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Wxz Jolk-^or^ (Sccietg, 
 
 FOE, COLLECTING AND PRINTING 
 
 EELICS OF POPULAR ANTIQUITIES, &c. 
 
 ESTABLISHED IN 
 
 THE YEAR MDCCCLXXYIII. 
 
 
 Alter et Idsm. 
 
 PUBLICATIONS 
 
 OF 
 
 THE FOLK-LORE SOCIETY. 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 [1892.] 
 
COUNCIL AND OFFICERS 
 
 Wxt Jfolk-^aa (Swietg, 
 
 G. Laurence GoMME, F.S.A. 
 
 Vtre-^Piegitrents. 
 Hon, J. Abercromby. 
 Andrew Lang, M.A. 
 The Right Hon. Sir John Lubbock, M.P., D.C.L., LL.D. 
 
 F.R.S., F.S.A. 
 Lieut. -Gen. Pitt-Rivers, D.C.L., F.Jl.S., F.S.A., etc. 
 Professor J. Rhys, M.A. 
 The Rev. Professor A. H. Sayce, M.A, 
 Edward B. Tylor, LL.D., F.R.S. 
 
 C. J. BiLLSON. 
 
 Dr. Karl Blind. 
 
 Edward Brabrook, F.S.A 
 
 Miss C. S. Burne. 
 
 Miss M. Roalfe Cox. 
 
 J. W. Crombie. 
 
 J. P. Emslie. 
 
 J. J. Foster. 
 
 J. G. Frazer, M.A. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. M. Gaster. 
 
 CTouttcil. 
 
 Prof. A. C. H addon, M.A. 
 E. Sidney Hartland, F.S.A. 
 T. W. E. Higgens. 
 Joseph Jacobs, B.A. 
 Brynmor Jones, LL.B., M.P. 
 
 W. F. KlRBY. 
 
 J. T. Naak£. 
 
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 T. Fairman Ordish, F.S.A. 
 
 Henry B. Wheatley, F.S.A. 
 
 i^on. Cr^asurer. 
 
 Edward Clodd, 19, Carleton Road, Tufnell Park, N. 
 
 atitritors. 
 
 G. L. Apperson. I F. Green. 
 
 sttvtiaxv, 
 
 F. A. Milne, M.A. 11, 0:d Square, Lincoln's Inn, London, W.C, 
 
zm 
 
 CINDERELLA 
 
 Cljree l:)imlire5 ano JTortp-fibe Fariante 
 
 CINDERELLA, CATSKIN, AND CAP O' RUSHES, ABSTRACTED 
 
 AND TABULATED, WITH A DISCUSSION 
 
 OF MEDIEVAL ANALOGUES, 
 
 AND NOTES, 
 
 BY 
 
 MARIAN ROALFE COX. 
 
 fflHitt an JntrotJtidion tig 
 ANDREW LANG, M.A. 
 
 \ 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PUBLISHED FOR THE FOLK-LORE SOCIETY 
 
 BY DAVID NUTT, 270-271, STRAND. 
 
 1893. 
 
C4-C 
 
 MINERAL 
 
 LONDON : 
 PRINTED BY CHAS. J. CI-ARK, 4, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS W.C. 
 
■ PREFACE ^^ 
 
 ■" Bibliographical Index . .... . Ixxiii 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 _ PAGE 
 
 Introduction. By Andrew Lang, M.A. 
 
 
 PART I. 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 'A. Cinderella 
 
 
 I 
 
 ^r 
 
 b. Catskin 
 
 . 
 
 5.3 
 
 Abstracts . . - 
 
 C. Cap o' Rushes . 
 
 
 . 80 
 
 
 d. Indeterminate 1 f 
 
 pp. 87-100) 
 „ 101-104) 
 
 . 87 
 
 
 PART II. 
 
 
 
 Tabulations 
 
 1 
 
 • 
 
 . 123 
 
 
 PART III. 
 
 
 
 E. Hero Tales 
 
 f Abstracts . 
 .Tabulations 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 • 
 
 • 437 
 
 • 447 
 
 
 (A. Cinderella 
 
 . 
 
 • 465 
 
 Abstracts . . - 
 
 B. Catskin 
 
 
 468 
 
 
 [c. Cap o' Rushes . 
 
 
 . 469 
 
 Notes . - . 
 
 • 
 
 
 . 473 
 
 Additional Variani 
 
 s 
 
 . 
 
 533 
 
 121170 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 Page 13 (and p. 203), for date of Cur tin ^ ^^70, read 1890. 
 51 (and p. 427), for Woycicki r^<a:^ Wojcicki. 
 85, for title of No. 222 read "Marie la Fille du Roi". 
 94 (and p. 278), for Koylowski read Kozlowski. 
 102, for Dizon read Dixon. 
 
 108 (and p. 204), in No. 280 delete stop after Samfundets. 
 17$, for Varmland read Varmland. 
 397, for Fjeldbygdune read Fjeldbygderne. 
 „ 449, for Korsbury read Korsbury. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 In fulfilment of the Rash Vow of Folk-lore, I offer a few words on 
 Miss Cox's collection of Cinderella stories. On the first view of 
 her learned and elaborate work I was horrified at the sight of 
 these skeletons of the tale. It was as if one had a glimpse into 
 the place, where Hop o' my Thumb's Giant kept the bones of his 
 little victims. Dry bones of child-like and charming tales are 
 these, a place of many skulls. But science needs horrors of this 
 kind, it seems, and I have wandered in Miss Cox's collection with 
 admiration of her industry and method, with some despair, too, as 
 to the possibility of ever tracing the Cinderella type to its origin 
 and home. However, a rash vow must be kept, and an Introduc- 
 tion must be written, though "good wine needs no bush", and I 
 conceive that Miss Cox, who knows so much about Cinderella, 
 would do what is needful better than I, who only know a few 
 Cmderellas familiarly and well. 
 
 The fundamental idea of Cinderella, I suppose, is this : a person 
 j in a mean or obscure position, by means of supernatural assist- 
 / tance, makes a good marriage. This, of course, is the funda- 
 mental idea of Puss in Boots. In the former tale the person is 
 usually a girl, in the latter a man. In both tales the supernatural 
 aid, always in Puss in Boots, often in Cinderella, is given by a 
 beast. Granting the existence of this idea, almost any incidents 
 
 I\ out of the treasure of popular fancy may be employed to enrich 
 [ and complicate the plot, 'taking Perrault's literary version as the 
 /normal type, the incidents are those of the Unkind Stepmother, 
 the Jealous Sisters, the recognition of the heroine by her shoe,— 
 i and the hostile persons may be forgiven or punished, according to 
 / the taste and fancy of the narrator. Now the cruel stepmother, 
 the competitive sisters, arrange themselves round other central 
 ideas of mdrchen, as round that of the bride who loses her lord by 
 
 ir 
 
Vm INTRODUCTION. 
 
 breaking a nuptial taboo — for example, in Cupid and Psyche. 
 In that class of tales they may be forgiven ; or we may have the 
 " Villain Nemesis" ; that is, they may be punished. Again, another 
 popular incident may be introduced, a bird may reveal the secret. 
 But this, too, is not peculiar to Cinderella ; it occurs in all sorts cf 
 plots : the revealing animals are wood-worms in a mdrchen which 
 survives in a scholion to the Iliad. Once more, the shoe need not 
 bring about the recognition : that may be done by a ring, or a lock 
 of hair, or otherwise. As far as I can see, the number of po jsible 
 combinations resulting in a story recognisably similar to Cinderella 
 are infinite. Now, I would only regard such stories as nxessarily 
 borrowed, or transmitted, when the chain and sequence ci incidents 
 keeps close to a given-type ; we may choose Perraulfs' as~the~^ype, 
 merely by way of illustration. Given a widower, his daughter, his 
 \ second wife, her daughters, ill-treatment of his daughter, her 
 \ supernatural aid to social successes, her disappearance, and recog- 
 \ nition by lock of hair, ring, or shoe — given all these, in their 
 sequence, and we have borrowing or transmission of a tale, as far 
 as we can reason on chances of possible coincidence. Make the 
 giver of supernatural aid a beast, bequeathed by a dead mother, 
 or that dead mother in a new animal form, and we have a more 
 archaic shape, but still the same tale, the same plot, probably the 
 same original narrative. Dead mother as beast seems most 
 archaic, see the last variant (p. 534); then beast bequeathed by 
 dead mother ; then fairy godmothen 
 
 While this plot and sequence is adhered to, we seem to 
 
 see one original combination in different guises. Granting this 
 
 much, if we want to go further, and look for the cradle of the 
 
 story, whence it was originally diffused, we take up Miss Cox's 
 
 book. ' Let us adopt the hypothesis, to please M. Cosquin, that 
 
 ^ India is the fountain of these narratives. We look up India on 
 
 j p. xxxi, and find that the tale occurs in Bombay, Madras, and 
 
 Salsette. In the first and last the tale is in form A. " ill-treated 
 
 KTieroine ; recognition by means of shoe.'' In the case of Bombay, 
 
 as far as the summary shows (p. 11), it is very normal. The 
 
 heroine is aided by a cow : a cock is the bird-witness : a shoe 
 
INTRODUCTION. ix 
 
 helps the recognition : the foes are punished. Which of the ideas 
 is peculiarly Indian ? 
 \Wt Then (p. 91) we have the "indeterminate" form of Madras. It 
 begins with a girl whose lips drop gems {Les Fees in Perrault). 
 Her life is in a necklace. (Separable Life: familiar everywhere, 
 as in ancient Egypt, Maspero, Contes Egyptiens.) Lost shoe, as 
 in Rhodopis, in Herodotus. Owner found, then jealousy of 
 prince's first wife, and no more of Cinderella here, but plenty of 
 other popular incidents. The third case is not more valuable for 
 ur purpose. 
 If India preserves no more than this, why are we to look for 
 ^^^he origin of the story in India? The shoe occurs in Annam 
 IHip. 28) absolutely involved in a mass of other donnees, some 
 familiar in Cupid and Psyche^ some in all tales of Grateful Beasts ; 
 the Revenge is that of Thyestes, and of Gudrun on Atli. Ar- 
 menia (p. 4) mixes up " Little Brother and Little Sister 
 (Grimm) with a mass of casual incidents, as of heroine inside 
 fish; the story is a hotch-potch of story formulge. The other 
 Asiatic versions are of the Peau d'Ane variety. If India be the 
 centre, why have we so few Indian examples; why, in lands 
 relatively near India, is the tale so corrupted from the type which 
 we have chosen ; how do v/e know that the tale was not carried 
 into India? 
 
 / If we look at Europe, there is always the chance that a book so 
 popular as Perrault's suggested the form which the tale has taken. 
 Our only standard, as far as I can see, is archaism, the presence 
 of elements more barbaric than Perrault offers. Such elements 
 ■ ■are unlikely to have been added to Perrault; more probably he, 
 fBfer earlier French taste, discarded them. In 3 (p. 2), from the 
 Riviera, we see Perrault's Fairy Godmother mixed up with a more 
 archaic form in a foolish way : perhaps there is here an infusion 
 from the literary version. 
 
 One method we might use, we might examine the tale in the 
 form which it assumes among the most primitive peoples. From 
 America Miss Cox only cites examples of Brazil, Chili, and the West 
 Indies : in all of which European importation is probable or certain. 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I confess that I see little hope of light from savage lands, unless we 
 can find a race so remote and untouched by Europe that it can 
 hardly have borrowed, or unless we discover mdrchen recorded by 
 old travellers and missionaries. I have cited a few in various 
 works on the topic. The Zulus can scarcely have imported their 
 large store of mdrchen recently, but these may have filtered south 
 from old Egypt, or through the Arabs or other builders of the cities 
 in Mashonaland. The cases of Samoa and the Huarochiris seem 
 the most singular; the mdrchen have long been part of the 
 national divine and heroic myths. Among forms from remote 
 peoples, Miss Cox only gives the Kaffir "Wonderful Horns". 
 Here, with a boy for hero, we have elements of " The Black Bull 
 of Norroway": the Cinderella feature is the winning of a marriage 
 by help of a costly mantle and ornaments magically provided. I 
 do not believe this tale to be of recent importation. 
 
 One thing is plain, a naked and shoeless race could not have 
 invented Cinderella. Beyond this I cannot go. As far as the 
 evidence proves, any incident or incidents of the common store 
 may be interwoven in any sequence. But certain sequences have 
 been the fittest, and have therefore survived, ^he sequence 
 in Perrault has been among the fittest, and I can believe that this 
 particular arrangement was invented once for all. But all the 
 elements appear in other combinations. Jealous stepmother and 
 sisters ; magical aid by a beast ; a marriage won by gifts magically 
 provided; a bird revealing a secret; a recognition by aid of a 
 ring, or shoe, or what not ; a denouement of punishment ; a happy 
 marriage — all those things, which, in this sequence, make up 
 Cinderella^ may and do occur in an incalculable number of other 
 combinations. 
 
 The mdrchen is a kaleidoscope : the incidents are the bits 
 of coloured glass. Shaken, they fall into a variety of attractive 
 forms; some forms are fitter than others, survive more powerfully, 
 and are more widely spread. This is the limit of my theorising 
 on the affirmative side. Xto the negative, I see no reason for 
 expecting to find any centre of origin, and no evidence for India 
 as that centre. On the anthropological side, I think that we find 
 
 ( 
 
I 
 
 INTRODUCTION. Xl 
 
 the origin of many incidents in the early mental habits of man- 
 kind, and of a few in early custom. 
 
 Being unable to throw any more light on Cinderella^ I may 
 take advantage of the opportunity to show what I think about 
 Popular Tales, their origin and diffusion, as, from certain criticisms, 
 my position seems not to be understood. This may be chiefly 
 my fault, partly that of other antiquaries, who, I think, incHne to 
 credit me with notions which I do not entertain. These criticisms 
 were expressed at the Folk-lore Congress of 1891, in papers 
 which I was not fortunate enough to hear, and I have only now 
 ead them in the records of the Congress. The results at which 
 I arrived, provisionally as it were, have been a good deal criticised, 
 as by Mr. Jacobs and M. Cosquin, the author of the learned and 
 valuable Contes de Lorraine?- Perhaps I may now offer a few 
 remarks on their criticisms. It is hardly worth while to answer 
 a suggestion that I am indifferent to the literary merit of the 
 tales, or ignorant of the constructive art which is sometimes, by 
 no means always, displayed in the composition of Cinderella^ for 
 example. Ever since I could read, and long before I ever 
 dreamed that fairy-tales might be a matter of curious discussion, 
 those tales have been my delight. I heard them told by other 
 children as a child, I even rescued one or two versions which 
 seem to have died out of oral tradition in Lowland Scots ; I con- 
 fess that I still have a child-like love of a fairy-story for its own 
 sake ; and I have done my best to circulate Fairy Books among 
 children. Coming from childhood into the light of common day, 
 I found certain theories of popular tales chiefly current. They 
 were regarded as the detritus of Myths, the last echo of 
 stories of Gods and Heroes, surviving among the people. These 
 myths, again, were explained, by the schools of Schwartz, Kuhn, 
 Max Miiller, as myths either of storm, thunder, and lightning, or 
 of the Sun and Dawn. Further, the myths, and also the tales, were 
 believed to be essentially and exclusively Aryan, parts of the common 
 Aryan heritage, brought from the cradle of the Aryan race. The solar 
 
 A Paris, 1886. See Mr. Jacobs on the Science vf Folk-tales, and M. Cosquin, 
 Incidents Communs, in International Folk-lore Congress, 1891 (Nutt). 
 
 ^ft&e^ Incidents 
 
 L 
 
Xll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and the elemental theories of the origin of myths, and of their 
 detritus, popular tales, did not convince me. The linguistic pro- 
 cesses by which words and phrases of forgotten meaning developed 
 into the myths, did not seem to me to be satisfactory solutions. 
 I observed that tales similar to the Aryan in incident and plot 
 existed in non-Aryan countries — Africa, Samoa, New Guinea, 
 North and Central America, Finland, among the Samoyeds, and 
 so forth. As it was then denied that tales were lent and borrowed, 
 from people to people, I looked for an explanation of the 
 similarities. The same stories were not likely to be evolved 
 among peoples who did, and peoples who did not, speak an 
 Ar}'an language, if language misunderstood was the source of 
 tales. I also reached the conclusion that, when similar incidents 
 and plot occurred in a Greek heroic myth (say the Argonautic 
 Legend or the Odyssey) and in popular tales current in Finland, 
 Samoa, Zululand, the tales are not the detritus of the heroic myth, 
 but the epic legend, as of Jason or Odysseus, is an artistic and 
 literary modification of the more ancient tale. The characters 
 of the tale are usually anonymous, and the places are vague and 
 nameless. The characters of the epic are named, they are national 
 heroes ; the events are localised ; they occur in Greece, Colchis, 
 and so forth. So I concluded that the donnee was ancient 
 and popular, the epic was comparatively recent and artistic. 
 Next I observed that the tales generally contained, while the epics 
 usually discarded, many barbaric incidents, such as cannibalism, 
 magic, talking animals. Further, I perceived that the tales varied 
 in " culture" with the civilisation of the people who told them. 
 Among savages, say Bushmen, or in a higher grade Zulus, the 
 characters were far more frequently animals than in European 
 mdrchen. The Bushman girl who answers to Medea is not the 
 daughter of a wizard king, but the wife of an elephant. The 
 same peculiarity marks savage religious myths. The gods are 
 beasts or birds. These facts led me to suppose that the tales 
 were very ancient, and had been handed down, with a gradual 
 refining, from ages of savagery to ages of civilisation. But the 
 peasant class which retains the tales has been so conservative 
 
or THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY » 
 
 XIU 
 
 and unaltered, that many of the wilder features of the original 
 tale (discarded in early artistic and national epic) linger on in 
 mdrcJien. Thus, va most peasant versions of the Cinderella 
 theme, the wonder-working character is a beast, a sheep in Scot- 
 land ; sometimes that beast has been the heroine's mother. In 
 our usual Cinderella^ derived from Perrault's version (1697), the 
 wonder-working character is a fairy godmother. Thus I seemed 
 to detect a process of genealogy like this : 
 
 Original Tale, probably of Savage Origin. 
 Popular Tale of Peasants. 
 
 Ancient Literary Heroic Myth, Modern Literary Version. 
 
 (Homer. Cyclic Poems. Arg07iautica. (Perrault.) 
 
 Lays of Sigurd. Nibdungenlied. 
 Perseus Myth, etc.) 
 
 Discovering an apparent process of refinement and elaboration, 
 and behind that ideas very barbaric, I examined the more peculiar 
 incidents of popular tales. Talking beasts are common, beasts 
 acting as men are common : no less common, among savages, is 
 the frame of mind in which practically no distinction is taken 
 between gods, beasts, and men. The more barbaric the people, 
 the more this lack of distinction marks their usages, ritual, myth, 
 and tales. Of magic and cannibalism it is needless to speak. The 
 more civilised the people, the less of these elements appears in 
 their ritual, usage, and myth : most survives in their popular tales, 
 and even in these it is gradually mitigated. My conclusion was 
 that the tales dated from an age of savage fancy. 
 
 Lastly, I seemed to note, in European popular tales, some relics 
 of ancient legal custom. The constant preference of the young- 
 est child, boy or girl, might conceivably point to a time when the 
 youngest child was the heir, as in Borough English : a very wide- 
 spread custom. On this I would not now lay stress ; another 
 natural reason may suggest the favour always shown to Benjamin. 
 Besides, in adventures, if there is to be accumulating interest, 
 
 meone must fail ; the elder sons would attempt the adventure 
 
 I 
 
XIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 first : consequently the youngest must be the successful hero. I 
 have endeavoured to reverse the process in the History of Prince 
 Prigio. VOn the other hand, I still incline to believe that the pro- 
 hibitions on naming or seeing the bride, with the supernatural 
 sanction of punishment for infringing the taboo, account for the 
 central incidents in stories like Cupid and Psyche^ If this be ad- 
 mitted, it points to a very remote origin. of the tale, in an ancient 
 stratum of custom, obsolete in Europe. This, in itself, is a 
 curious little piece of human history, (^gain, the setting of a man 
 to do dangerous feats, before he can win his bride, is a matter of 
 known custom^ In heroic Greece, a bride was usually bought, 
 as now among the Zulus, by a price of oxen. But a man might 
 make the accomplishment of difficult feats the price of his 
 daughter's hand; such feats are the winning of the oxen of Iphiclus, 
 the sowing of the dragon's teeth. The result of all these con- 
 siderations would be that tales were first told when the incidents 
 in them, so astonishing to a civilised mind, were matters of 
 ordinary belief and custom, when beasts might act like men, 
 when there were nuptial taboos, when magic and cannibalism 
 were prevalent. The incidents would no more startle people in 
 fiction then, than a duel, a stolen child, a discovered will, startle 
 novel-readers now. But, as Sainte-Beuve says, had we inherited no 
 fairy-tales, and started to tell nursery-tales in full civilisation, the 
 incidents of Puss in Boots would not have been invented. 
 
 That is all my theory : the tales are of immense antiquity, and 
 date from a period of wild fancy, like that in which the more 
 backward races are still or were yesterday. 
 
 I have disclaimed any theory about the original Home, or the 
 diffusion of the tales. I have frequently shown the many ways in 
 which a tale, once conceived, might be diffused or transmitted. 
 It might be carried by women, compelled, by the law of exogamy, 
 to marry into an alien group. It might be carried by slaves all 
 across Africa, and, in old times, to America. A slave of Javan 
 might tell a Greek tale among Phoenicians or Assyrians. Soldiers 
 of Alexander might carry them to Egypt. A viking expedition of 
 early Greeks in Egypt, such as Odysseus describes (Odyssey^ xiv, 
 
w. 
 
 262-270, n 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 
 262-275), might carry off an Egyptian captive with his tales, or the 
 Greek himself might be taken and sold, with his tales, into Libya. 
 Tales might come and go, north and south, with the amber on 
 the Sacred Way. How tales known in the old world could be 
 carried to the Huarochiris, subjects of the Incas, or to Samoa, 
 and there get incrusted in the sacred national myths^ entirely puzzles 
 me, nor can I very readily see how a whole mass of our tales came 
 to be diffused among Zulus and Bushmen, Red Indians and 
 Eskimo. But *' anything might happen in the great backward 
 of time", as Aristotle says. I do not deny that such diffusion and 
 transmission is possible. 
 
 On the other hand, I have frequently said that, given a similar 
 state of taste and fancy, similar beliefs, similar circumstances, a 
 similar tale might conceivably be independently evolved in regions 
 remote from each other. We know that similar patterns, similar 
 art (compare Aztec and Mycenaean pottery in the British 
 Museum), have thus been independently evolved ; so have similar 
 cosmic myths, similar fables, similar riddles, similar proverbs, 
 similar customs and institutions. Mr. Eraser's learned -and 
 copious work. The Golden Bought is full of examples. All 
 history is full of examples, and the Spanish missionaries met 
 Baptism, Confession, and a ghastly Communion in Mexico. Is it 
 impossible, then, that, out of similar materials, similar mdrchen 
 might be independently evolved ? 
 
 Here M. Cosquin says that, in certain cases at least, it is im- 
 possible. He may be right, I am not indissolubly wedded to the 
 theory of possible independent evolution of stories akin let us 
 say, to Cupid and Psyche. As to that tale, and most others, M. 
 Cosquin claims for it an Indian origin. Now, I will grant, for the 
 sake of argument, that this, that, and the other tale may have an 
 original home, was invented once for all, and was diffused into all 
 the regions where it is found. But why is India to be that original 
 home? Here I cannot agree with M. Cosquin. I have shown, 
 in minute detail, that no single incident, or custom, or idea, in 
 Cupid and Psyche^ is peculiar to India. All are either universally 
 human, or incidental to a certain ancient state of society, which 
 
XVI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 has left traces everywhere. As M. Cosquin is well aware, our 
 oldest miirchen in literary form are derived from an Egyptian 
 papyrus of the age of the second Rameses.^ What reason can we 
 allege for supposing that Egypt borrowed them from India, or 
 India from Egypt ? We have no evidence at all as to their place 
 of origin. Again, we have the well-known mdrchen embodied 
 in the Odyssey^ the Perseus legend, the Jason legend, all much 
 older than Greek knowledge of India. The CycHc poems can 
 hardly be placed later than the eighth century B.C. In them we 
 find traces of the mdrchen of Keen Eye, the constant companion 
 of the hero in mdrchen^ as also of Jason.^ We have the pursuit 
 of Nemesis, who takes various animal forms, like a character in 
 the Mabinogion, and another in The Arabian Nights, and the 
 Giant in Puss and Boots. Hesiod shows us the transformed 
 character. Metis, swallowed by Zeus, when she is a fly, as the 
 Giant, in form of a mouse, is swallowed by Puss in Boots. Also, in 
 the Cypria we have the girls who produce corn, wine, and oil, as 
 in a Buddhist legend.'^ But this was Greek before Buddha was 
 born, what shows it to have been borrowed from India? The 
 story of the rescue of Hesione from the monster, a common oc- 
 currence in mdrchen, is ancient Greek : what has India to do with 
 the matter ? These reinforce the evidence of that regular mdrchen, 
 the Perseus tale, with the Cap of Darkness, a " property" of mdrchen 
 known to the Iliad. The Jason legend, as it stands, is a mass of 
 77idrchen; the first part is the flight of two children, known in 
 Samoyed (Castren), in Grimm, in modern Greek. The second 
 part is our Far-Travelled Tale. Our Odyssey is notoriously a 
 tissue of mdrchen. 
 
 If M. Cosquin still holds that all these, with the ancient Egyptian 
 story of Bitiou, came from India, it would be well for him to 
 demonstrate the point by evidence. (There is no trace of ancient 
 Egyptian or ancient Greek acquaintance with India. I am not 
 denying that the mdrchen of ancient Greece and Egypt may have 
 come from India, in course of commerce and slave-dealing. But 
 
 1 Maspero, Conies Egyptiens. ^ 
 
 2 Cypria. In Kinkel's Epicorjwi GrcBcoi'um Frapnenta, p. i8. 
 
 3 Op. cit., p. 29. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XVli 
 
 there is no evidence that East borrowed from West, or West from 
 East. Stories must have spread both ways, later, in Alexander's 
 conquest, and with Buddhist wanderers, and in commerce, the 
 Crusades, Arab adaptations done into Latin, into French, and so 
 on, but why should India be the original home of mdrchen? I 
 have destroyed the theory that the ideas and customs are peculiarly 
 Indian. I have shown that, if Fuss in Boots was originally Indian, 
 with a Buddhistic moral, gratitude to animals, that moral does not 
 occur in the Indian form of Puss ifi Boots} Till M. Cosquin 
 shows that the ancient Greek_and_E^yptian mdrchen originated in 
 India, a country unknown to ancient Greece and Egypt, I fear I 
 cannot be converted to his theory of India as the cradle of 
 mdrche?t\ 
 
 M. Cosquin {International Congress, p. 68) takes a case. A 
 girl is delivered to a dragon, and saved by the hero, who kills the 
 monster. I am supposed to call the sacrifice of a girl to a beast, 
 as an expiation, a " savage idea". Eh Men, I really cannot call it 
 civilised ! The west coast of Africa, where sharks do duty for 
 dragons, is the only place where I remember the rite in actual 
 practice. Garcilasso de la Vega mentions a similar custom in 
 Peru. Given the rite, the rescue would be heroic. So far, the 
 idea might be developed among any people who practise the rite. 
 But what follows? The hero falls asleep as he waits for the 
 monster ; the girl tends his hair (" catches vermin in it", not 
 a civilised attention, except in the case of Prince Charles in his 
 Highland distresses), twines a ring in the hair, sees the monster 
 approach, drops a hot tear which wakens the hero ; the dragon 
 cries, " Hullo, here's a pair of you !" This incident is found in 
 the Greek isle of Syra, in a modern Nubian story, details and 
 all, in Armenia; and the "burning tear" in Wallachian and 
 Swedish. 
 
 Do I believe that the details have been independently developed 
 in Syra, Nubia, Armenia? 
 
 Certainly I do not beHeve it. I believe the scene has been 
 invented, as it occurs in this tale, once for all, and diffused in the 
 various ways which I have suggested. 
 
 I PerrauU's Tales, Puss in Boots, 
 
XVIU INTRODUCTION. 
 
 But the sacrifice of the girl to the monster, her rescue by the 
 hero — do I believe that to be of Indian origin ? 
 
 Why should I believe that Perseus and Andromeda, Heracles 
 and Hesione, were borrowed from India by Greece before or 
 about Homer's time? I have no evidence to show whether 
 Greece borrowed the incident or not, and I believe the incident 
 might be invented wherever people were capable of sacrificing a 
 woman to a wild beast. That coincidence of fancy is as possible 
 as the Rescue from the Bull in modern novels. 
 
 Again, I do not say that, if we find nuptial taboos in a story in 
 a given country, therefore that country once practised nuptial 
 taboos. I believe that the nuptial taboo accounts for the origin 
 of the incident in the tale, but the tale may have been borrowed, 
 and the taboo may never have been practised in the country 
 where we find the story. 
 
 I cannot guess why I am supposed to lay stress on this theory 
 of independent evolution of tales. In the conclusion of " A Far- 
 Travelled Tale" (in Custom and Myth) I give the three hypotheses, 
 " that all wits jumped, and invented the same sequence of situa- 
 tions by accident"; that all men spread from one centre, and carried 
 a tale of the centre everywhere, or " that the story, once invented, 
 has drifted all round the world". I show how the diffusion might 
 conceivably be accounted for by exogamy, trade, slave-dealing, 
 war, "by all these agencies, working through dateless time." 
 "Much may be due to the identity everywhere of early fancy; 
 something to transmission", as M. Cosquin quotes me {Introduc- 
 tion to Gri77im^ xlii, xliii). I should have said " much" in both 
 clauses. In fact, I am obliged to say that I know not how the 
 stories are so similar, for transmission to the Western Pacific coast 
 from India, Africa, or Europe is difficult to accept. But the 
 backward of time and the possibilities of migration are infinite. 
 
 Thus no one can say that I dogmatise. But my fault is not 
 dogmatising against the possibility of independent development. 
 Thus, in Cupid and Psyche^ M. Cosquin says : " According to Mr. 
 Lang, a ' fortuitous combination' of fantastic elements might pro- 
 duce, at one moment, in a number of countries, the following 
 
I 
 
 INTRODUCTION. XIX 
 
 sequence of adventures : Girl to be devoted to a serpent or other 
 monster, who is really a man in a beast's skin. He marries the 
 girl. She may not see her lord ; is betrayed into disobeying this 
 rule ; the husband disappears ; she wanders in quest of him ; is 
 set on impossible tasks by his mother ; accompHshes them by aid 
 of animals ; she and her lord are reunited. Mr. Lang thinks this 
 little romance, with its chain of adventures, might be invented at 
 once in I know not how many countries, and might spring armed 
 from I know not how many brains. That would be the miracle !" 
 It would, indeed, only I never said anything of the sort, as far as 
 I remember. I said that all the incidents were either universally 
 human, like Psyche's jealous sisters, or were suggested by nuptial 
 taboos and other customs, common in many countries. I never 
 said that all the tale of Apuleius might spring from any number 
 of savage brains all at once. What I said, and what I demonstrated, 
 is, that tales of a similar character, turning on transgression of 
 a nuptial taboo, might and did occur, probably independently, 
 among Zulus and Red Indians. Some of the proofs are given, 
 from Zulu and Red Indian sources, in Cupid, Psyche, and the Sun- 
 Frog. They differ greatly in detail and " sequence of adventure". 
 What is consistent is the disappearance of wife or husband, on 
 the infringement, by husband or wife, of a mysterious prohibition. 
 I argue " tales on the pattern of Cupid and Psyche might have 
 been evolved, wherever a curious nuptial taboo required to be 
 sanctioned, or explained, by a myth". I added that " they might 
 also have been transmitted in the unknown past of our race". 
 Where the sequence of adventures in Apuleius is strictly pre 
 served, there I believe firmly in transmission, in borrowmg. 
 Where the sequence does not occur, but the essence or central 
 point does occur, the disappearance of wife or husband, usually 
 more or less supernatural, often occasionally invested with an 
 animal's form— when this occurs in South Africa or North America, 
 blended with local superstitions, there I believe that independent 
 development is perfectly possible. 
 
 It is not hard to confute an opponent, if it may be done by 
 attributing to him a theory which he does not hold, and dis- 
 
XX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 proving that. We are all prone to adopt, unconsciously, that 
 form of reasoning, '*du moins si j'en juge par la confusion 
 regnant dans beaucoup d'esprits", as M. Cosquin says. There is 
 a point at which the sequence and combination of incidents into 
 a plot can only have been made once, and that point is reached 
 wherever a tale like Cupid and Psyche exactly follows the arrange- 
 ment of Apuleius. But other tales, retaining its peculiar central 
 situation, do not present its sequence of plot. In the case of 
 certain remote and backward peoples, their tale of this kind, to 
 my thinking, may be of independent origin, while I do not and 
 did not deny that they may have borrowed apd altered it. In 
 fact, I decline to dogmatise. ^ 
 
 Mr. Jacobs is my next critic. He insists that to study sur- 
 vivals in the tale is not to study the tale. I suppose I have 
 *' studied the tale", more or less. My reason for writing on it 
 was to show that the peculiarities of the tale could be accounted 
 for without the use of Mr. Max Miiller's solar theory : this was a 
 late performance, like the rest of the world, I first read the tale 
 for pleasure. Mr. Jacobs Hkens me to one who, in future ages, 
 should study The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, to learn the properties 
 of hansom cabs, and argue that the story was written to illustrate 
 these. The mystery of Mr. Jacobs' vein of humour ! However, 
 it is true that I do regard some mdrchen " as a species of Tendenz 
 Roj7ian^\ stories with a purpose, or capable of being used, at least, 
 to point a moral. There is no mistake about the moral in the 
 tales where charity or courtesy are denied by the first and second 
 adventurer, who fail, granted by the third, who succeeds. Per- 
 rault notices, perhaps exaggerates this truth. Now, I can conceive 
 that, when some young bride objected to the irrational taboo, then 
 a taboo story — the awful results of breaking a taboo — was told to 
 her : that is not out of human nature. Mr. Jacobs admits that 
 savage customs and ideas do "obviously" occur in fairy-tales, but 
 these are "not the essence of the story". The " obviousness" was 
 not so manifest, I am conceited enough to say, before it was set 
 
 1 I may have caused confusion by saying "the tale" of Cupid and Psyche, in 
 Introduction to Custom and Myth. I should have said ' ' the essential incident in 
 the tale". 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXi 
 
 forth. The essence of the story, as Uterature, is the story, of 
 course, but, while the solar explanation prevailed, it was desirable 
 to study the element of savage survival. As for the literature, for 
 the tale in itself, I am so enamoured of it that I cannot, like Mr. 
 Jacobs, " hope" for a day when, " instead of having to read the tale", 
 we shall be content with a technical summary of its incidents ! 
 Having to read the tale ! It is not a compulsory part of educa- 
 tion, but, apart from the entertainment, I am prejudiced in favour 
 of studying one's authorities. 
 
 Mr. Jacobs is curious to know " When did the story first 
 appear, and how was it diffused?" One greatly desires, indeed, 
 to know when it originally appeared, and I shall be the first 
 to applaud Mr. Jacobs when he makes this valuable dis- 
 covery. Mdrchen (if we exclude some which may have 
 won their way into cosmogonic myth, the story of the Origin 
 of Death, and so on) first appear, in literature, in ancient 
 Egypt. Mr. Jacobs does not believe that the exclusively Indian 
 origin has been demonstrated : here we can agree. 
 
 As to our "Far-Travelled Tale", of Jason, Mr. Jacobs says, 
 "All the countries where this story is found have been in culture- 
 contact with each other," and argues from that assertion. But 
 was Europe in " culture-contact" with Samoa, and could a Euro- 
 pean story become part of the divine mythology of an island first 
 sighted by Europeans in 1722 ? 
 
 The recent European importation of the tale into Madagascar 
 is possible ; in Samoa the difficulty is greater : is very great. It 
 is not a case of showing incident A in Samoa, incident B in 
 Peru,i as Mr. Jacobs says is our method. The whole story is 
 in Samoa : the hero, the god, the daughter, the tasks, the ac- 
 complishment of them by the daughter, the flight, the magical 
 obstacles, bush, mountain, water. All are in a Samoan myth of 
 a god and a hero. Were they adapted from the story of a beach- 
 comber, were they diffused in some dateless wandering of men ? 
 They are so close and similar in sequence to European versions, 
 that the hypothesis of "wits jumping" seems to be excluded, 
 
 1 International Congress ^ p. 86. 
 
XXll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 as I have said in the Introduction to Custom and Myth. The 
 problem is obscure. ^ 
 
 I know not how or why this doubt of ours should be called 
 " The Casual Theory". But incidents found in this mdrchen occur, 
 like most such incidents, in perfectly different combinations : the 
 Flight, especially, as everyone knows, is separable from the rest 
 of the narrative : it may be from a ghost in Hades, or from a 
 cannibal mother (Japan, Zulu, Samoyed). 
 
 If I have anywhere said that coincidence of invention is the 
 dne necessary explanation of the similarity of Popular Tales, I 
 burn my faggot. _ 
 
 If I have ever hinted that tales are only valuable as materials 
 of anthropology, instead of being the oldest novels, full of grace 
 and charm, may the Folk-lore Congress hand me over to the 
 secular arm. 
 
 I have only maintained that similar institutions and a similar 
 imaginative condition may give rise to similarities in tales, and 
 even to some combinations of incidents, as often occurs in modern 
 novels, while asserting, at the same time, that diffusion of those 
 tales is perfectly possible and conceivable. As to the place and 
 date of the very first tales, it may be Polar, pre-glacial. To seek 
 such a date and place seems wasted labour. 
 
 Perhaps I have made my meaning clear : I can believe in 
 transmission; I can also believe in independent invention of 
 many incidents. In the course of combination I can believe 
 that some similar sequences may have been evolved independently. 
 At a certain point, where the incidents are numerous and the 
 sequence exact, I disbelieve in independent invention, or hold it 
 as improbable, to use Mr. Jacobs' illustration, as that he should 
 bowl out Dr. Grace first ball. 
 
 I believe combinations of incidents may take almost any form : 
 some forms are fittest, and survive. Let us try a fancy combina- 
 tion. We may begin with the childless pair, the child magically 
 conceived. Let the mother die, leaving a dog to daughter. The 
 
 1 In the Report of the Folk-lore Congress {p. 65), I find that I distinctly contra- 
 dicted the theory of casual coincidence in plot and sequence of story, which I am 
 said to entertain. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXiu 
 
 father remarries, has two daughters, they spite the first girl. 
 They are sent one by one to accomplish some feat, by the dog's 
 aid the first daughter succeeds. She is rewarded by a gift of 
 a palace with a Bluebeard chamber. Her sisters urge her to 
 open it, she finds an enchanted young man in the form of a statue. 
 She revivifies him, they fly and are pursued — the usual "magic 
 flight". She is never to call him by his name, she does so ; he 
 forgets her, and is betrothed to her eldest sister. By dint of 
 presents provided by her dog, she gets leave to cook a cake for 
 him, and leaves her ring in the cake. He swears he will only 
 marry the person whom it fits. Her sisters nip and clip their 
 fingers in vain. The dog remarks that the true owner is in the 
 kitchen. She is discovered and married to her lover. 
 
 What tale is that? Under which type is it to be grouped? 
 Such a combination is perfectly possible, and it may, perhaps, be 
 difficult to put a name on it. But tradition supplies abundant 
 examples nearly as indeterminate. I suppose, then, that story- 
 tellers have always been making combinations, that the best and 
 rnost ^dramatic survived in mos,t -vigour^ that a good type, like 
 ( Cinderella^ once hit upon, was difi'used widely. Beyond this, my 
 ' theory does not go, and I am perfectly ignorant of the name, and 
 date, and home of the first fortunate combiner. 
 
 So I leave Cinderella^ entreating the gentle reader to believe 
 that I do not prefer my stories as skeletons, that I am not 
 insensible to their charm and life, that I do not regard them as 
 mere collections of anthropological facts, or fancies, though, like 
 all literature, they have their historical aspect, which it may have 
 been worth while to insist on, for a particular purpose, and before 
 it was obvious to the meanest capacity. ^ 
 
 A. LANG. 
 St. Andrew's, Jan. 14. 
 
 1 Miss Cox points out a passage in my Perrault (p. cxv) which might lead a 
 student who read that sentence by itself to believe that I held the "Casual" theory. 
 I have tried to explain what I do think, and leave it to the ages. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The incidents characteristic of the story of "Cinderella" are 
 interchangeable with a large proportion of the incidents of the 
 "Catskin" and "Cap o' Rushes" stories. In arranging the 
 variants belonging to the Cinderella type, I have, after conferring 
 with the Council of the Folk-Lore Society, grouped them, as far as 
 possible, under the three heads : A.— Cinderella, B.— Catskin, 
 C— Cap o' Rushes, according to the characterising features of each. 
 The essential incidents of each group may be seen as follows : 
 
 A, — Cinderella. 
 Ill-treated heroine. 
 Recognition by means of shoe. 
 
 B. — Catskin. 
 Unnatural father. 
 Heroine flight. 
 
 C. — Cap Rushes. 
 King Lear judgment. 
 Outcast heroine. 
 
 Those given under B. and C. may be regarded as the only 
 differentiating incidents, the rest being common to all the stories. 
 A large number of variants, while lacking the incidents which 
 would determine their place under one of the above heads, contain 
 such as are common to all three groups. These stories constitute 
 group D. — Indeterminate, which is subdivided to show which 
 stories approximate most to the Cinderella type (Da.), and which 
 to the Catskin type (Db.), the remainder not being referable to any 
 distinct type. 
 
 Group E. consists of examples of Hero-tales^ containing in- 
 cidents common to the Cinderella variants. 
 
 The following is a list of the common incidents, showing in 
 which group each recurs : 
 
 \id (various). A. B. C. D. E. Dead (or transformed) mother help. 
 
 \nimal witness. A. B. D. A. B. D. 
 
 Jountertasks. B. D. Ear cornucopia. A. D. E. 
 
 Dead father help. E. Eating taboo. A. D. 
 
 The term Hero-tales is here employed to designate those tales in which the 
 ole of Cinderella is filled by a hero instead of a heroine, and must not be under- 
 tood to imply tales belonging to heroic cycles. 
 
 C 
 
XXVI PREFACE. 
 
 False bride. A. B. D. Mutilated feet. A. B. D. 
 
 Happy marriage. A. B. C. D. E. Outcast heroine and hero. C. D. E. 
 
 Hearth abode. A. D. E. Pitch trap. A. B. D. 
 
 Help at grave. A. B. D. E. Recognition by means of shoe or ring. 
 
 Helpful animal. A. B. D. E. A. B. C. D. E. 
 
 Heroine disguise and hero disguise. Recognition food. B. C. D. 
 
 A. B. C. D. E. Revivified bones. A. D. 
 
 Heroine flight and hero flight. A. B. Shoe marriage test. A. B. C. D. 
 
 D. E. Slaying of helpful animal. A. D. E. 
 
 Hiding-box. B, C. D. Substituted bride. A. D. 
 
 Ill-treated heroine and hero. A. D. E. Surprise rencontre. B. C. D. 
 
 Lost shoe. A. B. C. D. Tasks. A. B. D. E. 
 
 Lovesick prince. B. C. D. Task-performing animal. A. D. E. 
 
 Magic dresses. A. B. C. D. E. Threefold flight. A. B. C. D. E. 
 
 Marriage tests. A. B. C. D. E. Token objects. A. B. C. D. 
 
 Meeting-place. A. B. C. D. E. Trophy marriage test. E. 
 
 Menial heroine and hero. A. B. C. D. E. Villain Nemesis. A. B. D. E. 
 
 The elaborate story of "The Nymph of the Well" {Volks- 
 mdrchen der Deutschen^ Gotha, 1782), into which Musaus has 
 worked some of the incidents of the popular tales of Cinderella,- 
 Dame HoUe, and Allerleirauh, is of too literary a character to be 
 included in the present collection. Arndt's very ornate rendering 
 of " Aschenbrodel" {Mdrchen und Ju gender innerungen^ Berlin, 
 1 818) is omitted for the same reason. 
 
 I have presented each story in simplest ' outline in order to 
 facilitate a general survey. These Abstracts are arranged bib- 
 liographically under the several groups, and are numbered 
 consecutively. The Tabulations which fill in the details are 
 correspondingly numbered, but are arranged bibliographically, 
 irrespective of the grouping. 
 
 In transHterating Russian, Slavonic, and other proper names, 
 titles of works, and story-titles, I have followed, under Mr. Naake's 
 advice, the system adopted in the Catalogue of the British Museum 
 Library. For example, the author variously referred to in folk-lore 
 studies, as Vuk, Wuk, or Wouk, will be found under the sur- 
 name Karajich. Consistently with this plan I have also substi- 
 tuted Athanas'ev for the more usual rendering, Afanasief. 
 
 The following scheme exhibits the diffusion of the Cinderella 
 story according to the data afforded by the present collection of 
 variants. Each variant is referred to by number, the group to 
 which it belongs and the collection from which it is taken being also 
 indicated. Certain contiguous countries are here grouped together 
 to avoid th^eir wide severance by a purely alphabetical arrangement. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 XXVll 
 
 EUROPE. 
 
 AUSTRIA- 
 HUNGARY. 
 
 BALKAN 
 PENINSULA. 
 
 BELGIUM 
 
 \t 
 
 BRITAIN 
 
 AND 
 
 IRELAND. 
 
 :ORSICA 
 
 / Bohemia 
 
 Bosnia . 
 bukovina 
 Carinthia 
 Dalmatia 
 
 Galicia . 
 
 Hungary 
 
 ISTRIA . 
 
 Lower 
 Austria 
 Moravia 
 Slavonia 
 
 and 
 Croatia 
 
 Tyrol 
 
 Albania 
 Bulgaria 
 
 Greece . 
 
 /A. 125 (Waldau). 
 (B. 202 
 
 (See Note 66. ) 
 
 D. 305 (Wlislocki). 
 
 C. 218 (Grimm, Kletke). 
 
 A. 124 (Vid Vuletic^ Vukasovi(5). 
 /A. 94 {Rozprawy, etc.)\ 130 (7Mor, etc.). 
 tDb, 258, 259 (Baracz). 
 
 (A. 32 (Dobsinsky) ; 88(Nemcova); iii (Stier). 
 Da. 244 (Jones and Kropf). 
 E- 333(Leger); 338 (Stier). 
 A. 52 (Ive). 
 
 |b. 201 (Vernaleken). 
 
 A. 70 (Leskien and Brugman). 
 
 (B. 174 (Krauss). 
 D. 301 (Stojanovi(?). 
 E. 331 (Krauss). 
 'A. 128 (Zingerle). 
 Da. 257 ,, 
 Db. 268 (Schneller) ; 270 (Zingerle). 
 
 D. 288 (Busk); 306 (Zingerle). 
 
 E. 341 (Zingerle). 
 
 158 (Dozon). 
 127 (Wratislaw). 
 
 (A. 17 (Zuccarini, Das Ausland). 
 \D. 2( '" - • • • 
 
 Epirus 
 
 ROUMANIA 
 
 Servia 
 
 297 (Schmidt). 
 50 (Hahn). 
 166 ,, 
 
 195 (Schott). 
 298 
 
 335 [Roumanian F. Tales). 
 31 (Denton); <4 (Karajich). 
 B. 131, 132, i33(^r(:i^m, etc.); 169 (Karajich). 
 Wallachia See Roumania. 
 
 {A. 123 ( Volkskunde). 
 C. 220 (Lootens); 224, 225 {Volkskunde); 314 
 (Monseur). 
 Da. 255 ( Volkskunde). 
 
 •{I 
 
 England 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Scotland 
 
 /C. 219 [Ipswich J.). 
 Db. 264(Dizon); 267 (Hallivvell). 
 I D. 274 (Balfour). 
 lE. 323 [Gypsy). 
 /A. 29 (Curtin). 
 LB. 170 (Kennedy). 
 TA. 4 [Arch. Rev.) 
 
 26 
 Mag.)- 2,s[F--L. J.y, 
 -| see p. 533 (McLeod). 
 I B. 151, 152 (Campbell), 
 I^Db. 263 (Chambers). 
 
 /C. 222 (Ortoli). 
 (Da. 248, 249, 250 ,, 
 
 (Campbell); 27 [Celt. 
 93 [Revue Celt. ) ; and 
 
 C 3 
 
XXVlll 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 CYPRUS . . . 
 
 A, 53 (Sakellarios). 
 
 DENMARK . 
 
 (See Scandinavia). 
 
 
 / Agen and fC. 211 (Blad6). 
 Gascogne, \D. 275 
 
 
 
 BouRGOGNE. Da. 230 (Beauvois). 
 
 
 Basse /A. 71 (Luzel). 
 Bretagne. \B. 177 ,, 
 
 
 
 fA. 99 (S^biUot). 
 
 
 Hte. Jb. 196 „ 
 
 
 Bretagne. 1 C. 223 
 
 FRANCE . ./ 
 
 iDa. 251 ,. 
 
 HisRAULT . B. 190 {Rev. des Langues Romanes). 
 
 viLAiNE. ]^-^^o{M^lusine). 
 
 
 LORRAINE .|^- 156 (Cosquin). . 
 
 
 (.Da. 232, 233 ,, 
 
 
 PoiTOU . .-f^- 3io(Pineau). 
 ya. 191 ,, 
 
 
 ^-„ f A. 56 (d'Aulnoy ; 91 (Perrault). 
 
 T oPAT Lo 1 B- 185 (Perrault). 
 ^LOCALISED, y^^ ^^^ p^^ Periers). 
 
 
 
 /Hanover . D. 279 (Colshom). 
 
 
 Hesse (and /A. 37 (Grimm). 
 
 
 Paderborn). (B. 161 ,, 
 
 
 MECKLEN- \u ,.< /r„^.,„i,\ 
 
 burg. |B. i46(Bartsch). 
 
 
 c A v^xTv / Da. 236 (Grimm . 
 SAXONY . .|j. ^24, 325 (Haltrich). 
 
 GERMANY . 
 
 SCHLESWIG- "1 
 
 
 HoLSTEiN & Vd, 294 (MuUenhoff). 
 
 
 LauenburgJ 
 
 
 fA. 74. 75 (Meier). 
 
 
 SWABIA . .-{C. 221 
 
 
 iDa. 309 
 
 
 \Locaused. }a- i9{Bechstein); 49 (Hagen). 
 
 GREECE . . 
 
 ~~: — : — r~: T^See Balkan Peninsula).' 
 
 ICELAND . . 
 
 /A. 9, 10 (Arnason) ; 73 (Manrer). 
 • • • • -^D. 273 „ , --^^ ,^^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 r (A. 34 (Fmamore). / 
 
 
 Abruzzi . .-^B. 159 ,. y< 183 (De Nino). 
 
 
 i.C. 217, 312 „ ' 
 
 
 Calabria . B. 148 (Basile, Archivio). 
 
 
 C^MPAN.A .{B- -473 ,,„■,,,„,,. " :"SS(Cora.i„i, 
 
 ITALY . . .H 
 
 Emilia . . C. 208 (^rrAzVio); 216 (Coronedi-Berti). 
 
 
 •—• ■{t.T^r}; 
 
 
 fA. 122 (Visentini). 
 
 
 LOMBARDY.ig-J^^JI"^^"^"^)- 
 
 
 iDb. 269 (Visentini). 
 
 
 .Marches , A. 7 {Archivio). 
 
fRp:FACE. 
 
 XXIX 
 
 ITALY . . 
 
 {continued 
 
 /Piedmont 
 Rome , . 
 
 Tuscany .- 
 
 Venetia 
 
 Not 
 \l0calised. 
 
 NORWAY . 
 PORTUGAL 
 
 Da. 247 (Gubernatis, Novella, etc.). 
 
 A. 23, 24 (Busk). 
 
 B. 150 
 
 C. 214 
 
 Db. 260, 261, 262 (Busk). 
 ^A. 28 (Comparetti); 51 (Imbriani). 
 
 B. 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141 
 [Archivio); 154 (Comparetti); 165 (Guber- 
 natis); 192 (Gubernatis, Rivista, etc.). 
 
 C. 215 (Comparetti). 
 
 Da. 237 (Gubernatis) ; 239, 240 (Imbriani). 
 
 D. 241 (Imbriani); 246 (Nerucci); 281 (Gradi) ; 
 ^ 285, 286 (Gubernatis). 
 
 (A. 20 (Bernoni). 
 .-! B. 157 (Corazzini). 
 
 i.C. 209 (Bernoni). 
 
 (A. 18 [Pentavterone) 
 { B. 149 
 \D, 229 ,, 
 
 (See Scandinavia.) 
 
 (See Spain and Portugal, 
 
 200 (Straparola). 
 
 RUSSIA . . .1 
 
 ^ Ostrobotknia {^' 103. 106, 108 (Soc.deLitf. FiiHu] 
 \B. 197 „ 
 
 Finland 
 
 Lithuania 
 
 Tavastland 
 
 (A. 1, 2 (At 
 . \ 109 {Soc. 
 tB. 198 
 
 (Aberg), 97 (Salmelainen), 
 ^ L. Finn.). 
 
 W. Finland [^ .^"^ 
 \\J. 300 
 
 107 
 
 / B. 194 (Schleicher), 204 (Weryho), 
 t 311 (Leskien and Brugman). 
 
 Poland 
 
 'Cracow 
 
 Kielce . 
 
 Kujawy 
 Lublin 
 
 Masovia 
 
 Plock , 
 Radom 
 Sandoviir 
 
 173 (Kolberg). 
 326, 327 ,, 
 
 57 
 
 207 {Zbior, etc. ). 
 
 329 (Kolberg). 
 
 330 
 
 242, 243 (Kozlowski). 
 
 IE. 
 [A. 
 \B. 
 
 E. 
 
 E. 
 /Da 
 IE. 340 (Toeppen). 
 
 B. 2o6{Zbior, etc.). 
 
 A. 58 (Kolberg); — 
 
 E. 328 
 Not localised j^' ^^^ (Wojcicki). 
 
 Archangel 
 
 Great Russia 
 
 Little Russia 
 
 . Da. 252 {Soc. de Litt. Finn. 
 CA. 95, 96 (Salmelainen) 
 J {Soc. de Litt. Finn.). 
 
 ■ \ B. 199 
 I Da. 253 
 
 55 (Khudyakov). 
 171, 172 ,, 
 
 A. i6 (Athanas'ev). 
 
 B. 144 
 
 Da. 227, 228 ,, 
 E. 321 
 
 . /B. 153 (Chubinsky). 
 IE. 3 ~ 
 
 101, 104 
 
 •It 
 
 la< 
 
 Olojietz . . A. 
 West Russia A. 
 
 322 (Dragomanov). 
 
 102 {Soc. de Litt. Fi^in.) 
 
 36 (Glinski), 129 {Zbiorj, 
 
XXX 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 SARDINIA 
 
 (A. 5, 6 {Archlvio, Guarnerio) ; 308 (Mango). 
 \B. 142, 143 
 
 r 
 
 SCANDI- 
 NAVIA. 
 
 Sweden 
 
 Norway 
 
 Elfsbor^ . 
 
 Gottland . 
 
 Oestergot- 
 
 land. 
 
 North 
 
 Smaland. 
 
 South 
 Smaland. 
 
 Vdrmland 
 
 Upland . . 
 \IVot localised 
 
 tBygland . 
 Christian- 
 sand. 
 Fjeldberg 
 Flatdal . 
 
 Gud- 
 brandsdal 
 
 D. 276 (Bondeson). 
 A. 114 (Thorpe). 
 
 [A. 113 
 
 I A. 112 
 
 \A. 115, 
 jD. 302 
 
 16, 117 (Thorpe). 
 
 .{ 
 
 Hardanger . 
 
 Launng . . 
 Setesdalen . 
 
 Thelemarken 
 (S. Norway) 
 
 \Not localised 
 
 /Falster Is. . 
 
 Denmark . 
 
 Jutland 
 
 N. Sleswjck^ 
 
 Zealand 
 
 (A. 22 (Bondeson). 
 tC. 212 
 
 A. 1^, T^ (Thorpe). 
 
 A^ qSLSj 
 
 , A. 12 (Asb. og Moe). 
 JA. 77 (Moe). ' j 
 
 A. 15 (Asb, og Moe). \ 
 
 B. 182 (Moe). 5 
 A. no (Soegaard). 
 E. 319 (Asb. og Moe) ; 336 (Soe- 
 gaard). 
 
 A. 13, 14 
 
 D. 287 (Haukenas). 
 
 E. 320 (Asb. og Moe). 
 p. 289 (Janson). 
 A. 81, 82 (Moe). 
 
 A. 33 {Dolen) ; 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 
 85, 86, 87 (Moe). 
 
 B. 181 (Moe). 
 E. 334 .. 
 A. II (Asb.), 30 (Dasent), 121 
 
 (Tvedt). 
 
 A. 60 (Kristensen). 
 •A^ 38 (Gronborg), 39, 40, 41, 42, 
 
 ^ 43 (Grundtvig), 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 
 66, 67 (Kristensen), 100 {Skatte- 
 graveren). 
 
 B. 162, 163 (Grundtvig), 175 (Krist- 
 ensen). 
 
 Db. 265 (Grundtvig), 
 
 D. 280 {Danske FolkecBventyr), 
 282, 283, 284 (Grundtvig), 291, 
 292 (Kristensen), 293, 303 (Mol- 
 bech), 299 {Skattegraveren'). 
 
 .E» 332 (Kristensen). 
 f A. 47 (Grundtvig). * 
 
 (Db. 266 ,, } 
 
 A. 44i 45, 46, 48 (Grundtvig), 59 ' 
 (Kristensen). 
 
 Bi 164 (Grundtvig). 
 
 D. 290 (Kamp). 
 
 i These tales were collected by Danes before the cession of Slesvvick to Germany^ 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 {A. 92 (Pitr^). 
 B. 160 (Gonzenbach) ; 186, 187, 188 (Pitr^). 
 C. 315, 316, 317, 318 (Pitr^). 
 D. 295, 296 
 
 I(B. 203 (Webster). 
 Basque . .j C. 226 
 (d. 256, 304 ,, 
 CA. 72 (Maspons) ; 76 (Mila). 
 Catalonia.-! B. 178, 179 ,, 
 I Da. 245 
 OviEDO . . C. 2X0 {Bibl. de las Trad, pop.), 
 
 {Oporto . . C. 213 (Braga). ". 
 
 OURILHE D..78(CoeIho). 
 Not fA. 8g, 90 (Pedroso). 
 Localised. \B. 184 ,, 
 
 SWEDEN (See Scandinavia.) 
 
 SWITZERLAND Da. 254 (Sutermeister). 
 
 TURKEY (See BALKAN Peninsula.) 
 
 XXXI 
 
 ASIA. 
 
 ANAM / .... A. 68 (Landes). / 
 
 ^ . . -j^binhTuan. a. 69 
 
 ARMENIA A. ^ [Armeiu Bihl. 
 
 AST\ MINOR /Smyrna . . B. i67(Hahn); 176 (Legraiid)r>^ 
 
 AblA MIJNUK . -|^jg_ Qp (^jjjQ_ ^^ 231 (Carnoy-Nicolaides). ,^^ 
 
 {Bombay. . A. "2^ [Calcutta Rev. \ 
 
 Madras . Da. 235 (Frere). ., - 
 
 Salsette . A. 307 [Ind. Ant\^^ 
 
 JAPAN ........ D. 277 (Brauns)*^'" 
 
 SYRIA B. 189 (Prym and Socin). V^ 
 
 AFRICA. 
 
 ARAB. ........ E. 337 (Spitta-Beylv- 
 
 KABYLE (See note 2, Riviere). 
 
 KAFFIR . E. 339(Theal).,^^ 
 
 MAURITIUS B. 14s (Baissac).-/ 
 
 AMERICA. 
 
 BRAZIL . . B. 193 (Romdro). i 
 
 CHILI A.2x{Bibl.Trad.pop.);. 
 
 W. INDIES A. 128 (Turiault): 
 
PREBWCE. 
 
 The following is a chronological list of Cinderella variants 
 
 
 A.-Cinderella. 
 
 B.— Catskin. 
 
 C-Cap o' 
 Rushes. 
 
 3.— Indeterminate. 
 
 E.— Hero-Tales. 
 
 1544 
 
 
 
 
 Des Periers. 
 
 
 1550 
 
 ... 
 
 Straparola. 
 
 
 
 
 1636 
 
 Basile. 
 
 Basile. 
 
 ... 
 
 Basile. 
 
 
 1694 
 
 ... 
 
 Perrault. 
 
 
 
 
 1697 
 
 Perrault. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1698 
 
 d'Aulnoy. 
 
 
 
 
 
 I8I2 
 
 Grimm. 
 
 Grimm. 
 
 Grimm. 
 
 Grimm. 
 
 
 1825 
 
 Von der Hagen. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1832 
 
 ZvLcca.nni {in Das 
 Ausland). 
 
 
 
 
 
 1839 
 
 Wojcicki. 
 
 Wojcicki. 
 
 
 
 
 1842 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 BaliAski. 
 
 1843 
 
 Asbjornsen og 
 Moe. 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 Molbech. 
 
 
 1844 
 
 Hylten-Cavallius. 
 
 
 
 Hylten-Cavallius. 
 
 
 1845 
 
 Bechstein. 
 
 Schott. * 
 
 ... 
 
 Mullenhoff. 
 Schott. 
 
 
 1846 
 
 Stier (Erdelyi). 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 Jones and Kropf 
 (= Erdelyi). 
 
 
 1849 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 
 Halliwell. 
 
 
 1852 
 
 Meier. 
 
 Salmelainen. 
 
 Zingerle. 
 
 ... 
 
 Meier. 
 
 Meier. 
 Zingerle. 
 
 
 1853 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 Prohle. 
 
 1854 
 
 Karajich. 
 
 Gnindtvig. 
 Karajich. 
 
 ... 
 
 Colshorn. 
 
 Grundtvig. 
 
 Zingerle. 
 
 Zingerle 
 
 1857 
 
 Nemcova. 
 
 Schleicher. 
 
 ... 
 
 Dixon. 
 
 
 i860 
 
 Khudyakov. 
 
 Maurer. 
 
 Waldau. 
 
 Khudyakov. 
 Waldau. 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 1860-62 
 
 Campbell. 
 
 Campbell. 
 
 
 
 
 1861 
 
 Athanas'ev. 
 
 Athanas'ev. 
 
 
 Athanas'ev. 
 
 Athanas ev. 
 
 1862 
 
 Arnason. 
 Glinski. 
 
 
 ... 
 
 Arnason. 
 Beauvois. 
 
 
 1864 
 
 Von Hahn. 
 
 Von Hahn. 
 Vernaleken. 
 
 
 
 
 1865 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 Gradi. 
 
 
 1866 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 Baracz. 
 Wesselofsky. 
 
 
 1867 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 Kozlowski. 
 Schneller. 
 
 Toeppen, 
 
 1868 
 
 Soegaard. 
 
 ... 
 
 Lootens. 
 
 Frere. 
 
 Soegaard. 
 
 1869 
 
 ... 
 
 Gubernatis. 
 
 ... 
 
 Gubernatis. 
 Sutermeister. 
 
 
 1870 
 
 Dolen. 
 
 Gonzenbach. 
 
 
 
 
 I87I 
 
 Maspons. 
 Salmelainen. 
 
 Maspons. 
 
 
 Household 
 Stories from 
 LandofHofer. 
 
 Maspons. 
 
 
 1873 
 
 Bernoni. 
 Tvedt. 
 
 ... 
 
 Bernoni. 
 
 J 
 
 
 1874 
 
 Busk. 
 
 Busk. 
 
 Bladd. 
 
 Blad^. 
 
 
 
 Denton (=Mij a- 
 
 
 Busk. 
 
 Busk. 
 
 
 
 tovics). 
 
 
 Coronedi-Berti 
 
 
 
 1875 
 
 Comparetti. 
 
 Comparetti. 
 
 Comparetti. 
 
 Pitr^. 
 
 
 
 Pitr6. 
 
 Kennedy. 
 Pitr6. 
 
 Pitrd 
 
 
 
B 
 
 ■ 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 
 XXXlll 
 
 1876 
 
 A.— Cinderella. 
 
 B.— Catskin. 
 
 C.-Cap 0' 
 Rushes. 
 
 D. — Indeterminate. 
 
 E.— Hero-Tales. 
 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 Dragomanov. 
 
 1877 
 
 Imbriani. 
 
 Corazzini. 
 
 Imbriani. 
 
 Imbriani. 
 
 
 
 
 Imbriani. 
 
 Webster. 
 
 Schmidt. 
 
