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OUTLINE 
 
 of 
 
 Christian Theology. 
 
 BY 
 
 L. T. TOWNSEND, D. D., 
 
 Author of "Credo," "Sword and Garment," "God-Man," "Arena 
 and Throne," "Elements of Theology," "Lost Forever," etc., etc. 
 
 rivE 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 PHILLIPS & HUNT 
 
 CINCINNATI : 
 WALDEN & STOWE. 
 
&T77 
 
 ^Mi^:;t^ 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1877, by 
 
 NELSON & PHILLIPS, 
 
 in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 
 
 87*6/ 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The design of these pages is to present, for the 
 use of Sabbath-school teachers and scholars, a 
 brief statement of the doctrines of Revealed 
 Religion, together with a few of the leading 
 proof-texts used in their support. 
 
 A systematic discussion of the evidences of 
 Christianity is beyond our, design. For a brief 
 statement of some of the more difficult problems 
 of the Christian faith we refer the reader to a 
 work by the author entitled "Elements of 
 Theology," published by the house issuing these 
 Outlines. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 M l 
 
 Page 
 Preface 3 
 
 PART I. 
 
 DOCTRINES RELATING TO GOD. 
 
 I. Natural Attributes t 
 
 IL Moral Attributes 9 
 
 PART II. 
 
 DOCTRINES RELATING TO JESUS CHRIST, THE 
 GOD-MAN. 
 
 I. Jesus Christ is God 10 
 
 II. Jesus Christ is Man 10 
 
 III. Jesus Christ is God-man 10 
 
 IV. Jesus Christ is Incarnate 10 
 
 V. Jesus Christ is Mediator 11 
 
 PART III. 
 DOCTRINES RELATING TO MAN. 
 
 L Origin op Man 12 
 
 II. Normal Condition op Man 12 
 
 III. Abnormal Condition op Man 13 
 
 PART IV. 
 
 DOCTRINES RELATING TO SALTATION. 
 
 I. The Ground op Salvation 15 
 
 II. Conditions op Salvation 16 
 
 III. Provisions for Salvation 18 
 
6 Contents. 
 
 PART V. 
 
 DOCTRINES RELATING TO FINAL THINGS. 
 
 Pagb 
 
 I. Death 23 
 
 IL The Intermediate Period 23 
 
 HI. Second Advent op the God-man .' 25 
 
 IV. End op the present Physical Universe. ..... 2G 
 
 V. The Translation op the Living 26 
 
 VI. Resurrection op the Dead 27 
 
 VII. The Judgment 27 
 
 VIII. Conclusion op the God-man's Dispensation. ... 28 
 
 IX Endless Glorification op the Redeemed 29 
 
 X. Endless Reprobation op the Unredeemed 30 
 
 PART VI. 
 
 SUPPLEMENTAL TOPICS. 
 
 L The Lord's Day 31 
 
 II. Marriage 32 
 
 III The Church 32 
 
 IV. Church Sacraments. 33 
 
toflwq xtf S|qbimtt ¥^m$* 
 
 PAET I. 
 
 DOCTRINES RELATING TO GOD. 
 
 God is a Spirit, by whom and for whom 
 all things consist. 
 
 John iv, 24; Rom. xi, 36; Col. i, 17. 
 
 He is more fully defined by recount- 
 ing his attributes; they are divided into 
 natural and moral. 
 
 I. Natural Attributes. 
 
 a. God is eternal, having neither beginning 
 nor end. 
 
 Deut. xxxiii, 27 ; Psa. xe, 2 ; Heb. ix, 14. 
 
 b. He is omnipresent, being in all places at 
 all times. 
 
 Psa. cxxxix, 7-10; Acts xvii, 27; Eph. i, 23. 
 
 c. He is omniscient, knowing all things 
 which are obj ects of knowledge. 
 
 Psa. cxxxix, 1-6; Acts xv, 18; Heb. iv, 13. 
 
8 Outline of Christian Theology. 
 
 d. He is omnipotent, able to do all things 
 which are objects of power. 
 
 Job ix, 4-12; Matt, xix, 26; Rev. xix, 6. 
 
 e. He is immutable, having a nature unaffect- 
 ed by ages, and forming purposes which 
 nothing in the universe can change. 
 
 Exod. iii, 14; Psa. cii, 27; James i, 17. 
 
 f. He is an absolute unity, the essence of 
 whose being is indivisible. 
 
 Deut. vi, 4; 1 Cor. viii, 4; James ii, 19. 
 
 g. He is also a trinity, the personalities of 
 whose being are three — the Father, the 
 Son, and the Holy Ghost. 
 
 Matt, xxviii, 19 ; Eph. ii, 18 ; 1 John v, 7. 
 
 1. The Father is God ; all the attributes of deity 
 are ascribed to him ; he designed the universe and 
 planned redemption. 
 
 2. The Word, or Zogos, is God ; all the attributes 
 of deity are ascribed to him ; he manifests the de- 
 signs and executes the plans of the Father. 
 
 3. The Holy Ghost is God ; all the attributes of 
 deity are ascribed to him ; he inspires the life-forces 
 in the executed designs and plans of deity. 
 
