the body of ... . 
 
 This is very much defaced, and Haines (No. I.) 
 describes it as belonging to ' ' Rich. Waren parson of 
 Great Hadham about U70 in cope. Much worn." 
 Cussans says the name is probably " Henry Mard," 
 who was perhaps a former curate of this chapel, but 
 neither of the names appear in the list of rectors of 
 Great Hadham, with which living it was united. 
 
 II. — Man in armour with dog at his feet, and wife 
 and four daughters. The inscription is gone, but is 
 given by Chauncy and Clutterbuck. Haines says about 
 1485. 
 " Hie jacent Thomas Bawd filius Will'mi Bawd milit _ 
 
 qui quidem Thomas obiit xxiii die Augusti Anno D'ni 
 
 MCCCCXXX et Maria uxor dicti Thome obiit xv die 
 
 Mensis Augusti Anno D'ni MCCCCXXIII." 
 Clutterbuck and Chauncy also give an inscription, 
 which is missing — 
 " Hie jacet Will'mus Baud filius Will' Baud militis 
 
 qui obiit iiij die Februarii A° D'ni 1420, cujus aio 
 
 ppicietur Dens." 
 
 The family of the Bauds held the Manor of Hadham 
 Hall before 1270 to about 1505, when a Sir Thomas 
 Baud sold it to Lord D'Arcy, who sold it to Sir Wm. 
 Capel, from whom it descended to the present Earl of 
 Essex.
 
 00 
 
 ) 
 
 HARPEXDEX. 
 
 On east wall of north transept. 
 I. — Man, wife, and inscription — 
 " Hie jacent "Willms Anabull et Isabella uxor ejus 
 qui quideni Willms obiit iiij° mens Octobris Anno 
 
 dui Millmo CCCC'lvj^ [ ]" 
 
 These ilgures are very much worn and the features can 
 hardly be distinguished; they are wearing plain dresses, 
 and the man has a dog at his feet. The inscription 
 has had the conchiding words torn off. 
 
 The family of Annabull lived at the Manor House, 
 about 2^ miles distant from Harpenden, and William 
 Annabull held the manor of that name (which was also 
 called Kynnesbourne) in 142.5 until about 1473, when 
 it was disposed of. The coffins containing the bodies 
 of William and Isabella Annabull were found in the 
 vault under the chancel when the church was restored 
 in 1862. 
 
 0)1 nave floor. 
 II. — SmaU figures of a man and wife, with an 
 achievement and two shields and inscription — 
 
 " Here under lyeth buryed ye body of Willm Cressye 
 
 Esquyer wch Deceassed ye 24 daye of Octobre in 
 
 ye ffyrst yere of Queue Elizabeth. Grace Johnso 
 
 his wyfe Dyed ye 14 daye of February 1571 and 
 
 was one of the Dowghters of Robt. Darkenall of 
 
 Pensharste in ye couutie of Kente." 
 
 The man and his wife are each kneeling at a desk with 
 
 an open book thereon ; the former is habited in a long 
 
 robe trimmed with fur, and the lady wears the dress of 
 
 the_ early Elizabethan period. The achievement, of 
 
 which Cussans gives an engraving, shows the arms of 
 
 Cressye, &c., as also does the shield at the head of the 
 
 man, and over the head of the lady is a plain lozenge. 
 
 The Manor House of Rothanistead, near Harpenden, 
 was formerly the abode of the Cressy's, and Matthew 
 Cressy owned it about 1456, and was married to one of 
 the Perients of Digs well, whose brasses are found in 
 the church of that place. 
 
 Haines, Chauncy, and Cussans all mention these two 
 brasses, and Chauncy gives an inscription to Matthew 
 Cressy and his wife, 1478. 
 
 Several stones in the church show the indents of 
 brasses. 
 
 On wall of north transept. 
 III. — Inscription — 
 
 " In a vault beneath are interred the remains of Sir 
 John Wittewronge, Bart., of Rothamsted ; also 
 those of his family and descendants, his ancestors 
 having left Flanders, their native country, for the 
 sake of their faith, a.d. 1564. Mary, late wife 
 of Sir John Wittewronge, Bart., and daughter of 
 Sir Thomas Middleton, Bart., of Chirk Castle, co. 
 Denbigh, died April 4th, 1639. Jacob, son of 
 Sir John Wittewronge, died March 7th, 1645. 
 Anne, widow of Jacob Wittewronge, died Xov. 
 1st, 1648. Elizabeth, second wife of Sir John 
 Wittewronge, Bart., and daughter of Timothy 
 Middleton, of Stanstead Hall. Essex, died October 
 6th, 1649. Elizabeth, late wife of James Witte- 
 
 Avronge, Esq., and daughter of Robert Dickerson, 
 of Hillingdon, Esquire, died Sept. 20th, 1685. 
 Sir John Wittewronge, Bart., of Rothamsted and 
 Stantoubury, Bucks, died June 23id, 1693. James 
 Wittewronge, of Rothamsted, Esquire, died Sept. 
 28th, 1748. Thomas Wittewronge, of Rotham- 
 sted, Esquire, died June 14th, 1763. John Bennet, 
 of Rothamsted, Esq., great grandson of Sir 
 John Wittewronge, Bart., died December 10th, 
 1783. Thomas Lawes, Esq., died December 
 16th, 1789. Sarah, widow of John Bennet, of 
 Rothamsted, Esq., died May 7th, 1801. Mary, 
 widow of Thomas Lawes, Esquire, daughter of 
 Thomas Bennet, Esquire, and great granddaughter 
 of Sir John Wittewronge, Bart., died December 
 11th, 1816. John Bennet Lawes, of Rothamsted, 
 Esq., died October 2oth, 1822. Marianne Lawes, 
 widow of John Bennet Lawes, died October 28th, 
 1875, in her 86th year." 
 Her remains are interred in the churchyard. The 
 vault having been closed, a marble cross has been 
 erected. 
 
 IV. — Brass in memory of Gerard Wolfe Lydekker, 
 M.A., of Harpenden Lodge, in this parish. Esquire, 
 barrister-at-law, J. P. for the counties of Hertford and 
 Bedford, and Deputy-Chairman of Quarter Sessions 
 for West Herts, born at Rochester, July 10th, 1811, 
 died at the Lodge, February r2th, 1851. His remains 
 lie in the family vault in the churchyard of St. Peter's, 
 St. Albans. 
 
 HATFIELD. 
 
 On pier of arch ficar chapel. 
 I. — Arms of Onslow and inscription under — 
 " Here lyeth buryed ffulke Onslowe gentleman (of 
 the progeny of Onslowesof Onslowe in ye counfye 
 Of Salop) and Mary his wyfe wch Mary fynnyshed 
 her course of this mortall lyfe upon Monday 
 beying the viiith daye of October in the yere of 
 our Lord God 1582. And the said ffulke up- 
 on Sunday beyinge the viiitli day of Aug. 1602." 
 On floor under tower. 
 II. — Two shields at the bottom and one at the left 
 corner at the top, with the arms of Onslow and inscrip- 
 tion in the middle. The one shield and figure of a 
 man are missing from the stone. 
 " Fulco Onslowe armiger nvper suinee curiae 
 Parliamenti pronotarivs divtvrno langvesceus 
 Morbo 6° idvvm Avgsti ano reparatte salvtis 1602 feta- 
 lis svfc 88° indvmentvm hoc mortale homo in 
 mortalem animam Deo intima charitatvm vis- 
 cera amicis commendavit & cvi posvere 
 Hoc Monvmentvm memoriae & amoris ergo 
 Conjvnctissimvs familiaritate consan- 
 gvinevs ejvs Reginaldvs Scriven & Cha- 
 rissima conjvx Eiizabetha." 
 Cussans states that the advowson of the rectory of 
 Hatfield was conveyed to a Richard Onslowe, Esq., in 
 1563, and his son Edward sold it in 1607. The Manor
 
 ( 
 
 ) 
 
 of Astwick, near Hatfield, came into the possession of 
 Baron Onslowe through his wife; he dying in 1717 
 it descended to his son, the second baron, who soon 
 afterwards sold it. The first inscription denotes the 
 day of the week upon which both Ffulke Onslowe and 
 his wife died. 
 
 Cussans mentions both Nos. I. and II. ; Chauncy 
 records No. II. only ; and Haines omits both. 
 
 HEMEL HEMPSTEAD. 
 On ivall of south aisle. 
 I. — Man and wife, two shields, and inscription — 
 " Roberd Albyn gist icy, et Mergr[ete sa femme] 
 oneke ly Deu de lez aim' eyt m[ercy Amen."] 
 The words in brackets are missing, but were to be seen 
 when Chauncy wrote his history in 1700. These 
 brasses are well preserved. The man is habited in a 
 complete suit of armour, he wears a bascinet, and his 
 sword is suspended from a belt girded horizontally 
 across the hips, and hangs behind the figure, and his 
 feet are resting upon a wolf. The lady has an elaborate 
 head dress of the style of the latter part of the four- 
 teenth century, her dress is plain, and over it she wears 
 a long cloak fastened at the shoulders with cords and 
 tassels. At her feet is a dog with collar and bells. 
 Her head is resting on a cushion with tassels. One 
 shield is fixed above the head of the male figure bearing 
 three lapwings on a bend, and another shield over the 
 lady charged with the arms of Alvyn or Alban. The 
 inscription is in Xorman-French, but no date is 
 mentioned upon it. Haines gives an engraving of the 
 man,''and states the date about 1100. Boutell engraves 
 the upper portion of the male figure, showing the 
 bascinet, and says the date is a.d. 1360. Clutterbuck, 
 in his history, has a full page engraving of the whole 
 of the brasses, taken in 1815. Chauncy gives the 
 inscription as perfect, and says the brasses were " fixed 
 upon a fair tomb," but they are now on the wall of the 
 church. 
 
 Henry of Albin and his son Robert of Albin are 
 mentioned by Chauncy in connection with the Manor 
 of Sopwell, St. Albans, about 1140. In Great Hadham 
 Church, Herts, is a Xorman-French inscription to a 
 " parson " of that place of the name of Alban, about 
 1372. 
 
 HERTFORD.— All Saints. 
 Onjlo.or of south aisle. 
 I. — Indent of a brass to the chief cook of Queen 
 Catharine, daughter of Charles VI. of France and wife 
 of Henry V. Inscription only now remains — 
 " Icy gyst Maistre Jehu Hunger escuyer jadix Maistrs 
 Queux de la Royne Katheryne lequel trespasea 
 
 le xnae jo' 
 doctobre I'an de gee MCCCCXXXV. dont dieux ait 
 
 I'arae." 
 Queen Catherine lived at Hertford Castle, which was 
 a place of some note at that period. 
 
 On floor of nave. 
 II. — Inscription only — 
 " Orate paTa Thome Boole qui obiit xxvi die Aprilis 
 Anno dni Mill'o CCCCLVI cui aTe ppciet deus amen." 
 _ Haines makes a note of No. I. of these two inscrip- 
 tions, and Chauncy omits to mention them, but gives 
 one as under — 
 
 " Hie jacet Johannes Prest quondam Janitor Hospitii 
 
 Katheriuie nuper Reginse Anglia3 " 
 
 and he adds: "This Prest was Porter to Katherine, 
 Queen of England, who was the only wife of that 
 Invincible Conqueror of France, Henry V., Daughter of 
 Charles, the Son of Charles aforesaid. King of France." 
 And he also mentions other inscriptions formerly 
 existing in the church, but now missing. In Weever's 
 " Funeral Monuments " they are given. 
 
 " Of your Cheritye prayeth to God and Alhalwin 
 hertely For Syr John Chappilaine, somtym of dis 
 plas Vicary Almighty Jesu resscue his Sowl to 
 grase and mercy." 
 John Chapelyn was appointed vicar in 1409. 
 " Icy gist Isabele Xewraarch jadis Daraosele 
 a tres noble Dame Isabele Roigne d'Engleterre." 
 This Isabel Newmarch, or De Novo Marcato (a name 
 of great reputation in the reign of King Henry III.), 
 was maid of honour to that Isabel, Queen of England, 
 who was second wife to Richard II. and daughter of 
 Charles VI., King of France. 
 
 " Hie jacet Ludovicus Baysbury, capell. Henrici 
 sexti ac Prehend, ecclesiae Cathedral Lincoln. — 
 MCCCCXXVIII." 
 " Here lyeth under this ston William Wake 
 And by him Joane his wife and make 
 Sometym yeman of John Due of Bedford's hors 
 And lat Survayor with King Henry Sixt he was 
 Gentylman mad he was at the holy grav 
 On ywos sowls Almighty God mercy have." 
 The above mostly refer to servants employed by various 
 members of the Royal Family of the period, who 
 occasionally occupied Hertford Castle. 
 
 All Saints' Church has been " repaired and beauti- 
 fied," enlarged and altered so many times that all the 
 above inscriptions, except Nos. I. and II. and various 
 brass figures, have disappeared. 
 
 St. Andrew. 
 I.— Inscription — 
 
 " Here lyeth bvried the Body of Bridget Whitgifte 
 late wife of Robert CollTgwood, one of ye Sonnes 
 of Sr Cvthbert Collingwood Knight. She deceased 
 ye last of Febrvary, 1610." 
 Cussans adds the words "of Canterbury" after the 
 name of Bridget Whitgifte, but Chauncy gives the 
 inscription without them, and tliey are certainly not on 
 the brass. Haines does not mention the brass, and 
 Turnor, in bis " History of Hertford," quotes it from 
 Chauncy and Salmon, and it seems that after Chauncy 
 copied the inscription the plate by some means was 
 buried, and was found about two feet below the surface 
 when the church was rebuilt in 11J78, and it is now 
 fixed in the middle aisle.
 
 24 
 
 ) 
 
 HEIITIXGFOIIDBURY. 
 
 On floor of chancel. 
 I. — Inscription only — 
 <' Phelip 1 Isabel filles a Robert dfi 
 
 Loutlie giset icy Dieu de lu almes eit m'cy." 
 Clutterbuck and Chaiincy add the following inscrip- 
 tion, of which only the matrix remains and also of a 
 shield — 
 
 " Robert de Lowthe et Johane sa feme gisent icy 
 
 Dieu de ses aimes eut mercy." 
 At Tewin is an inscription on an old stone to a 
 "Walter de Louthe, who was rector there from 1312 to 
 1356. The Manor of Ludwyk, near Hatfield, belonged 
 to the family in 1329, and Roger de Luda, or Louth, 
 represented the county in Parliament from 1336 to 
 
 1352, and a Robert was living at Hertingfordbury 
 about 1-180. Roger de Louth was M.P. for Herts in 
 
 1353, and Robert de Louth also in 1383 and 1384. 
 XL — Inscription and two shields — 
 
 " Here vnder this stone lye bvried the bodyes of 
 Thomas Ellis 
 Gentleman (Sonne of Stephen Ellis of Kennyngton 
 
 in the 
 Covutye of Kent Gentleman) and Grace his wife 
 
 (daughter of 
 Owen Hawkins Cittizen & Mercer of London) who 
 
 lived togea- 
 ther man & wife xlix yeares & 7 monethes and odd 
 
 dayes and 
 had issve betwixt them one Sonne onlye named 
 
 Fravncis (which 
 lived but three weekes & tliree dayes after his 
 
 birth) the 
 aforesaide Thomas departed this life the iiiith day of 
 
 Febrvary 
 1608, and the saide Grace afterwards departed this 
 
 life, the 23 day of March An° Diii 1612." 
 Cussans says that Grace Ellis, widow, by will dated 
 20th February, 1613, left £2 annually to the poor of 
 the parish, and Chauncy adds, "upon the Anniversary 
 Day of her Burial for ever." Haines has no mention 
 of the above No. II., which is interesting from the 
 mention of the duration of married life, the happy pair 
 having lived together for nearly fifty years, and in a 
 few more months would have been able to celebrate 
 their golden wedding. 
 
 HINXWORTH. 
 
 On south Kail of chancel. 
 I. — Man and wife. The man wears a plain dress 
 and has a rosary at his waist ; his hair is cut short, and 
 he appears to be a civilian of the 15th century. The 
 lady IS also plainly attired in a dress trimmed with fur, 
 and has a kerchief falling over her shoulders from the 
 back of her head. The inscription is gone, but Chauncy 
 gives it as — 
 
 " Orate pro . . . Simonis "Ward & Elenaj uxoris 8ua3 
 qui quidem Simon obiit ii Decemb. 1453 & Elena 
 obiit 21 Aug 1481. Quorum " 
 
 A Jokii "Ward was Lord Mayor of London in 1484, 
 and held the Manor of Pullers in the parish of Hinx- 
 worth. Chauncy says he put a new roof to the church, 
 and his coat of arms is engraved in wood, and that the 
 manor was sold at his death to John Lambard (Brass 
 No. II.). 
 
 On floor of nave. 
 
 II. — Man, wife, children, shields and scrolls. These 
 figures are very fine, and the whole forms a splendid 
 group. The man is dressed in the robes of an alderman, 
 elaborately trimmed with fur ; he has a girdle fastened 
 round the waist by a buckle, from which is suspended a 
 gypciere and a rosary ; his hair is cut short. The brass 
 of this figure, and also that of the lady, is remarkably 
 well preserved. The lady wears a plain dress trimmed 
 with fur, with an ornamented girdle suspended from 
 her waist ; her neck is bare ; her waist is small, and 
 her arms are particularly slender, with fur cuffs on her 
 bands; her hair is brushed off her forehead, and she 
 wears a wired or butterfly bead-dress similar to Lady 
 Say on a brass in Broxbourne Church. At the feet of 
 the figure of the man are small figures of four sons, 
 three of whom are of nearly equal size and similar 
 costume, and one of them wears a gypciere ; the other 
 son is shown of a larger size, and is dressed in the 
 robes of a priest, and who probably was the eldest son. 
 Under the feet of the lady is a small figure of a girl 
 with long hair hanging down her back below her waist 
 and dressed similar to her mother, and also a larger 
 figure of a female, probably the eldest daughter, who 
 wears a dress trimmed with fur, laced up the front ; 
 she also has cuffs, and wears a necklace and a peculiar 
 head-dress with cap. From the mouth of the figure of 
 the man proceeds a scroll, inscribed—" In [Manus tuus 
 Domiue] commendo Spfn meii et c' &," and from that 
 of the lady inscribed " Credo videre bona din in terra 
 Yiventium." Above the figures are three shields, one 
 of which bears the arms of Saint Alban, another one is 
 much worn and undistinguishable, and the middle one 
 has upon it the arms of the Mercers Company. At the 
 bottom are also three shields bearing arms, probably of 
 the man and his wife, and the middle one has the trade 
 mark of a merchant. The inscription is gone, but is. 
 given by Chauncy as — 
 
 " Orate pro animabus Johannis Lambard Civis 
 & Merceri ac 
 
 Aldermanni London qui obiit 1487 & Annaj uxoris 
 suiie que obiit 
 
 Quorum Anime per misericordiam Dei in pace eterna 
 requiescant. Amen." 
 John Lambard was owner of the manor of Pulters, 
 and Chauncy states he was master of the Mercers' 
 Company of London, and one of the aldermen of that 
 city. His son Thomas Lambard succeeded him in the 
 manor. His name is given as Thomas Lambert, gent., 
 as possessing land at flinxworth in 1545. John Lam- 
 barde was sheriff of the City of London in 1460. Stow, 
 in his " Survey of London," says that " John Lam- 
 berde, draper, alderman, one of the sheriffs of London, 
 who deceased 1554, and was father to AVilliam Lam-
 
 ( 
 
 25 
 
 ) 
 
 barde, Esquire, well known by sundry learned books 
 that he hath published, has a monument to his 
 memory in St. Michael's Church, Wood Street." The 
 wills of John Lambard and liis wife, represented 
 by the brasses, are at Somerset House. 
 On floor of chancel. 
 III. — Inscription only — 
 " Here lyeth buried the body of Andre we Gray of 
 Hinxworth in y^ County of Hartfd Esqr., in his lyfe 
 time he was double reader of y® lawe in y^ Inner 
 
 Temple 
 
 in London he chaung'd this lyfe for immortallitie y^ 
 
 13th day of Janvary Aho Dfii 1614 ^tatis Sva3 85." 
 
 This Mr. Gray, whose Christian name is given by 
 
 Chauncy as well as Cussans as " Jolin," also possessed 
 
 the manor of Pulters, having purchased it of Thomas 
 
 Lambard. 
 
 Chauncy mentions all these three brasses ; Haines 
 gives No. II. only; while Cussans gives No. I., and 
 totally ignores the existence of Nos. II. and III. 
 
 HITCHIN. 
 
 On floor of chancel. 
 
 I. — Ecclesiastic in cope, elaborately adorned, and 
 having the sacred monogram on the breast ; at the top 
 left-hand corner is a representation of a heart with five 
 drops issuing from it, and on the right another heart is 
 missing, and also two shields at the bottom. The 
 inscription is gone, which is given by Chauncy — 
 
 *' Hie jacet Jacobus Hert in Theologia Baccalaureus, 
 ac Vicarius hvjus Ecclesiae, qui obiit 23 Jan. 1498." 
 
 Boutell has an illustration of this brass, and gives 
 the date as about 1400. Haines says it represents 
 James Hert, B.D., who was vicar and died in 1498, 
 and notices the two hearts as a rebus upon his name. 
 
 II. — Man and wife, four sons, six daughters, and 
 inscription — 
 
 " hie jacent qudiia marcatoris Stapule Ville 
 
 Calesie, 
 qui obiit xix die mens? Apri]isA'=DniM°CCCC°LIP 
 
 Et paie Alicie ux^ei^q^ obiit die A° Dili 
 
 M=CCCC° " 
 
 There is nothing to show the name of the man to 
 whose memory his widow fixed this brass, leaving the 
 dates to be filled in when it came to her turn to depart 
 this life, but her children evidently forgot to have it 
 done. The arms of the Staple of Calais are found 
 in various parts of the church, and Cussans says it was 
 probably built in the early part of the loth century by 
 the merchants of the Staple then living at Hitchin. 
 On altar tombs. 
 
 III. — A man and wife. The man is dressed as a 
 civilian, the wife wears gauntlets, and both the figures 
 are shown with the hands touching at the tips of the 
 fingers. The inscription is lost, but Haines (No. IX.) 
 gives the date about 1.53i». The figures of four sons 
 and four daughters remain. The lady wears a sash 
 passed through three rings. 
 
 IV. — A man and his wife, both dressed in shrouds, 
 
 with one shield at the top, and three sons and five 
 daughters at the bottom. The inscription is gone, but 
 Haines saj's the date (Xo. YII.) is 1490. Perhaps 
 Thomas Abbot and wife, 1493. 
 
 On floor of nave, 
 V. — A man in loose robes and his three wives, all 
 alike in appearance and dresses with the exception of 
 one wife to the left of the man, who has a different 
 shaped girdle on. There is no inscription to show who 
 the worthy man was who was so fond of matrimony, 
 but perhaps the date is about the middle of the 16th 
 century. No mention is made of this brass by either 
 Haines, Chauncy, or Cussans. Similar ones are at 
 Offley. 
 
 On floor under toiver. 
 YI. — A lady, about loth century, with face very 
 indistinct. No inscription remaining. Not mentioned 
 by Haines. 
 
 VII. — Shield with Inscription under — 
 " Here lyeth John Pulter Esquier late of 
 Hitchin who deceased about the xxit 
 Daye of June An^ 1485." 
 It does not seem quite certain that the day of the month 
 is given correctly. Haines says that this was engraved 
 about 1550. 
 
 1)1 chancel aisle. 
 
