Cs
, iiiiiii
STATISTICAL VIEW
POPULATION or MASSACHUSETTS,
FROM 1765 TO 1840.
BY JESSE C II I C K E R 1 N G
BOSTON:
CHARLES C. LITTLE AND JAMES BROWN
184G.
Entered acconling to Act of Congress, in ihc year 1S4C,
BY JESSE CIIICKERING,
III ilie Clerk's Olli.-e of llie DUlricl Court in the niatrict of Massachnselts.
Hewed & Waison'd Prim. CO Congress Si.
rorULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
The object of the following essay is to exhibit the in-
crease of the population of Massachusetts, and the changes
which have taken place in the number and proportions of
the inhabitants in the several parts of the Commonwealth,
during the period of seventy-five years from 1765 to 1840.
Population is only one of the elements which constitute
a community ; still it is an essential element, and one to
which all interests are subservient. By the increase or de-
crease of the inhabitants, and by the changes in their num-
ber and proportions in the several parts of a country, we
may, to some extent, judge of the state of all the other ele-
ments of society.
We feel an interest in what relates to population, as well
as in what concerns the physical condition of the people,
their morals, their education, their civil institutions, and
their future prospects.
In the several enumerations which have been taken of
the people of this Commonwealth, it can hardly be expect-
ed that the numbers are perfectly correct ; but they may
be regarded as sufficiently so for the general purposes of
comparison, and especially for showing that the increase
in and near Boston, has been much greater than in the
other parts of the state.
The censuses used in this essay are the colonial census,
ordered in 1764 and finished in 1765, and the six censuses
of the United States, taken at intervals of ten years from
1790 to 1840.
lVii38183
^:\ '■'',:''' \ : frOPtJLATiON of MASSACHUSETTS.
There was published in the Columbian Centinel, Aug.
17, 1822, a document purporting to be an ''Account of the
Houses, Famines, Number of White People, Negroes and
Indians, in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, taken in
the year 1764 and 1765." The original returns are not to
be found in the office of the Secretary of the Common-
wealth ; but there is a manuscript in the Library of the
Massachusetts Historical Society, agreeing in the names of
llie towns, and generally in the number of the inhabitants,
and thus confirming the authenticity of this account.* Be-
sides, the records of the General Court from 1763 to 1765,
show their action in ordering a census of the Province.
In this census there are mentioned 184 towns within the
present limits of Massachusetts, two of which, Dracut and
Hanover, made no returns. Two other towns, Paxton and
Sharon, having been incorporated in 1765, are presumed
to have been respectively included in Rutland and Stough-
ton, from which they were set off. Besides these 1S6
towns, there were 14 other towns or districts incorporated
before the close of the year 1765, which seem not to have
been included in this census.
By substituting for the population of these |16 towns,
whose returns are not included in the census of 1765, their
population as contained in the United States census of
1790, — considering their increase during the 25 years as an
offset to the population of the unincorporated settlements not
re(iuired to be returned in the census of 1765, — we shall
have a very near approximation to the true number in
1765. Accordingly, we estimate the number of inhabitants
*See Fdl on rhe Population of Massachusetts, in the Collections of the American Statistical
Association, Vol. I., p. 147, &c.
t These towns are Dracut, in Middlesex county ; Ashhtimham, Roycdston and Whiclwn-
don, in Worcester county ; Cluster, in Hampshire county; Askfuid, Chtirlcmunt and Sun-
</tr^an</, in Franklin county; Bccktl, Egrcmoiit, Lancsborough, New Murl/juroiig/t, Ilich-
mond and Williuiiuitotrn, in Uerkshire couniy ; Ilanoixr, in Plyinoiilh county ; ProvincdoiCH,
111 liarnsUiblo county, with an aggrogato iwpulatiou of 17,842 in 17yo.
CENSUSES. 5
in Massachusetts in 1765, at 244,149, exclusive of 1,509
Indians.
The population in 1790, according to the United States
census published in 1791, was 378,787, which number is
here adopted as the true number, although in the revised
census, as published at Washington in 1832, and in the ap-
pendix to the Compend of the Sixth Census published in
1S41, the number is 378,717, or 70 less^ in consequence of
giving to Nantucket county only 4,550 instead of 4,620.*
I am unable to compare the census published in 1791 with
the original returns to the Marshal, which were deposited
in the District Clerk's office, and remained there until they
were ordered to Washington to replace the copy that was
lost in the destruction of the Patent office, Dec. 15, 1836.
These returns at Washington are believed to be the only
copy in existence.
According to the revised census of 1832, the population
of Plymouth county, in 1800, was 30,473, to which, by
adding 2,229 belonging to Hingham and Hull, then form-
ing a part of Suffolk county, we have 32,702 as the aggre-
gate of the towns of Plymouth county as now constituted,
which number is 400 more than the aggregate of these
towns in the census of 1800, published at the time. Now,
these 400 are a typographical error in the census itself;
and in 1832 they are added, as genuine, to the inhabitants
of Plympton, making the number in that town 1,261 in-
stead of 861, which last agrees very nearly with the num-
ber in the other five United States censuses. The census of
1800, for the town of Plympton, as printed at the time,
stood thus :
*In a "Topographical Description of Nantucket," by Walter Folder, Jr., dated May 21,
1791, and published in the Massachusetts Historical Collections, (Vol. III. p. 1.54,) it is stated
that, according to the enumeration taken in 1790, the whole number of inhabitants was four
thousand six hundred and nineteen. This account makes the females ojic lias than the census
published in 1791,
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
MALES.
FEMALES.
Under
lOyrs.
or 10
and un-
der 16.
Of Ifi
and un-
der 20.
Of 26
and un-
der Ar,.
Of 45 j
and np- j
ward.s. !
Under
lU.
Of 10
and un-
der 16.
Of 16
and un-
der 'M<.
Of 26
ajid un-
der 1.3.
Of 45
and ui>
wards.
3
117
83
461
73
79
116
78 82
1
89
82
1
These make 813 males and 448 females, and a total of
1,2(31, showing an extraordinary disproportion of males to
the females. The 401 males of 10 and nndcr 20 years
should be 01, which only were added in the censns of ISOO,
as published at the time. By deducting 400 from 32,702,
we have 32,302 for the population, in 1800, of the towns
at present belonging to Plymouth county ; and this num-
ber agrees with that in the census published at the time,
and is adopted in this essay ; and thus we have for the
Avliole population of the state, in 1800, 422,81.5 instead of
423,245, as in the revised census published thirty-two
years afterwards.
In the census of 1840, there is an error of 1, in adding
up the towns in Bristol county ; and the number is 60,105
instead of 00,164, and the aggregate of the state 737,700,
instead of 737,699. In this census also, the population of
Boston is 93,383, which is probably too great by at least
8,000, for it was only 83,979, according to the State cen-
sus, taken Maij 1, 1840, in pursuance of a law which
provides " that state paupers and convicts in the state
prison shall not be numbered ; also, the inmates of the
several hospitals, jails and houses of correction, and the
students in colleges, academies and high schools, shall not
be numbered in the census of towns to which they do not
belong."
On the 2d of June, 1763, Ciovernor Barnard present-
ed the subject of taking a census of the colony of iMustia-
CENSUSES. 7
cliusetts Bay, which was acted upon February 2, 1764,
when the selectmen of each town and district were ordered
to make returns of the population " by the last day of De-
cember next." The census was not finished in 1764 ; and
on the 5th of March, 1765, an act passed imposing a pen-
alty upon the selectmen who neglected or refused to com-
plete the returns on or before the 25th of May following.
It does not appear that a date was fixed for taking this
census. It was a little more than twenty-five years before
the time of taking the first United States census.
The United States censuses of 1790, 1800 and 1820,
were taken August 1 ; and those of 1810, 1830 and 1840,
June 1 ; so that the interval between the second and third
censuses, and that between the fourth and fifth, was two
months less than ten years, while that between the third
and fourth was two months tnore than ten years. The
whole period from August 1, 1790 to June 1, 1840, was
two months less than fifty years. These differences in the
length of the intervals between two successive censuses
will affect the numerical results, but so slightly, as not to
be regarded as materially important in the comparative re-
sults, especially for so long a period as from 1790 to 1840.
It may be remarked, however, that the least increase in
any of the five periods was from 1810 to 1820, as we shall
see by Table L, though that period alone embraced two
months Tiiore than ten years. This period embraced the
second war with Great Britain, and was distinguished for
the stagnation of business and the emigration of her citi-
zens to the West.
By assuming 244,149 as the approximate population of
Massachusetts in 1765, the increase in twenty-five years,
to 1790, was 134,638, or 55-14: per cent. : averaging 1-7723
per cent, per anmmi ; which is greater than the increase
has been in any equal period since.
The increase of Boston from 1765 to 1790, was only
8'
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
2,800, or lS-0393 per cent., while that of the rest of the
State was 131,838 or 57-6646 per cent., showing a much
greater increase of the coiuitry towns than of the capital.
This is partly to be ascribed to the effects of the Revolu-
tionary War, which occurred in the course of these twenty-
five years, and in consequence of which for a time most of
the citizens fled into the country. Another cause was, the
people were occupied very much in spreading over the
western parts of the state, as settlers in the then wilder-
ness, and little conversant with commerce and manufac-
tures as now understood, which of late have been the most
important means of building up Boston.
TABLE I. — Exhibiting the Population of Massachusetts, of Boston, and of the
Country Towns, or of the State exclusive of Boston, according to the six United
States Censuses, together with its Increase in each decennial Period, and in each
year, from 1190 to 1840.
MASSACHUSETTS.
BOSTON.
COUNTRY TOWNS.
Increase in 10 p g
Increase in 10
S ..i
Increase in 10
i s
years. g c
years.
gC
years.
Sc
.S R.
.= a.
1
•SS.
_;
♦^
O ''J
^
*^
.J
.J
O -v.!
c
a
tintJ
c
a
<j
2^
3
O
gs^
S
■r<
o
s ^
c
b.
^^
S
fc-i
s;s.
c
S
t~i
> a.
>i
o
<i
p..
<1
O
<;
Ph
<
o
<
Clh
<
1790i378,7S7'i •
-
.
18,320
360,467
.
.
l.'OOl'm,"^:-,' 41,058
11'63133 M0S3
24,937
6,617
36-11899
3-132
397,908
37,441
10-3^680
-9030
1810472,040 49,195
11-6:}42S 1-10G5
33,787
8,850
35-48943
3-083
438,253
40,345 10-13927
-9704
l«20,.523,2-i7 51,247
10-85649 1-0359
43,29S
9,511
28- 1. 5^^-14
2-511
479,9,89
41,7:36 9-.52326
-9i;37
1830'g10,40Si 87,121
1GG4879 1-5519
61,392
18,01H
41-78945
3-553 549,016
69,027 14-as095
l-a527
1S40|737,700
Increase in
127,292
20-85:359
1-91213
93,383
31,991
52-10939
4-283 644,317
95,301 17-.3o851
1-0135
1
50 years, 1358,913
94-75
75,063 409-73
283,850 78-74
Census of |
1
1700 ,378,787
.
18,320
■
360,467
■
1840
737,700
93,383
644,317
-
-
It will be seen that the increase of the whole population
for the first ten years was nearly equal to that in the sec-
ond period of two months less duration, but greater than
that in the third, which alone embraced ten years and two
months. In the last two periods there was decidedly a
INCREASE. 9
larger increase than in either of the first tliree periods.
The increase of manufactures from 1820 to 1840, greatly
checked the emigration to other states.
The increase of Boston and other parts of the state, from
1810 to 1820, was decidedly less than during any other
period, and during the last two periods it was decidedly
greater than during the first two periods.
By adopting 244,149 as the population of Massachusetts
in 1765, we find that the increase in the twenty-five years
was 134,638, from which we deduce the average increase
of 9-1811 per cent, in five years; of 19-2054 jier cent, in
ten years ; and 42-0992 per cent, in twenty years. In
thirty years the increase at the same rate would be 169,415
or 69-3900 -per cent. At the average rate of 9-1811 per
cent, increase in five years, the number would be 266,565
in 1770; 291,039 in 1775; 317,760 in 1780; 346,934 in
1785.
On the 16th of February, 1776, a resolve passed the
Legislature for taking a census of the Colony of Massa-
chusetts Bay, of which the returns show the number of
the whites to have been, in that year,* - - 333,418
from which deduct 17,623 in York county,
14,110 in Cumberland county, and 15,546 in
Lincoln county, belonging to the state of Maine, 47,279
and we have ------- 286,139
The whole number of the blacks was 5,249,
from which deduct 241 on account of the three
counties in Maine, ------ 4,761
and we have, for the whole population in 1776, 290,900
*Seo Velt on the Population of MassacliiHelts, in tho Collections of the American Statistical
Association, Vol. I., p. 165. &c.
2
10 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
which is only 139 less than the mean number
in 1775, as deduced from the average increase
of the census in 1705.
In 1784, the number of the polls in Massa-
chnsetts Bay was ------ 90,757
from wliich deduct on account of tlie three
counties in Maine, ----- 13.723
and we have for the number of the polls, - 77,034
Dy multiplying this number by 4^, we have - 31C,G53
which is 2S1 less than 346,934, the mean num-
ber in 1785, as deduced from the average in-
crease from 1765. I have referred to the cen-
suses of 1776 and 1784, in order to show their
near agreement with the results deduced from
the average increase.
The average increase of Massachusetts, in each period
of ten years, from 1765 to 179U, was 19.2054 per cent. ; and
from 1790 to 1S40, 142606 pei' cent.
The average increase of Massachusetts, in each period
of twenty years, from 1765 to 1790, was 42-0992 per cent. ,
and from 1790 to 1840, 30-5551 ;jcr cent.
The average increase of Boston, in each period of ten
years, from 1790 to 1840, was 38-506 -per cent. ; and of the
rest of the state only 12-3173 /^er cent.
The increase of Massachusetts, from 1765 to 1840, was
493,551 or 202-1515 per cent. ; of Boston, 77,863 or
501-6945 per cent. ; and of the rest of tlie state, 415,688
or 181-8177 per cent.
Tiie average increase of Massachusetts, from 1765 to
1840, in each twenty-five years, was 44-5688 per cent. ; in
each twenty years, 34-2950 per cent. ; in each ten years,
15-SS57 per cent.; in each five years, 7-()503 per cent.; and
AVERAGE INCREASE. 11
in each year, 1*4853 /?e;* cent. This last is -1433 j^cr cent,
"per annum greater than 1-3420 per cent.^ the rate from
1700 to 1810.
It will appear from these statements, that the average in-
crease of the population of Massachusetts was greater
from 1765 to 1790 than it has been since. Had the rate
continued the same, the number would have been 911,749
in 1840. Also, the increase of Boston was, on an average,
much less during the first twenty-five years than that of
the other parts of the state, and much greater during the
last two periods of twenty-five years each, showing a ten-
dency to a centralization in Boston.
The next table shows the average number of the inhabit-
ants in each year, according to the United States censuses,
together Avith the increase, on the supposition of a uniform
rate of increase in each year for each of the five periods, and
the same carried to 1850, at the rate of increase from 1830 to
1840. It will be perceived, that, in consequence of the
difference of rate in the two parts of the Commonwealth,
their increase, until 1840, for the first five years of each
period, is a little /ess, and for the last five years a little
greater^ than the total increase of the state.
12
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TABLE II. — Exhibiting the Average Fopulatio7i of Massachusetts, of Boston, and
of the Country Towns, together nith the Average Increase and Rate of Increase
for each year, according to the six United States Censuses, from 1790 to 1840.
MASSACHUSETTS.
BOSTON.
COUNTRY TOWNS.
VeaiB.
Average
Population.
Av. Iricrea.se.
Kate 1-1UG3
per cent.
Average
Population.
Av. Increase.
Rate 3- 132
per cent.
Average
Population.
Av. Increase.
liate -'M'-i jitr
cent.
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
378,787
382,978
387,215
391,499
395,831
400,210
404,638
409,115
413,641
418,217
422,845
4,191
4,237
4,284
4,332
4,379
4,428
4,477
4,526
4,576
4,(328
18,320
18,894
19,486
20,097
20,726
21^375
22,044
22,734
23,446
24,180
24,937
574
592
611
629
649
669
690
712
734
757
3(30,467
3(34,047
367,6(32
371,313
375,000
378,725
382,487
386,285
390,121
393,995
397,908
3,580
3,615
3,(351
3,687
3,725
3,762
3,798
3,836
3,874
3,913
10 yrs.
-
44,058
-
6,617
-
37,441
Years.
Average
Population.
Av. Increa.se.
Rale 11065
per cent.
Average
Population.
Av. Increase.
Rale 3083
per cent.
Average
Population.
Av. Increase.
Rate -eriM
per cent.
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
427,524
432,255
437,039
441,876
44(3,766
451,710
456,709
461,763
466,873
472,040
4,679
4,739
4,784
4,837
4,890
4,944
4,999
5,051
5,110
5,1(37
25,706
26,499
27,316
28,158
29,026
29,921
30,844
31,795
32,776
33,787
7(39
793
817
842
868
895
923
951
981
1,011
401,7(39
405,6(38
409,(305
413,580
417,594
421,646
425,738
429,869
434,041
438,253
3,861
3,899
3,937
3,975
4,014
4,052
4,092
4,131
4,172
4,212
10 yrs.
49,195
-
8,850
-
40,345
Years.
Average
Population.
Av. Increase.
Rate 10350
per cent.
Average
Population.
Av. Incroa.se.
Rale 2-511
]ier cent.
Average
Population.
Av. Increase.
Rale -9137
per cent.
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
47(3,930
481,871
4H(3,863
491,907
497.003
502,152
507,354
512,610
517,921
523,287
4,890
4,94 J
4,992
5,044
5,09(3
5,149
5,202
5,256
5,311
5,36(3
34,635
35,505
36,397
37,311
38,248
39,208
40,193
41,202
42,237
43,298
848
870
892
914
937
9(30
985
1,009
1,035
1,001
442,258
446,300
450,378
454,494
458,647
4(52,838
467,068
471,336
475,643
479,989
4,005
4,042
4,078
4,116
4.153
4,191
4,230
4,268
4,307
4,346
10 yrs.
-
51,247
-
9,511
41,736
AVERAGE INCREASE.
13
TABLE U.— Continued.
MASSACHU.SETTS.
BOSTON.
COUNTRY TOWNS.
Years.
Average
Population.
Av. Increase.
Rate 1-5519
per coil.
Averasc
Population.
Av Increa.se.
Rate 3-553
per cent.
Average
Population.
Av. Increase.
Rate 1-3527
per cc7it.
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
531,408
539,655
548,030
556,535
565,172
573,943
582,850
591,895
601,080
610,408
8,121
8,247
8,375
8,505
8,637
8,771
8,907
9,045
9,185
9,328
44,8.37
46,430
48.080
49,7S8
51,557
53.389
5.5,286
57,251
59,285
61,392
1,539
1,593
1,()50
1,708
1,71)9
1,832
1,897
1,965
2,034
2,107
486,482
493,063
499,733
506,493
513,344
520,288
527,326
534,459
541,689
549,016
6,493
6,581
6,670
6,7()0
6,851
6,944
7,038
7,133
7,230
7,327
10 yrs.
-
87,121
18,094
-
69,027
Years.
Average
Population.
Av. Increase.
Rate 1-91213
per cent.
Average
Population.
Av. Increa.se.
Rate 4-2.S3
2Kr cent.
Average
Population.
Av. lucrexse.
Rate l-61,3o
jter cent.
1831
1832
1833
622,080
633,975
646,097
11,672
11,895
12.122
64,022
66,765
69,625
2,630
2,743
2,860
557,874
5(i6,876
576,023
8,858
9,002
9,147
1834
658,451
12,354
72,607
2,982
585,317
9,294
1835
671,042
12,591
75,717
3,110
594,761
9,444
1836
683,873
12,831
78,960
3,243
604,357
9,596
1837
696,950
13,077
82,342
3,382
614,108
9,751
1838
1839
710,277
723,859
13,327
13,582
8,5,869
89,547
3,527
3,678
624,017
634,086
9,909
10.069
1840
737,700
13,841
93,383
3,836
644,317
10,231
10 yrs.
-
127,292
-
31,991
-
95,301
Years.
Average
Population.
Av. Increase.
Rate 1-91213
per cent,.
Average
Population.
Av. Increase.
Rale 4-aS3
per cent.
Average
Population.
Av. Increa.se.
Rale 1-6135
per cent.
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
751,806
766,182
780,832
795,763
810,979
826,486
842,290
858,396
874,810
891,537
14,106
14,376
14,650
14,931
15,216
15,507
15,804
16,106
16,414
16,727
97,383
101,554
105.904
110,441
115,172
120,105
125,250
130,615
136,210
142;044
4,000
4,171
4,350
4,537
4,731
4,933
5,145
5,365
5,595
5,831
654,713
665,277
676,011
686,919
698,003
709,265
720,709
732,338
744,154
756,161
10,396
10,564
10,7.34
10,908
11,084
11,262
11,444
11,629
11,816
12,007
10 yrs.
- 1 153,837 1 -
48,661 1 - - 1 111,844
i4 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
Having considered the increase of the population of Mas-
sachusetts, in comparison with that of Boston and other
parts of the state, I will now consider it in respect to the
several counties and towns.
The state of Massachusetts is at present divided into 14
counties, which have received but slight alterations in tlieir
territorial limits since they were incorporated, except the
counties of Hampsliire and Suffolk.
The counties of Suffolk, Essex and Middlesex were in-
corporated May 10, 1G43 ; of Hampshire, May 7, 1GG2 ; of
Plymouth, Bristol and Barnstable, June 2, 16S5 ; of Nan-
tucket, June 20, 1695; of Dukes, June 25, 1795; of Wor-
cester, April 2, 1731 ; and of Berkshire, April 21. 1731.
In 1790, Suffolk county comprised Norfolk, which was
set off, and incorporated March 26, 1793, and also the towns
of Hingham and Hull till June 18, 1803, when they were
annexed to Plymouth.
In 1790, 1800 and 1810, Hampshire county comprised
Franklin, which was set off, and incorporated June 24,
1811, and Hampden, which was set off, and incorporated
February 25, 1812.
The next table embraces the 14 counties, as near as may
be, according to their jpresent territorial limits, with correc-
tions of the censuses as indicated above. The population
is put down against the names of the towns and places
such as they are designated in the six United States cen-
suses ; and in respect to the colonial census, the only
ciianges in the names of the towns mentioned in that cen-
sus, arc that of ^outh Briuijldd^ now Wales, that of llul-
land District, now Barre, and that of Shei'hwm, now Nan-
tucket. In the first column, the names of the towns, such
as they were in 1846, are in roman letters, and the rest in
italics ; the shire towns arc designated by capital letters.
The number of towns, including two districts, with tiic
nnmicipal powers of towns, was 309 in 1840, and 313 in
1816.
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
15
The population of the towns is pnt down in the tabic,
according to the censuses ; but, in consequence of the divis-
ion of some of the towns, their population sometimes ap-
pears smaller at a subsequent date, — and, in consequence
of the alteration of the dividing lines, the number within
the j^resent limits of some towns, will differ a little from
that in the table. These corrections cannot be made, and
will affect the results only within very small districts.
In the marginal notes are given the dates of the Acts of
the Legislature since 1790, relating to the changes in the
names, in the dividing lines, and in the organization of
towns ; to the division, union, or formation of towns ; and
to the annexation of a part of one town to another, or of
unincorporated tracts to one or more towns.
TABLE III. — Exhibiting the Population in the Towns of Massachusetts, ac-
cording to the seven Censuses, from 1765 to 1840, together with the years of
their Incorporation, (new style), by Counties.
SUFFOLK COUNTY.
TOWNS.
Incor.
Census.
1765
Census.
1790
Census.
1800
Census.
1810
Census.
1820
Census.
1830
Census.
1840
Boston, a city,(l)
Islands in Harbor,
Chelsea, (2)
North Chelsea, (3)
1630
1739
1846
15,520 18,038
282
462 472
24,937
849
33,250
537
594
43,298
642
61,392
771
93,383
2,390
Total,
-
15,982 18,792
25,786
34,381
43,940
02,163
95,773
1 . The north-eastern part of Dorchester, now called South Boston, was annexed to Boston,
March 6, 1804.
The town of Boston made a city, Feljmary 23, 1322.
Boundary line of Boston and Brookline established, with a part of Brookline annexed
to Boston, Fehruary 22, 1825. This annexed portion, joined to Ward G, March 3, 1S2G.
Thompson's Island anne.xed to Boston from Dorchester, March 25, 18.34.
Boundary line of Boston and Ro.xbury estaljlished March 16, 183G, and altered April 19,
1837.
2. See Saugus.
3. North Chelsea set off from Chelsea, and incorporated as a town, March 19, 184G,
IG
POPULATION OF IMASSACHUSETTS.
ESSEX COUNTY.
TOWNS.
Incor.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1,567
1,801
1,757
1,890
1,956
2,445
2,142
2,863
2.941
3,164
3,889
4,530
2,161
3,290
3,881
4,608
4,283
4,073
b51
925
852
880
906
935
1.125
1,371
1,420
1,369
1,600
1,856
2,133
2,425
2,643
3,127
3,646
4,228
-
-
-
-
1,107
1,333
3,763
5,317
5,313
5,943
6,384
7,510
-
.
749
780
802
748
1,980
2,408
2,730
2,682
3,070
3,896
3,743
4,562
3,305
3,569
2,553
2,949
2,198
2,291
2,837
4,087
4,515
6,138
.
491
468
509
596
617
732
965
1,082
1,137
1,201
1,236
4,954
5,661
5,211
5,900
5,630
5,149
933
1,297
1,253
1,181
1,371
2,006
581
682
598
541
596
607
2,960
3,972
4,076
5,176
3,671
3,603
2,882
4,837
5,946
7,634
6,852
6,375
1,477
1,772
1,557
1,682
1,825
2,044
4,427
7,921
9,457
12,613
12,731
13,895
2,5 19 1
1,329
1,780
1,855
2,047
2,006
Census.
1840
Amesbury, (1) -
Andover, -
Beverly, -
Boxford, (2)
Bradford, -
Danver,-<, (3)
Essex, (4) -
Georgetown, (5) -
Gloucester, (6) -
Hamilton, (7)
Haverhill, -
Ipswich, (8)
Lynn. (9) -
Lynniield, (10) -
Manchester,
Marblehead,
Methuen, -
Middleton, -
Newbury, (11) -
Newbukyport, -
Rockport, (12) -
Rowley, (13)
Salem, a city, (14)
Salisbury, (15) -
166S
161
1668
1685
1675
1757
1819
1838
1639
1793
164
1634
1637
1782
1645
1649
1725
1728
1635
1764
1840
1639
1629
1639
2,471
5,207
4,689
942
2,222
5,020
1,450
1,540
6,350
818
4,336
3,000
9,367
707
1,355
5,575
2,251
657
3,789
7,161
2.650
1,203
15,082
2,739
1. Part of Salisbury annexed to Amesbury, March 15, 1844.
2. Pan of Rowley annexed to Boxford, June 10, 1808.
Boundary line of Boxford and Rowley established, June 18, 1825.
Pan of Ipswich annexe<i to Boxford, March 7, 1S46.
3. See Saitm.
4. Essex set off from Ipswich, and incorporated as a town, February 15, 1819.
5. Georgetown set off from Rowley, and incorporated as a town, April 21, 1833.
6. See Rockport.
7. The Parish of Ipswich Hamlet, incorporated as the town of Hamilton, June 21, 1793.
8. See Buxfurd, Essrx and Hamilton,
9. Boundary line of Lynn and Chelsea defined, June 21, 1S30. Sec Cludsea, Lynnfdd and
Saugiis.
10. Lynnfield set off from Lynn, and incorporated as a District, July 3, 17S2, and as a town,
February 23, 1814.
1 1 . See West Newbury.
12. R(ick|X)n set off from Gloucester, and incorporated as a town, February 27, 181(1.
13. Sou Buxfurd and GcorgetuwH.
11. The town of Salum made a city, March 23, 1S36.
Boundary line of iialem and Danvcrs altered, March 17, \SiO.
15. See AiiunOiiry.
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
17
ESSEX COUNTY— Contmued.
TOWNS.
Incor.
Census.
1765
Census.
1790
Census.
1800
Census.
1810
Census.
1820
Census.
1830
Census.
1840
Saugus, (1)
Topsfield, -
Wenham, -
West Newbury,
- 1815
- 1650
- 1643
(2)1819
719' 780
564: 502
789
476
815
554
74s' 96o' 1,098
866i 1,010, 1,05'J
572! 611 689
1,279, 1,586, 1,560
Total, -
- i -
43,524 57,913 61,196; 71,888
74,655| 82,859 94,987
MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
Ashland, (3)
1846
Acton,
1735
611
853
901
885
1,047
1,128
1,121
Ashby, (4)
1767
.
751
941
1,103
1,188
1,240
1,246
Bedford, -
1729
457
523
538
592
648
685
929
Billerica, -
1655
1,334
1,191
1,383
1,289
1,380
1,374
1,632
Boxborough, (5)
1783
.
412
387
388
424
474
426
Brighton, (6)
1807
.
.
.
608
702
972
1,425
Burlington, (7) -
1799
.
-
534
471
508
446
510
Camb'dge, acity,(8)
1633
1,571
2,115
2,453
2,323
3,295
6,072
8,409
Carlisle, (9)
1780
-
555
634
672
681
566
556
Charlestown, (10)
1629
2,031
1,583
2,751
4,959
6,591
8,783
11,484
Chelmsford, (11)
1655
1,012
1,144
1,290
1,396
1,535
1,387
1,697
Concord, -
1635
1,564
1,590
1,679
1,633
1,788
2,017
1,784
1. Part of Lynn incorporaled as the town of Saugus, February 17, LSIS.
Part of Chelsea annexed to Saugus, February 22, 1S41.
2. Parsons set off from Newbury, and incorporated as the town of West Newbury, June 14,
1820.
3. Part of Hopkinton, Framingham and Holliston set off, and incorporated as the town of
Ashland, March 16, 1846.
4. Part of Ashburnham annexed to Ashby, November 16, 1792, and part of Fitchburg, March
3, 1829.
5. Part of Stow, Harvard and Littleton set off, and incorporated as the District of Boxborough,
February 2.5, 1783, and as a town, Blay 1, 1336. See Littletoyi.
6. Part of Cambridge set off, and incorporated as the town of Brighton, February 24, 1807.
Part of Cambridge annexed to Brighton, January 27, 1816.
7. Part of Woburn set off, and incorporated as the town of Burlington, February 28, 1799.
See Lexington,
8. Part of Charlestown annexed to Cambridge, Blarch 6, 1802, February 12, 1818, and June 17,
1820.
Town of Cambridge made a city, March 17, 1846. See Brighton and West Cambridge.
9. District of Carlisle incorporated as a town, February 18, 1805.
10. Part of Medford annexed to Charlestown, June 21, 1811. See Sormrville and W. Cambridge.
11. See Lowell.
18
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
MIDDLESEX COUNTY— Continued.
1 Census.
Census.
1
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census. Census.
TOWXS.
Incor.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1730 1800
Dracut,
1702
1,217
1,217
1,274
1,301
1,407
1,615
2,188
Dunstable, (1) -
1673
559
380
485
475
584
593
603
Framingham, (2)
1700
1,305
1,598
1.625
1,670
2,037
2,313
3,030
Groton, (3)
1655
1,423
1,840
1^802
1,886
1,897
1,925
2,139
Holliston, (4) -
1724
705
875
783
989
1,042
1,304
1,782
Hopkinton, (5) -
1715
1,027
1,317
1,372
1,345
1,655
1,S09| 2,245
Lexington, (6) -
1713
912
941
1,006
1,052
1,200
1,543
1,642
Lincoln,
1754
649
740
756
713
706
709
686
Littleton, (7)
1715
773
854
904
773
955
947
927
Lowell, a city, (8)
1826
-
-
-
-
-
6,474 20,796
Maiden, (9)
1649
■ 983
1,033
1,059
1,384
1,731
2,010: 2,514
Marlborough, (10)
1660
1,287
1.554
1,735
1,674
1,952
2,077i 2,101
Medford, (11) -
1630
790
i;029
1,114
1,443
1,474
1,755 2.478
Natick, (12)
1762
474
615
694
766
849
890: 1,285
Newton, (13) -
1691
1,308
1,360
1,491
1,709
1,850
2,376
3,351
Pepperell, (14) -
1753
758
1,132
1,198
1,333
1,439
1,440
1,571
Reading, (15) -
1644
1,530
1,802
2,025
2,228
2,797
1,806
2,193
Sherburne, (16) -
1674
670
801
775
770
811
899
995
1. Boundary line of Dunstable and Tyngsborough established, January 29, 1798.
Part of Grolon annexed to Dunstable, February 25, 1793, January 26, 1796, and June 18,
1303. See Groton and Tyngsborough.
2. Part of Holliston annexed to Framingham, February 11, 1833. See Ashland, Holliston,
Hopkinton and Marlborovgh.
3. Part of Pepperell annexed to Grolon, Febniary 3, 1803.
Boundary line of Grolon and Dunstable established, February 15, 1820.
See Dunstable and Shirley.
4. Boundary line of HoUislon and Medway altered, March 3, 1829.
Boundary line of Holliston, Hopkinton and Medway established, March 27, 183,'»
See Ashland and Pramingliain.
5. See Ashland, Framingham, Holliston and Upton.
6. Part of Burlington annexed to Lexington, January 10, 1810.
7. Boundary line of Littleton and Boxborough established, February 20, 1794.
See Boxborough,
8. Part of Chelmsford set off, and incorporated as the town of Lowell, March 1, 1826.
Part of Tewksbury annexed to Lowell, March 22, 1S32 and March 29, 1S34.
Lowell made a city, April 1, 1836.
9. See Medford.
10. Part of Framingham annexed to Marlliorough, Febniary 23, 1791, and part of Souihborough,
March 24, 1!J43. See Bolton and Northborotigh.
11. Part of Maiden annexed to Medford, June 10, 1817. See Cliarlestotm.
12. Part of Sherburne annexed to Natick, February 7, 1820. See Needham.
13. An island between Needham and Newton, annexed to Newton, June 21, 1803. SeeRoxbury.
14. See Groton.
15. See South Reading.
16. See Natick and Medway.
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
m
MIDDLESEX COUNTY— Continued.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
TOWNS.
Incor
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Shirley, (1)
Soraerville, (2) -
1753
430
677
713
814
922
991
957
1842
-
-
-
-
-
-
South Reading, (3)
1812
-
-
-
-
1,311
1,517
Stoneham, -
1725
340
381
380
467
615
732
1,017
Stow, (4) -
1083
794
801
890
885
1,071
1,220
1,230
Sudbury, -
1639
1,773
1,290
1,303
1,287
1,417
1,423
1,422
Tewksbury, (5) -
1734
781
958
944
943
1,008
1,527
906
Townsend, -
1732
598
993
1,149
1,246
1,482
1,506
1,892
Tyngsborough, (6)
1789
-
382
696
704
808
822
870
Waltham, -
1738
663
882
903
1,014
1,677
1,857
2,504
Watertown,
1630
693
1,091
1,207
1,531
1,518
1,641
1,810
Wayland, (7) -
1835
-
-
-
-
-
-
998
East Sudbury,
1780
-
801
835
824
962
944
-
W. Cambridge, (8)
1807
.
.
-
971
1,064
1,230
1,363
Westlord, -
1 729
962
1,229
1,267
1,330
1.409
1,329
1,436
Weston,
1713
768
1,010
1,027
1,008
1,041
1,091
1,092
Wilmington,
1730
673
710
797
716
786
731
859
Woburn, (9)
1642
1,515
1,727
1,228
1,219
1,519
1,977
2,993
Total, -
-
34,940
42,737
46,928
52,789
61,472
77,961
106611
WORCESTER COUNTY.
Ashburnham, (10) 1765
Athol, ( 1 1) - |l762
951
359
951
848
994
993
1,036
1,041
1,230
1,211
1,402
1,325
1,652
1,591
1. Part of Groton anne.Ked to Shirley, February G, 1793. See Limenburg.
2. Part of Charlestown set off, and incorporated as tlie town of SomerviUe, March 3, 1842.
3. Part of Reading set off", and incorporated as the town of South Reading, February 25, 1812.
4. See Boxborough,
5. See Lowell.
6. Part of Dunstable annexed to Tyngsborough, March 3, 1792.
District of Tyngsborough made a town, Febntary 23, 1809.
Boundary line of Tyngsborough and Dunstable established, June 10, 1814.
7. Name of East Sudbury changed to Wayland, March 11, 1835.
8. Part of Cambridge set off", and incorporated as the town of West Cambridge, February 27,
1807.
Part of Charlestown annexed to West Cambridge, February 25, 1842.
9. See Burlington.
10. Part of Gardner annexed to Ashburnham, February 16, 1815, and of Westminster, January
28, 1824. See Ashbij.
11. Part of Gerry annexed to Athol, February 26, 1806, of Orange, Febraary 7, 1816, and of
New Salem, February 5, 18-30, and March 16, 1837.
Land confirmed to Athol, June 11, 1829. See Royalston.
20
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
WORCESTER COUNTY— Contiiiued.
TOWNS.
Incor.
Census.
1765
Census.
1790
Census.
1800
Census.
1810
Census.
1820
Census.
1830
Census.
1840
Auburn, (1)
Barre, (2) -
Berlin, (3) -
Blackstone, (1) -
Bolton, (5)
Boylston, (0)
Brookfield, (7) -
Charlton, (8^ -
Dana, (9) -
Douglas, (10) -
Dudley, (11) -
Fitchburg, (12) -
Gore,
Gardner, (13) -
Grafton, (14) -
Hard wick, (15) -
Harvard, (16) -
1778
1753
17
IS 15
173.S
1786
1673
1754
1801
1746
1732
1764
1785
1735
1739
1732
473
734
1,613
-
512
925
861
.
839
1,811
3,100
739
1,965
521
1,079
748
1,114
259
1,151
.
14
-
531
763
872
1,010
1.725
1,126
1,387
532
1,937
590
945
1,058
3,284
2,120
1,083
1,140
1,390
667
985
1,727
1,310
540
1,971
591
1,037
800
3,170
2,180
625
1,142
1,226
1,566
815
946
1,657
1,431
608
2,077
625
1,229
902
2,292
2,134
664
1,375
1,615
1,736
690
2,503
692
1.253
820
2,342
2,173
623
1,742
2,155
2,169
911 1,023
1,154' 1,889
1,8361 1,885
l,597i 1,600
649
2,751
763
1,186
797
2,472
2,117
691
1,617
1,352
2,604
1,260
2,943
1,789
1,571
1. Name of Ward changed to Auburn, February 17, 18-37.
2. Barre was incorporated as Rutland District, March 28, 1753.
3. Part of Lancaster annexed to Berlin, February 8, 1791, and of Norlhljorough, February 14,
1806.
District of Berlin incorporated as a town, February 12, 1812.
4. Part of Mendon set off, and incorporated as the town of Blackstone, March 25, 184-5.
5. Part of Marlborough annexed to Bolton, Fctiruary 11, 1829.
Boundary line of Bolton and Westborough established, March 16, 1S3S.
6. See West Boi/lston.
7. Boundary line of Brookfield and New Braintree established, June 10, 1791, and an addi-
tional act, March 8, 1792. See North Brookfield and Ware.
8. See Sovthbridge and Sturbridge.
9. Part of Petersham, Hardwick and Greenwich set off, and incorporated as the town of Dana,
February 13, 1301. Boundary line of Dana established, February 12, 1S03, and of Dana
and Greenwich, June 19, 1811.
Part of Petersham and Hardwick annexed to Dana, February 4, 1842.
10. See Wtbstcr.
11. Middlesex Gore, so called, annexed to Dudley and Sturbridge, June 25, 179-1.
See Suulhhridge and Webster.
12. See Ashby and Westminster.
13. Part of Winchendon annexed to Gardner, February 20, 1794. See Ashburnham.
14. Gore of land annexed to Grafton, June 14, 1S23.
Part of Shrewsbury annexed to Grafton, March 3, 1826.
Part of Sutton annexed to Grafton, March 3, 1842. See Worcester.
15. Part of New Braintree annexed to Hardwick, June 10, 1814.
Gore of land annexed to Hardwick, February 7, 1.831 and Februuiy 6, 1S33.
See Dana and PeteTsham.
IC. See Doxbormtgh
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
21
WORCESTER COUNTY— Cowifmwerf.
TOWNS.
Census.
Incor.
1765
1741
495
1707
-
1653
1,999
1711
770
1740
713
1728
821
1667
1,838
1780
-
1813
-
1751
594
1766
.
1772
-
1812
.
1762
270
1713
890
1765
.
1754
707
1786
-
1759
284
■
'
Census.
1790
Census.
Census.
1800
1810
1,142
1,113
1,584
1,072
1,127
1,694
1,103
1,181
1,4«6
1,584
1,243
1,628
1,371
1,819
907
973
875
912
698
794
544
713
801
848
1,237
1,277
582
619
1,794
802
1,490
839
1,021
1,062
■
'
Census.
1820
Census.
1830
Census.
1840
Holden, (1)
Hubbardston, (2)
Lancaster, (3) -
Leicester, -
Leominster, (4) - )
Gore, - - I
2Vo Town, (5) - )
Lunenburs;, (6) -
Mendon, (7)
B'lilford, -
Millbury, (8) -
New Braintree, (9)
Northborough, (10) 1766
Northbridge, (11)
N. Brookfield, (12)
Oakham, -
Oxford, (13)
Gore,
Paxton, (14)
Petersham, (15)
Phillipston, (16)
Princeton, (17)
Gore.,
1,077
933
1,460
1,076'
1,189
27
1,277
1,555
839
939
619
569
772
1,000
237
558
1,560
740
1,016
26
1,402
1,367
1,862
1,252
1,790
1,209
2,254
1,160
926
888
1,018
905
1,095
986
1,562
613
1,623
916
1,261
1,719
1,674
2,014
1,782
1,861
69
1,317
3,152
1,360
1,611
825
992
1,053
1,241
1,010
2,034
597
1,696
932
1,346
1,874
1,784
2,019
1,707
2,069
1,272
3,524
1,773
2,171
752
1,248
1,449
1,485
1,038
1,742
670
1,775
919
1,347
1. Boundary line of Holden and Paxton established, March 27, 1793.
Part of Paxton annexed to Holden, March 19, 1S31. See Paxton and West Boylston.
2. See Princeton.
3. Boundary line of Lancaster and Sterling established, March 7, 1837. See Berlin and Sterling.
4. Part of No Town annexed to Leominster, April 13, 1838.
5. See Leominster, Princeton and Westminster.
6. Boundary line of Lunenburg and Shirley established, March 3, 1846.
7. See Blackstone.
8. Part of Sutton set off, and incorporated as the town of Millbury, June 11, 1813.
9. See Brookfield and Harchcick.
10. Part of Marlborough annexed to Northborough, June 20, 1807. See Berlin.
11. Part of Sutton annexed to Northbridge, February 17, 1801 and March 16, 1844. See Sutton.
12. Part of Brookfield set off, and incorporated as a town, Febniary 2S, 1812.
13. Part of Sutton annexed to Oxford, Febraary 18, 1793, Oxford South Gore, February 6, 1807,
and Oxford North Gore, March 22, 1838. See Webster.
14. Part of Holden annexed to Paxton, February 13, 1^01 and April 9, 1838.
See Holden and Rutland.
15. See Da7ia.
16. Name of Gerry changed to that of Phihipston, February 5, 1814.
Boundary line of Phillipston and Royalston altered, March 29, 18-37. See Rot/alston.
17. Part of Hubbardston annexed to Princeton, February 16, 1810, and part of No Town, April
4, 1838.
22
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
WORC ESTER COUNTY— Continued.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
TOWNS.
Iiicor.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Royalston, (1) -
Rutland, (2)
Shrewsbury, (3)
Southborough, (4)
ITfio
1,130
1,130
1,243
1,415
1,424
1,493
1,667
1714
1.090
1,072
1,202
1,231
1,262
1,276
1,260
1727
1,401
963
1,048
1,210
1,458
1,386
1,481
1727
731
837
871
926
1,030
1,080
1,145
SouthbriJge, (5)
1816
-
-
-
-
1,066
1,444
2,031
Spencer,
1753
664
1,322
1,432
1,453
1,548
1,618
1,604
Sterling, (G)
1781
-
1,428
1,614
1,472
1,710
1,794
1,647
Sturbridge, (7) - )
1738
896
1,704
1,846
1,927
1,633
1,688
2,005
Gore, - - \
-
-
64
-
-
-
-
-
Sutton, (8)
1715
2,138
2,642
2,513
2,660
2,056
2,186
2,370
Templeton,
1762
348
950
1,068
1,205
1.331
1,552
1,776
Upton, (9)
1735
614
833
854
995
1,088
1,167
1,466
Uxbridge, -
1727
1,213
1,308
1,404
1,404
1,551
2,086
2.004
Warren, (10) -
1742
583
899
979
1,014
1,112
1,189
1,290
Webster, (11) -
1S32
-
-
-
.
-
-
1,403
Westborough, (12)
1717
1,110
934
922
1,048
1,326
1,438
1,658
WestBoylston,(13)
1808
.
-
-
632
886
1,055
1,187
Westminster, (14)
1759
468
1,176
1,369
1,419
1,634
1,696
1,645
Winchendon, (15)
1764
946
946
1,092
1,173
1,263
1,463
1,754
WoRCESTERj (16)
1684
1,478
2,095
2,411
2,577
2,962
4,173
7,497
Total, -
-
34,167
56,807
61,192
64,910
73,625
84,355
95,313
1. Part of Athol and Gerry annexed to Royalston, February 26, 1799, and part of Athol, IMarch
7, 1803. See Pkiliipsto7i.
2. Boundnry line of Rutland and Paxton established, February 20, 1829.
3. See Grafton.
4. Boundary line of Southborough and Westboro' established, Mar. 5, 1835. SeeMarlboroiigh.
5. Part of Sturbridge, Charlton and Dudley set off, and incorporated as the town of South-
bridge, February 15, 1SI6.
Part of Dudley annexed to Soutbbridge, Feb. 23, 1822, and part of Sturbridge, Apr. 6, 1839.
6. Part of Lancaster set off, and incorporated as the town of Sterling, March 12, 1793.
See Lancaster and West Boylston.
7. Part of Charlton annexed to Sturbridge, June 27, 1792. See Dudley and Southbridge.
8. Part of Norlhbridge annexed to Sutton, June 15, 1831. Boundary line of Sutton and North-
bridge altered, Blareh 7, 1837. See Grafton, Millburij, Northbridge and Oxford.
9. Part of Hopkinton annexed to Upton, March 8, 1808.
10. Name of Western changed to Warren, March 13, 1S34. See Palmer and Ware.
1 1. Part of Oxford and Dudley set off, and incorporated as the town of Webster, March 6, 1832.
Boundary line of Webster and Douglas established, February 27, 1841.
12. See Bolton and Southborough.
13. Part of Boylston, Holden and Sterling set off, and incorporated as the town of West Boyl-
ston, January 30, 1808.
Part of Boylston anne.ved to W. Boylston, Feb. 10, 1820 and June 17, 1820. See Bolton.
14. Part of Fitchbiirg annexed to Westminster, February 12, 179G and February 16, 1813,
Part of No Town annexed to Westminster, April 10, 1838. See Ashburnhum.
15. See Gardner.
J(>. Gialtun Gore annexed to Worcpster, March 22, IPS.'?.
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
23
HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
TOWNS.
Incor
Amherst, (1)
Belchertovvn, (2)
Chesterfield, (3)
Cummington, (4)
Easthampton, (5)
Enfield, (6)
Goshen, (7)
Granby, (8)
Greenwicn, (9) -
Hadley, (10)
Hatfield, (11) -
Middlefield,
Northampton, -
Norwich, (12) -
Pelham, (13) -
Plainfield, (11) -
Prescott, (15) -
S outh Hadle y, (16)
1759
1761
1762
1779
1785
1816
1781
1768
1754
1661
1670
1783
1654
1773
1743
1785
1822
1753
Cansus.
Census.
Census.
Census.
1765
1790
1800
1810
645
1,233
1,358
1,469
418
1,485
1,878
2,270
161
1,183
1,323
1,408
-
873
985
1,009
-
457
586
660
.
681
724
652
-
596
786
850
434
1,045
1,460
1,225
573
882
1,073
1,247
803
703
809
805
.
608
877
822
1,285
1,628
2,190
2,631
.
742
959
968
371
1,040
1,144
1,185
-
458
797
977
817
759
801
902
Census.
1820
1,917
2,426
1,447
1,060
712
873
632
1,066
778
1,461
823
755;
2,854!
849
1,278'
936
1,047,
Census.
