wm THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES Fro THE ANii_r\i^>/-vi> iM.,^i»ii.-yiTi#... DUPLICATE TO BE SOLD. .lETY k. ( 63, CATALOGUE INDIAN COINS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. THE SULTANS OF DEHLI. LONDON : PRINTED BY ORDER. OF THE TRUSTEES. Longmans & Co., Paternoster Row; B. M. Pickering, 66, Haymarket; B. Quaritch, 15, Picc.vdilly ; A. Asher & Co. 13, Bedford Street, Covent Garden, and at Berlin ; TRUBNER & Co, 57 & 59 LUDGATE HiLL; Ai.LEN & Co., 13, Waterloo Place. Paris: MM. C. Rollin & Feuardent, 4, Rue de Louvois. 1884. LONDON : ntiyXED BY GILBERT & RIVINGTON (LIMITED), 8T. John's squake, cleukenwell road. THE COINS OF THE SULTANS OF DEHLI IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. BY STANLEY LANE-POOLE, B.A., OXON., M.R.A.S. EDITED DY REGINALD STUART POOLE, LL.D. CORRESPONDENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE. LONDOX : PRLXTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1884. I7ACX MHia EDITORS PREFACE. The Catalogue of Indiau Coins, of which the present volume is the first instalment, will consist primarily of five volumes, of which two, those dealing- (i ) with the coins of the so- called Patau Sultans of Dehli, and (2) with the contempo- rary issues of the Kings of Bengal, Jaunpur, Gujarat, and other Arabic coinages, wall be the work of the author of the Catalogue of Oriental Coins, Mr. Stanley Lane- Poole, while the earlier series, Greek-Indian and Hindu, will be comprised in two volumes by Prof. Percy Gardner ; and I shall myself undertake the description of the currency of the Emperors of Dehli of the House of Babar. The general principles upon which the Catalogue of Indian Coins will be arranged will be similar to those which have been observed in the Greek and Oriental series, but the tabular or column-arrangement which was used in the eighth volume of the Oriental Catalogue will be re- tained in preference to the open pages of the earlier volumes of that series, save when the length of the inscriptions render the open page necessary. The coins included in the present volume correspond to Fraehn's Class XYII. The metal of each specimen is stated, and its size in inches and tenths of inches. The weight of the gold and ^ 733532 VI EDITOirS PREFACE. silver examples is given in English grains. Tables for converting grains into grammes^ and inches into milli- metres as well as into the measures of Mionnet's scale, are o-iven at the end of the volume. A comparative table of the years of the Hijrah and of the Christian Era has been added with a view to facilitating reference to the standard works on Indian history where the European computation is adopted. Typical specimens are figured in the nine plates, which are executed by the autotype mechanical process from casts in plaster. The work has been written by Mr. Stanley Lane-Poole, and I have carefully revised it throughout, except in the ease of the Nagari inscriptions, which have been collated by Mr. Gardner. REGINALD STUART POOLE. INTRODUCTION. The present volume comprises the coinage of the Sultans commonly known as the " Patan" or " Pathan^^ King's of Dehli. With some reluctance I have abandoned this time-honoured designation, for the reason that the word Patau is synonymous with Afghan, and most of the Sultans of Dehli were not Afghans. The founder of the line of Dehli, Muhammad ibn Sam, was a G/wri Ticr'kj and his successors, the rest of the first dynasty, were his Turkish slaves and their offspring. The second dynasty, sprung from Jalal-ad-din Firoz Shah, was com- posed of Khalji Turks. The third dynasty, that of the Taghlak-Shahis, was of the race of the Jctis. The fourth claimed descent fi'om the Arab Husain, grandson of the prophet Muhammad, and called itself by the sacred title of Sayi/ids. Indeed, only the fifth and the sixth of the dynasties into which the kings of Dehli are divided could properly term themselves Patau or Afghan, inasmuch as Buhlol belonged to the Lodi tribe of Afghans, and Slier Shah to the Sur division of the Lodi tribe. Thus, out of forty Sultans of Dehli, eight alone have any right to be called Patans or Afghans. If, therefore, the iiame is to be retained at all in this misleading connection, it can only be in deference to long-established usage. The gain in con- venience, however, in thus preserving the appellation, is surely more than counterbalanced by the historical and ethnological accuracy which is restored by its abolition. The series of coins struck by the Sultans of Dehli offer fewer points of interest and importance than do most of the currencies of jMuhammadan States. As a rule we may VI 11 INTRODUCTION. look upon Miihammadan coins as the surest foundations for an exact history of the dynasties by which they were issued. The coins of a Muslim ruler generally go far to establish those outward data in regard to his reign which Oriental historians too often neglect or misstate. The year of accession, the extent of his dominion, his relations with the neighbouring powers and with the spiritual chief of his religion, are all facts for which we may look with confi- dence to his coins. In many of the smaller and less known dynasties it is hardly too much to say that the coins are our chief informers. Unfortunately we cannot claim this importance for the issues of the Sultiins of Dehli. The history of this dynasty has been recorded in detail by native writers, to whose statements the coins can add but little that is new or valuable. Now and again the coinage may suffice to establish the truth about a dis- puted date, but such examples of usefulness are rare in the series. Moreover, owing to the habit with weak rulers, whose tenure of power was unusually precarious, of protecting themselves behind the aegis of a renowned predecessor, and issuing their coins in the name of a deceased but revered Sultcin, it is not always easy to feel assured that the dates on the coins represent precisely what they profess ; and to arrange the order and years of the succession by these dates, without reference to the histories, would create no little con- fusion. Almost the only piece of historical information which has been thought to be derived from the coins alone is the ])resumed issue of the piece No. 85 in this volume, by Ntisir- ad-din Mahmud, the eldest son of Altamsh, during his father's lifetime. This would doubtless be interesting if it were established, but the result of a careful examination of the i'acts has led me to reject, with all diffidence, Mr. Thomas's attribution. Two sons of Sultan Altamsh bore the title of Niisir-ad-din ; the elder was governor of Bengal from 624 to t)2r>, wliLU he died: the younger, born in the year of his INTRODUCTION. 1^ brother's death, became Sultan of Dehli after Mas'ud Shah, and reigned from 6U to 664. Mr. Thomas ascribes the coin No. 85 to the short government of Bengal by the elder Nasir-ad-din, on the ground of the occurrence upon it of the name of the 'Aljbasi Khalifah Al-Mustansir, who reigned from 623 to 640. The improbability of the governor-'s striking coins in his own name, without any acknowledgment of his father, the reigning Sultan Al- tamsh, together with the close resemblance between this coin and those which undoubtedly belong to the younger Nasir-ad-din, led me to class No. 85 among the latter's coinage, and to regard the anachronism of the Khalifah s name as merely an instance of the not un frequent posthumous use of names on Dehli coins. Since coming to this de- cision, I notice that Dr. A. F. R. Hoernle* has arrived at the same conclusion, and has supported his view by some cogent arguments, the substance of which I here reproduce. In the first place, no Governor of Bengal, unless he had thrown off the yoke of Dehli, ever substituted his own name for that of his master the Sultan. The utmost a governor might do was to add his name after his master's, as Yildiz did after Muhammad ibn Sam^s. Secondly, coins probably struck in Bengal, and clearly dated 624, do not bear Nasir-ad-din's name. It is evident that when the latter styles himself Sultan, and puts his own name exclusively on the coin, he does not do so as a mere governor. Moreover, the publication by Dr. Hoernle in the same article of a coin of 'Ala-ad-din Mas'ud, with pi-ecisely the same obverse, in- cluding the peculiar aJJ and the omission of the article before Siiltcm, seems to put it beyond a doubt that Nasir- ad-din copied his obverse from his immediate predecessor, at first, and that the coin No. 85 was his earliest issue. Neither the coin of Mas'ud nor No. 85 have any trace of marginal inscriptions or dates. • Journal of the Aniatic Society of Bengal, vol. 1., 1881, pp. G2 — 65. fj INTRODUCTION. A certain historical value attaches to the joint issues of Firoz III. and his sons Fath and Zafar, as confirming the notices of the historians. Firoz "invested his son Fath with the insignia of royalty in 760, and placed his name, in conjunction with his own, on the public currency," as Fe- ri^htah records; and the Egyptian Khalifah Al-Mu'tadid sent a robe of investiture to the young prince. All this is confirmed by the inscriptions on the coins, where we find the names of the Sultan and his son and the Khalifah con- jointly on all specimens. On the other hand, while the coins also corroborate the statements of the historians as to the succession of Zafar, another son of Firoz III., to Fath's place, on the death of that prince, the value of the numis- matic data is considerably diminished by the occurrence of one of those too common instances of posthumous issues which destroy to some extent the trustworthiness of the Dehli currency as historical evidence. No. 387 bears the date 791, when Zafar was no longer alive: and the hy- pothesis of Mr. Rodgers that it may refer to a sou of Zafar, who bore the same name, seems far-fetched. The coinage of the Sultans of Dehli is more valuable from the point of view of political geography. Mr. Thomas, in his classical account of the Chronicles of the Pathdn Kings of Dehli, thus describes the first foundation of the dynasty, and the beginning of the acquisition of that wide dominion which reached its greatest extent under the famous Muhammad ibn Taghlak. " The later scions of the dynasty of Sabaktagin, driven out of Ghazni on its sack by 'Ala-ad-din Husain Jahansoz in A.H. 550, retired to Labor, and had already, in effect, become domesticated Indian sovereigns ; so that, as Mu'izz- ad-din pressed down and around them, the occupation of the more advanced provinces of Hindustan followed as a natural sequence. Mu'izz-ad-din Muhammad ibn Sara, or Shiiiab-ad-din as he was called iu his youth, otherwise IXTIIODVCTION. il known as Muhammad Ghoii, the founder of the Pathan dynasty of Dehli, is first noticed in history on the occasion of his nomination, in conjunction with his elder hrother, Ghiyas-ad-din, to the charge of a province of Ghor, hy his uncle, the notorious 'Ala-ad-din Husain Jahansoz. After the accession of Ghiyas-ad-din to the throne of Ghor, in 558 A.H., Mu'izz-ad-din, acting as his general, suhdued portions of Khurasan ; and, on the conquest of Ghazni in 569, he was nominated hy his suzerain brother to the government of that country. From this time his incur- sions into India commenced : in 571 he conquered Multan; in 574 he experienced a sanguinary defeat in an expedition against the prince of Nahrwala ; next, Khusru ]\Ialik, the last of the Ghazuavis, was assailed, and at length in 5S3 captured by stratagem. In 587, in a more extended ex- pedition into Hindiistan, Muliammad Ghoii was totally routed on the memorable field of Thaueswar by the Chohan leader, Prithvi Raja of Ajmir. After a year's repose, the disgrace of this defeat still rankling within him, he, on the self-same battle-ground, again encountered his former adversary, now supported by the whole force of the country, the confederated armies of 150 princes. This time fortune favoured the Ghoris, and a hard-fought field terminated in the total discomfiture of the Indian host. By this single victory the Muhammadans may be said to have become the virtual masters of Hindiistan. The ulterior measures for the subjugation of the country were of speedy accomplish- ment, and most of the later additions to the Indian empire of Muhammad Ghori were perfected by his quondam slave, subsequent representative in Hindustan, and eventual suc- cessor on the throne of Dehli, Kutb-ad-din Aibek. Ghiyas- ad-din, who had long retained little beyond the title of a king, died in 599 A.H., and shortly afterwards Mu'izz-ad- din was installed in form. An unsuccessful attempt at conquest in the north, in itself attended by most disastrous Xll INTRODUCTION. results, was succeeded by the revolt of the governors of Ghazni and Multan : this outbreak, however, was soon sup- pressed. In the month of Sha'ban, A.H. 602, Muhammad Ghori was slain in his tent, in the centre of his own camp, by a band of Gakkars, At his death, the Muslim empire of India extended generally over nearly the whole of Hindu- stan proper, Sind, and Bengal. The sovereignty was, however, held by very exceptional tenures, and was most indeterminate in its inner geographical limits."* This wide empire, although it underwent many tempo- rary retrogressions, gradually advanced in extent up to the time of Muhammad ibn Taghlak, when, according to the account of Siraj-ad-din ^Umar of Oudh,f it included the fol- lowing provinces : Dehli. Oudh. Deogir. Kanauj. Multan. Lakhnauti. Kohram. Bihar. Samanah. KaiTah. Siwistan (Sehwan). Malwah. tJchh. Labor. Hansi. Kalanur. Sirsuti. Jajnagar. Malabar. Telingana. Gujarat. Dwara Samundra. Badaon. A reference to the map of India, facing page xvi, will show the vast extent of the dominion included in these provinces. But the elements of dissolution are always present in a huge and disconnected congeries of states. Muhammad ibn Taghlak, in spite of his extraordinary perversity, was no ordinary ruler, and he, if any one, had the will and the power to hold his unwieldy empire together. But the circum- stances were too strong even for his iron resolution. * E. Thomas : Chronicles, pp. 10 — 12. f Notices et Extraits, xiii. 170, cf. Thomas, p. 203. INTRODUCTION. " The dominion covering- twenty-three provinces, or inde- pendent nationalities, became, in the very number of its sections, essentially incoherent. Local feudatories had of late been superseded by governors appointed by the head of the state, and the selection of fitting- and trustworthy re- presentatives was attended by far g-reater rists than of old, now that the national bond, so effective among- the ruling- classes under the dynasty of the Turks, had disappeared amid the dissensions of Turk and Khilji, both of whom had henceforth to bow to an alien Sultan of curiously mixed breed. In the Muhammadan distrust of unconverted Hindus, all manner of foreign adventurers were installed in divisional posts : these men, having little or no interest in the stability of the throne, were ever ready to aid any projected rising or to join with their combined forces any of the more in- fluential rebels. So that the annals of the period present a mere succession of outbreaks, — no sooner was one section of the empire brought back to its allegiance than another division would seek to assert its independence. "The Sultan was often obliged to command his own armies ; and though he was usually victorious, the very fact of his absence in distant parts encouraged the disaffected elsewhere. The old proverb, 'Dehli is distant/ found a new application ; the royal forces were often less near to the threatened point than the inconveniently situated capital itself, whose distance from the southern states had already suggested its supersession by the more central Deogir. A parallel obstacle to the permanent subjection of the provinces was to be found in the state of the roads, and the general insecurity of the country at large, evils that extended to such an extreme that the tribute of the south was allowed to accumulate at Deogir, merely because it was found im- possible to transport it to Dehli, and eventually the whole treasure was divided on the spot among some temporarily successful insurgents. XIV IXTUODUCTION. "The end of such a state of things might easily be pre- dicted. The Bengal mints occupied themselves in coining money for independent rulers ; the Sultan's early triumph, "Warangol, reverted to its ancient name in the hands of other masters; Deogir, his chosen capital^ submitted to Hasan Gangu, the founder of a new race of Kings, the Bahmani Dynasty of Kulbarga, who were destined to play a prominent part in the destinies of the country ; and finally, the owner of so many kingdoms died miserably of a fever, near Thata, on the lower Indus, with his army, " like ants or locusts " around him ; and his cousin and suc- cessor found some diflBculty in getting safe home to the cherished Dehli, which Muhammad ibn Taghlak had once done so much to desolate and destroy/'* Less than fifty years afterwards, the reigning Sultan of Dehli, Mahmiid ibn Muhammad, was confined to the capital itself, hemmed in by rival pretenders to the throne from which Muhammad ibn Taghlak had dispensed his erratic notions of law to so immense an empire : and after Timur's invasion, 801 A.H., the kingdom of Dehli was distributed piecemeal, and Ikbal Khan held Dehli and the Doab ; Zafar Khan, Gujarat; Khizr Khan, Multan, Dai- balpur, and Sind; Khawajah-i-Jahan, Kanauj, Oudh, Karrah, Dalamau, Sandalah, Bahraich, Bihar, and Jaun- pur; Mahmiid Khan, Mahobah and Kalpi; Dilawar Khan, Dhar; Ghalib Khan, Samanah ; and Shams Khan, Biana. Sher Shah for a moment gathered together once more the fragments of the empire ; but it was reserved for Akbar to rebuild the fabric in more than its ancient grandeur. The coins are of some value in tracing the variations in the empire which thus rose and fell with such astonishing rapidity. With a view to supplying the data they afford in the manner most convenient for reference, I have » E. Thomas: Chivnicle?, pp. 203- 20G. INTRODUCTION. XV arranged the known mints of each Sultan in the following table, including not only the British Museum examples, but those in Mr. Thomas's Chronicles, and in Mr. C. J. Rodgers' supplementary papers in the Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, vols. xlix. and li. TABLE ILLUSTRATING THE EXTEXT OF THE EMPIRE BY THE MIXTS.