^ I fWf-M I = \Ot-UNIVtKVA A\\t -UNIVER5/A ^KMIIVO-JO^ I 1 1 I! O ct i I 25 S > .5 % A\\E UNIVERJ/A i i '.A - ^^ %OJHVD-JO^ I 3 S s 5 i 5 g c g= S > i I i z = g s > I 5 ^ ^ t ^ios-is^:^> e s ^ %OJi]VDjO^ 2 f S I | P ^ -1" = f I g 1 1 f ^ < g =c I l^_ ^ ^HQAUiniV^ ^AHVSfflH^ I ^ =c > c THE LIFE, JOURNALS, AND CORRESPONDENCE OF SAMUEL PEPYS, ESQ. F.R.S VOL. I. LONDON : PRINTED BY SAMUEL BENTLET, Bangor House, Shoe Lane. THE LIFE, JOURNALS, CORRESPONDENCE SAMUEL PEPYS, ESQ. F.R.S SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY IN THE REIGNS OF CHARLES II. AND JAMES II. INCLUDING A NARRATIVE OF HIS VOYAGE TO TANGIER, DECIPHERED FROM THE SHORT-HAND JCSS. IS THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY, BY THE REV. JOHN SMITH, AJtf. DKCIPHKRKK OF * PKPTS'S MEMOIRS." NOW FIRST PUBLISHED FROM THE ORIGINALS. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. LONDON: RICHARD BENTLEY, NEW BURLINGTON STREET, tn rtrtnan? to fetr 1841. Stack Annt CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME. INTRODUCTORY MEMOIR . . . Page 63 Letter from Mr. Coventry to the Duke of Albemarle, June 4, 1665, giving an account of the Battle of Solebay . . . . .85 Captain Jeremy Smith to the Duke of Albemarle. Particulars of the Battle of Solebay . . .93 Pepys to Lord Hinchingbroke, July 25, 1665. Vessel sent to convey him from France . . .94 Pepys to Lord Sandwich, August 7, 1665. Marriage of the daughter of Lord Sandwich. Sir George Car- teret. The Plague . . ." . . 95 Lord Sandwich to the Duke of Albemarle, August 30, 1665 Sails to meet the Dutch: State of his Fleet . . .' . . .100 Lord Sandwich to the Duke of Albemarle, Solebay, September 12, 1665. Capture of the Dutch East- India Fleet . . .- 1'tjj' . .102 JOURNAL OF PEPYS'S PROCEEDINGS WITH REGARD TO THE PRIZES, (captures from the Dutch,) September 17 to November 13, 1665, . . V . 104 VOL. I. B 2033858 38 CONTENTS. Duke of Albemarle to Sir William Coventry, Gun-Fleet, June 6, 1666. State of the Fleet after the battle with the Dutch. Loss of Ships and Men . Page 108 Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle to the Duke of York, August 31, 1666. Chase of the Dutch Fleet . . . . . .113 Pepys to Lady Sandwich, Februarys, 1666-7. Public discontent. State of the Fleet . . .115 Pepys to Lord Sandwich in Spain, October 7, 1667. Dissatisfaction of the Parliament. Dismissal of the Lord Chancellor. Character of Sir William Coventry 117 Lord Hinchingbroke to Pepys, December 9, 1667, on the subject of a loan for Lord Sandwich . . . 122 Pepys to Lord Hinchingbroke, December 9, 1667. Inability to comply with his request . . .123 Pepys to the Lord High Admiral, (Duke of York,) January 8, 1669-70. Accounts of the Navy Office . 124 J. Forbes to Mr. Povey, Copenhagen, May 7, 1670. Entrance through the Sound of the English ambas- sador opposed, unless he agree to strike his flag. Eng- lish ships h'red upon. Funeral of the King of Denmark. Satisfaction demanded for the insult to the English flag . . . ;> ... . . 126 Sir Thomas Clutterbuck to Pepys, Leghorn, May 1, 1671. Musical cards. Present of a guitar , i : . 130 Duke of Richmond to Pepys, Copenhagen, July 30, 1672. Repair of the Lenox yacht . >rt . 132 The Earl of Anglesea to Pepys, Drury Lane, August 4, 1672. Seeks Pepys's aid in regard to his accounts of the chest at Chatham . \ n , . . 133 Pepys to Lord Anglesea, August 4, 1672. Inability to assist him in the affair . . . . . 136 Mr. Hill to Pepys, Lisbon, April 14, 1673. Private concerts. Music ..... 137 The Duke of Norfolk to Pepys, Norwich, August 15, 1673. CONTENTS. 39 The Duke promises Pepys his support in his elec- tion for Castle Rising . . . Page 140 Sir John Chichly to Pepys, August 23, 1673. Invitation to Pepys to dine on board the Charles ' f # . 143 Mr. Glanville to the Lady Mordaunt, Wootton, August 25, 1673 . - . . . . .144 Mr. Balthasar St. Michel to Pepys, Deal, February 8, 1673-4. On the subject of Pepys being accused of popery, and his election being declared void by the Committee of Privileges. Mrs. Pepvs, her popish predilections and early life. Various fortunes of Mr. St. Michel, and his firm adherence to Protestantism 146 Mr. Ross to Pepys, St. James's, September 22, 1674. Interest for a Fellowship of Trinity College, Cam- bridge, solicited by Pepys for Lord Montague . 153 Pepys to Mr. Ross, September 22, 1674, on the same subject . . ... . .158 Mr. J. Montague to Pepys, October 2, 1674. Letter of acknowledgment for obligations conferred on him by Pepys .- . - " .-- . . .156 Mr. Hill to Pepys, Lisbon, October 7, 1674 Recom- mends a singer (Cesare Morelli) to Pepys . . 157 Pepys to Mr. Hill, November 22, 1674 Pepys offers to take Cesare Morelli into his service . . 159 Mr. Hill to Pepys, Lisbon, July 1, 1675 His remarks on a portrait of Pepys. The musical talents of Morelli 161 Mr. Hewer to Pepys, Paris, August 23, 1675. His visit to the Gobelins, the Louvre. Sir Anthony Deane's reception by the French minister. Biographical sketch of William Hewer. Complaint against Pepys . 1 63 Mr. Gibbon to Pepys, August27, 1675. Reported ap- pearance of a spirit to Pepys . - . 168 Mr. Daniel Skinner to Pepys, November 19, 1676. Expresses his obligations to Pepys on obtaining for him the appointment of secretary to the embassy at Nime- B2 40 CONTENTS. guen. Works of Milton left by the poet to Mr. Skin- ner. Incurs the anger of Sir Joseph Williamson on account of the publication of a work by Milton, and is removed from his situation . . . Page 169 Captain Proud to Pepys, Dec. 4>, 1676, on the loadstone 182 Mr. J. Houblon to Pepys, May 3, 1677. Political state of Europe. On the office of Secretary to the Admi- ralty. State of the Navy . . % - . 183 Sir Jonas Moore to Pepys, February 18, 1677-8. Mr. Leake, candidate for the Savilian Professorship of Geo- metry. Dr. Wallis. Admiral Sir Thomas Allen . 187 Mr. James Houblon to Pepys, November 2, 1678. En- deavours, but unsuccessfully, to convert Morelli from popery. Morelli's determination to leave England . 190 M. Morelli to Pepys, Brentwood, November 9, 1678. His anxiety with regard to the accusation of popery made against Secretary Pepys . . 191 M. Morelli to Pepys, May 29, 1679, defends himself ' from the charge of having been a popish priest . 192 Colonel Norwood to Pepys, June 2, 1679, on Pepys being accused of popery, felony, piracy, and treason. Biographical sketch of Colonel Norwood . . 194 Mr. D'Oyly to Pepys, June 10, 1679, requesting a loan of money . ;, . - . . . 196 Pepys to Mr. D'Oyly, Tower, June 11, 1679. Unable to assist him, being himself indebted for pecuniary assist- ance to his friend . . . . . 1 97 Pepys to M. Morelli, September 25, 1679. Requests Morelli to refresh his memory of early life, as to being a priest, &c. . . ; . . 198 Mr. Pearse to Pepys, Bruxelles, October 18, 1679. Accompanies the Duke of York to Flanders. Arrival at Antwerp. Brussells. Rotterdam. The Hague: the palace there .4 . , . 200 Pepys to Mr. Skinner, October 24, 1679. Appears to CONTENTS. 41 meet his trial, but no prosecutors appear. His unfor- tunate position as regards further prosecution Page 203 Pepys to the Duke of York, January 6, 1679-80. Ex- presses his acknowledgments to the Duke of York for kind offices in regard to his accusers . . . 204 Pepys to Mr. Povey, February 25, 1679-80. Requests Mr. Povey to visit his servant, then dying, and take his confession. (This servant had been made use of as his accuser.) ...... 206 Pepys to Rev. Dr. Littleton, March 4, 1679-80, on the same subject ..... 208 Pepys to M. Morelli, March 27, 1680. Discovery of the disgraceful practices employed to injure him . . 208 Pepys to his Father, March 27, 1680. Account of his servant retracting his charges of popery against him 210 Dr. John Turner to Pepys, May 20, 1680. Account of the papal editions of the Bible, by Sextus Quintus and Clement VIII. ... . . .212 Mr. Tim. Turner to Pepys, June 20, 1680, on his remark- able recovery from illness . . . .215 Pepys to Mrs. Skinner, July 1680, on his release from imprisonment in the Tower .... 216 Pepys to Mr. Howe, July 8, 1680, on the same subject 217 Pepys to Dr. Littleton, July 21, 1680. Interests himself to procure the living of St. Martin's for the Doctor 218 Mrs. Ursula Pepys to Pepys, July 23, 1680, expressive of her thanks for his kindness to her nephew . 218 Dr. Gale to Pepys, Augusts, 1680, requesting Pepys's application to the Duke of York respecting himself . 222 Dr. Gale to Pepys, August 5, 1680, informing him of the death of Dr. Layfield Prebendaryship of St, Paul's promised to him . . . . 224 Mr. Joseph Maryon to Pepys, August 14, 1680, entreat- ing his interest with Dr. Peachell for a probationership at Cambridge . . . . 226 42 CONTENTS. Pepys to Dr. Peachell, August 14, 1680, soliciting the probationership for Mr. Maryon . . Page 228 Dr. Peachell to Pepys, August 19, 1680, on the same subject . . . . . . 230 Dr. Gale to Pepys, August 20, 1680, on his wife's illness . . . . .232 Dr. Peachell to Pepys, August 24, 1680, on the pro- bationership for Mr. Maryon . . . 233 Dr. John Turner to Pepys, August 26, 1680, respecting the papal editions of the Bible . . . 233 Pepys to Dr. Peachell, August 28, 1680, on the prac- tice in elections at Clare Hall . . 235 Pepys to Dr. Turner, September 3, 1680, respecting the papal editions of the Bible . . . 236 Pepys to Mr. J. Houblon, October 2, 1680, on the recovery of the arrears due to him for his public service ...... 238 Mr. Hewer to Pepys, October 28, 1680. Account of the occurrences at Tangier. Proceedings in Parliament respecting the Papists and Titus Oates's Plot . 239 Mr. James Houblon to Pepys, October 30, 1680, on the discovery of the Popish Plot . . . 244 Pepys to Mr. Hewer, November 2, 1680, on the fright in Mr. Hewer's family from fire at a neighbour's house. Comment upon Lord Rochester . . . 245 Pepys to Mr. James Houblon, November 14, 1680. His gratitude to a friend of Mr. Houblon, to whom he wishes to give his picture .... 247 Mr. Hewer to Pepys, November 15, 1680 Account of the King's answer to the Address of the City of Lon- don, and his behaviour to the Commons upon their carrying up an Address . 250 Mr. Hewer to Pepys, November 16, 1680. Family arrangements subsequent to the death of Pepys's CONTENTS. 43 father. Proceedings in Parliament on the Exclusion Bill . . . ... Page 253 Mr. Sheridan to Pepys, December 18, 1680, recom- mending Dr. Wood as mathematical master at Christ's Hospital ...... 256 Mr. Povey to Pepys, December 29, 1680, on the same subject ...... 260 Pepys to M. Morelli, January 15, 1681, acknowledging the receipt of some music . . . .261 M. Morelli to Pepys, April 4, 1681, accompanying some music . . . . . .263 Mr. T. Teddiman to Pepys, May 9, 1681, relating the duel between Mr. Roberts and Mr. Drew . . 263 Mr. Maryon to Pepys, August 8, 1681, informing him of the death of Sir Thomas Page, and of the vacant provostship of King's College .... 265 Pepys to Mr. Maryon, August 10, 1681, stating his reasons for declining the provostship . . 266 Mr. Maryon to Pepys, August 12, 1681, on the same subject ...... 269 M. Morelli to Pepys, August 15, 1681, acknowledging the receipt of some money .... 270 Pepys to Colonel Legg, August 16, 1681, respecting the provostship of King's College . . . 27 1 Mr. J.Hill to Pepys, Sept. 1, 1681, Flanders threatened by the French, and the sufferings of the Protestants in France . . . . . 274 Mr. Hill to Pepys, November 3, 1681, on the same subject . . . . . 2/6 Mr. Scott to Pepys, November 4, 1681, the use of Sir Jonas Moore's book at Christ's Hospital . . 278 Mr. Houblon to Pepys, December 12, 1681, on his arrangement with Lady Littleton respecting his daugh- ter . 279 44 CONTENTS. Pepys to Sir R. Southwell, January 21, 1681-2, thank- ing him for some rarities . . . Page 280 Sir R. Southwell to Pepys, February 24, 1681-2, a sketch of his mode of living . . . . 281 Pepys to Mr. J. Houblon, March 14, 1681-2, respect- ing the health of the King and the Duke of York. 282 Mrs. St. Michell to Pepys, April 4, 1682, respecting their mutual friend Madame Jackson ' . . 282 Pepys to Mr. Parry, April 7, 1682, respecting Samuel Edwards's admission into Christ's Hospital . 285 Pepys to Sir J. Frederick, May 2, 1682, on the choice of a mathematical master for Christ's Hospital . . 286 Mr. Hewer to Pepys, May 6, 1682, his remarks on the death of Sir W. Jones, on Admiral Herbert's peace with Algiers, administration of naval affairs . 289 Mr. Houblon to Pepys, May 13, 1682, loss of the Gloucester frigate and the courage of the Duke of York 291 Pepys to Mr. Hewer, May 19, 1682, on the Duke of York's government in Scotland. Comments upon the naval commissioners . , . -.. . 294 Mr. Hewer to Pepys, May 25, 1682, on the conduct of the naval commissioners, and the burning of the guard- ship, the Henry . . . ... . . 299 Dr. Wood to Pepys, June 17, 1682, on naval archi- tecture . .... 301 Pepys to Colonel Legg, July 13, 1682, informing him of the death of Sir Jonas Moore . . . . 303 Dr. N. Vincent to Pepys, July 27, 1682, respecting his " Conjectura Nautica " . . . . 304 Pepys to Mr. H. Thynne, December 1, 1682. relating to the MS. copy of " The Pedagogue " in the King's library ... . . . . 306 Dr. N. Vincent to Pepys, December 11, 1682, describ- ing his " Cryptocovianicon " or secret mode of writing 308 CONTENTS. 45 Pepys to Dr. Vincent, December 23, 1682, on the same subject . . . . Page 311 Dr. N. Vincent to Pepys, December 26, 1682, on the same subject . . . .316 Dr. N. Vincent to Pepys, January 10, 1682-3, same sub- ject, with his opinion of the Exclusionists . .317 Dr. Vincent to Pepys, April 26, 1683, offering him a newly discovered copy of the " Philosophia Mag- netica," . . . . . . 319 Pepys to Dr. Trumbull, May 9, 1683, returning thanks for the loan of some books .... 322 Sir W. Petty to Pepys, July 3, 1683, on his invention of a double-bottomed ship .... 322 PEPYS'S DIARY OF HIS VOYAGE AND RESI- DENCE AT TANGIER, 325456. Memoranda and Minutes of his departure from London 325 Mr. Houblon to Pepys, August 11, 1683, relating to the voyage, and to the imprisonment of the Jews by the Inquisition in Portugal .... 328 Pepys to Mr. Houblon, August 16, 1683, the delays on his voyage ..... 334 Want of discipline in the fleet. Make the land. Vari- ations in the reckonings. Causes of disobedience among the captains ..... 337 Mr. Charles Russell to Pepys, October 7, 1683. His opinion of the importance of Tangier . . 385 Accident to Lord Dartmouth, the commander of the ex- pedition . . . . . . 388 Pepys to Mr. Houblon, October 14, 1683, describing the landing at Tangier, and Lord Dartmouth's govern- ment there . , . . . .394 Roguery among the officials. Pepys recommends the 46 CONTENTS. abolition of carrying money. Reflections on the want of discipline . ... Page 357 Pepys to Messrs. Revesby and Hodges, offering them his services . . ... . . 415 Pepys to Mr. Houblon, October 19, 1683. Progress of the destruction of Tangier . . " -417 Pepys to Dr. Gale, October 19, 1683. His opinion of the project for the destruction of Tangier . . 420 Captain Wylde to Pepys, October 1683, describing the method of staining calicoes in India . . . 422 Progress of the destruction of the Mole . . 423 CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. MR. HOUBLON to Pepys, December 3, 1683. Remarks on Spain. On Algernon Sidney's imprisonment. State of affairs on the Continent . . Page 1 Mr. Houblon to Pepys, persuading him to return to England . . . . . .5 Pepys to Lord Dartmouth, December 25, 1683, in- forming his Lordship of his arrival in Cadiz . 6 Mr. Sheres to Pepys, December 29, 1683, on the Duke of Monmouth compelling the Duke of York to pardon him . . . .-. . .7 Pepys to Lord Dartmouth, January 1, 1684, giving the opinion of the Spanish merchants in regard to Tangier 8 Pepys to Lord Dartmouth, January 5-15, 1684, com- plaining of his progress being interrupted by the inces- sant rains . . . . . .9 Pepys to Lord Dartmouth, February 3-13, 1684, inform- ing him of the great floods in Spain. Description of Tangier . . . . . .11 Custom in the navies of England, France, and Holland, as to the conveyance of specie, and its consequences . 14 48 CONTENTS. PEPYS'S JOURNAL IN SPAIN. Mr. Stringer to Pepys, February 29, 1684, destruction of property in Seville after the rains . . Page 31 PEPYS'S JOURNAL OF HIS VOYAGE FROM TANGIER TO ENGLAND . . . . . .33 Pepys to Lord Dartmouth, April 6, 1684, informing him of the public opinion of his lordship's administra- tion at Tangier . . . . .43 Lord Dartmouth to Pepys, April 6, 1684, thanking him for his communication and for his kindness to him . 44 Lord Dartmouth to Pepys, April 8, 1684, complaining of the attempts of the Admiralty to lessen his com- mand . . . . . .45 Mr. Hewer to Pepys, April 8, 1684, on the disrespect of the Admiralty towards Lord Dartmouth . . 46 Sir Peter Pett to Pepys, May 11, 1684, respecting the patent of King's waste . . . .48 Mr. Warner to Pepys, March 11, 1685, account of the loadstone . . . . . .49 Mr. J. Houblon to Pepys, March 16, 1686, translation of the Dutch book on ship-carpentry . . 50 Sir P. Pett to Pepys, December 2, 1686, relating to his intention of becoming a candidate to represent Rochester . . . .. . .51 Sir R. Southwell to Pepys, December 11, 1686, acknow- ledging his son's obligations to Pepys . . 54 Sir P. Pett to Pepys, December 12, 1686, requesting Pepys's assistance in the Rochester election . . 54 Lady Wyborne to Pepys, January 1, 1686-7, with a present of a velvet carpet . . . .54 Sir John Wyborne to Pepys, January 14, 1686-7, com- plaining of his treatment at Bombay . . 60 Same date, sends Pepys a present from Bombay . 63 CONTENTS. 49 Sir J. Wyborne to Pepys, January 20, 1686-7, describ- ing the character of the inhabitants of Bombay Page 64 Mr. A. Tilghman to Pepys, February 10, 1686-7, in- forming him of the death of Mrs. Michell . . 64 Lady Tuke to Pepys, March 2, 1686-7, respecting Signer Cefache's singing . . . .65 Sir P. Carteret to Pepys, April 11, 1687, on the naval affairs of France, the projected harbour at Grand- vffle , . . . . .67 Sir Samuel Moreland to Pepys, April 23, 1687, on his inventions . . . . . . .69 State of the Grammar School of Christ's Hospital, April 26, 1687 71 Sir R. Southwell to Pepys, April 29, 1687, acknow- ledging his kindness in obtaining the release of a mas- ter of a ship from his imprisonment in France . 73 Mr. Mills to Pepys, May 16, 1687, requesting the favour of his interest in procuring him the prebendary- ship of Westminster . ?:". . .75 Sir R. Southwell to Pepys, May 23, 1687, account of the release of two men from slavery in Algiers . 75 Mr. James Houblon to Pepys, June 4, 1687, his reasons for opposing a rupture with the Algerines . .77 Mr. Houblon to Pepys, June 6, 1687, upon the prizes taken by the Turks, with his advice in the event of a war with Turkey ."..-. . . .79 Mr. Hill to Pepys, June 18, 1687, an account of the States of Holland farming the Customs, with the regu- lations . . . . . .82 Mr. Houblon to Pepys, June 25, 1687, on domestic matters . . . ... 85 Mr. Mills to Pepys, July 12, 1687, respecting the dis- solution of Parliament ." ... , . . 86 Duchess of Norfolk to Pepys, July 15, 1687, requesting him to procure her some Scotch plaid . . 86 50 CONTENTS. Mrs. Evelyn to Pepys, September 7, 1687, in behalf of Captain Fowler's widow . . . Page 88 Dr. Vincent to Pepys, November 1, 1687, requesting him to purchase for him " Labbe's Collection of the Councils " . . . . . .90 Liberty of Conscience, 1687. Dialogue between A. and B., written by Pepys's desire . . .91 Sir J. Wyborne to Pepys, January 7, 1687-8, informing him of his having condemned two ships as interlopers. Complains of his ill treatment at Bombay . 96 Dr. Gale to Pepys, January 28, 1687-8, requesting the purchase of several Greek books . . . 1 03 Josiah Burchett to Pepys, February 2, 1687-8, his desti- tution on quitting Pepys's service . . .104 Mrs. Evelyn to Pepys, March 1, 1687-8, in behalf of Mrs. Fowler ... - .l-.r- . .107 Rev. Dr. John Turner to Pepys, March 1, 1687-8, in favour of Mr. Hurst . ,...; , ,rr.. . . 108 Mr. Houblon to Pepys, March 12, 1687-8, informing him of the purchase of some tapestry . .110 Pepys to Sir R. Haddock, April 6, 1688, respecting sup- plies for the Navy . . . . .111 Pepys to Sir R. Haddock, April 10, 1681, same subject 112 Dr.Wallis to Pepys, April 20, 1688, to obtain his inter- est in favour of the privileges claimed by the Univer- sity of Oxford with regard to printing . .113 Pepys to Captain Tyrwhit, April 24, 1688, containing the copy of the King's order to Captain Tyrwhit on his going with ships to Scotland . . .117 Pepys to Captain Ridley, April 27, 1688, with a war- rant from the King to the Commander-in-chief in the Downs . n.-r._.'; . . . .118 Mr. Hewer to Pepys, May 1, 1688, requesting his opinion of the propriety of admitting more than forty boys to the mathematical school of Christ's Hospital 119 CONTENTS. 51 Mr. Hewer to Pepys, May 4, 1688, respecting the delay in disbursing the Navy payments. The Resolu- tions of the officers respecting the security of the Royal Navy at Chatham . . . . Page 120 Dr. Waller to Pepys, May 6, 1688, respecting the com- plaints of the Printers and Stationers of London against the University of Oxford .... 124 Dr. Vincent to Pepys, May 12, 1688, communicating his intention of enlarging his " Conjectura Nautica" his invention of a cipher for secret writing . . 124 Rev. J. Loton to Pepys, June 4, 1688, stating his rea- sons for not reading the " Declaration for Liberty of Conscience " . 125 Mr. R. Pepys to Pepys, June 7, 1688, entreating his intercession to be admitted into the Royal Navy . 128 Mr. Wynne Houblon to Pepys, July 5, 1688, returning thanks and acknowledgments for the present of a horse 128 Mr. S. Jackson to Pepys, July 20, 1688, relating the death of Sir John Narborough, recommending Chris- topher Mercer to Pepys * . . .130 Sir R. Southwell to Pepys, August 15, 1688, respecting the Danish ships in Ireland. Pestilence in the Eng- lish factories in the East Indies . . . 133 Mr. Hill to Pepys, August 19, 1688, account of the Nacelles, or " Constitutions of the Emperor Justinian." Preparations of the Dutch fleet . . .135 Mr. Stock of Dover to Pepys, August 25, 1688, re- pecting the expected war between Holland and Spain, and its probable effect upon English mercantile affairs 137 Pepys to Sir R. Holmes and the Mayor of Harwich, Sep- tember 1, 1680, on the subject of erecting a custom- house at Harwich . . * . . 140 Pepys to , September 1, 1688, respecting the elec- tion for Harwich, in 1688 . . . .142 52 CONTENTS. Pepys to the Mayor of Harwich, September 8, 1688, on the subject of the election . . . Page 143 Pepys to the Mayor of Harwich, September 8, 1688, on the same subject . . . . .144 Pepys to the Mayor of Harwich, September 18, 1688, approving of the proposed custom-house at Harwich 145 Sir P. Pett to Pepys, September 21, 1688, informing him of the King's desire for him to remain at Chatham, and his wish that he should be elected member for Rochester .' . . . 152 Lord Dartmouth to Pepys, October 4, 1688, account of his proceedings at the Nore, the state of the ships of his squadron ^ . ; . . . . . 155 Lord Dartmouth to Pepys, October 5, 1688, containing a list of the necessaries requisite for his fleet, the list of ships wanting pilots .... 159 Pepys to Lord Dartmouth, October 5, 1688, proceed- ings of the Dutch fleet, embarkation of the Prince of Orange . >- . - . . . .162 Lord Dartmouth to Pepys, his opinion of the purposes of the Dutch fleet . . . . -165 Lord Dartmouth to Pepys, October 19, 1688, able state of his fleet, opinion of the necessity of a judge-advo- cate in the fleet, additions to the Navy . .166 Pepys to Captain Langley, October 27, 1688, requesting him to send an account of his demands upon the King, informing him of the death of Lord Albemarle . 170 CONTENTS. 53 Pepys to Lord Dartmouth, November 10, 1688, his comparison between the King's fleet and that of the Prince of Orange . . . . Page 1 73 Lord Dartmouth to Pepys, November 11, 1688, his anxiety respecting the ill treatment received by the King, embarkation of the Prince of Orange . 1 76 King James to Pepys, November 12,1688, inclosing his letter to Lord Dartmouth for Pepys's perusal . 178 King James to Lord Dartmouth, November 26, 1688, ordering him to seize Captain George Churchill . 179 Pepjs to the Mayor of Harwich, November 27, 1688, relating to the proposed custom-house at Harwich . 180 Lord Dartmouth to Pepys, November 28, 1688, re- marking upon the Princess Anne withdrawing from court, his project for the capture of Capt. G. Churchill 182 Lord Dartmouth to Pepys, December 30, 1688, his re- monstrances with Lord Dover. The King's writs for a new parliament. The wavering loyalty of the com- moners . . . . . . 186 King James to Pepys, November 30, 1688, ordering a yacht to be in readiness at Erith . . . 189 King James to Lord Dartmouth, December 10, 1688, informing him of the departure of the Queen for France 189 Mr. Gwyn to Pepys, December 11, 1688, assembling cf the Lords at Guildhall for offering the government to the Prince of Orange . . . . .190 Lord Dartmouth to Pepys, December 14, 1688, his embarrassments at the time of the King's flight, his account of the scarcity of provisions for the fleet, his grief on the King's withdrawing from Court, his ap- plication to the Prince of Orange. Removal of the papist officers in the fleet. Compassion for the Ca- tholic officers and soldiers at Portsmouth . .191 Lady Sussex to Pepys, December 18, 1688, respecting a yacht to carry her to Calais. Account of her . . 198 VOL. I. C 54 CONTENTS. Pepys to Mr. Russell, December 22, 1688, in reply to the Prince of Orange's orders respecting the disposal of the fleet . . . Page 199 Lord Dartmouth to Pepys, December 28, 1688, com- plaining of not being informed of public affairs . 200 Lord Dartmouth to Pepys, December 29, 1688. His opinion of the necessity of sending ships for the pro- tection of the Guernsey and Jersey islands. Of the im- propriety of retrenching the navy . . .201 Messrs. Hughes and Dunlope to Pepys, complimenting him for his exertions in providing religious service for the navy. Describing the causes of the general dis- repute of naval chaplains. Proposed remedies . 203 Pepys to Lord Dartmouth, January 2, 1688-9, offering his services to his Lordship .... 210 Captain Russell to Pepys, January 4, 1688-9, convey- ing the Prince's order for the fleet to remain at the Nore . . . . . . .211 Lord Dartmouth to Pepys, January 7, 1688-9, inclosing his letter to the Prince, requesting permission to pay his personal respects to him . . . .213 Pepys to Lord Dartmouth, January 8, 1688-9, informing his Lordship of the Prince's objection to his leaving his post . * . . . . 213 Pepys to the Navy Board, April 27, 1689, with the warrant for the disbursement of a bill for carved work done for the Admiralty by order of King James . 214 Mrs. Frances Skinner to Pepys, June 10, 1689, en- treating him to forgive the ungrateful conduct of her son 215 Mr. J. A. Houblon to Pepys, July 9, 1689, declining an invitation to dinner .... 216 Mr. James Houblon to Pepys, July 9, 1689, on do- mestic affairs . . . ... . 217 Pepys to Mr. J. Houblon, July 10, 1689, on domestic affairs . CONTENTS. 55 Mr. J. Houblon to Pepys, July 1 1, 1689, on the same subject , . . . . Page 219 Sir J. Williamson to Pepys, July 23, 1689, inclosing an early instance of countersigning, with reasons for the adoption of the practice . V . . 221 Mr. N. Hawer to Pepys, August 2, 1689, in apology for neglecting a promise ' ,--< " 222 Mr. Balthasar St. Michel to Pepys, August 6, 1689, inclosing a letter from his son . . '*.' . . 223 S. St. Michel to Balthasar St. Michel, August 2, 1689. Account of the defence of Londonderry against the army of James ..... 224 Sir E. Beash to Pepys, August, 1689, explaining his dis- tress, and entreating Pepys's bounty . . 226 Nath. Hawer to Pepys, September 12, 1689, respecting the mathematical scholars of Christ's Hospital . . 227 Mr. Evelyn to Pepys, October 4, 1689. Sits for his picture to present to him, his night visions, his opinion of the causes of the corruptions in, and addi- tions to, the English language, his plan for the im- provement of it . .j ; ' ! . 229 Pepys to Sir A. Deane, advising a cheerfulness of dis- position -. ... 238 Peter Skinner to Pepys, November 12, 1689. Account of the sinking of the St. David . ' . .239 Mr. Charles Pepys to Pepys, December 9, 1689. General esteem in which the King's officers regard Pepys . 240 Mr. Hawer to Pepys, December 29, 1689. Account of the origin of Christ's Hospital school . . . 242 Mr. Kneller to Pepys, January 16, 1689-90. His paint- ings. Wax casts from portraits . . . 243 Pepys to Sir E. Seymour, February 1689-90, respecting his serving in Parliament . . -^ ?; . ^46 Pepys to Sir R. Holmes, February 8, 1689-90, re- questing his interest in the election for Harwich . 248 c2 56 CONTENTS. Pepys to Mr.Hoare, February 15, 1689-90, in favour of Mr. James Houblon's being returned member of Par- liament for London .... Page 248 Pepys to Dr. Sloane, January 12, 1698-9 on returning thanks to the East India Company in the name of the Royal Society . . . . . .251 Pepys to Dr. Sloane, March 14, 1698-9, respecting some East India plants ..... 253 John Dryden, Esq. to Pepys, July 14, 1699. His edition of Chaucer's " Good Parson " . . . . 254 Pepys to John Dryden, Esq. July 14, 1699, on the same subject . .... . . 255 Pepys to Dr. Sloane, Aug. 10, 1699, on a case of charity 257 S. Pepys, Esq. to , January 2, 1699-1700, return- ing thanks for a New Year's gift . . 258 Pepys to Dr. Sloane, January 8, 1700-1. His opinion of admitting Monseigneur Bellesino to the Royal Society 259 Pepys to Mr. Wanley, April 7, 1701. Death of Charles II. of Spain . . . . . .261 Pepys to Mr. Wanley, April 10, 1701. Account of Henry Aldrich. Mr. Wanley' s proposition of a general survey of all the public libraries in Europe, his col- lection of ancient poems .... 263 Pepys to Mr. Wanley, April 14, 1701. Publications of Tho. Rymer. Thanking for the loan of the Isidore " 266 Pepys to Dr. Sloane, October 14, 1701 His thanks for the loan of a sermon ..... 269 Pepys to Mr. Wanley, Nov. 8, 1701. Remarks respect- ing John Daille, the French theologian . . 270 Pepys to Mr. Wanley, May 17, 1702, respecting a picture . . . . . .271 Pepys to Dr. Sloane, June 24, 1702, thanking him for the loan of a book ..... 272 Pepys to Dr. Sloane respecting the " Receuil Astrono- mique" . . I . . 273 CONTENTS. 57 Pepys to Dr. Sloane, July 31,1702, returning a jewel. Page 273 Pepys to Dr. Sloane, regarding an appointment to meet him . V . . . . . 274 Pepys to Dr. Sloane. Account of the doctor being created a baronet, his correspondents ' . . 276 Pepys to Mr. Wanley, September 17, 1702. His appli- cation to Dr. Smith for Mr. Wanley to see the library of Sir J. Cotton -. '. ' .. . .278 Pepys to Mr. Wanley, September 24, 1702. Funeral of Sir J. Cotton. The abjuration oath . . .281 Pepys to Mr. Wanley, 1702. Dr. Shadwell's marriage with an actress ... . 282 Pepys to Mr. Wanley, October 4, 1702 M. DaiUe's " Use of the Fathers." Quotation from the Chronicon of Victor Tununensis ... . . 283 Pepys to Mr. Wanley, October 6, 1702. A letter of thanks . J . . . . . 285 Pepys to Mr. Wanley, October 8, 1702. Mr. Dundas's performance . . *-. . . . 286 Pepys to the Rev. J. Hudson, October 10, 1702, in- forming him of Mr. Dundas's performance . . 287 Pepys to Mr. Wanley, October 11, 1702, his wish to see the Essay of " Men before Adam " . . 289 Pepys to Mr. Wanley, October 20, 1702, the imperfect translations of the Bible . . . .290 Sir A. Deane to Pepys, October 29, 1689, regarding his wish to retire from the army . . . .291 PEPYS'S CORRESPONDENCE WITH MR. EVELYN. March 1, 1676-7, requesting Evelyn's company to exa- mine papers concerning the religion of Charles II. . *262 October 2, 1685, on the same subject, with Mr. Evelyn's note upon it . ./._-. . *263 August 30, 1689, Mr. Boyle's portrait by Casaubon . *265 58 CONTENTS. August 14, 1694, illness in his family, his opinion of Mr. Wotton. The inscription on the Bishop of Oxford's monument. Collection made of the public and pri- vate manuscripts of the country by the virtuosi of . Oxford Page *265 Mr. Evelyn's reply, his opinion of the Attic Nights. Of the authors of his day . . . . *269 Pepys to Mr. Evelyn, November 7, 1694, concerning an infirmary for seamen to be erected at Greenwich . *272 Pepys to his Nephew, November 19, 1700, advising him as to his conduct while at Madrid. The King of France declaring his grandson, the Duke of Anjou, King of Spain *275 Pepys to his Nephew, December 3, 1700, his opinion of his staying at Cadiz. Advises him to be in Madrid at the time of the new King's entry there. Remarks on the fickle loyalty of the Spaniards. Election of the new Pope ...... *280 Pepys to Mr. Evelyn, June 7, 1701, concerning his in- tended removal to Surrey .... *283 November 19, 1701, same subject . . . *284 December 24, 1701, respecting Mr. Evelyn's grandson's intended tour on the Continent . . . *285 Mr. Jackson to Mr. Evelyn, May 28, 1703, informing him of Pepys's death. Account of his complaint . *290 June 5, 1703, the funeral of Pepys . . . *292 APPENDIX. M. Morelli to Pepys, 1674, on his being compelled for his religion to quit London for Brentwood . . 293 M. Morelli to Pepys, April 11, 1681, respecting Pepys's illness ....... 294 M. Morelli to Pepys, November 23, 1686, soliciting CONTENTS. 59 him to procure him an appointment in the chapel of James II. ..... Page 296 Daniel Elzevir to Sir Joseph Williamson, November 23, 1676, respecting Milton's manuscripts .. . 297 Daniel Elzevir to Mr. Daniel Skinner, February 19, 1677, respecting Milton's manuscripts . . . 301 W. Perwich to William Bridgman, Esq. March 15, 1677, respecting Mr. Daniel Skinner's contumacious treat- ment of the College of Oxford . . :;;,,. : ... . 303 Thompson's advertisements, respecting Colonel John Scott's killing John Butler . = , . . 304 Sir William Petty's " Advice to Mr. Samuel Hartlib for the advancement of some particular parts of Educa- tion." Projects for improving the general system. His reasons why poor children should be trained to ingenious industry. Proposes the erection of a " Gym- nasium Mechanicum/' or College of Tradesmen. Of a " Nosocomium," or College of Health. Describes the books to be used in his system of education , . 306 Sir W. Petty to Sir R. Southwell, August 20, 1681, his arguments respecting the resurrection, his com- parative list of the population, dead and living, of the world. Political anatomy of Ireland . . . .'. . . 317 Hubard Cran to a Minister of the Elector of Branden- burgh, November 5-15, 1688, giving an account of the Prince of Orange's voyage from Holland to Torbay, and landing there with his fleet .!..',> v'--* 320 King James II. to his daughter the Princess of Orange, November 1687, containing an account of his con- version to the Catholic Church. Account of Chris- tianity . . . . . . . 322 Marquis d'Albeville to King James II. October 30, 1688, respecting the Prince of Orange's passage to Eng- land . 327 60 CONTENTS. Marquis d' Albeville to the King, informing him of his unpopularity in Holland . . . Page 329 Marquis d' Albeville to the King, October 31, 1688, informing him of the popularity of the Prince and Princess of Orange in Amsterdam. Design of the Prince in coming to England .... 330 Marquis d' Albeville to Lord Sunderland, October 31, 1688, departure of the Dutch fleet for England . . 331 Lord Dartmouth to the King, November 5, 1688, giving an account of the proceedings of the English fleet at sea . . . . . .332 Lord Dartmouth to the King, November 11, 1688, informing him of his zeal in his service . . 336 King James to Lord Dartmouth, November 12, 1688, advice to him respecting his preparing his fleet against the Dutch . . . . . .337 , his warrant for his Lordship's use . . 338 Lord Dartmouth to the King, November 13, 1688, unsuccessful in meeting with the Dutch fleet, his grief at the misfortunes of the King . . . 339 Lord Dartmouth to the King, November 15, 1688, informing him of his intention of setting sail to seek the Dutch fleet . . . . .341 Marquis d' Albeville to Lord Preston, November 16, 1688, advertisements sent to the Prince of the readiness to receive him in England Proceedings of the Dutch fleet. The Prince's manifesto .... 342 Marquis d' Albeville to Lord , November 26, 1688, Dutch men-of-war sent to protect the Prince's fleet. Town of Amsterdam complain of the expense of levying soldiers for the Prince of Orange . . 344 King James to Lord Dartmouth, November 29, 1688, ill-condition of his affairs in England, desiring him to protect the squadron. Endorsement by Pepys to this letter ... 347 CONTENTS. 61 Lord Dartmouth to the Lords Spiritual and Temporal at Guildhall, December 15, 1688, informing them of his having suspended hostilities with the Dutch fleet, and addressed himself lo the Prince of Orange . Page 349 Lord Dartmouth to the Prince of Orange, December 20, 1688, his opinion of the necessity of putting garri- sons in Jersey and Guernsey .... 350 Lord Braybrooke's account of Pepys's imprisonment on the abdication of King James . . . .351 Pepys to Sir Peter Palavacini and the other Gentlemen who bailed him on his release from prison, October 15, 1690 . ... . . .352 Pepys's account of Mr. Meheux's singular memory . 352 Mr. Evelyn's letter to Pepys .... 353 Pepys's Correspondents ..... 354 Gregory King's account, in his letter to Pepys from Dresden, of the ceremony of investing the Elector of Saxony with the Order of the Garter . . . 355 De Charlett to Pepys, November 17, 1696, respecting Mr. Wanley. Account of that gentleman . . 356 Mr. Wanley appointed to examine the coins, medals, and MSS. in the college of Oxford . . .357 Duke of Anjou (Felipe Vto.), account of his entry into Spain as King . . . . . .358 Froissart, his biography, by Thomas Johnes, Esq. . 360 Isidore, writings of ..... 363 Leland, his researches among the antiquities of Eng- land. Recommendatory letter for him . . 364 Bishop of Avranchcs, account of his singular perform- ances in writing small characters . . . 365 Praeadamites, works on the existence of . . . 367 THE LIFE, JOURNALS, AND CORRESPONDENCE OF SAMUEL PEPYS, ESQ. INTRODUCTION. THE family of Pepys had resided* at Diss, in the county of Norfolk, till, in the six- teenth century, a younger branch removed to Cottenham, in the county of Cambridge, a town distinguished in the British Peerage as giving title to a law-learned Pepys, the present Lord Chancellor. From this young- er branch descended John Pepys, a tailor, who resided in London till about the year 1660, when, having inherited a small estate, he retired to Brampton, in the county of Huntingdon. There he died in 1680, having * According to Lord Braybrooke. 64 MEMOIRS OF for several years survived his wife Margaret, by whom he had six sons and five daughters. Of these, three sons and one daughter were all that were living in 1659. Samuel, the eldest surviving son, and the principal subject of the following work, was born February 23, 1632, at Brampton, ac- cording to Dr. Knight,* though Lord Bray- brooke has named London as his birth-place. Of his boyish days there are few memorials, except that they were generally passed in the metropolis. Dr. Knight has deservedly distinguished Samuel Pepys among the scho- lars at St. Paul's school, with whose Benefac- tores Bibliothecce (1675) he is honourably en- rolled. In this institution he appears, from a passage in his own Diary, to have remain- ed a scholar on Dean Colet's foundation, at least till he had reached the age of seven- teen ; inasmuch as, in alluding to his having attended the execution of Harrison, the regi- cide, in October 1660, he refers to his having previously witnessed that of King Charles himself, and expresses an apprehension that his old schoolfellow, Mr. Christmas, might recollect the words he had made use of on * In his Life of Culet. SAMUEL PEPYS. 65 the latter occasion, viz. that were he to preach the King's funeral sermon, his text should be, " The memory of the wicked shall rot." Luckily, however, for Pepys, Mr. Christmas's memory was not so tenacious, as he apprehended ; or rather having left the school, and Pepys in it, before that pe- riod, that gentleman merely retained an in- distinct recollection of his friend's having been " a great Roundhead when a boy." At what time he quitted school for the University is not precisely ascertained, but his name, as a sizar, occurs early in the year 1660, on the boards of Trinity College, Cambridge ; though, previously to the com- mencement of residence, March 5, 1651, he had removed to Magdalene. There he was successively elected into two scholarships. How far the academical life of Pepys had extended, cannot now be ascertained. It must have concluded before October 1655, in which month he married Elizabeth St. Michell, a native of Somersetshire, whose father is described as being of a good family, and whose mother is said to have been de- scended from the antient one of the Cliffords of Cumberland. Their daughter, married at 66 MEMOIRS OF the age of fifteen, however morally or intel- lectually endowed, was utterly unportioned. Thus Pepys, just entering into life, would in a great measure depend for occasions of profit- able exertion, or even for the means of sub- sistence, on the generous aid of a relation in a higher condition. This was. the celebrated Sir Edward Montague, who, having served with reputation in various departments under the Commonwealth and the Protectorates, had seasonably conciliated the exiled Stuart, whose speedy restoration he had foresight enough easily to anticipate. To his cousin's good offices at this critical period, and to his continued friendship in after life, Pepys owed, as he gratefully acknowledged, his future advancement. What particular situation he occupied in Sir Edward Montague's service, he has not explained. It was during this period, how- ever, (March 26, 1658) that he was cut for the stone, an operation happily attended, in his case, with remarkable success ; the anni- versary of which event he ever after devoutly observed. The next year (March 12), during the frail and evanescent authority of the second Protectorate, he embarked in the SAMUEL PEPYS. 