 
 
 
 Webster. 
 
 
 Webster. 
 
 
 1878 
 
 ... 
 
 Chubinsky. 
 
 ... 
 
 Janson. 
 
 
 |79 
 
 Visentini. 
 
 Bartsch. 
 
 :;: 
 
 Coelho. 
 Kamp. ^ 
 Stojanovic. 
 Visentini. 
 
 
 1880 
 
 Dobsinsky. 
 
 S^billot. 
 
 Wratislaw. 
 
 ... 
 
 Nerucci. 
 
 Nerucci. 
 S^biUot. 
 
 
 1881 
 
 1 
 
 Kristensen. 
 
 Dozon. 
 Kristensen. 
 Legrand. 
 Prym and 
 
 Socin. 
 Sdbillot. 
 
 S^billot. 
 
 Kristensen. 
 
 
 1882 
 
 Bondeson. 
 
 Finamore. 
 
 Bondeson. 
 
 Riviere. 
 
 Haltrich. 
 
 
 Finamore. 
 
 Leskien and 
 
 Finamore. 
 
 ... 
 
 Leger. 
 
 
 Leskien and 
 
 Brugman. 
 
 
 
 Theal. 
 
 h 
 
 Brugman. 
 
 Pedroso. 
 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 Pedroso. 
 
 
 
 
 
 TI83 
 
 Guarnerio (in 
 
 De Nino. 
 
 Ortoli. 
 
 Ortoli. 
 
 Krauss. 
 
 
 Archivio). 
 
 Krauss. 
 
 
 
 Spitta-Bey. 
 
 1884 
 
 Gronborg. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1885 
 
 Kolberg. 
 
 Kolberg. 
 Romdro. 
 
 ... 
 
 Brauns. 
 
 Knoop. 
 
 Kolberg. 
 
 Romanov. 
 
 1886 
 
 Landes. 
 
 Cosquin. 
 
 
 Bondeson. 
 Cosquin. 
 
 
 1887 
 
 Aberg. 
 Kolberg. 
 Landes. 
 Luzel. 
 
 Luzel. 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 1888 
 
 Ive. 
 
 Kristensen. 
 
 Baissac. 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 Kristensen. 
 
 1889 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 Carnoy - Nico- 
 laides. 
 
 
 1890 
 
 Curtin. 
 Kristensen. 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 Mango. 
 
 
 1891 
 
 Pineau. 
 
 Pineau. 
 
 
 Haukenas. 
 
 
 1892 
 
 Andrews. 
 
 Weryho. 
 
 Monseur. 
 
 Andrews. 
 Wlislocki. 
 
 
 It has been suggested that Perrault probably borrowed his 
 Peau d'Ane from Straparola. Perrault's stories appeared 1694-7, 
 and twelve editions of the French translation of Straparola had 
 been issued before that date. I have included a still earlier 
 French version (No. 234, p. 206) from t\ve, Notivelks Recreations 
 et/oyeux Devis of Jean Bonaventure Des Periers, first published 
 m 1544. In this the folk-tale has assumed the guise of a romance 
 to suit the taste of the Court ladies. Jean Bonaventure Des 
 Periers was born in Bourgogne, in the little town of Arnay-le-Duc, 
 
XXXIV PREFACE. 
 
 at the beginning of the sixteenth century, and was valet de 
 chambre at the Court of Navarre, under Francois I^"". There 
 is also early mention of a hero-tale of the Cinderella type in 
 the Preface to RoUenhagen's Froschmeiiseler^ where he refers to the 
 wonderful household story "of the despised and pious Aschen- 
 possel, and his proud and scornful brethren". Georg RoUenhagen 
 was born in 1542, and died in 1609. M. Loys Brueyre, in his 
 Contes populaires de la Grande Bretagne (p. 44), refers — but 
 erroneously, as far as I can find — to a Rashin Coatie story in the 
 Complaynt of Scotland (1548). 
 
 In compiling this collection of variants the difficulty has not 
 been in tracing resemblances, but rather in determining what 
 degree of family likeness or relationship shall constitute eligi- 
 bility. Numerous "as the sand and dust" are the stories which 
 have received their share of a family heritage. A particular 
 folk-tale incident may recur in an endless number of permu- 
 tations and combinations with other sets of incidents, and 
 hopeless is the task of comprehending a series whose term is 
 infinity. Thus some authorities have noted, as belonging to the 
 Cinderella type, certain stories which I have not included, though 
 I have endeavoured to refer to them all in the Notes. The 
 collection by no means aims at being exhaustive ; nevertheless, I 
 fear I may be guilty of important omissions. I have searched 
 a number of published collections of folk-tales with negative 
 result,^ and there are several works, to which, as they are not 
 to be had in the British Museum Library, I have been 
 unable to gain access.'-^ So considerable is the amount of ma- 
 terial selected for me by those kind contributors from distant 
 parts, who have interested themselves in the subject, that I do 
 not doubt that the number of variants would be rapidly multi- 
 plied if further help of this sort were solicited. However, the 
 Council of the Folk-lore Society, at whose invitation I Undertook 
 this volume, deemed it advisable to make an arbitrary end of the 
 labour of collecting, which otherwise might be carried on in^ 
 definitely. 
 
 The fact that isolated incidents in folk-tales may recur in 
 
 1 See bibliographical list on p. 529. 
 
 2 E^g. , I have not been able to examine ' ' La Zinderlazza" in the Ciaqlira did 
 Banzola, per dir mii Fol divers tradutt dal pirlar napolitan in lengua biilgne'sd 
 (Bologna, 1742) ; or " La Cenerentola" in Cinque Storie della Nonna. 
 
 I 
 
PREFACE. XXXV 
 
 infinitely varied combinations is amply illustrated in several of 
 the Cinderella variants. One type of story may thus be con- 
 joined with another. For example, we are reminded of " Hop 
 o' my Thumb" in the opening of Nos. 8, 32, 56, in, and 130 ; 
 of "Toads and Diamonds" in Nos. 5, 8, 21, 89, 118, 229, 237, 
 239, 240, 241, 245, 247; of "Beauty and the Beast" in Nos. 
 191, 297; of "Puss in Boots" in Nos. 11, 39, 71, 121; of "The 
 Three Spinners" in No. 196 ; and of " Rumpelstiltskin" in Nos. 
 40 and 63. 
 
 The common incidents are very variously coloured. For 
 instance, in the Moravian story (No. 70), when the prince has 
 started to church with the false bride, the heroine transforms 
 herself into the bird, whose usual part it is to direct attention to 
 the mutilated foot. In the Danish story (No. 60) the bird itself 
 suggests the surgical adaptation of the false foot to the slipper, 
 and not the mother, who, however, urges her daughter to submit 
 to the treatment, with the familiar reminder, "il faut souffrir 
 pour etre belle." The shoe in this story has never belonged to 
 the heroine. It is kept in the ro5'al family, and must be worn by 
 anyone aspiring to be queen. In other . stories also the prince 
 provides the wedding shoes, not necessarily because the bride is 
 of humble origin. ^ In the Basque story (No. 256) the step- 
 mother befriends the heroine, and contrives her marriage with a 
 king. In the Ligurian story (No. 3) the fairy-godmother doubles 
 the part with that of the stepmother — an exceptional instance, 
 as far as I know. The fairy-godmother herself figures but 
 rarely^; the stories in which she replaces the helpful animal, like 
 those in which the glass shoe is met with,-^ are probably imita- 
 tions of Perrault's version. In the variant from Ostrobothnia 
 (No. 197), in place of the "counter-tasks" usually demanded 
 from the unnatural father, the heroine must provide the gold and 
 silver dresses and the crow's-beak gown, and then her father will 
 release her. Sir Walter Scott said of himself that he " could 
 never repeat a story without giving it a new hat and stick". 
 Similar liberality on the part of the narrator bestows galoshes 
 on the heroine in the Danish story (No. 62), and provides a 
 tobacco-leaf iox the wounded feet of the elder sisters in the story 
 from Jutland (No. 61), and is accountable for the German soap 
 
 * Se(^ riote 4^. '-^ See note, p. 527. s See note 48, p, 506. 
 
XXXVl PREFACE. 
 
 and the Indtaji dress in the Finnish stories (Nos. io6, 109), the 
 Spanish staff which kills the serpent in the South-German story 
 (No. 341), for the " announcement in the newspapers" in the story 
 from Jutland (No. 65), for the merciful saving of the foot at the 
 expense of the toe and heel of the stocking in another story 
 from Jutland (No. 63), for the 'ivax-\x2c^ in the Polish story (No. 
 130), and the honey Ax^i^ in the Greek story (No. 17), and for all 
 such embelHshments and emendations. 
 
 Mr. Lang has said,^ "We may conjecture that the ass-skin 
 worn by Peau d'Ane was originally the hide of the beast helpful 
 to her." Such is actually stated to be the case in three only of 
 the variants which I have examined, namely, in two Swedish 
 stories (Nos. 98, 117), and in one Finnish story (No. 109). In 
 almost every version the helpful beast is a domesticated animal,'^ 
 the most notable exception being in the case of the white bear in 
 the Swedish story (No. 117), who gallantly sacrifices himself that 
 the heroine may don his skin. A white ermine performs the 
 task in another Swedish variant (No. 113), and a wolf is decidedly 
 helpful in a Danish story (No. 290). Fish befriend the heroine 
 in an Annamite (No. 69), a Swedish (No. 112), and in two Italian 
 versions (Nos. 122, 239), and an eel minds the house for her and 
 gives her splendid dresses in the story from Jutland (No. 100), 
 though not, as it afterwards appears, from a purely disinterested 
 motive. The quick-witted mouse in the Slavonic (No. 301), and 
 the toad in the Hungarian story (No. 338), must rather be num- 
 bered amongst "grateful beasts". 
 
 That Cinderella is the guardian of the hearth is well proven. 
 
 . But she is not invariably the youngest child, especially when she is 
 
 \ a stepchild. Mr. Gomme has pointed out^ that the Greek Hestia 
 
 /-was the eldest child of Kronos and Rhea, and the goddess of 
 
 the household sanctuary, or rather of the fire burning on the 
 
 hearth. Among the Ovaherer6 tribe of South Africa " the eldest 
 
 unmarried daughter of the chief has charge of the sacred fire, 
 
 since this must never be allowed to go out". (6*. Af. Folk-lore 
 
 Journal^ ii, 66.) 
 
 Whether, as in the Catskin stories — which, according to some 
 authorities, are based upon nature-myths connected with the 
 
 1 PerMult^ xcv» 2 gee note on Helpful animals. 
 
 * Athettceum^ Nov. 26, 1881, p. 702. 
 
PREFACE. XXXVll 
 
 phenomena of day and night, or of the seasons of the year — our 
 heroine be an originally brilliant being reduced to a state of 
 temporary obscurity or eclipse, but eventually restored to her 
 pristine splendour ; or whether she be merely the " Cinderella", 
 the lovely-natured, ill-treated member of the family whose loveli- 
 ness cannot for ever be hidden, or whose worth go unrewarded ; 
 in every case 
 
 " Beauty, truth, and rarity, 
 
 Grace in all simpHcity, 
 
 Here enclosed in cinders lie." 
 
 And thus it is that in works of the most diverse character upon 
 legendary subjects, one may for ever be detecting, with dangerous 
 facility, some element of the Cinderella story. For instance, we 
 recognise our heroine under one of her many disguises in the 
 story of Crow, the maiden of mean attire and low estate, who in 
 the end turns out to be Aslaug, a princess, daughter of Sigfred 
 and Brunhild. The first part of her pretty story is given in 
 the Volsunga Saga (c. 43), and, with some abridgment, runs as 
 folio ws^: — 
 
 When Heimir heard of the death of Sigurd and Brynhild, 
 Aslaug their daughter and Heimir's foster-child was three win- 
 ters old. Knowing that men would seek to destroy the child and 
 all her race, and that he could not hide her in Hlyndalir, Heimir 
 caused a harp to be made, large enough to enclose her ; and, for- 
 saking his kingdom and his goods, he journeyed far till he reached 
 Norway. And he put many costly dresses and much gold and 
 precious jewels in the harp, which was so cunningly contrived 
 that it could be taken asunder at pleasure. He gave the child a 
 narcotic leek {vimlaukr) to eat, whose property was such that any 
 one partaking of it could long subsist without other food. And 
 so he journeyed till he reached a little farm called Spangarheide. 
 Here the peasant Aki dwelt with his wife Grima ; but there were 
 no other dwellers there. The man was away in the forest in the 
 daytime, but the old woman received Heimir, and kindled a fire 
 for him, and was mighty talkative as he sat and warmed himself, 
 with his harp on the seat beside him. Full many a look she gave 
 at the harp, for a corner of some costly garment was sticking out 
 
 1 Raszmann, Die Deutsche Heldensage, i, 289 ff. 
 
XXXVIU PREFACE. 
 
 of it ; moreover, she spied a rich gold ring under the rags that 
 the stranger wore. And after he had warmed himself and supped 
 he bade the old woman lead him to where he could sleep through 
 the night. Better would he fare outside than in, she said, be- 
 cause she and her old man are wont to talk a good deal when he 
 comes home. So he took his harp and followed her out to 
 the barn, where he might sleep undisturbed. When the old man 
 returned he scolded his wife for having neglected her duties ; 
 and she explained that a man had come, asking for a night's 
 lodging, and she deemed that he carried gieat riches with him ; 
 in truth, she had never seen his like before, so mighty he seemed, 
 though weary. Then she tried to arouse the old man's jealousy, 
 and thus egged him on to slay the stranger. He sharpened his 
 axe, and she led him to where Heimir slept, and loudly snored. 
 She took the harp and ran away, and the peasant dealt him 
 a deadly blow with the axe and rushed forth with the utmost 
 speed. And, at the great cry which Heimir raised, the posts of 
 the barn gave way, and the whole building fell in, for there was 
 a mighty earthquake. 
 
 Anon, when the old woman broke open the harp she found the 
 maid and the great riches inside. They questioned the child 
 about her race, but she answered never a word. Then Grima 
 said she should be called Kraka (Crow) after her mother, and, 
 because of the child's great beauty, she shaved off her hair and 
 smeared her head with tar, that it should not grow again. And 
 she put a large hat on her, and clothed her meanly. Thus they 
 thought to make her pass for their own child. They gave her all 
 the roughest work to do ; and so Aslaug grew up in utter 
 wretchedness. But the old man and his wife thought her dumb, 
 because she never answered them. 
 
 What further befell Aslaug is related in the Saga of Ragnar 
 Lodbrok (c. 4-8), from which the following abstract is made : — 
 Ragnar Lodbrok, son of King Sigurd Ring, sails to Norway 
 and lands not far from Spangarheide. He sends his scullions 
 on land to bake some bread, and they come to the farm of Aki 
 and Grima. They ask the old woman to help them, but she says 
 that her hands are too stiff; but her daughter Kraka will soon be 
 in, and will be at their service. Kraka had gone out early to 
 drive the cattle to pasture. But, on seeing the ship coming 
 
PREFACE. XXXIX 
 
 to land, she had washed herself in spite of the old woman's 
 injunction. (The old woman did not wish her great beauty to be 
 seen, for she was the fairest of maids, and her hair, which reached 
 even to the ground, was like silk.) So, when she returns, Ragnar's 
 men marvel at her beauty, and ask the old woman if she is her 
 daughter. Grima assents to their question. Kraka kneads the 
 bread for them ; but during the baking they can only watch the 
 maiden, and so the bread gets burned. Ragnar inquires where 
 they baked the bread, and they tell him, and also confess that 
 they could not attend to their business because of a very lovely 
 girl, of beauty no less rare than that of Thora, his first wife. 
 Ragnar will forgive them if this be true, and he sends messengers 
 to fetch her, if she be indeed so fair, to be his wife. But she 
 must come neither clad nor unclad, neither fed nor unfed, she 
 must not come alone, and yet no one must accompany her.^ The 
 message is delivered to Kraka, and she promises to come on the 
 morrow. So she wraps herself in a fishing-net, letting her long 
 hair fall over it, eats a morsel of leek, takes a dog with her, and 
 sets out to the ship.^ Ragnar invites her to come aboard; he 
 leads her to his cabin. She will not consent to accompany him 
 on his voyage ; but if, on his return, he is of the same mind, then 
 she will fare with him. He offers her Thora's gold embroidered 
 dress, which she dechnes.^ Then she goes home, and Ragnar 
 continues his voyage. On his return the king puts in at the same 
 port, and sends his men for Kraka. She tells the old people that 
 she is going thence, and that she knows that they have slain her 
 foster-father Heimir, wherefore she leaves a curse behind her. 
 Ragnar takes her to his home, and then marries her. After 
 she has borne him many children, Ragnar, journeying to Sweden, 
 becomes acquainted with Ingebiorg, the daughter of King Eystein. 
 His followers urge him to woo her, and to put the peasant's 
 
 1 Comp. the Irish tale of Diarmaid and Graine. There is a trace also of Aslaug 
 in Grimm's story (No. 94), " Die kluge Bauer ntochter". 
 
 2 In the Norse epigonic poem of the Ragnar Cycle, Crow says to the king at 
 their meeting, " I dare not break the command ye laid upon me, nor the order ve 
 gave me, Ragnar. There is no one with me ; my body is not bare ; I have smelt 
 but at a leek ; I am come alone." [Corpus Poeticum Boreale, ii, 346.) 
 
 3 "I dare not take the silver-broidered sark that Thora Hart had", she says in 
 the poem, "it will not befit me. I am called Crow because in coal-black raiment 
 I have tramped over the pebbles and driven the goats along the shore." [C. P. B., 
 "' 347- ) The date of these verses is the end of the nth century. 
 
Xl PREFACE. 
 
 daughter away. Ingebiorg is betrothed to him, and he strictly 
 enjoins his people to say no word about it when they get back. 
 But Kraka hears of it, and speaks thereof to her husband, 
 making believe that three birds have told her ; and she now makes 
 known that she is the daughter of Sigurd Fafnirsbane and of 
 Brunhild, and relates how she came to the peasants' homestead. 
 
 It is unnecessary to point out the striking parallels which the 
 above narrative presents to the common incidents of the folk- 
 tale. Again, we get the obscure and servile condition of the 
 heroine, a salient element in the Cinderella story, in the Epic 
 Gudrun. Here it is due to the anger of a would-be mother-in- 
 law. The same element occurs in the story of Cupid and 
 Psyche in a form still more closely akin to Cinderella. 
 
 Numberless instances might be adduced in which a hero or 
 heroine must undergo a term of servitude before fulfilling an 
 exalted destiny. Apollo tended the flocks of Admetus, and was 
 doomed to serve Laomedon for a wage. Hercules was for 
 twelve years in the service of Eurystheus, after which he became 
 immortal. M. Loys Brueyre^ refers to Perouik FIdiot (Em. Sou- 
 vestre), a popular version of the old romance of Perceval, as furnish- 
 ing the Celtic type of Cendrillon. The hero begins by being stupid 
 to the length of mistaking deer for goats, and finishes by achiev- 
 ing great things. In short, the detached elements of the Cinder- 
 ella story, as well as of the nearly allied Catskin story, are folk- 
 tale commonplaces, though they are nowhere united into a whole 
 that could account, by literary filiation, for the story as we find it 
 in Italy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. 
 
 The shoe incident, perhaps the most salient feature of Cinder- 
 ella proper, was probably a story-telling commonplace before it 
 was introduced into the German poem of King Rother, which 
 was written in the early part of the twelfth century. It may be 
 serviceable briefly to summarise the earlier contents of this 
 poem, in order to show in what connection the shoe incident 
 occurs. Rother, King of Rome, is urged to marry. His kins- 
 man, the good hero Lupolt, knows of a rich king's daughter 
 over the Eastern Sea at Constantinople; her father is called 
 Constantine. Surpassing fair is she, but hitherto no man has 
 ever sought her but has lost his life. The king sends Lupolt 
 
 . 1 Contes pop. de la Grande Bretagne, p. 44. 
 
PREFACE. Xli 
 
 with a large following to woo the princess for him. They are at 
 first well received by King Constantine ; but, when Lupolt makes 
 known his errand, they are all thrown into prison. Presently, 
 King Rother is counselled himself to journey to Constantinople. 
 He sets out, accompanied by the giant Asprian and others from 
 giant-land, Rother assuming the name of Thiderich throughout 
 the expedition. Constantine and his lords are much alarmed to 
 see them arrive ; but Thiderich makes believe that he is seeking 
 protection from the powerful King Rother. During their stay at 
 the court, Constantine's daughter, having seen Thiderich and 
 fallen in love with him, sends her attendant, Herlint, to bid him 
 to her apartment. Fearing treachery, he will not go; but he 
 forthwith sets his goldsmith to cast two silver and two gold shoes, 
 and gives two of them to Herlint. Under Asprian's advice, he 
 gives, however, both the shoes for the same foot. The princess 
 obtains possession of the shoes and puts on the gold one ; but as 
 the silver shoe will not fit, she again sends Herlint to Thiderich 
 to ask him to give her the fellow-shoe, and to come and see her. 
 He sends the shoe, and, when he presently visits the princess, 
 she welcomes him, and bids him put it on her foot. He sits at 
 her feet, and she places her foot on his knee. Then he bids her 
 confess, as she is a Christian, which of all her wooers has pleased 
 her best. She vows that amongst all the heroes whom she has 
 seen not one is his peer. But, could she have her choice, she 
 would take the brave hero whose messengers are even now in her 
 father's dungeons; otherwise she must ever go unwed. His 
 name is Rother, and he dwells westwards over the sea. Then 
 he makes known to her that her feet are in King Rother's 
 lap. 
 
 More simple use is made of the same incident in the middle 
 thirteenth century Thidrekssaga : — 
 
 The Wilcini take Oda, the daughter of King Melias, and all 
 her portable property, from the castle, and bring her to their 
 leader, who says to her that, since her father would not give her 
 to King Osangtrix, he will carry her to his master, and so win his 
 goodwill. And he takes a silver shoe, and, placing the king's 
 daughter on his knee, he draws it on her foot. It is neither too 
 large nor too small, but fits as though it were made for her. 
 Removing the silver shoe, he tries one of red gold, which fits 
 
xlii PREFACE. 
 
 even better. Then he makes known that he himself is King 
 Osangtrix.i 
 
 The German custom lays stress on the shoeing of the bride ; 
 the Russian saga, on the other hand, points to the customary 
 shoeing of the bridegroom.^ In 980, Vladimir wooed the daugh- 
 ter of Ragvald, who disdainfully rejected him, saying, " I will not 
 shoe the son of a servant-girl." (Nestor, Schloz.^ 5, 198; Miili., 
 150; Ewers, p. 116.) 
 
 According to Prof, de Gubernatis {Zoological Mythology^ ii, 
 281^), " Ahalya (the evening Aurora) in the ashes is the germ of 
 the story of Cinderella, and of the daughter of the King of Dacia, 
 persecuted by her lover, her father himself." He even considers 
 that the legend of the lost slipper reposes " entirely upon the 
 double meaning of the word apad^ i.e., who has no foot, or what 
 is the measure of the foot, which may be either the footstep or 
 the slipper" (^/. «V., i, 31). This stretch of the " solar theory" 
 would indeed make of the beautiful story of Cinderella 
 
 "... a doubtful tale from fairy-land, 
 Hard for the non-elect to understand." 
 
 But as a system of explanation in the present case this theory has 
 been conclusively handled by Mr. Lang in his Introduction to 
 Perrault (p. c). As Mr. Ralston has said, in his interesting study 
 of the story of Cinderella^: "There is a vast difference between 
 regarding as a nature-myth in general the germ of the legends 
 from which have sprung the stories of the Cinderella cycle, and 
 identifying with precision the particular atmospheric phenomenon 
 which all its heroes and heroines are supposed to symbolise. 
 And there is an equally wide difference between the reasonable- 
 ness of seeking for a mythological explanation of a legend when 
 traced back to its oldest known form, and the utter absurdity of 
 attempting to squeeze a mythical meaning out of every incident 
 
 1 See Raszmann, Die Deutsche Heldensage, ii, 176 ff. 
 
 2 See Grimm, Deutsche Rechtsalterthiimer, 155-6. 
 
 3 See also his Letture sopra la mitologia Vedica, pp. 68, 69, 88, 89, and a paper 
 on "Catskin ; the EngHsh and Irish Peaud'Ane", contributed \.o Folk-lore Record, 
 iii, pt. I, pp. 1-25, by Mr. Henry Charles Coote, who considers that Asia saw the 
 birth and first circulation of the story, its parentage being a Vedic myth, afterwards 
 embodied in the Rigveda. The solar, lunar, and astronomical guises of Cinderella 
 are paralleled by the different appearances of Aurora. 
 
 4 Nineteenth Century, Nov. 1879, p. 848. 
 
 \'i, 
 
1>REFACE. Xliii 
 
 in a modern nursery tale, which has, perhaps, been either con- 
 siderably enlarged, or cruelly ' clippit and nippit' by successive 
 generations of rustic repeaters, and has most certainly been 
 greatly modified and dressed by its literary introducers into polite 
 society." 
 
 In dealing with the " unlawful marriage" opening of the 
 Rashie-Coat story, Mr. Ralston writes : " Mythologists say that 
 all stories about such marriages mean nothing more than does 
 the dialogue in the Veda between Yama and his twin-sister 
 Yami, in which * she (the night) implores her brother (the day) 
 to make her his wife, and he declines her offer, because, as he 
 says, "They have thought it sin that a brother should marry 
 his sister.'"^ But by many eyes these narratives are regarded 
 as ancient traditions which preserve the memory of customs 
 long obsolete and all but forgotten." The Russian story from 
 Athanas'ev (to which I refer on p. 150) of the girl who, pursued 
 by her brother, sinks into the earth, and so escapes, and the 
 similar Polish story from Wojcicki (No. 205, p. 428), find their 
 parallel in genuine savage folk-lore. In a Zulu tale,^ a girl, whose 
 brother is pursuing her with murderous intent, exclaims, " Open, 
 earth ! that I may enter, for I am about to die this day"; where- 
 upon "the earth opened, and Untombi-yapansi entered". Her 
 subsequent adventures, also, are akin to those of Cinderella. 
 Originally "her body glistened, for she was like brass", but "she 
 took some black earth and smeared her body with it", and 
 so eclipsed her natural radiance. Eventually, however, she was 
 watched by the chief, who saw her, " dirty, and very black", enter 
 a pool, and emerge from it " with her body glistening like brass", 
 put on garments and ornaments which arose out of the ground, 
 and behave altogether like the brilliant heroine she really was. 
 "There seems to be good reason", says Mr. Ralston, "for looking 
 upon Untombi-yapansi as a Zulu Cinderella. But how far a 
 foreign influence has been exercised upon the Zulu tale it would 
 be difiicult to decide." 
 
 The "unlawful marriage" opening which characterises the second 
 group of the Cinderella variants has been utilised in the legend- 
 ary histories of Christian saints, in a number of mediaeval romances, 
 
 1 Max Miiller, Lectures on the Science of Lxinguage, sixth ed,, ii, 557. 
 - Callaway, Nursery Tales, etc., of the Zulus, i, 300 ;z. 
 
 d2 
 
Xliv PREFACE. 
 
 and in the Mysteries based on the same. In the sequence of 
 events to which it leads in romantic and legendary literature, 
 many incidents of the folk-tale are reproduced ; but these belong 
 more especially to another class of story, of which, therefore, 
 before examining the legends themselves, I may here give a few 
 examples. The episodes most frequently met with in the romances 
 may be thus briefly enumerated : 
 
 1. Flight of daughter from enamoured father. 
 
 2. Hands cut off and afterwards miraculously restored. 
 
 3. Persecution by mother-in-law (less frequently by stepmother) 
 and fraudulent exchange of letters. 
 
 4. Reunion in distant lands of father and daughter, husband 
 and wife. 
 
 In the Lithuanian story of the holy Margarita (Leskien und 
 Brugman, LitauUche Volkslieder und Mdrchen, pp. 505-508, 
 No. 46), the stepmother calumniates the heroine to her absent 
 brother, the duke, who at length sends orders for Margarita's 
 arms to be cut off to the elbow, and for her to be turned out into 
 the wilderness. She strays into the garden of a foreign king, 
 whose son marries her. During his absence, she bears a son 
 with a star to the right and left, and moonlight on the back of 
 his head. The wicked stepmother writes to inform the prince 
 that his wife has borne a monster. After receiving a third letter 
 to this effect, he writes word that the child is to be bound to 
 the mother's breast, and that she is to be turned out. Whilst 
 Margarita is stooping to drink at a well, the bandage tears and 
 the child falls into the water. She plunges her stumps in to 
 recover it, and her arms are restored ; but she cannot save the 
 child. Presently she returns to the well, and finds the Mother of 
 God holding the child, who is able to talk, and proposes to its 
 mother that they should set out together in search of food. 
 After a time they come to the palace where her brother is. 
 A great feast is being held, and the heroine relates to the duke, 
 the king, her stepmother, and many others assembled on the 
 balcony, the story of the life of Saint Margarita. The duke 
 recognises his lost sister, and the wicked stepmother is burnt to 
 death. 
 
 In Gonzenbach's twenty-fourth story, "Von der schonen 
 Wirthstochter" {Sicilianische Mdrchen^ i, 148), the heroine's mother, 
 
 V,l 
 
PREFACE. Xlv 
 
 who keeps an Inn, is jealous of her daughter's beauty, and shuts her 
 up. A king, however, catches sight of her, and marries her. 
 During his absence at the war the heroine bears a child, and her 
 mother-in-law writes to tell the king. The messenger stops at 
 the mother's inn, and the mother takes the opportunity of ex- 
 changing the letter for another, announcing that the queen has 
 borne a monster. The king writes word that his wife and child 
 are to be taken every care of; but again the heroine's mother 
 intercepts the messenger and substitutes a letter containing the 
 order that the queen's hands be cut off, her child bound to her 
 arms, and that she be cast forth. St. Joseph finds her, creates 
 a castle for them to inhabit together, and restores her hands. 
 Some time afterwards, the king, losing his way when out hunting, 
 comes to the castle and asks St. Joseph for a night's lodging. 
 In the morning his wife and child are restored to him.^ 
 
 There is a Greek variant, entitled "La Belle sans Mains" 
 (Legrand, Contes pop. Grecs^ pp. 241-256), which story, says 
 Legrand, is a feeble echo of the legend entitled "D'une reine 
 du pays francs dont la toute-puissante Notre-Dame guerit les 
 mains coupees". This legend was inserted by the Cretan monk 
 Agapios in his ^AfiaprwXwu 'S.wTrjpia, a curious book, which is still 
 as popular in Greece as it was two centuries ago. Probably 
 Agapios was acquainted with some Italian imitation of the " Roman 
 de la Manekine", of which he made use.^ 
 
 These folk-tale examples will suffice for comparison with such 
 of the legends as have more points of resemblance with stories of 
 this class than with the story of Peau d'Ane. 
 
 After collating the several legends which bear upon the 
 adventures of Cinderella in some of the numerous ramifications 
 
 1 For other examples of stories of this type, with certain modifications, cf. 
 Archivio per lo studio delle trad, popolari, vol. i, p. 520, "Madre Oliva" ; 
 Athanas'ev, pt. 3, Nos. 6, 13 ; Blad^, Contes de tArmagtihc, p. 53 ; Fleury, Litt. 
 ovale de la Basse Normandie, p. 151; Karajich, No. 33; Nerucci, No. 51; 
 Pentamerone, "La Penta Manomozza"; VrohXe, Kinder- und Volksmdrchen,'i:^o: 
 36; Prym and Socin, No, 52 (second half); Schneller, No. 50; S^billot, Contes 
 i>op. de la Haute Bretagne, i, No. 15; Contes de paysans et de phheurs, p. 215; 
 Steere, Swahili Tales, p. 393; Zingerle, ii, 124. Compare Grimm's "Girl without 
 Hands" and " Lo Castell de iras y no hi venras", in Lo Rondallayre, pt. i, p. 60. 
 
 - Alessandro d'Ancona refers to the Miracoli delta Madonna as affording the 
 theme of the Rappresentazione di Stella This book may have been in the hands 
 of Agapios. 
 
Xlvi PREFACE. 
 
 of the story, I found that M, le Comte de Puymaigre, in his 
 work entitled Folklore (Paris, 1885, pp. 253-277), had made a 
 precis of some of the same material. I am therefore glad to 
 economise further time, having already given much to the 
 subject, by here and there combining his work with my own 
 in the remarks which follow. " La fiUe aux mains coupees" 
 forms the motif of his study in connection with the legends. 
 Only one of the Cinderella variants, namely, the Serbian, ^ con- 
 tains the incident of cutting off the hand in order to repulse 
 the unnatural father. M. de Puymaigre met with this in the 
 course of translating Victorial^ a. book of the fifteenth century, 
 by Gutierre Dias de Games, giving the life of Don Pero Nino, to 
 whom Games was alferez. Accompanying Don Pero to France, 
 Games became acquainted with an episode which he considered 
 revealed the cause of the long wars between that country and 
 England. Games relates how a certain duke of Guienne, after 
 the death of his wife, fell in love with his own daughter,'^ who, 
 rather than that her father should kiss her hands, prevailed 
 on a servant to cut them off. On discovering the mutilation, 
 the enraged duke calls a council to consider what death she 
 shall die. But the punishment which the law ordains for 
 a woman of royal lineage is not death. She is accordingly 
 put to sea alone in a boat, together with all her belongings, 
 including a silver basin containing her hands and the blood. 
 After much weeping and praying she falls asleep. The Virgin 
 appears to her in a dream, and the girl prays her to restore her 
 hands and take her safely to land. The Virgin promises her 
 reward and honour. When the girl wakes, her hands are whole. 
 A soft wind blowing from the French coast drives her boat to 
 the shores of England. The son of the English king, returning 
 with his fleet from Ireland, discovers her, listens to her strange 
 eventful history, and marries her. Finally, when the Due de 
 Guienne dies, without heir, the English prince goes to Guienne, 
 and claims the duchy for his wife. The French will not give it 
 
 1 No. 169, p. 370* 
 
 2 Perhaps El^onore of Guienne, suggests M. de Puymaigre, the same El^onore 
 whose parents, according to Philippe Mousket [Chronique, i, 245), were the Due 
 d'Aquitaine and the devil who assumed the form of a woman. In such case 
 Games has mingled recollections of the first wife of Louis VII with a fable of 
 obvious antiquity. 
 
 I 
 
PREFACE. Xlvii 
 
 up, but drive him from the country. The duke had never been 
 reconciled to his daughter, though he had heard of the miracle ; 
 and, feeling his end approaching, he had given the duchy to the 
 King of France. This, says Games, was the beginning of the 
 war which has lasted to the present day.^ 
 
 The above theme, orally transmitted in the folk-tale at the 
 present day, is found in most of the mediaeval literatures of the 
 West, amongst Celts, Anglo-Saxons, and Normans. One of the 
 oldest forms of the saga is that found in the Vitae duorum 
 Ojfarum^ by Matthew Paris. ^ 
 
 In the Vita Offae Frimi we read of Offa as the king of the West 
 Angles. One day, when hunting in the forest, he finds a beautiful 
 
 1 As I have explained above, the Comte de Puymaigre has studied the legends 
 more especially in connection with the incident of cutting off the hands. To cite 
 his interesting remarks upon the possible origin of this strange incident would be 
 to digress too widely from my own subject. I may say, however, that M. de 
 Puymaigre considers Games' version to be the most ancient of those that he has 
 examined, because it is the shortest and the least complicated. Games may have 
 learnt it from oral tradition. If he borrowed from the Manekine it would be 
 unlike his wont — so thinks M. de Puymaigre, judging from such evidence as the 
 Victorial affords — to refrain from giving the romance in its entirety. 
 
 2 The following particulars are from Hardy's Descriptive Catalogue of MSS. 
 relating to the Early History of Great Britain, vol. i, p. 498 ff. : — 
 
 "A.D. 796. Vitae duorum Offarum, sive Offanoruin, Merciorum Regum, 
 Cmnobii Sancti Albani Fundatorum, per Matthceum Paris. 
 
 ' ' The elder Offa was the son of Warmund, king of the West Angles, who built thf^ 
 city of Warwick. His pretended history seems to be pure fable, based on the same 
 materials that were used by Saxo Grammaticus in his account of Warmund and Ofifa ; 
 but Saxo declares that the acts of Offa after Warmund's death were lost. In the 
 Saxon genealogies of the Mercian kings, Warmund, the father of the elder Offa, was 
 the fourth from Woden, and Crida, the seventh in descent from Warmund, was the 
 first who reigned as king of Mercia. 
 
 "The life of the second or real Offa is, to a great extent, as fabulous as that of the 
 first Offa. The writer has taken as his groundwork the few notices relating to Ofifa 
 which occur in Henry of Huntingdon and William of Malmesbury, and these he has 
 enlarged or added to at his pleasure. Now, there is not a single incident worthy of 
 credit in the whole of this biography that is not derived from these sources. Wats is 
 of opinion that though these two lives may not have been wholly written by Matthew 
 Paris, yet that the style had been polished by him. That they were not both written 
 by him seems pretty clear, as Wendover had, previous to his time, made use of the 
 life of the historic Offa (see Coxe's Roger of Wendover, vol. i, p. 251). We have the 
 alternative, therefore, of supposing that the life of the mythic Offa was written by 
 Matthew Paris, after his return from Norway, whither he had been sent by Pope 
 Innocent IV, in the year 1248, on a special mission, having possibly been suggested 
 to him, during his stay in Scandinavia ; or, that the tradition carried with them into 
 England by the Angles had been taken up and adapted by Matthew Paris." 
 
Xlviii PREFACE. 
 
 maiden in royal garb. He questions her, and learns that her father, 
 the king of York, had fallen in love with her, and, because she 
 would not yield to his wishes, had caused her to be conveyed to a 
 remote waste-land, there to be cruelly slain and left to the beasts. 
 But the agents of this doom have spared her life. Offa takes her 
 home with him, entrusts her to the care of certam courtiers, and 
 some years afterwards makes her his wife, and she bears him lovely 
 children. The king of Northumbria, harassed by the Scots and 
 certain of his own subjects, seeks the aid of Oifa, at the same time 
 asking for the hand of his daughter, and promising to acknowledge 
 him his sovereign. These terms are sworn on the Gospels. Offa 
 sets off to the North, defeats the Scots, and sends his people the 
 news of the war. The bearer of the letters is waylaid by Offa's 
 son-in-law, who makes him drunk, and, whilst he sleeps, robs him 
 of his letters,^ substituting others which announce that Offa has 
 been vanquished, that he considers his misfortune a judgment of 
 God on account of his sin in having married the forest girl, and 
 that she and her children are accordingly to be conveyed to some 
 desert place, and left to perish. This letter reaches its destina- 
 tion ; the magnates dare not disobey ; the queen is cast out ; moved 
 by her beauty, the executioners spare her, but hack the children in 
 pieces. A hermit finds the queen through hearing the piercing 
 cries which proceed from the corpses; he places the mutilated 
 limbs together, and resuscitates the children through his prayers. 
 When Offa returns he hears with horror of what has been done 
 during his absence. Seeking to solace his grief in hunting, he one 
 day finds in the cave of the hermit the wife and children whom he 
 had believed dead. In his gratitude he vows to found a monas- 
 tery at the hermit's request. But this promise is only redeemed 
 by Offa II, in the founding of St. Alban's. 
 
 The more usual incident of the exposure in the boaf^ has been 
 
 1 The incident of the intercepted letter occurs in a number of folk-tales. For 
 example, cf. Cosquin, Conies po^. de Lorraine, ii, 108-9; Grimm, No. 29, "The 
 Devil with the Three Golden Hairs"; and No. 31, "The Girl without Hands"; 
 Magyar Folk-tales, pp. 52, 185, 335; Satuja ja Tarinoita, "Antti Puuhaara." 
 Saxo relates how Amieth of Fengo is sent with a letter to the king of Britain, order- 
 ing the death of the bearer. Compare the case of Bellerophon {Iliad, vi, 155 sq.) ; 
 also David's letter to Joab (2 Sam. xi, 14) ; and the minister's plot against Chan- 
 drahasa frustrated by Bikya in the Mahdbhdrata. 
 
 2 Tiie fable of Danae, daughter of Acrisius, may be considered the germ of the 
 similar incident introduced into so many of the legends. Danae and her infant were 
 
PREFACE. xlix 
 
 reserved for the following story, related of the wife of King Offa II. 
 There lived in the land of the Franks, a maiden of noble rank 
 and of great beauty, but of evil disposition. She was a kinswoman 
 of Charles the Great. On account of some disgraceful offence she 
 was placed, with but scanty provision, in a boat with neither rudder 
 nor sail, and abandoned to the waves. After long voyaging she 
 landed in the kingdom of Offa, and being taken before the king, 
 she related, in her mother tongue, the cause of her banishment. 
 She had been sought in marriage by one of lowly birth, whom she 
 had rejected, not v/ishing to debase the blood of her race ; and it 
 was in consequence of the schemes of this disappointed suitor that 
 she had been exposed. Her name was Drida. King Offa con 
 fided the girl to the care of his mother, the Countess Marcella. 
 As soon as she recovered her strength her old wildness returned 
 with her beauty. Offa married her secretly ; but, when his parents 
 heard of it, they died of grief. Drida was called, after her mar- 
 riage, Quendrida, /.^., Regina Drida. She was also called Petro- 
 nilla.i 
 
 The same theme forms the basis of the Roman de la Mamkine^ 
 (MS. de la Bibliotheque Royale, No. 7609), written in verse 
 by Philippe de Reimes, a trouvere of the thirteenth century.^ 
 It tells how the King of Hungary, left a widower, is urged 
 by his barons to marry again. Having promised the late queen 
 that he would marry only a woman exactly resembling her, 
 he now seeks to wed his daughter Joie. She, horrified at 
 the proposal, cuts off her left hand, which falls into the stream 
 
 exposed on the sea in a chest, saved by some fishermen off the coast of the island of 
 Seriphus, and carried by them to Polydectes, king of that country, who afterwards 
 fell in love with her. 
 
 The punishment of exposure in an empty boat recurs in the story of Ragnar 
 Lodbrok [Lappenberg, i, 300). 
 
 1 See Hermann Suchier's ' ' Sage von Offa und fTy'So " in Paul und Braune, Beitrdge 
 zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache ttnd Literatur, vol. iv, pp. 500-21 ; Halle, 1877. 
 Suchier thinks the oldest versions of the saga are connected with the story of J:7ry'5a 
 in Beowulf (see op. cit. , p. 518). 
 
 2 An analysis of /a Manekine is given in V Histoire littdraire de la France, 
 t. xxii, p. 864. See also t. xv, p. 394; t. xxii, p. 228; t. xxiii, p. 680. 
 
 ^ This is the Philippe of Beaumanoir who wrote the Coutumes du Beauvoisis and 
 ihe Blonde d' Oxford. Suchier thinks (see op. «V.)that he most probably visited 
 England in his youth, and there made acquaintance with the Manekine. He con- 
 
 ders it improbable that the Vita Offae Primi was his source, as Philippe's version 
 does not share in its disfigurements. 
 
1 PREFACE. 
 
 flowing beneath the kitchen where she performs the deed. Her 
 father is furious, and condemns her to be burnt ahve. A dummy 
 {mannequin — whence the title of the ronian) is put in Joie's 
 place, and she is embarked, and lands in Scotland, where the 
 king meets her, falls in love with her, and marries her. (The 
 resemblance with the legend from Victorial ceases at this point, 
 and the subsequent events run parallel with the incidents in that 
 class of folk-tale of which I 'have given specimens.) During .the 
 absence of her husband, who has gone to take part in a tournament 
 arranged by the King of France, Joie bears a son. The mother-in- 
 law intercepts the letter which should announce the news to the 
 king, and substitutes another, saying that Joie has borne a monster. 
 The king writes that nothing is to be done till his return ; his 
 mother exchanges this letter for one ordering the seneschal 
 to burn Joie. Once more she is saved by the substitution of a 
 dummy, and she embarks with her child. The king returns, 
 learns the truth, locks up his mother, and sets out in search 
 of his wife from Phrygia to India Major. After seven years he 
 finds her in Rome, where she had found shelter in the house of a 
 senator. The King of Hungary, overburdened with remorse, is 
 there also, to make public confession in church. Witnessing his 
 repentance, Joie makes herself known. Her hand, which had 
 been swallowed by a sturgeon, is found in the fountain, and, in 
 consequence of the Pope's benediction, it unites again with her 
 arm. 
 
 Another version of the Manekine legend is related by Nicholas 
 Trivet^ in his Anglo-Norman Chronicle. The date of this is 
 1334. Here there is no Catskin opening. The heroine is called 
 Constance, and she is the daughter of the Emperor Tiberius 
 Constantinus. 
 
 The Tale of Emare, in the Cotton MS. Caligula A. ii, printed 
 by Ritson in his Ancient English Metrical Romances (London, 
 1802, vol. ii, pp. 204-247), seems, in all but its bad beginning, to 
 be merely an older version of the Constance story. 
 
 The outline of Emare is as follows : — An Emperor, named 
 
 1 Nicholas Trivet was an English Dominican friar. He is said to have been 
 educpted in his early years in London, and afterwards to have studied at Oxford; 
 He informs us, in the prologue to the Annales Regtim Angliccs that he spent some 
 time in study in Paris, 
 
PREFACE. li 
 
 Artyus, and his wife Erayne, have a daughter Emare. On the 
 death of Erayne the child is entrusted to a nurse named Abro, 
 One day the Emperor, seeing his daughter clad in a wondrous 
 cloth of gold, that had been presented to him by Sir Tergaunte, 
 King of Sicily, falls in love with and seeks to wed her.'^ He gets 
 a bull from the Pope, but she refuses him, and is in consequence 
 exposed, clad " in the robe of noble blee", in a boat which drifts 
 to Galys. Here she becomes the wife of the king. Her husband 
 joins the King of France in the war against the Saracens, and 
 during his absence Emare bears a son, Segramour. The letter 
 which should announce the news to the king is exchanged by the 
 king's mother, and the false letter informs him that his wife has 
 borne a monster. The kindly answer which he sends in return 
 is converted by the queen-mother into a cruel sentence. Ac- 
 cordingly, Emare is a second time exposed. She arrives at 
 Rome, and is taken to the house of a merchant named lurdan. 
 The king returns from the wars, and banishes his mother on dis- 
 covering her treachery. After some years he goes to Rome to 
 get absolution. He lodges at the house where Emare dwells, 
 and is served by his own son. The old emperor, Emare's father, 
 also goes to the Pope, and the joyful reunion ensues. 
 
 The same story has been versified at great length, with certain 
 slight variations, 2 and under different names, by the poet Gower, 
 in the second book of his Confessio Amantis (vol. i, pp. 179-213, 
 of Dr. Pauli's edition), and after him by Chaucer in his Man of 
 Lawes Tale,^ The former, who makes the lady whom he calls 
 Constance, or Custen, daughter of Tiberius Constantyn, a fabu- 
 lous Christian Emperor of Rome, refers to "the cronike" as 
 his authority. 
 
 The story likewise occurs, much altered and abridged, in // 
 Pecorotie^ by Ser Giovanni Fiorentino (Day i, Nov. 10). The 
 following is an outline : — 
 
 The Princess Denise, of France, to avoid a disagreeable mar- 
 
 1 Gower and Chaucer relate this part of the story in a different way, omitting 
 the Catskin incident* 
 
 2 For the chief alterations see preface to Trivet's Life of Constance in Originals 
 and Analogues of some of Chaucer' s Canterbury TaleS) edited by Furnivall, Brock, 
 and Clouston, p; vi. 
 
 3 Chaucer tells the story in much shorter compassi Fcir any striking differences 
 see op. cit. , vii. 
 
Hi PREFACE. 
 
 riage with an old German prince, escapes into England, and 
 is there received into a convent. The king, passing that way, 
 falls in love with and espouses her. Afterwards, Vhile he is 
 engaged in a war in Scotland, his wife bears twins. The queen- 
 mother sends to acquaint her son that his spouse has given birth 
 to two monsters. In place of the king's answer ordering them to 
 be nevertheless brought up with the utmost care, she substitutes 
 a mandate for their destruction, and also for that of the queen. 
 The person to whom the execution of this command is entrusted 
 allows the queen to depart with her twin children to Genoa. At 
 the end of some years, she discovers her husband at Rome 
 on his way to a crusade ; she there presents him with his children, 
 and is brought back with him in triumph to England. 
 
 In Ritson's opinion, the author " may seem to have been in- 
 debted to a MS. of the National Library, Paris (No. 8701 ; a 
 paper book written in 1370), entitled Fabula romanensis de rege 
 Francorum^ etc?-', but there can be little doubt that this novel 
 was adapted from Nicholas Trivet's Life of Constance, whose 
 Chronicles were written at least forty years before Ser Giovanni 
 began to compose his work in 1378 (it was not printed till 1558), 
 while the Canterbury Tales were probably written very soon after, 
 if not some of them before, that date.^ 
 
 We meet with another version of the same theme in a German 
 Volksbuch. Here it is used to point a moral as well as to adorn 
 a tale, with the following title, both critical and exegetical : Eine 
 schdne anmuthige und lesenswiirdige Historic von der geduldigen 
 Helena, Tochter des Kaiser Antonii, welche in aller Gedult so 
 viele Trangsalen und Widerwdrtigkeite?t mit hochster Leidsa^nkeit 
 und Starke sowohl bey Hofe, als in ihrer 2 2 jdhrigen Wanderschaft 
 ausgestanden. Allen Weibspersonen zuni Beyspiel, denen kuriosen 
 Liebhabern aber zum Schrocken in Druck gegeben. Koln am 
 Rhein und Niirnber^. This romance, according to Gorres,^ is 
 based upon an old poem under title : " Von eines Kiiniges 
 Tochter von Frankreich ein hiibsches Lesen, wie der Kiinig 
 
 1 The full title is Fabula romanensis de rege Francorum, cujus nomen rcHceiur, 
 qui infilia sua adulterium et incestum committere voluit. 
 
 2 See Clouston on "The Innocent Persecuted Wife", in Originals and Analogues ^ 
 pp. 367 ff. 
 
 3 J. Gorres, Die teutschen Volksbiicher (Heidelberg, 1807, p. 136, No, 18). 
 
PREFACE. liii 
 
 sle selbst zuo der Ee wolt hon, des sie doch got von im 
 behuot, und darumb sie vil triibsal und not erlidt, zuo letst ein 
 Kiinigin in Engellant ward." But Merzdorf, who has made an 
 elaborate study of this poem,^ agrees with Graesse^ in thinking the 
 Volksbuch version an abridged translation of a twelfth century 
 poetic romance by Alexander of Bernai or Paris, de la belle Helayne 
 de Constantinople mere de Sainct Martm de Tours en Tourayne, 
 
 The epic poem by Hans von BiiheF is in seventy-two quarto 
 pages, and relates how a king of France, whose name is nowhere 
 given, wanted to marry his own daughter, because she was the 
 image of her deceased mother. The daughter escapes alone in a 
 little ship from Calais, where she has been living with her father, 
 taking with her provisions, and materials for working in silk. She 
 is driven to England, landing near to London. Attracted by the 
 smoke from a little hut, she induces the peasants whom she finds 
 within to engage her to tend their cattle in return for her daily 
 bread. She weaves some beautiful silk, and the peasant woman 
 takes it to London for sale. The wife of the marshal going to 
 mass, buys it of the woman who sits at the cathedral entrance, and 
 also bids her bring all the silk she has to her. The marshal, 
 seeing the work, the like of which could not be produced in all the 
 kingdom, induces the peasant woman to reveal who has made it, 
 and the end of it is that he visits the French princess, and takes 
 her to live in his own house, and treats her as his own daughter. 
 It being the custom of the king (who is also nameless) to visit the 
 marshal's wife after the transaction of affairs with her husband, he 
 chances one day to see the princess, falls in love with her, and 
 shortly marries her with great ceremony and rejoicing. A sudden 
 invasion of the country by the king of Ireland and Scotland 
 necessitates the king's presence at the head of his army. The 
 poem goes on to relate the usual sequence of events, namely, 
 how during the king's absence the queen bore a son, and the 
 marshal to whose care she was confided sent tidings thereof 
 to the king; how the king's mother intercepted the letter, 
 
 1 See Des Buhelers Kmigstochtervon Frankreich, von Theod. Merzdorf; Olden- 
 burg, 1867, 
 
 2 See Graesse, Die Grossen Sagenkreise des Mittelalters. 
 
 3 Hans der Biiheler, or Hans von Buhel, was in the service of the Archbishop o 
 Cologne, Friederich von Sarwenden, and was settled in Boppelstorf, near Bonn, in 
 the beginning of the fifteenth century. 
 
liv PREFACE. 
 
 substituting another which stated that the queen had borne a 
 monster — half human, half animal ; how she also intercepted the 
 king's reply, and gave orders to the marshal in the king's name to 
 burn both queen and child ; how the marshal burnt two animals 
 in their stead, and put the queen and her child in the same ship 
 which had brought her thither ; how, after many hardships, she 
 at length reached Rome, and took service with a citizen, minding 
 his cattle and doing housework ; how, after a time, the Pope took 
 her son to live with him, and gave him land and people. And, 
 at last, how the kings of England and France, both on account 
 of their sins — the former havmg burnt his mother, the latter hav- 
 ing desired to wed his daughter — came to Rome to seek absolu- 
 tion ; how the joyful recognition ensued, and the heroine was 
 taken home, after calling on the way at Paris, where the French 
 king proclaimed his daughter heir to the throne. Having taken 
 part in the rejoicings in England, the French king, returns to his 
 capital, falls ill, and dies, before his daughter and son-in-law can 
 reach him ; but when they arrive their sovereign right is acknow- 
 ledged. The King of England and his son are recalled on account 
 of another invasion of the King of Ireland and Scotland, and in the 
 meantime the queen dies, and the throne of France is claimed by 
 another king. Her husband is broken-hearted at her death, and 
 determines to recover the French crown for his son. The poem 
 ends by pointing out this explanation of England's claim to the 
 throne of France, and of the long wars which ensued. 
 
 The poem consists of 15,000 rhymed verses. The Volksbuch 
 has retained much of the naif simplicity of the poem, though 
 materially altering the plan. The King of France appears here as 
 the Emperor Antonius of Constantinople ; the Pope becomes the 
 Patriarch of Naples. The queen bears two sons, who are carried 
 off in the wilderness by a lion and a wolf, and saved by a hermit. 
 Helena has her hands cut off for having driven the children 
 away, and the niece of the Duke of Gloucester (who herein plays 
 the role of the marshal) willingly gives herself to be burnt in 
 Helena's stead. After many adventures, the two confederate 
 kings meet with the hapless queen and her two children in 
 Tours. 
 
 Still more intricate are the events related in the French version 
 (alluded to above), published in quarto, at Paris, without date, 
 
PREFACE. Iv 
 
 under the title : Histoire de la belle Heleine de Consfafitinople^ mere 
 de St. Martin de Tours en Touraine et de St. Brice son frere.^ 
 Heleine is the daughter of Antoine, king of Constantinople, who 
 married the sister of Pope Clement IX. Heleine's mother dies 
 when she is fifteen years old, and, after remaining a widower for 
 a time, the king asks his brother-in-law for permission to marry 
 Heleine, for there is none as lovely as she. This the Pope, at first, 
 refuses, though he had undertaken to grant any request Antonius 
 might make, in return for his help in repulsing the Saracens ; 
 but soon after he consents, in accordance with divine command, 
 which an angel brings. But this authority avails him nothing, 
 for when Antoine reveals his intentions to his daughter, she 
 throws herself at his feet weeping, and protesting that she 
 would rather out off her hands and feet than suffer it. Then 
 follow the flight and various adventures. Counselled by a nun, 
 Heleine escapes in a Flemish ship to Sluis (Port de I'Ecluse), 
 where she enters a convent. Antonius, in his rage, takes ship 
 after her, and sails through every sea of Europe in vain quest. 
 She lives for many a year in her retreat, till Cantebron, King 
 of Sluis, who has become enamoured of her, directs his body- 
 guard of Saracens to storm the convent and carry her to his 
 seraglio. Heleine flees in a Spanish ship sailing to Catalonia. 
 But the ship is wrecked, and all save Heleine perish, she being 
 cast ashore on the English coast. King Henry of England, 
 taking his pleasure on the sea, is astounded at her beauty and the 
 richness of her attire, and he rescues her. His offer of marriage 
 she accepts, though she declines to reveal her descent, and will 
 only say that she is " la plus noble Damoiselle de la Chretientd". 
 The marriage takes place against the wish of Henry's mother. 
 Once more the Saracens threaten Rome, and Pope Clement seeks 
 the aid of the King of Great Britain. He gives it in person, leaving 
 the Duke of Gloucester as regent, and confiding Heleine to his 
 care. Then follows the birth of the children, which the mother, 
 who waylays the messenger at Dover, pretends are dogs, and the 
 fraudulent letters. The Duke of Gloucester cannot make up his 
 mind to burn Heleine, as the false letter directs, so, after cutting off 
 one of her arms, for some unexplained purpose, he puts her to sea. 
 
 1 Heleine's adventures are thus made to take place in the fourth century, if she 
 was the mother of Martin, Bishop of Tours (374). 
 
Ivi PREFACE. 
 
 A niece of the duke's, named Marie, offers herself to be burned 
 with two straw dolls in the place of the queen and her sons. The 
 hand of the queen, which had been cut off, is put in a box, and 
 hung round the neck of one of the children. The boat lands 
 them in Brittany. Whilst Heleine sleeps, a lion and a wolf from 
 the forest make away with her children. She seeks them in vain, 
 wandering at length to the neighbourhood of Nantes, where she 
 takes refuge in a deserted hut, and lives on the alms of the 
 passers-by. A hermit saves the children, and calls one Lion and 
 the other Arm (Bras). Meanwhile, King Henry has slain the 
 Saracens, freed Pope Clement, and returned to London, to learn 
 the sorrowful fate of his wife and children. He is still bewailing 
 his misfortunes, when Antonius, King of Constantinople, who has 
 never ceased seeking his daughter, arrives on the scene. The two 
 kings sympathise with each other, and discover that they grieve 
 for the same person. The Duke of Gloucester reveals the truth, 
 and, convinced of the guilt of the queen-mother, the king orders 
 her banishment. London being hateful to him, Henry joins the 
 Kings of Scotland and Constantinople in the war against the 
 heathen of Europe. They first vanquish Clovis, King of Bor- 
 deaux, who allows himself to be baptised, and then joins in the 
 crusade. The hermit, meanwhile, has brought up the children, 
 and when they are sixteen years of age he sends them forth to 
 discover, if possible, their parentage. They come to Tours, where 
 the archbishop himself receives them, and changes the name of 
 Lion into Martin, and of Arm into Brice. Heleine, too, comes to 
 Tours, and receives rich alms from Martin, who does not know 
 her. And the four kings come to Tours, where the two promising 
 youths are presented to them. When the King of England opens 
 Brice's box and sees the hand, he is convinced that he has found 
 his two sons. Martin seeks the poor, one-handed woman whom 
 he supposes to be his mother ; but, on the arrival of the kings, she 
 had fled in alarm over the Alps to Rome. Here she is supported 
 by the Pope, her unknown uncle. Brice is taken to London, 
 there to make manifest the innocence of his mother, and then 
 goes with the four kings to Palestine to fight against the Saracens, 
 whilst Martin remains at Tours with the archbishop. When the 
 Saracens are subdued the conquerors journey to Rome, whereupon 
 Heleine flees to Tours, revealing in a letter to the Pope that she is 
 
PRE FACE. Ivil 
 
 his niece. The King of England learns through this letter that 
 his wife is still living, and is at length reunited to her. The 
 archbishop of Tours permits Martin to place his mother's severed 
 hand on the stump, and the two are united by a miracle. An- 
 tonius, with Brice and his wife Ludiene, goes back to Constanti- 
 nople, Henry and Heleine live with Clement in Rome, and Martin 
 remains in Tours, where he becomes archbishop.^ 
 
 The chap-book romances of Genoveva, Griseldis, Hirlanda,^ 
 and Florentia may be referred to as variants of the story of the 
 innocent persecuted wife, though it is unnecessary to cite them in 
 connection with the Catskin story. 
 
 The episode of the enamoured father and the flight of the 
 daughter is related almost identically in the thirteenth-century 
 romance of Mai and Beaflor.^ Beaflor is the daughter of the 
 Roman Emperor Teljon. When her mother Sabie dies, she 
 is brought up by a nurse, and afterwards by a senator and 
 his wife. Her father, enamoured of her great beauty, seeks to 
 wed her. She asks for fourteen days' grace, and in the mean- 
 time confides her father's purpose to her foster-parents. They 
 fit out a ship and put her on board with provisions for two 
 or three months, and with all the valuables inherited from her 
 mother. Beaflor comes to *' Meienlant", where Count Mai 
 receives her, and gives her into his mother's care. Presently, 
 after he has married her, contrary to his mother's wish, Mai is 
 sent for to help his uncle in Spain against the heathen. During 
 
 1 For further details, see Gorres, op. cit., p. 138 ; and Ch. Nisard, Histoire dcs 
 livres fopulaires, i, pp. 415 ff. The same legend is told also in Backstrom's 
 Svenska Folkbocker, i, 188, "Helena Antonia af Constantinopel" ; and in R. 
 Nyevap's Morskadsfasnin^ : Danmark og Norge (i8i6), p. 138, "Den talmodige 
 Helena". (See Merzdorf, op. cit., pp. 18 ff., for references to Dutch, Danish, and 
 Swedish translations. ) 
 
 2 Reinhold Kohler (in Revue Celtigue, t. i, pp. 222 ff.) points out the resem- 
 blance between the Breton mystery of " Sainte Tryphine et le roi Arthur" (ed. by 
 Luzel) and the story of Hirlanda, as related by Pere Ren6 de Ceriziers in his Trots 
 Estats de I' Innocence, contenant V histoire de la Pncelle d'Orlians, ou V Innocence 
 Affligde : De Genevieve, ou V Innocence Reconnue ; D'Hirlande, ou V Innocence 
 Couronnde (reprinted several times since 1640). He refers to the chap-book 
 /ersion of Hirlanda given by Gorres in his Die Teutschen Volksbiicher \Yi€\di€Co^xg, 
 1807), p. 146. 
 
 3 See [Pfeiffer in] Mai und Beaflor, ist ed. (1848), pp. v-xv. Merzdorf, op. cit., 
 refers to Mai and Beaflor, a paper MS. of the fifteenth century in the Munich 
 State Library {Cod. germ. 521). Cf. also Graesse, Die grossen Sagenkreise det 
 Mittelalters, p. 285. 
 
 e 
 
Iviii PREFACE. 
 
 his absence, Beaflor bears a son ; the news is sent to the 
 count, but the messenger is intercepted by the mother-in- 
 law at Claremont (Klaremunt), where she has gone to reside, 
 and robbed of his letter whilst he is drunk, a false letter 
 being substituted. On his return, he is again waylaid, and the 
 count's letter is exchanged for one ordering the death of Beaflor. 
 She is, however, rescued from this fate, and put in a boat with 
 her child. Mai returns, and, learning all, stabs his mother and 
 banishes the messenger. Beaflor drifts to Rome ; the ship- 
 builder Thibalt recognises the boat he had built for her foster- 
 parents. Beaflor is again received into their home. Her child is 
 taken to the cathedral to be christened by the Pope, receiving 
 the name of Schoifloris (though in the course of the poem he is 
 only called Lois). Mai comes to Rome after some years, to 
 soothe his conscience, and Lois is sent to meet him. In this 
 way he is subsequently re-united to Beaflor. 
 
 Mention must here be made of the similar case of the Countess 
 of Anjou-^ {Manuscrits de la Bibliotheque du Roi^ by Paulin Paris, 
 vol. vi, p. 40). Her father falls in love with her during a game 
 of chess, and she is forced to flee. After many wanderings, and 
 all sorts of adventures, she marries the Count of Bourges, but 
 the Countess of Chartres, his aunt, is furious at the mesalliance 
 — for she is ignorant of his wife's rank — and she plays the role 
 usually assigned to the mothers-in-law. 
 
 I have reserved one other version of the ancient romance, 
 this time attaching to the daughter of the King of Russia. Again, 
 as in the folk-tales, this is a case of O inatre pulchra filia pul- 
 chrior. Her story is said to have been composed by Giovanni 
 Enenkel in the thirteenth century. I have taken it from the 
 Gesammtabenteuer of Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen (Stutt- 
 gart and Tubingen, 1850, ii, 590). It is called " Deu tochter 
 des Kiiniges von Reuzen". 
 