* 589 — 602 Muhammad ibn Sam, Yildiz, 607—633 Altamsh, 634—637 Riziyah, 637—639 Bahram Shah, 639—644 Mas'ud, 644—664 Mahmud I., 664—686 Balban, 686—689 Kai-Kubad, 689—695 Firoz II., 695 Ibrahim I., 695—715 Muhammad Shah I., 716—720 Mubarak I., 720 Khusru, 720—725 Taghlak I., 725 — 752 Muhammad ibn Taghlak, Dehli, Satgaon, Sondr- gdon, Agrah, Tagh- lakpur(i.e.Tirhut?), Daulatabad and Yi^o- gir, Sultanpur, (i.e. Warangol,) Lakh- nauti (i.e. Gaur). * Mints in the National Collection are printed in roman letters; those from Mr. Thomas's ChroiiirUs, in italics; while those from Mr. Rodgers'. papers are printed in small capitals. Ghazm, [Kanauj,] Pe- s/iavjar, Farwan. Ghazni. Dehli, ]\Iultan,Narwar? Lahor? Lakhnauti. Dehli. Dehli. Dehli. Dehli. Dehli. Dehli. Dehli. Dehli, DeSffir. Dehli, Kutbdbdd (i.e. Dehli ?). Dehli. Dehli, Deogir, Talang. xvi INTltODUCTION. 752- -790 Kroz III., Dehli. 790- -791 Taghlak II., Dehli. 792- -795 Muhammad III., Dehli. 795 Sikandar I., Dehli. 795- -797 Malimud II., Dehli. 797- -802 Nasrat, Dehli. 824- -837 Mubarak II., Dehli. 837- -847 Muhammad IV., Dehli. 847- -855 'Alim, Dehli. 855- -894 Buhlol, Dehli, Jaunpur. 894- -923 Sikaudar IT., Behli. 923- -930 Ibrahim II., 946- -952 Sher Shah, Dehli (Jahanpanah), Sliarifabad,Shergarh, Ag-rah, Gwalior, Shergadah, Kalpi, Hisar, Raiitambhor, Chundr, Bidnd, Ndr- nol, Bhdnpur, Sam- BHAL, AlWAR, UjAIN. 952- -960 Islam Shah, Agrah, Gwalior, Sat- gaon, SJtakk-i-Bakar, Sharif dbdd, Shergarh. 960- —961 Muhammad 'Adil, Narnol, Gwalior. Some of these mints have prefixes. Dehli is generally adorned with the epithet S^.iio- ; but sometimes .iU-oJI jb is substituted, and rarely ^l^ wsl^ . The last appellation is also given to Daulatabad ; ^^Jil is prefixed to Taghlakpur, aaL> to Jaunpur, iaJ^ to Deogir, and 5^ or ^Xj to Ghazni. Some mints have double names : e.g., j>%^*'^)^ jb or ai^KaJl jb, or dUJlya., or iWM*5, stands for Dehli; j^^.i and >\^^i are synonymous ; whilst j^UxL^ repre- sents Warangol, and j>-AJLij probably for Tirhiit. The appear- INTRODUCTION. XVU ance of Jaunpur as the second mint of Bulilol is interesting- when it is recollected that it was this Sultan who re- annexed Jaunpur in 893 after it had been independent for a century. It will be noticed that the names of several of the Sultans are absent from the preceding table. This is owing- to various causes; Aibek, for instance, is not known to have struck any coins at all ; Abu-Bakr, Sikaudar II., Ibrahim II., etc., issued coins without stating the names of the mints ; while Daulat Khan Lodi and Khizr Khan, in the general confusion which accompanied the invasion of India by Timur, preferred rather to trade upon the traditional credit of their predecessors than to make any demands upon the peojjle's trust in their personal solvency, and thus issued their coins in the name of Firoz III. or Muhammad III., the mints of which issues cannot be held to offer veiy trustworthy evidence of the extent of their strikers' dominion, which, however, we know from other sources to have been limited to a small district immediately surrounding Dehli. Neither of these two puppets was a king in any real sense, and to such, "it mattered little whose superscription was placed on the public money, — his duty was confined to authorising the legality of the new issues by so much of his attestation as was implied in the annual date recorded on the reverse, ... a system, indeed, which the East India Company, of their own free will, imitated with much credit and simplicity by striking their rupees in the name of Shah 'Alam and other defunct monarchs of Dehli, whose money had of old obtained good repute in the local bazars. But as the progressive annual dates, which were needed to test the good faith of Oriental princes, came in process of time to be a source of confusion and an opportunity for money- changers, the Government adopted the expedient of select- ing the best current coin of the day, and based their standard upon its intrinsic value; and so the immutable c Xviii INTRODUCTION. date of ' the xix san (year) of Shah 'Alam ' came to figure upon our much-prized ' Sicca Rupees.' "* The chief importance of the coinage of the Sultans of Dehli lies in its bearing upon the currencies of India. It is before all things a series which attracts the metrologist. Any one who has studied Mr. Thomas's elaborate examina- tion of the relations between these issues and the ancient Indian metric system will understand the value of the coinage of Dehli in this respect. I do not propose to re- capitulate here the results of Mr. Thomas's researches^ which are easily accessible in his Chronicles ; but a sketch of the principal developments of the coinage is necessary to a due appreciation of the various pieces described in the following pages. In considering the general character of the Dehli series, we must set aside the introductory issues of Muhammad ibn Sam and his lieutenant Yildiz, which are not only of very uncertain weights, but obviously indicate an attempt to carry on the Muhammadan system of large dirhams. The conqueror of Hindustan readily recognized the fact that it was not to such issues that he must resort in his dealings with his new Indian subjects. From time immemorial the staple of the currency in the northern provinces of India had consisted of small copper and hillon (silver and copper) pieces, which later on came to be known from the locality as Behl'mdls. These, stamped with the traditional religious emblems, the Bull of Siva and the Kabul or Chohan horseman, would inevitably form the models upon which an adapted coinage must be based, if it were to obtain favour in the eyes of a conservative people. Accordingly, Muhammad ibn Sam issued Dehliwals, with these emblems and his own name inscribed in Nngari or Hindi characters * E. 'I'luiiiiJis : r/()v;>/,V^(S, pp. 329, 330 ; Iiiti'rnatluiial Numismata Orien- talhi, vol i, jiart 1, Ancient Indian We'ujhts, p. 53 /". INTRODUCTION. xix of a rude type. So closely did he imitate the style of the preceding local coinage, or so scrupulously did he avail himself of the services of the old moneyers, that it has been found possible to attribute many of his coins to mints whose names are not recorded upon their surfaces, by indications of style and treatment of the devices. Similar reasons induced him to preserve, though only for a short time, the peculiar gold issues of Kanauj, with a rude figure of the goddess Lakhshmi, adding his name in Nagari. The billon Dehliwals, which for convenience are headed " Copper " in the present volume, retained their old important posi- tion in the currency of Hindiistan through the greater part of the duration of the dynasty founded by Muhammad ibn Sam. They underwent various modifications, especially in the substitution of Arabic for Nagari inscriptions ; and there are minor differences in the form and position of the Bull Nandi and the Horseman, which have been noted. But the main fact, that a billon currency formed the staple of exchange in Hindustan, is undisturbed. Muhammad ibn Sam^s conquests " were always associated with an adapta^ tion, more or less complete, of the local currency ; hence we find the peculiar type of the Ghori Horseman retained in its own locality ; the distinctive Kurman outline [upright posture] of the Bull of Siva maintains its identity throuo-h succeeding foreign dynasties ; . . . Ajmir, Dehll, Multan, and Sind, each preserved, but little modified, a Tuo-hra outline of the early device of the first Brahman Kino-s of Kabul, — the Cavalier with the reverse of the Sacred Bull/'* Side by side with this native coinage, a new and charac- teristic issue was introduced by Altamsh in the early part of the seventh century of the Flight. This was the silver * E. Thomas : Chronicles, p. 36. XX INTRODUCTION. Tankah, which held its place as the standard silver coin to the end of the dynasty, and was so much approved that a gold Tankah, of equal weight, was added by Balban in the same century, which retained its position, with a brief interrup- tion, for more than a century ,^-until, in fact, the precarious tenure of power by the Sultans of Dehll rendered any is§ue of gold coins incompatible with the state of the treasury. The Tankah, silver or gold, should weigh 175 grains, and the existing specimens bear out the esti- mate with tolerable accuracy. Seventy-five silver Tankahs in the British Museum, from Altamsh to Taghlak Shah I., weigh collectively 12,550 grains, or a trifle over 166 grains apiece, which, allowing for wear and sweating, is a fair average. None of these 75 pieces fall below 161 (indeed only two fall below 163 grains), and some reach the weight of 171. The gold show an even better average, for 21 specimens in the British Museum, from Balban to Taghlak Shah I., weigh collectively 8526 grs., which gives 167Yy as the weight of each, or just under 16S grs. One of these goes as high as 173, and only one falls below 164. Thus from the begin- ning of a regular silver coinage under Altamsh, about the year 632 of the Hijrah, to the time of Muhammad ibn Taghlak, A.H. 725, the Tankah was the standard of cur- rency in the empire of Dehli. With Muhammad ibn Taghlak begins a series of innova- tions, which, although they were not destined to last long, introduced in their brief duration many curious and novel features into the currency of Hindustan. Muhammad Shah is stated to have had some such change in contemplation with regard to the Tankah as Muhammad ibn Taghlak eventually carried into effect. He was anxious to strike a new Tankah of 140 grains, in order to pay his Sijiahis, or Sepoys, with as little expense as possible. This was the precise reduction which Ibn Taghlak effected. His new INTRODrCTION. XXI 'AclUs, or " equItalDle [coins]," as tliey were called,* for no very obvious reason, weig-lied 140 grains, and from A.H. 725 to 730 the new standard obtained throughout his empire. The British Museum specimens range from 137 to 151 grs., and give an average of 141 grs. In a, h. 730, how- ever, Muhammad ibn Taghlak thought better of his reform, and other coins of that year maintain the old weight of 169 (for 175) grs. Simultaneously he had attempted an altera- tion in the standard of the gold Tankahs, which he raised to 200 grs., as witness the pieces of 197, 19S, and 199 grs. in this volume. But this change was even more short-lived than that in the silver; it began in A.H. 726, and already in 729 and 730 the old Tankah of 175 grs. is again repre- sented by gold pieces weighing 168, 169, and 171 grs. But the most remarkable of all Muhammad ibn Tagh- lak's monetary enterprises was the attempt to introduce a forced currency of brass at the value of the Tankah. Such attempts at a fiduciary coinage had before been made b}' Oriental sovereigns. Khubilai Khan, the Mongol em- peror of China, had succeeded in perfecting a very convenient paper currency in the Celestial empire ; and the Mongol Ilkban of Persia, Gai-khatu, with very different motives, had endeavoured to force a paper money upon his Persian, subjects ; but the strenuous resistence he encountered made an end of the fraud and of his own sovereignty. Muhammad ibn Taghlak's forced currency was of a different order. It was chiefly of brass, and the state of the treasury seems to havejustifiedanysystem of nominal values,inasmuch as Ibn Taghlak could easily have redeemed the whole issue at the nominal prices. Indeed, when, after about three years, (730 — 732,) the trial proved unsuccessful, in consequence of innumerable imitations, against which the Sultan had organized no regal protective marks, Muhammad ibnTao-hlak * The name occurs on the coinage itself. XXU INTEODUCTION. took up tlie whole brass currency, g-enuine and forged alike, at the values for which they were intended to pass. In such circumstances there can be no question of dishonesty on the part of the ruler. That he anticipated some reluc- tance on the part of his subjects to accept the brass currency as equivalent to the silver Tankah may be seen from the character of the legends with which the new coins were in- scribed: — ,j-o«-^)t cllal J.AS ^UaJU.)! clJat ^^ "Whoso obeys the Sultan obeys the Compassionate/' \^a.^io\^ aii\ \^s^io\. Laxj ^^,ASu ^_^U)I J.£» ^UaA,-JI ^)^ *^) ^,^:ij^ j.^*^\ fJ$\^ ^J^J.l\ " Obey God and obey the Prophet, and those in authority among you : sovereignty is not conferred upon all men ; some of them (precede) others ;" etc. At the same time, while thua appealing to the Koran for the inculcation of obedience to the powers that be, Muhammad ibn Taghlak was careful to let the people understand for exactly how much the new piece was intended to pass. Thus we find the inscription j^ ^^ ^^sJ jL<.a»^ jtj j4.«1 ^J^ j^^J3j j> ;?-5lj aCC> " Sealed as a Tan- kah current in the reign of the slave hopeful [of grace] Mu- hammad [ibn] Taghlak/' and again ^^ " Struck [as] the fourth ; ^jZJ\j^^ji\ " The legal dirham," j^^JI " The half-piece ;" c-^ Jj^ ^\^ "Good [for] eight Kanis," or ^A^ 33 ajC^ " Money of two Kanis/' and finally ^JUu ^JUI JJUj. " A Chital equal to one Kani :" but these varieties are not all repre- sented in the National Collection, In Mr. Thomas's No. 201, I read dS.-^ not aCJ. In order to understand what these denominations mean, we must consult Mr. Thomas's * table of the Currency during the reign of Muhammad ibn Taghlak, here subjoined with some modifications in the arrangement. * Chronicles, p. 219. INTRODUCTION. XXll MUHAMMAD IBX TAGHLAK'S CUREEKCY. Tankah. Kani. Du- kani. Shash- kani. Hasht- kani. Duwaz- Shanz- dah-k. dah-k. Kani (or Cliital), 1 Du-kani (or Sul- tan!) . . . . 2 1 Shash-kani . . G 3 1 Hasht-kani . . 8 4 H 1 Duwazdaii-kaiii . 12 6 2 1| 1 Shanzdah-kani . 16 8 2| 2 H 1 Tankah {old, 175 grs.) . . 64 32 lOf 8 5i 4 The ancient quaternary scale is here observable through- out : there are no fives or tens. The new 'Adli Tankah of 140 grs., however, correspond to 50 Kanis, and pieces of 25 Kanis were struck to subdivide it. Afterwards Firoz Shah III. appears to have introduced 2, 10, 24, and 48 Kani pieces. On comparing the weights of the forced brass cunency with the foregoing table,nianydifRcultiespresent themselves. Mr. Thomas once seemed inclined to fix the denomina- tion (only tentatively, it is true,) by the weights of the pieces described iu his Chronicles. I am disposed to think that the weight had very little to do with the distinction of denominations. The brass coin intended to pass for a silver Tankah, and bearing an inscription stating so, does indeed carry a weight of 136 grs., nearly approaching the 140 grs. of the new 'Adli Tankah, which, however, at the time of the forced currency, seems to have already been abolished in favour of the old 175 grs. Tankah, so that we should rather expect the brass coin to weigh 175 grs. But even if it were granted that the 140 Tankah is intended to be represented in weight by the brass pieces in question, the subdivisions show no correspondence in the matter of weight* XXiv INTRODUCTION. The piece marked 8 Kanis weighs 53 grs., which is neither an eig-hth part of 136 nor a 6^ part, taking the two vakies of the old and new Tankahs (64 and 50 Kanis) into con- sideration. If the 136 brass Tankah is meant to equal 50 Kanis, the 8 Kani piece should weigh about 21 grs. Or if the brass Tankah of 136 grs. is intended to represent the old Tankah of 175 grs., the 8 Kani piece should follow a similar reduction in weight, and should hardly exceed 17 grs. Again, on whatever principle we accommodate the 8 Kani piece to the Tankah, it is impossible to give a satisfactory account, on the weight system, of the Du-kani piece, which weighs 25 grs,, instead of 13, as it should if it is to bear any relation to the 8 Kani piece. Then there is a unique CMfal of copper, equal to 1 Kani, but weigh- ing no less than 74 grs., which must upset all calcula- tions. Nor is it easy, on the principle of a uniform scale of weights, to explain the pieces of 112 and 55 grs., which Mr. Thomas suggests may be 40 and 20 Kanis. Why should a 20 Kani piece weigh only 2 grs, more than an 8 Kani piece ? A remarkable Birham Sliar'i, " Legal dirham," also appears in the series, which comes up to 80 grs., which no legal dirham ever did; while the Nisf^ or halt'-dirham, (as Mr. Thomas terms it,) weighs no less than 103 grs. I do not quote these weights under any impression that Mr. Thomas has ever sought to prove that the brass coinage was strictly adjusted to a regular scale of weights corresponding to those of the silver coins they were intended to supplant ; indeed a remark of his (on p. 248) shows that he is per- fectly alive to the discrepancies in the scale of weights; but I am anxious to state clearly that any deduction from the weights is likely to be fallacious, inasmuch as the closest examination reveals no system or graduated scale whatever. The lower denominations were lighter than the higher, and that is, I believe, all that can be formulated about them on the subject. INTRODUCTION. XXV Another carious feature in the currency — not the forced issues — of this " Prince of Monejers " is the striking of gold and copper coins in the sole name of the contemporary Khalifah of Egypt, the faineant representative of the once powerful house of ■'Abba^!. The only parallel instance in the Dehli series is the remarkable coin of Altamsh^ No. 35, where only the Khalifah Al-Mustansir's name appears in the inscriptions.