67 Naseby, to accompany Sir Edward, then " one of his Highness the Lord Protector's coun- cil, Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, and General at sea," on his expedition to the Sound. Returning to England, he was em- ployed in some office over which that emi- nent time-server, Sir George Downing, pre- sided, a person described by Anthony Wood as " a sider with all times and changes." It was in the first day of the following year (Jan. 1, 1659-60), that Pepys commenced his well-known Diary, given to the world, to- gether with a portion of his correspondence, by Lord Braybrooke, in 1826. Occasional reference to that work will not be without its use in illustrating the inedited Journals and Correspondence since discovered and de- cyphered, and now first submitted to the public in the present volumes. At the time when he first began to record the transactions of his life, Pepys appears, from his own account, to have been acting like Bassanio, and " showing something a more swelling port than his weak means would justify." Although describing him- self and his wife as living in Axe Yard, with a single female attendant, he seems 68 MEMOIRS OF yet to have managed to induce a belief abroad that his circumstances were in a more flourishing condition than the truth would warrant, being, as he observes, " esteemed rich, but indeed very poor ;" and it is ques- tionable whether a clerkship to the council, which Sir George Downing's interest pro- cured him in the same month, added in any material degree to the improvement of his finances. He himself does not, at all events, seem much impressed with gratitude to the patron abovementioned, whose motives for exerting his interest in his favour he more than insinuates were of a very selfish nature. At this period, too, Pepys was serving, either in person or by proxy, in a military charac- ter, though, probably, as a mere private in a city militia of some description, as he men- tions, among other facts, upon one occasion, the receipt of twenty-five pounds for what he calls his " trooper's pay." - Appearances were, at this time, exciting very rapidly, among those hitherto discordant parties, the Episcopalian Royalists and the outwitted Presbyterians, the mutual desire and expectation of a speedy return to the ancient form of government. Sir Edward, SAMUEL PEPYS. 69 soon to become Earl of Sandwich, a prac- tised courtier, was already preparing to throw away his well-worn mask, while his protege was not a whit behind him in discarding, sans ceremonie, any of the republican pro- pensities of his youth which may have yet lingered about him, as we find him on the anniversary of the Martyrdom engaged in singing Montrose's lines on the execution of Charles, which the noble poet is said to have written with the point of his sword, and which Pepys had probably set to music him- self. On the fatal event which occasioned them, he might perhaps have indulged in reflections somewhat similar to those of a late philosophic historian. " The notion," says Godwin, " was every- where prevalent, that a sovereign could not be called to account, could not be arraign- ed at the bar of his subjects. f And the vio- lation of this prejudice, instead of breaking down the wall which separated him from others, gave to his person a sacredness which never before appertained to it. Among his own partisans, the death of Charles was treated and was spoken of as a sort of dei- cide. And it may be admitted as an uni- VOL. I. D G 70 MEMOIRS OF versal rule, that the abrupt violation of a deep-rooted maxim and persuasion of the human mind, produces a re-action, and urges men to hug the maxim closer than ever. I am afraid that the day that saw Charles pe- rish on the scaffold, rendered the restoration of his family certain." At this time Samuel Pepys was twenty- seven years old. His good-fortune was now advancing, pari passu, with the promotions of his noble patron, who was, in the February of this year chosen one of the Council of State. With the earliest information of this preferment, Pepys hastened down to Hinch- ingbroke, accompanied by Mr. Pierce. They found, however, that Sir Edward had already started for London on the very day of the appointment. Pepys it seems, while engaged on this jour- ney, indulged pretty freely his academic and convivial propensities ; and in the account he has left behind him of the loyal pota- tions of himself and friends as he passed through Cambridge, together with the al- tered character of the language and deport- ment of his old companions at the " Three Tuns" and Magdalene College, has admit- SAMUEL PEPYS. 71 ted, or rather invited, posterity behind the scenes, to view in their undress one descrip- tion of politicians, who were extremely active in promoting the Restoration and preparing to welcome with every kind of excess their " most religious King," a title invented for Charles II. by Episcopalian churchmen, and of which Bishop Burnet, in language becom- ing the decorum and piety of his character, has detected and deplored the gross and shameless misapplication. It is right, how- ever, to add, that some of the advocates for the original insertion, and the retaining of this epithet in our Liturgy, maintain that the word " religious" is simply meant to con- vey the primitive signification of the Latin adjective from which it is derived, " religio- sus" sacred. On the 2nd of March Sir Edward Montague was joined in commission with Monk as one of the " Generals at sea," and procured Pepys the appointment of secretary to himself and his colleague, a post of which he was not a little proud, especially when in his warrant he saw himself, for the first time in his life, designated as " Samuel Pepys, Esquire." We find him acting in his new capacity G 2 72 MEMOIRS OF early in the succeeding month, accompany- ing his patron on board the Naseby, and assisting him in preparing the fleet for the sudden transfer which was so soon to take place in their allegiance. May opens with a still nearer prospect of the Restoration, and describes the writer's interest (now rapidly advancing) in the good opinion of his patron, who confides to him his knowledge of the King's declaration from Breda, and his letter to the two generals, to be communicated to the fleet ; at which pe- riod many letters appear to have passed be- tween the King and Montague without the privity of Monk. When the commanders of the different vessels were eventually summoned to hear these documents, Pepys, in his official capa- city of secretary, was made the organ of communication, and read the papers aloud upon the quarter-deck, a communication which he describes as having been much more generally agreeable to the sailors than to their officers. His time now seems to have been pretty fully occupied under Sir Edward Montague, whose confidence he un- questionably enjoyed, and by whom he was SAMUEL PEPYS. 73 frequently consulted. Thus favourably situ- ated for correct and minute observation, the worthy secretary did not fail to remark, and to record, all those curious and amusing par- ticulars which he has detailed so much at length, including the loyal genuflexions of the good men and true at Deal, the newly- awakened piety of " our parson," the scarlet waistcoats, the trumpets, and the fiddlers, and the arrival of Captain Titus, to notice what room there will be for the King's entertainment. This Captain, or rather Colonel Silas Titus, was gentleman of the bedchamber to Charles, thus rewarded as the reputed au- thor of "Killing no Murder,"* a widely ex- tended pamphlet, which ably and artfully recommended the assassination of Cromwell. Thus also Bate, the Protector's physician and the author of "Elenchus," was rewarded * " Briefly discoursed in three questions, fit for public review ; to deter and prevent single persons and councils from usurping supreme power. By William Allen. The real author was Captain, afterwards Colonel Silas Titus, celebrated for his speech in Parliament in favour of exclud- ing the Duke of York from the throne. There is prefixed an address " To His Highness Oliver Cromwell," in which the writer ironically displays to him ** the great honour he shall acquire in dying for the people." 74 MEMOIRS OF soon after the Restoration, by the appoint- ment of chief physician to Charles, on the credit, according to Wood,* of his friends' report, that he, by a dose given to Oliver, had hastened him to his end. Hence, as was written of Marvel, " Whether Fate or Art untwined his thread, Remains in doubt." Another part of his avocation seems to have been the pulling down the State's arms in the fleet, and sending to Dover for painters to set up the King's, while his patron gave order for weighing anchor ; which done, my Lord and his secretary set sail, encouraged by the expectation of a speedy return with a precious freight. After passing a week at the Hague " mer- rily enough," Sir Edward and Pepys reim- barked in the Naseby, there to await the royal pleasure ; and on the 23rd of May, the King, with his two brothers, the Queen of Bohe- mia, the Princess Royal, and the Prince of Orange, came on board, upon which occasion Pepys kissed the hand of the King, Queen, and Princess. * Athena Oxonienses. SAMUEL PEPYS. 75 Dryden, that " tuneful spendthrift," who lavished the " courtly dew " of his adulation " on titled rhymers and inglorious kings," and whose venal laurels ** Now grace a Cromwell's, now a Charles's brows," has celebrated in his Astr&a Redux, this royal visit to the fleet, and the consequent metamorphosis which took place on this oc- casion, of the names of some of the ships, especially of that which the secretary was now on board, when " The Naseby, now no longer England's shame, But better to be lost in Charles's name, Receives her lord." Pepys may well be excused for some mi- nuteness in describing, as he has done, that novelty in his experience, a tete-a-tete with a King, one, too, especially endowed with conversational talents beyond the usual re- sults of a royal education. During the voyage home, Charles, who was always fond of narrating his almost miraculous escape after the battle of Wor- cester, repeated the whole story more than once to Pepys, as given in the collection of the Boscobel Tracts, printed some few years 76 MEMOIRS OF since by Mr. Hughes ; and, if we are to believe his auditor, he was himself as frequently affected even to tears by his sensitive ap- preciation of the difficulties and dangers which the royal fugitive had encountered. He had also the honour at this time of writing, in his Majesty's name, the first and only pass which Charles ever signed in the ship to which he had stood god- father. On his landing at Dover, Pepys, Mr. Man- sell, (probably Mr. Francis Mansell, the Brighton merchant of that name who had taken so prominent a part in procuring the vessel that carried the King over to Fescamp,) a footman, and one of Charles's favour- ite dogs, had a boat to themselves ; after which, he was present when the Mayor pre- sented to the King, from the town, a very rich Bible,* which he loved above all things in the world. In this passage, Pepys has added another to the many examples recorded by Defoe, * John Reading, minister of Dover, according to Wood, " spake a short speech to his Majesty, at his landing, and presented to him a large Bible, with gold clasps, in the name of the corporation. 1 " Athen. OJLOH. SAMUEL PEPYS. 77 among whose writings is one entitled " Royal Religion : being some Inquiry after the Piety of Princes :" in which the author enu- merates various contrivances of " court cere- mony," as " handsome, general ways of treat- ing God Almighty civilly." On the 25th of May, Pepys returned to the Charles, and, after dinner, casting up his accounts, found himself to be worth near 100/. being not, clearly, worth 251. when he first went to sea, exclusive of his house and goods. After witnessing Montague's investment with the George and Garter, by the King at Arms, and accompanying his patron on a pleasant excursion by land, he finally quit- ted the Charles. Early the following morn- ing he took horse from Deal, and, on the succeeding day, reached Whitehall. On the 29th of June Pepys obtained his warrant appointing him to the office of Clerk of the Acts ; and in the July of this year he took the degree of Master of Arts, by proxy, which cost him 9/. 16s. We find him, moreover, on the 24th of Sept. sworn in as Justice of the Peace for the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Kent, and Southampton ; an appointment 78 MEMOIRS OF which much gratified him, although he con- fesses that he was wholly ignorant of the du- ties of the office. In his Diary of this year, he notices the introduction of tea into England : " I did send for a cup of tea, a China drink, of which I never had drunk before." More than twenty years later, tea was deemed a rarity, and a very acceptable present. Thus, Dr. afterwards Bishop Burnet, writing to Madam Wharton, December 8, 1682, says : " I never found anything so good for a head- ache as tea is, when taken in great quanti- ties ; and, having a parcel of extraordinary tea sent me, I presumed to present Mr. Wharton with a pound of it. If he brings it down, and you like it, I will furnish you with more when that is done. I believe the drinking a great deal of it, that is, five or six cups at a time, and that twice a day, will do your head as much good as anything what- soever." At the close of the year 1660-1, Pepys was living in one of the houses belonging to the Navy Office, in his capacity of one of the principal officers, of that establishment, and was, as he says, in a " most handsome and thriving condition." SAMUEL PEPYS. 79 Pepys appears to have shared the general alarm at the insurrection of the fanatics, known by the name of millenarians, in the City, in July of this year. Such a general con- sternation, indeed, was caused by them, that business was put a stop to, and the shops were closed. Even the Lord Mayor, with all the force of train-bands which he could muster, was resisted by these zealots, though support- ed by the King's life-guards. Twice they broke through the City gates, even in open day, and killed about twenty men. Few of them would receive quarter, and their cry was, " King Jesus ! and their heads upon the gates !" At this very time, the court of the Merry Monarch, as he is termed, exhibited so much emulation, poverty, and the vices of drinking, swearing, and loose amours, that Pepys observes it foreboded nothing but confusion. In July 1662, Pepys was sworn in as young- er Brother of the Trinity House. At the exe- cution of Sir Harry Vane on Tower Hill, Pe- pys was present, and has left us an interesting account of it. Sir Harry, it seems, made a long speech, during which the Sheriff, with almost inconceivable brutality, repeatedly in- 80 MEMOIRS OF terrupted him, and he and his attendants even attempted to snatch the paper out of his hands. They moreover ordered the trum- pets to sound under the scaffold, to drown his voice. Sir Harry Vane thereupon, with becoming resolution and fortitude, submitted to his fate. It has been justly remarked, that no single act of Charles II. has left so foul a stain upon his memory as his having sought the execution of Sir Henry Vane. Yet that he did this, there re- mains among the Lansdowne MSS. evidence in his own autograph, which cannot be con- troverted. About this time, great apprehensions were entertained by all parties of a war with Hol- land. Orders were given to select twenty ships for immediate service, though, as Pepys observes, the Government was not able to prepare even five ships without considerable difficulty, having neither money, credit, nor stores. " This I take to be as bad a juncture," says Pepys, " as ever I observed : the King and his new Queen minding their pleasures at Hampton Court ; all discontented ; some* that the King do not gratify them enough ; SAMUEL PEPYS. 81 others, fanatics of all sorts, that the King do take away their liberty of conscience; and the heighth of the Bishops, who, I fear, will ruin all again." Pepys, at this period, appears to have ap- plied himself assiduously to the discharge of the duties of the Navy Office. In his Diary ? he notes, under the date July 2. " To my office, to read over such instructions as con- cern the officers of the yard, for I am much upon seeing into the miscarriages there ; not one -third of their duties performed. But I perceive, to my great content, Mr. Coventry will have things performed." He was also induced, at the suggestion of Mr. Lewis, to direct his attention to the then existing abuses in regard to the chest at Chatham. In the month of August of the same year, the Act of Uniformity came into ope- ration, and such of the Presbyterian minis- ters as did not conform were ejected from their livings. Pepys was desirous of hear- ing Dr. Bates's farewell sermon at St. Dun- stan's. The doors were not yet open when he reached the church, so he walked an hour in the Temple garden close by. At 82 MEMOIRS OF eight o'clock, he tells us, he crowded in at a back door, the church being almost half full before any doors were open pub- licly. The Doctor's text was the last of He- brews, 20th verse, " Now the God of Peace, that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting cove- nant, make you perfect in every good work to do his will, working in you that which is well-pleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ ; to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen :" from which he made a very good sermon, " but very little reflections in it to anything of the times." After dinner, he went to St. Dunstan's again, and found the church quite crowded before he came there at one o'clock. Dr. Bates pursued his text again very well, and only, at the conclu- sion, made these observations : "I do believe that many of you do expect that I should say something to you in refer- ence to the time, the last time that pos- sibly I may appear here. You know it is not my manner to speak in the pulpit any- thing extraneous to my text and business; yet this I shall say, that it is not my opi- SAMUEL PEPYS. 83 nion, fashion, or humour, that keeps me from complying with what is required of us, but something, after much prayer, dis- course, and study, yet remains unsatisfied, and commands me herein." Most of the Presbyterians took their leave of their con- gregations on this day, which caused much dissatisfaction in the City. By the interest of Lord Sandwich, Pepys was, about this time, put into the commis- sion, with a great many persons of consider- ation, relating to the business of Tangier. Pepys's condition was now one of much comfort, for he says he had no crosses, but only much business to trouble his mind with. In all other respects he was a happy man, for the whole world seemed to smile upon him ; which he attributed almost wholly to his temperance, having made a vow against wine and plays, by which he was enabled to apply himself steadily and contentedly to his business. By an entry in his Diary of July 26, 1664, we find that Pepys was "overjoyed in hopes that, upon that month's account, he should find himself worth WOOL besides the rich present of two silver and gilt flaggons, which 84 MEMOIRS OF SAMUEL PEPYS. Mr. Gauden had given him." Lord Sand- wich, also, who had just gone to sea, had before his departure showed him many marks of respect and confidence. In March 1665, the war with Holland was proclaimed, and we find Pepys with the Lord Treasurer, giving an account of the charge of the Navy, and want of money: and, in the succeeding month, he tells us that he was at Whitehall, where the King called to him by name, and discoursed with him on the state of the Navy. I end this month, says Pepys, in great content as to my estate, in much trouble as to the pains I have taken, and the rubs I expect about the business of Tangier. At the same time we have a hint of the first indications of that awful calamity which soon after began to devastate the metro- polis, and which, from the severity with which it raged, and the desolation it caused, has ever since been known in our annals by the terrible distinction of the " Great Plague." " Great fears of the sickness in the City, it being said that two or three houses are already shut up. God preserve us all !" CORRESPONDENCE. MR. COVENTRY* TO THE DUKE OF ALBEMARLE. [Transcribed by Pepys.] Giving the first account of our fight with the Dutch. Seven leagues from the Texel, bearing E.S.E. Wind at W.S.W. MY LORD, June 4, 1665 ; 8 o'clock p. M. MY last to your Grace was from Solebay, giving you an account of our having sight of the Dutch fleet, f Since that, on the 3rd instant, we engaged * Afterwards " SIT William Coventry, the Duke's secre- tary, a very industrious man in business, very capable, and much in his favour by reason of his great ability." See " Life of James II. collected out of memoirs, writ of his own hand, from the original Stuart MSS. 'in Carlton House. By Rev. J. S. Clarke," (1816,) ii. 398. t " On the morning of the 30th of May, his Royal Highness ordered the signal for sailing again; but with all his en- deavours he could not, till the 1st of June, reach South wold Bay. He came to an anchor there, and about one o'clock in the afternoon the Dutch appeared to windward. " Their fleet consisted of one hundred and thirteen ships of war, of all rates, divided into seven squadrons, eleven fire-ships 86 COVENTRY TO them at half-an-hour past three in the morning. And whereas they might have had the wind of us two days together, it pleased God yesterday to give it us,* and we kept it all day. They made one board towards the English shore, (which was the first pass,) with intent to get and seven yachts ; the whole commanded by Opdam, who (though a man of quality and personal courage) was no great seaman. The two fleets did not yet make up to one another, for the English require some time to put themselves in order of battle ; and, besides, they expected the return of some of their great ships, gone but that very morning to make up their complement of men out of a great fleet of colliers, then passing by, and bound for London. " The next day, the Dutch were not to be seen till about ten in the morning ; when the Duke, having a fresh gale, stood towards them with thirty of his best sailors, but thought fit to keep at about two leagues' distance till all his fleet should be joined, and put in order ; which being done, he advanced for- wards, so that, a little before the close of the evening, both fleets were got within two little leagues of one another. " About two of the clock next morning, the Dutch were dis- covered lighting their matches, and consequently preparing themselves for the fight. They had the same order of battle as the English, all upon a line. As the day broke, there arose with it a little fresh gale at S.W. which was a very proper one for the approaching engagement; towards the better success of which, the Duke, with great care and labour, made a shift to get the wind. The white squadron had the van, and Sir Chris- topher Mings, who fired the first shot, led it ; whilst the Dutch were led on by three flag-ships. About three in the morning, the dispute began briskly on both sides." Life of James II. \i, 406408. * Pepys says, " the Dutch lost the benefit of their fire-ships by neglecting greatly the opportunity of the wind." THE DUKE OF ALBE&IARLE. 87 the wind upon the next tack, which they en- deavoured ; but finding his Royal Highness's and the Earl of Sandwich's* squadrons to windward, beyond what they could weather, they bore up to leeward of Prince Rupert, who stood in closer to them in the pass. After that, they stood on their course towards their own shore, without tacking, but without any appearance of running, till, our fleet bearing up closer to them, they began to grow weary of it. At last Opdam's ship blew up,f which con- * Of whose services, on this occasion, I copied the following royal acknowledgment from the original in the British Museum (Ayscough, 1519, No. 97) : MY LORD SANDWICH, Whitehall, June 9, 1665. " THOUGH you have already done me very eminent ser- vice, yet the great part you have had in this happy victory which it hath pleased God to send us, adds very much to the former obligations I have to you. I send this bearer, my Lord Hawley, on purpose to let you know more particularly my sense of it ; and will say no more myself till I see you, that I may take you in my arms, and give you other testimonies how truly I am " Your affectionate friend, " CHARLES R." " For the Earl of Sandwich." f- " The Duke, finding himself within musket-shot of Opdam, ordered his master-gunner to give him a salute, in the usual form, gun after gun, and to lay all the guns himself, but to begin with those of the lower tier. The gunner so well 88 COVENTRY TO tributed not a little to the expediting the victory which it pleased God to give us. We followed it, till it was dark, with continual firing upon them by some ships or other ; and burned (with our fire-ships) seven of their great ships, they being fallen foul one of another. Two which we had taken we fired, also ten great ships ; because they either clog us in the pursuit, or be in danger of being retaken by some of their straggling ships, of which we saw six or seven coming, as we thought. By this means we continued the pur- suit with the main of the fleet, and kept so near all night as that we fell upon them again early in the morning; they continuing to run in several parts. Some plied away (as we judge) for the Maze, who I think are not followed by any, being few, and gotten in too far off to be fetched up. The rest were pursued, part by Prince Ru- pert and his squadron, and part by his Royal Highness's and Lord Sandwich's squadron, which both met at the Texel this morning, where the Dutch ships could not get in, the tide being con- trary ; but they stood in so near the shore, that we durst not adventure in with the great ships, and shattered in our masts, sails, and rigging as we are, executed his office, that, at the third shot, Opdam and his ship blew up. At which terrible sight the enemy's fleet all gave way." Life of James II. &c. ii. 413. THE DUKE OF ALBEMARLE. 89 lest we should not be able to bear sail to get oft" upon a shift of wind. If we had had a few fireships left,* we might have done very good service upon them, as I con- ceive; but they are all now gone in, that is, about forty-two or forty-three ships. Some others went away towards the Flief as we judge, who (I think) were not pursued by any, or at least not by any- thing considerable, so that I believe they will escape. By some of the prisoners we learn that almost all their flag-officers are killed, Opdam, Tromp, and Cortenaer ; and others tell us Stelling- worth and Schram; so that, till De Ruyter come home, they have nobody to command a fleet but Everson, to which the Hollanders will not willingly submit. The victory hath not been obtained without considerable loss on our part, though no ships lost unless the Charity, which we think was taken early in the morning ; but most of our ships are shattered, and will require considerable repairs in their masts, sails, and rigging. We have lost several commanders that we know of already ; as, the Earl of Marlborough, Rear-admiral San- sum, Captain Kirby of the Breda, and some say Captain Ableson of the Guinea. What more we * " We had, in all, but four fire-ships belonging to the fleet." Life of James II. &c. ii. 418. t " Vieland, an island in the German sea." Crutwell. 90 COVENTRY TO hear of, time must tell us, the fleet being not all come together as yet. But, above all, we lament the loss of the Earl of Falmouth, who, together with Lord Muskerry and Mr. Boyle, were killed with one shot. My Lord Portland, who was a volunteer with the Earl of Marlborough, is also killed. Sir. J. Lawson is wounded on the knee with a piece of iron ; some bones have been taken out, and we all hope (this day) there is no danger.* When he was hurt, he sent to his Royal Highness to send some commander to command the ship ; which his Royal Highness supplied, commanding Captain Jordan to leave the St. George, and to go on board the Royal Oak, who immediately brought her into service again, and did very gallantly with her. We cannot learn any good reason why the * His wound, however, proved mortal. Pepys says, " June 25. To Greenwich by water, thinking to have visited Sir J. Lawson ; where when I come, I find that he died this morning, and indeed the nation hath a great loss." " Sir John Lawson, the son of a poor man at Hull, rose," says Granger, " by regular gradations to an admiral. He was in all the actions under Blake, who saw and did justice to his merit. A man of excellent sense, he made the justest observations on naval affairs ; though he retained much of the bluntness and roughness of the tarpaulin. The Algerines, who had erected piracy into a system of government, were compelled by him to submit to a more disadvantageous peace than they had ever made with any of the states of Christendom. Though in his heart a republican, he readily closed with the design of re- storing the king." Biog. Hist. (1775,) iii. 386. THE DUKE OF ALBEMARLE. 91 Dutch did not engage us while they had the wind, which certainly was a very great folly. The}' had a great fleet, and very great and brave ships, better than were expected to have been found ; but it pleased God to give us the wind, (by keeping which, their fire-ships, they so much relied on, became ineffectual,) and to blow up their admiral, which so disabled those that were near him, that I believe it contributed very much to the victory. I hope the conse- quences of it will be greater than we yet imagine, though, by former experiences, we must not expect that they will yield thus. Therefore, I beseech your Grace to give order for the pre- paring all manner of supplies for a shattered fleet; and because I believe Harwich and the river of Thames may not be sufficient for that, for the despatch of all we may need, it is offered to your Grace that some part of our recruits of stores may come from Portsmouth. Your Grace shall very suddenly have an account to what place the fleet will come. In the mean time be pleased to order the pre- paring and loading of what is ready, that so no time be lost. Be pleased to order the officers of the Ordnance also to load with all possible dili- gence what stores they can of all sorts, for we have spent a vast quantity of ammunition ; some ships all their stores. If they would also send good store of clerks from their office to survey 92 COVENTRY TO ALBEMARLE. the stores remaining on board so soon as we come to the English coast, it would, doubtless, prevent a great deal of embezzlement. That which adds to this happy victory is the safety of his Royal Highness's person.* I am, my lord, Your Grace's most humble and obedient servant, W. COVENTRY.! By discourse his Royal Highness hath had this day with some of the commanders, I judge the Downs the most probable place for our first arrival on the English coast, or at least for our continuing any time ; but of that your Grace shall have a farther account. * " Which had been in no small peril ; as he stood beside the Earls of Falmouth and Muskerry, and Mr. Boyle, killed with one shot." See supra, p. 90. t To this letter is annexed the following notice, evidently by Pepys: "This copy of Mr. Coventry's letter I took myself, the Duke giving it me, before he himself had read it, to read and copy." Pepys further describes the Duke of Albemarle " like a man out of himself at the great news. By and by comes a letter from Mr. Coventry, which he never opened ; a strange piece of indifference, on such a time and occasion, hardly possible." Evelyn, after noticing his visit " to the Royal Society to refresh among the philosophers," thus refers to the subject of this letter. rd Chancellor ;f an act wherein I cannot inform your Lordship more, touching the grounds of it, than that -its doing is generally imputed to reasons delivered the King by Sir W. C. J (who I know do not spare to assert the requisiteness of it), with the concurrence at first of his Royal Highness, though afterward it proved not so pleasing to him, but that he is said to have endeavoured the preventing it when it was gone too far. The matters that take up most men's observa- * See Grey's "Debates in the House of Commons, from 1667 to 1694." (1663) i. 1. t Clarendon, "Aug. 31." Brit.Chron. i. 265. Evelyn writes : " Aug. 27. Visited the Lord Chancellor, to whom his Majesty had sent for the seals. I found him in his bed-chamber very sad. The Parliament had accused him, and he had enemies at court, especially the buffoons and ladies of pleasure, because he thwarted some of them, and stood in their way : I could name some of the chiefs. *28. I dined with my late Lord Chancellor, where also dined Mr. Ashburnham and Mr. W. Legge of the Bed-cham- ber ; his Lordship pretty well in heart, though now many of his friends and sycophants abandoned him." t Sir William Coventry. It was " Edward Seymour" who "exhibited articles of accusation," followed by an impeach- ment " of high treason at the bar of the Lords." Brit. Chron. i.266. 120 PEPYS TO LORD SANDWICH. tions at present are the proceedings of the Com- missioners of the Treasury, whose tax, and a great one it is to provide it, is to provide for the paying of the fleet and the other navy debts. To which end they are reduced to the seeing all ways of rais- ing and saving monies. Towards the latter of which they are likely to make a good step by the reductions of charge they seem to design through all the parts of the kingdom's expense, from which they are likely to contract from parti- cular persons much envy; but I do not see but the generality are not only well contented with their proceedings, but look upon them as persons proper to redeem the nation by the right adminis- tration of its treasury. And that which increases their hopes is, the countenance given them by the King in cases where powerful solicitations have not been wanting to oppose them. Among these commissioners Sir. W. C.* seems the principal, as he is at this time, I think, in al- most everything else ; though, since the Chancel- lor's fall, he hath parted with his relation to the Duke of York. And I must confess my obser- vations on all his proceedings will not suffer me to think otherwise of him than (what I have always professed to your Lordship) as of a man of no less justice and severity in general, and of no inclinations of disservice to your Lordship in par- ticular ; as I see confirmed by some late instances, * Sir William Coventry. PEPYS TO LORD SANDWICH. 121 which I have communicated to my Lord Crew, and others of your Lordship's friends. Nor hath the Vice-chamberlain any reason to conclude longer that the opposition he hath formerly met with from him sprung from any singular ill-will of his to him ; my Lord Anglesey, his successor, having already felt more effects of his unkind- ness (if it must be termed so), in the loss of his having the payment of the victualler, than ever the Vice-chamberlain did in all his time. This I thought requisite to say upon this matter, from my opinion of how great value it would be to your Lordship to have a better understanding with this gentleman, especially in the condition to which fortune, or rather his abilities, have raised him. The same discourse I am bold to take oppor- tunity of preaching to my Lord Crew and Mr. Vice-chamberlain, to whom I am not forgetful to communicate whatever I can judge of use to your Lordship, and receive the like from them; and particularly do at present contribute what I can towards forwarding your Lordship's return home, (which were certainly much to be wished on behalf of your Lordship and family), or the obtain- ing certainer supplies of money than ever your Lordship hath of late had, or the present state of the treasury will, without great solicitations I fear, prompt the commissioners to the settling of. Towards which, however, and everything else re- 122 LORD IIINCHINGBROKE TO PEPYS. lating to your Lordship's service, I beg the con- tinuance of your Lordship's belief that I will ever be as industrious as faithful. The enclosed I am desired by the writer to give cover to your Lordship ; and shall add of my own concerning him, that I am so well informed of his civil and commendable manner of employing his time (as a student in Gray's Inn) that I believe your Lordship will be inclined, at your return, to receive him into your favour again. My conclusion shall be (as it ought) my wishes of constant prosperity to your Lordship, and the tender of my utmost services in all that may con- duce thereto, as being, May it please your Lordship, Your Lordship's most obedient and faithful servant, S. PEPYS. LORD HINCHINGBROKE TO PEPYS. December, 9, 1667. THERE being a letter of exchange come, of about 250 8s. payable to the Spanish ambassador within four or five days, my father having writ* very earnestly that it may be punctually paid, and Mr. Moore f having not any way to procure it, * From Spain. f The intercourse of Pepys with this public functionary (who had some occupation in the office of the Lord Privy Seal) was very frequent from their first appearance together, " Jan. 2, 1659-60," where we read, " Mr. Moore, and I, and PEPYS TO LORD HINCHINGBROKE. 123 makes me take the liberty of troubling you to desire your assistance in it. If you can with any convenience do it, you will do a great kindness to my father and me, who am, Dear cousin, Your most affectionate cousin and humble servant, HINCHINGBROKE.* PEPYS TO LORD HINCHINGBROKE. My LORD, Dec. 9, 1667. MY condition is such, and hath been ever since the credit of the Bang's assignments was broke by the failure of the bankers,f that I have not been able, these six months, to raise a farthing for answering my most urgent occasions. I am heartily afflicted for this difficulty that is upon your Lordship, and if upon my endeavours with the bankers I can procure any money, I will another gentleman, went out and drank a cup of ale together in the new market, and there I eat some bread and cheese for my dinner." Again, "Aug. 18, 1661. At night, fell to read in Hooker's " Ecclesiastical Polity," which Mr. Moore did give me last Wednesday, very handsomely bound, and which I shall read with great pains and love for his sake." * Endorsed by Pepys, " Dec. 19, 1667 ._ 60/. this day lent my Lord of Sandwich." t To this subject Pepys has alluded several times during this year, 1667. Thus, " June 23," he mentions " the King's declaration, in behalf of the bankers, to make good their assign- ments for money ;" which, he adds, " is very good, and will, I hope, secure me." 124 PEPYS TO THE LORD H[GH ADMIRAL. not fail to give your Lordship it ; being very de- sirous of the preservation of my Lord's credit, as well as for all his other concernments. Your Lordship's obedient servant, S. PEPYS.* PEPYS TO THE LORD HIGH ADMIRAL.t Navy Office, Jan. 8, 1669-70, MAY IT PLEASE YOUR ROYAL HlGHNESS, I BEG leave of presenting your Highness with this transcript of what lately went from me to the commissioners of accounts in the general behalf of this office. Concerning which, having not on other occa- sions spared the opening to your Royal Highness * Rawlinson, A. 171. t James, Duke of York. Prefixed to a memorial (of fifty pages) addressed by Pepys " to the Right Honourable the Lords and others, Commissioners appointed by Parliament for taking the account/' &c. Dated Navy Office, Nov. 27, 1669." Pepys had travelled abroad during the autumn preceding, as appears from the following commencement of the memorial : " The trouble your Lordships will receive from this paper, is grounded upon what (since my return into England) I find to have in my absence passed between your Lordships and the officers of the navy touching certain observations by you made upon some proceedings of theirs, in reference to the late management thereof." These eighteen observations, Pepys proceeds to recite, having " summarily digested" his " recol- lections" into suitable answers, " not neglecting the faithfullest helps, either from memory, papers, or books." PEPYS TO THE LORD HIGH ADMIRAL. 