 This king has a beautiful wife, and a still more lovely daughter. 
 When his wife dies he will marry no one who is not as lovely as 
 his daughter. Messengers scour the land in fruitless quest for a 
 fitting bride, and the king's lords persuade him to purchase the 
 
 1 D'Ancona {Sucre Rapp., iii, 200) notices an obscure play, or poem, of the six- 
 teenth century, entitled "Del duca d'Angio e de Costanza so mojer", from an 
 account of it by Adolfo Mussafia, contained in the Atti dell' Acadetnia di Vienna, 
 1866 (see Clouston, in op. cit., p. 404 ff.). 
 
 \..L, 
 
PREFACE. lix 
 
 Pope's permission to marry his own daughter. When she under- 
 stands that the wedding preparations are for her father and 
 herself, she tears off the wedding-gown, cuts off her hair, and 
 scratches her face till it bleeds. Her father is enraged, and has 
 her shut up in a barrel and thrown into the sea.^ The barrel 
 gets carried to Greece, where the king espies it and has it landed. 
 He marries the heroine. Then follow the incidents of the 
 king's absence at the war, and the calumniated wife and inter- 
 cepted letters. The heroine is put back into the barrel with her 
 child, and the waves carry her into the Tiber, as far as Rome, 
 where she is rescued by a nobleman. Eventually her husband 
 finds her when he comes to Rome to do penance ; and the 
 Russian king, her father, also coming to expiate his crime, is, in 
 like manner, reunited to the heroine. 
 
 A drama, entitled " Un Miracle de Nostre-Dame", the author 
 of which has taken his subject from the Roman de la Manektne, is 
 published in the Theatre Frarifais au Moyen Age (public d'aprbs 
 les Manuscrits de la Biblioth^que du Roi, par MM. L. J. N. 
 Monmerqu^ et Francisque Michel [xi^-xiv^ si^cles], Paris, 1842. 
 Pp. 481-550).^ 
 
 The following is an outline of the plot as disclosed by the 
 dramatis personce. King is counselled to marry, that he may 
 have a male heir. He will only have a woman exactly like 
 deceased wife, whom he dearly loved. Courtiers discuss the 
 matter, and one chevalier suggests king's daughter as bride. They 
 seek consent of Pope, who grants them a bull. King discloses 
 his intention to daughter, who vainly tries to dissuade him. She 
 prays to Virgin ; cuts off her hand. King, enraged, orders her 
 to be burned or hanged. Executioner is summoned. Courtier 
 plans to save her life, and has her taken to his own house. Fire 
 is kindled to delude king, who henceforth believes daughter is 
 
 1 In the Gtversiou-Breiz-izel, Saint Honorine is persecuted and cast into the sea 
 in a barrel. Similarly, in Weckerlin's Chansons populaires del' Alsace, Saint Odile 
 is by her father's order put into a barrel and abandoned to the waves, 
 
 '■^ In his Preface to the Mysteres Inddits du Quinzieme Sidcle (publics pour la 
 premiere fois, p?r Achille Jubinal ; Paris, 1837), Jubinal gives a table of the 
 Mysteries in the MSS. de la Bibl. du Roi, and on p. xxviii, vol. i, this note : — " Cy 
 commence un miracle de Notre-Dame, de la fille d'un roi qui se parti d'avec son 
 pere pour ce que il la vouloit espouser, et laissa habit de femme, et se mainteint 
 com chevalier et fu sodoier de I'empereur de Constantinoble, et depuis fu sa femme" 
 (vol. ii, cot6 7208 B. ), folio 221. 
 
 e 2 
 
Ix PREFACE. 
 
 burned. Heroine is put alone in ship ; is found by the provost 
 of the king of Scotland, King questions her as to her parentage, 
 etc. She says she is called Bethequine. Queen-mother befriends 
 her, and she serves as chamber-maid. Presently queen ill-treats 
 her, thinking she aspires to marriage with her son. King asks 
 why she has been weeping ; will marry her at Chester, and pro- 
 claim her queen. His mother is very angry. He is to attend 
 tournament at Senlis ; leaves his wife in provost's care ; when 
 her child is born they are to inform him by sealed letter. After 
 king's departure, heroine bears a son. King's mother intercepts 
 messenger, who is carrying news to king, makes him drunk, and 
 changes letter for one announcing that young queen has borne a 
 monster, which they have burned, and that they await orders 
 whether to burn young queen also. King reads letter; sends 
 written order by messenger, who is again intercepted by queen- 
 mother, made drunk, and robbed of letter directing that queen 
 and infant shall be kept apart in secret till his return. Queen- 
 mother substitutes letter commanding that queen and progeny be 
 instantly burned. Courtier, who reads king's letter, is filled with 
 pity, and tells queen, who is dismayed and full of wonder, and 
 prays to Virgin. Chevalier and provost take counsel together, 
 and determine to save queen's life. They put her in a boat 
 without rudder or helm, that she may be at the mercy of God. 
 Lady-in-waiting insists on sharing her fate. She is rescued by a 
 senator, who tells her she has landed near Rome, takes her to his 
 wife, who befriends her, and lets her live wdth them. King of 
 Scotland returns; inquires for wife and child. Chevalier says 
 they have been burned according to his order. King says he 
 gave orders for them to be confined in a tower till his return. 
 Letter is shown to him ; he questions messenger ; sends for 
 mother, who, on being threatened, confesses, and is imprisoned for 
 life. King will punish with death by burning the two courtiers 
 who executed queen-mother's orders. They confess they dis- 
 obeyed, and spared the young queen's life. He takes them with 
 him, and sets out to seek her. They make pilgrimage to Rome. 
 The king of Hungary is also going to confess to Pope his sin 
 towards his daughter. Senator meets the king of Scotland; 
 takes him to his house. Queen hides, being afraid to meet her 
 
 \i 
 
PREFACE. Ixi 
 
 husband. King sees the child playing with a ring which he re- 
 cognises as one he gave his wife. Senator tells him how he 
 found the child's mother, and how he has taken care of her. 
 King embraces his wife. They attend the service at which the 
 Pope is to give absolution to penitents. Here they see the 
 king of Hungary. The queen recognises her father, who tells 
 the king of Scotland of his wife's parentage. Service is about 
 to commence. Clerk enters in great alarm to say he can get no 
 drop of water from the river, because of a hand which keeps 
 floating up to his bucket. He brings the hand to The Pope; 
 queen says it is hers, and tells the Pope her story. He touches 
 her arm with the hand, which immediately is reunited to it. 
 
 The same subject has found dramatic treatment in Italy, in 
 La Rappresentaziojie di Santa Uliva (Pisa, 1863. The date of 
 the I St edition is not known). Alessandro d'Ancona has given 
 an account of this play, which he publishes in his Sacre Rap- 
 presentazione dei Secoli xtv, xv, xvi {¥\xer\ze, 1872. Vol. iii, pp. 
 235 seq.). The commencement is almost identical with that of 
 the Manekme^ except that a Roman emperor replaces the king of 
 Hungary, and his daughter cuts off both her hands. She falls in 
 with the king of Britain, who takes her to his palace, and gives 
 her charge over the infant prince. A baron becomes enamoured 
 of her, and, in repelling his advances, she upsets the cradle, 
 which, as she has no hands, she is unable to replace. The baron 
 accuses her of murdering the child, who has been killed by the 
 fall. She is condemned to death, but the seneschal takes pity on 
 her, and leads her to the forest in which she had been found. 
 The Virgin appears to her, restores her hands, and points her to 
 a convent where she can find shelter. A wicked priest accuses 
 her of stealing a chalice. She is placed in a boat, and abandoned 
 to the waves. Certain merchants come across her, and take her 
 to the king of Castile, who marries her, and shortly afterwards 
 leaves her to go to war. In the meantime Uliva bears a son, 
 and receives precisely the same treatment from her mother-in-law 
 as does Joie in the Manekine. Uliva is once more exposed in a 
 boat, and arrives at length at Rome, where she finds her husband, 
 who has come to seek absolution for having caused his mother's 
 death in his wrath against her for her wicked machinations. The 
 
Ixii PREFACE. 
 
 King of Castile recognises his wife, the emperor his daughter, and 
 all ends happily.^ 
 
 The Rappresentazione di Stella^ also published in D'Ancona's 
 Sacre Rappresentazione^ has much the same incidents as the story 
 of St. Uliva.2 
 
 Stella is the stepdaughter of the Empress of the French. The 
 assassins to whom she is delivered during the emperor's absence 
 spare her life, but cut off her hands to take as token to her step- 
 mother. The Duke of Burgundy finds Stella in the forest and 
 weds her. * It is the stepmother in this case who exchanges the 
 letters. 
 
 The history of the daughter of the King of Dacia {Novella 
 della figlia del re di Dacia. Pisa, 1866. Introd. by Wessel- 
 ofsky) differs but little from the foregoing up to the point 
 when Elisa reaches Rome. There a German prince, the Duke 
 of Apardo, sees her, and falls in love with her. The miracles 
 follow. EHsa recovers her hands; directed by celestial voices, 
 Apardo inclines to wed the lovely stranger; and the marriage 
 takes place, leading to the usual plots against the young wife. 
 Once more in Rpme, Elisa is engaged by a German nobleman 
 as nurse to his son. The Duke of Apardo, visiting her master, 
 recognises her as his wife.^ 
 
 The greater part of these incidents are met with again in 
 a Catalonian version,"* Historia del rey de Hungria^ cited by le 
 Comte de Puymaigre {Documentos de la corona de Aragon, vol. 
 
 1 Herr Wesselofsky thinks he recognises in the rappresentazione certain traits in 
 the hfe of Saint UHva of Palermo, as recounted by the Bollandists. . There is, 
 however, no trace of the unlawful marriage episode, or of the cutting off of the 
 hands, in the Acta Sanctorum, in connection with this saint, whose persecutions 
 are of a different character. According to Herr Wesselofsky, the legend has its 
 origin in a myth, which, like many another myth, having lost all symbolical 
 character, becomes a simple narrative. So, the queen who dies is the goddess of 
 the departing summer ; her daughter, the goddess of the coming year ; the father 
 is the god Wotan; the hunter who discovers the fugitive is winter; the cut-off 
 hands are the falling leaves ; etc. , etc. The explanation is too elaborate to be 
 further detailed here. (See his treatment of the subject of " La Fanciulla Perse- 
 guitata" in Novella della Figlia del Re di Dacia, Pisa, 1866, pp. xxxi et seq. 
 Cf; Kuhn, Nordd, Sag., 489.) 
 
 2 See Giudici's Storia del Teatro in Italia, i, 311-358. 
 
 3 See Liebrecht on the subject of the Figlia del re di Dacia in Gotting. Gehkr, 
 Anz., 1867, p. 565 
 
 * See Wolf, Wiener Jahrbiichei', cxix, p. 241 ; c.vx, p. 94. 
 
PREFACE. Ixiii 
 
 xiii. Documentos leterarios en antiqua lingua catalana. Siglo 
 xiv y XV. Barcelona, 1857, pp: 53-79). In this the heroine, 
 with her hands cut off, lands at Marseilles. The Count of 
 Provence marries her in spite of his mother. Learning his wife's 
 story, the count visits her father, the King of Hungary, who, now 
 repentant, receives his son-in-law warmly, and detains him so 
 long at the court that the wicked mother-in-law, during his 
 absence, has time to carry out the usual plot against the young 
 wife. The countess is set adrift on the sea, and lands near to 
 a convent, where the abbess admits her. Five years afterwards, 
 when one day she is at her orisons, she sees a priest who is 
 wanting to say Mass, but has no one to serve it. She is filled 
 with desire to assist him, and suddenly perceives two beautiful 
 hands, which unite to her arms as she stretches them forth. 
 Meanwhile, the count had returned to Marseilles; but, feeling 
 angered against his mother, had determined to quit his estates 
 only to return when he had found his wife. After thirteen years' 
 quest, he finds her at the convent, and takes her back to 
 Marseilles. They have many children. One of their daughters 
 marries a king of France, another a king of Castile, and a third 
 a king of England. 
 
 In the fifteenth century, Bartolomeo Fazio of Spezia wrote a 
 story entitled De origine belli inter Gallos et Britannos^ which he 
 acknowledged to be based upon an ancient text in the ver- 
 nacular.^ This professed history of the origin of the war between 
 the French and English was forthwith related in Italian by 
 Jacopo di Poggio Bracciolini,^ in a story which was published 
 under the title Storia delP origine della guerra tra i Francesi e gli 
 //z^/(?j-/ (Florence, 1542), repubhshed diS Novella di incerto autore 
 (Florence, 1834), and as Novella della Puhella di Francia dove 
 si racconta V origine delle guerre fra i Francesi e gli Inglesi (Lucca, 
 1850).^ Edward (Adoardo), King of England, has a beautiful 
 wife and daughter. When his wife dies, she makes him promise 
 never to marry another unless exactly like herself. After a time, 
 
 1 Bartholomaei Facii ad Carolum Ventimilium virum clarissimum de origine 
 belli inter Gallos et Britannos historia. 
 
 2 Poggio died in 1478. In Pecorone We read of a royal daughter much 
 resembling this daughter of the King of England. Molza tells the same story 
 without notable difference. 
 
 3 For particulars of the various editions, see Wesselofsky, op. cit, , cvi et seq. 
 
Ixiv PREFACE. 
 
 the barons urge the king to marry, to secure a legitimate heir to 
 the throne. He tells them of his promise, and ambassadors are 
 sent in search of a fitting bride into every province of Christen- 
 dom — through France, Spain, and many other countries — but all 
 in vain. Then he is possessed with desire to wed his own 
 daughter. She is alarmed and unhappy at the proposal ; but, as 
 her father persists, she urges him to send to the Pope, whose 
 consent being obtained, she will object no further. Ambassadors 
 are started, and in the meantime the daughter communicates 
 with her uncle, the Duke of Lancaster, imploring his help. He 
 fetches her away, and keeps her in hiding. The ambassadors 
 return without the Pope's consent to the union; but the king 
 receives the bull as though it were a dispensation, and sends for 
 his daughter, who is not to be found. When the king applies for 
 her to the Duke of Lancaster, she begs her uncle to find her 
 shelter in a convent at Vienna. Thither he sends her under the 
 charge of trusty servants. It is the custom of the dauphin of 
 France to frequent this same nunnery in the company of a young 
 nobleman, who is the abbess's brother. One day, the latter 
 catches sight of the young princess through a grating, and every 
 day, under pretence of praying, he comes to look at her. He 
 falls ill, 'and confides the reason to the dauphin, who at length 
 asks the abbess to interfere in her brother's behalf. Seeing him 
 in danger of death, she is prevailed upon : she talks to the 
 princess, pointing out the difficulties and dangers inseparable 
 from monastic life, and persuades her that marriage will ensure 
 greater peace of mind. But the princess cannot consent to 
 break her vows. Hearing of the girl's answer, and wishing to judge 
 whether she who had caused his friend's illness merited so much 
 love, the dauphin determines to have a look at her. Then he falls 
 in love with her himself, and sends proposals of marriage, which 
 she at first rejects, but eventually accepts. The dauphin's mother 
 tries secretly to poison his bride, with the aid of some friends in 
 Vienna. The King of France dies, and the dauphin must go to 
 Paris to attend his funeral and be made king. His mother wants 
 him to abandon his wife, who, she says, is some unknown waif. 
 He is indignant at the request; and his mother, hearing from 
 her friends in Vienna that the queen is too well guarded for 
 them to poison her, bids them calumniate her to her husband. 
 
PREFACE. IxV 
 
 The young queen escapes to Rome with her little son and finds 
 shelter. The Emperor Henry sees her, and engages her as 
 nurse to his infant. Meanwhile, the dauphin, now king, having 
 heard the false news of his wife's death, and of all his mother's 
 infamous schemes, declares war against her. After three years 
 he defeats her and slays her. Full of remorse, he journeys to 
 Rome to seek absolution from the Pope. Dining one day with 
 the Roman emperor, he is charmed with the graceful bearing of 
 a young boy, and wants to take him away with him. It is the 
 son of the nurse, in whom he recognises his wife. They return 
 in triumph to his kingdom. When another son is born to him, 
 he decides that the elder shall reign in France, and the younger 
 shall succeed to the English throne, which his wife has inherited 
 on the death of Edward. Furthermore, the king enacts in his 
 will that every year, at Easter and at Christmas time, the King 
 of England shall come to Paris and serve at the table of the 
 King of France. This arrangement is observed for a number of 
 years ; but one day the King of Great Britain, ill-advised by his 
 ministers, refuses to submit to the performance of such an act of 
 homage ; and this was the cause of the great wars, and of the 
 animosity between the two kingdoms, which lasted up to the 
 times of the author of this story. 
 
 There remains for comparison the legendary history of St. 
 Dipne in the Flos Sanctorum} Mons. J. A. S. Collin de Plancy 
 considers the story of Peau d'Ane to be entirely founded on the 
 history of St. Dipne,^ of which he gives 2i precis in his Anecdotes 
 du Dix-Neuvihne Sihle (Paris, 182 1, vol. ii, pp. 219-23). It is, 
 briefly, as follows : 
 
 A pagan king of Ireland has a lovely daughter named Dipne, 
 who becomes a Christian, and resolves to live unwed. When 
 the lovely queen, her mother, dies, the king can find none to 
 
 1 See also Razzi, Vite di illustri Donne, iii, 43. 
 
 2 The legend of St. Dipne is not included in the earliest editions of Ribadeneira's 
 Flos Sanctorum o libra de las vidas de los Santos. Neither is it in the folio edition 
 published at Barcelona in 1643, nor in the Italian quarto published at Venetia, 
 1680. I can only find the legend, as given above, in a French edition by Ren6 
 Gamier of Ribadeneira's " Les Fleurs des Vies des Saints", to which are added 
 some lives of other Saints by Andr6 du Val ; Paris, 1686. It is probably super- 
 fluous to point out that there exist literary versions of the story of " Peau d'Ane" 
 at least earlier than the record of this legend. Straparola had used the " un- 
 rtatural father" motif more than a century before. 
 
Ixvi PREFACE. 
 
 equal her in beauty, and tries to induce his daughter to marry 
 him. She becomes terrified, begs for forty days' grace, and com- 
 mends herself to the Saviour. Her father gives her jewels and 
 costly garments. Towards the end of the forty days Dipne con- 
 sults an Irish priest named Gerebert, who had been her mother's 
 confessor. He advises her to endeavour to gain time in order to 
 devise some means of flight ; and he offers to accompany her. 
 She therefore tells her father that she must have various precious 
 stones to wear on the wedding-day. Her father expends large 
 sums to procure what she exacts. Meanwhile, she embarks 
 secretly with the priest, and they travel to Antwerp. They visit 
 only out-of-the-way places, and presently build themselves a hut 
 in a wood, where they live alone and unknown. The king 
 learns of her escape the day after, is furious, and takes ship 
 after her. After a long search he reaches Antwerp, where he 
 stays whilst his people scour the neighbourhood. Some of his 
 servants pay the innkeeper in a certain village in coin of their 
 own country. The innkeeper says he has already taken some 
 of the same money from a lovely Irish girl, who lives with a 
 priest hard by. The servants report to the king, who finds his 
 daughter, and, forgetting his anger at the sight of her, begs her 
 to keep her promise at last. Gerebert attempts to intervene, 
 and is taken without and killed by the king's followers. Dipne 
 will yield neither to menace nor entreaty, and in his fury the 
 king cuts off her head, 
 
 (St. Dipne is feted on the 15 th May. Her martyrdom took 
 place on the 30th of that month, in the year 600. Her relics are 
 in the diocese of Cambray.) 
 
 The collation of similar legends and romances might doubt- 
 less be still extended.^ It seems, however, unnecessary to devote 
 further space to the examination of this class of literature, more 
 especially as the various motifs which it shares in common 
 with the folk-tale are of such a nature as to need, unhappily, 
 neither myth nor fiction to account for their origin, or to explain 
 their application in any particular connection. 
 
 " Non ragionam di lor, ma guarda e passa." 
 
 1 The following references may be of service to the student :— Dunlop-Liebrechtj 
 Geschichte der Prosadichtungen (1851), pp. 265-6, Gidel, Etudes sur la litUrature 
 grecque moderne (1866), pp. 289-30T. Paul Meyer, in Revue Critique (1866), ii, 393. 
 Bcrdier, Philippe de Remi sire de Beanmatioir (1873)) 2: 163-72. 
 
 I 
 
PREFACE. Ixvil 
 
 The third, or " King Lear", branch of the Cinderella story has 
 been exhaustively dealt with by Mr. Sidney Hartland in his study 
 of "The Outcast Child" {Folk-lore Journal^ iv, pp. 308-349), from 
 which I quote the following particulars : — " We owe the story of 
 King Lear to Geoffrey of Monmouth, whose narrative has been 
 
 closely followed by Shakespeare It was written down in 
 
 the middle of the twelfth century The originals which 
 
 (jeoffrey professes to have had before him in writing his Romances 
 are no longer extant. It seems likely he really had a collection 
 of folk-tales, either Welsh or Armorican, made, either by himself, 
 or (as he asserts) by another person, and brought to him by the 
 Archdeacon Walter; but, if so, such collection has utterly dis- 
 appeared .... The Gesta Ronianorum was probably compiled 
 originally in England at the end of tlie thirteenth century, or about 
 one hundred and thirty to one hundred and fifty years after 
 Geoffrey of Monmouth's Romances. This work was composed 
 of tales having a more or less remotely popular origin, fitted with 
 applications which treated them as parables suitable to be intro- 
 duced into the discourses of mediaeval preachers. One of these 
 tales, which is only found in the English manuscripts of the 
 Gesta, is practically identical with that of King Lear and his 
 three daughters."'^ It is told of Theodosius, Emperor of Rome. 
 Mr. Hartland thinks it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the 
 gest owes its existence to Geoffrey's account of King Lear. "But, 
 if so, it seems likely that the parentage is not immediate, but that 
 the story was verbally transmitted for some time before it was 
 again put into writing." 
 
 The selection of the Hero-tales^ constituting group E. has been 
 made with the view of embracing- as many as possible of the 
 separate incidents which are met with in stories of the " Cinder- 
 ella" type. These examples are given merely for purposes of 
 comparison, as it seemed inadvisable to pass them over entirely. 
 A comprehensive collection of the hero-tales of this class would, 
 however, fill another volume. I have included abstracts of all the 
 stories kindly selected for me by Dr. Karlowicz of Warsaw, who 
 rendered them into French from originals not accessible to the 
 general reader. These stories appear in a more abridged form 
 
 1 Gesta Roinanorum, London, Geo. Bell and Sons, 1877, p. xxxix. 
 '^ See note on p. xxv, aftte. 
 
IXVIII PREFACE. 
 
 than the rest, because, as they were not received till part of 
 the volume was in type, I was unable to avail myself of 
 Dr. Karlowicz's generous offer to furnish me with more detailed 
 versions. 
 
 It will be seen that the Norwegian stories, Nos. 319, 320, are 
 extremely close parallels to the typical Cinderella story. We have 
 the ill-treated child ; the helpful ox ; the ear cornucopia ; the spy 
 who is first sent to sleep, but afterwards discovers the magic 
 source of food ; the proposed slaying of the helpful animal ; the 
 flight through the copper, silver, and gold forests ; and finally 
 just such alteration in the denouement as is the necessary conse- 
 quence of assigning to a hero the role usually filled by a heroine. 
 No. 336 is similar. In a Russian tale (No. 322) and in a German 
 tale (No. 324) we have the despised youngest child with his hearth 
 abode and significant nickname. In the same German story the 
 goose-herd goes thrice in magic attire to the ball, and dances with 
 the enamoured rose-girl, who, on the third night, puts pitch in 
 his hair, so as to find him again. In the Polish story (No. 328), 
 in the story from Little Jerut (No. 340), and in the South-German 
 tale (No. 341), the ill-treated youngest child receives help from his 
 dead father at the grave, just as Cinderella is helped by her dead 
 mother. In the Roumanian story (No. 335) the cow-herd plants 
 the laurel branches given him by the fairy, digs round them with 
 a golden spade, waters them from the golden pot, and wipes them 
 with the silken kerchief, just as Cinderella does ; and, moreover, 
 he in like manner reminds the magic-tree of these attentions when 
 he wants his wishes fulfilled. And just as the disagreeable sisters 
 pull down the garden-wall, peat-heap, and bakehouse in the story 
 from Jutland (No. 42), the barn and the church-wall in the story 
 from Zealand (No. 46), the pear-tree and wicket in the Basque 
 version (No. 125), whilst they remove the ladder, stick nails in 
 the hoarding, and cut down the mulberry- tree in the Magyar tale 
 (No. 244), because these several points of vantage are believed 
 to have afforded an outlook for Cinderella ; so in the Hungarian 
 tale (No. 338), the fence, stable, and roof are demolished because 
 Aschenbrodel told his brothers that by surmounting these he was 
 enabled to see the stranger knight. In a Polish story (No. 330) 
 the hero is sentenced to death, but spared by the servant, who 
 kills a dog instead. And, for a last comparison, as the heroine 
 
PREFACE, Ixix 
 
 must hide her youth and beauty under an ugly skin or cloak, so 
 in the Russian story (No. 321) we have the pigskin disguise of 
 the hero, who becomes scullion at the palace : and in the modern 
 Arabian story (No. 337) the rags which he buys from a beggar 
 before hiring himself to drive the ox which turns the water-wheel 
 in the king's garden. 
 
 Any further comment upon the stories is superfluous in a work 
 which is enriched by an Introduction from the pen of Mr. Andrew 
 Lang, the late President of the Folk-lore Society. I am happy 
 in having " so strong a prop to support so weak a burden" ; for, 
 whatever regret the necessary incompleteness of the collection 
 may occasion, one will never " be sorry" that Cinderella has 
 had " so noble a godfather .1 leave it to [his] honour- 
 able survey." 
 
 In conclusion, I have gratefully to acknowledge the important 
 and invaluable assistance which I have received from many 
 quarters. 
 
 The Hon. John Abercromby has translated and tabulated the 
 Finnish variants, Nos. 95, 96, 97, besides examining other Fin- 
 nish stories on my behalf. 
 
 Mr. J. B. Andrews allowed me to use his MSS. prior to the 
 publication of his interesting collection of Conies Ligures. 
 
 Signor Eugenio Casanova (sotto-archivista di Stato, Firenze) 
 rendered into Italian and wrote out in full the variants printed 
 in dialect in the collections of Coronedi-Berti, Gradi, and De 
 Nino, copies of which books I had been unable to obtain. For 
 this assistance I am indebted to the kind mediation of Signora 
 Santarelli. 
 
 M. Chabaud, of Montpellier, furnished me with a French 
 translation of a variant published in an old number, no longer 
 procurable, of his Revue des Langues Romanes. 
 
 Mr. J. W. Crombie has taken many pains to procure me 
 Spanish versions, of which he has also furnished translations. 
 
 The Rev. H. F. Feilberg (of Askov, Vejen St., Denmark), who 
 volunteered to select and translate all Danish variants, has sent 
 me in all over seventy different versions, including a number 
 of Norse, Swedish, and other stories. He also gained access on 
 my behalf to the valuable MS. collections of Dr. Kristensen and 
 of Prof Moe (to whose courtesy in this regard I am much 
 
IXX PREFACE. 
 
 beholden), and the sympathetic interest that he has from the 
 first taken in my enterprise has served as valuable stimulus. It 
 is Mr. Feilberg also who put me into communication with other 
 learned folk-lorists abroad, whose contributions have been of so 
 much value. 
 
 Mr. E. Sidney Hartland gave me at the outset much invaluable 
 advice, and every possible encouragement. To ask of him is to 
 obtain, and he has given his time most generously to translating 
 Spanish, Portuguese, and baffling dialect versions, besides help- 
 ing in other ways too numerous to state. 
 
 Dr. R. F. Kaindl (of Czernowitz, Buckowina) has communi- 
 cated with me respecting the Slavonic variants, but could add 
 none to those which I had already obtained.^ 
 
 Dr. Karlowicz of Warsaw, to whose contributions I have already 
 had occasion to refer, complied, with considerate promptness, 
 with my request for information respecting Polish versions, and 
 has made abstracts for me of no less than thirty-one stories, 
 besides adding some interesting comments of his own (see 
 note 71). 
 
 Dr. Krauss of Vienna kindly consented to publish in his 
 periodical Am Ur-quell^'^ for my immediate benefit, a story which 
 he entitles " Aschenbrodel in Bosnien". Dr. Krauss's introduc- 
 tions to other distinguished folk-lorists have been of much service 
 to me. 
 
 Dr. Kaarle Krohn of Helsingfors has selected fifteen Finnish 
 
 1 Dr. Kaindl pointed out to me certain resemblances in the stories "Gut und 
 Bos" and " Die Teufelsmiihle" , in Die Rutenen in der Bukowina, von Kaindl und 
 Manastyrski, a copy of which he kindly sent me. These stories, however, cannot 
 be considered Cinderella variants. In his letter to me, Dr. Kaindl aptly recalls 
 the following sentence from Uhland's Schriften zur Geschichte der Dichtung und 
 Sage (vol. viii, p. 610): " Warum soil nicht iiber Aschenbrodel in einer Vorlesung 
 gesprochen werden ? Es wurde daruber gepredigt, gepredigt von der kunstreichen 
 Kanzel des Strassburger Miinsters." 
 
 2 Atn Ur-Quell, Band iii. Heft iv, s. 129-135. "Aschenbrodel in Bosnien." I have 
 not included this among the variants, as it is scarcely a typical Cinderella story. 
 But Dr. Krauss's opinion is of interest ; I therefore translate the following remarks 
 from his letter: "The story of Cinderella in its wanderings to Bosnia must of 
 necessity have lost the incident of the little shoe; in the first place, because 
 Bosnians wear no shoes at all, only opanken, a kind of sandal; secondly, because 
 in the eyes of the Bosnians a large foot is an advantage rather than an objection — 
 certainly no detriment to beauty ; thirdly, because the manner of wooing, as re- 
 lated in German indrchen, is quite unlike any Bosnian custom." 
 
PREFACE. Ixxi 
 
 Stories from the wonderful MS. collections, and has himself done 
 many of them into German for my service. Of the remainder, 
 Dr. Krohn has procured me trustworthy French translations. He 
 has also been kind enough to supply some important particulars 
 anent the Finnish name for the heroine, which the translator had 
 omitted to give. These will be found in a special note at the end 
 of the volume. 
 
 Mr. Naake's always ready help has been of a special and 
 indispensable nature. He has read me many Russian and PoUsh 
 stories, and has allowed me to consult him in every difficulty over 
 the transliteration of Russian and Slavonic names and titles. 
 
 Mr. Nutt, at whose suggestion I have presented the mediaeval 
 legends in some detail, has assisted me with references to works 
 on mediaeval literature, and has allowed me to use books and 
 notes which have been of much service. An interesting Gaelic 
 story which Mr. Nutt has contributed is given on p. 534, with 
 some other variants, which were received too late to be included 
 in the text. 
 
 Dr. Pitre of Palermo favoured me with a long list of references, 
 and very kindly rendered into Italian some of the dialect stories. 
 
 Dr. Sommer translated a Carinthian tale into literary German. 
 
 Sig. Vid Vuletic-Vukasovic has contributed an important un- 
 published variant, besides others. His interesting "Observa- 
 tions" on the story of Cinderella I give in full in note 66. 
 
 For the purposes of research in connection with the present 
 study, I have been served with over two hundred and fifty works 
 in the Library of the British Museum. It may not be out of place 
 gratefully to acknowledge the invariable courtesy and readiness 
 with which these services have been tendered. 
 
 Last, and not least, I must thank all those members of the 
 Council of the Folk-lore Society who have afforded help of what- 
 soever kind. 
 
 The willing co-operation of so many folk-lorists, both at home 
 and abroad, is gratifying evidence of the interest which the 
 object of the present collection of variants has aroused. If the 
 labour of which this volume is the outcome shall in any degree 
 contribute to the settlement of the several interesting questions 
 which gather round folk-tales, especially the question of the 
 origin, independent or otherwise, of stories similar in their inci- 
 
Ixxii PREFACE. 
 
 dent and widespread in their distribution, I shall in no wise 
 begrudge the time which that labour has absorbed. 
 
 There will remain the regret which invariably accompanies 
 work of this kind — the non-attainment of finality where materials 
 are ever pouring in ; and experience of this has reconciled me to 
 aim at only approximate completeness. 
 
 Marian Roalfe Cox. 
 
 CI aver ton J Streathani Hill^ Lofidon^ 
 December 1892. 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 
 
 Aberg, G. A., Nylandska Folksagor. Helsingfors, 1887, Abstracts, pp. 1-2; 
 
 Tabulations, pp. 123, 124; and see p. 533. 
 Andrews, J. B., Contes Ligures. Paris, 1892. Abs. pp. 2, 105; Tab. pp. 124-127. 
 Archceological Review, vol. iii, 1889. Abs. p. 2 ; Tab. p. 127. 
 ArchivfUr Slavische Philologie. Berlin, 1877. Abs. p. 53 ; Tab. pp. 129-130. 
 Archivio fer lo Studio delle Tradizioni popolari. Palermo, 1882, etc. Abs. 
 
 PP- 3-4. 54-56. 80 ; Tab. pp. 130-141. 
 Armenische Bibliothek. Leipzig, 1887. Abs. p. 4 ; Tab. p. 141. 
 Arnason, Jon, Folk-Tales of Iceland. Leipzig, 1862-64. Abs. p. 5 ; Tab. p. 143. 
 ■ Icelandic Legends. Translated by Powell and Magniisson {2nd series). 
 
 London, 1866. Abs. pp. 5-6, 105 ; Tab. pp. 144-46. 
 Asbjornsen, P. Chr., Nor, Billedbogfor den Norske Ungdom. Christiania, 1837. 
 
 Abs. pp. 6-7 ; Tab. p. 146. 
 Asbjornsen og Moe, Norske Folke-eventyr. 2nd ed. Christiania, 1852. Abs. pp. 
 
 7-8, 437 ; Tab. pp. 147-49. 447-48. 
 Athanas'ev, Russian Folk-Tales. Moscow, 1861. Abs. pp. 8, 57, 87, 438 ; Tab. 
 
 PP- 149-53. 448 ; and see p. 523. 
 D'Aulnoy, Madame, Contes des Fdes. 1698. See Kletke. 
 Ausland, Das, 1832. Abs. p. 8-9 ; Tab. p. 153. 
 
 Baissac, C, Le Folklore de V Ik-Maurice. Paris, 1888. Abs. p. 57; Tab. p. 154. 
 Balfour, Mrs. , Unpublished Story from Lincolnshire. Abs. p. 106 ; Tab. p. 155. 
 Balinski, Ch. , Powiesci ludu. Warsaw, 1842. See p. 519. 
 Baracz, Ks. Sadok, Bajki, fraszki, podaiiia, etc, Tarnopol, 1866. Abs. p. loi ; 
 
 Tab. p. 156 ; and see p. 520. 
 Bartsch, Karl, Sagen, Miirchen und Gebrduche aus Mecklenburg. Wien, 1879. 
 
 Abs. p. 57 ; Tab. p. 156. 
 Basile, Giambattista, Archivio di Litteratura popolare. Napoli, 1883, 1884. Abs. 
 
 p. 58 ; Tab. pp. 157, 158. 
 Basile, Pentamerone, Aus dem Neapolitanischen ubertragen von Felix Liebrecht. 
 
 Breslau, 1846. Abs. pp. 9, 58, 88 ; Tab. pp. 159-64. 
 Beauvois, E. , Contes populaires de la Norvige, de la Finlande et de la Bourgogjie. 
 
 Paris, 1862. Abs. p. 88 ; Tab. p. 164. 
 
 _Bechstein, Ludwig, Deutsches Mdrchenbuch. Leipzig, 1846. Abs. p. 9 ; Tab. 
 p. 165 ; and see p. 502. 
 
 / 
 
IXXIV BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 
 
 Bernoni, Dom. Giuseppe, Fiabe popolari Vetieziane. Venezia, 1873. -^^5, pp. 
 
 9-10, 80 ; Tab. pp. 166-68. 
 Biblioteca de las tradiciones populares Espanolas. Abs. pp. 10, 81; Tab. 168-70. 
 Blad6, Jean-Fran9ois, Contes populaires recueillis en Agenais, Paris, 1874. Abs. 
 
 pp. 81, 106; Tab. pp. 170-73. 
 
 -~ Contes populaires de la Gascogne. Paris, 1886. See pp. 81, 107, 173. 
 
 Bondeson, August, Historiegubbar pa Dal. Stockholm, 1886. Abs. p. 107 ; Tab. 
 
 P- 173- 
 
 Svenska Folk-Sagor. Stockholm, 1882. Abs. pp. 10, 82 ; Tab. pp. 175-6. 
 
 Braga, Theophilo, Contos tradicionaes do Povo Portuguez. [Oporto : no date.] 
 
 Abs. p. 82 ; Tab. p. 176. 
 Brauns, David, Japanische Mdrchen und Sagen. Leipzig, 1885. Abs. p. 107 ; 
 
 Tab. p. 177. 
 Busk, R. H., Folk-lore of Rome. London, 1874. Abs. pp. 11, 59, 82, loi, 102 ; 
 
 Tab. pp. 178-83. 
 
 Calcutta Review, 1870 (reprint from Bombay Gazette, 1864). Abs. p. 11 ; Tab. 
 
 p. 183. 
 Campbell, J. F., Popular Tales of the West Highlands. Edinburgh, 1860-62. 
 
 Abs. pp. 12, 59; Tab. pp. 184-85. 
 Carnoy, E. Henry, and Nicolaides, Jean, Traditions populaires de I'AsieMinejire, 
 
 Paris, 1889. Abs. p. 89 ; Tab. p. 186. 
 Cavallius, Hylten-, Svenska Folksagor. See Thorpe. 
 Celtic Magazine, vol. xiii. Abs. p. 12; Tab. p. 188. 
 Chambers, R., Popular Rhymes of Scotland. 1870. Abs. p. 102 ; Tab. p. 189 ; 
 
 and see pp. 481-2. 
 Chelchowski, Powiesci i opowiadania ludowe z okolic Przasnysza. Warsaw, 1889. 
 
 See pp. 482-3. 
 Chubinsky, Malorusskiya Skazki. Petersburg, 1878. Abs, p. 60 ; Tab. p. 190. 
 Coelho, F. Adolpho, Contos populares Portuguezes. Lisbon, 1879. Abs. p. 108 ; 
 
 Tab. p. 190. 
 Colshorn, Carl und Theodor, Mdrchen und Sagen. Hanover, 1854. Abs. p. 108 ; 
 
 Tab. p. 191. 
 Comparetti, Domenico, Novelline popolari Italiayie. Roma, Torino, Firenze, 
 
 1875. Abs. pp. 13, 60, 82 ; Tab. pp. 192-97. 
 Corazzini, Francesco, / Componimenti minore delld litteratura popolare nei prin- 
 
 cipali dialetti. Benevento, 1877. Abs. p. 60 ; Tab. p. 197. 
 Coronedi-Berti, Carolina, Novelle popolari Bolognesi. Bologna, 1874. Abs. 
 
 p. 83 ; Tab. p. 198. 
 Cosquin, E,, Contes populaires de Lorraine. 1886. Abs. pp. 61, 89, 90; Tab. 
 
 pp. 199-201 ; and see p. 523. 
 Crane, Italian Popular Tales. London, 1885. Abs. p. 61 ; Tab. pp. 202-3. 
 Curtiri, J., Myths and Folk-lore of Ireland. London, 1890. Abs. p. 13; Tab. 
 
 p. 203. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. IxXV 
 
 Danske Folkecsventyr, No. xxxvii. See pp. io8, 204. 
 
 'Do.^Qnt, Popular Tales from the Norse {ycd Qd.). Edinburgh, 1888. Abs. p. 14 ; 
 
 Tab. p. 204. 
 Denton, Serbian Folk-lore. London, 1874. Abs, p. 14; Tab. p. 206. 
 Des Periers, Jean Bonaventure, Nouvelles Rdcriations et joyeux devis. Lyon, 
 
 1558. Abs. p. 90 ; Tab. p. 206. 
 Dixon, James, Ancient Poems, Ballads, and Songs of the Peasatitry of England. 
 
 London, 1857. Abs. p. 102 ; Tab. p. 207. 
 T)o\ys,ms\iy, Prostojidrodnie Slovenskd povesti. Szent Marton, 1880. Abs. p. 15; 
 
 Tab. p. 208. 
 Dolen, Eit Vikublad. 1870. Abs. p. 15 ; Tab. p. 209. 
 Dozon, Auguste, Contes Albanais. Paris, 1881. Abs. p. 62; Tab. p. 209. 
 Dragonianov, Vi., Malorusskiya Narodnuiya predaniyai razskazy. Kiev, 1876. 
 
 Abs. p. 438 ; Tab. p. 449. 
 
 Finamore, Gennaro, Tradizioni popolari Abbruzzesi. Lanciano, 1882. Abs 
 
 pp. 15, 62, 83, 469 ; Tab. pp. 210-14. 
 Fleury, Littdrature orale de la Basse-Normandie. Paris, 1883. See p. 482. 
 Folk-lore Journal, ii. Abs. p. 16 ; Tab. p. 215, 
 Frere, M., Old Deccan Days (2nd ed.). London, 1870. Abs. p. 91 ; Tab. p. 216. 
 
 Geldart, E. M., Folk-lore of Modern Greece. 1884. See Von Haln. 
 
 Gerle, Volksjndrchen der Bohmen. See p. 509. 
 
 Qliiiski, A. J., Bajarz Polski (2nd ed.). Wilna, 1862. Abs. p. i6 ; Tab. p. 217 ; 
 
 and see p. 520. 
 Gonzenbach, Sicilianische Mdrchen. Leipzig, 1870. Abs. p. 62 ; Tab. p. 217. 
 Gradi, Temistocle, Saggio di letture varie per i Giovani. Torino, 1865. Abs. 
 
 p. 109 ; Tab. p. 219. 
 Grimm, Household Tales. Translated by Margaret Hunt. London, 1884. Abs. 
 
 pp. 17, 63, 83, 91 ; Tab. pp. 221-27 ; and see pp. 492, 494. 
 Gronborg, O. h., Optegnelser pa Vendelbomal, Kobenhavn, 1884. Abs. p. 17; 
 
 Tab. p. 227. 
 Grundtvig, S., Gam/e danske Minder i F'olkemunde. Copenhagen, 1857. Abs. 
 
 pp. 63, no ; Tab. pp. 228-31. 
 UnpubHshed Collection, Abs. pp. 17-20, 63, 64, 103, no ; Tab. pp. 232-40 ; 
 
 and see p. 495. 
 Gubernatis, Angelo de, Le Novelline di Santo Stefano. Torino, 1869. Abs. 
 
 pp. 64, 92, III ; Tab. pp. 240-43. 
 Gypsy-lore Society, Journal of the, vol. iii. Abs. p. 439 ; Tab. p. 450 ; and see 
 
 p. 507. 
 
 Von der Hagen, Friedrich Heinrich, Erzdhlungen und Mdrchen. Prenzlau, 1825. 
 Abs. p. 21 ; Tab. p. 243. 
 
Ixxvi BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 
 
 Von Hahn, Griechische nnd Albanesische Mdrchen. Leipzig, 1864. Abs. pp. 21, 
 64, 65 ; Tab. pp. 244-48. 
 
 Halliwell, James Orchard, Nursery Rhymes aiid Nursery Tales of England. Abs. 
 
 p. 103 ; Tab. p. 248. 
 Haltrich, Josef, Deutsche Volksmdrchen. Wien, 1882. Abs. p. 439 ; Tab. 
 
 P-45I. 
 Haukenas, Th. ^., Hardanger, Naiur, Folkeliv, Folketro. 1891. Abs, p. 112; 
 
 Tab. p. 248. 
 
 Household Stories from the Land of Hofer ; or, Popular Myths of Tirol, London, 
 1871. Abs. p. 112 ; Tab. p. 250. 
 
 Imbriani, XII Conti Pomiglianesi. Napoli, 1877. Abs. p. 469 ; Tab. p. 251. 
 La Novellaja Fiorentina, etc. Livorno, 1877. Abs. pp. 21, 65, 92-94; 
 
 Tab. pp. 252-60. 
 Indian Antiquary. Bombay, 1891. Abs. p. 465 ; Tab. p. 260. 
 Ipswich Journal. Abs. p. 84 ; Tab. p. 264. 
 Ive, Dr. Antonio, Saggi di Dialetto Rovignesi. Trieste, 1888. Abs. p. 22 ; lab. 
 
 p. 265. 
 
 Jahn, U., Volkssagen aus Pomniern und Riigen. Stettin, 1886. See p. 479. 
 
 JahrbuchfUrromanischeundenglisheLiteratur. Leipzig, 1870. Abs. p. 22; Tab. 
 p. 266 ; and see pp. 486-7. 
 
 Janson, Kristofer, Folke-Evcntyr. Kristiania, 1878. Abs. p. 113 ; Tab. p. 267. 
 
 Kamp, J., Danske Folkeceventyr. 1879. Abs. p. 113 ; Tab. p. 268. 
 
 Karajich, Vuk, Serbian Folk-Tales (translated into German by Wilhelmine Kaia- 
 
 jich). Berlin, 1854. Abs. pp. 22, 65; Tab. pp. 270-71. 
 Kennedy, Patrick, Fireside Stories of Ireland. 1875. Abs. p. 66 ; Tab. p. 272. 
 Khudyakov, Velikorusskiya Skazki. Moscow, i860. Abs. pp. 23, 66 ; Tab. 
 
 PP- 273-75- 
 Kletke, H., Mdrchensaal. Berlin, 1845. Abs. p. 23; and see p. 84; Tab. 
 
 p. 275. 
 Knoop, Otto, Volkssagen, Erzdhlungen und Mdrchen aus dem Oestlichen Hinter- 
 
 pommern. Posen, 1885. See p. 520. 
 Kolberg, O., Lud. Radomskie. Cracow, 1887-1888. Abs. p. 24; Tab. p. 277. 
 
 ■ Lud. Kieleckie, 1885-1886. Abs. p. 24; Tab. p. 278. 
 
 Lud. Krakowskie. Abs. pp. 67, 440 ; Tab. pp. 278, 451-2. 
 
 ■ Lud. Sandomierskie. Abs. p. 440 ; Tab. p. 452. 
 
 • Lzid. Kujawy. Abs. p. 440 ; Tab. p. 452. 
 
 Lud. Lubelskie. Abs. p. 441 ; Tab. p. 452. 
 
 Kozlowski, Kornel, Lud. Warsaw, 1867. Abs. pp. 94-5 ; Tab. pp. 278-81. 
 KraussT Friederich S., Sagen und Mdrchen der Siidslaven. Leipzig, 1883-1884. 
 
 Abs. pp. 67, 441 ; Tab. pp. 281, 453. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. Ixxvii 
 
 Kristensen, E. T, , Danske Folkeceventyr. Viborg, 1888. Abs. pp. 24, 441 ; Tab. 
 pp. 282, 453. 
 
 EfterslcEt HI Skattegraveren. 1890. Abs. p. 25 ; Tab. p. 283. 
 
 Jyske Folkemindcr. Kobenhavn, 1881. Abs. pp. 25, 26, 67, 114 ; Tab. 
 
 pp. 284-91. 
 
 Unpublished Collections. Abs. pp. 26-28 ; Tab. pp. 291-96. 
 
 Jones and Kropf, The Folk-Tales of the Magyars. London, 1889. Abs. p. 95 ; 
 Tab. p. 297. 
 
 Landes, A., Contes et L^gendes Annamites. Saigon, 1886. Abs. p. 28; Tab. 
 
 p. 298. 
 ■ Contes Tjames. Saigon, 1887. Abs. p. 28 ; Tab. p. 299. 
 
 Leger, Louis, Contes populaires Slaves. Paris, 1882. Abs. p. 442 ; Tab. 
 
 P- 455- 
 Legrand, Emile, Recueil de Contes populaires Grecs. Paris, 1881. Abs. p. 68 ; 
 
 Tab. pp. 302-3 ; and see No. 53, Jahrbuch. 
 Leskien und Brugman, Litauischt Volkslieder und Mdrchen. Strasburg, 1882. 
 
 Abs. pp. 29, 468 ; Tab. pp. 304-6. 
 Lootens, A., Oude Kindervertelsels in den Brugschen Tongval. Brussels, 1868. 
 
 Abs. p. 84 ; Tab. p. 306. 
 Luzel, Contes populaires de Basse-Bretagne. Paris, 1887. Abs. pp. 30, 68 ; Tab. 
 
 pp. 307-11 ; and see p. 507. . 
 
 MacLeod, Kenneth, Gaelic story collected by. See p. 534. 
 
 Mango, Francesco, Novelline popolari Sarde. Palermo, 1890. Abs. p. 466 ; 
 
 Tab. p. 311. 
 Maspons y Labros, Lo Rondallayre. Barcelona, 1871. Abs. pp. 30, 69, 96 ; 
 
 Tab, pp. 311-16. 
 Maurer, Konrad, Isldndische Volkssagen der Gegenwart. Leipzig, i860. Abs. 
 
 p. 31 ; Tab. p. 316. 
 Meier, Ernst, Deutsche Volksmdrchen aus Schwaben. Stuttgart, 1852. Abs. 
 
 pp. 31, 85, 466 ; Tab. pp. 316-20. 
 Milusine {1886), t. iii. Abs. p. 69 ; Tab. p. 320. 
 
 Mijatovics, Csedomille, Serbian Folk-lore. London, 1874. See Denton. 
 Mili y Fontanals, Observaciones sobre la poesia popular. (See Wolf, in Proben poV" 
 
 tugiesischer und catalanischer Volksromancen. Wien, 1856.) Abs. p. 32; 
 
 Tab.- p. 321. 
 
 Moe, Moltke, Unpublished Collection. Christiania. Abs. pp. 32-35, 70, 442 ; 
 Tab. pp. 322-27, 455. 
 
 Molbech, Udvalgte Eventyr. 1854. Abs. p. 115 ; Tab. p. 328. 
 
 Monseur, E. , Le Folklore Wallon. Bruxelles, i8q2, Abs. p. 470 ; Tab. 
 L L p. 329. 
 I BMUUenhoff, Karl, Sagen, Mdrchen und Lieder der Herzogthiime.r Schleswig Hoi- 
 
Ixxviii BIBLIOGRAJ'HICAL INDEX. 
 
 Nemcova, B,, Slovenskd pohddky a prJeste. Prague, 1857, Abs. p. 35; Tab. 
 
 P- 331- 
 Nerucci, Gherardo, Sessanta Novelle popolari Montalesi. Firenze, 1880. Abs. 
 
 p. 96, see p. 85 ; Tab. pp. 331-33. 
 De Nino, Antonio, Usi e costumi Ab-^uzzesi. Firenze, 1883. Abs. p. 70 ; Tab. 
 
 P- 333- 
 Novella della Figlia del re di Dacia. Pisa, 1866. Abs. p. 97 ; Tab. p. 335. 
 
 Ortoli, J. B. Frederic, Les Contes populaires de Vile de Corse. Paris, 1883. Abs. 
 pp. 85, 97, 98 ; Tab. pp. 335-39. 
 
 Pedroso, Consiglieri, Portuguese Folk-Tales. London, 1882. Abs. pp. 35, 36, 71 ; 
 Tab. pp. 339-42. 
 
 Perrault, Contes du Temps passi. 1697. Abs. pp. 36, 71 ; Tab. pp. 342-44. 
 Pineau, L6on, Les Contes populaires du Poitou. Paris, 1891. Abs. pp. 467, 468 ; 
 Tab. pp. 344-45. 
 
 Pio, Jean, NcocAAtji/ik^ napajuu0*o. Copenhagen, 1879. See Hahn. 
 
 Pitrd, Fiabe, Novelle e Racconti popolari Siciliani. Palermo, 1875. Abs. pp. 2,7 * 
 
 71-73. "6. 470. 471 ; Tab. pp. 345-53- 
 Prohle, Kinder- und Volksmdrchen. Leipzig, 1853. See p. 520. 
 Prym und Socin, Der Neu-Aramdische Dialekt des THrAbdtn. Gottingen, 1881. 
 
 Abs. p. 73 ; Tab. p. 354 ; and see p. 513. 
 
 Revue Celtique, t. iii. Abs. p. 37 ; Tab. p. 354. 
 
 Revtie des langues Romanes, t. V. 1874. Abs. p. 73 ; Tab. p. 355. 
 
 Revue des Traditions populaires , t. iii. Abs. p. 73; Tab. p. 356. 
 
 Riviere, Contes populaires Kabyles. Paris, 1882. See p. 474. 
 
 Rivista di Litteratura popolare. Torino, Roma, Firenze, 1877. Abs. p. 74 ; Tab. 
 
 p. 358. 
 Romanov, Byelorussky Sbornik. Kieff et Witebsk, 1885-1891. See p. 519. 
 Romero, Sylvio, Contos populares do Brazil. Lisbon, 1885. Abs. p. 74; Tab. 
 
 p. 358. 
 Roumanian Fairy Tales and Legends. London, 1881. Abs. p. 443; Tab. p. 456. 
 Rozprawy i Sprawosdania, etc. 1874-1892. Abs. p. 37 ; Tab. p. 360. 
 
 Salmelainen, Eero, Tales and Fables of the Finns. Helsingfors, 1871. Abs. 
 
 PP- 38, 39 ; Tab. pp. 360-65. 
 Santlaren. 18871 Abs. p. 39 ; Tab. p. 365. 
 
 Schambach und Miiller, Niedersdchsische Sag. it. Mdr, See p. 502. 
 Schleicher, August, Litauischc Mdrchen, Sprichworte, Rdtsel und Lieder. 
 
 Weimar, 1857^ Abs. p. 75 ; Tab. p. 365. 
 Schmidt, Befrthafd, Griechische Mdrcken, Sagen und Volkslieder. Leipzig, 1877. 
 
 Abs. p. 117 I Tab. p. 366. 
 
 SchneHef, Chfiitian, Mdrchen und Sagen aus Walschtirol. Innsbrilck, 1867. 
 Abs. pi 104 { Tabi p. 367. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. Ixxix 
 
 Schott (Arthur und Albert), Walachische Mdrchen. Stuttgart und Tiibingen, 
 
 1845. Abs. pp. 75, 117; Tab. pp. 369-71. 
 Schreck, Emmy, Finnische Mdrchen, iibersetzt von. Weimar, 1877, See Salme- 
 
 lainen. 
 S^billot, Paul, Contes populaires de la Hatite-Bretagne. Paris, 1880. Abs. pp. 40, 
 
 98 ; Tab. pp. 372-74- 
 Literature' orale de la Haute-Bretagne. Paris, 1881. Abs. pp. 75, 85 ; 
 
 Tab. pp. 374-76. 
 Skattegraveren, ix. Abs. pp. 40, 118 ; Tab. pp. 2>77-7^- 
 La SocUtd de Literature Finnoise. MS. Collections. Helsingfors. Abs. pp. 
 
 41-44, 76-77, 99, 118 ; Tab. pp. 378-97. 
 Soegard, P. M., I Fjeldbygderne. Christiania, 1868. Abs. pp.. 44, 443 ; Tab. 
 
 pp. 397. 456. 
 Spitta-Bey, Guillaume, Contes arabes modernes. Leide, Paris, 1883. Abs. p. 443 ; 
 
 Tab. p. 457 ; and see p. 475. 
 Stier, G., Ungarische Sagen und Mdrchen. Berlin, 1850. Abs. pp. 45, 444 ; Tab. 
 
 pp. 398. 459. 
 Stojanovic, Mijat, Narodne Pripoviedke. Agram, 1879. Abs. p. 119 ; Tab- 
 
 p. 400, 
 Stokes, Indian Fairy Tales. See p. 510. 
 
 Straparola, Le tredici piacevoli notti. Venice, 1569. Abs. p. 77 ; Tab. p. 401. 
 Sutermeister, Otto, Kinder- und Hausmdrchen aus der Schweiz. Aarau, 1869. 
 
 Abs. p. 99 ; Tab. p. 401 ; and see p. 502. 
 
 Theal, Geo. McCall, Kaffir Folk-lore (2nd ed.). London, 1886. Abs. p. 445 
 
 Tab. p. 460. 
 Thiele, J. M., DanmarKs Folkesagn (1843). See p. 495. 
 
 Thorpe, Benjamin, Yule-Tide Stories. Abs. pp. 46-48, 119-20; Tab. pp. 402-10. 
 Toeppen, M, , Aberglauben aus Masuren. Danzig, 1867. Abs. p. 445; Tab. 
 
 p. 460. 
 Turiault, Etude sur le langage Crdole de la Martinique. Abs, p. 48 ; Tab. p. 410. 
 Tvedt, ].,Hornbdk, Hjemmet og Skolen. 1873. Abs. p. 49 ; Tab. p. 410. 
 
 Vernaleken, F. Th,, Oesterreichische Kinder- und Hausmdrchen, etc. Wien, 1864. 
 
 Abs. p. 77 ; Tab. p. 410. 
 Visentini, Isaia, Fiabe Mantovane. Torino, Roma, 1879. Abs. pp. 49, 104 ; 
 j Tab. pp. 411-13. 
 
 I Volkskunde. Antwerp, 1889. Abs. pp. 49, 86, 100 ; Tab. pp. 413-16. 
 
 Vuletic-Vukasovic, Vid, Unpublished story, contributed by. Abs. p. 50; Tab. 
 p. 416. 
 
 L ^Waldau, A., Bohniisches Mdrchenbuch. Prague, i860. Abs. pp. 50,77; Tab. 
 
IXXX BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 
 
 Webster, Wentworth, Basque Legends. London, 1877. Abs. pp. 78, 86, 100, 
 
 120; Tab. pp. 422-24. 
 Weryho, W. , Podania lotewskic. Warsaw, 1892. Abs. p. 78 ; Tab. p. 424. 
 Wlislocki, Heinrich von, Mdrchen und Sagen der Bukcrwinaer und Siebenbiirger 
 
 Armenier. Hamburg, 1892. Abs. p. 120 ; Tabi p. 425. 
 Wolf, F. See Mila y Fontanals. 
 
 Wojcicki, K. W., Polish Fairy Tales. Warsaw, 1850, Abs. p. 51 ; Tab. p. 427. 
 ■ I Polnische Volkssagen und Mdrchen, translated into German by Friederich 
 
 Heinrich Lewestam. Berlin, 1839. Abs. p. 78 ; Tab. p. 428. 
 Wratislaw, A. H. , Sixty Folk- Tales [Southern Slavonians : Bulgarian Stories], 
 
 London, 1880. Abs. p. 51 ; Tab. p. 428. 
 
 Zbidr wiadomosci do antropologji Krajowej. Cracow, 1877-1892. Abs. pp. 52, 79 ; 
 
 Tab. pp. 430-31 ; and see p. 478. 
 Zingerle, Ignaz und Josef, Tirols Volksdichtungen und Volksgebrduche. Band i. 
 
 Kinder- und Hausindrchen. Innsbruck, 1852. Abs. pp. 51, 100, 121 ; Tab. 
 
 pp. 432-35 ; and see p. 510. 
 Op. cit. Band ii. Kinder- und Hausmdrchen aus Siiddeuischland. 
 
 Regensburg, 1854. Abs. pp. 104, 446 ; Tab. pp. 435, 461. 
 
CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Part I 
 
 A.— CINDERELLA. 
 
 G. A. Aberg, Nylandska Folksagor. Helsingfors, 1887. P. 321, 1 
 No. 251. (From Finland.) 
 
 " DoM TRi Flikkona som sku ti Kungsgaln o Tj^na" (The 
 three Girls who went as Servants to the King's Palace). 
 
 Farmer's three daughters wash their hands -for seven years in 
 new milk because they are to be king's servants. Eldest daughter 
 on way to palace meets sheep with scissors on its horns, asking to 
 be shorn ; cow with pail on its horns, asking to be milked ; old 
 man in ditch, asking to be helped out. She refuses each lest she 
 soil her hands. Same thing happens to second daughter, who 
 declines to help. Heroine shears sheep, gets wool as reward ; 
 milks cow, puts wool into the milk ; helps old man out of ditch, 
 gets his stick, black at one end, green at the other. Menial 
 heroine (swineherd at palace) — Magic dresses, obtained by 
 striking pig-sty wall with black end of stick — Meeting place 
 (garden) — King pursues heroine [Threefold flight] ; catches her 
 third time — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Happy marriage 
 \ — Sisters are servants to heroine. 
 
 G. A. Aberg, Nylandska Folksagor. Helsingfors, 1887. P. 322, 2 
 No. 252. (From Virby in Kyrnstatt, Finland.) 
 
 " Flickorna, som foro till Kungens Gard" (The Girls who 
 went to the King's Palace). 
 
 Three sisters are to go as servants to th^ king's palace. Eldest 
 I meets cow with pail on its horns, asking to be milked ; sheep with 
 I scissors oh its horns, asking to be shorn ; old man with knife in 
 
2 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 his hand, asking to be loused. She refuses each, lest she soil her 
 hands. Gets work at palace. Second sister meets the same, and 
 declines to help. Heroine milks cow and drinks milk; shears sheep 
 and takes wool ; louses old man, who gives her a silk dress, silver 
 dress, gold dress, a gold carriage, gold shoes, and gold horse. 
 Menial heroine (at palace) — Magic dresses — Meeting-place 
 (church) — (Threefold flight) — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 3 J. B. Andrews, Contes Ligures. Paris, 1892. No. I. Pp. 3-7. 
 
 (From Mentone.) 
 
 " Catarina." 
 
 Heroine persuades widowed father to marry her Fairy-god- 
 mother — Ill-treated heroine (by stepmother) — Menial heroine 
 (minds goat) — Task (spinning) — Task-performing animal (goat) 
 — Slaying of helpful animal — Eating taboo — Revivified bones- 
 Father starting on voyage offers gifts. Heroine bids him only 
 visit her .aunt and carry greeting. Aunt sends nut to heroine 
 ^containing Magic dress; and, on second occasion, almond 
 containing gold slippers — Meeting-place (church) — Heroine made 
 beautiful by bones ; sits by stepsisters ; gives one her handker- 
 chief — Two-fold flight — Pursuers detained with (i) bran in their 
 eyes, (2) handful of pence — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 ^ 
 
 4 Archceological Review^ vol. iii (March-July 1^89), pp. 24-27. 
 
 " ASHPITEL." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sisters) 
 — Menial heroine (minds sheep) — Helpful animal — Ear 
 cornucopia — Spy on heroine— Slaying of helpful animal — 
 Old woman counsels heroine — Revivified bones — Task (to 
 make big pot of soup out of thimbleful of water, one grain of 
 — barley, and one crumb of bread) — Task-performing animal — 
 Meeting-place (church) — Dresses (not magic) and glass slippers 
 (her own) — Flight (two-fold) — Lost shoe— b hoe marriage test 
 — Mutilated foot — False bride — Animal witness (raven) — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. 3 
 
 A rch'm'o, n, pp. 2^ -^4. Novelle popolari Sarde. Story No. III. 5 
 Contributed by Sig. Giovanni Pipere di Nuoro. 
 
 " Sa Bitella de SOS CoRROS d'Oro" (The Calf with Golden 
 
 Horns). 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine — ^ 
 Fairy aid. Heroine gives water to fairy, who in return endows 
 her with beauty, promises her a prince's love, and gives her calf 
 with golden horns, which she must take care of and obey. Step- 
 mother, jealous, sends own daughter to draw water, but girl refuses 
 drink to fairy, who causes her to shrivel up into old woman. 
 Heroine daily pastures calf— Slaying of helpful animal (calf) — 
 Bones collected and put in grotto — Magic dresses (from grotto) 
 — Meeting-place (mass)— Flight (manifold) — Lost shoe— Shoe 
 marriage test — Happy marriage— Villain nemesis (step-sister 
 remains accursed). 
 
 1^ 
 
 Ibid.^ ii, pp. 185-87. Nov. pop. Sarde. Story No. V. 6 
 
 "Sa Contanscia de Chiginera" (The Story of Cinderella). 
 
 [Ill-treated heroine]— Gifts from father ; heroine asks him to 
 %2\\i\.Q. puzzone inedianu ; horse will not stir till he has done so. 
 Puzzone (= prince, doing penance) sends (i) nut, (2) almond to 
 Cinderella — Magic dresses, from almond ; tiring-maids from nut 
 — Meeting-place (church) — Lost shoe (silver) — Shoe marriage 
 test — Heroine discovered in kitchen, wearing magic dress and 
 silver shoe; prince gives her fellow-shoe. — Cinderella attends 
 Mass in magic clothes ; sits between sisters ; gives each a flower 
 nd box on ear ; reminds them of this afterwards, when they 
 boast to father about lady's gift — C. invites father to dinner she 
 has prepared. Sisters deride her ; but prince comes to dinner 
 and claims bride^Happy marriage. 
 
 I 
 
 Ibid..^ ii, 54-58. (A Cinderella Story from Camerino, by Caterina 
 Pigorini-Beri.) 
 
 "La Cenerentola." 
 