* From the earliest issues of the Sultans of Dehli, the spiritual lords of the Muslims were never neglected. Muhammad ibn Sam put the name of the reigning Khalifah of the yet surviving dynasty of Baghdad upon his silver coins, while the Nagari letters W{ frfti;:, Sri Ilainirah, may perhaps stand for ^*.;^^1 j.A.«t Amir al-uiu-iniiiin, as the occurrence in the same position of the form ^ ^^^^j Sri ShalipJia, i.e. Al-Khalifak, seems to show; though Sri Haniirah might of course equally well represent ^^-^/«iO' simply, and refer to Muhammad ibn Sam himself. From the time of Muhammad ibn Sam to that of Firoz II., the names of the 'Abbasi Kiialifahs of Baghdad appear regularly on the gold and silver coins; and even so late as G95, forty years after the forcible destruction of the Baghdad Khalifate and the murder of Al-Musta'sim by Hiihigu, the name of this ill-fated Pontiff is seen on the coinage of Dehli. At last, however, the Sultans of Hindustan seem to have realized that there could be little spiritual benefit in retaining the name of a Khalifah who had been dead for forty years, and accordingly from the accession of Ibrahim I. the coinage does not record the name of the Khalifah, but inscribes only a bare reference to his existence, in the Sultan's title Ndsir Amir-al-mu- mhiin, to which Muhammad I. added the title of Yamin al-Khilafah. The next alteration took place under Mubarak Shah I., * E. TliOiuas, Chronicler, p. 4G. XXVI INTRODUCTION. who, alter beginning' with the stereotyped Ndsir Aniir- al-imi-minin of his predecessors, assumed the dignity of Khalif'ah himself, in the style j.^a\ £•*' ^5^' ^^^ Taghlak Shah I. re- turned to the old form of Nasir Amir-al-mu-minin. Then his son Muhammad introduced the crowning acknowledg- ment of the Egyptian Khalifate when he struck coins in which he omitted all mention of himself, and substituted the inscription '' This Klialifati dinar was struck ... in the time of the Imam Al-Mustakfi,"" the then reigning ^Abbasi Khalif'ah of the restored line in Egypt. It was not apparently until this period, more than eighty years after the revival of the Khalifate in Egypt under the Mamluks, that the Sultans of Dehli became aware of this restoration ; and Mu- hammad ibn Taghlak certainly spared no pains to empliasize the discovery. After his brief issue of purely "Kha- lifati''^ coins, in gold and copper, in the middle of the eighth century of the Flight, the name of the reigning Egyptian Khalif'ah api^ears regularly upon the Dehli mintings, in conjunction with that of the Sultan, until A.H. 795; after which year the monarchs of Dehli seem again to have become uncertain as to the names of the successive Kha- lif'ahs, and therefore contented themselves with simply inscribing the fact that there was a Khalif'ah of some name or another, without seeking to indicate his precise titles. The forms, " In the time of the Prince of the Faithful," ^j.Loj^lj-^1 ^x>j ^, or ^' The Khalifah [is] the Prince of the Faithful,''' retained their place on the coinage until the time of Sher Shah, with the variation of JSVi'id Amir-al-mu- minin. Sher Shah abolished the style of Khalifah altogether from the coinage, with a due sense of historical accuracy, since the Egyptian Khalifate had by then been absorbed by INTRODUCTION. XXVU the Sultans of Turkey, and the Sultan of Dehli could not be expected to understand that the spiritual power thus trans- ferred ought to be recog-nised in so remote a region as Hindustan. Slier Shah^ however, upheld the character of the Dehli coinage for Sunni orthodoxy by inserting the names and epithets of the first four Khalifuhs, Abu-Bakr, ^Umar, 'Uthman, and 'All, and the example was followed by his successors to the close of the dynasty. After the reign of Muhammad ibn Taghlak the coinage of the Sultans of Dehli greatly deteriorates. Only eight gold Tankahs are found in the British Museum collection after this monarch, and of these but one is later than FIroz III., his immediate successor. The specimens in question are of the old weight of 167 to 170 grs. The silver also becomes greatly diminished. AVith the excep- tion of a few posthumous silver Tankahs, struck chiefly by Khizr Khan in the name of Muhammad III., about 817, no silver coins occur in the British INIuseum between the death of Muhammad ibn Taghlak and the accession of Slier Shah, an interval of nearly 200 years. Sher Shah and his successors abolished the hlUon coinage, which had absorbed almost all the exchange of India, and restored the silver Tankah in its original weight of about 175 grs. The specimens in the Museum fall little below this figure. The inscriptions on the coins of the Sultans are unusually monotonous. Save in the phenomenal issues of Mu- hammad ibn Taghlak, the religious inscriptions are of the commonest order, and there are not many even of these. A few peculiar forms may be noticed : e.g., the complete form of the Profession of Faith pi aJDI -n)! A)l^) J^ ji^l on 260-^263; \^\ ji^A^ ^^\ ^W^ (Kur. xxxv. 15); \^aJa\ ^Ul J£9 ^UiuJI ^)^_ ^) Jj^ y>'^)\ ^313 J>wjJI l^xJ*!^ aJUI \Js.su ^S.ATLi (partly from Kur. iv. 62); and the benedictory formulas ajIAjj aJUI jljl, njaJ^ ^^\ and dJ'iJ^j dJ^iU? aXII Jj^. The titles of the sovereigns of Dehli are as monotonous as XXVm TNTRODIICTION. their religious legends. They are all "Sultans," and, after BMhram, ''Shahs" also, and the almost universal epithet they add to exidt the former title is ^ia.£.^\. Down to the time of Muhammad ibn Taghlak, they hardly ever varied this formula, although Muhammad ibn Sam himself, when under his brother's suzerainty, began with the variety of ^ka^l. Original in his titles, as in everything else, Mu- hammad ibn Taghlak abandoned the cherished epithet, which Taghlak I. had already shaken by his occasional substitution of the epithet jj;jUJI. Muhammad his son began his gold coinage with a posthumous coin in memory of his father, bearing the unprecedented series j.*yiJl j^^si-JI (jjUH. This he followed by various new titles, such as aAJI J.-s^w ^ »>.*,U^I, ^f^jJJ\ dJJt a^^efcj ^_5«^I;.M, and the Persian jlj^.-jt 6^^, representing the Arabic ^ef.\^\ a*aJl. After his time, the old formula returns once or twice, chiefly on posthumous issues in the name of Muham- mad III.; but as a rule the later Sultans of Dehli were satisfied with the simple epithet, inaugurated by Firoz II. (who also styled himself ^Jhji J^^j Jj'>^') of ^LkJ-^, Sidfani or As-SuUdni, with " Lieutenant of the Prince of the Faithful," ^i:^y^)\ j.^\ y.^5U, not unfrequently added. The Lodis abolished this title and called themselves ^-o^jJ ' 1^5^^ J^> V I ; and Sher Shah and Islam Shah adopted the style of J^Ult ^IkJLJt; or, on the copper issues, the very peculiar formula ,^laJI ^i^^)! jLJjJS o-i^^ (or ,^«£3la^)l). Added to the first title are generally a lakab, such as Nasir-ad-din, and a hivj/aJi, which is universally Ahu-l-Miizaffar, whenever there is a kunyah at all, except in two cases when it \s Jhi-l-Miijd/tid. Nasir Amir-al-mu-minin is, as has been said, a common addition to these titles, from Altamsh to Muhammad I., and on the coins of Taghlak I. " Sword of the Prince of the Faithful,'' (j.*-u>3-oJt j^^\ \Ji^, occurs on the coinage of INTRODUCTION. XXIX c Fir6z IT., as does the form ,j-^^l j^\ w-5U, which remains in use to the time of ]\rubarak IT. The one Queen of the line, Riziyah ibnat Altamsh, used the form ^J..;^^\\ j^\ oj^. So at least the specimen in the British Museum reads, and this is confirmed by a specimen described and eng-raved by Dr. Hoernle in the Journal of the Beng-al Asiatic Society (1881). Mr. Thomas has read yj.J^^^] j^\ 5j^^ from another example. The only other titles of importance occurring' on the coins under i-eview are those of Muhammad T., ^*j, soon changing" to ,j-mU^I J.A.45I dJJb Jj\^\ . . .^la.s.^)l>aU'^)l, and Khusrii Shah's ,^j.fJ^^\ j^\ ^J^ ^.<,A.ji\ j, and j^e>. Dr. Hoernle refers to in the Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society (1881). In the arrang-ement of posthumous coins, as well as in some other minor details of order, I have departed from the pattern which is set, generally with excellent judgment, in the Chronicles. I class the posthumous coins under the king whose name they bear, and give a cross-reference in the place where they should come if the order were strictly chronological. The matter is merely a question of convenience; and I fonnd that the coins were more clearly described and more easily compared in this order than if they had been placed where their dates demanded. Instances of this arrangement will be frequently met with in this volume, and the student must not be deceived by the classification into the belief that the Sultans enjoyed preternaturally long reigns. By a contrary principle to that which prompted the issue of posthumous coins, Nos. 410 — 412 in this catalogue were struck by Mu- hammad III. before he actually became Sultan, when he was associated with his father Firoz III. in the government. It would have been better if I had indicated this circum- stance in the heading. As coins, without reference to their historical or geogra- phical or other relations, those of the Sultans of Dehli are singularly fine. Especially beautiful are the clear-cut gold issues of Muhammad ibn Taghlak, where the smaller su])er- ficies enabled a better impression to be struck with the die. But the chief test of a coinage is rather in the assay than in the calligraphy, though the latter is not to be despised upon Muhammadan coins, where the finer departments of the engraver^s art could not be allowed free s'cope. Mr. Thomas has given some details of assaying experiments with the coins of Dehli, and the result in the higher metals shows great regularity. Muhammad I.'s gold, for example, had a fineness of 94"2, and Firoz II.^s of 94'5. More interesting are the assays which Mr. Thomas had XXXll INTRODUCTION. made in India of the billon coinage, by the usual native process of blowing- off the copper with lead. The following are some of his results : — Twelve of Nasir-ad-din Mahmud's dehUwdls, with a collec- tive weight of 584 grs., produced 149 grs. of silver, or 12"14 (nearly jth) apiece. Various specimens of Firoz III., [Chronicles, No. 228), weigh- ing from 131'5 to 141 grs. each, contained irregular proportions of silver, ranging from 12 to 24 grs. apiece. Four coins of Buhlol LoJi, weighing about 140 grs. each, gave gr., 15'3 grs., 14 gvs., and 6*7 grs., silver. The average silver in the coins of Sikandar ibn Buhlol, from an assay of over thirty, was 5*64 in each piece, of an average weight of about 140 grs. each. The subjoined tables of the genealogical relations of the various princes whose money is described in this volume, together with the map of mediaeval India, will be useful to the student of this dynasty in its connection with the history of India at large. In conclusion, I am glad to have this opportunity of expressing my thanks to Mr. Edward Thomas, not only for the assistance which eveiy student of the coins of the Sul- tans of Dehli must derive from his learned and exhaustive Chronicles, but also for the kindness with which he has per- mitted me to examine his own annotated copy of that work, and has read the proof-sheets of this Introduction. I am also much indebted to Professor Percy Gardner for his super- vision of the Nagari inscriptions included in this volume, to Mr. Redhouse, Dr. Stickel, and MM. Tiesenhausen and Sauvaire, for various suggestions ; while to the Keeper of Coins, in his minute and scrupulous revision of every line of the work, I owe many valuable corrections and improve- ments. STANLEY LANE-POOLE. Richmond, Nov. 24, LSC4. 7i^^^ M^^r ( xxxiii ) i-S "c _J I LU Q LL O CO z ^< H -J D '2 if) >^ 5 LU I ■13 g 5 13 < H >H '5 d ft S. rs u. "%~ O 'S ^ « 'a 3 CO Lll 1— ( ISS N UJ i— i ^ rH -J < O o o _J < UJ z LlJ C!5 ^-s! ^ 3 II '3 M 13^ M If^ U1 -^ c - 1^3 1i'^ ^ ( xxxiv ) P O a •-6 rfl r"7t xes ria n3 W U m M CJ e3 ^ vS ■M^ ^ s g.... d 'S ;3-§ rrt <» d la 3 VrH 1 ?3 n3 ^H f-S 1 •::! I* «3 '^ J !25 M u a rd Id tX2 d ( XXXV ) T3 a M c« Xi -4d V5J OQ -^ (M Q O I— I W i3' d p^ ES3 pp ^ ^^ ^rt ^ J3 <1 CC 2 ed ^ ,a OQ 53 a »> CO Xi. sfl A CQ tH v» -£3 ^ »<8 M ji C X/l »nj C 'T; n3 s M -TJ OQ N ? HH ^0 t4 •T3 mH ^s PC4 eS CO hS4 wi CO ( xxxix ) TABLE OF THE METHOD OF TRANSLITERATION ADOPTED IN THIS CATALOGUE. 1 a w> b (_» P o t *. t ^ J ^ ch C h t kh i d 5 z J r J z CH a » LH sh C^ s UO ~ y f t t gh v-5 f v3 h ^ h ^ 9 J I J> m o n h i 7V l5 y a \L t l5 M 3- ^1 ai, e 3I au, ti CONTENTS. PAGE Editor's Preface V Introduction . . vii Genealogical Tables xxxiii Table of Transliteration . xxxix The Sultans of DeMi . 1 Muhammad ibn Sam . . . . . . 3 Taj-ad-din Yildiz . 10 Kanauj Issue . . . , . . 12 Ajam Shah . 12 Shams-ad-din Altamsh . . 13 Chohar Deva of Narwar . . 14 Rukn-ad-din Firoz Shah I. . . . 17 Riziyah . 18 Mu'izz-ad-din Bahram Shah . . 19 'Ala-ad-din Mas'ud Shah . 21 Xasir-ad-din Mahmud Shah I. . . . 24 Ghiyas-ad-din Balban . 27 Mu'izz-ad-din Kai-Kubad . . . 31 Second Dynasty . 34 Jalal-ad-din Firoz II. . . . 34 Rukn-ad-din Ibrahim Shah 11. . 37 'Ala-ad-din Muhammad Shah I. . . 38 Shihab-ad-din 'Umar Shah . 43 Kutb-ad-din Mubarak Shah I. . . 44 Nasir-ad-din Khusru Shah . 49 / xlii CONTENTS. PAGE Thied Dynasty 50 Ghiyas-ad-din Taghlak Shah I. . . .50 Muhammad II. ibn Taghlak . . . . 56 Forced Cui-rency ... . . 63 Coins struck in the name of the 'Abbasi Khalifa hs of Egypt . . .69 Al-Mustakfi II 69 Al-Hakim 71 Mahmiid Shah ibn Muhammad ibn Tagh- lak, pretender . . . . .72 Firoz Shah III 73 With Path Khan ...... 79 With Zafer 80 Ghiyas-ad-din Taghlak Shah II. . . . 81 Abu-Bakr Shah 82 Muhammad Shah III. ibn Fiiuz . . .84 Posthumous Coins . . . . . 86 Sikandar Shah 1 87 Mahmud Shah II 88 Nasrat Shah {Interregmnn) . . . .90 Posthumous Coin . . . . . 90 Fourth Dynasty ...... 91 Mubarak Shah II 91 Muhammad Shah IV. ibn Farid . . .93 'Alim Shah 96 Fifth Dynasty 97 Buhlol Lodi 97 Sikandar II. Lodi 101 Ibrahim Lodi ....... 104 Sixth Dynasty 105 Sher Shdb 105 Islam Shah 118 Muhammad 'Adil Shah 125 Sikandar Shah III 127 CONTENTS. xliii PAGE . . 129 . 131 . . 139 . 147 . . 167 . 109 . . 174 • 1'5 YIII. ^Miscellaneous ...... 177 Table for converting English inches into millimetres and into the measures of Mionnet's scale . . 180 Table of the relative weights of English grains and French, grammes ....... 183 Comparative Table of the years of the Hijrah and of the Christian Era ....... 185 Indexes . . I. Years . IL Mints III. Xames . IV. Nagari Inscriptions V. Points . VI. Marks VII. Figures ( xliv ) EKRATA. p. 18, for u^«^t read (jLo^JI . P. 33, no. 135 delate Pl. III. P. 47, no. 226, delete Pl. IY. P. 93, fcjv j^^ read J^jfi ■ P. Ill, for j.Mt read ^*w . The following references to the Plates have been accidentally omitt'^d : — Kos. 268, 274, 276, 284, 309, 323, are figured in Plate V.; and nos. 518 and 530 in Plate VIII. THE SULTANS OF DEHLI. ( 3 ) THE SULTANS OF DEHLI. FIRST DYNASTY.— TURKS. A.H. A,D. I. Mu'izz-ad-din Muhammad ibn Sam . . 589 1193 II. Kutb-ad-din Aibak . . . .602 1205 III. Aram Shtih 607 1210 IV. Shams-ad-dia Altamsh . . . .607 1210 V. Rukn-ad-din Ffrdz Shah I. ... 633 1235 VI. Riziyah 634 1236 VII. Mu'izz-ad-din Bahram Shah . . . 637 1239 VIII. 'Ala-ad-dm Mas'ud Shah . . .639 1241 IX. Nasir-ad-din Mahmiid Shah I. . . . 644 1246 X. Ghiyas-ad-din Balban . . . .664 1265 XI. Mu'izz-ad-din Kai-Kubad . . . 686 1287 SECOND DYNASTY.— KHALJIS. XII. Jalal-ad-din Fiioz Shah II. . . . 689 1290 XIII. Rukn-ad-din Ibrahim Shah I. . . G9o 1295 XIV. 'Ala-ad-din Muhammad Shah I. . . 695 1295 XV. Shihab-ad-din 'Umar Shah . . .715 1315 XVI. Kutb-ad-din Mubarak Shah I. . . . 716 1316 XVII. Nasir-ad-din Khusru Shah . . .720 1320 ( 4 ) THIRD DYNASTY.— TAGHLAK SHAHIS. A.H. A.D. XVIII. Ghiyas-ad-diii Taghlak Shah I. . . 720 1320 XIX. Muhammad IT. ibu Taghlak . . 725 1324 XX. Firoz Shah III 752 1351 XXI. Taghlak Shah II 790 1388 XXII. Abu-Bakr Shah 791 1388 XXIII. Muhammad Shah III. . . .792 1389 XXIV. Slkaudar Shah 1 795 1392 XXV. MahmudShahll 795 1392 XXVI. Nasrat Shah (Interregnum) . . . 797 1394 Mahmud restored . . . .802 1399 XXVII. Daulat Khan Lodi . . . . 815 1412 FOURTH DYNASTY.— SEYYIDS. XXVIII. KhizrKhan 817 1414 XXIX. Mu'izz-ad-din Mubarak Shah II. . 824 1421 XXX. Muhammad Shah IV. . . . 837 1433 XXXI. 'Allm Shuh 847 1443 FIFTH DYNASTY.— AFGHANS. XXXII. Buhlol Lodi 855 1451 XXXIII. Sikandar II. ibn Buhlol . . . 894 1488 XXXIV. Ibrahim II. ibn Sikandar . . 923 1517 Mughals : Babar and Humajim . 930 152G SIXTH DYNASTY. - Farid-ad-din Sher Shah AFGHANS. XXXV. XXXVI. Islam Shah . XXXVII. Muhammad 'Adil Shdh XXXVIII. Ibrahim Sur . XXXIX. Sikandar Siuih III. . Mughals : Humayun, etc. 946 952 900 9G1 962 962 ] 539 1545 1552 1553 1554 1554 I.-M U H AMM AD IBN SAM. A.H. 589—602. M A.