 Consult the following passages in the order 
 given : Isa. lxiii, 9 ; Eph. v, 5 ; Col. ii, 2, 3 ; 2 Thess. 
 ii, 16; Titus ii, 13; John ii, 24, 25; Matt xxiv, 
 1-38; xxv, 31-46; Rev. i, 8; Matt, xxviii, 20; 
 
Outline of Christian Theology. 9 
 
 Col. i, 17 ; Luke xxiv, 51, 52 ; John i, 3-10 ; Col. 
 i, 16; Matt, vi, 10; John v, 30; vi, 38; Heb. x, 
 
 7, 9 ; Gen. i, 2 ; Luke xii, 10 ; Eph. iv, 30 ; Acts 
 xv, 28 ; 2 Cor. xiii, 14 ; Acts xx, 23 ; 2 Peter i, 21 ; 
 Titus iii, 5; 1 Cor. vi, 11; Rom. xv, 16; Rev. i, 
 
 8, 11, 17; Heb. ix, 14; Col. ii, 3; Eph. i, 17; 
 Deut. vi, 4 ; Matt, xviii, 19 ; 1 John v, 7. 
 
 II. Moral Attributes. 
 
 a. God is love, having tender affection toward 
 all his creatures. 
 
 Isa. lxiii, 1-9 ; John iii, 1 6 ; 1 John iv, 8, 1 6. 
 
 b. He is holy, being absolutely free from all 
 sin and impurity. 
 
 Lev. xi, 45 ; Psa. v, 5 ; Rev. xv, 4. 
 
 c. He is just, having a nature that must ren- 
 der to all creatures their deserts. 
 
 Deut. xxxii, 4; Psa. lxxxix, 14; Rev. xv, 3. 
 
 d. He is merciful, having a nature that pities 
 the miserable. 
 
 Deut. iv, 31; Psa. ciii, 8; 2 Cor. i, 3. 
 
 e. He is truthful, his attributes, his thoughts, 
 his words, and his acts never being in con- 
 flict with one another. 
 
 Psa. lxv, 16 ; Titus i, 2 ; Rev. xv, 3. 
 
PART II. 
 
 DOCTRINES RELATING TO JESUS CHRIST, 
 THE GOD-MAN. 
 
 I. Jesus Christ is God, being the Word, 
 or Logos. 
 
 Jotmi, 1; 1 John v, 20 ; Rev. xxii, 13; Col. i, It; Matt, 
 xviii, 20; CoL ii, 3, 10; Heb. xiii, 8; 1 John iii, 5; Phil, ii, 10. 
 
 II. Jesus Christ is man, possessing all 
 the normal characteristics of humanity. 
 
 Johni, 14; Gal. iv, 4; Phil, ii, 1, 8; Matt, i, 18-25; Luke 
 ii, 52 ; Matt, xxxi, 38 ; iv, 2 ; John iv, 6 ; Matt, iv, 2 ; John 
 xi, 35 ; Mark xiii, 2, 3 ; Mark iii, 5 ; John xix, 33, 42. 
 
 III. Jesus Christ is God-man, being the 
 union of God and man in one person. 
 
 John xiv, 9 ; Matt, i, 23; Rom. ix, 5; i, 3, 4; Rev. xxii, 16; 
 John xi, 35, 43, 44; Mark xiv, 34, 35; xv, 34, 37 ; Johnx, 18. 
 
 IV. Therefore Jesus Christ is the prod- 
 uct of an incarnation ; that is, according 
 to the plan of the Father and by the 
 
Outline of Christian Theology. 11 
 
 agency of the Holy Ghost, the Logos took 
 a physical body in a virgin mother. 
 
 Luke i, 34, 35. 
 
 V. Therefore, also, Jesns Christ is a 
 mediator between God and man ; he is the 
 only known being in the universe who can 
 comply perfectly with all the required 
 conditions of such mediation, being both 
 God and man. 
 
 John i, 18 ; 1 Tim. ii, 5, 6 ; iii, 16 ; Heb. ii, 9-18. 
 
PAET IIL 
 DOCTRINES RELATING TO MAN. 
 
 I. Origin of man ; according to the 
 plan of the Father, he was created by the 
 Logos, and received the inspiration of his 
 spirit-life from the Holy Ghost. 
 
 John i, 3; Psa. cxxxix, 14-16; Gen. i, 27; ii, 7. 
 
 II. Normal condition of man. 
 
 a. It was a condition of completeness, having 
 body, soul, spirit-life, and freedom. 
 
 Gen. ii, 7; 1 Thess. v, 23; 1 Cor. ii, 14; Eccles. 
 xii, 7; Prov. i, 23-31; Matt, xxiii, 37; John vii, 17. 
 
 b. It was a condition under command and 
 obligation to obey law, as revealed in 
 nature, in conscience, and in the word of 
 God. 
 
 These different revelations disclose : — 
 
 1. Duties toward God ; requiring man to omit 
 nothing which God enjoins, and to do nothing 
 which he prohibits. Deut. vi, 5 ; Psa. xxxiii, 8 ; 
 Rom. viii, 28. 
 
Outline of Christian Theology. 13 
 
 2. Duties toward man, requiring man to do his 
 fellow no wrong, and to aid him if wronged. Lev. 
 xix, 18 ; Matt, vii, 12 ; Luke x, 30-37 ; James ii, 8. 
 