 VIII. — Inscription — 
 
 " Here lyeth Williiil Pulter Esquire late of Hit- 
 chin who dyed y*^ 23 daye of Maye Anno 
 1549, % ye thirde yeare of Edward y" Sixte." 
 The Pulter family were Lords of a Manor at Hitchin 
 called Moremead, and it was sold by Edward Pulter in 
 1582. Edward Pulter was a copyholder in 1608 and in 
 1625, and an Edward Pulter was one of the gentlemen of 
 the county who was compelled to lend £10 to Iving 
 Charles I. Several of the family are buried at Cottered 
 in this county, where they lived. 
 Under tower. 
 IX. — Man and wife with features very indistinct ; no 
 inscription ; probably dated about 1480 to 1530. 
 Under chancel arch. 
 X. — Man and woman in winding sheets, with four 
 sons and four daughters. Cussans gives an engraving 
 of the two figures, and says that probably they are those 
 to whom the following inscription belongs, which is now 
 missing, but is quoted by Chauncy — 
 
 " Orate pro aniraabus Richardi Edmunds fabri istius 
 Villaj, et Johannis Web, et Mnrgaretta uxoriseoruni 
 quidem Ricardusobiitpriniodie Octobris Anno 1472. 
 Quoram animabus propitietur Deus." 
 Near screen. 
 XI. — Feet of a man and figure of a woman, very 
 much worn, and inscription under nearly illegible — 
 "Hie jacet Johes Pulter draper qui obiit xxv die 
 Fcbruarii Anno Dni 
 MilloCCCCXXI. Et Lucia Pulter uxor ejus qui . . 
 
 hris Anno Dfii Millo CCCCXX " 
 
 The above describes the man's trade, and the name of 
 Pulter is repeated after the wife's Christian name.
 
 ( 
 
 26 
 
 ) 
 
 In south aisle. 
 XII. — Inscription — 
 
 " Here lyethe tlie Bodye of John Parker late of 
 Lewes in the Counlie of Sussex Gentleman who 
 deceassed the thirtith daye of September Anno 
 domini 1578 Annoq etatis suce XLYIII." 
 The matrix of the effigy is remaining on the stone. 
 
 A Eobert Parker was patron of tlie living of Hexton, 
 near Hitchin, in 1598, and he is described as being a 
 copyholder of the manor of " Hutchen" in 1608. 
 Near screen. 
 
 XIII. — Man and wife, dressed alike. The man has 
 his hair cut very short, or wears a fur skull cap. His 
 outer garment is trimmed wilh fur at the neck, wrist- 
 bands and bottom, and he has an under-garment of 
 fur, as seen by an opening above his feet, showing 
 him to have been a wealthy merchant. The wife has 
 a heart-shaped head-dress, with handkerchief falling 
 over her shoulders. The inscription is missing, but 
 there are the initials " T. A.," or " J. A.," carved on 
 the side of the altar-tomb, and Chaimcy gives the 
 following : — 
 
 " Hie jacent Thomas Abbot de Hitchen Merceras et 
 Johanna Uxor ejus qui quidem Johannes obiit ultimo 
 die Januarii Anno Dom. 1481. qui ninlta dona contulit 
 huic Ecclesiffi et Fraternitati Nativitatis Beata3 Marife 
 Virginis ejusdem Ecclesia3." 
 
 " Hie jacet Thomas Abbot qui quidem Thomas erat 
 
 Filius Thoma3 Abbot sen. et predictus Thomas obiit 
 16 Mail 1493 et dicta die Mensis 1400 ." 
 
 This latter inscription probably belongs to No. IV. 
 
 XIV. — Woman, with feet broken off. She has very 
 long hair, naked arms and legs, and is wearing a shroud 
 tifed above her hair and fastened in front with a wooden 
 pin. There is no inscription remaining. 
 XV. — Woman in shroud. 
 
 Cussans omits Nos. V., VI., IX., and XII., and 
 Chauncy III.,IV., v., VI., IX., and XII. Haines 
 omits v., VI., and IX., and adds (No. IV. of which 
 Cussans gives inscription quoted from Salmon) — 
 " Hie jacet Johannes Beel et Margeria ux. ejus quae 
 
 Marg. oh. iv May MCCCCr^XXVII et Johan 14 . . ." 
 The woman, No. XV., may be this Margery Beel. The 
 brass of her husband and inscription are gone. Haines 
 (No. VI.) also adds (given by Cussans as formerly 
 existing) — 
 
 "... pora Nicholai Mattok M'catoris Stapule villas 
 calesie ac Civis t Piscenarii Civitat London ac bone 
 t landabilis Generose Elizabeth uxoris sute q' quidem 
 Nich'us obiit . . . die mens' . . . A°DiiiMCCCG . . . 
 Et dicta Elizabeth obiit vicesimo sexto die Mensis 
 
 Septebris A° Dhi MCCCCLXXV° " 
 
 Haines also gives an engraving of a brass, formerly in 
 this church, having a hawk at tlie feet of a priest and 
 a spear, representing Dr. Jobn Sperehawke, who was 
 vicar in 14-53. Nothing now is seen but the matrices 
 of the figure and of two hearts at the top with scrolls 
 over them. Cussans gives several inscriptions that at 
 one time were to be seen, and Haines says that the 
 
 church must have been formerly paved with brasses, as 
 there evidently were such a large number. 
 
 HUNSDON. 
 I. — A man with huntsman's horn hanging on one 
 side and a sword on the other. He is shown on the 
 brass as shooting at a stag with a cross-bow, and the 
 figure of Death, as a skeleton, is striking a dart into 
 the man and also one into the stag. A scroll issues 
 from Death's head inscribed " Sic Pergo." The 
 figures probably denote that the man lost his life while 
 he was pursuing his occupation of hunting. The 
 inscription under states — 
 
 " Beloved of all whilst he had Lyfe 
 Vnmoened of none when he did die 
 James Gray interred of his wife 
 Neer to this Deaths-Signe Brasse doth lie 
 Yeares tliirtie-fyve in good renowne 
 Parke and housekeper in this towne 
 
 Obiit 12 die Decembris A° Dni 1591 
 .^tatis sve 69." 
 Chauncy has no mention of this curious brass ; 
 Haines notices it, and Cussans has an engraving of it ; 
 and an engraving and description of it can be found in 
 the GentleiJiati's Magazine ior 1795. Boutell also has 
 an engraving. 
 
 II. — Figure of a female and inscription — 
 
 " Hie jacet Margareta Shelley nup ux Johannis Shelley 
 
 nup. civis & Merceri london, que ol)iit xxvii° die 
 
 mensis Marcij. A° dni MTCCCLXXXXV cui' 
 
 aie ppiciet dens." 
 
 The lady is clothed in a shroud, with her hair 
 
 hanging over her shoulders. The knot at the top of 
 
 her head and also at her feet is gone. From her mouth 
 
 proceeds a scroll, part of which is missing, inscribed — 
 
 " spiritus m." 
 
 There formerly was a shield and also a representation 
 of the Holy Trinity, but these are both gone. John 
 Shelley is stated by Chauncy to have been a witness to 
 a deed referring to the Manor of Hunsdon in 1476, 
 and also Thomas Shelley. Nicholas Shelley was a 
 burgess of the borough of Hertford in 1554, and 
 William Shelley was living in the parish of Cheshunt 
 in 1520. 
 
 III. — Inscription only — 
 
 " hie jacet Willm? Gray primogenit henrici* 
 Gray, militis et Anne consortis sue qui 
 obiit vii° die Augusti Anno dni M°Vc 
 XVII° cuius aie ppicietur dens. Amen." 
 This William Gray was probably an ancestor of 
 James Gray mehtioned in No. I. 
 
 Nos. I. and II. are noted by Haines, and I., II., 
 and III. by Cussans, but Chauncy only mentions 
 
 No. II. 
 
 IC^LEFORD. 
 On nave floor. 
 I. — Man, woman, and inscription — 
 " Hie jacent Thomas Somer^: Mariona Uxor ejus que 
 Mariona obiit t' cio Nonar Januar quor^ aiabz 
 ppciet dJ."
 
 ( 
 
 27 
 
 ) 
 
 The figures are half-length, and the man is placed on 
 the right side of the woman ; he has a plain dress, his 
 hair is short, and he has a moustache and beard with 
 two points. The lady is plainly dressed, has a kerchief 
 on her head falling on to her shoulders, and wears cuffs 
 with buttons. The last four words of the inscription 
 are slightly defaced. The 3rd of January is stated, but 
 the date of the year has not been given. 
 
 Chauncy does not mention this brass, Cussans notices 
 it, and Haines gives the date as about 1400. 
 
 IPPOLLITTS. 
 
 On chancel wall. 
 I.— Man, woman, children, and inscription — 
 " Here lyeth buryed the bodye of Alice Hughes late 
 Wyfe to Ryce Hughes Cytyzen and Haberdasher of 
 London by whome she had Issue one sonne Tb two dau 
 ghters all deceased and lye buryed lykewys in this ch 
 urch at ye Chauncell dore shee beyng ye daughter of 
 
 Tho- 
 mas Bybsworth, an ancient Dweller in this parryshe. 
 Shee dyed y« xvith of August 1594, being of age xxix 
 yers. 
 
 Her bodie and bones y® ground doth possesse 
 Her sowle to Heaven is gone for redresse 
 "Who livinge in lyfe did dy unto sinne 
 And djinge by Deathe to lyve did begynne." 
 The figures are kneeling each side of a table on which 
 are two open books with clasps. The man wears a 
 cloak and a ruff, has knee breeches and low shoes, and 
 his hair is short ; his wife has a plain dress with girdle 
 and rufi", and wears a hat with round top, similar to 
 those worn by men at the present day. Behind the 
 roan a small boy is kneeling, wearing a plain dress and 
 ruff, and at the back of the lady are her two daughters, 
 plainly dressed alike, wearing ruffs and caps. 
 
 According to the inscription the lady was buried with 
 her children near the chancel door, and was the daughter 
 of Thomas Bybsworth, whose family were connected 
 with the parish of Kimpton. 
 
 On floor of north aisle. 
 
 II. — Inscription — 
 
 " Hic jacet Robert? Poydres % Alicia ux ej . . . 
 Anno dhi Millirao CCCC piimo . . . ." 
 This inscription is mutilated, and is noticed by Cussans, 
 who says that in 1381 Robert Poydras, with others, 
 held an inquisition at Codicote on 12th October. 
 
 Chauncy mentions Xo. I., Haines and Cussans Xos. 
 I. and II. 
 
 KELSHALL. 
 
 On floor of nave. 
 I.— Man and wife, both of them wearing a girdle 
 and having long hanging sleeves. The brasses are 
 much worn. The man's hair seems to be out close, 
 and the woman has a kerchief over her head hanging 
 down in folds over her shoulders. Inscription under — 
 " Her lyth the bones of Rychard Adane % Maryon his 
 Wyff : God g'ant 
 
 Ther soules ev'lastyng lyff. The which Rychard 
 
 dyed 
 
 In ye yer of our Lord MCCCC The which 
 
 Rychard Adane as 
 y. now say, Leyd here hys ston in hys lyff day. The 
 
 yer of our Lord was 
 yan trulie M.CCCC fyve t thyrtty : Man yt behoveth 
 
 ofte to have in 
 mynde, that you gevest wt one honde yat shalt you 
 
 fynde, for women 
 ben slowful \ chyldren bey unkynde, Executors bey 
 
 coveytous % kepe all 
 yt. yey fymle ; For our bothe soules unto ye t' nyte 
 
 seyeth a [pat'nt] for charite." 
 Mr. Richard Adane evidently had a very poor 
 opinion of his wife and family and executors, who seem 
 to have proved that his judgment was somewhat correct 
 by neglecting to complete the history of his life by not 
 recording the date of his death upon the brass, which 
 he was so careful to have laid down during his life- 
 time. Haines (p. 180) gives the above inscription in 
 full, and Chauncy also mentions it. 
 
 An inscription, which is supposed to have been taken 
 from this church, is mentioned by Chauncy as being 
 upon a chimney-piece in the house of " Mr. Fordham, 
 of this town," and Cussans says it is now in the 
 possession of Mr. John Fordham, of Royston. 
 " Of yor charite pray for the souU of John For- 
 dhm Eleu % Johaii his wyfes whyche John 
 decessed the vi dny of Marche tlie yere or lo 
 rd god MV°XXVJ on wos souUs ihu have ..." 
 The Fordhams are an old and extensive family of the 
 neighbourhood, and Cussans gives an elaborate pedigree 
 relating to them, commencing with the above John 
 Fordham and extending to the year 1869. 
 
 KIMPTOX. 
 On floor of chancel. 
 
 I._Alady. Inscription gone. 
 
 The figure is habited in a long robe with large 
 sleeves, and has a high waist. The hair hangs over 
 her shoulders as far as the elbows, and is confined 
 around her brows by a broad band, which is ornamented 
 with three jewelled studs ; she has a similar band 
 around the waist, and a small dog, with collar and 
 bells, is at her feet. Cussans says the date of the 
 costume is about 1450. Haines has no notice of this 
 brass, but Chauncy says that "there is a gravestone 
 which has the name of Margaret Bibbysworth inscribed 
 upon it," so tliat it may belong to one of this family, 
 who owned the Manor of Great Bibbesworth, the last 
 male representative of which died without issue in 
 1485. A daughter of Thomas Bybsworth has a brass 
 to her memory in the church at Ippollitts. 
 
 KING'S LANGLEY. 
 
 On floor of north chancel aide. 
 L— Man and "two wives, children, and inscription— 
 <' Here lyeth the body of lohn Carter late of 
 Gifres, who had 2 wives, by the first he had issue
 
 ( 
 
 28 
 
 ) 
 
 4 sonnes & 5 daughters, & by ye second lie had issue 
 
 5 sofies & 4- daughters, he was buried ye 9 of August, 
 
 1588." 
 The man and wives are represented as standing on 
 footstools ; the former is wearing a large cloak and is 
 bare-headed, and the two wives are dressed in the 
 costume of the time of Elizabeth ; the children are all 
 dressed in the same old-fashioned style, and each wife 
 has a separate brass for her family. 
 
 An Edward Carter was vicar of this parish from 
 1670 to 1687, and the name is frequently mentioned in 
 the registers. 
 
 On floor of south chancel aisle. 
 
 II- — Female, wearing a brocaded petticoat and a 
 kerchief on her head falling in folds on her shoulders, 
 of about the year 1600. 
 
 II.* — Female, wearing a head-dress and girdle, of 
 the date of about 1500. Somewhat defaced. 
 
 On floor between chancel and south aisle. 
 
 III.— Inscription — 
 " Pray for the soule of Jo 
 
 Marsworth Citezen and Bowrer of London which 
 Johan de ' 
 
 . . . in ye yere our lord god MCCCCLxsxvii." 
 And on the back is inscribed — 
 " Willy 111 Carter and Alys his Wyfe 
 
 the ■whych Willym decessed the ij of Apryll yn the 
 yere of or Lord MYxxviii " 
 
 The brass of female Xo. IL* may represent the above 
 Alice Carter, and the removal of objectionable phrases 
 from the inscription has destroyed a portion of that of 
 the palimpsest. 
 
 lY. — Inscription — 
 
 " Here lyeth interred the corps of John 
 Cheney Gent, who departed this life 
 in the trve faith of Christ Jesvs the 
 first day of Febrvary Anno Dili 1.597." 
 
 Clutterbuck gives a long inscription, which he says 
 is under the effigies of a lady in brass, and is to the 
 memory of Margaret Cheyney, who died 30th January, 
 1578. She was the wife of John Cheyney (Xo. IV.), 
 and perhaps the brass of a lady (Xo. II.) belongs to 
 her. This inscription is not to be seen. Haines 
 mentions that a drawing of a brass to Margaret 
 Cheyney, with five children, is in the British Museum. 
 The Cheyney family were of considerable note in the 
 neighbourhood, and mention is made of them at 
 Aldenham as early as 1296. Thomas Cheyne was a 
 copyholder in Xorthchurch in 1431, Henry Cheyney 
 lord of the Manor of Gaddesden in 1574, Francis of 
 the Manor of "Wiggington in 1620 and Tring in 1650, 
 and a Robert was rector of Puttenham from 1663 to 
 1672, and Elizabeth, wife of Francis, died in 1620 and 
 was buried at King's Langley. Clutterbuck and 
 Chauncy give the inscription thus — 
 " Loe here's interred a wife of worthy fame 
 
 Whose vertues great and honest life deserve the same 
 
 Margaret was her name by marriage Cheyney bight 
 
 Late wife to Cheyney son to Chesham Boys by right 
 
 Here due descent from Skipwith's line late of St. 
 
 Albans town. 
 And married to that Cheyney's heir a house of old 
 
 renown 
 Full ten years she in marriage spent five children 
 
 was her share 
 The Heavens have two of the five, three left to 
 
 father's care 
 Her life so good, her death not ill I hope shall not 
 
 deny 
 •But that her soul in Jesus Christ shall live eternally. 
 30 January 1578, secundum computationem Ecclesiae 
 
 Anglicanaj." 
 Sir William Skipwith was lord of a manor at Hemel 
 Hempstead in 1571. Richard and William are named 
 at Flamstead 1576, and William held the Manor of 
 Puttenham in 1530. Thomas and his wife Dorothy 
 appear at St. Stephens, St. Albans, in 1562, as liolding 
 the Manor of Burston, and Thomas at St. Peters in 1553. 
 V. — Inscription given by Chauncy and Cussans, on 
 brass — 
 
 " Here lyes the bodie of Mary 
 Dixon who departed this life 
 10th of July 1622 being then but 
 3 yeares of age to whose sweete 
 remembrance I.B. for the love 
 she bore hir here dedicates hir 
 self and this. 
 This well may serve to set my passions forth 
 But greater piles must caracter thy worth 
 Affection only consecrates this stone 
 That it should melt when I forbeare to mone 
 I see no cause why either should 'plaine 
 Suns never set but 'tis to rise agaiiie." 
 An inscription on stone to Lucian Dixon, a daughter 
 of Robert Dixon, adjoins the above. 
 
 Cussans states that about 1797 there was an indent 
 of a brass of a man and two shields, and an inscription 
 in Lombardic characters appearing to belong to the 
 13th century — 
 
 " Phelippe la Rila . . Me Ait Merci Amen." 
 Cussans notes all the above, and Haines Xos. I. and 
 III., and adds (Xo. I.) a very small brass to Richard 
 Xewland, rector 1497, but no such name is to be found 
 in the list of rectors, and the brass cannot now be seen. 
 Chauncy also mentions most of them. 
 
 KING'S WALDEN. 
 
 On chancel wall, 
 I. — Inscription — 
 ' ' Here lyeth buried the body of Sibbill late wife 
 of Robert Barber Gent: who had issue 2 sonnes 
 & 2 davghters. She was davghter of Willm 
 
 Sheppard 
 of Great Rolewright in the Covnty of Oxon Esqr 
 & the sister of Timothy Sheppard who wds bvried 
 here. She deceased the 24 day of May Anno Dili 
 
 1614." 
 This Timothy Sheppard has a tablet inscribed to his 
 memory fixed above the inscription to his sister.
 
 ( 29 ) 
 
 KXEBWORTH. 
 
 On chancel floor . 
 
 1. — Six brass strips inscribed — 
 " Hie procerum de Stirpe satum cum covjvge clarae 
 John Hotoft iterum telluris condimus urnis 
 Hospitii Reikis qui Thesaurarius olim 
 Henrici Sexti merito poUebat honore 
 Sit lux ppetua sibi post hec horida lustra 
 Corpora spiritibus." 
 Salmon says that these lines were formerly on an 
 altar tomb, with brass iigures of a knight and lady ; 
 Chauncy states the same, and adds : " In the chancel 
 window are the arms of Hotoft." Cussans states that 
 Hotoft was a benefactor to tlie church, and may have 
 restored it. He was patron of the living in 1432, was 
 treasurer to Henry YI., and M.P. for the county in the 
 reigns of Henry V. and VI. 
 
 II. — A priest in a splendidly-embroidered cope, on 
 which are represented, on the left side, the Virgin and 
 Child, St. Peter, a bishop, and St. Andrew, and on the 
 right side St. John the Baptist, St. Paul, an arch- 
 bishop, and St. James, and the head of our Saviour 
 is shown where the cope is fastened. Two shields at 
 the top, and inscription under — 
 
 " Hie jaeet diis Simon Baehe clicus quonda 
 Thesaurari^ 
 hospicii illustrissimi Principis diii henrici quinti 
 Regis Angl ac chanonic- eeclie cathedralis sci 
 
 pauli 
 london qi obiit xixmo die Mali A° dni 
 
 M°CCCC°XJJJJ° 
 [Cujus, &c., broken off.] 
 Simon Bache was rector of Knebworth in 1404, and 
 died in 1414. Cussans gives an engraving of this 
 brass, but omits the two shields, which existed in 1846. 
 Edmond Bache was an assistant of the borough of 
 Hertford in 1662, and was mayor in 1672. John Bache 
 was mayor in 1689. 
 
 On chapel floor. 
 
 III. — A man in armour and his two wives, with 
 three coats of arms and inscription under — 
 
 " Rolandus Lytton Armiger qui insigniter 
 
 armagessit in 
 
 hello duxfortis in pace optimus magistratus 
 
 obiit 16 July 
 
 1582. Uxores habuit Margaritam Tate et 
 
 Annam Carle- 
 ton ; ex prima reliquit Mariam, exaltera Rolandu et 
 Francisca." 
 The man is represented in a full suit of armour, with 
 his helmet behind his head. The two wives are habited 
 in brocaded dresses, and are similar in dress and features. 
 The left-hand figure and the inscription are partly 
 covered by a monument. 
 
 Rowland Lytton, M.P. for Herts in the time of 
 James I. and Charles II., was Lord of the Manor of 
 Knebworth, and was descended from Sir Robert Lytton, 
 who bought the estate in 1493 ; his son Rowland was 
 knighted in 1603, and from them we have the noble 
 
 family of Lyttons, who have owned Knebworth to the 
 present time. 
 
 These are all noticed by Haines, Chauncy, and 
 Cussans. 
 
 LETCHWORTH. - 
 
 On floor of nave. 
 
 I. — Man and wife and part of inscription, which is 
 quoted in Salmon's history of the county — 
 
 " . . . . bus Will Overbury et Isabella uxoris eius." 
 The four last words are now alone remaining. The 
 figures are half-length size, and the man is placed on 
 the left of the wife instead of, as usual, at her right 
 hand. The man wears a moustache and a beard with 
 two points, and the woman has a kerchief falling over 
 her shoulders, and both of them wear cuffs covering 
 the hands to the fingers. These brasses are much worn, 
 and Haines says the date of them is about 1400. 
 On floor of chancel. 
 
 II. — Priest in ecclesiastical robes, and inscription — 
 
 " Hie jacet diis Thomas Wyrley Rector Eeclie de 
 Leche worth qui obiit iij die mes Marcii An° diii 
 MCCCCLXXV." 
 He is represented as holding in his hands a heart 
 inscribed with the words " Credo qd," and from the 
 heart issue three scrolls, one of which has upon it the 
 words "de terra surrecturus sum"; another has the 
 words " Redemptor mens vivit " ; and the other, which 
 is nearly all missing, only has the word " in " remain- 
 ing. 
 
 This Thomas "Wyrley was rector of Letehworth from 
 1469 to 1475. 
 
 Chauncy has no mention of either of the above. 
 Haines and Cussans give both of them. 
 
 NEWNHAM. 
 
 On floor of chancel, 
 
 I. — A man with two wives and four children. The 
 man is dressed in the robes of a civilian trimmed with 
 fur, and his hair is long. His first wife is plainly 
 dressed, with fur at her wristbands and collar. She 
 has a wired or butterfly head-dress, in vogue about the 
 end of the 15th century. The second wife is dressed 
 somewhat in a similar manner, but of a period a few 
 years later, and in addition she has a long girdle. 
 Under the figure of the second wife is one of a son, 
 with long hair and a plain costume, and the figures of 
 three daughters, smaller than that of their brother, all 
 dressed alike, with long hair and pedimental head-dress 
 of the early part of the 16th century. The inscription 
 is gone, but Haines gives the date of the brasses as 
 about 1490. Cussans says the man may have been 
 Wm. Skip with, who was for some years lord of the 
 manor. 
 
 A William Skipwith was patron of the living 
 in 1571, and seems to have been a member of a 
 Lincolnshire family. He was the eldest son of Thomas 
 Skipwith, of St. Albans, who was related to Sir Ralph 
 Rowlet, Knight, of that place.
 