-IN CONJUNCTION WITH GHIYAS-AD-DIN GHURI. SILVEE. Inscriptions arrancjed in concentric circles. No. Hint: Date. I 1 , Ghazni , Obv., 1st circle, ^^.aJI CH^b L^-^'v'W a'>«o J-wjI (jJ=> [^Jj aJ.^ \i>i\'^^ ^^ */v-'*!^' 2nd circle, ^liCNJI J^iaX^S aJDI J^j j.<.a^< -i 2nd circle, J^< ^^«oJ' ^Usd-JI aJJI O-:!*^ ^^^Ut 3rd circle, jaIsloJI ^jI O^J^^'j WJ^' Centre, PL. I. (Th. 3). 5l]-25, Wt. 73 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. M No. 2 Mint: Date. Gliazni 596 CO [59]8 Obv. and Eev., 1st circles and centres as on 1; but oJj for 5>Aj Obv., 2nd circle, [o^JftJL«]JI aJUI 0"i«^ >-»^-^' ^^ '^' **J' '^ 3rd circle, ^j1 O-tl-'^'b ^^' ^-'^s^ Rev., 2nd circle, jsua j^'a^S ^Ua^JI aXJI J^^j t>«ia>»e 3rd circle, jaIa^I ^t O^JJ'i ^[*^«>J'] Pierced. B. MS, Wt. 48 Obv., within double square, A l]-JI ^)l ^^ )l ^) aJJI J3 »j ^x-c- -* * ^ ^jjkJIj L-JjJl vtjL*_c In segments, outside square. Rev., within double square, 4JJI ^jJ ^^Ut In segments, outside square, I J O^ ^^-^ I I • • • "■^-'"^ Pl, I. Al 1-1, VVt. 82 MUHAMMAD IBN sAm. M No. 4 Mint; Date. [Labor ? Th.] COPPER.* (Dehliwals.) Obv. Horseman to left, with lance at charge. Inscription illegible. Eev. OUaJU[M JE -55 PL. I. (Th. 7.)t X. -65 * Small coins of the size and character of 4 and 5 abound in the Patan series. They are very seldom of pure copper, but usually of a mixture of silver and copper, m the proportions stated in various places in Mr. Thomas's Chronicles, and in the Introduction to this volume. The general designa- tion of ' copper ' has, however, been adhered to throughout, inasmuch as that metal always predominates. t The title i'u^l seems to indicate that Muhammad was still the Ueutenant of his brother ^.J^\ «U ; after whose death, he adopts the form THE SULtAnS of DKHLI. B.-ALONE. N No. Mint: Date. GOLD. G Ghazni | Obv., within double square, 602 7 Ghazni 603 In segments, outside square, 3 1 ^^b a)>-,j 1 J^jl i^^l >«> Rev., within double square, In segments outside square, Pl. I. iV 1-35, Wt. 322 Same : but rev. margin ends a<>U ww^ >i^ ^^ I j>v--' l5^ '^^ and obv. margin is nearly complete to <*J.^ (Th. 20.) N 105, Wt. 89 MUHAMMAD IBN SAM. No. 8 JE 10, 11 12— 16 Mint : Date, Ghazni 604 [Sind. Th.] [Dehli. Th.l Same : but rev. margin, and obv. margin differently distributed. iV 1-35, Wt. 146 The last two coins were probably issued by Yildiz, as Muhammad ibn Sam died in 602. Cf. no. 20. COPPER. Obv. Chohan Horseman to right; on hf.rse's quarter v around, ^^ '^ntrt Sri Hammirah. Horseman to left with lance at charge. Chohan Horseman as 9, same inscription, but characters of quite a different style. Rev. Pi. I. (Th. 5.) M -6 Same. Pr,. I. (Th. 6.) M -6 JS. -6 The Bull Nandi to left, re- cumbent : on Jhul 1^ ; on side ( . Sri Mahamad Same. PL. I. (Th. 10.) vE -6 M 6 M 'oo M -6 (no sign on side) M '&o 10 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. No. 17— 19 Mint; Date. 20 21 Obv. Similar: but horseman debased, and inscription scarcely traceable. JRev. Similar : but bull debased ; inscription in straight line above, ^ ^^^^^ ^ . . Pl. I. (Th. 11.) M -6 JE, -65 M -65 ISSUES OF TAJ-AD-DIN YILDIZ. Ghazni [60]3or6 Ghazni ? 610 SILVEE.* Obv. Area, within double square, similar to 6. Margin, in segments outside, 3 ^ • • I • • • L5^ ^> 1 Rev. Area, within double square, similar to 6. Margin, in segments outside, L]j jJI «.U I o'^yc^ ejufi IJjk wJj^ M r2, Wt. 103 Obv. Area, as 6. Margin, in segments, Aj\^,XmI^ yiS- I . . . . ^^ I i jo^ I Rev. Area, within double square, >— *-^t Margin, in segments. Pl. I. (Th. 23.) M 115, Wt. 101 Cf. nos. 7 and ft. TAJ-AD-DiN TILDIZ. 11 COPPER. Mint: Date Obv. Bull Nandi to left, standing. Above, debased Hindi cha- racters. Chohan Horseman to right.* Beneath horse, a star. Rev. LJjJI }JL<, u— i>-"j ojuc JJ^ over ^ , star. jK '6 Pl. I. jE "55 ^^ ^ ^ ^ \ Jiu ^JI Traces of ^ \^\i^ much jjiXj ...JaJI ^\ debased. ^Lk-X.-JI PL. I. (Th. U.) M '65 ^ -6 M -6 OllaA-J« dJk-C >]*.«^^N)I JA^JI ^[«JI jJlj LJJ.JI 3 UjJI ^[U c>i JJi-L; v>!JJ' JS. -65 iE .iJUUJI jjkJt 9.U iE -6 * The Chohan Horseman is always to right, the Bull Nandi to left. 12 THE SULTInS of DEHLJ. Mint : Date. [Ivaiiauj] [Kanauj] [Kanauj] KANAUJ ISSUE. GOLD. Olv. The Goddess Lakshmi seated facing. Similar. Similar. Rev. ^ *t[^ Sri Maha. T^ ^«T mad vene '^\^ Sam. iV -85, Wt. 66 ^ ^^^ Sri Mahama- ^ ^"R d Scirn. Pl. I. J7 -6, Wt. 65 ^"^ ^ Sri Ba. W\X Hf[»? miraMahama- .A?" -6, Wt. 65 Jf G, Wt. 66 lll.-ARAM SHAH. A.H. 607. COPPER. Ohv. Cholian Horseman, degraded. Rev. Pl. II JE. -6 ALTAMSH. 13 IV.-SHAMS-AD-DIN ALTAMSH. A.H. 607—633. Mint : Date. 6xa; SILVER. Obv., within double square enclosed in circle, In each segment, three dots. Rev. (as obv.) ji\-A*^\ ju^ ^ In each segment, three dots. The first I of ^eU^lt written very small and joined to the J . Traces of marginal inscription outside circle. (Th. xxviii.) .51 l"], Wt.l63 Obv. Area, within circle, aJUI "n)! a )1 •^) dJUb j.'H ' Tu.Q )\ (The lam of the a) I and alif of aJUI connected by an arch.) Margin, a^IoJ:«j 'I I«iA w>o Rev. Area, within double square, ^ W g^jl O' ^ — ^ '' Margin, in segments, illegible (or ornaments, Th.). PL. II. (Th. ixs.) A 115, Wt. 164 14 M No. 37 Mint: Date. 63a; THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. Obv. Area, within double square, enclosed in circle, In each segment, three dots. Margin, i-iiJl \Stt> w>«3 Rev. Area as 36, but omitting ^J^^\ j^\ j«eli In each segments, three dots. Margin, ajU^w^ ^>{wUj *-->^ Pl. II. (Th. 31.) JR 1-15, Wt. 169 ALTA.MSH. 15 M No. Mint: Date. 38— [Dehli 42 Th.] COPPER. Obv. Chohan Horseman. Around, W^ "^WtX.: Sri Hamirah Rev. Bull Naudi. Around, ^fT:'cTT!I ^ ^H^^^TU Suritan Sri Samasadin 38, Jhvl M. side I 1 Pl. II. R -6 39, „ F „ 1 1 ^■55 40,41, „ ? (Th. 42.) M-6 M -65 42, ni <:i M -6 M 43— 45 46, 47 [Narwar.] [Rantam- bhor ? Th.] Samvat 1283 LH.[62]3 BASE SILVER. (Struck by Chohdr Deva of Narwar.) Chohan Horseman. Around, ^^ ^T^^ ^ Sri Chdhada Deva ^]^ TC^ld Sri Sultd(na) f^fwffffT Lititimi ftr ^ \^\\,\si Sam 1283 Date, 46, 12.. 47, 1283 Ball Nandi. Around, Asdvari Sri Samasorala Deva Jhul W) , side i Pl. II. (Th. 40.) M -65, Wt. 52 M -6, Wt. 51 I. O. C. M -6, Wt. 52 COPPER. Within circle, Around 46, „ 47, w)^«0 (Th. 44.) M -6 Pl. it. M -65 16 THE STJLTAnS of DEHLT. Mint : Date. 48— 50 Obv. Chohan Horseman. Around, ^ Sri Sri IIa{niiraJi) Multtin. Dehli. Within square, enclosed in circle, J^ laJLJt Within octagram, enclosed in circle, Same. Dehli. Within circle, OLk_JUI Rev. Pl. II. (Th. 48.) M -6 Pl. II. M -55 ^ -6 Within hexagram, enclosed in circle, Pr, II. (Th. 49.) .V. -65 Within octagram, enclosed in circle, (Th. 53.) ^ -55 Within circle, L5' J_A^ FfR6z I. 17 No. Mint: Date. 60 Obv. Within hexagram, Jj^ft Within circle, J^xc Within zigzag border, Traces of Hindi inscription. Within hexagram, ^IJaXw Bev. Within hexagram, jj^^*^' (Th. 52.) ^ oS iE-55 Within circle, ^,^^0^ Above, ornament. (Th. 55.) ^ "5 Within zigzag border. Same. (Th. 51.) JE -5 Within hexagram, u ^>»*^>< 01 V.-RUKN-AD-DIN FIROZ SHAH I. A.H. 633—631. C P P E E. Choiian Horseman ; traces of usual Hindi inscription {'%). Bull Nandi : on JInd J) , on side i 1 1 Above, ^opTji ^"tlU Rukana din Vh. n. (Th. 89.) M -6 D THE SULTAks of DEHLI. VI.- R izTyah. A.H. 634—637. No. Mint: Date SILVEE. G2 Lakhnauti (Gaur). Obv. Area, within double-square enclosed in circle, O !« ••><^' In each segment, dot. IVTarcrin . . , . , , , a-„. 7ri ^Cli f rt.nalt *■ •^*-*'* Q ■ »*^ • • ••• *•••■•• ••••••• <^MibV . ^^ a^^^w <^wfa*iW r • • • • • Rev. ^C^)! O^J^-J' ^>jj.Jt3 UJ>n a !^)La. OUaJUl ,^A«^)I cujI aJCJU jj^-j^^^l ji^l Sji-tfu Pl. II. (Th. 90.) .aill, Wt. 165 COPPER. M Obv. Rev. 63, Choluin Horseman, and ^^jUaJL^t 64 Sri Samtrah ^-^j ^ Pl. II. (Th. 91.) K 6 M -es JE bahbAm. 19 No. Mint: Date. Obv. Bev. 65, 66 Chohan Horseman, and Sri Sannrah OUaJUt A-, -55 PL. II. m -55 67 [Dehli] VII-MU'IZZ-AD-DIN BAHRAM-SHAH. A.H. 637—639. S 1 L V E K. Obv. Area, within double square enclosed in circle, JiA.«t J.»gl." TimqU tV) ^ ' ■* T ' * In each segment, three dots. Margin, 4JC~Jt IJ^A) w^^;.«s> Rev. Area (as obv.), ^^I n -g^)! ^LJa-L-ll In segments, 0•t^--« I ^^ I ^i^*' 1 J'^^ Margin, ajIo.*«j3 ^j-JJJj oU^ ^**>' ^r!/-^ Pl. II. (Tb.92.) M 1-15, Wt. 167 20 THE eULTANS OF DEHLI. M No. 68 Mint: Date. 69 70— 72 Ohv. Chohau Horseman. Above, (^UaXw ^ C O P P E K. Chohan Horseman. Illegible inscription. Chohan Horseman. Around, ^^ f j^^x : Sri Samirah Bev. Within square, enclosed in circle, In segments, loops. Pt. II. (Tb. 93-) M -6 Same. Pl. II. M Bull Nandi. Around, ^T^TO ^^'STiT^^* Suritdn Sri Muajadim on Jhul -\- , on side E (Th. 9Jl.) iE -6 Pt. II. iE -6 JE -55 mas'Cd. 2] VIM. -'ALA-AD-DIN MAS'UD SHAH. A.H. 639— 6M. M No. 73 Mint: Date Dehli [639-40*; S ILVER. Obv. Area, within double square enclosed in circle, >*<' J itft'i i» III qI I In segments, . . . Margin (traces of) i<^^i '^j Rev. Area (as obv.), Margin obliterated. Pl. III. (Th. 97.) ^ 10, Wt. 168 * The Klialifah Al-Mustaneir died in a.b. 640. In segments, 22 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. M No. 74 75 76, 77 Mint: Date. 641 [6]i2 Same as 73 : but on obv. area ^„ y OJu....ioJ I instead of j»cuJi~^l Obv, and rev. margins, *r^/'^ (Th. 98.) .51 1-05. Wt. 169 Same as 74 : but obv. margin ^^ O-si^ij' Lx*^' Rev. margin obliterated. M 105, wt. 167 Similar to 74. Mint and date obliterated. M 1-05, Wt. 163 M 105, Wt. 168 No. Mint: Date. 84 MAS I'D. i:.5 COPPER. Obv. Rev. Chohan Horseman. Above, oli i3.x-..« (Th. 99.) M -65 ^ -6 X. -65 Same. ^jJlj LijJt (Blundered.) Pl. m. (Th. 102.) .^E -6 Choban Horseman. Ol— Ja-U[)l Above, H^ . . . . Sri ^^ .l-«*s)l j^.^ ^ 9 Rev. Area (as obv.), ^ la &^\ o^-^-J-J' Apparently no margins. Pl. Iir. (Th. 60.*) /H 1-1, Wt. 161 * See the Chronicles of the Pathan kings of Dehli for Mr. Thomas's reasons for ascribing this coin to an older brother of Mahmood, who died in G26. I am rather inclined to believe that the occurrence of Al-Mustansir's name is merely another instance of the nse of an old obverse, of which many examples could be quoted. See Tntrodnction. M No. 86 MAHMtrD I. 25 Mint: Date Dehli 654 Delill 655 Dehll 657 Dehll 658 DehJi 660 Obv. Area (as 85), In top and bottom segments, an annulet. Margin, ajjl iiw ^ ,^^i 0>-aa,o i-oiJI ojjk w>>-^ Rev. Area same as 85; but omitting oli, and substituting yjj\ for ^_jJ. In top and bottom segments, annulet ; in right and left, ... Margin as obv. margin, but partly obliterated. (Th. 106.) M 1C5, Wt. 165 Same as 86 : but date _5 ^J^*,».^^ l,,^-fr«^ on both margins. PL. III. (Th. 106.) M 1-1, wt. 166 Same : but date a.>Io-^^ C>-****<^ /*"^^ (Th.l06.) -51 1-05, Wt. 166 M 105, Wt. 168 Same : but date ajIo--«'3 Ot--^'^ O^ (Th. 106.) M 1-05, Wt. iro Same : but date 2j[.^2^^ (Th. 106.) .51 10, Wt 169 E 26 !Mlnt: Date Dehli 662 Dehli 664 THE SULtAnS of DEHLf. Same : but date itl^Iw^ O'**-'^ lX*^' (j>j vice ^JJ\) (Th. 106.) M 1-05, Wt. 167 Same: but date itL^Iw^ (J-jwj «.jjl (^^ wee ^1) (Th.106.) M 1-05, Wt. 167 Similar : Mint and date obliterated. .ai 1-15, wt. 167 M 1-1, Wt. 169 COPPER. Obv. Chohan Horseman : Above, [ij^a*-* In front, ^^ ^jft[T: Sri IIami[_rah] Same. Mev. (Th. 107.) iE -6 Pl. ni. M -6 M -6 Same, but arranged O' ia~JU[t PL. m. ^ BALBAX. 27 No. Mint : Date 100 Dehli 672 101 102 X.-GH lYAS-AD-DIN BALBAN. A.H. 664—686. GOLD. Dehli 675 Dehli 678 Obv. Area, within circle, Margin, ^>*J| iiw ^^ ^^Xa^ O^-aa^ aJUI «Jjk ^^ Rev. Area, within circle, OUaJLJI Margin same as obv., partly obliterated. PL. III. (Cf. Th. 111.) .A^ 115, Wt. 169 Same : but date ajL^wj ^j-jtw^j sj>>.i^ Kev. margin nearly' illegible. N 11, Wt. 168 Same : but date ajLo.Iw3 O-ta-.^^ ^1^5 on both margins. iV 1-05, Wt. 169 28 THE SULTAnS of DEHLf. Mint : Date Dehli 664 Dehli 664 Debli (iQ6 SILVER. Obv. Area, within double square, enclosed in circle, Annulet in top and bottom segments. Margin, ajjl i*-^3 u-o-*- o" both margins. (Th. lU'.) Ji 1 15, wt. 109 BALBAN. 29 Mint: Date. Dehli 667 Dehli 669 Dehli 673 Dehli 674 Dehh' Same : without , . ; date 3^1^^ 0^3 ^'J-^ <^" ^^^- ^^J"?'"- Kev. margin obliterated. (Th. 112.) M 1-1, Wt. 167 Same as 103 : date \_3u\^']^^ v>^3 ^*^ o^ ^o^^ margins. (Th. 112.) .51 1-1, Wt. 167 M 115, Wt- 166 Same : without , . ; date A; 1.0^3 0^*t«^3 ^'^ on both margins. (Th. 112.) M 115, Wt. 168 Same : without , , ; date i)loJLw3 O'i*^^ ^^'j' ^'^ ^^^- "^^^gi"- Kev. margin obliterated. (Th. 112.) M 1-15, Wt. 165 Similar to 103 : dates illegible. M 1-1, Wt. 165 M 1-1, wt. 169 M 1-1, Wt 167 30 M No. 115 118 Mint; Date 119, 120 121, 122 THE SULTAKS of DEHLI. C P P E E. Obv. In centre, within circle, ^j^^ Around, ^^: ^fTT Trmjcf*^" Srih Suit dm Gydsudim. \ L 1L-.H ^-N)! Dehli J. JU Bev. Within double square, PL. III. (Th. 113.) M -65 ^ -65 JE, -65 .iE '65 PL. lU. (Th. lU.) ^ -65 M -5 (Th. 115.) /E -5 Pl. m. lE. -55 KAI-KUBAD. 31 XI.-MU'IZZ-AD-DIN KAI-KUBAD. A.H. 686—689. No. 123 Mint: Date. Dehli 687 GOLD. Obv. Area, within circle, Margin, «-- [iUw ^ ^.j^ji C^j-asw-j iS^-JI «^ w>i> Rev. Area, within circle, Margin, traces, as obv. PL. III. iV 1-1, Wt. 169 32 THE SULtAnS of DEHLI. JR No. 124, 125 126 127 128 Mint: Date. Dehli 686 Dehli 687 Dehli 688 Dehli SILVER. Same: but areas enclosed in double square within circle, and obv. margin C>m>» 2j^ ^ i^^i " **»-* V>«^ Rev. margin obliterated. M 1-2, Wt. 167 .51 125, wt. 166 Same : date Sui^^^^ 0^^3 ^'•^ ^^ both margins, but traces on rev. only. (Th. 116.) M 1-2, Wt. 168 Same : date 5jlcl«rf^ C>^^3 O^ °^^ °^^* iiiargin. Rev. margin obliterated. (Th. 116.) M 1-2, Wt. 162 Similar, but d-oaJt : date obliterated on both sides. M 1-2, Wt. 165 kai-kubAd. 33 C P P E E. No. 129, 130 Mint: Date. 131- 133 134, 135 136 Dehli 137 Obv. Sri Sultdm Muijudim. OUftJUl Within ornamented borders, LJjJI J. Jj^ Rev. Within border, Pl. ni. (Th. 117.) M -75 .^ -65 Pl. in. (Th. 118.) M -7 ^ -65 ^ -65 iE -6 Pl. III. M -65 (Th. 9.) .^ •55 [c5] ( 34 ) SECOND DYNASTY. XII.-JALAL-AD-DIN FIROZ M. A.H. 689—695. N , No. Mint : Date 138 Dehli 695 GOLD. i Obv. Area, within circle, ^UNll Margin, ^;-»<^ ^ »^'^> oj^olo^ ibC-JI djjb >^j^ Rev. OUaJU[t] Pl. IV. (Th. 120.) iV 10, Wt. 166 FIE(5Z II. 35 M No. 139 Mint : Date, [Dehli] 68 [9] 140. ' Dehli 141 690 142 Dehli 691 143 Dehli 693 SILVER. Obv. Area, within double square enclosed in circle (annulets in top and bottom segments), Mai'gin, 5jL»I-»3 C>i'^3 Rev. Area as 138, but within double square : margin obliterated. (Th.im.) m. 1-15, Wt. 1G7 Same: but o^a-5 iw ^9 ^A>i ^j^as^ [i-aA]JI 6J> *->-» i>lo^j on obv. margin ; rev. margin obliterated. (Th. 121.) M 1-15, Wt. 165 (Hinged.) IB. 115 Same : but date aj^L/j O-s^uJ^ jj.^o.1 on obv. margin ; traces on rev. margin. Ft. IV. (Th. 121.) .51 1-15, Wt. 16S Same : but >-w«l in last line of obv. (as 138) : and date ajLoI-/_3 ^>*a— Jj w^ on obv. margin. Rev. margin obliterated, and S^-i*. with 5.* (Th. 121.) S. 1-15, wt. 1P9 Generally so spelt henceforward. 36 THE SULTAns op DEULi'. M No. 14i 145 14G- 148 Mint : Date. Dehll 694 Dehli 695 149- 151 152, 152a Dehll Same as 143 : but date 3 jJ^aju^jj «jjI on obv. margin. Rev. margin obliterated. (Th. 121.) M 1-2, Wt. 1G9 Same : but date aj[^Z,^^ ^j.**^Jj ijto-o-^ on obv. margin. Rev. margin obliterated. (Th. 121.) M 1-1. wt. 169 COPPER. Obv. Bev. N)l J^ k-JLJI J3>ir^ JJI J^)^ y^ Around, ^^: ^ffj 5T(5'1^^7 Si'i/i Sultdm Jaldludim PL. IV. (Th. 122.) m -65 M -7 O^JaJ^~JI JuJI J%^ ^.^^Ji-c-sjl (j-j^Jlj UJ (Th. 123.) Pl. IV. .^ -65 .a; -6.5 M -75 Within octagram, Within octagram, J^ Oj-Oa-J dlw j^Jf^ (Th. 121.) ^ -6 M -6 IBEAniM I. 37 XIII.-RUKN-AD-DIN IBRAHIM SHAH I. A.H. 695. M No. 153 Mint: Date. Dehli 695 SILVER. Obv. Area, within double square, ^oJic^'N)! O' ^ ^' Margin obliterated. Rev. Area, within circle, Margin, ,.,-«^ a^ ^9 ^^^ '^J^^=>^ ^-^' *^ ^J-^ PL. rV. (Th. 126.) ai 1-25, Wt. 1C6 8S THE SULTANS OF DEHLI. Mint: Date Dehli 698 COPPER. Obv. Eev. '^\ ol-^>-JL.Jl «lw j^.ffJb\jmj\ •^1 o-^j>»^* o\i> J5>*9 Cyi ^;,-jjJI^ L»J PL. rV. (Th. 127.) JE '7 JE '6 Jjs. J3Ji^ CH dU, ^Al/Jt (Th. 129.) ^ -6 XIV.-'ALA-AD-DIN MUHAMMAD SHAH I A.H. 695—715. GOLD. Obv. vffJi-t'^' O^-Ja ^1 Rev. Area, within circle, Margin, jWj [a.^*- j^s ^Xa]^ 5^-aa-J i^^l d>A w>i) Pl. IV. A' liT), Wl. 17u MUHAMMAD I. 39 No. 158 159 IGO 161 162, 168 Mint: Date. Dehli 704 Ddr-al- I slain. [Dehli] 708 Dehli 710 Same : date iil^juw^ *jjI (Th. 130.) N rO, Wt. 170 Same : but margin Same : but ajIoAw^ j-i.c ii-* ^ \,^> S^-osw.,! 7X5 Same : date SjIoJlwj 164, 165 Dehli 695 iV 1-0, Wt. 169 iV 1-05, Wt. 167 iV -95, Wt. 164 Same area inscriptions, but both enclosed in double squares within circles ; annulet in each segment. Margins obliterated. jr -9, Wt. 169 (Th. 131.) ^ "So, Wt. 165 SILVER. Same area inscriptions, both enclosed in double squares within circles ; annulet in each segment. Rev. margin, t^«a. 3j^ ^ ^J^^ S^-o^tI i-iiJI e^ w>« PL. IV. (Th. 132.) M 11, Wt. 169 M 11, Wt. 171 40 JR No. 16G 167 168 169 170, 171 172 173 174 175, 176 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. Mint: Date. 697* 699 703 Dehli 705 710 Dehll 711 Dcir-al- Isldm. (Dehli) 711 Dehli 712 Dehli 713 Same : but ajL^Iw^ ij>****^i ^^ ** M l-]5, Wt. 169 Same : but ^^a-^Jj a-J 5-w ^s . . . (Th. 132.) m, V\, Wt. 166 Same : but djLoJUwj .^^jU aX.. (Th. 132.) M 1-0, Wt. 169 Same : but 4jV«aaw3 (,,/*«^ **->' \^ \^^^ Same : but a,i\^su^^ j^fr ii«< (Th. 132.) M I'O, Wt. 171 (Th. 132.) M 1-0, Wt. 166 m. 1-0, Wt. 168 Same: but ajIoJuw^ j-ift t^J^^I a^ ^_^ i_5^^ * (Th. 132.) M 105, Wt. 167 Same : but ajlo**-'^ >^ (^J^*-' ^^ i_5^ >e*iU»'^)l ^\j^ M I'O, wt. 170 Same : but iUloJu-*^ ji^ (^^1 Aiw ^9 t^^-* *>*=^**^ (Th. 132.) S^ 1-1, Wt. 170 Same : but ^L^xwj y!