1830
2,631
2,491
1,416
1,261
745
1,056
617
1,064
813
1,686
893
720
3,613
795
904
984
758
1,185
Census.
1840
2,550
2,554
1,132
1,237
717
976
556
971
824
1,814
933
1,717
3,750
750
956
910
780
1,458
1. Part of Hadley annexed to Amherst, February 28, 1811, February 18, 1812, and February
17, 1814. See Hadley.
2. See Enfield.
3. Part of Norwich annexed to Chesterfield, February 22, 1794.
B )undary line of Chesterfield and Goshen established, February 7, 1797, and of Chester-
field, Goshen and Williamsburg, February 16, 1810. See Williamsburg.
4. See Plainfield.
5. District of Easthampton incorporated as a town, June 16, 1809.
Boundary line of Easthampton and Southampton established, February 1, 1S2S.
Part of Southampton annexed to Easthampton, March 13, 1841. See Southampton.
6. Part of Greenwich and Belchertown set off, and incorporated as the town of Enfield, Febru-
ary 1-5, 1S16.
Boundary line of Enfield and Greenwich altered, June 12, 1818.
7. See Chesterfield.
8. Part of South Hadley annexed to Granby, March 6, 1792.
Boundary line of Granby and South Hadley altered, June 12, 1824, June 20, 1826, and
June 16, 1827.
9. See Dana, Enfield and Petersham.
10. Boundary line of Hadley and Amherst altered, Blarch 1, 1815. See Amherst.
11. Boundary line of Hatfield and Williamsburg astablished, Mar. 14, 1845 and Mar. 19, 1846.
12. See Chesterfield and Montgomery.
13. See Prescott.
14. Part of Cummington annexed to Plainfield, Feb. 4, 1794, and part of Hawley, June 21, 1803.
District of Plainfield incorporated as a town, June 15, 1807.
15. Prescott set off from the East Parish of Pelham and from the south part of New Salem, and
incorporated as a town, June 22, 1822.
16. See Granby.
24
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
HAMPSHIRE COUNTY— Conti7iued.
TOWNS. Incor.
Census.
17(33
Census.
1790
Census.
1800
Census.
1810
Census.
1820
Census.
1830
Census.
1840
Southampton, (1)
Ware, (2) -
Westhampton, -
Williamsburg, (3)
AVorthington, (4)
1753
17(il
1778
1771
1768
437
485
829
773
683
1,049
1,116
983
997
756
1,176
1,223
1,171
996
793
1,122
1,391
1,160
1,154
896
1,087
1,276
1,244
2,045
918
1,236
1,179
1,157
1,890
759
1,309
1,197
Total, -
-
6,429
18,823
22,885
24,553
26,487
30,254
30,897
HAMPDEN COUNTY.
Blandford, (5) -
1741
406
1,416
1,778
1,613
1.515
1
1,590 1,427
Brimfield. -
1731
773
1,211
1,384
1,325
1,612
1,599, 1,419
Chester, (6)
17G5
1,119
1,119
1,542
1,534
1,526
1,407' 1,632
Granville, (7)
1754
682
1,979
2,309
1,504
1,643
1,649 1,414
Holland, (S)
Longmeaaovv,
1783
.
428
445
420
453
453 423
1783
.
744
973
1,036
1,171
1,257' 1,270
Ludlow, (9)
1774
-
560
650
730
1.246
1,327 1,268
Monson, (10) -
1760
389
1,331
1,635
1,674
2,126
2,263 2,151
Montgomery, (11)
1780
.
449
■ 560
595
604
579 740
Palmer, (12)
1752
508
809
1,039
1,114
1,197
1,237: 2,139
Russell, (13) -
1792
.
.
431
422
491
507, 955
South wick, (14) -
1770
-
841
867
1,229
1,255
1,3551 1,214
Springfield, (15)
1646
2,755
1,574
2,312
2,767
3,914
6,784 10,985
Part of Easthampton annexed to Southampton, March 13, 1S41.
See Easthampton and Montgomiry.
Part of Brookfield and Western annexed to Ware, February 8, 1S23.
Boundary line of Williamsburj,' and Chesterfield established, June 24, 1795.
See Chesterfield and Hal field.
Part of Chester annexed to Worthington, June 21, 1799.
Boundary line of Blandford and Chester established, February 22, 1809 and June 13, 1810,
and of Blandford and Russell, February 22, 1809.
See Blandford and Worthington.
See Tolland.
East Parish of South Brimfield incorporated as the District of Holland, July 5, 1783, and as
the town of Holland, May I, 1S3C.
See S]iri>igfield.
Boundary line of Monson and Palmer established, Febniary 8, 1828.
Part of Norwich and Southampton annexed to Montgomery, March 6, 1792. See Russell.
Part of Western annexed to Palmer, February 7, 1831. See Mojison.
Part of AVesifield and Montgomery set oflT, and incorporated as the town of Russell, Februa-
ry 25, 1792. See Blandford.
See Westfield.
Boundafy line of Springfield and Lmllow established, June 5, 1830.
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
^
HAMPDEN C0\5^TY— Continued.
TOWNS.
[ncor.
Census.
1765
Census.
1790
Census.
1800
Census
1810
Census.
1820
Census.
1830
Census.
1840
Tolland, (1)
Wales, (2) - )
South Brimfitli, - )
Westfield, (3) -
W. Springfield, (4)
Wilbraham, (5) -
1810
1762
1669
1774
1763
574
1,324
491
606
2,204
2,367
1,555
774
2,185
2,835
1,743
798
645
2,130
3,109
1,776
692
683
2,668
3,246
1,979
723
665
2,940
3,270
2,034
627
686
3,526
3,626
1,864
Total, -
-
9,021
19,193
23,462
24,421
28,021
31,639
37,366
FRANKLIN COUNTY.
Ashfield, -
Bernardston, (6)
Buckland, (7) -
Charlemont, (8)-
Zoar, (9) -
Coleraine, -
Conway, (10) -
Deerfield, (11) -
Erving, (12)
Gill, (13) -
Greenfield, (14)
Hawley, (15) -
Plantation No. 7,
1765
1,459
1,741
1,809
1,748
1,732
1762
230
691
780
811
912
918
1779
.
718
1,041
1,097
1,037
1,039
1765
.
665
875
987
1,081
1,065
-
-
78
215
120
150
129
1761
297
1,417
2.014
2,016
1,961
1,877
1767
-
2,092
2,013
1,784
1,705
1,563
1673
737
1,330
1,531
1,570
1,868
2,003
1838
.
.
.
160
331
488
1793
.
.
700
762
800
864
1753
368
1,498
1,254
1,165
1,361
1,540
1792
.
878
1,031
1,089
1,037
-
-
539
-
-
-
-
1,610
992
1,084
1,127
1,971
1,409
1,912
309
798
1,756
977
1. Tolland set off' from Granville and incorporated as a town, June 14, 1810.
2. South Brimfield incorporated as a district, Sept. 18, 1762, and as the town of Wales, Februa-
ry 20, 1828. See Holland.
3. Boundary line of Westfield and Southwick altered, March 20, 1837.
See Russell and W. Springjield.
4. Part of Westfield annexed to West Springfield, March 3, 1802.
5. A tract of land called the Elbows annexed to Wilbraham, June 11, 1799.
6. Part of Deerfield annexed to Bemardston, April 14, 1838.
7. Part of Conway annexed to Buckland, April 14, 1838.
8. See Rotce and Shelbume.
9. See Rowe.
10. Part of Deerfield annexed to Conway, June 17, 1791.
Boundary line of Conway, Deerfield and Whately defined, June 21, 181 1 . See Buckland.
11. See Bernardslon, Comcay B.nd Whately.
12. Erving's Grant incorporated as the town of Erving, Apr. 17, 1838. See iV. SalemeLuA Orange.
13. Part of Greenfield set off, and incorporated as the town of Gill, September 28, 1793, part of
Northfield, Febraary 28, 1795, and Great Island in Connecticut river, March 14, 1805.
14. See Gill.
15. Plantation No. 7 incorporated as the town of Hawley, February 7, 1792. See Plaivjieki.
20
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
FRANKLIN COUNTY— Conlinued.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
TOWNS.
Incor.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Heath,
1785
.
379
604
917
1,122
1,199
895
Leverctt, -
1774
-
524
711
769
857
939
875
Levden, (1)
1784
-
989
1,095
1,009
974
796
632
Monroe, (2)
1822
-
-
-
-
-
265
282
Blontague, (3) -
1753
392
906
1,222
934
1,074
1,152
1,255
New Salem, (4) -
1753
375
1,543
1.949
2,107
2,146
1,889
1,305
Northfield, (5) -
1714
415
868
1,047
1,218
1,584
1,757
1,673
Orange, ((i)
1783
.
784
766
764
829
880
1,501
Rowe, (7) -
1785
.
443
575
839
851
716
703
Shelburne. (S) -
1768
.
1,183
1,079
961
1,022
995
1,022
Shutesbury, (9) -
1761
330
674
930
939
1,029
986
987
Sunderland,
1714
-
462
537
551
597
666
719
Warwick, -
1763
191
1,246
1,233
1,227
1,256
1,150
1,071
Wendell, (10) -
Whately,(ll) -
1781
.
519
737
983
958
874
875
1771
-
736
773
891
1,076
1,111
1,072
Total, -
-
3,335
21,743
26,300
27,421
29,418| 29,630i 28,812
BERKSHIRE COUNTY.
Adams, (12)
Gore,
Altbrd, (13)
Becket, (14)
1778
2,040
1,688
1,763
1,836
2,649
.
.
425
.
.
.
1773
.
577
518
522
570
512
1765
751
751
930
1,028
984
1,063
3,703
481
1,342
1. District of Leyden incorporated as the town of Leyden, February 22, 1S09.
2. The gore north of Florida, and bounded west by Clarksburg and north by the Vermont line,
with a part of Rowe, set off, and incorporated as the town of Monroe, Feb. 21, 1S22.
3. See Wendell.
4. Part of Shute.sbury annexed to New Salem, February 20, 1824. See Pnscott and Oratige.
5. See Oill.
C. District of Orange incorporated as a town, February 24, 1810.
Part of F.rving's Grant and of New Salem annexed to Orange, March 16, 1837.
Boundary line of Orange and Erving established, February 27, 1841. See Atlwl.
7. Part of Zoar, in Berkshire County, annexed to Rowe, and part to Charleniont, April 2,
1838. See Munrof.
Gore of land annexed to Shelburne and Charleniont, March 19, 1793.
See iVcir Salem.
8.
9.
10, Part of Montague, and a gore of land, annexed to Wendell, February 28, 1803.
] 1. Part of Deerfield annexed lo Whately, March 5, 1810. See Conirdi/.
12. See CliiaJiire.
13. Part of Great Barrington annexed to Alford, Febi-uary IS, 1819. See Egre-wonl.
H. Several grants of land annexed to Becket, February 3, 1798.
Purl iif I/)iidon annexed to Becket, March 1, 1810.
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
27
BERKSHIRE COUNTY— Con^inwerf.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
TOWNS.
Incor.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Boston Corner, (1)
1838
.
67
.
92
64
65
Cheshire, (2)
1793
.
.
1,325
1,315
1,202
1,050
985
Clarksburg, (3) -
1798
-
-
253
231
274
315
370
Dalton, (4)
1784
.
554
859
779
817
827
1,255
Egremont, (5) -
1760
759
759
835
790
865
890
1,038
Florida, (6)
1805
.
-
.
392
431
454
441
Gt. Barrington, (7)
1761
550
1,373
1,754
1,784
1,908
2,264
2,704
Hancock, (8) -
1776
-
1,211
1,187
1,049
1,165
1,052
922
Hinsdale, (9)
1804
.
.
-
822
822
780
955
Lanesborough, (10)
1765
2,142
2,142
1,443
1,303
1,319
1,192
1,140
Lee, (11) -
1777
-
1,170
1,267
1,305
1.384
1,825
2,428
Lenox, (12)
1767
-
1,169
1,041
1,310
1,315
1,359
1,313
Mt.Washing'n, (13) 1779
.
261
291
474
467
345
438
New Ashford, (14) |1781
.
460
390
411
358
285
227
NewMarlboro',(15) 1759
1,550
1,550
1,848
1,832
1,668
1,656
1,682
Otis, (16) - - ) 11773
-
-
-
1,111
981
1,012
1,177
Bethlehem, (17) - '
.
261
488
.
.
-
-
Loudon, (18) - )
-
344
614
-
-
-
-
1. District of Boston Comer incorporated, April 14, 1838.
2. Cheshire set offfroniLanesboro', Windsor, Adams and New Ashford, and incor. Mar. 14, 179.3.
Part of New Ashford annexed to Cheshire, February 6, 1793. See Windsor,
3. Gore of land lying north of Adams, incorporated as the town of Clarksburg, March 2, 1793,
4. Part of Windsor annexed to Dalton, February 28, 1795.
6. Boundary line of Egremont and Alford established, February 6, 1790.
Part of Sheffield annexed to Egremont, February 22, 1790 and Febniary 16, 1824, and
part of INIount Washington, June 17, 1817. See Mount Washington.
6. Florida setofffromBernardston's Grant and Bullock's Grant, and inc. as a town, June 15, 1805.
7. See Alford.
8. See New Ashford.
9. Westerly Parish in the town of Partridgefield incorp. as the towi of Hinsdale, June 21, 1804.
10. See Cheshire.
11. Boundary line of Lee defined, Blarch 7, 1S06. See Lenox.
12. Part of Washington annexed to Lenox, January 31, 1795 and February IS, 1802.
Boundary line of Lenox and Lee established, February 7, 1820.
13. Part of Egremont annexed to Mount Washington, June 17, 1817. See Egreniont.
14. New Ashford incorporated as a district, February 26, 1781, and made a town, Blay 1, 1836.
Part of Hancock annexed to New Ashford, June 26, 1798. See Clwshire.
15. Part of Sheffield aimexed to New Marlborough, June 10, 1795 and February 7, 1798, and part
of Tyringham, February 27, 1811. See Tyrivgliam.
16. Town of Loudon and the District of Bethlehem united as the towii of Loudon, June 19,
1809, and the name changed to Otis, June 13, 1810.
Part of " East 11,000 acres" of unincorporated land annexed to Otis, and part to Sandis-
field, April 9, 1838. See Bethlehem.
17. " Nonh 11,000 acres" incoi-porated as the District of Betldehem, June 24, 1789. See Otis,
18. See Becket and Otis.
28
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
BERKSHIRE COVNTY—Conllnued.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
TOWNS.
Incor.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Pern, (1) - - )
1771
.
.
.
912
748
729
576
Partrid^efield, (2) j
-
-
1,041
1,361
-
-
-
-
Pittsfield, -
1761
428
1,992
2,261
2,665
2,768
3.559
3,747
Richmond, (3) -
1765
1,255
1,255
1,044
1,041
923
844
1,097
Sandisfield, (4) -
1762
409
1,581
1,6.37
1,648
1,646
1,655
1,464
Southn,Qm acres,
-
-
161
-
-
-
.
-
Sovth field, (5) -
-
-
-
220
147
-
-
-
Savoy, (6) -
1797
-
-
430
711
852
927
915
Sheffield, (7) -
1733
1,073
1,899
2,050
2,439
2,476
2,382
2,322
Stock-bridge, (8) -
1739
244
1,336
1,261
1,372
1,377
1,580
1,992
Tyringham, (9) -
1762
325
1,397
1,712
1,689
1,443
1,350
1,477
Washington, (10)
1777
.
588
914
942
750
701
991
W.Stockb'dge, (11)
1774
-
1,113
1,002
1,049
1,034
1,209
1,448
Windsor, (12) -
1771
-
916
961
1,108
1,085
1,042
897
Williamst'n, (13)
1765
1,820
1,769
2,086
1,843
2,010
2,134
2,153
Gore,
51
-
-
-
-
-
Total, -
11,306 30,213
33,670
35,787
35,570 37,706! 41,745
NORFOLK COUNTY.
Bellingham, (14)
Braintree, (15) -
1719
1640
468
2,433
735
2,771
704
1,285
766
1,351
1,034
1,4661
1,102 1,055
1,758 2,168
1. The name of Parlridffefield changed to that of Peru, June 19, 1S06.
2. Partridgefield incorporated in 1771. See Hinsdale and Peru.
3. Boundary line of Richmond and West Stockbridge established, March 24, 1S34.
4. District of Southlield united with Sandisfield, February 8, 1819. See Otis and Southjkld.
5. " South 11,000 acres" incorporated as the District of Southfield, June 19, 1797.
See Sandisfield.
6. Savoy incorporated as a town, February 20, 1797.
7. See Egremont and Neic Marlborough.
8. Boundary line of Stockbridge and West Stockbridge altered, February 6, 18.30.
9. Part of New Marlborough annexed to Tyringham, Feb. 11, 1812. See Neto Marlborough.
10. See Egremont.
11. Gore of land annexed to West Stockbridge, March 2, 1793.
Part of Stockbridge annexed to West Stockbridge, February 12, 1824.
See Richmond and Stoclcbridge.
12. Pan of Cheshire annexed to Windsor, February 26, 1794. See Cheshire and Dalton.
13. A tract of unincorporated land, bounded west by the state of New York, annexed to Wil-
liam.stown, April 9, 1S3.S.
14. Boundary line of Bellingham, Franklin and Medway established, February 23, 1832.
\Tt. See ftwincy and Randolph.
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
29
NORFOLK COUNTY— Co7iii7iiwd.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
TOWNS.
lacor.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Brookline, (1) -
1686
338
481
605
784
900
1,043
1,365
Canton, (2)
1797
-
-
1,110
1,.353
1,268
1,515
1.995
Cohasset, (3)
1770
-
817
849
994
1,099
1,233
1,471
Dedham, (4)
1636
1,909
1,659
1,973
2,172
2,493
3,117
3,290
Dorchester, (5) -
1630
1,360
1,722
2,347
2,930
3,684
4,074
4,875
Dover, (6) -
1784
-
485
511
548
548
497
520
Foxborough, (7)
1778
-
674
779
870
1,004
1,165
1,298
Franklin, (8) -
1778
-
1,101
1,285
1,398
1,630
1,662
1,717
Medfield, -
1651
628
731
745
786
892
817
883
Medway, (9)
1713
785
1,035
1,050
1,213
1,523
1,756
2,043
Milton,
1662
943
1,039
1,143
1,264
1,502
1,576
1,822
Needham, (10) -
1711
945
1,130
1,072
1,097
1,227
1,418
1,488
Quincy, (11)
1792
-
-
1,081
1,281
1,623
2,201
3,486
Randolph, (12) -
1793
-
-
1,021
1,170
1,546
2,200
3,213
Koxbury,acity,(13)
1630
1,487
2,226
2,765
3,669
4,135
5,247
9,089
Sharon, (14)
1765
-
1,034
1,018
1,000
1,010
1,023
1,076
1. Part of Roxbury annexed to Brookline, February 24, 1844. See Boston.
2. Part of Stoughton set off, and incorporated as the town of Canton, February 23, 1797.
3. Part of Scituate annexed to Cohasset, June 14, 1S23.
Boundary line of Cohasset and Scituate altered, March 20, 1840.
4. Boundary line of Dedham and Dover defined, March 7, 1791.
See Dorchester, Dover and Walpolc.
5. Boundary line of Dorchester and Quincy altered, and a part of each annexed to each, July
10, 1814.
Boundary line of Dorchester and Quincy established, February 21, 1820.
Part of Dedham annexed to Dorchester, June 17, 1831. See Quincy.
6. Dover set off from Dedham, and incorporated as a district, July 7, 1784, and as a town, Mar.
31, 1836.
7. Part of Stoughton and Sharon annexed to Foxborough, March 12, 1796, and part of Wrenth-
am, February 7, 1831. See Sharon, Walpole and Wrentham.
8. Part of Medway annexed to Franklin, June 27, 1792.
Boundary line of Franklin and Medway established, November 13, 1792 and February 23,
1832. See Bellingham.
9. Boundary line of Medway and Sherburne established, March 3, 1792.
See Bellinglutm, Franklin and Holliston.
10. Boundary line of Needham and Natick altered, June 22, 1797. See Nettton.
11. Quincy set off from Braintree, and incorporated as a town, Febniary 23, 1792.
Part of Dorchester annexed to Quincy, February 12, 1819. See Dorchester.
12. Randolph set off from Braintree, and incorporated as a town, March 9, 1793. Additional
act, June 22, 1811.
13. Part of Newton annexed to Roxbury, April 23, 1838.
Town of Roxbury made a city, March 12, 1846. See Boston.
14. Part of Stoughton annexed to Sharon, February 12, 1792.
Boundary line of Sharon and Foxborough established, January 30, 1833.
See Fo.Tf)orough and Walpole.
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
NORFOLK COUNTY— Con^tm^ed
TOWNS.
Incor
Census. Census.
1765 1790
Census.
1800
Census.
1810
Census.
1820
Census.
1830
Census.
1840
Stou^htnn, (1) -
Walpole, (2)
Weymouth,
Wrenlham, (3) -
1726
1724
1635
1673
2,321
785
1,258
2,022
1,994
1,005
1,469
1,767
1,020
989
1,803
2,061
1,134 1,313
1,098 1,366
1,889 2,407
2,478 2,801
1,591
1,442
2,837
2,698
2,142
1,491
3,738
2,915
Total, -
-
17,682: 23,878 27,216 31,245 36,471
41,972
53,140
BRISTOL COUNTY.
Attleborough, (4)
1694
1,739
2,166
2,480
2,716
3,055
3,215
3,585
Berkley, (5)
Dartmouth, (6) -
1735
659
850
1,013
1,014
1,060
907
886
1661
4,506
2,499
• 2,660
3,219
3,636
3,866
4,135
Dightoii, (7)
1712
1,174
1,793
1,666
1,659
653
1,723
1,378
Wellmi!;t07i,
-
-
-
-
954
-
-
Easton,
1725
837
1,466
1,550
1,557
1,803
1,756
2,074
Fairhaven, (8) -
1812
-
-
.
-
2.733
3,034
3,951
Fall River, (9) -
1803
.
-
-
1.296
1,594
4,158
6,738
Freetown, (10) -
1683
1,492
2,202
2,535
1,878
1,863
1,909
1,772
Mansfield, -
1770
-
983
1,016
1,030
1 222
1,172
1,382
Neav Bedford, (11)
1787
-
3.313
4,361
5,651
3,947
7.592
12,087
1. See Canton, Foxborough and Sharon.
2. Part of Sharon annexed to Walpole, February 28, 1804 and June 21, 1811, part of Dedham,
June 21, 1811, and part of Foxborough, March 27, 1833 and March 28, 1834.
3. Boundary hne of Wrentham and Foxborough established, February 3, 1819.
See Attleborough.
4. Boundary line of Attleborough and Wrentham established, Febniary 18, 1819.
5. Part of Dighton annexed to Berkley, February 26, 1799, and part of Taunton, Febniary 6,
1810 and March 3, 1842.
6. Boundary line of Dartmouth and Westport altered, February 20, 1828.
Dividing line of Dartmouth and New Bedford established, February 19, 1831.
See New Bedford and Westport.
7. AVellinglon set off from Dighton, and incorporated as a town, June 9, 1814.
Boundary line of Dighton and Wellington established, Febniary 12, 1824.
Wellington and Dighton united as one town, Febniary 22, 1826 and March 3, 1827.
See Berkley.
8. Fairhaven set off from New Bedford, and incorporated as a town, Febniary 22, 1812, and
part of Freetown annexed, June 15, 1815. See Rochester.
9. Fall River set off from Freetown, and incorporated as a town, Febniary 26, 1803.
Name of Fall River changed to that of Troy, June 18, 1801.
Name of Troy changed m that of Fall River, Febniary 12, 183-1.
10. Sec Fairhiiveii and Fall Hirer.
11. Pari of Dartmouth annexed to New Bedford, March 20, 1845.
See Dartmouth and FaMiarev
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
31
BRISTOL COUNTY— Co}itiimed.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
TOWNS.
[ucor.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Norton,
1711
1,942
1,428
1,481
1,598
1,600
1,479
1,545
Pawtucket, (1) -
1828
-
-
-
-
-
1,459
2,184
Raynham, -
1731
687
1,094
1,181
1,154
1,071
1,208
1,329
Rehoboth, (2) -
Seekonk, (3)
1645
3,690
4,710
4,743
4,866
2,740
2,459
2,169
1812
-
-
-
.
2,775
2,133
1,996
Somerset, (4)
1790
-
1,151
1,232
1,199
1,116
1,023
1,005
Swanzey, (5)
1667
1,840
1,784
1,741
1,839
1,933
1,678
1,484
Taunton, (6)
1639
2,735
3,804
3,860
3,907
4,520
6,042
7,645
Westport, (7) -
1787
-
2,466
2,361
2,585
2,633
2,779
2,820
Total, -
21,301
31,709
33,880
37,168
40,908
49,592
60,165
PLYMOUTH COUNTY.
Abington, -
Brklgewater, (8)
Carver, (9)
Duxbury, (10)
E.Bridgewa'r, (11)1823
Halifax, (12)
Hanson, (13)
Hanover, -
Hingham, -
1712
1,263 1,453
1656
3,942 4.975
1790
847
1637
1,050 1,454
1823
-
1734
556 664
1820
.
1627
1,084 1.084
1635
2,467 2,085
1,623
5,200
863
1,664
642
958'
2,112'
1,704
1,920
2,423
5,157
1,700
1.855
858
839
970
2,201
2,403
2,716
.
1,435
1,653
703
749
708
-
917
1,030
1,171
1,211
1,303
2,382
2,857
3.387
3,214
2,131
995
2,798
1,950
734
1,040
1,488
3,564
Ij Pawtucket set off from Seekonk, and iDcorporated as a town, March 1, 1828.
2. See Seekonk.
3. Seekonk set off from Rehoboth, and incorporated as a town, February 26, IS12.
See Pawtucket.
4. Somerset set ofTfrom the part of Swanzey called Shewamet, and incorporated as a town,
February 20, 1790.
5. See Somerset.
6. See Berkley.
7. Part of Dartmouth annexed to Westport, February 25, 179-3, February 38, 1795 and March
4, 1805. See Dartmouth.
8. Boundary line of Bridgewater and East Bridgewaler established, February 23, 1838 and
March 20, 1846. See E. Bridgeirater, Halifax, N. Bridgejcater and W. Bridgeicater.
9. Carver set off from Plympton, and incorporated as a town, June 9, 1790. See Plympton.
10. Boundary line of Duxbury and Marshfield established, June 14, 1813.
11. East Bridge water set off from Bridgewaier, and incorporated as a town, June 14, 1823.
See Bridgeirater.
12. Part of Bridgewater annexed to Halifax, February 20, 1824, and part of Plympton, March
16, 1831.
13. Hanson set off from Pembroke, and incorporated as a town, Febniary 22, 1820.
32
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
PLYMOUTH COUNTY— Continued.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census.
TOWNS.
Incor.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Hull, - - )
1614
170
120
117
132
172
198
231
Pedrick's Island, - j
-
.
-
-
7
-
-
-
Kingston, -
1726
759
1,004
1.037
1,137
1,313
1.321
1,440
Marshfield, (1) -
1641
1,147
1,269
1,256
1,364
1,532
1,565
1,761
Middleborough, -
1669
3,412
4,526
4,458
4,400
4,687
5,008
5,085
N Bridge water, (2)
1821
-
-
-
-
1,480
1,953
2,616
Pembroke, (3) -
1712
1,409
1,954
1,943
2,051
1,297
1,325
1,258
Plymouth, (4) -
1620
2,177
2,995
3,524
4,228
4,348
4,758
5,281
Plj'mpton, (5) -
1707
1,390
956
861
900
930
920
834
Rochester, (6) -
Scituate, (7)
1686
1,939
2,644
2,546
2,954
3,034
3,556
3,864
1636
2,488
2,856
2,728
2,969
3,305
3,468
3,886
Wareham, (8) -
1739
503
854
770
851
952
1,885
2,002
W.Bridgevvater,(9)
1822
-
-
-
-
1,055
1,042
1,201
Total, -
-
25,756
31,740
32,302
35,169
38,136
43,044
47,373
BARNSTABLE COUNTY.
Barnstable,
Brewster, (10) -
Chatham, -
Dennis, (11)
Eastham, (12) -
Falmouth, (13) -
Harwich, (14) -
1639
2,108
2,610
2,964
3,446
3,824
3,974
1803
.
.
.
1,112
1,285
1,418
1712
678
1,140
1,351
1,334
1,630
2,130
1793
-
-
1,408
1,739
1,997
2,317
1646
1,327
1,834
659
751
766
970
1686
1,063
1,637
1,882
2,237
2,370
2,548
1694
1,681
2,392
2,857
1,942
1,980
2,453
4,301
1,522
2,334
2,942
955
2.589
2,930
1. See Duxbury.
2. North Bridgewater set offfrom Briilsewater, and incorporated as a town, June 15, 1821.
Boundary line of Norili Bridgewaier and West Bridgewater established, January 22, 1825.
3. See Hajison.
4. See Wareham.
5. Boundary line of Plymplon and Carver established, Feb. 8, 1793. See Career and Plymplon.
6. Boundary line of Rochester and Fairhaven established, April 9, 1836.
7. See Cukassel.
8. Part of Plymouth anne.xed to Wareham, January 20, 1827.
9. West Bridgewater set olTfroni Bridgewater, and incorporated as a town, Febniary 10, 1822.
See North Bridgetrater.
10. Brewster set offfrom Harwich, and incorporated as a town, February 19, 1803.
Pan of Harwich anne.xed to Brewster, June 21, ISll.
11. Dennis set offfrom Yarmouth, and incorporated as a town, June 19, 1793.
12. See Orleans.
13. Part of Marshpee annexed to Falmouth, March 17, 1.941. See Marshpee.
14. See Bretvsler.
COUNTIKS AND TOWNS.
33
BARNSTABLE COUNTY— Cow/mwec/.
TOWNS.
Incor.
Census.
1765
Census.
1790
Census.
1800
Census.
1810
Census.
1820
Census.
1830
Census.
1840
Marshpee, (1) -
Orleans, (2)
Provincetown, (3)
Sandwich, (4) -
Truro, (5) -
Wellfleet, (6) -
Yarmouth, (7) -
1763
1797
1727
1639
1709
1763
1639
108
454
1,376
924
917
1,740
308
454
1,991
1,193
1,117
2,678
155
1,095
812
2,024
1,152
1,207
1,727
139 150
1.248 1,343
936 1,252
2,382 2,484
1,209 1,241
1,402 1,472
2,134 2,232
1,789
1,710
3,361
1,547
2,046
2,251
309
1,974
2,122
3.719
1,920
2,377
2,554
Total, -
-
12,376 17,354
19,293
22,211 2,4026
28,514
32,548
DUKES COUNTY.
Chilmark, (8) -
Edgartown, (9)
Tisbury, (10) -
1714
1671
1671
663
944
739
771
1,352
1,142
800
1,226
1,092
723
1,365
1,202
,695
1,374
1,223
691
1,509
1,317
702
1,736
1,520
Total, -
-
2,346
3,265
3,118
3,290
3,292
3,517
3,958
NANTUCKET COUNTY.
Nantucket, (11)
Sherburn,
1687
3,320
4,620
5,617 6,807
7,266
7,202
9,012
1. Plantation of Marshpee, except parts annexed to Falmouth and Sandwich, incorporated as
the District of Marshpee, March 31, 1834. See Sandicich.
2. Orleans set off from Eastham, and incorporated as a town, March 3, 1797.
Part of Eastham annexed to Orleans, March 9, 1S39.
3. Part of Truro annexed to Provincetown, June 12, 1813, March 2, 1829 and March 30, 1S36.
4. Part of Marshpee annexed to Sandwich, February 26, 1811. See Marshpee.
5. Boundary line of Truro and Wellfleet established, February 22, 1837. See Provincetown.
6. See Truro,
7. See Dennis.
8. In 1820, Chilmark included the Elizabeth Islos.
9. Boundary line of Edgartown and Tisbury established, February 5, 1830.
10. In 1810, Tisbury included the Elizabeth Isles. See Edgartoimi.
11. The name of Sherburn changed to that of Nantuclcet, June 8, 1795.
34
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
RECAPITULATION
Of the Pupulation of the Towns, by Counties.
Census.
Census.
Census.
Census. Census.
Census.
Census.
COUNTIES.
Incor.
1765
1790
1800
1810 1820
1830 1840
Suffolk, -
1643
15,982' 18,792
25,786
1 1
34,3811 43,940 62,163 95,773
Essex,
1643
43,524 57,913
61.196
71,888 74,655 82,859 94,987
Middlesex, -
1643
34,940 42,737
46,928
52,789 61,472; 77.961 106611
Worcester, -
1731
34.167 56,807
61,192
64,910 73,625 84,355 95,313
Hampshire,
1662
6,429 18,823
22,885
24,553 26,487
30,254 30 897
Hampden, -
1812
9,021 19,193
23,462
24,421 28,021
31,639, 37,366
Franklin, -
1811
5,999 21,743
26,300
27,421j 29,418
29,630, 28,812
Berkshire, -
1761
11,306 30,213
33,670
35,787 35,570137,706; 41,745
Norfolk,
1793
17,682, 23,878
27,216
31,245 36,471141,972 53,140
Bristol,
1685
21,30l! 31,709
33.880
37,168 40,908j 49,592 60,165
Plymouth, -
1685
25,756 31,740
32,302
35,169 38,136! 43,044; 47,373
Barnstable,
1685
12,376: 17,354
19,293
22,2ir 24,026; 28,514 32,548
Dukes,
1695
2,346 3,265
3,118
3,290 3,292
3,517; 3,958
Nantucket,
1695
3,320 4,620
5,617
6,807 7,266
7,202 9,012
Total, -
- [244149 378787
422845
472040 523287!610408 737700
COUNTIES AND TOWNS. 35
It may be proper here to remark, in addition to what
has been said in relation to the towns in SalFolk county,
that the islands enumerated with Chelsea in the census of
1800, were, at the dates of the other United States censuses,
included among the islands in the harbor, or as belonging to
Boston, and that in 1820, there should have been placed,
in the table, against Islands in the Harbor^ 731, including
670 belonging to the islands, and 01 to the United States
ship Independence. In the censuses of 1830 and 1840,
Boston and Chelsea only are specified as constituting the
county of Sutfolk.
Also, in the note on West Newbury, it should have been
added that the west parish of Newbviry was set off, and
incorporated as the town of Parsons, February 18, 1819,
and the name changed to that of West Newbury, June 14,
1820. Taunton, in the table on the 31st page, should have
been printed in small capitals, to denote its being a shire
town.
In the population of Franklin county for 1765, there
should have been added in the table, against Ashfield,
1,459; against Charlemont, 743, and against Sunderland,
462 : and the total should have been 5,999, instead of 3,335.
The 16 towns, against which the number of the inhabi-
tants in the United States census of 1790, is substituted for
that in 1765 not returned, are mentioned in a note on the
fourth page of this essay.
By the provisions of the Revised Statutes, (pp. 177 and
800,) passed November 4, 1835, the districts of Boxbo-
rough, Holland and New Ashford, were made towns. May
1, 1836.
36
POPULATION OF ftlASSACHUSETTS.
TABLE IV. — Exhibiting the Licrease of the Population of Massachusetts, from
1765 to 1790, a7id during each Decennial Period, from 1790 to 1840, by Coun-
Increase in 25
Increase in 10
Increase in 10
Census.
years.
Census.
years.
Census.
years.
COUNTIES.
1765
1790
1800
Amount. Per ct.
Amount.
Per ci.
Amount.
Per ct.
Suffolk,
15,982
2,810
17-58
18,792
6,994
37-21
25,786
8,595
33 33
Essex,
43,524
14,389
33-05
57,913
3,283
5-66
61,196
10,692
17-47
Middlesex,
34,940
7,797
22-31
42,737
4,191
9-80
46,928
5.861
12-48
Worcester,
34,167
22,640, 66-26
56,807
4,385
7-72
61,192
3,718
607
Hampshire,
6,429
12,394 192-78
18,823
4,062
21-58
22,885
1,668
7-28
Hampden,
9,021
10,172 112-75
19,193
4.269
22-24
23.462
959
408
Franklin,
5,999
15,744 262-44
21,743
4,557
20-95
26,300
1,121
4-26
Berkshire,
11,306
18,907 167-22
30,213
3,457
11-44
33,670
2,117
6-28
Norfolk,
17,682
6,196 35-04
23,878
3,338
13-97
27,216
4,029
14-80
Bristol,
21,301
10,408 48-39
31,709
2,171
6-84
33,880
3,288
9-70
Plymouth,
25,756
5,984 23-23
31,740
562
1-77
32,302
2,867
9-18
Barnstable,
12,376
4,978 40 22
17,354
1,939
11-17
19,293
2,918
15-12
Dukes,
2,346
919 39-17
3,265
decl47
—4-19
3,118
172
5-51
Nantucket,
3,320
1,300| 39-15
4,620
997
21-58
5,617
1,190
21-18
Total,
244149
134638 55-14
1
378787
44,058
11-63
422845
49,195
11.63
TABLE V. — Exhibiting the Increase of the Population of the several Counties
Increase in 20 years.
820 to
Increase
From 1790 to
From 1800 to
From 1810 to | From 1
From 1790 to
COUNT'S.
ISIO.
1820.
1830. 1 1940.
lS-20.
Amount. Pr. ct.
Amount.
Pr.ct.
Amount.
Pr.ct. !Amount.i
1
Pr. ct.
1
Amount.
Pr. ct.
Suffolk,
15,589 88-86
18,154 70-40
27,782'80-80' 51.833
117-96
25,148
133-88
Essex,
13,975 24-13
13,459 21-99
10,971115-26 20,332
27-23
16,742
28 90
Middlex,
10,052 23-52
14,5)4 30-99
25,172147-68,45,139,
73-43
18,735
43-83
Worces.,
8,103 14-2()
12,433 20-31
19,445
28 41121,688,
29-45
16.818
29-60
Hampsh.
5,730 30-44
3,602 15 74
5,701
23-21
4,410
16 64
7,664|
40-71
Hamp'n,
5,228 27-23
4,559 19-43
7.218
29-55
9,345,
33-34
8,828}
45-99
Franklin,
5,678 26-11
3,118 11-85
2,209
8-05
dec606
—2-05
7,()75i
35-29
Berksh'e,
5. 574118-44
1,900 5-64
1,919
5-36
6,175
17-36
5,357
17-73
Norfolk,
7,367
30-85
9.255 3400
10,727
34-33
16,669
45-70
12,593
52-73
Bristol,
5,459
17-21
7,028 20-74
12,424
33-42
19,257
47-07
9,199
29-01
Plymo'h,
3,429
10-80
5,834 18-06
7.875
22-39
9,237
2422
6,396
20-15
Barnsta.
4,857
27-98
4,733|24-53
6,303
28-37
8,522
35-4t)
6,672
38 44
Dukes,
25
-76
174 5-58
227
6-89
666
20 23
27
•82
Nantuck.
2,187
15-17
1,649:29-35
395
5-80
1,746
24-02
2,646
57-27
Total,
93,253
24 62
100442,23-73
138368
29-31
214413
40-97
144570
38-14
, together with the Proportion which the Fuj'ulation of each County had to the whole Popu-
ntion of the State in 1765, 1790 and 1810.
INCREASE IN THE COUNTlEsi.
37
10
Increase in 10
years.
Amount,
Per ct.
Census.
1820
Increase in 10
years.
Amount. Per ct
381
9,559
888
2,767
789
8,683
910
8,715
553
1,934
421
3,600
421
1,997
787
dec217
245
5,226
168
3,740
169
2,967
211
1,815
290
2
807
459
040
51,247
27-80
3-84
16-44
13-42
7-87
14-74
7-28
—-60
16-72
10-06
8-43
8-17
•00
6-74
43,940
74,655
61,472
73,625
26,487
28,021
29,418
35,570
36,471
40,908
.38,136
24,026
3,292
7,266
18,223
8,204
16,489
10,730
3,767
3,618
212
2,136
5,501
8,684
4,908
4,488
225
dec 64
10-85 523287 87,121
41-17
10-98
26-80
14-57
14 29
12 91
-72
6-31
15-08
21-22
12-86
18-67
6-83
16-64
Census.
1830
62,163
82,^59
77,961
84,355
30,254
31.639
29,630
37,706
41,972
49,592
43,044
28,514
3,517
7,202
610408
Increase in 10
years.
Amount. Per cl.
Census.
1840
33,610
12,128
28,650
10,958
643
5,727
decSlS
4,039
11,168
10,573
4,329
4,034
441
1,810
127292
54-06
14-63
36-74
12-99
2-12
18-10
-2-76
10-71
26-60
21-31
1005
14-14
12 53
25 13
95,773
94.987
106611
9-5,313
30,897
37,366
28,812
41,745
53,140
60,165
47,373
32,548
3,958
9,012
20-85 737700
Proportion to the
■whole Population.
1765
6-55
17-83
14-32
13-99
2-63
3-69
2-46
4-63
7-24
8-72
10-55
507
-96
1-36
100-
1790 1800
4-96
15-29!
11-28'
15-00
4 97
5-07
5-74
7-98
6-30
8-37
8-38
4-58
•86
1-22
100-
12-98
12-89
14-44
12-92
4-19
5-06
3-91
5-66
7^20
8-16
6-42
4-41
•54
1-22
100^
during different periods, from 1765 to 1840.
in 30 yeai"»»
I Increase in 40 years, fine* in 50 ys^
om l-*00 to
1830.
Pr. ct.
From 1810 to
IftlO.
Amount.' Pr. ct.
J^'rom 1790 10
1830.
Amount
Pr. ct.
From 1600 to
1840.
From 1790 to
1840.
Amount. Pr. ct. {Amount.' Pr. ct.
Inc« in 75 y8«
From 176.3 to
1-^40.
Amount. Pr. ct.
141-07
35-39
66-12
37 85
32-20
34 85
12-54
11-98
54-18
46-37
33-25
47-79
12-79
2821
61.392
23,099
53,822!
30,403i
6,3441
12.945
1,391!
5,958'
21.895,
22.9971
12,204
10,337i
668|
2,205:
178-56:
32-13
101-95'
46-83'
25-83
53 00
5.07j
16-64
70-07
61-87
34-701
46-53;
20-30;
32-39!
43,371
2494G
35,224
27,548
11,431
12,446
7,887
7,493
18,094
17,883
11,304
11,160
252
2,-582
230-79
43-07
82-42
48-49
60-72
64 84
36-27
24-80
75^77
56-39
35-61
64-30
7-71
55 88
69,987
33,791'
59,683
34,121'
8,012
13,904
2,512
8,075
25,9241
26;285l
15',07li
13,255,
840
3,395
271-41
55-21'
127-15,
55-76;
35-00'
54-99)
955'
23-98
9525
77-58
46-65
68-70,
26-94
60-44
76,981
37,074
63,874
38,506
12,074
18,173
7,069
11,532
29,262
28^456
15,633
15,194
693
4,392
409-64
64 01
149-45
67-78
64-12
94-68
32-51
38-16
122-54
89 74
49-25
87 55
21-22
95-06
79,791
51,463
71,671
61,146
24,468
28,345
22,813
30,439
35,458
38,864
21,617
20,172
1,612
5.692
498-62
118-24
205-12
178-96
380-58
314-21
380-28
269-22
200-53
182-45
83-92
16299
68-70
171-44
)63) 44-35j265660i 56-27'23162l| 61-14 314855| 74-46|358913i 94-75 493551! 202-15
38 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
The increase of tlie population of Massachusetts, during
the twenty-five years from 1765 to 1790, was 134,638, or
5514: per cent., while in the period of double the length,
from 1790 to 1840, it was 358,913, or 94-75 per cent. In
the first period it was greater than it has been in any pe-
riod of thirty years since, with the exception of that from
1810 to 1840, in which it was only about Iper cent, greater.
In the forty years from 1790 to 1830, it was only 61-14
per cent., or 6 per cent, greater than in the twenty-five
years before.
The increase of the population during these two periods,
was very differently distributed in the several counties, as
we shall see by comparing them together. During the first
period the increase of Suffolk county, constituted chiefly
by Boston, whose population had mostly left during the
war, and which place had hardly recovered itself in 1790,
was only 17*58 per cent., while during the last period it
was 409-64 per cent., which is over twenty-three times as
great. In the four western counties of Hampshire, Hamp-
den, Franklin and Berkshire, which, in 1765, were almost
a wilderness, and were settled in the first period, the aggre-
gate increase was 57,217, or 174-68 />e/- cent., while during
the last fifty years it was 48,848, or 53-88 per cent., which
is less than a third of the proportion, though the period
was double. In Worcester, the increase was about the
same proportion in each period. The increase in Essex,
Bristol, Plymouth, Barnstable and Nantucket, was in the
proportion of about one half; in Dukes, about double; in
Middlesex, about one seventh ; and in Norfolk, about one
fourth, in the first, of what it was in the last period.
In the first period, the proportional increase was the
smallest in Suffolk, and the largest in Franklin ; and
almost the reverse was the case in the last period, the in-
crease being the greatest in Suffolk, and the least in Frank-
lin, with the exception of Dukes.
INCREASE IN THE COUNTIES. 39
As we compare the population of the several counties,
we find that the proportion of increase has been various in
each of these two periods, and also ui each of the decen-
nial periods. We find also marked differences in the pro-
portion of the population of each county to the whole pop-
ulation of the state, at the three epochs of 1765, 1790 and
1840.
We observe that the proportional increase in the several
comities has been very various in the decennial periods,
and in the longer periods ; and, in general, that the in-
crease has been greater in latter part of the fifty years
than in the earlier. During some of these periods, there
has been a loss or decrease in Franklin, Berkshire, Dukes
and Nantucket. There has evidently been a greater in-
crease in and near the capital of the state, particularly
during the fifty years from 1790.
It will be perceived that the increase of the population
of Massachusetts has been only 94-75 jier cent, during the
fifty years from 1790 to 1S40. This is to be expected,
considering that in 1790, nearly the whole soil of Massa-
chusetts was occupied, and other and more fertile fields
attracted emigrants to other parts of the country. The
population of the United States, according to the census of
1790, was 3,929,897, and according to the census of 1840,
17,069,454, showing an increase in fifty years of 13,139,557,
or 334-34 per cent.., which is more than three and a half
times what it was in Massachusetts during the fifty years.
40
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
The following table shows the number of the incorpora-
ted towns and districts in Massachusetts, at the close of the
year 1765, in which the colonial census, ordered by the
General Court in 1764, was completed, and at the times of
taking the six United States censuses, together with their
increase during the intervals, by counties as constituted in
1840. Since 1S40, four towns have been incorporated,
namely : Somerville in 1842, Blackstone in 1845, and
North Chelsea and Ashland in 1846.
TABLE VI. — Exhibiting the Number of Incorporated Torvns and Districts in
Massachusetts, at the dates of the Coisuses.
COUxNTIES.
i'-o
6
1
6
h
6""'
c
h
6
±
Hoc.
6
^;
2
a
S.
o
c
£cc
6
2
o
c
6
Z
Suffolk,
2
.
2
.
2
.
2
2
Essex,
21
1
22
1
23
.
23
3
26
.
26
2
28
Middlesex, -
*36
5
41
1
42
2
44
1
45
1
46
-
46
Worcester,
SQ'IO
49
.
49
2
51
3
54
-
54
1
55
Hampshire, -
1110
21
-
21
-
21
1
22
1
23
-
23
Hampden,
10 6
16
1
17
1
18
-
18
.
18
.
18
Franklin,
12,10
22
2
24
-
24
-
24
1
25
1
26
Berkshire,
12 14
26
4
30
1
131
-1
±30
.
30
1
31
Norfolk,
15
4
19
3
22
.
22
-
22
.
22
.
22
Bristol, -
11
4
15
-
15
1
16
3
19
-
II 19
-
19
Plymouth, -
Barnstable,
16
11
1
17
11
2
17
13
1
17
14
4
21
14
-
21
14
-
21
14
Dukes,
3
-
3
-
3
.
3
.
3
-
3
.
3
Nantucket,
1
-
1
-
1
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
Total, -
200!65
265
14
279
8
287
14
301
3
304
5
309
* Carlisle was iucorporated as a district, April 19, 1754, and reunited to Concord, January
11, 1757, from which time it had no separate corporate powers till April 28, 1780, when it was
incorporated as the district of Acton.
t The town of Loudon was incorporated in 1773, and the district of Bethlehem in 1789, and
the two were united as the town of Loudon, June 19, 1809, and the name changed to that of
Otis, June 13, 1810. In 1790 and 1800 they were two incorporations, and are enumerated as
such in the table ; afterwarils, by the union of these towns, the number of towns in Berkshire
county was diminished one, and increased two in 1818, by the incorporation of Florida and
Hinsdale.