 3. Duties toward one's self, requiring every man 
 to do nothing detrimental to either his body, his 
 mind, his soul, or his spirit, and to defend, pre- 
 serve, control, and improve each to the honor and 
 glory of God. Num. xxxv, 22-24 ; Lev. xix, 28 ; 
 1 Cor. vi, 19 ; 1 Peter ii, 5 ; Rom. xii, 1, 2 ; 1 Thess. 
 v, 23 ; Heb. v, 14. 
 
 III. The abnormal or fallen condition 
 of man. 
 
 a. It is a condition in which man is under the 
 same legal obligations as when in his nor- 
 mal or unfallen state. 
 
 Exod. xx, 3-17 ; Lev. xx, 7 ; Luke x, 27, 28. 
 
 b. It is a condition involving an inherited 
 tendency to sin. 
 
 Psa. Ii, 5; lviii, 3; Eph. ii, 3; James i, 13, 14. 
 
 c. It is a condition so inevitable that no 
 member of the race (except one) has 
 escaped personal sin and guilt. 
 
 Psa. xiv, 1-3; Jer. xvi, 12; Rom. iii, 9-12. 
 
 d. It is a condition such as makes it impos- 
 sible for man to do any thing acceptable 
 to God except as the grace of God through 
 Christ aids him. 
 
14 Outline of Christian Theology. 
 
 e. It is, therefore, a condition which exposes 
 every member of the race (except one) to 
 bodily, spiritual, and eternal death ; Ezek. 
 xviii, 4, 20 ; Rom. iii, 9-12 ; Gal. iii, 22 ; 
 making likewise the possibility of salvation 
 strictly dependent upon that "gracious 
 ability " provided by the mercy of God 
 through Jesus Christ. 
 
PAET IV. 
 DOCTRINES RELATING TO SALVATION. 
 
 I. The Ground of Salvation is the 
 Atonement. 
 
 Rom. i, 15, 16; 1 Cor. i, 23, 24; ii, 2; Gal. vi, 14. 
 
 a. The atonement is that provision for human 
 redemption accomplished through the per- 
 sonal obedience, sufferings, and death of 
 the God-man. 
 
 Matt, xx, 28; Heb. ii, 9, 10; ix, 12-15; 1 Peter i, 18, 19. 
 
 b. It is not for the purpose of appeasing God's 
 wrath ; John iii, 1, 6 ; Eom. v, 8 ; Titus 
 ii, 11 ; nor is it to be regarded as a mathe- 
 matical equivalent for the endless punish- 
 ment of all who have sinned ; Rom. iii, 
 24-26; viii, 1-3; Gal. ii, 16, 17, 21; but 
 it is a symbol of the perfect obedience of 
 man, and also of the eternal execution of 
 justice. 
 
 2 Cor. v, 18-21 • Heb. vii, 19 ; 1 Peter ii, 24 ; iii, 18. 
 
16 Outline of Christian Theology. 
 
 c. It satisfies God; enabling him to save all 
 who comply with certain conditions ; Rev. 
 xxii, 17. It satisfies every man who com- 
 plies with the required conditions, pardon- 
 ing his sin, removing his guilt, and inspir- 
 ing a Christian consciousness ; 1 John i, 9 ; 
 Eom. iv, 7-8 ; Gal. iv, 6 ; and it satisfies 
 an intelligent universe, showing that God 
 is just, and that he can also justify the 
 believer ; Rom. iii, 26 ; Rev. xv, 3 ; iv, 8. 
 
 d. It therefore must be universal in its pro- 
 visions, but limited, in case of those capable 
 of actual sin, to such as comply with the 
 conditions of salvation. 
 
 Mark xvi, 15, 16; Acts xvii, 30; Isa. xlv, 22; Rev. 
 xxii, 17. 
 
 II. Conditions of Salvation. 
 
 a. Repentance* it is sorrow for sin, because 
 committed against God ; is termed evangel- 
 ical, and is followed by an amended life ; 
 Isa. lvii, 10; Luke i, 76-78; 2 Cor. vii, 
 9-11. There is a repentance termed legale 
 which is regret occasioned by the conse- 
 quences of sin ; this, however, is not a 
 condition of salvation ; 2 Cor. vii, 10 ; 
 Heb. xii, 17. 
 
^\ 8 R A fi p^s 
 
 ' OF THB 
 
 TOPPERS 
 
 ,. 
 
 Outline of Christian Theology. 17 
 
 Conversion j this, together with repent- 
 ance, are the introductory steps to a godly 
 life. Conversion implies a radical change 
 in the purposes of the penitent. Ezek. 
 xviii, 21-23; 30-32; Matt, vii, 24-26; 
 1 Thess. i, 9; it is also brought about by 
 the agency of other persons ; Psa. li, 
 10-13; Luke i, 16; James v, 20; and it 
 is likewise induced by the influences of the 
 Holy Ghost; Haggai i, 14; Psa. ex, 3; 
 Acts ix, 1-9. 
 
 The Exercise of Faith. The ability to ex- 
 ercise faith is a gift of God to every re- 
 sponsible agent : practically, faith is an 
 assent of the understanding to divine rev- 
 elation, a consent of the will to accept the 
 requirements of such revelation, and a 
 trust in Jesus Christ as a personal and a 
 present Saviour. 
 