 ( 
 
 30 
 
 II.— Lady, eight children, one shield, and inscription— 
 " Here lyeth Joane Dowraan y'' wife of James 
 Dowman, who was y^ daught & heire of Henry 
 GowlshuU Esquier sonne and heire of Robert 
 GowlshuU of Beford in Howldernes in y° cov 
 ntye of Yorke Esqr which Joane dyed y^ xtJi daye 
 of Novemb 1607 : in ye Ixi yere of her age ha- 
 ving 7 childre lyvyng viz one sone 6 daughters." 
 The lady wears an elaborately-embroidered petticoat 
 under an open robe, with ruff and head-gear of the 
 early part of the reign of James I. ; her son, whose 
 name is given as Edward, wears a long cloak and has 
 knee-breeches, and his head is bare. The names of the 
 daughters are given as Marg., Elizab., Jane, Ane, 
 Consta, Marye, Susan, Susan, eight names in all, but 
 only seven figures of girls are shown in addition to that 
 of the son. It is stated in the inscription that she had 
 seven children living (one son and six daughters), so 
 that probably one of the daughters pre-deceased the 
 mother. The three eldest girls wear hats and dresses 
 similar to the lady, and three of the others only wear 
 a kerchief on their heads ; the remaining daughter 
 is dressed in more style, and her brass has been joined 
 to that of the other children. Perhaps she may have 
 died in her mother's life-time, especially as another 
 name of Susan is given. The third figure of the 
 daughters has under it two Christian names, Jane and 
 Ane. This is an unusual occurrence in brasses, unless 
 in this instance one of the names is intended for a 
 deceased child. 
 
 The Dowman, or Dolman, family belonged to Pock- 
 lington, in Yorkshire. James Dowman was patron of 
 the living of Newnham from 1572 to 1588. 
 
 Chauncy mentions only No. II. Cussans and Haines 
 notice both I. and II. 
 
 NORTH MIMMS. 
 
 On waits of chancel. 
 
 I. — Man in armour, with his feet resting on a lion. 
 He is wearing a long sword in front ; his hair is long, 
 and he is bare-headed. The inscription is gone, but 
 Chauncy gives it as under — 
 
 *' Hie jacet Henricus Covert primogenitus Williel. 
 
 Covert, Senior, de Armig. qui obiit in 
 
 festo Sti. Edri. Regis, in Anno Dom. 1488, cujus 
 animse propitietur Deus." 
 Haines quotes (No. IV.), "Henry, eldest son of 
 Wm. Covert, Esq., 1488," and gives an engraving of 
 the brass (p. 197). Cussans says the date of the brass 
 is about 1510, as denoted by the style of the armour. 
 
 II. — Man in armour, with his helmet at the back of 
 his head, and his wife, in the costume of Queen Eliza- 
 beth's reign ; two shields and long inscription under- 
 neath — 
 
 " This tombe enclosed houldeth fast a Martha both by 
 name and life 
 In love sure linkt while breath did last to Richard 
 Butler spowsed wife 
 
 "Who did not drawe full twentie yere the fatal! lyne 
 
 of Lachis threede 
 Yet did in tender youth appeare a matrone both in 
 
 worde and deede 
 Shee feared God and sought his prayse a world it 
 
 was to hcare and see 
 How godlic shee did ende her dayes a myroure surelie 
 
 might shee be 
 In birth to her he gave no place yet shee for blood a 
 
 woorthie matcbe 
 He did discend of knightlie race and shee of whence 
 
 shee sprang did smatch 
 Of olyve tree shee was a braunche cut of of purpose 
 
 ye may well saye 
 From worldlye soyle to make the chaunge a heavenlie 
 
 place for to enjoye 
 And surelie what of hir is said no whit to him can 
 
 be disprayse 
 In hyni was suche foundacon layd as did contynue 
 
 since alwaies 
 Echo wight in hym suche vertue founde by tried 
 
 truth for to explane 
 For dew desert yee trumpette sounde for to pronounce 
 
 his woorthie fame 
 In earth yf wight had ever care to lyve upright in 
 
 cyvcU sorte 
 He might of all the standert beare of faithfuU 
 
 freendshipp by reporte 
 But shee did first begyn the daunce in flowring 
 
 yeares to passe the way 
 .... deathe dothe lyfe advaunce which he sjTice 
 walket and both inioy." 
 A peculiarity of the brass of the woman is the length 
 of the lower part of her body in comparison with the 
 upper. 
 
 This brass and inscription are not mentioned by 
 Chauncy. Haines mentions them in No. VII., and 
 Cussans gives engravings of the figures and a copy of 
 the inscription. The man seems to have been connected 
 with the family of Boteler, of Watton Wood Hall, 
 according to the arms on the shields, and Cussans states 
 that his wife, Martha, was probably a Coningsby, as 
 some of the Coningsby family intermarried with the 
 Botelers. The Coningsby's possessed the Manor of 
 North Mimms and lived at North Mimms Place, which 
 was built about 1590 by Ralph Coningsby, who was 
 knighted in 1603 by James I. ; they also lived at 
 Potterells. The family are mostly buried in St. 
 Catherine's Chapel, which is part of the church. 
 
 III. — Figure of a woman and two headless children ; 
 that of the man is missing. At the feet of the lady is 
 a small dog with a collar and bells, and inscription— 
 " Hie jacent Robertus Knolles Armiger Qui obiit 
 
 — die Mens Anno. Dni. Milliiio. 
 
 CCCC° Et Elizabeth Uxor ejus que obiit xxviii° 
 
 die Mens Novembris Anno Dni millrao 
 
 CCCC° Quinquagesimo Octavo. .Ac pueri eordem. 
 
 Quorum animabus propitietur Deus. Amen." 
 The date of the death of the man not being filled in 
 denotes that the wife died first. The prayer at the end
 
 ( 
 
 31 
 
 ) 
 
 of the inscription has been partly defaced, but can be 
 plainly read. 
 
 Robert Knolles was lord of the Manor of North 
 Minims, and one of his daughters married Henry 
 Frowick, whose daughter married John Coningsby, who 
 was sheriff of Herts in 1547. 
 
 IV. — A priest, in encharistic vestments, under an 
 enriched canopy, which is simihir in style, desiga, and 
 execution to that of Abbot Delamere in St. Albans 
 Abbey. This ecclesiastic is represented with a chalice 
 and paten placed on the body instead of in the hands. 
 At the feet of the figure is a stag couched, and below 
 are two lions with a shield between them. The canopy 
 contains figures of the Deity and of angels, and on the 
 right side are those of St. Peter, St. John, and St. Bar- 
 tholomew ; on the left side are St. Paul, St. James, 
 and St. Andrew. The brass is the work of a Flemish 
 artist, and Haines (Xo. I.) says the date is about 1360 
 (perhaps Wm. de Kesterven, vicar in 1361). Boutell 
 has an engraving without the canopy, and states it 
 probably represents Thomas de Horton, vicar of North 
 Mimms in 1360. Cussans says he cannot identify' the 
 arras, but he believes them to be those of Swonland or 
 Swanland. 
 
 Thomas de Swanland was the third son of Simon de 
 Swanland, Knight, who founded the chantry of St. 
 Catherine in North Mimms Church. Thos. de Swan- 
 land was priest of this chantry from 1361 to 1365. 
 The pedigree of the family is in Camden's " Visitation 
 of Warwickshire, 1619," and the lineal descendant 
 through Joanna, the grand-daughter of Simon de 
 Swanland, is Mr. Newdegate, who still holds Harefield 
 Place, near Uxbridge, which formerly belonged to the 
 Swanlands. 
 
 Clutterbuck in his history of the county gives an 
 engraving of this, brass. Cussans gives the name of 
 the vicar from 1314 to 1361 as "William de Kesteven, 
 and Thomas de Horton from 1361 to 1372, and says 
 that Simon de Swanlond was patron of tlie living in 
 1361, and William de Swanlond was patron in 1388. 
 Simon was a London merchant, and was lord of the 
 Manor of North Mimms in 1316. 
 
 v. — Small figures of a man and his wife, four sons, 
 and six daughters. There is no inscription to show 
 whom they represent. The man is dressed in a civilian's 
 robes, and Cussans gives the date as about 1450 or 
 1460, while Haines (No. V.) says about 1490. 
 
 VI. — Inscription — 
 " Here Lyeth the bodye of Thomas Ilewes late of 
 Vxbridge in the the Covntye of Midd : Esqvier who 
 departed this lyfe the 27 of Martch Anno Dtii 
 1587. And also the bodye of Elizabethe his wife 
 sole davghter and heire of Sr Grifiithe Dvfie 
 Knight who deceassed the second day of 
 
 December Anno Dni 1590." 
 Chauncy and Cussans both give this inscription, but 
 it seems to have been omitted by Haines. Haines 
 notes (No. II.) " A civilian about 1440, legs and 
 inscription lost," but this is not mentioned by Cussans, 
 and is now missing, Haines gives (No. VI.) effigy of 
 
 a child covered by step, and Chauncy gives inscription 
 
 as under, which is not now in existence^ 
 
 " Of your charitie pray for the Soule of Thomas Leucas 
 
 Son and Heire apparant of John Leucas of the 
 
 of Kent, the worthie Thomas in childhood departed 
 
 in God in the of August in the year of our 
 
 Lord God 1531, on whose Soule and on all Christian 
 Soules Jesu have mercy." 
 
 Haines also names (No. VIII.) inscription as being on 
 the floor of St. Catherine's Chapel. Chauncy and 
 Clutterbuck also mention it — 
 
 " William de Bakthone jadis Boteler al 
 Prince gist ici, Dieu de I'Almi eit mercy." 
 
 OFFLET. 
 
 On floor of north aisle. 
 
 I. — Man and two wives, one son and indent of two 
 children, with inscription — 
 
 " Here lieth Johii Samwel Elzabeth and Jone his 
 wives whiche 
 John decessed the xxiii day of February the yer ^ 
 
 of our lord 
 M°CCCCCXXIX on whos soules ihu have mercy. 
 Amen." 
 The man is in a merchant's dress, and his two wives 
 are habited in costumes similar to each other, aud are 
 alike in features. The wife on the left of the man 
 seems to have had one child only, and the other wife 
 had probably two children. - 
 
 II. — Man, three wives, and nine children, and indent 
 of one child. The inscription is gone. 
 
 Haines (No. II.) gives the date as about 1530, and 
 says the children are all sons. Cussans says they are 
 eight daughters and one son. 
 
 This family belongs to the wife on the left hand of 
 the man, as they are placed underneath her, and she 
 was probably the first wife. At the feet of the outside 
 right hand lady, who was most likely the widow, is the 
 indent of one cl>ild. The nine children seem to be all 
 sons, and are all dressed alike except one who has on a 
 short garment, and perhaps this one was a son of the 
 second wife. The ladies are very similar in features 
 and dresses, and there seems to have been the same 
 artist employed to engrave the four brasses who 
 engraved those in Hitchin Church (also to a man and 
 his three wives), as the similarity is clearly seen. 
 
 Chauncy only mentions No. I., Haines and Cussans 
 both I. and II. 
 
 PELHAM (BRENT). 
 
 On floor of nave. 
 
 I. — Two ladies and inscription under — 
 
 " Thy stingo oh death most shiirply here appeares 
 
 To take them both away in their prime of yeares." 
 " Here lyeth ye body of Mrs. Mary Rowly 
 y*^ wife of Mr Francis Rowly who de- 
 parted this life y'^ 4 day of Janvary 1625
 
 ( 
 
 32 
 
 ) 
 
 Also here lyeth y"^ body of Mrs Anne 
 Eowly y^ 2d wife of Mr. Francis Rowly 
 ■who departed this life y*^ 25 day of 
 Avgvst An° Doiii 1627 JEtatis Svre 27 
 Dormitnon moritur licet hie terra Sepelitur." 
 The brasses of the two ladies are small, and they are 
 both shown as dressed alike iu hat, mantle, and ruff of 
 the fashion of the early part of the reign of Charles I. 
 The age of the deceased is only given of the second 
 wife, but both evidently died young, and perhaps both 
 were of the same age. 
 
 A John Rowley was sheriff of Herts in 1650, and 
 died in February, 1657, aged 91. He had two wives, 
 who were buried in Bark way Church. He was probably 
 a son of one of the wives of Francis Rowley. 
 
 Haines mentions that formerly there was a brass 
 to a lady, about 1610, of which a sketch is seen in 
 Cole's MSS. 
 
 Also of Ralf Gray, gent., 1492, and his wife Anne, 
 of which Cbauucy gives the inscription as under — 
 " Hie jacet Radulfus Grey, Generosus, et Anna uxor 
 
 ejus, qui quideiu Radulfus obiit prime die Mensis 
 
 Xovenibris. An. Dom. 1492." 
 
 Cussans says that the Manor of Greys is so called 
 from a former owner, Nicholas de Grey, lord of the 
 manor in 1243. The above Sir Ralph de Grey, 
 Knight, was descended from hira, and succeeded to the 
 manor in 1465, being 24 years old. 
 
 Only the first brass is now to be seen. 
 
 who represented the county in Parliament nine times, 
 and was also sheriff of the county. A John de la Lee 
 also was sherifE in 1300, and died in 1311. He held 
 the Manor of Albury adjoining, as did also his 
 successors of the same name, which died out in 1396. 
 
 Portions of the brasses of Robert Lee and his wife 
 Joan, 1564, are in Eastwick Church. 
 
 ]L — Part of an inscription — 
 
 " qui quidem Jobes Newport obiit decimo 
 
 die mensis Junii Anno Domini Milessimo . . . ." 
 
 Chauncy gives the inscription in full as under — 
 " Orate pro Anima Johanis Newport, armigeri heredis 
 
 Roberti Newport armigeri & Maria Uxoris ejus unius 
 
 Filiarum Johannes Alyngton de Horsheth in Com 
 Cantabr 
 
 Ar. Qui quidem Johannes Newport obiit prime die 
 
 Mensis Junii an 1522." 
 The effigies are lost. 
 
 This John Newport was son and heir to Robert 
 Newport, mentioned in No. III. 
 
 The family of AUington held the Manors of Great 
 and Little Wymondley from 1429 to 1691, and were 
 connected with that of De Argentine, dating from about 
 1200 to 1423, and with that of Lord Grosvenor, who 
 sold the manors in 1767. At Horseheath, in Cam- 
 bridgeshire, are brasses to several of the De Argentines 
 
 ' and AUingtons 
 
 PELHAM (FURNEAUX). 
 
 In chapel. 
 
 I.— Man, wife, and double canopy. The male figure 
 is placed on the left hand of his wife instead of, as 
 usual, on the right side. He wears the dress of a 
 civilian ; his robe is trimmed with fur and fastened at 
 the waist by a girdle, from which hangs a short sword ; 
 his hair is short, and he has a moustache and pointed 
 beard ; his shoes are pointed, and his feet are resting 
 upon a dog. The costume seems to be of the reign of 
 Richard IL The lady is plainly dressed as a widow, 
 and has a ring on one of her fingers. The canopy is 
 partly gone, and is a double one, enriched with crockets 
 and pinnacles. There was originally an inscription and 
 one daughter and four shields, all of which are missing. 
 Haines says perhaps the figures represent John Barloe, 
 who died 1420, and his wife Joan, who died 1419, 
 according to an inscription given by Chauncy, but this 
 seems doubtful, as the lady is dressed as a widow. 
 Cussans states that the figures are habited in the 
 costume of Richard II., and probably they represent 
 Sir John de la Lee, who died 1370, and Johanna his 
 wife, and gives a long account of the pedigree of the 
 families of Furneaux, De la Lee, Barley, Newport, 
 Leventhorp and others, all intermixed, and belonging to 
 the parishes of Furneaux Pelham, Albury, Sawbridge- 
 worth, and other places in the neighbourhood. 
 
 This John de la Lee was Member of Parliament for 
 the county of Hertford in 1355, and left a son, Walter, 
 
 On wall of north aisle. 
 
 III. — Man in armour, wife, children, and shield. 
 The figures are small, and all are kneeling. The man 
 is dressed in complete armour, and wears long hair. 
 The lady wears a plain dress, and has a pedimental 
 head covering. There are two boys at the side of the 
 man, and three girls with the woman, all plainly 
 attired. There was formerly a scroll proceeding from 
 the mouth of both the man and his wife, also three 
 shields, but only one shield remains, bearing the arms 
 of Newport. The inscription is also gone, but is given 
 by Chauncy — 
 " Here lieth Robert Newport Esqr Founder of this 
 
 Chapel and Mary his wife, which Robert died the 
 
 17th of November 1518." 
 
 The family of Newport was connected with those of 
 De la Lee and others mentioned under No. I. They 
 held the Manor of Furneaux Pelham until about 1680, 
 when it was sold. They also were lords of the Manor 
 of Brent Pelham until about 1640. Edward Newport 
 was sheriff of the county in 1622. Robert Newport 
 was M.P. in 1401 and 1413, and the Robert Newport in 
 No. III. brags was sheriff of Herts in 1496, and, 
 according to the inscription, founded the chapel in the 
 church of furneaux Pelham, where he lies buried. 
 
 RADWELL. * 
 Oh floor of nave. 
 I.— Man, wife, children, and inscription— 
 " Pray for the Soules of John Bele gentylman & Anne 
 and Agnes hys wyfes, the whyche John decessed 
 in the yere of our lord God M V C And X V I." 
 The man is dressed as a civilian in a plain robe trimmed
 
 ( 33 
 
 with fur and fur collar, he has large sleeves, and his 
 hair is long. He has a wife on each side, both of 
 whom are dressed alike in every respect, each having a 
 pediniental head dress, fur cuffs, and ornamented Ion" 
 girdles. Under the left hand wife (Anne) are two 
 small boys dressed alike, and beneath the second wife 
 are the indents only of two girls. 
 
 Mr. John Bele may have been a connection of the 
 family of Bill or Byll, of Ashwell and Clotball, near 
 Kadwell, a pedigree of which is given by Cussans. 
 
 II. — Lady and inscription — 
 
 '•' Here lyeth the body of Elizabeth Parker wife of 
 John Parker gentle'man, & eldest davghter 
 of Anthonie Gage of Stowe in the covntye 
 of Cambridge Esqvyre. She lyved the life of 
 the Godlye, and dyed (in the trve fayth of Christ) 
 the deaeth of the righteovs, the 26 th day of Janv- 
 arye 1602 in the xxviith yeare of her age. 
 Blessed are they that die in the Lorde, for 
 they reste from there laboures and there 
 Workes followe them. Eevelacoa 14 Cap 13 ver." 
 The lady is dressed in an elaborately brocaded costume, 
 with and ruff cap of the Elizabethan period. 
 
 The manor of Radwell was the property of Sir Henry 
 larker in 1541, who was Sheriff of Herts in 1537. 
 He left a son and heir named John, who married the 
 above named Elizabeth Gage. There is a monument 
 to John Parker, Knight, and his wife in this church, 
 with inscription. He died in 1595. Sir Henry 
 Parker is mentioned in the Hundred of Odsey as pos- 
 sessing property worth 40.5. per year in 1545. A John 
 Parker was afreeholder of Hitchin in 1561. 
 
 III.— Man, wife, priest, and inscription — 
 
 " Hie jacet Willnis Wheteaker et Johaiia uxor ei ? 
 ac Thoms Wheteaker Capellan^ fili eordra qe 
 quidm Thouis obiit xxvj'^ die decebr A° diii 
 mcccc°lxxxxij°, quo^ ai..bz ppicietur de? Amen." 
 
 The man is dressed as a civilian in a short garment 
 his hair IS long, and he has a hood or cap on his right 
 shoulder with a long scarf attached hanging to his 
 knees; he also wears a gypciere and a rosa?y. His 
 wife is plainly dressed ; she has fur cuffs and a horned 
 headdress of the period, with veil at the back. Between 
 the figures is the brass of the son named Thomas 
 Wheteaker, dressed in eucharistic vestments, and hold- 
 ingthe chahce in his hands, and over his head the 
 indent of a scroll. 
 
 . Tl'o^'" nT.''*:'^''^'"" ,'^'*^ I'^ctor of Radwell from 1477 
 o 1487. William and Ellen Wheteaker held land in 
 Royston parish in 1547. A William Whittaker lived 
 at \v attord, and issued tokens as a mercer dated 1668 
 Chauncy mentions i\os. I. and II., Cussans Nos l" 
 and 11., and Haines gives Xo. III. as missing, but it 
 was found when the church was re-pewed, and an 
 engraving is in the " Church Builder" for January 
 lo/6. ■" 
 
 ) 
 
 REDBOURX. 
 
 < J' ~^^^^' ^°^^ ^°"s> and inscription- 
 Pray for the soulys of Rychard Pecok and Elsabeth hvs 
 wyfe, wh.che Rychard dyed y^ xiij day of deceber in 
 yc yGFG 
 
 of ou lord MCCCCCXIJ on whose soulys Jhii have 
 mercy ame." •' 
 
 The feet of the man are gone, and formerly there were 
 hgures of his wife and two daughters. The man is 
 dressed in a civilian's robes trimmed with fur, and his 
 brass and that of the sons is on a stone in the south 
 aisle of the church, but the inscription is fixed on the 
 chancel wall. There formerly was a brass of a peacock 
 on the same stone. ^ 
 
 A John Pecok and his wife Maud are buried in the 
 church of St. Michael's, St. Albans, and have brasses 
 inTt-^^ S'P.'f" ^'"o °'^ y' ^"•■'^ ^^^3-or of London 
 n VS" ^. ^l""'! T'^'"'''' °^ Kedbourn, who died 
 in 18o7, bequeathed £100 to the poor of the parish 
 Cussans states that the family of this name is one of 
 the oldest of liertlordshire families. 
 On wall of chancel. 
 
 fi, "^^■~^^,''" '\ armour and three boys, woman and 
 three girls and coat of arms. Tbe figures are all 
 kneeling The man and woman each kneel at a desk 
 with a book thereon, and the boys kneel behind the 
 man, and the girls are behind the lady. The man has 
 on a suit of armour, and his helmet is placed on the 
 
 rA" ''^/•'"'y '^, ^''^^^'''^ ^1 t'le costume of the time 
 of Queen Elizabeth. There is no inscription. Cussans 
 gives an engraving of the brasses, and Haines gives the 
 dat^e as about 1560, and says they represent Sir Richard 
 Rede and his wife Anne. Cussans also says that Sir 
 Richard Reade died ou July 1 1th, 1576, and held the 
 manor of the Priory at Redbourn, and gave an annual 
 payment to the poor of Redbourn, secured on about ten 
 acres of land worth £22 per year. 
 _ A Nicholas le Rede was rector of Great Berkhamsted 
 la 1357. 
 
 On Jlnor of south porch. 
 III.— Small brass engraved with figures of eight 
 girls, five of them kneeling. Cussans savs that on the 
 same stone are the indents of a man and wife and one 
 son, and also a peacock, as No. I. The date seems to be 
 about 1470 from the head-dresses of the dau^-hters 
 which are large. The Peacock family (see No. I ) 
 were originally of much importance, and a descendant, 
 Richard, lived here in 1647. 
 Chauncy does not mention any of these brasses. 
 
 RICKMANS WORTH, f 
 
 On floor of nave. 
 
 I.— JIan and his two wives and inscription under— 
 ' Here lyclh bvried vndcr this stone \ 
 
 Alice J 
 The bod)- of Thomas Day / 
 
 Joanc; Deceaseds 
 And his two wifes Alice & Joane | j 159), 
 
 ,pv, ,. , Thomas) fThelOofJvlv 
 
 The times here see yov may / \ jgj-^ 
 
 uon under — 
 
 ( ThclOofJvly 
 1 1585
 
 34 
 
 ) 
 
 These three no dovbt had faith in Christ their siiies 
 for to forgive 
 
 Aiul they can tell that knew them well y^ poore they 
 did releive." 
 The man is represented as holding a staff with his 
 right hand and a book with his left, and wearing a 
 cloak reaching to his knees. The two wives are 
 dressed alike in the style of the period. The brasses 
 are much worn. 
 
 Cussans gives an engraving of the first wife, and says 
 that the figure of the second wife was stolen when the 
 church was rebuilt about 1850, and has been reproduced; 
 he also gives a long pedigree of the Day family, who 
 owned the estate of Micklefield Green for nearly 200 
 years. 
 
 KOYSTON. 
 
 On floor of nave. 
 I. — Ecclesiastic and canopy. The lower pnrt of 
 the figure and a portion of the canopy, with the in- 
 scription, are gone. Cussans gives the inscription as 
 under, as having been in existence in 1747 — 
 " Wilms Taberam jacet hie sub marmor strat'^ 
 De Terfield quondil Rector Legista pbatus 
 Scanderat hie Aras Celor? LumiS Marci 
 An° CCCC quart, semel M. semel i bis et xxter." 
 The ecclesiastic is wearing a cape edged with fur, and a 
 hood and academicals. 
 