125 what, in its management, bath appeared needing your notice and correction, your Highness will not, (I assure myself,) be displeased with my present endeavours in its defence in matters chal- lenging the same. Which, with what I have since added, in par- ticular right to myself,* is, in all humility, sub- mitted to your Royal Highness's censure and * In a memorial to the same commissioners dated Navy office, Jan. 6, 1669-70," Pepys had thus written: " To give your Lordships a summary account of the methods wherein I have, in my particular .place, (as clerk of y 6 Acts,) endeavoured "to discharge my duty to his Majesty, in diligence of attendance, effects of my performance, and uprightness in both, give me leave to say : " That, for what respects my diligence, as no concernments relating to my private fortune, pleasure, or health did, at any time (even under terror of the plague), divide me one day and night from attendance on the business of my place, so was I never absent at any public meeting of the board, but on the special commands of the Lord High Admiral, and that not thrice during the three years of the war. To which let me add, that in my endeavours after a full performance of my duty, I have neither made distinction of days between those of rest and others, nor of hours between day and night, being less ac- quainted during the whole war with the closing my day's work before midnight than after it. " And that your Lordship may not conceive this to arise from any vain assumption of what may be grounded more upon the inability of others to disprove, than my own capacity to justify, such have ever been my apprehensions both of the duty and importance of my just attendance on his Majesty's service, that among the many thousands under whose observation my employment must have placed me, I challenge any man to assign, one day from my rst admission to this service, in July 12t) FORBES TO POVY. favour, by, sir, your Royal Highness's most obedient and most faithful servant, S. PEPYS. To his Royal Highness the Lord High Admiral of England.* t FORBES TO POVY4 SIR, Copenhagen, May 7, 1670. I WRITE not so much out of justness to my word and promise, as to that friendship I have had with you, which I shall endeavour to preserve and nourish by all means. Therefore I earnestly beg I may be esteemed your friend, till you find I forfeit the title I so much covet to deserve. I am sorry you were not in town when I came away, that I might have had your advice about 1660, to the determination of the war, August 1667, (being a complete apprenticeship,) of which I am not, at this day, able upon oath to give an account of the particular manner of my employing the same." Harleian MSS. 2751. * Ibid. f " A gentleman of very good quality, at present with my Lord of Essex, as a companion in his embassy." Mem. by Pepys. \ M. P. (1658), for Bossiney, with whom Pepys had ex- changed very free communications. Thus, " June 23, 1667," he says : " In the evening comes Mr. Povy, about business ; and he and I to walk in the garden an hour or two, and to talk of state matters. He tells me his opinion, that it is out of possi- bility for us to escape being undone ; a lazy prince, no council, no money, no reputation at home or abroad." FORBES TO POVY. 127 something proposed to me that morning I parted. I am confident had you been at home I had not come this voyage ; but there is no remedy, and I am very well satisfied I am here. After ten days tossing at sea, (sometimes cross winds, at others great calms) we arrived before Cronberg Castle,* the entry to the Sound. And because our entry has made already a great noise, and will yet make much more through all Europe, I will give you an exact account of all that has passed. You must know that the late King of Den- mark,! made an order that no ship should pass the Sound without striking. This was confirmed by the young King, and strict orders given to the governor of the castles, that all ships should pay this homage to him. My Lord Ambassador,;); * " Situated on a point of land on the west coast of the Sound. Queen Matilda" (sister of George III.) " was imprisoned here" (in 1772) "before she was removed to Zell. Adjoining to a royal palace, about half a mile from Cronberg, is a garden called Hamlet's garden, supposed to be the spot where the murder of his father was committed." Cruttwell. f Frederic III. to whom Pepys has thus referred : " 1665-6. March 5. News for certain of the King of Denmark's declaring for the Dutch. Aug. 24, 1667. This morning was proclaimed the peace between us and the States of the United Provinces, and also of the Kings of France and Denmark. In the after- noon the proclamations came out, and at night the bells rung ; but no bonfires that I hear of anywhere, partly from the dear- ness of firing, but principally from the little content most people have in the peace." J Earl of Essex. See supra, p. 126, n. 128 FORBES TO POVY. who was not ignorant of this order, was resolved not to obey, as you may well imagine, but within three or four miles of the castle he was forced to come to anchor by reason of a great calm. He had not been there half-an-hour, when Sir Robert Hamilton (whom you have seen in Eng- land) came aboard the yacht to give my Lord notice that the governor of the castle intended to make him strike his flag, and if he refused, to fire forty-six guns at him, with an intention to sink him. To prevent this, he proposed to my Lord three things ; to land before he came to the castle, to pass as near as he could on the other side without reach of their guns, or else to go in the night. My Lord Ambassador replied, that he was not ashamed of the King of England's flag, and there- fore would not go by in the night, nor one foot out of his way ; and that he would rather choose to be sunk a hundred times, than do anything that might reflect upon the King his master's honour. The next morning we set sail, and held as near the castle as we possibly could, being just be- fore it with our flag and topsail up : we saluted, first, as usual, with seven guns. The castle re- turned with three ; but, seeing we did not strike, they fired another gun a-head, a second astern, and a third over us, all being charged with ball. It was told us before that the shooting thus was FORBES TO POVY. 129 the signal (if we refused to strike) of the forty- six guns ; but it seems they were better advised, and suffered us to come to anchor with our flag up. My Lord, with most of the gentlemen, went immediately ashore. Thence we came in wicker waggons to Copenhagen. It fell out very happily for us, that the same night we arrived, the late King was buried at Roeschild,* twenty-four miles from Copen- hagen. The first thing I did was to go to the palace, to see him lie in state, which was really very magnificent ; but the pomp and solemnity of carrying him through the city was much more. I believe there were above two thousand citizens, all in long mourning, carrying lamps and torches; several troops of horse in mourning cassocks, and twenty-four mourning coaches and six horses. The Kingf himself did follow the hearse. I did not expect to see the half of the magnificence and pomp used on the occasion. The Ambassador did refuse to make his entry, or have audience, until he had satisfaction for the affront done to him in firing guns at his pavilion or flag. This firm and courageous resolution hath startled the court mightily, but it is a bait they must swallow. Accordingly the governor of the castle of Cronberg has been here, just now, to ask pardon of my Lord, and to declare that it * Now recollected for the peace in 1658. f Christian V. who died 1699, aged 53. VOL. I. K 130 SIR THOMAS CLUTTERBUCK was not of design to do any affront to the King of England ; nor did they pretend that he should strike his flag, and that he was sorry it was inter- preted otherways. Monsieur Guildenlow* was present when this declaration was made ; I have had the honour to transact the whole business alone, with Guilden- low and the other ministers of state here. I pray you let me know, as soon as possibly you can, what they think of it in England, for I am sure the King will gain more honour and reputation in the world by it, than by anything since he was restored, and my Lord Ambassador will gain no little credit I do believe. Pray, sir, let me hear from you all news of my Lord Anglesey! an( ^ other acquaintances. Let me be informed particularly, and you will oblige me for ever. And if it be in my power to serve you here, I hope you will dispose of me, who am really, sir, your most humble and obliged servant, J. FORBES. SIR THOMAS CLUTTERBUCK^: TO PEPYS. WORTHY SlR, Leghorn, May 1, 1671. I AM now, with no small content, perusing your most affectionate and obliging letter of * " Lately here, Embassador from Denmark, base son, as I take it, of the King, and a fine gentleman." Pepys. t See infra, p. 135. J Probably the person met by Pepys, " Feb. 4, 1664, at St. Paul's School." TO PEPYS. 131 March 21, in which I read so much of a con- tinuance and augmentation of real goodness and kindness towards me, that I cannot in words express my obligations for the same. Let it suffice, for the present, that I resolve to live and die your true-hearted servant. I should esteem myself in no ordinary measure happy, could I be put on something effectually thereunto. I recommended to the care of Captain Wyld a bundle of musical cards, which I hope will prove to your entire satisfaction, having sent to Venice on purpose for them. By Captain Bowen you may expect one of the best guitars this country affords, as likewise some of our best compositions, airs, and other trifles. I now give your board the trouble of a long letter. Pray afford it your favourablest inter- pretation and protection, for you cannot imagine how ill I am treated and severely handled here, on account of the hard usage I continually find from home. I wish you all imaginable happiness, dedicating myself what I shall ever be found, in great truth, Honoured sir, Your most faithful, humble servant, THOMAS CLUTTERBUCK.* * Rawlinson, A. 174. K 2 132 DUKE OF RICHMOND* TO PEPYS. g IRj Copenhagen, July 20, 1672. I GAVE you the trouble of a letter since my being here, which I hope came safe to you. This is to desire a favour from you, that my Lenox yacht may be lengthened about six feet, for she proves an ill sailor when there runs any great sea, which hath been some hundred of pounds out of my way. I hope the order I procured before I left Eng- land, for having her on all occasions repaired on his Majesty's accompt, will be a sufficient au- thority for this ; but if not, I have written to Lord Brounker, as I now do to you, to entreat him and you to procure such an order, which, were I in England, I question not but I should obtain. Your kindness will be great if you will give yourself this trouble. I have wished myself a thousand times with you, and hope it will not be long before I shall be so fortunate as to return .-f In the mean time * Embassador to Denmark. In 1667 the Duke had mar- ried Frances Stuart, the great beauty, one of the King's mis- tresses, according to Pepys's Index. Yet in his Diary are introduced some saving clauses, vainly, unless the warning maxim be exploded, that " he comes too near, who comes to be denied." The Duchess of Richmond died in 1702. j- The Duke died during his embassy, Dec. 12, this year, 1672. EARL OF ANGLESEY TO PEPYS. 133 if I can in anything be serviceable to you, either here or elsewhere, pray command me ; for I hope you do believe that I truly am Your humble servant, C. RICHMOND & LENNOX. I have by this bearer sent you an aume* of Rhenish wine, of the year '60. I hope it will come safe to you. I have sent a letter here inclosed to the com- missioners. If you approve it, I pray seal and deliver it ; if not, burn it. I pray order her men to be paid, and provision to be put on board her. Mr. Pepys.f EARL OF ANGLESEY} TO PEPYS. MR. PEPYS, Vrury Lane, Aug. 4, 1672. I NEED not tell you how much I was surprised, by the estimative account tendered yesterday, to * A measure containing about forty English gallons. t Rawlinson, A. 174. I Arthur, Earl of Anglesey, with whom Pepys, a few years before, had been on no very friendly terms. Thus, Sept. 16, 1668, he writes: " Mr. Wren hunts me out, and gives me my Lord Anglesey's answer to the Duke of York's letter ; where I perceive he do do what he can to hurt me, by bidding the Duke of York call for my books : but this will do me all the right in the world, and yet I am troubled at it." Diary, ii. 263. The Earl of Anglesey, in 1667, was made Treasurer of the Navy. In 1673 he became Lord Privy Seal. Anglice Notitia, p. 155. The 134 EARL OF ANGLESEY TO PEPYS. find him who was cash-keeper acknowledge a remain due, and not have ready the money when the occasion is so pressing. I could neither fore- see nor prevent this ; and though I have spent most of my time since to procure the twelve hundred pounds required, and have laboured to that end in city and court, I have no further as- surance of speeding than what I send you in- closed, which I would not defer till to-morrow. When you have perused them, pray return them to me, sealed up by this bearer. Though I am clear of fault, it being apparent I never sought more than my fees, and was not concerned in the chest,* yet without your friendly prudence in this strait of time, clamour The temporising policy of this versatile statesman has at- tracted, as indeed it could scarcely fail to attract, the some- what critical attention of those unceremonious biographers, . Wood and Walpole. * " The Chest at Chatham," a department of the Naval ser- vice to which Pepys has frequently referred. Thus, " July 2, 1662, Mr. Lewes did produce a paper, wherein he stated the government of the chest, how it hath ever been abused, and what a meritorious act it would be to look after it. Which I am resolved to do, if God bless me." Again, " Aug. 23." Pepys is " getting an order from the Duke for inquiries into the chest;" and is found, " Nov. 13," in a commission for " inspecting the chest." Among the com- missioners was " Mr. Prinn," with whom the Diarist records this interview : "April 25, 1666. I to the office, where Mr. Prinn came to meet about the chest business ; and, till company came, did discourse with me in the garden about the laws of England, EARL OF ANGLESEY TO PEPYS. 135 may arise, which would to me be very unseason- able. Pray do what you can to procure what may suffice, in case I get it not to morrow morning in the way one of the inclosed bears. I and my estate shall be your pledge, and you shall for ever oblige Your affectionate friend and servant, ANGLESEY. I am promised at court my warrant shall pass within these two days. Then I shall easily clear all, if Mr. Fenne* do not. Brought to my hand at church in the after- noon. S. P. telling me the main faults in them ; and, among others, their obscurity through a multitude of long statutes which he is about to abstract out of, all of a sort ; and as he lives, and parliaments come, get them put into laws, and the other statutes repealed, and then it will be a short work to know the law." * Frequently named by Pepys. Thus, on the concerns of his present correspondent. " Nov. 13, 1668 This morning at the treasury chamber I did meet Jack Fenne, and there he did show me my Lord Anglesey's petition and the King's answer; the former good and stout, as I before did hear it, but the latter short and weak." At an earlier period "Jack Fenne" had thus introduced Pepys behind the scenes : " July 27, 1667. He tells me that the King and court were never so bad as they are now, for gaming, swearing, women, and drinking, and the most abominable vices." 136 PEPYS TO LORD ANGLESEY. Copy of the enclosed. MY LORD, I HAVE laboured in vain. About a month since my mother had 400/. by her. I will go to her to-night, and if it be undisposed, will bring it with me, and return to-morrow, which will be some help. I am Your Lordship's faithfully, Four o'clock, afternoon. Jo. FfiNNE. RIGHT HONOURABLE, Au g- 3 > 1672. MR. PETER PICKERING, scrivener in Gray's Inn Lane, will wait on your honour Monday morning, and hath promised me that he will, for your honour's ease, procure 1200/. which is all I can do at present in that concern, but subscribe myself, as I am, my Lord, Your honour's humble servant, ROBERT THORNHILL. PEPYS TO LORD ANGLESEY. [My Answer.] MY LORD, Sunday, Aug. 4, 1672. I PERCEIVE by your Lordship's, this afternoon, that that which the board found necessary to write to your Lordship since dinner, was not MR. HILL TO PEPYS. 137 come to your hand, wherein you will find that I have already been obliged to engage myself for 800/. for the chest, to the doing whereof I will assure your Lordship your particular concern- ment was none of the least inducements. More than this I am not in condition at this time to do ; but do hope (and heartily pray) that one or other of the helps your Lordship hath before you will take place. If it do not, I know not what I can possibly add to what the Board hath said in theirs, but that I do most heartily condole, not only the chest's and the King's service, but your Lordship's particular misfortune in this matter; being, my Lord, Your Lordship's most humble and faithful ser- vant, S. PEPYS. Memorandum. In the evening my Lord A. wrote to the Board in answer to theirs, wherein he undertakes the 1200/. shall be paid to-morrow morning, and accordingly it was so. S. P. MR. HILL* TO PEPYS. MY WORTHY FRIEND, Lisbon, April 14, 1673. NEXT to the letters from those excellent ladies we both admire, I never received any with so * The same, probably, who appears, " June 22, 1660," as a confidant of Lord Sandwich, and, "April 15, 1666," as an inti- mate associate of Pepys. 138 MR. HILL TO PEPYS. much ravishing delight as yours of the 10th of October. Little did I think that the curse I cast on you in drollery should take place in good earnest ; for, certainly, nothing less than love is able to inspire such noble expressions as yours when you discourse of those persons who, if any, can de- serve them all. But less you could not do in justice, for they are desperately in love with you, and sigh out their passions so charmingly, that I find strange altercations in myself, and it is hard to conclude whether to envy or pity you. Your enjoyments in their conversation can nowhere else be found, and theirs is so great when you enter- tain them, that they all acknowledge your humour the best in the whole world. Long may you enjoy these happinesses, which I should envy in my King, if he were so fortunate, but not in my friend. Your expressions of kindness for me are such that I shall always admire, but can never answer. That task I have desired the ladies to undertake ; which they may do, being as much assured of my respects for you as for themselves. I do most unwillingly mention that misfortune happening lately to your house, being unable to say anything suitably upon so sad an occasion, and less able to declare my concerns for you ; but I assure you my affliction was proportionable to that friendship you are pleased to bestow upon me. MR. HILL TO PEPYS. 139 Whilst this thought is in my mind, it may be unseasonable to mention one enjoyment I have here ; but I beg licence to tell you that we have a little concert among us, which gives us enter- tainment. We have five hands for viols and violins. Three of us use both, and all of us, except one, the viol ; but the want of music in this country obliges us to play some few things I brought from home accidentally over and over again, which wears off the relish ; so that we are forced to go a begging to our friends, as I do to you, that if you have anything new you would bestow it on us. And because Mr. Monterge (accountant to the Houblons) intends to present me some things, it may be fit to compare compo- sitions, that they be not duplicates. Mentioning music puts me in mind to acquaint you that here is a young man, born in Flanders, but bred at Rome, who has a most admirable voice, and sings rarely to his Theorbo, and with great skill. This young man lives with a noble- man, upon a very mean salary ; and having been formerly in England, most passionately desires to return thither again. If either yourself or any friend be desirous to favour an ingenious person, I know none more deserving than he. He speaks Latin, Italian, French, and Spanish ; and it is ten thousand pities to let him live here among people who will see no virtue but their own. If I were going home I should entertain him myself; for, 140 DUKE OF NORFOLK TO PEPYS. besides his parts, he is a very ingenious, and, which is more, a very good and discreet young man. I have received the whole library you bestow on me, for which I give you humble thanks. When the ships are despatched I shall have time to read a little. Pray present my services to all your kindred ; and if the King and my Aunt Maskelye afford you a minute, write me a letter. I most affectionately embrace you, and remain, dear sir, your very faithful and most humble servant, T. HILL. The little note inclosed is a receipt for a few gammons and some of our hams, which I have ordered to be got aboard the Queen's frigate. Pray do me the favour to accept these trifles.* THE DUKE OF NORFOLK f TO PEPYS. SlR, Norwich, Aug. 15, 1673. I RECEIVED yours yesterday, after my return from Rising, where my chief business was to * Rawlinson, A. 175. f " Henry Howard, (grandson to the Earl of Arundel,) a man of great good nature," says Granger, and a patron of learning; but there was nothing shining in his character. He was a considerable benefactor to the Royal Society, who assembled at his house after the fire in 1666. At the motion of Mr. Evelyn he gave to the University of Oxford the Arundel marbles, the DUKE OF NORFOLK TO PEPYS. 141 secure your service, as I had long since proposed and engaged to his Royal Highness;* for soon as I heard of Sir Robert Paston's promotion,! I needed no fresh commands to spur me to serve one I honour so much. I believe, ere this, Mr. MayJ has told you from me I was about it ; and you may depend upon it as done, though unluckily the mayor (a perfect creature I could depend upon) dying, will put us to a little trouble extraordinary ; but I think 'tis so well provided for since I was there, as nothing can start to disturb it, with all which I beg of you to acquaint his Royal Highness. And as most precious of the Grecian reliques which his grandfather possessed, and the most valuable of their kind in the world. He died in 1683." Biog. Hist. * The Duke of York. f " Who for his eminent services in the civil war, and his activity at the restoration, was created Viscount Yarmouth, 25 Charles II." Mr. Povy had written to Pepys, Aug. 31, 1672 : " It is not doubted but Sir Robert will have his pro- mised title, though I cannot hear that anything is yet done in it." Cor. p. 27. I Probably Baptist May, Keeper of the Privy Purse. He first appears, " June 8, 1665," as bringing " from the Duke of York the great news" of a naval victory. Again, " Oct. 21, 1666," in " a less honourable connexion." " Bab. May went down," says Pepys, " in great state to Win- chelsea, with the Duke of York's letters, not doubting to be chosen ; and there the people chose a private gentleman in spite of him, and cried out they would have no court pimp to be their burgess." This parliament sat from 1661 to 1678, seven- teen years, eight months, and seventeen days. Castle-Rising, in 1784, had about fifty voters. 142 DUKE OF NORFOLK TO PEPYS. soon as the house sits next, if your colleague, Sir J. Trevor,* (for whom it is most proper,) desire the writ to choose, f I ask no more charge or trouble from you but on all occasions to be freely commanded as, sir, Your most affectionate humble servant, NORFOLK, EARL MARSHAL. * Who had been elected, since 1661, on the death or retire- ment of Paston's first colleague, Robert Stewart. Sir J. Trevor was a protege, of the Duchess of Cleveland. + Pepys, as might have been expected, was a successful candidate ; a result which the following testimonial, found among his MSS., was no doubt designed, as it was calculated, to secure. " These are to certify the Mayor and Burgesses of Castle Rising, and all other persons whom it may concern, that we whose names are here subscribed, are sufficiently assured, both by the full testimony of other persons of credit and worth, to whom Samuel Pepys, Esq., Secretary of the Admiralty, is personally known, and also by the particular testimony of Mr. Daniel Mills, minister of that parish in London in which he hath long inhabited, that the said Samuel Pepys, Esq. is both otherwise a worthy person, and particularly that he hath con- stantly manifested himself to be a firm protestant, according to the rites of the Church of England, and a true son thereof. " Willam Walkner, Preacher at St. Nicholas, in King's Lynn. 1675 - I PRAY pardon me ; I am sorry I appeared so abruptly before you. I '11 assure you, a paper of the same nature with the inclosed, was left for you at the public office, some ten days since, as, likewise, for every one of the commissioners. But, Sir, I am heartily glad of the miscarriage, for now I have an opportunity to request a fa- vour, by writing, that I could hardly have had confidence by word of mouth to have done ; and in that I have much want of my friend Mr. . Sir, a gentlewoman of my acquaintance told me she had it for a great certainty, from the fa- mily of the Montagus, that as you were one night playing late upon some musical instrument, together with your friends, there suddenly ap- peared a human feminine shape and vanished, and after that continued. Walking in the garden you espied the appear- ing person, demanded of her if, at such a time, * Perhaps the " Mr. Gibbon," mentioned " Dec. 21, 1662," among a party at " my Lord's lodgings," where they had " great store of excellent music." MR. SKINNER TO PEPYS. 169 she was not in such a place. She answered no ; but she dreamed she was, and heard excellent music. Sir, satisfaction is to you my humble request. And if it be so, it confirms the opinions of the ancient Romans concerning their genii, and con- futes those of the Sadducees and Epicures [Epi- cureans]. Sir, your most humble servant, JOHN GIBBON. MR. DANIEL SKINNER* TO PEPYS. Rotterdam, Nov. 19, 1676. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR WORSHIP, AFTER an ill success in most of my designs to- wards my preferment in London, still frustrated * On perusing this letter, I was agreeably surprized to ob- serve how it would resolve, most satisfactorily, a question which had interested, during several past years, both scholars and divines. In 1823, a Latin MS. entitled " Joannis Miltoni Angli, de Doctrina Christiana, ex sacris duntaxat libris petita," was dis- covered in the old State-Paper Office. " It was found," adds Dr. now Bishop Sumner, " in one of the presses, loosely wrap- ped in two or three sheets of printed paper, with a large number of original letters, informations, examinations, and other curious records, relative to the Popish plots in 1677 and 1678, and to the Rye-House plot in 1683. " The same parcel likewise contained a complete and cor- rected copy of all the Latin letters to foreign princes and states written by Milton while he officiated as Latin Secretary; and the whole was enclosed in an envelope superscribed, " To Mr. Skinner, Merchant." As 170 MR. SKINNER TO PEPYS. in all attempts, and crossed in all my under- takings, I at last, with what confidence I know not, made my humble addresses to you, esteeming no person so able, no person so ready, to advance me as yourself; whom I found, indeed, so favour- able and countenancing, so full of candour or As soon as George IV. had entrusted to Dr. Sumner the translation and publication of this Latin MS. the learned editor, with a promptitude worthy of the occasion, pursued his re- searches respecting this very unexpected discovery. There was then, however, no documentary evidence accessible to Dr. Sumner, beyond Aubrey's well-known report of Milton's " Idea Theologiae, in MS., in the hands of Mr. Skinner, a mer- chant's son in Mark-lane." Wood, referring to a " friend," (whom Mr. Bliss, his latest editor, has ascertained to be Aubrey,) assumes, without this friend's authority, that the " Mr. Skinner, Merchant," was unquestionably " Cyriac :" though Aubrey does not so de- scribe him, but introduces another " Mr. Skinner, of the Jerker's Office, up two pair of stairs, at the Custom House." This, it is now highly probable, was Pepys's correspondent, the Skinner of whom Dr. Sumner thus wrote to Mr. Todd : " Mr. Pulman, of the Heralds' Office, is inclined to believe that he was the eldest son of Daniel Skinner, Merchant, of the parish of St. Olave, Hart-street, which parish comprises a considerable part of Mark-lane." It may be further conjectured, that the correspondent of Pepys had been for the last two years a Junior Fellow of Trin- ity College, Cambridge. In the register of that College, Dr. Sumner found the following entries : " Oct. 2, 1674. Daniel Skinner, juratus et admissus in socium minorem. May 23, 1679. Daniell Skinner, juratus et admissus in socium majorem." Mr. Todd ascertained that "Daniel Skinner had been edu- cated in Westminster School, which he left for the University, in 1670." MR. SKINNER TO PEPYS. 171 rather pity, that your granting me that access, and your readiness to do me good, has wrought as deep an impression as if immediately you had conferred on me the greatest promotion imagin- able. Thus, methought, I hugged myself a long time with the hopes of so good and great a patron ; till at last, directed by some unkind suggestion, whether (which must needs take place) egged on by many emergent urgencies, I ventured so far (oh, grand presumption !) as to beg your worship to supply me for the present with ten pounds ; not being content to remain in expectation of some undoubted favour from you, but must anticipate it by an overhasty ambition of being indebted to you; a thing, sir, that, had you known what a storm it raised within me, after a due con- sideration of what I had done, you would have sent me pardon, and would have absolved me from the guilt of so great presumption. My silence, Sir, and not waiting on you, after- wards, does, in some measure, demonstrate my sorrow, and indeed shame for such boldness; occasioned on no other account, but continual and daily hopes of receiving ten pounds of my father ; whereby I might safely approach, and make a grateful return of your worship's kindness, not being able to appear, till I could procure that. During this expectation, and in the very midst of my wishes of attaining something whereby I 172 MR. SKINNER TO PEPYS. might make a speedy acknowledgment of your worship's favour, Heaven was so propitious as to cause a letter to be sent from Nimeguen to know whether I would embrace the opportunity of being under Mr. Chudleigh, secretary to the embassy,* the same I had hopes of long ago, and for which I obtained your worship's good and gracious character of me to his Excellency my Lord Ambassador Jenkyns,| a favour I shall never forget. No sooner acquainted with this happy news, but I leaped at it. And though I went out of England without waiting on you, (Fate not per- mitting me to make those acknowledgments I would,) yet I had so grateful a design in me, as soon as I was settled at Nimeguen, to have pre- sented you with the first-fruits of my pen and labour, and to have begged your pardon in an * Afterwards " British Resident at the Hague." See " Cor- respondence of Hyde, Earl of Clarendon," (1828,) i. 163, 165. f " Sir Leoline Jenkins, born at Llantrissent, Glamorgan- shire, was," says Aubrey, " the son of an honest, plain country- man." After various offices and embassies he tc was appointed, in 1875, a plenipotentiary at Nimeguen." He died in 1685, aged 62. " Sir Leoline Jenkins, who had been left embassador at Ni- meguen, though he desired to do well, was irresolute and timid, and often as much embarrassed and perplexed about little punctilios of visit and ceremony, left to busy that embassy, as if greater affairs had still attended it; besides, he lay under the lash of Secretary Williamson, who persecuted him on an old grudge." MR. SKINNER TO PEPYS. 173 ample and satisfactory letter. But incapacity of returning your worship's due forced me to go out of England with so much disadvantage when otherwise I might have procured those recom- mendations from you as alone would have made my coming to Nimeguen most acceptable. But now, Sir, as I have of late expected the rise of my fortune from your great and good self, so still does it lie in your worship's power to retrieve the ruin that must necessarily fall on me, if not instantly, at the sight of this letter, prevented by you, and remedied. At so easy a rate may you recover my misfortunes, that is, at no greater expence than two or three words may you be the instrument of my perpetual happiness. When you have read what the matter is, you will wonder that so small a thing should obstruct my advancement. The case is thus, Sir. After a hazardous pas- sage cross the seas, though first a great expense in clothing myself for so great an appearance as this at Nimeguen, and a long, tedious, mighty chargeable journey through all the parts of Hol- land, (a country serving only to set a greater value on our own,) I at last arrived at Nimeguen, meeting with a very kind and (beyond expect- ation) fair reception from Mr. Chudleigh, though (which is the misfortune I am telling you of) I was surprised with an unkind letter which his 174 MR. SKINNER TO PEPYS. honour Sir Joseph Williamson* had conveyed before my arrival to my Lord Jenkyns concerning me. The whole business was thus : Your worship may please to remember, I once acquainted you with my having the works of Milton, which he left behind him to me, which, out of pure indiscretion, not dreaming any pre- judice might accrue to me, I had agreed with a printer at Amsterdamf to have them printed. As good fortune would have it, he has not printed one tittle of them. About a month ago there creeps out into the world a little imperfect book of Milton's State Letters,^ procured to be printed * " Keeper of the State-Paper Office; in 1665, made Under Secretary of State, and soon after knighted. In 1674 he became Secretary of State for four years. He represented Thetford and Rochester in several parliaments. In 1678, he was President of the Royal Society. Ob. 1701." Pepys (1663, Aug. 10,) had described "Mr. Williamson, that belongs to Sir H. Bennet," as " a pretty understanding and accom- plished man, but a little conceited." t Elzevir. (See infra and Appendix.} Five learned printers bore that sirname, Lewis, (of Leyden, in 1595,) Bonaventure, Abraham, Lewis, and Daniel. The last, who is here designed, died in 1680., Daniel Elzevir published at Amsterdam, in 1674, a catalogue of books printed by his family. J " Literae Pseudo-Senatus Anglicani, Cromwellii, Reliquo- rumque Perduellium nomine ac jussu conscriptse a Joanne Miltono. Impressae anno 1676." At the commencement of his short address, the anonymous editor, on the ground rather of policy than of principle, thus expresses the doubts he had long entertained, whether he should consign these papers to the flames, or to the press; MR. SKINNER TO PEPYS. 175 by one Pitts, a bookseller in London, which lie had bought of a poor fellow that had formerly surreptitiously got them from Milton. These coming out so slily, and quite unknown to me, and when I had the true and more perfect copy, with many other papers, I made my addresses to Sir Joseph Williamson, to acquaint him that there was a book come out against his authority : that, if his honour connived at that, he would please to grant me licence to print mine ; if not, that he would either suppress that little book, or give me leave to put (in the bottom of the Ga- zette) that they were printing in Holland, in a larger, more complete edition.* Now, sir, (little thinking that Sir Joseph was such an enemy to the name of Milton,) he told me he could countenance nothing of that man's writings. In his answer I acquiesced. A little while after, his honour sends for me to know what papers I had of Milton's by me, and that I should oblige him if I would permit them to his perusal ; which very readily I did, thinking that it might prove advantageous to me. And find- " Cum primum ad manus nostras has chartae pervenerunt, du- bitavi diu utrum illas praelo potius, aut flammis, committerem." * Dr. Sumner " found in the same parcel " with the MSS. a " printed advertisement," from which I quote the following notice : " Vera Literarum exemplaria, locupletiora multum, et auc- tiora, composita concinnius, et digesta, typis elegantioribus ex- cudenda stint, in Hollandid prelo cammissa" 176 MR. SKINNER TO PEPYS. ing upon this so great an access to his honour, I presented him with a Latin petitionary epistle for some preferment, either under him or by his means. His honour was pleased graciously to receive it, and in a most expressive manner to promise me any advancement that might be in his power. During this, the opportunity of going to Nime- guen happened ; and, the day before I went out of England, I went to his honour for some re- commendations. He returned me my papers with many thanks, and was pleased to give me a great deal of advice not to proceed in the print- ing of my papers at Amsterdam ; that it would be an undoubted rub in any preferments of mine : and this, he said, he spoke out of mere kind- ness and affection to me. I returned his honour many humble thanks, and did expressively en- sure him that, as soon as I got to Amsterdam, (which I took in my way on purpose,) I would return my copies, and suppress them for ever. Which, sir, I have done, and have followed his honour's advice to every punctilio. Yet, notwithstanding this, his honour was pleased (whether I shall term it unkindly or un- naturally) to despatch a letter after me to my Lord Jenkyns, to acquaint his Lordship that I was printing Milton's works, and wished them to have a care of me in the King's service ; which has put a little stop to my being employed as yet, MR. SKINNER TO PEPYS. 177 till I can write to England, and procure so much interest as to clear Sir Joseph Williamson's jea- lousy of my being yet engaged in the printing of these papers : though my Lord Jenkyns and Mr. Chudleigh are so well satisfied, after my giving them a full account of the business, and bringing my copies with me to Nimeguen, ready to dispose of them where Sir Joseph shall think fit, that they seem as much concerned at Sir Joseph's letter as I do, and have sent me here to Rotterdam at their charge, (so kind they are,) to remain here till I can write to England, and they have an answer from Sir Joseph Williamson how that his honour is satisfied; which they don't at all question but he will be when he shall hear what I have said and done. Now, may it please your worship, having given you a full and true account of the whole affair, seeing the fortune of a young man depends upon this small thing, either perpetual ruin, or a fair and happy way to future advancement ; pray give me leave to beg of you, which I most hum- bly and submissively do, that you would please instantly to repair to his honour Sir Joseph, and acquaint him that I am so far from printing anything from Milton's now, that I have fol- lowed his honour's advice, and upon due pensi- tation with myself have nulled and made void my contract with Elsevir at Amsterdam, have returned my copies to myself, and am ready to VOL. I. N 178 MR. SKINNER TO PEPYS. dispose of them where his honour pleases, either into the hands of my Lord Jenkyns, or into his own for better satisfaction ; and am so far from ever procuring a line from Milton printed, that, if his honour pleases, he shall command my copies,* and all my other papers, to the fire. And though I happened to be acquainted with Milton in his life-time, (which out of mere love to learning I procured, and no other concerns ever passed be- twixt us but a great desire and ambition of some of his learning,) I am, and ever was, so far from being in the least tainted with any of his princi- ples, that I may boldly say, none has a greater honour and ktyalty for his Majesty, more venera- tion for the Church of England, and love for his country, than I have. Once more, I beg your worship, and, with tears instead of ink that might supply my pen, I implore that you would prevail with Sir Joseph to write another letter to my Lord Jenkyns and to Mr. Chudleigh, and to recal his former, which I am sure his honour wrote merely out of jealousy that I would pro- ceed, notwithstanding his advice, in the printing of my papers ; which you see, sir, how far I am from. Though my Lord Jenkyns, Mr. Chudleigh, * These (there can be, now, no reasonable doubt,) would speedily pass into the hands of Sir Joseph Williamson, and thence, as speedily, into the obscure recesses of the State- Paper Office. See Appendix. MR. SKINNER. TO PEPYS. 179 and I do imagine Sir Joseph will be soon paci- fied when he hears this ; yet, considering how great a ruin is likely to befal me if his honour is not graciously pleased to recal his former letter, I can't but with all the utmost repeated peti- tions imaginable, nay, with as much earnestness as ever condemned man begged a reprieve, intreat your worship to immediately intercede for me, and clear Sir Joseph his suspicion of me. Not that ever I could have imagined that, after so much access and favour his honour was pleased to afford me, after my delivering up my papers to his perusal, his thanks, and multitude of kind expressions to me, his honour would have been so contrary to his candid and favourable dispo- sition to all lovers of learning and good literature as to prejudice me so much, nay, as utterly to ruin and undo me, if he is not pleased by your kind persuasions graciously to recal his former letter. And, lest I should leave any stone unturned, I have penned out a letter to his honour myself, wherein I have humbly and with great submis- sion cleared myself. Likewise Elsevir, the prin- ter, has written to him by this post.