 I Ill-treated heroine (by mother) — Hearth abode — Gifts from 
 father : heroine chooses gold tree, gold pot, gold spade ; plants 
 B 2 
 
4 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 and tends tree which gives Magic dresses —Meeting-place (ball) — 
 Three-fold flight — Trap — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — When 
 prince returns to fetch bride, mother has hidden heroine in tub 
 and dressed sister in her rags — Animal witness (cock) — Prince 
 puts sister in tub and rides off with heroine — Happy marriage — 
 Mother boils sister by mistake : props up corpse on stairs. Father 
 returns ; getting no answer from corpse, knocks it downstairs. 
 
 8 Armenische Bibliothek^ herausgegeben von Abgar Jannissiany. 
 Leipzig, 1887. IV, pp. i-io. 
 
 "The Brother Ram." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine and brother (by step-mother) — Father per- 
 suaded to abandon them in the mountains. Brother is thirsty. 
 Sister urges him not to drink (i) rain water in horse's hoof-prints, 
 or he will turn into foal ; (2) in print of ox-hoofs, or he will turn 
 into calf; (3) buffalo-hoofs, (4) bear's paws, (5) pig's feet, and (6) 
 wolfs feet, for fear of similar transformations. Finally, he drinks 
 from print of sheep's foot, and is turned into ram. Heroine and 
 ram reach home. Step-mother seeks to slay ram ; heroine escapes 
 with it to mountain. While spinning she drops distaff, which rolls 
 into cave \ goes after it, leaving ram grazing. Finds thousand- 
 year-old crone (Dew), who offers her fish to eat, and brings snakes 
 and dragons. Heroine is terrified, and weeps. Tells her story. 
 Crone makes fire, puts fire-hook into stove, and says : "If Black- 
 ness passes by, don't wake me ; if Rainbow-hued flies past, put 
 glowing fire-rake to my feet to wake me." She goes to sleep, 
 with head on heroine's knees. Black monster flies past. Pre- 
 sently, Rainbow-hued appears. Heroine throws fire-hook at feet 
 of crone, who wakes, and finds heroine's locks and raiment turned 
 ^ to gold Heroine takes leave of crone, and drives ram home. 
 Buries gold clothes in hole near stove, and dons old ones before 
 she is seen by step-mother, who notices gold locks, learns how 
 she got them, and all that has happened. Sends own daughter 
 to mountain to do likewise. Crone turns her into scare-crow, and 
 sends her back. Step-mother and step-sister go to see wedding. 
 Heroine follows in Magic dress — Hurries home before them — 
 Lost shoe. It falls into stream. King's horses, seeing gold shoe, 
 refuse to drink. Wise men discover reason : shoe taken to King — 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. 5 
 
 Shoe marriage test— Animal witness (cock) — Happy marriage — 
 
 Ram taken to palace — Step-mother and step-sister visit heroine ; 
 propose bathing ; push her far out to sea. Fish swallows heroine. 
 Substituted bride. Heroine, inside fish, hears voice of bell-ringer ; 
 begs him cross himself seven times, and tell King not to slay 
 brother ram. King goes at night to sea-shore with bell-ringer ; 
 hears heroine's voice ; springs into sea, cuts open fish with sword, 
 and delivers her — Villain Nemesis. Step-mother and step-sister 
 bound to horse's tail — Three apples fall from heaven. 
 
 Jon Arnason, I^olk-tales of Iceland, collected by. Leipzig, 1862- 9 
 64. Translation by W. Howard Carpenter ; published in 
 Folk-Lore Record, iii, 237-241. 
 
 "Step-Mother Story." 
 
 Widowed King, father of Mjadveig, marries widow. She and 
 her daughter Kroka change at will into giantesses — Ill-treated 
 heroine (by step-mother and step-sister) — Mother help (in 
 dream) — Heroine directed by dead mother (i) to pick up ker- 
 chief in path ; this is stolen from her by step-sister; (2) to follow 
 clue of yarn which conducts her to bower where she dwells un- 
 seen — Lost shoe ; heroine vows she will wed whatever man finds 
 it. King's son puts ashore to visit King ; finds shoe, is per- 
 suaded by queen that it belongs to her daughter with whom he 
 sails away — Mutilated foot — False bride — Animal witness 
 (birds in rigging) — Prince lands again at same spot ; chances on 
 heroine's bower ; sees she wears fellow shoe to one he carries, 
 and bids her put on ; takes her to ship, goes to his own country 
 — Happy marriage — Villain Nemesis — Step-sister is burnt and 
 her ashes made into porridge which queen eats ; she is then 
 )urnt also. 
 
 lRNAson, Icelandic Legends. Translated by Geo. J. Powell and 10 
 Eirikr Magniisson (2nd Series). London, 1866, pp. 235-250. 
 
 "The Story of Mjadveig, Daughter of Mani." 
 
 New queen sought for widowed king Mani. Harp-playing 
 widowed queen, with one daughter, chosen. Ill-treated 
 heroine (by step-mother and step-sister) — Spell wrought by 
 
 II 
 
6 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Step-mother causing heroine and step-sister, through exchange of 
 dresses, to change places and shapes. Heroine (Mjadveig) bound 
 hand and foot — Mother help (in dream) — Magic food-producing 
 cloth — Spy on heroine — Magic cloth stolen by step-sister — Hero- 
 ine, directed by mother in dream, escapes to house by the sea. 
 Key opens house by charm only — One day heroine takes fright 
 at sight of ships. Leader of fleet lands and picks up Lost shoe 
 — Shoe marriage test — Hero goes to Mani's house in quest of 
 the real Mjadveig — Mutilated foot — False bride — Animal wit- 
 ness (birds) — Spell-dissolving plate put by prince on false bride's 
 shoulders, transforms her to troll — Villain Nemesis (killed and 
 salted). — Happy marriage — Salted flesh of false bride, given to 
 step-mother to eat at wedding, transforms her to troll — Villain 
 Nemesis (blown up with gunpowder) — Heroine has son. Bath- 
 woman puts spell on her ; they exchange dresses, places, and 
 shapes — Herdsman sees heroine inside glass hall on rock which 
 giant drags into sea by iron chain. Dwarf tells herdsman how to 
 release heroine, giving axe with which to cut iron chain — Giant 
 blinded by contents of bag flung by dwarf — Heroine delivered — 
 Herdsman informs prince ; is made earl — Spell-dissolving board 
 put by prince on bath-woman transforms her to troll — Villain 
 Nemesis (killed) — Hero and heroine reunited. 
 
 AsBjoRNSEN OG MoE, Norske Folkeeventyr, No. 1 9. 
 
 "Kari Tr^stak." 
 
 (See Dasent, No. 30.) 
 
 11 P. C. AsBjORNSEN, Nor^ Billedbogfor de?7 Norske Ungdom, 
 
 Christiania, 1837. 
 
 " ■ "Kari Tr^stak." 
 
 Parents leave boy and girl a baking-pan and a cat. Boy takes 
 baking-pan — Cat aid — Menial heroine — (kitchen-maid at palace) 
 — Helpful animal (cat) catches (i) reindeer, (2) stag, (3) elk ; 
 sells them to king for 100, 200, 300 dollars ; buys for heroine 
 saddle-horse and Magic dresses — Token objects thrown : water, 
 towel, comb. — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight — Prince 
 
-CINDERELLA. 
 
 secures heroine's glove — Pitch trap — Lost shoe (golden) — Shoe 
 marriage test — Mutilated foot — False bride — Animal witness 
 (bird) — Magic dress worn under husk — Happy marriage. 
 
 P. Chr. Asbjornsen og Jorgen Moe, Norske Folke-eventyr, 12 
 2nd edition. Christiania, 1852. P. 416. (From Bygland, 
 Norway.) 
 
 "Kari Tr^stak." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Task (to gather grain 
 from ashes) — ^^ from hill-folk. — Magic dresses — [Story pro- 
 ceeds like " Kari Traestak'' (see No. 11), except that heroine does 
 not serve in king's castle.] 
 
 Idid., p. 416. (From Hardanger, Norway.) 
 
 "Kari Tr^stak." 
 
 Man, seeking runaway horse, comes to widow's house and rests. 
 Chair holds him captive till he promises to marry widow — Ill- 
 treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sisters)— Menial 
 heroine (herds cattle) — Helpful animal (ox) — ^Ear cornucopia — 
 Step-sisters sent* to spy; heroine sends them to sleep by hair- 
 dressing. But eye in back of second step-sister's neck discovers 
 magic food-supply — Slaying of helpful animal — House springs 
 up where ox is buried, containing dresses, etc., for heroine — Task 
 (to gather grain from ashes) — ^Jask-performing animals (birds) 
 — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight — 
 Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated feet — Happy mar- 
 riage. 
 
 1^* 
 
 Ibid., p. 420. (From Hardanger.) 
 "Kari Tr/estak." 
 
 Menial heroine, in troll's service — Meeting-place (church) — 
 Threefold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated 
 foot (step-sister's) — Animal witness (birds) — Happy marriage. 
 
8 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Ibid.^ p. 420. (From Fjeldberg.) 
 
 " Lindedronningen" (The Lime-tree Queen). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Help from lime-tree 
 queen — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold 
 flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated foot — 
 Animal witness (birds)— Happy marriage. 
 
 1 
 
 16 Athanas'ev, Russian Folk-tales. Part VI, pp. 152-154. No. 30. 
 
 " Chernushka" (Little Cinderella). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sisters) — Menial 
 • _ heroine nicknamed " the Black Girl " — Task (grain-sorting) — 
 T^sk-performing animals (doves) — Magic dresses (provided by 
 doves) — Meeting-place (ball) — Threefold flight — Pitch-trap — 
 Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated foot — Animal wit- 
 ness (doves) — Happy marriage — Villain Nemesis. 
 
 D' Aulnoy, Madame, Conies des Fees, 1 698. 
 
 "Finette Cendron." 
 
 (See No. 56.) 
 
 Das .Ausland, Jahrgang 1832. "Marchen und Kinderspiele in 
 Griechenland", von Dr. Zuccarini. No. 58, p. 230. 
 
 " 'ETuijTOTrovTa." 
 
 Elder sisters kill and eat mother. Youngest, Staetopouta 
 (Aschenputtel), refuses to partake ; collects mother's bones and 
 buries them under tree. Bird sings overhead — Help at grave — 
 Magic dresses — Ill-treated heroine (by envious sisters) — Menial 
 heroine — Meeting-place (church) — Sisters go together; prince falls 
 in love with heroine — Trap (honey nol pitch)— Every woman 
 loses a shoe : heroine's is the smallest — Lost shoe — Shoe mar- 
 riage test — Sisters hide heroine in hen-house ; prince discovers 
 her — Happy marriage — Old woman sent by sisters transforms 
 heroine into bird whilst dressing her hair. Bird escapes from her 
 on to roof. Prince hears it singing and has it caught. Bird tells 
 
A. CINDERELLA. 
 
 him what has happened. Old woman, compelled to remove 
 spell, bids prince pluck out feathers, whereupon heroine is re- 
 transformed — Villain Nemesis. 
 
 Basile, Pentamerone. Aus dem Neapohtanischen iibertragen von 18 
 FeHx Liebrecht. Breslau, 1846. ist Day, 6th Tale, vol. i, pp. 
 78-89. 
 
 "La Gatta Cenerentola." 
 
 Governess counsels heroine to murder unkind step-mother and 
 to persuade father to marry her — Ill-treated heroine (by governess 
 step-mother) — Fairy Dove aid — Hearth abode — Gifts chosen from 
 father. Heroine bids him ask fairy dove on island of Sardinia to 
 send her something. Ship will not move because he forgets this. 
 Captain dreams reason why. Fairy dove sends heroine gold palm 
 branch (which she plants), -geM-flo^ ver pot^ gold G pad «, silk ker- ^^ 
 chief — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (festival) ^ — Three-fold 
 flight — Gold and jewels thrown to pursuers — Lost shoe — Shoe 
 test, after banquet to which all are invited : unsuccessful. 
 Second shoe test : Heroine is present — Happy marriage. 
 
 ^^cusT^i^j Deutsches Mdrchenbuch. Leipzig, 1846. Pp. 242-44. 19 
 
 " ASCHENBRODEL." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sisters) — 
 Menial heroine — Hearth-abode — Gifts chosen from father- 
 Heroine chooses hazel-twig and plants it on mother's grave. ^ 
 — Help at grave — Task (grain-sorting) — Task-performing ^ 
 animals (birds)— Magic dresses — MeetiDg-place (ball) — Three- 
 fold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriige test — Happy marriage 
 — Villain Nemesis. 
 
 Bernoni, Fiade popolari Veneziane. Venezia, 1873. Story 
 No. VIII, pp. 36-44. 
 
 "La Conza-Senare." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by elder sisters) leaves home to take 
 service — Fairy aid — Menial heroine called " Conza-Senare" at 
 palace by prince — Magic dresses procured by means of fairy 
 
CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 wand — Meeting-place (ball) — Three-fold flight — Sand and money 
 and lastly shoe thrown at pursuers — (Prince has struck heroine 
 with tongs, but token object is not named at ball) — Love-sick 
 prince — Recognition food — Happy marriage. 
 
 21 Biblioteca de las Tradiciones popiilares Espanolas, t. i, p. 114 
 
 " Maria la Cenicienta." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Slaying of helpful 
 & animal (eatf) — Magic wand for heroine in entrails of calf, which 
 whilst she washes them, are carried away by stream — Heroine 
 taken to hut, which she tidies for old woman, then cooks dinner. 
 Then old woman sends her to sleep, restores calf s entrails, and 
 gives her star on brow — Step-mother covers star with rag — 
 Envious step-sister wants to get same, but refuses to tidy hut, and 
 is punished with turkey-cock's crest on brow. Step-mother covers 
 it with silk kerchief — Magic dresses and equipage produced by 
 means of wand — Meeting-place (ball)— Flight— Lost shoe — Shoe 
 marriage test — Heroine hidden under kneading-trough — Animal 
 witness (dog) — Happy marriage. 
 
 22 A. ^o^T>YJ$^o^, Svenska Folksagor. Stockholm, 1882. P. 91. 
 No. XXIII. (From Varmland, in Sweden.) 
 
 " Askungen" (Cinder-brat). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sisters) —Menial 
 heroine, nick-named Cinder-brat — Midwife aid — Transformation 
 ■~^ of pumpkin, rats, and caterpillars, into chariot, horses, coachman, 
 and footmen for heroine — Magic dresses by means of midwife's 
 wand — Meeting-place (ball). Heroine must leave before mid- 
 night. — Twofold flight. Heroine detained past midnight at 
 second ball. Magic dresses become rags — Lost shoe (no longer 
 golden, but shabby and very small) — Shoe marriage test — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. II 
 
 Busk, The Folk-lore of Rome. London, 1874. Pp. 26-29. 
 
 " La Cenorientola." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by elder sisters) — Menial heroine (called 
 "Cenorientola") — Gifts chosen by three daughters from father. 
 Bird, promised to heroine, forgotten by father whose boat will not 
 moye till he gets it — Helpful animal (bird) — Magic dresses — 
 Meeting-place (ball) — Tlu^ee-fold flight— Lost shoe (golden) — 
 Shoe marriage test—Happy marriage. 
 
 f 
 
 Busk, op. cit. Pp. 31-37. 
 *' Vaccarella." 
 
 F 
 
 Widow seeks marriage with father of heroine, whom she in- 
 structs with own daughter — Ill-treated heroine— Menial heroine 
 (called "Maria") tends cow (called " Vaccarella")— Tasks, (i) 
 spinning, (2) weaving, (3) shirt-making — Task-performing 
 anroaal (cow) assumes form of woman to make shirt — Spy on 
 heroine— Slaying of helpful animal — Golden ball under heart of 
 helpful animal gives magic help — Magic dresses — Meeting-place 
 (church) — Three-fold flight — Lost shoe — Heroine made to clean 
 barrel : step-sister takes her place inside barrel — Shoe marriage 
 test — Happy marriage — Step-sister scalded to death by mistake. 
 Step-mother sets up corpse on stairs as though living : father 
 throws wood at it. Villain Nemesis — Father takes infant daughter 
 and deserts wife. 
 
 n 
 
 Calcutta Review., li (1870), p. 121, 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Helpful animal (cow), 
 gives milk — Slaying of helpful animal — Revivified bones 
 — Eating taboo — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (palace) — Flight 
 (? threefold) — Lost shoe — Heroine hides in granary — Animal 
 witness (cock) — Happy marriage — Villain Nemesis. 
 
12 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 26 Campbell, No. XLIII. Vol. ii, 286 ff. 
 
 * "The Sharp(horned) Grey Sheep." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (minds 
 sheep) — Helpful animal — Henwife, consulted by step-mother, 
 sends own daughter to spy on heroine, who sends her to sleep by 
 hair-dressing. Eye in back of spy's head sees sheep bring meat — 
 Slaying of helpful animal — Revivified hones — Henwife's daugh- 
 ter tells of prince's love for heroine ; step-sister sent in her place 
 to herd sheep. Heroine secretly receives gold shoes and rendez- 
 vous from prince — Meeting-place (sermon) — Threefold flight — 
 Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated foot — False bride — 
 Animal witness (bird) — Happy marriage. 
 
 Hylten-Cavallius, Svenska Folks agor. 
 
 " Den lilla Goldskon." 
 
 (See Thorpe, No. 112.) 
 
 27 Celtic Magazine, vol. xiii, pp. 454-465. 
 
 " The Snow-white Maiden, and the Fair Maid, and the 
 Swarthy Maid, and Frizzle or Bald-Pate their 
 Mother." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sisters) — Menial 
 heroine — Befriended by " Cantrips" or Trouble the House — 
 Magic dresses — Starlings three sit on either shoulder — Cantrips 
 strikes rock and produces black steed — Meeting-place (church) 
 — Flight (two-fold) — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage te&t — Heroine 
 hidden under wash-tub — Happy Marriage — Milk and honey 
 from heroine's finger-tips allay thirst of prince. " Fair maid " 
 accompanies heroine as maid of honour, pushes her whilst bathing 
 into lock where great beast " Senselessness" seizes her. Heroine 
 comes up twice and questions herd-boy, third time is waylaid by 
 prince, who slays monster. Birds sing for heroine alone. Steed 
 weeps tears of blood for her. 
 
A. CINDERELLA. 1 3 
 
 CoMPARETTi, Novelline popolari Italiane. Roma, Torino, Firenze, 28 
 1875. No. XXIII, pp. 95-100. 
 
 " La Cenerentola." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by mother) — Hearth-abode — Menial 
 heroine minds ducks — Task (spinning) — Old woman aid — Old -^ 
 
 woman lends heroine magic comb, which makes fall from her 
 hair corn for ducks and jewels. Task performed by means of 
 magic wand. Same things happen several days — Magic dresses 
 provided by bird Veidirib given heroine by old woman — Meeting- 
 place (ball) — Three-fold flight^Money and Shoe thrown to 
 pursuers — Prince fetches heroine from parents who, at first, 
 refuse to show her. The jingling of bells on heroine's magic 
 dress is mistaken for noise of fire-irons — Happy marriage — 
 Heroine gives presents to parents and sister. 
 
 CRk'i^^, Italian Popular Tales. London, 1885. No. IX, pp. 42-47 
 
 " Cinderella.' 
 
 (See Imbriani, No. 51, the original of this version.) 
 
 ]. CvRTi"^^ My Ihs and Folk-lore of Ireland. London, 1870. 29 
 Pp. 78-92. 
 
 " Fair, Brown, and Trembling." 
 
 I Ill-treated heroine (by elder sisters) — Menial heroine — Hero 
 loves eldest sister first — Henwife wears cloak of darkness ; befriends ^ 
 heroine^" Trembling " — Magic dresses, procured by clipping 
 from old clothes — Hair dipt turns golden — Honey bird, honey 
 finger, and magic steeds for heroine — Meeting-place (church) : 
 heroine must not go inside — Threefold flight — Lost shoe — Search 
 for heroine by hero and other princes — Shoe marriage test — 
 Mutilated feet — Hero combats competitors for heroine — Happy 
 marriage — Eldest sister, " Fair", visits heroine after birth of son ; 
 pushes her into sea, where whale swallows her — Substituted 
 bride detected by sword remaining cold — Heroine, thrown up 
 three times by whale, sends tidings by cow-boy. Fair gives cow- 
 boy drink of oblivion, which he next time refuses, and tells hero, 
 
 1 
 
14 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 who shoots whale with silver bullet in vulnerable spot revealed by 
 heroine. Speech taboo on heroine till this is done — Villain 
 Nemesis — Cow-boy marries second child of hero and heroine. 
 
 30 Dasent, Popular Tales from the Norse, 3rd ed., Edin., 1888. 
 
 Pp- 357-374. 
 " Katie Woodencloak." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sister) — Menial 
 -^ heroine (herds cattle) — Helpful animal (bull) — Ear cornucopia 
 
 — Spy on heroine — Bull's flesh only cure for step-mother's feigned 
 illness — Flight of heroine on bull — Bull carries heroine through 
 copper, silver and gold-forests to castle. Heroine accidentally 
 breaks off, (i) copper leaf, (2) silver leaf, (3) gold apple, causing 
 to appear trolls, (i) three-headed, (2) six-headed, (3) nine-headed, 
 whom bull fights and kills. Ointment from horn in troll's belt 
 cures bjill's wounds— Bull bids heroine cut off his head, flay him, 
 put copper and silver leaves, and gold apple in hide, lay it in 
 rock, which will give what she wants when knocked with stick. 
 Then go to pig-sty, don woodencloak of lath strips, call herself 
 Katie Woodencloak, and take service as scullery-maid at castle — 
 Token object thrown, ([1] water, [2] towel, [3] comb) — Magic 
 dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight — (i) Prince 
 secures heroine's glove — Pitch trap — ^Lost shoe (golden) — ^Shoe 
 marriage test — Mutilated foot — False bride — Animal witness 
 (bird) — Magic dress worn under husk — Happy marriage. 
 
 31 Denton, Serbian Folk-lore. London, 1874. Pp. 59-66. 
 
 "Papalluga, or the Golden Slipper." 
 
 Old man warns girls spinning and cattle-tending against 
 dropping spindle down cliff. Heroine drops hers, transforming 
 — mother into cow^— Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Task, 
 spinning. — Transformed mother help— Spy on heroine — Slay- 
 ing of helpful animal — Eating taboo — Revivified bones — Help 
 at grave — Menial heroine, called Papalluga — Task, grain-sort- 
 ing — Task performing animals (birds) — Magic dress — Meet- 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. 1 5 
 
 ing place (church) — Three-fold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe 
 marriage test — Animal witness (cock), reveals heroine under 
 wash trough — Happy marriage. 
 
 DoBsiNSKY, Prostondrodnie Slovenske povesti. Turcansky Sv. 
 Martin, 1880. Part VIII. Pp. 65-84. 
 
 " POPELUSA." 
 
 King loses kingdom and becomes forest-ranger. Ill-treated 
 heroine and sisters (by step-mother) — Heroine and sisters, aban- 
 doned in the desert, find their way home by means of clue of 
 thread. Second time heroine recommends trail of ashes (hence 
 she is called Popelusa) ; these are scattered by gale. One-eyed 
 giant carries them off; heroine plans his death. They live at 
 giant's castle. Elder sisters go to palace where king is to choose 
 [)ride. Heroine finds gold keys opening rooms containing Magic 
 dresses— Meeting-place (town) — Twofold flight — Lost shoe — 
 Shoe marriage test — Happy marriage — Heroine fetches father 
 to castle. 
 
 DoLEN, Eit Vikublad^ 1870. No. III. 
 
 "Mandottere I Grisehusi" (The Man's Daughter in the 
 Pig-sty). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by sorceress-step-mother) — Pig-sty 
 abode — Neighbour advises heroine to visit mother's grave on 
 three Thursday nights — Mother help at grave — Heroine advised 
 by dead mother to go three Thursday nights and knock at hill ; 
 third time old woman comes out— Old woman aid— Magic dresses 
 — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight — Lost shoe— Shoe 
 marriage test — Mutilated foot— Animal witness (bird) — Happy 
 marriage. 
 
 FiNAMORE, Tradizioni popolari Abbruzzesi. Lanciano, 1882. 
 
 No. II. Pp. 8-12. 
 
 " La Bbrutta Cenerelle." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine, minds 
 cow — Tasks (spinning) — Task-performing animal (cow) — 
 Slaying of helpful animal — Heroine begs for cow's paunch; 
 
 I 
 
1 6 CINDERELLA VARL/^NTS. 
 
 washes it ; finds ball inside, containing box which supplies Magic 
 dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Heroine gives rings to step- 
 sister who places her chair — Two-fold flight — Money thrown to 
 pursuers — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Witness (neigh- 
 bours) — Heroine to clean inside of tub ; persuades step-sister to 
 get in in her place. Step-mother boils own daughter by mistake : 
 Villain Nemesis — Happy marriage. 
 
 35 Folk- Lore Journal^ ii, 72-74. (From Old Meldrum, Aberdeen- 
 shire.) 
 
 "The Red Calf." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by parents) ; herds cattle — Helpful 
 — ^nimal (red calf) takes her to house where food is spread. Spy 
 *bn heroine — (Slaying of helpful animal proposed)— Sister holds 
 calf: heroine beheads her instead — Heroine flight on calf — 
 Heroine disguise (rashin coatie) — Menial heroine (kitchen- 
 maid at palace) — Magic dresses provided by calf — Meeting- 
 place (church) — Flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — 
 Mutilated foot (henwife's daughter's)— Animal witness (bird) — 
 Prince enters his own kitchen ; recognises " Rashin coatie" — 
 Happy marriage — House built for red calf. 
 
 Geldart, Folk-lore of Modern Greece^ 1884, pp. 27-30. 
 
 " Little Saddleslut." 
 
 (See No. 50.) 
 
 36 Glinski, Bajarz Polski^ 2nd edition. Wilna, 1862. Vol. iii, 
 
 pp. 135-49- 
 
 Outcast heroine (by elder sisters for having buried horse's 
 
 -- head) — Menial heroine (servant at palace) — Help in dream — 
 
 Heroine dreams of treasure-oak^ — Magic dresses — Meeting-place 
 
 (church)— Threefold flight — Pitch trap — Lost shoe — Shoe 
 
 marriage test — Happy marriage. 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. I^ 
 
 Grimm, Household Tales. No. XXL Vol. i, pp. 93-100. 37 
 
 " ASCHENPUTTEL. " 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sisters) — 
 Hearth-abode — Gifts chosen by three daughters from father. 
 Heroine chooses hazel-branch, and plants it on mother's grave. 
 — Help at grave — Task (grain sorting) — Task-performing 
 animals (birds) — Transformed mother help (bird on tree) — ^^ 
 Magic dresses — Meeting-place (ball) — Three-fold flight — 
 Heroine hides, (i) in pear-tree, (2) in pigeon-house, which are 
 cut down by father — Pitch-trap — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage 
 test— Mutilated feet — False brides — Animal witness (birds) — 
 Happy marriage — Villain Nemesis. 
 
 O. L. Gronborg, OptegncLser pa Vendelbomal. Kobenhavn, 1884. 
 P. 96. No. VI. 
 
 " Stifdatteren " (The Step-daughter). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sisters)— Hearth 
 abode— Dead mother help (at grave) — Magic dresses and 
 
 equipage from tree which opens at command — Bagful of mist 
 thrown before and behind heroine's chariot — Meeting-place 
 (church) — Heroine sits in step-mother's pew ; step-sisters are 
 squeezed to make room for her — Threefold flight — Prince sees 
 heroine vanish like a shooting star into mist — Lost shoe— Shoe 
 marriage test— ^Mutilated feet — Animal witness (crow) — 
 Happy marriage — (Villain Nemesis). Step-sisters grow yellow 
 and grey with jealousy, and cry their eyes red, so that none 
 court them. 
 
 B ■ Prof. Grundtvig's Unpublished Collections. (From East 
 i' I Jutland.) 
 
 1 "Ludse Lurveh^ette" (Lucy Ragged-hood.) 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by mother) — Menial heroine (milks 
 cows)— Helpful animal (cat) asks for milk— Heroine, thrashed 
 !i for having given it, fears to do so third time. Cat promises 
 ■J fceward ; drinks milk, swells, and pushes off skin which heroine 
 
 |[ 
 
:* 
 
 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 must wear — Heroine disguise (cat-skin) — Menial heroine 
 (kitchen-maid at palace)— Magic dresses, etc., from cat— Meet- 
 ing-place (church) — (Two-fold flight) — Lost shoe — Shoe 
 marriage test — Mutilated feet — Animal witness (bird) — 
 Happy marriage — Cat's head cut off and buried beneath pear 
 tree. Cat transformed to prince, who is brother to king. 
 
 40 Ibid. (From East Jutland.) 
 
 " Den hvide Hund", el " Put I Gryde" (The White Dog, 
 or Put-into-Pot). 
 ^ Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine— Dog- 
 
 iiid. Dog will do her work if heroine will promise him her two 
 sons — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — (i.) Heroine's 
 neck-kerchief stolen ; (2.) gold apple dropt ; (3.) Lost shoe — 
 Shoe-marriage test — Mutilated foot — Happy marriage — 
 Heroine bears two boys ; beggar appears to comfort her. He has 
 seen three boys coming from barrow, heard them say their father 
 will get two new-born babes, unless their mother says to him, 
 " Shame on you, you red ' Put-into-Pot'." Dog comes, heroine 
 speaks the words ; he flies into flints and potsherds. Beggar 
 remains with heroine. 
 
 41 Ibid. (From East Jutland.) 
 
 " Den Lille Handske" (The Little Glove). 
 Ill-treated Heroine (by ugly sister)— Dwarf Aid — Magic Dresses 
 — — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold Flight — Lost Glove — 
 Glove marriage test — Happy marriage. 
 
 42 Ibid. (From West Jutland.) 
 
 " Askepot" (Pot of Ashes). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Hearth abode — Helpful 
 animal (dog) sweeps for heroine ; sends her to lime-tree which 
 gives Magic dresses, etc. — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold 
 flight — Step-mother has (i) garden-wall, (2) peat-heap, (3) bake- 
 house demolished, because heroine pretends to have had look 
 out thence — Pitch trap —Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Muti- 
 lated feet — Animal witness (birds) — Happy marriage. 
 
A. CINDERELLA. i^ 
 
 II Ibid. (From West Jutland.) 43 
 
 i " Gulbskoen" (The Golden Shoe). 
 
 I Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sisters) — Hearth 
 abode — Tasks, to separate pease from boiling water ; performed 
 j without aid — Help at grave of Dead Mother — Magic dresses — ^^ 
 I Meeting-place (wedding) — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — 
 Mutilated feet (step-sisters') — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid. (From Zealand.) 44 
 
 L "Mette TRiEH^TTE" (Wooden-hood). 
 
 Heroine persuades widowed father to marry her school-mis- 
 tress — Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Help at grave — — 
 Two-eyed step-sister put to sleep by magic formula; two white 
 doves from the altar feed heroine. Three-eyed step-sister spies 
 on heroine ; third eye remains awake. Heroine shut up ; escapes 
 to grave ; mother gives her wooden dress, small box, and Helpful 
 animal (red calf) — Heroine flight on calf through silver, golden, 
 diamond forests ; a leaf from each is transformed to magic 
 dresses. They fight and overcome wild men and animals and 
 reach golden castle — Menial heroine (servant) — Water, boots, 
 towel thrown at heroine — Little black dog in box. Helpful 
 animal -Meeting place (church) — Token objects named — 
 Threefold flight — Pitch trap — Lost shoe - Shoe marriage test 
 — Happy marriage. 
 
 \\ 
 
 Ibid. (From Zealand.) 
 
 " Den LILLE RODE Kalv" (The Little Red Calf). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (tends 
 attle)— Helpful animal (red calf) Ear cornucopia (green leaf 
 behind ear produces food) — Heroine watched ; shut up ; escapes 
 — Heroine flight on red calf through [copper], silver, gold forests. 
 Calf fights and twice overcomes another calf because heroine is 
 silent ; third time calf is killed because heroine speaks. Heroine 
 lays green leaf on stone outside palace as instructed by calf — 
 Menial heroine (kitchen maid)— Magic dresses from stone— 
 
 c 2 
 
20 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Meeting-place — King throws water, towel, comb at heroine — 
 Token objects named — Lost shoe (it is stolen by king's order) 
 —Shoe marriage-test— Happy marriage. 
 
 46 jijid, (From Zealand.) 
 
 " Hasselbroder" (Hazel-brother). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sister) — Serving- 
 man offers gift from fair ; heroine asks for whatever knocks his 
 hat. He brings hazel-twig, which heroine calls her brother, and 
 loses in well, (i) Three lap-dogs from well, (2) four lap-dogs, 
 (3) five lap-dogs give Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — 
 [Threefold flight]— Barn and church- wall pulled down, because 
 heroine has spied thence — Lost shoe, and a flap of cloak — 
 Shoe marriage test — Mutilated foot — Animal witness (crow) — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 47 Ibid. (From N. Sleswick.) 
 
 "Mette Skindkjole" (Mette Skin-gown). 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Hearth abode — Help at 
 grave. Heroine to strike certain tree with white stick and get 
 all she wishes — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Three- 
 fold flight—Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test— Mutilated feet— 
 Animal witness (bird)— Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid. (From Zealand.) 
 ^jja ^ " Hanen og Honen der Gik til Things" (The Cock and 
 ]y Hen who went to the Judge). 
 
 Lady wishes to be present at trial, but cannot cross bridge ; 
 promises what is carried beneath girdle, and throws bunch of 
 keys into water. She bears son ; witch claims him ; fetches him 
 when grown up ; sets him tasks, which are performed with aid of 
 witch's daughter. They escape from witch together. Obstacles 
 to pursuit. Boy returns to parents ; witch's daughter puts grain 
 of oblivion in his mouth — Meeting-place (church) — Lost shoe — 
 Boy- wants to marry owner of shoe. She is servant in his parents 
 house — ^Shoe marriage test Happy marriage. 
 
or THE 
 A. CINDERELLA. 21 
 
 Hagen, von der, Erzdhlungen und Mdrchen. Prenzlau, 1825. 
 
 Vol. ii, pp. 339-43- 
 
 " The Three Sisters." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by mother and sisters) — Tasks (sorting) — 
 Task-performing animal (white dove) — Magic dresses from 
 willow-tree — Church (not as meeting-place) — Lost shoe — Shoe 
 marriage test — Mutilated feet — False brides — Animal witness 
 (dog) — Happy marriage — Garden-trees follow heroine to new 
 home. 
 
 Hahn, Griechische und Albanesische Mdrchen. Leipzic, 1864. 
 Story No. II. Vol. i, p. 70. 
 
 " Aschenputtel." 
 
 Spinning by mother and three daughters for wager. First who 
 drops spindle to be eaten by others — Elder sisters kill and eat 
 mother — Weeping heroine sits on dirty saddle under henroost — 
 Collects bones ; buries them near hearth — Ill-treated heroine (by 
 sisters) — Grave help — Bones transformed to coins and Magic 
 dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight — Heroine 
 scatters coins to detain pursuers — Lost Shoe — Shoe marriage 
 test — Happy marriage — Heroine, after birth of child, put into 
 chest by sisters and flung into river — Imbecile woman finds and 
 opens chest ; runs away from heroine — Magical castle obtained 
 by prayers, removable at will— Spoons and forks, etc., come, and 
 table spreads itself at command — Speaking furniture, etc. — 
 Hunting prince comes to castle. Spoon stolen by him leads to 
 explanations and recognition of heroine. Villain Nemesis. 
 
 Imbriani, La Novellaja Fiorentina^ republished with La I^ovellaja 51 
 Milanese, Livorno, 1877. No. XI, pp. 151-157. 
 
 " La Cenerentola." 
 
 (N.B. Heroine is not ill-treated ; she prefers Hearth abode and 
 refuses to go to ball with sisters) — Gifts chosen from father ; 
 heroine asks for bird Verdelio — Bird aid — Magic dresses — 
 Meeting-place (ball) — Heroine gives presents to sisters and 
 father— Three-fold flight — (i) Money, (2) sand, thrown at pur- 
 
22 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 suers. Third time heroine has nothing to throw and -is tracked 
 home — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Father at first refuses 
 to produce heroine, who is smutty — The jinghng of her gold 
 chains mistaken for noise of fire-irons — Happy marriage. 
 
 52 IvE, Dr. Antonio, Saggi di Dialetto Rovignesi. Trieste, 1888. 
 
 Pp. 54-58. 
 
 " El Pumo de Uoro e la Con^aqienara" (The Golden Apple 
 
 and the Cinder-girl). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by mother and elder sister) — Hearth 
 abode — Tasks, spinning — Task-performing animal (goat) — 
 Sister spies — Slaying of helpful animal — Heroine washes en- 
 trails of goat ; finds golden apple — Magic dresses (from apple- 
 tree) — Meeting-place (ball) — Threefold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe 
 [marriage] test — Mutilated foot— Happy marriage. 
 
 53 Jahrbtichfiir Romanische und Englische Literatur. Leipzig, 1870. 
 Vol. xi, pp. 354-57. " Cyprische Marchen," translated by 
 Liebrecht from 3rd vol. of KvTrpiaKd, by Athanasios Sakel- 
 larios (= Legrand, Contes pop, Grecs. Paris, 1881. Pp. 95- 
 100, " Cendrillon"). 
 
 *' Aschenbrodel." 
 
 Elder sisters, jealous of youngest, contrive mother's death. All 
 spin on roof of house : first to break thread to be killed and 
 eaten. Mother breaks thread three times : is eaten by sisters. 
 Heroine collects bones as bidden, and smokes them ' for forty 
 days— (Revivified bones) — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (wed- 
 ding) — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Happy marriage — After 
 wedding, heroine returns to fetch treasure (= transformed bones) 
 and gives share of it to sisters. 
 
 54 VuK Karajich, Serhia?i Folk-tales. Berlin, 1854. No. XXXII. 
 
 " ASCHENZUTTEL.*' 
 
 White-bearded old man warns cattle-tending maidens, who sit 
 spinning, against dropping spindle into pit. Heroine drops hers, 
 transforming mother into cow. Ill-treated heroine (by step- 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. 23 
 
 mother) — Task (spinning) — ^Transformed jnpther help — Spy on 
 heroine — Slaying of helpful animal — Eating taboo — Eevivified 
 bones — Help at grave — Menial heroine, called Aschenzuttel — 
 Task (grain-sorting) — Task-performing animals (white doves) 
 — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight- 
 Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Animal witness (cock) reveals 
 heroine under trough — Happy marriage. 
 
 Khudyakov, Velikorusskiya Skazki. Moscow, i860. Part I, 
 p. 51. No. XV. (Taken down at Kasan.) 
 
 " Zamarashka", (A Dirty Person). 
 
 Gifts from father — [Ill-treated heroine] — Hearth abode — 
 Fairy-godmother aid — Heroine dresses like sisters ; fairy wand 
 produces equipage — Meeting-place (b^-ll) — Twofold flight — 
 Pitch trap — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated feet — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 Kletke, Mdrchensaal. Berlin, 1845. Vol. i, pp. 149-63. 56 
 
 " Finette Aschenbrodel." 
 
 King and queen, poor, plan to desert three daughters — Youngest, 
 overhearing, gets clue of thread from Fairy god-mother, and leads — • 
 sisters home — Second time she gets sack of ashes and Magic 
 dresses (afterwards stolen by sisters). Third time sisters make 
 trail of grain, which birds eat. Tree grows from acorns planted by 
 heroine; she mounts it to spy; sees house to which they travel. 
 One-eyed cannibal giant and giantess put to death by heroine's 
 device — Ill-treated heroine (by elder sisters) — Menial heroine — 
 
 r Heroine finds gold key in ashes ; it opens chest containing Magic 
 dresses — Meeting-place (ball)— Flight (manifold)— Lost shoe — 
 Lovesick prince — Shoe marriage test — Magic steed takes 
 heroine to palace— Father's restoration task — Happy marriage 
 — Sisters marry princes. 
 
 R 
 
 ii 
 
24 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 57 O. KoLBERG, Lud. Kieleckie. Cracow, 1 885-1 886. Vol. ii, 
 
 pp. 239-241. 
 
 "The Mysterious Lady of the Fir-tree." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (tends 
 cattle) — Fir-tree-lady aid — Magic dresses — Meeting-place 
 (church) — Threefold flight— Heroine throws soap and threads to 
 make mist — Pitch trap — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — 
 Heroine hidden on stable-roof — Animal witness (cock) — [Story 
 branches off into another.] 
 
 58 O. Kolberg, Lud. Rado7nskie. Cracow, 1 887-1 888. Vol. ii, 
 pp. 172-175. (Taken down near to Opat6w, at Grocholice.) 
 
 y- " The Princess with the Pigskin Cloak." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by queen step-mother, because mirror says 
 she is the more beautiful) — Task (grain-sorting) — Task-perform- 
 ing pigeons— Magic dresses from treasure-oak — Meeting-place 
 (church)— [Twofold flight] — Step-mother orders death of heroine. 
 Servants delude queen with dog's heart, and finger of corpse with 
 heroine's ring on it — Pigeons give magic ball, which conducts 
 heroine to treasure-oak— Virgin aid— Menial heroine (swineherd) 
 —Heroine disguise (pigskins) — Meeting-place (church) — Prince 
 passing swine drops (i) ring, (2) stick ; heroine restores both, and 
 he strikes her— Fourfold flight — Pitch trap — Lost shoe — Shoe 
 marriage test — Token objects named — Happy marriage- 
 Villain Nemesis — Queen faints on learning from mirror that 
 there lives a woman more lovely than herself. 
 
 59 E. T. Kristensen, Danske Folkeceventyr. Viborg, 1888. 
 
 No. VIII, p. 57. 
 
 " Den LILLE GuLDSKo" (The Little Golden Shoe). 
 
 lU-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (herds 
 
 — cattle) — Helpful animal (red bull) — Ear cornucopia — Flight of 
 
 heroine on bull — Copper, silver, gold forests traversed. Spite of 
 
 warning, heroine breaks twig: bull fights (i) copper-bull; (2) 
 
 silver bull ; (3) is slain by gold bull. Heroine preserves bull's 
 
 , right ear, which will give all she wishes — Menial heroine (kitchen- 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. 25 
 
 maid)— Token objects : (i) water, (2) comb, (3) towel— Magic 
 dresses— Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight— Lost shoe 
 (golden) — Shoe marriage test— Mutilated feet — Animal witness 
 (bird) — Heroine in gold dress, and gold carriage, etc., demands 
 shoe— Happy marriage. 
 
 E. T. Kristensen, Eftersl(Bt HI Skattegraveren, 1890. P. 144, 
 No. 107. (From the Danish Island of Falster.) 
 
 " Guldskoen" (The Golden Shoe). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Good luck will befall 
 anyone passing night in church — Stepsister sent, well supplied 
 with food, which she refuses to share with hen and chickens ; is 
 terrified and chastised by apparition — Heroine sent with poor 
 fare, which she shares with hen and chickens ; apparition shows 
 her hidden treasure — Shoe marriage test — Shoe is kept in royal 
 family for the purpose— Mutilated feet— [Animal witness]. Bird 
 counsels step-sister to cut foot — Happy marriage — Hidden trea- 
 sure is heroine's dowry. 
 
 \^ 
 
 Kristensen, yi'i-/^^ Folkemtnder^ vol. v, p. 45. Story No. V. 61 
 " Den LILLE GuLDSKo" (The Little Gold Shoe). 
 
 Dying father distributes his property : eldest daughter gets 
 farm ; second, cash ; youngest daughter, a little dog and lime-tree 
 in garden — Ill-treated heroine (by mother and sisters)— Helpful 
 animal (dog) sweeps floor, cleanses tubs, stirs pot — Magic 
 dresses from lime tree; (i) mourning-dress, black coach and 
 horses, (2) white ditto, ditto, (3) yellow dress and equipage, gold 
 ring, diadem and shoes — Meeting-place (church) — Three-fold 
 flight — Pitch trap (suggested by swineherd whom prince strikes 
 
 r interference) — Lost shoe (and ring) — Shoe (and ring) mar- 
 riage tests — Mutilated feet ; tobacco leaf on wounds — False 
 brides — Animal witness (magpie) — Happy marriage — Lime-tree 
 and dog taken to palace. 
 
 1^ 
 
26 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 62 E. T. Kristensen, Jyske Folkeminder. ^ventyr fra Jylland. 
 Kobenhavn, 1881. No. VI, pp. 51-57. 
 
 " AsKENBASKEN, DER BLEV Dronning" (Askenbasken, who 
 became Queen). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Hearth abode— Heroine 
 called " Askenbasken " (louse of the ashes) — Gifts for daughters 
 from father : heroine chooses rose-tree and plants it on mother's 
 grave. White dove sits in tree — Tasks (grain-sorting) — Help at 
 — ' grave— Task-performing animals (white dove and other birds) — 
 Magic dresses— Meeting-place (ball) — Threefold flight — Heroine 
 wears galoshes over gold shoes— Lost shoe— Shoe marriage test 
 — Mutilated feet (step-sisters') — Animal witness (dove) — Happy 
 marriage — Villain Nemesis : dove pecks out step-sisters' eyes on 
 wedding day. 
 
 63 E. T. Kristensen's Unpublished Collection. (Narrated by Inger 
 Katrine Pedersdatter, on Hestbsek Mark, Jutland.) 
 
 " PiSK-I-ASKE." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Hearth abode— Strange 
 - man aid — Heroine promises to give her first, second, and third 
 children to strange man in exchange for Magic dresses — Meeting- 
 place (church) — ^Threefold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage 
 test — Mutilated feet of stocking — Animal witness (crow) — 
 , Happy marriage — Strange man would claim heroine's children ; 
 she repeats words taught her by beggar, who has overheard them ; 
 strange man flies into flints — ^Beggar rewarded. 
 
 64 Ibid. (Narrated by Mette Tailors, Sundby, Jutland.) 
 
 " Pisk-i-Aske" (Whip in the Ashes). 
 
 Dl-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Dead mother help at 
 grave — Tasks (to gather pease from ashes) — Task-performing 
 - doves — Magic dresses, from under flagstone in stable — Meeting- 
 place (church) — Twofold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage 
 test — Heroine wears rags over magic dress — Happy marriage. 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. 2'J 
 
 Ibid. (Narrated by Mr. Knudsen, Teacher, Heldum, Jutland.) 
 " Guldskoen" (The Golden Shoe). 
 
 Dying father divides inheritance between elder daughters ; 
 heroine gets only a white dog — Ill-treated heroine (by elder 
 sisters) — Helpful animal (dog) works for heroine; provides 
 Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight — 
 Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated feet — Animal wit- 
 ness (crows) — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid. (Narrated by Birthe Marie Nielsdatter, Jutland.) 
 " Fedte-Mette" (Greasy Matty). 
 Ill-treated heroine (by widowed step-mother) ; outcast — Old 
 woman aid — Heroine herds sheep for old woman ; sits darning 
 rags on hill ; prince passes and questions her ; she replies as 
 directed by old woman— Heroine receives three grains of linseed 
 as wages ; sent to castle — Menial heroine (scullion at castle) — 
 Magic dresses procured by throwing linseed grains over head — 
 Meeting-place (church) — ^ Twofold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe 
 marriage test — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid. (Narrated by Maria Vind, Hornum, Jutland.) 
 " Tahier-Tahaer." 
 
 English princess, an orphan, is confined by grandmother in 
 high tower, because of her extreme beauty. Foreign princes try 
 in vain to see her. Spanish prince lodges opposite tower ; pro- 
 vides himself wings, and visits heroine. Suspicious grandmother 
 sticks needles and awls in window-sill ; prince wounded, loses 
 nine drops of blood ; returns to Spain in dudgeon — Heroine 
 escapes ; journeys to Spain ; hears three animals outside king's 
 palace relating how palace may be entered, how magic wishing- 
 rod may be obtained, how sick king may be restored — Menial 
 heroine (scullion at palace) ; pretends to be half-witted ; puts 
 the nine drops of blood, three at a time, in eel-soup for sick king. 
 He is cured — Heroine carries ewer, towel, and comb to king — 
 
28 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Token objects named 
 — Threefold flight — Lost boot — Boot marriage test — Heroine 
 appears in English costume ; recognition — Happy marriage. 
 
 68 Landes, Contes et legendes annaf?iites. No. XXII. (See Cosquin. 
 
 op. ciL, ii, 359.) 
 
 Fishing competition to decide priority of heroine (Cam) and 
 step-sister (Tam). Cam's fish stolen by Tam. Genie befriends^ 
 heroine : bids her put remaining fish in well and feed it — (Slay- 
 ing of helpful animal) — Step-mother cooks fish -Helpful animal 
 (cock) asks heroine for three grains of rice ; gives her fishbones, 
 \^ which, placed at Genie's bidding at corners of bed, magically pro- 
 ^^ duce clothes and shoes. (Revivified bones) — Magic dresses — 
 Lost shoe, carried by crow to prince's palace — Shoe marriage 
 test — Task, grain-sorting — Task-performing animals (pigeons) 
 sent by Genie — Happy marriage— Villain Nemesis^Step-sister 
 plunges into boiling water, hoping to become beautiful as heroine 
 — Heroine salts flesh and gives it step-mother to eat. Animal 
 witness, crow on tree, reveals cannibalism. 
 
 Landes, Contes Tjames. Saigon, 1887. No. X, pp. 79-93. 
 
 " Kajong and Halcek." 
 
 Fishing competition to decide priority of Haloek or foster-sister 
 Kajong. Haloek steals heroine's fish. Heroine puts one fish in 
 well ; shares her rice with it daily — Heroine tends goats— (Slay- 
 ing of helpful animal). Haloek cooks and eats fish— Help in 
 dream: fish bids heroine bury its bones at cross-roads — (Revivified 
 bones) — They turn into gold shoes. Crow carries ofl" one (Lost 
 shoe) and drops it at palace ; King finds it. Heroine keeps 
 fellow shoe — Shoe marriage test — Ill-treated heroine (by foster- 
 mother and sister) — Task (to disentangle thread) — Task-per- 
 forming animals (ants) -Task (grain-sorting)— Task-performing 
 animals (birds, and various insects) — Heroine goes to palace ; 
 is timid, and hides ; is brought forth, and shoe fits her — Happy 
 Marriage — Foster-mother begs King to spare bride for a few 
 days ; takes her home ; ill-treats her — Haloek makes heroine 
 
A.— CINDERELLA. 29 
 
 climb palm to pick cocoa-nuts ; cuts palm down, throwing heroine 
 into lake. Heroine transformed into golden turtle — Mother takes 
 Haluek to marry King — King finds gold turtle ; pets it — Haloek 
 cooks and eats turtle, throwing away carapace, which turns into 
 bamboo shoot. King finds it and cares for it — Haloek eats 
 bamboo. The peel turns into bird, which comes at King's call — 
 Haloek eats bird. Feathers turn into nioekya tree — Old woman 
 picks up its one fruit and takes it home. Kajong comes out of 
 fruit and provides all kinds of food against old woman's return. 
 Old woman hides, and discovers Kajong, who bids her invite 
 King to feast. King thinks cakes like Kajong's— She appears 
 I)efore him — They return to palace — Haloek dismayed, feigns 
 joy — Villain Nemesis — She plunges into boiling water, hoping to 
 become beautiful as heroine. Her flesh is salted and sent to 
 mother, who eats nearly all before finding hand with Haloek's 
 ring. 
 
 Emile ],E(;rani), Recueil de Contes populaires Grecs. Paris, 
 1881. (From Cyprus; by Athanasios Sakellarios.) Pp. 95-100. 
 
 " Cendrillon." 
 
 (See No. 53.) 
 
 A. Leskien und K. Brugman, Litauische Volkslieder und Mar- 70 
 chen^ aus dem preussischen und dem russischen Litauen. 
 Strassburg, 1882. Pp. 447-450. No. XXV. (From Moravia; 
 Vrana's Collection.) 
 
 "Von dem Madchen das eine Hexe zur Stiefmuttp:r 
 
 HATTE." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (minds 
 cows) — Tasks (spinning)— Dead mother help at grave — Task- 
 performing animal (cow)— Spy on heroine. One-eyed step- 
 sister and two-eyed step-sister sent to sleep by hairdressing. 
 Three-eyed step-sister sees with third eye — Slaying of helpful 
 animal — Heroine washes paunch ; finds therein ring, barley-corn, 
 and oat, which she plants. Magic well and magic tree. Only 
 heroine can draw the wine and pick apples for prince, who will - 
 wed her. Heroine shut up ; witch dresses own daughter for 
 
^6 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 wedding. She cannot wear Shoes prince sends— Mutilated feet 
 — False bride — Animal witness (bird = transformed heroine) - 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 71 LuzEL, Contes populaires de Basse-Bretagne. Paris, 1887. 
 
 Vol. iii, pp. 134-166. 
 
 "Le Chat Noir." 
 
 Hi-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (tends 
 cow) — [Slaying of helpful animal]. Step-mother kills pet cow — 
 Gold shoes found in cow — Heroine shut up in turret — Prince 
 comes for heroine — Mutilated feet — False bride — Animal wit- 
 ness (pet dog) — False bride returned — Step-mother consults 
 witch ; gives black cat to heroine to eat, but she does not die — 
 Father and heroine resolve to cross sea ; step-mother pushes boat 
 off with heroine only— She lands at desert island; bears black 
 cat, which swims to port, and steals provisions for mother 
 from Mr. Rio. On second occasion cat is detected, attacks Mr. 
 Rio; in return for provisions warns him of plot to murder 
 him. Rio counterplots ; lover murders his rival instead. Rio 
 accused and led to scaffold. Black cat denounces murderess, 
 who is executed. Heroine to marry Mr. Rio ; cat steals dresses 
 for her ; fetches her in boat — Happy marriage — Visit to heroine's 
 kinsfolk — Black cat has combat with witch; vomits fire, and 
 consumes her. Treats step-mother similarly. Bids Mr. Rio cut 
 him open ; beautiful prince springs forth, a great magician. 
 
 72 Maspons y Labros, Lo Rotidallayre. Quentos populars Cata- 
 lans. Barcelona, 187 1. Part I, pp. 91-94. No. XX. 
 
 " La Ventafochs" (The Fire-blower). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sisters) — Hearth 
 
 \ abode — Tasks (to pick canary seed, shell beans, pick rice) — 
 
 Task-performing old woman — Magic dresses (in almond, filbert, 
 
 walnut) — Meeting-places (church, promenade, ball) — Threefold 
 
 flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test- Happy marriage. 
 
li 
 
 A. — CINDERELLA. ^i 
 
 Maurer, Islandische Volkssage?i. Leipzig, i860. Pp. 281-82. 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Lost shoe — Shoe mar- 
 riage test— Mutilated feet— Animal witness (birds)— Happy- 
 marriage. 
 
 (Note. — Story resembles Arnason's " Story of Mjadveig", but is 
 incomplete.) 
 
 I 
 
 Meier, Deutsche Volksmdrchen aus Schwaben. No. IV. 
 Pp. 16-20. 
 
 " Aschengrittel." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and younger step-sisters) 
 — Hearth abode— Menial heroine — Task, grain-sorting — Gifts 
 chosen by three daughters from father. Heroine chooses twig — 
 Help (at well) — Dwarf gives magic wand — Magic dresses — 
 Meeting-place (ballj^Threefold flight — Pitch-trap — Lost shoe 
 —Shoe marriage test — Mutilated feet — Happy marriage. 
 
 Meier, op. at. No. XLIII. Pp. 154-58. 
 
 " Eschenfidle." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by mother and sister) — Menial heroine — 
 Hearth abode — Help (at tree)— Dwarf teaches magic formula — 
 Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Flight (sixfold) — 
 Pitch-trap — Lost shoe — Sho(i marriage test — Mutilated foot, 
 (not sister's) — Happy marriage. 
 
 jMadame Csedomille Mijatovics, Serbian Folk-lore. London, 
 1874. Pp. 59-66. 
 
 " Papalluga ; or, The Golden Slipper." 
 
 (See Denton, No. 31.) 
 
32 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 76 Ml LA Y FoNTANALS, Observaciones sohre la poesia popular^ 
 p. 1 8 1. (Wolf, Proben portugiesicher und catalanischer Volks- 
 romancen, Wien, 1856, p. 43.) 
 
 "La Cenicienta." j 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother)— Tasks, (i) to shell sack 
 of millet and sack of beans, (2) to cleanse sack of rice — Saint 
 — aid — Magic dresses from almond, from nut — Meeting-place, (i) 
 mass, (2) ball — Flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test— Happy- 
 marriage. 
 
 77 Prof. Moltke Moe's Unpublished Collection. (From. Ostre 
 Moland, near Arendal.) 
 
 " Fjos-Lubba" (Stable-Slut). 
 
 Hi-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Stable abode— Old 
 ^ woman aid — Magic dresses from treasure-tree — Heroine bidden 
 to drink the milk of a certain black cow, to get good complexion. 
 Singing birds sit on her shoulders — Meeting-place (church) — 
 Threefold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated 
 foot — False bride — Animal witness (bird) — Happy marriage. 
 
 73 • Ibid. (From Bo, Thelemarken.) 
 
 " KiELLDOTTERA" (The Old Man's Daughter) 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (herds 
 cattle) — Heroine shares her scanty fare with birds; receives in 
 return Magic dresses ; hides them in hollow oak — Meeting-place 
 
 (church) — Threefold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test 
 
 Mutilated foot — ^ Animal witness (bird) — Happy marriage. 
 
 79 Ibid. (From the same district.) 
 
 " Manddottera." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Pig-sty abode — Hill 
 
 ' woman aid^ — Magic dresses — Heroine rides in magic baskets — 
 
 Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe 
 
[ 
 
 A. — CINDERELLA. 
 
 33 
 
 arriage test — Bride pushed into lake by step-sister — Mutilated 
 foot — False bride — Animal witness (bird) — [The tale passes 
 into that of " Bushy-Bride". Heroine appears three Thursday 
 nights at castle ; is saved third time by prince. — Happy ntiarriage.] 
 
 Ih'd. (From the same district.) 
 
 '* Aaskepot." 
 
 lU-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Hearth abode — Prince 
 invites parents and daughters ; heroine not allowed to go — Help- 
 ful animal (bird) — Magic dress — Meeting-place (palace)-^ost 
 shoe. Heroine purposely leaves it behind — [Shoe marriage test] 
 — Mutilated foot — Happy marriage. 
 
 IhW. (From Setesdalen.) 
 " Kaddedotteri" (The Man's Daughter). 
 
 Spinning competition between heroine and step-sister. They 
 sit over a well. Heroine finishes first, and sinks down into green 
 meadow. Heroine rewarded ; step-sister punished (toads from 
 mouth) — Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine 
 (cleans stable) — Task (to gather peas from ashes) — Task-per- 
 forming troll — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Prince 
 allowed to take heroine's shoe and knife — [Flight] — Lost shoe — 
 Shoe marriage test — Mutilated foot — False bride — Animal 
 witness (bird) — Happy marriage. 
 
 Idtd. (Fragment written down by Jorgen Moe.) 
 
 " LiTA KjERSTi" (Little Christina). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Help at grave — Magic 
 wand to touch horns of ox and get food [Cornucopia] — Heroine 
 speaks magic words, and enters hill ; finds food, three horses, and 
 Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight — Lost 
 glove, shoe, and ring — [Marriage tests — Happy marriage]. 
 
 t 
 
34 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 83 ^bid. (From Bo, in Thelemarken, South Norway.) 
 
 " Kari Trestakk" (i). 
 
 [This story resembles " Kari Trsestak" (see No. 30), except that 
 the troll in the copper wood has six horns, in the silver wood 
 eight, in the gold wood ten. Also there occurs the magic formula, 
 " Light before, dark behind, etc."] 
 
 84 ^f^id. (From the same place.) 
 
 " Kari Trestakk" (2). 
 
 Parents die, leaving baking-pan and cat. Boy takes former ; 
 heroine takes cat — Menial heroine (at palace) — Helpful animal 
 (cat) catches venison ; buys Magic dresses — Meeting-place 
 (church) — Threefold flight— Lost whip and handkerchief, and 
 Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Happy marriage. 
 
 85 Ibid. (From the same place.) 
 
 "Kari Trestakk" (3). 
 
 Heroine sets out into the world with Magic dresses— Helpful 
 -animal (ox) — Heroine cuts off its head, transforming it into 
 horse for her to ride — Heroine disguise (wooden dress) — Menial 
 heroine (at palace)— [Continuation like " Kari Traestak" (No. 30)]. 
 
 \ 
 
 86 Ibid. (From the same place.) 
 
 "Kari Trestakk" (4). 
 
 Menial heroine (at palace) — Wooden dress worn out of poverty 
 — Heroine carries water to king ; he throws it over her ; she is 
 -^ sent to rivulet for more ; catches ^sh, sets it free, receiving as 
 reward gold horse and saddle, and Magic dress— Meeting-place 
 (church) — Flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test— Mutilated 
 foot (not step-sister's) — False bride — Animal .witness (bird) — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. " 35 
 
 Ibid. (From Bo or Hitterdal, in Thelemarken.) 87 
 
 " Sjukdottera" (dialect = The Step-Daughter). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Tasks (grain-sorting 
 
 from ashes) — Task-performing birds — Help at grave of dead 
 
 mother — Angel gives Magic dress — Meeting-place (a place called 
 " Vald"). [Narrator remembered no more.] 
 
 Nemcova, Slovenske pohddky a povesti. Prague, 1857. 
 Pp. 511-522. No. XLVIII. 
 
 " O POPELUSCE." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Gifts from father ; 
 heroine gets branch of nut-tree and some nuts — Task (grain- 
 sorting) — Heroine drops nuts into well — Helpful animal 
 (frog) restores one containing Magic dress — Task-performing 
 pigeons — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight — Heroine 
 enveloped in mist — Hiding of dress under stone ; frog guards it 
 — Pitch trap — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated foot 
 (step-sister's) — Heroine hidden under trough — Animal witness 
 (cock) — Happy marriage — Pigeons, cock, and heroine's father 
 accompany her. 
 
 CoNSiGLiERi Pedroso, Portuguese Folk-taks. No. XVIII, 89 
 PP- 75-79- 
 "The Hearth Cat." 
 
 Widowed school-mistress seeks marriage with father of heroine. 
 Iron shoes must rust to pieces first. Heroine pours water in 
 them — Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sister) — 
 Hearth abode — Task (to wind skeins) — Loaf given to heroine 
 which she must bring home entire. Cow scoops out all crumb 
 with its horn, leaving crust whole — Task-performing animal 
 (cow)— Slaying of helpful animal — Golden ball from cow's 
 entrails falls into water. Heroine searching for it comes to 
 fairies' house, which she finds disordered and tidies. Dog re- 
 veals her. Fairies begift her. Pearls and gold fall from her 
 mouth. Magic wand will do her bidding — Step-sister, following 
 
 D 2 
 
91 
 
 36 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 false instruction of heroine, makes fairy-house untidy. Dog 
 reveals her. Fairies curse her. Filth falls from her mouth — 
 Meeting-place (races) — Magic dresses — Three-fold flight — Lost 
 shoe — Shoe marriage test — Happy marriage — Villain Nemesis. 
 
 90 CoNSiGLlERl Pedroso, Portuguese Folk-tales (F.-L. Soc). Tale 
 No. XXIV, pp. 97-100. 
 
 " The Maiden and the Fish." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by elder sisters) — Nicknamed " Hearth- 
 Cat" — Fish caught by father, preserved alive by heroine, requests 
 to be put in well ; persuades heroine to enter well and conducts 
 her to palace at bottom and gives her dress for festival — Meeting- 
 place (ball) — Flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Heroine 
 returns dress to well. Fish, who is enchanted prince, asks heroine 
 to marry him. When she consents he regains human form — Shoe 
 fits heroine, but she cannot marry king who found it. He is 
 father of enchanted prince and rejoices to hear of his re-trans- 
 formation and betrothal to heroine — Happy marriage — Villain 
 Nemesis. 
 
 Perrault. 
 " Cendrillon." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sisters) — Menial 
 — Hearth-abode— Fairy godmother — Transformation of pumpkin, 
 mice, rats, lizard, and heroine's rags — Magic dresses — Meeting- 
 place (ball) — Three-fold flight — Heroine must leave ball before 
 midnight, when fairy equipage is re-transformed — Lost shoe — 
 Shoe marriage test— Happy marriage. 
 
 Pio, N«o€\Xi;i/t/ca IlapafivOia, Contes populaires Grecs, pubh^s 
 d'aprbs les manuscrits du Dr. J. G. de Hahn, et annotes par 
 Jean Pio. Copenhague, 1879. No. II, pp. 6-9. 
 
 " ^afMipnKOVTfTovXox'." 
 