 This "William Taberham was rector of Therfield, 
 near Eoyston, for a few years only, and died in 1421. 
 
 II. — Man and two wives. The brass of the first 
 wife is missing. The man is dressed as a civilian 
 in robes trimmed with fur, and the lady wears an 
 angular head-dress and has a long girdle. Nothing 
 remains to show the name of the man or his wives, as 
 the inscription is gone, but Haines (Xo. III.) gives the 
 date as about 1500. 
 
 On floor of chancel, 
 III. — A cross, having engraved upon it a bleeding 
 heart and four bleeding wounds. Haines calls it a 
 " Latin cross brass," which is found only in use in the 
 early part of the ISth century, and gives the date as 
 about 1500, but Cussans says it was probably placed 
 over the tomb of an ecclesiastic during the 14th or 
 15th centuries. 
 
 On wall. 
 IV. — Inscription — 
 " All ye that this Monument shall red prayse God for 
 our Father Willyani Chamber who before his deper- 
 ture by his last Will and Testament ordeyned oon Ser- 
 mon yerely to be p^ched in this pishe churche of EoystS 
 on llogacon mundaye by the Collegyners of Seynt 
 Johiisin Cambrige, who Depted the ii day of Noveber 
 in the yere of our lorde God MCCCCCXLYI." 
 William Chamber being a man of wealth and renown 
 in Eoyston had to pay towards a subsidy in 1547, his 
 goods being valued at £66, and an Edward Chamber 
 had goods of the value of £20. The name of James 
 Chamber is found in a list of freeholders who lived at 
 Hitchin in the year 1561. 
 
 v. — Inscription — 
 
 " Hie Jacet Eobtiis White quondam prior isti? 
 
 loci qui obiit prirao die Mensis Aprilis Anno 
 
 dni Millesimo Quingentesimo tricesimo quarto 
 ° >> 
 
 This plate was in a box in the vestry cupboard in 
 1882, and Haines says "a rubbing of the brass (now 
 lost) of Eobt. White, prior, 1534, is in the possession 
 of J. B. Nichols, Esq." The last line of the inscription 
 has been cut off. 
 Inscription — 
 " Now farewel my frendys all 
 The tyde abydethe no man 
 I am depted hens and so ye shall 
 Yn thys passage ye best song that I can 
 Eequie eternam now Jhu graunte yt me 
 That when I have endyd all myne adversitie 
 Graunte me yn Paradyse to have a masion 
 That shed thy blod for my rederapcii)n." 
 Haines says this plate is loose, and the date is about 
 1500 ; that the same inscription, with slight variations, 
 is found at Northleach, Gloucestershire, about 1485 ; 
 and that Weever states that the same occurs at Baldock 
 in Herts and two or three other churches. Cussans 
 saj's that " at one time this brass was fixed under the 
 tower of the church, but is now loose in the vestry." 
 Chauncy also gives the following — 
 
 " Sub Lapide hoc recubat Leonardus 
 Hamondus amandus 
 Christe cubile tuuin, dulce cubile suum 
 In Peace did live in Peace did die, 
 In Peace doth live eternally. 
 Leonardus Hamondus qui obiit 
 Mail 27. An. Dom. 1629.'^ 
 An Edward Hamond is mentioned in the parish of 
 Clothall in 1606-32, and John Hamond was a free- 
 holder of Pirton, near Hitchin, in 1561. 
 
 Haines mentions Nos. I. to Y., Chauncy Nos. lY. 
 and Y., and Cussans Nos. I. to IV. 
 
 SACOMBE. 
 
 I. — Inscription only — 
 
 " Of your charite pray for the soule of Eleanor 
 Dodyngton late 
 the wyfe of John Dodyngton Gent : which eleanor 
 
 decessed 
 the xix day of November the yere of our lord god 
 
 MYcXXX 
 VII on whose soule t all Cristian Soules Ihu have 
 mercy.-" 
 II. — Inscription only — 
 " Here lieth buried the bodie of John Dodington 
 of Sacome gentleman who deceased a faithfull 
 Christian the viith dale of Janvarie in the yeare of 
 our Lord God 1544, and was husbande to Elenor 
 Dodington, whose grave is ioyned here to his on 
 the righte side, after whome he survived seaven 
 yeares and seven weekes and lefte alive at his 
 departure by her his onelie wife three sonnes and 
 six daughters.
 
 ( 
 
 3-5 
 
 ) 
 
 Cygnea qui terris modulati carmina mortis 
 Dulce polo vita nunc melos usq' canunt." 
 Xo trace now remains to show who John and Eleanor 
 Dodyngton were, but in all probability they lived at 
 the mansion in Sacombe Park in the parish, and the 
 family were dispersed after the death of the father 
 in 1544. 
 
 Chauncy and Cussans also mention these two inscrip- 
 tions, but they are omitted by Haines. The brass plates 
 are fixed on the riser of the sacrarium steps, and iron hot 
 water pipes are placed in front of them, which prevent 
 the inscriptions being easily deciphered. 
 
 SANDON. 
 
 On floor near pulpit. 
 I. — Man in armour and wife, four shields, six 
 
 daughters, and inscription — 
 
 " Hie jacet Johes Fitz Geffrey Armiger Et Elzabeth 
 Uxor eins qui quidrii Johes obiit tercio die mensis 
 Augusti Anno dfii millio CCCC'LXXX. Et que 
 
 quidm Elzabeth obiit die mensis 
 
 Anno dfii millio CCCC° 
 deus ame." 
 
 The man is in full 
 
 quor? aiabus ppicietur 
 
 armour, with his helmet under his 
 head, and his sword hangs diagonally in front of him. His 
 feet are resting on a bull. The lady is shown with very 
 small arms and waist, and wears a large head-dress and 
 veil, and has a very small dog at her feet. The date of 
 her death has not been inserted in the inscription, 
 showing that she survived her husband. The figures 
 of three sons are gone, but Clutterbuck gives their 
 names as 
 
 " John, William, Thomas." 
 The figures of six daughters remain, with their names 
 inscribed under — 
 
 " Agnes, Elisabeth, Elisabeth, Elienor, Jane, Margarett." 
 Two of these daughters bear the same Christian name. 
 The four shields have all engraved upon them a bull 
 similar to the one at the knight's feet. 
 
 This John Fitz -Geoffrey was grandfather to a 
 Francis Fitz-Geofirey, who held a manor in Sandon 
 and sold it in 1549, and was descended from a Bedford- 
 shire family. A Thomas Fitz-GeofErey was rector of 
 Wallington from 1351 to 1387, when he resigned. 
 The following extract is from Parkins's " Origines 
 Roystonianfc " : — " John Fitz-Geffery, Lord of Berk- 
 hampstead in Hertfordshire, was son of GefEery Fitz 
 Piers, Earl of Essex in the reign of King John, 1165- 
 1216, who married Beatrix, daughter of William De 
 Say, descended from Gcftery de Magnavile, 1st Earl 
 of Essex, who died 1144, and married Roisia, daughter 
 of All. de Yere. This Roisia is supposed by some to 
 have been the origin of Royston." 
 
 Cussans has an engraving of this brass, which is in 
 very good condition. 
 
 On floor of aisle. 
 
 1 1 . — Inscription — 
 
 " Of yo? charite pray for the sovles of Syniond 
 Pratt and Jone his wyfe wyth all ther^ 
 childer sovles and all cristen. Amen." 
 
 Symon Pratt was lord of the manor of Hide Hall in 
 1524. 
 
 Haines and Chauncy only mention Xo. I. No. II. 
 is now in the church, having been found at the rectory 
 a few years ago. 
 
 SAWBRIDGEWORTH. 
 
 Oti floor of aisle. 
 
 I. — Large figures of a man and his wife, and two 
 shields. The inscription is lost, but Chauncy gives it 
 as — 
 
 " Hie jacent Johannes Leventhorpe arm. qui 
 obiit 27 mensis Mali 1433 «& Katharina uxor ejus 
 qui obiit 5 die October 1431 quorum . . . ." 
 The figures are life size. The man is in a complete 
 suit of armour, with a dog at his feet ; the lady wears 
 a kirtle and mantle, and has beneath her coverchief a 
 widow's plaited coif, and a small dog is lying at her 
 feet. Chauncy mentions the year of the lady's death 
 as 1431, but in the Harleian MSS. it is given as 1437, 
 which is probably correct if she was left a widow. 
 Chauncy also says that John Leventhorpe was one of 
 the executors of the last will and testament of King 
 Henry V. ; and on the two shields remaining of the five 
 which were originally, placed on the stone are the arms 
 of Henry V. and YI. 
 
 John Leventhorpe lived at Shingey Hall, near Saw- 
 bridgeworth, and was member of Parliament for 
 Hertfordshire in 1413, 1415, and 1422. He came 
 from Leventhorpe Hall, in the West Riding of York- 
 shire, in 1392, and married Katharine, daughter and 
 heiress of ... . Twychet, and had two sons, Thomas 
 and John, and one daughter, Anne. The Leventhorpes 
 seem to have been a noted family for several genera- 
 tions, and there are various brasses in this church 
 commemorating them. A Robert Leventhorpe was 
 member of Parliament for Herts in 1425, and a Sir 
 Thomas also in 1467. The name became extinct 
 about 1690. 
 
 Boutell has an engraving of these fine brasses and 
 the two shields, and they are also shown in Waller's 
 " Monumental Brasses." Boutell says that " Sir John 
 de Leventhorpe was a highly trusted servant to the 
 House of Lancaster, and held various offices under 
 Kings Henry IV. Y. and YI., which accounts for the 
 royal arms being placed on the shields." 
 
 II. — Man, two wives, and inscription — 
 "Hie jacet Galfridus Joslyne et katerina ac Johana 
 uxor ^ ej ? q 
 
 Obiit xx° die mensis Januarii anno dui M°CCCCLXX° 
 
 quor^ 
 
 The man is dressed as a civilian, and has a wife on 
 either side of him. Both of these ladies are dressed 
 alike, and each has a " butterfly head-dress " ; their 
 dresses are trimmed with fur, with cuffs. The inscrip- 
 tion is partly broken. 
 
 The Joslynes (or, as the name is now spelt, 
 "Jocelyn") lived at Hide Hall and held the manor, 
 and are descended from a Thomas Jocelyn of the time 
 of Henry III., and from then to the present time the
 
 ( 
 
 36 
 
 ) 
 
 manor has remained in the family. In the church is 
 an altar tomb with the effigies of " John Jocelyn and 
 his wife Philippa," 1525, and Chauncy gives an in- 
 scription in brass — 
 " Orate pro Anima Radulfi Jocelin quondam Militis 
 
 and bis Maioratus Civitatis London qui obiit 25 Oct. 
 1478." 
 
 This Ralph Jocelin was Knight of the Bath at the 
 coronation of Queen Elizabeth, and was twice Lord 
 Mayor of London. A Philip Josselyn was instituted as 
 rector of Sawbridgeworth on 22nd Dec, 1487, and was 
 afterwards rector of High Roothings. Several other 
 memorials to the Jocelyn family are in the church, some 
 of which are of recent date. 
 
 II*. — Shield of arms and two plates, one with twelve 
 boys and the other with six girls. Cussans says there 
 are sixteen boys, but only twelve remain, and they 
 appear to belong to the Ralph Jocelyn named above. 
 Haines does not notice them. 
 
 At Aspeden is an inscription to Robert Clifford and 
 his wife, " Dame Elizabeth," late wife of Sir Ralph 
 Joceline, Kt., who died 15 ... . 
 
 On floor of toiver. 
 III. — Man and wife, two shields, and inscription — 
 " En jacet hie pulvis, putredo vermis et esca^ 
 Est Famulus mortis, nam vita jam caret ista? 
 Hie nil scit, nil habet, nee virtus inde relucet^ 
 Cerne luto villus, horror, terror, fetor oibis'^ 
 Oppobrium cunctis ac est abjeccio plebis^ 
 Hie Frater aspice te spira suffragia p me?" 
 Chauncy adds the following : — 
 
 " Hie jacent Johannes Leventhorpe arm. qui obiit 
 ultima die Mensis Mali 1484 & Johanna uxor 
 ejus qui obiit 29 Aug. 1448." 
 The man and -woman are pourtrayed as enveloped in 
 shrouds, each of them holding in their hands a heart 
 inscribed with the words " Jhii Mcy," or "Mercy 
 Jhu," which have been scored through. The inscrip- 
 tion recording their names, &c, , is gone, and the six 
 lines of Latin are placed in another part of the church 
 away from the figures. The shields are described by 
 Cussans as being — one " France modern, quartering 
 England," and the other " France ancient, quartering 
 England." 
 
 This John Leventhorpe was eldest son of John 
 Leventhorpe (whose effigy is in brass, before mentioned, 
 
 2^0. I.), and married Joan, a daughter of 
 
 Barrington, of Barrington Hall, Essex. He also lived 
 at Shingey Hall, and had possession of the manor. 
 He left one son named Thomas. He seems, like his 
 father, to have held some office under his Sovereign, 
 and was in his favour and confidence, as shown by his 
 adopting the royal arms. The lady seems to have died 
 in 1448, thirty-six years before her husband, according 
 to Chauncy and Haines, but Cussans gives the date as 
 1488, 
 
 On floor of aisles. 
 IV. — A lady and three shields. The brass of her 
 husband and one shield is gone, and the inscription is 
 also lost. 'The lady is wearing an heraldic mantle, 
 
 having three crescents on each side, and her head- 
 dress is angular. She is also wearing a necklace, with 
 ornament, and a long girdle, and has a dog at her 
 feet. The shields bear the arms of Leventhorpe and 
 also some crescents. Haines says that these brasses 
 represent Thomas Leventhorp, Esq., who died in 1527, 
 and his wife Joan, daughter of George Dallison, Esq., 
 and widow of Alex. St. John, of Thirby, Beds. 
 Chauncy omits to mention these brasses, but gives the 
 names in a pedigree of the Leventhorpe family, and 
 says that this Thomas was Sheriff of Herts and Essex 
 in 1426. He was lord of the manor and lived at 
 Shingey Hall, and was descended from Nos. I. and III. 
 He had three cliildren, John, Edward, and Thomas. 
 
 V. — Man and wife and inscription — 
 " Here lyeth bvried Edward Leventhorp Esqvire who 
 died in Decemb? 
 1551. (being ye eldest sonne of Thomas Leventhorp 
 
 Esqvire and Eliza- 
 beth his wife y^ davghter of Barlee of Aldbvry 
 
 Esquire. 
 Theire eldest soiie was also Edward who married 
 
 Mary Parker the se- 
 cond davghter of Sr Harry Parker Knight ye eldest 
 sofie of Harry Lo. Mor.lie " 
 The man is bareheaded, and is in a suit of armour. 
 His wife wears a ruff, and has a long peaked stomacher 
 reaching to her waist ; her dress is distended by a large 
 farthingale, and is brocaded with patterns of leaves, 
 flowers and fruits, with insects flying about them. 
 Haines says the man in armour was the eldest son of 
 No. IV., and altliough he died in 1551, the plate was 
 not engraved until about 1600. Chauncy calls him the 
 second son. 
 
 The Barley family were residents in the neighbour- 
 hood, and are found at Wyddial and also at Kirapton. 
 The village of " Albury " is a few miles distant. 
 
 VI.— Lady and inscription — 
 " Here lyeth bvried Mary y® wife of Edward Leventhorp 
 Esqvire who died at Rome in Avgvst 1566 and is 
 
 there ac- 
 cordinge to his degree decently interred this Mai-y was 
 y^ second davghter of Sr Henry Parker Knight eldest 
 sonne and heire apparant to Harry Lord Morley, this 
 
 Edward 
 & Mary had issve to theire eldest sonne John 
 
 Leventhorp." 
 
 The lady is dressed in the costume of ladies of rank of 
 the time of Queen Elizabeth. She is wearing a very 
 large ruff round the neck, and has a long-bodied 
 stomacher, peaked at the waist, and a richly embroidered 
 skirt ; the dress has a flounce at the waist, and the 
 sleeves have plain cuffs ; tl)e skirt is distended by a 
 farthingale, and the neck and arms are adorned with a 
 necklace, pendant jewel, and bracelets. Haines gives 
 the above description and an engraving of part of the 
 figure, and says the plate was engraved about 1600. 
 Chauncy says the lady died in August, 1566, but this 
 date seems doubtful, as her husband died at that time. 
 This Edward Leventhorp, Esq., was son of Edward
 
 ( 
 
 37 
 
 ) 
 
 Leventhorpe, Esq. (No. V.), and travelled to Rome, 
 where be died. He left one son, John, who was a 
 justice of the peace and a deputy-lieutenant of the 
 count)- of Hertford. He was knighted by James I., 
 and was sheriS in 1603. He died in 1625, and was 
 buried in this church. The manor of Tednambury, 
 near Sawbridge worth, was granted by Henry VIII. 
 to Henry Parker, Lord Morley, whose descendant, 
 Thomas, Lord. Morley and Monteagle, sold it in 1659. 
 
 VII. — Two shields and inscription — 
 " Of your charite pray for the soule of "Willfti 
 Chauncy, on whose soule Jhu have mercy." 
 All the words except the first and the names have been 
 scored through, but they can be easily read. The two 
 shields are both bearing the arms of Chauncy : a cross 
 fleury, on a chief a lion passant. The effigy of a man 
 was once fixed on the stone, but has been lost. The 
 inscription is given by Chauncy as under — 
 " Of your charite 
 
 Sey a PaterXostre and an Ave 
 For the Sowl of William Chaunce 
 On whose Sowl Jesu have mercy." 
 
 The Chauncy family lived at Pishiobury, and held 
 the manor from about 1400. A William de Chauncy 
 died in 1343, and most likely the above inscription 
 refers to him. From him descended Sir Henry Chauncy, 
 the historian of Hertfordshire, who has inserted a 
 pedigree of the family in his book, comniencing with 
 a Chauncy de Chauncy, 1066, who came from Amiens, 
 in France, with William the Conqueror. Sir Henry 
 lived at Ardeley Bury. There was originally a shield 
 belonging to the above showing a heart between two 
 hands and two feet in base, all pierced and bleeding, 
 representing the five wounds of our Saviour, but tliis 
 is lost. There are several members of the Chauncy 
 family buried in Sawbridgeworth Church, and there 
 was a Thomas Chauncy vicar there, who died Feb. -ith, 
 1425. Joseph de Chauncy, prior of the Hospital of 
 St. John's of Jerusalem, gave a dwelling-house in 
 1280, with land, to the Vicar of Standon. A John 
 Chauncy married a daughter of the first Sir John 
 Leventhorpe, and died 2nd December, 1477. Charles 
 Chauncy was vicar of Ware in 1627. Several of the 
 family lived at Ardeley Bury, and are buried in Ardeley 
 Church, in which there are several monuments to their 
 memory; they held the manor until 1721. A John 
 Chauncy was a benefactor to the parish of Ardeley, and 
 Ann Chauncy in 1691 gave a communion plate to that 
 church. Henry Chauncy also gave a house and land 
 for the use of the poor there. John Chauncy was town 
 clerk of Hertford in 1663, and one of the same name 
 lived in that borough in 1680, and was alderman and 
 justice of the peace. Sir Henry Chauncy, the historian, 
 was educated at Bishop Stortfoni, and called to the bar 
 in 1656. In 1680 he was appointed the first recorder 
 of the borough of Hertford, and was knighted by 
 Charles II. in 1681, IIo was made a judge in 1684, 
 and died at Ardeley on May 21st, 1719. He published 
 his history of the county in 1700. 
 
 Chauncy gives an inscription which he says is pre- 
 served by Weever, but the figures are gone — 
 " Hie jiicent Johannes ar. & filius & hreres Johannis 
 Chauncy 
 arm : fillii & hseredis Willielmi Chauncy Militis, 
 
 quondam 
 Buronis de Skerpenbeck in Com. Ebor. & Anna uxor 
 ejus una filianim Johannis Leventhorpe, arm. 
 Qui quidem Johannes, obiit 7 Mail 1479 & Anna 
 
 2 Decemb. 1477. Quorum Animabus " 
 
 In the Harl. MSS. is shown the figure of a man in 
 a shroud, holding on his breast a heart with the in- 
 scription '' Jhu misericordia," with the arms of Chauncy 
 and inscription under — 
 
 " Here lyeth Thomas Chnuncy Vicar of this 
 Church who departed his life the 5 of Feb 
 a° 1425 on whose soule God have mercy, Anifn." 
 In Ardeley Church is a stained glass window to the 
 memory of " Henry Carter Snell Chauncy," who died 
 in 1868. He was the eldest son of the Rev. Charles 
 Chauncy, of St. Pauls Walden, and a lineal descendant 
 of Sir Henry Chauncy, Knight, tlie historian, and the 
 last of the name. Charles Snell Chauncy, Esq., died 
 at Dane End on October 9th, 1866, and is buried in 
 Little Munden Church. 
 
 VIII. -Haines says "a shield and another lately 
 lost is all that is left of the brass of John Chauncy, 
 Esq., 1546, and wives Elizabeth and Katherine." 
 Chauncy gives a long inscription to their memory. 
 
 In the Harl. MSS. are also given the following 
 inscriptions on brasses in this church which are not now 
 to be found, and may have been buried when the church 
 was restored : — 
 
 " Ilio jacet Agnes soror Johls Leventliorp Armigeris 
 qui obiit primo die Decemb a° 1444 ciijus anima 
 priipicietur Dfus. Amen." 
 This seems to have been a sister of the first Sir John 
 Leventhorpe. 
 
 " Hie jacet Isabella nup. uxor Johis Leventhorp de 
 Sabridgeworth in com Hartford Armig. quondam 
 uxor Robti Southwell de eudem comitntu Ar. 
 et filia Johis Boys de Wilington in com Lincoln, 
 Armigeri quse qunedam Isabella obiit xx die 
 Julii 1481. Ciijus anima propicietur Deus. Amen." 
 A Sir Richard Southwell held the manor of Widford 
 in 1544, and .... Southwell, Esq., was member 
 of Parliament for the borough of Hertford in 1557. 
 Sir Robert Southwell, Master of the Rolls, is mentioned 
 on a brass at Wyddial. 
 
 In Great St. Helen's church, Bishopsgate-street, 
 London, is a brass to John Leentliorp, Esq., 1510. 
 
 Haines mentions a " brass of a man in amiour, about 
 1480, said to bo from Sawbridgewortli," at Goodrich 
 Court, Herefordshire. 
 
 S HENLEY. 
 On floor. 
 I. — Inscription — 
 
 " Vnder this marble stone here lyes 
 A iewell of rich prise 
 
 10
 
 ( 
 
 38 
 
 "Who natvre in the worlds disdayne 
 
 Bvt showd & pvt it vp againe 
 
 Here lyeth Elizabeth davghter of 
 
 Kalph Alwaye who, dyed the xixth 
 
 daye of lanvarye an° Dili 1618 
 
 being of 6 yeres and vpwardes." 
 Haines mentions a brass to Mr. Ralph AUway, of 
 Canons, 1621, and his wife Dorothy, with four 
 daughters, Mary, Anne, Dorothy, and Elizabeth. This 
 is also noticed by Chauncy, and given by Clutterbuck 
 in his history of the county. Chauncy says that Mr. 
 Ralph Alway was a "zealous and religious gentleman." 
 He held the manor of Holmes, or Canons, in succession 
 to a John Alwey, who was probably his father, who 
 purchased the same manor in 15i4. 
 
 SHEPHALL. 
 