* Here, at * I have found, preserved in the State-Paper Office, the " Copy of a Letter from Daniel Elziver, Printer, at Amster- dam, to Sir Joseph Williamson, Secretary of State, relative to Milton's Treatise on Theology, and his Letters of State." It is in French, dated " Nov. 20, 1676." There is another '* Copy of a Letter," also in French, from N 2 180 MR. SKINNER TO PEPYS. Rotterdam, I shall stay till his honour is pleased to send to my Lord Jenkyns ; which I pray your worship may be the next post after the receipt of this letter, which is next Friday, which will arrive at Nimeguen the Tuesday after, God will- ing, when I shall be sent for from hence, and be received under Mr. Chudleigh with all imaginable kindness, as soon as Sir Joseph's letter arrives ; my Lord Jenkyns being mightily inclined to- wards me upon your worship's kind letter of me some time since, which character I will study day and night to make good ; Mr. Chudleigh be- ing also wonderfully kind to me upon the same account : who hope as much as I do, and they don't question it, but this little storm will blow over. Thus, sir, wholly and entirely owing the rise of my fortune to your good self, I shall be here, at Nimeguen, in a fair prospect of making my- self for ever. And, though the place is but small at present, yet, as an introduction into business, and a step to rise upon, I heartily embrace it, where I intend to have your worship's excessive kindness recorded for ever in my breast ; and hope that time will give me an opportunity to make some great acknowledgment of your never-to-be- forgotten favours. the same printer, " To Mr. Daniel Skinner, sen., Merchant, in London, relative to Milton's Manuscripts, dated D' Amsterdam, le 19 Feb. 167G-7." MR. SKINNER TO PEPYS. 181 For ever intending to pronounce and esteem you just no otherwise than the great author of my happiness, the good patron of my felicity, and, in this what I beg now, the only preserver of my life and fortune, I beg leave to subscribe myself, sir, Your worship's entirely devoted and most humble servant, DANIEL SKINNER. SIR, THE first-fruits of diligence and industry, as soon as I can compass ten pounds, (which I hope won't be long,) shall be tendered to you with the gratefullest heart in the world ; hoping that you will be so gracious as to seal my pardon for my presumption in daring to borrow it. And, if your worship will be so pleased as but to second your first character of me, in an- other letter to my Lord Jenkyns, I shall ever impute my very life your own ; and desire to live upon no other account than to serve you. Time would not permit me to use another style, for fear I should not have opened my breast to you so fully ; though from Nimeguen I intend, now and then, if your worship will give me leave, to salute you in Latin, and be continually sending you a multitude of thanks. I humbly beg your worship to send me but a word or two from your pen the very next post after this letter's reception, and some comfort in 182 CAPTAIN PROUD TO PEPYS. having prevailed with his honour Sir Joseph Wil- liamson ; for I am here just a person without a soul, and shall continue so till you are pleased, by a word or two, to infuse one into me. Your worship may please to direct it to me at one Mr. Shepherd's house, a merchant in Rot- terdam ; and, if you please, one line of recom- mendation to my Lord Jenkyns, that I may, at my return, deliver it with my own hands. And your humble petitioner shall ever pray, &cc. CAPTAIN PROUD * TO PEPYS. RIGHT HONOURABLE, Stepney, December 4, 1676. YOURS of the 2nd instant, this morning, by this bearer, I have received, and he hath seen the weight of the load-stone out of the cap to be al- most five ounces. In the cap the stone will take up some things more than five pounds' weight. I should have waited on your honour, to have presented to your knowledge, that I find by ex- perience, that the stone being in the cap doth not communicate, nor give that strength to the needle respecting the poles, as when the stone is out of the cap ; for then the needle is brought and touched at the poles of the stone, which can- not be done when the cap is upon the stone. * This name occurs, 1 667, July 23, as Clerk of the Cheque at Gravesend. MR. J. HOUBLON TO PEPYS. 183 At present a swelling in my face hinders me from the payment of my respective duty, (which belongeth unto you from all,) who am obliged to be in all readiness to serve you, in what I am able, whilst I can subscribe my name to be JOHN PROUD. The just weight of the stone taking up, being in the cap, now seen by the bearer, to be five pounds, twelve ounces, and half. MR. J. HOUBLON* TO PEPYS. SIR, May 3, 1677. To be as good as my word, I have here sent you a heap of rubbish; a thing composed ac- cording to my usual way of writing, without method or order ; however, it's at your commands * One of a family thus described : May 15, 1666. The five brothers Houblon came, and Mr. Hill, (see sttpra, p. 161. 165,) to my house, and a very good supper we had ; and good discourse, with great pleasure. My new plate sets off my cup- board very nobly. Here they were till about eleven at night ; and a fine sight it is, to see these five brothers thus loving one to another, and all industrious merchants." Lord Braybrooke has added an epitaph, " in memory of their father, written by Mr. Pepys," in Latin. James Houblon, whose father, Peter, had fled from Flanders for his religion, died in 1682, in his 90th year. He had become the father of the Exchange, had seen his five sons successful merchants, and was survived by seventy, out of one hundred grandchildren. Evelyn says, " Jan. 16, 1679. I supped with Mr. Secretary, at one Mr. Houblon's, a French merchant, who had his house furnished en Prince, and gave us a splendid entertainment." 184 MR. J. HOUBLON TO PEPYS. I did it, and I should be glad, out of such a con- fusion of matter, you may extract wherewith to build that goodly fabric intended by it, the public good, and the honour of the King, with a reasonable advantage to yourself, for the care and pains you are like to have, to pursue and finish this work here cut out for you, and which you (seeing farther than I can) will find over and above necessary, and more to the purpose. I prophesy it will be vastly great, especially in time of war, so that you are like mightily to increase the number of the papers, and never to be at rest. The difficulties will be in procuring faithful and honest intelligencers, and such who will have the wit to prevent the danger of a rope.* But now, in a stark calm of peace, 'twill be a good time to begin with them, that they may learn how to behave themselves, when they will be more useful. Instructions will be very needful for them, according to the several places where they are, and to what particular points they ought, too, to apply their industry. Holland and France are likeliest to be the chief stages where the greatest actions will be, as to us, and from whence we may fear the greatest mis- chiefs, as to the body of the state. Next, Spanish pirateers, who, of all Christians, are the most * Probably by enforcing, in the Navy, a uniformly vigilant administration. MR. J. HOUBLON TO PEPYS. 185 dangerous to the English trade, by reason of the extent of their dominions ; Ostend, &c., all the Biscay and Galicia ports, and the coast of Spain within and without the Streights, the Islands of Majorca and Minorca, the coasts of Sicilia, Naples, and the Gulf of Venice. Next them, the Turks, within and without the Streights. The less dan- gerous are the northern Princes of Sweden and Denmark, who can only be auxiliaries to the French or Dutch. I send it, sir, rough as I drew it, not thinking my foolish conceptions worth the writing fair ; but my hopes are, you will lick it into a better form for the view of those for whom you intend it, who, I hope, will have the grace to see that there is great reason to make the Secretary of the Admiralty's Office valuable to the person that enjoys it, and that as his care and industry, and the means to enable him to be truly serviceable to the King and kingdom, will require a con- siderable yearly allowance, so they will be liberal in the settling it, that he may be really above those petty advantages and sneaking perquisites your predecessors did stoop to, and which you have, to your hurt, rejected, though the King and the kingdom hath had the benefit of it ; for that ever since, the several officers and commanders have been under better discipline and more fear to offend, and I hope will be more kept to their duty by such a light, as this intelligence, when 186 MR. J. HOUBLON TO PEPYS. once established, will give you; when you will be enabled to tell them, first in private, of their offences, and forewarn them of the like, and upon a second commission to get them. I know very well, that therein will lie all the difficulty; for that most of the rascally officers of the fleet have powerful friends to intercede for them, so that, without drawing upon you the envy and malice of great persons, under whom these vermin shroud themselves, you cannot pre- sently rid your hands and the fleet of them. But I know your great wisdom (backed by your great interest with the King and the Duke) is such that, what by counselling and threatening some, by making others exemplary, by letting the friends of those best supported know their errors by degrees, insinuating the faults of the incor- rigible to the King and Duke, and other good methods, best known to you because you have practised them, you will at last do the great work which all honest men would rejoice in, that is, that the management of the King's fleet, in all particulars, may be executed by sober, discreet, and diligent persons and men of business; and that all drinking, swearing, gaming, and expen- sive and sumptuous eating, may be banished the fleets, and particularly that the captains of the King's ships may not publicly entertain their w s on board, as some of them have formerly done, and that from port to port in the Mediter- SIR JONAS MOORE TO PEPYS. 187 ranean, to the great scandal of our religion and government, among Turks, Jews, and Chris- tians. But it's time to give you no further trouble. For God's sake impute this fit of zeal to the love I bear to the service of my country, and to the earnest desires I have to see the King's navy a protection to the nation, and a terror to our ene- mies, which, without a strict discipline and real sobriety in officers and seamen, it can never be. If you think it worth while, I'll wait upon you and talk further about this foolish paper of mine, that is, of the ways to put it in practice, which is a thing that must ripen by degrees. I am, Sir, your most humble servant, J. HOUBLON. [The connection of Pepys with the City of London com- menced Aug. 7, this year (1677), by his having been elected Master of the Clothworkers* Company.] SIR JONAS MOORE TO PEPYS. HONOURABLE SIR, Feb. 18, 1677-a I THOUGHT good to acquaint you, that Mr. Leake, having Sir Charles Scarbrough * and Dr. * " Principal physician to Charles II. James, and William, a learned and incomparable anatomist.'* Wood adopts this cha- racter of Scarborough, and says, after Dr. Goodal, " be was the first that introduced geometrical and mechanical speculations into anatomy, and applied them as well in all his learned con- 188 SIR JONAS MOORE TO PEPYS. Wallis,* now his friends, will stand for the elec- tion, and for which, as to his utilities, &c. I must say I think him a very good mathematician. But how this will be brought about, but with a high hand, I do not understand. Therefore, I send Sir Anthony Deane's letter for Mr. Per- kins, which he was very unwilling to write ; but that I promised his son should be taken care for, but Sir Thomas Allen f storms for his grandchild. yersation, as, more particularly, in his famous lectures upon the muscles of human bodies, for sixteen or seventeen years together, in the public theatre at Surgeons' Hall, which were read by him with infinite applause and admiration of all sorts of learned men in the great city." " Surgeons' Hall " was then the Hall of the " Barber Sur- geons," in Monkwell-street. In the theatre were delivered " two public and two private anatomy lectures, annually, upon the bodies of executed malefactors." Among the portraits are those of " Sir Charles Scarborough and Alderman Arris, who read and gave the muscle lecture." Sir Charles Scarborough died in 1693. Granger says of him, after Oughtred, " that his memory was so tenacious, that he could recite in order all the propositions of Euclid, Archimedes, and other ancient mathema- ticians, and apply them on every occasion." * F. R. S. Savilian Professor of Geometry. He died in 1703, aged 87. In 1702, Pepys presented to the University of Oxford Dr. Wallis's portrait by Kneller, to whom he thus writes : " Clapham, March 26, 1702. I have long determined upon providing, as far as I could, by your hand, towards immortal- izing the memory of the person (for his fame can never die) of that great man, and my most honoured friend, Dr, Wallis, to be lodged as an humble present of mine, (though a Cam- bridge man,) to my dear aunt, the University of Oxford." -j- " Admiral of the English fleet, 1666. This brave and ex- SIR JONAS MOORE TO PEPYS. 189 I sent your qualifications for the person to be chosen, and believe Mr. Perkins will square to them, or about. And indeed, now, to deal plainly with your honour, it was my Lord Brouncker moved him, and will justify him dignissimus. Mr. Kenny will be found too light for this trial. All my ends really are, that all the pains you have taken, and shall take, may be answered by an able man, and to assure you, I have that real respect for your abilities, that I shall ever rest your Honou rable's Most obedient servant, JONAS MOORE.* pert officer," says Granger, " was the first that entered upon hostilities against the Dutch, in 1665. The squadron he commanded consisted but of eight ships ; but what he wanted in force, he supplied by courage and conduct. July 1666, at the head of the white squadron he fell upon the Dutch van, entirely defeated it, and killed the three Admirals, who commanded that division." Among Pepys's frequent notices of Sir T. Allen, he is thus introduced : " April 1, 1667. Mrs. Rebecca Allen, poor heart! come to desire favour for her husband, who is clapt up, being a Lieu- tenant, for sending a challenge to his Captain, in the most saucy, base language that could be writ. I perceive Sir W. Coventry is wholly resolved to bring him to punishment; for bear with this,' says he, ' and no discipline shall ever be expected.' " Pepys's Diary, i. 35. * " A most celebrated mathematician, knighted by Charles II. and made Surveyor of the Ordnance. Ob. 1679." Pepys says : " Sept. 28, 1663. The Commissioners for Tangier met; and there my Lord Teviot, with Captain Cuttance, Captain Evans, and Jonas Moore, sent to that purpose, did bring us a brave draught of the mole, to be built there ; and report that it is 190 MR. JAMES HOUBLON TO PEPYS. Saturday, Nov. 2, 1678. I HAVE discoursed M. Morelli, and according to your desire, have used all the arguments I could think of against the errors of the Romish Church, and, as an inducement to distrust the doctrines of that Church, have urged to him (though it is a wrong way of arguing) the wicked and intolerable policy and practice of its members for these thousand years ; I mean of the Pope and Cardinals, and the several societies of the clergy in most countries, who have made no scruple to trample on the temporality (as well of corporations as of private persons), and have used all violent and bloody means to maintain their riches and dominions, to enable them to tyrannize over the souls and bodies of men. But, Sir, I must tell you, I find Morelli so resolved in his religion, that it will be in vain to hope his conversion. He only saith, he really believes the governors of the Roman faith use unlawful ways to compass their designs, which he abhors, but dares not for that abandon that likely to be the most considerable place the King of England hath in the world ; and so I am apt to think it will." Sir Jonas Moore was " the first Englishman that composed a ' System of Mathematics.' " It was published in 1681. " He and Sir Chris- topher Wren," adds Granger, " are said to have persuaded Charles II. to build the Observatory at Greenwich." M. MORELLT TO PEPYS. 191 church. I am sorry. Sir, you have not your de- sires in seeing him a good Protestant. As to the other point, of his necessary remov- ing out of your house, I have propounded to him going to Brentwood, where he would be well received, and upon moderate terms ; but he ra- ther inclines to go to Flanders, his native country, and humbly leaves himself upon your charity, protesting that of that allowance you have so honourably been pleased to make him, what with clothes, living, and other necessaries, he hath not been able to save one penny, and, I perceive, hath not anything left. He intends to embark for Antwerp by way of Ostend or Rotterdam. So, if no yacht is suddenly bound that way, I'll speak to some skipper upon departure, to take him in. What you have further to command me, I intreat you freely to make use of, Sir, your most humble servant, JAMES HOUBLON. M. MORELLI TO PEPYS. (Translation.) SIR, Brentwood, Nov. 9, 1678. AFTER my most humble respects, I inform you of my arrival at Brentwood, Tuesday evening, at the house of a most obliging family. The situ- ation I find very pleasant, the air is more pure than at London, and consequently favourable to 192 M. MORELLI TO PEPYS. my voice. This I hope to improve, without forgetting my lute. For my own satisfaction I would trust that your mind is more at ease than when we parted, for I am, indeed, so well aware of your afflictions, that, were the loss of my life necessary to your happiness, I would, with all my heart, offer you the sacrifice ; though I can never return all your kindness. I am, Sir, Your very humble, very affectionate, and very much obliged, CESARE MORELLI. M. MORELLI TO PEPYS. (Translation.) Brentwood, May 29, 1679. I HAVE received your favour with the five gui- neas you were pleased to send by your Norwich coachman, for which I am infinitely obliged to you. I have been much rejoiced to learn from your letter, that your innocence speaks for you, and hope the storm with which you have been mena- ced, will be dispersed to their confusion, who only seek your destruction. God will not permit the malice of the wicked always to triumph, as saith the Psalmist, Desiderium peccatorum peribit. Psal. cxii. Be assured that, besides Mr. Hill, Mr. Bui- M. MORELLI TO PEPYS. 193 teel, John Wight,* John Clerk, and his partner, Mr. Parry's English agent in Lisbon, the E nglish Consul in Portugal, and those merchants who knew me in Portugal, and now reside in London, as Mr. John Bancks,f Mr. March, Mr. James de Leonqe, Mr. Paul Polixfern, and Mr. Delerout, all could agree in my not having been known at Lisbon as a priest, much less as a Jesuit. Had I been such, I should have been obliged, on pain of excommunication, to clothe myself as a priest in Portugal, instead of living at Lisbon four years in the same dress I wear here. If this be not enough, I request you to learn all the points on which satisfaction is desired ; and be assured of being punctually obeyed. I remain, Sir, your much obliged and very faithful servant, CESARE MORELLI. * This name occuis twice, in " Pepys's Diary," as " my uncle Wight," and again in a somewhat barbarous connection. " Jan. 21, 1664. After sending my wife to my aunt Wight's, to get a place to see Tumor hanged, I got for a shilling to stand upon the wheel of a cart, in great pain, above an hour before the execution was done ; he delaying the time by long discourses and prayers, one after another, in hopes of a reprieve; but none came ; and at last he was flung off the ladder in his cloak." t Pepys describes a " Sir John Bankes, 1664," as " lent merchant," and an acquaintance. VOL. I. 194 COLONEL NORWOOD* TO PEPYS. SIR, June 2 ' ON Saturday I received your discharge of the little (which shall ever be at your devotion), and that with no small trouble, to see you other- wise divertised from the use of it, at present, by the most unreasonable occasion in the world. I hope, ere this comes to your hands, you will have weathered that storm, which Satan (Scott) f * The same Major Norwood, perhaps, who, in 1655, with Overton, Armstrong, and Weston, had been imprisoned in the Castle at Jersey, by a warrant signed Oliver P. directed to the Governor of the island. It further appears, March 1 6, 1658-9, that to an inquiry from Mr. Speaker, by a com- mand of the House, the Deputy-governor answered, that Ma- jor Norwood is at liberty, by virtue of an order of his Highness and his council, conditioned that he do not come into England without leave, and that he do not act anything, in future, against the Commonwealth abroad. Pepys, " April 21 May 3, 1660," mentions " Mr. Norwood certainly going to the King, which had a ship to carry him over." He also describes a party at Mr. Coventry's, St. James's, " met to a venison-pasty ;" and adds, " Major Nor- wood being with us, whom they did play upon for his surren- dering of Dunkirk." Lord Braybrooke says : " A Major Nor- wood had been Governor of Dunkirk ; and a person of the same name occurs as one of the Esquires to the body, at the corona- tion of Charles II." t " In the House of Commons," (at the instance of Mr. Harbord, M. P. for Thetford,) Mr. Pepys and Sir Anthony Deane were accused, on the depositions of Colonel John Scott and others, of sending secret particulars respecting the English navy to the French government, in order to assist in the design COLONEL NORWOOD TO PEPYS. 195 has so unskilfully conjured to alarm you. And I make no doubt, but your virtue will so improve this affliction, to your spiritual as well as secular advantage, that, in the same time you rejoice in your tribulation, you will open those eyes to be- hold your innocency, with shame and confusion on themselves who have been so vile promoters of this ill-natured piece of malice towards you. I am at the point of leaving this place, and do expect, by the first, to hear you are disentangled of this vexation.* of dethroning the King, and extirpating the Protestant reli- gion ; and Mr. Pepys was again charged with being himself a Roman Catholic, and a great favourer of that party. " They were committed to the Tower, May 22, 1679. June 2nd, both were brought to the bar of the King's Bench, when the Attorney-General refused bail, on the ground that he expected more evidence of their treasonable correspondence with France. After being brought up a second and third time, they were allowed to find security in 30,000/. ; and, though they subsequently appeared in court four times more, the trial was always postponed upon the same plea." Pepys 's Life. * " Feb. 12, 1679-80. On the Attorney-General's stating that Scott now refused to acknowledge the truth of his ori- ginal deposition, (upon which the whole charge rested,) the prisoners were relieved from their bail ; and their motion to be discharged was acceded to on the first day of the next term." Life. Evelyn thus writes : " June 4, 1679. I dined with Mr. Pepys in the Tower, he having been committed by the House of Commons for misdemeanours in the Admiralty, when he was Secretary. I believe he was unjustly charged. Here I saluted my Lords Stafford and Petre, who were committed for the Popish plot." Pepys, (" Tower, June 9, 1679,") acknowledging the receipt O 2 196 MR. D'OYLY TO PEPYS. I wish everything may succeed as you desire, as being most truly, Your most assured faithful servant, H. NORWOOD. My humble service to Sir Anthony Deane. MR. D'OYLY* TO PEPYS. g IRj June 10th, 1679. REQUESTS of this sort should not be made with- out a preamble, which I hope your friendship will excuse my want of ability to perform. When I came from Flanders, I was in hopes to have received a legacy of a thousand pounds, which was left me by my good mother ; but I find I must stay two terms longer for it. My present occasions oblige me to beg the fa- vour of you to lend me fifty pounds for six months, to secure which I will give you a bond to repay it within that time ; and, for fear of ac- of a letter from the Duke of York, adds : "which found me in the custody, under which I, with Sir Anthony Deane, do now remain, upon no less suggestion than those of Popery, felony, piracy, and treason ; but so grounded as to render it hard for me to tell your Royal Highness which of the two enjoys the greater pleasure, Mr. Harbord, in public, from the contempla- tion of the conquest his malice has obtained over me, or I, in private, from what my innocence tells me I shall, some time or other, (if any justice may be hoped for,) obtain against him." * Perhaps one of the family of " Sir W. Doyly," with whom " and Evelyn" Pepys was associating in 1665. PEPYS TO MR. D'OYLY. 197 cidents, a note to Sir B. Allen Apsly * to pay to your order, out of ray Michaelmas quarterly payment, 25/., and at Christmas the remainder, in case it should not be repaid before. Your excusing this trouble will be a great obligation to, Sir, Your faithful friend and humble servant, EDW. D'OYLY. PEPYS TO MR. D'OYLY. SIR, Tower, June 10, 1679. ; I PROTEST to you, my being sent hither was so sudden, that I have been forced to be beholden to my friends for 100/. to pay my fees and defray my expenses here, and must be constrained to do the like for more, before I shall (in the state my affairs are) be able to repay the former. So, as I will not lessen the credit of this real excuse for my [not] answering your desire, by adding any- * Thus exposed by Pepys : Dec. 19, 1666. Sir R. Ford did tell me, how Sir Allen Brodericke, and Sir Allen Apsly, did come drunk the other day into the house, and speak for half an hour together, and could not be either laughed, or pulled, or bid to sit down and hold their peace, to the great contempt of the King's servants and cause ; which I am grieved at with all my heart. " Aug. 22, 1667," (in a dinner party) he meets " Sir Allan Apsly, who did make good sport ; he being already fallen un- der the retrenchments of the new committee, as he is Master Falconer, which makes him mad." 198 PEPYS TO MONSIEUR MORELLI. thing that is artificial, which, I assure you, I would in no kind do, were I in a capacity of serving you, as being with all sincerity, Your most affectionate and humble servant, S. PEPYS. PEPYS TO MONSIEUR MORELLI. MoNSIEUR MORELLI, September 25, 1679. THOUGH I was very well satisfied, at my return from Windsor, to find you gone back to Brent- wood, according to your resolution before my departure, yet I found myself disappointed there- by in two or three particulars, in which I did design to discourse with you before your going ; whereof one was, to advise you to make a re- collection in your memory of the several places and conditions in which you had spent your time for some years past, so as to be able to contradict anything that may happen to be suggested by those who have maliciously invented the story of your being a priest ; for I do expect that those who have the wickedness to begin that lie, will not forbear to assert it as often as they shall judge it apropos to do me and you mischief with, and that undoubtedly they will do when I shall come to my trial on the business which Scott has so falsely charged me with. Therefore, pray make it your business to recollect and consider PEPYS TO MONSIEUR MQRELLI. 199 how to discover the truth in that particular, and give me a short account thereof, for my private satisfaction, as soon as you can. Next, I would have seen you furnished with some wine (as you desired) before your going, and shall do it still, in case you have not already done it yourself; which if you have, let me know what it cost, that I may re-imburse you. I would have also informed myself touching the condition you are now in, as to your entertainment, and whether you want anything towards it which you have to expect from me, to the end I may supply you. Also, I would have consulted with you about the use of the table which you have given me for the guitar ; for the little knowledge in music which I have, never was of more use to me than it is now, under the molestations of mind which I have at this time, more than ordinary, to con- tend with. Therefore, I would be glad to im- prove that little knowledge as far as I could, to making myself capable, by the help of your table, of playing a basse-continue ;* which I would not despair of doing, in a tolerable degree, after you shall have made me master of that table. In con- fidence of which, since, upon some other consi- derations, it is not so convenient for me at this time to see you here, I do design to come and spend one day with you where you are, to receive * Thorough bass. 200 MR. PEARSE TO PEPYS. your instructions therein, so soon as you shall have finished those other matters, which I now (in the last place) recommend to your care,* to see dispatched as soon as you can ; I having no- thing remaining in my hands to practise upon, but the Lamentations of Jeremiah. One thing, indeed, there is more, which I would be glad to have set to the guitar, videlicet, your French song, where are these words, Les plus lourds ammaux ; which, with wishing good health to you, is all, at present, from Your most affectionate friend, S. PEPYS. MR. PEARSE TO PEPYS. HONOURED Silt, Bruxelles, Oct. 13, 1679 (Our Style). FEARING my not sending you those papers which you was pleased to desire, may give you occasion to think me negligent of my duty to you, and then, by consequence, ungrateful to you, who have so often and highly obliged me, I ra- ther choose to be troublesome, in taking you off from better things, and to give you a small ac- count how I have spent my time since I left you. On the 25th of September last, 1 left London, and sailed with the Duke towards Flanders, the * Referring to numerous minute directions for the arrange- ment of Pepys's musical papers, which appear to have formed a very large collection. MR. PEARSE TO PEPYS. 201 wind SSW. The 26th, at seven that morning, we saw Dunkirk. At eleven, we were off Ostend, where the Duke, in the Mary, went in, and we bore away to Flushing. At three that afternoon, we got in, but I could not go ashore. The 27th, at four in the afternoon, we arrived at Antwerp ; a pleasant and well-fortified town. Here we saw several fine churches, adorned with marble and fine paintings. The 28th, at four in the morn- ing, went aboard a small vessel in which we sailed to Billebourg, a small village, and hence passed in five large flat-bottomed boats, drawn by horses, to Brussels, where we arrived at two o'clock, and went to a lodging. The 29th and 30th we lay still, expecting our baggage. October the 1st. This morning I kissed the Duke's hand in his bed-chamber. There, hearing him discoursing of his voyage to the Hague, I resolved to wait on him thither, in one of the Prince of Orange's yachts. We left Brussels on the 3rd day. AVe passed by Antwerp and Ber- gen-op-Zoom. The 4th, being at an anchor for the tide, off a town called Ziricgee, I found it to be a very neat but small place, well walled, with a river running through it ; the people all Presbyterians. The 6th, after having lain on ground in the yacht eighteen hours, we past by Dort and Rotterdam in the night ; and, at seven in the morning, arrived at Delf-Haven. The Duke went presently to the Hague, in 202 MR. PEARSE TO PEPYS. the Prince's barge, drawn with horses ; but I went to Rotterdam, which is two miles off, to see our old friend, Erasmus, whose image stands in copper, in the market, very busy, reading his book. This is a fine town, but not so clean, by reason of the great trade here. I saw some of their ships lying in a river that passes the town in several branches. I also went to see the great church, which is much like our churches, and as ill kept. While I was in the church they came in to bury a corpse, with their hats on, and laid him only four inches deep, without any prayers ; as we bury dogs, not ladies' lap-dogs, who are interred with more ceremony. At night I re- turned to Delf-Haven and lay there. 7th. At eight this morning, went to the Hague, and arrived at eleven ; where I first visited the Princes' court, called the New House, which, in my mind, is a very ordinary palace. Afterwards I went to the Duke's quarters, which are at the old house. It belongs to the Princess Dowager, when any. The Hague is a fine Dutch town ; but the people very rude and dull. This evening, as the Duke, Duchess, Prince, Princess, Lady Ann, and Duchess of Modena were at supper, Mr. Calton came with his express, and so, overgone, retired. The 8th. Upon the news of the Duke's re- turn, I went immediately towards Bruxelles with PEPYS TO MRS. SKINNER, 203 Colonel Warden, and arrived there on the 10th at eleven o'clock in the morning, where I found all my family well. We design to return by way of Calais, and so pass through Ghent, Bruges, and Dunkirk, and so for England; where you shall be attended with a larger account by, Sir, your ever devoted servant, S. PEARSE. My mother, and cousin Corbett, give their ser- vices to you and Mrs. Hewer. PEPYS TO MRS. SKINNER. MADAM, Friday Night, Oct. 24, 1679. THE principal errand of this is, to inquire after your health, with Sir Francis Butlers, and my Lady's, to whom pray tender my most faithful and humble services. But, with all, it comes to give you this short account of my own affairs, which seems now to be as much too good as it was before the contrary. For, at my appearance yesterday in court, (being the first day of the term,) instead of obtaining a day for my trial, (the only favour I had to beg,) I found nobody to be heard of to prosecute me, my accuser being withdrawn, (or at least ab- sconding,) and Mr. Harbord, my old prosecutor, not appearing. So, as all I could have, was to be continued in the state I am in till the end of 204 PEPYS TO THE DUKE OF YORK. the term, in expectation of what my adversaries may offer towards prosecution within that time. My friends, indeed, please themselves with an opinion of my being then discharged ; and, by the course of the court, I am told I ought to be, in case my adversaries continue silent. But then, (which is an evil equal to any I have sustained,) my being discharged in that manner, without a trial, leaves me liable to the same vexation when- ever the same malignity of my enemies shall meet with the like juncture of state circumstances, to prompt them to my mischief. However, my stock of sufferance is still good, (I thank God,) and it would do wrong to my innocence if it were not. Therefore, look not upon me as one to be condoled, but only wish me some more grateful occasion for being in good humour than the incapacity of my enemies to put me into bad. I am, Madam, Your most humble servant, S. PEPYS. PEPYS TO THE DUKE OF YORK. Jan. 6, 1679-80. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR ROYAL HlGHNESS, I COULD not omit by the hand of the bearer, Mr. Milburne, the payment of my most humble PEPYS TO THE DUKE OF YORK. 205 duty and thankfulness to your Royal Highness for the extraordinary office of friendship and justice which (from your Royal Highness's en- couragement, and the regard he has been desirous of paying thereby to your Royal Highness,) Sir Anthony JDeane and I have received from him, in the discovery of many practices of Scott, (our infamous adversary,) which have happened to fall within the personal knowledge of this gentle- man during their abode together in New Eng- land: the benefit whereof we cannot yet receive; the artifices of Scott and his patron, Mr. Har- bord, and his master's own mediation with Mr. Attorney-General, preventing us in all our en- deavours for the bringing our affair to a public and strict trial. I will not, nevertheless, despair but that God Almighty will (soon or late) put an end to these hard proceedings, and me into a condition, once more, of perform- ing my duty to his Majesty, and your Royal Highness. In the mean time, owning again the particular effects of your Royal Highness's goodness to me, in the justice done me, for your sake, by the bearer, at a time wherein the giving evidence to the truth even in any civil matter, (as well as others,) that is not agreeable to the multitude, is become hazardous, and consequently not easily obtained, especially from persons of that credit 206 PEPYS TO MR. POVEY. which I find him to have among merchants of good esteem upon the Exchange of London. I do, in all humility, remain, May it please your Royal Highness, Your Royal Highness's most dutiful and ever most obedient servant, S. PEPYS. PEPYS TO MR. POVEY. g} IRj Ash-Wednesday Night, February 25, 1679-80. AN occasion offers, wherein you may exercise that kindness you have sometimes exchanged with me ; and it is this. You may, I doubt not, have heard that one James, who had been some time my servant, had been made use of as my accuser. He is now upon his sick-bed, and, as I am told, near the point of death ; and has declared himself inclined to ease his conscience of something wherein I may be nearly concerned, with a particular willingness to open himself to you, whom he says he has known and observed during his serving the Duke of Buckingham and me. You may please, therefore, in charity to me as well as to the dying man, to give him a visit to-morrow morning, when I shall appoint one to conduct you to his lodging. It may be you may hesitate herein, because of the friendship which I no less know you to have with Mr. PEPYS TO MR. POVEY. 207 Harbord than you know him to have ill will against me, and of the effects of it, under which I still remain of being held obnoxious to others, to whom you bear great reverence. But that makes me the rather to importune you to the taking this trouble, because your candour is such, that, with a fair and equal indif- ferency, you will hear and represent what that dying man shall relate to you, who, it is likely, will reveal at this hour nothing but truth. And it is to truth only, and the God thereof, I appeal, and which will, I hope, vindicate my reputation, and free me from the misunderstandings which I find many ingenuous and worthy persons have had of me, from their being seduced by the false testimonies which have been gained and improved to my disadvantage, even to the hazard of my life and estate, and no less to the disturbing of the government, than to the raising injurious re- flections upon those public trusts in which I have (much to your knowledge) carried myself dili- gently, and (I am sure) faithfully. In this I, the rather, take the liberty of open- ing myself, thus freely and amply, to you upon this occasion; because I would move you the more strongly, to take upon you this just and charitable office, so much importing others, as well as Your most humble servant, S. PEPYS. 208 MR. PEPYS TO THE REV. DR. LITTLETON. SIR, 7 at Night, March 4, 1679-80. HAVING no answer to a message I sent an hour or two ago, I fear it will be too much to keep you under any longer expectation, this night, of being called to that good office I bespoke of you this afternoon for the poor sick man, for whose soul's health I am truly concerned, however he has been misled, to the occasioning me much evil. I shall, therefore, attend you again, as the poor man's condition, and my knowledge of it, shall direct ; and in the mean time give you my most pious thanks on his behalf, I presuming I may offer you a second trouble some time to-mor- row, and remaining Your most faithful humble servant, S. PEPYS. PEPYS TO MONSIEUR MORELLI. MONSIEUR MORELLI, York Buildings, March 27, 1680. I KNOW you have long expected to hear from me, and I have indeed as long proposed to write ; but the truth is, I have had from day to day some fresh occasions come in my way that have interrupted all thoughts of pleasure, though the last business that has taken up my time has not been unwelcome, it having pleased God to lay PEPYS TO MONSIEUR MORELLI. 209 affliction by sickness on my man James, thereby to bring him to consideration and confession of the wrongs he has been tempted to do towards me and you, which he has largely, solemnly, and publicly done, on receiving the holy Sacrament ; not without making discoveries of practices used against me, in seducing him to doing me those wrongs, as to my grief will, I believe, charge some eminent pretending Protestants with deal- ings as unbecoming Christians, as the worst of those with which we generally reproach Papists. But of that, I shall leave to say more, where and when it shall be more proper. In the mean time, bless God, as I know you will, for so much of my vindication thus miraculously effected ; and he will, in his own time, certainly do me right in the remainder. And now, as to music, (for taking pleasure in which, I hope, in a little time to find myself better composed,) you may depend to receive on Tuesday next the things you wait for, I having had them long in readiness, but with a mind so much embarrassed otherwise, that I could not apply it to think of anything of pleasure. But I hope that you in the mean time have been so em- ploying yourself, as that you have nothing left to do but transcribing your papers. What I have at present to add is, telling you, that I intend to set forth towards Newmarket on Monday next, with a purpose to visit you for VOL. i. p 210 PEPYS TO HIS FATHER. one piece of a day in coming back, which I pre- sume may be this day seven-night. But let not this occasion any trouble to Mrs. Slater, because my coming is very uncertain, and I do not expect to stay a night if I come. However, pray present my most humble services to Mr. Slater and her, and the young lady, and my very hearty thanks for their kind present of cyder, which proves ex- tremely fine. Remaining Your truly affectionate friend, S. PEPYS. James died this day seven-night. PEPYS TO HIS FATHER, MR. PEPYS OF BRAMPTON.