^ ^*^ (Th. 132.) .41 105, Wt. 163 M r05, Wt. 167 * Although tho namo of tho mint is oblitoratod. we arc .safe in a.scribing these coins (noa. IGG— U;8, 170, 171) to Dehli. MUHAMMAD I. 41 M No. 177 178, 179 Mint: Date. Dcir-al- Isldm (Dehli) [7]13 Dehli 714 180 Dehli 715 181 Dehli xxQ M 182 700 183- 185 701 186 702 187 704 Same: but jJLa •^'^ 2j^ j^ ^o'^J.w'^l j1>j (Th. 133.) M 10, Wt. 170 Same: but : C ,1)1 Margin, j-^ si-.«( Aiw ^ \^j^i Sj^a^ a^aJI djjb ^j^ Pl. IV. (Th. im. M rOo, Wt. 169 M r05, Wt. 169 Dehli 717 Same: but (Th. 143.) M 1-05, Wt. 170 Ddr-al- Midk. (Debli) 717 Obv. JA ■ f.'s)! .NJI Rev. Area, within circle, Margin, j-i^c »-•«» 4.w ^s ^LoJI jl^ g^^,a» j 4^cuJI «Jjh w>^ (Th. 146.) ^ lOo, Wt. 16S iK, 1-1, Wt. 169 46 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. Mint: Date. 71G COPPER. A. Ohv. - Rev. •s)l J^ U ,tJI J.SL..)a q.II ^^1 JkM w^JaS ^^gHoS- ol .^, ,i)jl * 0-i«>-J'3 ^i-^ (Th. 147.) ^-55 B. 716 717 jLi^,L OUaJLJI Pl. IV. (Th. 148.) yE -7 V I V }) (Th. 149.) ^ -65 c. 717 219, 719 220 V 1 V o^jJt^ V I ^ ■Ifto-ll ^ol (Th. 119.) M -65 ^ -65 (Th. M't.) /E -65 yE -7 mubAeak shah I. 47 No. 221, 222 Mint: Date. 717 223, 224 D. Ohv. V 1 V J'ft-t^o^l >:•' Sev. (Th. 150.) ^ 7 ^ -7 omittinor last line and date. .«; -7 iE -7 SQUARE. F. 225, 718 Within square, 4U.^jUo 226 Outside, V \ A 0^^»^' (Th. 151.) jE-6 PL. IV. ^ -6 227 710 )> (Th. 151.) JE -6 228 720 f) (Th. 151.) M -55 48 M No. 229, 230- 232 232a 233, 234 Mint: Date 719 720 Ddr-al- KJiildfaTi (Dehli) THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. Olv, .*':^i ^^)\ H. Rev. 4jiJt AjuXi V . ft ^JUxLJI jJjI JE-6 (Th. 152.) M -6 M-7 (Th. 153.) M -55 (Th. 154.) ^ -45 M '46 KHUSEt^'. 49 Nc. Mint: Date Dehli 720 720 XVII.-NASIR-AD-DIN KHUSRU SHAH. A.n. 720. GOLD. Obv., within double square, 1 A Ii^— .1 Rev. Area, within circle, Margin ^jjj-i.^ i-w j-s j^-*^^ 5j,rf i a».^ iiC—JI dJkA v>*^ Pl. IV. (C/. Th. 15o.) A'-QS, Wt. 161 COPPER. •^1 pl, h LJI LJjJt ^^U >oJ^ vr]' o o-i^-Jij In centre, within circle, Around, Pl. IV. (Th. 156.) JE 6 H ( .w ) Mint: Date, THIRD DYNASTY. XVI M.-GHfYAS-AD-DTN TAGHLAK SHAH I. A.n. 720—725. Dehli 720 GOLD. Obv. Area, within double square, J ° ^ ^^ ^t Rev. Area, an old obv. area of Muhammad's, same as 161. Margin illegible. (Th. 157.) iV 1"0, Wt. 173 Obv. Area, within double square, Rev. Area, within circle. Margin, ^j^c 4.w j^J ;„5^> [^]>^*-:f aC^^I a^A ^-i/-^ .i\" 10, Wt. 169 TAGHLAK I. 51 No. 239 240 241 Mint: Date. Dehli 722 Dehli 724 Dehli 726 Posthumous. 242 Same : but 5j1-oJJ-j.«(5 O^/^^^J ^J*^' Same : but %jj\ Obv. Area J^ -Oo, Wt. 170 (Th. 159.) iV -95, TIN' t. 168 Rev. Area, within circle, *(S) O'^^l oli.AJLiw Margin, Oir^3 *--*~' ^--«' •••■> [5]j-a». ^s a^LJI oJa wj^^ Pl. V. (Th. 158.) ^ -9, Wt. 170 Obv. Area, Uj )l 01 jc Rev. Area, within circle, Margin illegible. .A'' -So, Wt. 161 * Mr. Thomas has read the letters foUowing sl^Ulii as a date, v r r. Apart from the improbability of a date in ciphers upon a gold coin of this period, and the fact that a different date (72G) occurs in the marginal inscription, the letters themselves do not favour the supposition. ^ The supposed v is a, and I believe the whole word is a badly written ^ylU.:'. 52 THE SULTANS OF DEHLI. M No. 243 Mint: Date. De6gir 721 244 245 246 247 248 248a 721 Dehli 722 Dehli 723 Dehli 724 Dehli 725 SILVER. Areas as 238. Obv. margin, ^jt».t d^ _9 j^^i SudS-f ^«J) ojjb y^j*i Pi. V. (Th. 160.) .51 1-15, Wt. 170 Same : but mint (between dJC^l and i g Rev. Area, within circle, 263 Margin, CH/^3 ^^-^ ^-->' j^^i ojJas>^ j^!^' '-^A w^-^ Pt. V. (Th. 171.) N' -95, Wt. 199 Jf -95, Wt. 197 ^ -95, Wt. 198 SILVER. Dehli 725 Same : but ^J>»)' instead of jl^^l ; and (Th. 180.) M 10, Wt, 151 See no. 241, a posthumous coin of preceding Sultan. 56- THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. No. 264 Mint : Date. Dehli 727 265 729 B. GOLD. Obv. Area, within circle, ^)l a )l N) J )l Margin, o-iJ^3 ^f^ *^ ^ ^^> Sj-aa^ j^iJJI '-Wk Pl. v. (Th, 173.) ^ -7, Wt. 197 Eev. Area, Oi Rev. Area, Ju^.^1 > _ « ^' &«wj £Uw OW ^^^JjU (C/. Th. 179.) ^^ -75, Wt. 168 No. 2G6, 267 M 268, 269 270 271 272 Mint : Date. 733 728 729 729 730 M 273 MUUAMMAD 1B>' TAOnLAK. Sae as 265 : but date and ^ in line with jt^o^*^ 57 ^ -75, Wt. 169 Jf -8, Wt. 169 SILVER. Same : but «uC»»*wj ^j«i^^ jJWj ii-j Same : but Same : but Same : but ,J-^ (Th. 182.) M 75, Wt. 139 51 -75, Wt, 140 (Th. 182.) M -7, Wt. 140 M -75, Wt. 110 (Th. 182.) M -75, Wt. 137 COPPER. Same as 266: year uncertain. M 'lo THE SULTAnS of DELHI. Mint: Date. Satgaon 730 D. SILVER. Obv. Area, within circle, Margin, L»ft?">3 C>i*J-' ^^ ^^^ ^^lki«^ aX«JI «jjb w>>«0 Rev. Area, jjC^ ^t (Th. 184.) M -95, Wt. 169 Same : but obv. margin illegible, and jLo>a^'« removed to middle line of rev. M -95, Wt. 1G9 MUHAMMAD IBN TAOHLAK. 59 Mint : Date. DehU 736 E. GOLD. Obv. Area, aJJI^ Rev. Area, within circle, Margin, SjLoJtw^ ^^J.JXi^ w>««i a^ ^_5^^ oj ^s ^j [Th. 176.) iV -7, Wt. 171 iV -75, Wt. 168 SMALL COPPER. F. Obi'. Bev. vrco (Tb. ion.) M ■'B -E -6 60 No. 2S0 Mint: Date. 726 281 727 THE SULTAnS of DELHI. Obv. Q. Rev. --* ol,>t.«.Uj (Peculiar ligature in oLi) (Th. 189.) ^ -6 Pl. V. (Th. 189.) ^ '55 282, 283 727 )Ua~JI o-*j ^ O-J *X<-s^^ Ji''»JI ^.•V^JIam/o (Th. 192.) ^ -5 .E -55 284- 286 732 I. i^r^ijJi a*c vrr (Th. 193.) •6 65 •6 MrnAMMAD IBS TAGHLAK. 61 No. Mint: Date. 287 732 288 733 289 290 291- 294 734 735 733 Obv. Same as 284. Rev. Same as 284 : but date reversed, v**n K. M but vrr (Th. 193.) M •& (Th. 193.) M -6 (Th. 193.) M -65 (Th. 19J,.) -E -C ^ -6 PL. V. M -6 M -6 295, 296 734 but JUjI (Th. 194.) ^ -6 M -6 62 THE STJLTAnS of DEHLI. M No. 297, 297a 298 299 Mint: Date, 735 737 734? Obv. Same, Same. Bev. Same: but but (Th. 194.) M -6 M -6 (Th. 194.) M -55 L. In centre, within double circle, JUu Margin, (^) ..[j]^^^^- M -56 MUnAMMAD IBN TAGHLAK. 63 No. ilint : Date, 300- 303 Dehli 731 304, 305 FORCED CURRENCY. COPPER A2fD BRASS. M. Obv. Area, within circle, s\ L UJt u>— »- .^1 Margin,* ^iki ^yi jkt OA tbjj JL» ,^jXAi d^ C^aJ ji Rev. Area, (Th. 195.) ^ Pl. V. ^ (Blundered.) M Same : omitting «l^ c M -8 ^ 76 * The cj of Juua t is unifoiiuly omitted. 64 THE SULtAnS of DEHLI. JE No. 305a 305 ^* 305 c 305(Z 306 307, 308 Mint: Date, Dar al- Islam (Dehli) Agrah, 730? Taghlak pur 730 Satgaon 731 Daulat- abad 732? Same as 304. Margin, .... jk«aiA ^j JL» ji'^^*^\ jt> j^ Same. Margin, (^) ^^ jl-oaa jJ JL> j^v^ *>^' j3 ^ -8 .a; 75 Same. Margin, ^^i Jlciaa ^ JL; ••• jy,J^>/«a^ ji N. 50-Kdm Piece. Obv. Area as on 300. Margin, (S) _5i ^y-» j „a »A> j.i JI-j >^lcJ_5i «o wo.J Rev. Area as 300, but second line, instead of ^ -8 Same : date illegible. (Th. 190.) Brass. "8 Brass. 75 JE -as MUHAMMAD IBN TAGHLAK. 65 JE No. 309, 310 Mint: Date. 730 t Obv. ■AMUtaJI vTo Rev. J i. (Th. 197.) JE. 75 M -75 311, 312 730 313 314 .^}\ vro 730 omitting 1 after second ^»*i9i , and putting j^ in line with y*,L^ ^ -6 yE -55 ^ 7 s. Within double circle, Around, )S>'?A Mohamad PL. V. (Th. 201.*) ^ * Whore iXl i.s erroneously read S-Ci MUHAMMAD IBN TAGIILAK. 67 JE No. 319 Mint: Date. Ddr-al- Isldm (Dehli) 730 320, 321 Dehli 730 322 Dehli 730 323 Obv. yr^J^ It w>-^ ditFerently divided. Rev. ji^} »'^)t jtju-j (Th. 202.) M -eo Pl. V. (Th. 203.) ^ "Oo .a: "OS but JULoJt j'-XJ t'*ce S^'a*"^. and differently d.vided. (Th. 202.) M V. -Kdni Piece. (Th. 205.) £• 55 68 M No. Mint: Date. THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. 324 Dehli Obv. (sic) * *• Rev. ^ -6 325, 326 732 Within circle, Around, 33 ^^ jucmA jj JL» PL. V. (Th. 208.) M -6 M -6 327 aJUI JJi z. (Th. 209.) .(E -6 MUHAMMAD IBN TAGHLAK. 69 No. Mint : Date. N 328 Dehli 741 329 330 331 Dehli 741 COINS STRUCK IN THE NAME OF THE 'ABBAST KHAUFAHS OF EGYPT. i.-al-mustakfT I I. A.H. 701—740. GOLD. Obv. Area, within quatrefoil, j\ — ; jjc^l tJu.A Rev. Area, ^U'n)I ^^jUjJI ^ PL. VI. (Th. 212.) iV -9, Wt. 170 Same: but ^jtoj, and Aij^lL^ Dehli Same as 328 : unit of date obscured by ornament. 74a; Dehli 743 jr -95, Wt. 171 AT -9, Wt. 166 Same : but O^ (Th. 212.) J/ -9, Wt. 170 70 M No. Mint: Date. THE SULTAnS of DEHLf. COP PEE. 332 333 743 Ohv. C5 ' a)l Rev. Within circle, Margin illegible. (Th. 215a.) ^ -75 Pl. VI. (Th. 311.) M -6 MUHAMMAD IBN TAGHLAK. 71 Mint: Date. II.-AL-H AKI M A.H. 741—753. 748 748 Obv. Within cinquefoil, GOLD. Rev. Within cinquefoil, ^\ 4_Jl It ('ni.213.) (I.O.C.) Pierced. Jf S.Vft. 170 (No cinquefoOs.) Pl. VI. Jf -So. Wt. 169 Within quatrefoil, .] Same as 33G. COPPER. Within quatrefoil, dJUt Small. at left, "5 f-' aJUI ^^Lf Same as 336. ^ -7 Tl. VI. ^ 7 .£ -66 < ^. ^ 7 ^ -5 ^ -5 72 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. No. Mint: Date. MAHMUD SHAH. IBN MUHAMMAD IBN TAGHLAK. {Pretender.) A.H. 752. N 342 Obv. Area, GOLD. Rev. Area, Pl. VI. iV -75, Wt. 169 Mint: Date. Ffndz in. XX.-FIROZ SHAH III, A.H. 752—790. 73 Obv. Area,* Rev. Area, GOLD. Pl. VI. (Th. 223.) ^ -8, Wt. 1G9 Obv. Area,t Rev. Area, « OjJLs. ^jUxLJ Pt. VI. (Th. 225.) ^ ■&, Wt. leo * The name of the khalifah Al-Hakim Abu-l-'Abbas Ahmad, combined with Firoz Shah's, probably hmits the date of this coin to 752-3. t Al-Mo'tadid was khalifah from 753 to 7G3. 74 THE STJLTAns or DEHLf. No. 3i5 Mint: Date Dehli 31G 347 (Dehli) 7xx 348 788 Obv. Area, within circle, vole's)! ^J^j ^ Margin, C>i—^»-S ••• **-» ^J^i Rev. as 344, but «*>; 4^«JI dJA C-*^^ Kev. as 345. (Cy. Th. 224.) iV -9, Wt. 170 Obv. Area, Rev. Area, L5- •A U I... ».■>— ^_^^^-«J[l VAA Pl. VI. (Th. 227.) -A' -75, Wt. 109 rfnoz III. 75 M No. 319 Mint : Date, Dehli 767 350 351 352 353 Dehli 770 Dehli 771 Dehli 772 Dehli 773 351 I Dehli 776 355 Dehli 777 COPPER. Ohv. VVo vv vvT vvT vvT VVV Bev. (Th. 228.) -E -75 (Tb. 228.) .E -7 (Th. 228.) M -7 (Th. 228.) M -1 PL. VI. (Th. 228.) ,E -7 (Th. 228.) M -75 (Th. 228.) & 76 THE SDLtAnS of DEHlI M No. 356 857 358, 'SoSa Mint: Date. Dehli 778 Dehli 780 Dehli 783 859 360 Dehli 784 Dehli 786 361 Dehli 787 Obv. Same as 349 VVA VAo vAr VA<}> Same as 349 but VA*1 Same as 359 but VAV Eev. Same as 349. (Th. 228.) M -7 (Th. 228.) ^ 75 (Th. 228.) JE -7 M -7 (Th. 228.) JE -75 (Th. 228.) M -7 (Cf. Th. 230.) M '7 * I.e. Al-Mutawakkil, a.h. 7(i3— 785. FfROZ III. 77 M No. 3G2 363 364 365 Mint: Date. Dehli 788 Dehli 789 Dehli 816 Dehli 817 366- 368 369, 370 Obv. Same as 359 : VAA Same as 349 but A n Bev. Same as 349. M "7 (POSTHUMOUS.) A(V (Th. 238.) JE 7 (Th.238.) M -7 Within sixfoil, \* SMALL SIZE. Within sixfoil, ^fli\ ^' PL. VI. (Th. 235.) ^ -55 M 6 M 5 dLi J3>*^ ^ UaJLw JLjk>.> JiJ fi — ^ (Th. 234.) .E '55 J3J- .E •« FfBOZ III. 79 WITH FATH KHAN. COPPER. Obv. dI]9^)La. .... Rev. J3J^ O^-*- Pl. VI. (Th. 240.) JE 7 last line?, Sfnall. Pl. VI. ^ -55 Dehli Larger. ^ 7 (Th. 242.) M 7 lower lines, J^c^ J^Up J[* ^ 75 80 THE SULTAnS of DEHLf. No. M 387 388 389, 390 Mint: Date, Dehli 791 Post- humous. WITH ZAFAR. COPPER. Ohv. v^i I 4JLit)^^.». ^ \ ^ '" ■ ^ •^^' {sic) . Ju». jJ^ i?eu J3> {Th. 247.) M 7 PL. VI. JS, -7 oU, ^3>^e — ' PL. VI. (Th. 248.) M -6 M -6 (Th. 219.) JR -55 M -5 TAGHLAK II. 81 No. Mint ; Date, 393 Dehli 790 394, 395 396, 397 Ddr-al' Mulk Dehli XXI. -GH I YAS-AD-D I N TAGHLAK SHAH I I. A.H. 790—791. COPPER. Obv. ^\ 4.a «.,LTw.[Ji V^ o aJL sM AJUt .< > — *i Pl. VII. (Th. 250.) .a: -7 w)«xX^ , JUaXw Pl. Vn. (Cf. Th. 252.) ^ -65 ^1 b JLw (Th. 254.) M -5 ^ -6 M 82 THE SULTAnS op DEHLI. No. Mint : Date XXII.-ABU-BAKR SHAH. A.H. 791—792. COPPER. JE 398 399, 400 401 791 792 793 402, 403 792 Obv. v^ r ^ w 51 i Eev. Pl. VII. (Th. 255.) M 7 (Th. 255.) M -75 .a; -65 (Th. 255.) M 7 Within square, Around, Pl. VII. (Th. 257.) iE 7 ^ 7 abO-bake. 83 No. 404 Mint: Date. 405 792 Obv. Same as 402. .Bey. Within circle, Margin, dU;j3j.*9 (Th. 258.) iE -75 JUaJL; (Th. 259.) .. j^UaJLw Pl. VU. (Th. 260.) ^ -5 ^ -55 olw j^^ ^[} ^ -6 ^ -6 84 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. No. Mint : Date JE 410 411, 412 413, 414 415 Dehli 790 790 793 794 XXIII.-MUHAMMAD SHAH III. IBN FIROZ. A,H. 792—798. COPPER. In centre, Ohv. aX )l »i Around, yZ^yo cds'^^ OkXX^ v^ 9^)Ld» v'^r v]^l* Rev. PL. VII. (Th. 261.) M '85 (Th. 265.) ^ 75 ^ -75 (^UftJL. for jJUaJlw) (Th. 265.) yE 75 m 7 (^3UaX^.) (Th. 265.) .E MUHAMMAD III. 85 No. 416 Min : Date. Dehli 793 417 418 794 419 420, 420a Ddr-al- MulTc Dehli 793 Dehli 794 Ohv. v]^F Within circle, Around, Jjk^ ^JoCU^ C^J^ PL. VII. (Th. 266.) M -7 Mint obliterated. ^ -7 PL. VII. (Th. 267.) JE. -55 (Th. 267.) ^ '55 (Th. 269?) iE -55 ^ '55 86 JR No. Mint: Date 421 817 Obv. Area, THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. POSTHUMOUS COINS. SILVER. (sic) V 1 V Rev. Area, yo^*^[}'\ O^ — ^ *--" Pl. Vn. (Th. 270.) M -0, Wt. 174 422 818 Same : but AJ | A (Th. 270.) .21 'SS, wt. 173 423 Same : but date obliterated. M -9, wt. 174 SIKANDAR I. 87 No. Mint: Date. JE 424 795 425, 426 Dehli 795 427, 428 Ddr-al- Mulk Dehli 795 429, 430 XXIV.-S I KANDAR SHAH I A.H. 795. C P P E E. Obv. Rev. (Th. 272.) ^ 7 In centre, ]«x^,^ Around, PL. Vn. (Th. 273.) ^ -65 ^ -05 d W jJk.tXw Pl. vn. (Th. 274.) ^ -6 JE -6 C5 l__Jft-_JU ^JJ dl.^ jjk[.iC«» ^ -55 ^ -5 88 THE SULTANS OF DEHLI. Mint : Date. XXV.-MAHMUD SHAH II, A.H. 795—815. ao L D. Obv. Traces of date beneath. Rev. Pl. VII. (Th. 276.) A^ -8, Wt. 171 SILVER. Traces of date beneath. but jJt>U^I^1 M -9. wt. 173 M -9, Wt. 173 795 COPPER. Pl. VII. (Th. 2/7.) iE 7 maiimi!jd II. 89 JE Mint : Dat«. 435 436- 438 Ddr-aJ- Mulk Dehli 79x 439 800 440 801 Ohv. - * : L.a^)» Aoo Small. Rev. Same as 434. (Th. 279.) ^ '6 ,« -8 M -55 PL. VII. (Th. 280.^ .E -6 (Th. 280.) -iE -66 441 815 AlOJ .ac ■« 90 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. No. Mint: Date. M 442 443 444 445 Ddr-al~ Mulk Dehli 797 798 807 XXVI.-NASRAT SHAH. (^Interregnum. ) A.H. 797 jff. COPPER. Ohv. Rev. >i-i-«>«JI ^ilJaJU .1 A. ...or (Th. 282.) M -65 Small. v^ V V^A PL. VII. (Th. 284.) J& (Th. 284.) .a; -6 POSTHUMOUS.* AoV (Til. 285.) M -6 * See nos, 364, 365, 379— 381, for posthumous coins of Firuz III. of years 816, 817, and 825; and noB. 421— 423 for Bioiilar coins of Muham- mad III. of 817 and 818. ( 91 ) Mint : Date 446 (Dehli) 835 447 Dehli 83a; FOURTH DYNASTY, XXIX. -MUBARAK SHAH II. A.H. 824—837. COPPER. Ohv. ArtJ /\rix Rev. Within circle, Around, (Th. 288.) 2S. -8 Same centre : Around, ni <^iy^ ^JUxLw Pl. Wi.. M 92 THE STJLTInS of DEHLf. No. Mint: Date. 448 Ddr-al- Mulk Dehli 832 449 833 450 834 451 [8J34 452 835 453 836 454 837 455 (Dehli) Small. Ohv. Arr Arr Arr A]rf Arii Ari aTv wJ;i« fl 3>^ Pl. VII. (Th. 289.) M -65 (Th. 289.) M -6 (Th, 289.) M -6 ^ -65 (Th. 289.) M -6 (Th. 289.) M -6 (Th. 289.) ^ -6 0\ Z) ^jv_*- (Th. 290.) ^ -5 MUHAMMAD IV. 93 No. Mint: Date. iE 456 Dehli 843 457 458 „ [8]46 „ [8]48 459 XXX.-MUHAMMAD SHAH IV. IBN FARID. A.H. 837—847. COPPER. Ohv. yjt 4.Q . L-w.[)l f1 i PL. VII. (Th. 297.) M -7 Small. Ddr-al- ^X«3I jb Mulk Dehli ^ l-A> 853 Atr dlJt«>Jl ft ijj^ 1.1. . (Th. 300.) M -65 Pl. VII. (Th. 300.) .K -6 ( 97 ) No. Mint: Date. 473 Dehli 858 474 859 475 860 FIFTH DYNASTY. XXXII.-BUHLOL LODI. A.H. 855-894. COPPER. Obv. Bev. Cy'j L^ J^ J^^JL^J -*^>^' j^' 0$^ o-o^-jJ' ^Vo. o]jJj». ^\ U I... .t *. a£a • Pl. VIU. (Th. 311.) ^ 7 a£^ Al° (Th. 311.) -E 7 (Tb, 311.) M 7 476 862 Air (Th. 311.) M 7 o 98 THE SULTAnS of DEHLf. No. 477 478 479 480 481 482 Mint: Date. Dehli 884 Dehli 890 877 888 889 890 Obv. Same as 473. APo A]VV ft AAA AA^ aV Rev. Same as 473. M '7 (Th. 311.) M -65 Within circle, Jj Ki Around, ^UxUJI (Th. 315.) M -7 Margin illegible. M -7 Margin obliterated. JE, 7 BUHLOL L6Dr. 99 I No. I Mint: Date. 483 484 Dar-al- Mulk. Dehli 855 857 Small. 485 863 486 863? Ohv. JUU3I )\> v£v Air A-ir (=Air?) Eev. Pl. VIII. (Th. 313.) M -65 M -5 (Th. 313.) JE -6 M -6 487 867 aIv (Th. 313.) ^ -6 488 868 aIa (Th. 313.) M -55 489 873 Avr (Th. 313.) M -6 490 877 AW (Th. 313.) JB -5 100 No. 491, 492 493 494 Mint: Date. Dehli Jaunpiir 888* [8]93 TUE sultAns of dehli. Ohv. 4_-i U.a.-J[l AAA A]^r Bev. Same as 483. Beneath, i<.^]a> ^jJAa».j (Th. 312.) M -55 .a: -55 Large. ^ -6 Small. Two uncertain letters beneath. ^ '6 * Date of final re-annexation of Jaunpur. 8IKA2TDAH II. LdDI. 101 No. Mint: Date. M 495 895 496 897 (or 6) 497 898 498 902 499 903 XXXIII.-SIKANDAR II. LOD A.n. 894—923. COPPER. Ohv. A<^V (orl?) n ^or Bev. (Th. 316.) M 7 .j-a^. , described by Th., p. 366. 102 THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. Mint: Date 90G 907 908 910 911 914 915 Ohv. Same as 495 ^v n ^OA ^|o ^11 \ i*p n 1 IE Rev. Same as 495 (Th. 316.) M 75 M -7 (Th. 316.) J& -7 (Th. 316.) M -7 505, with star, and joined : — (Th. 316.) M 75 M 75 No star or joining. (Th. 316.) M 75 (Th. 316.) J& 7 yE 7 (Th. 316.) M '8 -a; 75 No. 511 512 513 Mint: Date. 916 917 514 515 516, 517 918 919 Obv. Same as 495 ^ n n with star 8IKANDAE II. L(5dI. 103 JRev. Same as 495 : (Th. 316.) ^ -7 ^lA ^ n Ciphers obscure. No ciphers. Partly cut off. (Th. 316.) JE 7 (Th. 316.) M -75 Star over J of J^^j (Th. 316.) ^ -75 No star. ^ 75 Small. 0-o^> Pl. VII. (Th. 317.) ^ -65 & •65 104 THE SULTAnS of DEHLf. No. Mint : Date. 518 926 519 520 XXXIV.-IBRAHIM LODI. A.H. 923—937. CO PPE E Obv. date obliterated. date obscure. JRev. dv_— M> ii_* ■ ^ I nr (Of. Th. 320.) ^ -55 521- 523 926 (Thinner.) in M -5 ^ -6 (The inscriptions ou the preceding six coins are extremely fragmentary.) SHER ShAh. 105 Mint: Date. SIXTH DYNASTY. XXXV.-SHER SHAH. A.n. 946—952. SILVER. A. Single Square Borders. o{ a. With dU* j^ arranged j^*— . 