5 Southfield was incorporated as a district, June 19, 1797, and continued such in 1800 and
1810, and until united to Sandisfield, February 8, 1819. By this union the number of towns
was diminished one, as appears in the table.
II Wellington was set off from Dighton, and incorporated as a town, in 1814, and continued
separate till its re union to Dighton, 1826. It is counted in the table in 1820, and in 1830 and
1840 the town of Pawturkel, incorporated in 1828, supplies it.? place in the nuuil>er of towns in
Bristol roimty.
AGRICULTURE AND MANUFACTURES. 41
Of the 65 towns and districts incorporated from 1765 to
1790, 1] were incorporated from 1776 to 1770 ; 13 from
1771 to 1775; 15 from 1776 to 17S0 ; 20 from 1781 to
1785 ; and 6 from 1786 to August 1, 1790, the time of tak-
ing the first United States census. In the following period
of double the length, to 1840, the number was only 44 ;
and these last were almost wholly formed by the division
of towns previously incorporated.
From the first occupation of the soil of Massachusetts,
by our fathers, to the time of the Revolutionary War, the
people were mostly employed in the pursuits of agricul-
ture, in extending their settlements over the unoccupied
land within the borders of the state, and in protecting
themselves against the savage tribes. As early as 1765, a.
very large portion of the territory had been incorporated
into towns and districts. If we can judge from the num-
ber of towns incorporated, the western part of the state
seems to have been as rapidly settled by emigrants during
the war as during an equal period preceding or following
it, so that in 1790, most of the whole territory of the state
was formed into incorporated towns.
Notwithstanding the evils of the war, the population
spread over the unoccupied territory in the western part of
the state, and actually increased faster during the twenty-
five years before 1790, than it has in an equal period since.
This fact may surprise those whose attention has not been
directed to the subject ; but it is easily accounted for, when
we consider that there was a large amount of unoccupied
land, especially in the western part of the state, upon
which the increase of the population settled, and over
which they spread as agriculturists.
The fifty years since 1790, seem to be naturally divided
into two periods of about equal length ; the first extending
from 1790 to about 1820, and the second from 1820 to
1840. During the first, the soil being nearly all occupied
6
42 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
lor the purposes of agriculture, the surpkis population em-
igrated out of the state, and settled in other states. Dur-
ing this period, the increase was small, and the number of
towns incorporated was comparatively small also. During
the second period from 1820 to 1840, though the number of
new towns was even less increased, the number of inhabit-
ants was increased in a much larger proportion, than in the
first. The surplus population, instead of emigrating, were
more retained at home by the encouragements held out by
the increase of the manufacturing enterprise of the commu-
nity. The first period was distinguished by greater emigra-
tion to other states, and by the pursuit of agriculture as
the principal employment, and the second by the increase
of manufactures.
By comparing the census of 1820 with that of 1840, we
find that the increase of those engaged in agriculture was
24,377, or 4-65 7?er cent, of the population only, while that
of the population was 214,413, or 40-97 ;oer cent., which is
nearly ten times as great. We find the increase of those
engaged in manufactures to have been 51,712, or 9-88 ^je;-
cent, of the population, which is more than twice as great.
The increase of the agricultural class, in the twenty years,
was 38-41 7^67- cent., while that of the manufacturing was
154-50 per cent., or over four times as great.
The increase of the agricultural population seems to
have been chiefly in the vicinity of a small number of
thriving commercial or manufacturing towns, as Boston,
Lowell, &c., whose increase in population has been re-
markably rapid during these twenty years.
A comparative view of the population, as exhibited in
the next table, shows most conclusively that the increase
during the twenty years when it has been much the largest
of any since 1790, has been wholly owing to the increase
of manufactures during the same time. In this table are
moitioned 88 of the principal manufacturing and commer-
AGRICULTURE AND MANUFACTURES. 43
cial towns in the Commonwealth, and their aggregate in-
crease was nearly equal to that of the whole state. The pro-
portion of their increase was 79*62 per cent., while that of the
whole state was only 4U-97 per cent., or a little more than
one half On the other hand, the 213 agricultural towns,
containing some towns in which manufacturing has been
introduced to a considerable extent, increased only 8*50 per
cent., not more than about a fifth part of the average of the
whole state. This table contains some commercial towns,
and it is presumed that the increase of the commerce has
been mainly dependent upon the manufactures ; and be-
sides, a portion of the increase in many of the agricultural
towns has been mainly owing to the manufactures.
In the manufacturing and commercial towns are com-
prised 23 towns whose centres are not more than ten miles
from the centre of Boston. These towns are placed in this
class under the idea that Boston, as the great centre for the
transaction of the business of the manufactures of the
Commonwealth, would exert an important influence on the
population to that extent. In fact, this influence is felt in
every town and village.
We may infer from this table, that the whole increase
during the 20 years, has been owing to manufactures, while
that of the agricultural population, independent of the aids
of manufacturing, has been little or nothing. It may be
doubted whether there was any more of agriculture prop-
erly so called, in Massachusetts, in 1840, than in 1820, or
even much more than in 1790. There has been some in-
crease of a few articles raised, such as potatoes, apples for
eating, garden vegetables, and fruits ; and this has arisen
from a change in the mode of life, and the more dense state
of the population in the villages. But generally, of the
more substantial articles raised by farmers 25 or 30 years
ago, it is doubtful whether there has been any increase.
The quantity of hay, of grains, of wool, of beef and of pork,
44
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
has probably decreased. We have no means of determin-
ing the exact amount in either of those years, since 1820.
It will be perceived that, of the increase of the manufac-
turing population in the Recapitulation, that in Middlesex
county was the greatest, while in Franklin, in which there
was a decrease of the population, there were no towns in
which manufacturing was carried on to any great extent.
Of the towns, individually, Chelmsford and Lowell take
the lead of all the rest in the proportion of the increase ;
next Fall River, Chelsea, New Bedford, Springfield, Cam-
bridge, Worcester, Millbury, <fcc. The increase in the ag-
ricultural towns was very small, and in three counties
there was a decrease.
It may be added, that the increase of the population of
Massachusetts, during the 30 years, from 1790 to 1820, was
144,570, or 38-14 -per cent., and, aided by manufactures,
during the twenty years from 1820 to 1840, it was 214,413,
or 40*97 per cent, of the population in 1820, and 56-60 per
cent, of the population of 1790.
TABLE VII. — Exhibiting the Increase of the Population of Manufacturing
and Commercial Torons in Massachusetts, from 1820 to 1840.
SUFFOLK COUNTY.
TOWNS.
Census.
1820
Increase in 20 years.
Census.
Amount.
Per cent.
1840
Boston, - - . -
Chelsea, - - - -
43,298
642
50,085
1,748
115-67
272-33
93,383
2,390
Total,
43,940
51,833 1 117-96
95,773
ESSEX COUNTY.
Andover,
Danvers, -
Georgetown,
Rowley,
Gloucester,
Rockport,
Haverhill,
3,889
3,646
1,318
1,374
38-89
37-68
1,825
6,384
918
2,616
50-30
40-97
3,070
1,266
41-23
5,207
5,020
1,540
1,203
6,350
2,650
4,336
MANUFACTURING AND AGRICULTURAL TOWNS.
45
ESSEX CO\]T^TY—Co7itinued.
TOWNS.
Census.
1820
Increase in 20 years.
Census.
Amount.
Per cent.
1840
Lynn, ....
Methuen,
Salem, . - - .
Salisbury, ...
Saugus, - - . -
4,515
1,371
12,731
2,006
748
4,852
880
2,351
733
350
107-46
64-18
18-46
36-54
46-77
9,367
2,251
15,082
2,73'J
1,098
10 Towns,
16 other Towns,
40,185
34,470
l(i,658
3,674
41-45
10-65
56,843
38,144
Total,
74,655
20,332
27-23
94,987
MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
Brighton,
702
723
102 99
1,425
Cambridge,
3,295
5,114
155-20
8,409
Charlestown, -
6,591
4,893
75-77
11,484
Chelmsford, )
Lowell, 1
1,535
20,958
1365-34
1,697
20,796
Dracut, . - . -
1,407
781
55-50
2,188
Framingham, - - -
2,037
993
48-74
3,030
Lexington, ...
1,200
442
36-83
1,642
Maiden, - . - -
1,731
783
45-23
2,514
Medford, -
1,474
1,004
68-12
2,478
Newton, - - - -
1,850
1,501
81-13
3,351
Reading,
2,797
913
32-64
2,193
South Reading,
-
1,517
Waltham,
1,677
827
49-31
2,504
Watertown,
1,518
292
19-23
1,810
West Cambridge,
1,064
299
28-10
1,363
Woburn, - - - -
1,519
1,474
97-03
2,993
15 Towns,
30,397
40,997
134-87
71,394
30 other Towns,
31,075
4,142
13-32
35,217
Total,
61,472
45,139
73-43
106,611
WORCESTER COUNTY.
Fitchburg, - . .
1,736
868
5000
2,604
Grafton, - . - -
1,154
1,789
155-02
2,943
Mendon, - - . -
2,254
1,270
56-34
3,524
Milford, - - - .
1,160
613
52-84
1,773
Millbury,
926
1,245
134-44
2,171
Northbridge, -
905
544
60-11
1,449
North Brookfield, -
1,095
390
35-61
1,485
46
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
WORCESTER CO\J'S<!TY— Continued.
Census.
1820
Increase in 20 years.
Census.
Amount.
Per cent.
1840
Oxford, I - - -
Webster, j - - -
Southbridge, -
Sturbridge,
Winchendon, -
Worcester,
1,562
1,066
1,633
1,263
2,962
1,583
965
372
491
4,535
101-33
90-52
22-78
38-87
153-10
1,742
1,403
2,031
2,005
1,754
7,497
12 Towns,
42 other Towns,
17,716
55,909
14,665
7,023
82-77
12-56
32,381
62,932
Total,
73,625
21,688
29-45
95,313
HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
Amherst, ...
1,917
633
33-02
2,550
Middlefield, -
755
962
127-41
1,717
Northampton, -
2,854
896
31-39
3,750
Pelham,
Prescott,
1,278
458
35-83
956
780
South Hadley, -
1,047
411
39-25
1,458
Ware, - . - .
1,154
736
t)3-77
1,890
Williamsburg,
1,087
222
20-42
1,309
7 Towns,
10,092
4,318
42-78
14,410
15 other Towns,
16,395
92
•56
16,487
Total,
26,487
4,410
16-64
30,897
HAMPDEN COUNTY.
Palmer, ....
Russell, ....
Springfield, ...
Westfield,
West Springfield,
1,197
491
3.914
2,668
3,246
942
464
7,071
858
380
78-69
94-50
180-65
32-15
11-70
2.139
955
10,985
3,526
3,626
5 Towns,
13 other Towns,
11,516
16,505
9,715
—370
84-36
—2-24
21,231
16,135
Total,
28,021
9,345
33-34
37,366
BERKSHIRE COUNTY.
Adams,
Dalton,
1,836
817
1,867
438
101-68
53-81
3,703
1,255
MANUFACTURING AND AGRICULTURAL TOWNS.
47
BERKSHIRE COV^TY—Coiitimed.
Census.
1820
Increase in 20 years.
Census.
Amount.
Per cent.
1840
Great Barrington, -
Lee, - - . .
Pittsfield,
Stockbridge, -
1,908
1,384
2,768
1,377
796
1,044
979
615
41-71
75-43
35-36
44-66
2,704
2,428
3,747
1,992
6 Towns,
24 other Towns,
10,090
25,480
5,739
436
56-87
205
15,829
25,916
Total,
35,570
6,175
17-36
41,745
NORFOLK COUNTY.
Brookline,
900
465
51-66
1,365
Canton, - - - -
1,268
727
57-33
1,995
Dedham, - . - .
2,493
797
31-96
3,290
Dorchester,
3,684
1,191
32-32
4,875
Medway,
1,523
520
34-14
2,043
Milton, - . - -
1,502
320
21-30
1,822
Quincy, - - . -
1,623
1,863
114-78
3,486
Randolph,
1,546
1,667
107-82
3,213
Roxbury,
4,135
4,954
119-80
9,089
Stoughton,
1,313
829
63-13
2,142
Weymouth,
2,407
1,331
55-29
3,738
11 Towns,
22,394
14,664
65-48
37,058
11 other Towns,
14,077
2,005
14-24
16,082
Total,
36,471
16,669
45-70
53,140
BRISTOL COUNTY.
Attleborough, -
3,055
530
17-34
3,585
Dartmouth,
3,636
499
13-72
4,135
Fairhaven,
2,733
1,218
44-58
3,951
Fall River,
1,594
5,144
328-98
6,738
New Bedford, -
3,947
8,140
206-20
12,087
Seekonk, ) -
Pawtucket,
2,775
1,405
50-63
1,996
2,184
Taunton,
4,520
3,125
69-13
7,645
7 Towns,
22,260
20,061
90-12
42,321
12 other Towns,
18,648
—804
-4-31
17,844
Total,
40,908
19,257
47-07
60,165
48
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
PLYMOUTH COUNTY.
Census.
1820
Increase in 20 years.
Census.
TOWNS.
Amount.
Per cent.
1840
Abington,
Bridgewater, -
Hingham,
North Bridgewater, -
Plymouth,
Hull, - . - -
1,920
1,700
2,857
1,480
4,348
172
1,294
431
707
1,136
933
59
67-39
25-35
24-74
76-75
21-45
3,214
2,131
3,564
2,616
5,281
231
6 Towns,
15 other Towns,
12,477
25,659
4,560
4,677
36-54
18-73
17,037
30,336
Total,
38,136
9,237
24 22
47,373
BARNSTABLE COUNTY.
DUKES COUNTY.
Dennis, - - - -
Harwich,
Provincetown, -
Sandwich,
Wellfleet,
1,997
1,980
1,252
2,484
1.472
945
950
870
1,235
905
47-32
47-97
69-48
49-71
61-48
2,942
2,930
2,122
3,719
2,377
5 Towns,
9 other Towns,
9,185
14,841
4,905
3,617
53 40
24-37
14.090
18,458
Total,
24,026
8,522
35-46
32,548
Edgartown,
2 other Towns,
1,374
1,918
362
304
26-34
15-84
1,736
2 222
Total,
3,292
666
20-23
3,958
MANUFACTURING AND AGRICULTURAL TOWNS.
49
RECAPITULATION of Manujacluring and Commercial Towns, by Counties.
Census.
Increase i
1 20 years.
Census.
COUNTIES.
rp
1820
Amount.
Per cent.
1840
Suffolk,
2
43,940
51,833
117-96
95,773
Essex,
10
40,185
16,658
41-45
56,843
Middlesex, -
15
30,397
40,997
134-87
71,394
Worcester, -
12
17,716
14,665
82-77
32,381
Hampshire, -
7
10,092
4,318
42-78
14,410
Hampden, -
5
11,516
9,715
84-36
21,231
Franklin,
-
-
.
-
-
Berkshire, -
6
10,090
5,739
56-87
15,829
Norfolk,
11
22,394
14,664
65-48
37,058
Bristol,
7
22,260
20,061
90-12
42,321
Plymouth, -
6
12,477
4,560
36-54
17,037
Barnstable, -
5
9,185
4,905
53-40
14,090
Dukes,
1
1,374
362
26-34
1,736
Nantucket, -
1
7,266
1,746
24-02
9,012
Total, -
88
238,892
190,223
79-62
429,115
RECAPITULATION of Agricultural Towns, by Counties.
COUNTIES.
Towns.
Census.
1820
Increase in 20 years.
Per cent.
Census.
1840
Suffolk,
Essex, -
Middlesex, -
Worcester, -
Hampshire, -
Hampden, -
Franklin,
Berkshire, -
Norfolk,
Bristol,
Pl}Tnouth, -
Barnstable, -
Dukes,
Nantucket, -
Agricultural,
Manufacturing,
Total,
16
30
42
15
13
24
24
11
12
15
9
2
213
301
34,470
31,075
55,909
16,395
16,505
29,418
25,480
14,077
18,648
25,659
14,841
1,918
284,395
238,892
523,287
3,674
4,142
7,023
92
dec 370
dec 606
436
2,005
dec 804
4,677
3,617
304
10-65
13-32
12-56
-56
—2-24
—2-05
1-71
14-24
—4-31
18-23
24-37
15-84
25,970
decl,780
11-57
-2-96
24,190
190,223
214,413
8-50
79-62
40-97
38,144
35,217
62,932
16,487
16,135
28,812
25,916
16,082
17,844
30,336
18,458
2,222
14,885
308,585
429,115
737,700
50 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
Even during the ten years from 1830 to 1840, 89 towns,
mostly agricultural, and only in a few instances affected
by the division of towns or by an alteration of the divid-
ing lines, decreased in population. Of these 89 towns, 2
were in Essex, 9 in Middlesex, 18 in Worcester, 13 in
Hampshire, 9 in Hampden, 1.5 in Franklin, 12 in Berk-
shire, 1 in Norfolk, 7 in Bristol, 2 in Plymouth, and 1 in
Barnstable. In Franklin county, in which there was an
aggregate loss of 818, 15 towns out of 26, decreased, and
only 11 increased. Of these 11, Orange gained by the an-
nexation of part of New Salem, while there was a gain of
only 37 in the aggregate of the two towns ; two gained
only 1 each ; one, 17 ; one, 27 ; one, 45 ; one, 53 ; and the
four others, 74, 94, 103 and 216 respectively. The gain in
these 11 towns was 1,252, to which add 818, the loss in
the county, and we have 2,070, the loss in the 15 towns in
Franklin. The increase in Worcester county was only
10,958, while that of the 12 manufacturing towns, in Ta-
ble Vn. was 9,104, and that of the town of Worcester was
3,324, almost one third of the whole increase. In Hamp-
shire the increase was only 643, there being a loss in 13
out of 23 towns, of 1,153, to Avhich add 643, and we have
1,796 as the gain in the 10 remaining towns, of which
Middlefield and South Hadley had 1,270. In Hampden
the increase was 5,727, but the gain in the three manufac-
turing towns of Springfield, Palmer and Westfield,was 5,689.
Nine out of the IS towns decreased. In Berkshire there
was an increase of 4.039, there being a loss in 12 out of
28 towns. In Norfolk, the increase was 11,168, but that
in Brookline, Dorchester and Roxbury, contiguous to Bos-
ton, was 4,965, to which add 3,215 for Medway, Milton,
Randolph, Stoughton, Weymouth and Wrentham, towns
considerably engaged in manufacturing, and we have, for
the increase of the 9 out of the 22 towns, 8,180, which is
nearly three-fourths of the increase of the whole county.
MANUFACTURING AND AQRICULTUKAL TOWNS. 51
in Bristol the increase was 10,573, while that of New Bed-
ford alone was 4,495. The aggregate increase of Fairha-
ven, Fall River, New Bedford and Taunton, towns depen-
dent on manufactures and commerce, was 9,595, which is
nearly as great as that of the whole county. In Plymouth
county the increase was 4,329, most of which was in man-
ufacturing towns. The increase of Barnstable county was
4,034, and was very generally distributed through the sev-
eral towns.
Six of these 89 towns, 7iamehj : Gloucester, Rowley,
Tewksbury, Dudley, Oxford and New Salem, obviously
decreased, in consequence of setting oft' part of their territory
to other towns ; and of the remaining S3, it can hardly be
said that they were affected in this way. Besides these
89 towns, there were 215 towns in 1830, and 220 in 1840,
which increased. But the increase of Weston, Princeton,
Shutesbury, Wendell and Boston Corner, was only 1 each ;
and several other towns increased less than 20. The pop-
ulation of these 89 towns, in 1830, was 123,595, and, in
1840, 111,783, having decreased 11,812, or 9-55 per cent.
The population of the remaining 215 or 220 towns, was
486,813 in 1830, and 625,917 in 1840, having increased
139,104, or 23-57 per cefiL
Some towns, without suffering any change in their boun-
dary lines, decreased in population during the fifty years
from 1790 to 1840, as Marblehead, Middleton, Lincoln,
Holland, Leyden, Shelburne, Warwick, Boston Corner,
and Somerset ; and others, in which the alteration of the
boundary lines seems to have but slightly affected the
number of their inhabitants, remained almost stationary
during this whole period.
We have designated the period from 1790 to 1820 as
especially one of emigration out of the state. This emi-
gration seems to have continued down to the present time,
and may, in some degree, be indicated by the singular
52
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
fact of there having been more deaths of the females than
of the males, — a fact which cannot be regarded as acci-
dental, as it has happened not for one year only, but for
the last four years, — according to the returns of the deaths
from the several towns in the Commonwealth. These re-
turns are imperfect ; but we may suppose that the deaths
of the males are no more likely to be omitted than those of
the females. The following table shows the number of
deaths during the four years next preceding May 1, accord-
ing to the returns.
1842
1843
1844
1845
Total.
Males, -
Females,
Not stated, -
4,311
4,576
657
4,771
5,311
602
3,712
4,173
502
4,040
4,442
160
16,834
18,502
1,921
Total,
9,544
10,684
8,387
8,642
37,257
These 37,257 deaths are exclusive of the stillborn. The
proportion of the deaths of the females specified to that of
the males, was as 100 to 90-98, while the proportion of the
female to the male births, for the two years next preceding
May 1, 1845, was as 100 to 103-79, which is not materi-
ally different from the proportion of the births of the two
sexes observed in other countries. For the first of these
two years the proportion was as 100 to 105-07, and for the
second as 100 to 102-62.
We have no means of determining the number of those
who have in successive years left this Commonwealth, and
sought their fortune by emigrating elsewhere. We have
no doubt that many of both sexes have, from year to yeai^
especially during the first half of the fifty years from 1790,
Neither can we determine the number of those who have
rome from other states and foreign countries, and settled in
RANGES OF TOWNS. 53
this Commonwealth. Our pilgrim fathers were foreigners,
and have been joined by others, from time to time, during
the two hundred and twenty-five years since the first land-
ing at Plymouth. The records which have been preserved
of these immigrants will not enable us to determine how
much we are indebted for the amount of the population, at
the date of either of the censuses, to the foreigners who
have settled here. There is abundant evidence that large
numbers of those born elsewhere have been, from the first,
among the inhabitants of this state ; and at this time their
proportion to the native population, is probably as great as
it is generally in the United States, whether that propor-
tion be an eighth or a tenth part of the whole population.
In the next table are exhibited the 309 towns and dis-
tricts of Massachusetts, as incorporated in 1840, with the
population within their respective limits, according to the
seven censuses, in circular ranges of Jive miles each, meas-
ured on the small map accompanying the State Map, pub-
lished in 1844, by radial distances, in straight lines from
Boston, as a common centre to the territorial centres of the
towns. The order of the towns in the ranges, begins at the
north easterly part of the state, and sweeps westerly
through the several towns. The first column contains the
names of the towns, the second the year of their incorpo-
ration, the third their distances in miles from Boston, and
the seven following columns their pojpnlation according to
the seven censuses. Against the towns are included the
number of inhabitants enumerated as belonging to gores
and unincorporated tracts, which were afterwards annexed
to the towns respectively ; and in case of the annexation
being made to more than one town, the population is added
to the most populous town.
The population in the census of 1790, for the 16 towns
substituted for that of 1765 not returned, is included in a
parenthesis.
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TABLE VIII. — Exhibiting the Population of the Towns in Massachusetts, the
dates of their Incorporation, their Distances in miles, from Boston, and their
Population according to seven Censuses, by Ranges.
TOWNS
Incor.
1630
Q
POPULATION.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Boston, -
15,520
18,320
24,937
33,787
43,298! 61,392] 93,383
First Range-
—Containing 7 Towns contiguou
s to Boston :
Chelsea, -
1739
4
• 462
472
849
594
642
771
2,390
Charlestown, -
1629
1
2,031
1,583
2,751
4,959
6,591
8,783
11,484
Cambridge,
1633
3
1,571
2,115
2,453
2,323
3,295
6,072
8.409
Brighton,
1807
5
.
.
.
608 702
972
1,425
Brookline,
1686
5
338
484
605
784! 900
1,043
1,365
Roxbury,
1630 3
1,487
2,226
2,765
3,669 4,135
5,247
9,089
Dorchester,
1630i 4
1,360
1,722
2,347
2,930 3,684
4,074
4,875
Total,
7,249
8,602! 11,770 15,867 19,949
26,962
39,037
Second Range — Containing 16 other Towns not exceeding
10 miles from Boston :
Lynn,
1
1637] 9
2,198
2,291
2,837
4,087
4,515
6,138
9,367
Saiigus, -
1815! 9
-
-
-
-
748
960
1,098
South Reading,
1812 10
-
-
-
-
-
1,311
1,517
Stoneham,
1725, 9
340
381
380
467
615
732
1,017
Maiden, -
1649
5
983
1,033
1,059
1,384
1,731
2,010
2,514
Medford, -
1630
5
790
1,029
1,114
1,443
1,474
1,755
2,478
Wobiirn, -
1642
9
1,515
1,727
1,228
1,219
1,519
1,977
2,993
W. Cambridge,
1807
6
.
.
.
971
1,061
1,230
1,363
Lexington,
171310
912
941
1,006
1,052
1,200
1,543
1,642
Waltham,
1738 9
663
882
903
1,014
1,677
1,857
2,504
Watertown,
1630
6
693
1,091
1,207
1,531
1,518
1,611
1,810
Newton, -
1691
7
1,308
1.360
1,491
1,709
1,850
2,376
3,351
Dedham, -
1636
10
1,909
. 1,659
1,973
2,172
2,493
3,117
3,290
Milton,
1662
8
943
1,039
1,143
1,264
1,502
1,576
1,822
Quincy, -
1792
8
-
-
1,081
1,281
1,623
2,201
3.486
Hull,
1644
7
170
120
117
139
172
198
231
Total,
-
-
12,424
13,553
15,539
19,733
23,701
30,622
40,483
Third Range — Containing 19 Towns over 10 and not exceeding 15 miles :
Marblehead, -
1649 13' 4,954
5,661
5,211
5,900
5,630
5,149
5,575
Salem,
1629 121 4,427
7,921
9,457
12,613
12,731
13,895
15,082
Danvers, -
1757 13, 2,133
2,425
2,643
3,127
3,646
4,228
5,020
Lynnfield,
1782 12 -
491
468
509
596
617
707
Reading, -
1644 13] 1,530
1,802
2,025
2,228
2,797
1,806
2,193
RANGES OF TOWNS.
56
aj
POPULATION.
■
TOWN&
Incor.
c
a
1765
1790
1800
1810
1S20
1830
1840
Wilmington, -
1730
15
673
710
797
716
786
7311
859
Burlington,
1799
12
-
-
534
471
508
446
510
Bedford, -
1729
15
457
523
538
592
648
685
929
Lincoln, -
1754
13
649
740
756
713
706
709.
686
Weston, -
1713
12
768
1,010
1,027
1,008
1,041
1.091
1,092
Wavland,
1780
15
-
801
835
824
962
944
998
Needham,
1711
11
945
1,130
1,072
1,097
1,227
1,418|
1,488
Dover,
1784 14
-
485
511
548
548
497 1
520
Canton, -
1797 12
-
-
1,110
1.353
1,268
1,515
1,995
Randolph,
1793 14
-
-
1,021
1,170
1,546
2,200
3,213
Braintree
1640
11
2,433
2,771
1,285
1,351
1,466
1,758'
2,168
Weymouth,
1635
13
1,258
1,469
1,803
1,889
2,407
2,837,
3,738
Hingham,
1635
13
2,467
2,085
2,112
2,382
2,857
3.387
3,564
Cohasset,
1770
14
-
817
849
994
1,099
1,233
1,471
Total,
-
-
22,694
30,841
34,054
39,485
42,469
45,146! 51,808
Fourth Range — Containing 21 Towns over 15 and not exceeding 20 miles :
Beverly -
Wenham,
Topsfield,
Middleton,
Aiidover,
Tewksbury,
Billerica, -
Cariisle, -
Concord, -
Sudbuiy, -
Framingham, -
Natick, -
Sherburne,
Medfieid, -
Walpole, -
Sharon, -
Stoughton,
N. Bridgewater,
Abington,
Hanover.
Scituate, -
Total,
1668
1643
1650
1728
1643
1734
1655
1S05
1635
1639
1700
1781
1674
1651
1724
1765
1726
1821
17121
1627:
2,164
564
719
581
2,442
781
1,334
1,564
1,773
1,305
474
670
628
785
2,321
1,263
(1,084)
1636 18 2,488
3,290
'502
780
682
2,863
958
1,191
555
1,590
1,290
1,598
615
801
731
1,005
1,034
1.994
3,881
476
789
598
2,941
944
1,383
634
1,679
1,303
1,625
694
775
745
989
1,018
1,020
1,4531 1,623
1.084 958
2,856 2,728
4,608
554
815
541
3,164
943
1,289
672
1,633
1,287
1,670
766
770
786
1,098
1,000
1,134
1.704'
l,17l'
2,969
4,283
572
866
596
3,889
1,0081
1,380
681
1,788
1,477
2.037
849
811
892
1,366
1.010
1,313
1.480
1,920
1.211
3.305
22,940i 26,S72| 26,803 28,574, 32,674
4,073
611
1,010
607
4,530
1,52
1,374
566
2,017
1,423
2.313
890
899
817
1,442
1,023
1.591
1,953
2.423
1,303
3,468
4,689
689
1,059
657
5,207
906
1,632
556
1.784
1,422
3,030
1,285
995
883
1,491
1,076
2,142
2,616
3,214
1,488
3,886
35,860l 40,707
Fifth Range — Containing 29 Toutis over 20 and not exceeding 25 miles :
Gloucester,
Manchester,
Essex,
Hamilton,
- 1639
- 1645
- 1819
- 1793
25
3,763
5,317
5,313
5,943
6,384
21
732
965
1,082
1,137
1,201
23
.
.
.
.
1,107
21
-
749
780
802
7,510
1,236
1,333
748
6,350
1,355
1,450
818
56
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TOWNS.
Incor.
c
POPULATION.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Ipsmch, -
1634
25
3,743
4,562
3,305
3,569
2,553
2,949
3,000
Georgetown, -
1838 25
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,540
Boxford, -
1685,24
851
925
852
880
906
935
742
Lowell, -
182622
-
-
-
-
-
6,474
20,796
Chelmsford,
1655 23
1,012
1,144
1,290
1,396
1,535
1,387
1,697
Westford,
1729 25
962
1,229
1,267
1,330
1,409
1,329
1,436
Littleton,
1715'25
773
854
904
773
955
947
927
Boxborough, -
1783
25
-
412
387
388
424
474
426
Acton,
1735
21
611
853
901
885
1,047
1,128
1,121
Stow,
1683
23
794
801
890
885
1,071
1,220
1,230
Marlborough, -
1660
24
1,287
1,554
1,735
1,674
1,952
2,077
2,101
Southborough, -
1727
24
731
837
871
926
1,030
1,080
1,145
Hopkinton,
1715
25
1,027
1,317
1,372
1,345
1,655
1,809
2,245
Holliston,
1724
22
705
875
783
989
1,042
1,304
1,782
Medway,
1713
22
785
1,035
1,050
1,213
1,523
1,756
2,043
Franklin,
1778
25
-
1,101
1,285
1,398
1,630
1,662
1,717
Wrentham,
1673
23
2,022
1,767
2,061
2,478
2,801
2,698
2,915
Foxborough, -
1778
22
-
674
779
870
1,004
1,165
1,298
Mansfield,
1770
25
-
983
1,016
1,030
1,222
1,172
1,382
Easton, -
1725
22
837
1,466
1,550
1,557
1,803
1,756
2,074
"W. Bridge water,
1822
22
-
-
-
-
1,055
1,042
1,201
E. Bridgewater,
1823
23
-
-
-
-
1,435
1,653
1,950
Hanson, -
1820
23
-
.
-
917
1,030
1,040
Pembroke,
1712
25
1,409
1,954
1,943
2,051
1,297
1,325
1,258
Marshfield,
1641
23
1,147
1,269
1,256
1,364
1,532
1,565
1,761
Total,
-
^
23,191
31,894
32,641
34,861
41,292
50,764
69,000
Sixth Range — Containing 26 Towns over 25 and not exceeding 30 miles
Rockport,
1840
30
2,650
Rowley, -
1639
27
1,477
1,772
1,577
1,682
1,825
2,044
1,203
Newbury,
1635
30
2,960
3,972
4,076
5,176
3,671
3,603
3,789
West Newbury,
1819
30
-
.
-
.
1,279
1,586
1,560
Bradford,
1675
28
1,125
1,371
1,420
1,369
1,600
1,856
2,222
Haverhill,
1643
30
1,980
2,408
2,730
2,682
3,070
3,896
4,336
Methuen,
1725
27
933
1,297
1,253
1,181
1,371
2,006
2,251
Dracut, -
1702
26
(1,217)
1,217
1,274
1,301
1,407
1,615
2,188
Tyngsborough,
1789
28
382
696
704
808
822
870
Groton, -
1655
30
1,423
1,840
1,802
1,886
1,897
1,925
2,139
Harvard, -
1732
29
1,126
1,387
1,319
1,431
1,597
1,600
1,571
Bolton, -
1738
28
925
861
945
1,037
1,229
1,253
1,186
BerUn,
1784
28
.
512
590
591
625
692
763
Northborough,
1766
30
.
619
698
794
1,018
992
1,248
Westborough, -
1717
29
1,110
934
922
1,048
1,326
1,438
1,658
Upton,
1735
30
614
833
854
995
1,088
1,167
1,466
Milford, -
1780
27
-
839
907
973
1,160
1,360
1,773
Bellingham,
1719
28
468
735
704
766
1,034
1,102
1,055
Norton, ■
1711
28
1,942
1,428
1,481
1,598
1,600
1,479
1,545
RANGES OF TOWNS.
St
TOWNS.
c
POPULATION.
Incor.
2
a
171)5
1790
1800
1810 1820
1830
1840
Taunton,
1639 30
2,735
3,804
3,860
3,907i 4,520
6,042 7,645
Raynham,
173128
687
1.094
1,181
1,154 1,071
1,208 1,329
Bridgewater, -
165tJl27
3,942
4,975
5,200
5,157 1,700
1,855 2,131
Halifax, -
1734127
556
664
642
703 749 708| 734
Plvmpton,
1707130
1,390
956
861
900 930t 920: 834
Kin°;ston,
1726i30
759
1,004
1,037
1,137! 1,313! 1,321! 1,440
Duxbury,
I637i27
1,050
1,454
1,664 2,201' 2,403 2,716 2,798
Total,
- -
28,419 36,358i 37,673 40,373^ 40,29ll 45,206i 52,38-1
Seventh Ranne — Containinf? 17 Towns over 30 and not exceeding 35 miles :
Newburyport, -
1764 31
2.882
4,837
5,946
7,634
6,852
6,375
7,161
Salisbury
163935
1,329
1,780
1,855
2,047
2,006
2,519
2,739
Amesbnry,
166832
l,5ti7
1,801
1,757
1,890
1,956
2.445
2,471
Dunstable,
1673 32
559
3Su
485
475
584
593
603
Pepperell,
1753:35
758
1,132
1,198
1.333
1,439
1,440
1,571
Shirley, -
1753 33
430
677
713
814
922
991
957
Lancaster,
165332
1,999
1,460
1,584
1,694
1,862
2,014
2,019
Boylston,
17S6 33
.
839
1,058
800
902
820
797
Shrewsbury,
1727 32
1,401
963
1,048
1,210
1,458
1,386
1.481
Grafton, -
1735 33
763
872
985
946
1.154
1,889
2,943
Northbridge, -
1772 34
.
569
544
713
905
1,053
1,449
Uxbridge,
1727 35
1,213
1,308
1,404
1,404
1,551
2,086
2,00 4
Mendon, -
1667 32
1,838
1,555
1,628
1,819
2,254
3,152
3,524
Atlleborough, -
1694 31
1,739
2,166
2,480
2,716
3,055
3,215
3,585
Berkley, -
1735 35
659
850
1,013
1,014
1,060
907
886
Middleborough,
1669:34
3,412
4,526
4,458
4,400
4,687
5,008
5,085
Carver, -
1790 35
-
847
863
858
839
970
995
Total,
- -
20,549
26,5621
29,019
31,767
33,486
36,863
40,270
Eighth Range — Containing 16 Towns over 35 miles and not exceeding 40 miles ;
Town send,
1732
39
598
993
1,149
1,246
1,482
1,506
1.892
Lunenburg,
1728
38
821
1,277
1,243
1,371
1,209
1,317
1.272
Leominster,
1740
38
743
1,216
1,486
1,584
1,790
1,930
2,069
Sterhng, -
1781
37
-
1,428
1,614
1,472
1,710
1,794
1,647
West Boylston,
1808
37
-
-
632
886
1,055
1.187
Holden, -
1741
40
495
1,077
1,142
1,072
1,402
1,719
1 .874
Worcester,
1684
38
1,478
2,095
2,411
2,577
2,962
4,173
7.497
Millbury,
1813
38
-
-
.
-
926
1,611
2,171
Sutton, -
1715
38
2,138
2,642
2,513
2,660
2,056
2,186
2,370
Douglas, -
1746
40
521
1,079
1,083
1,112
1,375
1,742
1,617
Pawtucket,
1828
36
.
-
.
.
1,459
2,184
Seekonk, -
1812
39
.
.
.
-
2,775
2,133
1,996
Eehoboth,
1645
36
3,690
4.710
4,743
4,866
2,710
2,459
2,l()9
Dighton, -
1712
36
1,174
1,793
1 ,666
■
1,059
1 ,007
i ,723
i,;i:s
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TOWN&
Incor.
c
O
POPULATION.
1765 1790
1800
1810 1820
1830
1840
Freetown,
Plymouth,
1683
1620
40
40
1,4921 2,202
2,177 2,995
2,535 l,878i 1,863 1,909 1,772
3,524 4,228 4,348 4,758 5,281
Total,
15,3271 23,507
25,109 26,387 29,131133,474 38,376
Ninth Range —
Containing 16 Towns over 40 and not exceeding 45 miles :
Ashby,
1767
44
.
751
941
1,103
1,188
1,240
1,246
Fitchburg,
1764
41
259
1,165
1,390
1,566
1,736
2,169
2,604
AVestminster, -
1759
44
468
1,176
1,369
1,419
1,634
1,696
1,645
Princeton,
1759
42
284
1,042
1,021
1,062
1,261
1,346
1,347
Kiilland, -
1714
45
1,090
1,072
1,202
1,231
1,262
1.276
1,260
Paxton, -
1765
43
.
558
582
619
613
597
670
Leicester,
1714
43
770
1,076
1,103
1,181
1,252
1,782
1,707
Auburn, -
1778
41
.
473
532
540
608
690
649
Oxford, -
1713
42
890
1,237
1,237
1,277
1,562
2,034
1,742
Webster, -
1832
44
-
.
.
-
-
1,403
Swansey,
1667
42
1,840
1,784
1,741
1,839
1,933
1,678
1,484
Somerset,
1790
42
.
1,151
1,232
1,199
1,116
1,023
1,005
Fall River,
1803
43
-
-
-
1,296
1,594
4,158
6,738
New Bedford, -
1787
45
-
3,313
4,361
5,651
3,947
7,592
12,087
Rochester,
1686
45
1,939
2,644
2,546
2,954
3,034
3.556
3,864
Wareham,
1739
44
503
854
770
851
952
1,885
2,002
Total,
-
8,043
18,296
20,027
23,788
23,692
32,722
41,453
Tenth Range —
Containing 12 Towns over 45 and not exceeding 50 miles :
Ashburnham, -
1765
48
(951)
951
994
1,036
1,230
1,402
1,652
Gardner, -
1785
49
531
667
815
911
1,023
1,260
Hubbardston, -
1767
48
.
933
1,113
1,127
1,367
1,674
1,784
Oakham, -
1762
49
270
772
801
848
986
1,010
1,038
Spencer, -
1753
47
664
1,322
1,432
1,453
1,548
1,618
1,604
Charleton,
1754
48
739
1,965
2,120
2,180
2,134
2,173
2,117
Dudley, -
1732
48
748
1,114
1,140
1,226
1,615
2,155
1,352
AV^estport,
1787
50
.
2,466
2,361
2,585
2,633
2,779
2,820
Dartmouth,
1664
50
4,506
2,499
2,660
3,219
3,636
3,866 4,135
Fairhaven,
1812i48
-
.
.
.
2,733
3,034
3,951
Sandwich,
1639
50
1,376
1,991
2,024
2,382
2,484
3,361
3,719
Provincetown, -
1727
47
(454)
454
812
936
1,252
1,710
2,122
Total,
-
-
9,708
14,998
16,124
17,807
22,529
25,805
27,554
Eleventh Range — Containing 10 Towns over 50 and not exceeding 55 miles :
"Winchendon, -
1764
53
(946)
946
1,092
1,173
1,263
1,463
1,754
Teitipleton,
1762
53
348
950
1,068
1,205
1,331
1,552
1,776
riiillipslon,
1786
55
.
740
802
839
916
932
919
JJuiic,
1753
'y2
731
1,613
1.937
1,971
2,077
2,503
2,751
lUNii'F.S OF TOWNS.
59
6
POPULATION.
TOWNS.
I
c
s
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
New Braintree,
1751
54
594
939
875
912 888
825
752
N. Brookfield, -
181251
-
-
-
1,095
1,241
1,485
Brookfield,
1673 52
1,811
3,100
3,284
3,170 2,292
2,342
2,472
Sturbridge,
1738 54
896
1,768
1,846
1,927 1,633
1,688
2,005
Southb ridge, -
1816 51
-
.
-
1,066
1,444
2,031
Truro, -
1709 54
924
1,103
1,152
1,209 1,241
1,547
1,920
Total,
-
6,253
11,249
12,056
12,406
13,802
15,537
17,865
Twelfth Range-
-Containing 13 Towns
over 55 and not exceeding 60 miles :
Royalston,
1765
60
(1,130)
1,130
1,243
1,415
1,424
1,493
1,667
Athol,
1762
60
359
848
993
1,041
1,211
1,325
1,591
Petersham,
1754
58
707
1,560
1,794
1,490
1,623
1,696
1,775
Dana,
1801
60
-
.
625
664
623
691
Hardwick,
1739
58
1,010
1,725
1,727
1,657
1,836
1,885
1,789
Ware, -
1761
60
485
773
997
996
1,154
2,045
1,890
Warren, -
1742
58
583
899
979
1,014
1,112
1,189
1,290
Brimfield,
1731
60
773
1,211
1,384
1,325
1,612
1,599
1,419
Holland, -
1783
59
428
445
420
453
453
423
Falmouth,
1686
57
1,063
1,637
1,882
2,237
2,370
2,548
2,589
Marshpee,
1763
58
108
308
155
139
150
309
Barnstable,
1639
58
2,108
2,610
2,964
3,646
3,824
3,974
4,301
Wellfleet,
1763
60
917
1,117
1,207
1,402
1,472
2,046
2,377
Total,
-
-
9,243
14,246
15,770
17,407
18,905 20,878
22,111
Thirteenth Range
—Containing 11 Towns
over 60 and not exceeding 65 miles :
Orange, -
1783
^')5
784
766
764
829
880
1,501
New Salem,
1753
64
375
1,543
1,949
2,107
2,146
1,889
1.305
Prescott, -
1822 64
.
-
-
.
758
780
Greenwich,
1754 61
434
1,045
1,460
1,225
778
813
824
Enfield, -
1816
64
.
.
-
873
1,056
976
Palmer, -
1752
63
508
809
1,039
1,114
1,197
1,237
2,139
Wales, -
1762 62
574
606
774
645
683
665
686
Yarmouth,
1639;62
1,740
2,678
1,727
2,134
2,232
2,251
2,554
Dennis, -
1793
63
.
.
1,408
1,739
1,997
2,317
2,942
Brewster, -
1803
65
.
.
.
1,112
1,285
1,418
1,522
Eastham,
1646
(>5
1,327
1,834
659
751
766
970
955
Total,
-
-
4,958
9,299
9,782
11,591
12,786
14,254
16,184
Fourteenth Range — Containing 15 Towns over 65 and not exceeding 70 miles :
Warwick,
1763
68
191
1,246
1,233
1,227
1,256
1,150
1,071
Erving, -
1838
70;
.
-
-
160
331
488
309
Wendell, -
1781
68
-
519
737
983
958
874
875
Shutesbury,
1761
68
330
671
930
939
1,029
986
987
()0
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
!.
POPULATION.
TOWNS.
IncorJ i
5
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Pelham, -
1743 68
371
1,040
1,144
1,185
1,278
904
956
Belcherto-\vn, -
1761 67
418
1,485
1,878
2,270
2,426
2,491
2,554
Ludlow, -
1774 70
-
5()0
650
730
1,246
1,327
1,268
Wilbraham,
1763 70
491
1,555
1,743
1,776
1,979
2,034
1,864
Monson, -
1760 66
389
1,331
1,635
1,674
2,126
2,263
2,151
Chihnark,
1714
70
663
771
800
723
695
691
702
Tisbury, -
1671
()8
739
1,142
1,092
1,202
1,223
1,317
1,520
Edgarton,
1671
70
944
1,352
1,226
1,365
1,374
1,509
1,736
Harwich,
1694
67
1,681
2,392
2,857
1,942
1,980
2,453
2,930
Chatham,
1712
70
678
1,140
1,351
1,334
1,630
2,130
2.33-1
Orleans, -
1797167
-
-
1,095
1,248
1,343
1,789
1,974
Total,
-
-1
6,895
15,207
18,371
18,7581 20,874
22,406 23,231
Fifteenth Range — Containing 7 Towns
over 70 and not exceeding 75 miles :
Northlield,
171472
415
868i 1,047
1,218
1
1,584 1,757 1,673
Gill,
179375
.
.
700
762
800 864 798
Montague,
1753 74
392
906
1 222
934
1,074 1,152 1,255
Leverett, -
177472
.
524
711
769; 857; 939; 875
Sunderland,
1714|75
(462)
462
537
551| 597
666 719
Amherst, -
1759 72
645
1,233
1,358
1,469
1,917
2,631 2,550
Granby, -
1768 73
-
596
786
850
1,066
1,064 971
Total,
1,914
4,589
6,361
6,5531 7,895i 9,073| 8,841
Sixteenth Range-
—Containing 9 Towns
over 75 and not exceeding 80 miles :
Bernardston, -
1762177
230
691
780
811
912
918' 992
Greenfield,
1753
78
368
1,498
1,254
1,165
1,361
1,540' 1,756
Deerfield,
1682
78
737
1,330
1.531
1,570
1,868
2.003i 1,912
Whately, -
1771
80
.
736.
773
891
1,076
1,111 1,072
Hatfield, -
1670
80
803
703
809
805
823
893 933
Hadley, -
1661
76
573
882
1,073
1,247| 1,461
1,686 1,814
South Hadley, -
1753
7S
817
759
801
902
1,047
1,185; 1,458
Springfield,
1646
76
2,755
1,574
2,312
2,767
3,914
6,7&1 10,985
Longmeadow, -
1783
77
-
744
973
1,036
1,171
1,257! 1,270
1 '
Total,
-
6,283
8,917
10,306
11,194
13,633
17,3771 22,192
Seventeenth Range — Containing 8 Towns over 80 and not exceeding 85 miles ;
Leyden, -
1784 82
989 1,095
1,009
974
796
632
Shelburne,
1768 83
-
1,183 1,079
961
1,022
995
1,022
Conway, -
1767 83
.
2,092 2,013
1,784
1,705
1,563
1,409
Williamsburg, -
177184
-
1.049 1,176
1,122
1,087
1,236
1,309
Northampton, -
1654 81
1,285
1,628 2,190
2,631
2,854
3,613.
3,750
RANGES OF TOWXS.
61
TOWNS.
Incor.
~ 1
POPUr-ATION.
1765 1 1790
1800
1810
1820
1830 1840
Easthampton, -
Southampton, -
AV. Springfield,
|1785
Il753
;i774
1
81j
85
82
457
437 829
2,367
586
983
2,835
660 712 745 717
1,171 1,160 1.244 1,157
3,109 3,246 3,270 3,626
Total,
1 -
-
1,722 10,594! ll,957i 12,147| 12,760l 13,462 13,622
Eighteenth Range — Containing 11 Towns over 85 and not exceeding 90 miles
Coleraine,
1761186
297
1,417
2,014
2.016
1,961
1,877 1,971
Buckland,
177988
-
718
1,041
1,097
1,037
1,039 1,084
Ashfield, -
1765'8S (1,459;
1,459
1,741
1,809
1,748
1,732 1,610
Goshen, -
178i'87r -
681
724
652
632
617| 556
Chesterfield,
1762 89
161
1,183
1,323
1,408
1,447
1,416! 1,132
Norwich, -
1773 90
_
742
959
968
849
795
750
"Westhampton, -
1778 87
.