* Sm, York Buildings, March 27, 1680. IT is long since I have expressed my duty to you, and truly one day has followed another with some new occasion of care, so that, though I have been in a great measure restored to the liberty of my person, my mind has continued in thraldom, till now that it has pleased God, in a miraculous manner, to begin the work of my vindication by laying his hand on James my butler, by a sick- ness, (whereof he is some days since dead,) which led him to consider and repent of the wrongs he * " Who died in autumn, this year." J. S. PEPYS TO HIS FATHER. 211 had done me in accusing me in Parliament, which he has solemnly and publicly confessed on the holy Sacrament, justifying me and my family to all the world in that part of my accusation which relates to religion ; and 1 question not but God Almighty will be no less just in what concerns the rest of my charge, which he knows to be no less false than this. In the mean time, his holy name be praised for what he has done in this par- ticular. What I have to add is, the letting you know that I am commanded to attend the King the next week at Newmarket, and, by the grace of God, will go, and wait on you one day, in my going or return, which I presume will be either Tuesday or Saturday next. Designing to set forth hence on Monday, I shall rather choose to call upon you in my going, which will be on Tuesday, for fear lest I should be commanded to accompany the Court to London, where the King designs to be this day seven-night. In the mean time, trusting in God to find you in good health, and with my most humble duty presented to yourself, and my kind love to my brother and sister, and their family, I remain, Sir, Your ever obedient Son, S. PEPYS. P 2 212 DR. JOHN TURNER TO PEPYS. Einesbury, May 20, 1680. I GIVE you many thanks for great kindness to me at London. I have been at Brampton. The old gentleman and the rest of the family have good health ; and fewer complaints were made than I have been accustomed to hear from them, I heartily wish you also may have less trouble in that kind. Your father thanks you for the care of his watch. Sir, you may now justly expect from me the promised account of Sixtus Quintus's Bible, in which I have travailed; but, instead of answering your expectation, I am necessitated to request a troublesome favour of you, which is, that you will please to let some of your servants pack up that Bible in a box or case, and send it to Mr. Joseph Carne, at the Rose in St. Laurence Lane, to be sent to me. He is my son-in-law, and will be very careful of my concerns. Sir, I beseech you, deny not this earnest re- quest, and I promise the book shall, in a little time, be sent back, and with it you shall have an account whether this be truly the Bible of Sixtus Quintus, or of Clemens Octavus ; what makes that of Sixtus Quintus of so great value, DR. JOHN TURNER TO PEPYS. 213 and what advantage we make by it against the Romanists.* Sir, you may easily think that I make not this request for my own sake, or to show any skill that I have to make such judgment ; but I am desired to do it by a person for whom I have great reverence, and, foreseeing no inconvenience can ensue, I have spoken confidently, and I once more humbly beseech you to grant this re- quest. Sir, I hope in God to wait on you at London * " At the revival of letters," says the late Mr. Charles But- ler, in his Horae Biblicae, " several persons of learning exerted themselves to procure a good edition of the Latin Vulgate. The chief editions are those of Robert Stephens, in 1540, 1545, and 1546; that of Hentenius, in 1547, [1574?] and that of the Louvain divines, in 1573, chiefly conducted by Lucas Brugensis. " It was afterwards revised and promulgated by papal autho- rity. The Council of Trent took the state of the versions into consideration. It declared that the Bible should be printed as correctly and as expeditiously as possible, principally according to the ancient and Vulgate edition. In consequence of this it was published by Sixtus Qviiitus, in 1590. He himself watched over the work with admirable attention and zeal. He perused every sheet, both before it was committed to the press, and after it was printed off. " But his edition scarcely made its appearance before it was discovered to abound with errors. The copies, therefore, were called in, and a new edition was printed by Clement VIII. his immediate successor, in 1 592 ; and afterwards, with some va- riations, in 1593. The difference between the two papal edi- tions is considerable. Dr. James, in his celebrated " Bellum Papale," reckons 2000 instances. Father Henry de Bukentop, a Kecollet, made a similar collection. Lucas Brugensis has 214 DR. JOHN TURNER TO PEPYS. next October, and give you a particular account of all circumstances about this matter. I pray God grant you health and peace. Sir, Your most affectionate and humble servant, JOHN TURNER. reckoned 4000 places in which, in his opinion, the Bible of Clement VIII. may be thought to want correction. " Not only Roman Catholics, but separatists from the Church of Rome, agree in its praise. Dr. Mill, whose whole life was spent in the study of the manuscripts and printed editions of the original, and the translations from it, professes the greatest esteem for it, and, in his choice of readings, defers consider- ably to it. Grotius speaks of it highly. Walton and Bengel praise it much. " Some Roman Catholic and even Protestant writers of emi- nence have contended, that, considering the present state of the Greek text, the Vulgate expresses more of the true read- ing of the originals, or autographs of the sacred penmen, than any Greek edition that has yet appeared, or can now be framed. There is no reason to suppose that any of the autographs ex- isted in the third century." The following article in the Catalogue of De Boze (No. 25.) will explain a passage in the foregoing extract. " Thomas James Bellum Papale, sive Concordia discors Sixti V. et dementis VIII. circa Hieronymianam editionem ; cum utriusque editionis Vulgatae illorum Pontificum, et pos- tremae Lovaniensium comparatione. Lond. Barker, 1600. " Histoire manuscrite de la Bible de Sixte V. avec des re- marques de Prosper Marchand ancien Libraire de Paris refugie en Hollande, pour connoitre la veritable edition de 1590, in 4to." 215 MR. TIM. TURNER TO PEPYS. SIR, Oxford, June 20, 1680. YOUR last great and noble addition to those numberless favours that I have undeservedly re- ceived from your bountiful hand, has involved me in an immensity of obligations. How narrowly, honoured Sir, have I very lately escaped from the confines of the grave. Some about me were ready to reckon me amongst the dead. Indeed, I thought myself that I should never have been capable of giving any friend and great benefactor that I have, (such as your good self,) my poor returns of gratitude, in naked thanks again. But (God be praised !) a very vehement fever is quite dispossessed. Yesterday was the first of my leaving my chamber, and (such is the efficacy of your me- dicinal goodness) my going out was occasioned by your good self, though at so great distance ; for I went to wait upon Dr. Clarke with that good letter you procured me. Sir, you sufficiently know my inability to re- turn par pari ; but all your great favours, if it be possible for my grateful memory to contain such a great number, shall, in what condition so ever I be, while I breathe, be humbly and thank- fully confessed, acknowledged, nay, proclaimed, by, Sir, your most obedient servant, TIM. TURNER. 216 PEPYS TO MRS. SKINNER. MADAM, July 1, 1680. I WOULD not omit giving you the knowledge of my having at last obtained what with as much reason I might have expected a year ago, my full discharge from the bondage I have, from one villain's practice, so long lain under. However, as the world goes, justice ought to be welcome at any time ; and so I receive it, with thanks to God Almighty, who might have re- spited his goodness till (as from all appearances I feared) justice might have been yet less easy to come by. In which contemplation I cannot but own God's express indulgence, in my deliverance, late as it is ; ascribing it not to my own inno- cence alone, but also to the good wishes of my friends, and, in particular, to those of your fa- mily and your own ; which shall be ever an- swered with the best of mine, who am, Madam, Your most faithful and humble servant, S. PEPYS. 217 PEPYS TO MR. HOWE * S IR) London, July 8, 1680. 'Tis long I have been in arrears to you for your kind remembrances from the place [Barbadoes] where you now are. The truth is, I am but just got clear from an incumbrance whereto public envy had exposed me, and which has (for a great while past) almost suppressed the remembrance of my friends, through the daily clamours of my enemies, whose designs being levelled at the King my master, they thought no surer aim could be taken at him than through his servants, who stood nearest to him ; among whom, their malice having done me the honour of reckoning me one, they deemed me worthy to be first removed, though at the price of perjury. But God Almighty (after my being committed to the Tower, and lying more than a year under thirty thousand pounds' bail,) has been pleased to deliver me, and I am now restored to myself, with liberty of recollecting my obligations to my friends, and in particular to you, as well as my old friendship for you, which, because I would never have die, I take the opportunity of this * \V. Howe is frequently named by Pepys in his Diary. He appears to have been employed in the family of Lord Sand- wich. 218 PEPYS TO DR. LITTLETON. young gentleman the bearer, son of a very honest and good friend of mine, a merchant of this city, to give you and your lady (my daughter* ) my humble services and blessings, to be divided, not between you two only, but also among the lower members of your family ; ere this (I hope) an ample number. I shall be glad (as you have opportunity) to be made certain of it, and of the continuance of your healths and good fortune ; to which, as none can be a better wilier, so none shall be more ready to express, by anything with- in the power of, Your truly affectionate and humble servant, S. PEPYS. To Mr. W. Howe, at Barbadoes. This young man, Mr. Skinner, comes to look after some occasions of his father's, in your is- land ; in which, if by your advice you may be in anywise needful to him, you will very much oblige me. PEPYS TO DR. LITTLETON.f SIR, July 21, 1680. I HAVE discharged my duty towards you to the Duke [of Monmouth], and found him entirely pre- disposed in your favour. He promised to speak * To whom, probably, Pepys had been godfather. f About the living at St. Martin's. MS. MRS. URSULA PEPYS TO PEPYS. 219 without delay to the King, and has since done it, and got his Majesty's promise to do the like to my Lord Chancellor : which, whether he has done or no, I know not how presently to come to the knowledge of, his Majesty and the Court being returned this afternoon to Windsor. But, because I think it might be of some use to you, that I confer once more with you on the matter, and doubting much my being able to wait on you to-morrow morning, (which other- wise I should most readily,) I should be glad it might stand with your ease to let me see you here, where I shall be to be found till ten in the morning, and longer if I can, in hopes of your showing me how I may yet further express the zeal I have of being, in some degree of useful- Your most affectionate and most faithful humble servant, S. PEPYS. MRS. URSULA PEPYS* TO PEPYS. SIR, July 23, 1680. I THOUGHT myself happy to receive the favour of a letter from you by the hands of my nephew * From whom there is another letter, dated " Sept. 13, 1683." She was daughter of Bryan Stapylton, Esq. ; and married Thomas Pepys, Esq. of Merton Abbey, Surrey, Master of the Jewel Office to Charles II." Pepyis Corrtspondence. This 220 MRS. URSULA PEPYS TO PEPYS. Alcoke, and do return my humble thanks for your kindness. I should think myself much more so, if you would give me leave to wait on you at my own house, which is what I have long- desired. Do not doubt, good Sir, but that I shall have recourse to you on all occasions ; for I am apt to trouble my friends, as you well know by experience. As I did heartily condole the misfortune you lay under, so I do as sincerely congratulate your being cleared from those false aspersions. Truth always prevails. It may be clouded and de- pressed for a time ; but, in the end, is ever conqueror. My nephew Alcoke hath a fancy to one of my sister Hatton's daughters. She hath bred them all prettily, very sober and housewifely. He hath but little to live on ; neither has she much to add to it. Four hundred pounds paid This relation of Pepys appears to great advantage. Thus : " 1666, May 1. My cousin, Thomas Pepys, did come to me to consult about his being a justice of the peace, which he is much against ; and tells me, as a confidant, that he is not free to exercise punishment against Quakers, and other people, for religion. Nor do he understand Latin ; and so is not capable of the place, (as formerly,) now all warrants do run in Latin." Again, " 1668. Met my cousin Thomas Pepys, and took some turns with him. He is mightily troubled for this Act now passed against Conventicles, and, in few words and sober, do lament the condition we are in, by a negligent Prince and a mad Parliament." This " Cousin Pepys was Marshal to my Lord Coke when he was Lord Chief Justice." Diary. MRS. URSULA PEPYS TO PEPYS. 221 down is all she will have, and that she will have presently. I have encouraged him in it ; because, if he be a good husband, as I hope he is, with God's blessing they may live comfortably, though not finely. I hope, by his own industry and your favour, he may by degrees increase it. Baron Weston * did me the favour to take Tom Pepys as his clerk. I hope he will do well in that way ; for he is very observant of him. My mind was a little perplexed till I got him thither, for I did not love to see him live at home in a soft, idle life ; for a young man, that is neither a credit nor profit. He is gone the cir- cuit with his master. Moll f and myself are well, at your service. Which to be, I have great reason to study, for many favours and obligations you have laid upon, Sir, Your most humble and very obedient servant, URSULA PEPYS. * " 1680, Nov. 24. The Commons voted an impeachment against the Lord Chief Justice North, Sir William Jones, a Judge of the King's Bench, and Sir Richard Weston, a Baron of the Exchequer, for drawing up the proclamation against petitioning for a Parliament." Chron. Hist. i. 219. t Her only child, Olivia." DR. GALE * TO PEPYS. DEAR SlR, Tuesday, August 5, 1680. SINCE I last kissed your hand, I am told by one of the Bishop of London's chaplains that * Thomas Gale was Head Master of St. Paul's School from 1672 to 1697, when he became Dean of York. According to Dr. Knight, he had been " admitted into Trinity College, Cam- bridge, became Fellow, and Regius Professor of Greek in the University." He died in 1 702, aged 66. Huet, Bishop of Auranches, (whose autobiography Dr. Aikin familiarised to the English reader,) having mentioned " Edward Bernard, an Englishman, whom few equalled in erudition, and in modesty scarcely any," adds, " I, however, except Thomas Gale, another Englishman, whom, for the endowments both of learning and modesty, I prefer, not only to Bernard, but to all the men whom I have ever known. Though personally a stranger to him, he chal- lenged my affection by every office of kindness and urbanity; and such were the benefits which he conferred upon me, that I should be basely ungrateful, were I to suffer any length of time to obliterate him from my memory." Again, in his Huct- iana, the learned Bishop says : " M. Gale has an astonishing depth of erudition in all polite literature ; but his modesty is so great, that he seems to conceal his learning. He scarcely allows the initial letters of his name to be prefixed to so many excellent works which continually proceed from his hands. I know no man more ready to do good offices, or less disposed to take merit from them. " I have, sometimes, had occasion to procure copies or col- lations of English manuscripts. Soon as he was acquainted with my wants by means of a common friend, he laid aside all his occupations to gratify me ; and I received what I wished without knowing from whom the favour came." DR. GALE TO PEPYS. 223 his Lord* is gone into Northamptonshire, and will not return till the end of next week. This occa- sions me to request your more early application to his Royal Highness [the Duke of York,] that he would address to the King before our com- petitor appears ; and that, if you think fit so to hint to him, he would speak to my Lord's Grace of Canterbury t concerning me. Whether a note put into the Duke's hand may be needful, you will please to consider. Sir, I am, Your most affectionate and humble servant, THO. GALE. * Henry Compton, translated from Oxford in 1675. He died in 1713. f William Sancroft, of whose promotion the following is probably the earliest record. 1677, Dec. 29. Conges eTdrre went to Canterbury to elect Dr. Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, set up by the Duke of York against London [Compton], and York put on by the Papists. York doth not care for London, because he showed himself an enemy to the Papists at the Council Board." Sancroft " was Prolocutor of the Lower House of Convo- cation, when advanced, not expecting any such thing, to the archiepiscopal see. He made a very weighty exhortation to the King upon his death-bed, in which he is said to hare used a good deal of freedom. He refused to sign a declaration of abhorrence of the Prince of Orange's invasion f yet, " after William and Mary were settled on the throne, be refused to own the established government, from regard to the allegiance sworn to King James." He was consequently "suspended, 1689; and deprived, 1690." After a short interval of retire- Bent, on a very scanty income, he died 1693, aged 77 224 DR. GALE TO PEPYS. HONOURED SIR, Au S- 5 > 168 - I HAVE endeavoured to gain the knowledge of the Archbishop's going to Windsor. I cannot learn any certainty. One of his gentlemen tells me that he hath not been there of a long time ; nor doth he hear that he intendeth to go. I know not what to advise, only I wish that his Majesty be not prepossessed by our competitor. If your own occasions invite you to Windsor, and opportunity also favour, a word cast out, so that his Majesty may take notice, will secure the King from a surprise. Otherwise, I think we may contentedly wait his Majesty's coming to town. Last night Dr. Layfeild* died. I suppose Dr. Holder j- will succeed him in his prebend residen- tiary at St. Paul's. The next has been promised to, Sir, Your most obliged and humble servant, THO. GALE. * Who, besides his prebend, was Vicar of Allhallows and Archdeacon of Essex, preferments which he had recovered at the Restoration. According to Wood, he had been a great sufferer in the cause of royalty. " For his loyalty, and being favoured by Laud," he had been pursuivanted, imprisoned in Ely House and in the ships, sequestered, plundered, and after- wards forced to fly." Athen. Oxon. \ " William Holder, of Cambridge," thus described by Wood, in his Fasti, March 12, 1660-61." Also as " a great 225 MR. JOSEPH MARYON TO PEPYS. HONOURED Sm, Aug. 14, 1680. MODESTY yesterday restrained me from making my request to you to write a few lines to Dr. virtuoso, and hath obtained a great name for making a young gentleman (son of Col. Popham), who was born deaf and dumb, to speak. This great cure (the first in England, or perhaps in the world,) was performed in his house at Blechindon, An. 1659. Many curious persons went from Oxon to see and to hear the person speak ; but he being called home by his friends, began to lose what he had been taught. " How soon, and by what methods he did it, he tells in an Appendix to his most rare and ingenious discourse of 'The Elements of Speech, an Essay of Inquiry into the natural pro- duction of Letters. Lond. 1669.'" 8vo. Dr. Wallis engaged in the same benevolent attempt to alle- viate a great affliction. This appears from his two letters now before me, as published 1706. One letter is addressed to Mr. Thomas Beverley, concerning his method ; the other to Robert Boyle, " together with the success made apparent to his Majesty, the Royal Society, and the University of Oxford." Locke, as might have been expected, took a lively interest in this subject. In one of his Latin letters to Limborch, he says, as I have, I trust, faithfully translated him : " Oates, June 18, 1691 Your history, respecting the in- struction of the deaf to speak, is confirmed by two examples among us. Two youths, both deaf, have attained the use of speech ; one under the care of Dr. Wallis, the other of Dr. Holder. One of these youths I knew, and heard him pro- nounce words sufficiently distinct and articulate ; I know not what became of the other ; but the one 1 knew is still living, and skilled in reading and writing. Indeed, since I first heard VOL. 1. Q 226 MR. JOSEPH MARYON TO PEPYS. Peachell * on my account, and to solicit him to move our Master in my concern. There is a probationer's place void in our col- lege, and I have but one competitor, who is three years my junior. In all elections, hitherto, a month's seniority has been a great qualification ; but I was not so fortunate as to be admitted the Master's pupil, which, I think, is the greatest crime ; though our Master is pleased to allege against me my hopes of an estate, which are mere hopes indeed, and such never yet deprived men of such preferments. Besides, I can prove men in better circumstances to have been elected since my admittance ; and my competitor has one annuity of forty pounds per annum, and my him speak, which is more than twenty years ago, he married and has children : he is of a noble family. I saw him not long ago." Granger mentions an earlier writer, " Dr. Bulwer, author of ' Instructions to the Deaf and Dumb,' intended, as he expresses it, to bring those who are so born to hear the sound of words with their eyes, and thence to learn to speak with their tongues." * A fellow-collegian of Pepys, who has thrice mentioned him. Thus, 1661, Aug. 3. At Cambridge, Mr. Peachell, Sanchy, and others, tell me how high the old doctors are in the University over those they found there, though a great deal better scholars than themselves ; for which I am very sorry." Diary. " The old doctors " were probably those deprived during the Commonwealth and the Protectorates, and re- admitted at the Restoration. " Those they found there" were, no doubt, those who had been admitted during the inter- regnum. Again, " 1667, May 3. Took a turn with my old acquaint- MR. JOSEPH MARYON TO PEPYS. 227 allowance is but three-score, which depends on the pleasure of a changeable father. I beg, now, the favour of you to judge how frivolous this pretence is. I have sufficiently urged this to the Master already, but self-interest and design make him deaf and blind ; though I hope he will come to his senses when a man of your reputation under- takes anything in my behalf. Sir, I humbly beg of you to desire him (for they are such intimate friends) to be earnest in my behalf ; else, they will only drink our healths, and contribute nothing to my assistance. Sir, I think it would be no ill policy to pretend that I have friends who could make a great interest in court, if I did importune them to make use of it ; but this argument I leave to your prudence. I would entreat him, too, to make the same interest with Dr. Jackson, who always sides with ance Mr. Peachell, whose red nose makes me ashamed to be seen with him, though otherwise a good-natured man." Pepjs, on a visit to Cambridge in 1668, says, I find very few, only Hollins and Peachell, that were of my time." The following further notices of Pepys's correspondent have been supplied by Lord Braybrooke- John Peachell, J. T. P. Vicar of Stanwich, and Prebendary of Carlisle, made Blaster of Magdalen College, 1679; sus- pended 1687; restored 1688; and died 1690. Lord Dart- mouth, in a MS. note to Burnet's History, mentions that Dr. Peachell starred himself to death. Archbishop Bancroft having rebuked him for setting an in example in the University by drunkenness and other loose conduct, he did penance by four days' abstinence ; after which he would have eaten, but could not." Pepyss Correspondence. Q2 228 PEPYS TO DR. PEACIIELL. our Master. By this great favour you will eter- nally engage, Sir, Your most obliged, thankful servant, J. MARYON. PEPYS TO DR. PEACHELL. SIR, York Buildings, Aug. 14, 1680. You may very well censure my manners, for ad- venturing to solicit you for new favours before I have given you my acknowledgments for your last, when I had the honour to wait on you at Cambridge ; a duty I had sooner done, had it not been for the expectation I have had of an oppor- tunity of doing it yet sooner, upon the place, by an errand which (I thought) would have brought me again into your neighbourhood, and may yet, about Sturbridge-tide,* when I will not fail to kiss your hand. Give me leave, therefore, in the mean time to tell you that I have a kinsman, Mr. Maryon, of Clare Hall, to whom I am bound to wish well, and to contribute all I can towards his being so. And, in pursuance of that, am to tell you that * The time of the " great annual fair which continues a fort- night." The village is " two miles N.E. of Cambridge, on the road to Newmarket." PEPYS TO DR. PEACHELL. 229 there is a probationer's place now void in that college, to which I ara told he has a pretence equal to any man's, and in which there appears but one competitor with him, and he a person by some years his junior. The only impediment I under- stand him to have to contend with, is the dis- favour of the Master of that college, grounded upon a mistaken opinion he has been led to, of the estate which this friend of mine stands in hopes of, so as to render this addition to his pre- sent support less necessary to him. In which particular, chiefly, it is, that I take myself quali- fied to interpose myself on this occasion in his favour, from the knowledge I have; and desire you from me to believe, and represent to the Master (and, if you please, to Dr. Jackson), the uncertainty of the terms he can flatter himself with of any future advantages, or continuance of the present, from his father, upon considerations not so needful to be here particularized. Pray, therefoje, let me have the favour from you (whose friendship and interest in these gen- tlemen are, I am well assured, very potent), to rectify this miscalculation of theirs in reference to my kinsman, whom I find wholly averse to the making use of any court applications, which his friends would otherwise readily make in his favour. In which I shall most faithfully and respectfully 230 DR. PEACIIELL TO PEPYS. own your kindness, and pay it in all opportunities of service you shall give me, as becomes Your most humble and most affectionate servant, S. PEPYS. (Rawlinson, A. 194.) DR. PEACHELL TO PEPYS. Magdalen College, Cambridge, August 19, 1680. HONOURED SIR, I RECEIVED yours of the 15th instant on the 16th, and made all the haste I could to serve and satisfy you. It being neither very proper nor common for members of one college to solicit or meddle with the elections of another, I went as fairly and safely to work as I could. I first in- quired at the college who was Mr. Maryon's best friend at the same, and was told of one Mr. Hol- lis,* whom I presently sent for, informed myself of all circumstances, and took the best measures I could with him. Understanding by him that Sir Thomas Exton, Master of Trinity Hall,f and Dr. Coga, Master of Pembroke, (who are both much greater than I,) were written to upon the same account, I took their * Probably one of the King's chaplains, who had dined with Pepys in his cabin, 1660, May 24. Pepyss Diary. f Dean of the Arches, and Judge of the Admiralty Court. Diary, DR. PEACHELL TO PEPYS. 231 direction and assistance along with me too ; but, for aught I can discern, all to no purpose, for they '11 not be beat off the father's estate, better worth (they say) than all their college's ; alleging, moreover, his promise at election to his fellowship, viz. that, if he might be credited with that, he would never desire the profit of another ; which objections they alleged to me, and, I perceive, to others, I am persuaded, in speciem, and that some other thought or regret is uppermost, which they would not tell me of. I have a fair, easy acquaintance with the gen- tlemen you spake of, but nothing at all of potent interest, as you called it. Sir Thomas Sclater, Sir Thomas Exton, and Dr. Coga aforenamed, have that, if any, in the university ; the Bishops of Ely and Salisbury out of it. I perceive there will be two more probationers' places void shortly, and for the same reasons they will always oppose. Thus, sir, I have truly and respectively told you what I did do, what I can do, what others pro- bably may do, and what the college probably, of themselves, from time to time will do ; which, I pray, keep only to yourself, for your own satisfac- tion and for your friend's advantage. Thus much by this post. I reserve some other matter for another ; and am sorry, at the present, I am so much, Sir, Your unprofitable yet faithful servant, I. PEACHELL. * DR. GALE TO PEPYS. HONOURED SIR, August 20, 1680. LAST night, late, I received a sad account con- cerning my poor wife, in that she, by the violent motion of the coach, fell ill and miscarried, ten miles short from Cambridge ; that she had been in very great danger, but was yesterday somewhat better. I am now hastening to her, and must beg your excuse for my not waiting on you, which otherwise I had done this morning. The general account is now, that Dr. North* is not worse than of some time past he hath been. I hope that so- licitations will cease. The Archbishop continueth still very obliging. Sir, I kiss your hand as your most obliged servant, THO. GALE. * Dr. John North (younger son of Dudley Lord North), Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, D.D. Clerk of the Closet and Prebendary of Westminster. " He hath published," says Wood, " one sermon, and made a strict review of Plato's select dialogues de rebus divinis in Greek and Latin, purged many superfluous and cabalistical things thence, about the fourth part of them. He died at Cambridge, 1683, being then esteem- ed a good Grecian." Athen. Oxon. 233 DR. PEACHELL TO PEPYS. HONOURED SIR, August 24, 1680. I AM a little troubled that a person to whom I and the college are so much obliged should desire a service of me which I was improper, or at least unable, to fulfil. Mr. Hollis, of Clare Hall, will bear me witness I took the best measures, used the best method and motives, and engaged the most proper friends too about this business, that he and I could contrive or devise. I am sorry for Mr. Maryon's cause. I perceive all his acquaintance are concerned for him. I hope to wait on you, either at London or Cam- bridge, in a short time, and further prove myself, Sir, Your obliged and faithful servant, J. PEACHELL. I perceive they have resolved their election next Friday, if they anticipate not, out of suspicion. (Rawlinsoh, A. 191.) DR. JOHN TURNER TO PEPYS. SlR, Einesbury, August 26, 1680. I HAVE returned the Bible with most humble thanks, and hope you will receive it safe. The person for whom I borrowed it saith that it is 234 DR. JOHN TURNER TO PEPYS. not the Bible of Sixtus Quintus, but of Clemens Octavus, with the title of Sixtus. This he know- eth very well, having the originals of both by him. When Clemens had printed his translation, a little more than two years after that of Sixtus, the Protestants, showing some contradictions, and above 2000 varieties, in these two impressions, proclaim to all the world that one of these two popes must needs be. a fallible interpreter of the Scripture. The Church of Rome, sensible of this, endeavour whatever she can to call in all the im- pressions of Sixtus, and in several places cause that of Clemens to be printed under his name. This makes the true translation of Sixtus Quintus, which is very rare, to be of so great price. I will add much more that hath been said to me on this subject when I next wait on you, which I hope to do next November. I have received the letter of August 14, and have been at Brampton.* Sir, I shall be most ready upon all occasions to afford them what assistance or advice I am able ; being most thankfully sensible of your kindness and favours to me, Sir, Your most humble and faithful servant, JOHN TURNER. * Here follow in the MS. several pages of no public interest, respecting the pecuniary concerns of Pepys's family. PEPYS TO DR. PEACHELL. SlR, London, August 28, 1680. I AM very sorry my absence from town has so long prevented my answering your first, and there- by (I fear) begat you the trouble of your second, which I found at my return. I beg you to believe that you had obtained all I asked ; and, had my asking been of ten times the moment that it was, I could not have esteemed myself more bound to you than I do for the in- stance you have given me of your favour on this occasion, however the event fails of answering your kind endeavours and my wishes. I must confess I cannot presently comprehend the measures of the practice of Clare Hall, as being very different from that of other societies within my knowledge, where, in cases of competition be- tween persons otherwise equally worthy, and of exhibitions insufficient alone to make up a full maintenance, preference is usually, for their own honour's sake, given to those who have something of their own to render their bounties sufficient withal, than to such as, for want thereof, must be still driven to look abroad for completing their support. But my part is not to argue this matter, but to pay you my faithfullest thanks (which I do) for the part you have been pleased so kindly to perform on behalf of my friend Mr. Maryon, PEPYS TO DR. TURNER. who I doubt not will, as he has opportunity, join with me in them, as becomes both him and, Honoured sir, Your most obliged and obedient servant, S. PEPYS. PEPYS TO DR. TURNER. SlR, London, September 3, 1680. I AM newly returned from a small journey to Essex, and find both your letters, of the 26th and 30th ultimo ; of which, though the latter puts some stop to my present consideration of the for- mer, yet I cannot nor ought to forbear the return- ing you my most faithful thanks for your extra- ordinary friendship, expressed upon the occasion of its contents, which I must confess carry matters in it of very little satisfaction to me, unless it be that it would have been yet less satisfactory to have had my knowledge of it longer delayed. Since it has pleased God to have put this sick- ness upon my brother Jackson, I shall respite the offering you any new trouble on that subject till the event of that sickness appears ; and at present only add my further thanks to you for the safe re- turn of my Bible, wishing only that it had better answered your trouble of perusing it. Not but that, though its title at the beginning deceive us, the table at the end does make good that greater fallibility of the popes, which we Protestants please PEPYS TO MR. SHERES. 23? ourselves with, from those different translations of Scripture exposed by Sixtus and Clemens, with the additional cheat of putting the title-page of one pope to the text of the other. So, respectfully kissing your hands, I remain Your obliged and most humble servant, S. PEPYS. (Rawlinson, 194.) PEPYS TO MR. SHERES,* AT TANGIER. DEAR SlR, London, September 20, 1680. THE ladies in Lincoln's Inn Fields are well, and so must you be if their prayers can make you so, your late present furnishing them with a particu- lar grace for you every meal. For my picture, when I am sure you can keep it, you shall have it. Till then, I will secure it for you here ; as being apprehensive of falling into the Moors' hand, even in effigie. Dear Sir, Your most faithful and affectionate humble servant, S. PEPYS. 238 PEPYS TO MR. JAMES HOUBLON. SlR, Newmarket, October 2, 1680. MISRECKONING of time, in matters relating to my own interest, is no new error in me, and therefore the less wonderful that I am still here, attending upon an affair which I hoped to have gotten done in three days, namely, the getting something set- tled towards my satisfaction upon the arrear due to me for my almost twenty years' service ; the sum being too considerable, and the present junc- ture for my soliciting it, of too much importance to be lost, considering what is approaching.* What will be my success in it, I do not yet certainly fore- see ; but hope two days more will tell it me, and send me homewards, with a halt of one day only in Huntingdonshire, where I have not yet been. In the mean time I would not omit telling you where I am (as being everywhere yours), and giving you, your lady and family, my most humble services, who, I hope, are now drawing homewards too. I beg you also to kiss Monsieur Trench epaine's hand on my behalf, giving him the account of my being not yet returned to wait on him, as I hoped I should, and shall shortly. Our ministers are here ; but not a word of busi- ness, nor (one would think) so much as a thought of any, there seeming nothing now in motion but * Designing, probably, the disputes respecting the Duke of York's succession, which produced the Bill of Exclusion. MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. 239 dogs, hawks, and horses ; so that all matters look as if they were left to God Almighty to look after, and much more happy it might have been for us all had they been long ago so. And to His pro- tection leaving you and yours, I am your most affectionate and most obliged humble servant, S. PEPYS. MR. HEWER* TO PEPYS. HONOURED SlR, October 28, 1680. ACCORDING to what I promised you by Tues- day's post, I did this day, by the carrier, send you Mr. LTEstrange's -j* case, put in print, which will, at your leisure, be very well worth the reading. With it, I likewise sent you the votes of the Housed for yesterday ; and, enclosed, you will re- * In 1685 Mr. Hewer became M.P. for Great Yarmouth. f After the dissolution of Parliament, 1679, he set up " The Observator, to vindicate the measures of the court, and the cha- racter of the King from the charge of being popishly affected. In 1681 he exerted himself in ridiculing the popish plot with such vehemence, that it raised him many enemies. He died 1704, nearly eighty-eight, having survived his intellectuals." The following passage will show how unfavourably this Jaco- bite politician had been regarded by one part of the public. " 1679, Nov. 17. This being Queen Elizabeth's birth-day, the effigies of the Pope, the devil, Sir George Jefferies, Mr. L'Estrange, &c. were carried in procession, and burnt at Temple Bar by the Whig mob." C7iron. Hist. J " Oct. 27. Resolved {mm. con.), That it is and ever hath been the undoubted right of the subjects of England to petition the 240 MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. ceive a copy of what past this day,* which is all the news discoursed of, besides the confirmation of the account given about the success we had against the Moors at Tangier, in regaining Pole Fort and other places which the enemy were for- tifying.f There were very fine speeches made this King for the calling and sitting of parliaments and redressing of grievances. " That, to traduce such petitioning as a violation of duty, and to represent it to his majesty as tumultuous and seditious, is to betray the liberty of the subject, and contributes to the design of subverting the ancient legal constitution of this kingdom, and introducing arbitrary power. " That an address be made to his majesty, declaring the re- solution of this House to preserve and support the King's per- son and government, and the Protestant religion at home and abroad." See " Grey's Debates." * On " Bedlow's Testimony" at Bristol respecting the sup- posed popish plot, and " Sir Robert Cann's " expulsion and imprisonment for denying it, &c. see Grey's Debates. Wil- liam Bedlow died at Bristol, and in his dying words averred to the Lord Chief Justice North the truth of the popish plot, and that the Queen and the Duke of York were concerned in it, ex- cept as to the design against the King's life." Chron. Hist. j- The occurrences at Tangier appears to have occasioned the following publications : " The present danger of Tangier, or an account of its being attempted by a great army of the Moors by land, and under some apprehensions of the French at sea. In a letter from Cadiz, dated the 29th of July (O. S.) 1679, to a friend in England." The writer says of Tangier, " Many thousand Moors lye against it ; some say 150,000 : others more." He adds, " The Moors have (as confidently related) been assisted from some English with 1500 barrels of powder, landed at Algiers." Hence he not unreasonably concludes that " there are men in the world MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. 