 1 Cor. xii, 3 ; Eph. ii, 8 ; Heb. xi, 1-40 ; 1 John v, 1-4. 
 
 Good Works : they are the natural results 
 of repentance and conversion, implying a 
 degree of faith ; they are required of every 
 morally responsible agent, and as a con- 
 dition of salvation are no less essential than 
 is the atonement of Christ viewed as a 
 ground of salvation. 
 
 Matt v, 16; Eph. ii, 10; Titus ii, 14; iii, 8 ; 1 John ii, 29. 
 
18 Outline of Christian Theology. 
 
 III. Provisions for Salvation. 
 
 a. Revelation. Nothing can be clearer thah 
 the necessity of revelations from God as 
 a condition of man's salvation. Human 
 opinions and reasonings are not sufficient 
 to make known perfectly either the obli- 
 gations of humanity, the nature of the 
 divine law, or the moral character of God. 
 
 Divine revelations are of five kinds : — 
 
 1. Those made in the physical universe. Rom, 
 i,20. 
 
 2. Those reported to the conscience of man. 
 Rom. ii, 11-16. 
 
 3. Those found in the Holy Scriptures. 2 Peter 
 i,21. 
 
 4. Those manifested in the person of the God- 
 man. Heb. i, 1, 2. 
 
 5. And those disclosed to the new consciousness 
 of Christian believers. Matt, xi, 25-27; John xiv, 
 26 ; 1 Cor. xii, 3. 
 
 The last three are found indispensable to a knowledge of 
 divine things, judging from the condition of humanity when 
 not under their light. Acts xvii, 18-23; Rom. i, 18-31; hi, 
 9-18; 1 Cor. vi, 9-10; Eph. ii, 2, 3. 
 
 Since the Holy Scriptures are tangible, contain the history 
 of the God-man, and since through them the Holy Ghost 
 usually enlightens humanity, (John xvii, 17,) they become the 
 
Outline of Christian Theology. 19 
 
 most important object of search and study within human 
 reach. Psa. cxix ; John v, 39 ; 1 Cor. x, II. 
 
 The following matters are usually discussed 
 in connection with the Scriptures : — 
 
 1. Their genuineness, by which is meant that 
 they were written by the persons whose signatures 
 they bear and to whom generally ascribed. The 
 internal and external evidences of their genuine- 
 ness are equal to any book ever written. 
 
 2. Their creditableness, by which is meant that 
 their character is such as ought to inspire belief 
 
 Their credibility is attested by — 
 
 (a') Prophecies respecting the Jews, by prophecies re- 
 lating to other nations, also by those concerning Christ and 
 Christianity, which have been fulfilled, or are now in process 
 of fulfillment. 
 
 The credibility of the Scriptures is still further 
 attested by — 
 
 (b') The wonderful truths disclosed: Bible revelations are 
 in harmony with one another, with the revelations of nature, 
 with the dictates of conscience, and with the religious expe- 
 riences of the race. The Scriptures have likewise received the 
 homage of the ablest minds among civilized nations, and the 
 indorsement of even the most learned skeptics and infidels. 
 
 3. Their inspiration. The Scriptures being gen- 
 uine and credible, it will follow that they are in- 
 spired, since they repeatedly assert their inspira- 
 tion. 2 Tim. hi, 16; 1 Peter i, 10-12; 2 Peter i, 
 20-22. 
 
20 Outline of Christian Theology. 
 
 They are inspired fully, disclosing all matters 
 upon which human salvation conditionally depends, 
 and are verbally inspired when this is necessary 
 for fullness or accuracy. 
 
 Inspiration may be effected by visions : Matt, ii, 
 12, 13 ; Acts x, 10-13; 2 Cor. xii, 1-4; by divine 
 messengers; Judg. vi, 11, etc.; Luke i, 11-19; 
 Acts xxvii, 23 ; by an audible voice; Dan. iv, 31 ; 
 Acts ix, 4 ; 2 Peter i, 17, 18 ; and by a direct com- 
 munication of truth to the mind of the writer. 
 Matt, x, 20; Gal. i, 11, 12. 
 
 The possibility of an inspired revelation rests 
 upon another possibility, namely, the possible in- 
 terposition of God in the ordinary processes of 
 nature, or the evoking from those ordinary proc- 
 esses extraordinary results, resulting in interrup- 
 tions and new appearances. Astronomical and 
 geological histories present many such interposi- 
 tions. The miracles recorded in the Scriptures 
 are likewise evidence of such possibility. They 
 were wrought in a public manner, (Matt, xiv, 
 17-21,) were of such a character as not to be ques- 
 tioned by those who witnessed them, (Matt, xii, 
 24 ;) they were in numbers sufficiently great and in 
 character sufficiently grand to produce conviction, 
 (John xxi, 25,) and presented ample variety, (Luke 
 viii, 2 ; Matt, iv, 23, 24 ; John xii, 1, 2, 9-11.) 
 