683
756
793
896
918
759
Montgomery, -
1780 89
449
560
595
604
579
740
"Westfield,
1669 87 1,324
2,204
2.185
2,130
2,668
2,940
3,526
Southwick,
177087
.
841
867
1.229
1,255
1,355
1,214
Nantucket,
1687 90
3,320
4,620
5,617
6,807
7,266
7,202| 9,012
Total,
-1-
6,561
14,997
17,787
19,504
20,363
20,470; 22,351
Nineteenth Range — Containing 11 Towns over 90 and not exceeding 95 miles
Heath, -
Rowe,
Charlemont,
Hawley, -
Plainfield,
Cummington,
Worthington,
Chester, -
Bland ford,
Russell, -
Granville,
Total,
1785191 .
1785:95 -
176593 (743)1
1792 93' - I
1785 93
177993' -
1768:94: -
1765195(1,119)
174195: 406
179291' -
1754 95 682!
I
379
443
743
539
458
873
1,116
1,119
1,416
1,979
604
575
1,090
878
797
985
1,223
1,542
1,778
431
2,309
917
1,122
839
851
1,107
1,231
1.031
1,089
977
936
1,009
1,060
1,391
1,27(
1.531 ; 1,526
1,6131 1,515
422
491
1,504! 1,643'
1,199
716
1,194
1,037
984
1,26J
1.179
1,407
1.590
507
1,649
895
703
1.127
977
910
1,237
1,197
1,632
1,127
95.>
1,114
2,950; 9,065 12,212| 12,344 12,740: 12,723| 12,474
Twentieth Range — Containing 7 Towns over 95 and not exceeding 100 miles :
Monroe. -
1822 100
265
282
Florida, -
1805 100
.
.
392
431
454!
441
Savoy,
1797 100
-
430
711
852
927|
915
Windsor, -
1771 100
.
916, 961
1,108
1,085
1,042
897
Peru,
1771 100
.
1,041 1,.361
912
748
729
576
Middlefield, -
1783i 98
.
608 877
822
755
720
1,717
Tolland, -
1810 100
-
-
798
692
723
627
Total,
- 1 -
- 1 2,565| 3,629
4,743
4,563
4,860
5,455
62
POPrT,.\TIOX OF M-V.-iSAfin-^^ETTS.
Tiveniy-fu-^t Rangf.—Co\\\.vimms, S Tou-ns over 100 and not exceeding 105
miles :
TOV\T*fS
POPULATION.
a
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830 ] 1840
Clarksburg, -
Adams, -
Cheshire,
Dalton, -
Hinsdale,
Becket, -
Otis,
Sandisfield, -
1798
1778
1793
1781
1804
1765
1773
1762
105
105
105
105
102
101
102
105
(751)
409
2,465
554
751
605
1,742
253
L688
1,325
859
930
1,102
1,857
231
1,763
1,315
779
822
1,028
1.111
1,795
274
1.836
1,202
817
822
984
981
1,646
315 370
2,649 3.703
1,050 985
827 1,255
780 955
1,063, 1,3-J2
1,012' 1,177
1,655 1,464
Total, -
-
1,160
6,117
8,014' 8,844
8,562
9,351 11,251
Twenty-second Range — Containing 6 Towns over 105 and not exceeding 110
miles :
New Ashford,
1781
110 - 460
390
411
358
285
227
Lanesborough,
1765
110(2,i42J 2,142
1,443
1,303
1,319
1,192
1,140
Washington, -
1777
106 -
588
914
942
750
701
991
Lee,
1777
109 -
1,170; 1,267
1,305
1,384
1,825
2,428
Tyringham, -
1762
109 325
1,397, 1,712
1,689
1,443
1,350
1,477
N. Marlboro',
1759
110'(1,550)
1,550 1,848
1,832
1,668
1,656
1,682
Total,
-
- 4,017 7,307i 7,574
7,482
6,922 7,009
7,945
Twenty-third Range — Containing 7 Towns over 110 and not exceeding 115
miles :
Twenty-fourth Range — Containing 4 Towns over 115 and not exceeding 120
miles :
W.Slockbridge, 1774 117
Alford, - - 1773|1I9
Esremont, - 17601120
Sheffield, - 1733117
(759)
1,073
1,113
577
759
1,899
1,002 1,049 1,034 1,209
518 522 570 512
835' 790| 865 890
2,050 2,439 2,476 2,382
1,448
481
1,038
2,322
'J'otal. - ! - 1 -
1,832
4,348
4,405. 4,800 4.915 4.993
5,289
RANGES OF TOWNS. 63
Twenty-fifth Range — Containing 2 Towns over 120 miles :
TOWNS.
Incor.
1
S
POPULATION.
1765
1790
1800 1810
1820
1830
1840
Mt.Washingt'n,
Boston Corner,
1779
1838
123
125
261
()7
291
474
467
92
345
64
438
65
Total,
328
29 1| 474
559
409
5G3
RECAPITULATION
Of the Population of the Ton-ns, and of their Distances from Boston, together
with their Proportion of the Population to the rvhole Population of the State,
in 1765, 1790 and 1840, bi/ Eanges of 5 miles.
c
POPULATION.
Proportion to whole
Distance
Population per cent.
Ranges.
H
1
Boston.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
1765
1790
1840
Boston,
1
15,.520
18,320
24,937 33,787
11,770 15,867
43,298
61,392
93,333:
6-35
4^&4
12-66
1st Ran.
7
1 to 5
7,249
8,602
19,949
26,962
39,0371
2-97
2-27
5-29
2d "
16
5—10
12,424
13,.553 15,539| 19,733
30,841 .34,054' 39,485
23,701
30,622
40,483'
5-09
3^5<>
5-49
3d "
19
10—15
22,694
42,469
45,146
51,8081
9-29
8'14
7-02
4th "
21
15—20
22,940
26,872 26,803, 28,574
.32,674
35,860
40,707!
9-40
7-09
5-52
5th "
29
20—25
23,191
31, 894! 32,641 1. 34,561
41,292
50,764
69,0001
9-50
8-42
9-35
6lh "
26
25—30
28,419
.36,358,. 37,673: 40,373
40,291
45,206
52,3841
11-64
9-60
710
7th "
17
30—35
20,549
26,562:29,019 31,767
33.486
.36,863
40,270
8-42
7-01
5-46
8th "
16
35-40
15,327
23,507125,109 26,387
29,131
33,474
38,.376
6-28
6^21
5-20
9th "
16
40-45
8,043
18,296:20,027 23,783
23,692
32,722
41,453i
3-29
4-83
5-62
10th "
12
45—50
9,708
14,998
16,124; 17,807
22,529
25,805
27,5.54
3-98
396
374
nth •'
10
50—55
6,253
11,249
12,056j 12,406
13,802
15,.5.37
17,865
2-56
2^96
2-42
12th "
13
55—60
9,243
14,246
15,770
17,407
18,905
20,876
22.111
3-79
377
3^00
13th "
11
60—65
4,958
9,299
9,782
11,591
12,786
14,2.54
16,184
2-03
2-45
219
14th "
15
G.J— 70
6,895
15,207
18,371
18,758
20,874
22,406
23,231
2-82
4-02
315
15th •'
7
70—75
1,914
4,589
6,361
6,553
7,895
9,073
8,841
■78
1-21
120
16th "
9
75—80
6,283
8,917
10,306
11,194
13,6.33
17,377
22,192
2-.57
2-35
301
17th "
8
80— .S5
1,722
iO.594 111,957
12.4471 12,760
13,462
13,622
•71
2-80
1-84
18th "
11
S.'S— 90
6,561
14,997
17,787
19,504; 20,363
20.470
22,:554
2-69
3 96
3-03
19lh "
11
90—95
2,950
9,065
12,212
12,344, 12,740
12,723
12,474
1-21
2-39
1-69
2t)th "
7
9^3—100
2,.%5
3,629
4,743
4,563
4,860
5,4.55
•68
•74
21st "
8
I0(}— 105
1,160
6,117
8,014
8,844
8,562
9,351
11,251
•47
V%2
1.53
22d "
6
105—110
4,017
7,307
7,.574
7,482
6.922
7,009
7.945
r65
1-93
107
23d "
7
110—115
4.297
10,156
10,6:34
ll,064i 11,466
12,792
13,928
1^76
2'G8
1-89
24ih "
4
115—120
1,832
4,348
4,405
4,800t 4,945
4.99.J
5,289
•75
114
•72
25th "
2
120-125
-
328
291
474 5.59
409
503
■m
-07
Total,
309
244149
378787
422845
472040 523287
610408
7.37700
100^
100-
100-
It will be perceived that the proportion of the population in the ranges was very different at
the three dates specified in the Recapitulation. That of Boston in 1765 was one and a half jur
cent, greater than in 1790. In 1840 it was nearly double what it was in 1765 and nearly three
times what it was 1790. The proportion in the ranges of contiguous towns was nearly the same
at the first two dates, and nearly double at the last. In the 2d range it was nearly the same at
the extreme dates, but much le.ss in 1790. In the 3d range it decreased during each period, and
in the 4th, still more. In the .5111 it was nearly the same at the three dates. In the 6th, 7lh and
8th it decreased, and in the 9th, increased, during each period. In the Uth, r2th, 13lh, 14th,
15th and 16th it varied but little at the three dates. In the 17th, 18th and 19th it was greater
in 1790 than in 1765 or 181:0. In the 20th and 2I.st it increased, aud in the 'i2A, 23d and 21th,
Wd3 nearly stationary, and in tho 2jlh. slightly increased.
64
POPULATION
OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TABLE IX : Pakt I.— Exhibiting the Topvlation of Massachusetts and its Increase in 25 years, fm\
ii
17i;5
to 1790, and in each Decennial Period from 1790 to J
840, together n-ith the Proportion pt\
\¥
Raugea.
G
1
Distance
from
Census.
Increase in 25 yrs.
Census.
Increase in 10 yrs.
Census.
Increase in 10 yrs.
Census
*
Boston,
in miles.
1765
Ami. 1 Per ct.
1790
Ami.
Per ct.
1800
Ami.
Per cl.
1810
"
Boston
1| - -
15.520
2,800 18-02 18,320
6,617
36-11
24,937
8,850
35-48
33,78
'-"
Isi R.
7 1 to 5
7;249
1.353
18-66 8,602
3,168
36-82
11,770
4,097
34-80
15,86
)
8i 5
22,769
4,153
I8-24' 26,922
9,785
36-34
36,707
12,947
35-27
49,65
2a
l(j 5 to 10
12,424
1,129
9081 13,553
1,986
14-65
15,539
4,194
26-99
19,73
1
24
lOl
35,193
5,282
1500
40,475
11,771
29-08
52,246
17,141
32-80
69,38
3d
19
10 to 151 22,694
8,147
35-89
30,841
3,213
10-41
34,054
5,431
15-91
39,48
)
43
15 57,887
13,429
23-29
71,316
14.984
21-01
86,300
22,572
26-15
10887
4 th
21
15 to 20 1 22,940
3,932
17-14
26,872
dec69
—•25
26,803
1,771
6-60
28,57
64 20' 80,827
17,361
21-47
98,188
14,915
15-19
113103
24,343
21-51
13744
.'')th
20 20 to 25 23,191
8,703
37-53
31,894
747
2-34
32,641
2,220
6-80
34,86
93 25104018
26,064
25-05
130082
15,662
12-03
145744
26,563
18-22
17230
1/
6th
26 25 to 30 28,419
7,939
27 93
36,358
1,315
3-61
37,673
2,700
7-16
40,37
l^
)
119: 30132437
34,003
25-67
166440
16,977
10 20
183417
29,263
15-95
21268
7lh
17
30 to 35 20,549
6,013
29-26
26,562
, 2,457
921
29,019
2,748
9-45
31,76
136
35152986
40,016
26-15
193002
19,434
1006
212436
32,011
15-06
24444
cyi
8th
16
35 to 40i 15,327
8,180
51-02
23,507
1,602
6-81
25,109
1,278
5-08
26,38
152
40 168313
48,196
28-63
216509
21,036
9-71
237545
32,289
14-01
27083
9th
16
40 to 45
8,043
10,253
127-47
18,296
1,731
9-46
20.027
3,761
18-77
23,78
168
45
176356
58,449
33-14
234805
22,767
9-691257572
37,050
14-38
29462
10th
12
45 to 50
9,708
5,290
54-49
14,998
' 1,126
7-50
16,124
1,683
10-43
17,80
180
50
186064
63,739
34-25
249803
23,893
9-56
273696
38,733
14-15
31242
;;
nth
10
50 to 55
6,253
4,996
79-89
11,249
807
7-17
12,056
350
2-90
12,40
190
55
192317
68,735
35-74
261052
24,700
9-46
285752
39,083
13-67
32483
12th
13
55 to 60
9,243jl 5,003
54-12
14,246
1,524
10-69
15,770
1,637
10-38
17,40'
"
203
60
20156U
73,738
36-58 275298
26,224
9-52
301522
40,720
13-50
34224:
J 3th
11
60 to 65
4,958
4,341
87-55 9,299
483
5-19
9,782
1,809
18-49| 11,59
214
65
206518
78,079
37-80 284597
26,707
9-38
311304
42,529
13-66:35383:
Mth
15
05 to 70
6,895
8,312
120-55 15,207
3,164
20-74
18,371
3871 2-15| 18,751
229
70
2134131186,391
40-48 299804
29,871
9-96
329675
42,916 13-0137259
1.3th
7| 70 to 75
1,914't 2,675
139-751 4,589
1,772
3861
6,361
192 3 01 6,55;
236
75
215327; 189,066
41-36 304393
31,643
10-39
336036
43,1081 12-82 37914-
Kith
9
75 to 80
6,283
1 2,634
41-93 8,917
1,389
15-57
10,306
888i 8-61 11.19-
r
245
80
221610
91,700
41-37313310
33,032
10-54
346342
43,9961 12 70 390331;
*
11
I'th
8
80 to 85
1,722
8,872
515-21' 10.594
1,363
12-86
11,957
490i 4-08 12,44'
253
85
223332
100572
4503 323904
34.395
10-61
358299
44,486' 12-41 40278,'
18th 1
1]
85 to 90
6,561
8,436
128 •57; 14.997
2,790
19-93
17,787
1,717
9-65 19,504
1
264
90
229893
109008
47-4l!338901
37,185
10-97
376086
46,203
12-28 42228$
1
:i
I
J 0th \
11
90 to <I5
2,950
6,115
207-281 9,065
3,147
34-71
12 212
132
1-08 12,34^
)
275
95
232843
115123
49-44'347966
40,332
11-59
38'8298
46,335
11-93 43463:
COth
7
95 to 100
2,565
- 1 2,565
1,064
41-48
3,629
1,114
30-69 4,74;
i
282
100
232843
117688
50-54350531
41,396
11-80
391927
47,449
12-10 43937f
■
21st
8
100 tol05
1,160
4,957
427-.32i 6,117
1,897
31-01
8.014
830j 10-35| 8,84*
.1
1?
'1
290
105
234003
122615
52-41 356648
43,293
1213
399941
48,2791 12-07;44822t
22(1
6
105tol]0
4,017
3.290
81-92' 7,307
267
3-65
7.574
dec92
—1-21 7,48f
296
110
23802(1
125935
52-90 363955
43,560
11-96
407515
48,187
11-82 4557051
23d
7
110toll5
4,297
5,859
136-35 10,156
478
4-76
10,634
430
4-04 11,06*
'i
303
115
242317
131794
54-38 374111
44,038
11-77
418149
48,617
11-62 46676*
1
21th
4,115 to 120
1,832
2,516
137-33, 4,348
57
1-31
4,405
395
8-96 4,80(1
307 120
244149
134310
55-01 378459
44,095
11-65
422554
49,012
11-59,47156(1
25th
2,120tol25
-
328
328 1 dec37
-11-28
291
183
1)2-88 47
Total,
309
125
249149
1134638
55-14 378787 11,058
11-63'422815 49,195
11-63 IVJO41
"-
INCREASE IN THE RANGES.
65
. »/ the Population in each Range to the n-hole number in the State in 17b5, 1790 and 1840,
Parts of the State within certain Radial Distances from Boston, by Ranges of 5 miles.
ease in 10 yrs. Census.
Perct. I 1820
511
082
593
968
561
934
545
100
,645:
431|
076!
■c82|
994 1
719;
713'
17441
457j
c96i
3611
722,
083;
396 1
479;
498;
1(977i
195
172.
116.
288
342
(630
439:
069'
313
382
859;
2411
396'
1637
180
457
282
175
560
K615
402
^017
145
^162
85
28 14' 43,298'
25-72' 19,9491
27-37j 63,247
20-10 23,701
25-30 86.948
7-55' 42,469
18-87 129417:
14-34 32,674i
17-93 162091'
18-44 41.2921
lS-03 203383
—•20 40,291'
14-57 243674:
5-41 33,486
13-38 277160^
10-39 29,1311
13-09|30629r
—401 23,692
12-00|329983
Increase in lOyrs
Per ct.
26-51
12-82
11-25
12-76
8-60
1255
10 30
12-48
11-28
12-42
20 47
22.529
352512
13,802
366314
18,905
385219
12,786
398005
28,874
418879
7,895
12-56426774
21-78 13,633
12 82|440407
2-511 12,760
12-50453167
4-40:
12-13
3-20
11-88
—1-85
11-71
—3-18
11-41
—7-48
20.363
473530
12,740'
486270!
4.5631
490833
8,562
499395
6,922
11-10 506317
3-63! 11,466
10-92517783
3-02 4,945
10-84 522728
17-93; 559
18,094
7,013
25,107
6,921
32,028
2,677
34,705
3,186
37,891
9,472
47,363
4,915
52,278
3,377
55,655
4,343
59,998'
9,030
69,028;
3,2761
72,304
1,735|
74,039:
l,97ll
76,010!
1,468
77,478
1,532
79,010
1,178
80,188
3,744
83.932
702
84,634
'107^
84,741
dec 17
84,724
297
85,021
I 789
I 85,810
I 87
I 85,897
i 1,326
87,223
48
87.271
dec 150
41-78
35-15
39-69
29-20
36-83
6-30
26-81
9-75
23
22-93
23-28
12-19
21-45
10-08
20-08
14-90
19-58
38-11
20-91
14-54
20-51
12-57
20-21
10-42
CensiLs. ill'icroase in lOyrs.i Census.
1B30 ! Ami.
Per ct.
1840
61,392!
26,962 i
88,354! I
30,622 '
118976'
45,146
164122
35,860!
199982|
50,764
250746
45,206
295952
36,863
332815
33,474
366289
32,722
399011
25,805
421816
15,537
440353
20,876
19-73 461229
1148
19-46
7-33
18-86
14-92
18-78
27-46
19-06
5-50
18-67
14,254
475483
22,406
497889'i
9,0731
506962
17.377
524339
13.462
537801
-521 20,470
17-891558271
— 13| 12,723
17-42!570994
6-50 4,860
17-32575854'
9 21 9,351
17-18585205
1-25| 7,009,
16-96592214
11-56! 12,792
16 84 605006
-97 4,993
16-69 609999
-26-83 409
31,991|
12,0751
44,066
9,861
53,927
6,662
60,589
4,847
65,436
18,236
83,672
7,178
90,850
3,407
94,257
4,902i
99,159!
8,73l|
1078901
1,749:
109639
2,328
111967
1,235
113202
1,930
115132
825
115957
dec 232
115725
4,815
,120540
1 160
1120700
I 1,884
122584
'dec 249
122.335
j 595
1122930
i 1,900
'124830
I 936
125766
I 1,136
126902
296
127198
94
52-IOI 93,383
44-78; 39,037
49-87132420
32-20i 40,483
45-32!l72903
14-75 51,808
36-91224711
13-51] 40,707
32-72265418
35-92! 69,000
33-36,334418
15-87' 52,384
30-691386802
9-241 40,270
28-3i;427072
14-64' 38,376
27-07!465448
26 68! 41,453
27-031506901
6-77! 27,554
25-80 534455
14-98! 17,865
25-42,552320
5 91 22,111
24-54 574431
13-53 16,184
24-21590615]
3-68 23,23l!
23-286138461
—2-55! 8,841'
22-82 622687
27-70 22,192!
22-98 044879!
1-18 13,622'
22-44 658501,
9 20 22,354
21-95 680855
—1-95 12,474
21-42 693.329
12-241 5,455
21-34 698784
20-31, 11,251
21 33 710035
Proportion to tliR whole
Population, per cent.
1765
13-35
21-23
8-SS
20-97
5-92
7.945'
717980'
13,928
731908
5,289
20-85 !737 197
22-981 503
6-35
2-96
9-32
5-08
14-41
9-29
23-70
9-39
33-10
9-49
42-60
11-64
54-24
8-41
62-66
6-27
68-93
3-29
72-23
3-97
76-20
2-56
78-77
3-78
82-55
203
84-58
2 82
87-41
-78
88-19
2-57
90-76
•70
91-47
2-68
94-16
1-20
95-36
95-36
•47
95-84
1-64
97-48
1-75
99-24
•75
100-
1790
1840
4-83
2-27'
7-10
3-57
10-68
8-14
18-82
7-09
25-92
8-42
34-34
9-59
43-94
7-01
50-95
6-20
57-15
4-83
61-98
3-95
65-94
2-96
68-91
3-76
72-67
2-45
75-13
4-01
79-14
1-21
80-35
2-35
82-71
2-79
85-51
3-95
89-47
2-39
91-86
-67
92-54
1-61
94-15
1-92
96-08
2-68
98-76
1-14
99-91
-08
2471 10-85!523287 ! 87,121 16-64 610408 127292 20 -85|737700 1 100
100-
12-65
5-29
17-95
5-48
23-43
7-02
30-46
5-51
35-97
9-35
45-33
7-10
52-43
545
57-89
520
6309
5^61
68-71
3-73
72-44
2-42
74-87
2^99
77-86
2-19
80-06
3-14
83-21
1-19
84-40
3-00
87-41
1-84
89-26
3-03
92-29
1-69
93-98
-73
94-72
1-52
96-24
1-07
97-32
1-88
99-21
•71
99-93
•06
100-
66 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSKTTs.
TABLE IX : Part II. — Exhibiting the Population of Massachusetts and its Increase in 25 yean
1765 to 1790, and in each Decennial Period from 1790 to 1840, together rvith the Proporti
H
c
Dicitance
from
Census.
Increase in2.j.vrs.
Census. Increase in 10 jt.s.
Cei:isus. j
ncreasein lOyrs. j
Ranges.
Boitoii,
in miles.
1765
Amt.
Per cl.
1790 ;| Amt.
Per ct.
1800 !
Amt.
Per ct.
309
244149
134638
55-14
378787
44,058!
11-63
422845 149,195
11-63 4
Boston
1
_
15,520
2,800
1802
18,320
6,617
36-11
24,937! i 8,850
35-48
308
.
228629
131838
57-66
360467 37,441|
10-38
397908:40.345
10-13 4
IstK.
7
1 to5
7,249
1,353
18-66
8,602
3,168
36.82
11,770 4^097
34-80
301
over 5
221380
130485
58-94
351865
34,273
9-74
3861.381 36,248
9-38 4
2d
16
5 to 10
12,424
1,129
9-08
13,553
1,986
14-65
15,539:1 4,194
26-99
285
over 10
208956
129356
61-90
338312
32,287
9-54
370599 32,054
8-64 4
3d
19
10 to 15
22,694
8,147
35-89
30,841
3,213
10-41
34,054
5,431
15-91
266
over 15
186262
121209
65-07
307471
29,074
9-45
336545
26,623
7-912
4th
21
15 to 20
22,940
3,9.32
17-14
26,872
dec69
— -25
26,803
1,771
6-60
245
over 20
163322
117277
71-80
280599
29,143
10 38
309742
24,852
8-02 3
5th
29
20 to 25
23,191
8,703
37-52
31,894
747
2-34
32,641
2,220
6-80
216
over 25
140131
108574
77-48
248705,
28,396
11-41
277101
22,632
8-16S
6th
26
25 to 30
28,419
7,939
27-93
36,358
1,315
3 61
37,673
2,700
7-16^
190
over 30
111712
100635
90-08
212347!
27,081
12-75
239428
19,932
8-324
7th
17
30 to 35
20,549
6,013
29-26
26,562 2,457
9-21
29,019
2,748
9-45
173
over 35
91,163
94,622
103-79
185785^1 24,624
13-25
210409
17,184
8-16S
8th
16
35 to 40
15,327
8,180
5402
23,507! 1,602
6-31
25.109
1,278
5-08
157
over 40
75.836
86,442
113-98
162278;' 23,022
14-18
185300
15,906
8-585
9th
16
40 to 45
8,043
10,253
127-47
18,2961
1,731
9-46
20.027
3,761
18-77
141
over 45
67,793
76,189
112-38 143982'
21,291
14-78
165273
12,145
7-34]
lOlh
12
45 to 50
9,708
5,290
54-491 14,998
1.126
7-50
16,124
1,683
10-43
129
over 50
58,085
70,899
122-06:128984
20,165
15-63
149149
10,462
7-21]
nth
10
50 to 55
6,253
4,996
79-89 11,249
807
7-17
12.056
350
■ 2-90
119
over 55
51,832
65,903
127-14ill7735
19,358
16-44
137093
10,112
7-37
12th
13
55 to 60
9.243
5,003
54-12: 14,246
1,524
10 69
15,770
1,637
10-38
106
over 60
42,589
60,900
142-99103489
11,834
17-23
121323
8,475
6-98
13th
11
60 to 65
4,958
4,341
87-55: 9,299
483
5-19
9,782
1.809
18-49
95
over 65
37.631
56,559
150-29194,190
17,351
18-42
111541
6.666
5-97
14th
15
65 to 70
6,895
8,312 120-55; 12,207
3,164
20-74
18,371
387
2 15
80
over 70
30,736
48,247
156-97 78.983,
14,187
17-96
93,170
6,279
6-73
15th
7
70 to 75
1,914 1 2,675
139-75
4,589
1,772
38-61
6.361
192
3-01
73
over 75
28,822 1 45,572
158-11
74,394
12,415
16-68
86,809
6,087
7-01
16th
9
75 to 80
6,283 2,634
41-93 8,917,
1,389
15-57
10.306
888
8 61
64
over 80
22,539'! 42,938
190-50
65.477i
11,026
16-83
76,503
5,199
6-79
17th
S
SO to 85
1,7221 8,872
51521
10,594,
1,363
12-86
11,957
490
4-08
56
over 85
20,817 131,066
163-64
54,883
9,663
17-60
65,546
4,709
7-45
18th
11
85 to 90
6,561
8.436
128-57
14,997
2,790
19 93
17,787
1.717
9-65
45
over 90
14,256
25,630
179 78
39,886
6,873
17-23
46.759
2,992
(> 39
19th
1 1 90 to 95
2,050
6,115
207-28
9,065
3,147
34-71
12.212|
132
108
34 over 95
11,306
19,515
172-60
30,821
3,726
12-08
34,547 i
2,860
8-27
20th
7 95 to 100
.
2,565
.
2,565
1,064
41-48
3.629
1,114
30-69
27i over 100
11,306
16,950
149-92
28,256
2,662
9-42
30.918
1,746
5-64|
21st
8 100 to 105
1,160
4,957
427-32
6,117
1.897
31-01
8,014
830
10-35
19 over 105
in, lie
11.993
118-20
22,139
765
3-45
22.904
916
3-991
22d
6 105 to 1 10
4,ni7
1 3,290
81-92
7,307
267
3-65
7.574
dec92
;-i-2i|
13 over IJO
(),l2f
, 8,703
141-99
14,832
498
3 35
15.330
1,008
1 6-57
23d
7 110toll5
'1,297 ; 5,851
136-35
10,156
478
4-7C
10,634
430
4-04
6 over i 15
1,832 : 2,844
155-24
4,676
20
•42
j 1,696
578
12 30
24th
4 115tol2n
1,832 1 2,516
137-33
4,348
57
1-31
1 4,405
395
8-96
25th
_ '^
> over 120
1 •
:, 328
-
328
dec37
-11-28: 291
183
62-88
■I cent, of the Population in each Range to the nhole number in the State in 1765, 1790 and 1840,
f(^r Farts of the State beyond certain Radial Distances from Boston, by Ranges of 5 miles.
INCREASE IN THK RANGES.
67
Increase in 10 yrs.
Amt. Per ct.
Census.
1820 i
51,247
9,511
41,736
4,082
37,654
3,968
33,686
2,984
30,702
4,100
26,602
6,43l!
20,171
dec82
20,253
1,7191
18,534
2,744|
15,790i
dec96
15,886
4,722
11,164
1,396
9,768
1.498
8.270
1,195
7,075
2,116
4.959
1,342
3.617
2,4.39
1,178
313
865
859
6
396
dec 390
dec 180
dec 2 10
dec 282
72 j
dec560
632
402.
230:
1151
85:
10-85523287
28-14' 43,298
9 -52' 479989
19,949
460040'
23,701
436339
42,469
393870
8-91
20-10
8-36
7-55
8-45
14-34| 32,674
7-891361196
18-44! 41,292
6-72 319904
—•20' 40,291
7-80 279613
5-411 33,486
814 246127
10-39 29,131
7-79 216996
—■40 23,692
8 95 193304|
26-51 22.529'
6-99 170775
11-25 13,802,
6 64 156973
8-60 18,9051
6 37 13S06S'
10-30 12,786'
5 98 12.52821
11-28 20,874!
4-98ll04408
20-4'; 7,895
3-89 96,513
21-7S 13,633
1-45 82.880
2-51 12.7601
1-24:70.120'
4-40 20.303
49,757
12,740
37,017
4,563
32.454
8.562
23,892
6,922
16,970,
11,4661
5,504
4,945J
.559^
Increase in 10 yrs.
Ami. Per ct.
01
3-20
—1-04
—1-85
— -64
—3-18
-31
—7-48
3-86
3-63
4 36
3-02
17-93
87,121
18,094
69,027
7,013
. 62,014
6,921
I 55,093,
2,677
52,416
3,186:
49,230
9,4721
39,75S|
4,915l
34,843|
3,377|
31,466|
4,343!
27,123^
9,030!
18,093i
3,276!
14,817|
1,735
13,082
1,971
11,111,
1,468
9,643
1.532
8.111
1,178
6.933:
3,744
3,169'
702
2,487!
107
2,380l
decl7i
297
2,100
7891
1,311!
87i
1,224
1,326
dec 102
48
lee 150
Census.
1830
Inerease in 10 yrs.
Amt. Per ct.
16.64
41-78
14-38
35-15
13-48
29-20
10-33
6-30
610408
61^392
549016
26,962
522054
30,622
491432'
45,146
13 30 446286|
9-751 35,8601
13-62|410426
2293150,764!
12-42 359662
12-19' 45.206
12-46 314456
10-08 36,863:
12-78 277593'
14-90 33.474
12-49 244119
38-11:32,722
9-35 211397
14-54: 25.805
8-671 185592
12 57 15.53'
8-33 170055
10-42| 20,876
804 149179
11-48! 14,254
7-69 134925
7-33, 22,406
7-76 112519
14-92 9.073
718 10.3446
27-46 17,377
3 81 86.069
5-50 13,462
3-54 72.607
•52 20.470
52.137
12,723
39.414
4.860
34,554
9,351 1
25.203
7,009
18.194
4-78
— 13
6-47
6-50
6 47
9-21
5-48
1-25
7-21
11-56 12,7921
-1-851 5,402|
•97 4,993
-26 83 409!
127292
31,991
95,301
12,075
83,226
9,861
73,365
t),662
66,703
4,847
61,856
18,236
43,620
7,178
36,442
.3,407
1 33,035
I 4,902
28,133
8,731
19,402
1,749
17.653
2.328
15,325
1,235;
14,090
1,930
12,160
825
11,33
dec 232
11,567
4,815
6,752
160
6.592
1,884
4,708
dec 249
4,957
595
4,362
1.900
2.462
936
1,526
1,136
390
296
94
Census.
1840
20-85737700
52-10 93,383
17-35 644317
44-78i 39,037
15 94 605280
32-20 40,483
I4-92I564797
14-75 51,808
14-72 512989
13-51! 40,707
15-07472282
35-92 69,000
12-12 403282
15 87I 52,384
ll-58[350898
9-24! 40.270
11 90310628
14-64' 38 376
11-52 272252
26-68; 41.453
9 17,230799
6 771 27,554
9-5i;203245
14-98 17,865
9-0rl85380
591! 22,111:
9-44|l63269'
13-53! 16,184
147085
23,231
123854
8.841
115013
22,192
92^8211
13,622
79,199
22,354
56,845
12,474
44.371
5,455
9-00
3-68
1007
—2-55
11-18
27-70
7-84
1-18
9 07
9-20
9-03
-1-95
12-57
12-24
Proportion to the whole
Population, per cent.
12-62| 38.916
20-311 11,251
9-76 27,665
13-35 7,945
8 38 19.720
8-88 13.928
7-21 5.792
5-92 5,289
22-98 503
1765 1790 1800
100
6 35
93 64
2-96
90-67
5-08
85-58
9-29
76-29
9-39
66-89
949
57-39
11-64
45-75
8-41
37 33
627
31-06
3-29
27-76
3-97
23-79
2-56
21-22|
3-78
17-44
2 03
15-4l|
2 82!
12-58|
•78!
11-801
2-57I
923|
•70
8-521
2 68|
5-83
1-20
4-63
4-63
•47
4-15
i-U
2-51
1-75
-75
-75
100-
100.
4-83
12-65
95-16
87-34
2^27
5-29
92^89
82-04
3^57
5-48
89^31
76-56
8-14
7-02
81-17
69-53
7-09
5-51
74-07
64-02
8-42
9-35
65-65
54-66
9-59
7-10
56-05
47-56
7-01
5-45
49-04
42-10
6-20
5-20
42-84
36-90
4-83
5-61
38-01
31-28
3-95
3-73
34-05
27-55
2-96
2-42
31-08
25^12
3-76!
2-99
27-32
22-13
2-45
219
24-86i
19-93
4-01
3-14
20-85
16^78
1-21
119
19-64
1559
2-35
300
17-27,
12-58
2-79
1-84
14-48
10-73
3-95!
3-03
10-52
7-70
2-39
1-69
8^13
6-01
•67'
•73
7-45,
5-27
1-61
1-52
5-84
3 75
1-92!
107
3-9i:
2-67
2-68
1-88
1-23|
•78
1-14!
•71
-08
•06
68 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
The object of Table IX. is to exhibit the increase of the
population of Massachusetts, during the twenty-five years
from 1765 to 1790, and during each decennial period since,
by ranges of 5 miles about Boston as a common centre.
It is divided into two parts; the first showing the increase
in the ranges within certain distances from Boston, and the
second the increase in the ranges beyond certain distances.
The brace in the first column of the first part, is used to
indicate that the numbers in the lines against which it is
placed, when added together, produce the numbers in the
line immediately following.
It will fee perceived by inspecting the first part of this
table, that the py-oportion of the population, which, in
Boston, was decidedly greater in 1765 than in 1790, and
but a little more than half what it was in 1840, was greater
in each range in 1765 than in 1790, until we come to the
9th range of 40 to 45 miles, in which it was less^ but beyond
which it was generally less^ but irregularly so. The con-
sequence is, that a greater proportion of the population of
the state was nearer Boston in 1765 than in 1790, and
this continued in the aggregate of all the ranges. On the
contrary, the proportion which in Boston was a little more
than one third in 1790 what it was in 1840, was less to the
range of 10 to 15 miles, and beyond that distance was
irregular compared with that in 1840. And the proportion
of the aggregate in the ranges was greater in every in-
stance in 1765 than in 1790, and was less in every instance
in 1790 than in 1840, being but little more than one third
at the distance of 5 and of 10 miles, &c., showing the ten-
dency to the centralization of the population near Boston
during this half century, while the opposite tendency is
manifest during the twenty-five years before. This is a
remarkable feature in the movement of the population dur-
ing the seventy-five years. The reverse will be found to
have been the case on inspecting the last three columns of
INCREASE IN THE RANGES. 00
the second part, in which the proportion of the aggregate
of the ranges, in every instance, beyond certain distances
from Boston, was less in 1765 than in 1790, and greater in
1790 than in 1840. Thus, the proportions in 176-5, after
passing through the changes of seventy-five years, will be
found to be not materially different in ISIO, except in Bos-
ton, and in the other ranges as aifected by the greater pro-
portion in Boston.
As to the increase of the population during the several
periods specified in Table IX., the proportion from 1765 to
1790 was 55-1458 per cent.^ from which we deduce the
average increase of 19-2054 per cent, in ten years, and of
1-7723 per cent, in each year, while the average increase
from 1790 to 1840, in ten years, was 142606 /?er cent.^ and
in each year 1 -3420 per ce«^., showing a ditference of 4-9404
per cent, in ten years, and of -4303 per cent, in each year.
The average increase in twenty-five years, from 1790 to
1840, was only 39-5541 per cent..^ or 15o9]7 per cent, less
than in the preceding twenty-five years. The average in-
crease of 19.2054 per cent, in ten years, is greater than the
increase in any of the decennial periods except in the last ;
and that would have been only 19-5429 per cent., if 8,000
be deducted from the whole number on account of errors
in enumerating the inhabitants of Boston in taking the
census of 1840.
The increase in Boston from 1705 to 1790, was small,
owing to causes which have been before alluded to. But
the increase Avas chiefly in ranges distant from Boston.
That of the country towns was 131,838, or 57-00 per ce?it. ;
and it was less than the average until we come to the 9th
range of 40 to 45 miles from Boston, having an increase of
127-47 per cent., containing Fitchburg, Westminster, Prince-
ton, Oxford and Rochester, which were increased about 90
per cent., and Ashby, Auburn, Somerset and New Bedford,
incorporated during the period. The increase was great
10
7i) POPULATION OF IMASSACHUSETTS.
in the 14th, loth, 17th, ISth, 19th, 21st, 23cl and 24th
range. It will be obvious, upon comparing the two parts
of Table IX., that the proportion of increase was generally-
greater in the ranges beyond., than in those within certain
distances from Boston. Thus, within thirty miles of Bos-
ton, it was 25*05 per cent., but beyond that distance, 90*08
per cent. ; within forty-five miles 33*14per cent., but beyond
that distance, 112*38 /?er cent.; within sixty miles, 36*58
j^er cent.., but beyond that distance, 142*99 per cent.. &c.
The increase in the ranges during the five decennial pe-
riods from 1790 to 1840, was very different from that during
the twenty-five preceding years. Boston takes the lead of
all the ranges during each of these periods, except during the
first period, the proportion in the contiguous towns was
greater, in consequence of enumerating with Chelsea, in
1800, certain islands which, in the other censuses, were
enumerated with Boston, and except that in the 15th range,
in which it was a little greater ; and except also that in the
25th range during the second period.
It will also be perceived that from 1790 to 1840, the in-
crease of the proportion in the ranges within^ was generally
much larger than beyond the radial distances from Boston,
which is the reverse of what it was from 1765 to 1780,
showing a marked difference in the form of the increase,
during the first third and the last two thirds of the seventy-
five years.
The proportion of the increase in the ranges during the
five decennial periods was various and irregular.
We have before remarked upon the comparative increase
of the population of the agricultural and manufacturing
towns in this Commonwealth, — the increase of the one
and the decrease of the other. A movement somewhat
similar, has been going on in some of the other states, as
will appear from the following view of the New England
states.
INCREASE IN THE RANGES.
Population of the New Englafid States.
71
STATES
Census.
1820
Increase in 10 yrs.
Census. Increa.se in 10 yrs. Census.
Amount.
Percent.
1830 ;Amonnt.:Percent. 1840
Maine, ....
New Hampshire,
MassarliiiKOtts, •
Khodc Island, -
Connecticut,
Vermont, ....
29^,335
2-14,161
523,2.S7
83,059
275,202
235,764
101,1-20
2.-., 167
87,121
14.140
22,473
44,888
.33-8947
10 3075
16-64S7
17-0210
8-1660
19-0393
1 1
399,4.55 102,33s 25-6194' .'">01,793
269,32-i 15,^:16 56607, 2-vl,574
G10,40> 127,292 208.535, 7.37,700
97,109 11.631 11 -9(561 rO-^,,'<30
297,675 12,303 4i:!30 a)0,97S
280,652 11,296 4 0249 291,9-lB
Total, ....
1,659,808
294.909
17-7736 1,951,717 280,106| 14-3297 2.2:M,823
During both periods, Maine, having an extensive agri-
cultural territory, was the only one of these states which
sustained an increase of population nearly equal to that of
the average increase in the United States; but the propor-
tion of its increase during the second of these periods, was
less than during the first, while in Massachusetts alone,
most obviously affected by its manufactures, the reverse
was the case. In New Hampshire, very much an agricul-
tural state, the proportion was diminished almost one half.
From 1830 to 1840, Cheshire county lost 587 inhabitants ;
the increase in Dover, Nashua and Manchester was nearly
two thirds of the whole increase of the state, and there
was a decrease in a large number of the agricultural towns.
In Rhode Island and Connecticut, both extensively en-
gaged in manufacturing, the proportion was reduced from
nearly 4 to 5 per cent; and in Vermont, an agricultural
state, it was reduced to nearly a fifth part in the second
period. In Rhode Island, from 1830 to 1840, Washington
county lost 1,087 inhabitants; and the increase in Provi-
dence county, including the city of Providence, amounted
to within 676 of the whole increase of the state. In Con-
necticut, two counties out of eight decreased, and one Iut
creased only 35 inhabitants, from 1830 to 1840 ; and in
Vermont, an agricultural state, six counties out of thirteen
decreased, while one increased only 6 inhabitants, there be-
ing one new county formed out of the other counties during
72
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
these ten years. The increase of the whole population of
New England, from 1820 to 1830, was 17-7736 'per cent.,
and from 18.30 to 1840, lA-3297 per cent., or 3- AA39 per cefii.
less. The aggregate increase of New Hampshire, Rhode
Island, Connecticut and Vermont, in the first ten years,
was 12*7260 per cent., and in the last, only 5-3422 per cent.
It seems from this that the agricultural population of at
least five of the states in New England, has, especially in
the last decennial period, either remained stationary or de-
creased ; and we shall find that a similar effect is going on
in New York and some of the states further south, as Del-
aware, Virginia, North and South Carolina. The increase
of the population of New York, from 1820 to 1830, was 39"
7575 per cent., and from 1830 to 1840, only 26.5980 per cent.
It appears from the state census of New York, taken in
1845, compared with that taken in 1835, that the increase
of the population in these ten years was from 2,174,517 to
2,604,495, or 429,978, being 19-77 per cent. Of this in-
crease, 294,068, or 25-40 per cent., were in counties east of
the eastern boundary of Oneida county, containing New
York city. Long Island and the towns on the Hudson river,
and 135,910, or 13-36 per cent, only, were in counties Avest
of the above boundary, which were occupied very much
by an agricultural population. These results indicate a
similar movement in New York, to what has been going
on in Massachusetts.*
The increase of the four states mentioned, south of New
York, was as follows :
STATES.
Census.
1820
Increase in 10 yrs.
Census.
1830
Increase in 10 yrs.
Census.
Amount.
Percent.
Amount. jPer cent.
1840
Delaware, - . - .
Virginia, ....
North Carolina, -
South Carolina, -
72,749
1,065,379
638,829
502.741
■
3,999
f46,026
99,158
78,444
5-4969
13-7064
15-5218
15-60.32
76,748
1,211,405
737,987
581,185
1,337 1-7420
2.8.392 2-3437
15;432; 20910
13,209] 2-2727
78.0.'55
1,239,797
7,-)3,419
5M,394
Total, - - . .
2,279,69-?
327,627
14-3715
2,607,325
58,370; 2-238612,665,695
*See Fisher's National Magazine and Inilustrial Record, Vol. III., p. 231, &c.
INCREASIi IN THE RANGES.
73
111 New Jersey and Pennsylvania, in wliicii there is a
large mannfactnring as well as agricultnral interest, the
result has been as follows :
STATES.
Census. Increase in 10 yrs
Census.
1830
[ncrca.'sc in 10 yrs.
Census.
1R20 Amount.
Percent.
Amount
Percent
1840
New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, .
277,575 43,218
1,049,458 293,775
15-5^(16i 320,P2.3
2S-46941 1,348,233
.52,483
373,d00
16-3.5'«
27 ■6735
373,306
1,724,033
Total,
1,. 327,0.3.3 .342,023
25-7735 1,609,0.56
42S,283
25-6600| 2,097.339
In 1820, the population of Maryland was 407,350, and
the increase in ten years, 39,690 or 9-7434 per cent. ; in
1830 its population was 447,040, and the increase in the
ten years, 22,979 or 5-1402 per cent.., making its population
470,019 in 1840.
It seems from what has been stated, that, as a general
conclusion, we may view the history of the popvilation of
this Commonwealth thus far, as follows : In the first age
of our history, the people dispossessed the aboriginal race
of the soil, subdued the forest, and converted it into fruit-
ful fields, and divided the land into farms of a size which
suited their notions of what was necessary for a livelihood.
This was done about the close of the revolutionary war, or
as early as 1790, when most of the land was taken up.
Since that time agriculture has remained nearly stationary;
and the population, according to the censuses, increased
for a series of years but slowly, while most of the sur-
plus emigrated to other states. This state of things,
prompting to emigration, existed till about the year 1S20,
when a new field of industry, promising more agreeable
means of support, was opened by manufactures, which
have since detained many at home, and attracted others
from abroad into this Commonwealth. Similar processes
have commenced in most of the other states in New Eng-
land, and in some of the other states in the Union, as
appears from the preceding statements.
74
POPULATION
OF MASSACHUSETTS
•
TABLE X :
Part I. — Exhibiting the Increase of the Population of Massachusetts, in Periods of\
Distances from Boston 1
Increase in 20 years.
Incrc
i
Distance
From 179010 1 810
1
From 1800 to 1829 From 1810 to 1830
From 1820 to ISIO]
From 1790 to
Raages.
H
from
Boston,
1
,
d
in miles.
Amt.
Per ct.
Amt.
Per ct. i Amt.
Per ct.
Amt.
Per ct.
Amt. j Pe
Boston
1
.
15,467
84-42
18,361
73-221 27,605
81-70 50,085
115-67
24,978 13i
IstR.
7
1 to 5
7,265
84-48
8,179
69-49: 11,095
69-92, 19.088
95-68
11,347
13:
8
5
22,732
84-43
26,540
72-30; 38,700
77-93: 69,173
109-36
36,325
13
2d
16
5 to 10'
6,180
45-59
8,162
52-52 10,889
55-18; 16,782
70-80i 10,148
7
24
10,
28,912
71-43
34,702
64 42
49,589
71-46' 85,955
98-85i 46,473
11
3d
19
10 to 15!