946 Obv. Area, 4J.ll '^)t a !l ^ Margin, j^c | O^^ I >■«* I J^i ^i^ 946 Rev. Area, Margin, I. ^F1 4JLU aJJI S>'{ Ser Sdhi. (Th. 351.) .51 11, W'l. 175 Same : but without Hne above dli IB. V\, Wt. 176 106 M No. 526 Mint: Date Sharif- abad 946 527 Sharif- THE SULTAnS of DEHLI. Same: Khalifahs' names run in a retrograde direction, >^ ^M X^* I OU^ I L5^ Rev. Area, abad 947 528 948 529 949 530, 947 531 J ah an - pan ah (Dehli) Rev. Area, L aJUI jJLci. o^ i»J^' ^ 'PR ^^ Pl. VIII. (Th. 351.) M r05. Wk. 175 Same as 526: but date ^fV (Th. 351.) M 1-05. Wt. 176 Same as 524: but ^PA (Th. 351.) M I'l, Wt. 174 Same as 524: but ^f^ M 1-1, Wt. 172 dU, b. With o^-iaJUl ^-5- Obv., same as 524 : Margin oLjJly». | ^.^lioJI ^1 | ^jJlj | l*J«x)l •^j[^] (Cf. Th. 349u.) .ai l-l, Wt. 175 M 1-05 M No. 532 533 534 535 536 Mint : Date. Sher- garh ? 947 948 Sher- garh? 948 Shergarli 948 Jahan- panah (Dehli) 949 SH^E SHAh. Same: but mint obscure : [d'\j^[^]? Same as 530 : but date ^ f A On rev., ^ 107 M 105 M 1-15, Wt. 173 Same as 530 : but date ] f/^ and rev. margin, M 1-0, Wt. 171 Same as 530 : but mint oj^ja^ and date ^ ^A Obv. margin, O^-^ ijW*^ I [>•»]* J«**^ I \.J^ l5^1' ^**'*- Same as 530: but date ^f^ and rev. margin, On rev., ffi .51 1-15, Wt. 177 108 M No. 537 Mint: Date. As^rah 948 538 539, 540 541 £42, 543 Agrah 949 Gwalior 951 Gwalior 952 Sber- gadah THE PAtAn SULtAnS OF DEHLI. B. a. Within single Square Borders. Obv. Area, aJUI *i)l 4 )l ^) Margin, Rev. Area, .k I ^ ^TT ^^ Margin, Sri Sdr Sd/ia. Pl. Vni. (Cf. Th. 344.) M M, Wt. 175 Same : but '\f''\ sideways at left side of rev. aJLLa M 1-15, Wt. 175 Same : but ^ sideways at left side of rev. ; and j-"_ji *r>^ instead of 6j^\ Same as 539, but ', £ T (Th. 317.) M 1-1, Wt. 172 M 11 M ri Areas similar to 537 : but witliout date. Obv. margin, liev. margin, On rev., * JR 1-or,, Wt. 175 Al IM (540, 541 and 542 nad ^T.) SH^R SHAh. 109 M 54-4 Mint: Date. b. Within double Square Borders. Shei- I Obv. same as 537, but jX.^.I, and Ch!j^< cii O^^ (instead Rev. Area, 6^ Margin, '^ ]f A o/^ V>^ i >ii-^' ^' cH^' I 3 VP^' ^> PL. VIII. S, 105, Wt. 178 545, 546 547 Sher- garh 9]49 Same: but ^'^ KalfJi 949 On rev. of 545, ¥: and ^ On obv. of 546, a sprig. Same : but beneath obv. area, ^^l^ V>^ Nagari beneath rev. area, ^T ^ff Rev. margin illegible except jaJa^JI ^i^ (Th. 3;6.) M 11 M 1-1 (Th. 351.) -51 1-05, Wt. 176 110 M No. 548 549 550 551 Mint : Date. 948 949 949 Jahan- paimh (Dehli) 949 THE SULTANS OF DEHLI. C. With circular areas* Obv. Area, aJUI *^)S a — W ^ Margin, J3UJI ^Uai-JI ^Js. (sic) oU-^ j-o^ j^ W Rev. Area, jjI^—JxLj ^aw Margin, ^ ^\ seems to bo used. On the rev. of 561, 563, 677, 578, ^^lU., is substituted for ^^'UJl. siiEit snAn. 113 M No. 5G7 508 Mint : Date A grab 950 950 or 1 568r/ Ohv. Witliin square, {sic) J 1 ■ '^) Outside, 569 Sher- garh 951 Hissar ? 951? 570 Gwalior 950 571 Gwalior 951 ^e- or ^gl but ^ £ I in margin. ,, (?) in area; marg. obscure. ^£o ^€ Bev. Witbin square, Outside, (Th. 356.) S. -95 but mint j^l (?) ^ -9 lint dji ^-i* (Th. 358.) yE 1-05 (Cf. Th. 357.) vE -95 marg. differently arranged. (Th. 35>(.) ^ -95 ^M^J (Th. 358.) .E -95 114 THE SULTANS OF DEHLi, Mint: Date. Grwalior 952 951 Ohv. Same as 567 : date obliterated. no date in area ; but ^ £ I in margin. Within square, Margin varied. Hev. Same as 571. (Th. 358.) M -96 but mint (9) C^ci^ M -95 Within square, ^l— iaJLw Outside, [< Margin, •0 aJJI jJa. SH^B SHAH. 115 M No. 576 577 578 579 580 Mint : Date. 918 919 950 952 952 Second Size. Obv. 1^^ ^£ ^er "izr Rev. M -8 but ijUaJL; ; and Margin, >Aiii«Jt>jt Pl. VIII. ^ M -75 mint obliterated. ~) JiL-OI At side and beneath, [^]PA ^ -5 PL. VIII. ^ -5 ciphers obUteiated. M -55 M -5 iPa? ^ -55 J 5- Pl. VIII. jE, -i 118 THE STJLtAnS of DEHLf. No. Mint: Date. XXXV I. -I SLAM SHAH A.H. 952—960. SILVER. A. 952 Obv. Area, within square, Margin, in segments, Rev. Area, within square, ^VJftLrf w JAM* r^ aCJU aJUI jJLo. iSr/ Islam Sdhi Margin, in segments, >iii«JI ^' [LH-^'3 ^*^]-^' J^ [J>^' O^J»^' .S, 106, Wt. 168 952 Same : but ^ E f beneath obv. area, instead of at side of rev. area. (Th. 360.) M 11, wt. 173 ISLAM SHAH. 119 M I No. Mint : Date. 5U Agrah 953 595 59G Agrah 954 954 597 956 598 599, GOO 601 602 G03 Same : but '] £r ; and mint, ojJ\ ^ Ornament on obv. area, X Same : but lE^^- On obv. * , on rev. j^ Same : i £1^ ; rev. margin quite illegible. On obv. ^ Same : but i £ 1 ; traces of mint in margin. On obv. * .51 1-15 JU 1-05, Wt. 170 M 1-05, Wt. 176 956 Gwalior ? 957 Gwalior 958 960 Same: ^£l . On obv. £). Pl. IX. M 1-05 M 1-05 Same: but ^£^ ; margins illegible, except ...*^^^ •-iH' On obv. {Eutged.) M 1*05 On obv. i (Th. 360.) M ro, Wt. 175 Same : but i C'^ . On obv. and rev., C Same : but ^ *1 • ; margins illegible. On obv. 6 Same : but ^ instead of ciphers. (Barbarous.) M •05 M -9 120 THE SULTAnS of DEHLi'. M No. 604 G05 006 607 608 609 610 611 612 Mint : Date. 952 953 954 955 957 958 959 960 Gwalior 952 B. Same as 592 : but ^ £ T horizontal ; and top segment of rev. margin, FVVX^ (jJ^jI instead of ^^) (Th. 359.) M 1-3, Wt. 172 Same : but lET Same : but i £1 Same : but 1 ££ Same: but ^£v Same : but '^ £ '^ Same: but ^£^ Same : but 1 *1 ♦ (Th. 359.) M 1-3, wt. 180 (Th. 359.) M 1-25, Wt. 16G (Th. 3.59.) M 1-25 Pl. IX. (Th. 359.) M 1-25, Wt. 175 (Th. 359.) M 1-25 (Th. 359.) M 1-3, Wt. 17t5 (Th. 3.59.) M 1-25 Same areas as 592 : but no date on rev. area. Obv. margin, (S)j^*^^ | w>-i ^Xc^ ] 0^-o^3 I>o^3>^W' Rev. margin, {^J^\ instead of ^j) On rev. % (Th. :j(!0.) Ai 11.5, wt. 177 islAm sHAir. 121 Mint: Date. Satgaon 955 Obv. Area, within square, Margin, in segments, Rev. Area, within square, .1 o\ .•^)u- no ornament. 122 THE SULTANS OF DEHLI. Mint: Date, 957 954 Obv. Area, within double square, a]XJI 's)I a )l ^ Margin, in segments (one only visible), Rev. Area, within square, "i]ev a3UxL-3 Margin, in segments, illegible. (Very peculiar style.) Pl. IX. M -95, Wt. 162 G. Obv. Area, within circle, *>JI aJI "n) Margin, J^Ia)! o^^-J' ^ ^jlo^j^tjSJ Ul Rev. Area, within circle, dl__w j^^j. ,1 ^^\ \^\,^ 0\ til J-*y^ cOUaJLw^ 6^> rl (Th. 363.) . j-yit yj-i Ornament, ^ ^ -95 624 953 Second Size. Date, in middle of last line, Same as 621. M .3 12 J. THE SULTANS OF DEHLI. M No. G25 Mint : Date. Third Size. Within square, Within square, ^ -65 626- 029 Thin and Small. U^-^J"- JiU-a-Jt (Th. 361.) ^ -5 ^ -5 yE -5 ^ -5 MUHAMMAD 'AdIL. 126 .11 No. Mint : Date. G30, 631 961 XXXVII.-MUHAMMAD 'ADIL SHAH, A.H. 960—964. 632 Narnol 961 633 963 SILVER. Obv. Area, within square, aJJI ^)\ a )\ ^ Margin, in segments. Rev. Area, within square, aS to W^ «c4M T^ *[^ (in margin) jiSr/ Sultan Mahamad Margin, in segments, PL. IX. .51 1-25, Wt. 164 .51 1-3, Wt. 172 Same : but rev. area, ,jUstlw dl— w — 4XJU aJI)I jJl». (SV« Mahamad Sah Margin, Jyj^ ^-^^ j • • ■ • 1 • • • • I • • • • PL. IX. (Th. 365.) .51 1-0, Wt. 177 Same : but date 4 ; and mint obscure. (Th. 365.) .51 -95, Wt. lot 126 TUE SULTANS OF DEIILI. No. Mint : Date. 634, 635 961 Obv. ^vft ^ COPPEK. Large. Rev. d.$CJU dJJt JkJLa. (Th. 300.) 2B -9 636 637 no date visible. Small. ^ 7 JE ■' 639 Mint : Date. 962 or 963 M 610 SIKANDAR III. i^' Ohv. Eev. Same as 634 : beneath, date, ^ 1 f (Th. 366.) yE 7 >) JJk[la^ no date visible. Pl. IX, .^ -7 962 XXXIX.-S I KAN DAR SHAH III. A.H. 962. S I L V E E. Obv. Area, within square, In segments, Rev. Area, Margin, in segments, illegible. Pl. IX. M 1-0, Wt. 174 128 No. Mint : Date. 64^1 G42 THE STTLTANS of DEHLI. SIKANDAR III. COPPER. Ohv. Ret- Illegible. ^^ — ; — iL PL. IX. (Cf. Th. 370.) JE. -5 ;•*■ jlkJL. M -6 INDEXES. i I. INDEX OF YEARS. A.H. Metal. 596 M [59]8 >) 602 N 603 )) 604 )) [60]i M 610 J) 623 M 63a? M 6xx )) [639-40] )) 641 !> [6]42 >) 054 )) 655 )) 657 M 658 )) 660 )) 662 J> 664 >> )j >) 665 )) 667 )) 669 >> 672 N 673 M 674 )) 675 N 678 )) 686 M 687 N >> M 688 68[9] 690 691 693 694 695 ^ )j M Ghazni X Ghazni [Rantambhor ?] X Dehli X CO Dehlf [.] PRIXCE. Muhammad ibn Sam Taj-ad-din Yildiz Altamsh )> Mas' lid >> Mahmud i. Balban Kai-Kubad Firdz I. so. 1,2 3 6 7 8 20 21 46,47 37 36 73 74 75 86 87 88,89 90 91 92 93 103-105 106 107 108, 109 100 110 111 101 102 124, 125 123 126 127 139 140, 141 142 143 144 138 145 132 INDEX OF YEARS. A.H. Metal. MINT. PRINCE. NO. Page. 695 M Dehli Ibrahim i. 153 37 >) )) i> Muhammad i. 164, 165 39 697 )) L,] J> 166 40 698 ^ 5) J> 157 38 699 M [»] yy 167 40 700 M X J) 182 41 701 )) X M 183-185, 195 41, 42 702 )) X )9 186, 196 41, 42 703 JR Dehli JJ 168 40 >t M X 99 197 42 704 N »» M 158 39 )> JE a? )9 187 41 705 M Dehli jj 169 40 706? JE X X yy 188 189 42 42 708 M Ddr-al- Islam [Dehli] iy 159 39 710 }) Dehli J J 160 39 >> M [.] M 170, 171 40 >) JE X yy 190 42 711 JR Ddr-al-IsUm [Dehli] Ji 172 40 ?> M Dehli M 173 40 » JE X 99 191 42 712 JR Dehli ;? 174 40 „ JE X 9^ 198 42 713 JR Dehli 99 175, 176 40 u )> Ddr-al-IsJdm [Dehli] M 177 41 >> JE X >9 199 43 714 JR Dehli JJ 178, 179 41 )) JE X yy 200 43 715 ^ [Dehli] M 161 39 )> M 9> J? 180 41 )5 JE X 9 ) 201 43 )> jf X 'Umar 205 43 716 JR Dehli Mubarak i. 209, 210 45 )) JE X )) 214,215 46 717 JR Dehli 211 45 }) )» Ddr-alMulk [Dehli] )j 212,213 45 }} JE X »' 216-218, 221,222 46, 47 718 N Ddr-al- Khildf eh [Dchlf] )5 206 44 >> JR )> J) 208 44 )) JE X >j 225,226 47 719 N Ddr-al- Khildf eh [Dehli] >> 207 44 99 JF. X J> 219,220, 46-48 227, 229 720 >> X J> 228,230- 232 47, 48 INDEX OF YEARS. 138 A.H. Metal. MINT. miNCE. NO. Page. 720 ^ Dehli Khusru 235 49 >9 iE X JJ 236 49 5> ^ Dehli Taghlak i. 238 50 721 M Deoj^r JJ 243 52 )> >j X JJ 244 52 >) ^ X >j 249, 250, 255 53, 54 722 ^ Dehli JJ 239 51 >) ^ JJ JJ 245 52 j> JE X JJ 251 53 723 M Dehli JJ 246 52 5> M X JJ 252 53 724 N Dehli JJ 240 51 i> M JJ JJ 247 52 »> M X JJ 253 53 725 M Dehli M 248 52 j» M X >> 254, 256 53,54 )j M Dehli Muhammad ibn Taghlak 263 55 5> ^ X JJ 278, 279 59 726 N 1) Taghlak \., postlnimous 241 51 >> JJ ») Muhammad ibn Taghlak 260-262 55 •> M X )i 280 60 727 N Dehli »> 264 56 >» JE X >> 281-283 60 728 M X •1 268,269 57 729 N X j> 265 56 >> M X >> 270,271 57 730 jj X >» 272 57 )J JJ Satgaon >> 274 58 ? JE Agrah II 3056 64 jj I) Taghlakpur >> 305c 64 >j JJ X 11 309-314, 316-3176 65, 66 JJ JJ Ddr-al-Isldm [Dehli] >> 319 67 !5 !J Dehli >> 320-322 67 731 JJ j» >i 300-305 63 !! JJ Satgaon i> 305i 64 732 J> X » 284-287, 315,325-6 60,61, 65,68 J) • JJ Daukitubad II 306 64 733 Ji X >> 266,267 57 JJ JE. X if 288, 291- 294 61 734 JJ X }} 289, 295, 296 61 ,J JJ X }f 299 62 735 JJ X >} 290, 297 61, 62 134 INDEX OF YEARS. A.H. Metal. MINT. PRINCE. NO. Page. 736 N Dehli Muhammad ibnTaghlak 276,277 59 737 M a? >' 298 62 741 N Dehli „{A1-Mustakf{) 328,329 69 743 )» >) >> >> 331 69 >) M a; >) >> 333 70 74^ N Dehli " " 330 69 748 ») :r ,, {Al-Hdkim) 339,340 71 {l]5x >5 Dehli Firdz III. 345 74 759 M >> >j 372 78 767 )5 ») » 349 75 770 )> »> >» 350 75 771 1) 5» >» 351 75 772 >) )> >> 352 75 773 >> >> »> 353 75 776 >> >) >> 354 75 777 >> >) >> 355 75 778 )J >» >> 356 76 780 M >> » 357 76 783 >> >» >> 358, 358« 76 784 >> >> >> 359 76 7[8]6 J) J> j» 360 76 787 ,, >» >> 361 76 788 ^ a? >> 348 74 55 iE Dehli M 362 77 789 )> 5J 5» 363 77 790 )) »> Taghlak ii. 393 81 • ) )) )» Muhammad iii. 410-412 84 791 )< >5 Firdz III. loith Zafar {2')Ostliumous) 387 80 j> jj X Abii-Bakr 398 82 792 >> X >> 399,400, 402-3,405 82, 83 793 M X i> 401 82 ! J )> X Muhammad iii. 413,414 84 )) 5> Dehli )> 416,418 85 794 >5 )> »> 419 85 )5 )5 X j» 415,417 84,85 795 >> Dehli Sikandar i. 425,426 87 » >> a; >> 424,427, 428 87 55 )> a? Mali mud II 434 88 797 >» Dehli Nasnit Shah 443 90 798 >> )) )) 444 90 79^ yj J J Mahmud ii. 436-438 89 800 )) )5 >» 439 89 801 )) >) >» 440 89 807 J> >> Nasrat Shah (posth.) 445 90 815 H )? Mahmud ii. ( „ ) 441 89 INDEX OF YEARS. 135 A.H. Metal. MINT. PRINCE, NO. Page, 816 .E Dehli Fiioz III. {posth.) 364 77 817 »? )> ( „ ) 365 77 j> .41 a? Muhammad iii.{2J0st'h.) 421 86 818 )) a: )9 >> 422 86 825 ^E Dehli Firoz III. (])osth.) 379 78 832 »J 97 Mubarak ii. 448 92 833 )5 »» »9 449 92 834 J> >5 !• 450, 451 92 835 >? [,>] 9' 446 91 » J? >> >) 452 92 836 J) »> 9) 453 92 837 >1 h )J 454 92 83a? 9? ij 9) 447 91 841 > ) yj Muhammad iv. 460 94 843 J r )> 99 4569 461, 465 93,94 844 i; )> >9 462 94 846 ?> >j 91 457, 463 93, 94 847 s> > ) 464 94 848 i: 5> 99 458 93 853 n a 'Alim Shdh 470, 471 96 [85]4 J) >5 )) 472 96 855 5) 99 Buhlol L6di 483 99 857 J) >9 9) 484 99 858 >' 99 » 473 97 859 )9 » 9) 474 97 860 )) » 99 475 97 862 )? !> J> 476 97 863? »J » 99 486 99 867 J) >9 99 487 99 868 JJ >J 9» 488 99 873 5) 99 99 489 99 877 )J >9 99 490 99 J J ^* a? 99 479 98 888 J) a? » 480 98 )> Jaunpur >9 493 100 889 J J X }) 481 98 890 J) X 99 482 98 [8]93 )) Jaunpur )J 494 100 895 J? X Sikandar ii. 495 101 SQl )) X )) 496 101 898 X >9 497 101 902 )5 X 99 498 101 903 )) X 99 499 101 906 ?> X 99 500, 501 102 907 >? X 99 502 102 908 5 J X 9) 503 102 910 :j X 9) 504, 505 102 136 INDEX OF YEARS. A.H. Metal. MINT. PRINCE. NO. Page. 911 M X Sikandar ii. 506 102 914 ,, X >> 507, 508 102 915 )> X >> 509, 510 102 916 »> X >> 511 103 917 >) X 15 512 103 918 M X >J 513 103 919 I) X y> 514 103 926 X ») 518,521- 523 104 945 M Kalpi Sher Shah 581 116 946 M X >> 524, 525 105 » ») Sharifabad )» 526 106 947 )) >> >) 527 106 )) 5! Jcihanpandli (Dehli) )) 530, 531 106 )) )> Shergarh ? >5 532 107 948 ') X »J 528, 533, 548 106, 107, 110 >) )) Sh6i-garh J) 534, 535, 544 107, 109 )) )) Agrah 53 537 108 ?) JE X >) 576,585, 586 115, 117 949 Al X >) 529, 549, 550 106, 110 »> >) Jahdnpandh (Dehli) )) 536, 551 107, 110 • )> )) Agrah >) 538 108 )> )) Shergarh 1) 545, 546 109 >j >) Kalpi )J 547 109 5) ip] X >) 560, 577 112,115 94^ )> X >) 589 117 950 iR X J> 552-555 111 n ^ X >) 561,562, 578 112, 115 >) >i Agrah >) 567 113 „ >> Gwalior J J 570 113 95? >) Narnol ? )J 568 113 951 yR Gwalior >) 539, 540 108 >> >> X J J 556 111 ,, )> Sharifabad ) J 557 111 )) ^ X » 563, 564, 574 112, 114 )) ,, Shergarh )3 568a 113 >) )> Gwalior )9 571 113 M? ?) Ilissar ? >> 569 113 952 yR Gwalior >> 541 108 ,, >» X 5J 558, 559 111 • ) M X " 1 565, 579, 580 112, 115 INDEX OF YEARS. 137 A.U. Metal. MINT. PUINCE. NO. Page. 952 M Gwalior Shcr Shah 572 114 ») M X Islam Shah 592, 593, 604 118, 120 9) >> Gwalior )> 612 120 953 »> Agrah >> 594 119 )) j» X »> 605 120 19 ^ X ») 624 123 954 ^R Agrah )) 595 119 » >j X » 596, 606, 620 119,120, 122 >5 JE X >> 622 123 955 M X »> 607,614, 615 120, 121 t> 1) Satgaon » 613 121 956 )) a? >> 597, 598, 616-618 119, 121 957 )) Gwalior ? >> 599, 600 119 ,, )7 X j> 608, 619 120, 122 958 >> Gwalior M 601 119 ?) >> X >J 609 120 959 >> X >> 610 120 95^ ^ X » 621 123 960 M X >» 602,611 119, 120 >> M X " / 623 123 961 M X Muhammad 'Adil 630, 631 125 )) )> Narnol »> 632 125 )> ^ X >> 634, 635 126 962 JR X Sikandar iii. 640 127 96f M X Muhammad 'Adil 638 126 963 M X » 633 125 Imperfect dates on nos. 181, 305«, 347. ( 139 ) II. INDEX OF MINTS. MIXT. Metal. A.n. PEINCE. so. Page. Sj3\ A grab M M 730] 948 949 950 953 954 Muhammad ibn Taghhik Sher Shah )> u Islam Shah 3056 537 538 567 594 595 64 108 108 113 119 119 ^1 IkUm (See joJJLij Taghlakpur 5jkX^ and jJL Beled & Beldet See dujS' Ghaznt Takht-f/dh See ibU^i and ^^_^> Daulatdbdd & DeJdt Taghlakpur ^ 730 Muhammad ibn Taghlak 3()5c 64 Jahanpanah (=DehU) .R )> 947 949 Sher Shah 530, 531 536, 551 106 107,110 140 INDEX OF MINTS, MINT. Metal. A.H. PEINCE, NO. Page. J5?'>^ M 888 Buhlol L6cli 493 100 J a nil pur 5) 8]93 ji 494 100 Hissar JE 951? Sher Shah 569 113 Hazrat See (^^> BeJiU Dar-al-Islam (= Dehli) M 708 711 713 Ixx 730 Muhammad i. »> Muhammad ibn Taghlak. 159 173 177 305« 319 39 40 41 64 67 (Hazrat) Dar- al-Khilafah (= Dehli) M N JE 718 719 X Mubarak i. >> >5 206 208 207 233, 234 44 44 44 48 .iJUUll jti M 717 Mubarak i. 212, 213 A5 Dar-al-Mulk (= Dehli) Prefixed to Deldf, nos. 322, 324, 374-378, 396, 397, 418, 419, 436-441, 443-445, 448-455, 460-408, 471, 472, 483-490: see iJ^i Dehli. INDEX OP MIKT3. 141 MINT. Metal. A.ll. PH1>'CK. Nt). I^-t'c. Delilf * * JE X Muhainmad ibn Sam 12-16 9 >) X Altamsh 38-42 15 )) X )5 54,55 16 * Al X Bahram 67 19 „ 039-40 Mas'ud 73 21 )) 654 Mahmud 86 25 1) 655 >) 87 25 M 657 >) 88, 89 25 )) 658 » 90 25 ») 660 II 91 25 M 662 II 92 26 ) J 664 11 93 26 ) ) j9 Balban 103-105 28 )) 665 •1 106 28 n 667 II 107 29 M 669 II 108, 109 29 N 672 1) 100 27 JR 673 II 110 29 n 674 II 111 29 N 675 51 101 27 )> 678 II 102 27 M X )) 112-114 29 1! 686 Kai-Kubad 124,125 32 N 687 }> 123 31 M »j II 126 32 fy 688 1) 127 32 X 128 32 ij 68[9] Firoz II. 139 35 jj 690 i> 140,141 35 691 j> 142 35 )) 693 >i 143 35 )) 694 II 144 36 i^ 695 ij 138 34 yR )? 1) 145 36 jE X Ji 152, 152f/ 36 M 695 Ibrahim i. 153 37 n >J Muhammad i. 164, 165 39 ^ 698 II 157 38 J) 704 1} 158 39 JR 705 yy 169 40 N 710 y> 160 39 * An asterisk is prefixed to those coins which are only presumably Dehli, the name itself beiug either obliterated, or else altogether absent. The epithet izijJa. or j^-j* (see note p. 35) is always prefixed to the name Dehlf, except in the thirty-five instances in which Dar-al-Mulk is prefixed, here indicated by D ; and in no. 386, where Dehli occurs with no prefix, and 328-331, where it is written JWjJ', and 300-305, where the Persian forms Jj«J^J or tf^^ ji are used. 142 IxVDEX OF MINTS. MIKT. Metal. A.n. PRINCE. NO. Page. Dehli M 711 Muliuiiuiiad I. 172 40 >> 712 >) 174 40 (continued) )> 713 j> 175, 176 40 >) 714 j> 178, 179 41 >) 715 » 180 41 jj xxG >) 181 41 M X )j 204 43 M 716 Mubarak i. 209, 210 45 'J 717 J) 211 45 ^ 720 Khusrii 235 49 o )) Tagil lak i. 238 50 5) 722 >> 239 51 M )) ;> 245 52 jj 723 >> 246 52 ^ 724 >) 240 51 ^ >) >> 247 52 )> 725 >5 248 52 )' J) Muhammad ibii Taghlak 263 55 N 726 Taghlak i. {posthumous) 241 51 }> )) Muhammad ibn Taghlak 260-262 55 5> 121 >j 264 56 ^ 730 » 320, 321 67 jj )» 322 67 D. )> 731 )j 300-303 63 (»^c:.s:) )5 ,, J) 304,305 63 n. p. .Y 736 >» 276,277 59 >» 741 ,, (Al.Mustakfi u.) 328,329 69 )) 74.r " ») 330 69 ,j 743 " )) 331 69 iE 748 „ {A I- Hakim) 339, 340 71 D. )! X )) 324 68 i\r [7]5a; Firdz III. 345 74 M 759 )> 372 78 )» 767 j> 349 75 >) 770 )) 350 75 J) 771 >> 351 75 )) 772 J5 352 75 J) 773 >> 353 75 )» 776 )> 354 75 I) in >J 355 75 )) 11^ J> 356 76 J, 780 J» 357 76 ,, 783 >> 358,358a 76 M 784 >> 359 76 ") 7[8]6 »> 360 76 )) 787 » 361 76 )) 788 J> 362 77 5) 789 >> 363 77 INDEX OF MINTS. 