 The glory and crown of all the miracles is the 
 resurrection of the God-man. 
 
 b. Justification is likewise a condition of salva- 
 tion. On God's part it is an act which absc.ves 
 
Outline of Christian Theology. 21 
 
 penitent and converted persons from all past guilt. 
 Thenceforth there is nothing standing in the way 
 of their regeneration and sanctification. Acts xiii, 
 39; Rom. viii, 1-3; Gal. ii, 16. 
 
 c. Regeneration. This is a radical change 
 wrought by the Holy Ghost in the moral nature of 
 man, by which the unholy will and enmity to God 
 and his law are subdued, and holy affections are 
 implanted in the heart. It is clearly revealed that 
 none but regenerated persons can be saved. Matt, 
 xviii, 3 ; John iii, 3, 7 ; Rom. viii, 7, 8 ; Gal. vi, 
 15 ; Heb. xii, 14. 
 
 The Scripture representations as to this work 
 are the following: Deut. xxx, 6; Psa. Ii, 10; Jer. 
 xxiv, 7; xxxi, 33 ; Ezek. xi, 19; xxxvi, 25, 26; 
 John i, 12, 13 ; iii, 5-8 ; Acts iii, 19 ; Rom. xii, 2 ; 
 xiii, 14 ; 2 Cor. v, 17 ; iii, 18 ; Col. i, 12-15 ; iii, 10 ; 
 2 Tim. iii, 5 ; 1 Peter i, 22, 23 ; 2 Peter i, 4. 
 
 The evidences and the normal fruits of justifica- 
 tion and regeneration are, adoption ; Eph. i, 3-14 ; 
 
 1 Peter i, 2-5; and the witness of the Spirit; 
 
 2 Cor. i, 22 ; v, 5 ; Eph. i, 13, 14 ; iv, 30 ; Col. ii, 2 ; 
 1 Thess. i, 5 ; Gal. v, 22, 23 ; Eph. v, 9. 
 
 d. Sanctification. Justification is a change of 
 condition from guilt to pardon ; regeneration in- 
 volves the implantation of a new nature in man ; 
 but sanctification is more than either or both of 
 these ; in the human side it is the setting of one's 
 self apart for, and the solemn consecration of one's 
 self to, the work of God; and on the divine side it 
 
22 Outline of Christian Theology. 
 
 is that sublime work effected by the Holy Ghost in 
 the souls of penitent, converted, justified, and re- 
 generated men, which, when fully effected, results 
 in such a complete alienation from sin that it is 
 utterly abhorred, and in such a perfect exercise of 
 the regenerated affections that love to God is 
 supreme. The work of sanctification begins simul- 
 taneously with regeneration, and may be then 
 completed, or may remain incomplete for years, or 
 may be progressive, but must be completed (entire 
 sanctification) before the soul can enjoy or enter 
 heaven. 
 
 No regenerated person can be excused from con- 
 tinually striving after entire sanctification until 
 its attainment. God wills the sanctification of 
 believers; Rom. xii, 12; 1 Thess. iv, 3; Heb. x, 
 9, 10 ; and he commands it ; Gen. xvii, 1 ; Matt. 
 v, 48 ; 1 Peter i, 15, 16. What God wills and com- 
 mands is both possible and absolutely requirable. 
 
PART V. 
 
 DOCTRLYES RELATING TO FINAL 
 THINGS. 
 
 I. Death, as applied to humanity, is the 
 separation of the immortal spirit (Gen. 
 ii, 7) from both the physical life and the 
 animal soul of man, together with the per- 
 manent cessation of all the physical and 
 the animal soul-functions. It is pronounced 
 against the entire race, in consequence of 
 original and actual transgression ; Gen. 
 ii, 17 ; iii, 19 ; Rom. v, 12. On account of 
 sin, death became a gate- way to the fu- 
 ture world ; had there been no sin, the en- 
 trance to that world probably would have 
 been through translation or transfiguration ; 
 2 Kings ii, 11 ; Heb. xi, 5 ; 1 Thess. iv, 15-17. 
 
 II. The Intermediate Period, or Condi- 
 tion, covers the time intervening between 
 death and the resurrection. It is an un- 
 alterable condition as to the drift of moral 
 character ; Eccles. xi, 3 ; Luke xvi, 26 ; 
 
24 Outline of Christian Theology. 
 
 Rev. xxii, 11 ; it is a conscious existence 
 of the immortal spirit ; Matt, xvii, 3, 4 ; 
 Luke ix, 32, 33. Full or judicial merit 
 or demerit are not rendered in this state, 
 these being reserved until after the final 
 judgment ; Matt, xxv, 31-46. 
 
 This existence is not only a condition, 
 but is conscious life in a definite place. 
 The original term applied to the interme- 
 diate abodes of both the saved and the lost 
 is in the Hebrew, Sheol, and in the Greek, 
 Hades; Gen. xxvii, 35; Psa. cxxxix, 8; 
 Matt, xi, 23 ; Acts ii, 27, 31 ; Rev. i, 18 ; 
 vi, 8; xx, 13, 15. 
 
 In this Sheol or Hades there are two 
 abodes, one for the saved, whicb is prop- 
 erly called the Intermediate Paradise, or 
 Hades-Paradise ; the other for the lost, 
 whicb may be termed the Intermediate 
 Gehenna, or Hades-Gehenna. Lazarus 
 and the ricb man (Luke xvi, 19-31) were 
 both in Hades ; but the one was in the 
 blissful Hades, (identical with Paradise,) 
 the otber was in the woeful Hades. The 
 God-man entered the blissful Hades after 
 his death, and comforted its inhabitants ; 
 
Outline of Chkistian Theology. 25 
 
 Acts ii, 27, 31 ; but the angels who kept 
 not their first estate are in Hades of woe, 
 called by St. Peter, in the verb-form, 
 Tartarus; Jude 6. The penitent thief 
 was welcomed to Paradise : Luke xxiii, 
 43 ; but it was Gehenna against which 
 our Lord warned the people ; Mark ix, 
 43-47. 
 