8,644
28-02
8,415
43,117
24-71
5,661
14-33 9,339
21-991 11,628
3
43
15|
37,556
52-66
49-96 55,250
50-74' 95,294
72-86J 58,101
8
4 th
21
15 to 20|
1,702
6-33
5,871
21-90 7,286
25-49 8,033
24-58! 5,802
2
64
20'
39,258
39-98
48,988
43-31162,536
45-49 103327
63-74.63.903
6
5th
29
20 to 25:
2,967
9-30
8,651
26-501 15,903
45-61 27,708
67-10' 9,398
2
93
25[
42,225
32-46
57,639
39-54 78,439
45-52 131035
64-42 73,301
5
6th
26
25 to 30
4,015
11-04
2,618
6-94 4,833
11-97 12,093
30-01
3,933; 1|
119
30
46,240
27-73
60,257
32-85 83,272
39-15 143128
58-73
77,234
4
7th
17
30 to 35
5,205
19-59
4,467
15-39 5,096
16-04i 6,784
20-25
6,924
2
136
35
51,445
26-65
64,724
30-46 83,368
36-15149912
54-08
84,158
4
Sth
16
35 to 40
2,880
12-25
4,022
16-01
7,087
26-85 9,245
31-73
5,624
2
152
40
54,325
25-09
68.746
28-94
95,455
35-17 159157
51-96
89,782
4
9th
16
40 to 45
5,492
30-01
3,665
18-30
8,934
37 55i 17,761
74-96
5.396
2
168
45
59,817
25-47
72,411
28-11
104389
35-431176918
53-61i 95,17^ 4|
10th
12
45 to 50
2,809
18-72
6,405
39-72
7.998
44-91
5,025
22-30
7,031 5|
180
50
62,626
25-07
78,816
28-79
112387
35-97
181943
51-32
102709
4
11th
10
50 to 55
1,157
1028
1,746
14-48
3,131
25-23
4,063
29-43
2,553
2
190
55
63,783
24-43
80,562
28-19
115518
35-56
186006
50-77
105262
4
12th
13
55 to 60
3,161
22-18
3,135
19-87
3,469
19-92
3,206
16-95
4,659
3
203
60
66,944
24-31
83,697
27-75
118937
34-76
189212
49-11
109921
3
13th
11
60 to 65
2,292
24-64
3,004
30-70
2,663
22-97
3,398
26-57
3,497
3
214
65
69,236
24-32
86,701
27-85
121650
34-38
192610
48-39
113418
3
14th
15
65 to 70
3,551
23 35
2,503
13-62
3,648
'19-45
2,357
11-29
5,657
3
229
70
72,787
24-27
89,204
27-05
125298
33-62
194967
46-54
119075
3
15th
7
70 to 75
1,964
42-79
1,534
2411
2,520
38-45
946
11-98 3,306
7
236
75
74,751
24-55
90,738
27-00
127818
33-71
195913
45-90 122381
4
16th
9
75 to 80
2,277
25-53
3,327
32-28
6,183
55-23
8,559
62-78
4,716
5
245
80
77,028
24-58
94,065
27-15
134001
34-32
204472
46-42
127097
4
17th
8
80 to 85 i
1.853
17 49
803
6-71
1,015
8-15
862
6-74
2,166
253
85 1
78,881
24-35
94,868
26-47
135016
33-52
205334
4531
129263
3
18th
11
85 to 901
4,507
30-05
2,576
14-48
966
4-95
1,991
9-77
5,366
3
264
90 i
83,388
24-60
97,444
25-91 135982
32-21
207325
43-78
134629
3
19th
11
90 to 95
3,279
36-17
528
4-32| 379
3-07
dec 266
—2-08
3,675
4
275
95
86,667
24-33
97,972
25-23 136361
31-37
207059
42-58
138304
3
20th
7
95 to 100
2,178
84-90
934
25-73 117
2-46
892
19-54
1,998
7
282
100
88,845
25-34
98,906
25-23 136478
31-06
207951
42-36
110302
4
2Lst
8
100tol05
2.727
44-58
548
6-831 507
5-73
2,689
31-40
2,445
3
290
105
9i;572
25-95
99,454
24-89 136985
30-56
210640
42-17
142747
4
22d
6
lOStollO
175
2-39
dec 652
—8-60 dec473
—6-32
1,023
14-76
dec 385
—
296
110
91,747
25-20
98,802
24-24 136512
29 95
211663
41-80
1423ti2
2
23d
7
110toll5
908
8-94
832
7-82
1,728
15-61
2,462
21-47
1,310
1
303
115
92,655
24-76
99,634
23-82
138240
29-61
214125
41-35
143672
3
24th
4
115tol20
452
10-39
540
12-25
193
402
344
6-95
597
1
307
120
93,107
24-60
100174
23-70
138433
29-35
214469
-41-02
144269
3
25th
2
120tol25
146
44-51
268
92-09
dec(i5
-13-71
dec56
10-01
231
7
Total,
309
125
93,253
24-62
100442
23-75
138368
29-31
214413
40-97
144500
3
INCREASE IN
THE RANGES
75
), 50 cmd 15 years, frovi ni)5 to IS AO, fur Farts of the State, within certain lladial
es of 5 jniles.
) years*
Increase iu 40 years* In. iu 50 ys.
In* iu T3 ya.
800 to 1830
From 1810 to 1840
From 1790 to 1830 From 1800 to 1840
j
From 1790 to 1840
From 1765 to 1840
Per ct.
Anil.
Per ct.
Amt.
Per ct. Amt.
Per ct.
Amt.
Per ct.
Amt.
Per ct.
)5 146-18 59,596
176-38
43,072
235-10 68,446
274-47
75,063
409-731
77,863
501-71
)2 129-07! 23,170
146-02
18.360
213-43 27,267
231-66
30,435
353-81I
31,788
438-51
17 140-70 82,766
106-68
6i;432
228-33| 95,713
260-74
105498
39186|
109651
481-58
i3 97-06 20,750
105-15
17,069
125-94 24,944
160-52
26,930
198-70
28,059
225-84
!0 127-72[103516
149-18
78,501
193-94120657
230-94
132428
327-ls!
137710
391-29
)2 32-58
12,323
31-20
14,305
46-38j 17,754
52-13
20,967
67-98
29,114
128-28
2 90-17
115839
106-39
92,806
130-13
138411
160-38
153395
215-09!il66824
288-18
7 33-79
12,133
42-46
8,988
33-44
13,904
51-87
13,835
51-11 1 17,767
77-44
9 76-81
127972
93-10
101794
103-67
152315
134-66
167230
170-31 184591
228-37
3 55-52
34,139
97-90
18,870
59-16
36,359
111-39
37,106
116-34 45,809
197-52
2 72-04
162111
94-06
120664
92-75
188674
129-45
204336
157-08
230400
221-50
3 19-99
12,011
29-75
8,848
24-33
14,711
41-70
16,026
44-07
23,965
84-32
5 61-35
174122
81-87
129512
77-81
203385
110-88
220362
132-39
254365
192-06
4 27-03
8,503
26-76
10,301
38-77
11,251
38-77
13,708
51-60
19,721
95-97
3
9 56-66
182625
74-70
139813
72-44
214636! 101-03
234070
121-27
274086
179-15
5 33-31
11,989
45-43
9,967
42-40
13,267
52-83
14,869
63 25
23,049
150-38
]
4 54-19
194614
71-85
149780
69-17
227903
95-94
248939
114-97
297135
176-53
:
5 63-38
17,665
74-26
14,426
78-84
21,426
106-98
23,157
126-56
33,410
415-39
i
9 51-03
212279
72-05
164206
69'93|249329! 96-79
272096
115 88
330545
187-43
1 60-04
9,747
54-73
10,807
72-05
11,430
70-88
12,556
83-71
17,846
183-82
5521
222026
71-06
175013
70-06
260759
95-27
284652
113-55
348391
187-24
1 28-87
5,459
44-00
4,288
3811
5,809
48-18
6,616
58-81
11,612
185-70
1 54-10
227485
70-03
179301
68-68
266568
93-28
291268
111-57
360003
187-19
[
6 32-37
4,704
27-02
6,630
46-53
6,341
40-20
7,865
55-20
12,868
139-22
c
7 52-96
232189
67-84
185931
67-53
272909
9051
299133
108-65
372871
184-99
/
2 45-71
4,593
38-76
4,955
53-28
6,402
65-44
6,885
74-04
11,226
226-42
J
9 52-73
236782
66-91;
190886
67-07
279311
89-72
306018
107-52
384097
185-98
3
5 21-96
4,473
23-84'
7,199
47-34
4,860: 26-45
8,024
52-76
16,336
236-92
4 51-02
241255
64-75
198085
66-07
284171 86-19
314042
104-74
400433
187-63
2 42-63
2,288
34-91
4,484
97-71
2,4801 38-98
4,252
92-65
6,927
361-91
6 50-86
243543
64-23
202569
66-54
28665 ll 85-30
318294
104-56
407360
189-18
3
1 68-61
10,998
98-24
8,460
94-86
11,886 115-33
13,275' 148-87
15,909
253-20
7 51-39
254541
65-21
211029
67-35
298537
86-19i
331569' 105-82
423269
190-99
5 12-58
1,175
9-44
2,868
27-07
1,665
13-92
3,028' 28-58
11,900
691-05
2 50-09
255716
63-48,
213897
66-03
300202
83-78
334597' 103-30
435169
194-85
3 15-08
2,850
14-61
5,473
36 42
4,567
25-67
7,357 49-72'
15,793
240-71
j5 48-44
258566
61-22
219370
64-72
304769
81-03
341954 100-60
450962
196-16
1 4-18
130
1-05
3,658
40-35
262
2-14
3,409 37-60
9,524
322-84
fe 47-05
258696
59-52
223028
64-09|205031
52-80
345363 99-25.
460486
197-76
1 33-92
712
15-01
2,295
89-23
1,826
50-30
2.890 112-67|
5,455
-
7 46-92
259408
59-04
225323
64-25
306857
78-26
348253 99-35j
465941
200-10
i
7 16-68
2,407
27-21
3,234
52-861 3,237
40-32
5,134 83 98
10,091
869-91
4 46-32
261815
58-43
228557
64-08:310094
77 53
353387 99-08
476032
203-42
5 —7-45
463
6-18
dec298| — 4-07| 371
4-89
638 8-77
3,928
97-78
c
9 45-32
262278
57-55
228259
62-711310465
76-18
354025 97-27
479960
201-64
8 20-29
2,864
25-88
2,636
25-95i 3,294
30-97
3,772 37-14
9,631
224-13
7 44-68
265142
56-80
230895
61-71 1313759
75 03
357797 95-63
489591
202-04
8 13-34
489
1018
645
14-83 884
20-06
941 21-64
3,457
188-70
i
5 44-36
265631
56-32
231540
61-17'314643
74-47
358738
94-78'
493048
201-94
1
B 40-54
29
6-11
81
24-69 212
72 85
175
55 03
503
.
3 44-35
265660
56-27
231621
61-14 314855' 74-46)
358913
94-75:
493551
202-15
" i
1
i
i
76
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TABLE
X : Part II. — Exhibiting the Increase of the Population of Massachusetts, in Periods of \
i
Distances from Boston]
t"
Increase in 20 yearst
Incr«
K
Distance
1 ' 1
From 1790 to ISlOlFrom 1800 to 1820 From 1810 to 1830|From 1820 to 1840
From 1790 to
li^
R
e3
from
Boslon, 1
1
1 1
xvan^ca.
1
O
in miles.
Amt.
Per ct.
Amt.
Per ct. 1 Amt.
Per ci.
Amt.
Per ct.
Amt. Pe
'
.
309
,
93,253
24-62
100442
23-75 138368
29-3l!214413
40-97
144500 3.
r
Boston
1
15,467
84-42
18,361
73-221 27,605 81-701 50,0851
115-67
24,978 13
i-
308
-
77,786
21-57
82,081
20-62110763 25-27 164328|
34-23
119522 3
.'
IstR.
7
1 to5
7,265
84-48
8,179
69-49 11,095 69-92
19.088
95-68
11.347 13
301
over 5
70,521
20-04
73,902
19-13,99,668 23-59
145240
31-57
108175 3
2d
16
5 to 10
6,180
45-59
8,Ui2
52-52: 10,889 55-18
16,782
70 80
10.148 7
285
over 10
64,341
1901
65,740
17-73, 88,779 22-04
126458
29-43
98.027 2
3d
19
10 to 15
8,644
28-02
8,4151
24-71! 5,66l! 14-33
9,339
21-99
1 1,628 3
266
over 15
55,697
18-11
57,3251
17-03i 83,118: 22 88
119119
30-24
86,399 2
4th
21
15 to 20
1,702
6-33 5,871|
21-90 7.286 25-49
8,033
24-58
5.802 2
245
over 20
53,995
19-24
51,454
16-6175,832 22-66
111086
30-75
80,597 2
*•
5th
29
20 to 25
2,967
9-30
8,651
26-50| 15,903' 45-61
27,708
67-10
9,398 2
216
over 25
51,028
20-51
42,803 15-44 59,929 19-99' 83,378
25-09
71,199 2
6th
26
25 to 30
4,015
11-04
2,618 6-94
4,833 11-97
12,093
30-01
3,933 1
190
over 30
47,013
2213
40,185 16-78
55,096 21-24
71,285
25-49
67,266 2
7th
17
30 to 35
5,205
19-59
4,467
15-39
5,096 l(i 04
6,784
20-25
6,924
:i
173
over 35
41,808
22-50
35,718
16-97
50,000
21-96
64.501
26 20
60,342
.:-
8th
16
35 to 40
2,880
12-25
4,022
16-01
7,087
26-85
9,^45
31-73
5,624
;■
157
over 40
38,928
23-98
31,696
17-10
42,913
21-32
55,256
25-46
54,718
9th
16
40 to 45
5,492
30-01
3,665
18-30
8,934
37-55
17,761
74-96
5,396
141
over 45
33,436
23-22
28,031
16-96
33,979
1915
37,495
19-39
49,322
lOih
12
45 to 50
2,809
18-72
6,405
39-72
7,998
44-91
5,025
22-30
7.531
129
over 50
30,627
23-74
21,626
14-49
25,981
16-27
32,470
19-01
41,791
i
11th
10
50 to 55
1,1.57
10-28
1,746
14-48
3,131
25 23
4,063
2943
2,553
t
119
over 55
29,470
25-03
19,880
14-50
22,850
14-77
28,407
18-09
39,238
i:.
12th
13
55 to 60
3,161
22-18
3,135
19-87
3,469
19-92
3,206
16-95
4,659
L>i
106
over 60
26,309
25-42
16,745
13-80
19,381
14-93
25,201
18-25
34,579
5-
13th
11
60 to 65
2,292
24-64
3,004
30-70
2,663
22-97
3,398
26-57
3,497
r.
95
over 65
24,017
25-49
13,741
12-31
16,718
1413
21,803
17-40
31,082
h
14th
15
65 to 70
3,551
23-35
2,503
13-62
3,648
19-45
2,357
11-29
5,657
r
80
over 70
20,466
25-91
11^238
12-06
13,070
13-14
19,446
18-62
25,425
:,
15th
7
70 to 75
1 1,964
42-79
1,534
24-11
2,520
38-45
946
11-98
3,306
'
73
over 75
18,502
24-87
9,704
11-17
10,550
11-35
18,500
19-16
22,119
K
16th
9
75 to 80
1 2,277
25-53
3,327
32-28
6,183
55-23
8,559
62-78
4,716
!1
64
over 80
16,225
24-77
6,377
8-33
4,367
5-34
9,941
11-99
17,403
((
17th
8
80 to 85
[ 1,853
17-49
803
6-71
1,015
8-15
8()2
6-74
2,166
h
56
over 85
14,372
26-18
5,574
8-63
3,352
4-84
9,079
12-94
15,237
I
18th
11
85 to 90
4,507
30-05
2,576
14-48
966
4-95
i;991
9-77
5,366
f:
45
over 90
9,865
24-73
2,998
6-41
2,386
4-79
7,088
14-24
9,871
r-
19th
11
90 to 95
3,279
36-17
528
4-32
379
307 dec 266
—2-08
3,675
i;
34 over 95
6,586
21-36
2,470
7-14
2,007
5-36 7,354
19-86
6,196
f
20th
7 95 to 100
2,178
84-90
934
25-73
117
2-46 892
19-54
1,998
t;
27 over 100
4,408
15-60
1,536
4-96
1,890
5-78
6,462
19-91
4,198
I
21st
8 100tol05
2,727
44-58
548
6-83
507
5-73
2,689
31-40
2,445
f
19 over 105
1,681
7-5C
988
4-31
1,383
5 -SO
3.773
15-79
1,753
S
22d
6 105toll0
175
2-39
dec 652
—8-60
dec 473
—6-32
1,023
14 76!idec385
_
>
13 over 110
i,5or
10-15
1,640
10-69
1,856
11-36
2,750
16-20
2,138
^^
23d
7 110toll5
908
8-91
832
7-82
1,728
15-61
2,462
21-47
1,310
ii
() over 1 15
598
12-78
808
17-20
128
2-42
288
5-23
828
24th
4 115 to 120
452
10-39
540
12-25
193
4-02
344
6-95
597
f^
25th
2 over 120
14(
44-51
268
92-09
dec65
-13-71
dec56
-10-01
231
11
INCREASE IN THE RANGESi,
77
iO, 50 and 15 years, from 1165 to 1840, /or Parts of the State, beyond certain Radial
nges of 5 mihs.
30 years.
m 1800 to 18:30 From 1810 to 1840
Per ct. Ami.
44-35 '265H()0
146-i8| 59,596
37-97I20G064
129-07} 23,170
32-60!l82894
97-061 20,750
32-60'16214l
32-5Si 12,323
32-901149821
33-791 12,133
32-501137688
55-52134,139
29-79,103549
19-99! 12,011
31-33! 91,538
27-03 8,503
Per ct.
Increase in 40 yearst
31-93
33-31
31-74
63-38
83,035
11,989
71,046
17,665
27-90 53,381
60-04 9,74
24-43: 43,634
28-87
24-04
32-37
5,459
38,175
4,704
22-96 33,471
45-7J 4,593
20-96^ 28.878
21-961 4.473
20-76; 24,405
42-63i 2,288
19-161 22,117
68-6li 10,998
12-50| 11,119
12-581 1,175
12-48
15-08,
11-50:
4-18'
14-08
33-92
11-76
16-68
10-03
—7-45
18-68
20-29
1503
1334
40-54
9,944
2,850
7,094
130
6,964
712
6,252
2,407
3,845
463
3.382
2,864
518
489
29
11
56-27
176-38
47-01
146-02
43-30
105-15
40-26
31-20
41-25
42-46
41-15
97-90
34-54
29-75
35 29
26-76
36-44
45-43
35-31
74-26
30-08
54-73
27-33
44-00
25-93
27-02
25-86
38-76
24-43
23-84
24-54
34-91
23-80
98-24
13-60
9-44
14-35
14-61
14-25
1-05
18-61
15-01
19-14!
27-21'
16-14
6-18
20-70
25-88
9-82
10 IS
6-11
From 1790 to 1830 From 1800 lo 1840
Amt.
Per ct. Amt.
231621
43,072
188549
18,360
170189
17,069
153120
14,305
138815
8,988
129827
18,870
110957
8,848
102109
10,301
91,808
9,967
81,841
14,426
67,415
10,807
56,608
4,288
52,320
6,630
45,690
4,955
40,735
7,199
33,536
4,484
29,052
8,460
20,592
2.86R
17,721
5,473
12,251
3,658
8,593
2,295
6,298
3,234
3,064
dec 298
3,362
2,636
726
645
81
61-14314855
235-10168,446
52 30;246409
213 43 27,267
48-36!219142
125-94! 24,944
45 -25 1194198
46 38! 17,754
45-14ll76444
33-44 13,904
46-261162540
59-16 36,359
Per ct.
44-61
24-33
48-08
38 77
49-41
42-40
50-45
78-84
46-82
72-05
43-88
38-11
44-43
46-53
44 14
53-28
43-24
47 34
42-46
97-71
126181
14,711
111470
11,251
100219
13,267
86,952
21,426
65.526
11^430
54,096
5,809
48,287
6,341
41,946
6,402
35,544
4,860
30,684
2_4R0
In. in 50 ys.
From 1790 to 1840
Amt.
Per ct.
In. in 75 ys.
From 1765 to 1840
Amt.
39-05 28,204
94-86 11,886
31-44 16,318
27-07, 1,665
32 29 14,653
36-42 4,567
30-72 10,086
40-35 262
27-88 9,824
89-23
22-28
52-86
13-83
—4 07
22 12
25-95
15-52
14-83
24-69
1,826
7,998
3,237
4,761
371
4,390
3,294
1,096
884
212
74-46
274-47
61-92
231-66
56-75
160-52
52-40
5213
52-42
51-87
52-47
111-39
45-53
41-70
46-55
38-77
47-63
52-83
46-92
106-98
39-64
70-88
36-26
48-18
35-22
40-20
34-57
6544
31-86
26-45
32-93
38-98
32-48
115-33
21-32
13-92
22-70
25-67'
21-571
2-14'
28-43
50-30
25-86
40-32
20-82
4-89
28-63
30-97
23-33
20-06
72-85
358913
75,063
283850
30,435
253415
26,930
226485
20,967
205518
13,835
191683
37,106
154577
16,026
138551
13,708
124843
14,869
109974
23,157
86,817
12,556
74,261
6,616
67,645
7,865
59,780
6,885
52,895
8,024
44,871
4,252
40,619
13,275
27,344
3,028
24,316
7,357
16,959
3,409
13,550
2,890
10,660
5,1
5,526
638
4,888
3,772
1,116
941
175
94-75
409-73:
78-74'
353-81!
72-02
198-70
66-94
67-98
66-84,
51-11
68-31
116-34
62-15
44-07
65-24
51-60
67-19
63-25
67-75
126-56
60-29
83-71
57-65
58-81
57-45
55-20
57-76
74-04
56-15
52-76
56-81
92-65
54-60
148-87
41-76
28-58
43-51
49-72
42-56
37-60
43-96
112-67
37-72
83-98
24-96
8-77
32-95
37-14
23-86
21-64
5503
493551
77,863
415688
31,788
383900
28,059
355841
29,114
326727
17,767
308960
45,809
263151
23,965
239186
19,721
219465
23,049
196416
[33,410
163006
17,846
145160
11,612
133548
12,868
120680
11,226
109454
16,336'
93,118!
6,927,
86,191i
15,909
70,282
11,900
58,382
15,793
42,589
9.524
33,065
5,455
27,610
10,091
17,519
3,928
13,591 1
9,631'
3,960
3,457
503
Per ct.
202- 15
501-71
181-81
438-51
173-41
225S4
170-29
128-28
175-41
77-44
189-11
197-52
187-78
84-32
214-10
95-97
240-73
150-38
259-00
415-39
240-44
183-82
249-90
185-70
257-65
139-22
283-35
226-42
290-86
236-92
302-96
361-91
299-04
253-20
311-82
691-05
280-45
240-71
298-74
322-84
292-45
244-20
869-91
172-66
97-78
221-74
224-13
216-15
188-70
78 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
Table X. exhibits the increase of the population in the
several ranges of towns within and beyond certain radial
distances from Boston, from 1765 to 1840. It will be per-
ceived that the increase, though various both in the ranges
and in the periods, was generally greater in the more dis-
tant ranges, and less in and near Boston, during the first
twenty-five years, (Table IX.) while the reverse took
place during the last fifty years.
During the fifty years from 1790, the average increase in the
state being 100, the increase of Boston was 432per cent. ; that
in the contiguous towns 373 per cent., and in the 2d range
20^ per cent.; in the 5th range, embracing Lowell, 122 per
cent. ; in the 9th range, embracing Fitchburg, Fall River
and New Bedford, 133 per cent. ; in the 16th range, em-
bracing Springfield, 157 j)er cent. ; and in the 20th range,
embracing 7 towns incorporated during the period, 118 per
cent. In all the other ranges the increase was less than
the average during the fifty years.
But in consequence of the different localities in the in-
crease from 1765 to 1790, the result of the movement of
the population in the ranges, from 1765 to 1840, has been,
that the increase in Boston was nearly 2-1 times the aver-
age in the state; in the contiguous towns, twice; in the
2d range a little more than the average ; in the 5th range,
nearly the average ; in the 9th range, twice; in the 16th
range, 1| times ; in the 20th range, the towns were not
specified in the census of 1765. There was more than an
average increase in the 13th, 14th, 15th, 17th, ISth, 19th,
21st, 23d and 25th ranges, and in the rest less than the
average.
During the twenty-five years from 1765 to 1790, the in-
crease of the population was greater in parts distant from
Boston ; but during the fifty years from the first census of
the United States, it was greater i)i and wear Boston, show-
ing a tendency to a centralization of the population in and
near the capital of the Commonwealth.
INCREASE IN THE RANGES.
79
This tendency to a centralization of the population in
and near Boston, is further manifest by the fact that the
radius of the circle which embraced one half of the j)opida-
tion of the state^ was contracted about C miles, or from 35
to about 29 miles, during the fifty years from 1790 to 1840.
It will be perceived that the radius of this circle was even
shorter in 1765 than in 1S40, that is, half the population
of Massachusetts was nearer Boston in 1765 than in 1840.
In 1765, 10,362| more than half of the population, or 4-24
per cent, more, were within 30 miles, and in 1840, only
17,952, or 2-43 ^jer cent. more. This will appear from the
following view of the seven censuses, in which the difier-
ence is marked thus -|-, when more than half of the popu-
lation was within 30 miles of Boston, and thus — when it
is less.
1763
1840
Population, -
Half, -
Number with-
in 30 miles,
Difference, -
" per ct. -
344,149
122,074.}
373,737
189,393*'
422,-^3
21i;422i
132,437 i 166,440 183,417
+10,362* —22,933+ —23,005+
+ 4-24 '— 6-05 I— 6-62
472.010
236,020
212.6.30
2:3,.540
4-91
523,237
261,643^
610,403
305,204
737,700
363,850
243.674 I 295,952 386,802
— 17,969J — 9.2:52+ 17,952
— 343 I— 151|+ 243
Thus, the proportion of the increase during the thirty-five
out of the seventy-five years, was decidedly greater in
places over 30 miles, and during the last forty years de-
cidedly less than in places within 30 miles of Boston. '
In 1790, the circle with a radius of 35 miles, embraced
193,002 inhabitants, or 3.608| more than half; and in
1800, only 212,436, or 1,013|- more than half, a result
showing this circle to have been a little extended from 1790
to 1800. During this decennial period, the more distant
part of the Commonwealth increased in greater proportion
than Boston and the ranges near it, the causes of which
are probably to be traced to the continued inducements to
settle the western parts of the state for agricultural pur-
80 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
poses, while no encouragements were held out to detain
the surplus population in the eastern and more central
parts.
In 1810, the circle with a radius of 35 miles, embraced
244,447 inhabitants, or 8,427 more than half, of whom
6,656 belonged to 5 towns 35 miles from Boston, so that
the circle with a radius of 34 miles, embraced 337,791 in-
habitants, or 1,771 more than half. During the ten years
from 1800 to 1810, the increase of the population of the
state was very nearly the same as in the preceding decade ;
but the tendency to an accumulation near the central parts
became manifest. Emigration to other states continued to
absorb a large portion of the surplus population in this de-
cennial period, and will be manifest to a still greater de-
gree in the following. A few years before 1820, the influ-
ence of the manufacturing interest seems to have operated
in detaining the population within the Hmits of the Com-
monwealth. Afterwards it will be seen to have been much
greater.
During the ten years from 1810 to 1820, the increase of
the population was less than in either of the other decades,
amounting to only 1085 />er cent, in the whole state ; still
this tendency to a centralization of the population in and
near Boston, manifests itself; so that in 1820, the circle
with a radius of 35 miles embraced 277,160 inhabitants, or
15,516| more thari half, of whom 6,895 belonged to 5
towns 35 miles from Boston, reducing the number within
34 miles to 270,265, or 8,621^ more than half, of whom
5,592 belonged to 2 towns, reducing the number within 33
miles to 264,673 inhabitants, or 3,029| more than half, and
of whom 2,978 belonged to 3 towns within 33 miles, re-
ducing the number within 32 miles to 261,695 inhabitants,
or 51^ more than half
The increase of the population of Massachusetts was
greau^r from 1820 to 1830, than during either of the three
INCREASE IN THE RANGES. 81
preceding decennial periods, and the tendency to a central-
ization in and about Boston became more apparent than
before. During tliis period, Lowell in the range of 20 and
not exceeding 25 miles, commenced an existence under re-
markably favorable circumstances, and the increase of the
range of 40 and not exceeding 45 miles, "was still greater,
in consequence of the rapid growth of Fall River, New
Bedford and Wareham, in their manufacturing and com-
mercial interests. The range from 75 to 80 miles, includ-
ing Springfield, had an increase of more than the average
m the state. In the other ranges the increase was less
than the average in the state. There was a small loss in
the range from 90 to 95 miles, and a decrease of 26-83 per
cent, in the range from 120 to 125 miles. In 1830, the cir-
cle with a radius of 30 miles, embraced 295,952 inhabit-
ants, or 9,252 less than half; but the circle with a radius
oi 31 miles, including 2 more towns, whose population
was 9,590, embraced 305,542 inhabitants, or 338 more
than half.
From 1830 to 1840, the increase of the population was
greater than during either of the four preceding decennial
periods, especially that in and near Boston. In Boston it
was 2| times the average of the state ; in the contiguous
towns, twice ; in the 2d range, 1| times ; in the 5th range,
embracing Lowell, If times; in the 9th range, embracing
New Bedford, and in the 16th, embracing Springfield, a
little more than the average. About half of the absolute
increase in the last three ranges just mentioned, was owing
to the towns specified respectively. In the 25th range, the
increase was a little more than the average. In the 15th
and 19th ranges there was a decrease ; and in the rest the
increase was less than the average.
In 1840, the circle with a radius of 30 miles embraced
386,802 inhabitants, or 17,952 more than half. There
were 10 towns whose centres are 30 miles from Boston,
82 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
and containing, in 1840, 28,108 inhabitants, from which
deduct 17,952, and there will remain 10,156 less than half
the population embraced by a circle with a radius of 29
miles, in 1840.
Thus, the seventy-five years from 1765 to 1840 may be
divided into two periods, of nearly equal length in respect
to this movement of the population of Massachusetts ; the
first of thirty-five years to 1800, in which the dimensions
of the circle about Boston, embracing half of the popula-
tion, being smaller in 1765 than at any epoch since, in-
creased to 1800, when they attained a 'maximum ; and the
second of forty years from 1800 to 1840, in which these
dimensions were successively reduced in each decennial
period. In other words, the diameter of the circle about
Boston, embracing half of the population of the state,
which was 60 miles in 1765, was lengthened about 10
miles in twenty-five years, remained nearly stationary at
70 miles till 1800 ; was shortened about 2 miles from 1800
to J 810; about 4 miles from 1810 to 1820; about 2 miles
from 1820 to 1830; and about 4 miles from 1830 to 1840.
It may be here observed that the population, embraced
by a circle with a radius of 30 miles, was greater, in 1840,
than the whole population of the state in 1790, by 8;015 ;
in other words, 8,015 more persons lived within 30 miles
of Boston, in 1840, than belonged to the whole state in
1790, fifty years before. In 1840, there were within 20
miles of Boston 28,629 more persons than the whole popu-
lation of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, and 10,345-|
more persons within a circle of 5 miles about Boston, em-
bracing 8 towns, than half of the population in 1765, sev-
enty-five years before.
The tendency to a centralization of the population in
and about the capital, is also shown by the movement of
the centre of the population of the state eastward towards
Boston, during the period from 1790 to 1840. By the cen-
CENTRE OI'- POPULATION, 83
tre of population I mean, the point of intersection of two
straight lines, one running east and west, and the other north
and south ; by the first of which lines half the population
shall be noi'th and half south of it; and by the other, half
shall be west and half east of it. It may surprise some to
find that the centre of the population of Massachusetts has
been so near Boston, for the last eighty years, as will be
seen from the following facts, showing the position of this
point at seven epochs, including the Provincial census of
1765.
A line east and tvest, beginning at the south-easterly
side of Boston, and running on the southerly side oi Bos-
ton, in the county of Suffolk ; of Cambridge, Watertoion,
Waltham, Weston, Wayland, Sudbury ayid Marlborough,
in the county of Middlesex ; of Noi-thborough, Boylston,
West Boylston, Holden, Rutland, Oakham, Neio Braintree
and Hardwick, in the county of Worcester ; of Greenwich,
Prescott and Pelham,, in the county of Hampshire ; of Lev-
erett, Sunderland and Whately, in the county of Franklin;
of Hatfield, Williamsburg, Chesterfield, Worthington and
Middleficld, in the county of Hampshire ; and of Wash-
ington, Lenox and Richm,07id, in the county of Berkshire,
to the state of New York, divides the territory of Massa-
chusetts into two parts, each of which contained nearly an
equal number of inhabitants, according to the six censuses
of the United States. The section south of this line con-
tained 276-| more than half, in 1790; 2,966| less than half
in 1800; 8,022 less in 1810; 8,044-1 less in 1820; 11,9.53
less in 1830 ; and 24,922 less than half in 1840, as exhib-
ited by counties and parts of counties, in Table XI., and
the same also for the section north of the dividing line.
The population of the towns forming parts of counties for
the southern section, is exhibited for each epoch in Table
XII.
S4
POPULATION
OF MAi?
SACHUSETTS.
TABLE XI.-
-Exhibiting the Population of
the Counties and Parts of Counties, ]
on each side
of a line east akd west, n-
hick divides the F oxidation of
the
State into tii
nearly equal portions.
Pakt I. — Containing the Southern Section.
POPULATIO.V ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840 j
Population, - -
244,149
378,787
422,845
472,040
523,287
610,408
737,700;
Half, ... -
122,0744
189,393^
211,422i
236,020
261,643^
305,204'
368,850 .
Nantucket County,
3,320
4,620
5,617
6,807
7,266
7,202J
9,0! 2
Dukes " -
2,346
3,265
3,118
3,290
3,292
3,5171
3,(''
Barnstable " -
12,376
17,354
19,293
22,211
24,026
28,5141
32.:
Plymouth " -
25,756
31,740
32,302
35,169
38,136
43,0441
47, s;..
Bristol " -
21,301
31,709
33,880
37,168j 40,908
49,592
60,Jt„-.
Norfolk " -
17,682
23,878
27,216
31,245 36,471
41,972
53,111)
Part of Middle'x Co.
4,181
5,206
5,249
5,540 6,394
7,215
9,337.
Part of Worces. "
18,908
28,038
29,425
31,000 35,775
43,276
51,625 1
Hampden "
9,021
19,193
23,462
24,42l| 28,021
31,639
37,366;
Part of Hampsh. "
4,720
10,067
12,467
13,957 16,415
19,473
19,346'
Part of Berkshire "
5,661
14,600
16,427
17,190 16.895
17,807
20, Uo^'^
Total on south side,
125,272
189,670
208,456
227,998
253,599
293,251
343,',»J>
Difference, -
-4-3,197^
+276^
—2,966^
—8,022
—8,044^
—11,953
-24,.'.'C:
Part
[I. — Containing the Northern Section.
POPULAnO.V ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1810
Suffolk County, -
Essex " - -
Part of Rliddle'x Co.
Part of VVorces'r "
Franklin "
Part of iJamp.sh. "
Part of Berkshire "
15,982
43.524
30,759
15,259
5,999
1,709
5,645
18,792
57,913
37,531
28,769
21,743
8,756
15,613
25,786
61,196
41,679
31,767
26,300
10;418
17,243
34,381
71,888
47,249
33,910
27,421
10,596
18,597
43,940
74,655
55,078
37,850
29,418
10,072
18,675
62,163
82,859
70,746
41,079
29,630
10,781
19,899
95.":
94,!'-
43.r,-
28,M'
11..'
21,t
Total on north side,
Difference, -
118,877
— 3,197i
189,117
—276^
214,389
+2,966i
211,042
-j-8,022
269,688
+8,0 14i
317,157
+11,953
393,77:
+24,92:
Half the Population,
122,074^
189,393i
211,422i 236,020
261,6434
305,204
368,851
CENTRE OF POPULATION.
9&
TABLE XII. — Exhibiting the Popuhitioti of the Tomts forming Parts of Coun-
ties south of the east and west line which divides the Population of the Com-
monwealth into two nearly equal portions.
POPULATION ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF
TOWNS.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830 1840
Holliston, -
705! 875
783
989
1,042
1,304
1,782
Hopkinton,
1,027; 1,317
1,372
1,345
1,655
1,809
2,245
Sherburue,
670: 801
775
770
811
899
995
Natick,
474 615
694
766
849
890
1,285
Framingham,
1,305^ 1,598 1,625
1,670
2,037
2,313
3,030
Part of Middlesex County,
4,181' 5,206' 5,249
5,540
6,394
7,215 9,337
MendoQ, - . -
1,838
1.555 1,628
1,819
2,254
3,152
3,524
Uxbridge, -
1,213
1,308 1,404
1,404
1,551
2,086
2,004
Douglas, -
521
1,079| 1,083
1,142
1,375
1,742
1,617
Webster, ...
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,403
Dudley,
748
1,114
1,140
1,226
1,615
2,155
1,352
Southbridge,
-
.
-
.
1,066
1,444
2,031
Sturbridge,
896
1,768
1,846
1,927
1,633
1,688
2,005
Charletou, -
739
1,965
2,120
2,180
2,134
2,173
2,117
Oxford,
890
1,237
1,237
1,277
1,562
2,034
1,742
Sutton,
2,138
2,642
2,513
2,660
2,056
2,186
2,370
Northbridge,
.
569
544
713
905
1,053
1,449
Milford, -
.
839
907
973
1,160
1,360
1,773
Upton,
614
833
854
995
1,088
1,167
1,466
Grafton, . - -
763
872
985
946
1,154
1,889
2,943
Millbury, -
.
-
-
-
926
1,611
2,171
Auburn, -
.
473
532
540
608
690
649
Shrewsbury,
1,401
963
1.048
1,210
1,458
1,386
1.481
Westborough,
1,110
934
'922
1,048
1,326
1,438
1,658
Southborough, -
731
837
871
926
1,030
1,080
1,145
Worcester,
1,478
2,095
2,411
2,577
2.962
4,173
7,497
Paxton,
.
558
582
619
'613
597
670
Leicester, - - -
770
1,076
1,103
1,181
1,252
1,782
1,707
Spencer, -
664
1,322
1,432
1,453
1,548
1,618
1,604
Brookfield,
1,811
3,100
3,284
3,170
2 292
2,342
2,472
Warren,
583
899
979
1,014
l'll2
1,189
1,290
North Brookfield,
-
-
-
-
1,095
1,241
1,485
Part of Worcester County,
18,908
28,038
29,425
31,000
35,775
43,276
51,625
Ware,
485
773
997
996
1,154
2,045
1,890
Belchertown,
418
1,485
1,878
2,270
2,426
2,491
2,554
Granby,
.
596
786
850
1,066
1,064
971
South Hadley, -
817
759
801
902
1,047
1,185
1,458
Easthampton, -
457
586
660
712
745
717
12
86
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TABLE XII.— Continued.
POPULATION ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF
TOWNS.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Southampton,
497
829
983
1,171
1,160
1,244
1,157
Westhampton, -
-
683
756
793
896
918
759
Norwich, -
-
742
959
968
849
795
750
Northampton, -
1,285
1,628
2,190
2,631
2,854
3,613
3,750
Had ley, -
573
882
1,073
1,247
1,461
1,686
1,814
Amherst, -
645
1,233
1,358
1,469
1,917
2,631
2,550
Enfield, -
-
-
-
-
873
1,056
976
Partof Hampshire County,
4,720
10,067
12,467
13,957
16,415
19,473
19,346
Sandisfield,
409
1,742
1,857
1,795
1,646
1,655
1,464
New Marlborough,
1,550
1,550
1,848
1,832
1,668
1,656
1,682
Sheffield, -
1,073
1,899
2,050
2,439
2,476
2,382
2,322
Mount Washington, -
.
261
291
474
467
345
438
Boston Corner, -
.
67
-
92
64
65
E^remont,
759
759
835
790
865
890
1,038
A 1 ford,
.
577
518
522
570
512
481
Great Barrington,
550
1,373
1,754
1,784
1,908
2,264
2,704
Tyringham,
325
1,397
1,712
1,689
1,443
1 1,350
1,477
Otis, ... -
.
605
1,102
1.111
981
1,012
1,177
Becket,
751
751
930
1,028
984
1,063
1,342
Lee, - - - .
.
1,170
1,267
1,305
1,384
1,825
2,428
Stockbridge,
244
1,336
1,261
1,372
1,377
1,580
1,992
West Stockbridge,
-
1,113
1,002
1,049
1,034
1,209
1,448
Part of Berkshire County,
5,661
14,600
16,427
17,190
16,895
17,807
20,058
From these two tables it appears that the northern sec-
tion, including Boston and Lowell, has increased rather
more than the southern, which includes some very flourish-
ing towns, as Springfield, Worcester, Fall River, New
Bedford, &c. The increase of Boston and Lowell has
been much greater than the average of the state, and more
than sufficient to account for the difference of increase in
the two sections.
The population of the southern section, in 1765, was
3,1974, or 130 per cetit. more than half. In 1790, the pro-
CENTRE OF POPULATION. 87
portion was nearly equal in the two sections. The in-
crease in the northern section was greater in every period,
except from 1810 to 1820, and in 1840 amounted to the
difference of 24,922, or 3-^7 pei- cent., showing a change of
28,119|- in the difference in the seventy- five years.
This movement, however, is in some respects more ap-
parent than real. There was an error, probably, of about
8,465 in the United States census of 1840. By the state
ceuwsus, the population of Boston, May 1, 1840, was 83,979,
exclusive of a few not enumerated, and by the United States
census, taken one month later, it was 93,383, or 9,404 more.
In Ward 2, the state census made the population 6,817, and
the United States census 15,282, or 8,465 more, which is in-
credible ; and it appears that more than one thousand per-
sons were enumerated as belonging to each of two boarding-
houses in this ward, June 1, 1840. Supposing there is an
error of 8,465, which being taken from 737,700, there re-
main 729,235 for the population of Massachusetts, half of
which is 364,617^-, from which take 343,928 in the south-
ern section of the state ; then it will want 20,689|- of being
half. Until March 6, 1804, South Boston belonged to Dor-
chester, and was included in the southern division of the
state. It constituted Ward 12, and contained 6,176 inhab-
itants in 1840. Also part of Ward 6, called the Mill Dam,
was taken from Brookline, February 22, 1825, then contain-
ing about 500 inhabitants, and in 1840 probably 1,200.
These sums amount to 7,376, which taken from 20,689|,
there remained ]3,313| less in the southern than in the
northern division, in 1840, amounting to ISO per cent., and
showing a difference in seventy-five years of 3-11 per cent,
only. Moreover, this difference would have been still more
reduced, had the dividing line of the state, instead of run-
ning on the south side of Boston, been carried through the
centre, or rather through the state house, east and west ;
which would have been more desirable for the purposes of
88 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
this article, and would have been done, had there been the
means of determining the number of inhabitants on each
side of this line at the several epochs. But it may be re-
marked that the northern parts of Boston were settled at
an earlier date, and the increase since 1790 has been much
greater in its southerly parts; and out of the 75,063, it is
believed that the increase of the southerly parts of Boston,
exclusive of the parts set off from Dorchester and Brook-
line, has been in greater proportion than in the northerly
parts, so as materially to reduce this difference of 13,313|-,
and make the increase in the southern section of the state
substantially the same as the northern section, especially
if we leave out of the comparison the city of Boston.
The movement of the north and south line, carrying
with it the point of intersection or the centre of popula-
tion, has been very sensible, as we shall see from what fol-
lows. And what is more surprising, is, that the centre of
population was a little nearer the centre of Boston in 1765
than in 1840. From 1765 to 1790, this centre moved west-
ward from the western boundary of Boston, about 10
miles, to Weston, and continued slightly to move in that
direction till 1800, when it attained its maximum ; after-
wards this point moved eastward till 1840, though irregu-
larly, during each of the four intervals. Thus, the centre
of the jjopiilation of Massachusetts moved wcsticard from
1765 to 1800, and eastward from 1800 to 1840, nearly to
the point where it was seventy-five years before. This
movement, from 1800 to 1810, amounted to about 4 miles:
from 1810 to 1820 it was very slightly eastward ; from
1820 to 1830 it amounted to nearly 2 miles ; and from 1830
to 1840 to about 4 miles.
The two sections of the state containing the two nearly
equal portions of the population, one on the west side and
the other on the east side of the line running north and
south, together with the counties and parts of counties em-
braced by each portion, are exhibited in the next two tables.
CENTRE OF POPULATION.
89
TABLE XIII. — Exhibiting the Poptilation of the Counties and Parts of Counties
on each side of a line north and south, n-hich divides the Population of the State
into two nearly equal portioris, at seven epochs.
Part I. — Containing the Western Section.
1765
1790
1800
1810 1820
1830 1840
Population,
Half, -
244149
122074^
378787
189393^
422845
211422;!
472040'523287
236020261643^
610408 737700
305204,368850
Berkshire, -
Hampshire,
Hampden, -
Franklin,
Worcester, -
11,306
6,429
9,021
5,999
34,167
30,213
18,823
19,193
21,743
56,807
33,670
22,885
23,462
26,300
61,192
35,787 35,570
24,553 26,487
24,42ll 28,021
27,421129,418
64,910 73,625
37,706', 41,475
30,254 30,897
31,639 37,366
29,630, 28,812
84,355j 95,313
5 Western Counties,
Part of Middlesex,
" Norfolk, -
" Bristol, -
" Essex,
66,922
31,906
7,542
10,385
5,355
146779
25,411
8,663
8,660
167509
27,115
9,196
8,964
_
177092 193121
34,940 39,380
13,426 15,528
10,451 13,325
213584:234133
54,553 91,096
16,697 17,776
13,595 14,345
6,536 11,794
Western Section, -
Difference, -
122110
+35i
189513
212784
+1361^
235909
—111
261354
— 289i
304965 369144
—239 +294
Half, -
122074^
189393
211422^236020
261643^
305204 368850
Part II. — Containing the Eastern Section.
Population,
Half, -
244149
122074^
378787
189393^
122845
211422^
472040
236020
523287
261643.^
610408
305204
737700
368850
Nantucket, -
Dukes,
Barnstable, -
Plymouth, -
Suffolk,
3,320
2,346
12,376
25,756
15,982
4,620
3,265
17,354
31,740
18,792
5,617
3,118
19,293
32.302
25,786
6,807
3,290
22,211
3-5,169
34,381
7,266
3,292
24,026
38,136
43,940
7,2u2
3,517
28,514
43,044
62,163
9,012
3,958
32,548
47,373
95,773
5 Eastern Counties,
Part of Middlesex,
" Norfolk, -
" Bristol, -
" Essex, -
59,780
3,034
10,140
10.916
38,169
75,771
17,326
15,215
23,049
57,913
86,116
19,813
18,020
24,916
61,196
101858
17,849
17,819
26,717
71,888
116660
22,092
20,943
27,583
74,655
144440
23,408
25,275
35,997
76,323
188664
15,515
35,364
45,820
83,193
Eastern Section, -
Difference, -
122039 189274
-35i! -119^
210061
-1361^
236131,261933 !305413
+111 +289^1 +239
368556
—294
Half, -
122074^!
189393^
211422^
236020
261643i
305204
368850
90
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TABLE XIV. — Exhibiting the Population of Towns belonging to divided Conn-
ties in the Western Section of the State, at the several epochs.
TOWNS.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Ashby,
751
941
1.103
1,188
1,240
1,246
Townsend,
598
993
1,149
1,246
1,482
1,506
1,892
Pepperell, -
758
1,132
1,198
1,333
1,439
1,440
1,571
Shirley,
430
677
713
814
922
991
957
Groton,
1,423
1,840
1,802
1,886
1,897
1,925
2,139
Dunstable, -
559
380
485
475
584
593
603
Tyngsborough, -
382
696
704
808
822
870
Westford, -
962
1,229
1,267
1,330
1,409
1,329
1,436
Littleton, -
773
854
904
773
955
947
927
Boxborough,
412
387
388
424
474
426
Acton,
611
853
901
885
1,047
1,128
1,121
Stow,
794
801
890
885
1,071
1,220
1,230
Marlborough,
1,287
1,554
1,735
1,674
1,952
2,077
2,101
Hopkinton,
1,027
1,317
1,372
1,345
1,655
1,809
2,245
HoUiston, - - -
705
875
783
989
1,042
1,304
1,782
Sherburne,
670
801
775
770
811
899
995
Natick,
474
615
694
766
849
890
1,285
Framingham,
1,305
1,598
1,625
1,670
2,037
2,313
3,030
Wayland, - - -
,
801
835
824
962
944
998
Weston, . . -
768
1,010
1,027
1,008
1,041
1,091
1,092
Sudbury, -
1,773
1,290
1.303
1,287
1,417
1,423
1,422
Lincoln, . - -
649
740
'756
713
706
709
686
Concord, -
1,564
1,590
1,679
1,633
1,788
2,017
1,784
Carlisle,
.555
634
672
681
566
556
Chelmsford,
1,'012
1,144
1,290
1,396
1,535
1,387
1,697
Lowell,
6,474
20,796
Dracut,
1,217
1,217
1,274
1,301
1,407
1,615
2,188
Tewksbury,
781
943
1,008
1,527
906
Billerica, -
1,334
1,289
1,380
1,374
1,632
Burlington,
471
508
446
510
Bedford, -
457
592
648
685
929
Lexington,
912
1,052
1,200
1,543
1,642
"West Cambridge,
1,230
1,363
Waltham, -
663
1,014
1,'677
1,857
2,504
Watertown,
693
1,664
1,810
Newton, - - -
1,308
1,709
1,850
2,376
3,351
Wilmington,
673
,
731
859
Woburn, . - -
1,515
1,977
2,993
Beading, -
1,530
•
,
2,193
Stoneham, - - -
340
*
1,017
Medford, -
790
2.478
Cambridge,
1,571
8,409
Brighton, -
1,425
Part of Middlesex County,
31,906
25,411
27,115
31,940
39,380
54,553
91.096
CENTRE OF POPULATION.
91
TABLE XIV.-
—Continued.
TOWNS.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820 1830
1840
Bellingham,
468
735
704
766
1,034
1,102
1,055
INIedway, .
785
1,035
1,050
1,213
1,523
1,756
2,043
Franklin, .
1,101
1,285
1,398
1,630
1,662
1,717
Wrentham,
2,022
1,767
2,061
2,478
2,801
2,698; 2,915
Foxborough,
671
779
870
1,004
1,1651 1,298
Walpole,
785
1,005
989
1,098
1,366
1,442! 1,491
Med field, .