 (See No. 50.) 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. 37 
 
 PiTRE, Fiabe^ Novelle^ e Racconti popolari Siciliani^ vol. i. Story 92 
 No. XLI, p. 366. 
 
 "La Pecorella" (The Ewe). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine — Help- 
 ful animal (ewe) performs task — Spy on heroine — Slaying of 
 helpful animal — Eating taboo — Revivified bones : twelve damsels 
 befriend heroine — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (ball) — Two- 
 fold flight — Heroine shakes pearls from her hair to detain pur- 
 suers; (2) Throws shoe— Shoe marriage test — Happy marriage. 
 
 Revue Celtique^ t. iii (reprinted in Folk-Lore, Sept. 1890). 93 
 
 " Rashin Coatie." 
 
 Calf given by dying mother — Ill-treated heroine (by step- 
 mother and three step-sisters) ; clad in rashin-coatie — 
 
 Hearth abode — Helpful animal — Slaying of helpful animal 
 
 Revivified bones — Help at grave (of animal). Dinner cooked by 
 calf (= h. an.)— Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Three- 
 fold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated feet 
 (henwife's daughter's) — False bride — Animal witness (birds) — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 R 
 
 Rozprawy i sprawozdania, etc. (Dissertations et comptes-rendus 94 
 des seances de la faculte de philologie de FAcademie des 
 Sciences [de Cracovie], 14 vols., 1874-1892). Vol. ix, pp. 
 194-97. (From Wadowice, near Cracow.) 
 
 "The Story of an Orphan." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Task (to recover oat- 
 meal from dust-heap) — Heroine goes to well. Lovely lady comes 
 forth. Virgin aid — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — — 
 Threefold flight — Heroine enveloped in mist — Pitch trap — Lost 
 J « shoe — Prince gives ball for Shoe marriage test — House-to-house 
 P psearch — Heroine hidden under trough — Mutilated foot (step- 
 sister's) — Animal witness (cock) — Happy marriage. 
 
 ifc 
 
38 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 95 Eero Salmelainen, Tales and Fables of the Finns, Part I, 
 Helsingfors, 187 1. No. VIII, i, pp. 59-67. Also Shreck, 
 Finnische Mdr.^ p. 63. 
 
 "The Wonderful Birch." 
 
 Ogress changes heroine's mother into form of lost sheep, takes 
 her place, and kills sheep. Eating taboo. Revivified bones — 
 Transformed mother help — Birch-tree springs from bones. 
 ■^ Tasks (1 3c 2) Grain-sorting, (3) To recover spilt milk, per- 
 formed by sweeping stove cross-wise with branch of birch-tree — 
 Grave help — Magic dresses — Meeting place (feast) — Ogress' 
 daughter kicked when under table gnawing bones, has, (i) arm 
 broken, (2) leg broken, (3) eye put out — Threefold flight — Pitch- 
 trap catches (i) ring, (2) gold ear-ring, (3) gold shoes — Hearth 
 abode — Lost shoe — Shoe (ring and ear-ring) Marriage tests^ 
 Artificial limbs and eye for ogress' daughter — Mutilated feet 
 (finger and ear.) Heroine taken with false bride to castle. 
 Prince pushes ogress' daughter into river to form bridge ; crosses 
 it with heroine — Hemlock grows out of ogress' daughter and is 
 cut by ogress — Help at grave — Birch-tree now disappears — 
 Happy marriage — Heroine, after birth of son, transformed into 
 reindeer by ogress — Substituted bride — Reindeer suckles child — 
 Husk, cast by heroine, burnt by Prince — Heroine turns into 
 spinning-wheel, washing-bat, spindle, etc., then becomes human 
 again — Villain Nejnesis — Ogress' dying curse, origin of worms, 
 snakes, and noxious insects. 
 
 95 Eero Salmelainen, Tales and Fables of the Finns. Part I. 
 Helsingfors, 187 1. No. VII, ii, pp. 68-73. 
 
 "The Marvellous Oak." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by ogress-step-mother) — Grain-sorting 
 - tasks (three-fold) — Help at grave (dead mother bids heroine 
 strike stove cross-wise with switch, and tasks will be executed) 
 — Ram with shears on its horns asks to be shorn, offering wool 
 as reward. Old beggar- man asks to have his head searched, 
 offering staff as reward. Ogress going to castle meets, but will 
 not help these — Heroine fulfils requests obtaining rewards — Is 
 directed by beggar-man to strike cross-wise, with switch, oak con- 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. 39 
 
 taining treasures and horse — Magic dresses — Heroine rides to 
 castle ; not recognised at feast.—? Meeting-place (castle) — Ogress' 
 daughter kicked when under table gnawing bones, (i) loses an 
 eye; (2) has arm broken; (3) has leg broken — Three-fold flight. 
 Heroine drops (1) Ear-ring; (2) Ring; (3) Shoe (golden), to de- 
 tain pursuers— Hearth-abode — Marriage shoe- (and ring-) tests- 
 Artificial limbs and eye for ogress' daughter — Mutilated foot 
 (and finger)— Happy marriage. 
 
 Eero Salmelainen, Tales and Fables of the Finns. Part I. 97 
 Helsingfors, 187 1. No. VII, iii, pp. 73-77. 
 
 ^'The Three Sisters." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by elder sisters) — Pig asks to have trough 
 in front of it removed. Cow, with pail on horns, asks to be 
 milked, offering milk as reward. Old man asks to have his head 
 searched, offering staff as reward. Elder sisters refuse demands of 
 these ; enter service of King at castle. Heroine grants' requests 
 and receives rewards. Is told to strike rock near castle with 
 switch, to obtain everything desired — Menial heroine (swineherd 
 at castle) — G-rain-sorting task (performed by old man) — Magic 
 dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Three-fold flight — Pitch 
 trap — Lost shoe — Money scattered to detain pursuers. Skin 
 thrown over magic dress — Marriage shoe-test — Mutilated foot 
 — Magic dress seen through disguise — Happy Marriage — Villain 
 Nemesis. 
 
 ti 
 
 Samlaren VIII (1887). Pp. 178-179. (Fragment found in 98 
 Codex E. 8 Upsala, of a Swedish version by Olaus Laurentii 
 Calmariensis, 16 12. Contributed to the Magazine by H. 
 Schiick.) 
 
 "Cinderella." 
 
 Heroine urged by father to marry servant — Helpful animal _ 
 (buU) — Heroine flight on bull through forests. Heroine plucks 
 oak-leaf, and is clad in brass ; bull overcomes wolf ; she plucks 
 hazel-leaf, and is clad in silver ; bull slays two wolves ; she 
 plucks lime-leaf; bull is slain by three wolves — Heroine disguise 
 (hide of helpful animal) — Magic dresses (kept in bull's horn) — 
 Menial heroine (scullion at palace) — [Meeting-place (church).] 
 
40 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 Emmy Schreck, Finnische Mdrchen, iibersetzt von. Weimar, 
 
 1877. P- 63. Story No. IX. 
 
 *' Die Wunderbare Birke." 
 
 (See No. 95.) 
 
 99 ^'^m\A.oi, Contespop.de la Haute-Bretagne. Paris, 1880. No. Ill, 
 
 pp. 15-22. 
 " Le Taureau Bleu." 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother)— Menial heroine (cow- 
 
 herd)— Helpful animal (bull)— Ear-cornucopia— Spy on heroine 
 
 —Slaying of helpful animal (proposed)— Heroine's flight with 
 helpful animal — They pass through (1) copper, (2) silver, (3) gold 
 forests. Heroine cautioned not to touch copper leaf for fear of 
 bears; she accidentally knocks off silver leaf, and scorpions swarm 
 and sting bull. Ointment from ear-cornucopia cures him. Simi- 
 larly, fall of gold leaf brings lions : bull is mortally wounded. 
 Heroine directed to bury bull — Revivified bones. ^Menial heroine 
 (turkey-girl) — Help at grave — Magic dresses — Rabbit minds 
 kitchen for heroine (helpful animal) — Meeting-place (church) — 
 Three-fold flight — Lost shoe — Love-sick prince — Shoe marriage 
 test — Mutilated foot— False bride — Animal witness — Happy 
 marriage. 
 
 100 Skattegraveren xi, p. 213. No. 580. (Jutland.) 
 
 " Den LILLE Sko" (The Little Shoe). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sisters) — Helpful 
 animal (eel) — Magic dresses — Meeting place (church) — Three- 
 fold flight — Lost shoe — Eel comforts heroine ; foretells future 
 happiness ; she must every year throw four bushels of salt into eel- 
 pond— Shoe marriage test— Mutilated feet — Animal witness 
 (caged parrot) — Gentleman promises to return in a year for 
 heroine as bride — Happy marriage — Heroine forgets salt for eel 
 • — Step-mother cuts off little finger from each of heroine's three 
 children whom she throws into pond — Heroine weeps at pond. 
 Eel appears, forgives her, and on receiving twelve bushels of salt, 
 restores her three children with little fingers missing — Villain 
 Nemesis. Step-mother put into spiked cask and killed. 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. 4 1 
 
 Societe de Litterature Finnoise. . MS. Collections. By Kaarle 101 
 Krohn. No. 6014. (From Suojarvi, in Carelia. Narrated in 
 1884 by a middle-aged woman.) 
 
 Heroine and mother wash clothes by the shore ; ogress per- 
 suades mother to throw her a long-sleeved shirt ; on this she and 
 her daughter ride across from tongue of land — Ogress transforms 
 mother into sheep, takes her place, and kills sheep— Trans- -^ 
 formed mother help — Three birch trees grow from three drops of 
 sheep's blood caught by heroine — Dl-treated heroine (by ogress- 
 stepmother) — Tasks, to mend oven and sort grain ; performed 
 by cross-wise striking with three-year-old, six-year-old, nine-year- 
 old twigs — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (Czar's banquet) — 
 Czar's son cares for heroine's horse — Heroine throws bone at 
 ogress's daughter, breaking (i) her foot, (2) her hand, (3) putting 
 out her eye — She afterwards boasts of attentions received from 
 Czar's son— [Threefold flight]— Pitch traps— Lost (i) hat, (2) 
 glove, (3) shoe — Hat, glove, and shoe marriage tests — Heroine 
 sent away to tend cattle— Mutilated head, fingers, foot — Czar's 
 son and ogress's daughter set out in boat to wedding — Witness. 
 Heroine as shepherdess denounces false bride, whom Czar's son 
 throws into brook — Happy marriage — Ogress visits heroine after 
 birth of son; rescues own daughter from brook^ — Substituted 
 bride — Heroine transformed into reindeer; persuades shepherd 
 to bring her child to forest ; suckles it — Shepherd tells Czar's son, 
 who seeks counsel of old widow — Husk cast by heroine burnt 
 by Czar's son — Heroine cannot follow reindeer without it ; goes 
 home with husband — Villain Nemesis. Ogress and false wife 
 cast into flaming pit. 
 
 •I 
 
 Ibid. MS. Collections. By Kaarle Krohn. No. 6371. (From 102 
 Himola, in Olonetz. Narrated in 1884 by a woman aged fifty.) 
 
 Ogress inquires of heroine whither her mother has gone, and 
 thrice receives misleading reply : then seeks in contrary direction, 
 finds mother, transforms her into sheep, takes her place, and kills 
 sheep. Eating taboo. Revivified bones^ Transformed mother 
 help (bones turned into ox). Slaying of ox — Birch-tree springs 
 from bones — Ill-treated heroine (by ogress-step-mother) — Tasks, 
 
 Ik 
 
42 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 to mend oven, sort grain, separate barley from ashes ; performed by 
 cross-wise striking with twig from birch-tree — Ogress and daughters 
 on way to Czar's banquet, refuse to shear sheep, milk cow, wash 
 old man. Heroine does all ; old man gives her magic stick to 
 open treasure-stone — Magic dresses— Meeting-place (banquet) — 
 Czar's son cares for heroine's horse — Heroine throws bone at 
 ogress, breaking (i) her leg, (2) her hand, (3) putting out her eye. 
 Ogress presently boasts of attentions received — [Threefold flight] 
 — Pitch traps — Lost hat, ring, shoe — Hat, ring, and shoe mar- 
 riage tests — Mutilated heads, fingers, feet (ogress's daughters') 
 Czar's son sets out with heroine — Substituted bride — Heroine 
 hidden in thicket — Witness. Shepherd thrice denounces false 
 bride — Villain Nemesis. False bride cast into pit of burning 
 tar — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid. MS. Collections. By J. V. Murman. No. VI. (From 
 
 Sodankyla, in Ostrobothnia, 1854.) 
 
 "The Beggar's Daughter Housed Free." 
 
 Three sisters have washed hands for three years to go to king, 
 who seeks bride. They refuse to (i) shear sheep, (2) milk cow, 
 (3) help old man. Beggar's daughter complies with wish of each. 
 Old man gives her magic stick to open treasure-rock — Menial 
 heroine (poultry-maid at palace) — Tasks, to sort peas from ashes 
 — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church)^ Threefold flight — 
 Gold pieces thrown to detain king — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage 
 test — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid. MS. Collections. By A. Reinholm. No. II, 39. 
 (From Antrea, in Carelia, 1848.) 
 
 " The Two Young Ladies and Cinderella." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by elder sisters) — Going to church, sisters 
 refuse (i) to milk cow, (2) to take bread from oven, (3) to shear 
 sheep, because for five weeks they have washed hands with soap 
 and new milk. Heroine milks cow and gets milk, takes bread 
 from oven and keeps it, shears sheep and gets wool — Magic 
 dresses — Lost shoe (found by general's son) — Shoe marriage 
 test — Happy marriage. 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. 43 
 
 Ibid, MS. Collections. By P. A. Paldani. No. I, 46. 
 (From West Finland, 1852.) 
 
 " The Servants' Places." 
 
 Three girls are to enter king's service. Two who have washed 
 hands for three weeks meet (i) old man, whom they refuse to 
 comb, (2) sheep, and will not shear it, (3) cow, and will not milk 
 it. Heroine combs old man's hair, shears sheep, milks cow, 
 throws milk over cow's feet, and puts pail on horns — Menial 
 heroine (scullion at palace) — Tasks, to make dinner from half a 
 pea and grain of barley, which king throws in ashes — Task-per- 
 forming old man — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — 
 Threefold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated 
 feet — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid. MS. Collections. By J, Mustakallio. No. XCIX. 
 (From Sotkamo, in Ostrobothnia.) 
 
 "Cinderella." 
 
 Two girls have washed their hands for three years to enter 
 king's service. They refuse (i) to take bread from oven, (2) milk 
 cow, (3) shear sheep, (4) help old man. Heroine does all these 
 things, and gets from old man magic stick, which opens treasure- 
 rock — Menial heroine (kitchenmaid at palace)— Tasks, to sort 
 grain from ashes — Task-performing old man — Magic dresses — 
 Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight — Pitch trap — Lost 
 shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated feet — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid, MS. Collections. By E. N. Setala. No. R. 10. 
 (From Ruovesi, in West Finland.) 
 
 "Finette, The Swineherd." 
 
 Three sisters are servants at palace — Menial heroine (swine- 
 herd) — Task, to prepare dinner from two peas and two grains of 
 barley and rye — Task-performing old man — Heroine searches 
 head of second old man, who gives her stick to open treasure- 
 rock — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight 
 — Pitch trap— Lost shoe^Shoe marriage test — Mutilated feet 
 — Happy marriage. ""^ 
 
44 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Ibid. MS. Collections. By Kaarle Krohn. No. O. 364. 
 (From Hyrynsalmi, in Ostrobothnia. 1882.) 
 
 "The Swineherd." 
 
 Two sisters have washed hands and eyes for three years to go 
 to king's son, who seeks bride. They refuse (i) to turn loaves in 
 oven, (2) shear ram, (3) milk cow, (4) help old man — Menial 
 heroine (swineherd) — Heroine follows sisters to court; turns 
 loaves and gets loaf ; shears ram and gets wool ; milks cow and 
 gets milk ; helps old man, and gets stick to open treasure-rock — 
 Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight — 
 Gold pieces thrown to detain king's son — Lost shoe — Shoe 
 marriage test — Mutilated feet— King's son tears off heroine's 
 gown covering magic dresses — Happy marriage — Villain Neme- 
 sis — Sisters hang themselves. 
 
 Ibid, MS. Collections. By Fr. Rapola. No. 43. (From 
 Saaksmaki, in Tavastlandia.) 
 " Sikeri-Sokeri^ Cowskin." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (cow- 
 herd) — Helpful animal (cow) — Ear cornucopia — Spy on heroine 
 — Slaying of helpful animal (proposed) — Flight on cow — 
 Heroine directed to slay cow— Heroine disguise (cowskin)— 
 Menial heroine (swineherd at palace) — Token objects: (i) comb, 
 (2) soap, (3) towel ; afterwards named — Help at grave (of cow) 
 -5-Magic dresses — Meeting-place (weddings) — Threefold flight 
 — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Heroine's disguise falls off 
 revealing gold dress— Happy marriage. 
 
 110 P. M. Soegaard, I Fjeldbygderne, Pp. 17-22. 
 
 " Kraake Lange." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by sorceress step-mother) — Menial 
 heroine (tends cattle) — Helpful animal (ox) — Ear cornucopia — 
 
 Step-sister with two magic eyes in neck, sent to spy on heroine — 
 
 Pitfall made for helpful animal; cows fall into it — Slaying of 
 
 ^ Sokeri = sugar; Sikeri = variation of Sokeri. 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. 45 
 
 helpful animal — Heroine buries bones ; gets anything she wishes 
 at the spot — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold 
 flight — Young man follows heroine ; she drops whip and vanishes ; 
 second time she drops shoe, which he keeps — Lost shoe — Shoe 
 marriage test — Young man sinks down into hill where sorceress, 
 Kraake Lange, lives. He is heroine's brother ; tells king of her 
 beauty; fetches her to palace. [The tale passes into that of 
 " Bushy-Bride", see Dasent.] — Happy marriage. 
 
 Stier, Ungarische Sagen und Mdrchen. Berlin, 1850. No.V, pp. 
 34-45. (Also Magyar Folk-tales^ Jones and Kropf, F.-L. Soc, 
 1889, pp. 144-149-) 
 
 " Die Drei Konigstochter." 
 
 Step-mother plans to abandon king's three daughters in forest. 
 Youngest daughter, overhearing, rides on magic steed to witch, who 
 gives her ball of thread but forbids her to rescue sisters. Heroine 
 disobeys and leads sisters home by means of clue; again seeks aid 
 of witch, who gives her sack of as hes, and once more disobeys and 
 leads sisters home. Third time heroine makes trail with peas 
 which birds eat, and girls cannot retrace steps. They plant 
 acorn which grows in the night to tall tree ; heroine mounts it to 
 spy. On third day tree is high enough for her to descry from its 
 top lighted window in distance. They reach palace after three 
 days' wandering ; are greeted by giantess who threatens to eat 
 them, but heroine bribes her to spare them. Giant returns ; 
 wants to eat them ; spares them that they may cook him food. 
 Heroine entraps him into oven and kills him ; pretends to comb 
 giantess's hair ; kills her with hammer — Ill-treated heroine (by 
 sisters) — Menial heroine — Heroine finds gold key in chimney : it 
 opens cupboard containing Magic dresses — Meeting - place 
 (dance) — Three-fold flight — Lost shoe — Love-sick prince — Shoe 
 marriage test — Mutilated feet — Happy marriage, after restora- 
 tion of heroine's father to lost kingdom. 
 
 li 
 
46 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 Thorpe, Yule-tide Stories, ^^. 11 2-1 26. (From the Swedish.) 
 " The Little Gold Shoe." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sister) — Menial 
 heroine, nick-named Cinder-girl — Task, grain-sorting — Tear 
 dropt in spring by heroine causes Helpful animal (pike) to appear 
 and tell her of magic tree — Magic dresses — Meeting-place 
 (church) — Three-fold flight — Pitch trap^Lost shoe — Rags 
 thrown on to cover magic dress — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated 
 foot — Animal witness (bird) — Heroine hidden in oven — Hero 
 snatches off husk — Happy Marriage — Villain Nemesis. 
 
 Ibid., pp. 126-133. (Variants of the foregoing.) 
 
 (From Ostergotland.) 
 
 ni-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Heroine given black 
 bread and milk in cat's saucer — Task, to pick up peas — Task- 
 performing animal (white ermine)— Magic dresses and equip- 
 age from magic oak — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight 
 — [Pitch trap] — Lost shoe— Shoe marriage test — Mutilated 
 foot^Animal witness (bird) — Happy marriage — Heroine re- 
 quested to stab ermine; prince springs from its blood, and 
 vanishes. 
 
 Ibid. (From Gottland.) 
 
 "Krak-Pels." 
 
 ni-treated heroine (hy step-mother and step-sister) — Heroine 
 must wear cloak of crow's feathers to hide her beauty — Mannikin 
 aid — Magic dresses procured by blowing pipe in forest — Meeting- 
 place (church)— Threefold flight — [Pitch-trap] — Lost shoe-^ 
 Shoe marriage test — Heroine hides in oven — Animal witness 
 (hird) — Happy marriage — Heroine shows kindness to step- 
 mother. 
 
A. CINDERELLA. 47 
 
 Ibid. (From South Smaland.) 
 
 *' ASKE-PjESKE." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Task, to prepare peas 
 — Task-performing animal (bird)— Magic dress, dropped by 
 eagle— Meeting-place (chm-ch) — Prince throws (i) white silk 
 glove, (2) second glove, (3) gold apple into heroine's lap — Three- 
 fold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated foot — 
 Animal witness (bird) — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid. (From South Smaland.) 
 
 As above — Heroine hidden in bath-room — False bride - 
 Animal witness (bird) — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid. (From South Smaland.) 
 
 "Froken Skinn-pels ror I Askan" (Miss Skin-cloak rakes 
 in the Ashes). 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (tends 
 cattle) — Helpful animal (white bear) — Magic gold pipe for 
 heroine summons bear at will — Snares set to entrap bear — 
 Heroine flight on helpful animal through silver, gold, diamond 
 forests — Heroine disobeys and plucks leaf in each, causing pur- 
 suit by wild beasts — Bear bids heroine slay him ; throw carcase 
 into fountain — Heroine disguise (bear-skin) — Menial heroine 
 (kitchenmaid at palace) — Golden pipe brings Pysslings to prepare 
 dinner and give Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Lost 
 shoe — Shoe marriage test — Happy marriage. 
 
 f 
 
 Ibid. (From Upland.) 
 
 " KrAknabba Pelsen" (Crow's-nib Cloak). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (tends 
 cattle) — Helpful animal (black ox) — Ear cornucopia — Heroine 
 sent to fetch step-mother's axe, finds three doves on it. They 
 begift her. Gold ring falls from her mouth when she speaks ; 
 
48 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 she grows fairer and fairer ; will marry a king — Step-daughter 
 sent for axe, curses doves. They punish her. Frog springs from 
 her mouth ; she grows fouler and fouler ; nose grows longer and 
 longer, like crow's nib. She makes cloak to cover it, which 
 heroine steals — Heroine flight on helpful animal. Obstacles to 
 troll- wife's pursuit ; forest, lake, mountain — Menial heroine (stair- 
 sweeper at palace) — Magic dresses from ox — Meeting-place 
 (church)— Threefold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — 
 Animal witness (bird)— Happy Marriage — Heroine requested to 
 cut black ox in three, releasing enchanted prince. 
 
 ■t-iQ Ibid. (From Upland.) 
 
 " KrAkskinns-Maja." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sisters) — Girls 
 bidden to palace for king's son to choose bride. Sleeping 
 draught given to heroine. She sets out on waking. Step-sisters 
 meet (i) apple, (2) pear, (3) plum complaining of cold, and bid 
 driver lash them with whip. Heroine afterwards meets the same ; 
 puts each in her bosom — Heroine disguise (crow-skin cloak) — 
 Menial heroine (kitchenmaid at palace) — Magic dresses from 
 apple, pear, plum — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight — 
 Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — All girls sit behind curtain and 
 put out one foot — Happy marriage. 
 
 120 Turiault, Etude sur le langage Creole de la Martinique, 
 
 p. 219. 
 
 " Cendrillon." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sisters) — Menial 
 heroine — Hearth abode — Fairy aid — Magic dress — Carriage, etc., 
 provided by means of transformations — Meeting-place (ball) — 
 Flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Happy marriage. 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. 49 
 
 J. TvEDT, Hornbdk Hjenwiet og Skolen, Ugeblad for Born og 121 
 Ungdom, 1873. No. XXXII, p. 273. (Said to have been com- 
 municated by narrator's grandfather; apparently retold from 
 Asbjornsen's tale in Nor, No. I. — Moltke Moe.) 
 
 Parents too poor to provide skirt for daughter, hollow out oak 
 tree for petticoat ; die, leaving cat and dog for son and daughter. 
 Heroine takes the cat. [Story proceeds like No. 11.] 
 
 YiSY.^Tim, Fiabe Mantovane. Torino, Roma, 1879. No. XLV, 122 
 
 pp. 202-205. * 
 
 " La Cenerentola." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by sisters) — Menial heroine cooks fish for 
 sisters' supper, who then go to ball. Little tench, for heroine's 
 supper, jumps into sink and becomes transformed into lovely 
 lady — Fairy aid — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (ball) — Three- 
 fold flight — Money and (third time) shoe thrown to pursuers — 
 Shoe marriage test — Happy marriage. 
 
 Volkskunde, ii, 203. 
 
 *'Van den Koning en van Jenne zijn zoet Liefken" 123 
 (The Story of the King and of Jenny his true Love). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by mother and elder sisters)— Menial 
 heroine, called " Sloddeken-vuil" (little dirty-slut)— Always fine 
 weather when heroine goes to mind sheep; always wet when 
 elder sister goes. Heroine gives bread to old man, who in re- 
 turn draws a sheep, and bids her knock at it when she wants 
 food. Next day he draws a tree which, when tapped, will give 
 Magic dresses, and a carriage and eight — Task (to polish a heap 
 of old iron) ; performed by angels — Meeting-place (ball) — Task 
 (grain collecting) ; performed by angels — Meeting-place (ball) — 
 King takes one of heroine's shoes (Lost shoe) — ^Shoe marriage 
 test — Mutilated feet (two sisters') — Animal witness (bird) — 
 Villain Nemesis — Happy marriage. 
 
S^ CINDERELLA VaRIAI^T^. 
 
 124 ViD VuLETic-VuKASOvic (Unpublished Story from Spalatro, 
 Dalmatia, contributed by). 
 
 " La Cuzza tzenere." 
 Mother and three daughters are spinning; whosoever drops 
 spindle thrice, to be killed and eaten by others — Slaying of 
 mother — Bones collected by heroine and buried under hearth — 
 Ill-treated heroine (by elder sisters) — Hearth abode — Tasks, 
 grain-sorting — Magic aid from bones^Task-performing (i) 
 birds, (2) chickens, (3) mice — Magic dresses — Meeting-place 
 (ball) — Threefold flight— Pursuers detained with scattered gold 
 — Pitch-trap — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Happy mar- 
 riage. 
 
 126 Waldau, Bohtnisches Mdrchenbuch. Prag, i860. Pp. 638-655. 
 
 "The Three Sisters." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by mother and elder sisters) — Gifts 
 from father \ heroine asks for whatever hits his hat on way home ; 
 gets three nuts, which she lets fall into well. Frog restores them; 
 tells her they contain Magic dresses— Meeting-place (church) — 
 Pear-tree cut down because heroine pretends to have spied 
 thence — Three-fold flight— Trap— Prince has road strewn with 
 fir-trunks — Lost shoe — Beggar tells where heroine lives — Shoe 
 marriage test — Mutilated feet — False brides— Animal witness 
 (dog) — Happy marriage — Father fetches nuts from same tree for 
 elder daughters, who are strangled by snakes which nuts contain. 
 Earth swallows corpses. Villain Nemesis. 
 
 J. Storm Wang, Ti Norske Eventyr. Throndhjem, 1868. 
 
 " Guldhanska" (Golden Glove). 
 
 [A second-hand translation of " Finette Cendron".] 
 
 (See No. 56.) 
 
 F. Wolf, Froben Portugiesicher und Catalanischer Volksromancen, 
 Wien, 1856. P. 43. 
 
 " ASCHENPUTTEL." 
 
 (See Mila y Fontanals, No. 76.) _ 
 
A. — ciNbER^LLA. 5 1 
 
 K. W. WoYCiCKi, Polish Fairy Tales. Warsaw, 1850. Vol. ii, 
 
 p. 52. 
 
 "The Oak-tree and the Sheepskin." 
 
 Ill-treaterl heroine (by father) — Heroine flight — Heroine 
 disguise (sheepskin) — Meuial heroine — Task (grain-sorting) set 
 by royal mistress — Task-performing animal (doves) — Heroine 
 meets prince in forest, gives him his dropped whip and he strikes 
 her with it. She then goes to oak-tree and gets Magic dresses, 
 carriage and servants — Meeting-place (church) — Token objects 
 (heroine tells prince's servant she comes from " Pick-up-Whip", 
 and, on second occasion from " Gold-ring", having in the mean- 
 time restored lost ring to prince in forest and been repulsed by 
 him) — Pitch-trap — Lost shoe — Search for owner — Animal wit- 
 ness (white doves remind prince who picked up whip and gold 
 ring) — Happy marriage. 
 
 Wratislaw, Sixty Folk-tales (Southern Slavonians : Bulgarian 
 Stories). London, 1880. Story No. XXXVII, pp. 181-86. 
 
 " Cinderella." 
 
 White-bearded old man warns girls, who are spinning and telling 
 tales, against dropping spindle into chasm. Heroine drops hers, 
 transforming mother into cow— Ill-treated heroine (by step- 
 mother) — Task, spinning — Transformed mother help — Spy 
 on heroine — Slaying of helpful animal — Eating taboo — Revi- 
 vified bones — Help at grave — Menial heroine — Hearth-abode — 
 Task, grain-sorting — Task-performing animal (birds) — Magic 
 dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Three-fold flight — Lost 
 shoe — Shoe marriage test — Animal witness (cock), reveals 
 heroine under trough — Happy marriage — Villain Nemesis 
 
 Zingerle, ( Tirols) Kinder- und Hausmdrchen. I nnsbriick, 1852. 128 
 Story No. XXIII, pp. 130-39. 
 
 " The Three Sisters." 
 Ill-treated herome (by elder sisters)— Menial heroine— Angel 
 _aid— Magic dresses— Meeting-place (ball)— Three-fold flight— 
 
 E 2 
 
 W 
 
 \ 
 
52 Cinderella variants. 
 
 Pursuers detained third time with gold and gold shoe — Shoe 
 marriage test— Mutilated feet— False brides— Animal witness 
 (bird) — Happy marriage. 
 
 129. Zbibr wiadomosci do antropologji Krajowej (Collection de 
 materiaux pour I'anthropologie nationale), 15 vols. Cracow, 
 1877-92. Vol. xii, pp. 45-48. (From Nowogrodek, Govern- 
 ment of Minsk.) 
 
 "The Orphan and the Fairy." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine, outcast by cousins — Heroine disguise 
 (pigskin cloak) — Heroine takes service with fairy, who discharges 
 her for curiosity, but begifts her — Menial heroine (scullion at 
 palace) — Heroine takes (i) boots, (2) water to king's son; he 
 strikes her — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold 
 flight — Pitch trap — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Happy 
 marriage. 
 
 130 /^z^., vol. V, pp. 230-32. No. XXXV. " Conte des montagnards 
 polonais des Beskides (Gallicie)." (From Skawa in Myslenice 
 near Cracow.) 
 
 Mother turns three daughters out into forest. Two elder go to 
 castle — Menial heroine serves Ogress ; murders her ; lives with 
 sisters as cook— Magic dresses from magic steed — Meeting- 
 place (ball) — Flight — Wax trap — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage 
 test — Mutilated feet (elder sisters') — Happy marriage — Villain 
 Nemesis — Sisters kill themselves out of vexation. 
 
B.—CATSKIN. 
 
 Archiv flir Slavische Philologie, Berlin, 1877. Vol. ii, 131 
 
 pp. 622-3. 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's resemblance (star on 
 brow) marriage test— Unnatural father— Grandmother aid — 
 Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — Heroine disguise (mouse-skin ,. 
 dress) — Father deluded by ducks' splashing — Heroine flight — 
 Hunting prince finds heroine; takes her to palace — Menial 
 heroine (goose-herd) — Meeting-place (fete) — Token objects 
 named — [Thieefold flight]— Lovesick prince — Recognition food, 
 contains ring given at ball— Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid, Variant from Mikulicic. Pp. 23-28. 132 
 
 " POPELJUHA ZaVALJUHA." 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's ring marriage test— 
 Unnatural father — Sun aid — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — 
 Father deluded with ducks' splashing — Heroine disguise (as 
 beggar) — Heroine flight — Menial heroine (cinder-girl at palace) 
 —Meeting-place (ball) — Token objects named — [Threefold 
 flight] — Lovesick prince — Recognition food, contains half of 
 ring given at ball — Happy marriage. 
 
 I — 
 
 H Ibid. Variant from Valjavec. No. XII. Pp. 44-47. 133 
 
 Unnatural father — Help at mother's grave — Counter-tasks — 
 Magic dresses — Devil aids father — Heroine disguise (wooden 
 figure) — Heroine flight — Heroine dwells three years with Vilas 
 in the forest; leaves them, and meets three princes — Menial ^ 
 heroine (cinder-girl at court of eldest prince) — [Meeting-place — ^— K 
 Lovesick prince] — Recognition food, contains ring — Happy mar- 
 riage. 
 
54 ' CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 134 Archivio per lo Studio delle Tradizioni popolari, vol. i, 
 
 pp. 190-195. Palermo, 1882. 
 
 " La Ciabattina d'oro" (The Little Gold Shoe). 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's shoe marriage test — TJn- 
 natm-al father— Old woman aid— C omit er-t asks— Magic dresses 
 — Heroine's hiding-box (an invisible chest which travels at com- 
 mand)— Heroine disguise (pig-skin)— Heroine flight— Heroine 
 taken to king's palace to mind poultry— Menial heroine— Prince 
 threatens heroine with (i) bridle, (2) boots, (3) shovel— Meeting- 
 place (ball) — Token objects named — Three-fold flight — Heroine 
 quest by prince, who takes with him cakes made by queen, also 
 heroine's cake containing ring given at ball — Recognition food — 
 Return of prince — Heroine discovered (through key-hole) — Happy- 
 marriage. 
 
 135 Variants of the above.i //^/^., pp. 196-200. 
 I. " Maria Di LEGNO." (From Pratovecchio.) 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's jewels marriage test — 
 Unnatural father — Governess aid — Counter-tasks — Magic 
 dresses — Heroine demands white horse : wears its skin. Heroine 
 disguise — Heroine flight — Hunting prince takes heroine to palace; 
 calls her Ugly Beast. Strikes her with shovel, tongs, and saddle — 
 Meeting-place (feast) — Token objects named— Love-sick prince 
 — Recognition food — Heroine discovered (prince looks through 
 key-hole) — Happy marriage. 
 
 136 II. " La Margofa Di LEGNO." (From Garfagnana-Estense.) 
 
 Deceased wife's ring marriage test — Unnatural father — 
 Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — Heroine disguise (wooden 
 figure) — Heroine flight — Hunting prince takes heroine to palace. 
 She lives in kitchen; says she is called wooden lady — Prince 
 beats her with (i) shovel, (2) tongs, (3) bellows — Meeting-place 
 (ball) — Token objects named — Love-sick prince — Recognition 
 food — Happy marriage. 
 
 ^ See note i. 
 
-CATSKIN. 
 
 55 
 
 III. " Pellicciotto."! (From Florence.) 137 
 
 Heroine, a lord's daughter, sets out to seek fortune — Fairy aid — 
 Heroine disgiiise (man's clothes and big cloak) — Menial heroine 
 (stable-boy to King of Portugal) ; called " Ugly-Skin" — Forgets 
 king's (i) stirrup, (2) whip, (3) bridle ; is hit with these objects — 
 Magic dress (obtained by fairy wand) — Meeting-place (ball) — 
 Token objects named — Three-fold flight — Pursuers detained by 
 (i) confetti, (2) money, (3) great smoke — Love-sick prince — 
 Queen's cakes burned ; heroine's substituted — Recognition food — 
 Heroine discovered (prince tears off husk) — Happy marriage. 
 
 IV. " ZuccHETTiNA."^ (From Florence.) 138 
 
 Woman gives birth to gourd ; exposes it in forest, not knowing 
 lovely girl is inside — Prince finds talking gourd, takes it home. 
 When refusing to take "Little Gourd" to ball, gives her (i) 
 whip, (2) kick, (3) slap. (Magic dresses) — Meeting-place (ball) 
 — Token objects named — Three-fold flight — Love-sick prince — 
 Recognition food (contains presents given at ball)^ — Hapjy 
 marriage. 
 
 V. " La Donnina di legno." (From Florence.) 1 39 
 
 Comiter-tasks (wooden-case, three dresses, and bird Verderrio) 
 from father — Menial heroine, lives in king's hen-house. Hens 
 sing of her loveliness — Meeting-place (ball) — Flight — Pursuers 
 blinded with sand and quattrini — Love-sick prince — Recognition 
 food (contains presents given at ball) — Happy marriage. 
 
 VI. " MoNA Caterina."! (From Florence.) 140 
 
 Heroine seeks her fortune — Fairy aid — Heroine disguise (old 
 woman's skin) — Fairy gives magic wand and three nuts. Heroine 
 sits opposite palace ; cracks nut which contains tiny men. She 
 will not sell them to queen, but asks to be engaged at palace. 
 She cracks second nut, containing tiny horses. Queen wants 
 them, but won't engage old woman. She cracks third nut con- 
 taining coach ; queen hires her as goose-girl — Menial heroine — , 
 
 1 See note i. 
 
56 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Geese sing of her beauty. King watches her bathing and falls in 
 love — Love-sick prince — Prince insists on being fed by old woman 
 (heroine) who purposely soils his face. She agrees to marry him 
 if no one is told that she is not ugly old woman — Happy mar- 
 riage. 
 
 141 VII. " La Giorgia"! (From Pratovecchio.) 
 
 Heroine sets out to see the world — Heroine disguise (skin of 
 corpse obtained from grave-digger) — Menial heroine (goose-herd 
 at palace) — Geese sing of her loveliness. Prince spies from 
 behind hedge — Love-sick prince — Recognition food (heroine 
 puts in royal signet ring, etc.) — Happy marriage. 
 
 142 Archivio, ii, pp. 21-25. Novelle popolari Sarde. 
 
 I. " Maria Intaulata." 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's ring marriage test — Un- 
 natural father — Governess aid — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — 
 Heroine disguise (wooden dress) — Heroine flight — Menial 
 heroine — Meeting-place (ball) — Token objects named — Three- 
 fold flight — Love-sick prince — Recognition food — Heroine dis- 
 covered — Happy marriage. 
 
 143 II. " Maria Intauradda." /^/^., pp. 27-31. 
 
 Deathbed promise — (Deceased wife's ring test) — Unnatural 
 father — Fate aid. Heroine's fate, or fortune, hears her lament 
 and assists her — Countertasks — Magic dresses (supplied by devil, 
 as gentleman) — Heroine disguise (wooden dress) — (Heroine 
 flight); her fate transports her to house of another king — Menial 
 heroine (has charge of horses in stable)— Says her name is 
 "Mary Wainscotted"— King's son threatens her with (i) spurs, 
 (2) saddle, (3) whip— Meeting place (fete)— Token objects 
 named — Threefold flight (fate transports her) — Lovesick prince 
 — Recognition food contains diamond [ring] given heroine at 
 third ball. — Happy marriage. 
 
 * See note i. 
 
B. — CATSKIN. 
 
 57 
 
 Athanas'ev (a. N.), Russian Folk-tales. Moscow, 1861. Part vi. 
 Tale No. XXVIII. 
 
 Unnatural father — Dead mother help — Countertasks — Magic 
 dresses — Heroine disguise — Outcast heroine (father, disgusted 
 with heroine in pig-skin hood, drives her from home) — Hunting 
 prince finds "Pig-skin Hood" in tree; takes her to palace — 
 Meeting-place (ball) — Three-fold flight— Pitch-trap — Lost shoe 
 — Shoe-test—Prince destroys pig-skin hood — Happy marriage — 
 Heroine tells prince of Deceased wife resemblance marriage 
 test to explain her disguise. 
 
 Baissac, Le Folk-lore de V Ik- Maurice. 
 pp. 1 18-128. 
 
 Paris, 1888. No. XT, 
 
 " T^E Story of Peau d'Ane." 
 
 Unnatural father — Countertasks — Magic dresses— Fairy god- 
 mother aid— Heroine demands skin of gold-ass — Heroine flight 
 —Heroine disguise (ass-skin dress made by god-mother) — Menial 
 heroine (goose-girl at palace) — Heroine must help cook for 
 dinner-party — Heroine discovered by prince through key-hole. 
 He bids her put his ring in cake ; during party he pretends to be 
 choked ; prince to wed girl who can extract ring from his throat — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 \ 
 
 Bartsch, Sagen, Mdrchen und Gebrduche aus Mecklenburg. 
 Wien, 1879. Vol. i, pp. 479-481. 
 
 " ASCHENPUSTER." 
 
 Unnatural father — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses— Heroine 
 disguise (crow mantle)— Heroine flight (magic wand transports 
 her) — Menial heroine (scullion) passes for a boy — Meeting- 
 place (ball) — Token objects named— (boot, brush) — Three-fold 
 flight— Recognition food— Happy marriage. 
 
58 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 147 GiAMBATTiSTA Basile, ^;'^/^/V/<9 di LUteratura popolare. Naples 
 (June 1883). Anno i. No. VI. Pp. 42-43. (From Pomi- 
 gliano d'Arco.) 
 
 " 'O CuNTO d' 'a Bella-Pilosa" (The Story of the Hairy 
 Belle). 
 
 Heroine, like deceased mother, has hair and teeth of gold — 
 Unnatural father — Dead mother help at grave — Countertasks 
 — Magic dresses provided by devil — Father deluded by splashing 
 of doves — Heroine flight — Heroine disguise (wolf's skin) — 
 Menial heroine (gooseherd) — Meeting-place (ball) — Twofold 
 flight — Lovesick prince — Recognition food, contains ring and 
 bracelet given at balls — Happy marriage. 
 
 148 Ibid. Anno 2. No. VII. (July 1884.) Pp. 51-53. 
 
 " 'A RuMANZA d' 'i tri Bistiti" (The Story of the Three 
 Dresses). 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's ring marriage test — 
 Unnatural father — Nurse aid — Countertasks — Magic dresses, 
 provided by devil — Heroine's hiding box (cage) — Heroine flight 
 ^Heroine disguise (fur dress — Magic dress inside out)— Menial 
 heroine (poultry-herd)— Meeting-place (ball)— Threefold flight 
 ■ — Money thrown to detain pursuers — Lovesick prince — Recogni- 
 tion food, contains jewel and necklace given at ball — Happy- 
 marriage — Heroine's father enters palace disguised as goldsmith ; 
 is recognised by heroine. He drugs the household ; attempts to 
 throw heroine into boiling oil. She wakes and arouses sentinels 
 — Villain Nemesis. Father thrown into boiling oil. 
 
 149 Basile, Pentamerone, translated by Liebrecht. Breslau, 1846. 
 Second Day, 6th Tale. No. XVI, vol. i, pp. 206-218. 
 
 " The She-Bear." 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's resemblance marriage 
 test — Unnatural father — Old woman aid — Magic chip in mouth 
 transforms heroine into bear — Heroine flight — Hunting prince 
 takes bear to palace garden. Sees her from window in form of 
 
B.— CATSKIN. 59 
 
 lovely maiden — Love-sick prince — Queen orders death of bear 
 whom servants spare and take to forest. Prince goes in search of 
 bear, makes her tend him in illness. Persuades her to kiss him. 
 Chip falls from her mouth. Re-transformation— Happy mar- 
 riage. 
 
 Busk, Folk-lore of Rome. London, 1874. Pp. 84-90. 
 " Maria Wood" (2nd version). 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's shoe marriage test 
 — Unnatural father — Counter-tasks — Heroine's hiding-box 
 (wooden figure) — Flight — Hunting prince finds heroine; takes 
 her to palace — Menial heroine — Meeting-place (ball) — Magic 
 dresses — Token objects thrown (Prince strikes heroine with 
 whip, boot, and hand)— Three-fold flight— Love-sick prince— Re- 
 cognition food (ring given at first ball) — Happy marriage. 
 
 Campbell, Popular Tales of the W. Highlands^ i, pp. 219 ff. 
 No. XIV. 
 
 "The King who w^ished to marry his Daughter." 
 
 Deceased wife's clothes marriage test — TJnnatm*al father 
 — Foster-mother aid — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — Heroine's 
 hiding-box — Heroine put to sea in chest ; rescued by herd — 
 Menial heroine — Meeting-place (sermon) — Threefold flight — 
 Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated feet — Animal wit- 
 ness (bird)— Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid.^ vol. i, pp. 225 ff. No. XIV «. 
 " Margery White Coats." 
 Deceased wife's clothes marriage test — Unnatural father — 
 Uncle aid— Countertasks— Magic dresses — Heroine flight (on 
 filly with magic bridle)— Menial heroine — Royal mistress throws 
 basin of water at heroine — Meeting-place (baU) — Token objects 
 (heroine says she comes from "Broken-basin Land", and after- 
 wards, from " Candlesticks") — Twofold flight — Lost shoe— Love- 
 sick prince — Shoe marriage test— Mutilated feet— Happy 
 marriage. 
 
 II 
 
6o CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 153 Chubinsky, Malorusskiya Skazki (Tales of Little Russia). Peters- 
 burg, 1878. Pp. 73-76. No. XVIII. 
 
 "The Girl with the Louse-skin Cloak." 
 
 Unnatural father— Mother help at grave— Counter-tasks— 
 Magic dresses — Heroine disguise — Heroine dresses nine dolls ; 
 speaks to them — Heroine flight — Seeks dead mother in other 
 world ; falls asleep ; is found by gentleman, who makes her his 
 servant— Menial heroine— Meeting-place (church)— Threefold 
 flight — Trap. Monks pour oil at church entrance — Lost shoes 
 [Shoe marriage test] — Search for owner of shoes. Heroine 
 found asleep on stove— Happy marriage. 
 
 154 CoMPhVCETTij Novelline popolari If aliane. Roma, Torino, Firenzo, 
 1875. -Story No. LVII, pp. 244-253. 
 
 " Zuccaccia" (Ugly Gourd). 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's ring test — Unnatural 
 father — Nurse aid — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — Heroine 
 flight — Heroine disguise (pumpkin dress)— Prince takes heroine 
 to palace — Menial heroine — Token objects thrown— Meeting- 
 place (ball) — Heroine names shovel, whip, tongs — Three-fold 
 flight — Love-sick prince— Recognition food (pin, ring, and 
 miniature given at balls) — Happy marriage — Heroine makes 
 herself known to father at wedding ; forgives him. 
 
 1 55 CoRAZZiNi, / Componimenti minore delta Utteratura popolare 7iei 
 principali diaktti, Benevento, 1877. Pp- 437-439- 
 
 " U Padre e a Figlia" (Father and Daughter). 
 
 TJnnatural father — Confessor aid — Counter-tasks — Magic 
 dresses— Heroine disguise (old woman skin)— Heroine flight- 
 Devil claims father — Fairies endow heroine with beauty — Menial 
 heroine (takes service with innkeeper ; afterwards waits on king) 
 — Heroine struck with (i) boot, (2) stocking, (3) garter — Meeting- 
 
B. — CATSKIN. 6 1 
 
 place (ball) — Token objects named — Threefold flight — Ashes 
 thrown at pursuers — Lovesick prince (after second ball) — Recog- 
 nition food, contains ring given at second ball — King leaves third 
 ball before heroine ; hides in house facing palace to watch — 
 Heroine discovered — Happy marriage. 
 
 I 
 
 Ibid.^ p. 484. 
 (See Crane's " Maria Wood", No. 157, taken from this.) 
 
 CosQUiN, Contes populaires de Lorraine^ vol. i, p. 273. 
 " The Golden Bull." 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife resemblance marriage 
 test — Unnatural father — Godmother aid — Counter- tasks — 
 
 Heroine demands a golden bull ; secretly, persuades jeweller to 
 make it hollow — Heroine's hiding-box — Surprise rencontre — 
 During absence of prince, his father taps bull ; heroine deceived, 
 
 l| comes forth — Prince's fiancee throws heroine into pit. She is 
 delivered by charcoal-burners — Happy marriage — Villam Ne- 
 
 l. mesis (fiancee burnt). 
 
 Crane, Italian Popular Tales. London, 1885. No. X, pp. 48-52. 
 " Fair Maria Wood." 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's ring marriage test — Un- 
 natural father — Counter-tasks (not set till wedding-day) — Magic 
 dresses — Heroine disguise (wooden dress) — Heroine flights- 
 Heroine dons wooden dress, throws herself into river and 
 floats. Gentleman rescues her and takes her home as servant to 
 his mother — Meeting-place (ball) — Gentleman beats heroine 
 twice for asking to go to ball— (Token objects)— Three-fold 
 flight — Love-sick prince — Recognition food (ring given at third 
 ball) — Happy marriage. 
 
^2 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 168 Viozo^, Contes Albanais. Paris, 1 88 1. Pp. 41-48. 
 
 *' Les Souliers." 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's shoes marriage test — 
 TJmiatm-al father— Comitertasks — Heroine demands two large 
 candlesticks; hides inside one— Heroine's hiding-box sold to 
 prince— Heroine comes out at night, eats prince's food and rubs 
 his hands— Sm^rise rencontre— Happy marriage— Prince goes 
 to war. Heroine discovered by mother of prince's fiancee, and 
 thrown in bed of nettles. Old woman delivers heroine and takes 
 care of her. Prince returns ; falls ill ; will only eat vegetables. 
 Old woman brings some herbs in which heroine has hidden 
 wedding-ring. Recognition food — Prince visits old woman ; dis- 
 covers heroine under kneading-trough — Breaks engagement to 
 fiancee. 
 
 159 Yii!iKUOKEy Tradizioni popolari Abbruzzesi. Lanciano, 1882. 
 
 No. HI, pp. 13-19. 
 
 " LU ZbCCHELE DE LeGNE. 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's wedding-ring marriage 
 test — Unnatm-al father — Governess aid — Counter-tasks — Magic 
 dresses (provided by merchant whom father meets and who asks 
 what is amiss) — Heroine disguise (wooden figure) — Father made 
 to fall into well — Heroine flight — Hunting prince finds heroine ; 
 takes her to palace — Menial heroine (gooseherd) — Geese sing in 
 praise of her beauty — Meeting-place (ball) — Three-fold flight — 
 Money scattered on third night to hinder pursuit — Love-sick 
 prince — Recognition food — Heroine discovered — Happy mar- 
 riage. 
 
 160 Go'^Z'E.^'BA.cn, Sidlianische Mdrchen. Leipzig, 1870. 
 
 No. XXXVIII, vol. i, pp. 261-69. 
 
 " Betta Pilusa." 
 
 Death-bed promise— Deceased wife's ring marriage test— Un- 
 natural father — Father-confessor aid — Counter-tasks — Magic 
 dresses, provided by devil — Heroine disguise (pig-skin) — Heroine 
 flight — ^Father deceived by splashing of doves in heroine's basin — 
 
Hunting prince finds heroine, takes her to hen-house— Menial 
 heroine — Meeting-place (ball) — Three-fold flight — Pursuers de- 
 tained by scattering jewels — Kecognition food. Cook's loaves 
 are burnt. Heroine's loaves contain presents received at balls — 
 Prince forsakes fiancee — Happy marriage. 
 
 Grimm, Household Tales. London, 1884. Tale No. LXV, vol. i, 16] 
 pp. 277-282. 
 
 "Allerleirauh." 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife resemblance marriage 
 test — Unnatm-al father — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — 
 Heroine flight — Heroine disguise— Allerleirauh found in tree 
 and carried off by king — Menial heroine — Meeting-place (ball) — 
 Three-fold flight — Recognition food — (Gold ring, gold reel, and 
 gold spinning-wheel in soup) — Prince puts ring on heroine's finger 
 at third ball — Heroine flings disguise over ball-dress; omits to 
 blacken one finger — Recognition (by means of ring on white 
 finger) — Happy marriage. 
 
 
 Grundtvig, Gamk danske Minder i Folkemunde^ etc. 
 Copenhagen, 1857. Story No. VII, pp. 30-35. 
 
 '* Den LILLE RODE Ko" (The Little Red Cow). 
 
 Unnatm-al father — Helpful animal (red cow) — Heroine flight 
 on red cow. Cow hides in sand-pit ; bids heroine seek . employ- 
 ment at palace — Menial heroine (kitchen-maid) — Magic dresses 
 from cow — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight — Lost 
 shoe — Shoe test — Happy marriage— Red cow is an enchanted 
 princess. 
 
 Prof. S.Grundtvig's Unpubhshed Collection. (FromVendsyssel, 
 
 Jutland.) 
 
 " PussEL I Skindkjolen" (Pusscl in the Skin-gown)* 
 
 Unnatural Father— Countertasks— Magic dresses — Heroine 
 disguise (skin-gown) — Heroine flight— Menial heroine (kitchen- 
 maid)— Meeting-place (church)- Threefold flight— Lost shoe — 
 Happy marriage* 
 
64 • ClNDEkELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Ibid. (From Zealand.) 
 " Den LILLE Sko" (The little Shoe). 
 
 Unnatural father — Old woman aid — Countertasks — Magic 
 dresses — Heroine disguise (as poor girl) — Heroine flight — Menial 
 heroine (kitchen-maid) — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold 
 flight— Lost shoe — Heroine quest—Happy marriage — Father 
 attends wedding. 
 
 GuBERNATis, Le NovelUne di Santo Stefa7io, Torino, 1869. 
 No. Ill, pp. 19-21. 
 
 " II Trottolin di Legno" (The Wooden Top). 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's ring marriage test — Un- 
 natural father — Old woman aid — Countertasks — Magic dresses 
 — Heroine flight (in wooden top) — Marquis buys Heroine's 
 hiding-box — Heroine waits on him; strikes him with (i) tongs, 
 (2) broom, (3) shovel, for refusing to take her to ball — Meeting- 
 place (ball) — Token objects named — Three-fold flight— Heroine 
 discovered — Happy marriage. 
 
 166 J- G. voisr Hahn, Griechische und albanische Mdrchen. Leipzig, 
 1864. Story No. XXVII, vol. i, p. 191. 
 
 'Allerleirauh." 
 
 Unnatural father — Father puts enigmatic question to bishop, 
 and tells daughter he has sanctioned marriage — Counter-tasks — 
 Magic dresses — Heroine flight — Heroine demands deep pit to 
 be dug ; gets into this, and earth opens further to receive her. 
 Wears animal's fell — Heroine disguise — Hunting prince finds 
 heroine, and takes her to palace as gooseherd — Menial heroine — 
 Meeting-place (ball) — Threefold flight — Ducats scattered to 
 detain pursuers — Lost shoe — Shoe test — Heroine brings water 
 to prince, who sees magic dress through slit in fell — Happy 
 marriage. 
 
B. — CATSKIN. 65 
 
 Ihid,, vol. ii, p. 225. Variant of Story No. XXVII. 167 
 
 " Allerleirauh" (second version). 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's ring marriage test — Un- 
 natural father — Fate aid — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses (fur- 
 nished by devil) — Heroine stipulates to go unseen to bath ; 
 assisted by Fate escapes to cave. Heroine disguise — Lives there 
 for six years. — Steals food from hunting prince, spoiling remainder 
 with salt. On the third occasion prince discovers her in hairy dress, 
 and takes her to palace. She remains speechless — Meeting-place 
 (wedding) — Threefold flight — Money scattered to detain pur- 
 suers — Love-sick prince— Recognition food (ring, watch, and 
 string of pearls given at weddings). Prince cuts off heroine's 
 hairy disguise— [Happy marriage.] 
 
 Imbriani, La Novellaja Fiorentina^ republished with La Novellaja 168 
 Milanese^ Livorno, 1877. Variant to Story No. XI (in Milanese 
 dialect), pp. 158-162. 
 
 " La Scindiroeura." 
 
 Unnatural father — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — Heroine 
 demands talking goose which she puts in basin of water and 
 which replies for her when father calls^ — Heroine disguise (a large 
 cloak) — Heroine flight — Menial heroine — Hearth abode^Meet- 
 ing place (ball)^ — Twofold flight (heroine does not attend third 
 ball ; has stolen prince's ring at second) — Love-sick prince — Ee- 
 cognition food — Happy marriage — Anon prince seeks heroine's 
 father. 
 
 VuK Karajich, Serbian Folktales. No. XXVIII. 169 
 
 " How AN Emperor's Daughter was turned into a Lamb." 
 Deathbed promise— Deceased wife's ring marriage test — Un- 
 natural father — Heroine stabs herself; is restored to life by 
 father's flute-playing, as directed by enchantress — Heroine cuts 
 off left hand and burns right in fire. Hands are restored by 
 magic herb — Heroine is guarded, but seizes staff on which is 
 written "Touch me not", and is transformed into lamb. En- 
 chantress is powerless to remove spell. 
 
 F 
 
 Ik 
 
66 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 170 Patrick Kennedy, Fireside Stories of Ireland, 1875, PP- 81-87. 
 
 " The Princess in the Catskins." 
 
 Unnatural father— Fairy aid (in shape of filly)— Countertasks 
 —Magic dresses — Heroine disguise (cat-skin dress) — Heroine 
 flight — Hunting prince finds heroine in forest ; takes her to 
 palace — Menial heroine — Prince orders heroine to bring him (i) 
 basin and towel, (2) hot water and towel, (3) needle and thread, 
 that he may observe her — Meeting-place (ball) — Recognition of 
 heroine by means of ring placed by prince on her finger at third 
 ball— Happy marriage. 
 
 171 Khudyakov, Velikorusskiya Skazki. Moscow, i860. Part 11, 
 
 p. 68. No. LIV. 
 
 " Perenovoe Chudo" (The Wonder of Wonders). 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's ring marriage test- 
 Unnatural father — Heroine's hiding-box (bedstead with secret 
 drawer) ; sold to prince— Surprise rencontre — Prince clothes 
 heroine in "wonder of wonders". His mother omits to feed 
 her during his absence. Heroine runs away ; climbs tree over- 
 hanging well — Three daughters of sacramental-wafer-maker see 
 heroine's reflection, think it their own, and refuse to draw water. 
 Mother goes to well ; calls heroine down — Love-sick prince — 
 Recognition food (wafer made by heroine and having impression 
 of her ring on it) — Happy marriage. 
 
 172 Khudyakov, op. cit. Part 11, p. 70. No. LV. 
 
 " Mashka Soplivka" (Mary the Smutty-nosed). M 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased mother's ring marriage test — 
 Unnatural brother — Heroine flight^ — Heroine found in hollow 
 tree and taken by children to their parents — Meeting-place 
 (feast) — Heroine struck with (i) boot, (2) towel, (3) looking- 
 glass — Magic equipage from hollow tree — Token objects named 
 — Happy marriage. 
 
B. — CATSKIN. 67 
 
 O. KoLBERG, Lud. Krakoivskie. (^The People, Province of 
 Cracow.) Vol. iv, pp. 56-60. 
 
 " Krolewna Kocie oczy" (Princess Cat's-eyes). 
 
 Unnatural father — ^Heroine possesses five Magic dresses — 
 Heroine disguise (dress of cat's-eyes)— [Heroine flight] — Menial 
 heroine (at palace) — ^Meeting-place (church)— [Flight] — Search 
 for heroine — Love-sick prince — Recognition [food] — Happy 
 marriage. 
 
 Friedrich S. Krauss, Sageti und Marchen der Siidslaven. 
 Leipzig, 1 883-1 884. Vol. ii, p. 339. No. 138. 
 
 " VoM Kaiser, der seine eigne Tochter heirathen wollte." 
 
 Death-hed promise — Deceased wife's resemblance marriage 
 test — Unnatural father — Old woman aid— Counter-tasks — 
 Magic dresses — Heroine disguise (mouse-skin dress) — Heroine 
 flight — Father deluded by splashing of ducks in bath — Hunting 
 prince discovers heroine in hollow tree^Menial heroine (goose- 
 girl) — Meeting-place (ball) — Token objects named — Threefold 
 flight — Lovesick prince — Recognition food, contains ring given 
 at third ball — Heroine discovered^Happy marriage — Heroine's 
 daughter, like herself, has star on brow — Heroine visits father — 
 Old woman rewarded — Minister, who sanctioned marriage with 
 daughter, beheaded. 
 
 E. T. Kristensen, Jyske Folkeminder V. ^ventyr fra Jylland 
 Kobenhavn, 1881. No. IV, pp. 38-45. 
 
 " Den rode Kg" (The Red Cow). 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's clothes marriage test — 
 Unnatural father — Heroine goes to drown herself — Old woman 
 aid — Countertasks — Gown of crows' bills— -Helpful animal — 
 (red cow) — Heroine flight on red cow — They pass copper, silver, 
 gold forests. Spite of warning heroine plucks a leaf in each, 
 causing three bulls to appear and fight cow, who is each time 
 victorious. Cow stays on green hill ; sends heroine to palace — 
 Menial heroine (cook) — Meeting place (church) — Cow does 
 
 F 2 
 
68 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 kitchen-work — Heroine wears crows' bill gown ; on leaving she 
 throws behind her (i) copper, (2) silver, (3) gold leaf— Threefold 
 flight— Lost shoe— Shoe marriage test— Mutilated feet — Happy 
 marriage — Father attends wedding. 
 
 176 l.}LQKXNT>j Recueil des Contes populaires Grecs. Paris, 188 1. 
 
 No. XXV. 
 
 " XVLOMARIE." 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's clothes marriage test— 
 TJmiatiiral father — Comiter-tasks— Magic dresses— Heroine dis- 
 guise (wooden sheath) — Heroine flight — Hunting prince takes 
 heroine to palace. She will only eat human food. Queen hits 
 her with gridiron, furnace besom, bobbin — Meeting-place (wed- 
 ding) — Token objects named — Heroine takes, (i) ring, (2) watch 
 and chain, (3) watch from prince, whilst he sleeps — Threefold 
 flight — Love-sick prince— Recognition Food — Heroine disco- 
 vered — Happy marriage. 
 
 177 LuzEL, Contes pop. de Basse Bretagne. Paris, 1887. Vol. iii, 
 
 pp. 247-261. No. V. 
 
 "La Fille du Roi d'Espagne." 
 
 Deceased wife's resemblance and wedding clothes marriage 
 test — Unnatural father — Old woman aid — Counter-tasks — 
 Magic dresses — Heroine disguise (as servant) — Heroine flight — 
 Menial heroine (swineherd) — Heroine discovered thrice in forest 
 by hunting lord; she doffs magic dress ere he reaches her — Young 
 lord hides at neighbouring farm, goes to bed in dark corner, and 
 feigns to be poor sick woman; farmer's wife does his bidding. He 
 is visited in turn by three young ladies from castle, one of whom 
 he was to select as bride. Each makes confession to him; the 
 first has abandoned her one child, the second her two children, 
 the third her three children. Fourth day swineherd brings food 
 from castle; tells supposed old woman who she is. Young lord 
 goes home; sups alone with three young ladies, flogs them, 
 denounces them, sends them to their homes. Calls swineherd, 
 tells of her revelation to him — Happy marriage. 
 
B. — CATSKIN. 69 
 
 Fr. Maspons V Labros, Lo Rondallayre (Quentos populars 
 Catalans). Part 11. Barcelona, 1872. No. XVI, pp. 72-75. 
 
 " La Pell d'Ase" (The Ass's Skin). 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's resemblance marriage 
 test -Unnatural father — Old woman aid — Heroine dresses in 
 ass-skin, and makes herself dirty, but fails to repulse father— 
 Counter-tasks — Magic dresses Heroine disguise — Heroine 
 flight^Menial heroine (goose-girl at king's farm)— Heroine at 
 river-bank doffs disguise and puts on finery. Geese in their 
 admiration will not feed ; grow thinner daily. Prince hears them 
 sing about lovely lady ; goes to spy — Heroine discovered — Prince 
 seeks her vainly after this ; takes her ring from her room — Love- 
 sick prince— Ring marriage test — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid. Part in. Barcelona, 1875. ^5 P- m- 
 
 Unnatural father — Priest aid — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses 
 —Heroine's hiding-box — Heroine flight — Prince buys chest con- 
 taining heroine— Surprise rencontre — Prince goes to war ; bids 
 servants take food to his room as usual. They spy heroine 
 through key-hole; cast her into a pit of thorns, and sell chest. 
 Peasants deliver heroine and make her tend swine. Prince re- 
 turns, seeks heroine in vain, falls ill. King offers reward for 
 cheering prince. Swineherd appears, is recognised by ring — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 
 Melusine,t. \\\. (1886.) Col. 404-5. 
 "Peau d'Ane." 
 