241 day in the House by Sir H. Capel, Mr. Harbord, and Mr. Bennett ;* the first setting forth how all public offices of trust, especially in the navy, were filled with Papists. The other gentlemen seconded that would sell their king, their country, their religion, their souls and all, to pope or Turk, or any other chapman, for money." "An exact Journal of the Siege of Tangier from March 25, 1680, to the late truce, May 19 ; in three letters, by three eye- witnesses of the whole transaction: 1680." " A Particular Relation of the late successes of his Majesty's forces against the Moors. Published by authority: Tangier, Sept. 23, 1680. In the Savoy, printed 1680. : ' The " cessation" had now " expired." The governor was " Lord Mordaunt, and Mr. Sheres, Surveyor-general." " A true Relation of a great and bloody fight between the English and the Moors before Tangiers, and of the bravery and heroic exploits done by the English." Fol. No date. * Grey has not named Capel or Bennett. To Harbord, M.P. for Thetford, he has attributed the following : " Ever since King James's time popery has been increased when the parliament has been dissolved, and suppressed whilst they have been sitting. Formerly, since the statutes against popery, due returns were made into the Exchequer of convic- tions of papists, and the Crown has been the better for it ; but it is not so now. But it is fit that those who give terror to the government should bear the more charge towards it. " But that you may proceed with more reputation, I would not go by this way of narrative at the bar. Therefore I move (though there be a sort of men who would cut people's throats, and ruin our religion,) that you will appoint a committee to receive informations. If you try the lords in the Tower, you cannot take evidence here. I move not for a secret committee they are like machinations of statesmen. I would appoint twelve gentlemen, and command them to attend that service." Debates, 1763. VOL. I. R 242 MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. him ; but after a little insisting upon that and the present danger of the plot, he did move that the House would presently fall upon the prepar- ing themselves to bring the lords to a trial,* and setting a time within which all informations relating to the plot should be brought in, that so they may put an end to the plot, and get his Ma- jesty's gracious and general pardon ; which being not well relished by the House, the debate ceased, and Mr. Bennett found them new work to dis- course of, which was more pleasing and agreeable to them. This is what is discoursed of without doors. Katherine is taken very ill, and has kept her bed these two or three days, the coachman being not yet recovered, though it is hoped he is somewhat better than he was. Sir Anthony Deane's business detains him yet in the country, though he longs to be in town, as I know you do ; but business is not to be neglect- * " 1678, Oct. 25. Gates having charged Earl Powis, Vis- count Stafford, Lords Arundel, Petre, Bellasis, and Sir Henry Titchburne, with high treason, they surrendered, and were com- mitted to the Tower." " Dec. 6. The Commons impeach the five lords of high trea- son, but do not exhibit articles." " 1679, April 4. Articles of impeachment were carried up against the five popish lords." Chron. Hist. " May 8. The Lords acquainted the Commons that the 14th instant was appointed for the trial of the five popish lords ; but the two Houses not agreeing as to the proceedings in the trials, they were not tried this sessions." Ibid. MR. JAMES HOUBLON TO PEPYS. 243 ed ; and if anything should happen that should make the company of either necessary in town, I shall not fail to advise you of it. In the mean time, with presentation of my mother's, and my own humble service and respects to yourself and Ma- dam Jackson, (whither I hope you have got safe, though we have not heard of you as yet,) I remain, Your very faithful and most obedient Servant, WM. HEWER. MR. JAMES HOUBLON TO PEPYS. SlR, London, October 30, 1680. I AM glad you had a safe journey out, and I hope, by the assistance of some good guide, you will so well extricate yourself out of your country mysteries, that you will not fall into the hands of lawyers, who have laboured in their calling for the general good of their successors, to perplex titles as much as some interested divines have our religion, so that our title to heaven is made out to be as difficult a matter as that we have to our lands. I hope, as you say, we shall soon have you here again. In the mean time, sir, save yourself as much as you can from a fenny ague by eating a good breakfast, and not being out late, nor without a good fire in the evening. As for news, I suppose you are not without the Votes, in the country. If you are, you will not R 2 244 MR. JAMES IIOUBLON TO PEPYS. long want that satisfaction, the parliament having ordered the Speaker to cause them daily to be printed. The time of the Commons hath been most taken up in expelling of Sir Robert Payton, Sir Robert Cann, and Sir Francis Withins, and in two addresses to the King in order to the suppress- ing of popery and discovery of the plot,* for both which they have received a satisfactory answer : and, next, that the House have heard Dangerfield, Dugdale,f and one Francisco, a Jew,:}: concerning the plot, whose narratives are not yet made public. From sea we have no news, except that we are, God help us ! totally without guard in the Me- diterranean. Not one man-of-war there. The Antelope was sent several months since, but not yet got beyond Cadiz, as we can hear of. That cursed money being so much coveted by our sea captains, robs us poor merchants of half the pro- tection the King intends us, and his treasure pays for. I wish I had some pleasanter matters to enter- * " Oct. 26. Ordered, that an humble address be presented to his Majesty for the pardon of such persons who shall, within a limited time, make satisfactory discovery to this House of the horrid popish plot." Grey's Debates. t " One Dugdale," says Burnet, " who had been Lord Aston's bailiff, and lived in a fair reputation in the country, was put in prison for refusing the oaths of allegiance and supremacy." Francisco de Faria, interpreter to the Portuguese ambas- sador. Referring, I apprehend, to the delays occasioned by the employment of the Royal Navy as merchantmen. PEPYS TO MR. HEWER. 245 tain you with ; but in these times we must not expect them. All your friends give you their humble service, and particularly myself, as being, Sir, Your most humble servant, JAS. HOUBLON. PEPYS TO MR. HEWER. SIR, Brompton, November 2, 1680. AFTER my sending away mine of the 31st of the last month, I received yours of the 30th, which gives me occasion of praising God on your behalf, with relation to the evil you were so near sustaining from your neighbour's fire. Indeed, the very men- tion of it (though it pleased God to prevent its effects) put me into great pain ; and I hope it will conduce to the awakening in your neighbours and self a great caution in that particular. Pray present my most humble service to Airs. Hewer, whom in an especial manner I pity upon the account of the affright. I now send you a letter to Sir Thomas Beck- ford,* together with a draught of a petition for him, and a paper of notes relating to it, whereto I * The person, probably, or one of the family, thus intro- duced : " 1668-9. Presented from Captain Beckford, with a noble silver warming-pan." Pepys's Diary. 246 PEPYS TO MR. HEWER. refer both you and him, with wishes from my heart for his good success. Notwithstanding what I wrote in my last about your coachman, he has made such submissions and promises of amendment, that I shall not pursue my resolution of sending him presently up, but will see if he will keep his word with me. I am extremely sorry for the trouble you have by my coachman's continuing still ill, and the ad- dition made to it by my maid's sickness ; but trust in God, for Mrs. Hewer's and your sake as well as their own, that they will not be long in their re- covery. Pray give my services to Crouched-Fryars, Win- chester Street, East India House, and to all my friends at home and abroad. I am mightily engaged to Mr. Gibson, as I am to you, for the newspapers ; but I hope the late vote * will soon ease you both in that particular. I am going this morning to [ ],f in hopes of getting a court there to-day, which makes this the shorter ; but if I get back time enough for the post, I shall lengthen it ; if not, the next shall supply it. I thank you for the remembering my linen and papers, and pray you to send me the parcel of blank papers and books, which I forgot to bring along with me, though I had laid them apart to * Probably Oct. 27. f Illegible in MS. PEPYS TO MR. JAMES HOUBLON. 247 that purpose in one of the drawers on the right hand of my scrutoire, with flute and music books ; but those you may let alone till I am more at lei- sure for them. There is also in the same drawer a collection of my Lord of Rochester's poems, written, before his penitence, in a style I thought unfit to mix with my other books. However, pray let it remain there ; for, as he is past writing any more* so bad in one sense, so I despair of any man surviving him to write so good in another. The weather is so very stormy with us here, that I cannot but wish to hear the Duke and Duchess were well landed.f Which is all at present from Your faithful, affectionate servant, S. PEPYS. PEPYS TO MR. JAMES HOUBLON. SlR, Brampton, Nov. 14, 1680. MY last said I should be in town the beginning of this week ; but (to tell you the truth) though there be no place (I thank God) where I dare * He had deceased July 26, 1680. For an anecdote respect- ing " that worthy fellow, my Lord of Rochester, Tom Kiili- grew," and "the King," see "1668-9, Feb. 17." Pepyss Diary. t In Scotland. The Duke and Duchess of York had left Whitehall, October 20. 248 PEPYS TO MR. JAMES HOUBLON. not show my head, yet there is one where I am ashamed to show my face again till I have done something (that ought long since to have been done) for securing the remembrance of what I am owing there, though I can never hope to discharge it, and that is at a namesake's of yours in Win- chester Street. But don't mistake me, that his forgetfulness I am jealous of, and not my own ; for it is no less possible for me, or just, to forget myself as him, without whom I am not sure I should, ere this, have been myself. But he, you must know, is one of so tender a memory, that there is no good deed of his own that will stick in it, for he shall do you twenty good offices before he will think them one ; nay, and do them with more thanks than he will endure to take from him he does them to. To supply which, I have bethought myself of fastening my picture (as a present) upon him, in hopes that, when he sees that, it will be out of his power not to recollect his errands on my score to Westminster Hall, his visit to the lions, his pass- ings over the bridge to the Patten in Southwark, and a thousand other things which, by his good will, he would never come within the hearing of. Nay, in my conscience, if he knew this were the design of my present, he would turn his head a' one side every time he comes in sight on't. And even, lest he should do so, I have been fain to think of an assistant device ; and that is, to send PEPYS TO MR. JAMES HOUBLON. 249 a small bribe to every one of his family, to get them, in such a case, to be putting in some word or other as he passes by, to make him look upon it ; as thus : " Was Mr. Pepys in these clothes, father, when you used to go to the Tower to him r Or thus : " Lord, cousin, how hath this business of Scott altered my poor cousin Pepys since this was done !" Or thus : " What would I give for a plot, Jemmy, to get you laid by the heels, that I might see what this Mr. Pepys would do for you." With these helps, I don't doubt but it will do ; at least so far as to stick an impression upon the young ones of what, in their father's right, (if he won't,) they may challenge from me as they shall grow big enough to make work for me, and find me be- come not too little to do them any. I make it, therefore, my request, that by your hand these small mementos may be distributed to the end and use aforesaid. Upon notice whereof from Mr. Hewer I shall appear in town again, and not sooner. I am, dear Sir, Your most obliged and most affectionate humble servant, S. PEPYS. 250 MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. SlR, Nov. 15, 1680. BY Saturday's post I wrote to you from Sir Anthony Deane's ; and being detained on business at that end of the town till it was too late to send to the post, after I came home I could not send you the inclosed bill of fifty pounds, which I paid here upon sight ; being tendered but upon Satur- day last, and was paid by Thomas in my absence ; and, not knowing what occasion you may have for the money before your leaving Brampton, I thought fit (rather than stay for the next post) to send David on purpose with it, hoping that he will be with you to-morrow morning. I dined yesterday at my Lord Brounker's, and supped at Mr. Houblon's, from all of whom I had command to present you with their services. From the ladv belonging to the former family* I under- stand that the King has very lately received a * Mrs. Williams, whom Pepys, fifteen years before, had thus introduced to his readers : " 1665, Nov. 1. My Lord Brounker with us to Mrs. Wil- liams's lodgings, and Sir W. Batten, Sir Edmund Pooly, and others ; and there, it being my lord's birth-day, had every one a green riband tied in our hats very foolishly, and methinks mighty disgracefully, for my lord to have his folly with this woman so open to all the world. " 1666-7. Mrs. Turner do tell me very odd stories how Mrs. Williams do receive the applications of people, and hath pre- sents, and she is the hand that receives all, while my lord do the business." Diary. MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. 251 letter from Scotland, wherein the whole council, nobility, and gentry of that place return the King their hearty thanks for the honour he has done them in sparing his brother,* and affording them his company ; that they will, with their lives and fortunes, stand by him and his brother in main- taining the just right of the succession. Upon Friday last my Lord Mayor called a Com- mon Hall, which ended in an address the city made to his Majesty, carried up the said evening by the Mayor, wherein they humbly returned his Majesty their grateful thanks for the sitting of the parliament, and humbly prayed that they might sit till the plot was thoroughly found out, and the persons guilty brought to punishment. To which his Majesty, contrary to everybody's expectation, gave them this answer : That he did believe what they offered was out of a great deal of good will to him ; but it being a matter not proper, nor in their sphere to meddle or concern themselves in, he did advise them to mind and look after the city concerns, and not harbour or follow the ad- vice of those that wished well neither to him nor them. If they did, they would find it would fall heavy on them. On Saturday, the Speaker, with the House, at- tended his Majesty with an humble address,f as * Whom he had sent into Scotland, to abate the active hos- tility of the exclusionists. t " Drawn up," says Ralph, " under the sanction of Sir W. 252 MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. you will find by their votes ; but his Majesty re- ceiving without returning any answer thereto, makes us very melancholy, for fear the Parliament may be prorogued, which at this time would gene- rally be thought of very ill consequence to the public. Pray God direct and guide his Majesty and parliament to the taking of such resolutions as may tend to the safety and preservation of our government and the Protestant religion, which has been, and is thought now to be, in so great danger. I hope your letter of this day will ascertain the day of your coming to town, and which way, for Mr. Houblon's family are very earnest to know ; and against that time I am taking care to provide a mourning chariot for a month's time, and shall meet you at Highgate with it, in regard it will be, on many considerations (beside that of the respect you design to pay the deceased*), fit for you to appear in here in town. I shall not give you any further trouble now, referring you to the printed narratives, which you will herewith receive from David. Tendering you the services and good wishes of all our family, I remain Your ever faithful and most obedient servant, WM. HEWER. Jones." According to Sir W. Temple, "having the fame of being the greatest lawyer in England, and a very wise man." See Grey's Debates. * Pepys's father. 253 MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. SlR, York Building, Tuesday, Nov. 16, 1680. SINCE mine, of yesterday morning, by David, whom I sent on purpose for the reasons therein ex- pressed, I have received yours of the 14th, with the enclosed for Mr. Houblon, and have exactly complied with your commands in relation to the several presents designed to that family, and in the manner you directed ; videlicet, by putting up the several things wrapped up in paper, and sub- scribed to each, in a box, leaving it, with your own picture (carefully done up in a coarse cloth), early this morning, at Mr. Houblon's, as from you ; and two hours after I sent him your letter, and af- terwards acquainted him myself, upon the 'Change, with your determination touching your return to town. And whereas in my said letter I acquainted you that I did purpose to meet you at Highgate with a mourning chariot,* I shall now endeavour to meet you at Barnet on Friday, about eleven of the clock in the morning, but not with the mourn- ing chariot, in regard the ways are so bad. I had not said anything before of the precise time of your return to Mr. Houblon, so as they were not at any trouble about it ; and as to the regard you have, and which you so kindly men- * Mr. Pepys was now about to return from Brampton, after his father's funeral. 254 MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. tion, in relation to myself, as I know nothing can make my life more uneasy to me than your making any other place your home while I have one, so I I am sure, if it shall not be thought inconvenient for you, (to which, for your sake, I shall always submit,) your being with me can't be any to me ; assuring you, whatever times shall come, nothing shall withhold me from making your concerns my own while I live. And though the integrity and faithfulness wherewith his majesty and the public have for so many years been served by us, may not at present protect and support us from malicious reports and calumnies of evil men, yet I am satis- fied that God Almighty, who is always just, will make it up to us some other way, to the shame of those who do now triumph over us. And I thank God, if I know my own heart, I am much more contented in my present condition than I ever was in any. I am heartily sorry to understand that your sis- ter's ague continues so bad, being but an ill com- panion at this time of the year. And pray (upon the account of her illness) consider whether it may not be fit for you to leave Loraine behind you for a little time, with work for him to do ; and though it may be some present inconvenience to you, yet, in my opinion, there may be that good use made of it as may counterbalance it ; but if not, you may have him up in two or three days in case MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. 255 you shall not find it necessary to return, he know- ing nothing but that you do intend to be down again. There are many reasons which I shall sa- tisfy you in about it at our meeting ; therefore you may so order it as to leave him, on your sister's illness and your intentions of returning, speedily. Enclosed is a copy of the city's address to the King on Friday last, and of the parliament's on Saturday, of which I gave you a short account in mine by David, who, I hope, got well down to you with the bill of exchange of 50/. I paid here for my Lady Bernard's use. Yesterday the bill against the Duke of York was carried up to the Lords by my Lord Russel, and after several debates (which held them till eleven of the clock at night) the bill was cast out, there being thirty-one for and sixty-three against it ; which has made many heavy hearts about it, and none but Almighty God knows what effects it will produce. This only I am informed of by Sir J. B. this morning, that, upon a motion made in the House by Sir J. Hotham, the Commons in great disorder adjourned till to-morrow morning, without doing any business to-day. Pray God direct the King and them in their taking such re- solutions as may tend as well to his honour and safety, as the preservation of our religion and pro- perties. Which is all the trouble I shall give you at pre- 256 MR. SHERIDAN TO PEPYS. sent, save the tenders of our most humble services and respects to yourself and sister ; remaining Your most faithful and ever obedient servant, WM. HEWER. MR. SHERIDAN TO PEPYS. SlR, December 18, 1680. THOUGH 1 have not the honour of your acquaint- ance, I have sense enough to value and desire it, and to wish for any opportunity of being better known to you. You will, perhaps, wonder at my confidence, that upon so slender a pretence as once dining with you, and meeting you elsewhere by such another accident, I should give you the trou- ble of a letter, and a recommendatory one too ; but when you know the person, you will, I am confident, pardon the presumption. Dr. Wood, my very good friend of many years' standing, is a candidate for mathematical reader at Christ Church Hospital ; and being, he thinks himself, more a stranger to you than I am, desired from me a few lines, which, if they could do him no good, (as indeed, having no interest in you, I cannot hope,) they could not, he concluded, do any hurt. I will only say this of him, that if you knew him as well as I do, you would believe him not only a very honest gentleman, but a very learned person, and particularly in the mathema- MR. SHERIDAN TO PEPYS. 25~ tics ; wherein Mr. Oughtred* has done him the justice to give his eulogy in the Preface to his * " William Oughtred, an English divine, celebrated for his uncommon skill in the mathematical sciences, the darling ob- ject of his life, and what he called the more than Elysian Fields. He became so eminent in them, that his house was continually filled with young gentlemen who came thither for his instruc- tions. He died in 1660, aged eighty-six. Collier says, that, upon hearing of the vote at Westminster for the Restoration, he expired in a sudden ecstasy of joy." Whiston, in his Memoirs, says " I have heard Sir Isaac Newton say, that no old men (excepting Dr. Wall is) love ma- thematics." Yet Lloyd, in his Memoirs, describes Oughtred as not only facetious in Greek and Latin, but also " solid in arith- metic, geometry, and the sphere of all measures, music, &c. ; exact in his style as in his judgment, handling his tube and other instruments at eighty as steadily as others did at thirty, owing this, as he said, to temperance and archery." " Fallen on evil days," this accomplished student found a re- source probably little expected. It is thus described in Lilly's interesting autobiography : " About this time (1646) the most famous mathematician of all Europe, Mr. William Oughtred, parson of Aldbury in Surrey, was in danger of sequestration. Several inconsiderable articles were deposed and sworn against him, material enough to have sequestered him ; but that, upon his day of hearing, I applied myself to Sir Bulstrode Whitlock and all my own old friends, who in such numbers appeared in his behalf, that though the chairman and many other Presbyterian members were stiff against him, yet he was cleare^ by the major number. The truth is, he had a considerable parsonage, and that only was enough to sequester any moderate judgment. He was also well known to affect his majesty." See " The Life of William Lilly, student in astrology. Wrote by himself in the sixty-sixth year of his age, at Hersham, in the parish of Walton upon Thames, in the county of Surrey, pro- pria nmnx." VOL. I. S 258 MR. SHERIDAN TO PEPYS. Clavis* inserting his name with the Bishop of Salisbury,! Dr. Wallis, and Sir Christopher Wren ; nor does he deserve honour for his universal learn- ing only, but for his general knowledge of men, of government, of the affairs of the world, and, very extraordinarily, of the revenue, wherein he has been already, and might be again, useful to his prince and country. I have not said one word in compliment or flat- tery, but spoke my thoughts sincerely. I recom- mend him to you, not that I have the vanity [to suppose] he can receive advantage by my charac- ter, but that I believe you will be pleased with the * " Arithmeticae in numeris et speciebus institutio, quae turn logisticae, turn analytics, atque totius mathematicse Clavis est." t Seth Ward, who, in early life, had resided for some time with Oughtred. " Bishop Ward had the misfortune to outlive his senses se- veral years. He lived to the Revolution, but without knowing anything of the matter, and died in 1689, aged seventy-one. He was a man of great abilities and learning, a profound mathema- tician, and well skilled in polite literature. He was very zealous for the established hierarchy, and engaged in the persecution of the nonconformists with a rigour very inconsistent with the spirit of Christianity." Yet, according to Dr. Pope, his biographer, "Bishop Ward was very charitable and hospitable. The meanest curates were wel- come to his table, and he never failed to treat them with affa- bility and kindness. Besides what he gave away at the palace- gate, where he constantly relieved a great number of poor, he inquired after those the French call pawvres honteaux, who wanted, and were ashamed to beg, and sent them money to their houses." MR. SHERIDAN TO PEPYS. 259 conversation of so very ingenious a person, for whom, because such, (not at my instance,) I pro- mise myself you will not be wanting to show him all the favour in your power. Your pardon for this trouble, and your belief that I will own myself obliged by your civilities to the doctor, is humbly entreated by, Sir, Your very humble and obedient servant, THO. SHERIDAN. The doctor will tell you this name at bottom is not frightful no traitor's, though oppressed for the sake of another. When the greater stars thus suffer an eclipse, there must be a general darkness.* * The " name at bottom" of this letter occurs in " The Ellis Correspondence," though several years later. Thus, in a letter dated London, June 26, 1686," and addressed to " John Ellis, Esq., secretary of his majesty's revenue in Ireland," the anony- mous writer says : " George Bennyon and young Binns are declared Papists, and Thomas Sheridan." Again : " Nov. 30, 1686. Tyrconnel makes all the visible preparations for the chief government of your kingdom, as coaches, plate, beds, &c., and Tho. Sheridan his chief secretary." Also, "Jan. 11, 1687," among Lord Tyrconnel's " Privy Councillors," is " Mr. Thomas Sheridan, his lordship's secretary." Still later, in a news-letter, " June 21, 1688," is the following passage : " Mr. Sheridan's case in Ireland is heard and reported ; how favourable for him we cannot tell." See "Ellis' Correspondence;" and also, "Cor- respondence of Henry Earl of Clarendon." S 2 260 MR. POVEY TO PEPYS. SlR, December 29, 1680. YESTERDAY Dr. Wood dined with me, and very patiently heard me discourse over those several considerations you and I had concerning him. He left me convinced that the matter was not indeed worth those inclinations he hath showed to it, and that he would rather now make a decent retreat than advance into a further competition. It remains now to advise whether he shall de- sert the pursuit altogether, or, by a respectful let- ter to Sir John Frederick,* leave it to the free choice of the electors, without any further applica- tions in his own person. To which purpose I have, by his desire, drawn the inclosed letter, which you may please to peruse, alter, or correct, according to your better sense, and the knowledge of the per- sons to whom it is addressed, and to give me your opinion also, by a note to-morrow morning, what, upon the whole matter, may be advisable for this good man to do in this juncture. I find him so generous, that he intends an assist- ant to himself, who should divide the little profit as well as the pains ; and that the principal incli- nation which leads him toward this employment is, indeed, his want of health in Essex ; and that he may hereby save house-rent, and ease his ex- pense. To which I answer, that I do not at all * Lord Mayor in 1663. PEPYS TO M. MORELLI. 261 doubt but that, if he shall leave the country, and take some little dwelling here, and shall conde- scend to read in his own chamber to such as may be recommended to him, he may, with at least as much reputation and profit, employ and enjoy himself. T. POVEY. PEPYS TO M. MORELLI. MONSIEUR MORELLI, January 15, 1681. SINCE mine to you, by Thursday's post, I received your letter and box, for which I give you very kind thanks, being exceedingly satisfied with every thing therein, particularly with " Our Father " and the " Hallelujah," and your sending the music to the song you mention, without the words. Xow, if the occasion hold for coming to town for a day, as you proposed when I was with you, pray observe the caution in my last on Thursday for preventing inconveniences, especially at this time, both to me and you, should it be observed ; and let your stay be no longer than is just neces- sary, this being a difficulty which has lately befallen him who writes this for me; a sugges- tion no less false and malicious, of his being a papist, than that cast on you, of being a priest ; and forces him, (for the same reason, of prevent- ing inconveniences to me as well as to him,) to 262 PEPYS TO M. MORELLI. forbear appearing abroad ever since his coming to town, until he shall have collected the evidences necessary for the proving, not only his profession of protestancy, (for, at this time, that alone is not enough to secure a man,) but that his whole family, both by father and mother, are known protestants in France, and sufferers for being so, and himself by them bred up as such from his cradle: and I am sure he was recommended to my service by a protestant minister, a man very eminent both at home and abroad. But I hope God Almighty will, in his due time, deliver us from the " lying tongues" men- tioned in your last anthem, for which, this gives me occasion of again thanking you, as being words very well chosen with respect to my pre- sent case, and those words well set. Which, with my services to the whole family with you, is all at present from Your truly affectionate friend, S. PEPYS.* * The next letter among the MSS. is dated " March 13, 1681," from Sir Edward Villiers to Colonel Legg, the first Lord Dartmouth. " Mr. Pepys " is named as the person who can inform " his Highness" the Duke of York "how unjustly" the writer had been dealt with by the Trinity House ; " but the Master, and many of them, being ashamed of their first report, have promised a second hearing." 263 M.MORELLI TO PEPYS. HONOURED SlR, Easter Monday, April 4, 1681. WITH my most humble respects, I send the fair writings of Batest's Operas, and soon as you shall be pleased to send the ruled paper, for the Psalms' intonations. As for the songs you intend to sing with Mrs. Houblon, I shall fall to work at it. In the mean time, be assured of the faith- fulness in executing your commands, being, with all my soul, Honoured Sir, Your most obliged servant, CESARE MORELLI. Mr. and Mrs. Slater and all her family present their humble services to you. MR. THOMAS TEDDIMAN* TO PEPYS. HONOURABLE SlR, Dover, May 9, 1681. LEST you should hear of an unfortunate acci- dent on a relation of mine, whose name is Roberts, and might think it the person you recommended as a volunteer on board Captain Rooke,f he is not the man, but his brother. * Probably a relation of Admiral Sir Thomas Teddiman, who died 1668. t Afterwards the celebrated Admiral Sir George Rooke. He died 1709, aged 57, leaving behind him, says Dr. Camp- bell, a moderate fortune, so moderate, that when he came to make his will, it surprised those that were present : but Sir George assigned this reason; I do not leave much, but what 264 MR. THOMAS TEDDIMAN TO PEPYS. So far as we can find or dive into it, it hath been a long design intended by this Joseph Drew on Mr. Roberts, who endeavoured to decline it as much as possibly might be. When he had wounded Mr. Roberts, at the same time he threw himself upon his sword, of which wound he imme- diately died. Mr. Roberts never intended Drew any injury, although it will be proved he often said that nothing would satisfy him but Roberts's heart's blood. This accident happened at Rosas in Spain. I do humbly beg the favour of your judgment, herein believing you might know some precedent of this, or the like nature, during the time your honour was in this employ:* being your honour's most humble servant, THO. TEDDIMAN. I leave was honestly gotten : it never cost a sailor a tear, or the nation a farthing. Noble, in continuation of Granger, says, "When he was Captain Rooke, and stationed upon the Essex coast, the ague proved fatal to many of his crew, whose bodies were sent ashore, and interred by the clergyman of a conti- guous parish for some time, without the usual payment of burial fees. Those were, at length, peremptorily demanded, and ac- companied with a declaration, that no more would be granted Christian burial unless the dues were discharged. Rooke, exasperated, ordered the body of the next man who died to be placed upon the table of the clergyman's kitchen. Alarmed and disgusted, the priest sent a messenger to inform the naval officer, that if he would convey away the lifeless inmate, he would readily bury him and the whole ship's crew for nothing." * Secretary to the Admiralty. 265 MR. MARYON TO PEPYS. HONOURED SIR, August 8, 1681. SIR Thomas Page* is just now dead, and, hear- ing you say you could be content to live at Cambridge, I presume to send a man to acquaint you with it. The preferment is seven hundred pounds per annum, and I am sure you would be as accept- able a man as the King could present. So that, if no time be lost, I should, with all the joy ima- ginable, salute you Provost, for a mandate will certainly make you so. Sir, Your most obedient servant, S. MARYON. Sir, I humbly crave an answer. MR. MARYON TO PEPYS. Cambridge, August 8, 1681. HONOURED SIR, Nine o'clock at night. FOR fear my messenger to Brampton might not meet you there, I presume to acquaint you, that this night Sir Thomas Page died. Hearing you say you would be content to live in a university, I thought it my duty to give you information of it since your interest can com- mand it. The preferment is seven hundred * Provost of King's College. 266 MR. MARYON TO PEPYS. pounds per annum. You would, I am sure, be a man as acceptable as the King could present, not only to that college, but to the whole uni- versity. I humbly beg your pardon if I am too officious. Sir, Your most obedient servant, S. MARYON. The statutes require the person to be in Dea- con's orders, but the King can dispense with that. To Samuel Pepys, Esq. at Mr. Hewer's house in York Buildings. Del. with all possible speed. PEPYS TO MR. MARYON, FELLOW OF CLARE HALL, CAMBRIDGE. Sir, August 10th, 1681. I OWN, with infinite thanks, the kindness of yours of the 8th instant, and the trouble you gave yourself in your most obliging message to me at Brampton, from whence I have been a week returned. Your letter came to hand yesterday, in the evening of which another from you, on the same subject, was also communicated by my cousin, Wynn Houblon,* giving more instances of your friendship at once, and in one occasion, than * Son of Sir James Houblon. See Pepys s Correspondence, Oct. 13, 1700. PEPYS TO MR. MARYON. 267 would have sufficed another (though much more engaged to it than you have been, or, I fear, ever can be by me) for a whole life. As to the matter proposed, I acknowledge it to be not only a most honourable one, but, to me in particular, (under the present inclination I have to retirement,) most agreeable; and I am apt to think my Royal Master, the King, wants not goodness, more than enough, to bestow it on me, could I think myself as adequately fitted for that, as, in all its circumstances, it would suit with me. But, indeed, cousin Maryon, I cannot be so self- partial as to pretend to it, there requiring a much greater stock of academic knowledge to the ca- pacitating a man to fill this province, to which your too good-will would advance me, than I am furnished with, or, at this time of day, can with any industry ever hope to acquire. Besides, however I might be induced (from a possibility of supplying, by some other way of usefulness to the College, what I should fall short of in knowledge) to embrace the proposition, in case I saw any other of no better nor more right- ful pretence than myself bidding for it, I cannot believe a foundation of that quality can be with- out a store of pretenders of its own breed, suf- ficient to put a just stop to the attempts of any foreigner. One of this kind, in particular, I have understood to be already proposed to the King by my worthy friend Mr. Legg, videlicet, his 268 PEPYS TO MR. MARYON. tutor, whose name I don't at present remember ; but he is said to be, both by education, standing, and learning, entitled beyond any competition, if merit have the determining, as God forbid but it should. On which considerations I cannot persuade myself to interpose in this matter. Besides that, what I mentioned the other day, and you so kindly remember, concerning a disposition to retirement, I fear may not be so fully answered this way, as I intended in my mention of it ; which was no less than a total seclusion from pomp and envy, as well as noise and care. This, I doubt, would give me no perfect exemption from either. Take, therefore, in kind part, that I make no further use of your so extraordinary friendship, or rather fondness, on my behalf in this matter, than to wish myself worthy of it, and yet, that one more worthy may have it, and that one were you. I will not doubt of living to see you possessed, though not of this, of something more worthy of you than what the University or Church have yet found for you. Nor, shall I enjoy my whole wish, if (in return for this your kindness to me) I find not myself some time or other in condition of being serviceable to you towards it. I am, your obliged and most affectionate hum- ble servant, S. PEPYS. I am your debtor for your messenger to Bramp- ton. 269 MR. MARYON TO PEPYS. Cambridge, Aug. 12, 1681, late at Night. MOST HONOURED SlR, I AM sorry one of my letters was lost, and that the other came so late to your hands. My most thankful acknowledgment for your good wishes I cannot express ; but, my desires being on such reasonable grounds, I am concerned you seek to decline it. The scruples you raise, your merits confute, for, were it convenient to communicate your let- ter, the whole society would answer those objec- tions ; they, every hour, wishing for such a man as you, or but your mean representative. Ho- noured sir, you resolved not to be self-partial, pray be not self-prejudicial. Your knowledge, sufficiency, and usefulness, are great arguments for you, and your diffidence makes me presume to tell you so. All the pretenders the College is informed of, are Dr. Price and Mr. Upman ; neither of which, as I can learn, were tutors to Mr. Legg, or, if they were, (by the conversation I have with many of that society,) I find they would not be danger- ous competitors with such a man as you. Be- sides, I have good reason to conclude that you may live in the pomp, without either envy, noise, or care. 270 M. MORELLI TO PEPYS. With the highest sense of gratitude, I sub- scribe, Sir, your most obliged servant, S. MARYON. M. MORELLI TO PEPYS. HONOURED SlR, Brentwood, Monday, Aug. 15, 1681. SATURDAY last I did receive seven pounds ster- ling, which you were pleased to send by the coach of this place, for which I give you my most hearty thanks ; so that I did receive by your own hand, and by your orders, since the 4th of November 1678, till Saturday the 13th of August 1681, eighty -five pounds sterling, seventeen shillings and sixpence. What I did receive in that sum afore-mentioned more than was amounting to pay my board, let it be taken off, if you please, from the thirty pounds sterling yearly allowed me from that time I had the honour of dedicating myself wholly to your service. My wants are mighty great, being quite unprovided of linen and clothes. I am mighty glad of your motion of bringing down with you my Lady Mordaunt* and her sis- ter. You need not lodge at an inn, Mr. Slater's house having accommodation enough both for you and for them. Besides, Mrs. Slater and he would * Granger mentions a print inscribed Lady Henrietta Mor- daunt, daughter of Charles Earl of Peterborough, who married the Duke of Gordon, and died in 1728. PEPYS TO COLONEL LEGG. 271 take it mighty ill that you should lie at an inn. He does not judge your coming to his house, which kept once both you and Mr. Houblon, his lady and two or three of her children, a trouble, but rather an honour ; and it will be more conve- nient for the ladies, and make less noise in the town, which noise would spread itself round about, the people here being mighty inquisitive. Hoping to enjoy your company very shortly, with my humble services to my Lady Mordaunt and her sister, I remain Your most obedient and faithful servant, CESARE MORELLI. Mr. and Mrs. Slater present their humble ser- vices to you. PEPYS TO COLONEL LEGG. SIR, August 16, 1681. SINCE we parted I have had another intimation from Cambridge touching the same matter ; of which I mean not to make any other use than telling you I find several applications on foot about it. So you cannot be too soon in putting in exe- cution what you proposed in favour of your tutor, whose pretensions must be judged superior to any that can be offered in competition. If, nevertheless, it shall fall out that those his pretensions shall come under any danger of being 272 PEPYS TO COLONEL LEGGE. overborne by a foreigner, and in that case my Lord Hyde should concur with you in the consi- derations discoursed of by us this morning relating to myself, I would, in one word, show you that I am not led to the entertainment of this sudden proposal on any other score than the retirement I should (after twenty years' continued bustle) ob- tain in the neighbourhood of my other small con- cernments,* and the hopes of improving that retire- ment to the benefit of the King my master, and the satisfaction of his royal highness the Duke of York, in putting together (for the public use) my collections so many years in the navy and admiralty, which nothing but an entire leisure will ever enable me to do. This I would satisfy you in by telling you, that (however else I may be useful to the college) the whole profit of the first year, and whatever portion (not less than a full half) you shall direct of every succeeding year during my relation to it, shall be dedicated to the general and public use of the col- lege, in such manner as you in particular (with the well-liking of the King) shall advise. But still I mention this with a reserve of right to be first done to the worthy doctor your tutor. I am Your most affectionate and humble servant, S. PEPYS. * His family and estate at Brampton. 