628
731
745
786
892
817
883
Dover,
485
511
548
548
497
520
Needham, .
945
1,130
1,072
1,097
1,227
1,418| 1,488
Dedham,
1,909
2,172
2,493
3,117| 3,290
Sharon,
■
1,000
1,010
1,023
1,076
Fart of Norfolk County,
7,542
8,663
9,196
13,426
15,528
16,697
17,776
Attleborough,
1,739
2,166
2,480
2,716
3,055 3,215 3,585
Pawtucket,
1,459 2,184
Seekonk,
2,775 2,133| 1,996
Sn-anzey, .
1,840
1,784
1,741
1.839
1,933 1,678
1,484
Rehoboth, .
3,690
4,710
4,743
4,866
2,740 2,459
2,169
Norton,
1,942
1,600 1,479
1,545
Mansfield, .
,
1,030
1,222 1,172
1,382
Dighton,
1,174
•
Part of Bristol County,
10,385
8,660
8,964
10,451
13,325 13,595 14,345
Methuen, .
933
2,006
2.251
Andover, .
2,442
.
4,530
5,207
Haverhill, .
•
1,980
•
4,336
Part of Essex County,
5,355
6,5361 11,794
In 1765, the line, commencing at the northerly corner of
Haverhill, and running on the westerly side of Amesbtiry,
West Newbury, Bradford, Boxford, Middleton and Lynn-
Jield, in the county of Essex; of South Reading, Maiden
and Charlestown, in the county of Middlesex ; of Boston,
in the county of Suffolk ; of Brookline, Roxbury, Dorches-
ter, Milton, Canton and Stonghton, in the county of Nor-
folk ; and of Easton, Raynham, Taunton, Berkley and Som-
erset, in the county of Bristol, divided the territory of Mas-
9iS POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
sachiisetts into two parts, the section tcest of this Hne con-
taining 122,110 inhabitants, or 35| more than half, and that
east of it 122,1)39, or 35| less than half the population. This
line differs from that in 1S40 only by running east instead
of icest of Dighton, and by including that town in the
western section, in 176.5.
During the twenty-five years from 1765 to 1790, in con-
sequence of the western part of the state being very much
settled by agricultural people, the movement of the centre
of population was westward ; but, as we shall see, a con-
trary effect from 1790, or rather from 1800 to 1840, especi-
ally during the last half of these forty years, was pro-
duced chiefly by the increase of manufactures and com-
merce in the easterly part of the Commonwealth.
In 1790, the line, which materially differs from the one
in 1765, beginning at the north-easterly corner of Dracut,
in the county of Middlesex, and running on the westerly
side of Metlmen, in the county of Essex ; of Teicksbwy^
Billerica, Bedford, Lexington, Waltham and Nczvton, in
the county of Middlesex ; of Dedham and Sharon, in the
county of Norfolk ; and of Mansfield, Norton, Dighton and
Somerset, in the county of Bristol, divided the state into
two parts, the section west of this line containing 189,513
inhabitants, or 119^ more than half, and that east of it
189,085, or 119|- less than half the population. This places
the centre of population in Weston, some 11 or 12 miles
from Boston, in 1790.
In 1800, the same line divided the state into nearly
equal parts, the portion icest of it containing 212,784 in-
habitants, or 1,361 1 more than half, and the portion east of
it 210,061, or 1,361|- less than half the population, show-
ing that the centre of population slightly moved westward
from 1790 to 1800. During these ten years the increase
was small, owing to emigration to other states, but was
uniform in respect to the two sections of the state.
CENTRE OK POPULATION. 93
From ISOO to 1810, the centre of population which re-
mained nearly stationary during the preceding ten years,
moved eastward very perceptibly, so that we have to add
to the western section 10 towns, viz. : Tewksbiiry^ Billeri-
ca, Burlington, Bedford, Lexingtoji, Walt ham and New-
ton, in the county of Middlesex ; Dedham and Sharon, in
the county of Norfolk ; and Mansfield, in the county of
Bristol, with an aggregate population of 11,272, in order
to divide the north and south line into two equal portions.
Thus in 1810, the line commencing at the north-easterly
corner of Dracut, in the county of Middlesex, and running
on the westerly side of Methuen and Andover, in the coun-
ty of Essex ; of Wilmington, Wobiirn, West Cambridge,
Watertoivn and Brighton, in the county of Middlesex ; of
Bi'ookline, Roxbury, Dorchester, Milto7i, Canton and
Stonghton, in the county of Norfolk ; of Easton, Norton,
Raynham, Taunton, Dighton and Somerset, in the county
of Bristol, divided the state into two parts, the portion west
of the line containing 235,909 inhabitants, or 111 less than
half, and that east of it 236,131, or 111 more than half the
population. The movement of the centre of population
eastward was about 4 miles from 1800 to 1810. The cen-
tre of population in 1810 was near the south-easterly cor-
ner of Waltham, about 8 miles from Boston.
During the period from 1810 to 1820, the movement of
the centre of population continued eastward, the western
section being increased only by Norton, in Bristol county,
thus containing 261,354 inhabitants, or 289-|- less than half,
and the eastern section 261,923, or 289-| more than half the
population.
In 1830, by adding to the western division 6 towns, viz. :
Wilmington, Woburn, West Cambridge and Watertoicn,
in the county of Middlesex, and Methuen and Andover,
in the county of Essex, containing an aggregate of 12,138
inhabitants, the line beginning at the northerly corner of
13
%
94 POPULATION OF IMASSACHUSETTS.
Methuen, and running on the westerly side of Haverhill,
Boxford and Middleioji, in the county of Essex ; of Read-
ing, Stoneham, Medford, Sotnerville, Camhidge and Brigh-
ton, in the county of Middlesex; of Brookline, Rnxbiiry,
Dorchester, Milton, Canton and Stoi/ghtofi, in the county
of Norfolk ; and of Easto7i, Raynltam, Taunton, Dighton
and Somerset, in the county of Bristol, divided the state
into two parts, the western portion containing 304,965 in-
habitants, or 239 less than half, and the eastern portion
305,443, or 239 more than half the population. The move-
ment of the centre of population from 1820 to 1830, was
nearly 2 miles, and the centre itself was near the centre of
Watertoivn, about 6 miles from Boston, in 1830.
In 1840, by the addition, to the western section, of 6
towns, viz. : Reading, Stoneham, Medford, Cambridge,
Brighton and Haverhill, with an aggregate population of
19,858, the line commencing at the northerly corner of Ha-
verhill, and running on the westerly side of Amesbiiry,
West NetDbury, Bradford, Boxford, Middleton and Lynn-
field, in the county of Essex ; of South Reading, Maiden
and Charlestown, in the county of Middlesex ; of Boston, in
the county of Suffolk ; of Brookline, Roxbury, Dorchester,
Milton, Canton and Stoiighton, in the county of Norfolk ;
and of Easton, Raynham, Taunton, Dighton and Somer-
set, in the county of Bristol, divided the state into two
parts, the western section containing 369,144 inhabitants,
or 294 Qnore than half, and the eastern section 368,556, or
294 less than half the population. This line differs from
the line in 1765, seventy-five years before, only in placing
the town of Dighton in the eastern section in 1840, and
fixed the point of intersection or centre of population, at
both epochs, near the eastern limit of Brighton and near
the western limit of Boston, and about 2 miles from the
state house. Thus, the centre of population, Avhich moved
westivard about 10 miles from 1765 to 1790 or 1800, moved
eastward about the same distance from 1800 to 1840. What
CENTRK OF POPULATION. 95
will be the direction of this movement hereafter, will de-
pend, of course, upon future events, which cannot be cal-
culated upon with certainty.
The increase of the population, as we have seen, has
been nearly uniform in each of the two sections of the
state ; the one north and the other south of a line running
east and loest, during the seventy-five years from 1765 to
1840. A marked difference has characterised the increase
of the eastern and western sections during these years. In
1765, the line north ajid south, dividing the population into
two nearly equal portions, passed near the western boun-
dary of Boston. In thirty-five years to 1800, it had moved
westward about 10 miles to its maximum, so that, in 1800,
we find its intersection with the line east and west in or
near Weston, about 10 miles from the Boston line. In
1800, when the point of intersection of the two lines or
the centre of population was most westerly, the western
section contained 1,361| more than half the population of
the state. But, in consequence of the movement of this
point eastward, we have to add to the icestern section a
population of (53,108 — 294) 52,814 inhabitants in other
towns, together with double its excess over half, or 2,763,
making 55,537, in order to include in it one half of the
population in 1840 ; and even with this addition, the cen-
tre of population is a little farther icest than it was in 1765,
seventy-five years before. These 55,537 are 13-13 per ceiit.
of the census of the state in 1800, and 7-52 per cent, of that
in 1840. But the increase of the population of Boston in
these 40 years was 58,446, so that, leaving Boston out of
the account, the north and south dividing line would have
remained nearly stationary, the increase in the eastern and
western sections been uniform, and the proportions such as
they were in 1800, would have remained nearly the same
from 1800 to 1840.
Thus, it is evident that the centre of the population of
96 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
Massachusetts, since 1765, has remained near Boston, and
has not been more than about 20 miles from the city of
Lowell, which last was very near the centre of the whole
population of New England in 1840.*
* The followins paper, found among the papers of the late Rev.' James Freeman, of Boston,
is here inserted, as interesting in this connection :
" Massachusetts, by the census of 1820, contains 523,287 inhabitants ; 261, &44 are one half.
If a line is drawn N. and S. as nearly as the lines of the towns will permit, from the N. E.
corner of Dracut to the S. E. corner of Swanzey, it will make an equal division of the number
of inhabitants nearly.
On the west of the line will be— . , , ,.
Xo. Of Inhabitants.
Berkshire, - - - - ■ - ■ - 35,720
Franklin, 29.268
Hampshire, 26,487
Hampden, 28,021
Worcester, 73,625
In 5 Western Counties, - - - - 193,121
In Dracut, Tewksbury, Billerica, Woburn, Lexington, Walthani,
Walertown, Newton, and all the towns in Middlesex west of
this line.
In Needham, Dedhani, Sharon, Foxborough, and all Ihe towns in
Norfolk, west.
In Mansfield, Norton, Rehoboth, Seekonk, Swanzey, Attletw-
roueh, in Bristol.
68,642
261,763
If a line is drawn W. and E. as nearly as the lines of the towns will permit, from the N. W.
corner of West Stockbridge to the S. part of Boston, it will make an equal division of the num-
ber of inhabitants.
On the south of the line will be West Stockbridge, Stockbridge, Lee, Becket, and all the
towns in Berkshire south of this line.
Middlefield, Norwicli, Westliampton, Northampton, Hadley, Granby, Ware, and the other
towns in Hampshire, south.
The county of Hampden.
N. Braintree, Spencer, Worcester, Shrewsbury, Norlliborough, Soutliborough, and all the
towns in Worcester, south.
Framinghara, Natick, Weston, Newton, Brighton, and tlic other towns in Middlesex, south.
5,777 inhabitants in the soutli part of Boston.
Norfolk, Plymouth, Bristol, Barnstable, Dukes county and Nantucket.
Tile two lines will cross each other in Newton, about 5 miles from the state house in Boston.
This point is the centre of the population of the state ; and if the seal of government is re-
moved, it ought not to be removed furllier to the west tlian Newton.
If a N. and S. line is drawn through the centre of the town of Worcester, it will divide the
state into two unequal parts. East of this line will be Fitchburg, Leominster, Sterling, West
Boylston, Slirewsbury, half of Worcester, Sutton, Millbury, Douglas, and the rest of the towns
CENTRE OF TERRITORY. 97
In connection with what has been said respecting the
centre of the population, it may not be uninteresting,
though it is rather a digression from the main purpose of
this essay, to present some considerations rehiting to the
centre of the territory^ derived from the returns of the state
valuation in 1840. These returns were made by the
assessors of the several towns, and contam the number of
acres of land in every town and district except Boston
Corner and Marshpee. As the number of acres is taken
from the assessors' accounts, it is probable that it is gener-
ally less than the true number, in consequence of a dispo-
sition often felt to avoid too much taxation. As this dis-
position is general, we may presume that there will be
nearly a uniform falling off in the amount of land in these
returns, so that for our present purpose we may consider it
as equivalent to the exact amount.
The whole quantity of land in the several towns in Massa-
chusetts, according to die returns of 1840, is 4,502,843 19-24
acres, which, divided by 640, the number in a square mile,
give 7,035 as the number of square miles of land in the
Commonwealth, being very near six sevenths of 8,200,
which is believed to be almost the exact number of square
acres.
Assuming the line east and west^ which was adopted in
east of the line in Worcester county, containing - - 30,731 inhabitants.
Middlesex, 61,472
Essex, • - 74,655
Suffolk, 43,940
Norfolk,
Plymouth,
Bristol,
Barnstable,
Dukes Co.
Nantucket,
Total east of the line, .... 360,875
Total west of the line, - - - - 162,412
523,287.'
9S
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
determining the centre of the population, we shall find that
it divides the territory of the Commonwealth into two
parts, the contents of which, according to the returns of
1840, were as follows :
The northern section includes
Suffolk County, containing
Essex,
Franklin,
Part of Middlesex, .
Part of Worcester,
Part of Hampshire, .
Part of Berkshire,
7,669 1-4 acres.
271,054 1-2
402,307 1-4
422,432
518,595
146,516 1-4
286,193
Northern Section, . 2,054,767 1-4 acres,
or 196,654 31-48 Us% than 2,251,421 43-48, one half the number returned.
The southern section includes
Nantucket County, containing .
Dukes,
Barnstable,
Plymouth, .
Bristol, . . . .
Norfolk,
Hampden,
Part of Middlesex, (5 towns,)
Part of Worcester, (26 towns.) .
Part of Hampshire, (12 towns,)
Part of Berkshire, (14 towns,) .
14,206 acres.
47,868 1-2
179,159 2-3
379,898 1-2
314,273
247,208 1-8
353,129
72,958
398,992
182,839 3-4
257,544 -
Southern Section, . . 2,448,076 13-24 acres,
or 196,654 31-48 more than one half the number returned.
The distance of West Stockbridge, in the southern di-
vision, is about 120 miles from Boston. As there are 320
rods in a mile, and 160 square rods in an acre, a strip of
land in the southern division, one rod wide, from Boston
to West Stockbridge, 120 miles, is equivalent to 240 acres.
By dividing 196,654 31-48 by 240, we have 810 rods for the
width of this strip to be added to the northern division,
which is 2| miles. A line running 2| miles sovtli of the
CENTRE OF TERRITORY.
99
above east and west line, and parallel with it, will pass
through the town of Worcester.
Thus by taking a strip of 2| miles from the sonthern
division, containing 196,654 31-48 acres, and adding it
to the northern division, we have the two sections equal,
each containing 2,251,421 43-48 acres, and the two contain-
ing 4,502,843 19-24 acres, "the whole quantity of land re-
turned," in 1840.
The 5 towns in the southern division, belonging to the
county of Middlesex, are
Framingham, containing
Natick,
Sherburne, .
HoUiston,
Hopkinton, .
19,042 acres.
10,083
10,058
13,787
19,988
Part of Middlesex County, . . 72,958 acres,
which, taken from 495,390, the whole number in the county, leave 422,432
for the northern section.
\
towns belonging
to the county of Worcester
Southborough, containing . . 9,738 acres.
Westborough,
. 12,793
Shrewsbury, .
13,018
Worcester,
. 23,334
Paxton,
8,319
North Brookfield,
. 13,829
Spencer,
20,275
Leicester,
. 13,453
Brookfield,
27,534
"Warren, .
. 16,248
Sturbridge,
21,695
Southbridge,
. 12,032
Charlton,
25,873
Dudley, .
. 12,820
Oxford,
16,385
Auburn, .
. 8,639
Millbury,
8,217
Grafton, .
. 13,795
Sutton,
19,868
are
100
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
Webster,
Douglas,
Uxbridge,
Northbridge,
Upton,
Milford,
Mendon, .
9,422
19,020
18,352
8,939
12,619
11,874
20,901
Part of Worcester, . 398,992 acres,
which, taken from 917,587, the whole number in the county, leave 518,595
for the northern division.
The 12 towns forming a part of the county of Hamp-
shire, are
Ware, containing
16,999 acres
Enfield, .
. 9,856 1-2
Belchertown,
30,548
Granby, .
. 15,313
Amherst,
16,377
Hadley, .
. 13,906 1-4
South Hadley,
8,450
Northampton,
. 20,240
Easthampton,
7,472
Southampton,
. 15,484 3-4
Westhampton,
15,704
Norwich,
. 12,489 1-4
Part of Hampshire, . . 182,839 3-4 acres,
which, taken from 329,356, the whole number in the county, leave 146,516 1-4
for the northern division.
The 14 towns, forming a part of the county of Berk-
shire, are
24,779 acres.
JJCU14.CI, uuuiaiuiug
Otis,
. 22,357
Sandisfield, .
30,014
New Marlborough,
. 26,075
Tyringham, .
28,839
Lee,
. 15,061
Great Barrington, .
25,006
Sheffield, .
. 33,001
Stockbridge,
13,568
West Stockbridge,
. 11,467
CENTRE OF TERRITORY.
101
Alfor.l,
7,U05
Egremont,
. 10,087
Mount Washini^ton,
10,285
Boston Corner, (no return.)
- ■
Part of Berkshire, . . . 257,544 acres,
which, taken from 543,737, leave 286,193 for the northern division.
A north and south line, beginning at the south-westerly
corner of Douglas, and running on the westerly side of
Douglas, Sutton, Millbiiry, Shrewsbury, Boylston, Sterling,
Leominster and Fitchbifrg, divides the Commonwealth into
two parts, the one east and the other west. The eastern di-
vision comprises the counties of
Barnstable, containing . . 179,159 2-3 acres.
Nantucket, .... 14,206
Dukes, .... 47,868 1-2
Plymouth, .... 379,898 1-2
Bristol, .... 314,273
Norfolk, . ... . . 247,208 1-8
Suffolk, .... 7,669 1-1
Essex, 271,054 1-2
Middlesex, .... 495,390
And part of Worcester, (22 towns,) . 320,726
2,277,453 13-48 acres,
or 26,031 31-48 more than 2,251,421 43-48, one half the number returned.
The 22 towns belonging
to the county of Worcester, are
Mendon, containing
20,901 acres.
Milford, .
. 11,874
Upton ,
12,619
Uxbridge,
. 18,.352
Northbridge,
8,939
Grafton, .
. 13,795
Westborongh,
12,793
Southborough,
. 9,738
North borough.
9,477
Berlin,
. 7,078
Boltoft,
14,483
Harvard, .
. 16,449
Lancaster,
21,895
u
102
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
Boylston,
. 11,345
Shrewsbury,
13,018
Millbury,
. 8,217
Sutton,
19,868
Douglas, .
. 19,020
Sterling,
18,163
Lunenburg,
. 17,475
Leominster,
. ' 18,194
ritchburg,
. 17,033
320.726 acres,
which, taken from 917,587 in the county, leave 596,861 for the western division.
The western division comprises
Berkshire, containing
Franklin,
Hampshire,
Hampden,
Part of Worcester, (33 towns,)
or 26,031 31-48 less than half the number returned.
543,737 acres.
, 402,307 1-4
329,356
353,129 ■
596,861
2,225,390 1-4 acres.
The width of the state, north and sonth, through the
town of Worcester, is about 45 miles. A strip of land one
rod wide and 45 miles long, contains 90 acres. By dividing
26,031 31-48 by 90, we have 289 rods for the width of the
strip to be taken from the eastern division and added to the
western, in order to make the two equal. In other words,
by removing the north and south line 289 rods, or nearly
one mile eastward, we divide the territory into two nearly
equal parts. The line thus removed will still pass through
the town of Worcester, though in the easterly part, and
there intersect the east and west line. The point of inter-
section is the centre of the territory of Massachusetts, and
is situated in the easterly part of Worcester, and near Long
Pond in that town. This point is about 35 miles distant
from the centre of the population in 1810.
Half of the territory of the state, comprising about 174
CENTRE OF WEALTH. 103
out of the 309 towns, is within 47^ miles of Boston. In
1840, about half of the population was in 113 towns, and
within about 29 miles, and half of the wealth within 12
or 12^ miles of Boston.
The taxable property in the several towns of Massachu-
setts, in 1830, was valued at $?20S,850,422 55, and in 1840,
at ^299,880,338 31. Half of this valuation, in 1830, was
$104,428,211 27|, and in 1840, $149,940,169 15|.
In 1830, $96,020,157 63 of this valuation was located
within 10 miles of Boston, and within the limits of 24
towns, to which if we add Salem, 12 miles from Boston,
omitting several towns at a less distance, we have $104,-
535,249 38, or $107,038 lOi more than half of the valua-
tion within 12 miles of Boston, so that the centre of wealth,
in 1830, must have been somewhat within this limit.
In 1840, $135,884,735 57 of this valuation belonged to
the 24 towns within the circle of 10 miles, to which if we
add Salem, we have $146,102,844 57, which is $3,837,-
324 58| less than half in these 25 towns. If to this
amount we add Needham and Braintree, within 11 miles,
and Lynnfield, Burlington, Weston and Canton, within 12
miles, we have $148,157,780 61, which still falls short of
half by $1,782,388 54|. Finally, if we add Danvers,
making 32 instead of 25 towns, we have $150,080,587 61,
or more than half, by $140,418 45| only.
It seems from this comparison that the taxable property,
according to the state valuation, during the 10 years from
1830 to 1840, increased less within 12 miles of Boston
than in more distant towns, though, as we have seen, the
increase of the population was much greater.
It is evident that, according to the state valuation in
1840, about half of the taxable property was located within
12 miles of Boston. Of course the centre of the wealth
of Massachusetts must be within the circle of this radius,
and this centre must be some point near the business cen-
10
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS:.
ire in Jioston, as a large part of the property of the state
is located in all directions about the capital.
The amount of bank capital in Massachusetts, returned
Nov. 1, 1845, was ftHt»,97ta)OU, of which $;18,03U,000 be-
longed to the 24 banks in Boston, and the 80 banks out of
Boston held .$!l2,940 00, of which the 18 banks in Nan-
tucket, Barnstable, Plymouth and Bristol, on the east side,
and the 31 banks in Berkshire, Franklin, Hampden, Hamp-
shire, "Worcester and Middlesex, on the west side, had
17,855,000, leaving ^950,000 to 8 banks in Norfolk, on the
south side, and $4,135,000 to 23 banks in Essex, on the
north side. More than three-fourths of the capital of all
the insurance companies in the state is located in Boston.
In the two following tables, the columns containing the
acres of lamL comprises all the towns except Marshpee
and Boston Corner ; and that containing the valuation of
1840, all except Marshpee.
TABLE XV. — Exldhiting a Co7nparatii:e View of the Population, Territory and Wealth of Massa
setts, by Counties.
COUNTIES.
2
e2
d
Census,
Acred of I.ami
Sfiuare
miles.
Inhabit-
ants to a
sfiiiare
mile.
Slate Valuation,
iS-W.
jPropor'n
no whole
I valua-
I lion.
Suffolk,
Es^ex,
Middlesex,
Worcester,
Hampshire,
Hampden,
Franklin,
Berkshire,
Norfolk,
Bristol,
Plymouth,
Barnstable,
Dukes,
Nantucket,
2 95,77:,;
£8' y4,y«7|
461066111
55| 95,31.3!
231 30,8971
18; 37,366|
26| 28,8i2i
31 41,745|
22 53,140
19! 60,105
21' 47,373
14132,5181
3i 3,958
1 9,012:
7,609 1-4
271,054 1-2
495,390
917,587
329,356
353.129
402,307 1-4
543,737
247,208 1-8
314,273
379,898 1-2
179,159 2-3
47,868 1-2
14,206
11 •9«
423 52,
774-04
1,433-72
514-61'
551-76'
628 60i
849-58!
386-26,
491 05'
593-59|
279-93;
74-79
22-19
7,992-27
224-27
137-73
66-47
60-03
67-72!
45-83!
49-131
137-57
122-52
79-801
1 16-671
52-91;
406011
110,000,000 00
31,111,204 00
37,593.082 00
29,804,316 00
7,298,351 00
10,188,423 71
6,548,691 00
9,54<i,920 76
15.522,527 00
19,493,694 84
10,694,719 00
4,896.683 00
1,]07,343»00
6,074.371 00
36 68
10-37
12-54
9-94
2-43
3-40
2-18
3-18
5-18
6-50
3-57
1-63
•3
203
Valuatii
per hei
!$l,14h
32*2
35S
311
23t
27S
22'
22(
29:
32^.
22L
15C
27S
67<
14 Counties, , 309
Suffolk, - I 2
7377U0 4,502,8J3 19-2 1' 7,035-69 101-85 299,b80,33s 31i lUO
95,773; 7,669 1-4 | 11-98 7,992-27, 110,000,000 00 36-68
40»
I,l4f1
13 Counties, I 307
641927; 4,495,174 13-24 7,023-71
91-39
189,880,338 31
63-31
29i
I
POPULATION, TEKFilTORV AND VVKAl.TH COMPARED.
TABLE XVI:
Part I.— Exhibit
ing a
Comparative View of
the Population, Territory
and Wealth
■, )(»/■ Nassachnsetts, fur Farts of tin
State
wniuN certain Radial Distances f -0711 Boston, by Ranges
of 10 miles.
s
Inhabit-
Prtipor'n
; I
Distance
Census, j
Square
Hnls to a
Slate Valuation,
to whole
Valua-
'. ^
iVoiu
1 Acres tif Land.
square
valua-
tion per
d
Bo.sion,
1S40. I
miles.
mile.
1840.
tion per
head.
^
in mile.s.
cent.
1
.
93,383 1,307
2-04
45,726
S109.304,218 50
36-44
$1,170 49
23| 1 to 10
79,520 150,489
1-4
235-13
338
26,580,517 07
8-86
334 26
24
10
172903 151,79()
1-4
237-18
727
135,884,735 57
45-31
785 90
40
10 to 20
92.515 455,597
3-4
711-87
129
30,740.009 38
10-25
332 27
64
20
265418 607.394
94905
279
166,624,744 95
55-56
627 78
55
20 to 30
1213S4! 699,383
13-24
1,092-78
110
34,874,233 40
11-62
287 30
119
30
386802, 1,306.777
13-24
2,041-83
189
201,498,978 35
67-19
520 93
33
30 to 40
78,646i 582,115
5-6
909-55
86
23,812,347 74
7-94
302 77
152i 40
465448' 1,888,893
3-8
2,951-39
157
225,311,326 09
75 13
484 07
2!s
JO to 50
69,007! 508,537
1-3
794-59
86
22,613,674 84
7-54
327 70
180
50
534455 2,397,430
17-21
3,745-98
142
247,925,000 93
82-67
463 88
23
50 to 60
39,976' 391,126
5-6
611-13
64
10.207,234 91
3-40
255 33
1 203
60
574431' 2,788,557
13-24
4,357-12
131
258,132,235 84
86 07
449 37
26
60 to 70
39.415' 390,224
3-4
609-72
64
7,718,584 86
2-57
195 82
229
70
613846 3,178,782
7-24
4,966-84
123
265,850,820 70
88-65
433 09
J 16
70 to 80
31,033 227,799
1-2
355 93
87
8,817,149 35
2-94
284 08
1 245
80
641879 3,406,581
19-24
5,322-78
121
274,667,970 05
91-59
425 92
1 19
80 to 90
35,976 318,737
498 02
72
12.715,906 50
4-23
353 46
i 264
90
680855 3,725,318
19 24
5,820-81
116
287,383,876 55
95-83
422 09
18
90 to LOO
17,929 300,259
469-15
38
3.491,347 26
1-16
194 73
- 282
100
698734 4,025,577
19-24
6,289-96
111
290,875,223 81
96 99
416 25
14
100 to 110
19.196 273.225
426-91
44
4,119,645 50
1-37
214 60
296|lll)
717980 4,298,802
19-24
6,716 87
106
294,994,869 31
98 37
410 86
lllllO to 120
19.217 193,756
302 74
63
4,825,343 00
1-60
251 09
^071 120
737197 4,192,558
19-24
7,019-62
105
299,820,212 31
9997
406 70
2 120 to 125
503 10,285
16 07
31
60,126 00
-02
119 53
1 SU;!
125
737700 4,502,843
19-24
7,035-69
104
299,880,338 31
100-
406 50
106
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TABLE XVI : Part II. — Exhibiting a Comparative View of the Population, Territory and Weali
of Massachusetts, for Parts of the State beyond certain Radial Distances from Boston, by Rang
0/ 10 miles.
A
Inhabil-
Propor'n
^
Distance
Census,
Square
Ents lo a
State Valuation,
lo whole
Valua-
^
from
Acres of Land.
square
valua-
tion per
Boston,
1840.
miles.
1840.
tion per
head.
i.
in miles.
cent.
309 -
737700
4,502,843
19-24
7,035-69
104
5299,880,338 31
100-
S406 5
1 -
93,383
1,307
2'04
45,726
109,304.218 50
36-44
1,170 -1
308 -
644317
4,501,536
19-24
7,033-65
91
190,576;il9 81
63-55
295 7
23 1 to 10
79,520
150,489
1-4
235-13
338
26,580,517 07
8-86
334 2
285 over 10
564797
4,351,047
13-24
6,798-52
83
163.995.602 74
54-68
290 :
40 10 to 20
92,515
455,597
3-4
711-87
129
30',740,009 38
10-25
332 -2
245 over 20
472282
3,895,449
19-24
6,086-64
77
133,255,593 36
44-43
282 1
55 20 to 30
121384
699,383
13-24
1,092-78
110
34,874,233 40
11-62
287
190 over 30
350898; 3,196.066
1-4
4,993-85
70
98,381,359 96
32-80
280
33, 30 to 40
78,646 582,115
5-6
909-55
86
23,812,347 74
7-94
302
157 over 40
272252 2,613.950
5-12
4,084-29
66
74,569,012 22
24-86
273 -
28 40 to 50
69,007] 508,537
1-3
794 59
86
22,613,674 84
7-54
327 -
129| over 50
203245J 2,105,413
1-12
3,289-70
61
51,955,337 38
17-32
255 t
23 50 to 60
39,976 391,126
5-6
611-13
64
10,207,234 91
3-40
255 L
106, over 60
163269; 1,714,286
1-4
2,678-57
60
41,748,102 47
13-92
255 -
26 60 to 70
39.415; 390.224
3-4
609-72
64
7,718,584 86
2-57
195 ^
so; over 70
123854 1.324,061
1-2
2,068-84
59
34,029,517 61
11-34
274 -
16, 70 to 80
31,033
227,799
1-2
355-93
87
8,817.149 35
2-94
284 1
()4 over 80
92,821
1,096,262
1,712 90
54
25,212,368 26
8-40
271 .
19 80 to 90
35,976
318,737
498-02
72
12,715,906 50
4-23
353
45 over 90
56,845
777,525
1,214-88
46
12,496,461 76
4-16
219 ;
18 90 to 100
17,929
300,259
469-15
38
3,491,347 26
116
194 '
27 over 100
38,916
477,266
745-72
52
9,005.114 50
3-00
231 :
14 100 to 110
19,196
273,225
426-91
44
4,119,645 50
1-37
211 t
13 over 110
19.720
204,041
31881
61
4,885,469 00
1-62
247
11 110 to 120
19,217
173,756
302-74
63
4,825,343 00
1-60
251
2, over 120
503
10,285
16-07
31
60,126 00
.02
119 .
CONCLUSION. 107
The number of acres of land in the last two tables is the
aggregate of the returns in 1840, and is presumed to fall
short of the actual number ; but still, for the purposes of
comparison, with the exception of Boston, the errors will
very much neutralize each other. A great difference will
be perceived between the density of the population of Bos-
ton and that of the other towns ; and it will also be seen
that the valuation of the property is very much greater in
Boston than in other parts of the Commonwealth.
There are circumstances now existing, and an impulse
is now felt in Massachusetts, favorable to a more rapid in-
crease of the population for some years to come, than has
taken place at any time since 1790. The probability is
that the increase has been greater during the six years since
1840, than during any equal period since 1765, but we
have no means of obtaining the exact number ai the present
time. A census of a few towns only has been recently
taken, showing a very large increase.
People are attracted to, and are disposed to remain in,
places where there is employment and the prospect of a
comfortable livelihood. The whole soil of Massachusetts
has been long since mostly divided into farms, so that for
the purposes of agriculture this Commonwealth oilers fewer
encouragements than other parts of the country : and
therefore we can expect no very rapid increase of the agri-
cultural population. The increase of the population must
depend upon the flourishing condition of manufactures
and commerce, aided by the improved means of communi-
cation with the several parts of the Commonwealth, with
other states and with foreign countries.
Rail-roads radiate from Boston, as a centre, north-east-
erly to Portland, the capital of Maine ; northerly to Con-
cord, the capital of New Hampshire : westerly to Albany,
the capital of New York : south-westerly into Connecti-
cut; southerly to Providence, the capital of Rhode Island;
108 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
and south-easterly to Plymouth, where the First Pilgrims
of New England landed. Branches for more local pur-
poses are made to communicate with the main trunks, so
that the whole state is overspread with a sort of net
work, whose iron rods approach within small distances of
every important town in the Commonwealth. Upon these
rail-roads there have been expended some thirty millions of
dollars, in order to facilitate the conveyance of men and
merchandise. These works centre in Boston, where they
originated, where most of the capital for building them
was advanced, and where they have been and still are
managed;, and, by being thus related to Boston, they make
this the common depot for the commerce of the whole state.
Great changes have already been produced in the world
by the application of steam power to the arts, and to the
means of transportation by sea and by land. Already it
carries men and merchandise up rivers, over lakes and
across the ocean, and through the mountain passes of many
civilized countries ; but as yet, it seems to have onl}^ begun
to show its capabilities," and its effects on the human con-
dition appear hardly to have begun to be matured. It has
essentially afiected the physical, social, moral and political
condition of man since the commencement of the present
century. It is impossible to foresee the result which this
agent is destined to produce on the condition of the human
race. One thing it has done, — it has exploded the old idea
that it is impossible to build cities anywhere except on the
confines of navigable water communicating with the great
marts of commerce. Hitherto, all or nearly all the cities
in the world, have been founded on spots to which ships
have access with the merchandise of other climes. Now,
by means of cars propelled by steam power on rail-roads,
nothing forbids cities being built in the interior of a coun-
try distant from navigable water, with almost as much
ease as on the sea-shore. The facilities of commiuiica-
CONCLUSION. 109
tion may essentially affect the relative increase in different
parts of Massachusetts, and show the movement of the
population to be very different during the last half of the
present century from what it has been during the forty
years which have elapsed. The central position of Bos-
ton, and the convergency of the new lines of communica-
tion to it as a common centre for Massachusetts and New
England, together with the old lines of communication,
associated with the habits of the people for two centuries,
will operate to continue Boston as the great central depot
of commerce, to which people will be attracted by the pros-
pect of employment and the hope of reward. And those
whose local attachments are about this spot, will with a
sort of obstinate reluctance, part with their capital to build
up other places, unless the fruits are to contribute to the
prosperity of Boston. Still there may be other places be-
coming more and more central in the course of a few
years, and which will unitedly exercise some rivalry with
Boston for the business, or divert an important portion of it
to other places.
It would be interesting to exhibit a comparative view of
some of the other elements of the Commonwealth, similar
to what has here been given of the population since 1765 ;
but the considerations which have been presented in the
foregoing article, show the importance of the city of Bos-
ton to the state of Massachusetts. Within its Hmits there
was in 1840 about one eight part of the population of the
state; in 1790 there was less than one twentieth part; in
1765 there was one sixteenth part. There has been a great
accumulation of population in and near this city during the
whole period of fifty years. Within 10 miles of Boston
there is now (1846,) one quarter part of the population of the
state, amounting to more than 200,000, chiefly dependent
upon Boston as the centre of business ; in 1790 the number
within this range was less than a ninth part of the whole.
15
llO POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
Besides, Boston is not merely the seat of wealth and capi-
tal, but the centre of the commerce and manufactures of
Massachusetts, and to a great extent of New England,
though a large portion of the manufacturing establishments
are located at a distance from the capital. Its prosperity or
decline will be the prosperity or decline of the state. In
fact, Boston represents Massachusetts more fully than Paris
does France, or London, England, and in a far more em-
phatic sense than New York city, Philadelphia, Cincinna-
ti, or any other principal city in the Union, the states to
which they respectively belong. If the business of Bos-
ton is affected by any cause, it will be felt in every town in
this and in the other New England states, and far beyond.
THE COLORED POPULATION.
The following view of the colored population is designed
to exhibit their comparative numbers at different epochs,
and to present some general conclusions respecting their
future prospects.
The colored population never formed but a very small
part of the whole population of Massachusetts, and their
proportion to the whites has been reduced nearly one half
since 1765, and is likely to be reduced much more here-
after.
It seems that within a few years after the first settlement
in Massachusetts, some colored persons were brought into
the Province and reduced to slavery. Only a very few of
the whites, however, were ever concerned in the slave
trade. Opposition to slavery manifested itself from the
first, and increased until the Revolution. Very few seem
to have satisfied their minds that it was right to reduce
human beings to slavery, without fault of their own.
Public sentiment was excited more and more in opposition
to slavery until 1780, when the Constitution was adopted,
which declares "all men free and equal."*
* Since preparing thia article on the colored population of Massachusetts, I have seen " Que-
ries respecting the Slavery and Emancipation of Negroes in Massachusetts, proposed by the
Hon. Judge Tucker, of Virginia, and answered liy the Rev. Dr. Belknap," in 179-5, and pub-
lished in the 4th volume of the Massachusetts Historical Collections, from which I shall insert
in the notes extracts, to confirm the positions I have taken. Dr. B. says :
" It [the traffic in slaves,] was never supported by public opinion ; and the voice of conscience
was against it. A degree of infamy was attached to the characters of those who were em-
ployed in it : several of them in their last hours bitterly lamenting their concern in it ; and the
friei.ds of seamen, who had perished by the climate of Guinea, or in contests with the natives,
became seriously prejudiced against the business." — P. 197.
" Not much, however, was said in a public and formal manner, till we began to feel the
weight of oppression from ' our mother country,' as Britain was then called. The inconsist-
ency of pleading for our own rights and liljerties, whilst we encouraged the subjugation of oth-
ers, was very apparent ; and from that time, both slavery and the slave trade began to be dis-
112 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
The colored population of Massachusetts comprise not
merely the pure blacks of the African race and their vari-
ous mixtures with the whites, commonly called mulatloes,
but also mixtures of the whites and others with the Indi-
ans, particularly at Marshpee. The number of those who
are the pure descendants of the African race, is believed to
constitute a very small part of the colored population of
this Commonwealth, while most of them are a mixed
breed of whites with Indians and negroes, and have been
so, to a great degree, for the last fifty years or more.
In 1840, according to the United States census, Marsh-
pee contained 9 white males and 6 white females; 146 col-
ored males and 148 colored females; total, 15 whites and
294 colored persons. The population of that place are now,
and have been for more than half a century, mostly a
mixed race of Indians, negroes and others.
According to the Provincial census of 1765, the colored
population in the returns of 182 towns, was 4,978, to
which by adding 147, the number according to the United
States census for 16 towns in 1790, which were not re-
turned in 1765, and 74 for their number in Newbury and
Newburyport, whose returns in 1765 did not specify the
color, — this last lumiber being in proportion to the number
in those towns in 1790, — we have 5,199 for the estimated
number of the colored population in 1765. The next ta-
ble contains the number of the colored persons in Massa-
chusetts, according to the Provincial census of 1765 and the
six United States censuses, the number in the IS towns
just referred to being included in a parenthesis.
countenanced. The principal cause was jmhlic opinion ; and tlie present generation, at an
early stage of life, imbibed that opinion, which has grown up with their growth and strength-
ened with their strength." — P. 19S.
" Negro children were reckoned as an incumbrance in a family ; and when weaned, were
given away like puppies. They have teen publicly advertised in the newspapers 'to be given
away.' "—P. 2{X).
"The condition of our slaves, liowever, was far from rigorous. No greater labor was exacted
of them than of white people ; in general, they are not cMe to perform so much." — Id.
COLOKEU PERSONS IN THE TOWNS AND COUNTIES.
113
TABLE XVn. — Exhibiting the Number of Colored Persons in the Towns of Massachusetts,
according to the seven Censuses, by Counties.
TOWNS.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Male.
759
Fern.
931
Total
1690
Male
865
Fem.l Total
1010 1875
Male.
1399
Fern.
1028
Total
Boston,
848
766
1174
1468
2427
Chelsea,
43
21
20
16
15
774
21
952
36
1726
5
3
8
8
1407
3
1031
11
Suffolk County, -
891
787
1194
1484
870
1013 1883
2438
Amesbury, -
17
3
6
4
.
1
2
3
1
1
Andover, -
86
94
83
83
26
35
61
19
34
53
11
14
25
Beverly,
80
58
92
61
7
7
14
9
13
22
■ 9
14
23
Boxford,
10
6
16
1
-
.
.
1
4
5
.
1
1
Bradford, -
15
5
4
■^1
3
1
4
3
9
5
2
,
9
Danvers,
72
34
29
2l'
7
13
20
1
3
4
.
-
Essex,
-
.
-
-
13
11
24
6
8
14
4
4
8
Georgetown,
-
-
-
-
.
,
-
.
.
.
.
1
1
Gloucester, -
109
41
44
40,
11
14
25
7
10
17
6
3
9
Hamilton, -
.
-
12
16'
5
7
12
2
1
3
5
2
7
Haverhill, -
25
7
16
3
.
2
2
.
1
1
2
-
2
Ipswich,
101
79
57
55
10
7
17
3
5
8
4
7
11
Lynn,
49
20
13
7
5
3
8
4
7
11
i 21
23
44
Lynnfield, -
.
3
1
4
2
3
5
3
3
6
1 9
4
6
Manchester,
24
9
3
2|
1
2
3
2
1
3
.
-
-
Marblehead,
100
87
68
114
8
12
20
3
5
8
4
5
Methuen, -
3
4
2
l'
.
.
.
9
2
4
1
2
Middleton, -
35
16
16
11
2
3
5
5
3
8
-
1
Newbury, -
(38)
42
24
42
7
3
10
7
5
12
13
20
Newburyport,
(36)
70
70
83
56
42
98
26
28
54
17
2u
43
Rockport,' -
"
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Bowley,
22
9
16
4
2
1
3
1
1
2
-
-
.
Salem,
173
260
308
273
152
142
294
132
132
264
139
152
291
Salisbury, -
7
10
18
16
4
11
15
5
6
11
-
-
-
Saugus,
.
.
.
. 1
9
3
5
.
1
1
-
.
-
Topsfield, -
16
13
5
7
1
3
4
.
2
9
1
4
5
Wenham, -
33
10
8
5
3
]
4
.
1
1
.
.
.
West Newbury, -
-
-
-
- I
1
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
Essex County,
1051
880
911
860
328
327
655
242
280
522
233
274
507
Acton,
3
6
7
7
7
10
1
17
3
9
12
3
.
3
Ashby,
1
3
-
-
.
-
1
-
1
-
1
Bedford, -
16
2
5
9
.
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
Billerica, -
14
5
4
2
5
3
8
.
2
2
1 2
Boxborough,
.
9
5
6
6
8
14
15
12
27
7
4 11
Brighton, -
.
.
.
2
1
.
1
1
1
2
- 1 1
Burlington,
-
-
2
2
-
1
1
"
1
1
-
1
1
114
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TOWNS
1765
1790 1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Male
23
Fern.
30
Total
53
Male.
34
Fem.
45
Toul
79
Male
35
Fem.
42
T
Cambridge,
90
60
25
38
Carlisle,
.
2
7
8
3
5
8
2
3
5
.
.
Charlestown,
136
25
38
61
23
15
38
60
36
96
99
30
1
Chelmsford,
11
12
13
10
2
3
5
.
2
2
.
1
Concord,
27
29
38
28
24
10
34
15
13
28
10
13
-0
Dracut,
(39)
39
42
25
18
15
33
13
11
24
14
10
LM
Dunsiable, .
16
1
1
.
-
.
.
.
1
1
-
Framingham,
25
26
18
13
10
7
17
6
9
15
1
6
7
Groton,
15
5
4
1
5
4
9
4
5
9
1
3
!
HoUiston, .
8
15
3
10
-
.
.
1
-
1
3
-
?,
Hopkinton, .
17
12
8
16
1
-
1
3
7
10
2
■->
Lexington, .
44
8
6
10
1
3
4
2
1
3
.
-
Lincoln,
28
6
5
4
4
4
8
.
.
.
-
.
'
Littleton,
17
16
16
6
3
4
7
1
4
13
6
19
Lowell,
-
-
.
.
-
-
.
7
4
11
26
28
54
Maiden,
48
20
9
.
.
.
.
15
15
30
2
3
5
Marlborough,
21
8
4
2
5
6
11
4
4
8
3
6
9
Medford, .
49
34
25
-
7
7
14
12
7
19
8
6
14
Natick,
24
39
24
24
9
13
22
10
5
15
13
13
26
Newton,
18
25
26
19
2
6
8
4
4
8
6
-
6
Pepperell, .
4
20
9
9
2
3
5
5
3
8
2
4
6
Reading,
34
31
21
-
12
8
20
4
3
7
5
4
9
Sherburne, .
15
6
5
8
-
.
.
5
5
10
]
1
2
Shirley,
6
2
6
15
19
14
33
16
16
32
10
10
20
South Reading, .
-
.
-
-
-
-
3
4
7
1
-
1
Stoneham, .
32
8
4
.
.
.
.
.
-
1
1
2
Stow, ,
9
3
9
1
2
1
3
.
-
-
-
Sudbury,
28
2
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
Tewksbury,
5
7
5
-
-
-
4
3
7
-
-
Townsend, .
8
4
1
3
2
6
3
-
3
6
3
9
Tyngsborough, .
-
17
12
8
8
12
2
9
11
2
2
4
Waltham, .
13
10
6
5
2
3
-
.
7
3
10
Watertown,
11
11
5
9
4
9
5
6
11
4
"Wayland, .
-
9
3
5
1
2
1
1
2
.
-
We.st Cambridge,
.
.
.
5
2
3
.
2
-
'2
Westford, .
12
4
4
.
-
.
.
1
1
2
-
-
Weston,
18
23
16
4
2
1
3
-
-
-
-
-
Wilmington,
10
12
8
()
.
.
.
-
-
-
Woburn,
39
23
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
Middlesex County, 910
597
470
374
213
202
415
263
251
517
285
208
493
Ashbnrnham,
(y)
9
1
91
2
2
4
1
1
Athol,
^ 2
5
10
1;
1
2
3
Auburn,
1
. 1
1
*1
2
Barre,
19
38
71
59
15
17
32
6
6
12
'9
15
24
Berlin,
1
1
.
_
Bolton,
2
"l
1
'l
2
1
'3
1
1
2
1
' \
Boylslon,
15
15
7
1 1
1
Brookfield,
15
7
14
20
1 4
"4
8
1
'1
'5
'7
Charleton,
1
o
7
5
2
5
7
9
'9
18
8
T)
17
COLORED PERSONS IN THE TOWNS .AND COUNTIES.
115
-
TOWNS.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Male
1
Fern
Total
1
Male
Fem
Total
Male
1
Fern
Total
Dana,
1
Douglas,
14
2
'3
5
1 5
"2
1 '7
3
"3
6
Dudley,
15
12
9
'3
5
5
10
4
7
11
Fitchburg, .
2
1
2
'7
'&
15
Gardner,
1
*7
'5
'4
'9
6
"2
"s
3
2
5
Grafton,
21
18
12
5
7
12
9
7
16
11
8
19
Hardwick, .
5
13
9
7
10
16
26
4
6
10
6
4
10
Harvard, .
12
11
5
1
1
1
1
9
4
13
Holden, .
2
^
2
2
"1
1
Hubbardston,
15
18
14
9
10
19
'6
4
10
13
11
24
Lancaster, .
27
23
19
9
7
3
10
1
2
3
2
4
6
Leicester, .
7
8
7
23
2
2
2
2
4
2
4
6
Leominster,
5
8
9
1
1
Lunenburg,
7
2
8
21
9
'3
12
'7
9
16
'4
'2
6
Mendon,
9
3
9
11
5
5
10
3
10
13
17
20
37
Milford, .
12
12
5
2
2
4
2
8
10
4
1
5
Millbury, .
.
3
3
1
7
8
New Braintree, .
"3
14
'g
'9
1
"2
'3
1
1
3
5
8
Northborough, .
4
2
1
1
Northbridge,
5
6
1'
'1
'2
"3
1
1
North Brook-field,
.
"5
'3
"8
.
Oakham,
1
1
'1
"5
3
5
8
1
1
'2'
Oxford,
6
5
4
2
1
1
2
1
3'
'2
Paxton,
8
4
4^
"3
5
8
2
2
4
1
1
2
Petersham, .