 (Note — The beginning of the story is missing.) 
 Two sisters buy donkey ; the one in love with king's son wears 
 its skin — Heroine disguise (ass-skin) — Menial heroine (turkey- 
 girl) — Heroine discovered by hunting prince. Chaffinch warns 
 her — Lovesick prince — Recognition food, contains heroine's ring 
 —Ring marriage test — Happy marriage. 
 
 \l 
 
7© CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 181 Prof. Moltke Moe's Unpublished Collection. 
 
 " Tr^klatra" (Wood-Clatter). 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's ring marriage test — 
 Unnatural father — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — Heroine 
 disguise (wooden cloak) — Heroine flight — Menial heroine (at 
 palace) — Heroine carries water, towel, handkerchief, to king — 
 Meeting-place (church) — Token objects named — Threefold 
 flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid. (From Flatdal.) 
 
 182 " Jenten MED Kraakeskindskjolen" (The Girl with the 
 
 Crowskin Cloak). 
 
 Unnatural father — Old woman aid — Counter-tasks — Magic 
 dresses — [Heroine disguise (crowskin cloak)] — Heroine flight 
 — Menial heroine (scullery-maid at palace) — Meeting-place 
 (church) — Threefold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 De Nino (Antonio), Usi e costumi abruzzesi. Firenze, 1883. 
 Vol. iii, pp. 90-98. No. XVII. 
 
 " Ze' Suverina" (Dame Cork). 
 183 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's ring marriage test — Un- 
 natural father— Fairy aid— Count ertasks — Magic dresses- 
 Heroine disguise (cork dress) — Heroine flight (after wedding) — 
 Father deluded by splashing of pigeons in water — Heroine in cork 
 dress thrown by fairy into sea ; found by prince and taken as 
 curiosity to palace ; called " Dame Cork''^ — ^Menial heroine 
 (gooseherd) — Every Sunday heroine doffs disguise, dons magic 
 dress, climbs into tree and combs hair, from which fall golden 
 pips which geese peck. They sing round tree. Prince on way 
 to ball meets heroine ; throws (i) boot, (2) shovel, at her, (3) hits 
 her, for asking where he is going— ^Meeting-place (ball) — Token 
 objects named— Threefold flight— Handful of ashes thrown in 
 the air turns to mist and hinders pursuit — Lovesick prince — 
 Recognition food (contains ring given at third ball) — Happy 
 marriage. 
 
B. — CATSKIN. 71 
 
 Pedroso, Portuguese Folk-tales (F.-L. Soc). London, 1882. 184 
 No. XVI, pp. 66-72. 
 
 "The Princess who would not marry her Father." 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's ring marriage test — 
 Unnatural father — Old woman aid — Counter-tasks — Magic 
 dresses —^ Heroine disguise (wooden dress) — Heroine flight — 
 Menial heroine — Calls herself Maria do Pau — King watches 
 heroine in magic dress tending ducks, and hears her sing that she 
 is a king's daughter. Heroine, disguised, asks permission to go to 
 feast; king throws at her (i) boots, (2) towel, (3) walking-stick — 
 Magic wand provides carriage for heroine — Meeting place 
 (feast) — Token objects named — Money thrown to guards — 
 Threefold-flight — Heroine discovered — King sees through key- 
 hole heroine doing embroidery; asks her, when waiting on him, 
 to embroider him shoes. She pretends she cannot — Surprise 
 rencontre — Happy marriage. 
 
 Perrault. 185 
 
 "Peau d'Ane." 
 Death-bed promise (second wife must be more beautiful than 
 deceased wife) — Unnatural father — Fairy godmother aid — 
 Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — Gold-ass killed by father at 
 heroine's request — Magic wand makes casket of jewels travel 
 underground and appear at command — Heroine disguise — 
 Heroine flight — Menial heroine^ — Heroine discovered (through 
 key-hole)— Love-sick prince — Recognition food— King marriage 
 test — Happy marriage — Father forgiven — (Moral). 
 
 PiTRE, Fiahe^ novelle e racconti pop. Siciliani, vol. i. Story 1 86 
 
 No. XLIII, p. 381. 
 " Pilusedda" (Little Hairy). 
 Death-bed promise— Deceased wife's ring marriage test —Un- 
 natural father— Enchanter aid— Counter-tasks — Magic dresses 
 (devil provides them in exchange for father's soul) — Heroine dis- 
 guise (horse-skin) — Heroine flight — Father deluded by splashing 
 of pigeons in bath. Smashes his head in his rage : devil fetches 
 
72 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 him — Prince takes disguised heroine to palace ; grows fond of 
 strange animal, who gives name " Pilusedda". She asks him for 
 paste to make loaf; puts father's watch in loaf which gets taken 
 to prince. Twice again she puts jewellery in loaves. Prince 
 suspects; invites her to chapel-royal. Heroine breaks (i) walnut, 
 (2) chesnut, (3) filbert, given by enchanter : fairies appear with 
 clothes, jewels, and carriages— Meeting-place (chapel-royal) — 
 Threefold flight — Pursuers detained by (i) pearls from her hair, 
 (2) gold and silver. Third time prince drives after her, catches 
 her as she enters palace, and makes her explain — Happy mar- 
 riage. 
 
 Ibid., p. 388. Variant of No. XLIII. 
 "FiDi E Cridi" (Faith and Creed). 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's ring marriage test — Un- 
 natm^al father — -Heroine demands fifteen days' respite ; shuts 
 herself up with sister and provisions in gilded wooden case, which 
 is cast into sea. King of Portugal keeps Heroine's hiding-box— 
 Heroine discovered— Happy marriage — Father attends wedding ; 
 curses heroine ; transforms her into lizard for a year, a month, and 
 a day. Afterwards she may cry thrice at midnight at sister's 
 window ; if answered, she will regain human form, otherwise be 
 lizard for ever. Heroine makes sister substituted bride — Sister 
 sleeps, but king hears lizard's cry and wakes bride. Retransfor- 
 mation and restoration of heroine. 
 
 Ibid. Story No. XLV, p. 393. 
 " La Cerva" (The Deer). 
 
 King and Queen have daughter with teeth of gold (heroine) 
 and daughter with teeth of silver— Death-bed promise — Deceased 
 wife's ring marriage test — Unnatm-al father — Pope aid — 
 Comiter-tasks — Magic dresses — Heroine and sister get into chest 
 which Pope throws into sea — Sick prince finds Heroine's hiding- 
 box — Heroine discovered — Happy marriage — Father's curse 
 transforms heroine to deer — Sister impersonates bride ; says 
 
B. — CATSKIN. 73 
 
 Madonna has changed her teeth from gold to silver — Prince 
 
 hunts in forest, wounds deer, who runs to palace, binds up arm 
 and dons usual clothes. Explanation follows. 
 
 Prym und Socin, Der neu-aramdische Dialekt des Tur'Abdln. 
 
 No. LII. 
 Death-bed promise— Deceased wife's shoe test — Unnatural 
 Father — Counter-tasks — Heroine's hiding box — Father sells 
 chest containing heroine to prince — Surprise rencontre — Happy 
 marriage. 
 
 Revue des Langues Romanes^ t. v (1874), p. 369. (By M. 
 Emilien Hubac ; from Gignac Herault.) 
 
 " La Peau d'Ane." 
 
 Unnatural father — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — Heroine 
 demands skin of gold-ass — Heroine flight — Fairy [godmother] 
 aid — Heroine disguise (ass-skin) — Menial heroine (shepherdess 
 at castle) — Heroine discovered by king's son — Lovesick prince — 
 Recognition food, contains ring given by fairy — Ring marriage 
 test^Happy mamage — Father attends wedding. 
 
 Revue des Traditions Populaires^ t. iii, pp. 268-272. 
 " The White Goat." 
 
 Father visits white-goat's castle ; omits to thank his invisible 
 host. Must return next day or bring youngest daughter in his 
 stead. White-goat wants to marry heroine ; bids her not look in 
 his ear. Whilst he sleeps she looks and finds key which opens 
 three chambers wherein for seven years workers have been making 
 robes, etc., for her. White-goat is awake when she would replace 
 key ; he reproves her and she leaves him to return home — Death- 
 bed promise — Deceased wife's resemblance marriage test — Un- 
 natural father — Fairy godmother aid — Counter-tasks^Magic 
 dresses — Heroine escapes in magic wheel-barrow : Heroine 
 flight — Heroine disguise (ass-skin) — On way to castle she begs 
 from pickers, a walnut, an almond, a nut — Menial heroine (turkey 
 girl) — (Task self-imposed) — Heroine asks mistress for hemp, 
 
74 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 which magic spinning instruments [contained in three nuts], spin 
 and wind — Spy on heroine — Mistress wants to buy magic instru- 
 ments. Heroine parts with each in turn for permission to pass 
 night in chamber of echoes — Servants hear her calling all night to 
 white-goat and complain — Master's son throws away sleeping- 
 draught, hears also and replies to heroine — Love-sick prince — 
 Recognition food, contains heroine's ring — King marriage test — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 Rivtsta di Litteratura Popolari. Roma, 1877. "Novellinedi 
 Santo Stefano di Calcinaia." No. V, p. 86. 
 
 " Pellicina." 
 
 Deceased wife's ring marriage test — Unnatural father — 
 Fairy aid — Coimter-tasks — Magic dresses— Heroine flight — 
 Menial heroine (works in garden) — Meeting-place (ball) — Token 
 objects named — Threefold flight — Love-sick prince — Recog- 
 nition food — Happy marriage. 
 
 Rom]6ro, Contos populares do Brazil. Lisbon, 1885. 
 Section I. Story No. IX, p. 29. 
 
 " Dona Labismina." 
 
 Queen wishes for a child, " even a snake''; has daughter with 
 snake round her neck ; no one can remove it. Child is fond of 
 snake. It leaves her neck to play in the sea ; one day it returns 
 no more, but tells heroine that Avhen in danger she may call for 
 it, whose name is Labismina — Death-bed promise — Deceased 
 wife's ring marriage test — Unnatm*al father — Snake aid — 
 Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — Heroine flight in ship provided 
 by Dona Labismina, who gives her directions and bids her, after 
 she is married to prince, call three times for Labismina, who will 
 then be disenchanted and a princess — Menial heroine (tends 
 poultry)— Meeting-place (festival)— Threefold flight— Love-sick 
 prince— Recognition food (containing jewel given at third 
 festival)— Happy marriage— Heroine forgets to call Labismina, 
 who remains enchanted; and that is why sea roars in fury at 
 times. 
 
B. — CATSKIN. ' 75 
 
 ScK'LEiCB.^K, Litauische Mdrchen, etc. Weimar, 1857. Pp. 10-12. 19 
 " The Beautiful Princess." 
 
 Dying queen has stars on brow, sun and moon on head — Un- 
 natural father— Countertasks— Heroine demands louse-skin 
 dress, etc., and gold shoe — Old woman aid— Heroine flight — 
 Ferryman tries to drown heroine for refusing him — Rock opens 
 to receive Magic dresses — Menial heroine (scullion) — Heroine 
 eager to wait on mistress's secretary, who is her brother. He 
 throws things at her— Meeting-place (church)— Brother attracted 
 by heroine, who attends several times in state. Once she does 
 not doff fine dress ; throws everyday clothes over it — Brother 
 sends for her to search his head— Heroine discovered — Heroine 
 and brother go forth together. 
 
 Arthur und Albert Schott, Walachische Mdrchen. Stuttgart 1 9 
 und Tubingen, 1845. Tale No. Ill, pp. 96-100. 
 
 " Die Kaisertochter im Schweinstall." 
 
 Unnatural Father — Nurse aid — Counter-tasks^Magic dresses 
 
 — Heroine ties goat to string by which father thinks to hold her 
 when out of sight — Heroine disguise — Heroine flight — Hunting 
 prince finds heroine in forest ; thinks her strange beast, and 
 puts her in pig-sty — Meeting-place (ball) — Ring put on heroine's 
 finger — Threefold flight— Love-sick prince — Recognition food 
 — Happy marriage. 
 
 Paul Sebillot, Litterature ovale de la Haute- Bretagne. Paris, 
 1881. Pp. 73-78. 
 
 " Peau d'Anette." 
 
 Unnatural father — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses (declined by 
 heroine) — Heroine flight with magic chest — Heroine disguise 
 (ass-skin) — Menial heroine (goose-girl at farm) — Heroine dis- 
 covered by young master — Tasks (to prove heroine worthy of 
 marrying young master) : (i) Spinning, performed by big-eyed 
 woman; (2) knitting, performed by long-eared woman; (3) 
 
76 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 cooking, performed by woman with huge teeth ; (4) sweeping, 
 performed by man. Heroine promises to invite each benefactor 
 to wedding ; forgets man till just in time — Happy marriage. 
 
 197 Societe de Litterature Finnoise. MS. Collections. By J. Soini, 
 1878. (From Wahakyro, in Ostrobothnia.) 
 
 " The Three Dresses." 
 
 Unnatural father — [Counter-tasks] — Heroine to procure (i) 
 gold dress, (2) silver dress, (3) crow's-beak gown ; then father will 
 release her — Dead mother help at grave— Magic dresses— Old 
 man aid— Heroine disguise (crow's-beak gown) -Heroine flight, 
 in carriage obtained by means of magic ball given by old man — 
 Menial heroine (swineherd at palace) — King's son throws at 
 heroine (i) water, (2) towel, (3) boots — Table served by means of 
 magic ball— Meeting-place (church) — Token objects named^ 
 Threefold flight — Pitch trap — Lost shoe — Shoe test — Happy 
 marriage. 
 
 Ibid. By K. T. Andersson. (From Loppi, in Tavastlandia.) 
 
 " The King's Daughter." 
 
 Unnatural father — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — Crow's-bill 
 dress not worn as disguise — Heroine flight (in boat which travels 
 by sea or land) — Heroine disguise (rags) — Menial heroine 
 (swineherd at palace) — King hits heroine with (i) towel, (2) 
 slippers — Meeting-place (fete) — Token objects named — King, 
 remembering treatment of swineherd, hurries back. Heroine 
 home first — Twofold flight— King sends for swineherd ; tears off 
 rags ; asks her pardon ; woos her for son — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid. (From Varpakyla. Narrated by Ogafja Vasiljovoa, 
 
 aged twenty-seven years.) 
 
 Unnatural father— Mother help at grave— Heroine flight— 
 
 Herome asks leave to take bath before wedding ; escapes ; throws 
 (i) brush, (2) comb, (3) looking-glass behind her as obstacles to 
 
B. — CATSKIN. 77 
 
 pursuit. Father must each time go home to fetch sword to cut 
 way through insurmountable wall ; little bird obliges him to take 
 sword back each time — Heroine reaches king's stable-yard — 
 Heroine disguise (pigskin) — Menial heroine — Heroine carries 
 (i) soap, (2) water, (3) shirt to king; he throws each at her — ■ 
 Rank dresses kept at foot of oak-tree — Meeting-place (church) 
 — King sends sister to question heroine — Token objects named 
 —Threefold flight— Pitch traps— Lost hat, glove, and shoe- 
 Hat, glove, and shoe marriage tests — On way to church heroine 
 alights from carriage to doff pigskin and don splendid dress — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 Straparola, Tredici Notte, i. Favola IV. 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife's ring marriage test — Un- 
 natm-al father — Nurse aid — Heroine's hiding-box — Life-sustain- 
 ing drops — King buys wardrobe containing heroine — Surprise 
 rencontre — Happy marriage — Father comes as merchant ; mur- 
 ders heroine's children ; in guise of astrologer denounces heroine. 
 She is buried alive. Father returns home. Old nurse comes to 
 clear heroine. Father is caught and killed. 
 
 Vernaleken, In the Land of Marvels. Folk-tales from Austria 
 and Bohemia. London, 1884. No. XXXIII, pp. 182 if. 
 
 " Besom-Cast, Brush-Cast, Comb-Cast." 
 
 Deceased wife resemblance marriage test (golden cross on 
 brow) — Unnatural father — Heroine flight — Faithful servant 
 accompanies heroine, taking dresses and jewels. — Heroine dis- 
 guise. Heroine stains hands and face; wears cap and ragged 
 clothes — Menial heroine — Token objects thrown — Meeting- 
 place (ball) — Threefold flight— Love-sick prince — Recognition 
 food (ring given at third ball) — Happy marriage. 
 
 V^KLT>h\5^ Bohmisches Mdrchenbuch. Prag, i860. Pp. 502-518. 20! 
 " The Princess with the Gold Star on her Brow." 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife resemblance marriage test 
 —Unnatural father — Countertasks — Magic dresses — Mother 
 
78 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 help in dream — Heroine disguise (mouse-skin dress). Veil from 
 mother renders her invisible — Heroine flight — Dresses hidden 
 under stone ; fish to guard them— Menial heroine (kitchenmaid), 
 called " Mouse-skin"— Meeting-place (ball)— Threefold flight- 
 Lovesick prince — Recognition food (contains ring given at third 
 ball) — Prince suspects kitchen-maid, makes hole in wall of bath- 
 house to spy — Heroine discovered — Happy marriage — Cook 
 rewarded for kindness to heroine — Penitent father, to whom dead 
 wife has appeared in dream, rejoices to find lost daughter. 
 
 y^'E.B'S>T¥.K, Basque Legends. London, 1877. P. 165. 
 
 "Ass-Skin." 
 
 Death-bed promise — Deceased wife resemblance marriage 
 test — Unnatural father — Godmother aid — Counter-tasks — 
 Magic dresses — Heroine disguise — Flight — Menial heroine — 
 [Meeting-place (ball)— etc. — Happy marriage.] 
 
 204 W. Weryho, Podania Lotewskie (Contes lettes). Warsaw, 1892. 
 
 Pp. 13-16. 
 
 Unnatural father — Mother help at grave — Counter-tasks; 
 
 talking-sticks, ball of mist, sledge of wind — Heroine repairs to 
 bath. Heroine flight— Sticks answer father — Dog sent after 
 heroine, brings back heart of hare — Menial heroine (swineherd 
 at palace) — Token objects thrown; afterwards named — Magic 
 dresses from treasure-oak — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold 
 flight — Pitch trap — Lost shoe — [Shoe marriage test] — King 
 recognises heroine; spies magic dress beneath rags — Happy 
 marriage. 
 
 WoYCicKi, Polnische Volkssagen iind Mdrchen^ translated into 
 German by F. H. Lewestam. Berlin, 1839. Bk. in. No. VIII, 
 pp. 128-30. 
 
 " Brother and Sister." 
 
 Unnatural brother— Sister promises compliance if brother 
 cannot find maiden lovely as herself to be his bride. After seven 
 years' vain search he returns to claim her — Countertasks— Magic 
 
B. — CATSKIN. 79 
 
 dresses — Carriage which travels alone and unseen — Heroine 
 flight (underground in magic carriage) — Spittle speaks in voice 
 of heroine's maid — Brother breaks into her empty room. 
 
 Zbibr 7viadomoscido antropologji Krajoivej. Cracow, 1877-92. Vol. 206 
 ii, pp. T49-151. (From neighbourhood of Dob, Government 
 of Plock.) 
 
 " Kr6l6wna sa Popielucha" (The Princess as Cinderella). 
 
 Unnatural father — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — Heroine 
 disguise (cloak of lice) — Heroine flight— Menial heroine (scul- 
 lion at palace)— Token objects — ^ Meeting-place (church) — 
 [Threefold flight] — Pitch trap — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage 
 
 test (at ball)— Heroine found in kitchen— Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid.^ vol. xi, pp. 81-83. (From district of Olkusz, Government 207 
 
 of Kielce.) 
 " O MYSZEj Sk6rce" (Mouse-skin). 
 
 Unnatural father — Virgin aid — Coimter-tasks — Magic dresses 
 — Heroine disguise (mouse- skin cloak) — Heroine flight (in mist) 
 — Menial heroine (scullion at palace)— Token objects — Meeting- 
 place (church) — [Twofold flight]— Cook sets heroine to make 
 cakes for king ; spies through chink, and sees her doff disguise ; 
 reports to king — Happy marriage. 
 
C- CAP O' RUSHES. 
 
 208 Archivio per lo Studio delle Tradizioni popolari. Palermo, 1882, 
 etc. Story from Parma, pp. 49-54. 
 
 "La Sendrarceula." 
 
 King has three thrones, white, red, black, which he occupies 
 according to mood. Youngest daughter is the favourite ; he is 
 angry with elder daughters and sits on black throne— King Lear 
 judgment— Loving like salt — Outcast heroine (= youngest) — 
 Servant spares heroine's life ; deludes king with sheep's heart and 
 heroine's clothes— Heroine disguise (ass-skin) — Witch aid — 
 Magic wand and nut given to heroine— King (= father) hunts in 
 forest ; his dog discovers heroine and takes her daily whatever he 
 catches — King tracks dog to hollow tree, finds heroine in ass-skin, 
 takes her to palace as kitchen-maid — Menial heroine — Magic 
 flrf^RRfiP— M-^fttlng rla.rp (bpi^^) TVivof^fniri flight— Confetti and 
 flowers scattered to hinder pursuit — Lost shoe — Heroine has 
 stayed beyond midnight. In her haste to undress she omits to 
 remove gold stockings — Shoe marriage test — Sisters for fun insist 
 on trying shoe on kitchen maid, who tries to hide gold stockings — 
 Happy marriage — King rejoices to recover daughter. Sisters are 
 jealous. 
 
 209 Bernoni, Fiabe popolari Veneziane. Venezia, 1873. Story 
 No. XIV, pp. 68-74 (in dialect). 
 
 "Loving Like Salt." 
 
 King Lear judgment — Loving like salt— Outcast heroine — 
 
 Servant spares heroine's life ; deludes king with eyes and heart of 
 dog — Old woman aid — Heroine disguise ; magic wand placed in 
 her bosom makes heroine look like an old woman — Menial 
 heroine — Prince looks through key-hole of hen-house — Heroine 
 discovered — Happy marriage— Value of salt — Servant rewarded. 
 
C. — CAP O' RUSHES. 8l 
 
 Biblioteca de las Tradidones Populares Espanolas^ vol. viii. Cuento 210 
 No. I, p. 175. 
 
 " XuANON DEL CoRTEZON " (Johnny of the Bark). 
 
 King Lear judgment — Loving like salt — Outcast heroine — \ 
 
 Servants spare heroine's hfe ; delude king with eyes of bitch — 
 Heroine disguise (clothes bought of shepherd)— Menial heroine 
 (tends turkeys as man) — Heroine doffs disguise ; turkeys 
 seeing her in royal robes forget in their admiration to feed. One 
 dies every day. Heroine explains that they die in fight. But 
 prince goes to spy — Heroine discovered — Lovesick prince insists 
 that Johnny of the Bark (heroine) shall bring him broth, though 
 cook protests that Johnny is so filthily dirty — Prince tells heroine 
 what he has witnessed— Happy marriage— Value of salt — 
 Father falls dead on recognising heroine. 
 
 Jean-Francois Blade, Conies populaires recueillis en Agenais. 211 
 Paris, 1874. Pp. 31-41. 
 
 "The Turkey Girl." 
 
 Faithful servant counsels king not to part with all his property 
 to daughters - King Lear judgment— Loving like salt — Outcast 
 heroine— Faithful servant saves heroine from death, finds her 
 employment as turkey girl ; deludes king with tongue of dog — 
 Elder daughters marry ; bribe lawyer to disobey father's instruc- 
 tions about deed — Outcast father — Faithful servant accompanies 
 him, and finds him farm residence — Heroine disguise (peasant's 
 dress) -Menial heroine —Dresses (rank)— Meeting-place (ball) — 
 Threefold flight — Hunting prince remarks resemblance of turkey 
 girl to stranger at ball — Lost shoe — Shoe test— Shoe marriage 
 test — Father's restoration task — Villain Nemesis — Happy- 
 Marriage — Faithful servant chooses bride and sits with her at 
 royal table. 
 
 Jean-Francois Blade, Contes populaires de la Gascogne. 
 Paris, 1 886. Vol. i, pp. 251-66. 
 
 '' La Gardeuse de Dindons." 
 
 (This story resembles the above, q. v.) 
 
82 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 A. BoNDESON, Svenska Folk-Sagor. Stockholm, 1882. P. 16. 
 
 No. IV. 
 
 " Salt og Brod" (Salt and Bread). 
 
 Heroine accused by step-sisters of not loving father^King 
 Lear judgment — Loving like salt (and bread) — Outcast heroine 
 — Hunting prince finds heroine naked in tree ; throws his mantle 
 over her — Happy marriage— Father and step-sisters attend wed- 
 ding—Value of salt (and bread)— Villain Nemesis. Step-sisters 
 driven naked into forest. 
 
 Braga, Contos Tradicionaes do Fovo Portuguez. (Oporto; no 
 date.) Story No. L. Vol. i, p. 122. 
 
 "Salt and Water." 
 
 King Lear judgment — Loving like salt — Outcast heroine — 
 Menial heroine (cook) puts ring of value in pie — Ring test : only 
 cook can wear it. Prince watches her secretly : Heroine disco- 
 vered — Happy marriage — Value of salt. 
 
 214 '2i\5^Y^^ Folk-lore of Rome. London, 1874. Pp. 403-406. 
 
 " The Value of Salt." 
 
 King Lear judgment — Loving like salt — (Outcast heroine). 
 
 Youngest daughter to live apart in separate wing of the palace ; 
 persuades cook to prepare father's food without salt ; is restored 
 to favour — Value of salt. 
 
 Comparetti, Novelline popolari Italiane. Roma, Torino, Firenze, 
 1875. Story No. LXI, pp. 264-68. 
 
 " Occhi-Marci" (Blear-Eye). 
 King Lear judgment— Loving like salt — Outcast heroine- 
 Nurse accompanies heroine. They meet funeral of old woman 
 aged hundred years ; nurse buys her skin from grave-digger — 
 Heroine disguise— Prince takes old woman(= disguised heroine) 
 to palace ; she is nicknamed Blear-Eye. Queen is surprised tci 
 find how beautifully she can spin and sew — Heroine discovered — 
 Happy marriage — Value of salt. 
 
C. — CAP O' RUSHES. 83 
 
 Coronedi-Berti, Novelle popolari Bolognesi. No. Ill, 
 pp. 200-204. 
 
 " La Fola del Candlir" (The Story of the Candlestick). 
 
 King Lear judgment — Loving like salt — Outcast heroine — 
 
 Heroine to be slain; mother contrives to spare her; shuts 
 her with food in silver candlestick which servant must sell to 
 rich man — Prince buys Heroine's hiding-box, keeps it in dining- 
 room — Heroine eats supper prepared for prince. Servants scolded 
 — Third night prince hides under table — Surprise rencontre — 
 Candlestick kept henceforth in prince's room. Prince supposed 
 insane for insisting he will marry candlestick, which is taken to 
 church — Heroine revealed— Happy marriage — Mother of prince 
 has food without salt prepared for heroine's father; will not let 
 heroine attend wedding feast — Value of salt — Heroine restored 
 to repentant father. Heroine's mother sent for. 
 
 Finamore, Tradizioni popolari Abruzzesi. Lanciano, 1883. 21 'J 
 Vol. i, pp. 130-32. No. XXVI. 
 
 " Lu ScARTOZZE DE Sale" (The Screw of Salt). 
 
 Gifts from father : heroine outcast for choosing screw of salt — 
 Outcast heroine — Heroine disguise (old-woman skin) — Menial- 
 heroine (minds poultry) — Heroine doffs disguise; hens sing in 
 admiration. She kills one each day. Mistress spies ; tells prince, 
 who persuades disguised heroine to be scullion at palace — 
 Heroine discovered — Happy marriage — Value of salt. 
 
 
 Grimm, Household Tales. London, 1844. Tale No. 179. 
 Vol. ii, pp. 282-291. 
 
 "The Goose-girl at the Well." 
 
 King Lear judgment — Loving like salt— Outcast heroine — 
 Sack of salt bound on heroine's back. Her tears strew the road 
 with pearls — Father repents judgment; makes vain search for 
 heroine — Old-woman aid— Heroine disguise (old-woman skin) — 
 
 G 2 
 
§4 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Menial heroine — Nobleman carries old woman's burden ; is 
 rewarded with emerald book containing pearl, which he after- 
 wards gives to heroine's mother, who, reminded thereby of 
 daughter's tears, faints— Heroine quest— Heroine discovered 
 (heroine doffs skin to bathe at well by moonlight)— Flight- 
 Pursuit by nobleman, who misses heroine, but falls in with 
 heroine's parents. Together they reach house of old woman, 
 who, after reproving parents, presents heroine clad as princess — 
 Old woman has collected heroine's tears ; gives them as reward 
 for services as goose girl. Transforms her house into castle for 
 heroine. 
 
 Kletke, Dr. W., Mdrchensaal. Berlin, 1845. Vol. ii, pp. 320-30. 
 No. XXIV. (Taken from Wiener Gesellshafter, by An. 
 Schumacher. Wien, 1833.) 
 
 " D' Ganslhiaddarin." 
 
 (The same as the preceding.) 
 
 Ipswich Journal : "Suffolk Notes and Queries". Story republished 
 in Longman^ s Magazine^ Feb. 1889. P. 441. 
 
 " Cap o' Rushes." 
 
 King Lear judgment — Loving like salt — Outcast heroine — 
 Heroine disguise — Menial heroine — Meeting-place (ball) — 
 Dresses (rank) — Threefold flight — Young master gives ring to 
 heroine — Love-sick (hero) — Recognition food — Happy marriage 
 — Value of salt. 
 
 A. Lootens, Oude Kindervertelsels in den Brugschen Tongval. . 
 Brussels, 1868. P. 55. 
 
 " Vuiltji-vaegt-den-oyen" (Slut-sweeps-the-Oven). 
 
 King Lear judgment — Loving like salt — Outcast heroine — 
 
 Dresses hidden in hollow tree — Heroine disguise (peasant's dress) 
 —Menial heroine (at castle)— Meeting-place (church)— Three- 
 fold flight — Lost shoe, during first pursuit ; produced by son of 
 the castle during dinner ; will only fit heroine- Afterwards, lost 
 
C. — CAP O' RUSHES. 85 
 
 glove and ring : the same. Heroine offers to fetch owner ; 
 returns in state — Happy marriage — Visit to father, wliom elder 
 daughters have deserted. 
 
 Ernst Meier, Deutsches Volksmdrchen aus Schwaben. Stuttgart, 22] 
 1852. P. 99. No. XXVII. 
 
 " So LIEB WIE DAS SaLZ." 
 
 Loving like salt — Heroine in disfavour — Feast — Value of 
 salt. 
 
 Gherardo Nerucci, Sessanta Novelle popolari Monfalesi. 
 Firenze, 1880. Pp. 106-10. No. XIII. 
 
 " Occhi-Marci." 
 (See Comparetti, No. 215.) 
 
 Ortoli, Les Conies populaires de PUe de Corse, p. 48. 222 
 
 "Peau d'Ane." 
 
 King Lear judgment — Outcast heroine— Heroine disguise 
 (ass-skin) — Menial heroine (goat-herd)— Heroine discovered — 
 Flight — Lost shoe — Recognition — Outcast Father — Father's 
 restoration task— Happy marriage — Father is insane ; heroine's 
 care restores him to his senses. 
 
 Paul Sebillot, Litterature ovale de la Haute-Bretagiu. Paris, 223 
 1881. Pp. 45-52. 
 
 "La Pouilleuse." 
 
 King Lear judgment — ^Loving like salt— Outcast heroine — 
 Heroine disguise (old woman's rags) — Menial heroine (minds 
 sheep)— Heroine discovered by hunting prince— ^Lovesick prince 
 — Recognition food, contains heroine's ring —Ring marriage test 
 — Happy marriage — Value of salt. 
 
86 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Voikskunde, ii, 208. Antwerp. 
 " Vuil-Velleken" (Little Dirty-Skin). 
 
 King Lear judgment — Loving like salt — Outcast heroine — 
 Old woman aid — Magic box given to heroine, which, placed in 
 hollow of a certain tree, will produce Magic dresses — Menial 
 heroine ; nicknamed, because of her dirty work, Vuil-Velleken, 
 or Velleken-Vuil — Meetiug-place (ball) — Heroine must leave at 
 midnight, or Magic dresses will turn to rags; tells prince she 
 comes " from the land of Cadzand, where folk strike the palm of 
 the hand with a wooden stick till out rushes blood", repeating her 
 mistress's words. (Token objects named) — Flight — Lost shoe — 
 Shoe marriage test — Happy marriage — Father attends wedding ; 
 is reconciled to heroine. 
 
 Volkskunde (1889), ii, 267. 
 " Zoo GEREN AS Zout" ( As much as Salt). 
 
 King Lear judgment — Loving like salt — Outcast heroine — 
 Heroine disguise (as page) — Heroine returns to father's palace ; 
 makes herself known to cook, whom she persuades to prepare 
 food without salt — Value of salt. 
 
 Webster, Basque Legends. London, 1877. P. 165. 
 
 King Lear judgment — Loving like salt— Outcast heroine — 
 
 Servants spare heroine's life; delude king with horse's heart — 
 Heroine lives in forest on plants brought by birds and flowers 
 brought by bees — Heroine discovered — Happy marriage — Value 
 of salt — Two sisters remain old maids. 
 
D.— INDETERMINATE. 
 
 Da. The following approximate to the Cinderella type : — 
 
 Athanas'ev, Russian Folk-tales. Moscow, 1861. Part vi. 
 No. LIV. Pp. 270-273. 
 
 " Kroshechka-Khavroshichka." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by mistress) — Task (spinning and weav- 
 ing) — Task-performing animal (cow) — Heroine must creep in at 
 one of cow's ears, and out at the other, and task is performed — 
 Mistress's one-eyed daughter sent to spy ; put to sleep by magic 
 formula; two-eyed daughter, the same. Three-eyed daughter 
 sees with third eye, which heroine omits to charm — Slaying of 
 helpful animal — Eating taboo — Eevivified bones. Magic apple- 
 tree with golden leaves, silver branches, and crystal fruit, springs 
 from bones — Wealthy youth will wed whichever girl can give him 
 magic apples. Three sisters cannot reach them. Tree bows 
 down to heroine — Happy marriage. 
 
 Athanas'ev, Russian Folk-tales. Moscow, 1861. Part vi. 
 No. LV. Pp. 273-276. 
 
 " BURENUSHKA." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (minds 
 cow) — Helpful animal (cow) — Heroine bows to cow's right foot 
 and obtains food — One-eyed step-sister sent to spy ; put to sleep 
 by magic formula during hairdressing. Two-eyed step-sister, the 
 same. Three-eyed step-sister sees with third eye, which heroine 
 omits to charm — ^Slaying of helpful animal — Heroine buries 
 entrails in door-post ; magic shrub springs up covered with sweet 
 berries. Birds sit in its branches — Prince Ivan will wed girl who 
 can fill cup with berries. Birds drive away three step-sisters ; 
 pluck the berries for heroine — Happy marriage — Heroine, after 
 birth of son, visits father. Step-mother tr^n^forms heroine into 
 
88 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 goose ; substitutes own daughter as prince's wife — Nurse, an old 
 man, takes child into field in early morning ; inquires of flock of 
 wild geese if they have seen child's mother. Goose alights, doffs 
 feather-skin, and suckles child ; says she may only return once 
 more. Nurse reports to prince, who watches next morning from 
 behind bush ; burns feather-skin ; seizes wife, who changes into 
 frog, lizard, snake, distaff. Prince breaks distaff into two, throws 
 half behind, half in front of him. Heroine stands before him — 
 Princes and counsellors assembled to decide with which wife prince 
 must live. He will keep whichever wife climbs palace gates first. 
 Heroine cannot climb. Prince shoots false wife on top of gates. 
 Villain Nemesis. 
 
 Basile, Pentamerone. Translated by Liebrecht. Breslau, 1846. 
 Vol. i, pp. 379-395- (S^d Day, 10th Tale.) 
 
 " The Three Fairies." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Heroine drops basket 
 into dust-hole ; asks hideous wild man to recover it ; he bids her 
 descend for it ; she meets three fairies ; is taken to their house ; 
 does their hair ; pleases them ; is given choice of dresses ; takes 
 the worst and gets the best ; leaves by chief door, and gets star 
 on brow — Step-sister offends fairies ; is sent away empty-handed 
 by back door ; gets ass-tail on brow — Menial heroine (swineherd) 
 — Grand gentleman sees heroine ; wants to marry her ; is to 
 return for her at night — Step-mother puts heroine in cask ; presents 
 own daughter — Next day gentleman would return False bride — 
 Step- mother away — ^ Animal witness (cat) — ^Heroine released from 
 cask; step-sister put in — Happy marriage — Villain Nemesis. 
 Step-mother boils own daughter ; drowns herself. 
 
 R. Beauvois, Conies populaires de la Norvege, de la Finlatide et de 
 la Bourgogne. Paris, 1862. Pp. 239-247. (Conte Bour- 
 guignon.) 
 
 " La Petite Annette." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother)— Menial heroine (minds 
 sheep)— Virgin Mary aid— Helpful animal (black sheep)— Spy 
 on heroine — Step-mother feigns illness — Slaying of helpful 
 
D.^INDETERMINATE. 89 
 
 animal — Heroine buries sheep's liver, from which springs magic 
 tree, whose branches bow down to heroine — Prince will wed 
 daughter of any person who can pick fruit — Villain Nemesis. 
 Step-mother falls from ladder, and is killed. Prince falls ill with 
 longing. — Heroine picks him fruit — Happy marriage. 
 
 E. Henri Carnoy et Jean Nicolaides, Traditions populaires de 23 
 VAsie Mineure. Paris, 1889. Pp. 91-106. No. V. 
 
 " Marietta et la Sorciere, sa Maratre." 
 
 Governess prompts heroine to murder mother— Ill-treated 
 heroine (by step-mother) — Outcast heroine, exposed on moun- 
 tain-top — Heroine takes food from giants' castle; is discovered ; 
 befriended by forty giants — Step-mother learns from Sun that 
 heroine is more beautiful than she ; goes as pedlar, and sells A^ 
 enchanted ring to heroine, who falls dead. Removal of ring 
 restores animation— Step-mother throws bunch of grapes ; heroine 
 takes one, falls dead. Is exposed on mountoin ; found by hunting 
 prince, and taken to palace — Lovesick prince — King shakes 
 corpse. Reanimated heroine — Happy marriage — Step-mother as 
 midwife attends heroine ; plunges fork in her head, transforming 
 her to pigeon ; takes her place — Pigeon killed for broth ; bones 
 become three fir-trees — -Fir-trees uprooted for decoction ; bark 
 becomes blue pigeon. Prince takes fork from pigeon's head, 
 causing series of transformations — Villain Nemesis. 
 
 CosQUiN, Contes pop. /orrains, i, 246-247. Story No. XXIII. 23 
 "The Golden Pear-tree." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by mother) — Menial heroine, minds 
 sheep ; has stones given her for bread— Fairy man aid -Helpful 
 animal (sheep) gives food when struck with magic wand-— Second 
 daughter, sent to spy on heroine, falls asleep. Eldest daughter 
 feigns sleep and reports to mother — Slaying of helpful animal — 
 Heroine collects bones from which springs golden pear-tree — 
 King sees tree ; he will wed anyone who can pluck golden pears. 
 Elder sisters try and fail; branches bow down to heroine —Happy 
 marriage — King goes to war.. Queen bears twins with gold star 
 
90 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 on brow ; and dog has two puppies with gold star. King's mother 
 accuses queen of bearing puppies. King sends order for heroine 
 to be hanged. 
 
 Ibid.^ i, 248-250. 
 "The Golden Bells." 
 
 Dying mother bids heroine take care of white lamb — Ill-treated 
 heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (minds sheep) — Step- 
 mother starves heroine — Helpful animal (lamb) — Ear-cornucopia 
 — Spy on heroine — Step-sister sent to sleep by hair-dressing ; 
 second day she feigns sleep — Slaying of helpful animal — Heroine 
 collects bones ; lays them on pear-tree. Its branches become decked 
 with golden bells, which ring ceaselessly. Their silence would 
 betoken ill — King will wed anyone who can pick gold bell — 
 Step-sister tries and fails — Heroine returns with sheep and picks 
 apronful of bells — King takes her to castle— Happy marriage — 
 King goes to war — Step-mother throws heroine in river, and 
 substitutes own daughter — King turns back because golden bells 
 cease ringing. He sees hand in river ; draws out heroine — Villain 
 Nemesis. 
 
 Des Periers, Jean Bonaventure, Nouvelles Recreations et 
 ioyeux Devis. Lyon, 1558. Nouvelle CXXIX. ("D'une 
 jeune fiUe surnommee Peau d'Asne, et comment elle fut 
 marine par le moyen que luy donnerent les petitz formiz.") 
 
 Rich Italian merchant retires to farm residence. Neighbouring 
 squire, coveting merchant's lands, pretends to desire marriage 
 between his son and merchant's youngest daughter, Pernette — 
 Ill-treated heroine (by mother and jealous sisters) — Task, to 
 pick up grain by grain with the tongue a bushel of scattered 
 barley — Merchant, seeing proposed marriage displeases wife, 
 makes heroine wear ass-skin, in order to disgust lover. [Heroine 
 disguise (ass-skin)] — Faithful lover. Mother will agree to 
 marriage if task is performed — Task-performing ants — Happy 
 marriage. 
 
D. INDETERMINATE. 9 1 
 
 Frere, Old Deccan Days. London, 1870 (2nd ed.). Pp. 236-45. 21 
 
 "SodewaBai." 
 
 Gems fall from heroine's (Sodewa's) lips. Her soul is con- 
 tained in necklace — Lost shoe — Hunting prince finds shoe in 
 jungle ; seeks owner — Happy marriage — Prince's first wife hates 
 heroine ; plots with servant to steal her necklace, so that she dies. 
 Thief does not wear necklace at night; then heroine's soul 
 returns. Prince sees jewels that have fallen from her lips. She 
 bears a son, but dies as day dawns, and babe weeps. Prince 
 visits tomb at night, hears babe cry, and sees heroine ; he learns 
 theft. Necklace is restored — Villain Nemesis. 
 
 II 
 
 Grimm, Household Tales. London, 1884. No. 130. Vol. ii, 
 
 pp. 169-176. 
 
 " One-Eye, Two-Eyes, and Three-Eyes." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by mother and elder and yomiger sisters) 
 — Menial heroine (tends goat) — Wise-woman aid — Helpful 
 animal (goat) gives food. One-eye sent to spy on heroine, who 
 charms her to sleep. Three-eyes sent to spy ; heroine omits to 
 charm third eye which discovers magic food supply — Slaying of 
 helpful animal. Heroine buries entrails ; tree with silver leaves 
 and gold fruit springs from them — One-eye and Three-eyes climb 
 tree but cannot pluck fruit, which escapes their hands. Heroine 
 picks gold apples. Knight draws near to admire tree ; heroine is 
 pushed under empty barrel. He promises to grant any wish to 
 one who can pluck him branch. One-eye and Three-eyes try and 
 fail. Heroine rolls two gold apples from under barrel to his feet. 
 She is brought forth ; plucks him branch from tree, and begs to 
 be taken from unhappy home — Happy marriage — Magic-tree 
 removes to heroine's new home. She befriends sisters in after 
 years. 
 
92 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 237 GuBERNATis, Le NovelHne di Santo Stefano. Torino, 1869. 
 
 No. I, pp. 16-17. 
 
 "La Bella e la Brutta." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (cow- 
 herd) — Old woman aid— Task (spinning) — Task-performing 
 animal (cow) — Spy on heroine. Sister sent to sleep by hair- 
 dressing. Second day sister stays awake ; task is unper- 
 formed, and heroine beaten — Heroine moves stone whilst picking 
 yi salad, revealing glass-stair. Descends ; iinds cat in first room 
 ^ sweeping ; sweeps for it. Scours for cat in second room ; makes 
 O^ bread for third cat ; combs fourth cat ; is blessed by all. Lady 
 gives her choice of gifts. She chooses plain dress and sham 
 jewels ; gets splendid dress and real jewels. Is told not to turn 
 when donkey brays, but when cock crows ; heroine does so ; gets 
 gold star on brow. Step-sister, sent to get same, offends cats, gets 
 worst dress and sham jewels ; turns when donkey brays and gets 
 tail on brow. Prince comes for heroine ; step-mother hides her 
 in cask, sends own daughter— False bride — Animal witness (cat) 
 Happy marriage — Villain Nemesis. Mother boils own daughter 
 by mistake. 
 
 238 Imbriani, La Novellaja Fiorentina, repubhshed with La Novel] aj a 
 Milanese. Livorno, 1877. Pp. 162-166. (Milanese variant of 
 No. XI.) 
 
 "SCINDIRIN — ScINDIROLU." 
 
 ni-treated heroine (by elder sisters) — Hearth abode — Lady 
 aid — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (ball) — In conversation with 
 sisters about ball, heroine is ridiculed for saying she was present. 
 They show nosegay lovely stranger had given them — Threefold 
 flight — Heroine accepts ring from prince, but cannot marry him 
 or tell who she is. Afterwards she is sad at learning that prince 
 is ill. Counselled by lady, she takes service at palace — Love-sick 
 prince — Recognition food — Happy marriage — Heroine befriends 
 jealous sisters. 
 
D. — INDETERMINATE. 93 
 
 Ibid. Pp. 183-190. No. XIII. 239 
 
 " II Luccio" (The Pike). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — King sees heroine and 
 step-sister weaving and winding ; pays compliments to former — - 
 Old woman aid — Heroine sent to fairies for sieve ; does their 
 bidding politely; chooses poorest gifts and gets richest; turns Qv 
 when cock crows and gets star on brow — Step sister offends 
 fairies : breaks glass stair ; gets worst gifts ; turns when ass brays, 
 and gets ass-tail on brow — Menial heroine — Helpful animal 
 (pike) — Heroine saves pike and puts it in fountain — Happy 
 marriage — Pike removed to lake — Step-mother drives with king 
 and bride in iron carriage — Heroine's eyes torn out — Step-mother 
 puts her under tub ; substitutes own daughter — False bride — 
 Animal witness (cats) — ^Heroine discovered under tub by ser- 
 vants ; pike restores her eyes — Villain Nemesis. Step-mother 
 and step-sister locked up in tub — Pike removed to heroine's 
 garden ; kept in glass case after its death. 
 
 Ibid. Pp. 195-201. No. XIV. 240 
 
 " La Bella e la Brutta." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Tasks : spinning, sew- 
 ing — Old woman aid — Task-performing animal (cow) — Heroine 
 sent to fairies ; does their bidding graciously ; is rewarded with 
 riches and star on brow — Step-sister offends fairies ; gets worth- 
 less gifts and ass-tail on head — Only heroine can pick magic 
 apples for king. Heroine hidden in cask — False bride — Animal 
 witness (cat) — Happy marriage — Step-mother boils own daugh- 
 ter ; props up corpse ; father knocks it down — Villain Nemesis. 
 Father imprisoned ; step-mother shot. 
 
 J 
 
 Ibid. Pp. 202-207. No. XV. 241 
 
 " La Bella Caterina." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by mother and sister) — Heroine sent to 
 ask for sieve from wicked fairies — Old man aid — Following old 
 
94 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 man's counsel, heroine puts stick instead of finger in key-hole ; 
 does sewing, etc., for cats ; chooses poorest fare and worst dress 
 from cat " Mammone"; turns round as bidden when cock crows, 
 and gets star on brow — Ugly sister offends old man ; gets finger 
 chopped off in key-hole ; maltreats cats ; chooses best fare and 
 best dress ; breaks glass stairs ; turns when donkey brays, and gets 
 ass-tail on brow — Prince comes for heroine, who is hidden in 
 cask — False bride — Heroine heard singing from cask — Villain 
 Nemesis. Mother and sister in cask have boiling oil poured over 
 them — Happy marriage. 
 
 KoRNEL KoYLOwsKi, Z?/^. Warsaw, 1867. No. Ill, pp. 300-304, 
 (Story of a Poor Girl who became Queen.) 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (tends 
 cattle) — Helpful animal (bull) opens oak-tree with his horns for 
 heroine to get food — Step-sister sent to mind cattle in heroine's 
 stead. Bull butts her — Slaying of helpful am'mal — Heroine 
 washes bull's paunch, finds golden apple inside ; loses it in the 
 grass; magic apple-tree grows from the spot ; heroine subsists on 
 the apples — Prince wants some of the apples ; his servant cannot 
 pick them ; step-sister tries, and fails. Tree bows down to heroine 
 — Happy marriage — Tree follows heroine — Heroine, after birth of 
 child, visits step-mother ; is killed and buried ; magic tree removes 
 to her grave and dies there — Step-sister impersonates heroine, 
 and goes to palace — Heroine visits palace by night ; bids cook 
 open window; suckles child. Third night king watches ; cook 
 holds heroine by plait ; she goes through series of transformations, 
 resumes original form — Judges make step-mother pronounce her 
 own and her daughter's sentence — Villain Nemesis. Stepmother 
 torn by iron harrows. Step-sister's hands cut off. 
 
 Variant of the above. Pp, 304-309. 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (minds 
 sheep) — Task: spinning — Task-performing animal (black lamb) 
 
 — Step-sisters sent in heroine's place; she refuses bread and 
 cheese to black lamb. Wolves ravage the flock ; only black lamb 
 left^Flock return for heroine— Slaying of helpful animal — 
 
D. — INDETERMINATE. 95 
 
 Heroine washes paunch ; finds knife and fork ; sticks one in each 
 window ; apple-tree and pear-tree grow from knife and fork — ■ 
 Prince wants to buy apples ; step-sister cannot pick them — 
 Heroine hidden under tub. Animal witness (cock) — Trees bow 
 down to heroine ; remove to palace with her — Happy marriage — 
 Heroine, after birth of child, visits step-mother ; step-sister stabs 
 her ; takes her place at palace — Heroine visits palace by night, 
 asks cook to give her child ; suckles it. Step-sister covers prince 
 with pall, that he shall hear nothing — Cook informs prince ; ser- 
 vant to hide in barrel and seize heroine. Prince recognises her — 
 False wife pronounces her own sentence — Villain Nemesis. 
 Step-sister torn to pieces. 
 
 Kropf and Jones, The Folk-tales of the Magyars. London, 1889. 24^ 
 Pp. 207-216. 
 
 " The Widower and his Daughter." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Gifts from father; 
 heroine chooses three walnuts — Tasks (grain sorting)— Task per- 
 forming animals (white pigeons) — Magic dresses inside walnuts 
 — Meeting-place (church)— Threefold flight —King's servants try 
 to follow heroine, and third time stick gold rose in gate-post to 
 mark her house. Step-sisters tell heroine of lovely lady at 
 church; they (i) remove ladder, (2) stick nails in hoarding, (3) 
 cut down mulberry tree, because heroine says she has mounted 
 these to watch lady leave church. Father removes heroine to 
 widow's cottage to escape ill-treatment. Prince visits house 
 marked by gold rose ; enquires for heroine, is shown step-sisters. 
 Gold rose goes before him to widow's cottage. He takes heroine 
 as his bride ; leaves her seated in willow tree by lake till he 
 returns with state robes and equipage. Meanwhile heroine dons 
 magic dress from walnut. Gypsies come and question her ; one 
 pushes her into lake and takes her place in tree. Heroine trans- 
 forms herself into gold duck. Prince returns ; gypsy imper- 
 sonates heroine, making excuse for sunburnt face ; urges prince 
 to shoot gold duck, but it dives and escapes. Prince is unhappy 
 with substituted bride, who to divert him announces great 
 feather-picking, which all attend. Gold duck has flown to 
 palace, and, in girl-form, taken service hard by. She attends 
 
96 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 feather-picking. King bids gypsy-bride tell work-people what 
 happened when step-sisters left her at home, and who helped her 
 sort wheat. Gypsy invents replies ; heroine says these are not 
 the truth, reveals herself and tells everything — Happy marriage 
 — Villain Nemesis (gypsy, step-mother, and step-sisters). 
 
 245 Fk- ]siA?>^o^?> y 'Lxe^o?,, Lo Rondallay re. Barcelona, 187 1. 
 Part I, pp. 97-100. No. XXII. 
 
 " La Fili.astra" (The Step-daughter). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother)— Menial heroine— Task, 
 
 to fill basket with river-water. Heroine enters giantesses' empty 
 house, tidies it, and prepares supper. Hides behind kneading- 
 trough — Animal witness (dog) — Giantesses begift heroine — Step- 
 sister goes to get basketful of water : disarranges empty house. 
 Dog reveals her hiding-place. Giantesses punish her — Heroine 
 driven from home ; found in forest by huntsmen, and taken to 
 king's son — Happy marriage. 
 
 246 Nerucci, Gherardo, Sessanta Novelle popolari Motitalesi. 
 
 Firenze, 1880. Pp. 280-285. Novella XXXII. 
 
 " La Ragazza Serpe." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother and step-sister) — Tasks: 
 spinning — Task-performing animal (cow)— Step-sister, learning 
 that one of the cows spins hemp, takes them to pasture, but beats 
 them, and hemp gets tangled — Heroine sent to steal gallonzoli 
 for step-sister ; pulls up turnip, releasing five toads, four of whom 
 begift her with beauty ; but one, whom she has let fall, curses her. 
 If sunlight falls on her, she shall become serpent, and only regain 
 human form if thrown in fire — Prince would wed heroine ; sends 
 closed carriage to fetch her. Step-mother bribes coachman to 
 admit sunlight — Transformation of heroine — Feast at palace. 
 Brushwood to heat oven conceals serpent — Re-transformation of 
 heroine — Recognition — Happy marriage. 
 
D. — INDETERMINATE. 9^ 
 
 Novella della Figlia del re di Dacia. Pisa, 1866. Introduction 247 
 by Wesselofsky, p. xxix. A Story from Piedmont. 
 
 " Marion de Bosch" (Maria Wood). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine — 1 ask 
 (spinning) — Task-performing animals (cows) — Madonna aid (in n . ^ ^ 
 form of old woman) — Heroine cleans old woman's hair; isi^(^ 
 rewarded with star on brow — Step-sister sent to do same ; gets 
 ass's tail on brow — Maoic dresses — Task (grain sorting) per- 
 formed by Madonna — Meeting-place (ball) — Threefold flight^ 
 Bran thrown to blind pursuers — Lovesick prince— Eecognition 
 food (prepared by heroine in wooden dress) contains ring given at 
 ball — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ortoli, J. B. Fred%ic, Les Contes populaires de T Ik de Corse. 248 
 Paris, 1883. Pp. 75-80. No. XII. 
 
 " Les Trois Oranges." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — Outcast heroine — 
 
 Heroine picks three oranges ; first contains tiny person, who asks 
 for drink, and empties well ; person in second orange drains 
 river ; fairy in third cannot exhaust sea, therefore befriends 
 heroine and gives her a castle — Fairy aid — Prince passing by 
 wants to marry heroine, though engaged to ugly step-sister — 
 Happy marriage— Villain Nemesis (step-mother and step-sister 
 die of envy). 
 
 Ortoli, op. cit. No. XIII. Pp. 81-88. 249 
 
 " Les Trois Pommes de Mariucella." 
 
 When heroine is weaned, mother disappears — Ill-treated 
 heroine (by step-mother) — Menial heroine (minds cows) — 
 Tasks : spinning — Task-performing animal (cow = Transformed 
 mother)— Spy on heroine — Slaying of helpful animal — Heroine 
 washes entrails containing three apples ; eats the first, throws 
 second on roof, and it becomes cock ; plants third, which grows 
 to magic apple-tree — Prince hears heroine singing ; sends ambas- 
 
 H 
 
98 CINDERELLA VARL^NTS. 
 
 sadors to fetch her — Heroine hidden in cask — Animal wi;^ness 
 (cock) — Heroine discovered in Magic dress — Villain Nemesis — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 250 Ibid. No. XIV. Pp. 88-108. 
 
 " DiTU MiGNiuLELLu" (Little Finger). 
 
 Heroine is the size of mother's Httle finger. Fairies begift her 
 at birth with beauty and lovely voice. When sixteen years old, 
 mother puts her under flower-pot. Prince hears lovely singing ; 
 takes heroine home in his pocket, promising to marry her. 
 Strikes her with (i) bridle, (2) spur, (3) whip, for asking to go 
 to ball — Fairy aid — Heroine transformed to ordinary stature — 
 Meeting-place (ball)— Token objects named — Threefold flight. 
 Heroine escapes unseen in diminutive form — Lovesick prince — 
 Recognition food, made by D. M., contains ring given at ball — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 251 SiiBiLLOT, Contes pop. de la Haute-Bretagne. Pans, 1880. Story 
 
 No. XXVII, pp. 174-179. 
 
 " Cesarine." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by mother) — Rank dresses and jewels from 
 father — (Heroine flight). She leaves home because parents dispute 
 about her — Heroine disguise (as peasant) — Menial heroine (goose 
 and turkey herd) — Heroine dons fine dresses whilst pasturing 
 flock; geese and turkeys sing in admiration. Prince spies — 
 Heroine discovered — Prince sees engraved on her necklet names 
 of her father the King of Castille, and of her lover, his friend — 
 He sets out to find friend, who cannot wed heroine ; obtains 
 consent to woo her ; returns and finds her ill and neglected in 
 her hut. His mother only convinced she is princess at sight of 
 jewels — Happy marriage. 
 
l/NIVE)RS/TY 
 
 D. — INDETERMINATE. 99 
 
 Societe de Litterature Finnoise. MS. Collections. By Elias 25S 
 Lonnrot. No. XXXIX. 1836. (From the Government of 
 Archangel.) 
 
 "Cinderella." 
 
 Elder sisters about to enter king's service, refuse to soil their 
 hands. Heroine shears ram, and gets wool ; milks cow, and gets 
 milk ; washes old man, who gives magic stick to open treasure- 
 rock— Menial heroine (cinder-sifter at palace) — Hearth abode — 
 Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold flight — Skin 
 dress (thrown over magic dress) torn by prince whilst heroine 
 searches his head. Fourth Sunday heroine fetches utensils from 
 treasure-rock to prepare dinner (Task) — Her superiority acknow- 
 ledged — Happy marriage. 
 
 Societe de Litterature Finnoise. MS. Collections. (Narrated by 25G 
 Tatjana Ignatjova, of Koitajarvi.) 
 
 *' The Swineherd." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by elder sisters) — Heroine called " Cinder- 
 ella". Elder sisters have washed their hands for six weeks to 
 make clothes for king; they refuse to (i) milk cow, (2) shear 
 sheep, (3) remove burning loaves, (4) help old man — Heroine 
 milks cow, and replaces pail on horns ; shears sheep, and gets 
 wool ; takes loaves out of oven, and piles them up ; helps old man 
 out of ditch, and receives magic stick to open treasure-stone — 
 Menial heroine (sifts cinders at palace) — Sisters object to her 
 eating with them ; abuse her — Magic dresses— Meeting-place 
 (church) — Threefold flight— Trap (not explained)— King's son 
 stops heroine's carriage ; gets in beside her — Happy marriage. 
 
 11 
 
 Otto Sutermeister, Kinder- mid Hausindrcheti aus der Schweiz. 25^ 
 Aarau, 1869. Pp. 110-112. 
 
 " Aschengrubel." 
 
 Parents leave heroine Magic dress and testament, which she 
 keeps in fir-tree — Menial heroine — Meeting-place (dancing- 
 green) — Herome has promised not to dance. Mistress's son falls 
 
 u 2 
 
lOO CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 in love with her — [Threefold flight] — Little man at fir-tree gives 
 testament as dowry to heroine. It proclaims her rich heiress — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 Volkskunde, ii, 201. 
 " Aschekladdeken" (Little Cinderella). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by sister )^Menial heroine ; polishes 
 hearth, which sister makes dirty directly after. Heroine weeps — 
 Old woman aid — Magic dresses from hollow tree —Meeting- 
 place (ball) — Lost shoe (second evening) found by sister — 
 Mutilated feet (sister's) — Heroine attends third ball, wearing 
 gold shoes. Sister is ill ; heroine considered a witch, and pushed 
 back into the hearth, where she is still. 
 
 Webster, Basque Legends. London 1877. Pp. 166-7. 
 " The Step-mother and the Step-daughter." 
 
 Heroine persuades widowed father to marry again — Step- 
 mother befriends heroine. Bids her enter palace at night and 
 steal (i) girdle, (2) watch-chain from sleeping king. Second 
 night heroine is alarmed and drops shoe. Lost shoe — Shoe 
 marriage test — Happy marriage. 
 
 257 Zitii^iLKLY.^ ( Tirols) Kinder- und Hausmdrchen. Innsbruck, 1852. 
 Story No. XVI, pp. 86-94. 
 
 " Hennenpfosl." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by parents)— Heroine flight— Rank 
 dresses hidden by heroine in rock hole — Heroine disguise (as 
 peasant)— Menial heroine (poultry-girl;— Meeting-place (ball) — 
 Threefold flight — Money thrown to guards — Recognition food 
 (containing ring given at third ball) — Happy marriage. 
 
D. INDETERMINATE. TOI 
 
 T>/>. The following approximate to the Catskin type : — 
 
 Sadok Baracz, Bajki^ fraszki, podania, etc. Tarnopol, 
 
 1866. Pp. 97-98. 
 
 " Kopciuszek" (Cinderella). 
 
 Heroine dislikes suitor chosen by father — Heroine disguise 
 (cloak) — Heroine flight — Menial heroine — Token objects — 
 Meeting-place (ball) — Threefold flight — Master recognises 
 heroine — Happy marriage. 
 
 [ Variant, p. 98. Heroine disguise (wolf-skin cloak) — Recog- 259 
 nition food.] 
 
 Busk, Folk-Jore of Rome. London, 1874. Tale No. X, pp. 66-84. 
 " Maria Wood." 
 
 Death-bed promise (that daughter shall wed whomsoever 
 deceased mother's ring fits). Devil as prince wooes heroine ; he 
 steals ring and proposes other tests instead — Fairy teacher aid 
 — Counter-tasks — Magic dresses — Heroine escapes from devil 
 after having taken ring from feather in his hat — Heroine's hiding 
 box (wooden figure). Charcoal-burners shelter heroine — Hunting 
 prince takes heroine to palace — Menial heroine — Meeting-place 
 (carnival dance) — At third dance she lets prince try on mother's 
 ring — Threefold flight — Peprls scattered to detain pursuers — 
 Lovesick prince — Recognition food — Vain search for herome — 
 Alchemist declares ring is of gold from afar; it belongs to princess 
 of high degree — Further search for heroine — Happy marriage. 
 
 Busk, Folk-lore of Rome. London, 1874. Tale No. X, p. 90. 
 " Maria Wood" (Third version). 
 
 Heroine refuses what king wishes ; she is to be dropped 
 from high tower. Servants spare her ; leave her in campagna in 
 Hiding-box — Hunting prince discovers heroine — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ik 
 
T02 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 262 Ibid. Tale No. XI, pp. 91-95. 
 
 " La Candeliera." 
 
 Heroine dislikes proposed husband — Counter-task — She de- 
 mands from father huge gold candelabrum ; tells chamberlain to 
 sell it ; hides herself in it — Heroine's hiding-box — Prince buys 
 candelabrum ; keeps it in his room. Heroine eats his food — 
 Heroine discovered — Happy marriage. 
 
 263 R. Chambers, Popular Rhymes of Scotland, 1870. Pp. 66-68. 
 
 " Rashie Coat." 
 
 Heroine dislikes proposed husband — Hen-wife aid— Counter- 
 tasks — Heroine disguise — Heroine flight — Menial heroine — 
 Fairy aid — Magic dresses — Meeting-place (church) — Threefold 
 flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test — Mutilated foot (hen- 
 wife's daughter's) — False bride — Animal witness (bird) — Happy 
 marriage. 
 
 264 Dizon, Ancient Poems, Ballads, and Songs of the Peasantry of 
 England. London, 1857. Pp. 1 15-122. 
 
 The Wandering Young Gentlewoman, or Catskin." 
 
 Outcast heroine because father is disappointed of heir— Heroine 
 disguise (catskin dress) — Menial heroine (scullion) — Bank 
 dresses hidden in out-house — Mistress strikes heroine with ladle ; 
 with skimmer; throws basin of water at her— Meeting-place (ball) 
 — Token objects named — Threefold flight — Young master tracks 
 her to out-house, seeks her in marriage, plans feigned illness — 
 Lovesick lord ; will only be nursed by Catskin— Happy marriage 
 — Father now bereft of wife and child seeks outcast daughter. 
 To test her love he comes as beggar ; is kindly received ; gives 
 rich dowry. 
 