 In chancel, 
 I. — Inscription — . / " 
 
 " Here lyeth the body of George Nodes Gentylma 
 
 Sargeante 
 of y*^ bockehoundes to Kyng Henry the Vllltli , 
 
 Edward y'' Vltli 
 Queue Mary and to Quene Elyzabeth which dyed 
 
 the xvij 
 daye of May an° 1564 and Margaret his wyff dyed 
 
 the 
 
 daye of an° 15 " 
 
 II. — Inscription — 
 " Here under lyetii the bodye of Margaret Noodes y^ 
 
 wyfe 
 of Gorge Noodes late of Shephall berry Sargyaunt 
 
 of y*' 
 Bucke Houndes unto Kinge Henry Kinge Edward 
 
 Queue 
 Mary & Quene Elizabeth, which Margaret deceassed 
 
 the vith 
 
 daye of January in theyeare of our Lord God. 1-582." 
 The family of Nodes possessed the manor of Shephall 
 and lived at Shephall Bury. The first of the lords of 
 the manor of this name was the above named George 
 Ixodes, and it descended through several generations of 
 the family until 1838, when it was sold. George Nodes 
 was master of the buckhounds, &c., as stated in the 
 inscription, and on his brass is engraved the name of 
 his wife, &c., but she also has a separate plate, and her 
 name is differently spelt to the former one. Elizabeth 
 Nodes in 1730, and John Nodes in 1737, both of 
 Shephall Bury, left by will benefactions for the poor 
 of the parish. The church contains several monuments 
 and inscriptions to the family, which seems to have been 
 of some importance in the county. At Biddenham, in 
 Bedfordshire, is a brass to "Helen daughter of Geo. 
 Nodes of Shephall Esq. and wife of Wm. Boteler Esq. 
 1639." This "William Boteler was related to the 
 Botelers of "Woodhall, "Watton. 
 
 ST. ALBANS (The Abbey). 
 I.— Man dressed in a long robe trimmed with fur 
 with large sleeves, his hair is cut straight on his fore- 
 
 head, and his fingers are bent. The eflBgy of his wife 
 is gone, and also those of his sons, but six daughters 
 remain. A marginal inscription on the stone is partly 
 gone — 
 
 ". . . . [Rauff 11 owlatt] Mchaunt of the Staple 
 at Calais and Jane his wyfe whiche Rauif decessed 
 the . . . day of .... in the yer of 
 our lord God MVc . . . and the . . ." 
 Boutell has an engraving of the man, and says " He 
 was late of Holywell House, in St. Albans, and of 
 S.indridge," and gives the date about looO. Haines 
 gives 1519. Chauncy does not mention the brass, but 
 gives an epitaph to a Margery Rowlet, wife to John 
 Maynard and sister of Ralph Rowlatt. Ralph Rowlett 
 was lord of the manor of Gorhambury, and sold it to 
 Sir Nicliolas Bacon. He was member of Parliament 
 for Hertfordshire in 1547. He was a lineal ancestor 
 of Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, and the estates of 
 Gorhambury and Sandridge were granted to him by 
 Henry "VI I L at the dissolution of the monastery of St. 
 Albans. In Sir Philip Hoby's diary is mentioned, 
 " Momlay, the 28th June (loo8), the marriage was 
 made and solemnized between me and Elizabeth Cooke, 
 daughter to Sr Anthonye Cooke, Knight. The same 
 day was also her sister Margaret, the Quene's maide, 
 marled to Sr Balph Rowlet, Knight, who shortlic after 
 departed out of this lief.'' An inscription in the school 
 states that Sir Ralph Rowlett was a benefactor to that 
 establishment. 
 
 II. — Lower portion of the figure of an abbot in 
 robes, with pastoral staff, surrounded by a canopy with 
 inscription under and with ornaments at the sides. 
 The upper part of the figure and the canopy have dis- 
 appeared— 
 
 " Meus-vivit-et-in-novissimo-die . . . rus-sum." 
 " Hie quidam terra tegitur, peccati solveiis debitura." 
 " Cuinomennonimponiturin libro vitesitcoscriptu." 
 This is supposed to represent John de la Moote, who was 
 thirty-first Abbot, from 1396-1400, and held various 
 offices in the monastery, and while he was cellarer he 
 was put in the pillory at Luton market by Philip de 
 Limbury, who did not approve of him or his religion. 
 On the reverse of this brass is the lower part of a 
 female figure with a dog at her feet with collar and 
 bells, which, according to Boutell and Haines was 
 engraved before that of the Abbott. Boutell gives an 
 engraving of both sides of the brass, which is loose in 
 the abbey, near that of Abbott de la Mare, and 
 Chauncy mentions the inscription only as being on a 
 tombstone in the church. 
 
 Abbot John de la Moote built the abbot's house at 
 Tittenhanger, and died in 1400, and was buried in the 
 Chapter House of the abbey. 
 
 III. — Man and woman and inscription under — 
 
 " Hie jacet Thomas Fayreman 
 
 U.x. e! qui obiit p'mo die mensis . a° dmi 
 
 MCCCCXI. ." 
 
 These brasses are very much worn, and the inscription 
 
 is broken and defaced. The man "wears an anelace 
 
 suspended from his waist, and both figures are dressed
 
 ( 
 
 39 
 
 ) 
 
 in plain costume. Haines (Xo. III.) says "Thomas 
 Fayreman was a Merchant of the Staple of Calais." 
 
 There was a Robert Fairman living in the borough 
 of Hertford in 1642. 
 
 IV. — Large brass to an abbot, with canopy and 
 inscription — 
 
 " Hie jacet Dominus Thomas quondam Abbas hujus 
 
 Monasterii " 
 
 This brass is of Flemish workmanship, and is said to be 
 the finest existing specimen of an ecclesiastical brass. 
 It is supposed to represent Abbot Thomas de la Mare, 
 or "Mere" or "Merc," who was the thirtieth abbot and 
 died on loth September, 1396, and was buried at the 
 foot of the high altar. Clutterbuck, in his history of 
 the county, has an engraving of the plate, and Boutell 
 also, omitting the canopy. He was the son of Sir John 
 de la Mere and Joanna, his wife, and was probably a 
 near relation of Sir Peter de la Mare, said to be the 
 first speaker of the House of Commons. He governed 
 the Abbey forty -seven years, which was much longer 
 than any other abbot before or after him, and was in 
 great favour with King Edward III. This splendid 
 large brass was prepared under his own superintendence 
 about 1360, and represents him in full eucharistic dress, 
 very costly and magnificent ; his hands are crossed and 
 covered with jewelled gloves, and his feet encased in 
 embroidered sandals ; he has a mitre on his head, and 
 his left arm rests on his pastoral staff. The canopy is 
 divided into smaller canopied compartments, with 
 figures of our Saviour with two angelic figures on 
 either side, and beyond St. Peter and St. Paul ; below 
 stand St. Alban with a sword and a cross, and Off"a, 
 king of Mercia, wearing a crown and holding a spear ; 
 also six double canopies with St. John, St. Andrew, 
 St. Thomas, St. James, St. Bartholomew, and St. 
 Philip, and in six others saints or prophets wearing 
 crowns. The borders are engraved with square and 
 round roses alternately, and the inscription is shown in 
 large letters and has an initial cross, but was never 
 completed. The bra^s is damaged to some extent, and 
 has been removed from the original stone to which it 
 was fixed, and is now placed in the chauntry of John 
 de AVheathamstede. 
 
 V. — Part of a large canopy ornamented, which 
 formerly contained the figure of an abbot with pastoral 
 staff, and bad figures at the top of the Virgin and 
 Child, Jesse, and perhaps St. Ampbibalus. Three 
 scrolls formerly proceeded from the face of the figure, 
 inscribed — 
 
 " Celica regna bone m'dent' queso patrone " ; 
 
 " Penas compesce. Requiem da virgula Jesse " ; 
 
 " Me precor, Amphibale, solvens ad sidera sume " ; 
 but only the four last words of the latter now remain. 
 Clianncy also gives a very long Latin inscription, 
 which he says "is in the chancel round a gravestone 
 of a mitred abbot," but only a portion is now existing, 
 as under — 
 
 " Vir crucis & XpT. 
 Tumulo iacet insitus isti. 
 Carcere de tristi. 
 
 Saluetur sanguine Xpi. 
 
 relligione. 
 
 Mundum contempsit. 
 
 tolerabat. 
 
 Gandia, tristicias . . 
 
 . . . . tempora durans. 
 
 Hostibus ecclesie restitit in facie. 
 
 Ad tumulum proceres mors impia transferet omnes 
 
 Et ■ . ." 
 
 This brass is supposed to represent Abbot Stoke, who was 
 prior of Wallingford and was appointed thirty-fourth 
 abbot in 1440, and died about 14-51. An engraving is 
 given in " Gough's Sepulchral Monuments." The 
 Society of Antiquaries' account of 1813 describes the 
 above thus : " A large slab has the upper half of a 
 large brass figure of an abbot mitred and holding a 
 crozier, some tabernacle work, and two little images, 
 one holding a wand, the other like John the Baptist, 
 with his flag, cross, and purse. Two shields bearing 
 the saltire of the Abbey in brass are left, and round 
 the ledge was an inscription (see Chauncy), and from 
 his mouth a scroll inscribed with three Latin lines, two 
 of which remain." 
 
 VI.— A monk. Haines (Xo. IV.) says " about 1450, 
 perhaps Reginald Bernewelt, 1443." This brass is 
 loose, and the inscription is gone. 
 
 VII. — Man (in armour) and wife. The upper part 
 of the man and figures of two sons and two daughters 
 and inscription are gone, and the figure of the wife is 
 much worn. The man has a dog at his feet. Haines 
 (Xo. VI.) give the date as about 1465, and says the 
 figures represent Bartholomew Halsey and Florens his 
 wife, and formerlv had this inscription — 
 
 " Here lieth Bartholomew Halsey and Florens his 
 wife . . . Charitye sey for those tweyn sowlis a 
 paternoster and " 
 
 The family of Halsey were of note in the county, 
 and have remained so to the present day, one of the 
 name being in 1883 and 1886 a Member of Parliament 
 for the county, and his father held the same office in 
 18-52. "William Halsey was a bailiff of the town of 
 Great Berkhamsted in 1639. Sir John Halsey, of 
 Gaddesdcn, held a manor there in IO.38, and he and 
 two of his daughters left legacies to the poor of that 
 parish. Thomas Halsey was sheriff of the county iu 
 1679, and a Thomas Halsey was M.P. for the county 
 in the reign of William III. 
 
 VIII.— A man, without his head, dressed as a 
 civilian. This brass is loose, and Haines gives the 
 date about 1470. 
 
 IX. — A monk, holding in his hand a heart showing 
 six drops of blood. Haines gives the date as about
 
 ( 
 
 40 
 
 ) 
 
 1470, and has an enojraving of the figure. From the 
 mouth jiroceeds a scroll engraved with the words — 
 
 " Cor niuiidum crea in me Deus." 
 The inscription under states that Robert Beauner held 
 various offices in the monastery during more than forty 
 years — 
 
 " Hie jacet Frater Robcrtus Beauner q'udni. hui 
 
 Monasterij Monachns qui q' draginta sex annis 
 
 continuis & vltra ministrabat in div'sis officijs 
 
 maioribus & minorbz c5vent monasterij p'scripti 
 
 videliz. In officiis Yercii p'oris coquarij ReiTectorarij 
 
 &: Inffirmarij Et in officijs subreffectorarij & speru 
 
 c5vent' Pro cui 'aia Fratres carissimi ffunde p'ces 
 
 dignemini ad indicem altissimii piisima dnii ihu 
 
 cristu. vt concedat sibi suor' veniam peccator amen." 
 
 X. — Half-length figure of a monk. The brass is 
 
 loose, and the remaining portion is gone. Haines says 
 
 the date is about 1470. There was formerly a label 
 
 from the mouth of the figure inscribed — 
 
 " Misericordia tua, domine, adjuvabat me." 
 
 The account of the Society of Antiquaries for 1813 
 
 gives on page 10; "On a stone for an abbot a brass 
 
 figure and inscription, which are both gone." 
 
 " . . . Ricard : I : ici : den : de : sa : alme : ei-merci 
 
 tus : ke : par : ici : passis : pater : ot : ave : pur : 
 
 lalme : pries : e : tons : 
 k : pur : lalme : . . . . unt : tons : . . . ante 
 
 : it : . . . ri . . . r . . . unnus." 
 XI.— Knight in armour, with helmet at his head. 
 The inscription is missing, but a portion of it was as 
 under — 
 
 ". . . knyght son and heire to Edmond erle of Kent 
 . . . . d the fourth hole suster to our sov'raine 
 
 Lady the 
 .... yere of our Lorde A 1480, and of the kyng 
 .... ke; on wliosesoule God have mercy. Amen." 
 Boutell has an engraving of this brass, and says " the 
 knight wears the Yorkist collar of suns and roses. He 
 was brother to John Lord Grey of Groby, the first 
 husband of Elizabeth Woodville, afterwards Queen of 
 England, and with his brother fell at the battle of 
 Bernard's Heath near St. Alb;tns, which was fought 
 17 Feby., 1480." " This knight was Sir Anthony de 
 Grey, eldest son of Edmund Lord Grey, of Ruthyn ; 
 his mother was Catherine, daughter of Henry Percy, 
 Earl of Northumberland, and his father was created 
 Earl of Kent by Edward IV. He married Joan, 
 daughter of Richard Wydeville, or Woodville, Earl 
 Rivers, and sister to Elizabeth, Queen of Edward IV., 
 and to Anne, wife of bis next brother, George de Grey, 
 second earl of Kent. Sir Anthony died without issue 
 during the lifetime of his father." There were 
 originally four shields placed round this brass, but only 
 one now remains, which bears tbe arms of Grey with 
 others. 
 
 XII. — A man dressed as a civilian. This brass is 
 loose, and Haines (No. VII.) gives the date about 14 65. 
 XIII. — Figure of a monk, with inscription (loose) — 
 •' Memoriale domini Thome Rutlond quondam 
 Suporis hui monasterii, qui ex hac luce migravit 
 
 X-X die mensis Augusti Anno dni millimo quadragin- 
 
 tessimo vicessimo primo cui. aTe indulgeat Altissira." 
 
 This Thomas Rutlond was sub-prior of the Monastery, 
 
 and died in 1521. Round the ledge of the stone were 
 
 formerly the words — 
 
 " . . . . in conspectu tuo egi ide deprecor majestatem 
 tuum ut tu Deus ...,...." 
 XIV. — A scroll, which was originally inscribed — 
 " [Salva Redemptor plasma tuum] nobile 
 Signatu Sco vult' tni lumine 
 [Nee lacerari sinas fraud] e dsemonura 
 Propter quos mort' exsolvisti pseiia." 
 The words in brackets are missing, but the scroll for- 
 merly belonged to the figure of a monk (which is also 
 lost) kneeling at the foot of a cross by which stood the 
 Virgin and St. John. 
 
 XV. — A twisted scroll above a lost effigy of a priest, 
 witL inscription — 
 
 " Te rogam te laudih n° mat' ihii xpi 
 Ut intendas & defendas nos a vere tristi." 
 XVI. — Inscription — 
 " pray for the Soules of Willfii Stroder & Margaret 
 his wyf, whiche margaret decessed the xxv day of 
 Marche, the yer of our lord god mvxvii, on whose 
 soules jhu have m'cy." 
 The effigies of the man and his wife are missing. 
 
 XVII.— Inscription (loose) — 
 
 " Orate pro iITi henrici Grymbalde capellani 
 qui obiit primo die mensis Octubr' Anno dm 
 M°V°XXIF Cuius aie propicietur deus amen." 
 
 XVIII. —Inscription (loose) — 
 " Pray for Mawde Hairyes which lyeth in this grave 
 Desyre God hartelie her sowle for to save 
 Whiche deceased the xv ditye of Februarie 
 On whose sowle Almyghtie god have mcj'e. 
 Anno domini Millesimo CCCCC 
 
 Tricesimo Septimo." 
 A Thomas Harris was living in the borough of St. 
 Albans, 1604. 
 
 XIX. — Inscription (loose) — 
 " Ecce sacerdos eram iam f actus vile cadaver. 
 Et cito pulvis erit queso memento mei 
 Siste gradu qui me tetris hie funde precat 
 Me deus ut levet bine, ducat ad usque potum. 
 Ricardus Stondou obiit . . die . . An° MV° ..." 
 This brass was probably laid in the monk's lifetime, 
 and on his breast were the words " Jesu Christ, Mary's 
 son, Have mercy on the soul of Richard Stondon." 
 
 XX. — Inscription — 
 
 " Here lyeth Agnes Skelton the youngest daughter of 
 
 Robert Skelton by Joan his wife deceased the xiith 
 
 day of Maye in the yeare of our Lord Christ 1604." 
 
 Robert Skelton is mentioned as being an inhabitant 
 
 of the borougli of St. Albans in 1591, and as mayor in 
 
 1611 and 1621. 
 
 Haines mentions all the above except Nos. XIX. and 
 XX. Chauncy notices only Nos. II., IV., V., and 
 IX., and Boutell describes Nos. I., II., IV., V., IX., 
 and XI. Nos. II., VI., VIII., X., XIL, XVI.,
 
 ( 41 
 
 XVII., XVIII., XIX. and XX. are all loose, and are 
 placed in the cbapel of Abbot Wheatbampstead near 
 the brass of Abbot Delamere. Chauncy notices other 
 inscriptions which are not visible now, and Haines 
 says "that there was formerly a brass cross with a 
 bead at the centre, an engraving of which is in 
 ' Knight's Old England,' fig. 1086, &c., and there was 
 another which had only a head with inscription ; also 
 in the choir of the abbey is a large slab with an indent 
 of a foreign brass, probably of Michael de Mentniore, 
 twenty-ninth abbot, who died in 1349 ; and that there 
 is a chantry altar which had brasses at the side. 
 There are very many stones in the abbey which show 
 by the remaining indents that they once contained 
 brasses, and Haines says that these slabs number 270. 
 In Add. MS. British Museum 9064, p. r22a, is a 
 sketch of the brass of a civilian and wife, about 1500, 
 which was formerly in the north aisle, but is now lost. 
 St. Michael's. 
 On floor of chapel. 
 I.— IVIan and woman, shield, and inscription— 
 " John Pecok & Maud sa fenime gisunt^^ 
 Yci dieu de lour almes eit merci ame." 
 The figure of the man is shown a little taller than his 
 wife, and he is wearing the costume of a merchant. 
 The lady wears a handkerchief falling over her 
 shoulders, and short sleeves with buttoned wristbands. 
 Haines gives the date about 1380. One shield is miss- 
 ing, but the one that remains is quartered with the 
 arms of Pecok and Weyland. 
 
 John Pecok, of Redbourne, was connected with the 
 manor of Windridge, St. Albans, in 1276, and married 
 a daughter of John de Weyland, and from them 
 descended the man who with his wife is represented by 
 these brasses. Lord Venilam now holds the above 
 manor, and the late Countess of Verulam was 
 descended from the family of Weyland, who held it 
 .500 years ago. Stephen Peacock was Lord Mayor 
 of London, and attended at the coronation of Queen 
 Anne Boleyn in 1534. 
 
 On foor of nave under chancel arch. 
 IT.— A man in armour with dog at his feet. The 
 inscription is lost, but Haines gives the date as 1380. 
 Boutfell has an engraving of the knight, and says about 
 1383. The brass is very much like that in Great 
 Berkhampstead Church to John Raven, 13 95, and Cussans 
 savs that the only inscription applicable to it is one 
 ' quoted by Chauncy — 
 " Hie jacet Thomas Wolvey (or "Wolven) Latomus in 
 arte nee non Armiger illustrissimi Principis Ricardi 
 secundi quandam Regis Anglire, qui obiit an Dom. 
 1430 in vigilia Sancti Thomie Martyris. Cujus 
 auinifc propitietur Deus Amen." 
 Chauncy also says : " It seems by this inscription that 
 this man was the master mason or surveyor of the 
 King's stone works, as also Esquire to the King's 
 
 person." 
 
 On floor of sotdh aisle. 
 
 III._A floriated cross, containing a small figure 
 
 ) 
 
 of a man dressed as a civilian. The cross is partly 
 destroyed, and Haines gives the date as about 1400. 
 The Gentleman's ilf«^«siMe for April, 1812, contains a 
 description and an engraving of this cross and figure. 
 On floor of nave. 
 IV. — Inscription — 
 
 " Here lyethe Henry Gape and Florens his WyS 
 Who owte of this world chayneged his lyfte 
 In the monethe of September the sevent day 
 The yere of salvacyon 1558 the truthe to say 
 Whos sowU we wysshe as love dothe bynde. 
 In Heaven withe Chryste a place to fynde."_ 
 Cussans says that the family of Gape have lived at 
 St. Albans for more than 300 years, and in 1552 the 
 above Henry Gape was one of the principal inhabitants 
 of the town, as one of his descendants is at the present 
 time. 
 
 Haines mentions all the four brasses in this church, 
 and says that Nos. I. and III. are under pews, No. II. 
 in the vestry, and No. IV. in the church chest ; but in 
 1882 they were all to be found on the floor in various 
 parts of the building. Cussans gives Nos. I., II., 
 and IV., and Chauncy the same, and adds another 
 inscription to Richard 'Wolven, which may perhaps be 
 covered over. 
 
 St. Peter's. 
 I.— Man and wife and children. The inscription is 
 gone, but Chauncy gives it as under, being in existence 
 when he wrote his history — 
 
 " Memorise et virtutis Sacrum. 
 " Here lies Roger Pembertou Esq. sometime High 
 Sherifi' of this County, who by his last will ordained 
 Six Alms Houses to be built near this Church for 
 six poor widows and bath given out of his Manner 
 of Sbelton in the County of Bedford £30 per 
 annum for ever for their maintenance. To whose 
 pious memory Elizabeth his loving wife and Ralph 
 Pemberton their dutiful son Mayor of this Town 
 Executors of his last will have dedicated this 
 Remembrance. He lived well and departed this 
 life the 13. of November 1627 the 72. year of his 
 age. Here now his Body rests in expectation of a 
 ioyful Resurrection." 
 The man is habited in the robes of a sheriff, and his 
 wife wears the costume of the period. The inscription 
 tulls us what he did for posterity, and Chauncy says he 
 was sheriff in 1620. His father, Lewis Pemberton, 
 was sheriff in 1615, as was also his grandfather in the 
 same year, but died during the year he held the office. 
 The name of the grandfather was Sir Francis Pember- 
 ton, of Pemberton, in the county of Lancaster, belong- 
 ino- to an ancient family. The childrens' efligies are 
 on" a separate plate, and there are three sons dressed 
 alike and three daughters, one of whom is clad in gown 
 and ruflle and wears a hat ; the daughter standing next 
 is bare-headed, and has the collar of her cloak open, 
 showing the bare neck, and in front of her, at her teet, 
 is the figure of a small sister lying on a couch, repre- 
 senting her as having died young. An inscription at 
 the top — 
 
 11
 
 ( 
 
 42 
 
 ) 
 
 " Filii dicti Rogeri / " Filia3 dicti Rogeri 
 
 et Elizabethre I et Elizabetlite 
 
 Raph, Robt. Jobn." ( Eliz. Eliz. Tecla." 
 
 It -will be seen tbat on the brass of the children 
 appear the names of two Elizabeths, which may lead 
 us to suppose that the child who died young bore this 
 name, and that the same name was given to the 
 daughter who is standing over her. In 1882 these 
 brasses were loose in the vestry of the church, and 
 were found to be very much worn, and on the back 
 of the brass of the children is another inscription, 
 showing that it had done duty 100 years previously. 
 This inscription is nearly illegible, and is to the 
 memory of John Ball, brickmaker, 1515, who left 
 105. yearly for an obit for himself, his wife Elizabeth, 
 and John and Chrystyan, his parents. 
 
 The eldest son, Ralph, was mayor of the borough of 
 St. Albans in 1627 and 1638, and was the father of 
 Chief Justice Pemberton, who died at High gate in 
 1697. In the register of St. Stephen's parish is stated 
 " that on 14th Deer. 1601 Master Raphael Pemberton 
 was married to Mistres Marie Conningcsbie of Sopwell 
 the eldest daughter of Syr Richard Lee, Knight, and 
 wydow of Master Humfrey Oonningesbie." Mistress 
 Marie died in London 27th March, 1610, and was 
 buried in the chancel of this church. 
 
 Haines says that there are drawings of the foregoing 
 figures in the British Museum, and of four others now 
 lost — 
 
 (1) A priest, about 1410, above an inscribed rose, 
 now at the Bodleian, Oxford. 
 
 (2) John Atkyn, glover, 1449, andWidow Dame Joan. 
 
 (3) A priest, 1460, with chalice. 
 
 (4) Wm. Mitor and wife Grace, 1486. 
 