"s
5
13
1
6
3
9
3
3
6
3
2
5
Phillipston,
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Princeton, .
3
1
4
"1
5
Koyalston, .
(2)
2
7
4
2
6
1
'1
2
"1
1
2
Rutland,
17
8
10
13
5
6
11
1
1
Shrewsbury,
16
12
13
5'
4
1
5
1
1
Southborough, .
10
1
Southbridge,
'l
"1
"2
1
"3
'4
'3
"5
's
Spencer,
'5
6
'1
'5
10
5
15
1
5
6
4
2
6
Sterling,
14
21
22
9
10
19
4
6
10
Sturbridge,
7
4
8
14
7
3
10
3
4
7
'6
11
17
Sutton,
18
12
4
7
3
1
4
1
1
Templeton,
1
1
1
1
'4
6
10
Upton,
"5
29
16
'7
1
1
2
3
5
3
4
7
Uxbridge,
13
17
23
19
9
7
16
14
16
30
18
26
44
Warren,
4
11
14
41
17
15
32
13
13
26
12
10
22
Webster,
23
25
48
Westborough,
13
'4
2
"4
"9
'5
14
7
"4
11
11
14
West Boylston, .
2
Westminster,
'2
'4
1
1
"4
1
5;
"3
'3
"e
Winchendon,
(2)
2
1
W
5
2
7
Worcester, .
25
51
83
88
41
54
95
36
54
90
6.
26l|
89
3121
151
Worcester Cc
unty,
317
409
490
468
237I
220
457
164
204)
368
573
*The 1 in the census of Gardner, is altered to 7 in the table, in order to make the total.
116
POPULATION
OF MASSACHUSETTS.
i
TOWNS. 1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Male.l
12
Fem.
14
Total
26
Male.
21
Fern.
29
Total'
50
JIale.
17
Fem
Total
Amherst, .
6
2
4
15
18 35
Belchertown,
6
12
24
8
12
20
4
5
9
3
1
4
Chesterfield,
2
5
2
1
1
2
2
2
4
Cuminiugton,
5
11
22
2
3
5
3
3
6
5
3 ^
Easthampton,
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
7j
1
1 2
Enfield,
2
1
3
4
3
7
1
1
Goshen,
8
10
2
1
1
1
1
.
Gran by.
2
#
.
1
1
Greenwich,
5
b
2
2
2
4
4
3
I
Hadley, .
20
19
22
7
8
9
17
5
9
14
13
9 22
Hatfield, .
21
14
29
33
25
27
52
21
14
35
8
8 16
Middlefield,
5
7
5
3
8
7
5
12
1
1
Northampton,
U
18
22
31
16
24
40
16
17
33
26
32 5-
Norwich, .
4
40
16
1
1
Pelham,
2
5
.
Plainfield, .
5
1
1
Pre scot t,
,
3
1
4
South Hadley, .
10
9
4
2
2
4
3
7;
2
-
Southampton,
1
7
6
1
^1
2
1
3
1
1
2
Ware,
1
1
3
6
5
2
"']
y
6
15
7
4
11
Westhampton, .
2
3
3
3
2
5
4
3
7
6
8
11
Williamsburg,
10
15
7
1
2
3
.
Worlhington,
5
22
12
9
10
19
4
4
8
10
b
lt3
Hampshire County
62
126
219
205
104
112
216
113
110
223
106
95
201
Blandford, .
2
y
19
38
17
11
28
15
12
27
6
8
14
Brimfield, .
4
2
11
2
11
10
21
y
6
15
4
5
'J
Chester,
(1)
7
3
14
11
3
14
8
7
15
4
y
i;;
Granville, .
4
13
2
14
9
10
19
9
10
19
1 4
3
7
Holland, .
12
2
1
1
1
1
1
Longmeadow,
6
3
4
1
1
2
3
2
5
1
1
Ludlow,
2
19
17
9
11
20
9
13
22
10
15
-J
Monson,
7
18
19
31
31
21
52
24
21
45
15
li
■Jt)
Montgomery,
2
2
6
3
1
4
1
2
3
Palmer,
2
12
15
19
5
3
8
13
12
20
13
8
L'l
Russell,
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Southwick, .
12
7
17
3
4
7
3
1
4
5
1
li
Springfield,
39
13
18
47
12
16
28
22
26
48
42
59
IHL
Tolland,
1
4
2
6
6
7
13
7
7
1 1
Wales,
4
5
3
3
6
1
1
.
Westfield, .
41
58
29
18
22
18
40
20
19
39
7
S
West Springfield,
52
54
55
16
18
34
24
27
51
26
20
ir.
Wilbraham,
2
25
10
12
/
8
15
1
7
14
ti
6
i-J
Hampden County,
112
243
215
303
166
140
306
174
173
347
152 160 -M-:
* In the census for 1800, there are 225 instead of 219 colored persons put down ns belonging to the tnw n-
at preHenl in Haniixshire county, tlie fi in Granby being proMiiied lo be n nii.vlnkc for 0. as the lurprc^'aii;
of its popnlalion wa.s ~'^(J and not T'J2
COLORED PERSONS IN THE TOWNS AND COUNTIES.
117
TOWNS.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Male.
6
Fem.
7
Total
13
Male.
8
Fein.
1
Total
9
Male.
1
Fern.
1
Total
Ashfield,
fl)
1
3
8
2
Bernardston,
1
1
1
1
Buckland, .
1
1
Charlemont,
2
2
9
2
4
1
5
Coleraine, .
ii
31
31
19
14
33
a
17
38
20
9
29
Conway,
13
7
12
10
3
13
4
2
6
Deerlicld, .
17
24
25
25
11
o
14
9
2
11
2
3
5
Erving,
.
17
51
68
Gill, .
1
1
1
1
Greenfield, .
1
3
19
1
9
13
22
5
10
15
9
11
20
Hawley,
1
1
2
Heath,
1
Leverett,
1
1
1
Leyden,
2
9
3
1
1
4
8
12
6
1
7
Monroe,
.
Montague, .
1
2
2
.
,
New Salem,
1
1
16
5
3
8
3
3
6
Northfield, .
6
5
1
1
3
3
6
4
4
8
3
6
9
Orange,
Rowe,
]
1
Shelburne, .
12
8
13
3
3
6
2
2
4
1
1
2
Shutesbury,
1
3
5
3
2
5
5
4
9
4
1
5
Sunderland,
d)
1
2
2
.
1
1
Warwick. .
2
2
4
6
1
1
Wendell, .
1
1
1
1
]
1
Whately, .
1
1
1
Franklin County,
29
82
131
98
77
58
135
85
106
191
52
36
88
Adams,
15
15.
28
10
13
23
14
14
28
21
14
35
Alford,
4
5
1
6
8
6
14
8
7
15
Becket,
n)
7
6
25
7
3
10
2
1
3
6
5
11
Boston Corner, .
.
Cheshire, .
12
18
13
14
27
5
6
ii
3
2
5
Clarksburg,
Dalton,
8
9
37
17
12
29
18
11
29
16
16
32
Egremont, .
f5)
5
1
2
3
8
11
4
7
11
7
6
13
Florida,
3
3
6
.
Great Barrington,
19
46
57
56
41
41
82
36
39
75
64
55
119
Hancock, .
1
3
4
3
J
4
4
2
6
7
8
15
Hinsdale, .
3
1
]
1
1
10
8
18
Lanes borough, .
ri5)
15
29
45
22
29
51
27
34
61
50
50
100
Lee, .
o
A
3
9
5
14
7
18
25
26
40
66
Lenox,
17
11
40
37
39
76
44
39
83
54
54
108
Mt. Washington,
1
1
1
1
1
New Ashford,
2
,
New Marlboro', .
ri3)
13
16
12
5
6
11
3
3
6
9
12
21
Otis, .
1
9
1
3
4
7
13
11
24
3
3
6
Peru, .
22
5
1
6
4
3
7
10
5
15
16
118
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TOWNS.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Male.
72
Fern
75
Total
147
Male.
Fern.
Total
Male.i
1
95
Fem.
107
Total
Pittsfield, .
10
45
80
128
79
87
166
202
Richmond, .
(4)
4
6
4
5
9
14
3
3
6
8
7
15
Sandisfield,
4
9
8
29;
4
5
9
3
6
9
2
3
5
Savoy,
1
2
1
1
1
1
Sheffield, .
26
n
103
85
87
71
158
92
91
183
99
79
178
Stockbridge,
27
64
71
49
16
22
38
33
31
64
46
44
90
Tyringham,
o
y
5
8
7
8
15
10
12
22
13
12
25
Washington,
2
10
11
4
1
5
1
2
3
7
12
19
W. Stockbridge, .
10
4
2
18
20
38
22
22
44
25
19
44
Windsor,
7
2
3
1
1
2
4
3
7
Williamstown, .
(5)
5
31
33
28
43
71
46
56
102
64
56
120
Berkshire County,
137
323
494
653
427
435
862
484
507
991
654
624
1278
Bellingham,
14
2
1
4
6
10
5
2
7
Braintree, .
66
18
7
'2
9
4
6
2
4
6
'2
3
'5
Brookhne, .
18
13
15
6
2
1
i
1
1'
1
2
3
Canton,
10
16
8
8
16
ii
13
24
14
23
37
Cohasset, .
1
1
1
1
2
3
Dedham,
36
16
29
31
12
15
27
4
14
18
10
11
21
Dorchester,
37
30
35
26
7
8
15
4
9
13
4
12
16
Dover,
4
1
3
1
3
1
1
.
Foxborough,
1
.
1
1
Franklin, .
"3
15
6
'4
14
18
1
1
2
1
1
Medfield, .
'4
15
19
10
5
5
10
6
2
8
2
"s; 10
Medvvay,
17
21
14
11
4
5
9
2
2
Milton,
47
27
30
19
12
10
22
'5
7
12
'4
'3
7
Needham, .
14
13
16
14
7
6
13
1
3
4
Quincy,
22
6
7
6
13
"3
'5
*8
3
3
Randolph, .
1
1
1
1
'1
1
Roxbury,
80
40
71
76
26
17
43
h
16
27
11
15
26
Sharon,
5
5
8
2
1
3
1
1
Stoughton, .
26
21
2
13
10
23
6
"s
14
'9
10
19
Walpole,
4
5
3
2
1
1
3
3
1 1
AVey mouth,
27
8
2
1
2
2
1
1
3 3
Wreniham,
30
2
29
15
"9
10
19
8
7
15
'3
3
Norfolk County, .
420
243
326
256
126
131
257
69
100
169
63
97i 160
Attleborough,
15
18
10
15
7
6
13
9
2
11
11
5
16
Berkley,
10
11
4
4
2
1
3
1
2
3
2
1
3
Dartmouth,
61
83
167
223
1 87
95
182
67
4
71
22
28
50
Dighton,* .
59
89
40
53
15
16
31
2
69
71
1
7
8
Easton,
4
17
12
6
7
4
11
6
6
12
7
9
16
Fairhaven, .
17
19
36
16
18
34
17
30
47
Fall River, .
42
1 16
30
46
23
23
46
11
15
26
Freetown, .
67
55
41
20
5
9
14
6
4
10
.
.
Mansfield, .
5
7
3
2
1
3
"1
1
* Wellington waa set off from Dighton in 1814, and was united to Dighton in 1828. It contained 7 col-
ored males and 11 colored females in 1820, who are added to those of Dighton in the above table.
COLORED PERSONS IN THE TOWNS AND COUNTIES.
119
TOWNS
1765
1790
1800
1810
I
1820
1830
1840
|Male.
Fern.
Total
Male.
Fern.
Total Male.
Fern.
Total
New Bedford,
.
38
160
190
97
113
210
212
171
383
405
362
767
Norton,
30
13
12
8
3
-
3
.
.
.
2
3
5
Pawtucket,
-
.
-
-
-
3
5
8
4
5
9
Raynham,
6
29
30
21
13
14
27
12
18
30
13
17
30
Rehoboth,
53
91
70
70
13
10
27
8
11
19
13
14
27
Seekonk,
-
-
-
-
9
13
22
6
16
22
14
7
21
Somerset,
-
62
20
14
3
7
10
.
3
3
.
.
.
Swanzey,
41
72
52
75
19
21
40
23
22
45
13
11
24
Taunton,
55
90
105
105
42
38
80
33
52
85
65
67
132
Westport,
-
56
78
75
23
1
24
47
36
36
72
1
25
24
49
Bristol County,
401
729
808
924
1 378
420
798
465
463
928
626
605
1231
Abington, .
21
15
34
14
7
8
15
4
4
8
6
7
13
Bridgewaler,
94
129
140
109
46
45
91
15
23
38
7
12
19
Carver,
.
12
6
.
3
1
4
.
.
.
1
1
Duxbury, .
8
10
7
8
5
7
12
13
15
26
2
11
13
East Bridgewater,
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
9
6
15
4
3
7
Halifax,
11
2
.
.
2
3
5
4
2
6
-
-
-
Hanson,
.
.
.
.
5
3
8
6
13
19
4
8
12
Hanover, .
(35)
35
21
15
7
8
15
2
1
3
8
5
13
Hingham, .
77
24
41
33
18
16
34
9
16
25
16
18
34
Hull, .
16
2
3
2
1
-
1
1
1
2
.
-
-
Kingston, .
11
18
17
5
4
3
7
.
1
1
3
2
5
Marshfield,
40
28
19
34
14
13
27
6
7
13
5
7
12
Bliddleborough, .
32
24
14
19
8
6
14
13
8
21
16
19
35
N. Bridgewater, .
-
-
-
.
.
-
23
17
40
11
11
22
Pembroke, .
22
43
40
44
2
7
9
7
11
18
5
3
8
Plvmontli,
77
54
55
34
24
22
46
19
24
43
12
13
25
Plympton,
12
4
1
2
-
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
Rochester,
22
54
24
25
19
21
40
22
25
47
18
19
37
Scituate,
107
65
64
74
30
18
48
21
25
46
21
32
53
Wareham,
5
10
15
2
3
8
11
2
4
6
9
10
19
W. Bridgewater, .
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
13
30
13
10
23
Flymouth County,
590
529
501
420
198
190
388
194
217
411
161
192 353
Barnstable,
56
55
50
47
17
22
39
26
30
56
20
12
32
Brewster, .
.
.
.
3
5
10
15
4
10
14
10
y
19
Chatham,
5
3
3
.
.
.
.
.
-
-
-
-
-
Dennis,
-
-
1
4
.
-
-
1
-
1
1
1
2
Eastham,
11
3 -
2
-
-
-
2
1
3
-
-
-
Falmouth,
31
38 41
49
23
19
42
8
18
26
8
11
19
Harwich,
23
11 29
1
1
5
6
3
3
6
1
-
1
Marshpee,
31
174 39
47
17
12
29
-
-
-
146
148
294
Orleans,
.
.
2
4
3
2
5
-
-
-
1
-
i
Provincetow
n.
(2)
2
4
.
2
.
2
.
.
-
-
-
-
Sandwich,
'32
47
36
56
20
6
26
16
11
27
21
24
45
Truro,
6
4
3
-
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wellfleet,
14
2| 9
-
.
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
-
Yarmouth,
22
33
46
23
10
7
17
18
17
35
10
14
24
Barnstable County,
233
372
263
236
98
83
181
78
90
168
218
219
437
120
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TOWNS.
1765 17901800
1810
1820
1830
1840
Male. Fem.
6i 2
Total
8
Male.
13
Fem.
9
Total
22
Male.
Fem. Total
Chilmark, .
17 16 94
42
- i
Edgartown,
20 7 30
86
40 43
83
5
10
15
13
7
20
Tisbury,
9: 10 78
28
4 2
6
9
2
11
-
-
-
Dukes Cou7ity,
46 33
1
202
156
j 50
47
97
27
21
48
13
7
20
Nantucket, .
110
228
300
132
115
247
!
132
147
279
423
155
578
TABLE XVIII. — Exhibiting the Number of Totvns and Districts incorporated, and the
Number containing Colored Persons, at the dates of the Censuses, within the territorial
limits of the several Counties as now constituted.
1765
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
COUNTIES.
Towns.
Towns.
Towns.
Towns.
Towns.
Towns.
Towns.
In-
Witli
In-
With
In
VVitii
In-
Witli
In-
With
In-
With
In-
With
cor-
col'd
cor-
col'd
cor
col'd
cor-
col'd
cor-
col'd
cor-
col'd
cor-
col'd
pora-
per-
pora-
per-
pora-
per-
pora-
per-
po ra-
per-
pora-
per-
po ra-
per-
ted.
sons.
ted.
sons.
ted.
sons.
ted.
sons.
ted.
sons.
ted.
sons.
ted.
sons.
Suffolk, - -
o
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Essex, - - -
21
21
22
22
23
23
23
23
26
23
26
25
28
20
Middlesex, -
36
36
41
41
42
41
44
34
45
34
46
38
' 46
35
Worcester, -
39
35
49
43
49
40
51
40
54
45
54
41
55
38
Hampshire, -
11
7
21
19
21
17
21
19
22
18
23
18
23
17
Hampden,
10
10
16
15
17
16
18
18
18
18
18
17
18
16
Franklin, - -
12
8
22
15
24
1\S
24
12
24
17
25
15
26
12
Berkshire,
12
12
26
23
30
24
31
27
30
27
30
26
31
25
Norfolk, - -
15
U
19
17
22
20
22
20
22
20
22
21
22
16
Bristol, - -
]1
11
15
15
15
15
16
16
19
18
19
18
19
17
Plymouth,
16
16
17
17
17
16
17
15
21
18
21
20
21
19
Barnstable, -
11
11
11
11
13
12
M
U)
M
ij
14
8
14
il
Dukes, - - -
3
3
3
3
3
3
o
3
o
3
o
o
3 1
Nantucket, -
1
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
Total, -
200
186
265
244
279
246
287
240
301
253
304
253
3091 228
NUMBER OF TOWNS CONTAINING COLORED PERSONS. 121
It appears from this tabic, (XVIII) that the whole num-
ber of incorporated towns and districts was greater than
that of those containing colored persons, in 17G5, by 14;
in 1790, by 21 ; in 1800, by 33 ; in 1810, by 47 ; in 1820,
by 48; in 1830, by 51 ; and in 1840, by 81 ; that, while
the number of towns had increased 109 in seventy-five
years, those with colored persons had increased only 42; and
that, in the fifty years from 1790, while the increase of towns
incorporated had been 44, the decrease of those with col-
ored persons had been 16. In the period of twenty years,
from 1820 to 1840, the increase of the towns was only 8,
but there was a decrease of 25 of those with colored per-
sons. The proportion of the incorporated towns contain-
ing colored persons, to the whole number, was 93 jier cent.
in 1765; 92-07 ;w cen^. in 1790; 8817 y>er cent, in 1800;
83-62 per cent, in 1810 ; 84-05 ;jer ce7it. in 1820 ; 8322
per cent, in 1830; and 73-78 />er cent, in 1840; — showing
a decrease of the former of nearly 20 p>Gr cent, during the
seventy-five years. Most of the towns incorporated from
1765 to 1790, were formed out of unincorporated places in
the westerly section of the Commonwealth; but since
1790, the new towns have been almost wholly formed in
consequence of a division of towns. From 1790 to 1840,
29 of the towns containing colored persons, were taken from
other towns, and incorporated, so that 199 are all that re-
mained in 1840 with colored persons, of the 244 towns
which had them in 1790, fifty years before. It seems from
this that the colored population are now less distributed
over the Commonwealth, and more concentrated in certain
towns and localities, and have been so of late years, than
formerly. In 1840, there were 30, and, in 1830, 32 towns,
which had only one colored person each.
122
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TABLE XIX. — Exhibiting the Colored Population of Massachusetts, according to seven
Censuses, from 1765 to 1840, togWier nith the Increase during each Period, and the Pro-
portion of the Colored to the White Population in 1765, 1790 and 1840, by Counties, the
Decrease being marked thus — .
r? —
1-^
= .1=1 1 o
1
3^
o
c
1
c
o
a*
■=
Census, 1820.
c
COUNTIES.
3
§
S2
3
ci i:
=
a !:
is
C
h'^
a
a
o f->
S o >.
Male.
Fem.
Total
c >»
o
O
"
o
a £
952
Suffolk,
...
891-104
' 787
4071194
i 290
1484! 24S
774
1726 157
Essex,
.
1051-171
! 880
31] 911
j-51
860
-20c
328
327
655L133
Middlesex,
.
910-313
1 597
-1271 470
-96
374
41
213
2U2
415i 102
AVorcester,
.
317
92
i 409 81 i 490
1-22
468
—11
237
220
457
-S9
Hampshire,
.
62
64
126 93 219
1-14
205
IJ
104
112
216
7
Hampden,
.
112
131
243—28 215
I 88
303
%
i 166
140
306 41
Franklin,
.
29
52
82; 49 131
'—33
98
3-
' 77
58
135
56
Berkshire,
-
137
181
323
171| 494
159
653
20t
) 427
435
862
129
Norfolk,
-
420-177
243
83 326
—70
256
]
L 126
131
257—88
Bristol,
.
401! 325
729
79, 80E
116
924
-12(
) 378
420
798
130
Plymouth,
.
590—61
529
—28 501
—81
4201— 31
I 198
190
388
23
Barnstable,
.
233 13t
' 372
Uiof
26:
-27
236—5.
3 98
83
181':— 13
Dukes,
-
46— i:
! 35
16t
20^
'—46
156—5'
i 50
47
97;— 49
Nantucket,
-
-
lie
) IIL
lie
226
J 72
300;— 53i 132
1 1
115
247
32
Total,
.
5199
264
1546:
98t
645i:
285
6737
3 3308
3432'6740
1
305
Increase per cent.,
-
5-0'
f .
18-lC
) -
4-41
- 1 -041 -
.
4-52
o
e Ec
° ss
Census, 1830.
c
Census, IS40.
rtr£
aiT
Proportion of the Colored
It
SeI
to the While Population.
COUNTIES.
Male. Fem.
Total
c
Male
Fern. Total
££g
1765
1790
1840
Suffolk,
8701013
1883i 555
1407
10312438
154';
1651
I0I6-9:
I to 22-8/
1 to 38-29
Essex,
242 280
522; —15
233
274
507
—54-1
— 373
40 41
64-81
186-35
Middlesex,
263 254
517, —24
285
208
493
—All
— 104
37-391 70-58
215-24
Worcester,
164 204
368! 205
261
312
573
25L
164
106-78 137-89! 165-34
Hampshire
113 110
223 22
106
95
201
131
75
102-69 148-38' 152-72
Hampden,
174 173
347 i —35
152
160
312
20C
69
79-54
77-98 118-66
Franklin,
85: 106
191 -103
52
36
88
6e
6
205-8t
260-96, 326-40
Berkshire,
484 507
991' 287
654
624
1278
1141
955
81-52
92-531 31-66
Norfolk,
69
100
1691 — 9
63
97
160
— 26t
—83
4MC
97-26; 331-12
Bristol,
465
4631 928 303
626
605
1231
S3C
) 502
52-1 1| 42-49; 47-87
Plymouth,
194
217
411 —58
161
192
353
—23-
J —176
42-65
5900 133-20
Barnstable
78
90
168 269
218
219
437
20^
1 65
52-11
45 65 73-48
Dukes,
27
21
48 —28
13
7
20
—261 —13
50-00
97-93' 196-90
Nantucket,
132
147
279: 299
423
155
578
578 468
-
41-00 14-59
Total,
3360
3685 7045
1624
4654 4015'8669
3470 3206
45-96' 68-33 84 09
Increase,
1
per cent.
-
-
-
2305
-
-
66-74 58-66
It appears from Table XIX., that, during the period of 75 and of 50 years, acconiing to the censuses, there
was ab.siilutely an increase of the colored population in 9, and a decrease in .'> counties ; but their proportion
to ihi; whiles, during llie 7.') years, was decreased in 11 counties and increased only in lltrkxhire. lirislol
and Nuntucket, and dnrin? the 50 years it decreased in 12 counties and increased oidy in Berkahirt: axvX
Nuntiii-kil.
PROPORTION OF COLORED TO WHITE POPULATION.
123
TABLE XX. — Exhibiting the Number of the Colored, and their Proportion to
the White Population, in Massachusetts, according to the seven Ce7isuses.
CENSUS.
COLORED POPULATION.
TOTAL.
PROPORTION TO WHITES.
Males.
Females.
Per cent.
Ratio.
In 1765
" 1790
" 1800
" 1810
" 1820
" 1830
" 1840
3,308
3,360
4,554
3,432
3,685
4,015
5,199
5,463
6,452
6,737
6,740
7,045
8,669
2-17
1-46
1-54
1-44
1-30
1-16
1-18
1 to 45-96
1 to 68-33
1 to 64 53
1 to 69-06
1 to 76-59
1 to 85-64
1 to 84-09
TABLE XXI. — Exhibiting the Number of the White, of the Colored, and of the
Whole Population, according to the seven Censuses, together with their increase
during six Periods.
NUMBER.
INCREASE DURING THE PERIODS.
CENSUS.
Whites.
Blacks.
Total.
Whites.
Blacks.
Total.
In 1765
238950
5,199
244149
Amt.
Per ct.
Amt.
Per ct.
Amt.
Per ct.
« 1790
373324
5,463
378787
134374
56-23
264
5-07
134638
55-14
" 1800
416393
6,452
422845
43,069
11-53
989
1810
44,058
11-63
" 1810
465303
6,737
472040
48,910
11-74
285
4-41
49,195
11-63
" 1820
516547
6,740
523287
51,244
11-01
3
•04
51,247
10-85
" 1830
603363
7,045
610408
86,816
16-80
305
4-52
87,121
16-64
" 1840
729031
8,669
737700
125668
20-58
1,624
23-05
127292
20-85
It is apparent that the increase of the colored population
during the several periods has been very unequal, and also
that it has been much less than that of the whites, with
two exceptions, namely, from 1790 to 1800, and from 1830
to 1840. These exceptions may have been, in part at
least, owing to the immigration of blacks from other states.
The increase of the blacks during the seventy-five years
from 1765 to 1840, was 3,470, or 66-74 ;?er ceiit. ; which is
less than one third of that (205-09 'per cent.) of the whites.
During the twenty-live years from 1765 to 1790, it was
only 264, or 5 07 per cent. ; which is not one eleventh part
of that (56-23 per cent.) of the whites. During the fifty
124 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
years from 1790 to 1840, it was 3,206, or 58-66 jpcr cent.,
which is a little more than three fifths of that (95*28 'per
cent.^ of the whites.
The small increase of the colored population from 1765
to 1790, being only 264, or 5 '07 per cent., while that of the
whites was 56 23 pe?^ cent., or over eleven times as great,
we ascribe chiefly to the effects of the Revolutionary War
on that class, conjoined with their degraded condition
among the whites. Before the war, most of them were
substantially in the condition of slaves.* Public senti-
ment, however, partly by the advance of more correct moral
views in the community, and partly by the increasing
desire of freedom from British rule, which stimulated
the colonists to gain their own freedom, had been, to a
great degree, awakened to the right and propriety of the
blacks enjoying their freedom ;f and, accordingly, in 1776,
*" I am inclined to think," says Dr. Belknap, " thai slaves were more numerous before 1763,
.than at thai time, because, in the two preceding wars, many of thena enlisted either into the
army or on board vessels of war, with a view to procure llieir freedom. One of my informants,
Prince Hall, a very intelligent black man, aged fifty-seven years, thinks that slaves were
most numerous about the year 1745. What their proportion was, to the whites, at that time, I
have no means to ascertain ; but I think it could not have been more than 1 to 40. I do not
make use of bills of mortality in estimating their number in proportion to the whiles, because
the blacks were always more sickly ami died in greater proportion." — Collections of the Mas-
sac/msetfs Historical Society, Vol. IV. p. 199.
" The winter here was always unfavorable to the African constitution. For this reason, white
laborers were preferred to lilacks ; and as whites were more numerous, there was not much en-
couragement to the importation of blaclcs, nor were they ever so prolific here as the whiles. In
the maritime towns, blacks were more numerous than in the country ; and I supjwse Boston
generally contained nearly one fourth part of the whole number of them. Excepting such
tradesmen as rope-makers, anchor-smiths and shipcarpenlers, who employ a great many hands,
scarcely any family had more than two ; some not more than one ; and many none at all. In
the country towns, 1 have never heard of more than three or four on a farm, except in one in-
stance, where tlie number was sixteen, and this was a didtingiashod singularity. The greater
number of husbandmen preferred white to black laborers." — id.
tTo the intiuiry respecting ' the mode by which slavery hath been abolished?' Dr. Belknap
says : " The general answer is, that slavery hath been alxilished here hy public opinion, which
began to be established alxiul thirty years ago [1765]. At the beginning of our controversy
with Great Britain, several persons, who before had eiitrrtaincd sentiments opposed to the sla-
very of the blacks, did tlicn take occasion publicly to remonstrate again.st tlie inconsistency of
contending for our own liberty, and at tlie same time depriving other people of theirs." * *
" The controversy began about the year 1766, and was renewed al various times till 1773." * *
INCREASE OF COLOKED PERSONS IN DIFFERENT PERIODS. 125
slavery was virtually abolished in Massachusetts by an
act of the legislature, after having existed there about a
century. During the Revolutionary War many of the
slaves were offered their freedom on condition of their en-
listing in the army. Medical men, attached to the army,
have expressed their fall conviction that the mortality was
much greater among the blacks than among the whites, in
the army of the Revolution. This is to be expected, from
their degraded condition, among a population in which the
whites so greatly predominated, in a time of war no less
than in a time of peace.*
The great increase of the whites during these twenty-
" In 1767, an attempt was made by the legislature to discourage the slave trade."— Co//ec-
tions of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol IV. p. 201.
In 1770, and to the time of the Revolution, there were trials in court to recover of master.-} for
services by negroes after twenty-one years of age.— id. p. 202.
" During the Revolutionary War, l\\& public opinion was so strongly in favor of the abolition
of slavery, that in some of tlie country towns, votes were passed in town meeting.?, that they
would have no slaves among them ; and that they would not exact of masters any bonds for the
maintenance of liberated blacks, if they should become incapable of supporting themselves." *
"In New Hampshire, blacks, by three years service in the army, obtained their freedom." —
id. p. 203.
* As to the query 7, respecting the condition of emancipated blacks. Dr. Belknap says : " If
a comparison be made between the former and present condition of this class of people in the
New England states, it may be said that unless liberty be reckoned as a compensation for many
inconveniences and hardships, the former condition of most of them was preferable to the pres-
ent. They have generally, though not wholly, left the country, and resorted to the raarilirrie
towns. Some are incorporated, and their breed is mixed with the Indians of Cape Cod and
Martha's Vineyard ; and the Indians are said to be meliorated by the mixture. Some are in-
dustrious and prudent, and a few have acquired property ; but too many are improvident and
indolent, though a subsistence for laboring people is here very easily obtained." * *
" They often suffer by damp, unwholesome lodgings, because they are unable to pay the rent
of belter ; and they are subject to many infirmities and diseases, especially in the winter." * *
" Tlie same provision is made by the public for the education of their children, as for those of
the whites."— CoWec<io?is of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. IV. p. 206.
" In age, decrepitude or insanity, they have the benefit of the laws, which oblige every town
to provide for the poor and infirm." — id. p. 207.
Dr. Belknap knew one colored man who was chosen a town clerk in one of the country
towns. * * In the insurrection of 17S6, " they offered their services to Gov. Bowdoin, to
go against the insurgents, to the number of 700." * * Dr. Belknap inclines to tlie opinion
of those who maintain that no difference can be traced between the blacks and the whites simi-
larly educated, as to their moral and social character ; and asserts that black men more fre-
quently marry white women than the contrary.— id. p. 209.
17
126 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
five years, beiug nearly as great as that during any period
of thirty years since, is to be referred to the settlement of
the western part of the Commonwealth, which, in 1765,
was almost a wilderness.
During the ten years from 1790 to ISOO, the increase of
the blacks was 9S9, or IS 10 per ceiit.^ which is more than
one and a half times that of the whites in Massachusetts,
and yet even this was only about half the average increase
of the whole population of the United States. This increase
of IS per cent, of the blacks is undoubtedly less than their
natural increase would be under the most favorable cir-
cumstances of society; but when we consider their condi-
tion — chiefly as servants, with some few in almost every
town, and subjected to many disadvantages unfavorable to
their physical comfort and enjoyment, to their moral im-
provement, and even to life — among the predominant class,
the whiles, even this increase of theirs was probably
owing, in part at least, to immigration into Massachusetts,
now made//-ee to them., virtually by the legislature in 1776,
and absolutely by the state constitution in 1780. But, in
1790, the territory of Massachusetts was mostly divided
into incorporated towns, and from that time we may con-
sider the emigration of the whites out of the state as com-
mencing, which has continued since, especially for about a
quarter of a century. This accounts for the small increase
of the whites from 1790 to 1800.
From 1800 to 1810, the increase of the blacks Avas only
285, or 4-41 per cent.., which is less than half that of the
whites, who emigrated out of the state in large numbers,
and with them probably a portion of the blacks.
From 1810 to 1820, the increase of the blacks was only
3, or -04 j)er cent.., which is less than one 222d part of that
of the whites. This very small increase may be very
much accounted for by the three following causes :
1. In 1813 and in 1817, important changes were made
INCREASE OF COLORED PERSONS IN DIFFERENT PERIODS. 127
in the laws of New York, by which slavery was substan-
tially or prospectively abolished in that state, and the
blacks were admitted to nearly equal privileges with the
whites, which they have enjoyed ever since. The conse-
quence was, that some blacks who had, before 1810, left
New York, then a slave state, and settled in Massachusetts,
ay>ee state, were known during these ten years to return
to New York, their native state, after it became free, thus
reducing the number of blacks in Massachusetts in 1820.
2. During the war of 1812 to 181.5, some colored persons
joined the army and never returned ; the mortality of the
blacks in the army being presumed to have been much
greater than that of the whites. At least one company of
blacks was formed in Boston during the war of 1812, and
placed under the command of Capt. Mackintosh. Major
, who was in the service during the whole of that
war, thinks that the mortality of the blacks in the army
was three times as great as that of the whites during that
contest.
3. The third cause was the emigration of the blacks out
of the Commonwealth. The American Colonization Soci-
ety was formed at Washington in 1816. " In 1817, two
agents were sent by the society to examine the western
coast of Africa, for a suitable spot for the colony. They
selected a position on the Sherbro, and in February, 1820,
the first vessel was despatched, with 88 colonists." We
are unable to say whether this expedition affected the num-
ber of the colored population in Massachusetts during this
period. But it is stated in the third Annual Report of the
Colonization Society, of the date of February 8, 1820, that
'' it is but a few years since Capt. Paul CufFee (who was
born in New Bedford, and who for many years sailed out
of Westport in his own vessel on various voyages,) carried
38 from Boston to Sierra Leone, chiefly at his own ex-
pense ; and in a letter, written after his voyage, he declares
12S POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
that he could have obtained the consent of the greater part
of the free people of color in that city and its vicinity to
remove to Africa. And, let it not be forgotten, that of
those whom he actually carried, there was not one disposed
to return with him to America." During these ten years,
also, upon the invitation of the Emperor of Hayti, some
colored persons left Massachusetts, as well as other parts
of the United States, and removed to St. Domingo.
From 1820 to 1830, ihe increase of the blacks was 305,
or 4-52 per cent., which is a little more than one quarter
of that of the whites ; and this is probably full as great as
their average decennial increase has been during the whole
seventy-five years, considering their condition among the
whites as the predominant class of the population. Some
have doubted whether their natural increase in Massachu-
setts has equalled the number of those who have died, and
who have emigrated out of the state during the last fifty or
seventy-five years ; and some have even supposed ihat,
without immigration, and without mixture with the whites,
the whole race would, in a few years, be extinct in this
Commonwealth.
The increase of tlie blacks from 1830 to 1S40, was 1,624,
or 23*05 /jer cent.\ according to the censuses of these years,
which is nearly 2| (2-47) per cent, more than that of the
whites, though this was 378 per cent, more than it had
been in any ten years since 1790. This increase of the
blacks is more than half their whole increase during the
fifty years from 1790 to 1840, and deserves explanation.
Nearly four fifths of this increase were males, and only
about one fifth /ema/e5 ; that of the females being 330, or
8-95 ^jer cent., and that of the males 1,294, or 38-51 per
cent. A great part of the whole increase of 23'05 per cent.
is clearly to be traced to the effect of immigration from
abroad, or to some cause other than their natural increase.
We feel sure that the increase of the colored population,
INCREASE OF COLORED PERSONS IN DIFFERENT PERIODS. 129
from natural causes, and exclusive of immigration, aver-
aged not more than 5 per cent, during each ten years from
176.3 to 1810, and less than half of 1 per cent, per annum.
It is also apparent that their increase, exclusive of immi-
gration, during each ten years from 1790 to 1810, cannot
have averaged over 1 per cent.., while that of the whole
population has averaged over 14 jwer cent. ; and, owing to
the emigration of the whites out of the state, this last
average has been less than half of that of the United States.
In 1820, the number of the colored females was 124
more, and in 1830, 325 more, than that of the males ; but
in 1840, the males were 639 more than the females ; so
that the proportion of the sexes was materially changed
during these last ten years. In other words, the proportion
of the females to the males, in 1820, was as 100 to 96-38;
in 1830, as 100 to 9118; and in 1840, as 100 to 115-91.
This change in the proportion of the sexes, from 1830 to
1840, can hardly be ascribed to natural causes, and sug-
gests the idea of immigration from other places as the cause.
We should expect this as the cause, from the well known
interest that has been felt very extensively over the whole
country, respecting the condition of the colored population
during these ten years.
We are confirmed in the correctness of this idea, when
we examine more closely the ages and the residences of
the males especially, according to the censuses of 1830 and
1840, as exhibited in the next two tables.
130
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TABLE XXII. — Exhibiting the Ce7isus of the Free Colored Persons in Massachusetts, in
1830, bij Counties.
MALES.
FEMALES.
COUNTIES.
o .
Ptt<
5?
is"
o
8
S
s
1
o
a"
1*
13 "^
1'
i
C3
i
•3
1
3
Suffolk,
178
173
250
209
60
.
870
194
259
278
210
71
1
1013
1883
Essex,
54
68
48
41
31
-
242
58
51
52
67
51
1
280
522
Middlesex,
56
86
55
42
24
.
263
59
71
53
43
28
.
254
517
Worcester,
37
52
31
19
25
.
164
47
67
35
33
22
-
204
368
Hampshire,
32
37
13
13
15
3
113
27
34
23
15
10
1
110
223
Hampden,
50
42
27
33
21
1
174
44
43
33
31
22
-
173
347
franklin,
29
14
14
20
8
.
85
26
22
9
13
9
34
106
191
Berkshire,
156
118
82
86
42
.
484
142
136
105
73
50
1
507
991
Norfolk,,
13
17
11
13
15
.
69
15
22
20
21
22
-
100
169
Bristol,
118
141
105
77
24
-
465
106
115
103
85
53
1
463
928
Plymouth,
38
61
32
32
29| 2
194
41
57
44
35
40
.
217
411
Barnstable,
9
37
16
5
7
4
78
15
42
12
11
9
1
90
168
Dukes,
2
2
8
10
5
.
27!
4
6
5
2
4
-
21
48
Nantucket,
22
41
33
26
10
-
132
.31
40
44
22
10
-
147
279
Total in 1830,
794
889
725
626
316
10
3360
809
965
816
661
394
40 3685
7045
Increase in 10
1
years,
114
230
719
245
—10
-4
1294
91
92
52
110
23
38 330
1
1624
Total in 1840,
908
1119
1444
871
306
6
4654j
900
1057
868
771
417
2;4015
8669
TABLE XXIII. — Exhibiting the Censjfs of the Free Colored Persons in Massachusetts, in
1840. bij Counties.
MALES.
FEMALES.
COUNTIES.
o
72
1^
is"
d
g
o
= S
c .
is
&
c5
5.S
to "
CO
'ii
1
fS
=3
1^
1^
5.S
1
1
Suffolk,
205
212
621
319
49
1
1407
211
254
279
216
71
.
1031
2438
Essex,
56
59
56
45
17
.
233
63
52
63
57
39
-
274
507 ;
Middlesex,
63
70
77
47
28
.
285
56
53
34
38
27
.
208
493
Worcester,
68
71
46
47
29
.
261
77
80
72
54
29
-
312
573
Hampshire,
30
39
10
17
9
1
106
24
32
10
23
6
-
95' 201 1
Hampden,
35
48
35
22
12
.
152
41
48
31
29
11
.
160i 312 :
Franklin,
8
21
12
5
5
1
52
4
13
6
7
()
-
36! 88
]5erkshire.
178
199
108
102
65
654
168
170
112
101
72
1
624 1278
Norfolk,
11
19
12
10
11
.
63
17
33
12
21
13
1
97| 160
Bristol,
122
121
246
104
33
.
626'
121
159
157
110
58
-
605 1231 1
Plymouth,
44
40
29
31
16
1
161|
45
41
38
40
28
-
192
353 !
Bnrnstable,
52
63
43
40
20
.
2l8i
51
59
28
43
38
.
219
437
Dukes,
.
12
.
.
1
.
13
.
3
2
1
1
-
/
20
Nantucket,
36
145
149
82
11
-
423 j
22
60
24
31
18
-
155
578
Total in 1840,
908
1119
1444
871
306
6
4651
900
1057
868
771
417
o
4ul5
8669
INCREASE OF COLORED PERSONS IN THE COUNTIES. 13 J
From the last two tables it appears that the increase of
the colored persons under ten years was, of females, 91,
and of males, 114, or as lOU to 125-27 ; of ten years and un-
der twenty-four, of females, 92, and of males, 230, or as
100 to 250; of twenty-four years and imder thirty-six, of
females, 52, and of males, 719, or as 100 to 138269; of
thirty-six years and imder fifty-five, of females, 110, and
of males, 245, or as 100 to 22272 ; of fifty-five years and
under one hundred, there was an increase of 23 females,
and a decrease of 10 males ; and of one hundred years
and upwards, there was a decrease of both sexes. We
leave out of the account the last two columns of ages, as
unimportant in this comparison.
It is evident that the preponderance of the increase of the
males over that of the females, daring the ten years from
1S30 to 1840, has been of those in tniddle and active life,
especially of the age of twenty-four years and under thir-
ty-six years — a result which is not surprising, when we
consider the discussions which have taken place during
this period in various parts of the country, respecting the
municipal regulations of some of the states. Those of the
tnale sex, and in active and middle life, would be most
likely, under the circumstances, to have emigrated from
other states into Massachusetts.
Undoubtedly there is an error in the census of Erving's
Grant in 1830, a town incorporated in 1838, and situated in
Franklin county. It is very singular that there should have
been exactly 17 colored males and 17 colored females un-
der one hundred years, and 34 colored females and no col-
ored males, of one hundred years and upwards, in Er-
ving's Grant, in 1830, but no colored person in that town
in 1840. The population of Erving stood thus at the two
dates : —
1^0
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
Census, 183U.
Whites males, - . . .
" females,
Total whites,
-
- 215
205
250
Census,
136
153
1840.
309
Colored males under one hundred years,
" females " " " -
-
17
- 17
Total colored persons "
-
34
Colored males of one hundred years and
" females " " '
upw
ards,
- 34
Total colored of all ages,
-
-
68
Total Population,
-
488
309
The increase of the blacks from 1830 to 1S40, was 1,624,
or 23-05 pet^ cent, according to the census ; if we correct
the census by rejecting 68 put down as belonging to Erv-
ing's Grant, in 1830, the number in that year would be
(7,045-68=-) 6,977, and the increase in ten years, 1,692, or
24-23 per ce?it., which is 3-65 per cent, more than that of
the whites during the same period. But Marshpee was
wholly omitted in the census of 1830; and contained 294
colored persons in 1840, and. is more than an offset to the
presumed error for Erving in 1830. Adding 294, which
may be supposed to have been the number of colored per-
sons in Marshpee in 1830, to 6,977, and we have 7,271 as
the estimated number of blacks in 1830, instead of 7,045 ;
and consequently the increase from 1830 to 1840, will be
(8,669—7,271=) 1,398, or 19-21 jjer cent., which is 164
per cent, less than that of the whites. This increase should,
perhaps, be reduced some 452 on account of over-number-
ing, particularly of sea-faring persons, in Ward 2 in the
city of Boston. By deducting 452 from 1,398, we have
946, or 13-01 per cent.., as the estimated increase of blacks
in Massachusetts from 1830 to 1840, which is 1-^1 'per cent.
less than that of the whites. We cannot depend upon
those general censuses for minute details in small locali-
INCREASE OF COLORED PERSONS IN THE STATE. 133
ties ; they rather serve for general comparisons for large
districts. We conclude that the increase of the blacks,
from 1830 to 1840, was considerabhj larger titan their aver-
age din'in g the preceding decennial periods ; andyet^ though
aided by emigration from other states, was not more than
two thirds that of the whites.
According to the state census of May 1, 1840, the whole
population of Boston, except "state paupers and convicts
in the state prison," was 83,979, May 1, 1840 ; but accord-
ing to the United States census, June 1, 1840, one month
later, it was 93,383, or 9,404 more. According to the
United States census, the number in Ward 2 was 15,282,
or 8,465 more than the number in the state census. 7,683
are put down in this ward as '-employed in the naviga-
tion of the ocean," which is undoubtedly too large a num-
ber. From the loose manner in which the United States
census was taken in this city — such as sailor boarding-
houses containing over a thousand persons in a single fam-
ily — this census represents the population of Boston to have
been at least some 8,000 more than it actually was in
1840. A portion of this over-enumeration were undoubt-
edly colored persons in the United States census of 1840.
In the views, however, which we propose to give relat-
ing to the colored population of Massachusetts, we shall
follow the numbers as they stand in the censuses, and the
inferences which we draw respecting their condition and
prospects, will require but little modification from the slight
errors which may exist in the censuses themselves.
The two following tables exhibit the colored population
of the several wards of Boston, according to the United
States censuses of 1830 and 1840 :
18
134
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TABLE XXIV. — Exhibiting the Census of the Colored Population of Boston in 1830.
MALES.
FEJLALES.
WARDS.
c
o
Co
30
C I-
c.
5
1 1
g
1
60
P
10
.
9
S5
i|
10
§8
3
Q.
■a
c
s
i
"a
47
c
Ward 1
9
5
29
14
3
15
r "
a o
16
6
62
18
2
.
104
19
19
30
17
4
89
1
" 3
o
5
10
4
1
-
22
2
2
12
3
1
L'li 1'.-'
a 4
.
9
3
6
1
.
19
3
11
8
5
.
'J 7 i "
" 5
12
17
18
22
1
.
70
21
31
37
22
4
li- >5
6
65
55
55
77
17
.
269
69
83
80
77
27
3: '' i'ij5
" 1\
49
49
48
45
15
.
206
47
65
58
52
22
241 1-''
" s'
2
5
7i 5
.
-
19
1
6
7
5
.
19
" 9
.
o
i: -
1|-
4
9
2
1
1
1
7
" 10
3
8
5{ 5
5 -
26
8
13
11
4
2
:■> ■ ;
" 11
3
1
4 -
.
.
8
2
7
8
3
.
:.' '
" 12
17
11
8 11
11
-
58
10
10
11
11
5
4^ U'lI
Total,
178
173
250
207
57
.
865
194
258
278
210
69
1010 1S75
Inc. in 10 yrs.
27
39
364
111
—8
1
534
17
—4
1
5
-
-1
18 5:V-'
Total in 1840,
205
212
6I4I 318
49
1
1399
211
254
279
215
69
-
10282127
TABLE XXY.— Exhibiting the Census of the Colored Population of Boston in 1840.
MALES.
FEIMALES.
WARDS.
.
Z p
1^
2^
= St
5§^
is
e
ca
8
£
E
"a
12
5^
22
16
c .
15
is
c Ir,
1
d.
•3
c
a
s
i
"3
66
■3
f2
Ward a 1
10
22
25
16
9
.
82
148
(( ■ 9
14
26
403
133
6
.
582
23
40
24
19
5
.
111
693
" 3
.
.
.
.
.
-
-
1
4
9
1
.
.
8
8
" 4
7
15
39
16
4
-
81
8
19
14
14
2
.
57
138
" 5
25
24
20
16
5
1
91
25
25
30
22
9
.
111
202
" 6
137
95
116
127
14
489
139
120
164
130
46
.
599
1088
7
.
4
6
-
10
-
5
10
1
.
16
26
" 8
.
2
.
-
.
-
2
.
2
1
-
1
.
4
6
" 9
.
9
.
.
1
_
3
1
3
4
5
1
-
14
17
" 10
.
1
1
1
-
.
3
-
.
-
.
-
.
.
3
■' 11
3
7
1
4
9
.