■ 
 
 1). — INDETERMINATE. I03 
 
 II 
 
 Prof. Grundtvig's Unpublished Collections. (From 265 
 
 W. Jutland.) 
 
 " PiGEN MED Kragen^bskjolen" (The Girl with the Crow's-bill 
 
 gown). 
 Orphaned heroine dislikes proposed husband— Help at grave 
 (of parents) Voice bids her make gown of crow's bills, take 
 wishing-rod and escape to foreign land -Heroine disguise- 
 Heroine flight— Menial heroine— Prince throws comb, water-tub, 
 brush, at heroine-Magic dresses-Meeting-place (ball)-Token 
 objects [except brush] named - Threefold flight -Lovesick 
 prince, is watched in turn by servants ; is enraged at sight of 
 heroine. Disguise removed ; recognition— Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid. (From North Sleswick.) 266 
 
 " Kragerunpels" (Crow-mantle). 
 
 Heroine, Danish princess, may not wed her lover, English 
 prince— Help at grave (mother's)— Countertasks (from father) 
 —Rank dresses, and crowskin gown— Heroine flight to England ; 
 magic formula-Menial heroine (kitchen-maid) -Meeting-place 
 (church)— Threefold flight— Lost shoe and half of finger-rmg 
 obtained by prince-Recognition food contains other half of ring 
 
 -Happy marriage. 
 
 Halliwell. Nursery Rhymes of England. 267 
 
 " The Story of Catskin." 
 Outcast heroine, because father is disappointed of heir- 
 Heroine disguise(catskin dress)-Rank dresses hidden m forest- 
 Menial herome (scullion)-Cook throws basin of water at heroine ; 
 beats her with ladle; with skimmer-Meeting-place (ball)-Token 
 objects named- Threefold flight-Third time young lord follows 
 heroine, hides in forest and spies-Lovesick lord-will only be 
 nursed by Catskin-Happy marriage- Mother-in-law taunts 
 heroine with poor parentage.-Husband seeks her father who, 
 now bereft of wife and children, joyfully owns outcast daughter. 
 
I04 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 268 Christian Schneller, Mdrchen und Sagen aus WahchtiroL 
 Innsbriick, 1867. No. XXIV, pp. 59-63. 
 
 " Aschenbrodel." 
 
 Gifts chosen from dying father ; heroine gets magic sword, and 
 sets out to seek a husband— Menial heroine (takes service 
 opposite palace) — Heroine falls in love with young Count — 
 Menial heroine (kitchen-maid at palace) — Hearth abode— Magic 
 dresses, obtained by means of sword— Meeting-place (ball) — 
 Heroine struck with (i) shovel, (2) tongs. Token objects named 
 — Threefold flight — Lovesick prince — Eecognition food, con- 
 tains ring slipt on heroine's finger at third ball — Happy marriage. 
 
 J 
 
 269 YiSY^^Tim, Fiabe Mantovane. Roma, 1879. No. XXXVIII, 
 
 pp. 177-81. 
 "The Bear." 
 
 Heroine, greatly beloved by father, is never allowed to go out 
 — Witch nurse aid — (Counter-tasks) ; heroine asks father for 
 wooden den and bearskin — Heroine disguise — Heroine flight — 
 Hunting prince takes heroine to palace — Magic dresses, procured 
 by means of wand — Meeting-place (ball) — Threefold flight — 
 Prince follows; is detained by (i) thick mist, (2) heavy deluge, 
 (3) furious wind — Lovesick prince— Recognition food contains 
 ring given at third ball — Happy marriage. 
 
 270 Zingerle, Kinder- und Hausmarchen aus Sitddeutschland. 
 Regensburg, 1854. Pp. 231-35. 
 
 " Der gehende Wagen." 
 Heroine dislikes suitor proposed by father— Countertasks— 
 Magic dresses— Heroine flight in carriage which travels at com- 
 mand—Dresses hidden in hollow oak — Heroine disguise (mouse- 
 skin dress) — Menial heroine (kitchen-maid) —Meeting-place 
 (ball)— Threefold flight— Heroine escapes through back door to 
 oak. At third ball, when guards surround castle, she is seen 
 entering garret — Heroine discovered — Happy marriage. 
 
D. INDETERMINATE. jqc 
 
 The following are not referable to any distinct type: — 
 
 J. B. Andrews, Conies Ligures. Paris, 1892. Pp. 126-131. 271 
 No. XXVIII. (From Mentone; told by Louisa Aprosio.) 
 
 " Le Pays des Brides." 
 
 Heroine is daughter of exiled prince ; must earn her living — 
 Sorceress-godmother aid — Magic dresses in nuts — Menial 
 heroine (in nobleman's service) — Meeting-place (baU) — Heroine 
 neglects to get horse ready; master's son strikes her with (i) 
 bridle, (2) saddle, (3) stirrups — Token objects named — Threefold 
 flight — ^Heroine strikes master's son with whip ; throws sand in 
 his eyes — Love-sick prince — [Recognition food] — Heroine asks 
 to prepare food ; is not allowed ; dons magic dress ; appears to 
 invalid — Happy marriage. 
 
 J. B. Andrews, Conies Ligures. Paris, 1892. Pp. 149-15 1. 272 
 No. XXXIII. (From Mentone; told by Marie Alavena.) 
 
 " Marie Robe de Bois." 
 
 Sorceress-godmother invites heroine to live with her — [Counter- 
 tasks] — She must first get Magic dresses from father — Heroine 
 disguise (wooden dress) — Heroine, forgetting injunction, exclaims, 
 " Jesus, Marie !" is thrown by sorceress-godmother into king's 
 garden ; eats oranges ; is discovered by prince ; implores king's 
 pardon — Menial Heroine (poultry-girl) — Meeting-place (ball) — 
 [Threefold flight] — Love-sick prince — Recognition food (con- 
 tains three rings given at three balls) — Happy marriage. 
 
 Jon Arnason, Icelandic Legends. Translated by Powell and 273 
 Magniisson. Second Series. London, 1866. Pp. 490-98. 
 
 "The Tale of how three Damsels went to fetch Fire." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by parents and elder sisters) — Eldest 
 sister, sent to fetch fire, returns without it, after having disregarded 
 voice, damaged food in cave, and kicked dog, who has thereupon 
 bitten off her hand. Second sister acts similarly, and dog bites 
 
 lb 
 
Io6 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 off her nose — Heroine replies civilly to voice, cooks food, eating 
 none till giant gives permission. Being terrified in dog's lair, 
 heroine rests at giant's side. Giant thereupon transformed to 
 prince. Heroine burns troll's-shape, breaking spell. Prince 
 gives heroine shining tunic to wear beneath rags, and costly attire, 
 which sisters afterwards take away from her — Heroine returns 
 home with fire — Prince, as master of vessel, comes to fetch 
 heroine. Elder sisters, attired in heroine's finery, are shown 
 him; he detects loss of hand and nose. Heroine fetched. 
 Prince tears off rags, revealing tunic — Villain Nemesis. Elder 
 sisters are stripped of finery, and given heroine's rags — Happy 
 marriage. 
 
 274 Balfour, Mrs., Unpublished Story from Lincolnshire. 
 
 " Tattercoats." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine by grandfather, because of her resemblance 
 to mother who died at her birth. She spends her days with 
 goose-herd, her greatest friend. Grandfather goes to meet king. 
 Heroine weeps that she may not go too. Herd-boy proposes to 
 take her. On the way a rich youth (who is king's son) enquires of 
 them the way to king ; falls in love with Tattercoats and wants 
 to marry her. Persuades her to go that night to ball with her 
 geese, and in torn petticoat with bare feet, and promises to dance 
 with her— Meeting-place (ball). Herd-boy plays his pipe, and 
 heroine's rags become silk, and gold crown sits on her golden 
 hair; geese are transformed to page-boys bearing her train — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 275 Blade, Contes populaires agenais. Paris, 1874. Pp. 1-8. 
 
 " Peau d'Ane." 
 
 Voice from nut-tree threatens father if he does not give one of 
 his three daughters to marry king of France. Eldest daughter 
 refuses — Voice threatens again. Second daughter refuses — 
 Voice threatens third time. Youngest daughter consents condi- 
 tionally— Comiter-tasks— Magic dresses— Heroine also demands 
 gold plate, goblet, knife and fork, and golden spinning instru- 
 ments—King leaves bride after church ceremony. If he should 
 
D. INDETERMINATE. I07 
 
 not return in nine years she must seek him — After eight years 
 and one month bride begins quest. Finds ass skin — Heroine 
 disguise — Washerwomen direct her to church where king of 
 France is being married. — As recompense heroine washes sooty 
 cloth white — Heroine meets king leaving church ; asks if he 
 remembers what he said to her father. Priest adjures him to 
 confess if previously married. King says no. Bride engages 
 heroine as turkey-girl — Menial heroine — Heroine bribes queen 
 with golden gifts and magic dresses, and three nights sleeps with 
 king, who has had sleeping draughts and does not hear her 
 questions. Third night he has less potent draught and replies. 
 Queen sent to her own home with bribes — Happy marriage. 
 
 Jean FRAN901S Blade, Contes populaires de la Gascogne. 
 Paris, 1886. Vol. i, pp. 267-74. 
 
 "Peau d'Ane." 
 (This version resembles the above.) 
 
 August Bondeson, Historiegubbar p& Dal. 276 
 
 Stockholm, 1886. P. 22. 
 
 " Prinsassan I Jordkulan" (The Princess in the Cave). 
 
 Heroine may not wed prince ; king shuts her up in cave with 
 seven maidens, a dog, and victuals for seven years. She digs 
 way out; rides on bear to charcoal-burners — Menial heroine 
 (poultry-girl at castle) — Bride sends heroine to church in her 
 stead ; cannot afterwards repeat words said on the way, or show 
 gold chain which prince has locked round heroine's neck — 
 Recognition — Happy marriage. 
 
 'Q'^A\j'iiS, Japanische Marchen und Sagen. Leipzig, 1885. Pp. 74-8. 277 
 
 " The Girl with the Wooden Bowl." 
 
 Dying mother puts wooden bowl on daughter's head to hide 
 her extreme beauty. Bids her never take it off. Heroine dis- 
 guise — Menial Heroine — Master's son peeps beneath bowl ; falls 
 
To8 ' CINDERET.T.A VARIANTS. 
 
 in love with heroine. She will not marry him. Mother-help in 
 dream — Heroine now consents to marriage ; but bowl cannot be 
 removed — Happy marriage — At wedding-feast bowl bursts and 
 falls to the ground. The pieces are transformed to precious 
 stones and rare jewels. 
 
 278 CoELHO, Contos poptclares Portuguezes. Lisbon, 1879. Story. 
 
 No. XXXI, p. 75. 
 
 " Pelle-de-Cavallo" (Horse-skin). 
 
 Widower wishing to marry again gets rid of three daughters by 
 shutting them up in tower. Eldest daughters die of starvation ; 
 youngest signals to ship and is rescued by captam— Old woman 
 aid — Menial heroine (carries water for king) — Heroine disguise 
 (horse-skin) — Heroine dresses for three balls in elder sisters' 
 clothes — Meeting-place (ball) — Lovesick prince — Recognition 
 food (containing ring given at third ball)— Happy marriage. 
 
 279 CoLSHORN, Mdrchen und Sagen. Hanover, 1854. No. XLIV, 
 
 pp. 143-47- 
 
 "ASCHENPOLING." 
 
 No one will be godmother to heroine, whose parents have 
 eleven sons, and are poor. Old woman appears to father ; stands 
 godmother ; fetches child away in year-and-half, brings her up in 
 house in forest. When heroine is fifteen, old woman leaves her 
 for three days. Forbidden chamber entered ; heroine drops 
 thimble in cask of human blood ; cannot remove stain. She 
 must leave old woman, who gives her wishing-box. Hunting 
 prince takes heroine to palace— Menial heroine — Magic dresses 
 — Meeting-place (ball) — Threefold flight — Lovesick prince — 
 Heroine quest — Recognition food— Happy marriage. 
 
 280 Danske FolkecEventyr^ optegnede af Folkeminde-Samfundets. 
 Medlemmer, 1888. P. 240. No. XXXVII. 
 
 " Prinsessen I Hojen" (The Princess in the Hillock). 
 
 (This story resembles No. 283, which see. Heroine's name 
 also " Guldtaerning".) 
 
•INDETERMINATE. 1 09 
 
 Okadi, Saggio di letturc varle per t gmiani. Torino, 1865. 281 
 No. IV, pp. 141-157- 
 
 " L'ISABELLUCCIA." 
 
 Heroine persuades widowed father to marry her widowed 
 governess ; afterwards to admit her daughter — Ill-treated heroine 
 (by step-mother) — Menial heroine — Heroine has fish to cook ; a 
 red-and-gold fish sHps from her hand into sink ; bids her not 
 weep at loss ; gives her pomegranate and tells her when in need 
 to come to sea-shore and repeat verse. Heroine stands on balcony 
 to eat pomegranate ; it falls from her hand into garden which 
 adjoins king's garden. Next morning a tree has sprung up where 
 it fell, bearing yellow and red apples. King would know when 
 and by whom tree was planted ; orders pomegranates to be 
 picked ; no one can reach them. Sage informs king that en- 
 chanted fruit can only be plucked by one destined to be his 
 bride — Fruit-picking Marriage test. Tree bows down to heroine 
 who is to be king's bride. Heroine's father now dead, step-mother 
 persuades king to let her live with heroine. Hides own daughter 
 in carriage and on way to palace, pulls out heroine's eyes and 
 flings her under carriage — Substituted bride — Heroine wanders to 
 village, exchanges clothes with shepherdess, who leads her to sea- 
 shore. Heroine repeats verse, fish appears, bids her go to 
 neighbouring town with basket of apricots. Step-mother wants 
 to buy them for daughter who craves them ; heroine only parts 
 with them in exchange for an eye. Step-mother gives one which 
 she has torn from heroine ; fish replaces it in orbit, and bids her 
 sell figs for other eye. Fish replaces second eye, and sends 
 heroine to buy old woman skin, put it on, and seek lodging at 
 palace. Heroine cuts off fish's head by request, re-transforming 
 him to handsome youth who gives her magic wand and vanishes. 
 Heroine is refused admittance at palace till king orders it — 
 Meeting-place (ball)^Magic dresses (by means of wand)^Two- 
 fold flight— Thick mist hides heroine from pursuers — Lovesick 
 prince — Recognition food (contains ring given at ball) — Prince 
 proclaims her his true wife ; exposes imposture. Heroine would 
 pardon step-mother and step-sister, but court advise retaliation — 
 Happy marriage — ^ Villain Nemesis (eyes put out): "" ~^- — 
 
 ik 
 
CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 282 Prof. Grundtvig's Unpublished Collections. (From North 
 
 Jutland.) 
 
 " Prinsesse Tr^troje" (Princess Wooden-cloak). 
 
 Princess may not marry her choice ; is sent to wilderness — 
 Outcast heroine — Menial heroine (takes service in lover's palace) 
 — Prince to wed old princess when she has finished her web : 
 Woodencloak finishes it. Bride cannot wear wedding-gown ; 
 sends Woodencloak as bride. Prince gives her an apple and 
 gold ring; asks these from old princess in the evening. She 
 must go to Woodencloak, who in the end becomes queen — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 283 ^- Orh^dtyio, Gamle Danske Minder i Foikejfiunde. 1857. II. 
 
 P. 24. (From Thy, Jutland.) 
 
 " Guldt^rning" (Gold Dice). 
 
 King goes to war, leaving three daughters in mound with vic- 
 tuals for seven years. Father slain, princesses forgotten. Dog 
 and cat eaten ; elder sisters die. Heroine eats mouse ; -digs way 
 out — Menial heroine (gooseherd ; cook at father's palace) — New 
 king's bride sends heroine to church in her stead ; cannot presently 
 repeat to bridegroom things said on way to church, nor return 
 glove given as pledge ; brings heroine under her cloak to restore 
 glove. Prince holds heroine fast — Happy marriage — Villain 
 Nemesis. 
 
 284 "6. {jRV'UDTYiGj Gamle Danske Minder i Folkemunde. 1857. II. 
 157. (From Vendsyssel, Jutland.) 
 
 " Prinsessen pa Oen" (The Princess on the Island). 
 
 English prince woos Danish princess ; may not have her. War 
 ensues. Danish king walls up heroine with seven maidens on 
 island with provisions for seven years. King slain ; heroine for- 
 gotten. Maidens in turn all killed and eaten. Heroine eats dog 
 and cat, then mice, hanging mouse-skins on strings. Gets out of 
 castle ; signals to ship ; is rescued and landed at capital — Menial 
 heroine (scullery-maid at father's palace) — New king will wed 
 anyone who can finish web (heroine's) — Duke's daughter tries ; 
 
D. INDETERMINATE. Ill 
 
 heroine finishes web for her. Bride, afraid to ride heroine's 
 horse to church, bribes heroine to go in her stead ; cannot 
 presently repeat to bridegroom things said on way to church, nor 
 return his gold gloves; brings heroine into darkened room to 
 restore gloves. Prince holds her fast — Happy marriage. 
 
 GU13ERNATIS, Le NovelUm di Santo Stefano. Torino, 1869. 285 
 No. IX, pp. 29-30. 
 
 "Le Oche" (The Geese). 
 
 Heroine dresses in dead mother's skin to hide her extreme 
 beauty — Heroine disguise — Menial heroine (gooseherd) — 
 Heroine mounts tower to doff disguise \ geese see her and sing. 
 Cook overhears ; spies at key-hole at night ; tells prince. Cook 
 steals skin from under bolster — Heroine discovered — Happy 
 marriage. 
 
 Ibid, No. XII, pp. 32-35. 286 
 
 " The Cruel Stepmother." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother) — King is absent, step- 
 mother sends heroine to forest with assassins. They spare her; ' 
 delude queen with heart and eyes of lamb, and blood-stained 
 dress. Assassins treacherously killed. Feigned mourning for 
 heroine — Old woman aid — Queen informed that heroine has 
 been seen at window, offers witch reward to kill her. Heroine 
 disregards old woman's injunction, and admits beggar (witch) 
 who gives her nosegay and necklet of flowers which send her into 
 trance. Old woman puts her in coffin, lights four candles and 
 abandons house. Hunting prince finds and tries to resuscitate 
 beautiful corpse. Takes coffin to his own room in palace. 
 Mother persuades him to leave it to give audience ; meanwhile 
 she enters room with two maidens. They remove nosegay and 
 necklet ; corpse comes to life — Happy marriage — Parents bidden 
 to wedding — Villain Nemesis (step-mother burnt). 
 
112 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 287 Th. S. KAUKEifASy I/ardanger ; JVa fur, Folkeliv, Folketro. VII. 
 
 1891. Pp. 579-588. 
 
 "Annemor" (Anna-mother = Anna darling). 
 
 Heroine's share of food always gets lost ; father exposes her in 
 forest because god-forsaken and luckless — Hill-man aid — Menial 
 heroine (at palace)— Prince strikes her with clogs — Magic dresses, 
 and brass, silver, gold, goats to ride, from hill man — Meeting- 
 place (church) ; (three gatherings for prince to choose bride) — 
 Threefold flight — Second meeting-place (ball) — Heroine wears 
 rags over magic dress ; dances with prince^Happy marriage^ 
 Heroine sees her past life in magic mirror ; pretends her laughter 
 is because king's castle stands on brazen pillars, while her father's 
 stands on pillars of gold. Prince would see it. Hill-man shows 
 heroine where to find such a castle, which is to be her dowry. 
 
 288 Household Stories fr 07)1 the Land of Hofer. London, 187 1. P. 158. 
 
 " Klein-Else." 
 
 Father, defeated in battle and mortally wounded, directs 
 heroine to escape— Heroine disguise (rags) — Heroine flight — 
 Knight-aid— He bids rock open disclosing treasure, which heroine 
 may use — He will return in seven years, and she must by no 
 means have forgotten his name — Menial heroine (poultry-maid 
 at nobleman's castle) — Magic dresses (from rock) — Meeting 
 place (church) — Threefold flight — Money scattered to hinder 
 pursuit— Lovesick baron, will eat nothing but pancakes — Cook's 
 pancakes are burned; heroine's are used — Recognition food 
 (contains ring slipt on heroine's finger at church, and diamond 
 ring taken from rock) — Heroine appears before baron in state 
 after visiting rock — Happy marriage^ — The seven years pass, 
 mysterious knight returns. Heroine has forgotten his name. He 
 takes her to rock, which opens and, in place of treasure, discloses 
 all the misery she might have relieved. Husband finds dead 
 body of heroine kneeling beside treasure-rock. 
 
D. INDETERMINATE. 
 
 iJ^3 
 
 Kristofer Janson, Folke-eventyr uppskrivne i Sandeherad. 289 
 Kristiania, 1878. No. Ill, p. 13. 
 
 " KoNGSDOTTERi I Haugen" (King's Daughter in the Mound). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by witch step-mother) ; forbidden to marry 
 prince ; shut up for seven years in underground cave. Heroine 
 ties gold and silver thread round roots of lime-tree. Wolf falls 
 through roof of cave ; heroine dragged out by wolf. Horse waiting 
 to carry her to castle — Menial heroine (kitchen-maid) — Witch's 
 daughter sends heroine to church in her stead as prince's bride ; 
 cannot presently return glove to prince ; brings heroine to stretch 
 out hand, which prince holds fast — Happy marriage — Villain 
 Nemssis (step-mother and step-sister thrown into cave). 
 
 J. Kamp, Danske Folkeceventyr. 1879. P. 34. No. III. 290 
 
 (From Sealand.) 
 
 " Kongedatteren I Hojen" (The King's Daughter in the Hill). 
 
 King adopts nephew as successor, betrothing him to daughter 
 — King slain in battle. Sorceress step-mother entraps heroine 
 into hill chamber, shutting her in with seven maidens. Wolf 
 brings them food. One maiden dies every year. Heroine, left 
 alone, gets out by aid of wolf — [Helpful animal] — Is carried into 
 forest, where charcoal-burner's wife succours her — Menial heroine 
 (spinning-maid at palace) — New king betrothed to sorceress's 
 daughter, who must weave, sew, and ride, to prove her abilities. 
 Heroine exchanges clothes with step-sister, and passes tests. 
 Bride sends heroine to church in her stead— [Animal witness]. 
 Cuckoo discloses bride's shame. Bride cannot presently repeat 
 to bridegroo-m things said on way to church, nor return ring 
 King finds her struggling to get it from heroine — Recognition of 
 princess, supposed dead — Happy marriage — Villain Nemesis 
 (step-mother and step-sister). 
 
114 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 291 E. T. Kristensen, ^j-/^^ Folkeminder, v, p. 62. No. VIII. 
 
 (From Jutland.) 
 
 Prinsessen I Hojen" (The Princess in the Mound). 
 
 Princess betrothed to prince ; their fathers disagree and go to 
 war. Heroine with two maids and dog shut up in mound with 
 provisions for three years. Both kings killed ; heroine forgotten; 
 prince reigns. Heroine eats dog; maids die. Wolf scratches 
 hole in mound ; heroine rides on its back ; is found in forest by 
 charcoal-burner, whom she serves — Menial heroine (at betrothed's 
 palace) — Prince's bride sends heroine to church in her stead ; at 
 feast cannot repeat to bridegroom the things said on way to 
 church, nor show ring. She brings heroine beneath her cloak to 
 stretch out hand wearing ring. Prince seizes heroine's hand. 
 Explanation — Happy marriage. 
 
 292 E. T. Kristensen, Jyske Folkeminder, v, p. 68. No. IX. 
 
 " Karl Finkelfaders Datter." 
 
 Father goes to war, leaving heroine with dog and cat inside 
 mound, and with provisions for seven years. Father is killed, and 
 heroine forgotten. Victuals failing, she cats dog and cat, then lives 
 on mice, making cloak of their skins. Digs way out of mound ; 
 leaves some mouse-skins on sticks round it — Heroine disguise 
 (mouse-skin cloak) — Menial heroine (cook at father's palace) — 
 New king and his betrothed cannot unlock palace doors ; heroine 
 knows keys — Bride changes clothes with heroine, whom she sends 
 to church in her stead to marry king, appearing herself at wed- 
 ding feast. At night betrothed must repeat to bridegroom what 
 she said on way to church ; consults cook. Must return glove 
 given as pledge ; heroine will only deliver it up to bridegroom, 
 who seizes her hand stretched out from behind betrothed — Happy- 
 marriage. 
 
D. — INDETERMINATE. II5 
 
 MoLBECH, Udvalgte Eventyr, vol. i, p. iii. 1854. No. XXI. 293 
 (From Jutland.) 
 
 " PiGEN I Museskindspelsen" (The Girl in the Mouse-skin 
 
 Cloak). 
 
 Squire builds chamber in mound for daughter during war ; 
 shuts her in it for seven years. Heroine makes herself gold and 
 silver dresses ; then, victuals failing, digs way out. Dog catches 
 mice, which she eats, making cloak of skins — Heroine disguise 
 (mouse-skin cloak) — Menial heroine (scullery-maid at old home) 
 — New squire about to be married. Bride, being in love with 
 another, persuades heroine to go to church in her stead ; cannot 
 show wedding-ring to bridegroom during dance ; fetches heroine 
 to stretch out hand in dark passage. Bridegroom holds her 
 fast. Heroine drops disguise, appearing in gold dress — Happy 
 marriage. Betrothed marries own lover. 
 
 MtJLLENHOFF, Sagen, Mdrchen und Lieder der Herzogthumer 294 
 Schleswig-Holstein und Lauenburg. Kiel, 1845. -^P- 39 ^■394' 
 No. V. (From Meldorf ) 
 
 "JUNGFER MaLEEN." 
 
 Princess walled up in high tower with chambermaid and pro- 
 visions for seven years, that she shall not marry prince. Mean- 
 while father defeated and driven from kingdom ; country laid 
 waste — Escape of heroine and maid from tower — Menial heroine 
 (kitchenmaid at lover's palace) — Prince about- to be married. 
 Bride, ashamed of her ugliness, makes heroine go to church in 
 her stead ; cannot presently repeat to bridegroom things said on 
 vray to church, nor show necklace given as pledge. Is made to 
 confess, and sent to fetch heroine ; gives order for her to be 
 beheaded instead. Prince rescues heroine, recognising her by 
 means of necklace — Happy marriage — Villain Nemesis. 
 
 I 2 
 
Il6 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 296 Pitre'j Fiabe novelle e racconti popolari Siciliafti, vol. i. 
 
 Story No. XLII, p. 368. 
 
 " Grattula-Beddattula" (Fair Date). 
 
 Merchant, called away on business, walls up his three daughters 
 in house with plentiful provisions against his return. Servant to 
 take orders from window —Gifts chosen by daughters. The 
 branch of dates in silver vase promised to heroine, forgotten by 
 father, whose boat is tempest-tossed and cannot proceed till he 
 gets it. Meanwhile eldest sister drops thimble into well ; heroine 
 is let down to recover it. Finds her way to magic garden ; 
 gathers flowers and fruits ; bids sisters draw her up again. 
 Garden belongs to prince of Portugal, who blames gardener for 
 havoc done. Heroine importunes sisters to let her down next 
 day ; returns with more spoil. But prince has caught sight of 
 her. He lies in ambush next day; she hears him move, is 
 alarmed and has only just time to leap through hole into well — 
 Lovesick prince — Proclamation that ♦parents of all ranks must 
 bring their daughters to three days' festival on pain of death — 
 Heroine will not go with sisters ; bids merchant say he has only 
 two daughters. Left alone, heroine prays to "Fair date" — Fairies 
 appear, dress her in Magic dresses and send her to palace — 
 Meeting-place (ball) — Prince recognises her but can get no 
 information from her— Twofold flight — Pursuers detained with 
 (i) pearls and jewels which heroine shakes from her hair, (2) bags 
 of money which bruise their faces — At third ball king detains 
 heroine and insists she shall marry his son. Merchant is pardoned 
 for disobeying mandate — Happy marriage. 
 
 296 Ibid., vol. i, p. 388. Variant of No. XLIII. 
 
 " Truvaturedda" (Trovatorella). 
 
 Heroine disguise (tree-trunk) — Menial heroine (tends poultry) 
 — Hearth abode — Magic dresses (obtained from three enchanted 
 balls of thread)— Meeting-place (ball) — Heroine robs prince of 
 three diamonds ; their loss makes him ill. (Lovesick prince) — 
 Recognition food. 
 
D. INDETERMINATE. II7 
 
 Bernhard Schmidt, Griechische Mcirchen, Sagen imd Volkslieder. 
 Leipzig, 1877. Pp. 93-98. No. XII. (From Zakynthos.) 
 
 "The Dragon." 
 
 King, following hunted stag into magic garden, is entrapped 
 by dragon ; must promise a daughter in his stead. Youngest 
 daughter consents to marry dragon in order to liberate father. 
 Heroine enters forbidden chamber ; finds prince in a deep pit, 
 rescues him, making him promise to bring gold chest to dragon's 
 palace, that she may escape in it. Prince's mother gives him 
 kiss of oblivion ; but goldsmith has made chest and tries to 
 dispose of it. Heroine buys it, bidding goldsmith fetch it in two 
 months' time and take it to prince. Heroine's hiding-box. 
 Heroine eats prince's food — Surprise rencontre — Prince goes to 
 war ; his aunt borrows chest ; heroine, hearing it is to be thrown 
 on the fire, gets out, and turns into bird — Prince returns, finds 
 chest empty — Lovesick prince — Bird flies in at window; is 
 retransformed — Happy marriage — Villain Nemesis. Aunt and 
 her daughter, who wanted to wed prince, are beheaded. 
 
 ScHOTT, Walachische Mdrchen. Stuttgart and Tubingen, 1845. 298 
 Story No. IV, pp. 100-105. 
 
 " The Princess Goosegirl." 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother). She is imprisoned and 
 starved; after three days step-mother sends her jug of water 
 containing young snake, which heroine swallows unawares. It 
 grows inside her — Outcast heroine — Father gives her twelve 
 costly dresses, all of which she must wear under wooden cloak — 
 Heroine disguise — Menial heroine (goose-herd at palace) — 
 Reapers see her take off disguise and dresses to bathe ; report 
 to prince, who watches from behind bush. Sees her fall asleep 
 after bathing and huge snake crawl out of her mouth. Throws 
 his ring at it ; drives it away. Heroine picks up ring on waking. 
 Is met presently by prince and asked about ring on finger. She 
 would restore it to him but he begs her to keep it and become 
 his wife. They are married secretly without king's consent. 
 Heroine still wears disguise— Meeting-place (chm-ch)— Twofold 
 
Il8 CINDERELLA VARLVNTS. 
 
 flight— Watch set at church doors on third day by prince's father, 
 who would discover who unknown beauty is. Prince presents 
 her to him as the goose-girl, his wooden bride— Happy marriage 
 (celebrated)— Heroine's father invited— Villain Nemesis (step- 
 mother). 
 
 299 Skaitegraveren, ix, p. 185. No. 566. (From Jutland.) 
 
 "Princessen I Hulen" (The Princess in the Cave). 
 
 Prince woos heroine ; goes to war with king, her father — 
 Heroine and maid shut up in underground chamber with pro- 
 visions for seven years. King slain ; castle burned down ; but 
 heroine's unfinished web rescued. New king will wed anyone 
 who can finish it — Heroine catches mice for food ; gets out of 
 cave — Menial heroine begs at new king's castle ; finishes web for 
 sorceress; goes to church in her stead. Sorceress cannot pre- 
 sently repeat to bridegroom things said on way to church, nor 
 return glove ; persuades heroine to enter dark room and stretch 
 out hand holding glove. King holds her fast^Happy marriage 
 — ^Villain Nemesis. 
 
 300 Soc. de Litt. Finn. MS. Collections. By P. A. Paldani. 
 No. I, 16. (From Ylojarvi, in West Finland, 1852.) 
 
 "The Servants' Places." 
 
 Two girls go as king's servants. First meets (i) ram, and will 
 not shear it, (2) cow, and will not milk it, (3) old man, and will 
 not comb him, (4) well, and will not cleanse it, because she has 
 washed hands and feet for three days. Talking-bird at palace 
 foretells her doom. She disobeys, and enters guarded room full 
 of bones and blood, second room full of pain and woe. In 
 third room is set Task, to prepare dinner from eight grains, three 
 peas, and eight grains of salt. Begrudges salt to white-haired 
 old man ; he eats it all. She cannot make dinner ; is slain in 
 room of bones and blood. Heroine milks cow, shears ram, 
 combs old man's hair, cleanses well, and reaches palace. Talk- 
 ing-bird prophesies happiness. Heroine finds gold and silver in 
 first room. Is set same task ; gives salt to old man ; prepares 
 excellent dinner; is installed in gold-and-silver room. 
 
D. — INDETERMINATE. 
 
 119 
 
 MijAT Stojanovic, Narodtte Pripoviedke. Zagabria (Agram), 301 
 1879. Pp. iisff. 
 
 " KcERKA I Pastorka" (Daughter and Step-daughter). 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by step-mother)— Father persuaded to lead 
 heroine to forest — Tasks, strawberry-picking, spinning — Heroine 
 passes night in cottage, Hghts the fire, and cooks — Helpful 
 animal (mouse), in return for food, helps heroine to outwit bear, 
 with whom she must play at blind-man's buff. Heroine receives 
 riches and hors.es as prize for winning game — Animal witness 
 (dog) announces heroine's return with gifts — Step-mother, jealous, 
 sends own daughter to forest. She drives mouse away, and is 
 devoured by bear — Animal witness (dog) announces return of 
 father from fetching woman's daughter, carrying her bones in a 
 sack — Villain Nemesis. Step-mother dies of grief — Happy- 
 marriage. 
 
 B. Thorpe, Yule-tide Stories. London, 1888. Pp. 236-244. 302 
 (From South Smaland.) 
 
 "The Princess in the Cavern." 
 
 King shuts heroine in cavern with maid, dog, cock, and pro- 
 visions for seven years — King killed during war — Herome gets 
 out of cavern ; lives with charcoal-burner. Sets out to seek ser- 
 vice. Gives dog to wolf, and is helped over sea — Menial heroine 
 (waiting-maid at palace of betrothed) — Prince to wed anyone who 
 can finish princess's ( ^ heroine's) web, and wash stains from 
 kerchief. Heroine performs tasks for mistress ; must go to 
 church in her stead. Bride cannot presently repeat to prince 
 words said on way to church, or show girdle which only he can 
 unclasp from heroine's waist. Heroine sent for ; recognised — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 Thorpe, Yule-tide Stories, pp. 375-380. 303 
 
 "The Girl clad in Mouse-skin." 
 Father goes to war, leaving heroine and dog inside mound 
 which she may not leave for seven years. Heroine and dog live 
 on mice, of whose skins she makes cloak to cover gold dress. 
 
I20 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Lacking food she digs way out of mound when seven years have 
 well-nigh passed. Heroine disguise — Menial heroine, takes 
 service at father's old home, where preparations are being made 
 for wedding of new owner. Bride persuades heroine to don 
 bridal dress in her stead, that bride may marry man she loves. 
 After church ceremony they exchange dresses again, but heroine 
 retains ring on finger. At wedding-ball bridegroom misses ring 
 from bride's finger. She runs to heroine, who will only stretch 
 forth hand in dark. Bridegroom drags her into ball-room ; sees 
 girl in mouse-skin dress. Heroine casts off disguise, appears in 
 gold dress, and tells her story— Happy marriage. 
 
 304 \Y EBSTER, Basque Legends. London, 1877, Pp. 158-165. 
 
 " Ass-skin.' 
 
 Ill-treated heroine (by employers). Heroine is trusted servant 
 to king and queen. Treasury is robbed and heroine unjustly 
 accused and condemned to death. Assassins spare her and 
 delude king with heart of ass — Heroine disguise (ass-skin) — 
 Menial heroine (goose-girl) at palace — Old woman aid— Magic 
 dresses— Meeting-place (ball) — Token objects named — Three- 
 fold flight — Heroine promises to marry prince and accepts ring 
 — Lovesick prince — Recognition food — Happy marriage. 
 During wedding feast bride relates her history. King, who ordered 
 her death, is present. Bridegroom slays him — Villain Nemesis 
 — Heroine's children die ; parents follow them to heaven. 
 
 305 Wlislocki, Dr. Heinrich von, Mdrchen und Sagen der Bukowi-. 
 naer und Siebenburger Armenier. Hamburg, 1892. Pp. 55-58. 
 No. XXII. 
 
 "KoNiG Ambanor und das Waisenmadchen." 
 
 King, being urged to marry against his will, at length promises 
 to take as his queen any girl who, at distance of hundred paces, 
 can knock crown off his head with an apple — Marriage test — 
 Heroine appears veiled and flower-bedecked ; knocks off crown 
 with diamond apple, then vanishes. This happens thrice. Third 
 time king picks up diamond apple, and sees heroine's face in it. 
 
D. INDETERMINATE. 121 
 
 Heroine quest — Love-sick king — King, benighted in mountains, 
 seeks shelter in old woman's hut. During night overhears soft 
 voice amid old woman's scoldings ; inquires next morning ; hears 
 of good-for-nothing step-daughter, who wastes bread on pet owl 
 that gave her three diamond apples. Recognition of heroine — 
 Happy marriage. 
 
 Zi'UG'E'^'L'E, (Tiro/s) Kinder- iind Hausmdrchen. Innsbruck, 1852. 306 
 Story No. II, pp. 5-16. 
 
 "CiSTL IM KORBL." 
 
 Heroine, orphaned and homeless, wanders in forest weeping — 
 Green huntsman aid — He takes her to magic oak containing 
 treasure for her use. He will return in seven years, and she must 
 be able to remember his name, " Cistl im Korbl'' — Menial heroine 
 (poultry-girl)— Magic dresses from oak— Meeting-place (church) 
 — Threefold flight — Pursuers detained with scattered silver and 
 gold — Lovesick count — Recognition food contains ring given at 
 third meeting — Happy marriage — Seven years have well-nigh 
 passed ; heroine cannot remember name. It is recalled to her at 
 sight of gardener putting flat head-basket (cistl) in large basket 
 (korbl) — She meets green huntsman ; greets him by name ; is told 
 to keep it secret, 
 
 {For No. 307 and following Nos., see Appendix.) 
 
^ ? 
 
 Part II.— TABULATIONS. 
 
 G. A. Aberg, Nylandska Folksagor (published in Swedish). P 
 Helsingfors, 1887. P. 321. No. 251. (From Finland.) 
 
 " DoM TRi Flikkona, som sku ti Kungsgaln o ty^na" 
 (The three Girls who went as Servants to the King's Palace). 
 
 (i) A poor farmer has three daughters. For seven years they wash their 
 hands in quite new milk, because they are to be waiting-maids in the king's 
 palace. — (2) The eldest sets out to the palace, and meets a sheep with shears 
 on its horns, who says, " Shear me, and you shall have wool ! " ** No, indeed ! 
 I don't care to make my hands dirty shearing you ; for I have been washing 
 them for seven years in new milk, because I am going to the king's palace to 
 be a waiting-maid." After this she meets a cow with a milk-pail on her horns, 
 who says, " Milk me, and you shall have milk." She gives a like answer. 
 Presently she comes to where there is an old man lying in a ditch, and saying, 
 "Help me up." She replies to him in the same manner, and goes on her 
 way. — (3) The same things happen to the second daughter, who gives the 
 same answers. — (4) But the third daughter shears the sheep and gets the wool, 
 milks the cow and puts the wool into the milk, comes to the ditch where the 
 old man is lying wiih a stick in his hand. One end of the stick is green 
 and the other black. "Where are you going?" he asks. ** To the royal 
 palace, to be a waiting- maid." " You will only get employed there as a swine- 
 herd ; but one of these days you will be so exalted that your sisters will be 
 your servants. But help me up first." She does so, and the old man gives 
 her his staff. — (5) She reaches the palace, is made swine-herd, her sisters 
 contemning her. — (6) Wishing for a beautiful dress, she strikes with the black 
 end of her stick under the pig-sty wall, and she gets one, and takes a walk in 
 the garden. The king sees her, but has no idea who she is, and tries vainly 
 to catch her. And the second time he tries in vain. — (7) But the third time 
 she loses her shoe, and the king tries it on all his people, but it will fit nobody. 
 At last he tries it on the swineherd, whom it fits perfectly. Then she con- 
 fesses that she has walked in the garden. — (8) The king marries her, so she 
 becomes queen, and her sisters are her servants. 
 
 ^ The following Tabulations are arranged bibliographically, and'numbered 
 according to the corresponding Abstracts. 
 
124 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 2 G. A. Aberg, Nylandska Folksagor. Helsingfors, 1887. P. 322. 
 
 No. 252. (From Virby in Kyrnstatt, Finland.) 
 
 " Flickorna, som foro till Kungens gard" (The Girls who 
 went to the King's Palace). 
 
 (i) Three sisters — two wicked, one good — are to go to palace to be king's 
 servants. On the way eldest meets cow with milk-pail on its horns asking to 
 be milked, promising milk as reward. Girl refuses lest she soil nice wbite 
 hands. She goes further and meets sheep with scissors on its horns asking to 
 be shorn, promising wool as reward. Girl gives same answer. Next she 
 meets old man with knife in his hand, asking to be loused. She gives same 
 answer; goes to palace and gets employment. — (2) Second sister meets the 
 same, and likewise refuses to help them.— (3) Heroine milks cow and drinks 
 the milk j shears sheep and takes the wool ; louses old man and gets from him 
 a silk dress, a silver dress, a gold dress, gold shoes, gold carriage, and gold 
 horse.— (4) She takes service at palace. — (5) On Sunday she goes to church 
 in silk dress ; sisters see fair lady and afterwards tell heroine, who says she 
 would like to go herself next Sunday to look at her. — (6) Next Sunday 
 heroine wears silver dress to church, and afterwards makes same remark to 
 sisteis. — (7) Third Sunday she drives to church in gold carriage, wearing gold 
 dress and shoes. Afterwards tells sisters she is very sorry she did not go to see 
 the fair lady; will certainly go next Sunday. — (8) And she goes. But fair 
 lady is not there, having lost gold shoe last Sunday, and not liking to go 
 without it. — (9) Prince finds shoe, and says he will wed whomsoever it fits. 
 It is too small for some, too large for others. At last heroine tries it on and 
 it fits her. — (10) Prince marries heroine. 
 
 3 J. B. Andrews, Co?ttes Ligures^ Traditions de la Rivibre, recueillis 
 entre Menton at Genes. Paris, 1892. No. I, pp. 3-7. (Told to 
 Mr. Andrews in Mentone.) 
 
 "Catarina." 
 (i) Heroine persuades her widowed father to marry her fairy-god-mother, 
 who has prompted her to do this, saying it will make her happy. Heroine is 
 kindly treated till step-mother has two children ; after that she is sent to mind 
 the goat and is set task, to spin a pound and a half of hemp.— -(2) She goes to 
 the wood and weeps. Goat asks why, then bids her lead him to where the 
 grass is thick, place the hemp on his head and lo ! it will be instantly spun. 
 Heroine takes spun hemp to step-mother who gives her more to spin next day. 
 — (3) During supper next evening father tells step-mother to slay the goat. 
 Heroine goes weeping to the stable : goat tells her not to eat any of his flesh, 
 but to collect all his bones into a basket, and they will give her anything she 
 may desire. — (4) Father, who is a sailor, starts on a voyage and asks heroine 
 
ANDREWS. 125, 
 
 what he shall bring her home. She wants nothing, only asks father to call on 
 her aunt. Arrived at Genoa, father visits aunt and says, ** Catarina sends you 
 greeting". Aunt gives him a nut to take to her. Heroine goes to her room, 
 cracks nut and finds beautiful silk dress inside. — (5) Next Sunday step-mother 
 dresses her two daughters and asks heroine if she is not going to mass. 
 Heroine says no, but goes to her room and dons silk dress, then goes to bones 
 and asks to be made the most lovely girl in the world. Thus transformed she 
 goes to church where king's son instantly falls in love with her. She seats 
 herself by her step-sisters, uses her white handkerchief and drops it. Step- 
 sister picks it up and heroine bids her keep it. After mass heroine returns 
 home, undresses, goes to the bones and asks to be made as she was before.'- — 
 (6) Following Sunday she goes to mass and king's son has guards stationed at 
 the church-door to stop her. She throws a handful of bran in their eyes and 
 escapes them ; returns home and doffs finery. — (7) Her father, starting on 
 another voyage, again asks what he shall bring her. She wants nothing, only 
 that he shall greet her aunt. He does so and the aunt gives him an almond 
 for Catarina, who cracks it and finds inside a pair of gold slippers. — (8) Next 
 Sunday she goes to church wearing silk dress and gold shoes. King's son has 
 stationed soldiers at the door to catch her ; she has put some pence in her 
 pocket and throws a handful in their eyes when they are about to seize her. 
 But in escaping she loses one slipper. — (9) King's son will wed whomsoever 
 it fits and goes into every street trying it. It is too large for some, too small 
 for others. At length he comes to heroine's house and asks if there are any 
 girls there. Step-mother says, yes, she has two but neither has been able to 
 put on the slipper. King's son asks if she has not another daughter, but step- 
 mother says she is too dirty to be seen. Prince wishes to see her and will 
 marry her if slipper fits her. Caterina is dressing in her room when she is 
 called, and comes down with gold slipper on one foot and the other foot bare. 
 — (10) Kirg's son sees that slipper is hers and takes her for his wife. There 
 is a grand feast. 
 
 Ibid., pp. 126-31. No. XXVIII. (From Mentone ; told, by 271 
 Louisa Aprosio.) 
 
 " Le Pays des Brides." 
 
 \ ._„^.. 
 
 ■ Sorceress. Family must earn their living. One day, when heroine is seeking 
 work in the town, her godmother appears to her, gives her a walnut, an 
 almond, and a hazel-nut, which she is to use at her need, then vanishes. — (2) 
 Finding no work to do, heroine determines to take service, and is engaged by 
 a wealthy nobleman. She dresses shabbily and goes unwashed in order to 
 look ugly, and is quite unrecognisable. — (3) One day master gives grand ball 
 in one of his palaces. His son or(?ers servant to saddle his horse. Heroine 
 puts on bridle instead of saddle, and asrks mistress to let her go and see ball. 
 She is refused. Master's son is getting ready to start, and finding his horse 
 
 W 
 
126 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 not saddled, calls servant aad gives her good blow with bri.11e, sending her in 
 tears to mistress, who consoles her. Encouraged by her kindness, heroine 
 again asks to be allowed to go to ball, but mistress cannot permit it, as it is 
 not the thing for servants to go, and she is too dirty. When evening comes 
 heroine determines to go, cracks the walnut, and takes out a lovely dress with 
 pattern on it like the sea and fishes. She combs her hair, and instantly it 
 becomes golden and falls in ringlets on her shoulders. Her shoes are also 
 golden. She finds a horse ready to take her. Everyone in the ball-room is 
 struck with her beauty. Master's son would dance with her, and asks her 
 name. She will not answer. He asks whence she comes. ** From the Land 
 of Reins," she says, and leaves suddenly and mounts her horse. Young man 
 tries in vain to follow her. After the ball he tells mother he has fallen in love 
 with beautiful girl and will die if he does not see her again. Mother recom- 
 mends his giving a second ball on the chance of her coming again. Prepara- 
 tions are made. — (4) Heroine is again refused permission to look on at ball, 
 and goes weeping to her room. Master's son ready to start, and finding horse 
 saddled but not bridled, calls her down and hits her with saddle, then goes 
 off. Heroine cracks almond, and finds inside a dress with the sun embroidered 
 on it. At the ball she again refuses to tell her name, but says she comes from 
 **the Land of the Saddle". She is about to withdraw; but master's son 
 retains her arm, conducts her to horse, and helps her mount. Drawing a 
 whip from her pocket, she gives him a cut across the eyes and disappears. He 
 again confides in his mother, who advises third ball. — (5) When he is about to 
 start to ball there are no stirrups. He fetches them himself and throws them 
 in heroine's face. She goes to complain to mother, who excuses her son, 
 saying that his behaviour is due to his beirg unhappy, and that he will give no 
 ball after to-night, and if he does not find his lady-love he will put an end to 
 himself. Heroine begs to go, since this is the last ball, and promises to keep 
 out of sight. Mistress gives permission. Heroine cracks the hazel-nut, and 
 lovely dress falls out with moon embroidered upon it. Everyone admires 
 her ; she is more beautiful than ever. Young master implores her to tell who 
 she is and whence she comes. She comes from *' Stirrup- Land", but will not 
 tell her name. She leaves; the prince {sic) follows her. To get rid of him, 
 she takes handful of sand from her pocket and throws it in his face, then 
 vanishes. He is in despair, and tells mother the several answers he has 
 received from the lovely girl. — (6) From that day he falls ill ; noihing 
 restores him. Servant asks his mother to let her prepare his meals for him ; 
 perhaps he will take them then. Mjther says, "IIoiv dare she ask such a 
 thing?" Heroine goes to her room and keeps out of sight. But in the 
 evening, at the hour of the ball, she dons the moon dress and presents herself 
 before the invalid. He recognises her. She explains that she kept him in 
 ignorance because he struck her before starting to the fete, and because his 
 mother would not let her go to it. — (7) She relates her history, tends him till 
 he is well, then marries him. 
 
ANDREWS. — ARCH^OLOGICAL REVIEW. 
 
 127 
 
 /<^/^., pp. 149-51. No. XXXIII. (From Mentone ; told by 272 
 Marie Alavena.) 
 
 " Marie Robe de Bois." 
 
 (i) Young girl has a sorceress godmother, who one day asks, ** Would you 
 like to come with me ? " Heroine says " Yes". If so, she must ask father to 
 buy her a dress like the moon. Heroine says she has such a dress. Then 
 godmother tells her she must get one that shines like the stars. She has that 
 too. Then she must have one that shines like the sun, and her father must 
 make her a dress of wood, with as many pockets in it as it is possible to have. 
 Before they set out, godmother bids her never say "Jesus, Marie!" After 
 walking for some time, heroine says, "Godmother, aren't we there yet? 
 J^sus, Marie! what a long way !"— (2) Sorceress takes and throws her into 
 king's garden, where there is an orange-tree. King's son often walks in the 
 garden. He notices for several days that some of the orarges are missing ; 
 at last one day he catches sight of little girl. He rushes to tell father he has 
 found the thief who eats the oranges. Heroine is frightened on seeing king, 
 implores his pardon, saying she ate oranges because she was hungry, and that 
 it was her godmother who sent her there. — (3) King engages her to feed his 
 fowls, geese, and ducks. — (4) At carnival time king's son is going to ball and 
 heroine beg5 him to take her. He refuses, and she goes back crying. She 
 dons moon dress and goes to ball ; dances with prince, who gives her a ring. — 
 (5) Another night, when he has started to ball, she dons star dress and follows 
 him. He dances with her and gives her another ring. — (6) The same thing 
 happens a third time. — (7) When he gets home king's son falls ill. Heroine 
 asks queen to let her make some soup that will cure him. In the first spoonful 
 he takes he finds the three rings he had given her. — (8) After a little while he 
 marries her. 
 
 ArchcBological Review^ vol. iii (March-July 1889), pp. 24-27. 
 (By Karl Blind.) 
 
 Note. — The story was procured for the editor by Mr. George Sinclair from 
 his mother-in-law, who had it from her grandfather, and he in turn had it from 
 his grandmother. His mother-in-law is now (1888) an elderly woman. He 
 is not aware that it was ever committed to writing in the family before. Her 
 native place is a small town not far from Glasgow. 
 
 A Fresh Scottish Ashpitel Tale. 
 
 (i) Gentleman and lady have one little girl, very pretty and very good. 
 When she is five years old, mother dies. Father is broken-hearted and little 
 girl cannot understand whymother does not come to her. After a time father 
 marries widow with two daughters older than little girl. They are both very 
 plain and jealous of step-sister's beauty, and would banish her to kitchen, but 
 
 II 
 
128 CINDERELLA VARLANTS. 
 
 Step-mother fears husband's disapproval. — (2) She devises a plan to cause in 
 time step- daughter's death. Sheep have found hole leading to garden, and 
 step-mother tells heroine, who loves the fields and the sheep, to stay and 
 watch hole and not let sheep through. At dinner- time she sends her a 
 thimbleful of broth, a grain of barley, a thread of meat, and a crumb of bread. 
 — (3) Little girl is hungry but dares not go home till night. She cries, and a 
 little black lamb comes to ask why. Lamb bids her not cry but put her finger 
 into its ear.i There she finds a big piece of bread. She is to feel in other ear, 
 where she finds a big piece of cheese. She has a good dinner and is happy. 
 In the evening step-mother is surprised not to find her tired and hungry. — (4) 
 Next day she sends her again but gives her no dinner. Little lamb supplies 
 bread and cheese. — (5) Third day step-mother sends man to watch, and he 
 reports about lamb. Then she tells husband she wants a sheep killed. He 
 says she may have any one; and the little black lamb is killed. — (6) Next day 
 whilst little girl sits crying in the field, funny little old woman comes to her, 
 and when told about lamb, bids her not weep but gather all the bones and 
 bring them to her. Little girl does so, but one shank bone is missing. — (7) 
 When Sunday comes, little girl is left to cook dinner whilst others go to 
 church. Step-mother leaves her a thimbleful of water, a grain of barley and 
 a crumb of bread, and bids her make a big pot of soup. Little girl sits crying, 
 wishing she had little lamb to help her. In comes the little lamb, limping 
 because one shank- bone is a- wanting, and tells her not to cry but to dress and 
 go to church, whilst it cooks dinner, but be sure and leave before the end. — 
 (8) She dresses, putting on pretty pair of glass slippers which she has. She 
 sits near church door, and young prince, struck by her beauty, would follow 
 her home. But she leaves first and he misses her. Then she puts on her old 
 clothes and step-mother and step-sisters return and are astonished to find 
 dinner ready. — {9) Next Sunday she is again left at home and little lamb sends 
 her to church. This time prince follows her and picks up shoe which she 
 drops in her haste to get away. — (10) But he does not catch her, and so makes 
 proclamation next day that he will marry whomsoever the slipper fits. At 
 length he comes to little girl's home, and one step- sister says she can wear 
 shoe. She chops off her toes and a piece of her heel and gets slipper on. — 
 (11) Prince puts her on horae behind him to take her to ca&tle. On the way 
 they pass a tree where a raven sits and says, 
 
 ** Haggit-heels and hewed toes 
 Behind the young prince rides ; 
 But pretty foot and bonnie foot 
 Behind the caldron hides." 
 
 Prince asks what bird said ; step-daughter replies, •* Only nonsense." On the 
 next tree another raven says same thing. Then prince dismounts, and seeing 
 her bleeding foot,' takes her back and insists on looking behind caldron. — (12) 
 There he finds little girl, who asks to go and dress and get other slipper. 
 
 ^ See note 2. 
 
ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW. — ARCHIV. I29 
 
 Prince recognises her and rides off with her. When passing first tree they 
 hear bird say : 
 
 " Pretty foot and bonnie foot 
 
 Behind the young prince rides ; 
 
 But haggit-heels and hewed toes 
 
 At home with mama bides." 
 They reach castle and live happily. 
 
 Archiv filr slavische Philologie, herausgeben von V. Jagic, 131 
 Berlin, 1877. Vol. ii, pp. 622-23. (20 Marchen from Vuk 
 Karajich. Wien, 1870.) 
 
 (i) Emperor has wife with gold star on brow ; daughter with the same. 
 He promises wife on her death-bed never to marry any but a woman with gold 
 star on brow.— (2) None such is to be found, and at last Emperor, with the 
 assent of his minister, determines to marry his daughter. — (3) She takes 
 counsel of her grandmother, and demands from her father, first a silk dress, 
 then a silver, and lastly a gold dress, each so fine that it will go in a nutshell. 
 Having received these, heroine demands and obtains a dress of mouse-skins. — 
 (4) On the eve of the wedding, she wishes to bathe in a tub, and wants two 
 ducks. She locks herself in bath-room, and, leaving the two ducks to splash 
 about in the water, she escapes out of window to the mountains, wearing the 
 mouse-skin dress. Servants listen, and hearing splashing, think the princess is 
 still bathing. When her flight is discovered, she cannot be overtaken. — (5) 
 Heroine is found in a hollow tree by a neighbouring prince, who is out 
 hunting in the mountains . He takes her by force to the Court, where, cladTn 
 mouse-skin dress, she tends the geese as Aschenbrodel. — (6) Prince gives a.^ 
 large feast, to which many guests are bidden. Heroine is present in her silk 
 dress, with the gold star on her brow. Her beauty draws all eyes towards her. 
 
 B Prince wants to know who she is and whence she comes. She says she comes 
 from Cizma-Grad (Boot-Town), which, of course, cannot be found. — (7) At 
 the second fite she appears in the silver dress, and says she comes from Legen- 
 .■Grad (Legen-Town).^ Neither can this place be found. — (8) Third time she 
 appears in gold dress, and says she comes from Sablya-Grad (Sabre -Town"). 
 Prince slips ring on her finger, unnoticed, whilst dancing with her. — (9) He falls 
 ill with love and longings and craves to eat crumbled bread soaked in milk. 
 Heroine persuades fiook to allow her to break the bread, and she lets her ring 
 fall into the bowl. — (10) Hereby she is discovered, and the marriage follows. 
 
 Ik 
 
 ^ The word Ledjan occurs very frequently in Servian and Bulgarian popular 
 
 traditions. . . . I might express the conjecture that the word /^^<?« enfolds 
 
 I the Magyar leginy, which signifies ** young fellow, comrade, soldier". The 
 
 Southern Slavs came often enough into contact with the Magyar Legeny . 
 
130 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 132 Ibid.^ pp. 623-24. Variants of the above. (From Mikulicid, 
 
 pp. 23-28.) 
 
 " POPELJUHA ZaVALJUHA." 
 
 (l) Dying wife gives king a ring ; te must marry none whom it does not 
 fit. — (2) It fits his daughter. — (3) He must procure her in turn a sun, a moon, 
 and a star dress. — (4) The sun counsels heroine to delude father by means of 
 ducks. — (5) She escapes to another kingdom clad as a beggar, and is engaged 
 as cinder-girl at the palace. — (6) Prince gives balls, at which she appears in 
 the three dresses. He fall , in love with her, and asks whence she comes. She 
 gives answers, *^ Lopatov-Grad" (Coal-shovel Town), ^^ Pepeskov-Grad^^ 
 (Poker- Town), ** Kijehev-Grad'^ (Tongs-Town). At the third meeting she 
 receives a ring from piince, who falls ill because he cannot find her. — (7) When 
 his life is in danger, she breaks the ring in half, and lets one piece slip into the 
 bowl containing invalid's broth. — (8) Recognition and marriage ft How. 
 
 133 From Valjavec. No. XII, pp. 44-47. 
 
 (l) Daughter gets advice at mother's grave. — (2) First dress has sun, moon, 
 stars, and all the heavens upon it. Devil helps father to obtain it, and he 
 draws it out of a nut-shell. Second dress is 1 ke the sea, with fii-hes swimming 
 in it. King produces it out of a haztl-nut shell. — (3) Third request is for a 
 hollow man, made of wood, and so contrived that none shall find entrance 
 into it. On the eve of wedding, heroine tpkes mpgic dresses, and escapes in 
 wooden figure to the forest, where she falls in with vilas, and remains three 
 years with them. — (4) Then, taking leave of them, she wanders further through 
 the forest, where she is met by three princes. — (5) Subsequently she lives at 
 the court of the eldest prince as cinder-gii 1. — ',6) The story proceeds in the 
 usual manner. Recognition comes about by means of ring. 
 
 134 Archivio per lo Studio delle Tradizioni popolari. Palermo, 1882. 
 Vol. i, pp. 190-95. (A Tuscan story, related by Maria di Monte 
 Mignaio nel Casentino.) 
 
 " La Ciabattina d' Oro" (The Little Gold Shoe). 
 
 (i) King promises dying wife that he will never marry again unless he finds 
 a woman who can wear her g( Id shoe. Some time afterwards, when king has 
 been unable to find anyone who can wear shoe, his daughter puts it on heed- 
 lessly, and father says he must marry her.— (2) Heroine goes for advice to old 
 woman, who bids her first demand from father a dress made of all the flowers 
 m the world. This is procured. She is then to ask for a dress like the 
 waves of the sea, and next, for one with all the stars of heaven upon it. 
 Whtn these also have been supplied, old woman bids her demand a chest, 
 
ARCHIVIO. 
 
 13^ 
 
 which will travel like the wind and not be seen. She is to make herself a 
 dress of pig-skin, and when father is asleep she is to get into chest, with all 
 her dresses, and escape. — (3) Heroine finds herself in a forest, where she 
 remains in hiding. King's servants come by hunting, and seeing strange 
 beast, they take it to king before killing it. King questions heroine, who 
 feigns stupidity, and will not answer. He takes her to his mother to mind 
 the poultry. She is made fun of, and they take her to the hen-roost. Prince 
 visits her often to be amused. — (4) One night he is going to a ball, and tells 
 heroine to saddle his horse. She replies that she cannot ; she only minds 
 fowls. He is angry, and would strike her with the bridle. So she runs off to 
 saddle the horse. When he has gone she goes to her chest, dons the fljwer- 
 dress, and goes to the ball. Prince dances with her, and she says she comes 
 from Bridle-Beat. He offers to accompany her home, but she declines, and 
 is invited to come to the ball next night. — (5) Next morning prince goes to 
 hen-house, and tells heroine about the ball. Everything happens as before. 
 Prince threatens to hit her on the head with his boots. She wears second 
 magic dress to ball, and fells prince she comes from Boot-Beat. — (6) Next 
 day he threatens her wi h the shovel, and at third ball she says she comes from 
 Shovel-Hit. Prince gives her a ring, and they part. — (7) Next day he asks 
 mother to make him some sweet cakes, for he intends to go forth in search of 
 lovely stranger. Heroine enters whilst queen is making cakes, and asks for a 
 little flour. Queen tries to stnd her away, but she pleads for the flour, saying 
 it is for a sick hen. Heroine puts ring in the dough, which she lays beside 
 queen's cakes. Prince sets out with the cakes in a handkerchief. Presently 
 he tastes one, and charces upon the ring — (8) He returns in haste, and 
 questions mother, and insists that heroine shall make him some cakes. He 
 watches at key-hole, and sees her dressed as at ball. — (9) He marries her. 
 
 Variants of the above. Ibid.^ pp. 196-200. 135 
 
 I. — From Pratovecchio. 
 " Maria di Legno" (Maria Wood), 
 (i) King is to marry whomsoever deceased wife's jewels best become. 
 Daughter puts them on, and father setks to marry her. — (2) She takes counsel 
 of governess, who bids her ask for three magic dresses, and then for a white 
 horse, with no single spetk of black about him. She kills the horse, and 
 makes herself a dress of its j-kin, and in this disguise escapes, taking the 
 magic dresses. — (3) A hunting- prince finds her in the forest, and is about to 
 kill her, when she says : 
 
 *• I am called Maria Wood, 
 A cunning piece of womanhood ; 
 I am a wondrous woik of art, 
 ^^ And I come from — such a part, 
 
 ^K Just to crave your charity, 
 
 ^|^«^ Kind sir, I pray you show it me." 
 
 ^^Hk 2 
 
 H 
 
132 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Prince takes her home, and, after a few days, lets her go free about the house. 
 He gets to like the animal, and calls it ** ugly beast". — (4) He is going to 
 some feasts, and three times refuses to take "ugly beast" with him, striking 
 her with the shovel, the tongs, and with the saddle. Heroine goes to the 
 feasts, and gives the names of objects with which prince has struck her. — 
 (5) He looks through key-hole, and watches heroine don magic dress beneath 
 her hide. — (6) He then falls ill, and craves food made by her, in which she 
 puts ring given her at feast. — (7) Finally he discovers her in her room, learns 
 her story, and marries her. 
 
 136 II. From Garfagnana-Estense. 
 
 " La Margofa di Legno." 
 
 (i) Girl puts on dead mother's ring, and father wants to marry her. — (2) She 
 asks for three dresses. Then for a wooden figure, and escapes in it. — 
 (3) Hunting-prince finds figure, and his dogs bark at it. Heroine tells 
 prince she is called the Wooden Lady. He takes her to palace, where she 
 lives in the kitchen. — (4) She is beaten three times by prince with shovel, 
 tongs, and bellows, and she names these objects at the three balls at which 
 she appears in magic dresses. Prince gives her, at the second and third balls, 
 a ring and a pin. — (5) She afterwards puts these in food for love-sick prince, 
 and is thus discovered, and married. 
 
 137 III. From Florence. 
 
 " Pellicciotto." 
 