 III. Second Advent of the God-man. 
 This will be introductory in a series of 
 transactions, the grandest this universe is 
 ever to witness. The advent will be sud- 
 den and sublime ; Matt, xxiv, 42-51 ; xxv, 
 1-14 ; 1 Thess. v, 1-4 ; Rev. xv, 15 ; men 
 will be taken by surprise ; Matt, xxiv, 
 36-51 ; and in that hour of transforma- 
 tions every eye shall see the Lord of 
 Glory ; Mark xiii, 26 ; Rev. i, 7. 
 
 IV. End of the present physical universe, 
 and its transformation into spiritualized 
 and glorified conditions. This event is to 
 be as sudden as the advent of Christ, and 
 simultaneous with it; Isa. xxxiv, 4; Heb. 
 xii, 21 ; 2 Peter iii, 4, 10-13. 
 
26 Outline of Christian Theology. 
 
 The boundaries between Hades and 
 earth will seem to vanish, and the spirit- 
 ualized matter of the physical universe will 
 become, ,as it would seem, the foundations 
 for the New Jerusalem, which will appear 
 as if descending from God out of heaven. 
 Rev. xxi, 1, 2. 
 
 V. The Translation of the living. Simul- 
 taneous with the advent of Christ and the 
 change of the physical universe w T ill also 
 be witnessed the transformation and trans- 
 lation of the bodies of the living- ; those of 
 the redeemed will become like the glorified 
 body of Christ, and be fitted to enjoy the 
 splendors and raptures of heaven ; it will 
 be no more and no less marvelous than 
 that touch of God which converts a black 
 clod that the fire has left into a spark- 
 ling diamond ; 1 Thess. iv, 13-18; 1 Cor. 
 xv, 51-54. The bodies of the unredeemed 
 will become the exact exponents of their 
 characters, and be fitted to endure what- 
 ever is reserved for them in the world of 
 despair; Matt, xxv, 32, 33 ; 1 Cor. xv, 38; 
 Rev. xi, 15-17. 
 
Outline of Christian Theology. 27 
 
 VI. Resurrection of the dead. The fact 
 of the resurrection is variously set forth in 
 the Scriptures. We refer especially to 
 1 Cor. xv, as this chapter was written ex- 
 pressly to answer questions which had 
 been raised upon this subject in the Corin- 
 thian Church. The redeemed are to rise 
 first with bodies like the transformed bodies 
 of those who are alive at Christ's appear- 
 ing. The unredeemed will be last to rise, 
 and will have bodies like those of the un- 
 redeemed who are alive at the end of the 
 world. 
 
 In a historic sense the resurrection body 
 will be the same as the bodies buried ; it 
 will be different, however, as to certain 
 vital characteristics. It will have also 
 some direct relations with the present 
 physical body and with the place of its 
 burial ; 1 Cor. xv ; John v, 28, 29 ; xii, 24 ; 
 Rev. xx, 13. 
 
 VII. The judgment. This is to be an 
 investigation into every man's conduct and 
 character during his probation ; 2 Cor. v, 
 10; 1 Peter iv, 5; Rev. xx, 12-13; the 
 
28 Outline of Cheistian Theology. 
 
 investigation will be conducted with the 
 closest discrimination ; Eccles. xii, 13-14; 
 Matt, xii, 36, 37 ; Mark iv, 22 ; Luke xii, 
 2, 3. The God-man is to be the supreme 
 judge; Matt, xxv, 31-46; John v, 22; 
 Jude 14, 15. The decisions of the judg- 
 ment are to be final and eternal, the un- 
 saved being consigned to eternal con- 
 demnation ; Matt, xxv, 4, 46 ; Mark iii, 29 ; 
 2 Thess. i, 6, 9 ; and Jude 7 ; the saved re- 
 ceiving eternal salvation, involving infinite 
 and glorious rewards; Matt, xxv, 46; 
 Mark x, 30; Luke xxi, 27, 28; xiv, 13, 
 14; Rom. vi, 23; Heb. v, 9; ix, 12, 28; 
 1 Peter v, 10; 2 Tim. ii, 10; Jude 21. 
 
 VIII. Conclusion of the God-marts dis- 
 pensation. We state this event in the re- 
 markable language of revelation without 
 comment : — 
 
 Then cometh the end, when he shall have delivered up the 
 kingdom to God, even the Father; when he shall have put 
 down all rule, and all authority and power. 
 
 For he must reign, till he hath put all enemies under his feet. 
 
 The last enemy that shall he destroyed is death. 
 
 For he hath put all things under his feet. But when he 
 saith, All tilings are put under him, it is manifest that he is 
 excepted, which did put all things under him. 
 
Outline of Christian Theology. 29 
 
 And when all things shall be subdued unto him, then shall 
 the Son also himself bo subject unto liim that put all things 
 under Lim, that God may be all in all. 1 Cor. xv, 24-28. 
 