17
.
8
2
3
2
,
15
32
" 12
9
14
212
614
5
318
8
49
1
39
1399
9
211
6
254
12
279
5
215
2
69
—
27
66
Total,
205
1028
2427
INCREASE OF COLORED PERSONS IN BOSTON. 135
By comparing the census of the colored population of
Boston in 1830, with that in 1840, we see that their in-
crease in Ward 2, in these years, was 500, of whom 478
were males and only 22 females. We have no reason for
supposing that there was any material increase in this ward
during the time. The reason of the great increase, accord-
ing to the census, was probably this : that those who were
employed in taking the United States census of 1840, in-
cluded all the colored persons who were reported to them
as having been for several years previously residents in
families, especially in sailor boarding-houses, instead of in-
cluding those only who actually had their residence in that
ward, June 1, 1840, as appears to have been the case in
enumerating the white population.
From 1830 to 1840, the increase of the males, in Ward
2, was 478, while that of the females was only 22, accord-
ing to the United States census; of this increase of the
males, 456 were of 24 and under 55 years of age, and
amount to within 96 of 552, the increase in all the wards.
In Ward 2 there were 502 colored persons " employed in
the navigation of the ocean." There was also a large in-
crease in Ward 6, in which a large portion of the colored
population have resided for many years. In explanation
of the great increase in Ward 6, and the great decrease in
Ward 7, during the ten years, it may be remarked that by
a new division of the w.ards of the city in 1838, a portion
of Ward 7, the most densely populated with blacks of any,
was annexed to Ward 6 ; and it will be perceived that the
aggregate of the two wards, 6 and 7, is nearly the same in
the two censuses. Also, previous to 1838, Ward 12 consti-
tuted most of the present Wards 11 and 12. In the re-
maining 7 wards, the numbers of the colored people were
nearly the same at both epochs. After making allowances
for the probable over-enumeration of the inhabitants in
Ward 2, it is fair to suppose that the increase of the col-
136 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
ored population of Boston was very small during these ten
yearsj and had they not been sustained by immigration,
there would in all probability have been a decrease.
If we reduce the number of the colored population in
the United States census of 1840, four or five hundred, on
account of over-enumeration in Boston, their proportional
increase in the whole state will be only about two thirds
that of the whites ; and thus reduced, it has been sustained
very evidently by means of emigration from abroad : and
without such emigration, the increase would have been
very small from 1830 to 1840. And we may presume,
that without emigration from abroad, the colored popula-
tion, by occasionally leaving the state, will at length de-
crease, and finally become extinct as a race.
According to the United States census of 1840, the pro-
portion of the blacks to the whites in Massachusetts, was
as 1 to 8409. It may be interesting to see the proportion
in the state of New York at the same time. In the north-
ern district, the number of the colored males was 6,435,
females 6,428, — total colored, 12,863 ; and that of the
whites, of both sexes, 1,670,205, or in the proportion of 1
colored person to 129-84 whites.
In the southern district, the number of colored males
was 17,374, females 19,790, — total free colored, 37,164;
and that of the whites, of both sexes, 708,685, or in the
proportion of 1 free colored to 19 whites.
The total colored were 50,027; to which add 4 female
slaves, and we have 50,031 for the whole number of colored
persons, while the whites amounted to 2,378,890. The pro-
portion of the colored to the whites in that state was as 1 to
47-55, or nearly twice as great as it was in Massachusetts
at that date, and nearly 45-96, the proportion in Massachu-
setts seventy-five years before.
The number of colored males in New York was 23,809,
and of females, including 4 slaves, was 26,222, showhig an
INCREASE OF COLORED PERSONS IN DIFFERENT COUNTIES. 137
excess of females of 2,413. This gives the proportion of
females to males of 100 to 90*80, a result very difl'erent
from what it was in Massachusetts in 1840, and indicating
the absence of the kind of emigration to New York which
obviously took place in Massachusetts.
From the peculiarities of the blacks, and their position
among the whites in Massachusetts — their color giving
rise to prejudices against them, fixed and immoveable —
their servile and degraded condition among the whites,
their small numbers, their poverty and dependence, their
want of sympathy not merely with the whites, but on ac-
count of their scattered position — there being 228 out of
309 towns, in 1840, containing some of them — their want
of sympathy and of easy intercourse with each oiher, by
which they are deprived of social enjoyments, and are far
distant from the means of mental improvement, which
give a zest and a value to life, and add years to its dura-
tion ; from these circumstances we expect their localities to
be more changeful, and their increase less regular from
year to year than that of the predominant class. We find
that in 8 counties, namely, Essex., Middlesex^ Hatnpshire,
Hampden^ Franklin.^ Norfolk^ Plymouth and Dukes ^ there
was a decrease of the blacks of 294, or 12-10 jter cent.,
from 1830 to 1840. In Franklin and Dukes counties the
number was diminished one half
In the other 6 counties, namely, Suffolk, Worcester,
Berkshire, Bristol, Barnstable and Nantucket, as will ap-
pear from Tables XXVI and XXVII, there was an increase
of 1,918, or 4:1 04: per cent., a number sufficient not merely
to ofi'-set the decrease in the 8 counties, but to make the
proportion of their increase in the state exceed that of the
whites. Of these 1.918, the females were 522 and the
males 1,396, or in the proportion of 100 to 267*43. The
large proportion of the increase of the males in these 6
counties, confirm us in the opinion of their emigration
from other states.
13S
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TABLE XXVI. — Exhibiting the Census of the Free Colored Population of six Counties
in 1830.
BIALES.
FEMALES.
COUNTIES.
o .
0) ffl
t3
is
in
o
5
"5
1
o
=3
1'
£ h
Co
o
3
■a
§
8
1
1
Suffolk,
178
173
250
209
60
,
870
194
259
278
210
71
1
1013
1883
Worcester,
37
52
31
19
25
164
47
67
35
33
22
-
204
368
Berkshire,
156
118
82
86
42
.
484
142
136
105
73
50
1
507
991
Bristol,
118
141
105
77
24
.
465
106
115
103
85
53
1
463
928
Barnstable,
9
37
16
5
7
4
78
15
42
12
11
9
1
90
168
Nantucket,
22
41
33
26
10
-
132
31
40
44
22
10
-
147
279
Total in 1830,
520
562
517
422
168
42193
535
659
577
434
215
4
2424
4617
Increase in 10
1
years.
141
249
696
272
39
-11396
115
123
95
121
71
-3
522
191B
Total in 1840,
661
811
1213
694
207
3 3589
650
782
672
555
286
1
2946
6535
TABLE XXVII. — Exhibiting the Census of the Free Colored Population of six Counties
in 1840.
MALES.
FEMALES.
COUNTIES.
o
1-1 ^
c .
1^
c .
■a"
c ^
1"°
§8
■a"
d
■a
g
g
I- ^
211
254
c .
to
n
216
1"°
c.
-3
C
s
i
"3
1
Suffolk,
205
212
621
319
49
1
1407
279
71
1031
2438
Worcester,
68 71
46
47
29
.
261
77
80
72
54
29
-
312
573
Berkshire,
178 199
108
102
65
2
654
168
170
112
101
72
1
624
1278
Bristol,
122 121
246
104
33
.
626
121
159
157
110
58
.
605
1231
Barnstable,
52 63
43
40
20
.
218
51
59
28
43
38
-
219
437
Nantucket,
36 145
149
82
11
-
423
22
650
60
782
24
31
18
-
155
578
Total in 1840,
66l' 811
1213' 694
207
3 3589
672
555
286
1
2946
6535
In the 8 counties in which there was a decrease of 294 persons,
according to the censuses, it will be seen by Table XXVIII, that of
this decrease 102 were males and 192 were females.*
*If we omit the colored population for Erving, in Franklin county, in 1830, on account of probable error
in the census, the number of males in lliese 8 counties, in 1830, would be 1,150, and their decrease in ten
yeans 85 ; and that of the females 1,210, and of their decrease in the ten years 141 ; and the total decrease
226, instead of 294, as will appear from the table on the last half of page 139.
INCREASE OF COLORED PERSONS IN DIFFERENT COUNTIES.
139
TABLE XXVIII. — Exhibiting a Comparative View of the Colored Population of the eight
Counties which decreased from 1830 to 1840.
MALES.
FEMALES.
o .
o "
c5
Sir-
is =
•3'" C
:;^ 8
o —
"3
S
"3
o .
3^-
c •-
o ^
3l;
-a'-"
is
5.2
o
■a
a
g
s
1
■3
1
14 counties in
1830, .
794
889
725
626
316 10
3360
809
965
816
661
394
40
3685
7045
6 counties in
1830,
520
562
517
422
168
4
2193
535
659
577
434
215
4
2424
4617
8 counties in
1830, .
274
327
208
204
148
6
1167
274
306
239
227
179
36
1261
2428
14 counties in
1840, .
90S
1119
1444
871
306
6
4654
900
1057
868
771
417
2
4015
8669
6 counties in
1840, .
661
811
1213
694
207
'
3589
650
782
672
555
286
1
2946
6535
8 counties in
1840, .
247
308
231
177
99' 3
1065
250
275
196
216
131
1
1069
2134
Decrease of 8
counties in
10 years,
27 19
+23
27
49 3
102
24
31
43
11
48
35
192
294
^
^
8
i
2
^
s§
1
1
ca
i^
S
■a
■3
-3
cS
C3
c
a
'-'
3
■a
3
•T3
3
3
T3
■3
S
■a
■a
■3
■3
^
S
t3
o
S
a
a
to
!3
C3
8
•3
1
c
a
o
c
A.
3
3
o
8
2
.5
•3
Franklin county in 1830, ac-
29 14
14
20
8
.
85
26
22
9
13
2
34
1U6
191
F.rving,
7 -
3
6
1
17
7
6
2
2
-
•M
61
68
Franlilin county exclusive of
Erving, . . - .
22 14
11
14
68
19
16
V
11
2
-
bb
123
Decrease in Franklin county
in ten years, exclusive of
Erving, ....
14,*+7
+1
y
2
+1
16
lb
3
1
4
-H
19
3b
Franklin county in 1540, ac-
cording to census.
8
21
12
5
5
1
52
4
13
6
7
6
36
88
8 counties in 1830, according
-
to census, . - . -
274
327
20S
2fM
148
6
U67
274
306
239
227
179
36
1261
•.il2i!
Erving,
7
3
6
1
17
7
6
2
^
34
51
68
8 counties exclusive of Ervin?,
267
327
205
193
147
6
1150
267
300
237
225
179
2
1210
2360
Decrease in 8 counties exclu-
!
sive of Ervin?, -
20
19
+26
21
48
3
85
17
25
41
9
48
I
141
226
8 counties in 1840, according
to census, . - - .
247
308
231
177
99
3
1065
250
275
196
216
131
1
1069
2m
* The figures marked thus + show an increase.
140
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
Thus the number of males in the 8 counties, exchisive
of Erving, would be 1,150, or 60 less than that of the fe-
males in 1830, and only 4 less in 1840. At each of the
dates the sexes were very nearly equal. The causes, apart
from the peculiar immigration during these ten years,
which aflect the increase or decrease of the colored popu-
lation, seem to have been remarkably free to operate in
these 8 counties. In the county of Middlesex, there was
an increase of 22 males, while the decrease of females was
46, as will appear from the following table, exhibiting the
decrease in these 8 counties :
COUNTIES.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Essex, - - - -
9
(J
15
Middlesex, -
+22
46
24
Hampshire,
7
15
22
Hampden, -
22
13
35
Franklin, exclusive of Erving,
16
19
35
Norfolk,
6
3
9
Plymouth. -
33
25
58
Dukes, . - - -
14
14
28
Total,
85
141
226
It is obvious that natural causes of increase had not sus-
tained the number of blacks in these counties, and that
there was a decided tendency to a decrease of their num-
ber during these ten years.
In two of the 6 counties in which there was an increase
of the blacks, namely, in Worcester and Barnstable^ the
females preponderated over the males in 1830 and in 1840,
but the increase of each sex was 237, and the whole in-
crease 474, or 88-43 7>er cent.^ as appears from Table XXX.
In the 4 remaining counties, the whole increase of the
blacks was 1,444, or 35*30 per cent., of whom 285 only
were females and 1,159 were males, or in the proportion of
INCREASE OF COLORED PERSONS IN DIFFERENT COUNTIES.
141
100 to 406-66, which is over 4 males to 1 female, and dilFers very-
little from the proportion of increase in the whole state, where the
females were 330 and the males 1,294, or as 100 to 392-12.
TABLE XXIX. — Exhibiting a Comparative View of the Colored Population of the six
Counties (see Tables XXVI and XXVII,) which increased from 1830 to 1840.
MALES.
FEMALES.
a .
4,
i,
g
1 ^ A
i
Co
s-
^
3-*
= CD
so
t- *-■
-^'■■^
^'-'
^
^2-3^
"w "^
i
%-■
1^
C3
c "
^1.
1^
s
d
^
B "
CN
5^
is
—
Total
Total
Census of 6
counties in
1830,
520
562
517
422
168
4 21931
535
659 577
434
215
4
24244617
Census of
Worcester
and Barn-
stable in
1830,
46
89
47
24
32
4 242
62
109
47
44
31
1
294 536
Census of 4
counties in
1830,
474
473
470
398
136
- 19511
473
550
530
390
184
3
2130
4081
Increase of
Worcester
and Barn-
stable in
10 years,
74
45
42
63
17
-4
237
66
30
53
53 36
-1
237
474
Census of
Worcester
and Barn-
stable in
1840,
120
134
89
87
49
-
479
128
139
100
97^ 67
"
531
1010
Census of 6
1
counties m
1840,
661
811
1213
694
207
3 3589
650
782
672
555
286
1
2946 6535
Census of
Worces. &
Barnstable
in 1840,
120
134
89
87
49
,
479
128
139
100 97
67 - 1 53i;i01D
counties in
1
1 1
1840,
541
677
1124
607
158
3
3110
522
643 572! 458
219
1 2415 5525
Census of 4
1
1
I
counties in
1
1830,
474
4731 470' 398
136
.
1951
473
550 530 390
184
3 2130 4081
Increase of 4
counties in
i
1
1
! 1
10 years.
67
204
654
209
22
3
1159
49
93
42 68
35
-2 2851444
19
142 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
We perceive by inspecting Table XXX, that in two of
these counties, namely, Berkshire and Bristol, the propor-
tion of the sexes was not materially different at the two
dates, and that the increase of the males was 331, or 34-S7/?er
cejit., and that of the females 259, or 26-70 per cent. ; that
of the whole being 590, or 28-70 per cent. These numbers
of increase give the proportion of 100 females to 127-79
males, which differs from the usual law of a near equality
of the sexes from natural causes alone, and must arise
from immigration. But when we examine the increase in
Suffolk and Nantucket counties, the difference of increase
in the proportion of the sexes becomes much more mani-
fest, and indicates much more strongly the influence of for-
eign causes. Here we find the increase of the males 828,
or 82-63 per cent., of females only 26, or 2-24 per cent.,
and of both sexes 854, or 39-50 per cent. These numbers
give the proportion of 100 females to 3,184-61 males.
INCREASE OF COLORED PERSONS IN DIFFERENT COUNTIES.
143
TABLE XXX. — Exhibiting a Comparative View of the Colored Population of the four
Counties of Suffolk, Berkshire, Bristol and Na7itucket, (see Table XX.lX,)from 1830 to 1810.
MALES.
FEMALES.
o .
S^
1^'
a .
is
3
"a
B
o
71 E
i^
1^
§8
d
g
1"
CO
in
g
^
C3
o
g
g
2
Census of 4
counties in
1830,
474
473
470
398
136
.
1951
473
550
530
390
184
3
2130
4081
Inc. of 4 co's
in 10 yrs.,
67
204
654
209
22
3
1159
49
93
42
68
35
-2
285
1444
Census of 4
counties in
1840,
541 677
1124
607 158
3
3110
522
643
572 458
219
1
2415
5525
Census of
Berkshire
and Bristol
in 1830,
274
259
187
163
66
.
949
248
251
208
158
103
2
970
1919
Increase of
Berkshire
and Bristol
in 10 yrs.,
26
61
167
43
32
331
41
78
61
53
27
-1
259
590
Berkshire
and Bristol
in 1840,
300
320
354
206
98
2
1280
289
329
269
211
130
1
1229
2509
Census of
Suffolk &
Nantucket
in 1830,
200
214
283
235
70
.
1002
225
299
322
232
81
1
1160
2162
Increase of
Suffolk &
Nantucket
in 10 yrs.,
41
143
487 166
-10
1
828
8
15
—19
15
8
-1
26
854
Census of
—
—
Suffolk &
Nantucket
in 1840,
241
357
770 401
60
1
1830
233
314
303
247
89
-
1186
3016
144
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
From the next table (XXXI,) it appears that the increase in the
two counties of Suffolk and Nantucket was greater, especially of
the males, than in any of the other counties during the last decen-
nial period.
TABLE XXXI. — Exhibiting a Comparative View of the Colored Population of the Coun-
ties of Suffolk and Nantucket, with those of the other twelve Counties, from 1830 to 1840.
MALES.
FEMALES.
c
e .
CO
55 and un-
der 100.
100 and up
"3
E
1
o .
si
2"
is
-a "
■a
i
8
1
Increase of
14 go's in
10 years,
1J4
230 719i 2451—10-4
1294
91
92
52
110
23
38
330
1624
Increase of
12 coun-
ties,
73' 87
232
79
.
-5
466
83
77
71
95
15
o7
304
770
Increase of
Suffolk &
Nantucket,
41
143
487
166
—10
1 828
8
15
—19
15
8
-1
26
854
Census of 14
counties in
1830,
794
889
725
626
31610
3360
809
965
816
661
394 40
3685 7045
Census of
Suffolk &
Nantucket
in 1830,
200
214
283
235
70
-
1002
225
299
3221 232
81[ 1
11602162
Census of 12
—
• 1
counties in
1
1830,
594
675
442
391
24610
2358
584
566
494
429
313 39 2525 4883
1 1 :
Census of 14
counties in
1840,
Census of
Suffolk &
Nantucket
in ISIO,
Census of 12
counties in
1840,
908
241
667
1119
357
762
1444
770
674
871
101
470
306
60
246
6
1
5
4654
1830
2824
900
233
1057
311
743
868
303
565
771
217
524
417
89
328
2
2
4015
1186
8669
30 IG
667
2829
5653
PROPORTIONS OF COLORED PERSONS, 146
The proportions of the number of the free colored per-
sons under the several ages, in the United States, was very
nearly the same in 1830 and in 1840, and may be regarded
as the standard proportions with which to compare those
in any one of the slates. They differ considerably from
those in Massachusetts and in parts of Massachusetts at
the two dates, as will be seen by inspecting Table XXXII.
The proportions of both sexes under 10 years of age, in
1830 and in 1840, was greater in the United States than in
Massachusetts or in any instance in parts of Massachusetts.
The change in the proportions of the colored population
of Massachusetts was very perceptible during these ten
years ; that of the males being 6 per cent, more, and that
of the females 6 per cent, less, in 1840 than in 1830 ; and
this is even less than what belonged to the males alone of
24 years and under 36. The proportion of the increase of
the males was nearly four times that of the whites during
these ten years, or as 79-68 to 20-32 per cent., showing the
great disproportion in the increase of the sexes.
As we examine the parts of the Commonwealth, we no-
tice some changes in the proportions of the people of color
from 1830 to 1840. In the 8 counties in which there was
a decrease of the people of color, the proportions generally
were not much altered during the period, that of the fe-
males being 1-85 per cent, more in 1830 than in 1840. But
the proportion of the decrease of the females in these coun-
ties was over 30 per cent, more than that of the males.
The increase of the colored population in the 6 counties
of Suffolk, Worcester, Berkshire, Bristol, Barnstable and
Nantucket, was 1,918, or 41-54 per cent., during the ten
years. The proportion of the males was 7*42 j^er cent.
greater in 1840 than in 1830. The proportion of the in-
crease of the males was 72*78 per cent., and that of the fe-
males only 27-22 per cent.
In the counties of Worcester and Barnstable, the increase
146 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
of the males and of the females was equal, namely, 237
during this period ; but the proportions were changed, both
of the sexes and of the ages. The proportions of the in-
crease of the sexes differed from each other, and from the
proportions of the census at each epoch.
In the 4 remaining counties of Suffolk, Berkshire, Bris-
tol and Nantucket, the whole increase was 1,444, and the
proportions very much altered. The increase was, of
males, 8026 /?e;' cent., and of females 19-74 per cent.
In Berkshire and Bristol, the whole increase was 590, of
which that of the males was 56-10 per cent., and that of the
females 43-90 per cent, of the whole. The increase was es-
pecially of the males of the age of 36 and under 55 years.
Finally, the most extraordinary change in the propor-
tions was in Suffolk and Nantucket. The whole increase
was 854, or 39-50 per cent., of whom 828 were males and
26 females, amounting to 96-96, and 3-04 per cent, respec-
tively, the former being nearly 32 times that of the latter.
In Boston, the increase of the males in the ten years was
534. and that of the females 18 ; and in Nantucket, that of
the males 291 and that of the females only 8. In Boston
the increase of the males was twenty-nine times, and in
Nantucket thirty-six times, that of the females.
Thus, we find there was a decrease of the colored popu-
lation of Massachusetts from 1830 to 1840, in 8 counties,
and an increase in the 6 counties of Suffolk, Worcester,
Berkshire, Bristol, Barnstable and Nantncket. The in-
crease of the males in these comities and in the state,
greatly preponderated over that of the females. In Wor-
cester and Barnstable* the increase of the two sexes was
*The great increase of the colored population of Barnstable county, in the ten years, is ow-
ing to the omission of Mars/ipre, in the census of 1830 ; but in 1840 it contained M6 males and
MS females^tolal 294. Omitting Marshpce, there was a loss of 25, or 1468 per ceiil., so that,
really, there was an incrtasi: in only 5 counties, and a ihcnasc in 9 counties. The increase of
the colored population from 1830 to 1840, according to the cen^-uses, was as follows :
PROPORTIONS OF COLORED PERSONS. 147
equal. In the 4 remaining counties, and especially in ^vf-
folk and Nantucket, the increase of the males vastly pre-
ponderated over that of the females. The proportions of
those under the several ages were also very much changed
during these ten years. These facts show clearly that
other causes besides the natural increase, have had an
effect in producing these changes. After making reason-
able allowances for the presumed over-enumeration in the
returns of Ward 2, in the city of Boston, we are confirmed
by these results in the opinion, that immigration has been
the principal cause of the increase of the people of color,
and of the changes of the proportions during these ten
years. The increase has been mostly of 'males from 24 to
55 years of age, a period within which the men would
be most likely to have emigrated from other states. Nearly
half of their increase was of those of 24 to 36 years of age.
Only a very small number of females would be expected to
have emigrated at any age or under any circumstances.
The decrease of the blacks in the 8 counties, while the
proportions by ages continued nearly the same, shows that
the blacks are not likely to increase much in Massachu-
setts, situated as they are in the midst of, and dependent
upon, a predominant class of a different color, whose sym-
pathies are vastly less fully in unison with the colored than
with the white race.
In the state, containing 7,045 colored in 1S30, the increase was 1,624 or 2305;)er cent.
In 8 counties " 2,428
In 6 " " 4,617
In 4 " " 4,081
Worces'r and Barnstable, 536
Berkshire and Bristol, 1,919
Suffolk and Nantucket, 2,162
The increase of Worcester county was 205 or 5570 ;jer cent., and that of Barnstable county 269,
or 160-11 per cent., but, exclusive of Marshpee, there was a decrease in that county of 25, or
14-83 per cent. The increase of Worcester and Barnstable counties, exclusive of Murshpee,
was 180, or 34-69 /)er cent.
" " decrease '
294 or 12-10
" " increase '
' 1,918 or 41-54
u « « <
' 1,144 or 35-38
a ■■ « <
474 or SS-43
a 11 11 1
' 590 or 30-74
11 11 11 1
' 854 or 39-49
148
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TABLE XXXir — Exhibiting the Proportions per cent., of the Free Colored
People in the United States, in Massachusetts, and in Parts of Massachusetts,
in 1830 and in 1840, and also their Proportiotis of Increase or Decrease, in 10
years, from 1830 to 1840, by Sexes and Ages.
I. United States.
MALES.
c .
c .
c .
Co
&
;:S
~ E
■S"
-o-o
■a '^
"c =*>
«-§
«l
*•§
o S
rt
t>
o
s
^
g
^
Census of 1830,
15-23
13-48
8-65
6-97
3-60
•08
48-01
Increase in 10 years, -
1141
14-58
11-50
900
3-00
•02
49-51
Census of 1840,
14-57
13-67
9-14
7-32
3-50
•07
48-27
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years,
Census of 1840,
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years,
Census of 1840,
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years.
Census of 1840,
FEMALES.
14-81
15-07
10-18
7-61
4-20
•12 1
11-59
12 68
13-71
9-06
3-49
—04
14-25
14-65
10-79
7-86
4 08
•10 1
II. Massachusetts.
MALES.
11-27
12-62
10-29
8-89
4-48
•14
7-02
14-16
44-27
15-09
—61
—■25
10-47
12-91
16-66
10-U5
3-53
•07
FEMALES.
11-49
13-70
11-58
9 38
5-59
•57
5-60
567
320
6-77
1-42
—2-34
10-38
12-19
1001
8-90
4-81
•02
51-99
50-49
51-73
47-69
79-68
53-69
52-31
2U-32
46-31
III. Parts of Massachusetts. 1. Eight Counties which decreased in the
10 years, viz. Essex, 3Iiddlesex, Hampshire, Hampden, Franklin, Norfolk,
Plymouth and Dukes.
MALES.
Census of 1830,
Decrease in 10 years,
Census of 1840,
Census of 1830,
Decrease in 10 years,
Census of 1840,
11-28
13-47
8-57
8-40
6-09
•25
9-18
6-46
—7-82
9-18
16-67
1-02
11-58
14-43
10-83
8-29
4-64
•14
FEMALES.
11-29
12-60
9-84
9-35
7-37
1-49
8 16
10-54
14-63
3-74
16-33
11-91
11-71
12-89
9-18
10-12
6-14
•05
48-06
34-69
49-91
51-94
65-31
50-09
2. Six Counties which increased in the 10 years, viz. Suffolk, Worcester, Berk-
shire, Bristol, Barnstable and Nantucket.
MALES.
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years.
Census of 1840,
11-26
12-17
11-20
914
3-64
•09
7-35
12-98
36-29
14-18
2-03
—•05
10-11
12-41
18-56
10-62
3-17
-05
47-50
72-78
54-92
PROPORTIONS OF COLORED PERSONS.
TABLE XXXll.— Continued.
149
FE3IALES.
o
si
1^
2"^
5«g
1^
Is
a.
3 .
8*
1
Census of 1830,
Increase ia 10 }'ears, -
Census of 1840,
11-59
6 00
9-95
14-27
6-41
11-97
12-50
4-96
10 28
9-40
6-31
8-49
4-66
3-70
4-38
•08
— 16
-01
52-50
27-22
45-03
4 Counties, viz. Suffolk, Berkshire, Bristol and Nantucket.
MALES.
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years, -
Census of 1840,
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years, -
Census of 1840,
11-62
11-59
11-52
9-75
3-33
.
4-64
1413
45-29
14-47
1-52
•21
9-79
12-25
20-34
10 99
2-86
•06
FEBULES.
11-59
13-48
12-99
9-55
4-51
•07
3-39
6-44
2-91
4-72
2-42
— 14
9-45
11-64
10-35
829
3-96
•02
b. 2 Counties, viz. Worcester and Barnstable.
MALES.
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years, -
Census of 1840,
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years, -
Census of 1840,
8-58 1660
8-77
4-48
5-97
•75
15-61 9-49
8-86
13-29
3-59
—84
1188 13-27
8-81
8-62
4-85
-
FEMALES.
11-57
20-33
8-77
8-21
5-78
•19
13-92
6-33
11-18
11-18
7-60
—21
12-67
13-76
9-90
9-61
6-63
-
2 Counties, viz. Berkshire and Bristol.
MALES.
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years.
Census of 1840,
14^28
13-50
9-74
8-49 1
3-44
.
4^41
10-34
28-30
7-29 1
5-42
•34
11^96
12-75
14-11
8-21 !
3-91
•08
FEMALES.
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years.
Census of 1840,
12-92 13-08
10-84
8-23
5-37
•11
6-95 13-22
10-34
8-98
4-58
— 17
11-52 13-11
10-72
8-41
5-18
•041
d. 2 Counties, viz. Suffolk and Nantucket.
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years,
Census of 1840,
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years,
Census of 1840,
20
MALES.
9-25
9-90
13-09
10-87
4-80
16-74
57-03
19-44
7-99
1184
2553
13-30
FEMALES.
10-41
13-83
14-89
10-73
3-75
-04
.94
1-75
—2-22
1-75
•94
— 12
7-72
10-41
10-05
8-19
2-95
-
47-81
80-26
56-29
52-19
19-74
43-71
45-15
5000
47-43
54-85
50-00
52-57
49-45
56-10
5102
50-55
43-90
48-98
46-35
96-96
60-68
53-65
3^04
39^32
150
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
TABLE XXXII.— Continued.
Boston.
MALES.
;,
c .
c .
cc
g.
so
sm
-S
■c-^
-a"
"§■2
'^ 9
g^
§ J
3
p
S
S
in
H
Census of 1830,
9-49
9-23
13-13
11-04
3-04
.
4613
Increase in 10 years, -
4-89
7-07
65-94
20-11
—1-45
•18
96-74
Census of 1840,
8-45
8-73
25-30
13-10
2-02
•04
57-64
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years.
Census of 1840,
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years,
Census of 1840,
Census of 1830,
Increase in 10 years,
Census of 1840,
FEMALES.
10-35
13-76
14-83
11-20
3-68
•05
3-08
—72
-18
•90
.
—•18
8-69
10-47
11-50
8-86
2-84
-
Najitucket.
MALES.
7-88
14-70
11-83
9-32
3-58
4-68
34-78
38 80
18-73
•33
6-23
25-08
25-78
14-19
1-90
FEMALES.
11-11 14 34
15-77
7^89
3-58
-
—3-01 6-69
—6-69
301
2-68
.
3-81
10-38
4-15
5-36
3-12
-
53-87
3-26
42-36
47-31
97^32
73-18
52-69
2-68
26-82
According to the census of 1S30, the number of the col-
ored persons in the state was,
of males 3,360, of females 3,685, total 7,04^
To which add from
the census of '40,
under 10 years, " 908, " 900, " 1,808
And we have « 4,268, " 4,585, « 8,853
as the highest number possible on the supposition that
these censuses loere correct., and that there was no death nor
immigration of colored persons into the Commonwealth dur-
ing these ten years. But according to the census of 1840,
there were 4,654 males, 4,015 females, and 8,669 of both
sexes ; that is, there were 386 more males, and 570 less of
females, and 184 less of both sexes, tiian the highest possi-
ble number by the first position. Now, it is to be presumed.
PROBABLE NUMBER OF COLORED PERSONS IN 1840. 151
that during this period not less than 570 deaths of colored
females must have occurred, which is only 57 per an-
num, or 1 to 65 persons out of 3,685. A proportional num-
ber of deaths among the 3,360 males would be 520, which
being taken from 4,268, the highest number possible by
the first position, we have 3,748 for the males, and the num-
ber of both sexes will then be 7,763, without immigration,
instead of 8,669 in the census. Thus, it is clear that at
least 906 of the colored population in 1840, must have been
emigrants into the state during the preceding ten years ;
906 deducted from 1,294, the increase of the males, give
388 as their increase, apart from immigration during the
lime, which is 58 only more than that of the females, giv-
ing the proportion of 100 females to 117-57 males.
The following will show the immigration of colored per-
sons into Boston during these ten years, according to the
censuses. The census of 1830 contained,
of males 865, of females 1,010, total 1,875
To whicli add from the cea-
sus of '40, under 10 years, " 205, " 211, " 416
And we have " 1,070, " 1,221, " 2,229
* as the highest possible number in 1840, on the supposition
there was no immigration nor death of colored persons
during the ten years. But according to the census of 1840,
the number was, of males 1,399, of females 1,028, and of
both sexes 2,427, The females in 1840 were actually less
than their highest possible number was, by 193 ; which we
may suppose to have been deaths in ten years, averaging 19
per annum, or 1 to 52-33 persons out of 1,010, and the pro-
portional deaths among the males would be 165 in the ten
years, averaging 16| per annum. These 165 taken from
the highest possible number, 1,070, leave 885 as the high-
est number of males without immigration, being an increase
of only 20 persons in ten years; 885 added to 1,028, give
1,913 as the highest number of colored persons in Boston
152 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
without immigration, which is 514 less than that of the
census, and these 514 must be males, and must be appor-
tioned among the immigrants and those erroneously includ-
ed in the census.
But we find that in Ward 2, in which we see no suffi-
cient reason for supposing any material increase, there are
500 more in the census of 1840 than in that of 1S30. We
think these 500 are an over-enumeration. In this ward,
according to the census returns in 1840, 36 colored families
contained 688 persons, and there were 5 colored persons in
white families; 11 families, consisting of 631 colored per-
sons, of whom 552 were males and 79 females, contained
490 "persons employed in navigation of the ocean." One
of these families contained 163 persons, of whom 150
were sea-faring. Also 34 white families had 6,006 males
and 162 females, and 5,854 sea-faring; and 11 other families,
1,366 males and 84 females, with no sea-faring specified.
In Boston, the nam,es of the extraordinary number of
persons, both white and colored, engaged in the navigation
of the ocean, are not specified, which is strongly suspicious
of their being false : but in Nantucket, in which the in-
crease of the colored is very large, and the number of sea-
faring also very large, the names of these last are generally
mentioned in the returns.
In Nantucket, the number of colored persons in 1830
was 279, of whom 132 were males and 147 females. In
1840 it was 578, of whom 423 were males and 155 females.
Of the 423 males, 327 are specified in the returns as em-
ployed in the navigation of the ocean, and nearly all of
them are named. There appears no reason for suspecting
the correctness of these returns, except the great increase,
which must have been by immigration, and the dispropor-
tion of the sexes, but these circumstances are easily ex-
plained by the supposition of their more readily finding
employment in Nantucket than elsewhere.
PROBABLE NUMBER OF COLORED PERSONS IN 1840. 153
In view of these considerations, we regard the reported
increase of colored persons in Ward 2 as false, and that in
reality there was little or no increase of blacks in Boston
from 1830 to 1840.
The number of colored persons in Boston, according to
the census, was 1,875 in 1830 and 2,427 in 1840, the in-
crease during the ten years purporting to have been 552, of
whom at least 514 must have been either male immigrants
or an over-enumeration of males, leaving only 38 as the
greatest possible increase of both sexes. Of this increase
18 were females, as appears by the census of 1840, and the
rest of course must be males. But as it appears highly
probable that very near 500 are an over-enumeration in
Ward 2, the number of colored emigrants must have been
very small in Boston, and the increase was in reality very
little, and was probably confined to 4 comities, viz. Wo7-
cesier, Berkshire, Bristol and Nantucket ; and accordingly
we should correct the census nearly as follows :
TABLE XXXIII.-
-Exhibiting the Censuses of 1830 and 1840, corrected, for 10
Counties mhich decreased.
Census of 1830.
Decrease in
10 ys.
Census of 1S40.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Mai.
Fern.
Total.
Mai.
Fem. Total.
Suffolk, -
870
1013
1883
.
.
870
101318S3
Essex, -
242
280
522
9
6
15
233
274
507
Middlesex,
263
254
517
4-22
46
24
285
208
493
Hampshire, -
113
110
223
7
15
22
106
95
201
Hampden,
174
173
347
22
13
35
152
160
312
Franklin, ex-
clusive of
Erving,
68
55
123
16
19
35
52
36
88
Norfolk,
69
100
169
6
3
9
63
97
160
Plymouth,
194
217
411
33
25
58
161
192
353
Barnstable, - )
78
90
168
Marshpee, '40. )
146
148
294
224
238
462
6
19
25
218
219
437
Dukes, -
27
21
48
14
14
28
13
'
20
Total, -
2244
2461
4705
91
160
251
2153 2301
4454
154
POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
Thus it appears that the aggregate loss in these 10 coun-
ties was 351, of whom 160 were females and 91 males, the
presumption being that the number of males were more
sustained by immigration than that of the females, partic-
ularly in the county of Middlesex^ and the inference is that
the natural increase was not sufficient to keep the number
good. In Dukes county, where the decrease was 14 of
each sex, the number was not probably affected by immi-
gration.
The population of the 4 remaining counties which in-
creased during the ten years, was as follows :
TABLE XXXiy. — Exhibiting Die Population of 4 Counties wliich increased
from 1830 to 1840.
Census of 1830.
Increase in 10 yrs.
Census of 1840.
Males.
Females
Total.
Males.
Females
Total.
Males.
Females
Total.
Worces'r,
Berifshire,
Bristol,
Nantuc't,
164
484
465
132
204
507
463
147
368
991
928
279
97
170
161
291
108
117
142
8
205
287
303
299
261
654
626
423
312
624
605
155
573
1278
1231
578
4 co's,
10 "
1245
2244
1321
2461
2566
4705
719
dec 91
375
del60
1094
de251
1964
2153
1696
2301
3660
4454
Correct'd,
Difference
3489
129
3782
97
7271
226
628
-666
215
-115
843
-781
4117
-537
3997
-18
8114
-555
Censuses,
3360
3685
7045
1294
330
1624
4654
4015
8669
According to these corrections, the number of the colored
population in 1830 would be 7,271, or 220 moi^e than the
census, and the increase in ten years, including immigra-
tion, 843, or 11-59 yjer cent., and the number in 1840, 8,114,
or 555 less than the census. Of the increase in the 4 coun-
ties, that of the males was (719 — 375=) 344 more than
the females; of the aggregate increase in the 14 counties,
that of the males was (028 — 215-=) 413 more than that of
PROBABLE NUMBER OF COLORED PERSONS IN 1810. 155
the females, and is presumed to have consisted of emi-
grants in the several parts of the Commonwealth, especi-
ally in the county of Nantucket. Some of them appear in
Berkshire and Bristol counties, also in Middlesex^ where
there was a loss of 46 females and a gain of 22 males, and
in Suffolk^ where there were probably a few emigrants,
though in this estimate of the number this county is pre-
sumed to have been stationary; and thus the whole increase
of both sexes in the Commonwealth did not exceed five or six
hmidred in ten years. After deducting 413 from the whole
increase 843, we have 430 only, or 5-91 per cent, as the
whole natural increase in Massachusetts, and even this
number contains undoubtedly some emigrants, for the re-
duction of the increase is here made on the supposition that
only males immigrated; but it is known to many that col-
ored females have come into Massachusetts, and have been
declared free by the Supreme Court.
Concluding that the natural increase of the colored pop-
ulation in the ten years was only about 215 persons of
each sex, making the number, in 1840, of males 3,704, of
females 3,997, and the total 7,701, the proportion j)er cent.
would be 48-10 males to 51*90 females, which is very near
what it was in the state, in 1830, and what it was in 1840,
in the 8 counties which had decreased, and is also very near
that of the whole free colored in the United States at the two
epochs (see Table XXXII) ; and therefore we may regard
this result as a very near approximation to the true number.
From what has been said it is evident that, considering
the degraded condition of the colored population in Massa-
chusetts, their increase, though aided by immigratioji, has
been, dxiring the ichole jwriod of seventy-Jive years, less than
one third that of the whites, and we conclude that without
immigration this increase would have been very small. This
condition of theirs has arisen partly from the effects of sla-
very in this Commonwealth for about a century .previous
156 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
to 1776, when it was virtually abolished by an act of the
legislature. A prejudice has existed in the community,
and still exists against them on account of their color, and
on account of their being the descendants of slaves. They
cannot obtain employment on equal terms with the whites,
and wherever they go a sneer is passed upon them, as if
this sportive inhumanity were an act of merit. They have
been, and still are, mostly, servants, or doomed to accept
such menial employment as the whites decline. They
have been, and are, scattered over the Commonwealth, one
or more in over two thirds of all the towns ; they continue
poor, with small means and opportunities for enjoying the
social comforts and advantages which are so much at the
command of the whites. Thus, though their legal rights
are the same as those of the whites, their condition is one
of degredation and dependence, and renders existence less
valuable, and impairs the duration of life itself
2. We conclude, also, that the ina^ease of tJie colored pop-
tilalion is not likely hereafter to keep pace with that of the
whites in this Commonwealth. Past experience for seventy-
five years indicates this. The proportion of the colored to
the white population has been reduced during every period,
and since 1765, in the state, from 2*17 to 1-18 per cent.,
and in Boston, from 5-77 to 2-^'o per cent.
The prejudices which are now felt in this Common-
wealth against the people of color, and the disadvantages
under which they labor, unfavorable to their comfort, their
increase, and their improvement, we can hardly expect
will soon be removed.
They are excluded from the more honorable and profit-
able employments, and are likely to continue so. Owing
to their color and the prejudice against them, they can
hardly be said to receive that sympathy in sickness or in
sorrow, fresh from the heart of the whites, which the
whites would feel for each other, in this free state, nor
CONCLUSION. 1 57
even so cordial a sympathy as would be shown to them in
a slave state, owing to their different position in society.
This want of true sympathy, and this sense of degrada-
tion, must operate on their sensibility, and unfavorably
affect their physical, moral and social condition, and shorten
to them the duration of life.
Most of the colored people in this Commonwealth arc a
mixture of races, of Africans, Indians and whites, in vari-
ous degrees of purity, a circumstance regarded by physiol-
ogists as unfavorable to the increase of a healthy and
hardy progeny, and predisposing them to an early matu-
rity and an early decay of the physical and intellectual
powers. It is said that a mulatto is seldom known to have
survived 70 years in the West Indies, while pure blacks
often live twice that age. It is remarked by those who
have been conversant with our public charities, that a
larger proportion of colored than of white persons are,
in early life, found to be subjects of fatal disease, particu-
larly of consumption.
The number of colored children born during the year
next preceding May 1, 1S44, in 28S towns, whose whole
population was 593,876, and whose colored population was
5,710 in 1840, was, according to the returns of the town
clerks, only 47, or 1 to 12 1 '48 colored persons, while the
number of white children was (14,757 — 47=) 14,710, or 1
to 39-98 white persons. After making due allowances for
the imperfections of these returns, we are fully of the opin-
ion that these returns strongly indicate the great inferiority
of the proportion of the births of colored children to that
of the whites.
We infer that there is to be expected but a small in-
crease of the colored population in Massachusetts, from
the large mortality among them, especially considering
their degraded and dependent position among the predomi-
nant class of a different color. In Baltimore, Philadelphia
21
158 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
and New York, according to the bills of mortality, the
deaths have been much more numerous among the free
colored population than among the whites.
On the records of the superintendent of burials in Bos-
ton, 320 deaths are designated as of colored persons during
the five years from 1841 to 1845 inclusive, averaging 64
per annum. All the deaths of colored persons are not thus
designated. These deaths give the proportion of 1 death
to 37-92, or 2-63 per cent, out of 2,427 colored persons. We
believe, however, their number could not have exceeded
1,975 at most ; and in this case, the proportion would be 1
to 30-85, or 3-24 per cent. Of these 320 deaths, the males
were 145 and the females 175, in the five years, averaging,
per annum, 29 males and 35 females, and giving the pro-
portion of 100 females to 82-85 males. This proportion is
very different from what we should expect from the great
predominance of the males over the females, as exhibited
in the census of 1840, and may be accounted for on the
supposition of error in that census, or that many of the
colored males who are sea-faring, have died abroad. Of
these 320 deaths, 1 colored female died at the age of 101,
and several colored persons died at 80 and upwards. It is
the opinion of some persons, that the mortality of the col-
ored people in Boston is as great as 1 to 15 persons.
The whole number of deaths in Boston in 1844, exclu-
sive of 187 stillborn, was 2,054, according to the abstract of
the bill of mortality, or 1 to 53-76 persons, in a population
estimated at 110,441 in the middle of that year. Of these
2,054 deaths, over 900 were of Catholics, mostly whites, in
a population estimated at 24,000, or 1 to 26-67 persons ;
and there will remain 1,154 deaths of the Protestant whites
and blacks, in a population of 86,441, or 1 to 7490 per-
sons. Of these 1,154 deaths, 64 are the reported annual
average of the blacks for the last five years, estimated at
2,427, giving the proportion of 1 to 37-92 persons, or 2-63 /^er
CONCLUSION. 159
cent. ; and there will remain 1,090 deaths among the Pro-
testant whites, estimated at not less than 84,014, giving
the proportion of 1 to 7707 persons, or 1-29 jier cent., which
is not half the mortality of the blacks. Or if we suppose
the number of the colored people to have been 1,875, that
of the Protestant whites would be 84,565. The mortality
of the blacks would average per annum 1 to 29-29 persons,
or 3-41 per cent.., which we believe to be much too small ;
and that of the Protestant whites would be 1 to 77-58 per-
sons, or 1 -28 per cent.
The small increase of the colored people in Massachu-
setts necessarily arises from their insulated and degraded
position among the predominant class, the whites. Vari-
ous circumstances connected with this position operate to
the disadvantage of this class in all their relations in life.
The effect is fully accounted for without supposing, as
some may, that the condition of the colored population
would be better in a state of slavery. Whatever might be
their condition in a state of slavery, there does not seem to
be any more right to reduce to slavery a body of human
beings on account of their dark color, than on account of
their white color. But at present, the current of public
sentiment having its source in Revelation, and in the inspi-
rations of the human mind, is now circulating throughout
all the civilized nations of the earth, opposing and wash-
ing away the inhuman and barbarous relics of slavery
among men, and is ^not likely to be spent till it has com-
pleted its \vork. • i
The increase of^ftie people of color has very obviously
been sustained in Massachusetts by emigrants from abroad ;
and without such aid, it has been doubted whether there
would have been any increase whatever. It is clear that
their number can hardly be sustained by the natural
increase of those now in the Commonwealth alone, consid-
ering their insulated and degraded position among the
160 POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.
whites. The mixed race of which they are now, and have
been for fifty years mostly composed, are a feeble race ;
and a further mixture with the whites will, from time to
time, cause a portion of them to be undistinguishable in
the community from the whites themselves; so that the
^ tendency seems to be ultimately to extinguish them as
a race, as has been the case with the more numerous,
and, in many respects, more hardy tribes of Indians in
this Commonwealth, who have been displaced by the Eu-
ropean emigrants. Many instances of similar displace-
ment are to be found in history. The blacks, thus far,
have been aided in retaining their numbers by means of
emigration from abroad; while the Indians, now nearly
extinct as a race, have received no accessions from that
source since our first knowledge of them, though their
blood, with scarcely distinguishable traces, still flows in
the veins of some of our citizens.
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS.
Besides the corrections and additions mentioned on the 35th page, the following pi^v iip mnile.
namely: On the 5th page, 4th line from the bottom, for "Massachusetts I' ec-
tioiis," read " Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society." 7lh paL . i . .• ';om
the bottom, for " her," read " our." 9th page, 5th line from the bottom, for '<^^d|&a^ ••i^^*
15th page, 2d note, for " See Saugus," read " See North Chelsea, Ltjnii (^j^^KKfP^ Ohlfie
16th page, 9th note, erase " CAeteea." 18th page, 3d line, t r ■ I riiO," i>irf*1^ ' ' ■■ ' no
last column, for "1800," read " ISIO." 31st page, llthlme, for "Tannl,^
TON." 32d page, 5th note, erase "and Plymptou.'' 3Sd page, lllh li
"^,026." 36th page, last line, 5th column, for " '^ r:i," read "23-T"
"144,570," read " 144,500." 42d page, 19th line, (••■■ ■■ " ■•"••■' "
erase "since 1820," and insert "since 1820, imnii-l
from the bottom, erase " 14,885." 54th page, the ii, i: ■! ■ I ' - Vli^shoiild
hibiting the Population oftli^e Towns in Massachusetts, ('^sff/SBf^o sevc7i Coisi/a
with the Dates of their Incorporation, and their Distances T^milesfroyn Boston, i
57th page, 26th line, for " Berkeley," read " Berkley." 83d page, 18th and IS
" Levereti, Sunderland and Whately," read " Shutcsbury, Leverett and Sunderld
page, 14ih line, for "columns," read "column." lllth page, 11th line from tb
" Massachusetts Historical Collections," read " Collections of the Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety." 112lh page, 14th line, for "are," read " is," and 15th line, for " have," read " has."
130th page, on the line with "Increase in 10 years," 14th column, for "38," read " — 33."
132d page, 2d line, for " whites," read " white." 1 10th page, 4th line from the bottom, for
" XXX," read " XXIX." 144th page, 14lh column, under " 100 and upwards," for " 38" and
" 37," read " —38" and " —37."
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