273 MR. JOSEPH HILL (FROM HOLLAND) TO PEPYS. SlR, September 1, 1681. HAVING so opportune a bearer as your own ser- vant, I cannot pass the presenting you with my respects, and letting you know that, being tired with the fuss of both parties in London, I re- tired hither, where I shall always be ready to serve you. I live to my own content in great peace and quietness, above the frowns of fortune, and below the envy of my enemies. For public news, the bearer will tell you more than I can write. I would only beg of you, and of all I know, to use all your skill and interest to allay the heats among you, which, I am afraid, in the issue will ruin us all. The French threatening Flanders, our statesmen project all ways possible to preserve our peace, which is not only our constant interest for trade and flourishing, but now necessary for our very being ; for they begin to think you are no longer to be relied on in regard of your unsettledness ; and we have none else to succour us, and are not able alone to withstand the power of France ; so that some say we must take the French King for our protector ; some, that we must serve him, and be at his devotion, or anything, as he will have VOL. i. T 274 MR. JOSEPH HILL TO PEPYS. us, rather than contest. They look upon the par- liament in Scotland as averse to the Duke's de- signs ; and if they should not, yet of little moment, so long as the English comply not, which they see little hopes of. Therefore, fearing next spring will become cri- tical, they will be at work this winter in framing something to save themselves, awhile at least ; and though the Prince* assures them of his Majesty's promise of calling a parliament if the French fall into Flanders, yet I perceive that satisfies not many amongst us on several accounts, which you may easily imagine. I suppose, by what I hear, you will have the Prince over again ere long. What success that will have time will show, and many longingly expect. The sad sufferings of the poor Protestants in France we endeavour to alleviate all we can, and to allay those that hanker that way, not without good effect. What the all-wise disposing Providence may bring forth for the support of the declining Pro- testant interest I know not ; but in human ap- pearance, so far as I can see, if you comply not more, and we all combine not, we shall at last be lost, and it may be sooner than most think. The rest gives you, and my friends, Sir Robert * Probably of Orange. MR. JOSEPH HILL TO PEPYS. 275 Southwell,* Sir Robert Sawyer,f and your neigh- bour Mr. Bridgman, my unfeigned respects, as- suring you that, wherever I am, I shall always be Your very friend and servant, Jos. HILL. * Of an ancient family in Ireland, distinguished by royal favour in the reigns of the Tudors. Sir Robert was sent to England for education. From Queen's College, Oxford, he re- moved to Lincoln's Inn, and thence went a tour on the conti- nent. Charles II. sent him as envoy extraordinary to Portugal, 1665; Brussels, 1671 ; and Brandenburgh, 1679. On his arrival at the Hague, Sir Robert deferred his journey, in order to pay his court to William Prince of Orange, which was of great future advantage to him, as William, upon obtaining the English throne, made him a privy councillor and secretary for Ireland. Sir Robert, adds Noble, was a senator as well as a secre- tary, and a liberal patron of the sciences. He was appointed, at five different elections, President of the Royal Society. He died 1702, aged sixty. Of his wife, who " died 1681, aged thirty- three," it is recorded, I trust correctly, that " she had all the perfections of beauty, behaviour, and understanding that could adorn this life, and all the inward blessings of virtue and piety which might entitle her to a better." + Attorney-general from 1681 to 1687. He approved him- self in some very delicate points, and upon many important oc- casions, a judicious and expert lawyer. Granger adds, He has been justly censured for his harsh treatment of Lord Russell on his trial. Pemberton, on the contrary, treated him with a gentleness and candour that did him much honour. Sir Robert Sawyer died 1692. T 2 276 MR. HILL TO PEPYS. g IR> Rotterdam, November 3, 1681. THE bearer, M. Mechin, who, as sea-captain, for- merly served the French King, is flying hither for his religion,* and desiring to try his fortune in England. Although a stranger to me; yet, being recommended by Major Laloway, formerly a major in his Majesty Charles I. his service, and desiring an address in England, I make bold to recommend him to you, as the only person, I know that can help him with advice and recom- mendation. He hath been, formerly, in England, and speaks English tolerably, so that he may be capable enough, in that regard, of some employ- ment amongst those of that nation, as well as his own, that are fled to you ; as not a few are hither. I tell him, there are so many able seamen who want employment, that I can give him little en- couragement : but there is nothing to be had here, and he hath some acquaintance at Court ; so that, speaking your language, and no Dutch, he thinks it best to seek to get some employ, of one kind or other, amongst you. Therefore, I * Which was now oppressed, as a prelude to the revocation, in 1685, of the Edict of Nantes, passed in 1598. Sep. 7, 1681, there was an order of the King in Council, to assist distressed Protestants, that fly from their country for conscience sake. MR. HILL TO PEPYS. 277 doubt not, for charity-sake, and compassion to such as suffer for religion, you will help him what you can. And, herewithal, let me acquaint you with what is said here, (though perhaps you may know it from better hands,) how the Spanish Nether- lands expect nothing but the French falling on them ; and are resolved to oppose them. There- fore, that they may have more forces in the field, they have borrowed five or six regiments of the States, to keep their garrisons. For us, we wholly wait, at present, for what assurance we can have from England, and, if no reliance on you, I suppose we shall see how we can make it with France ; for Van Beverning is going to that Court, as Van Benningen is with you : so that, if you stand off", you are likely to stand alone at last. In the interim, I see nothing, if so, but that all Europe will be lost ; if God Almighty do not, by some unexpected provi- dence, prevent it. The rest gives you the assurance, that, wher- ever I am, I shall always be, Your faithful servant, Jos. HILL. 278 MR. SCOTT* TO PEPYS. SlR, November 4, 1681. BEING, last night, with Sir Charles Scarborough, and acquainting him how remiss the Hospital was in teaching the boys Sir Jonas his Cursus, he desired me to let you know, that, when he had half an hour's discourse with you, he was resolved to acquaint the King with it, for, being a witness of his Majesty's continual care to have the book perfected for the use aforesaid, he could not endure to see the book rejected, he himself knowing it to be so excellent, and averred that it would be a portion to each boy to have one when they went to sea. After this resolution, he thought of another way, (which, I believe, may be effected with your assistance,) viz. Mr. Colwell being a good chari- table person, and a great esteemer of the memory of Sir Jonas Moore,f may be persuaded to give, annually, such a number of the books as need requires, and he makes no question but to per- suade Mr. Colwell to this generous action, espe- cially if you will join with him in the attack. I * " A bookseller, about Sir Jonas Moore's book, by him written for the use of Christ's Hospital." f Who died 1679, aged 60. At his funeral, sixty pieces of artillery were discharged at the Tower. MR. HOUBLON TO PEPYS. 279 have acquainted Sir Charles that I would leave the price to you both. Sir, this I thought to acquaint you with, being, Your servant to command, ROBERT SCOTT. MR. HOUBLON TO PEPYS. SIR, December 12, 1681 I HAVE had an interview with my Lady Little- ton, who manages the proposition for my daugh- ter. She hath given me a prospect of the estate, in present, and to come, and there's enough of it. I, unluckily, appointed Tuesday to meet again, to resolve of the portion, (thinking it decent not to do it, at first meeting, that I might not be thought too forward,) but I never thought of our journey. If, therefore, sir, you have so ordered it, that Wednesday will not be so con- venient for you, I will go with you to-morrow, at nine o'clock, and, with ordinary diligence, we may return by two ; but, if it will be better for you, I had rather defer it, while Wednesday nine o'clock. But be free with me in the case, and let me be favoured with your answer by penny post,* as soon as you can to-day. * Of which ** the first inventor," (in 1679,) was " Rob Moray, son of a Scotchman, a milliner, and of the company of Clothworkers." Athen. Oxon. 280 PEPYS TO SIR ROBERT SOUTHWELL. Sir, I desire, if possible, that you would en- quire, soon as you go abroad to-day, who is ac- quainted with this Lady Littleton. She was Baron Littleton's wife, and still a widow, some- thing old, but mighty brisk. She lives in Queen Street, near Lincoln's Inn Fields. I fancy, being somewhat townly, as I perceive at first view, she may be acquainted with her neighbours, it may be, with those excellent women, my Lady Mor- den and Mrs. Steward. I would be glad you could search out some acquaintance of yours, intimate with her, that, now at first, my daughter may have that character given her, which I (fond father) think she may deserve. I am unwilling to give you this trouble, though I know, after what you have done for us, you will not grudge this assistance. Sir, Your humble servant, JAS. HOUBLON. PEPYS TO SIR ROBERT SOUTHWELL. SlR, January 21, 1682. I RESTORE you, with a thousand thanks, the rarities brought me this morning by Mr. Parry ; having (as well for your ease as the preventing all possibility of prevention) secured myself copies of them here, though not without some repining to SIR ROBERT SOUTHWELL TO PEPYS. 281 see so little room left (after such monuments as these) for my being of any stead in story to the name of my honoured friend Sir Robert Southwell. However, at your leisure, pray give me some knowledge of your relation to your sea namesake, and what (if anything) you have, either of written or traditional, as may best instruct me (beyond our prints) to the doing him right. Other matters of like kind I have in reserve to traffic with you in, and particularly some that will employ your authority with our Irish Apollo, where, wishing you nothing less contentful than the conversation of our young secretary, I bid you most respectfully farewell, and arn Your most obliged and affectionate humble servant, S. PEPYS. SIR ROBERT SOUTHWELL TO PEPYS. DEAR SiR, King's Weston, Feb. 24, 1682. "Tis more than time that I rouse up, and return most thankful acknowledgments for your favours at my departure from London, when my heart was sufficiently troubled. You were pleased to send my son all the temptations in the world to be a good writer, and you are also ready to embellish whatever any of his name did remarkable in your element. Thus you take me at both ends, as for many years past you have done in the middle, and 282 PEPYS TO MR. JAMES HOUBLON. I must continue your prisoner till you give oppor- tunities of my enlargement. I am here among my children, at least an inno- cent scene of life, and I endeavour to explain to them the difference between right and wrong. My next care is to contrive for the health which I lost by sitting many years at the sack-bottle, so that to keep myself in idleness and in motion is a great part of my discipline. What between love, care, and much sorrow, I have not yet looked into some collections that may give me matter for a letter touching a seaman of my name ; but 'tis upon my thoughts, and I will not be wanting to his shrine, since you are pleased to have it so. My son tells me he will speak a word for himself ; so you see what is like to be entailed upon you. I am for ever, Sir, Your most affectionate friend and most humble servant, ROBERT SOUTHWELL. PEPYS TO MR. JAMES HOUBLON. SlR, Newmarket, March 14, 1682. THAT I am well got hither, and well here, will (I assure myself) give you no disquiet. But how your whig-ship* will bear my telling you that the * The modern Houblons have, I believe, been generally, if not always, Tories. MRS. ST. MICHELL TO PEPYS. 283 Duke of York is so too, and not only so, but plumper, fatter, and all over in better liking than ever I knew him, is a thing that I cannot an- swer for. But so it is, and worse, by how much with his natural his political state of body seems to be much mended too, since his nearer partak- ings of his brother's sunshine. Yet all this you will do well to bear with, if the King will have it so. Xor do I despair but you will when I have told you that the King (God be blessed) seems in no point less fortified against mortality than the Duke, but in one particular more ; namely, that (as much as that signifies) he hath the prayers of the very Whigs for his health, while we tories are fain to pray, by ourselves, for his brother's. Under which odds I leave you with great con- tent, and am Your most affectionate humble servant, S. PEPYS. I kiss all the fair hands with and about you, and hope to do it nearer in three days. MRS. ST. MICHELL TO PEPYS. HONOURED SlR, Brampton, April 4, 1682. I HAVE received yours of the 1st instant, wherein you are pleased to let me know of Madam Jack- son's return to your own house at Brampton, which she is mistress of, were it mine. 284 PEPYS TO MR. It will be no trouble to me or straitness, if it proves not so to her, to find your lodgings crowded with people which have not ever had the honour of Madam Jackson's acquaintance, besides the meanness of our capacity in all respects, especially that of entertainment according to her merits, and as your sister. But to that I shall say no more, since your honour hath mentioned it already. What I have to say to Madam Jackson I shall omit till her return to Brampton. In the mean time I wish her a good and speedy journey, and safe progress in her affairs. With the dutiful services of my family and self, I remain Your honour's obedient servant, and ever obliged, ESTHER ST. MICHELL. PEPYS TO MR. PARRY. MR. PARRY, April 7, 1682. THIS will be brought by the widow, Jane Ed- wards, mother of the boy, Samuel Edwards, for whom Sir John Frederick* has been pleased, by your hand, to send me a paper for his admission into the hospital. His father was his Majesty's servant in the navy for near twenty years past, and lately died an officer therein, leaving this poor woman with two small * President of Christ's Hospital, Lord Mayor 1663. PEPYS TO MR. PARRY. 285 children, (whereof this, being between nine and ten years old, is the eldest,) and without aught more towards her and their support (through his and her long and chargeable sickness) than what she can earn in service. The King has been pleased to recommend to my particular care to see this boy provided for in the hospital, and would do it by A particular warrant to that purpose to the governors, if that should be demanded. But as I have heretofore, so in this particular case do I think that method liable to great inconveniences to the hospital, and therefore have industriously avoided it, as rather thinking it more expedient (if Sir John Frederick concur) that the King's desires herein should be answered without it. As for what concerns the hospital's security for their being discharged of the boy when he comes to the usual age, or shall be otherwise disposed of by them, I will myself (if it be re- quired) be answerable, on the King's behalf, to the house in that particular. Wherefore, recommending it to you to see des- patched what is necessary for the child's being received with the rest of the children to be ad- mitted this Easter, I remain Your very loving friend to serve you, S. PEPYS. 286 PEPYS TO SIR JOHN FREDERICK. SIR, May 2, 1682. THOUGH I persuade myself the just regard every gentleman will bring to the prosperity of his Ma- jesty's foundation under your care, in the approach- ing choice of its mathematical master, does in no- wise need it, yet I cannot withstand the importu- nity wherewith several worthy members of the committee were pleased yesterday to desire my leaving behind me in your hands the substance of what I then took the liberty of giving you as my humble thoughts touching the qualifications to be principally sought after in that election, and which I must confess I am much more prepared to wish you may find, than able to direct you where. For such is (or at least appears to me) the scarcity of men thoroughly fitted for this office, that the best inquiries I have been able to make have not yet furnished me with one, and conse- quently the whole service I can hope to do you in this matter does not so much amount to the ad- vising whom to choose as (from the effects of our past failures) whom to avoid. This I shall do in the two following short particulars : First. That caution be had against entertaining any one for this employment to whom it will not be (and by him be received as) a benefit or promo- tion, late experience having shown us, that he who PEPYS TO SIR JOHN FREDERICK. 287 either needs it not, or is master of qualities supe- rior to it, can never be expected to submit tho- roughly and with alacrity to the lowness and drudgery of it, or be contented to hold the same longer than it may be done with a degree of ease inconsistent with the account expected from us by his Majesty. The other is, that you will in nowise content yourselves, as has been hitherto done, with a per- son knowing only in the theory of mathematics, without practice ; it seeming to me not only in it- self most absurd that a foundation expressly insti- tuted for the improvement of navigation should be under the conduct of one wholly unconversant either with ship or sea, and therefore unable pro- perly even to discourse of the trade he is to teach. But, from a chargeable experience of our own, what success have we further to hope for from our committing this charge any more to a bare land navigator, whom no degree of reading, un- assisted by practice, can thoroughly qualify for the duty intended him herein by his Majesty ? There is, indeed, a third consideration I should not omit the inviting you to, could I think it might prove of any use, namely, that ignorance in Latin may also be reckoned an exception fit to have place in this your election ; forasmuch as his Ma- jesty having, on many considerations, been pleased to require his children's* being instructed in that * The forty boys upon King Charles's foundation. 288 PEPYS TO SIR JOHN FREDERICK. particular : also, it would render your work much more easy could it be performed by the same hand with that of the mathematics. Therefore, if such an one can be found, the preference ought un- doubtedly to be his. But if (as I fear) that be not to be hoped for, I take your embracing a practical mathematician, without Latin, for a much less evil than that of a Latinist alone without the full proportion of art and experience before mentioned ; forasmuch as the former is, with very little trouble and no charge to the hospital, suppliable by its grammar master, but the latter by no means I know of but that of a person duly qualified for it. Of such, I will not doubt but some choice, though no great one, may, upon inquiry, be found, there being, as I am informed, one already proposed by the gentlemen of the Trinity-House ; and more, it is to be hoped, will, at the day of election, be offered from other hands. With which, and the beseeching you not to let a day be unnecessarily lost in forwarding the condition of the School, under its present unset- tlement and disorder, T am, Honoured sir, Both yours and the hospital's most humble and most affectionate servant, S. PEPIS. 289 MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. HONOURED SIR, Saturday, May 6, 1682. THIS comes under cover of my Lady Peter- borough's, to acknowledge the receipt of yours of the 4th inst. from Margate Roads, hoping that this will find you in health, and safely arrived at Edinburgh. Sir William Jones* died on a sudden, upon Thursday last, and, I think, not much lamented or taken notice of but by those who are factious- ly inclined against the peace of the government, which, or some greater evil, will be the fate at- tending them that shall continue and remain under such principles. Your letter to your sister I sent inclosed in one from myself ; and, if you shall find a fit- ting opportunity, I believe your speaking to my Lady Peterborough about Mrs. St. Michell may be of use and advantage, if not at present, yet against a vacancy shall happen. I do not think fit to mention anything to her from myself about it, not knowing how it might meet with your approbation ; but if you shall approve, after hav- ing mentioned it to her, I am of opinion we may, by her hands, make some good use for your sis- ter's advantage. Our family both at home and at Clapham * See infrd, p. 297. VOL. I. U 290 MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. continue in health, and send you their very hum- ble service and prayers for keeping you in health, and sending the Duke, Duchess, and all their company, a safe and happy return. My Lady Deane continues well, but she has a very sickly family, two of her maids and her coachman being at present down ; one of the maids having the small-pox, and her son Jack, the astronomer, the like, at Mr. Kiddar's, but it is hoped past danger. The peace concluded on with Algiers by Ad- miral Herbert is on such terms, I hear, as are not much liked, though a peace for saving charges at this time is not, I believe, unpleasing to the Treasury ; and 1 heartily wish that our pretended good husbandry in the Navy (for such only it is) does not more hurt than good, and the managers thereof do not make the old proverb good, by their leaping over a block and stum- bling at a straw ; for I understand there are some very earnest still with the King for going on with the contract for making the wet-dock at Chatham, and yet, having sent down instructions to Sir Phineas Pett about keeping a check on the stores for distinct services, do not think it reasonable to allow him more than a clerk at 50/. a year for doing the same, while they are, at the same time, contented to give 28,500/. for going on with a work, which, if it were for the King's service, could be done for 22,0007. MR. HOUBLON TO PEPYS. 201 Sir Phineas Pett, adhering to his letter and reasons against the said wet-dock, had very sharp words with my Lord Finch at the Admiralty about this matter and some others then in debate, there being (which is to be lamented) several factions now among them, while they cannot agree among themselves. The like being also at the Navy Board, the King's service goes to rack, and is at this day in such a pickle as it never was since I can remember, every day plainly showing the different management in the Duke's time and now. With my most humble service to Mr. Legg and yourself, I remain, with all due respect, Your most faithful and ever obedient servant, WM. HEWER. MR. HOUBLON TO PEPYS. SIR, London, May 13, 1682. MR. HEWER, bringing last night your letter of the 8th from Edinburgh,* was most welcome to all your friends in my family. Before, as you were numbered among the dead by all the City almost, except myself and some others, so no arguments could work on my women and girls to believe otherwise. Though I assured them, from Sir S. Narbo- rough, Sir R. Haddock, Mr. Pett, and others, * To Mr. Hewer. U 2 292 MR. HOUBLON TO PEPYS. that you embarked in the Catherine yacht, they had no faith, and would have you with the Duke. They were sure you loved him so well that you could not be from him.* You see, and are likely to be told when you come home, what your Iter Boreale-\ hath cost us, and what it is to leave us on the sudden, as you did, without asking, or, for all I know, having our prayers ; we were all so angry at your going. You intend, I hope, to continue your resolu- tion to come home by land, which is much de- sired; for, I think, by this time you are con- vinced that a Scotch voyage, especially with a ship of a great draught of water, is more danger- ous than one to the Indies. But, to come now to the unfortunate people that have perished: certainly, it makes a great cry, as it doth here, amongst the families in Scotland that have lost relations. The circum- stances of their loss is more aggravating than can be imagined : to be lost in broad daylight, sum- mer, and fair weather, and with so much help about them, is intolerable. * " Though I had abundant invitation," says Pepys, " to have gone on board the Duke, I chose rather, for room's sake and accommodation, to keep my yacht, where I had nobody but Sir C. Musgrove and our servants." t " Robert Wild, a Nonconformist Divine," says Lord Bray- brooke, " published, in 1660, a poem called Iter Boreale, upon Monk's march from Scotland." Wood mentions three other poems of the same name, by Eades, Corbett, and Marten, it having been a favourite subject. MR. HOUBLON TO PEPYS. 293 Some think the Duke's heat and courage to save the ship, made him stay too long aboard, and overlook saving the men, who knew their desperate condition, but would not, in good man- ners to him, provide for their safety while he stayed with them.* Some lament the misfortune of princes generally, in being prevented the use of their own judgment in the choice of officers, having them put upon them by importunity and solicitation. They think this pilot one of that sort, though others think the contrary. But, sure, he was ignorant that did not know where he was when he had sailed so few leagues : but he is accused of being obstinate, and impatient of advice,! than which qualities in a pilot there cannot be worse. God forgive him, I cannot, that he should not have had a-head, a yacht or a smaller ship, sounding, to know the certain depths, till they were past those wretched sands ; for without the lead they could not well know they were so, as neither seeing the land nor any beach. And, again, I cannot forgive the captains of the yachts and other ships, that they should not be more at hand, being broad day and fair weather, and knowing that they were not sure of * " It is said that the sinking mariners gave an huzza when they saw the Duke in safety." Chron. Hist. t Pepys imputes to him " an obstinate over- weening in oppo- sition to the contrary opinions of Sir I. Berry, his master, mates, Col. Legg, the Duke himself, and several others, con- curring unanimously in not being yet clear of the sands. " 294 PEPYS TO MR. HEWER. the sands. But God would have it so, and I '11 leave off censuring and judging. Excuse it upon the score of my pity for so many brave men perishing in a moment. I pray God fit us all, and give us grace to fit ourselves for our last hour. I am sorry your land journey will not be plea- sant ; for, with all this wet, the roads must be bad, and after your journeys you cannot have evening walks, for, in these parts, we have not a dry place to set our feet on. So you have need of our prayers, which you shall be sure of, for your homeward journey. Favour me with a line, how you proceed, what are your stages, and with the last night's lodging, that, if I can get leave of my cold and perpetual coughing, I may meet you there, or at your last dinner. I am, Sir, Your humble and obedient servant, JAMES HOUBLON. PEPYS TO MR. HEWER. MR. HEWER, Berwick, Friday, May 19, 1682. I MIGHTILY thank you for your's of the 6th under my Lady Peterborough's cover. By which, it appearing you had received mine of the 4th, your care would be over, as to my particular PEPYS TO MR. HEWER. 295 safety, (and the misfortune of the Glocester,*) I having herein told you of my purpose to reside on board the Catherine yacht. Nevertheless, I failed not, by the very first express the Duke sent upon his arrival at Edinburgh, to tell you more largely. This also I sent under Mr. Froud's cover, hoping its coming to your band for fuller satisfaction, as to myself and other matters. The Duke being almost wholly taken up in settling public affairs, before his leaving the king- dom, Mr. Legg f and I made the most of our time in visiting what was most considerable within reach, particularly Stirling, Linlitbgow,J Hamilton; and Glasgow, a very extraordinary town indeed for beauty and trade, much superior to any in Scotland. The truth is, there is so uni- versal a rooted nastiness hangs about the person of every Scot, (man and woman,) that renders the finest show they can make, nauseous, even among those of the first quality. Nevertheless, the authority the Duke maintains with so much absoluteness, yet gentleness here, is a thing very considerable, rendering it morally impossible for any disquiet to arise in his Ma- jesty's affairs in this kingdom. Truly, as their * On the 5th May, the Gloucester frigate struck upon the sand called ' The Lemon and Oar/ about sixteen leagues from the mouth of the Humber." Chran. Hist. t Colonel George Legg, created (Dec. 2, 1682.) Baron of Dartmouth. \ The birth-place of Queen Mary, hi 1542. 296 PEPYS TO MR. HEWER. government seems founded on principles much more steady than those of ours, so their method of managing it in council, (his Royal Highness having been pleased to give me opportunity of being present with him two Council-days,) ap- pears no less to exceed ours in the order, gravity, and unanimity of their debates. I mentioned the business of the Rocker to my Lady Peterborough, who was very ready to give her advice and assistance, when there shall be opportunity, of which she cannot make any judg- ment till she comes to London, and sees how the old ones are disposed of. But she tells me, what is to be done must be by the hand of my Lady Hyde, and that it will cost some money, not much ; but, at her coming to town, she will be able to inform me more particularly, promising her assistance in all she could, if she found room for any ; I not telling her for whom I designed the inquiry. Pray give Sir Anthony Deane my most humble service, and my poor lady, whose pain under the disorders of her family through sickness I much condole, praying God to shorten it by a return of health. Let Sir Anthony Deane know that I lately took an opportunity to acquaint the Duke fully (Mr. Legg being present) with his controversy with the Commissioners of the Ad- miralty, who was infinitely pleased with the shameful and ridiculous proceedings of those PEPYS TO MR. HEWER. 297 Commissioners, and the advantage Sir A. Deane has taken of it, and will necessarily receive from it. Mr. Legg also is no less gratified, not only from the mean esteem he has of them, but the real value and consideration he expresses for him. He gives you also his kind service, and, though in the main, I find him a favourer of a wet-dock, yet is he convinced abundantly of the ignorance of those gentlemen, both in relation to that and everything else, and particularly the points you mention in your letter, which I com- municated to him. I thank you for the news about the death of that insolent and mutinous lawyer, J .* The Duke showed me a copy of Herbert's articles with Algiers. I cannot imagine w r hat the King will do about leaving our captives unredeemable. Pray give my service and wishes of health to your mother, and all with her. The like for the ladies in Portugal Row, Mr. Houblon and his family. I long to be at Newcastle, in hopes of meeting from you there some notice of all your healths, having desired it in my last, as I shall, afterwards, I hope at Scarborough and Hull, at which, busi- ness will successively oblige Mr. Legg to call, and spend two days, as he has done here ; whence * Jones, a warm advocate for the Exclusion Bill. See supra, p. 289. 298 MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. we shall sail this night or to-morrow morning ; so as, (touching in our way at Holy Island* to visit the castle,) to be at Newcastle on Sunday or Monday. According to which, the best calculation I can make of absence from you is fourteen days; when, I trust, I shall see you in health, which God grant, and so Adieu. Your's most affectionately, S. PEPYS. MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. HONOURED SlR, Thursday, May 25, 1682. SINCE mine of 13th Instant, directed to New- castle, under cover to Mr. Legg, I have received your's of 19th from Berwick, which gives all your friends much satisfaction to understand the continuance of your health and safety, they all being under the same circumstances here, unless my Lady Mordaunt, who has had a very shrewd fit of the stone, rendering her incapable of com- ing out of her chamber for three or four days. Last night, she was much better, and, with the other lady there, gives you their very humble service, as they do from Winchester Street, where I communicated your letter ; but they are under some apprehension of your displeasure, in regard they have not particularly heard from yourself, * Otherwise called Lindisfarne, eight miles from Berwick. MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. 299 which, I presume, you will do from Newcastle, where you will find a letter from him signifying the great trouble that family lie under. They are all very well pleased, and make them- selves merry with the description you give of the Scotch people, believing you have much more to tell them on that point at your return. Though you tell us their Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of York passed Berwick with a fair wind on Wednesday the 17th instant, we hear no news of them as yet, though in hourly expectation. I hope your mentioning to my Lady Peter- borough the business of the Rocker, may prove of some advantage when opportunity shall pre- sent, which I shall endeavour to learn and im- prove to the advantage of the person concerned. Sir A. Deane and my lady give their very humble service. The Commissioners, since his answer to the bill in Chancery, having given out as if they would prosecute him for alleging that which is not true ; but it is like the rest of their proceedings, and will render them the more ridi- culous should they attempt it. During the Commissioners of the Navy's being at Chatham, informing themselves concerning the business of the wet-dock, an unfortunate acci- dent fell out. His Majesty's guard-ship, the Henry, was burned down to the water, by the carelessness of an old infirm man getting a candle 300 MR. HEWER TO PEPYS. and leaving it burning in his cabin when he went to sleep. There are various constructions : some would have it an effect of the Popish plot for destroying the navy ; others, that have no regard to the Admiralty, lay the blame on them for dis- charging, out of good husbandry, the command- ers of the guard-ships, who ought to keep good discipline on board, and directing the entry of a man so infirm on board the guard-ships, contrary to the standing rules of the Navy ; the decrepit old man by whom this misfortune happened ap- pearing to be one, as I am informed, entered by their order. Notwithstanding which accident, Sir V. S. makes it a great argument for going on with the wet-dock, which remains still under con- sideration with the Navy Board. My mother and the rest of our family remain in good health, and wish you a safe return, which God grant ! Our friend Scott is not yet heard of, though I find, as you will by the enclosed, some persons concerning themselves about him in the printed news books. I am informed that, on information given Sir Lionel Jenkyns, all his maps, sea- charts, and plans, are seized by one of his mes- sengers, and are in Sir Lionel's custody, being found at the place where he last lodged, from whence he had absented, ever since having killed the man.* * See Appendix. DR. WOOD TO PEPYS. 301 A duplicate of this I have sent to meet you at Hull, where, I hope, it will find you in health, with the rest of your company, to whom pray give my very humble service. Which, with the tenders of all due respects, not giving you any further trouble at present but heartily praying for your safe return, I remain, Sir, Your ever faithful and most obedient servant, WM. HEWER. DR. WOOD TO PEPYS. (Accompanying some papers containing Sir William Petty's scheme of Naval Philosophy.*) HONOURED SlR, Christ's Hospital, June 17, 1682. THIS morning I received your favour of yester- day, with the enclosed sheet, and am sorry I was not within to receive the honour you designed me ; but you express so great a value for those papers, that, I believe, had you known with whom I then was, you would have excused my not * Among the writings of Sir William Petty, "published after his death," in 1687, No. III. contained a treatise of naval phi- losophy, in three parts, viz. " A Physico-Mathematical Discourse of Ships and Sailing. Of Naval Policy. Of Naval Economy or Husbandry." 