 IX. Endless glorification of the Re- 
 deemed. When the scenes of the Final 
 Judgment close, the redeemed will pass 
 with the God-man into the heavenly 
 country, (Matt, xxv, 34, 46,) which will be 
 absolutely new, (2 Peter iii, 13; Rev. xxi, 
 1,) in which will be a metropolis ample in 
 its provisions, (John xiv, 2; Heb. xi, 16,) 
 surpassing all human power of description, 
 (Rev. xxi, 2-26.) Hades-Paradise, which 
 had been the abode of the saved from 
 Adam to the last good man dying a nat- 
 ural death, will issue into this absolutely 
 perfect, and therefore ultimate and eter- 
 nal, dwelling-place, which may be called 
 Heaven-Paradise; 2 Cor. iv, 18; v, 1; 
 Rev. xxi, 1, 4, 5, 10 * 
 
 * The word heaven, as used in the Bible, signifies: — 
 
 (1) The surrounding atmosphere; Gen. i, 7, 8, 20; Psa. cxlvii, 8; Matt, 
 xxiv, 2. 
 
 (2) The solar and sidereal spaces; Gen. i, 14; xv, 5; Joshua x, 13; Isa. 
 xxxiv, 4. 
 
 (3) The intermediate abode of the good; Matt, xviii, 10; Acts vli, 
 55, 56 ; 2 Cor. xii, 2. 
 
 (4) The final and glorious abode of the redeemed, where they are to re- 
 
30 Outline of Chkistian Theology. 
 
 X. Endless reprobation of the Unre- 
 deemed. At the conclusion of the Final 
 Judgment the unredeemed will be forced 
 to depart into abodes prepared as a place 
 of punishment for Satan and evil angels ; 
 Matt. xxv r , 41. That place is the final Ge- 
 henna, or Hell, into which Hades-Gehenna, 
 the abode of unredeemed men and angels 
 prior to the judgment, will issue, or be 
 cast; Rev. xx, 14.* It is a place of end- 
 less confusion, dismay, and torment ; Matt, 
 iii, 19 ; xiii, 40-42 ; xviii, 8, 9 ; Luke xvii, 
 29, 30; Heb. x, 26, 27; Rev. xii, 10, 11; 
 xix, 3; xx, 9, 14, 15; xxi, 8. 
 
 ceive the rewards of their faithfulness; 2 Cor. v, 1, 2. See also descrip- 
 tions in Kevelation. 
 
 Angels who have successfully passed through their probation, (Psa. ciii, 
 19,20; Matt, vi, 10; 1 Tim. v, 21; Jude 6,) and who now occupy Hades- 
 Paradise with men, (Matt, xviii, 10,) will likewise enjoy the final heaven, 
 which has been prepared for redeemed humanity. Kev. v, 11. 
 
 ♦The word hell, as used in the Bible, signifies: (1) Hades-Gehenna. 
 Luke xvi, 23; comp. viii, 81 ; 2 Peter ii, 4; Jude 6; Kev. xx, 18. (2) Ge- 
 henna proper; Matt, xxiii, 33; Mark ix, 43-47; Luke xii, 5. For a fuller 
 discussion, see the author's "Elements of Theology," and "Lost Forever." 
 
PAET VI. 
 
 SUPPLEMENTAL TOPICS. 
 
 I. The Lord's Day, The seventh day of 
 the week was ordained as a day of rest 
 for the Jews; Exod. xxx, 13-17. It was 
 observed by our Lord and the apostles 
 prior to the resurrection ; Mark t vi, 2 ; 
 Luke iv, 16-31; Acts i, 12-14; xiii, 14, 
 42, 44. Christ was Lord of the Sabbath, 
 (Matt, xii, 8,) and doubtless among other 
 unrecorded instructions, (John xx, 30 ; xxi, 
 25,) the disciples were required to change 
 the Sabbath from the seventh to the first 
 day of the week, calling it thereafter the 
 Lord's Day, (Rev. i, 10.) This inference 
 is strengthened by the example of the 
 apostles ; John xx, 19, 26; Acts xx, 6-11 ; 
 1 Cor.xvi, 1-2; Col. ii, 16, 17. It should 
 be made by Christians, in harmony with 
 its design, a type of heavenly rest and 
 enjoyment; Heb. iv, l-ll ; xii, 14; Rev. 
 xiv, 13; xxii, 14, 15. 
 
32 Outline of Christian Theology. 
 
 II. Marriage. This rite was instituted 
 between the first man and woman, (Gen. 
 i, 27, 28; ii, 18, 21-24,) and is honorable 
 in all their descendants ; Heb. xiii, 4. A 
 man should have but one wife, and a wife 
 but one husband, at the same time ; Deut. 
 xvii, 17; 1 Kings xi, 1-4; Matt, xix, 5; 
 Eph. v, 31 ; 1 Tim. iii, 2, 12. The patri- 
 archs, in some instances, violated this limi- 
 tation, but suffered the evil consequences. 
 Divorce from marriage, with the right of 
 remarriage, is not allowed, except for one 
 cause ; Matt, v, 32 ; xix, 6-9 ; Rom. viii, 
 2, 3. Separation between husband and 
 wife, without the right of remarriage, is 
 allowed in certain cases ; Prov. xxi, 10 ; 
 Amos iii, 3; 1 Cor. vii, 10-17. 
 