143 MI>'T. Metal. A.H. PRINCE. NO. Page. D ehli (jcont.) N 7a;x X Firoz III. 347 371,373, 380-381 74 78 D. t) X X '' {with Fath) 374-378 386 78 79 n. p. " 790 Taghlak ii. 393 81 D. )> a? J J 396,397 81 1) 790 Muhammad in. 410 84 " 791 Firoz III. {ivith Zqfar) 387 80 5? 793 Muhammad in. 410 85 >) 418 85 D. D. >5 794 795 Sikandar i. 419 424 85 87 D. D. D. D. D. D. D. )) 797 Nasrat 443 90 798 79a; >> Mahmud ii. 444 436-438 90 89 )) 800 ,, 439 89 801 807 Nasrat {posth.) 440 445 89 90 815 Mahmud ii. {posth.) 441 89 1) 816 Firoz III. {'fosth.) 304 77 5> 817 >j 365 77 >) 825 )) 379 78 D. D. D. # )) 832 833 Mubarak ii. 448 449 92 92 > ) 834 ff 450, 451 92 ' ' 835 yt 446 91 '" 452 92 D. D. D. )) 836 453 92 )) 837 }> 454 92 >5 83.y- jt 447 91 D. >» 1 84 6 843 Muhammad iv. 5) 460 456 461,465 94 93 94 D. >» 844 462 94 5) 846 1) 457 93 ?J p 463 94 D. D. D. >> » • 847 [8]48 X X >J >> 464 458 466-468 469 94 93 95 95 » 853 'Alim 470 96 )> 471 i 96 J). D. D. D. )> i 854 472 96 >> ! 855 1 857 1 858 Buhlol Lodi 483 484 473 99 99 97 1 5> 859 >} 474 97 144 IXDEX OF MINTS. MINT. Metal. A.n. PRINCE. NO. Page. ^> 860 Buhlol Lodi 475 97 Dehli (rant.) 862 476 97 J). 863 485, 486 99 D. 867 487 99 D. 868 488 99 D. 873 489 99 D. 877 490 99 884 477 98 890 478 98 X 491, 492 100 * X Sher Shah 573 114 See also dUJly*. ,/rt/^(i«/>a^^rt^, j>'%^*^\ j^i Dar-al- Islam, is'^^oJIjl^ Ddr-al-Khildfah, ^iXk^S jl.5 Ddr-al-Mulk. {Tahht-ydh) Daulatabad (KaVat) Dedgii" [Kantambhor?] Sdhah SatKaon [Siiid] M 732? »> X M 721 M X M 730 yE 731 M 955 M X Muhammad ibn Tajjhlak Taohlak I. Altamsh See j^i^cf. Jaunpur Muhammad ibn Taghlak )) Islam Shah Muhammad ibn Sum 306 307, 308 243 46,47 274 305r/ 613 64 64 52 15 58 64 121 INDEX OF MINTS. 145 MINT. Sharifabad Shergadah Shergarh Metal. M M Ghazni (jJb) KaVah Kalpi JR M M >) N )) M M M [Kanauj] N A.H. 946 947 951 947 948 [9]49 951 596 602 603 604 601 610 PRINCE. 945 949 X Sher Shah Sher Shah Sher Shah Muhammad ibii Sam Tildiz See j-^yii Deogir Sher Shah Muhammad ibn Sam 526 527 557 542, 543 532 534,535, 544 545, 546 568a Page. 106 106 111 108 1 5 2 6 6 8 7 8 8 9 20 10 21 10 581 547 582 30-33 u 107 107,109 109 113 116 109 116 12 146 INDEX OF MINTS. MINT. Metal. Gwalior * M M )J [Ldhdr?] M Lakhnautf M Mill tan m Narnol [Narwar] M M A.H. 950 951 952 )) X 952 957 958 961 PRINCE. NO. Sher Shah Islam Shah Muhammad ibn Sam Eiziveh Altarash Muhammad 'Adil Altamsh 570 539, 540 571 541 572 584 612 599, 600 601 62 53 632 43-45 * Also written ^^ijf and j^J'yT III. INDEX OF NAMES. I ^^^yU^-pJ I j.>>-» I j-a\J dli 153 dli 154, 155 523 ^UsiJu el^Ji>i9 CH>AJi o^ 6li>:j^t 398—401, 408 402, 403, 405 ,^^^^\ >-6l ^^ 9^ J3^ oU>:j ^1 404 ^iUftJu>Js oU,^:^ ^1 406, 407, 409 148 INDEX OF NAMES. ^UjJI jjkJCwl &ee J|;l--« ^>j dli ^'^jLwl ^aJaJl^t O^J^JIj UjJI J"^*- JiUJI ^UaJLJI OUslL, oli; >i^ 592— (312 613, 616-618 ^UaJl-j olij^ dlwve'^L,;! jaJxoJI ^I O^jJIj ^S>\ S^ 614, 615, 620 OUaJl^ 619 OUftJL, «li>i.^ o-^ 621, 622, 624 jjUaX-/ dU»^;-w ^>^ dl^'^)u»l ^>JJJI j^_j<^laJI j-wo'^)! 623 jjUpl aaJIs. J^laJI ^UftJLw dlij-ji dli>6'i)u»l 626 — 629 ^,„lic'N)l see ^^\jj\ , JL,^U^\, 0-f^t''>*W» «>^>3/— *■' ^^^j> jUsJLJI ,.;-»;lJL|I o^j^JI^ U>)I t,«H6^ 48—50 jUaJLJI ^j^LwoUJbt ^ftJn^ll ^^1 ^JjJtj ^J^' i.^»«^ 51, 52 INDEX OF NAMES. 149 A oliaJU' 46, 47 oUoLJt 53, 54, 56, 57 ^«cll pUftJUl 55 J^.rJ\ oUftJL- 60 ^ ^^in %firftTft» $>'i Sultd(7i) Lititimisi, 46, 47 ^ ft lTTg wi ^f^^l^^ Sii7'itan SH Snmasadin 38 — 42 ^jf.N»;LJl (c~ot) see ^u.£>j jt^ju^t see jL.»a.i^ ^^^1 ^s^t 473—478, 495—523, see j^^a-l, ^a*-», ^jU^, ^-^•^jt see^ft'^l,^^ jjtuoJLJbt ^ee ,_^M»UJI 100—114 OtJ^ 0^*»Jb W'JJ' «t>U,Jifi^)t o^JaJ^I 115—118 0-»JJl3 tijJt ^U^^N)! o^ftJLJI 119, 120 ^J IT^nri T^TTO^^' 'SiW'^ Sultdm Gydsudim 115 — 118 ^U 121, 122 150 INOEX OF N.VMF.S. jljjkA^t ojJJ see jk^a^^ ^5^^^)l jiA^I j.,oU ^UslLJI 67 O.JjJt3 LJjJIj.a^^kc'N)! J^iA^\ 69 ^ftflT^ 5^ T^tT^^' Suritdn Sri Muajadim 70 — 72 OUaX- oU. J^:> 0-»=vJ' t^J^ J^>:«)l 473—478 OUftXJt oU. J^V. ^^^^)l^j^| ^^li 479-482 oUaJLw dU J_^^ 483—492 OUaJLw oUJ^V 493, 494 >*WI ^1 CH-^'i» W^-^' ^^ l5j^' O^JaJLJI 237 oli JAaj jiJiJI ^jl ^J^xJt^ iJjJI OLc j^gjliJI ^UaJUlt ^jUaJLJt 249—254 ^j^3«Jlj..^lj.^U 238—240, 243— 248a dlw ,^Xstj jklA^\ 242 INDEX OF NAMES. 151 oli, JJLiu 255. 256, 258, 259 ^: TRo^rTT TmiTir'^* S'-ih Suit dm Gydmdim 255, 256 jA^a*^' a^ O^-^^b WjJ' ^'^^ iJJ^I J^tV-^l jLja-Jt jjUiJ-JI OlM^I dliiUj 241 ^UaJL«i dU. JJLi3 393—397 ^jJt^ \iJji\ A)'i)L>. see iu-tf'j c 334, 335 j.«.a.l ^Lxll^l AJUt^b^^UJI 336—341 j.«».l ^l^l^tvoU*:^! 343 J^*.t ^l**)t ^1 366—368 0^«^' \L>i'^^ (^.^^loJI see ji%^\ , jfjti ^J\jJ^\ ^jJt ^.claJI see^o'iLwIjjMjw r ^Uii see ^Ui^ili 152 INDEX OF NAMES. j^\ ^3 o^J*J^" dU3>-^ cHJJb UJJJ»>^U>fflie'^' O^^^^l ^jj^^t 236 aJUI ^uJL». see ^jU« ^2>*^U3I w>j Aft-JL^ see i)jU« ^jUjJI ^uJl^ see y6*iL-l,j«w ^;^,5-u^l ^^-^1 A.AJLsiJI 456—459, 470, 491, 492, and see ^UjJt ^ji\ see ja*%^\,j^ ^;>*«JUJl <^j see JjUo iujji\ ^\ see ^-a^«««^ioJI aJDI A^tt'j see J^«a».-e ^jJl3 L3jJI A^j ^[ ] o^J*J^I 63, 64 ^jJI^ UjJt i^j see Af^j ^jjjjl^ LijJi) \j^i see j^\jj\ > J (jUjJI see >e'^l INDEX OF NAMES. 153 juJuJI see (^iJu, jL^jw^ ^J\ii\ jjjSLi fee jcoi»~« ^UaJL* olw jL«A^ ol^ J juiCw 424 ^UaJL, oU, ju»a*-« ^ dU, jJjSL, 429, 430 dU»jJu5C«» (>s**>o^'>^' ^^ ^2^» ^^^ ^^UftJLw 6U, jjJJL> 427, 428 OUaJU oli J>JLv^ oli jJUJL, O-^-^P' ^5^ J^>i<^J 495—517 (dU^ 505) (hi) uLijjkJw — w)Uc Jy^wL».wwt oUf jjjSL) ^ILJL» 640 dlSr jjuJCw o^^=^ 641, 642 yjUftXw see ^iA\jj\ , ji%^\ , ,_;1»IJJI, J>iv^,j.*w,^U, «Voa»« ^jlLJLJt see ^.oiAtj-il, dli-«|;l, vftliLrf!, jjL^UJt, j>»Xj, voj/v:', J^XyJ, JXij, jtj-^a., ij-^j, j-w, >»«, iSj^, i^Ai^. ^j\^, .X»a»u > , > ^ <^.c, ^>a~-«, J^Xj ^UxL; (^j) see^l^, j,xXw, i^^^a^, ^3A.~o ^UftUI see j^ ^t, JJaj, jj^iSL/, j.a1s>, J^^, ^j^, J»-o«»~«, 164 INDEX OF NAMES. ^JlkJL.H see J^^ , jJ^i ^IfrJ^ see fjS2^^\ ^^JMcy^\ jfie1jt,>B^Lj1, ^W> J>V^> ti^> j^jjl^ WJjJ' c'-*^ see ^<,;lJI juy^)l see ^J^, J^-o^*^ WW— OUxL-Jt dl^ j-j^ ^aJsl4)^ 544 — 559 oli j^ ^j\LX^ ^;AJa-oJI ^\ o^jJlj LJJ^JI -xjji 542, 543 oU 537—541 OUJUI 560— 56G, 576, 579, 580 OUsJLw 577, 578 >JsmJI ^I dli ^ o^^*^ 567—574, 581—583 oLi j-^ (^) jj-jU o^JaJ^' ^5^^*J' xs'^'i" 575 OUaJUl dli j^ jiL^\ ^\ Jil*)l o^J*J^' 584 oUaJLw dU, j^ JiUJI c>^hX^\ o^jJI AiJLo- 585—591 INDEX OF NAMES. 155 ^ilJaJlw ^ 387, 388, 391, 392 oU j_5^-i ^f yiH 389, 390 jiJo (v>v) «6^ j^ >j' J^U see J^laJt see >e'il.-jl, ^^, J^.te^<« ot^U — dlw J^^ai^ o^ dUw»JU ^jUaJLw 470 OliftJL- oU^U. 471, 472 ^^Ls}l (^t) 5ee J^>»ll ^^^tjJI jLfC see i-a.1^t jujJt see jua)I a/2^ ju£ see 6j»k£. see JJ>Xi ^^jjlj tjjjjt "ilLft see jk^o-:^-*, >3JL~-6 oLw ^«& — OliaJUl 205 e {Jj^ r see ^*i ^^jIaJI see ^^iJo jjjjJIj LJjJI w'Lc see v>*b, j.^Aa5, (.jLi see o^ 156 INDEX OF NAMES. «JLa)I (^t) see j^^t^^, jk.cux^l, jj>h Ota^ (sic) 382—386 ^jJlj iJjJt j^jji see olw j^ *XJji (Ch) see jt-oJ»*-« (i) oli jjj^ ChJJ' u>^J — "^«FX!I ^^TS Bukana din 61 (ii) dU» J3^ ^jJI J'iJ^— OUaJUl 138—145 oli,j3j-s CHJ^Jb UJ^M J'^^^'^t O^Ja^' 146—148 OJJ^)b l!^jJJI J^a-^^'liH O^J^' 149—151 eUr j3^ 152, 152a ^^: ^T^iTT ifoST^^ '^''«'^ Sultdm Jaldludim 146 — 148 5ee also ^^\jj\ (hi) ol5» J3J-S — ^UxU dlw j^j-jj j^bjj JuSW iPh 343 ^UaJUl 344—347 0^><^' ^*a*.JI>**l 206—208 ji-^U AS'iJ^iJl ^>-*J ^J^>)I jjUJwl ^jUaJLJI jJJ ^UaJLJt O-s^^l jt<^ 209—211 158 INDEX OP NAMES. O^^^ 212, 213 oUaJUl 214 ^OaJLJI CH O^J=^i' 215, 216 OUaJUl ^j\ o^^aJ^I 217—220 ^>4i^^^l ^j:!-)^b W*^' s^is3 jAixoJt ^t dJLit AftJL^ oUaJUl c>if» 225—228 OUftJUl v>v1 o^^aJ^» 229—232 ^jJlj LijJI ..fJaS ^f^l voU-N)! 232rt oLi^ jL^ 233, 234 (11) oil .i'j^-e— j^UftJU dU. ^jt^ v>-^>«JI /i-*' ^U 446, 447 ^UsJu- ali JjL^ 448—454 oU> JjL»Jt ^ iajJla^ll 349 -358a, 371, 372, 408, 429, 430, 435 aJUI juc >^! AiJUJI 359—365, 373, 387, 388, 391—393, 398—401, 406, 407, 411—415, 420, 420a, 424, 434 ,>wU^t j^l>eU*s)l 421—423, 431—433 aJUI juc ^\ j.^^^)\^t^\^lc^\ 384—386 aJUI juc ^t 389, 390, 394, 395, 409, 410 aJUI ^ J^^iftJI see JJLij OUaJl-JI dU. j^,a^ o-o*y J^^ c^'^l 260—263 ^}XaJ ^ jc»A.^ 4jJt ^LoA.j ^^^|>il Ju«3l 264 oU, JJL*5 265—272 oU> JAaj ^>y jLo^a^ aJDI J-j*w j^ jjkla^^l 274, 275 oI^aUJ ^ J^.a^ aJUI J---; j^ jJkla-^l 278, 279 dLiLUj ^ jL,,*^ J^UJI oUftJUl 280—283 JJLiu j^^a^.« ^jo-iyi ju.t 284—290 JJLiu OJ >«=*-« >^ I *J^I A<^j L5^'>J' 291—298 JJLiu j.<^a^^yDt dJJt A^».j ^^L>JI 299 Jii; J^>.a^ jljJ^I *J^ 300—308, 318 4>Xi3 ^ >o^~« djk-^ 310 160 INDEX OF NAMES. JJLij ^>. ju»a^- J^\ 319—322 (sic) Li j^Jla3 ,jv «>"»a»» ^ 324 ol^ftXaS ^ Jk o '^- *' 327 JUj ^i j.,,^ 276, 277, 314, 315, 317, 3176 JJLiu j^,*-« 309—313, 318, 323, 325—326 ■^t *ft^^ '^^'^'^ Mohamad 318 ^L; 1 — 3 >eL» 4 1—3 6—8, 20 >L, c>:. jL<,*-o^JifiN)l o^i*J^» 9—11, 27, 28 (^) JAoJI o^^-J' 21 ^jjl3 UjJI>Jw 22, 23 ■^ jf?»T?" WW 'S'/'i Mahamad Same 12 — 19, 21 ^ j^i^^ ^-^ ^JT '§''■» Mahamad vene Sam 30 ^ jj^jj^ ^TJl (Ji'yi Mahamad Sam 31 INDEX OF NAME8, 161 ^ "^Wtx H^T^ ^rnr Sn Hamlra Mahamad Sam 32, 33 ^ ^^^: ffJ^'i)l 0^^*J^< 182—194 ^>jjJl3 LJjJI *^j^^)\ ^J^sXJS 202, 203 oU. jL«a^ 204 ^J ^cjirii ^^5T^^* ^^^^ Sultdm Aldvadirn 182, 194 oUi juji yj~i dL> jL^>a>..o ^UaJLi 456 — 459 ^UaJL- dl^ j^^- 460—466 *U» j^KS^ o^J«^ 467, 468 «l^ JU»ar^ 469 ^UaJL, oU» j3^ *lw jc»a>u> 410—412, 415 ^jUaJL-; oli j3^ ol^ jL»a.^ 413, 414, 420, 420a ^UaJU oU ju^a^^ 418, 419 oUi j^«'»<.c ^f^^W j^\ w^l3 416, 417 162 INDEX OF NAMES. 421—423 Jib j^«a^ o^kJU jAJa«JI ^jt o-iJJ'i WjJ' JjW-ft 630, 631 oUaJL- dU, J>U j.<,a^ 632, 633 «U, jc»s^ o^^*J^ jJbla^l ^jt 634, 635 olw j^.oA>»« . . . . i«Jt^j| 636 jL»a».^ ^UaXw 637 «U> jL«a^ . . jJI (S) jubUw^ 638 Ji\t J^«A^ ,jUaJL> «XAla^ 639 0UaAw85 OUaJl- 86—91 OUaJL, 9^—95 5^<,a^ O^JJIj L^jJIz-dU^CN)! o^JUl 96—99 ^ ^R^T;: ?>'^ Hamlrak 96, 99 INDEX OF NAMES. 1G3 j^lJaJL;431 ^UaJL, 432, 433 ^Uxlw dU> jk-fra,.^ dlw ^3^a.^ 434, 435 ^^UJL» dli i^..— 436—441 yj^^\^ dJi\j^o^sCL^\jblc*:)\ 74—77 0-ii*>«JI >wel^ff-a3u^l>oU'N)l 86—95, 100—114, 123—128, 138—145 4JJU ft^im rM 328—331 ,>«U>oJI 332 dJDW ,^«Cm.^H aJDI 3Ju)^ 333 0-w^>oJ« j-w«»>'tfi'ii-«JI>6U'^l 35, 37, 62, 67, 73, 85 OUftJUt 73—77 164 INDEX OF NAMES. «l^ i^SL^ V>i-^b ^t"^^ *:^^oi^*^^ O^J*J^' 78—81 jjUftJL* ^ ^^*«.,« . . . "iJt 83 ^cnf^Td Alddin 84 Wt Srz 82 4>*^X«-oJt see jb%^\ ^ftjsufrll (^1) 5ee dlw voljt, >rtA|/^', ^e'iV-'', lA***''? v>t^> ^b%^, ii^i^jJl/-*" >«•-'» ><^»J3>**' "^J^' •i^OO^, i>6*-«, dJUV Juiu**)! *Ift3l ^jt ^>-wU.^I^^I^U'^t 344, 382 ^\^\ c>4io^l^>6UN)l 345—347, 383 -„Ia)1 ^« AiJUJI 369, 370 jAo)t see jjJL «2lJU)t seejjlj 2SX^ see SL^oj 4*^3^ seejjJu INDEX OF NAMES. 165 o-t^^^ J**' >-«^ *^^ >«j*W> tA»^i, vftlKT*, J^) 3>'*>»'> AJUIC>iJJ>^LJI 1,2,3 ^>4i*^l^^1 aJUI o^JJ>«^I 6, 7, 8, 20, 21 \^ i *^ ^ ^\ jyAi 443—445 ^j-5-U^I ^-^t ^3 see ^j""^ 166 INDEX OF NAMES. jJ^ — Wj^" h-^ d*i)3<>3 ojk*c 20 jjJLj djuft 22, 23 jJ^ iJ-JjJb WjJ» «-^ >«J» -iJUUI ojuc 27, 28, 29 ai'ilkoJt !>-«-» see ^jU-o, IV. INDEX OF NAGARI INSCRIPTIONS. ^ToyTf^irr 84. ^f(l^O ^"^ ^»w^T^ ^^ 43—45. ^ or ^ it 46, 47. ^TiTTO Ft JT^nr^'f 70—72. ^ITTO W\] ^^1^ ^ 61. ^T^RTT Ft H»W^ 38—42. ^ ^F^TJT^f 613-618. ^ ^F^TH ^Tf^ 592—611, 620. ^ ^T^? ^ 43—45. ^ w^^^ T^ ^*T 30. Ft ^'^p^ ^T^ 12—19. ^ *T1|»T^ FT»T 31. ^ H^»T^ ^? 632, 633. ^: ift^«r^ 318. 168 INDEX OF NAGAEI INSCEIPTIONS. ^ TTTT FT^ 537—543. ^ ^ ^ 648—559. ^ ^ ^T^ 524—536, 544—547. ^'t: ^ni ^Toriw^f 182. ^"i: ^HT JTxn^Tf 115—118, 255, 256. ^V. ^in n^T^^' 146—148. # jcJPT ^V^ 630, 631. wi w^wt ^^^"^ 129, 130. -saft ^in[ f^yfrifiTfiTfti 46, 47. ^ iif(T.: 9, 24—26. ^'t ^ifrc: 96—98. ^ V^x: 24—26, 38—42, 51, 52, 63—66, 70—72. ^'^ ^*ft^ ^^^^ Trm 32, 33. V. INDEX OF POINTS, ORNAMENTS, AND BORDERS. . 62 . . 103, 104, 106, 108, 109, 112—114 ... 35, 37, 67, 73, 86—95 .-. 9 o 86—95, 103—114, 139—145, 162—181 *or * 6, 22, 23, 24—26, 505, 514, 542, 543, 545, 547, 548, 566, 595—597 X 594 ^ 595, 623 ^ 612, 614—617 ^ 604—611, 620, 630, 631 SS 545 n 502, 507, 508, 511 y 598 c 599, 601, 602 i 600 O 544 = 603 Arch, 36 Sprig, 546 170 INDEX OF ORNAMENTS, ETC. On the side of the Bull Nandi : — ( 12—16, 43—45 1 1 38, 39 (II 61 e 70—72 « 40, 41 «^ 42. On ihQJhul or flank of the Bull Nandi ; — ^ 12—16,43—45,61 M 38 F 39 n 42 + 70—72 Borders : — Circle, 36, 55, 58, 100-102, 115-118, 123, 138, 153, 157—161, 182—194, 209—213, 235, 238— 248a, 260— 264, 274—277, 300—308, 325, 326, 332, 345—347, 404, 410, 416, 425, 426, 446, 447, 479—482, 548—559, 620 Double circle, 299, 318 Square, 206—208, 402, 403, 524—543, 567-575, 581— 583, 592—619, 625, 630—633, 640 Double square, 3, 6—8, 20, 21, 36, 37, 115—118, 153^ 253,- 237—240, 243— 248a, 544—547, 519 Square enclosed in circle, 53, 68 INDEX OF ORNAMENTS, ETC. 171 Double square enclosed in circle, 35, 37, 62, 67, 73 — 77, 85—95, 103—114, 124—128, 139—145, 162—181 Quatrefoil, 328—331, 336—338 Cinquefoil, 334 Sixfoil, 366—368 Hexagon, 265—273 Hexagram, 56, 57, 60 Hexagram enclosed in circle, 53 Octagram, 152, 152a Octagram enclosed in circle, 54 Zigzag, 59 Ornament, 134, 135 VI. INDEX OF DENOMINATIONS, MARKS AND FORMULAS OF GENUINENESS, ETC. ^\£s t\4i 306—308. a£j 300—308. JUOoJ) 328—331 ^»AjjJI 1, 2, 319—322 ^^1 ^jjJI 319—322 jtojci) 6, 7, 8, 21, 260—262, 264, 328—331 J:Ju)<6J\ jUjjJI 328—331 ,^^^1 314, 315 lSiJ\ 67, 100—102, 105, 123, 138, 157—163, 206—208, 235, 237—241, 243—248, 274, 275, 343, 344, 347 ^>yi 319—322 ^judl263 i-oAll 62, 86—95, 103, 104, 106-114, 128, 139—145, 153, 164—181, 209—213 , Jl& cJJk 323 Jjs. 53—58, 121, 122, 136, 137, 152, 152a, 156, 204, 233, 234, 323 ^U JjLft 121, 122 174 INDEX OF DENOMINATIONS, ETC. ^J;Jx^ Jjs, 136 ^\£s c-mSa Jj^ 323 j\^j^k\ ojJ^jj^j^jp ^\j B.Cj j^y^A 300— 305(? ^\^j^\ 6JJJ jl^jjij j3 ^[£s dU^;j sSlj j^ j^ 306—308 jl3»^*^l «jUj J^ jij^^jj 3iSL) 318 VII. INDEX OF FIGURES. Bull Nandi to left, recumbent, 12—19, 22, 23, 38—45, 61, 70—72, 84 Chohdn Horseman to right, 9, 12—19, 24—26, 34, 38—45, 48-52 (?), 61, 63—66, 68—72, 78—84, 96—99 Goddess Lakshmi seated facing, 30 — 33 Horseman to left ^^ith lance at charge, 4, 10, 11 VIII. MISCELLANEOUS INDEX. aJUI J^j jl»»-o AJJI -n)! a)! ^) 1—3, 6—8, 21, 22, 35, 3G, 264, 274, 275, 524— 559a, 592-620, 630—633, 640 ai^j^ dju6 lji«.a^ ^1 J^v^l^ dJJI N)! ai\ ^) o' *H^' 260—263 yJ.J^\ ^_^ «>vJaJ JaJI O-d^i (^^V^W A^i-'J J>-o' L5**^' ^ ^^1 (^^ i>>iriaJ JaJl Ori^3 ^^^ ai^j J-^jl i^->Jl 5* 4Jl£9 3, 6—8 Jjii)) ^t^ ^;i)l aJDIj 276, 277 ^CLcj^-n)! ^3)5 Jj^^l t^aiJsl^ aJI)I l^aJsl 311-313 ^fr 0^«^ >►* j^ (W«) >vt 274, 275, 524—534, 536, 549— 552, 554—559, 620 i^^Ac (sic) ^U— t js».& jiu ^1 548, 553 ,^3 ^U^3 j-0^3 ji;:^ IjI 612 ^_^j-oJI ^^ ^jU*Jl o^«i* (35J^' J-0^ Ji-f^^ j^i (IjI) ^j' 537—541, 592—611, 614, 617, 618, 630—633. c5^ CHJ3JI ^^i oW^^ (3ij^*" j'*^ Jd**-*'' ^^ (WO ^1 j^j^l 544—547 ^^^1 ^ J^^\ J^e. w^UftsJI^^^ J^ijuaJI^JCj gi 342, 343 tr*^>* L5^ O^ OW^ wJlJai. j-o* Jjjbo j^ bl 613, 616 O^**^ w>lJa», ^j| j.^ 640 ^Xc ^<^ OW^ ti^J Xft J,Aaj ^^ ^j J Jk J^ 344, 394, 395 a3UsJu._5 ^a^ aJUI jJl». 530—536, 574, 613, 619—624 ,jr^] ^\ AiUftJL-3 aO^ aJJI jJU- 630, 631 aaL; (applied to Jaunpur) istiS (applied to De6gir) Samvat Era, 46, 47 ( ISO ) TABLE RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF ENGLISH GRAINS and FRENCH GRAMMES. Grains Grammes. Grains. Grammes. Grains. Grammes. Grains. Grammes. I •0G4 41 2^656 81 5-248 121 7-840 2 •129 42 2^7-20 82 5-312 1-22 7-905 3 •194 43 2^785 83 5-378 1-23 7-970 4 •259 44 2-850 84 5442 124 8-035 5 •324 45 2-915 85 5-508 125 8-100 6 •388 46 2-980 86 5-572 1-26 8-164 7 •453 47 3 045 87 5-637 127 8-229 8 •518 48 3-110 88 5-702 1-28 8-294 9 •583 49 3175 89 5-767 1-29 8-359 10 •648 50 3240 90 5-832 130 8-4-24 11 •712 51 3-304 91 5-896 131 8-488 12 •777 52 3368 92 5-961 132 8-553 13 •842 53 3-434 93 6026 133 8-618 14 •907 54 3498 94 6091 134 8-682 15 •972 55 3 564 95 6-156 135 8-747 IG T036 56 3-628 96 6^2-20 136 8-812 17 1^101 57 3-()93 97 6-285 137 8-877 18 1-1(56 58 3-758 98 6350 138 8-942 19 1^231 59 3-823 99 6-415 139 ^ 9-007 20 1296 60 3-888 100 6-480 140 9-072 21 1360 61 3952 101 6-544 141 9-136 22 I •4-25 62 4017 102 6-609 142 9200 23 1-490 63 4082 103 6-674 143 9-265 24 1-555 64 4-146 104 6-739 144 9-330 25 1-6-20 65 4-211 105 6804 145 9395 26 1^684 66 4-276 106 6-868 146 9-4(i0 27 1-749 67 4-341 107 6-933 147 9 5-25 28 1-814 68 4-406 108 6-998 148 9-590 29 1-879 69 4-471 109 7063 149 9-()55 30 1-944 70 4-536 110 7^128 150 9-7-20 31 2008 71 4600 111 7-192 151 9-784 32 2-073 72 4-665 112 7-257 152 9-848 33 2138 73 4-7-29 113 7-3-22 153 9-914 34 2-202 74 4-794 114 7-387 154 9978 35 2 •207 75 4859 115 7-452 155 10 044 3() 2332 76 4-924 116 7 516 156 10108 37 2397 77 4-98'.) 117 7-581 157 10-173 38 2^462 ^8 5()54 118 7-646 158 10-238 39 2 5-27 79 5-119 119 7-711 159 10-303 40 2 592 80 5184 1^20 7-776 160 10-368 ( 181 ) TABLE RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF ENGLISH GRAINS and FRENCH GRAMMES. Grains. Grammes. Grains. 201 Grammes. Grains. Grammes. Grains. Grammes. 161 10-432 13-024 241 15-616 290 ' 18-79 162 10-497 202 13-089 242 15-680 300 1 19 44 163 10-562 203 13-154 243 15-745 310 \ 20-08 164 10-626 204 13-219 244 15-810 320 ! 