302 DR. WOOD TO PEPYS. waiting on you. However, according to your desire, I send you all the rest I have, or believe is yet in the world, of that (I think) excellent Discourse, which, nevertheless, I still hope I may be some way instrumental in soliciting at least, if not procuring, to be further enlarged, as I may hereafter acquaint you, for no indisposition can render me incapable of being a lover of naviga- tion ; I had almost said a naval philosopher, if you will pardon the pride of the expression. I reckon that naval excels land architecture, in the same proportion as a living moving animal a dull plant. Palaces, themselves, are only like better sorts of trees, which, how beautiful or stately soever, remain but as prisoners, chained during life to the spot they stand on ; whereas the very spirits that inform and move ships are of the highest degree of animals, viz. rational creatures; I mean seamen. I shall not farther discuss, and hope you will pardon these extrava- gant thoughts. Now, being more free, from this place in an hospital, (for which I give you my very hearty, though perhaps unexpected, thanks,) methinks I find myself also discharged of all low distrustful thoughts of the return of these papers. I am more at a loss how I shall excuse not wait- ing on you personally with them, unless you will take for an excuse that they, here, are not fully ready to receive the delivery up of my charge, PEPYS TO COLONEL LEGG. 303 which, therefore, I must attend, being yet in a double capacity ; but shall always singly be, Sir, Your very humble servant, HOST. WOOD. PEPYS TO COLONEL LEGG. SlR, July 13, 1682. (Noon.) I BEG you to believe the regard I have to your service and satisfaction has a much greater share in what this comes about, than any partiality for the person concerned, though he has all the title that merit or friendship can give to expect it from me. It is upon the accident that just now came to my knowledge of Sir Jonas Moore's sudden death ; and he whom (without his privity) I come to put you in mind of, is Mr. Sheres. Nor do I purpose more than the bare putting you in mind of him (among the many that to be sure are, ere this, thronging to you) as one of whose loyalty and duty to the King and his Royal Highness, and acceptance with them, I assure myself ; of whose personal esteem and devotion towards you, of whose uprightness of mind, uni- versality of knowledge in all useful learning par- ticularly mathematics, and of them those parts especially which relate to gunnery and fortifica- 304 DR. NATHANIEL VINCENT TO PEPYS. tion ; and lastly, of whose vigorous assiduity and sobriety I dare bind myself in asserting much farther than, on the like occasion, I durst pretend to of any other's undertaking, or behalf of mine. You being not now to be come at, (your coun- cil sitting,) I take this way of kissing your hands and placing this with you. From Your most obedient servant, S. PEPYS. To Colonel Legg. DR. NATHANIEL VINCENT* TO PEPYS. SIR, Great Queen Street, July 27, 1682. I SHOULD have written another copy of my "Conjectura Nautica" but, though it has been all that I studied since I came to town, I was un- willing to deceive with longer expectation of it. * Wood, having mentioned " Nathaniel Vincent, younger bro- ther to Thomas Vincent," one of the ejected ministers in 1662, adds, evidently referring to this correspondent of Pepys : " Besides this Nath. Vincent is, or was lately, another of both his names, D. of D. and Fellow of Clare Hall in Cam- bridge, and Chaplain in ordinary to his Majesty; author of ' The Right Notion of Honour,' sermon preached before the King at Newmarket, 7th October, 1674, at which time, appear- ing in a long periwig and holland sleeves, according to the then fashion for gentlemen, his Majesty took notice of, and being scandalized at it, commanded James Duke of Monmouth, Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, that he cause the statutes concerning decency in apparel to be put in execution in that university, which accordingly was done." Athen. Oxon. by Bliss. DR. VINCENT TO PEPYS. 305 Soon as I have time, I intend to review it, or make a better use of its best materials. For this, I entreat you either to get somebody to transcribe it, or at least the Latin, leaving room for cita- tions, which I have by me, or to spare me the copy for some days, that I may get it done. I suppose I shall be called into the country sud- denly. You deserve to know my concerns, and I shall therefore give some account of them. I have resolved to leave Cambridge, where I am less healthy, cheerful, and vigorous, than in this seemingly worse air, or than in any other place where I have spent any considerable time. That happy place has been my abode from seven years of age. Whether my spirits are over- charged, or insufficiently nourished by the Ar- chceus and the occultus vite cibus of the place, I know not ; but this I find, that I must trans- plant, if I will grow any longer ; and that if I do not get new earth about my roots, I shall wither presently. Now, Sir, I have an extraordinary worthy friend, who, without my knowledge, has made an interest for me to be lecturer at Bur)*. He writes me word, that he believes he shall succeed : if he does not, I am thinking to remove my books to London, and set myself to work upon those two questions which are now of so great consequence to the Church and to monarchy, viz. that of VOL. i. x 306 PEPYS TO MR. H F. THYNNE. resisting a lawful prince on pretence of religion ; and that other, of passive obedience.* When I made my last visit to our most worthy friends in Winchester Street, I was commanded to wait upon them again before leaving the town. If you have thoughts of seeing them within a few days, and please to take me with you, on notice the evening before, you shall be attended with the most hearty respects of, Sir, Your most humble servant, NATH. VINCENT. PEPYS TO MR. HENRY FREDERICK THYNNE.f SIR, Friday, December 1, 1682. DR. GALE yesterday put into my hand a let- ter he received three days since from the Bishop of Oxford,J out of which I have, at his request, * For which, all that could be said had been adduced in 1680 by the learned Sir Robert Filmer, Bart, in " Patriarcha, or the Natural Power of Kings ;" sufficiently answered by Alger- non Sidney and John Locke. Yet from his treatises on " Usury " and " Witchcraft," it appears that the author of that absurdity, " Patriarcha" had, on other subjects, anticipated the good sense and just reasoning of modern times. -J- In Wood's Fasti, he is described as " brother to Viscount Weymouth, Keeper of his Majesty's Library, St. James's, and afterwards Treasurer and Receiver-general to Catherine the Queen Dowager." t John Fell, from 1675. He died in 1686, and has drawn PEPYS TO MR. H. F. THYNNE. 307 transcribed so much as relates to a point wherein your favour is desired, for enabling him to serve the Bishop in his asking. " I am told," says the Bishop, " that there is in the library at St. James's a manuscript copy of his " Pedagogue,"* which, besides the hymn ordinarily printed, has a second. I know not any so likely to give further satisfaction herein as yourself, which occasions this trouble. I have here a short hymn, which is addressed E/? !!/- ytwyov, and begins 2o/ rov %s xdya) iruibaycaydv, &c. Now whether this be the same with that in the King's library, I should be glad to know." In order to which, I am to entreat you to en- able me by a word or two (for I have not yet been abroad) to tell Dr. Gale whether he may have your favour in an opportunity for making this search. I hope in a very little time to wait on you, with thanks for your last kind visit, and am Your most humble servant, S. PEPYS. from Wood, no general panegyrist, the following eulogy: " His charity was so great, that he was a husband to the afflicted widow, a father to the orphan, and a tender parent to poor children. He constantly allowed an yearly pension to a poor man of St. Thomas, in the suburb of Oxon. purposely that he should teach, gratis, twenty or twenty-four poor children of that parish to read. Some of which he afterwards bound ap- prentices, or made scholars." Athen. Oxon. ii. 604. * Probably the Paxlagogue by Clement of Alexandria. J. S. x 2 308 DR. VINCENT TO PEPYS. I should have told you that the Bishop, in his letter, takes notice that this is in order to his little New-YearVgift book,* which he is, according to custom, now preparing, and wherein, it seems, this Hymn of Clemens Alexandrinus is to be inserted, which makes me think that the sooner he has his answer about it the better. DR. NATHANIEL VINCENT TO PEPYS. Clare Hall, December 11, 1682. MOST WORTHY SIR, HAVING the ill fortune to be out of the way when you came to Cambridge, being uncertain when I shall again see London, and unwilling to detain any longer your copy of my " Conjectura Nautica," I have directed it to your hand by our Monday carrier. I have inserted the citations, and corrected the mistakes I observed in reading it over. I can enlarge it ; and if hereafter I make additions to my own copy, the same hand shall transfer them to yours. I have attained, long since, the experiment I * " Dr. Fell published, or reprinted, every year, while Dean of Christ-Church, from 1661 to his death, a book, commonly a classical author, against New-Year's-tide, to distribute among the students of his house, to which he put an epistle or running- notes or corrections These," adds Wood, " I have endeavour- ed to recover, but in vain." Athen. Oxon. DR VINCENT TO PEPYS. 309 told you I hoped for, have given it many im- provements, and brought it to that degree of per- fection that it is, or it may be, the best treasure I am master of. I give it the name of Cryptoco- vianicon, because it may be serviceable to princes in secret correspondences, to that degree of pri- vacy and security that no invention of the like nature can justly pretend to. It directs a way of writing which can never be deciphered. It bears reading but a very few minutes, and then its characters vanish. Directions may be given to read it, which shall not discover its way of writing; so that no letter written by it can ever be a witness against its author : nor shall the writer be engaged to the faithfulness of his mes- senger, whilst another may cany the instruc- tions for reading; by which means the writer is secured as well against falseness and interception, as against curiosity, sauciness, or accidental dis- coveries. Neither is it more useful than surpris- ing, pleasant, and diverting. These are some of the properties of my inven- tion, of which I have too much reason to make the best advantage I can. Therefore, if you apprehend it a respect, or a satisfaction, or a con- venience, (because, if I can help it, I will never be troublesome to so good a friend,) I would gladly have it your part to inquire and resolve me at what rate such an invention will be valued in the English court; whether his Majesty, or 310 DR. VINCENT TO PEPYS. his Royal Highness, can think it worth a thou- sand pounds. I reckon it to be much more worth to a foreign prince engaged in wars. It is my duty and devotion to his Majesty and the royal family, and my affection to my country, that lead me, against my interest, to offer it first at home, though by way of sale, since my circumstances will not allow me, after my former unprofitable labours and fruitless promises, to make such a present. I am desirous, though to my disadvantage, that it should be lodged in the hands of a prince whose virtues I know, and who, I believe, will easily be satisfied in my promise, upon the sacra- ment, to conceal the secret from all the world be- sides ; for where I am known, I will beg to have my brains knocked out if my fidelity in the case can with any reason be suspected. I will stay for your answer hereunto a week or ten days, before I prepare any despatches to a foreign court on the same inquiry, but upon higher demands. I wish that another New World may not be lost from England, for want of faith to believe the discoverer. This I wish the more, because I have as fair a prospect (as at first I had upon this) of another invention, whereby a prince may as much infest his enemies, as serve his own affairs by my present discovery. This page has room for nothing but my most humble services, which I desire you likewise to PEPYS TO DR. VINCENT. 311 give to Sir Anthony Deane, Mr. Evelyn, and our friends in Winchester Street. I remain, Sir, Your most sincerely devoted servant, NATH. VINCENT. PEPYS TO DR. VINCENT. SlR, December 23, 1682. MY giving no earlier answer to yours of the llth, more especially where you found it expe- dient to limit the time within which you should expect it, has arisen from being out of the way for some days after its arrival, and partly from willingness to give my thoughts on it with delibe- ration, after getting what light I could towards your satisfaction, by a remote discourse on that subject, with one or two whom I thought best able to inform of the value that would be put on such a secret, should it be proposed. 1 find it very rare that our own or other princes give themselves the care of correspondences with their own hands, about the affairs of their states, (the only exception in our age being the last King of Sweedland,) that work being lodged in the hands of their secretaries of state. I find them, too, so satisfied in the security of their ordi- nary methods of ciphering, which they vary seve- rally with every prince or minister ; that they do 312 PEPYS TO DR. VINCENT. not seern under any solicitude, or search for bet- ter, either on the score of secrecy or security, unless by such improvement as might ease them of the trouble (no little one, I understand) of varying their cipher for every man they have occasion to converse with at a distance; next, such as the party you correspond with shall not know the method of compounding the materials wherewith he is to be enabled to answer you. Forasmuch as though this invention, which, by your description, outdoes all I ever heard of, and deserves to its inventor suitable reward, does so far approach perfection as to be capable of being- read without discovering the method of its being- written ; yet if he who so reads be the person to answer it, he must either understand how to write it, or you must want the answer. If that be so, the secret cannot be used, as such, above once; for if every man that uses it must be master of it, then is it in every of their powers to impart it to more; and by the daily changes made by princes in the choice of ministers at home and abroad, that would soon extinguish all its virtue of secrecy. What, therefore, I can yet offer towards your satisfaction is, laying before you this last con- sideration, viz. whether your invention has this advantage of all others, of being not only legible without betraying the mystery of its writing, but of being writ also witli the same ignorance in PEPYS TO DR. VINCENT. 313 the writer, of the art of preparing the materials he is to be furnished with from you for writing. This transcendent virtue I hope it has, from hav- ing the other, of not being to be read but by the help of something you are to aid the reader with for use, as he shall have occasion. This I the rather mention ; for that wherever you shall place your offer, abroad or at home, this consideration will very much affect its value: that however justly you may expect the character you bear will be reckoned a sufficient security against any foul play that could be apprehended, yet will it much lessen the satisfaction of the buyer, if no service be expected without communicating it to more. Wherefore pray think of this, hi which I have rather chosen to be thus prolix, than to hazard your not thoroughly comprehending me ; and let me receive your advice, by putting it, if you think fit, into such words as you would have your proposition made in, by such a description of the several circumstances of advantage, which your invention has over all others yet proposed, as will best express the same. As I am bound, and, of choice, desirous to be employed in this, and everything wherein I may do you service, so would I be glad to have the best preparation I can, by being furnished with a proposition drawn by your own hand. Another note I have, indeed, to mention, not unworthy reflection, though of much lower iui- 314 PEPYS TO DR. VINCENT. portance ; that as letters which ordinarily make work for secrecy of writing in state-correspond- ences are of great length, and, being on subjects of high importance, commonly require to be kept for some time, either in the originals, an entire copy, or a sufficient abstract for the receiver's surer and fuller remembering and complying with their contents, I desire you to consider the prac- ticableness of your invention in letters of such length, where the originals remain legible but a very few minutes, and then vanish.* This, Sir, is what, in faithfulness to you and your most surprising secret, I thought becoming me to communicate, that you may know (as far, at least, as I can help towards it) how near you are to what would render it the most consummate device that ever, I believe, fell within human thoughts or could be wished for, on this great subject, wherein I wish you the utmost fruits so noble an enterprise and attainment deserve. What remains is, the owning the obligation you have laid on me in your " Conjectura Nautica," wherein, as you have, in your researches, out- done all that I thought could have been said on * I recollect to have seen a sure method of invisible, yet per- manent writing, thus described : Let a writer prepare all the materials of ink, except galls ; thus what he writes will remain invisible till his correspondent applies to the paper a solution of galls ; then the communication will be immediately disco- vered, and remain perpetually legible, as if originally written in the common method. PEPYS TO DR. VINCENT. 315 so barren a question as that which I so accident- ally proposed to you out of Monsieur Grotius,* so shall not your name and it want their just places at the head of what I have been able to collect (from my learned friends) of most curious on that subject, besides the acknowledgment due to you by the utmost expressions of them, from your most obliged and affectionate humble ser- vant, S. PEPYS.f * To whom Pepys had been attracted in much earlier life. Thus, December 15, 1661, he says " I am now full of study about writing something about our making of strangers strike to us at sea, and so am altogether reading Selden and Grotius, and such other authors to that purpose." Diary, (1825) i. 125. t This letter has the following endorsement: " A method of secret correspondence by writing, securing the proprietor thereof against all possible hazards arising from the indiscretion, curiosity, misfortune, or treachery of his mes- senger or correspondent, as having these peculiar advantages never yet met with in any former attainment on this subject. " 1. Of remaining (after writing) for ever invisible, till made visible by the help of some instructions or material from the inventor. " 2. Of being made useful on the part of the correspondent by a supply of materials and directions from the author, which shall not only serve for a reply, but not discover the mystery. " 3. Of remaining visible but very few minutes, then irre- coverably vanishing. " 4. Of being, nevertheless, to be made visible, at the plea- sure of the reader, by parts, so slowly as to give opportunity of taking either an entire copy, or such notes therefrom as he shall think necessary for future use. S. P." 316 DR. NATHANIEL VINCENT TO PEPYS. December 26, 1682. I WAS unwilling, on the first report of my inven- tion, to tell all its advantages; keeping part in reserve, that it might in conclusion answer all expectations which the account I gave must needs raise. By the enclosed,* you will find it pretends to those two properties which your obliging letter with so much reason and inge- nuity describes. The carrier stays, and will allow no more time than to subscribe myself, Sir, Your most humble and most affectionately devoted servant, NATH. VINCENT. * " An advertisement of a newly invented Monocrypticon, or secure method for secret and great correspondencies. " This invention directs a safer way of writing than any ciphers can be improved to, which could never yet puzzle an artist. te The characters of the Monocryptique writing are invisible, till the way be shown how they may be seen and read. " The discovery will secure a Minister of State and the secrets of his master from the teazings of an angry parliament, the spite of rival counsellors, the testimony of a statesman's letters against himself, in any treaty, court, or council; the danger of interception; and the curiosity, or falseness of agents; for it can be read but once, when, the characters made visible, by the instructions of the writer, continue but a very few minutes, and then vanish. " As 317 DR. NATHANIEL VINCENT TO PEPYS. g m January 10, 1682, 3. I HUMBLY thank you for the honour and benefit of your last night's visit ; you having given me occasion to consider on what side my discovery may be thought weakest, and be first attacked by ingenious curiosity; to the end that I may sufficiently fortify my invention on that part. You were pleased to tell me, yesterday morn- ing, that it would be difficult to meet with a purchaser of my invention in England: that it would be more advantageous to serve a Prince, or Minister of State, as should be occasion, than "As the messenger who carries the letter need not be entrusted with the applications for reading it, so the corre- spondent may be taught how to return an answer in the same kind, and yet remain ignorant of the mystery, and unable to use it with any other person than the possessor. " Though the characters herein used can be seen but two or three minutes ; yet in correspondencies of great length, and such abstruse matters as require an abstract, or entire copy, the Munocryptiques may be produced to sight in such moderate proportions, that all the paper in the world may be filled with copies from those originals, which cannot be seen longer than a partridge after springing, or a started hare. " Qucere. May not this invention be reckoned worth a thousand guineas to a sole proprietor ; especially, if the buyer would have greater security against its further discovery, than the inventor's character or friends can give ; who, in this case, would not refuse to insure an honourable purchaser, upon an undated pardon for killing him, upon any just suspicion of his integrity." 3/5. 318 DR. VINCENT TO PEPYS. to make a full sale at once. If you had any per- son to name, that would use my discovery, and could add the particulars of any encouragement that would be given me, on such a score, I hum- bly beg an account thereof; because I shall scarce have the liberty to wait on you this week. This I mention, because I would willingly put myself into the best accommodations I can, for health and good humour, in order to the greatest per- formance of which I think myself capable. I find myself mightily inclined to try what I could say against our new sect of Exclusionists;* especially, because I find that dangerous state- heresy hitherto maintained only by weak deduc- tions from fragments and shreds of history, which have been well answered and will be still more exposed. I find the best gifts of our adversaries to be misreporting, railing, and illogical arguing ; that their greatest perfection is index and scrap- learning ; that there is not a man appears among them, so regularly studied as to adventure against the fundamental part of the question, so that, I cannot but conclude, they may be effectually baffled by a skilful assertion of the natural and Divine right of Regal succession. * Referring to the bill, in 1680, for securing the Protestant Religion, by disabling James Duke of York to inherit the im- perial crown of England and Ireland," &c. It passed the Com- mons, but was rejected by the Lords. See Harris's " Lives," 1814." The Curse of Popery and Popish Princes." 1807. DR. VINCENT TO PEPYS. SI 9 I pray, Sir, consider, and give me your opinion, whether it would be advisable for me to present a specimen of my Monocryptigue to the Duke. I entreat you to conceal, at least till I go out of town, my two experiments of relieving and interrupting the noctilucal flame;* and (if you have not yet discovered it) my third, (and the first I made of it,) to find, right, the hour of the night on a watch. I may be pardoned in desiring the first communication of such little discoveries, who am not loaded with great contentments, nor enjoy any greater satisfaction than your friend- ship, and the privilege of remaining, Sir, Your most affectionate humble servant, NATH. VINCENT. DR. VINCENT TO PEPYS. HONOURED SlR, Clare Hall, April 26, 1683. HAVING put off my next visit of London friends till winter, I found myself obliged to return, in particular, to your worthy self my thanks for your civilities, when I was last in town ; especially, for your patience under too * " Noctiluca, a substance chymically prepared, such as will shine of itself in the dark, without being exposed to the light or air." World of Words (1706.) See Phosphorus, 320 DR. VINCENT TO PEPYS. many impertinencies of my monocryptique. If it prove not, at last, a crude and imperfect pre- tence, the ripeness and perfection must be ascribed to your judicious and acute inquiries. In a library, whence I lately bought some books, I met with a folio, de magnete, which you have not in your catalogue. I laid hold of it, because I believed it desirable to you ; it seem- ing to have something extraordinary on the subject, and to make good its title, which I transcribe,* that, if you wish for the book, you may know where it is, in a fair cover, at your service. Sir, I remember, when I gave you our orator's letter to the Lord Keeper, you expressed yourself much pleased ; I, therefore, send you another of his letters. He does not, usually, communicate his preparations; but this coming, accidentally, to my hand, I could not make a better use of it than to copy it for you ; who, without a compli- ment, knows and relishes a good style, and com- mands it, too, as much as the public orator of our University. I add my humble services to our friends in * " Philosophia Magnetica. In qua, magnetis natura penitus explicatur, etomnium quae hoc capide cernuntur causae propriae afferuntur; nova etiam construitur, quae propriam poli elevationem, cum suo meridiano, ubicunque demonstrat. Mul- ta quoque dicuntur de electricis et aliis attractionibus et eorum causis. Auctore Nicolao Cabeo Ferrariensi, Soc. Jesu. Coloniae, 1629." DR. VINCENT TO PEPYS. 321 Winchester Street, Sir Anthony Deane, Mr. Evelyn, and Mr. Hewer, remaining, Sir, Your ever devoted servant, NATH. VINCENT.* * While this was passing through the press, I discovered, quite accidentally, the following passage among the biograph- ical notices of a learned academician: "John de Montreal, a Parisian." He had been " Secretary to the embassy in Eng- land, and at last left resident in Scotland." There, " think- ing to do some good office to the King of England, he nego- tiated that he might be put into the hands of the Scots." The biographer adds : " He returned into France to take the charge of Secretary to the Prince of Conti. His master being clapt up with the Prince of Conde and the Duke de Longueville, I learned from a friend to whom he told it, that to write to them he made use of a secret, which the King of England had taught him in the long conferences they sometimes had together. " A certain powder, very rare, being cast on the paper, made that before written there with a white liquor, to appear, which, without that, was wholly imperceptible. There were many drugs sent to the Prince of Conti, who feigned himself very sick. They were wrapt up in white papers : every paper was a letter; yet nothing could be seen, though never so narrowly looked upon, unless they made use of that powder the princes had. It lay commonly over the chimneys of their chambers, and, to the eyes of the guard, passed for powder to dry their hair. " By this arti6ce, and several others, there was scarce a day wherein he sent not news, and heard not from them ; and he showed no less than three hundred letters of the Prince of Conde's writing." The History of the French Academy. Writ- ten in French by M. Paul Pellison. 1657. VOL. 322 PEPYS TO DR. TRUMBULL. HONOURED SlR, York-Buildings, May 9, 1683. I MOST thankfully return your Historia Navalis. As the properest interest, I could think of, for the loan, I have increased it by the Pars Media, as I would have done by the Injima, could I have found it. But, after all my inquiry, I cannot arrive at any certainty that that part was ever printed. Of which, if (when I have the honour of waiting on you, which I am now almost ashamed to attempt) you shall give me any ad- vice, I will endeavour to complete yours and my own ; there not being anything I know in history, so much to the honour of our country, as this piece of Sir Thomas Reeves's ; I am sure not so edifying to me on the subject, in which, above all others, I am covetous of information. From which consideration, also, I am well con- tented you should (as I do) measure the acknow- ledgments due to you for the same, from your most humble and most affectionate servant, S. PEPYS. SIR WILLIAM PETTY TO PEPYS. HONOURED SIR, Dublin, July 3, 1683. NOTWITHSTANDING many troubles, I every day do something on the design of shipping and sail- ing; and, I thank God, succeed pretty well. SIR WILLIAM PETTY TO PEPYS. 323 Among other things, I have, in honour to Sir Anthony Deane, contrived a single-body, which, in many particulars, answers the double-body ; but, I must tell you, when this single-body is well considered, it is but a double-body dis- guised.* Pray let me hear from you in what manner * An anonymous editor of Sir W. Petty's "Will," has thus referred to this subject : " In 1663, he raised his reputation by the invention of the double-bottomed ship, against the judgment of almost all man- kind ; for, in July, when the ship first ventured from Dublin to Holyhead, she stayed there many days, which made her adver- saries insult, and discourse the several necessities why she must be cast away ; but her return in triumph, with those visi- ble advantages above other vessels, checked the derision of some, and encalmed the violence of others, the first point being clearly gained, that she could bear the sea. She turned into that narrow harbour, against wind and tide, among the rocks and ships, with such dexterity as many ancient seamen con- fessed they had never seen the like. " It appeared much to excel all other forms of ships in sail- ing, carriage, and security; but, at length, in its return from a voyage, was destroyed by a common fate, and such a dreadful tempest as overwhelmed a great fleet the same night; so that the ancient fabric of ships had no reason to triumph over the new model, when of seventy sail in the same storm, not one escaped. A model of this ship, made with his own hands, he presented to the repository of Gresham College." See " Tracts, &c. by the late Sir William Petty ; to which is prefixed his last Will." Dublin, 1769. Among " the most remarkable Rai'ities in the Repository at Gresham College," No. 265, is " the model of the hull of a double-bottomed ship, contrived by Sir William Petty, with two heads, two rudders, two holds, two keels," &c. See View of London. 1708. To Y 2 324 SIR WILLIAM PETTY TO PEPYS. and measure I am ridiculed at court concerning this matter ; and be not sparing to speak plainly, for I am proof against what any man can say against this principle. I aim at nothing but the satisfaction to have meant well towards mankind.* Pray, present my service to Sir Anthony, Mr. Houblon, and Mr. Hewer. Desire Captain Sheres (whose very humble servant I am) not to forget the objections he promised against what was of- fered at our last meeting. Pray pardon this trouble from Your affectionate humble servant, WM. PETTY. To Richard Owen, Cambridge, a justly admired miscella- neous writer, who died in 1802, aged 88, the following inven- tion has been attributed. " He contrived a double boat, consisting of two distinct boats, fifty feet in length, and only eighteen inches wide, placed parallel to each other at the distance of twelve feet, and united by a deck. This double boat is described as a swift and steady sailer, and capable of carrying heavy weights." * To promote this laudable self-satisfaction, the Letter- writer had published, " The Advice of W. P. to Mr. Samuel Hartlib, for the Advancement of some particular parts of learn- ing, A. D. 1648." His design was, " That the business of edu- cation be not committed to the worst and unworthiest men, but seriously studied and practised by the best and ablest per- sons." Thus it would no longer " come to pass that many are holding the plough, which might have been made fit to steer the state." See Appendix. 325 MEMORANDA and general Minutes, on setting out from London, July 30, 1683, to my departure from Tangier towards Cadiz, in December follow- ing. 1683. July 30. Monday. From Lambeth. Lay at Godliman. 31. Tuesday. Dined at Petersfield. Lay at \Vinchester. August 1. Wednesday. Dined at the College. Lay at Portsmouth. Lord Dartmouth came on Friday. Monday. Sent for to Windsor. Mem. To examine Townsend's * Parliament- ary Collections of Queen Elizabeth (p. 280) about Dunkirk and Newport doing us mischief. Faults of the maps put out by the Trinity House, on the King's proclamation, 1604. Atkins, my Lord Dartmouth's cook, being robbed on the road, the thieves did (as I remem- ber) say, Colonel Legg, his master, was a Papist ; so, they would take away his papers. Get a bet- ter knowledge of the story from Atkins, to show that this distinction against Papists was got even amongst highwaymen. Strange to see, how surprised and troubled Dr. * " Historical Collections, or an exact Account of the Pro- ceedings of the Four Last Parliaments of Queen Elizabeth," 1588-1601. 326 PEPYS'S DIARY Trumbull shows himself at this new work, put on him, of a Judge Advocate ; how he cons over the Law-martial, and what weak questions he asks me about it.* 8. Wednesday. Lord Dartmouth returned to * From Portsmouth, Aug. 7, 1683, Pepys had thus writ- ten to his friend Evelyn. " Your kind summons of the 2d. Inst. has overtaken rne here, where it cannot be more surprising for you to find me, than it is to me to find myself; the King's command, (without any account of the reason of it,) requiring my repair hither, at less than eight-and-forty hours' warning : not but that I, now not only know, but am well pleased with the errand ; it being to accompany my Lord of Dartmouth (and therewith to have some service assigned me for his majesty) in his present ex- pedition, with a very fair squadron of ships to Tangier. " What our work, nevertheless, is, I am not solicitous to learn, nor forward to make griefs at, it being handled by our masters as a secret. This only I am sure of, that over and above the satisfaction of being thought fit for some use or Other ('tis no matter what), I shall go in a good ship, with a good fleet, under a very worthy leader, in a conversation as delightful, as companions in the first form in divinity, law, physic, and the usefullest parts of mathematics can render it, namely, Dr. Ken, Dr. Trumbull, Dr. Lawrence, and Mr. Sheres; with the additional pleasure of concerts (much above the ordinary) of voices, flutes, and violins ; and to fill up all (if anything can do it, where Mr. Evelyn is wanting), good hu- mour, good cheer, some good books, the company of my near- est friend, Mr. Hewer, and a reasonable prospect of being home again in less than two months." Memoirs. In a very interesting letter from Sayes Court, 10. August, 1683, Evelyn thus refers to the communication of his friend: " Methinks, when you recount all the circumstances of your voyage, your noble and choice company, such useful as delight- ful conversation, you leave us so naked at home, that, till you return from Barbary, we are in danger of becoming barbarians. AT TANGIER. 327 Portsmouth, and entertained, on board, Lord and Lady Gaynsborough ; I and my company dining at our lodgings, Dr. Goundy's. So we all went on board, for good and all. The heroes are all embarked with my Lord Dartmouth, and Mr. Pepys ; nay, they seem to carry along with them, not a colony only, but a college, nay, an whole university; all the sciences, all the arts, and all the professors of them too. " I am sure, you cannot but be curious (among other things) to enquire of medals and inscriptions, especially what may be found about old Tangier, &c. Mr. Sheres will re- member, also, the poor gardener, if he happen on any kernels or seeds of such trees and plants (especially ever-greens) as grow about those precincts. Were it not possible, to discover whether any of those Citrine-trees are yet to be found, that, of old, grew about the foot of Mount Atlas, not far from Tingis ; and were heretofore in dehciis, for their politure and natural maculations, to that degree, as to be sold for their weight in gold? Cicero had a table that cost him ten thousand ses- terces, and another, which I have read of, that was valued at one hundred and forty thousand H. S. [sestertii] ; which, at Sd.H.S., amounted to a pretty sum: and one of the Ptolemies had yet another of far greater price, insomuch as, when they used to reproach their wives for their luxury and excess in pearl and paint, they would retort and turn the tables on their husbands." Memoirs. Middleton, quoting the great Natural Historian, says " there was a cedar table of Cicero's remaining in Pliny's time, said to be the first that was ever seen in Rome, and to have cost him eighty pounds." History of Cicero. 1741. Of a residence which the occupation of " the poor gardener," Evelyn, had rendered illustrious, " it is related, that on the site of the workhouse of St. Nicholas' parish stood Sayes Court, occupied by Peter the Great while he pursued the scheme of working as a shipwright in the Dock-yard." See Fussell's Journey round the Coast of Kent. 1818. 328 MR. HOUELON TO PEPYS. 9. Thursday. Lay (the first night) on board the Grafton, at Spithead ; my Lord lying on shore. Captain Gunmon came into port this evening, and saluted us, but never came to see my Lord. 10. Friday. My Lord came on board. Sailed to St. Helen's, with all the ships in company. What a chaplain the Admiralty did send to my Lord Dartmouth, in the Grafton ! a little deaf, crooked fellow, full of his design of going a hunting with my Lord. In the Grafton, I found a Frenchman, that came into her to serve as a volunteer, under my Lord Duke of Grafton.* He hath been, he says, a lieutenant in the French service. MR. HOUBLON TO PEPYS. SlR, London, August 11, 1683. I FEAR this will find you at Portsmouth. The winds, though calm to-day, are contrary ; but men-of-war, with stopping tides, will get to wind- ward. I say, I fear you are still there ; for, being this voyage is to be made, the sooner you go, the sooner and safer will be your return. I hope the excellent company you have, all masters of arts and sciences, with music of all * Son of Charles II. by Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleve- land. He died, 1690, of a wound received at the siege of Cork. See Diary of Teonge. 1825. MR. HOUBLON TO PEPYS. 329 sorts, will divert your melancholy thoughts of leaving Old England and some of your friends. Those of this family are not a little proud that, out of your great kindness, you form to yourself superstitious omens from being forced to omit bidding them adieu in those forms your great civility would have obliged you to have used. I beseech you draw no uneasy thoughtfulness from hence ; for we will help you to drive away this thinking faculty about the success of the voyage, by our most ardent prayers and wishes for your safe return. And, to confirm your faith in this point, I am sure you will believe these devotions of the major part of my tribe to be innocent and zealous, and all of them sincere. I am now with them all at the Forest, where we wished for your company, and drank to your good voyage. Com- municating the kind expressions of your letter, for which and your great affection I remain infi- nitely obliged, they quickly showed by their grave looks how sensible they were of the truth and sincerity of your affection, which you have so often made good to them by real obligations. The letter I sent you for Mr. Gough will not, I believe, deserve the tenth part of the thanks you bestow upon me for it. If you chance to call at Larache (and it may, for all that I know, do the King service that you do so), here is a let- ter for my friend Mr. Bulteel, who will count him- self a very happy man to possess such a dear friend 330 MR. HOUBLON TO PEPYS. of mine at his house. You will find that he knows you very well, when he will tell you what he hath heard Mr. Thomas Hill, his partner, say of you. You will also be extremely pleased to hear him give you an account of his friendship for him, which certainly was most sincere. I doubt not but he will serve you to his utmost power during your stay there, as will any of our masters if then in that port. I am so straitened for time that I cannot enter- tain you, as I would, with news this evening, by our French and Dutch posts, that Vienna de- fends itself very well, and mighty succours from Poland and other princes are drawing towards its relief. We hear the Queen of Portugal is dangerously sick; that a great number of Jews are clapped up in the Inquisition : so, possibly, you may see how these Holy Inquisitions propa- gate the Gospel by carbonading Jews. You have, Sir, the continuance of my prayers. I embrace you, and pray the great God to direct you and to be conservator of your health and happiness ; and am, Sir, Your most humble and obedient servant, J. A. HOUBLON. Sir, let me have one line more from you per Monday's post. To the Honourable Samuel Pepys, Esq. on board the Graf'ton, Portsmouth. PEPYS'S DIARY AT TANGIER. 331 1683. August 1 2. Sunday. Morning, prayers and sermon by Dr. Ken;* prayers in the afternoon. Evening, came the Cleveland yacht, with the mo- ney for Tangier. Sir J. Berry sailed, and we came to anchor again. Mr. Bankes went to Windsor. 13. Monday. The wind, hitherto, all at west and over-blowing; so we could not stir. My Lord in discourse, in his cabin, broke to me the truth of our voyage, for disarming and destroy- ing Tangier; the first moment he ever spoke, or I ever thought of that, as the intent of our going, having writ the contrary to Mr. Houblon. He will, shortly, show me the King's commission, and instructions. The King hath appointed me his sole counsellor ; and Colonel Kirke, when we come to Tangier. 14. Tuesday. Up, betimes, to send letters to Portsmouth for the post. My Lord took me * Appointed chaplain to Lord Dartmouth, for this expe- dition. On his return from Tangier, April, 1684, he became one of the King's chaplains, " by an order from his majesty himself," who nominated him soon after to the bishoprick of Bath and Wells. Thus Charles would appear to have excused, and even rewarded, an uncourtly sincerity; for Ken, as one of the dignitaries of Winchester, had just before refused the ac- modations