 III. TJie Church. It may be viewed in 
 different relations. 
 
 a. A company of professing Christians or- 
 ganized into a society is called the, or a, 
 Church visible; 1 Corinthians i, 2; xvi, 
 1-19. 
 
 b. The entire body of regenerated believers 
 in every period of time, in earth, or in 
 
Outline of Christian Theology. 33 
 
 heaven, is termed the Church general; 
 Ephesians iii, 15. 
 
 c. All justified persons, adults or infants, 
 baptized or unbaptized, in heathen or 
 Christian lands, members of the organ- 
 ized Church or not, constitute the Church 
 invisible; Ephesians iii, 15; 2 Timothy 
 ii, 19. 
 
 d. Kedeemed persons, while contending with 
 evil on earth, constitute the Church mil- 
 itant ; Ephesians v, 26, 27; 1 Peter iv, 
 12, 13. 
 
 e. Saved persons in heaven, men and angels, 
 constitute the Church triumphant; He- 
 brews xii, 22-24 ; Revelation xix, 7, 8. 
 
 Yiewed in its entirety, the Church has 
 for its head the Lord Christ ; Matt, 
 xvi, 18 ; 1 Cor. iii, 11 ; Eph. i, 22 ; ii, 20, 
 22 ; v, 23, 24 ; and for its object the prop- 
 agation of divine truth ; Matt, xxviii, 
 19, 20 ; 1 Cor. iii, 9, 10 ; Eph. iv, 11-16 ; 
 Rom. x, 14-17 ; Rev. xxii, 17 ; and for 
 its destiny a glorious triumph ; Isa. lx, 22 ; 
 Dan. ii, 35, 45; Ezek. xlvii, 3-5; Matt 
 xiii, 31-33. 
 
34 Outline of Christian Theology. 
 IV. Church Sacraments. 
 
 a. Baptism is an ordinance in which the 
 application of water in the name of the 
 blessed Trinity is employed as a symbol 
 of the cleansing power of the atonement, 
 and on part of its candidates is both a 
 public profession of faith in Christ and of 
 consecration to his service. Believers in 
 Christ, offering themselves in consecration 
 to him, are proper candidates ; Acts viii, 
 36, 39; and are commanded to receive its 
 rite; Acts ii, 38. Children are likewise 
 candidates. When baptized infants come 
 to maturity and believe in Christ, offering 
 themselves in consecration to him, they 
 should accept the former ordinance as an 
 expression of their faith. 
 
 Infant baptism is administered and jus- 
 tified on the following considerations : — « 
 
 1. Circumcision, with other forms of the Jewish 
 Church, gave way to baptism in the Christian 
 Church. Heb. viii, 6-13. The children of believers 
 hold a similar relation to the Christian Church as 
 Jewish children did to the Jewish Church ; but 
 they were constituted members of the Jewish 
 Church by the administration of circumcision ; 
 Gen. xvii, 9-14. Therefore children may receive 
 this Church rite, and should be regarded as mem- 
 
Outline of Christian Theology. 35 
 
 bers of the visible Church until their want of con- 
 formity to its requirements excludes them. 
 
 2. The following Scriptures seem to authorize the 
 administration of this rite to children ; Isa. xliv, 3 ; 
 lix, 21 ; Joel ii, 28; Matt, xviii, 1-4; xix, 13-14; 
 Acts ii, 38, 39; xvi, 13-15; 1 Cor. i, 16; vii, 14. 
 
 The modes of baptism are three : — 
 
 (a) The application of water at the hands of a believer, in the 
 name of the Trinity, by sprinkling : The following passages are 
 suggested : Ezek. xxxvi, 25 ; Heb. x, 22 ; xii, 24. 
 
 (b) The application of water at the hands of a believer, in 
 the name of the Trinity, by pouring : The following passages 
 are suggestive: Isa. xliv, 3; Joel ii, 28; Acts ii, 18, 33. 
 
 (c) The application of water at the hands of a believer, in the 
 name of the Trinity, by immersion : The following passages are 
 suggestive: Matt, iii, 16; Actsviii, 38, 39; Rom.vi, 4; Col. ii, 12. 
 
 b. The ZorcPs Supper is a visible and fed- 
 eral rite instituted by our Saviour (Matt, 
 xxvi, 26-30,) in place of the Jewish Pass- 
 over, (Exod. xii, 11,14; Luke xxii, 11-13.) 
 It is designed to be a commemorative in- 
 stitution ; Luke xxii, 19-20 ; 1 Cor. xi, 
 24-26. The elements employed are bread 
 and wine, symbolizing the broken body 
 and shed blood of the Lord Jesus ; Matt. 
 xxvi, 26-30 ; Luke xxii, 14-20 ; 1 Cor. xi, 
 23-26. It is not an ordinary meal, and is 
 to be guarded against all forms of excess. 
 1 Cor. xi, 20-22, 27-34. It is to be ad- 
 ministered by those whom regenerated 
 
36 Outline of Christian Theology. 
 
 persons regard as qualified and authorized. 
 It is the Lord's table, and not that of any- 
 particular Church. If these positions are 
 correctly taken, it follows that all persons 
 have a right to partake of the Lord's Sup- 
 per who enjoy evangelical faith, and who 
 desire to call to mind the death and suffer- 
 ings of our divine Lord and Master. 
 
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