20-73 165 10-691 205 13-284 245 15-875 330 1 21-38 166 10-756 206 13-348 246 15-940 340 22-02 167 10821 207 13-413 j 247 16-005 350 1 22-67 168 10-886 208 13-478 i 248 16-070 360 23 32 169 10-951 209 13543 1 249 16135 370 23 97 170 11-016 210 13-608 250 16-200 380 , 24-62 171 11-080 211 13-672 251 16-264 390 25-27 172 11-145 212 13-737 1 252 16-328 400 25-92 173 11-209 213 13-802 253 16394 410 26-56 174 11-274 214 13-867 254 16-458 420 27 20 175 11-339 215 13-932 255 16-524 430 27-85 176 11-404 216 13-996 ' 256 16-588 440 28-50 177 11-469 217 14061 257 16653 450 29-15 178 11-534 218 14126 258 16-718 j 460 29-80 179 11-599 219 14-191 259 16-783 470 3045 180 11-664 220 14-256 200 16-848 480 3110 181 11-728 221 14320 261 16912 490 31-75 182 11-792 222 14-385 262 16-977 500 32-40 183 11-858 223 14-450 263 17 042 610 33-04 184 11-922 224 14-515 264 17-106 520 33-68 185 11-988 225 14-580 265 17-171 530 34-34 186 12-052 226 14-644 266 17-236 540 34-98 187 12117 227 14-709 267 17-301 550 35 64 188 12-182 228 14774 268 17 366 560 36-28 189 12-247 229 14-839 269 17-431 570 36-93 190 12-312 230 14-904 270 17-496 580 37-58 191 1-2-376 231 14968 271 17 560 590 38-23 192 12-441 232 15-033 272 17625 600 38-88 193 12-506 233 15098 273 17-689 700 45-36 194 12571 234 15162 274 17-754 800 51-84 195 12-636 235 15227 275 17819 900 58-32 196 12-700 236 15 292 276 17-884 1000 64-80 197 12-765 237 15-357 277 17-949 2000 129-60 198 12830 238 15 422 278 18-014 3000 194-40 199 12-895 239 15-487 279 18 079 4000 25920 200 12960 240 15-552 280 18144 5000 324 00 ( 183 ) TABLE VOB CONVERTING ENGLISH INCHES INTO MILLIMJITRES MEASURES OF MIONNET'S SCALE. English Inch ES 4. French Millimetres 3-5 25 2 1-5 1- •9 •8 •7 85 90 85 liONNET^S Scale 80 19 75 70 65 60 65 50 45 40 35 SO 26 20 15 17 "" 15- ^14 10 — 9 8 7 6 s — •S s •4 •3 •a •1 __ 1 10 5 -. 1 London : Gilbert A Rivington, Limited, St. John's Sq., ClerkenweU Road. COMPARATIVE TABLE OE THE YEARS OF THE HIJRAH AND OE THE CHRISTIAN ERA. AH. AD. 1 AH. A.D. 1 622 . July 16 51 671 . Jan. 18 2 623 . ,. 5 52 672 . ,, 8 3 624 . June 24 53 672 . Dec. 27 4 625 . „ 13 51 673 . „ 16 5 626 . 2 J J 55 671 . , 6 6 627 . Mmv 23 56 675 . Nov. 25 7 628 . „" 11 57 676 . „ 14 8 629 . „ 1 58 677 . „ 3 9 630 . April 20 59 678 . Oct. 23 10 631 . M 9 60 679 . » 13 11 632 . Mar. 29 61 680 . ., 1 12 633 . „ 18 62 681 . Sej-t. 20 13 634 . „ 7 63 682 . „ 10 14 635 . Feb. 25 64 683 . . Aug. 30 15 636 . ,. 14 65 684 . „ 18 16 637 . „ 2 66 685 . >, 8 17 638 . Jan. 23 67 686 . July 28 18 639 . „ 12 68 687 . „ 18 19 640 . 2 69 688 . „ 6 20 640 . Dec. 21 70 689 . June 25 21 641 . „ 10 71 690 . „ 15 22 642 . Nov. 30 72 691 . » 'i 23 643 . „ 19 73 692 . May 23 24 644 . „ 7 74 693 . „ 13 1 25 645 . Oct. 28 75 694 . 2 26 646 . ., 17 76 695 . April 21 27 647 . ., 7 77 696 . „ 10 28 648 . Sept. 25 78 697 . Mar. 30 29 649 . „ 14 79 698 . ,. 20 30 650 . „ 4 80 699 . 9 31 651 . Aug. 24 81 7 12 Nov 30 ,, 20 ,, 9 Oct. 29 ,, 18 }> 7 Sept 26 ,, 16 ,j 4 Aug. 24 )> 14 3 Julv 23 ,, 12 ,, 1 June 21 ,j 9 May 29 jj 19 ,, 8 April 26 >) 16 Mar. 26 „ 14 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 I 700 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 , 1291 , 1292 1293 . 1294 . 1295 . 1296 . 1297 . 1298 . 1299 . 13 . Mnr. Feb. Jan. Dec. 3 21 10 30 19 29 „ 18 6 Nov. 26 „ 15 4 Oct. 24 „ 13 „ 2 Sept. 22 „ 10 Aug. 31 „ 20 „ 9 Julv 29 ,/ 18 „ 7 June 27 „ 15 4 May 25 „ 14 „ 3 April 22 „ 11 1 Mar. 20 9 Feb. 27 „ 16 6 Jan. 25 „ 14 4 Dec. 24 „ 12 2 Nov. 21 „ 10 Oct. 30 „ 19 9 Sept. 28 „ 16 192 COMPARATIVE TAliLE OF THE TEAES OF THE A.H. A.D. 1 A.U. A.D. 701 13. )1 . 8ei)t. 6 751 1350 . . Mnr. 11 702 1302 . . Aug. 26 752 1351 . . l\b. 28 703 1303 . „ 15 753 1352 . • „ 18 704 1304 . 4 754 1353 . 6 705 1305 . July 24 755 1354 . Jan. 26 706 1306 . . „ 13 756 1355 . „ 16 707 1307 . „ 3 757 1356 . 5 708 1308 . June 21 758 1356 . Dec. 25 709 1309 . „ 11 759 1357 . „ 14 710 1310 . May 31 760 1358 . „ 3 711 1311 . ,. 20 761 1359 . Nov. 23 712 1312 . „ 9 762 1360 . „ 11 713 1313 . April 28 763 1361 . Oct. 31 714 1314 . „ 17 764 1362 . „ 21 715 1315 . ., 7 765 1363 . „ 10 716 1316 . Mar. 26 766 1364 . Sept. 28 717 1317 . „ 16 767 1365 . „ 18 718 1318 . ,, 5 768 1366 . „ 7 719 1319 . Feb. 22 769 1367 . Aug. 28 720 1320 . „ 12 770 1368 . „ 16 721 1321 . Jan. 31 771 1369 . ,, 5 722 1322 . „ 20 772 1370 . July 26 723 1323 . „ 10 773 1371 . „ 15 724 1323 . Dec. 30 774 1372 . „ 3 725 1324 . „ 18 775 1373 . . June 23 726 1325 . 8 776 1374 . . „ 12 727 1326 . Nov. 27 777 1375 . „ 2 728 1327 . „ 17 778 1376 . . May 21 729 1328 . „ 5 779 1377 . . „ 10 730 1329 . Oct. 25 780 1378 . April 30 731 1330 . „ 15 781 1379 . . „ 19 732 1331 . 4 782 1380 . „ 7 733 1332 . Sept. 22 783 1381 . . Mar. 28 734 1333 . ,; 12 784 1382 . . „ 17 735 1334 . 1 785 1383 . . „ 6 736 1335 . . Aug. 21 786 1384 . . Feb. 24 737 1336 . „ 10 787 1385 . . „ 12 738 1337 . July 30 788 1386 . „ 2 739 1338 . „ 20 789 1387 . Jan. 22 740 1339 . „ 9 790 1388 . . „ 11 741 1340 . June 27 791 1388 . Dec. 31 71-2 1341 . „ 17 792 1389 . „ 20 743 1342 . . „ 6 793 1390 . . 9 744 1343 . May 26 794 1391 . . Nov. 29 745 1341, . . „ 15 795 1392 . . „ 17 746 1345 . . „ 4 796 1393 . . „ 6 747 1346 . April 24 797 1394 . . Oct. 27 748 1347 . „ 13 798 1395 . . „ 16 749 1348 . „ 1 799 1396 . . >, 5 750 1349 . . Mar. 22 800 1397 . . Sept. 24 HIJBAH AND OF TUK CHUISTIAN ERA. 193 A.H. A.D. J AH. A.D. 801 1398 . . Sept. 13 851 1447 . . Mar. 19 802 1399 . . „ 3 852 1448 . „ 7 803 1400 . . Aug. 22 853 1449 . . Feb. 24 804 1401 . . M 11 854 1450 . ., 14 805 1402 . • ., 1 855 1451 . ■ „ 3 806 1403 . . July 21 856 1452 . . Jan. 23 807 1404 . „ 10 857 1453 . „ 12 808 14^J5 . . June 29 858 1454 . 1 809 1406 . • „ 18 859 1454 . . Dec. 22 810 1407 . „ 8 860 1455 . „ 11 811 1408 . . May 27 861 1456 . . Nov. 29 812 1409 . • „ 16 862 1457 . • „ 19 813 1410 . 6 863 1458 . 8 814 1411 . . April 25 864 1459 . . Oct. 28 815 1412 . . „ 13 865 1460 . „ 17 816 1413 . . „ 3 866 1461 . „ 6 817 1414 . . Mar. 23 867 1462 . Sr-pt. 26 818 1415 . M 13 868 1463 . „ 15 819 1416 . „ 1 869 1464 . ,, 3 820 1417 . Feb. 18 870 1465 . Aug. 24 821 1418 . „ 8 871 1466 . „ 13 822 1419 . Jan. 28 872 1467 . „ 2 823 1420 . ,, 17 873 1468 . July 22 824 1421 . ,, 6 874 1469 . „ 11 825 1421 . Dec. 26 875 1470 . . June 30 826 1422 . ,. 15 876 1471 . „ 20 827 1423 . ,. 5 877 1472 . . „ 8 828 1424 . Nov. 23 878 1473 . . May 29 829 1425 . „ 13 879 1474 . . ,, 18 830 1426 . „ 2 880 1475 . . •' . ^ 831 1427 . Oct. 22 881 1476 . . April 26 832 1428 . ,. 11 882 1477 . . „ 15 833 1429 . Sept. 30 883 1478 . . 4 834 1430 . . ., 19 884 1479 . . Mar. 25 835 1431 . . „ 9 885 1480 . . „ 13 836 1432 . . Aug. 28 886 1481 . . „ 2 837 1433 . . „ 18 887 1482 . . Feb. 20 838 1434 . . ,. 7 888 1483 . . 9 839 1435 . . July 27 889 1484 . . Jan. 30 840 1436 . . „ 16 890 1485 . . ,. 18 841 1437 . . ., 5 891 1486 . . „ 7 842 1438 . . June 24 892 1486 . . Dec. 28 843 1439 . . „ 14 893 1487 . . M 17 844 1440 . . „ 2 894 1488 . . ,. 5 845 1441 . . May 22 895 1489 . . Nov. 25 846 1442 . . ,, 12 896 1490 . . „ 14 847 1443 . . 1 897 1491 . . „ 4 848 1444 . . April 20 898 1492 . . Oct. 23 849 1445 . . „ 9 899 1493 . . ,, 12 850 1446 . . Mar. 29 900 1494 . . „ 2 c c 194 COMPAEATIVE TABLE OF THE TEARS OF THE A.n. AD. A.H. A.D. 901 1495 . . Sept. 21 951 1544 . . Mar. 25 902 1496 . . .; 9 952 1545 . . „ 15 903 1497 . . Aug. 30 953 1546 . . 4 904 1498 . . „ 19 954 1547 . . Feb. 21 905 1499 . . „ 8 955 1548 . . .. 11 906 15(X) . . J..ly 28 956 1549 . . Jan. 30 907 1501 . . „ 17 957 1550 . . „ 20 908 1502 . . „ 7 958 1551 . . „ 9 909 1503 . . June 26 959 1551 . . Dec. 29 910 1504 . . „ 14 960 1552 . . „ 18 911 1505 . . 4 961 1553 . . „ 7 912 1506 . . May 24 962 1554 . . Nov. 26 913 1507 . . „ 13 963 1555 . . „ 16 914 1508 . . „ 2 964 1556 . . ,, 4 915 1509 . . April 21 965 1557 . . Oct. 24 916 1510 . . ,, 10 966 1558 . . „ 14 917 1511 . . Mar. 31 967 1559 . . „ 3 918 1512 . . „ 19 968 1560 . . Sept. 22 919 1513 . . 9 969 1561 . . „ 11 920 1514 . . Feb. 26 970 1562 . . Aug. 31 921 1515 . „ 15 971 1563 . „ 21 922 1516 . » 5 972 1564 . 9 923 1517 . Jan. 24 973 1565 . July 29 924 1518 . „ 13 974 1566 . „ 19 925 1519 . „ 3 975 1567 . 8 926 1519 . Dec. 23 976 156S . June 26 927 1520 . ,, 12 977 1569 . „ 16 928 1521 . 1 978 1570 . 5 929 1522 . Nov. 20 979 1571 . May 26 930 1523 . „ 10 980 1572 . . „ 14 931 1524 . . Oet. 29 981 1573 . 3 932 1525 . . „ 18 982 1574 . . April 23 933 1526 . • „ 8 983 1575 . . ,. 12 934 1527 . . Sept. 27 984 1576 . . Mar. 31 935 1528 . . „ 15 985 1577 . „ 21 936 1529 . . „ 5 986 1578 . „ 10 937 1530 . . Aug. 25 987 1579 . . Feb. 28 938 1531 . . „ 15 988 1580 . . „ 17 939 1532 . . „ 3 989 1581 . 5 940 1533 . . July 23 990 1582 . . Jan. 26 941 1534 . „ 13 991 1583 . . „ 25* 942 1535 . 2 992 1584 . „ 14 943 1536 . . June 20 993 1585 . 3 941 1537 . „ 10 994 1585 . . Dec. 23 945 1538 . . May 30 995 1586 . . „ 12 946 1539 . . „ 19 990 1587 . O 9t7 1540 . s 997 1588 . '. Nov. 20 018 1541 . . April 27 998 1589 . .. 10 949 1512 . .. 17 999 1590 . . Oct. 30 950 1543 . 6 10(J0 1591 . . „ 19 Hero the cbaTifjo to the GrcKurian New St3-lc occur?. nrJUAH AND OF THE ClIUISTIAN EKA. 1135 AH. A.D. A.H. AD. 1(X)1 1592 . O.-t. 8 1051 1641 . ADrill2 10()2 1593 . Sept. 27 1052 1642 . 1 1(303 1594 . „ 16 1053 1643 . Mar. 22 1(KJ4 1595 . ., 6 1054 1644 . „ 10 1005 1596 . Aug. 25 1055 1645 . P.'b. 27 1006 1597 . „ 14 1056 1646 . ., 17 1007 1598 . 4 1057 1647 . ., 6 1008 1599 . July 24 1058 1648 . Jan. 27 1009 1600 . „ 13 1059 1649 . „ 15 1010 1601 . „ 2 1060 1650 . „ 4 1011 1602 . June 21 1061 1650 . Dec. 25 1012 1603 . „ 11 1062 1651 . „ 14 1013 1604 . May 30 1063 1652 . „ 2 1011 1605 . ., 19 1064 1653 . Nov. 22 101 o 1606 . 9 1065 1654 . „ 11 1016 1607 . April 28 1066 1655 . 0, t. 31 1017 1608 . „ 17 1067 1656 . „ 20 1018 1609 . ♦5 1068 1657 . 9 1019 1610 . Mar. 26 1069 1658 . Sept. 29 1020 1611 . „ 16 1070 1659 . „ 18 1021 1612 . 4 1071 1660 . „ 6 1022 1613 . Feb. 21 1072 1661 . Aug. 27 1023 1614 . „ 11 1073 1663 . „ 16 1024 1615 . Jan. 31 1074 1663 . ., 5 1025 1616 . ., 20 1075 1664 . July 25 1026 1617 . M 9 1076 1665 . „ 14 1027 1617 . Dec. 29 1077 1666 . 4 1028 1618 . „ 19 1078 1667 . June 23 1029 1619 . ., 8 1079 1668 . „ 11 1030 1620 . Nov. 26 1080 1669 . 1 1031 1621 . „ 16 1081 1670 . May 21 1032 1622 . „ 5 1082 1671 . „ 10 1033 1623 . Oct. 25 1083 1672 . April 29 1034 1624 . „ 14 1084 1673 . „ 18 1035 1625 . „ 3 1085 1674 . ., 7 1036 1626 . Sept. 22 1086 1675 . . Mar. 28 1037 1627 . „ 12 1087 1676 . „ 16 1038 1628 . Aug. 31 1088 1677 . „ 6 1039 1629 . ., 21 1089 1678 . Feb. 23 1040 1630 . „ 10 1090 1679 . ., 12 1041 1631 . July 30 1091 1680 . 2 1042 1632 . „ 19 1092 ]681 . Jan. 21 1043 1633 . „ 8 1093 1682 . „ 10 1044 1634 . June 27 1094 1682 . Dec. 31 1045 1635 . „ 17 1095 1683 . » 20 1046 1636 . 5 1096 1684 . 8 1047 1637 . M.y 26 1097 1685 . Nov. 28 1048 1638 . „ 15 1098 1686 . „ 17 1049 1639 . 4 1099 1687 . „ 7 1050 1640 . April23 1100 1688 . Oct. 26 ; 196 COMPABATITE TABLE OF THE TEAE3 OF THE A.H. A.D. A.H. A.D. 1101 1689 . Oct. 15 1151 1738 . . April 21 1102 1690 . „ 5 1152 1739 . . „ 10 1103 1691 . . Sept. 24 1153 1740 . . Mar. 29 1104 1692 . . ,. 12 1154 1741 . . „ 19 1105 1693 . ., 2 1155 1742 . „ 8 1106 1694 . . Aug. 22 1156 1743 . . Feb. 25 1107 1695 . „ 12 1157 1744 . ,, 15 1108 1696 . July 31 1158 1745 . „ 3 1109 1697 . „ 20 1159 1746 . Jan. 24 1110 1698 . „ 10 1160 1747 . „ 13 1111 1699 . June 29 1161 1748 . „ 2 1112 1700 . „ 18 1162 1748 . Dec. 22 1113 1701 . „ 8 1163 1749 . „ 11 1114 1702 . May 28 1164 1750 . „ 30 1115 1703 . „ 17 1165 1751 . Nov. 20 1116 1704 . • „ 6 1166 1752 . „ 8 1117 1705 . April 25 1167 1753 . Oct. 29 1118 1706 . „ 15 1168 1754 . „ 18 1119 1707 . ., 4 1169 1755 . „ 7 1120 1708 . xMar. 23 1170 1756 . Sept. 26 1121 1709 . ., 13 1171 1757 . „ 15 1122 1710 . ,. 2 1172 1758 . „ 4 1123 1711 . Feb. 19 1173 1759 . Aug. 25 1124 1712 . „ 9 1174 1760 . „ 13 1125 1713 . Jan. 28 1175 1761 . „ 2 1126 1714 . „ 17 1176 1762 . July 23 1127 1715 . „ 7 1177 1763 . ,, 12 1128 1715 . Dec. 27 1178 1764 . „ 1 1129 1716 . M 16 1179 1765 . June 20 1130 1717 . „ 5 1180 1766 . 9 1131 1718 . Nov. 24 1181 1767 . May 30 1132 1719 . „ 14 1182 1768 . „ 18 1133 1720 . „ 2 1183 1769 . „ 7 1134 1721 . Oct. 22 1184 1770 . April 27 1135 1722 . „ 12 1185 1771 . „ 16 1136 1723 . ., 1 1186 1772 . „ 4 1137 1724 . Sept. 20 1187 1773 . Mar. 25 1138 1725 . „ 9 1188 1774 . „ 14 1139 1726 . . Aug. 29 1189 1775 . „ 4 1140 1727 . „ 19 1190 1776 . Feb. 21 1141 1728 . „ 7 1191 1777 . „ 9 1142 1729 . July 27 1192 1778 . Jan. 30 1143 1730 . „ 17 1193 1779 . „ 19 1144 1731 . 6 1194 1780 . ., 8 1145 1732 . . June 24 1195 1780 . Dec. 28 1146 1733 . „ 14 1196 1781 . „ 17 1147 1734 . „ 3 1197 1782 . „ 7 1148 1735 . . Mny 24 1198 1783 . Nov. 26 1149 1736 . ,. 12 1199 1784 . ., 14 1160 1737 . „ 1 1200 1785 . ., 4 HIJRAU AND OF THE CHEISTIAN EEA. 197 A.H. A.D. A.H. A.D. 1201 1786 . . Oct. 24 1251 1835 . . April29 1202 1787 . „ 13 1252 1836 . • ., 18 1203 1788 , „ 2 1253 1837 . . „ 7 12(M 1789 . . Sept. 21 1254 1838 . . Mar. 27 1205 1790 . . ,, 10 1255 1839 . • „ 17 1206 1791 . . Aug. 31 1256 1840 . „ 5 1207 1792 . ,, 19 1257 1841 . . Feb. 23 1208 1793 . „ 9 1258 1842 . „ 12 1209 1794 . . July 29 1259 1843 . . „ 1 1210 1795 . „ 18 1260 1844 . . Jan. 22 1211 1796 . „ 7 1261 1845 . „ 10 1212 1797 . . June 26 1262 1845 . . Dec. 30 1213 1798 . „ 15 1263 1846 . » 20 1214 1799 . „ 5 1264 1847 . „ 9 1215 1800 . . May 25 1265 1848 . . Nov. 27 1216 1801 . „ 14 1266 1849 . . M 17 1217 1802 . „ 4 1267 1850 . „ 6 1218 1803 . . April 23 1268 1851 . . Oct. 27 1219 1804 . „ 12 1269 1852 . „ 15 1220 1805 . ,. 1 1270 1853 . „ 4 1221 1806 . Mar. 21 1271 1854 . Sept. 24 1222 1807 . „ 1] 1272 1855 . ,. 13 1223 1808 . Feb. 28 1273 1856 . „ 1 1224 1809 . „ 16 1274 1857 . Aug. 22 1225 1810 . „ 6 1275 1858 . „ 11 1226 1811 . Jan. 26 1276 1859 . July 31 1227 1812 . „ 16 1277 1860 . „ 20 1228 1813 . „ 4 1278 1861 . „ 9 1229 1813 . Dec. 24 1279 1862 . June 29 1230 1814 . „ 14 1280 1863 . „ 18 1231 1815 . „ 3 1281 1864 . „ 6 1232 1816 . Nov. 21 1282 1865 . May 27 1233 1817 . „ 11 1283 1866 . „ 16 1234 1818 . Oct. 31 1284 1867 . „ 5 1235 1819 . „ 20 1285 1868 . Apiil24 1236 1820 . » 9 1286 1869 . „ 13 1237 1821 . Sept. 28 1287 1870 . . ,, 3 1238 1822 . „ 18 1288 1871 . Mar. 23 1239 1823 . ,, 7 1289 1872 . „ 11 1240 1824 . . Aug. 26 1290 1873 . . M 1 1241 1825 . . „ 16 1291 1874 . . Feb. 18 1242 1826 . . „ 5 1292 1875 . „ 7 1243 1827 . . July 25 1293 1876 . . Jan. 28 1244 1828 . . „ 14 1294 1877 . . „ 16 1245 1829 . . „ 3 1295 1878 . . „ 5 1246 1830 . . June 22 1296 1878 . . Dec. 26 1247 1831 . . M 12 1297 1879 . . „ 15 1248 1832 . . May 31 1298 1880 . . „ 4 1249 1833 . . ,. 21 1299 1881 . . Nov. 23 1250 1834 . . „ 10 1300 1882 . . „ 12 198 TABLE OF TEABS OF THE HIJRAH AND CHRISTIAN ERA. A.H. A.D. A.M. A.D. 1301 1883 . iSlov. '2 1310 1892 . July 20 1302 1884 . Oct. 21 1311 1893 . „ 15 1303 1885 . „ 10 1312 1894 . „ 5 1304 1886 . Sept. 30 1313 1895 . Juiie 24 1305 1887 . ,, 19 1314 1896 . „ 12 1306 1888 . „ 7 1315 1897 . „ 2 1307 1889 . Aug. 28 1316 1898 . May 22 1308 1890 . „ 17 1317 1899 . „ 13 1309 1891 . „ 7 1318 1900 . „ 1 ( 199 ) NOTE. The preceding table has been compiled from Professor F. Wiistenfeld's Vergleichungs-Tahellen der Muhammedanischen und Christlichen Zeitrechnung, Leipzig, 185J?, which are identical with those given in Prinsep's Useful Tables, except that Prinsep adopts the English date of changing from the Old (Julian) to the New (Gregorian) style, and consequently omits 11 days on September ^, 1752 ; while Dr. Wiistenfeld makes the alteration of 9 days on the day when all Catholic Europe adopted the decision of the Bull of Pope Gregory XIII., viz. -^ October, 1582. As this is obviously the most general and proper date for the change of style, I have adopted Dr. Wiistenfeld's principle, and have not deferred a chronological change, which was adopted in 1582 by the chief nations of Europe of the time, until the necessity of the reform had at last been understood in England. The second column gives the Christian day and month in which the Hijrah year begins. The Muhammadan year consists of 354 days, with an inter- calary day added to the last month eleven times in thirty years (on the 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 15th, 18th, 21st, 24th, 28th, and 29th years of every thirty years). To find whether the intercalary day is to be added to any given year, divide the year by 30, and if any of the above numbers — 2, 5, 7, 10, &c. — remain over, the year is one of 355 days. E.g. 30 divides 1303 forty-three times, with 13 over ; therefore the Muhammadan year 1303, corresponding to our 1885-6, will contain 355 days. To find the exact Christian day corresponding to any given Muhammadan day is a simple matter of calculation. After due regard to the yesiv being Leap-year or not, the Muham- madan equivalent is obtained by reckoning up the days of the month, allowing 30 for Muharram the first month, 29 for Safar the second, and so alternately 30 and 29 to the end, when the intercalary day must be remembered. E.g. 21 November, 1884, is 31 days over the beginning of the Muhammadan year 1302, and would therefore be the 1st of Safar, 1302. fclLDEHT AMD HIVINGTOX, IIMITBD, 52, bl JOHN'S SQl'AEE, LONI'OX, B.C. . / PL. I ::.^?^fe: viTT^ ,.i^L^ MUHAMMAD I BN SAM, YlLDlZ. PL. n. ARAM_, ALTAMSH, Fl ROZ L, R I Z I YAH^ BA H RAM. ^e m PL.IU. Mf^g^ ^f^lyi /v, f.:-^ MASUD, MAHMUD, BALBAM^ KAI-KUBAD. PL. IV. . fi'roz n, ibrahi'mi, muhammadi, ^umar, MUBARAK I, KHUSRU. TAGHLAKI, MUHAMMAD IBNTAGHLAK. PL. VI. ^^\ ^<- J^^ '^^m 74 / -•. MUHAMMAD IBN TAGHLAK, MAHMUD, FIROZHI. PL. VII. TAGHLAK 11, ABU-BAKR^ MUHAMMAD EI SIKANDARI, MAHMUD U, N AS RAT^ MUBARAK II, MUHAMMAD IX 'ALIM. PL.VIU. -^J .S^' Ft ^\^\-U e^ 516 J^f^ \\^ f' <; ,2^ W.^^ BUHLOL, 51KANDAR, IBRAHIM LODl, SHER5HAH. PL. IX. ISLAM SHAH^ MUHAMMAD A D I L^ S 1 KA N DAR IE. ^ 'r-, ^rnf, A 000 001 875 i