 (1) Chauncy mentions this as follows: — "Under 
 a marble stone in the Quire a religious man hath 
 interred, whose name is worn or stolen out, with the 
 Brass. Only the Form of a Rose remaineth, and in 
 the turning of the Leaves this inscription — 
 
 * Lo all that 'ere I spent somtyni had I 
 Al that I gav to good intent, that now hav I 
 That which I nether gav nor lent, that now aby I, 
 That I kept, till I went, that lost I.' " 
 An old translation from these Latin couplets following — 
 " Quod expendi, habui 
 Quod donavi, habeo 
 Quod negavi punior 
 Quod servavi, perdidi." 
 There is a rose similarly inscribed at Ashridge House, 
 which originally whs in the church of Edlesborough, 
 in Bucks. 
 
 (2) Chauncy does not note this brass, but Haines 
 says : " A shield, on which was engraven a pair of 
 gloves, was placed over the figures (now lost) of John 
 Atkyn, glover, and widow, 1449." 
 
 (4) Chauncy gives the inscription belonging to this 
 brass — 
 
 " "William Mitor and his wyffe Grase 
 Under this Ston ben buryed her 
 In Hevyn good Lord grant them plase 
 As thow them boght with thy Blood so der 
 
 "Which "William as her hit doth apper 
 The ninth day of March past this present lyff 
 On Thowsand fowr Hundryd and six yer 
 Of Crist, whos grase be ther preservatyff." 
 Chauncy also says: "This Church and Churchyard was 
 filled with the bodies of those that were slain in the 
 two Battles fought in this Town, among whom Sir 
 Bertin Entwysel, fighting on the King's part, died of a 
 wound received in the first Battle, upon whose Tomb 
 this inscription, inlaid in Brass, is yet to be read : — 
 ' Here lyeth Sir Bertin Entwysel Kt. which was born 
 
 in Lancashire and was Vicount and Baron of Brykleke 
 
 in Normandy and BailiflF of Constanline who died 
 
 the 28 of May 1455 on whose soul Jesus have 
 
 mercy.' " 
 And he adds that " these Entwysels were gentlemen of 
 good account in Lancashire," &c. 
 
 An engraving of this brass is given in Nichol's 
 Leic : showing the figure of a man in armour, with 
 the upper part of the body and the feet missing, and a 
 shield at each corner of the stone and eight labels at 
 the sides and above the head of the figure, which bear 
 the word "Jesus" on four of them, and "Mercy" 
 on the others. 
 
 A Philip Antwissell, of Cottered, was a benefactor 
 of the poor in that place in 1577. 
 
 The only brasses now existing in this church are 
 those mentioned first, of Roger Pemberton and his 
 wife and family, but Chauncy gives several long and 
 many short inscriptions to others, as — 
 " Ralph Babthorpe Dapifer to Henry 6 died 22 May 
 
 1455, and his father of the same name a squire, 
 
 both of whom were slain while fighting at St. 
 
 Albans for King Henry 6 and lye buried together." 
 " Richard Skipwith gentleman died 16 August 1420 
 
 aged 20 and his two wives Joanna and Joannes," &c. 
 " Edward BeuUed and Alice his wife 8 Jany 1475." 
 " Thomas Astry and Elizabeth .... 1507." 
 
 " John Lind ........ 3 Sep 1464." 
 
 And four other inscriptions of the family of "Westby, 
 of 1447, 1475, 1495, &c. 
 
 St. Stephen's. 
 
 On floor of chapel. 
 
 I. — Man and wife, four sons, and five daughters. 
 The man wears a complete suit of armour, except the 
 helmet, and has a dog at his feet ; the lady has a large 
 head-dress and veil. The inscription is gone, but is 
 given by Chauncy — ■ 
 " Hie jacet "Willielmus Robins armiger nuper 
 
 Clericus Sigueti Edwardi quarti nuper Regis Anglise 
 et Katherina uxor ejusdem "Willielmi : qui quidera 
 "Willielmus obiit 4 die mensis Novembris an Dom. 
 
 1482 quorum animabus " 
 
 This "William Robins was Clerk of the Signet ; and 
 Chauncy says he always had the custody of the privy 
 signet, as well for sealing his Majesty's private letters 
 as other documents. 
 
 Chauncy also mentions the following inscriptions : — 
 " Here lyeth Robert Turbervile and Dorothy his
 
 ( 
 
 43 
 
 ) 
 
 wife which Robert dyed the 26 of Feb 1529, and 
 Dorothy the 7 of Octr 1521. Sancta Trinitas 
 unus Deus miserere nobis." 
 Here lyeth John Turbervile Vicar of this Church 
 
 who died 1536 " 
 
 Quos tegit hsec Petra, junxit Thorns et Domus nna 
 lam pulvis factus Willus Davis nomine dictus 
 Cum Margareta Sponsali foedore juncta 
 Cum prece devota qui transis, sta, prcecor, ora." 
 Hie jacet Johannes Gril quondam Magister 
 Sancti Juliani, et Vicarius istius EcclesioB 
 Qui obiit sexto die Decembris 1449 
 Cujus animoe propitietur altissimus." 
 
 STANDON. 
 On south wall of chancel. 
 I. — Inscription — 
 " Hie iacent sepulti in Gcia % mia Dei Johes Ruggewyn 
 Armiger .... 
 xxvj die Octobris. Anno diii M°CCCC°XII°. Et 
 
 margeria uxor ei 
 
 obiit die mens A° dfii M°CCCC " 
 
 The date of the wife's death has not been filled in, and 
 the prayer for the soul has been cut from the brass. 
 
 In Haines, 1861, the brass of a man kneeling, with 
 the above inscription under, was in existence, but is 
 now gone, and it is also to be found engraved in Add. 
 MSS. in the British Museum. Chauncy and Cussans 
 give the inscription only. 
 
 John Ruggewyn was a Member of Parliament for 
 the county of Hertford from 1390 to 1397, and sheriff 
 in 1386 and 1387. He was possessed of a manor in 
 the parish of Standon in 1412, and seems to have been 
 a man of repute and property. 
 
 On floor of nave. 
 II. — Small figure of a man in civilian dress trimmed 
 with fur, with one coat of arms. The inscription and 
 one coat of arms is gone. Haines says the date is 
 about 1460, and the figure probably represents John 
 Curteys, stock fishmonger, of London, 1465. The 
 remaining coat of arms has " on a Bend three Hawk- 
 lures within a Bordure charged with fourteen Roundles." 
 This is somewhat similar to the maternal arms of Wade 
 (No. IV.). William Curtis is mentioned in the parish 
 of Little Hadham in 1427. John Curtys, Esq., was 
 patron of the living of Buckland in 1409. 
 On wall of north aisle. 
 III. — Large brasses, in good preservation, of two 
 men, seven children, four shields, and inscription at 
 side — 
 
 " [Here lyeth John Field sometime Alderman of 
 London a Merchant of the] StapuU of Caleys the 
 whech decessed the xvi day of Avgvst in the yere of 
 our lord god MCCCCLXXVII. Also her lyeth 
 John hys son Squire ye whech decessed ye iiii day 
 
 of May y'' yere of " 
 
 The first figure (John Field or Feld) represents a mnn 
 dressed in an alderman's robes, trimmed with fur. He 
 
 has a double chain of gold round his neck, and he 
 wears a rosary and gypciere ; his train is thrown over 
 his left shoulder ; above his head are the city of 
 London arms, defaced, and effigies of his children, two 
 sons and one daughter, are at his feet, and his trade 
 mark on a shield beneath them. His son, who is called 
 the " Squire," is wearing a complete suit of armour 
 without helmet, and his sword is suspended diagonally 
 in front of him ; his hair is long and his face close 
 shaven, as is his father's. Above his head is a shield, 
 bearing the arras of the Staple of Calais, which it is 
 presumed belongs to his father, and at his feet are 
 small figures of his two sons and two daughters, and 
 underneath them a shield bearing his arms. These 
 brasses were originally coloured, as traces of the colours 
 remain, and Cussans has a large engraving of the 
 whole, highly coloured, representing the originals. 
 
 Chauncy mentions " A man in armour and his wife, 
 with inscription," which is clearly a mistake, this being 
 the very uncommon instance of a man and his son, and 
 no wives. 
 
 John Field was an alderman of the city of London 
 in 1450. He lent £2,000 to King Henry VI., and 
 was elected sheriff of the City in 1454. He was a 
 wool-merchant, carrying on business in connection with 
 Calais, similar to others who are found buried in 
 Hitchin Church, and seems to have been a man having 
 large estates in the neighbourhood of Standon, and his 
 descendants are to be found in the county at the present 
 day. In 1378 John atte Felde owned some property 
 at Standon, and probably was an ancestor. John Feld, 
 of Standon, Esquire, is mentioned about 1480 entitled 
 to spend 40s. upwards per annum. In 1676 Edmund 
 Fielde, of Marden, Herts, was M.P. for the borough of 
 Hertford, and was living in 1698. Several monuments 
 to the Fielde family are in Stanstead Church, 1719- 
 1805, and a Thomas Fielde was vicar of that place in 
 1767, and another Thomas in 1796, and a descendant 
 of the original Field was appointed vicar of Sawbridge- 
 worth in 1864. A Sir Thomas Field lived at Stanstead 
 Bury about 1661. 
 
 Waller's " Monumental Brasses" contains an account 
 of the above, and a description was in the City Fress, 
 1st May, 1868. 
 
 On floor of nave. 
 
 IV. — Man in armour, three shields, and inscription — 
 " Thy lyraes Wade yt lately death hath slaine 
 under thys stone enterred here Remaine 
 Thy Sowle discharged of here bourden great 
 hath made her fiight to god in his high seate 
 Thow doost conqvere and yet conqvcrcd art 
 death yeld to y*-' and thow vnto death's dart 
 Thy bodie is to gredye wormcs A pray 
 thy soule with god in heaven dwelle alway 
 vivit p's fvnera virtvs 
 the XV day of Septeb° An° MVclvij." 
 This brass represents a young man, who probably was 
 connected with the family of No. II., as the shields are 
 bearing similar arras. 
 A John Wade was a citizen of London in 1299.
 
 ( 
 
 44 
 
 ) 
 
 V. — One shield and inscription over — 
 " Here lietli Willfii Cofl'yn knight sutyme of ye 
 pvie chabre wt his sovfiigne lord kinge Henry 
 theight & Mr of y*^ horse vnto qvene Jane ye most 
 lawfull wyfe vnto ye aforsaid kinge H theight and 
 high steward of all y*^ lyberty & manor of Stando in y'^ 
 covtye of hertford wli Willin decessyd ye viij day of 
 decemb A° dui xvcxxxviij the xxx yere of y^ raigne 
 
 of kinge Henry theight [ ]" 
 
 The latter part of the inscription has been cut ofi. 
 
 William Coffyn was evidently a man of good repute, 
 and held appointments as stated in the above inscription, 
 but his name does not appear in connection with the 
 parish of Standon at any other time. 
 
 YI. — Haines gives No. YI. : " Six sons and four 
 daughters in shrouds, part of the brass of Philip 
 Aslley, Esq., 1467, and his four wives Lettis, Margaret, 
 Elizabeth, Alice," but nothing now remains. Chauncy 
 states that he found the effigies of the man and his 
 four wives, in brass, and of five sons and five daughters, 
 and gives the inscription — 
 " Hie jacet Philippus Astley armiger quondam 
 
 Famulus illnstrissimi Principis Ricardi nuper Ducis 
 Eboraci, Lcetitia, Margaretta, Elizabetlia et Alicia 
 usores ejus, qui quidem Philippus obiit 22 die Mensis 
 Julii An. Dom, HG7." 
 
 This is the only instance in this county where we 
 find brasses to a man and his four wives mentioned, 
 and unfortunately these do not now exist. They are also 
 mentioned in the Add. MSS. in the British Museum. 
 
 VII. — Inscription — 
 " Amongest the mo whome death in wonted wise 
 hath cast from restles toyle and carking care 
 Of wretched world. Here Richard Emerson lies 
 to teache the rest tliat lyve even what they are 
 Thre tymes fyve hundreth yeres thre score and twelve 
 Octobre on the eight and twenty day 
 he chaunged lyfe he cold not here remayne 
 His tyme was fixed for so the scriptures say 
 Yitam mors superat post mortem fama superstes." 
 
 STANSTEAD ABBOTTS.- 
 Near pulpit. 
 I. — A man dressed as a civilian holding the hand of 
 his wife, whose head is missing. The two figures are 
 engraved on the same plate. The inscription is gone, 
 and also two shields, but two shields of arms remain. 
 Haines gives the date about 1540. 
 
 II. — A man in legal robes and wearing a ruff, with 
 a shield of arms at his head and inscriptiou under— 
 " Here lyeth buried ye bodie of WiJliani Saxaye 
 late of GraTs In gentlema. 
 Sonne of Henrie Saxaye Citizen and Marchant 
 
 venterer of London, 
 and Joyce his wife daughter of Robert Trappes 
 
 of ye same cittie 
 Goldsmythe, whiche said "William died the 
 
 xxii daye of Avgvst in the 
 Yeare of our Lord God 1581, beinge of the 
 aige of xxiij yeares." 
 
 Chauncy gives a list of the treasurers of St. Paul's 
 Church, London, and among the names appears that of 
 William Saxey (No. 27), who died in 1567. 
 
 III.— Two shields, one of them having the arms of 
 Rokesburgh. The figures of a man in armour and his 
 wife are gone. Chauncy gives an inscription — 
 
 " Hie jacent Willms Rokesburgh armiger qui 
 
 obiit 20 die mensis Anno Dom. 1434. et 
 
 Isabella Uxor ejus quffi obiit die Anno 
 
 Dom. 1400. quorum Animabus propitietur Deus." 
 
 It does not appear whether William Rokesburgh 
 lived at Stanstead, but most likely he held the manor 
 house near the church known as Stanstead Bury. 
 
 IV. — Haines gives No. IV., "Evangelical symbol of 
 St. John, efligy lost." 
 
 Several other brasses are supposed to be hidden by 
 the pews which were erected about the year 1710. 
 
 STEVENAGE. 
 
 I. — Priest, and inscription under — 
 " Hie jacet Magist? Stephanus Hellard Ebor' 
 diocesis in decretis Bacallarius quodil Rector 
 hujus ecclesie ac eciam Canonicus Cathedralis 
 
 ecclesie assavensis qui obiit die mes? 
 
 Anno diii millio quingentesimo 
 
 [ ]" 
 
 This brass is very fine, and is in a good state of pre- 
 servation. The figure of the priest is robed in 
 eucharistic vestments, wearing a cope. The inscription 
 has a blank space for the date of the decease, which 
 has not been filled in, denoting that the worthy rector 
 had the brass laid down during his lifetime. The 
 concluding sentence of prayer to the Deity has been 
 cut off. 
 
 Stephen Hellard was rector of Stevenage from 1472 
 to 1506, and was also canon of St. Asaph, and by 
 a deed in Novembtr, 1501, gave to trustees a tenement 
 which he had built, and which Chauncy says is called 
 " All Christian Soul House," for the habitation of 
 three poor folk without payment of any rent for so 
 long as the house shall endure, and moreover willed 
 that every one that dwelleth in it shall say daily in the 
 name of the Holy Trinity " ' Thou Blessed Trinity, 
 Father, Son and Holy Ghost, have mercy and pity 
 upon the soul of Master Stephen Hellard and upon all 
 Christian souls,' with three Pater Nosters, three Ave 
 Marias, and one Creed." He also gave some land, of 
 which the reqts were to be given to these tenants for 
 their use and benefit. Cussans states that " there are 
 three houses, now occupied by six aged widows, on the 
 site of the original tenement, who receive the income 
 of the land," but he does not relate that they carry out 
 the injunctions of their benefactor by praying daily for 
 his soul. This brass was removed from its original 
 position in April, 1884, and fixed in another part of the 
 church, which is much to be regretted, and in con- 
 sequence the first two words of the inscription are not 
 strictly correct.
 
 45 
 
 ) 
 
 TEWm. 
 
 On aisle floor. 
 I. — Figure of a man, arms, and inscription — 
 " Here lyeth buried the body of Thomas Pygott Gent : 
 whose ancestors have remayned dwellinge in 
 this towne this 300 yeares & vpwards he died the 
 11 of Janvary 1610 & iti the 70 yeare of his age & 
 lefte behinde him 2 davghters . Kebekah the wife 
 of Henry Bull of Hertforde Gent & Elizabeth the 
 wife of Beckingham Boteler of this towne 
 of Tewinge Gent." 
 The man is wearing long civil robes and has a ruflf 
 round his neck. The coat of arms has upon it three 
 picks, which seem to imply a rebus on the name of 
 Pi^ott or Picott. 
 
 Thomas Pigott gave by his will (1610) the rent of a 
 shop at Hitchiu for the benefit of the pom- of Tewin, 
 which being sold and invested yields about £4 per 
 year. The family of Pygott, according to the inscrip- 
 tion on the brass, seems to have been somewhat ancient 
 and old established in Tewin, and probably resided at 
 Queen Hoo Hall, which is an old mansion in the 
 parish. A William Bull was rector of St. Andrew's, 
 Hertford, in 1644, and perhaps was related to the 
 above named Henry Ball, who is mentioned as a free- 
 holder of the borough of Hertford in 1621, and was 
 also a justice of the peace. The Boteler family are 
 connected with the parishes of Stapleford and Watton, 
 and resided principally at Woodhall Park. 
 
 WALKERN. 
 On floor of aisle. 
 
 I. — Man and woman, one shield, and liand pointing 
 to a scroll. The man is dressed in the costume of a 
 civilian, and wears a rosary ; the woman has a dress 
 trimmed with fur, with a kerchief falling over her 
 shoulders. The scroll was inscribed — 
 
 " Lerne to dee % lif ev. " 
 and was in existence in 1849, but is now gone. There 
 were originally two shields, but one only now remains, 
 which has the arms of Humberstoue. The inscription is 
 gone, so that there is nothing to show who these two 
 figures represent, but most likely they are a Humber- 
 stoue and his wife, as the remaining shield bears their 
 arms. Haines gives the date as about 1480, but does 
 not mention the shield or hand with scroll. 
 
 The Humberstones lived at Walkern Park for several 
 generations, and many inscriptions to their memory are 
 found in the church in brass and stone, the latest 
 bearing the date of 1627, after which they seem to 
 have left the neighbourhood. An Edward Humber- 
 stone was an " assistant " in the borough of Hertford 
 in 1663. In Henry V.'s reign, about 1420, John 
 Huniberstone is described as a yeoman of Walkern, as 
 able to expend £10 per annum. At Baldock the name 
 was used as a Christian name in 1613 and afterwards. 
 Tiie name of Humberstone, or Humerston, is found in 
 the register books of the parish of Aston, which is near ' 
 Walkern. William Huinberston, of Digswell, was 
 patron of the living of Walkern in 1612, and sold it I 
 
 in 1616 to a grocer in London. In 1428 John 
 Humberston was appointed keeper of the park and 
 warren of Walkerne, with wages of twopence per day. 
 In 154-5 Thomas Humberstoue's name appears in the 
 parish of Yardley as possessing goods worth £17. 
 
 II. — Man and wife, shield, five sons and three 
 daughters, and inscription under — 
 " Here lyeth Buryed y*^ bodye of Edward Humbarstone 
 Sonne of 
 
 John Humbarstone Gent, who maryed Annas the 
 davghter of 
 
 Edward Welche % had Issve by her v sonnes and 
 iii davghters 
 
 and deceassed the xs daye of May in y® yere of 
 or lord God. 1583." 
 The man is dressed in robes trimmed with fur, and 
 the lady wears a ruff and has a handkerchief hanging 
 down on her shoulders. The above brasses are all 
 palimpsests, and seem to have been portions of a 
 Flemish brass which at an earlier period adorned some- 
 one else's tomb. The figure of the man has at the 
 back a plain, bold engraving of a man's face, with the 
 
 words " Gryle die ai? tl " in an ornamented border. 
 
 On the reverse of the woman, in parts of a scroll and 
 ornamented with a dragon and ttowers, are the words 
 
 "bav-lavlv," " Sepvltvere," " ly favlt ." The 
 
 inscription has on its other side a small figure of a child 
 and parts of figures of two other children, and a 
 portion of an inscription in a scroll, with ornaments of 
 
 leaves, &c., with the words " int. ia ." The backs 
 
 of the children have " a wolf's head," with a scallop 
 shell and some "fleur de lis," &c. The shield has on 
 its reverse leaves and flowers and part of a sci'oll, with 
 
 inscription in bold figures, " .CCCCLXXIIII.," 
 
 this giving the date to the original brass of 1474, 
 which was cut into eleven pieces and re-used at 
 Walkern in 1583 ! ! 
 
 The widow Annas, or Agnes, afterwards married 
 George Chauncy, of Gilston, and was his second 
 wife. This George Chauncy was the grandfather of 
 Sir Henry Chauncy, the historian of the county. 
 Edward Welch, the father of Annas Humberstone, 
 lived at Much, or Great, Wymondley. John Welch, 
 by will dated 1623, left some money to the poor of the 
 parishes of Great Jind Little Wymondley. 
 
 III. — Figures of a Woman and children, with in- 
 scription under — 
 
 " Here rests (in hope of a ioyfull resurrection) the 
 bodies of William Chapman cittizen and haberdasher 
 of liondon, and Anne his wife, by whom he had 
 issve 6 sonnes and 6 davghters, he depted this life 
 the 27 of Sepembr 1621 ictatsutc 71 & She exchanged 
 this life for immortallitie the 23tli of April! 1636 
 iEtatis Suio 76." 
 Chauncy says there is the figure of a man also, and 
 Haines gives the figure as being in existence, but it is 
 now missing. The lady is habited in a long cloak, and 
 wears a ruff. The six sons on one plate are all dressed 
 alike, in cloaks and knee breeclies, except one, who 
 wears a ruff in addition, and are of various heights ; 
 
 12
 
 and the six daugliters on the other plate are also all 
 dressed alike in plain dresses, with caps and collars, 
 and one of these has a ruff instead of a collar, which 
 perhaps denotes that she was the eldest, and they are 
 also of various heights. 
 
 A John Chapman was rector of Willian, near 
 "Walkein, in 1606, and died in 162-1. A Thomas 
 Chapman was a resident of Stevenage, and made a will 
 in 1667 leaving property to the poor of that place. A 
 token was issued by Thomas Chapman, of Walkern, 
 dated 1667. 
 
 IV.— Inscription only — 
 
 " Here lyeth bvried vnder this stone the body 
 of llychard Humberstone the sonne of John 
 Humberstone who Deceassed the viith day 
 of March in y^ yere of of Lord God 1581." 
 The brass upon which this inscription is engraved is a 
 palimpsest, and upon the reverse is also part of an 
 inscription, dated 1370, which is somewhat remarkable 
 and interesting, and is described in I^o. VII. 
 
 This Richard appears to have been a brother of Edward 
 in No. II., and lived at "Walkern Park, and left a son 
 named John, who is mentioned in No. VI. 
 
 Neither Haines nor Cbauncy seem to have noticed 
 this plate. 
 
 V. — Inscription — 
 " Here lieth the body of "William Bramfeilde gentle- 
 man svm- 
 
 tyni stvdient of Grayes Inn who had two wyves Ann 
 
 and Marce and had Issve by ye fyrste vi sonnes and 
 X da- 
 
 vghters. % by y° seconde v Davghters who deceased 
 ye viiitli day 
 
 of December An° 1596, beinge of the age of LX 
 and V yeares." 
 
 In Clothall Church, a few miles from Walkern, is a 
 brass to a woman, and inscription under, stating that 
 the first wife was buried at Clothall, and also that she 
 had sixteen children (six sons and ten daughters), which 
 is corroborative of the facts mentioned above, and 
 showing that probably William Bramfeilde removed 
 from Clothall to Walkern after his first wife's decease, 
 and was buritd there. The first wife was descended 
 from the family of Byll, of Ashwell, and was a 
 daughter of John Bill, or Byll, who by his will dated 
 5 March, 1557-8, named William Bramfeilde as one of 
 his executors, and his wife was a legatee. 
 
 VI. — Inscription (partly destroyed) — 
 " [Here lyeth the] body of John Humberstone ye sonne 
 [of Eychard HJumberstone late of Walkearne parke 
 [who had two] wyves he had issve by them bothe 
 [and departed] the vith days of October in the 
 [year of our ] lord God 1590." 
 This inscription seems to have been perfect at the time 
 Chauncy wrote his history, as he quotes it in full. 
 
 The Eicbard Humberstone mentioned here has an 
 inscription to his memory in this church (No. IV.) In 
 1553 an inventory of the furniture and ornaments of 
 .Walkern Church was made, and the articles were 
 delivered into the hands of the above John Homerston, 
 
 ( 46 ) 
 
 or Humberstone, for safe keeping. The Iluraberstone's 
 also seem to have been connected with the Bill's, of 
 Ashwell, as a John Bill, of that place, who died in 
 1503, among other legacies named in his will stated, " I 
 gyve to Elizabeth humbston oone of my dovghters vli." 
 
 VII. — Palimpsest. Fragment of an inscription at 
 the back of a brass to llychard Humberstone, 1581 
 (No. IV.) — 
 
 " [Ve]rmibus esca datur Lovekyn caro pulchra 
 
 [Johannis] 
 
 [Bi]s fuithic major itcrum bis Rege iube[nte Obiit] 
 
 [A]nno milleno ter. C. cum septuageno [Cuj &c.]" 
 
 The two ends of this inscription have been cut off, but 
 
 enough remains to show that it was originally fixed on 
 
 the tomb of John Lovekin in 1370, and afterwards 
 
 removed from it and re-fixed in Walkern Church 
 
 in 1581. 
 
 In Stow's "Survey of London" John Lofkin is 
 described as a stock-fishmonger, and was four times 
 mayor of London. " He built the Church of St. 
 Michael in Crooked Lane, and was buried there in 
 the Choir under a fair tomb, with the images of him 
 and his wife in alabaster." This tomb was probably 
 defaced about 1562, when others in this church were 
 desecrated. John Lovekin was Lord Mayor of London 
 in the years 1318, 1358, 1365, and 1366, during the 
 reign of Edward III. In 13-13 he was chosen one of 
 the sherift's of London and Middlesex, and in 1347 and 
 1365 he represented the City of London in Parliament. 
 In 1365 and 1366 he was appointed mayor by command 
 of the King, as stated in the inscription. A John 
 Lovekyn, as executor of Adam Lovekyn, gave twenty 
 marcs to the Abbey of St. Alban about 1349. The 
 church of St. Michael, Crooked-lane, was demolished 
 to make room for the approaches to London Bridge about 
 1830. It was built by Christopher Wren. John 
 Lovekyn was a descend«nt of Edward Lovekyn, a 
 townsman of Kingston, in Surrey, in 1309, and they 
 were both benefactors to that town. John Lovekyn 
 left several donations to it by his will, and one of his 
 executors married his widow and succeeded to his 
 business, having been his apprentice. William de 
 Walworth, who was afterwards a Lord Mayor of 
 London, and the slayer of Wat Tyler, was also buried 
 in St. Michael's Church. 
 
 Haines only mentions Nos. I., II., III., and Chauncy 
 Nos. III., v., !VI., but Cussans notices all of them, 
 and gives the above account of John Lovekin; with a 
 facsimilie of both sides of the brass. ' 
 
 WARE. 
 
 On floor near pulpit. 
 
 I. — A lady. This brass is much worn, and no in- 
 scription appears to denote who the figure represents. 
 The lady has her hair plaited or waved, and it hangs 
 down over her shoulders. She wears a long dress 
 trimmed at the bottom with fur and buttoned down the 
 front. Haines gives the date as about 1400.
 
 ( 
 
 47 
 
 ) 
 
 ir. — A lady and inscription — 
 " Orate pro fiia Elene quonda filie Johis Coke et 
 Margerie 
 Consortis sue. Et pro alubus Willi Bramble et 
 
 Eicardi War- 
 bulton nup viroru ejus et "Willi Bramble filij sui 
 
 que qui 
 dem Elena obijt vicesimo sexto die mensis Octobris 
 
 ana° 
 dni Millirao CCCCliiij. Quor' aTabus ppiciet 
 deus ame Jeli." 
 She wears a long dress -with sleeves trimmed with fur, 
 and has a head-dress falling on her shoulders. 
 
 This Elene Coke by her first husband, "William 
 Bramble, had, a son also named "William Bramble. 
 She mariied secondly Eichard "Warburton. The 
 name of Coke, sometimes spelt Cok, Cock, or 
 Cocks, appears in many parishes in the county at 
 various times. A John Cok was rector of Buckland 
 in 1391; John Cocks or Coke held the manor of 
 Anstey in 1544 ; Alexander Cocks was rector of 
 Aspenden in 1525 ; John Coke held the manor 
 of Thorley in 1653, and was married to the daughter 
 of Sir Thomas and Mary Leventhorp, of Sawbridge- 
 worth, and had a daughter Mary, who married John 
 Fanshawe, of "Ware Park ; the brasses of John Cok 
 and his wife, about 1490, are in "Wormley church; 
 Bernard Cok was rector of Caldecote in 1352; the 
 name of Thomas Kok appears at Ash well in 1546; 
 John Cok was rector of Cottered in 1335, and Henry 
 Cok in 1341 ; "^'"iliiam Cock was a freeholder in North- 
 church in 1561 ; &c. A Sir Peter "Watburton is 
 mentioned by Chauncy as a baronet of Cheshire, and 
 married a daughter of a Thomas Docwra, a burgess of 
 the borough of St. Albans, about 1603. A brass to 
 Anne, wife of Sir Edward Fiton and daughter of Sir 
 Peter "Warburton, of Areley, Cheshire, 1573, is in St. 
 Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. 
 
 On floor of centre aisle, 
 III. — Man and two wives, with ten children each, 
 and inscription — 
 
 " Orate p aia Willi Pyrry et Agnet ac alicie uxor' 
 
 ei' quiqdem Willnis obiit die 
 
 A"^ dm mcccclxx . qr aiabz ppicietur deus. 
 
 Amen." 
 This brass was probably laid down during the life of 
 the man after he had married his second wife, and the 
 date of his decease has not been inserted. He is re- 
 presented in plain civilian costume, and his wives are 
 dressed alike in robes trimmed with fur, wearing 
 gauntlets and tight sleeves, and having the peculiar 
 head-dress of that period. Each wife seems to have 
 presented her husband with an equal number of 
 children, no l<ss than five girls and five boys each 
 (happy man ! !), twenty in all. The ten boys are all 
 .dressed alike, and the ten girls also. 
 
 A John Pery was living at Ware in 1425, and a 
 William Peryes was vicar of Barkway in 1385. George 
 Pery was rector of Caldecote in 1505. 
 Haines mentions all these brasses, and says, " Some 
 
 brasses now lost are sketched in Add. MS. 9,062 in 
 British Museum." Cussans states that many brasses 
 were stolen from the cliurch some years ago. Chauncy 
 does not mention any brasses, but gives other inscrip- 
 tions—" Johannis Holper secundus Capellanus Helena} 
 Bramble," &c. ; " Thomas Bourchier Miles," &c. ; 
 "Eogerus Damory," &c. 
 
 W A T F E D. 
 
 On chancel ivall. 
 I.— Full-length figures of a man and woman, with 
 lower parts mutilated. The man is dressed in a judge's 
 robes, wearing a close skull cap, a long garment with 
 narrow sleeves, a hood, a tippet, and a mantle buttoned 
 on his right shoulder and gathered up over his left arm. 
 The woman is wearing a plain dress, and has a kerchief 
 on her head falling down over her shoulders, forming a 
 veiled head-dress or hood and stiffly-plaited barbe, 
 denoting that she was a widow, this being the usual 
 attire of widows in the 15th century. She has tight- 
 fitting sleeves, and wears cuffs with several buttons. 
 The inscription to these two persons is lost, but is given 
 by Chauncy, and is mentioned by "Weever in his 
 " Funeral Monuments " — 
 
 " Hie jacet Hugo de Holes miles, Justiciarius Banci 
 
 Eegis tempore regni .... obijt Ann 1415." 
 
 " Hie jacet Margaretta quae fuit Uxor Hugonis du 
 
 . . obiit 1416 5 die Martii." 
 
 These brasses formerly laid in the centre of the floor 
 
 of the chancel, but were removed in 1871 and fixed on 
 
 the chancel wall, and a brass plate is placed over them 
 
 with an inscription stating the facts. Haines, in his 
 
 " Manual of Brasses," gives an engraving of Sir 
 
 Hugh de Holes. Chauncy simply mentions the two 
 
 inscriptions. 
 
 Sir Hugh de Holes was Justice of the King's Bench, 
 and died in 1415, and his wife Margaret died in 1416, 
 but Haines says "that the brass of the latter seems to 
 have been engraved in 1390," and "that in the British 
 Museum are sketches of Nos. I. and II., with the 
 inscriptions." 
 
 On floor of chapel, 
 II. — Three men, and inscription over each — 
 " Henry Dickson ( George Miller '\ Anthony 
 Deceased the k Deceased the vthV Cooper." 
 
 xxvth of Jvne 1610 ( of Aprill 1613. ) 
 
 Also inscription under — 
 " Here lyeth bvryed the bodies of Henry Dickson 
 George Miller and Anthony Cooper who were late 
 servants to Sr Charles Morrison Knight deceased & 
 after contynewed in service wthDorothieLa: Morrison 
 his wile and Sr Charles Morrison Knight and Barronett 
 their sonne, by the space of 40 years in memory 
 of them the sayd Dorothie La : Morrison hath 
 vovchsafed this stone and inscription." 
 The three figures are engraved on one brass, which is 
 not usual, and they arc dressed alike, except as to their 
 collars ; they have knee breeches, low shoes, cloaks, 
 buttoned waistcoats, large collers, and coats buttoned 
 at the wrist and tight sleeves ; the collars of the first
 
 ( 
 
 48 
 
 ) 
 
 two are plain, and the third figure wears a ruff; they 
 all have beards and moustaches, and the middle figure 
 has a larger beard than the others and looks an older 
 man, although there is a strong family likeness between 
 them. It would seem that Anthony Cooper super- 
 intended the fixing of this brass to the memory of 
 his deceased fellow servants, and had his name inserted 
 only, trusting that someone would do as much for him 
 after his death as he had done for others, hut the date 
 of his decease not having been filled in inclines us to 
 conjecture that the survivors did not bear him long in 
 mind. 
 
 Richard ]\rorrison, Esq., partly built Cassiobury, near 
 Watford, in the reign of Henry VIII., and his son, 
 Sir Charles Morrison, finished it, whose descendants 
 handed down to posterity the names of their faithful 
 servants by means of this brass and inscriptions. Sir 
 Charles Morrison, Bart., was patron of the living of 
 Watford in 1682, and the right of presentation belongs 
 now to his descendant, the Earl of Essex. In 1545 
 Sir Charles Morrison held the manor of Cashio, and in 
 1579 his grandson, Sir Charles, was high slieriflfof Herts, 
 and the son of the latter succeeded to the manor in 1618. 
 In 1G21 this Sir Charles represented the county in 
 Parliament and also in 1624, and in 1625 and 1626 he 
 was returned for the borough of St. Albans, and in 
 1628 for the borough of Hertford. lie died in 1628 
 and left an only child, Elizabeth, wife of Lord Capell 
 of Hadham, Earl of Essex. The Morrison family were 
 benefactors at various times to the town and poor 
 of Watford, in giving towards almshouses, education 
 of poor children, paying fees for apprentices, and 
 assisting the poor, providing preachers, and generally 
 and generously devoting some portion of their substance 
 for the benefit of their neighbours. 
 
 On pier of chancel. 
 
 III. — Inscriptions only — 
 
 " Here lyeth in hope of a joyfvll resvr- 
 rection the body of Henry Baldwyn of 
 Reedheath in the pTsh of Watford (sone of 
 Henry Baldwyn) a yovng man of espetial 
 meeknesse and playiinesse of hart, who gave 
 his sovle to God in the flovre of his 
 yovth viz. A° 1601 Jan vary the last, he ma- 
 rled Alice, Davgliter of Henry Marty n of 
 Ivor & had by her thre children, Henry, 
 John and Alice, John an infant died. The 
 other live to God's good will & pleasvre." 
 " Behold a patterne playne of natvre's frayle estate 
 When nether yovthe nor strengthe, nor wealthe. 
 One iot, or moment of a tyme can ovght p'long his 
 
 date." 
 Redheath is about four miles from Watford, and is 
 a residence with about 500 acres of land, formerly 
 belonging to the Baldwyn family. A John Baldwyn 
 lived and died there in 1570, and the last of them was 
 Thomas, who died in 1710. Cussans gives an elaborate 
 pedigree of the family, dating from 1539, showing the 
 descent of the Finch family of the present day from 
 them. The name is also found in connection with the 
 
 parishes of Rickmansworth and Sarratt. A Thomas 
 Baldwyn bequeathed property to the parishes of 
 Watford and Great Berkhamsted, and Chauncy states 
 the value to be £40 per annum to each. 
 On floor of porch. 
 
 IV. — Inscription only — 
 
 "In memory 
 of Mr. James Moss, 
 Who died the 27th of December 
 1758, Aged 62. 
 He was Messenger to King George 
 the second and many years Servant 
 to the Rt. Honble Wi'llm Earl of Essex." 
 Cussans notices all five brasses, but Haines only 
 mentions Nos. I., II., and III. ; also " A civilian 
 and wife about 1530, at Cassiobury House, perhaps 
 from this church." Chauncy gives Nos. I., II., 
 III., and IV., and notes a number of inscrip- 
 tions, some of which may have been on brasses. 
 Haines says that in the British Museum are sketches 
 of several brasses belonging to this church which are 
 now lost. 
 
 WATTON. 
 
 On floor of chapel. 
 
 I.— Full length figure of a man in armour, with 
 single canopy, inscription, and six shields. In 1847 
 all that was extant was the figure of the man down- 
 wards to his knees, and a portion of the canopy above 
 his head, but when the church was restored in 1851 
 the missing parts of the brass and inscription were 
 renewed, and the whole is now complete. The in- 
 scription is given by Chauncy and Clutterbuck — 
 
 " Icy gist Philip Peletoot . Chevaler . Qe morvst le 
 XIIII jour de Aust I'an de Grace Mill CCCLXI." 
 An engraving of this tine brass is given by Clutterbuck 
 and Boutell, and the latter describes the figure as being 
 that of Sir John de Paletoot, and " wearing chausses 
 of studded mail, his jupon is plain, and the mail of his 
 haubergeon and cam ail is banded." Cussans says, 
 " The knight is represented in armour, under a taber- 
 nacle enriched with crockets and pinnacles ; on his 
 head is a plain elliptically pointed bascinet from which 
 depends a camail of chain protecting the neck. The 
 knuckles of the gauntlets are armed with round knobs, 
 chain mail is to be seen beneath the plate under the 
 arms, beneath the hauberk, and at the insteps." The 
 sword is suspended from the thigh by an ornamental 
 strap or girdlfe, with buckle and pendant. The shields 
 have the arms of Peletoot ; three of them are above 
 the canopy and three are below, and a lion is shown at 
 the feet of the figiire. 
 
 Sir Philip de Peletot was lord of the manor of 
 Watton Woodhall in 1308, and probably lived there. 
 Cussans states " he was the son of Hugh Peletot, who • 
 owned the manor also." Philip de Peletot had two 
 sons, William and Thomas, who died without issue, ■ 
 and a daughter, Katherine, who became sole heiress. 
 She married Ralph, third son of Ralph de Boteler, by
 
 ( 
 
 49 
 
 ) 
 
 whom she had issue Philip, who succeeded to the 
 manor and died in 1393, leaving Sir Philip Boteler his 
 son and heir. She afterwards became the wife of 
 Edmund Bardolph. The Botelers and the Bardolphs 
 were both celebrated families in the neighbourhood of 
 "Watton, and their names are found on various brasses 
 and monuments in the church. Sir Philip was patron 
 of the living of "Watton from 1329 to 1354, and member 
 of Parliament for the county of Hertford in 1312, 1337, 
 and 1349. A John Pellitott was vicar of Great 
 Amwell 1479-1481. 
 
 On floor of chancel. 
 II. — Full length figure of a priest and canopy. This 
 priest is represented as wearing processional vestments 
 and having a plain cope ; at his feet is seen a lion, 
 which is an unusual feature on the brasses of priests ; 
 the canopy is of the same pattern as Xo. I., and is much 
 mutilated, and only the middle remains above the head 
 of the figure, which is in a good state of preservation. 
 The inscription is gone, but Haines gives the date of 
 the brass as about 1370, and says perhaps it represents 
 John Brigenhall, rector 1375, but Cussans states the 
 date to be from 1480 to 1490. 
 
 III. — Small figure of a man dressed as a civilian in 
 a robe with sleeves trimmed with fur. Haines gives 
 the date as about 1450. The figure of the wife is lost, 
 and also the inscription. 
 
 On floor of south aisle. 
 
 IV.— Lady and shield. The lady is dressed in a 
 
 plain robe trimmed with fur, and has a kercliief on her 
 
 head falling over her shoulders. The shield denotes 
 
 her arms impaling those of Bardolph. Haines says 
 
 that those are all the remains of "Sir Edmund Bardolf, 
 
 1455, and his wife Joan, 1438, with four sons and 
 
 three daughters and kinsman Edmd Bardolf, Esq." 
 
 Clutterbuck, in his history of the county, says that " in 
 
 the south aisle, on a flat stone on the floor, are the 
 
 effigies of a woman and her two husbands in brass, and 
 
 two shields over one of the men with this inscription — 
 
 ' Hie jacent Edmundus BardolfE miles, et Edmundus 
 
 Bardolfi' armig. consanguineus ejusd'm Edmundi qui 
 
 obiit p'm die Aprilis a° diji M°CCCClv° et Joha'na ux 
 
 E'mundi Bardolff armis'i q^ obiit xxiii die Maij a° 
 
 diii M'^CCCCXXXVIir cuj a'ie p'p'cietur deus. 
 
 Amen.' 
 
 At the bottom of the stone, under the woman, are the 
 
 arms of Bardolph impaling . . . ." The fact of 
 
 these two Edmund BardolS"s being husbands of the 
 
 lady seems to be incorrect; one only evidently had her 
 
 for a wife, and he was the second named, the first 
 
 named Edmund probably being his father. It is much 
 
 to be regretted tliat the male figures are missing, as 
 
 only one otber instance of two men being pourtrayed 
 
 in brass on one stone is to be seen in this county, viz. 
 
 at Standon, a man and his son. 
 
 The Bardolphs were a noted family for many years 
 in the neighbourhood of Watton, and their name is 
 perpetuated in a large farm and house near the village 
 called Bardolph's Farm. Sir Edmund Bardolph was 
 patron of the living, in succession to Sir Philip Peletot, 
 
 from 1366 to 1385, and a Sir Thomas Bardolf was 
 patron in 1400. Edmund Bardolph was M.P. for 
 Herts in 1431. The advowson of a chapel, which 
 Cussans says formerly existed at "Whempstead, in the 
 parish of Watton, came in 1286 to Isabella, daughter 
 of Hugh Bardolf, and her son William died in 1386. 
 Cussans gives a pedigree of this family, who owned the 
 manor of Watton beginning from Thomas Bardolph, 
 in the time of King Henry II., down to William, Lord 
 Bardolph, who died in 1508. He was charged with 
 high treason, and his estates were forfeited to the 
 Crown, but afterwards restored to him. He died with- 
 out issue and the name became extinct. The Bardolphs 
 were also patrons of the living of Stapleford from 1296 
 to 1402. 
 
 On floor' of north aisle. 
 V. — A civilian dressed in a plain robe trimmed with 
 fur ; his head is gone, and also his wife and inscription. 
 Over his figure is a label inscribed " Jhesu," and over 
 the indent of his wife one inscribed, but illegible. 
 Haines gives the date as about 1470. . 
 
 On floor of chapel. 
 VI, — Man in armour, achievement of arms, and four 
 shields. There formerly were brasses also of three 
 wives, and an inscription as given by Clutterbuck in his 
 history of the county, and also by Chauncy — 
 " Hie jacent Joh'nes Butler, armiger, Katharina filia 
 Thomse Acton, generosi, Dorothea una filiarum 
 Will'm Tyrrell de Gypping armigeri, Margareta 
 una eciam filiarum Henrici Belknap armig'i 
 uxores Joh'nis Butler antedict' ; qui quidem Joh'nes 
 obiit undecimo die mens Maij, anno dui mill'mo 
 quingentesirao xiiii° . Er. d'ca Margareta xviii" die 
 Augusti anno dfii millmo CCCCCXIir." 
 The figure of Sir John Butler is clothed in a suit of 
 armour, with the exception of a helmet. The brass 
 is in a good state of preservation, and has been relaid 
 in a new stone. The shields are charged with his arms, 
 quartered with those of each wife ; the achievement 
 also bears his arms, with those of Kilpeck, of which he 
 held the barony. The first and second wives do not 
 seem to have had the dates of their deaths recorded on 
 the brass, but that of the third wife is given as 1513. 
 All of them predeceased the worthy knight, who only 
 lived a few months after the death of the last one. 
 
 Chauncy gives an elaborate pedigree of the Botelers, 
 commencing with a Botiler two generations before 
 King Henry I., and continuing to a Philip and 
 Elizabeth Boteler about 1680, since which time the 
 name has often changed to that of Butler. The Botelers 
 principally resided at Watton Woodhall, and held the 
 manors of Watton and Bardolphs, and were an influential 
 family in their generation. In 14J2 dame Alice 
 Boteler was governess to Henry VI., the infant child 
 of Henry V. and his consort, Queen Katherine of 
 Valois, and directions were given to her to chastise him 
 if occ:tsion required. The Boteler family were con- 
 nected with the neighbouring villages, and a William 
 Boteler was rector of Watton from 1474 to 1483, a 
 Thomas Butler in 1563, and a Charles Boteler from 
 
 13
 
 ( 
 
 50 
 
 ) 
 
 1762 to 1781. The family were patrons of the living 
 of Watton from UU to 1762. Philip Boteler was 
 member of Parliament for Herts in 1450 ; John Boteler 
 in 1553; Philip Boteler, jun., in 1588 ; James Boteler 
 and John Boteler in 1625 ; Peter de Botiller served on 
 a jury of inquisition at St Albans in 1301 ; Richard 
 de Botiller held land in Cheshunt parish in 1280; 
 "William Botiler was vicar of Layston in 1337; John 
 Butler was sheriff of the City of London in 1420; 
 John Boteler was rector of Essendon in 1449 ; John 
 Boteler was vicar of Sandon in 1461 ; Sir Ralph 
 Boteler held the manor of Moor, at Rickmansworth, in 
 1456; Philip Boteler was sheriff of Herts in 1450; 
 John Boteler in 1490; Sir Philip Boteler in 1533 and 
 1578 ; Sir John Boteler in 1556 ; Henry Boteler in 
 1603; Sir Robert Boteler in 1611; and Sir John 
 Boteler in 1630 and 1680 ; Sir Philip Boteler was lord 
 of the manor of Aston in 1540, and in the registers of 
 that parish the names of Boteler and Butler appear in 
 births and burials, and also marriages, from 1576 to 
 1756. The family lived at the manor house known 
 as Aston Bury, where their coat of arms can be seen 
 on the building, and a John Palmer Boteler sold 
 the manor in 1778 ; he also disposed of the manor 
 of Pachendon, near "Watton, at the same time. A 
 tablet in Watton church is to the memory of 
 John Boteler, late of Woodhall, who died 17th 
 July, 1774, aged 90 years. A John Butler 
 was vicar of Sarratt in 1579 and 1606 ; Sir 
 John Botiler and Griselle his wife held the manor of 
 Lamer, in this county, in 1549 ; Sir Henry Boteler 
 held the manor of Bramfield in 1600. At Buckland is 
 an inscription on brass to Alice, wife of John Boteler, 
 dated 1451 ; also of John Boteler and his wife at 
 Mepshall, Beds, 1441 ; at North Mirams are the names 
 of Richard Boteler and his wife, 1560 ; and in 1563 
 Sir John Boteler bought the manor of Hatfield Wood- 
 hall, and lived there, and many of the family have 
 inscriptions in Hatfield church; a brass to Philip 
 Boteler, 1613, is in Eton (Allege chapel; one also to 
 Sir Oliver Boteler and wife, 1618, at Sharnbrook, 
 Beds ; and at Ardley is a brass to Mary, wife of Thos. 
 Shotbolt, second daughter of Sir John Boteler, 1599 ; 
 Sir Robert Boteler held the manor of Sacomb in 1622, 
 when he died, and his niece Jane succeeded to it ; Sir 
 Philip Boteler, who died in 1674, left by his will a 
 field to the poor of Stapleford, near Watton. John 
 Tyrrell was sheriff in 1422, and member of Parliament 
 for Herts in 1427 ; Thomas Tyrrell was sheriff in 
 1440 and 1444, and another Thomas Tyrrell in 1480 
 and 1518 ; Edward Tyrrell in 1436, and his son in 
 1513, and 1528; and Humphrey Tyrrell in 1503 and 
 1509. 
 
 YIL — Two shields and inscription — 
 " Hie jacet Ricvs Boteler de Stapleford 
 in hoc Com : Hertf : Armiger qui obiit 5° die 
 
 Maij A° Drill ] 6] 4. 
 Et Anna uxor eivs vna filiarv Johnis Myn 
 de Hartingfordbury Ar : que obiit 1 2° die 
 Octobris An° Dmi j6j9. 
 
 Et Elizabeth vnica filia eorv de Rici et 
 
 Annie Rowlando Graveley de Graveley Ar. 
 
 Nvpta qve obijt ante parentes die Febr 1600 
 Sine prole." 
 One shield above the inscription is missing; the two 
 remaining are quartered with the arms of Boteler (of 
 which family a description is given in No. VI.) and 
 Graveley. The one that is gone bore the arms of 
 Mynne. The day of the mouth is omitted of the death 
 of the second wife. 
 
 In Hertingfordbury Church are sevei'al monuments 
 and inscriptions of the family of Myn, or Mynne, and 
 Chauncy says that on one inscription Elizabeth, 
 widow of George Mynne, had for her second husband 
 Nicholas Boteler, Esq., and died in August, 1614. A 
 George Graveley is mentioned by Cussans as belonging 
 to Ofiiey in 1591, and his son-in-law was patron of the 
 living of that parish 1603 to 1614. Ralph de Gravelee 
 held land in Ippollits, near Graveley, in 1241, and 
 John Graveley lived at Stevenage in 1502. 
 
 A stone in Watton church is inscribed round the 
 borders — 
 
 " Sire : Roberd : de : Gravele : Gist : Icsvy : Dev : 
 
 Pur : Sit : Morfc : De : Sa : Alme : Face : Mercy." 
 
 VIII.— Lady, two shields, and part of inscription. 
 The lower half of the figure is gone, and an indent only 
 is seen of the brass of the man. The lady wears a dress 
 with ornamented sleeves, and has small ruffles round 
 her neck and at her wrists, and has an ornamental cap 
 with a veil hanging down from it. All that remains 
 of the inscription is — 
 
 "knyght late Lorde of Wodhalle whych deceassed th " 
 Two shields are gone, and the two remaining show the 
 arms of Kilpec and Boteler. The date seems to be 
 about 1550, and the brasses were originally belonging 
 to some of the family of Boteler in connection with 
 Nos. VI. and VII., so many of whom are buried and 
 have inscriptions and monuments in this church. 
 
 Haines mentions Nos. I., II., III., IV., V., and 
 VI. only; Chauncy notices Nos. I., II., VI., and VII.; 
 and Cussans describes all except No. V. Chauncy gives 
 also this inscription — 
 
 " Icy gisent Wat. Molinton et Jana de Gutcestri que 
 diur in almes Anno Christi M D.II." 
 This is not now to be seen, and Haines says that the 
 very small brass of the figures is also lost. Clutterbuck 
 has tlie following notice, but the brasses cannot now be 
 found : — " Under the effigies of a knight and his lady, 
 with their seven daughters, the sons gone — 
 
 ' . . . . XXVIII daye of Maixhe in an° 
 MCCCCCXLV and Dame Elizabeth his wife 
 
 deceased daye of in an° ' 
 
 And shields with arms of Kilpec, Boteler, and Drury." 
 The inscription probably refers to a Philip Boteler who 
 was sherifi of Herts, and married Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Robert Drury, of Halestead, in Norfolk. 
 
 In Weever's " Funeral Monuments " mention is 
 made of the effigy of a knight kneeling with inscrip- 
 tion —
 
 ( 51 ) 
 
 " Hie jacet corpus Domini Pliilippi Boteler militis, 
 quondam Domini de Woodhall et hujus ecclesias 
 patroni qui obiit in festo S'ci Leonardi anno Dom 
 1421, et regis Henrici post conquestum ultimo, 
 cujus anime propicietur Deus Amen." 
 
 Nothing can now be seen of this effigy or inscription. 
 
 The canopy mentioned in No. II. has disappeared 
 
 since 1846. 
 
 WHEATHAMPSTEAD. 
 On floor of transept. 
 
 I. — Man and wife, one shield and inscription — 
 " Hie pater hie mater . soror hie jacet . hie quoq f rater ^ 
 
 Pastorispecorum Prothomartiris angligeuiiruin ? 
 
 Bostok hugo patri. Maery margareta q matri ? 
 
 Nomen erat. simile genitus trahit a genitore ? 
 
 Hinc qui pertransis. rogo feraiua vir puer an sis ? 
 
 Vt pariter recubant. in pace precare quiescant." ? 
 The two figures are dressed alike in loose robes, trimmed 
 with fur at the neck and wrists and feet ; the man is 
 close shaven and has his hair cut short ; the lady wears 
 a horned head-dress, with kerchief hanging over her 
 shoulders, and has a very short waist. Haines gives 
 the date as about 1450. There were formerly four 
 shields, one at each corner of the stone, and in 1846 
 there were only two, one at the head of each figure. 
 The one above the lady is the only one now to be seen 
 and bears the arms of Heyworth of Maekrey End. 
 
 Boutell gives an engraving of the two figures, and 
 says that they represent Hugo and Margaret Bostok, 
 the parents of John de Whetbamstede, 33rd Abbot of 
 Saint Albans, who was a distinguished ecclesiastic and 
 presided over the Abbey of that city during the reign 
 of his friend and patron, Henry VI., from 1421 to 
 1460, and in the Bodleian Library at Oxford is an MS. 
 inscribed : — 
 
 " Fratribus Oxonie datur in munus iste Johneru 
 Whethmstede. 
 Per Patrem pecorum prothomartiris Angligen- 
 arum," 
 Maekrey End is a hamlet near Wheathampstead, and 
 Cussans states that John Bostock, who is called John of 
 Whethamstede, was born tbere, and the Heyworth 
 family were also settled there, 
 
 II. — Man and wife, four shields, inscription, and 
 children — 
 
 " Orate p aibz Johis heyworth gentilman et Elizabeth 
 uxis ems qui quidem Johes obiit vicessimo die 
 
 decebris 
 A° dni m' quingentesimo xx° et anno regni Regis 
 henrici Octavi xi°." 
 The man is dressed in long robes, elaborately trimmed 
 with fur and having large sleeves ; bis hair is long and 
 straight. The lady his a plain dress with an ornamented 
 girdle reaching to the feet, and wears a pcdimental head- 
 dress. The children consist of four sons and five 
 
 daughters, all plainly dressed. The shields bear the 
 arms of Heyworth. 
 
 Cussans states that John Heyworth was of the same 
 family as AVilliam Heyworth, the 32nd Abbot of Saint 
 Albans, and the predecessor of John of Wheathamstead. 
 William Heyworth was Abbot from 1401 to 1420, 
 when he was consecrated Bishop of Coventry and 
 Lichfield, and died in 1447. A John Heyworth was a 
 monk of Saint Albans at about the same time. Cussans 
 gives an engraving of a slab of marble engraved with 
 the figures of a man and wife and children, all kneeling, 
 and an inscription under to the memory of " John 
 Heyworth of Maekeyre End Esquier," &c. He died 
 in 1558. 
 
 III. — Man, wife and six children. These figures are 
 all very small, and are similarly attired to those of No. 
 II. No inscription remains to show who they represent, 
 and Cussans gives the date as about 1510. 
 
 On floor of chapel. 
 IV. — Knight in armour and lady, about 1500. These 
 brasses must have been very fine when perfect. Ail 
 that now is be seen of the knight is the lower part of 
 one of his legs, and also his two feet resting on a dog. 
 The lady is more CDmplete, but she is deficient of the 
 upper part of her head and face. She is richly dressed 
 in a robe trimmed with fur, and looped up into a knot 
 under one arm ; she wears a necklace with pendant, and 
 on her fingers are several rings ; her hands are shown 
 as being on her breast, and not as usual flat to each 
 other. Her head-dress was extensive, and similar to 
 one of Dame Elizabeth Say in Broxbourne Church. 
 
 Cussans names all four brasses. Boutell mentions 
 Nos. I. and II., and Haines also, while Chauncy does 
 not notice any of them, but gives the fuUowmg 
 inscription, which was partly existing in 1840. 
 
 " ... Domini Willielmi Grettewelle quondam 
 Rectoris istius Ecelesiaj de Whethamstede, ae 
 Canonici in Ecclesia Cathedralis Lincoln. Qui 
 obiit Idus Febr. Anno Dom. Milessimo CCUC 
 primo." 
 William de Gretwell was instituted Eector of 
 Wheathampstead in 1391. 
 
 WILLIAN. I 
 
 On wall of chancel. 
 I. — Priest and inscription — 
 
 Hie jacet diis Ricus Goldon qudiii re . . . 
 Mens? Octobr. A dni M°CCCC°XLVI . _ . ." 
 The figure is shown dressed in the robes of a priest, and 
 holding between the hands a heart inscribed with the 
 letters " I.H.S." The inscription is imperfect, the end 
 having been broken ofi' to remove the objectionable 
 phrase of invocation to the Deity. 
 
 Richard Goldon was rector of the parish from 1416 
 to his death in 1446. 
 
 Chauncy and Cussans notice this brass, but it is 
 omitted in Haines' book ; Cussans has an engraving of it.
 
 52 
 
 ) 
 
 WOEMLEY. 
 
 On floor of church. 
 
 I. — Man and wife, five children, and inscription — 
 " Her lyth Emund Howton % Annas his wyf ye 
 
 whiche Emu Juyn in ye yere 
 
 ofourelordGoda jrCCCCLXXIXon . . ." 
 The man wears a plain dress trimmed with fur, and his 
 hair is cut short, and he has a short rosary at his side. 
 The lady is also habited plainly and has fur trimmings ; 
 she has a kerchief on her head falling down over her 
 shoulders, and is shown with a very short waist. There 
 were originally three daughters as well as the five sons, 
 which now only remain, and are all dressed alike ; four 
 of them are of an equal height, and one a head taller. 
 The inscription has been mutilated, the prayer for the 
 soul having been cut off. 
 
 Chauucy does not mention this brass, and nothing 
 appears to show where Edmund Howton and his wife 
 resided, or what family they were connected with. 
 Cussans states that in the seventh year of Edward YI. 
 the Commissioners added to their inventory of goods, 
 etc., in Wormley Church, " Rycharde Howghtone, 
 layte of Wormley, in the said couiitye. Deceased em- 
 bessilled away ffrome the Churche of ^Yorraley, a Challis, 
 the true weight thereof we knowe not ; one Hustwikc, 
 of London, pewterer, is his Executor." This 
 individual with thievish propensities was probably a son 
 or grandson of No. I. 
 
 On floor of chancel. 
 
 II — Man and wife, ten children, and inscription — 
 " Here lyeth John Cok, yeoman, and A . . . . 
 passed to God owte of thys transsitoi'ie . . ." 
 Above the figures is a small plate with a representation 
 of the Trinity, and at the feet is a short strip of brass 
 showing some trees, and dogs pursuing a hare ; and a 
 cock intended as a rebus on the yeoman's name. The i 
 lower part of the figure of the man is gone, but he 
 seems to have been plainly diessed, and had long straight 
 hair. The lady wears a plain dress trimmed with fur 
 at the feet, shoulders, and wrists, and she has a large 
 head-dress of the fifteenth century style. The ten 
 children are all dressed alike, and are shown all of the 
 same size. Chauncy omits to mention this brass, but 
 Haines gives the date as about 1490. 
 
 The Cok or Cock family held a manor in this parish, 
 and we find the name spelt in various ways in many 
 parts of the county. In 1.553 John Cock 'represented 
 the county in Parliament; in 1584 Henry Cock repre- 
 sented the county in Parliament ; and in the reign of 
 James I. Sir Henry Cock entertained his Majesty at 
 the Manor House, at Broxbourne. 
 
 III. — Man and wife, children, coat of arms, and 
 inscription — 
 
 " Christ is to me as life on earth And death to us is 
 gaie 
 Because I truste thorowe him alone, salvation to 
 obteyne 
 
 So bryttle is the state of man so scone it dothe 
 decay 
 
 So all the glory of the worlde must passe and fade 
 aw aye. 
 
 In vita vana vita." 
 The man is dressed in long robes trimmed with fur, and 
 wears a large ruff round his neck. The lady has a 
 brocaded dress, with elaborate rufl3e and cap, of the 
 period of Queen Elizabeth. The children are numerous, 
 and comprise eight sons and four daughters ; six of the 
 sons are dressed alike in long cloaks and wearing a 
 sword each, and the other two are shown much smaller 
 than their brothers, and have plain dresses reaching to 
 their feet, the six eldest having knee breeches on. The 
 daughters wear dresses similar to their mother, with 
 the exception of the embroidery. The coat of arms 
 shows the arms of Tooke and "WoodlifFe. The inscrip- 
 tion is stated by Haines to be often found in churches, 
 and was a favourite one in use after the Eeformation, 
 
 Chauncy says that these brasses were upon an altar 
 tomb, over which was a monument, with an inscription, 
 which is still iu existence, to the memory of " Angelet 
 Took, wife of Walter Took, of Popes, in the Parish of 
 Bishops Hatfield, Esq. She died 31st of May, 1598, 
 and was second daughter of William Woodliflfe, Esqr., 
 Citizen and Mercer of London." The figure of the 
 man would therefore represent Walter Tooke, and the 
 name of his son, Ralph, who succeeded to the manor of 
 Wormley on the death of his father, is mentioned by 
 Chauncy as being on a brass at Essendon church, where 
 several of the family were buried, it being the nearest 
 church to Pope's, although in another parish. A 
 Thomas and Richard Tooke each made a will in 1670 
 and 1685, leaving money and property for the use of 
 the poor of Wormley, which is still in existence. These 
 brasses, with others, are fixed on the floor of the 
 Chancel within the rails, and are in a good state of pre- 
 servation. 
 
 On floor of church. 
 
 lY. — Inscription only — 
 
 " Hie jacet Johes Cieve qu°da Eector hui ? Ecclie 
 de Wormele qui obiit xxij die Octobf. A° dni 
 M°CCCC°iiij°. cui ? aie ppietur ds." 
 The last four words have been scored through, but can 
 be easily read, not having^been thoroughly obliterated. 
 
 v.— Haines gives an engraving of a half-length 
 figure of a priest, which was formerly in this church, 
 but which was lost during repairs in 1845, and Chauncy 
 gives the inscription — 
 
 " Hie jacet Ricardus Euston quondam Eector 
 istius Ecclesie qui obiit xxvii die Maij, anno 
 domini MCCCCLYII, cujus anime pro- 
 picietur Dens. Amen." 
 
 Eichard Euston succeeded John Cleve as Eector of 
 the parish. 
 
 YI. — Chauncy says "A Stone in the chancel thus 
 ingraved —
 
 ( 
 
 53 
 
 ) 
 
 ' Of your Charity pray for the soul of Mr. Edward 
 Sharnbroke sometime Parson of this church 
 and Prebendary of the Mother Church of St. Paul 
 ■which deceased the 23rd day of December Anao 
 Dom. 1530.' " 
 He was successor to Richard Euston, but this in- 
 scription is not now to be found, and was lost at the 
 time of the restoration. 
 
 VII. — Clutterbuck gives an inscription which is also 
 missing — 
 
 " Henri Gorgon gistjci Deii de sa alme 
 eit merci." 
 Cussans and Haines mention all these brasses, and 
 Chauncy notices Nos. III., IV., V., VI. 
 
 WYDDIAL. 
 I. — Lower part of a male figure dressed in a robe 
 trimmed with fur. This portion of brass is supposed 
 to represent George Canon, as by his will he directed 
 that his body should be buried in St. George's chapel 
 in this church, where the brass is to be seen. Chauncy 
 gives this inscription, which is gone — 
 
 " Hie jacet Georgius Canon nup unus Dominorum 
 istius Villfe qui istara Insulam propriis sumtibus 
 construxit Anno 1532 et obiit Quarto die Septembris 
 Anno 26 illustrissimi Regis Hcnrici Octavi . Cujus 
 Animae propitietur Deus . Amen." 
 George Canon was lord of the manor of Wyddial 
 from 1523 to his death in 1534, and left it to his 
 daughter, who married John Gyll (No. III.) He 
 built the side aisle of the church iu 1532. 
 Oh chancel tvall. 
 II. — Lady, inscription, and four shields. The figure 
 is half-length, of full size, wearing a cap and ruS, and 
 has an open book in front with these texts inscribed 
 thereon — 
 
 " I have chosen y*^ way of truth 't thy judgments 
 
 have I layde before me." 
 " Thy statutes have bene songes in the house of my 
 pilgrimage." 
 The inscription under — 
 
 " Here lyeth Dame Margaret the only daughter and 
 heire of Sr Thomas Nevyll knight Brother to the 
 Lord Aburgaveny and of the pryvey counsell to 
 kinge Henry the eight, who had to her mother 
 Dame Katharyne Fytzhewe daughter of the Lorde 
 Dacres of the North to her fyrst husband Sr 
 Robert Sowthwell knight Mr of the Rolls and to 
 her last William Plumbe Esquyre at whose Charge 
 this Monument was made, And after she had 
 fyneshed the aige of fyftie and fyve years she made 
 a most godly ende the xxvth daye of Decembre in 
 the yere of our Lorde God 1575." 
 The four shields bear the arms of Nevill and others 
 with whom she was connected according to the inscrip- 
 tion, and given in detail by Cussans. 
 
 On chancel Jloor. 
 III. — Man, woman, children, shield, and inscription. 
 The man is dressed in ornamental robes trimmed with fur, 
 
 and has long hair. His wife is habited in a plain dress 
 trimmed with fur, and has an ornamented girdle reach- 
 ing to her feet, buckled at the waist ; she wears the 
 pedimental head-dress of the period. Of the children, 
 the brass of the sons is lost; that of the daughters shows 
 eight girls wearing caps and long hair, all dressed alike, 
 and all of the same size except one, probably the 
 youngest, who is much smaller. On a shield above the 
 figures are the arms of Gyll and Canon. Inscription 
 under — 
 
 " Of yo Charite pray for the Soule of John Gille 
 
 Esquyer late 
 Lorde of this Towne and Patron of the same who 
 
 departed 
 this worlde the xv day of Marche the xxxvij yer of 
 
 the Raynge of oure 
 Soueraygne lorde kynge Henry the eight on whos 
 
 soule ihu have mercy." 
 John Gyll was Lord of the Manor of "Wyddial for 
 some years, and married Margaret, daughter of George 
 Canon, mentioned in No. I. Cussans gives a long 
 pedigree of the family of Gyll or Gill, many of whom 
 are buried in this church, and were patrons of the 
 living. They seem to have been a family of note in the 
 county and neighbourhood, and Cussans says they were 
 settled in Cambridgeshire in 1278, near Royston, and 
 the name appears in many places in the county, as 
 Sandon, Therfield, Buckland, Cheshunt, and Watton. 
 
 IV.— Shield (broken), with arms of Gyll, and in- 
 scription — 
 
 " Under this Stone was buried George Gyll ^ 
 
 Esquyer beinge Lorde of this Towne whiche ^ 
 
 had II wyves be whome he had xiii chyldren 
 and Dyed the 29 day of October the 58 yere 
 of his age. In the yere of o' Lorde God 1568. 
 The arms of the first wife are upon the shield with those 
 of Gyll. 
 
 The first wife, according to Cussans' pedigree, was 
 Gertrude, daughter of Sir John Perient, of Digswell 
 (which family is represented by some fine brasses in the 
 church of that parish), and died 15 March, 1545, and 
 seems to have had seven of the above-named children ; 
 the second wife was Ann, daughter of Robert Whethill, 
 of Calais, and survived her husband. George Gyll was 
 patron of the living in 1556, John in 1559, and Sir 
 George from 1611 to 1616. 
 
 On Jloor of chapel. 
 v.— Arms and inscription — 
 " Hie reqviescit qvod mortale fvit Helenae 
 loscelync filiffi secvndas lohannis Gvlstoii 
 Armigeri vxoris lohannis loscelyne Armigeri 
 
 r^^ -^ r,ro Tl 1, "A I SVl JcSV 1640 
 
 Obut 25° Febrvaru Annoj^^,^^ ^^^^jg 22 
 
 In via militavit armata gratia ^ 
 
 In patria regnat coronata gloria." 
 The Gulstons were lords of tlie manor of "Wyddial, 
 which they purchased of the Gyll family in 1628. 
 Cussans gives a pedigree of the Gulstons extending to 
 1797, many of them being somewhat celebrated in their 
 day. The Goulstons were patrons of the living from
 
 ( 
 
 54 
 
 ) 
 
 1664 to 1797, when a Francis Goulston, a rector of the 
 place, died. Cussans says that it is stated in the 
 register ihat in 1727 Richard Goulston, Esq., gave to 
 the church various articles, and his son Francis gave 
 a new pulpit in the same year, and many monuments 
 and inscriptions are fixed to the memory of various 
 members of the family in the church. The Joscelyns 
 are probably connected with those of the same name at 
 Sawbridgeworth and Aspeden. The shield bears the 
 arms of Joscelyn and Gulston. 
 
 VI. — Inscription and five shields — 
 " Gouleston eras quondam nunc hominis vltima tantu 
 Pars restat undus scilicet iste lapis 
 In tumulum postrema tuum tibi Syllaba cessit 
 
 Qua3 manet inversa est Lugeo facta mihi 
 Pietatis ergo posvit moestissim filivs Richardvs 
 Natv maximvs liberorvra Johannis Govleston 
 Armigeri vnivs Prothonotariorv cvria3 Dui 
 Eejiis de Banco et lana; vxoris eivs flliae 
 Eichardi Keteriche de Sovthmyms Armigeri 
 Qui jacent svb hoc tumvlo sepvlti 
 
 Lugeo." 
 
 The shields bear the arras of Gouleston and Keteridge. 
 This John Gouleston died in 1644, and his wife pre- 
 deceased him in 1630 ; he i^^^.Ll o^^v^ndly Frauces . 
 
 VII.— Inscription only — 
 
 " Preterita pariter atq fvtvra 
 mandent oblivioni 
 Svb isto Marmore posita svnt corpora 
 lohis Gille Armigi & lohanne charissirae con 
 gvgis eivs Qui cvm per spaciv xxxvii Anor 
 per quam amice pariter viservnt Ambo mense 
 Octobris 1600 in etnam vitam Jesvm 
 Christvm obdormiervnt in pace 
 Eelinqventes dvos filios et tres filias." 
 
 Haines gives Nos. II., III., and IV. ; Chauncy I., 
 II., III., IV., and VI. ; and Cussans I.-VII. 
 
 [Reference is made to Chauncy's " Historical Antiqui- 
 ties of Heraordshire," Clutterbuck's "History of 
 Hertfordshire," Cussans's " History of Hertfordshire," 
 Haines's " Manual of Monumental Brasses," Boutell's 
 " Monumental Brasses," &c.] 
 
 k 
 
 Addenda and Corrigenda. — Great Berkhamsted. VI. The word "Kyng" is omitted 
 in the last line of the inscription. VIII. Add " Two Shields." IX. Add " Two 
 Shields." " October ^^ should be " JVovemberJ' 
 
 Note. — Inscriptions on 19th Century Brasses are not given in this publication. 
 
 The Engravings are taken by permissioQ from Cussans' "History of Hertfordshire." 
 
 " So man Ii'ctJj tiolmi ant) risctlj net : till tljc l^caijcns ic no wore, tfjcg sljall not atnaite, 
 nor Ije rai'scti out of tljct'r sircp." — 3o& xiti. 12.
 
 
 ALDENHA]5J. 
 
 KTs^EB WORTH CHUECH. * GREAT RERKHAMSTED 
 
 Simon Bache, Mccccxinr. 
 
 Name UjfKifowx, Cieca mccccxc. 
 
 Johannes Eaven, mcccxov.
 
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