 (i) A lovely girl, daughter of a lord, is poor, and sets out to seek her for- 
 tune. She meets a fairy, who makes her dress like a man, gives her a fur 
 cloak to cover her face and the rest of her body, and a magic wand. — (2) The 
 King of Portugal engages her as stable-boy, and calls her " Ugly Skin" 
 (Pellicciotto).~(3) King goes to three balls, and Ugly Skin, who each time 
 saddles his horse, forgets (i) stirrups, (2) whip, (3) bridle. King beats her 
 with these objects. — (4) Heroine goes to balls, and gives names of objects as 
 her home. Servants follow her by king's orders, and are detained (i) by 
 confetti, {2) by coppers, (3) by great smoke.— (5) King falls ill, and wants 
 little cakes made by mother. These get burnt, and mother substitutes those 
 made by heroine, who had begged for a little dough.— (6) King finds ring 
 inside cake ; sends for Ugly Skin, and, whilst speaking, tears her cloak at the 
 neck, and discovers who she is. 
 
ARCHIVIO. 133 
 
 IV. From Florence. 138 
 
 " Zucchettina" (Little Gourd). 
 
 (i) Woman gives birth to a gourd, according to augury, but does not know 
 that there is a lovely girl inside, and exposes it in the forest. — (2) King's son 
 finds a talking gourd, and takes it home. — (3) King gives three balls ; heroine 
 appears at each in a different dress. Prince falls in love with her, and gives 
 her (i) ring, (2) bracelet, (3) pin. When prince was refusing to take 
 Zucchettina to balls he gave her (i) a whipping, (2) kick, {3) box on the ear. 
 Zucchettina changes her country every night, and names Whip, Kick, Slap. 
 — (4) Love-sick prince will not eat ; Zucchettina prepares his breakfast, and 
 puts in objects given at balls. — (5) Prince discovers who she is, and marries 
 her. 
 
 V. From Florence. 139 
 
 " La DoNNiNA Di Legno" (The Little Wooden Lady). 
 
 ( I ) Girl asks her father for a wooden case, three dresses, and the bird Ver- 
 derrio. She sings : 
 
 ** I am a lady made of wood, 
 A cunning piece of womanhood. 
 If you would show your charity, 
 Then give to me." 
 
 (2) She is taken to the king's palace, and put in hen-house. Hens sing : 
 
 ** Ko-ko ko, ke-ke-ke, 
 What a lovely little keeper have we !" 
 
 (3) King falls in love with beautiful stranger at ball, and sends servants to 
 follow her home. She throws sand and quattrini, and half blinds them. — 
 
 (4) At length the king falls ill, and finds in his food the present given to 
 beautiful stranger at ball. 
 
 VI. From Florence. 140 
 
 "MoNA Caterina." 
 
 (i) Heroine sets out to seek her fortune. She meets an old woman who is 
 a fairy, and who gives her an old woman's dress for disguise, a magic wand, a 
 walnut, an almond, and a filbert. — (2) Heroine, disguised, goes and sits on a 
 stone by the king's palace. She cracks the walnut, and there come out two 
 tiny, tiny little men who walk about. Queen wants to buy them ; heroine 
 will not sell them, but asks to take service at palace. Next day she cracks the 
 almond, and there come forth two tiny little horses. Queen wants them, but 
 has not courage to take the old woman into the palace. Third day two little 
 
134 CINDERELLA VARIANTS 
 
 horses in a coach come out of the filbert. In order to obtain these, queen con- 
 sents to take old woman as goose girl. — (3) Heroine has room to herself. 
 She tends the geese and takes them to swim. Meanwhile she bathes, and 
 geese sing : 
 
 ** We have come from over the mere, 
 
 Our beautiful keeper brought us here. 
 
 With her beautiful wand, how lovely is she ! 
 
 Would not our master enamoured be?" 
 
 King, being told of this, goes to watch unseen, and falls in love with heroine. 
 — (4) At last he falls ill, and confesses object of his love ; but heroine denies 
 that she is other than an old woman. He insists on having food prepared by 
 her.— (5) He wants her to feed him, and she, pretending she cannot do so 
 properly, soils his face ail over. King declares his love, and at last agrees 
 that no one shall be told that she is not ugly and old. — (6) All are amazed at 
 the king's choice till the wedding-day, when they see his beautiful bride. 
 
 141 VIT. From Pratovecchio. 
 
 "La Giorgia." 
 
 (i) La Giorgia is a young lady who sets out to see the world. She reaches 
 a certain city where the king's goose- herd has just died. — (2) She makes a 
 grave-digger sell her the skin of a corpse, and di-guised in this she goes to the 
 court and obtains the post of goose-girl. — (3) Geese, seeing the new herd, 
 sing: 
 
 ** Cro-cro, cre-cre ! 
 What a very lovely herd have we ! 
 She is as lovely as the sun. 
 Would not our master's heart be won !" 
 
 King's son becomes suspicious, and goes behind a hedge to spy. —(4) Then 
 he feigns illness, and wants sweetmeats made for him by the goose herd, who 
 puts in them a ring engraved with royal arms, and other trinkets. — (5) Finally 
 the prince marries her, and on the wedding-day she appears in her own 
 undisguised loveliness. 
 
 Editor's Note. — The'narrator made no mention of the three festivals, but 
 the conclusion of the story would lead one to suspect that she had forgotten 
 them. 
 
ARCHIVIO. 135 
 
 Archivio^ yo\. \\. Palermo, 1883. Pp. 21-25. Novelle Fopolari 142 
 Sarde^ by P. E. Guarnerio. Story No. I. (In dialect ; narrated 
 by Caterina Colombano, widow of Luciano of Calangianus, and 
 written down by Martino Colombano, also of Calangianus.) 
 
 *' Maria Intaulata" (Maria Wood). 
 
 (i) Queen, on her death-bed, exacts promise that king will only marry 
 someone who can wear her ring. — (2) After her death the km^, having tried 
 the ring in vain throughout \\\t town, fits it on his own daughter, and resolves 
 to marry her. — (3) She takes counsel with governess, and asks father in turn 
 for three magic dresses (a moon-dress, a star-dress, and a dress of chimes), 
 which are supplied. Then she is to get a wooden dress made and escape in 
 it. — (4) In this way she comes at last to a king's palace, and is allowed 
 to live in poultry-house. At night she doffs wooden dress, and in dress 
 of chimes climbs tree in front of palace. All are puzzled what the music can 
 be : the same thing happens next night. In the morning she is fetched from 
 poultry-house to fill the place of waiting-maid. She appears in wooden 
 dress, tells queen she wears in as penance, and calls herself Maria Intaulata. 
 — (5) When the prince is starting to the feasts, she forgets to give him (i) 
 whip, (2) bridle, (3) spurs. He strikes her with these objects, and she names 
 them when presently asked whence she comes. — (6) She begs leave to go to 
 each of the three feasts. Queen at first refuses, but at length grants it on 
 condition that heroine keeps out of her son's sight. She appears at first ball 
 in star dress, at the second in moon-dress, lastly, in dress of chimes. Prince 
 dances with her, and each time gives her a diamond [ring]. She escapes 
 alone, and queen asks on her return if her son has seen her. She says no. 
 Heroine presently asks master if he has enjoyed himself, and he breaks off in 
 the midst of remarking there was a girl present like herself. This happens 
 three time?. — (7) Then prince falls ill when he fails to discover who lovely 
 stranger is. Doctors say ihey cannot cure him, because he is sick of love. 
 Heroine asks leave to carry his food to him. Queen says it is useless, for he 
 will not eat. Heroine thrice carries broth to prince, each time putting in one 
 of the diamonds he had given her. — (8) Prince, convinced that his lady-love 
 is none other than Maria Intaulata, springs out of bed, splits open the wooden 
 disguise with his dagger, and recognises the beauty of the balls. He takes 
 her to his parents and marries her. 
 
 Ibid., p. 27. (Told by Speranza Satta of Sassari, Sardinia, who 143 
 cannot read or write, and transcribed by Prof. Guarnerio, with 
 the help of Antonio Cottoni, also of Sassari.) 
 
 " Maria Instauradda" (Maria Wainscotted.) 
 
 (i) A king is left a widower. His dying wife gave him a diamond [ring], 
 and bade him marry whomsoever it would fit. — (2) His only daughter tries it 
 
136 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 on ; it fits her well, and father says he must marry her. — (3) Heroine in 
 despair goes weeping to her room, and crying " My fate, my fate !" Her 
 fate (or fortune) appears to her, and bids her demand from father a robe 
 of golden bells, A gentleman (explained by story-teller as the Devil) comes 
 to perplexed father and asks what troubles him, and undertakes to supply the 
 robe of bells, and says king may command him should he want more. — (4) 
 Heroine weeps when father gives her the robe, and, counselled by her fate, 
 asks him for one in which are the sun and the moon. This is provided in 
 the same manner, and heroine next asks for a robe with as many fish as are 
 in the sea. — (5) On receiving this she weeps anew, and calls on her fate, who 
 now bids her go to the wood-cutter and let him make her a dress of nothing 
 but wood, with hinges. — (6) Wood-cutter makes the dress, and her fate takes 
 heroine to another king's house, where she is engaged as servant-girl in the 
 stable to look^after the hordes. Heroine says her name is *' Maria Wain- 
 scotted". Every day she gets the horses ready for the king's son. Every 
 time she goes out the king's son passes. "Is it my turn, your Majesty?'* 
 ** I'll strike you a blow with the spurs." — (7) He goes to z.ftte, and heroine's 
 fate dresses her quickly in the robe of golden bells, and takes her straight to 
 where he is. "Whilst dancing with her he asks whence she comes. "From 
 the City of the Spurs." ** My father is king, and I have never heard mention 
 of that city.'* The fate takes her home before the king's son. When he 
 returns, heroine says, "You wouldn't take me, then?" "It is someone else 
 than you whom I have seen dancing." — (8) When he is going to another 
 festival she says, " Is it my turn ?" And he : "I will strike you a blow with 
 the saddle." The fate takes her, differently clad, to where he is. He is pleased^ 
 and asks whence she comes. " From the City of the Saddle.'' " My father 
 is king," etc. All at once the fate takes her back before the king's son 
 returns. " You wouldn't take me, then ?" He rejoins as before. — (9) He is 
 starting to another festival, and she says, ** Isn't it my turn ?" "I'll strike 
 you with the whip." Her fate dresses her in the robe with the fishes, and 
 whilst dancing she comes to the king's son, and, to his inquiry, answers, " I 
 come from the City of the Whip." "My father is king," etc. As they dance 
 he gives her a diamond [ring]. Suddenly the fate takes her home before he 
 comes. " You wouldn't take me, then ?" she says. "I have seen someone 
 else than you." — (10) Meantime he falls sick, and that poor thing is always 
 down in the stable. He will eat nothing, and she hears of it, and begs of 
 the queen : " Let me cook the food and he will eat it." She cooks the food, 
 and puts the diamond into it ; and he has scarce taken two mouthfuls when 
 he finds it. "Who has cooked this food?" His mother is frightened. 
 * ' Mamma's darling, I have cooked it for you. " This he will not believe, and 
 at length he learns that Maria Wainscotted has cooked it. " Let her come 
 up." The fate takes her, and puts on the best dress she has. He recognises 
 her, and they are married. 
 
ARCHIVIO. 137 
 
 Ibid.^ p. 31. (Communicated to Prof. Guarnerio by Signor 
 Giovanni Pipere of Nuoro, Sardinia.) 
 
 " Sa Bitella de SOS CoRROS d' Org" (The Calf with the 
 Golden Horns). 
 
 (1) Widower, with daughter named Barbarella, marries widow named 
 Tatana, who has daughter named Juliana. Step-mother ill-treats heroine 
 because she is fairer and more skilful than her own daughter, and at last gives 
 her nothing to eat. — (2) Heroine goes to fetch water from fountain. Stand 
 ing one day under shade of cherry-tree, she sees a fairy in a robe of silk and 
 shoes of silver, who asks her for a little water. Heroine willingly offers her 
 the pitcher, and fairy having drunk blesses her, saying may she be so fair that 
 a king's son shall fall in love with her ; then gives her a calf with golden horns, 
 which she must take care of all its life and always obey. — (3) Step-mother, 
 envious of heroine's fortune, asks how she came by calf, and sends own 
 daughter to draw water. Juliana refuses fairy's request for a drink ; fairy 
 curses her so that she becomes obnoxious to all. She shrivels up and looks 
 like an old woman. Many years pass ; heroine pastures her calf every day. 
 She is now nineteen years old, and so beautiful that step-mother hates her. 
 (4) One day when father is away at his hut with the goats, step-mother re- 
 solves to kill calf. Heroine weeps thereat ; calf speaks, bids her collect all 
 its bones, wrap them in a napkin, and put them in a certain grotto ; then on 
 holy days when step-mother goes with own daughter to mass, leaving heroine 
 to cook the flour, she is to run to grotto where she will find silk dresses and 
 silver shoes, don these and hie to mass. But she must leave before the rest, 
 as soon as priest has given the benediction, hurry to grotto and change 
 clothes ; then get home so that step-mother may find flour done. Calf is 
 slain and eaten ; heroine collects bones and does as bidden. — (5) Every Sunday 
 afterwards she goes to mass after dressing at grotto. King's son goes also, 
 and having seen heroine several times, falls in love with her, but cannot dis- 
 cover who she is or where she lives. — (6) One Sunday heroine loses her shoe 
 in her hurry at the church door. King's son finds it, and proclaims that he 
 will wed whomsoever it fits. Many maidens try in vain. — (7) At last 
 heroine, shy and full of doubt, goes to try. Shoe fits her, and king, rejoiced 
 at recognising her, marries her. Step-sister remains unsavoury and ashamed. 
 
 Archivio^ ii, pp. 45-58. " La Cenerentola a Parma e a Camerino", 208 
 by Caterina Pigorini-Beri. Pp. 49-54. (From Parma; given, 
 in dialect, with Italian translation.) 
 
 " La Sendrarceula." 
 
 (i) A king has three daughters. Elder daughters are jealous of the 
 youngest, because she is more beautiful, and king loves her best. They fear 
 
138 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 him, and every morning go to wish him good day and ask if he has slept 
 well. King has three thrones, a white, a red, and a black. When feeling 
 contented he occupies the white ; when only so-so, the red ; when cross, the 
 black. One day he is so angry with elder daughters that he sits on black 
 throne. Eldest seeing him there, asks if he is angry with her. He says yes, 
 because she does not care for him. Daughter replies : " I hke you as much 
 as I like eating chicken." Second daughter asks same question, and says 
 she I'kes him as much as a piece of bread. Youngest daughter says to sisters, 
 "Leave it to me to put him in a good temper." She goes and asks same 
 question as others, then tells king she loves him as much as a grain of salt. — 
 (2) Then king is argry in earnest, calls his servant, and bids him take youngest 
 daughter to the forest, kill her, and bring him back her heari^ and her 
 clothes. Away they go to the forest, but servant is so touched by her distress 
 that instead of slaying her he buys a sheep from a passing shepherd, kills it, 
 and takes out its heart. Then he strips heroine, puts an ass's skin over her, 
 finds a hollow willow-tree in which she may take shelter from the cold, and 
 returns to give heart and clothes to king, who is already penitent and very 
 melancholy. Elder sisters are well pleased. — (3) At midnight some witches 
 passing through forest find heroine, and ask why she is in tree. She tells 
 them everything, and one of them gives her a wand and a little nut, and tells 
 her to strike the nut with the wand when she wants anything, and she will have 
 it. — (4) The king hunts daily in the forest. His dog has discovered heroine, 
 and every day takes whatever he catches to her. King notices that dog 
 always goes to same hollow tree, follows one day behind him, and finds 
 heroine in the ass -skin, who, not to betray the servant, tells him she has lost 
 her way in the forest, and is without house or home. King takes pity on her, 
 and offers to take her to court to be kitchen-maid {cenerentola) in the place 
 of one he has just discharged. She is kindly treated at palace, and most of 
 all the king wishes her well, for he cannot foget his daughter, whom she 
 resembles. — (5) It is Carnival time, and sisters are going to the ball. Father, 
 to divert his thoughts, accompanies them. Left alone, heroine uses nut and 
 wand to procure dress like the stars, and a carriage- and- four in which she 
 goes to ball. Everyone wants to dance with her and to see lier home, but 
 at midnight she insists on leavirg alone. Next morning sisters tell, her of 
 lovely stranger at ball. Heroine murmurs to herself, " That was I." They 
 ask what she said: "Only that I much preferred staying by the hearth." — 
 (6) Second night she goes in dress like the sun. Prince falls in love with her, 
 and sets guards at the door to stop her leaving ; but she throws so many 
 confetti that they are blinded and do not see her go. Next morning she 
 makes same answer to sisters. — (7) Third night she wears dress like the moon, 
 and dances so much that midnight passes before she knows it : and that was 
 the hour at which she ought to be home by the hearth or the charm would 
 work no more. She hastens away and the prince follows. She throws a 
 quantity of flowers and escapes as before j only in getting into the carriage she 
 loses one gold shoe unawares, and this is taken to the prince. Undressing in 
 
 ^ See note 3. 
 
ARCHIVIO. 139 
 
 haste, she forgets to take off her gold s'.ockirgs. Sisters return and tell her 
 what has happened ; she mutters the same as before. — (8) Next day prince 
 proclaims that he will wed whomsoever shoe fits, anc' it is tried throughout the 
 whole city. At last it is brought to king's palace. Two sisters try in vain, 
 and say for fun, "Let us try it on Cinderella," who, not wishing to show 
 gold stockings, makes excuses. — (9) King for amusement forces her to ccm- 
 ply, and the truth is revealed. He is overjoyed at recovering his daughter, 
 and she is married to the prince and taken in triumph through the city. In 
 course of time she becomes queen, and the sisters are very furious. 
 
 Ihid.^ pp. 54-58. (From Camerino.) 
 " La Cenerentola." 
 
 (i) A rich merchant and his wife have two daughters : one they love much 
 and call their lovely daughter, the other they love but little, and call the ugly 
 Cinderella, because she is always made to stay by the fire. — (2) When he 
 goes from home the merchant asks what present he shall bring daughters. 
 The elder always chooses fine clothes, such as never were seen before ; 
 Cinderella pretends always not to want anything. But just as father is start- 
 ing she runs after him, so that mother and sister shall not know, and one day 
 asks him for a golden apple-tree ; another time for a little gold pot, and on a 
 third occasion for a little gold spade. She plants the gold tree where mother 
 and sister shall not see it. — (3) It is carnival time, and there is a ball at king's 
 palace, to which mother and sister are invited. Sister taunts heroine, and 
 says she must stay by the hearth while they go to ball. She goes in one 
 of her fine dresses, and then Cinderella runs to apple tree, and says — 
 
 " Little golden apple-tree, 
 With my vase of gold have I watered thee. 
 With my spade of gold have I digged thy mould. 
 Give me your lovely clothes I pray, 
 And take my ugly rags away," 
 
 So she gets a beautiful dress and goes to the ball. Prince falls in love with 
 her, but cannot learn who she is nor whence she comes. She escapes without 
 anyone seeing. Sister returns and tells her of lovely stranger. — (4) All 
 happens the same a second time. Prince sets guards at the door, and not 
 knowing how to escape, heroine pretends she has lost one of the gold rings 
 with which her dress is trimmed. Whilst everyone is searching for it she 
 slips away.— (5) Prince sets a trap for her at third ball, and when she is escap- 
 ing, one of her shoes remains behind. — (6) Prince will wed whomsoever shoe 
 fits. He comes after a time to merchant's house. Sister cannot wear shoe ; 
 seeing Cinderella prince says, " Let that girl come and try." Mother says no, 
 she is ashamed of her. Piince insists, and the shoe fits her. Prince says he 
 will return for her when he has told his father, and make her his bride. — (7) 
 Then mother undresses Cinderella and puts her in a tub, and dresses other 
 <3aughter in her clothes. She makes a big fire meaning to boil tub. Prince 
 
140 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 returns and recognises that it is not Cinderella, and asks, " Where is she 
 who is to be my hride?" Sister says it is herself, but cock flies on to the 
 tub, singing — 
 
 '* Cock-a-doodle-doo, 
 Cinderella it is who wore the shoe, 
 Look under the tub if you would see her, 
 Listen to me if you would free her." 
 
 Sister tries to drive cock away. Prince asks what is the matter, and cock 
 begins crowing again. Prince says he means to listen, and cock points him 
 to the tub. — (8) He takes out Cinderella and puts in sister; then rides off 
 with his bride. — (9) Mother comes in and makes water boil ready for tub, 
 and sings — 
 
 ** My lovely daughter will be his bride, 
 
 She journeys away at the prince's side. 
 
 In the tub my ugly daughter. 
 
 Is done to death in boiling water." 
 
 Girl calls out from the tub, but mother will not heed, and goes on singing . 
 "When the boiling is over she finds her mistake, and fears to meet her husband. 
 (10) So at night-fall she props up the corpse on the landing at the head of 
 th? stairs, lights the lamp, and then goes off. Husband returns and says to 
 corpse, *' Where's your mother?" Getting no answer he asks again, and, 
 angered by her silence, he gives body a blow, which knocks it downstairs. 
 So mother escapes blame. 
 
 6 Archivio delle Tradizio7ii popolari. Palermo, 1883. Vol. ii, pp. 
 185-187. "Primo Saggio di novelle popolari sarde", da P. E. 
 Guarnerio. Novella V. (Narrated by Maddalena Saba, aged 
 70, a peasant of Mores ; transcribed by Stefano Chessa, also of 
 Mores in Logredoro, Sardinia.) 
 
 "Sa Contanscia de Chiginera" (The Story of Cinderella). 
 
 (l) Man and his wife have three daughters. Wife dies, and father, who is 
 a merchant, asks daughters before he goes away on business what they would 
 like. Elder daughters ask for an apron each ; the youngest asks him to make 
 so many bows to the puzzone medianu. On the way, father's horse refuses to 
 go on, either forward or back, because there is a puzzone. Father delivers 
 youngest daughter's salutations, and the puzzone gives him a nut for her. He 
 buys the two aprons in the town, returns home and distributes gifts. 
 Cinderella, the youngest daughter, thanks him and takes care of nut. — (2) 
 Little while after father leaves home again. Elder daughters ask for fans ; 
 Cinderella bids him salute \}ci& puzzone medianu. Horse stops still at a certain 
 spot, the puzzone appears, and in exchange for salutations sends Cinderella an 
 
ARCHIVIO. — ARMENISCHE BIBLIOTHEK. 141 
 
 almond. Father buys fans and returns home. — (3) One feast day Cinderella 
 opens the nut and tiring- maids come forth, she opens the almond and finds 
 clothes for a fete. She is dressed and goes to church to attend early mass. 
 On the way she loses one shoe, which is found by king's son, who proclaims 
 that whoever has lost a silver shoe shall be his wife. — (4) Many ladies apply, 
 but shoe is not theirs. King's son goes from house to house inquiring, and 
 comes to the merchant's, where he insists that elder sisters shall try if shoe will fit 
 even their servant, or cook. Sisters reply that they have a maid of all work on 
 whose foot they have tried shoe, but it will not go on, and that she never 
 leaves the house. — (5) King's son goes himself into kitchen and finds 
 Cinderella, dressed like a queen and wearing only one shoe. He puts the 
 other on her foot and leaves without saying a word to sisters. — (6) One day 
 sisters go to high mass, and Cinderella having let her attendants dress her, 
 goes also and seats herself between her sisters, who do not recognise her. 
 One of them says to her, ** If you will give us each a flower you will make 
 two friends." Cinderella replies, "I will do so, but you must each have a 
 box on the ear as well." ** All right, if nobody sees," say sisters. " Nobody 
 will see, and you shall have two flowers for this," says Cinderella, and gives 
 each of them the box on the ear and the flower. Mass at an end, Cinderella 
 returns home hastily, and has her clothes taken off. — (7) Sisters come in and 
 tell father how they saw a lady whose beauty quite enchanted them ; and they 
 show the flowers. *' Yes," says Cinderella, ** but she gave you each a box on 
 the ear as well." Sisters turn cold as ice, and don't know what to say. — (8) 
 After a little while Cinderella invites father to a dinner, which she has pre- 
 pared. Sisters laugh heartily, and say they have been to see this banquet. 
 Father goes upstairs and finds the waiters and cooks all ready with spoons and 
 forks, and the king's son, who tells him that the shoe would only fit his 
 daughter, and that she is to be his wife. After dinner bride and bridegroom 
 go to royal palace, and don't seek sisters any more. That puzzone was the 
 king's son, who was doing penance. 
 
 Armenische Bibliothek. Herausgegeben von Abgar Jannissiany, 8 
 Leipzig, 1887, iv, pp. i-io. "Marchen und Sagen", mit einer 
 Einleitung von Griker Ohalatisam. 
 
 " The Brother Ram." 
 
 (i) Widower with boy and girl marries widow with one daughter. Step- 
 mother persuades father to desert his two children in the mountains. He leads 
 them to uninhabited spot and bids them rest. He gives them bread ; boy 
 wants to drink ; father pUts his stick in ground, throws his coat over it, and tells 
 children to sit in shade of coat whilst he fetches them water. He leaves them 
 sorrowfully, but never returns; and they seek him in vain.— (2) At last one takes 
 the stick the other the coat, and they wander on and on. Presently they see 
 the prints of horses' hoofs filled with rain. Brother wants to drink, but sister 
 stops him or he would become a foal. They come upon prints of ox hoofs. 
 
142 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 Again brother would drink, but sister hinders him lest he turn into a 
 calf. She forbids his drinking from the prints of buffalo hoofs, of bear's paws, 
 of pig's feet, of wolf's paws, of sheep's feet, for fear of similar transformations. 
 But brother is dying of thirst and drinks from the pr.nt of sheep's feet, and is 
 transformed into a ram, and runs bleating after sister, — (3) They wander for 
 a long time ; at length reach home. Step-mother tells father to kill ram, 
 which she craves to eat. Sister saves ram at the last moment and leads him 
 into the mountains. — (4) Every day she takes him to pasture and meanwhile 
 spins thread. Once her distaff falls from her hand and rolls into a cave. 
 Leaving ram grazing she goes after distaff; finds in the cave a thousand-year- 
 old Deva lying, who seeing girl says: "It is impossible for feathered bird or 
 creeping snake to penetrate here ; how have you managed to enter, maiden ?" 
 Heroine in terror replies: ** From love to you, grandmamma !" Old woman 
 makes heroine sit by her and asks her about this and that ; then says: " I will 
 fetch you fish ; you mu^tbe hungry." She brings snakes and dragons, and 
 heroine afraid, weeps. Old woman atks why, and she says: '* I remember my 
 mother and therefore weep." She then tells all that has befallen her.— (5) 
 Old woman says she will sleep with head on heroine's knees. She makes a 
 fire, puts fire-hook into stove and says: "If Blackness passes by, don't wake 
 me ; if Rainbow- hued flies past, put the glowing fire-rake to my feet that I may 
 wake." Then she goes to sleep. Soon afterwards heroine sees a hijeous 
 black monster fly past, and she remains silent. Presently she sees the Rain- 
 bow-hued ; then she seizes the glowing fire-hook and flings it at feet of old 
 woman, who says: " Bah ! how the fleas bite !" and wakes up. — (6) Heroine 
 rises too ; her locks and clothes have been changed to gold by the lustre of 
 the Rainbow-hued. She kisses old woman's hand and asks permission to leave; 
 then takes Brother Ram home. Step-mother is out when they arrive. Heroine 
 secretly digs a hole near stove and buries gold clothes, then dons old ones. 
 Step-mother returns, notices her golden locks, and asks how she obtained 
 them. Heroine tells her everythirg. — (7) Next day stfp-mother sends own 
 daughter to the mountain. There she purposely drops her distaff which rolls to 
 cave. She goes after it; old Deva changes her into a scare-crow and sends her 
 home. — (8) That day king's son is to be married. Stepmother adorns own 
 daughter's head and takes her to palace to see wedding. Heroine dons gold 
 dress and shoes and goes after them. Hurrying to reach home before step- 
 mother she drops one gold shoe in the spring. King's horses are taken to well, 
 start back at sight of shoe and refuse to drink. King sends for wise men to 
 ask reason. — (9) Gold >hoe is found, and king proclaims his son shall wed 
 whomsoever shoe fits. Shoe is tried throughout the city. Step-mother pushes 
 heroine into stove and displays own daughter. — (10) Cock flies over the 
 threshold and crows three times: " Kikeriki ! the fairest of the fair sits in the 
 stove." King's messengers push step-mother aside, brirg forth heroine and fit 
 shoe. She is to be king's bride, and, clad in gold dress, driving Brother Ram 
 before her, she goes to palace. King's son marries her, and they feast seven 
 days and seven nights. — (11) Ore day step-mother and step-sister go to visit 
 heroine. Step-mother proposes bathing; then pmhes hercine far out to sea and 
 a large fish swallows her. — (12) Then she dresses own daughter in gold dress 
 
ARMENISCHE BIBLIOTHEK. ARNASON. I43 
 
 and seats her in heroine's place at palace, hidirg her face and head that she 
 may not be recognised. — (13) Heroine from inside fish hears voice of bell- 
 ringer and cries to him to cross himself seven times when he has summoned 
 the people to church, then go and tell king's son not to slaughter Brother Ram. 
 Bell-ringer twice hears the voice and goes to tell king's son, who returns with 
 him at night to sea-shore. — (14) Heroine cries out as before, and king's son, 
 recognising his wife's voice, draws sword, springs into sea, rips open fish, 
 and delivers her. They go home. — (15) King's son sends for stpp mother and 
 asks: *' What present shall I make you ? A barley-fed steed or a black -handled 
 knife?" Step-mother says: '' May the black -handled knife pierce the breast of 
 your enemy, but give me the bailey- fed steed." King's son orders step-mother 
 and daughter to be bound to the horse's tail and driven over hills and rocks 
 till nothing is left of them but their ears and a tuft of hair. Brother Ram, 
 heroine and king's son live happily together. 
 Three apples fall down from heaven. 
 
 Jon Arnason, Folk-tales of Iceland. Leipzig, 1862-64. (Trans- 
 lation by William Howard Carpenter, published in Folk-Lore 
 Record^ iii, pp. 237-41.) 
 
 Stepmother Story. 
 
 (i) King and queen have only daughter Mjadve'g. Queen dies ; father and 
 daughter lament at her tomb. King at last advised to marry again; journeys 
 to find wife. Comes to crowd round weepirg woman with one daughter 
 named Kroka. She has just lost husband ; corsents to marry king. 
 People observe that mother and daughter charge into giantesses when they 
 think they are alone. King grieves thereat.— (2) Kroka robs Mjadveig, to whom 
 mother appears in dream^ bidding her take and wear in her bosom what she 
 will find in the path. Heroine lodks and finds kerchief. Kroka discovers 
 this and tears it away from her. Heroine, again directed in dream, takes 
 clue of yarn found near path, and this runs before lier and conducts her to 
 bower. Here she dwells in comfort and unseen, though able to overlook 
 palace. — (3) One day she loses a shoe and vows she will marry whatever man 
 finds it, — (4) Shoe is picked up by a king's son, who hf s put ashore to visit king 
 at palace. He asks queen whether ary costly thing has been lost from trea- 
 sury. Queen says "Yes"; her daughter complained of having lost something but 
 would not say what. Prince shows shoe at her request ; she pretends it is her 
 daughter's and tskes it to her. Prince a.^ks to see daughter with shoe on, 
 then offers to marry her, and takes her to bis ship. "When they have sailed a 
 short distance, two birds settle in the rigging and say: 
 
 See note 4. 
 
144 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 " At the prow sits hewn heel, 
 Full is her shoe with blood ; 
 At home sits Mjadveig 
 In her golden bower. 
 Turn back, king's son." 
 
 King looks at bride's foot, and finding it mutilated, and that shoes do not 
 match, puts back to land. — (5) He comes upon Mjadveig's bower, talks to her, 
 and notices that she is wearing fellow shoe to one he carries and bids her put 
 on. Mjadveig tells him that queen and daughter are giantesses. He returns 
 to ship with Mjadveig as his bride, but lets it appear that he intends to marry 
 Kroka. Arrived at his kingdom he sends ship back for Kroka's mother, and 
 meanwhile puts Kroka to death and has body burnt. The ashes are made into 
 porridge and given to queen,^ who says it is good, but makes her thirsty. Voice 
 comes from her throat: ** Eat me not, mother." Queen is about to change into 
 giantess when she is fallen upon and killed, and burnt. — (6) Prince marries 
 heroine ; father is present at wedding. 
 
 .10 Jon Arnason, Icelandic Legends. Translated by Geo. E. J. 
 Powell and Eirikr Magnusson (2nd Series). London, 1866. 
 Pp- 235-250. 
 
 The Story of Mjadveig, Daughter of Mani. 
 
 (i) King Mani had beautiful daughter Mjadveig ; her mother died. King so 
 sorrowful thereat that things went awry, and his counsellors advised him to 
 jre-marry. — (2) So he sent two in search of a new queen. After sundry mishaps 
 they came to a wild land where they heard harp playing ; sounds led them to 
 tent, wherein sat lady, who, seeing them, dropped harp and swooned. When 
 she revived, they told their errand, and learned she was a queen whose 
 king had been slain by invaders, whose leader would have married her, but 
 she fled with daughter to wild country. — {3) She agreed to go with counsellors 
 and wed Mani, who, seeing her, forgot his grief and married her. — (4) One 
 4ay she and daughter took Mjadveig for walk and changed dresses of the girls, 
 laying spell on Mjadveig, so that other girl was taken for her. Then she 
 bound Mjadveig hand and foot, and put own daughter in Mjadveig's bower. 
 — (5) In sorrow- laden sleep Mjadveig dreamed her mother came ; unloosed 
 her ; gave her cloth with food, telling her never to let it be quite empty and 
 to let none see it All happened as she had dreamed. — (6) Queen sent 
 daughter to watch her ; daughter craftily offered to share her exile. Feigning 
 sleep, she saw Mjadveig take cloth and eat ; then she snatched cloth and ran 
 away. — (7) Again Mjadveig's mother came in dream, chiding her incaution, 
 but bidding her travel to the coast, whereon was house with key in door. She 
 
 See note 5. 
 
ARNASON. 
 
 145 
 
 was to go three times forward and taree times backward, touching key each 
 time, when, at last touch, door would open. There she lived, — (8) One day 
 she took fright at seeing many ships and ran home so fast that she lost one of 
 her gold shoes. — (9) The leader of fleet was prince who came to woo her ; on 
 landing he found shoe, and vowed to marry only the woman it fitted. — (10) 
 He went to Mani's palace, asked for Mjadveig, told his vow, whereon queen 
 took shoe to her daughter.— (11) It did not fit ; then queen cut off daughter's 
 heel and toe, got shoe on, took her to prince, who wooed her and started for 
 his own country.— (12) Passing Mjadveig's house he heard song of birds ; 
 knowing their language, he heard this song : 
 
 " Heel chopped off sits in the stern, 
 And full of blood is her shoe, 
 Here on the seaside 
 Does Mjadveig abide, 
 A far better bride to woo. 
 Turn back then, king's son, O turn !" 
 
 (13) Then he put spell-dissolving plate on bride's shoulders ; she became an 
 ugly troll and told him the truth. He killed her, salted body, which filled 
 twelve barrels, put it on ship laden with gunpowder. — (14) Then he rowed to 
 Mjadveig's house ; heard her story ; found gold shoe fitted her ; took her to 
 his ship; sailed to capital ; bade Mani and queen to wedding. — (15) Queen 
 pleaded illness, but came ; refused food, when prince offered her raw salt 
 meat, which she cooked. She ate for eleven days, becoming ugly troll while 
 eating. On twelfth day she ate twelfth barrel ; prince showed Mani cannibal 
 queen. Then he set fire to meat-ship, while queen on board, blowing her to 
 pieces. — (16) Prince told Mani all ; held wedding feast ; then Mani went 
 home and passes from this tale. — (17) Prince became king in his father's stead; 
 Mjadveig had son. — (18) One day at bath woman came; asked her to 
 exchange dresses ; cast spell on her, she and woman changed places and 
 shapes, but none knew this. — (19) Prince had moved Mjadveig's house near 
 her hall, but now all things went ill. — (20) One day herdsman walked by sea; 
 saw glass hall on rock, inside which woman like Mjadveig. Round hall was 
 iron chain, by which giant dragged it into sea. — (21) Herdsman saw child 
 drawing water at brook ; gave him gold ring, when dwarf appeared ; asked 
 what man wished for. He asked meaning of glass hall ; when dwarf told him 
 giant would free Mjadveig if in four times coming on shore some one came to 
 release her. — (22) Then dvS^arf gave man axe, wherewith he cut chain ; then 
 giant came ; was blinded by contents of bag dwarf flung ; rolled into sea and 
 was drowned. — (23) Then Mjadveig was freed ; tarried while dwarf and herds- 
 man went to tell prince. — (24) Then they put magic board on false queen, who 
 became troll ; was cast into prison, and killed. — (25) Herdsman brought back 
 Mjadveig, and was made an earl. 
 
146 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 273 Ibid., pp. 490-98. 
 
 '•The Tale of how three Damsels went to fetch Fire." 
 
 (i) Old man and woman, living far from inhabited parts, in cottage by the 
 sea, have three daughters, Irgibjorg, Sigridr, and Helga. The youngest is 
 ill-treated and made a drudge, — (2) The co'tage fire having gone out, eldest 
 daughter is sen*" a long journey to fetch fire. Passing a mound, she hears a 
 voice asking, " Will you have me with you or against you ? " She does not care 
 which. She reaches a cave, where she finds fire, a kettle of half-cooked meat, 
 and some unbaked flat-breids ; she kindles fire, cooks the food, burning the 
 bre^d, except one which she eats. Big dog comes up and begs for food ; she 
 kicks him ; he bites off her hand. She is frightened and runs home, forgetting 
 to take fire. — (3) Second daughter is sent and fares similarly, except that dog 
 bites off her nose. She returns without fire. — (4) Heroine is sent, repbes 
 civilly to voice in the mound, and cooks the meat and bread carefully, 
 wasting none, resolving to take nothing without owner's leave. Hideous 
 giant enters with savage-looking dog, invites her kindly to take fond, and to 
 sleep either with his dog or himself. Whilst lying down in the dog's lair she 
 is so terrified by thunderous tremblings and noises that she is at length per- 
 suaded to rest by the giant's side. — (5) Thereupon he changes into beautiful 
 prince, and heroine seizes the troU's-shape and burns it to ashes, thereby 
 releasing him from spell. — (6) Next morning prince promises to fetch her 
 later to marry him, gives her a tunic which she must wear out of sight under 
 her clothes, also a chest, which she is not to hide, filled with precious things, 
 and two splendid dresses. Dog brings her a ring, and she hies to the cottage, 
 carrying the fire. — (7) All her presents, except the tunic, are taken from her. — 
 (8) After a time a vessel anchors opposite cottage. Heroine's father con- 
 verses with the master, not knowing him to be prince, and tells him he has 
 a wife and two daughters. Daughters are fetched, and appear in heroine's 
 fine clothes, but one is hiding a hand, the other covering her nose. — (9) 
 Stranger insists on knowing why, and at length induces father to produce 
 youngest daughter, who appears before him in dirty rags. Stranger tears rags 
 off her and she stands forth in shining tunic. — (10) He strips elder sisters of 
 stolen finery and flings them heroine's rags ; then he sails away with heroine 
 and marries her. 
 
 11 P. Chr. Asbjornsen, Nor, Billedbogfor den Norske Ungdom. 
 
 Christiania, 1837. 
 
 "Kari Tr^stak." 
 
 (i) Heroine's name is Kari ; and, because she has no 01 her petticoat than 
 a wooden one, she is called Kari Traestak (Wooden- Cloak). She has a brother. 
 Their parents leave thetn as sole heirloom a pan (to bake flat loaves), which 
 the boy takes, and a cat, which becomes heroine's j roperty. They se: out 
 
ASBJORNSEN ASBJORNSEN AND MOE. I47 
 
 to try their luck in the wide world. — (2) Kari is advised by cat to enter 
 kitchei in king's castle, where she gets situation as cook's help. — (3) Cat 
 goes into the wood and catches a reindeer, which king buys for a hundred 
 dollars. With this money cat procures for heroine a horse and saddle, and 
 a dress shining like the stars. — (4) Kirg throws water at heroine. — (5) She 
 goes to church. He falls in love with her, runs afier her, and gets one of her 
 gloves; asks whence she comes. — (6) Cat catches a stag, which king buys for 
 two hundred dollars.— (7) Towel thrown at heroine. — (8) She goes to church 
 second time. — (9) Cat catches an elk. King pays three hundred dollars for 
 it. — (10) Comb thrown at heroine. — (ii) She goes third time to church. 
 Prince has pitch poured in porch. Heroine loses gold shoe. — (12) Prince 
 will wed M^homsoever it fits. Many try in vain. — (13) Queen brings ugly 
 stepdaughter, who puts on shoe. As they ride to church, bird denounces 
 false bride, whose foot is mutilated. — (14) Prince turns back ; sends for Kari 
 Trsestakto try shoe. It fits her. She doffs wooden cloak, and shows golden 
 gown and fellow gold shoe. — (15) Prince marries her. 
 
 ASBJORNSEN OG MoE, Norske Foikeeventyr^ No. XIX, " Kari 
 Trsestak". 
 
 (See jDasent, No 30.) 
 
 P. Chr. ASBJORNSEN OG JoRGEN MoE, Norske Folkeeventyr. 2nd 12 
 ed. Christiania, 1852. P. 416. (From Bygland, Norway.) 
 
 "Kari Tr^stak." 
 
 (i) Widowed king with one daughter marries widowed queen with one 
 daughter. Stepmother ill-treats heroine. — (2) On Sunday queen and her daugh- 
 ter go to church, and make heroine stay at home. Queen scatters a bushel of 
 pease for heroine to pick up, bes'des having dinner leady by their return. 
 Heroine goes out to fetch water, weeping. — (3) A voice from the hillock asks 
 why she cries. She tells the reason, and receives from those in the hillock 
 a brass dress, horse and saddle, and is told to ride to church. The dinner 
 will be cooked and the pease collected by her return. [The story proceeds 
 like " Kari Troestak" (see No. Ii), except that heroine does not serve in the 
 king's castle.] 
 
 Ibid.^ p. 416. (From Hardanger, Norway.) 13 
 
 "Kari Tr^stak." 
 
 (i) A man goes out to seek his runaway horse. Seeing smoke in the 
 distance, he goes in that direction and comes to a house, which he eaters, 
 inquiring for his horse. In the house dwells a widow with two daughters, 
 
 L 2 
 
148 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 Magpie and Crow. They have seen no horse, but invite the man to rest. 
 Having sat some time in the proffered chair, he says it is time for him to be 
 going. "Squeeze him, my chair!" says the woman; and the chair squeezes 
 him so that he is unable to rise. This happens a second and a third time. 
 At last the man may be released on consenting to marry the widow. He 
 does so; they are married. — (2) His own daughter is ill-treated by step- 
 mother and stepsisters ; sent to herd the cattle with nothing for her dinner 
 but a grey stone and three spoonfuls of milk in a box. Heroine thrives, in 
 spite of three days of such treatment. — (3) On the fourth day Magpie is sent 
 to spy, but discovers nothing — (4) On the fifth day Crow is sent. When she 
 arrives, heroine sa}s: "Come, s'ster, I will louse you!" and does so, till 
 Crow falls asleep. Then heroine drinks from one ear of the ox and eats from 
 the other, till she is more beautiful than ever. — (5) But Crow has a hidden 
 eye in the back of her neck, and goes home and tells what she has seen. The 
 ox is killed, and buried in a mound; on this spot springs up a house, 
 lurnished with every imaginable thirg— amongst others, three dresses, called 
 sun, moon, and star. Only stepdaughter knows of it. — (6) Stepmother and 
 daughters ride to church, after having thrown a bushel of rye in the ashes for 
 heroine to pick up, unless she would like to be killed. Heroine cries. All 
 the little birds come warbling : ** Go to church : we will collect the rye !" 
 She hies to the house on the mound, dons the star-dress, goes to church, and 
 is home before the others, who afterwards talk about the lovely stranger. — (7) 
 The second time she wears the moon-dress to church, and on the third time 
 the sun-dress. — (8) She loses one of her golden slippers. Prince, being in 
 love with her, announces that whoever can wear the shoe is to be queen. — (9) 
 Stepmother cuts a large piece off Magpie's leg and half of Crow's foot, but in 
 vain. — (10) She is compelled to let heroine appear, and the shoe fits her, and 
 prince marries her. 
 
 14 Ibid.^ p. 420. (From Hardanger.) 
 
 "Kari Tr^stak." 
 
 (i) Heroine having served a troll, is seen by prince in church. — (2) He 
 follows her, and on the third Sunday gets hold of her golden slipper. — (3) 
 Stepmother's daughter cuts her heel and toe to get on shoe, but birds 
 denounce her, singing : 
 
 " A chopped-off toe, a heel cut, too ! 
 She sits on the hearth who can wear the shoe." 
 
 15 Ibid.^ p. 420. (From Fjeldberg.) 
 
 " Lindedronningen" (The Lime-tree Queen). 
 
 (l) Widower with beautiful daughter marries widow with two wicked 
 daughters. Stepmother ill-treats heroine, clothing her in rags. — (2) One 
 
ASBJORNSEN AND MOE ATHANAS'EV. 1 49 
 
 Sunday heroine is sitting sorrowfully under a large lime-tree growing near the 
 farm, when suddenly a door in the tree opens, and out steps the lime-tree 
 queen. She is so strangely fair and shinirg that heroine must reeds close her 
 eyes. — (3) Queen takes her into tree, dresses her, and lets her drive to 
 church, where prince sees her, and falls in love with her. She disappears, 
 saying : 
 
 *' White before, behind me black ; 
 The way I go let no one track. "^ 
 
 She returns to tree and dons her old rags. — (4) Next Sunday she knocks at 
 lime-tree, saying: 
 
 " Open, lime-tree, open, pray ! 
 I want to go to church to-day." 
 
 She goes in coach-and-four.— (5) Third Sunday she goes in coach-and-six, 
 and loses her gold shoe. It is tried by everyone. — (6) The denouncing birds 
 are driven away by stepmother's daughter, until prince forbids it. Then he 
 hears them sing : 
 
 " A bit off the toe, and off the heel, too ! 
 You may see it is so ; full of blood is the shoe.* 
 
 — (7) Prince marries heroine. 
 
 A. ]<i. Athanas'ev, J?2^ssian Folk-fa/es. Moscow, 1861. Part vi, 144 
 pp. 143-50. Tale No. XXVIII. 
 
 "SviNOi Chekhol" (Pigskin Hood). 
 
 ( I ) A jjrand duke has a beautiful wife, who dies leaving a beautiful daugh- 
 ter. Father falls in love with heroine, and wants to marry her. — (2) She 
 goes weeping to mother's grave. Mother says : ** Ask your father for a dress 
 covered with stars." The father buys such a dress, and is more ardent. 
 Heroine goes again to grave, and mother bids her ask for a dress embroidered 
 with the sun in front and the moon at the back. Father buys the dress, and 
 is still more amorous. — (3) Mother now bids her ask for a hood made of 
 pigskin. When this is made heroine puts it on, and father is so disgusted 
 with her that he drives her from home. She wanders for two days, and on 
 the third day a storm arises. She climbs into an oak-tree, and hides among 
 the branches. — (4) The king's son passes with his dogs, who notice the girl 
 and bark. Prince sends back his servanf, who reports that there is a curious 
 animal up the tree. Prince comes to the tree, and asks : " Who are you ? 
 Can >ou speak?" *'I am Pid[skin Hood." Prince takes her home, and 
 shows her to his parent? as a curiosity. Heroine is put in a separate room. — 
 (5) A ball is given at the palace. Heroine asks permission to look on at the 
 door, but is refused. She goes to the field, dons her star-dress, whistles, and 
 a splendid carriage appears. She drives to the palace, enters the ball-room, 
 
 I See n 'le 6, 
 
150 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 and dances. All are amazed at her beauty. Then she disappears, resumes 
 her pigskin hood, and returns to her room. — (6) The same thing happens a 
 second time, only heroine wears the sun- and moon- dress. — (7) On the third 
 occasion she looks most lovely [description of dress not given], and the prince 
 falls in love with her. Wishing to discover who she is, he has some pitch put 
 on the steps, and one of her shoes sticks to it. — (8) The prince travels with 
 it all over the country in search of its owner, but in vain. — (9) On his return 
 he goes to Pigskin Hood, and asks her to show her feet. The shoe fits her, 
 and the prince destroys the pigs-kin hood and marries the beautiful girl. — 
 (10) One day he asks why she wore it: "Because", she says, **I was 
 exactly like my dead mother, and my father wanted to marry me." 
 
 Note. — In No. XXV1II<5 {ibid.y Part vi), a priest insists on marrying his 
 daughter. She weeps at mother's grave. Dead mother "comes out from her 
 grave" to advise her. Girl obtains from father pigskin dress, and two sets of 
 gorgeous apparel ; the former she herself assumes, in the latter she dresses up 
 three wooden puppets. She takes her place in the midst of these. Earih 
 opens, and all four sink into it. 
 
 In another version {ibid.^ Part vii, No. XXIX) the father kills his daughter. 
 
 In No. XVIII {ibid.^ Part vi), Prince Daniel, the Talker, seeks to wed his 
 sister because magic ring fits her. Old women tell her to make four puppets 
 and place one in each corner of her room. After marriage-service bride 
 hastens back to her room. When she is called the puppets coo ; earth opens, 
 and girl sinks into it. 
 
 In another version {ibid.. Part 11, No. XXXI) son is ordered by parents to 
 marry his sister after their death j she prepares puppets j they speak ; earth 
 opens and swallows girl. 
 
 16 Athanas'ev, Russian Folk-tales. Moscow, 1861. Part vi, 
 
 pp. 152-54, No. XXX. 
 
 "Chernushka" (Little Cinderella). 
 
 (i) A gentleman and his wife had a beautiful daughter named Masha. 
 The wife died, and the gentleman married a widow, who had two bad 
 daughters. They ill-treated Masha. She had'to do all hard work at home, 
 clean stoves and attend to fires, and was nicknamed "the Black Girl". — (2) 
 One day, the king of that country atmounced that he wanted a wife, and 
 invited all maids to the palace. The stepmother took her two daughters to 
 the king, but refused to take Masha. They left her a bushelful of barley, 
 soot, and flour, mixed together, and told her to separate them all by the time 
 of their return. Masha went on the steps leading to the house, and burst 
 into tears. Two doves flew in, and separated barley, soot, and flour. — (3) 
 Afterwards one of the doves alighted on her right, and the other on her left 
 shoulder ; and, in an instant, Masha discovered that she was beautifully 
 dressed. "Go to the palace," said the doves, "but do not stay there till 
 midnight." Masha did as she was told. All were surprised at her beauty. 
 The king fell in love with her. Remembering doves' words, she returned 
 
athanas'ev. 151 
 
 home before midnight. The king tried to catch her, but could not. — (4) On 
 the following evening the same thing was repeated. On the third evening the 
 doves dressed Masha better than ever. She went to the palace, and, dancing 
 and enjoying herself, forgot about time. Midnight struck. Masha rushed 
 home. The prince ordered the stairs to be covered with pitch, and Masha 
 lost one of her shoes. — (5) On the following day, prince's messengers tried to 
 find owner of shoe, but could not ; shoe would not fit any maid. At 
 last they came to Masha's house. The stepmother told her eldest daughter to 
 put the shoe on; it would not fit. " Cut off your great toe," she cried, *' and 
 the shoe will fit. You will become princess, and need never walk." The 
 girl did so, and succeeded in putting on shoe. Suddenly two doves flew up, 
 and cried, *' Blood on the foot." The messengers, seeing blood dripping, 
 said, "You are not the right maid." — (6) Stepmother tried shoe on second 
 daughter, but failed. — (7) Messengers observed Masha, and asked her to try 
 shoe. It fitted her exactly, and instantly she was dressed in the finest of 
 dresses. They took her to the prince. When she went to church to be 
 married, one of the doves sat upon her right shoulder and the other upon her 
 left. — (8) After the ceremony the doves flew to the stepsisters, and plucked 
 out one eye of each. * 
 
 Athanas'ev, Russian Folk-tales. Moscow, 1861. Part vi. 227 
 No. LIV, pp. 270-73. 
 
 " Kroshechka-Khavroshichka." 
 
 (i) Heroine is an orphan and is very ill-used. Her cruel mistress has three 
 daughters. Heroine toils for them all and never receives a kind word. — 
 (2) She goes into the field, puts her arms round the neck of the spotted cow, 
 and says : ** My beloved cow, they are so unkind to me ; they have given me 
 five poods {pood=^4o\h. Eng.) of flax to be made into linen." "Poor dear 
 child," says cow, "all you need do is to creep into one of my ears and come 
 out at the other, and all will be ready.*' So it happens. Heroine takes linen 
 home, and mistress gives her twice as much to do next day. Same thing 
 happens again. — (3) Mistress is surprised, and the following day sends one- 
 eyed daughter to spy. She forgets what she has to do and goes to sleep, when 
 heroine says, "One-eye, sleep." Before she wakes all is performed as usual. 
 — (4) Mistress having learnt nothing, sends second daughter, called Two-eyes. 
 The same thing happens, when heroine says, "One-eye, sleep! Two-eyes, 
 sleep !" — (5) Mistress is very angry, and on third day sends three-eyed 
 daughter. Heroine says, " One-eye, sleep ! Two-eyes, sleep !" forgetting 
 the third, which stays awake and sees everything. Daughter tells mistress, 
 who says next day to husband, " Kill the spotted cow." He objects to 
 doing so, but sharpens his knife. Meanwhile heroine runs to tell cow, 
 who says: "Don't you eat any part of me under any circumstances what- 
 ever ; but collect my bones, bury them in the garden, and from time to 
 time pour some water over them." — (6) Girl does as bidden ; and on the spot 
 there grows an apple-tree with golden leaves and silver branches and crystal 
 
152 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 fruit.^ All passers-by are amazed. — (7) One day, whilst the three sisters are 
 playing together in the field, a young and wealthy youth passing by says he 
 will marry one of them if she will give him one of those apples. Girls rush 
 to the apple-tree, whose apples look easy to pick; but as soon as girls attempt 
 to touch them they rise up out of reach. Girls try all manner of ways but 
 cannot succeed, and quarrel and fight with each other. Meanwhile heroine 
 comes up, and the apples immediately descend for her. The rich young man 
 marries her. 
 
 228 Athanas'ev, Russian Folk-tales. Moscow, 1861. No. LV, 
 
 pp. 273-76. 
 
 "Burenushka." 
 
 (i) In a certain kingdom lives a king with his wife and his daughter Mary. 
 When queen dies king marries again. Stepmother has two daughters, one 
 with two eyes, one with three eyes, and she ill-treats Mary, sending her to 
 mind the spotted cow with only a piece of dry bread to eat. — (2) When she is 
 in the field heroine bows to the right foot of the cow, and then there is plenty 
 of food for her. She takes the piece of bread back home and puts it on the 
 table. — (3) Queen is very much surprised ; gives her same piece of bread next 
 day, and sends one of her daughters to discover whence Mary gets food. 
 When they reach the field Mary says : "Let us sit here. I will comb your 
 hair." Whilst doing so she repeats, "Sister dear, go to sleep ! Little eye, 
 sleep ! Second eye, sleep likewise !" Stepsister falls asleep, whereupon 
 Mary bows to cow's right foot and gets food as before. In the evening Mary 
 calls out, " Get up ! it is time to go home." ** Oh dear ! oh dear ! I have slept 
 all day and seen nothing. Mother will be so angry." On their return 
 mother asks, "Well, what did Mary eat?" Girl cannot tell her.— (4) Fol- 
 lowing day que^n sends three- eyed daughter to spy. Same thing happens, 
 but ^the third eye stays awake and sees everything. Girls return, and step- 
 sister tells queen everything she has witnessed. — (5) Queen orders cow to be 
 slain, and it is done. Mary asks for a portion of the entrails, and buries it in 
 the door-post. A shrub {cytisus) grows from it, covered with sweet berries. 
 Birds sit in its branches, singing. — (6) When Prince Ivan hears of it, he 
 comes to the queen, puts a cup on the table, and says, " I will marry the girl 
 who can fill this cup with berries." Stepmother sends eldest daughter, but the 
 birds will not allow her to touch the berries. She sends second daughter with 
 like result. At last she allows Mary to try, and the moment she approaches 
 the bush the birds begin to pluck the berries and fill her cup. — (7) Prince 
 Ivan therefore marries heroine. In the course of time Princess Mary has a 
 son, and she goes with husband to visit her father. — (8) Stepmother changes 
 Mary into a goose and substitutes eldest daughter as Prince Ivan's wife.^ 
 They return to prince's home. — (9) Very early in the morning the nurse, an 
 
 1 See note 7. 2 gee note 8. 
 
ATHANAS'eV — DAS AUSLAND. 153 
 
 old man, takes the child in his arms, and goes into the field. A flock of 
 geese fly past, and he says to them, "Geese, have you seen this child's 
 mother?" One of the geete alights on the ground, takes off its feather-skin, 
 lifts the child in her arms, and begins to suckle it.^ She weeps, and as she 
 weeps she says, ** To-day, my loved one, I shall suckle you, to-morrow also, 
 but on the third day, alas ! I shall fly, fly away." Then the old man returns 
 home, and the child sleeps the whole day without waking. The pretended 
 mother says : ** The old man must have let the child die of hunger." — (lo) 
 Next morning old man takes child to the field as usual. On this occasion 
 Prince Ivan watches him from behind bush. Some wild geese are passing, 
 and old man asks if they have seen child's mother. They answer: ** In the 
 second flock." Second flock passes, and old man asks again. Then mother 
 descends, takes off" feather-dress, and begins to suckle child, and doing so 
 bursts into tears, crying, ** To-morrow I shall fly far, far away, to dark 
 forests, mid high mountains." Then she says, ** Dear me ! what a peculiar 
 smell there is !" and begins to look for her feather-skin. — (ii) She cannot 
 find it, for Prince Ivan has burnt it. He seizes Mary. In an instant she 
 turns into a frog, then into a lizard, then into a snake, lastly, into a 
 distaff. Prince Ivan breaks the distaff" into halves, throws one behind 
 him and one in front, and instantly his young wife stands before him. 
 Then they return home, and the false wife, seeing Mary, cries, * ' Here 
 comes a bhameless woman !" — (12) Prince Ivan assembles other princes and 
 counsellors, and asks them with which of his wives he is bound to live. 
 " Surely," they say, •* with the first." ** Well, I shall live with whichever 
 wife can the more quickly climb up the gates leading to the palace. " Second 
 wife climbs the gates very quickly, but Priricess Mary simply tries and fails. 
 Meanwhile Prince Ivan seizes a gun and shoots the woman on the top of the 
 gate. Thenceforward he lives happily with Mary. 
 
 D'AuLNOY, Madame, Contes des Fees, 1698. 
 
 " FiNETTE CeNDRON." 
 
 (See No. 56.) 
 
 Das Ausland, Jahrgang 1832. Mdrche?! und Kinderspiele in 17 
 Griechenland, von Dr. Zuccarini. No. LVIII, p. 230. (Col- 
 lected amongst the lower orders.) 
 
 " 'ErarjTOTrov TU." 
 
 (i) Three sisters live with mother in great poverty. Elder sisters kill 
 mother, and feast on her flesh. The youngest, STaTjToiroura (Aschenputtel), 
 
 1 See note 9. 
 
154 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 will not partake of the meal. She collects mother's bones, fetches priest, 
 incense, and tapers, and buries bones under a tree, A wonderful bird sings 
 overhead (song not given). — (2) Heroine finds golden clothes, and all sorts of 
 finery, and is made very beautiful. Has to suffer much from envious sisters, 
 who make her do menial work, — (3) Once they all three go to church, and 
 prince falls in love with heroine. He has threshold of the church smeared 
 with honey, and, as they come out, every woman's shoe is left sticking. — (4) 
 Heroine's is the smallest, and prince takes it and proclaims that he will wed 
 the owner. Sisters keep heroine out of sight. When prince comes to their 
 house she is in hen-house ; but he discovers her, and presently marries her. — 
 
 (5) An old woman, sent by sisters, comes to do heroine's hair, and 
 meanwhile tells her stories. Her hair turns to feathers, and she is transformed 
 into a little bird. Old woman sets all manner of traps, but cannot catch it. 
 It flies on to the roof, and sings, *' Basilapule, basilapule !" and relates, in 
 singing, its history. Prince has bird caught, and it repeats its song to him, — 
 
 (6) He has old woman seized and compelled to remove spell. He must do 
 this himself, by plucking out the feathers, whereupon heroine regains human 
 form. Old woman is killed, and sisters are hanged. 
 
 145 C. Baissac, Le Folk-lore de VJle-Maurice. (Texte Creole et 
 traduction fiangaise.) Paris, 1888, No. XI, pp. 118-28. 
 
 "The Story of Peau d'Ane." 
 
 (i) Widowed king has lovely daughter, and one day suggests that they 
 should marry. She at first refuses, but he begs so much that at last she says 
 yes. He promises her three dresses, like the sun, the moon, the stars, and 
 sends messengers who obtain them. — (2) Then she refuses to marry him 
 because her fairy-godmother has forbidden it. Early on the wedding-day she 
 wakes up, puts a covering (palia9at) on her head, goes to father, and says : ** I 
 am so untidy, and don't feel well ; better wait till another day." Two or three 
 days afterwards, when father proposes marriage, she asks for the slcin of the 
 gold-ass whence he derives his wealth ; otherwise she will not marry him. 
 After two days' deliberation, king consents to give it her ; but they must be 
 married next day. — (3) At cock-crow next morning heroine runs to godmother 
 who bids her put all her clothes in a box and escape : she will join her at the 
 street-corner. King suspects nothing ; heroine and godmother travel till they 
 reach another country. Godmother has made a dress for heroine out of ass- 
 skin, and leads her to king's palace. — (4) Heroine persuades king to engage 
 her as goose-girl. He gives her a wretched little room at the bottom of trie 
 courtyard. Two or three months pass. One day queen chances to see 
 heroine, and asks her name. She says it is '* Peau d'Ane". Queen tells her 
 she has a large dinner-party to-morrow, and heroine must help cook. She is 
 to make a cake. — (5) The same evening, queen's son out walking, notices a 
 light through a crack in door of old hovel, looks through keyhole, and sees 
 a lovely girl. He rattles the door, enters, and has a long, long talk with 
 
BAISSAC BALFOUR. 155 
 
 heroine. Before parting he tells her not to tell his mother, but to make the 
 cake as bidden, and put his ring into it. Then he will pretend to be choked, 
 and they will have to send for a doctor. Heroine does this. — (6) Prince 
 notices just where the ring is, and takes that slice of the cake for himself, and 
 pretends to be strangled, making a great to-do. Everyone gets up ; they 
 upset the table, and the lamp goes out, the glasses are smashed, and there is 
 great confusion. All ask what is the matter ; mother looks into his throat 
 and sees the ring. She tries to extract it. Impossible ! All the young girls 
 try. No use ! Peau d'Ane is there looking on, and marks father's alarm. — 
 (7) He sends a soldier to sound the trumpet and proclaim in all the streets 
 that if any young girl can extract the ring from the prince's throat, the prince 
 shall marry her. Quite a procession of girls tile past him, and each one rokes 
 about in his throat in vain. Queen begins to weep. Prince tries to speak, 
 and mutters to his mo' her, " Oh, how I suffer ! let Peau d'Ane try ; perhaps 
 she can do it." l^he puts her finger down, and the ring just tits round it, and 
 comes out on it. — (8) Prince says he will certainly marry Peau d'Ane. Queen 
 is very vexed, but prince says he must keep promise made by king. Whilst 
 they dispute over the matter, in comes fairy godmother, taps Peau d'Ane with 
 her wand, and lo ! she is a lovely princess in a dress like the sun. There is a 
 grand wedding. 
 
 Balfour, Mrs. Unpublished Story from Lincolnshire. 274 
 
 " Tatter-Coats." 
 
 (l) In palace by the sea lives a great lord with a little grand-daughter 
 whom he hates, because of her resemblance to the dearly-loved daughter who 
 died at her birth. Child is neglected and lonely, and her greatest friend is 
 the goose-herd. — (2) King is passing through the land, and orders the nobles 
 to meet and do him honour. Grandfather, richly clad, goes in chariot of 
 state to meet king. Old nurse asks if little girl shall not go too, but is 
 mocked at by master and other servants, who say, *' Mistress Tatter- Coats is 
 only happy in her rags, with bare feet, herding geese in the lane." Tatter- 
 Coats weeps at this, and herd-boy proposes that they go by themselves to meet 
 king. — (3 ) On the way a handsome youth, clad in velvet and gold, stops them 
 to ask way to the town where king will meet his nobles, then dismounts to 
 walk beside them, and falls in love with sweet Tatter-Coats. He asks her to 
 marry him, but she laughs, and says he would be ashamed of a poor goose- 
 girl for a wife. He persuades her to go that night to the ball with her geese, 
 and in her torn petticoat with her bare feet, and promises to dance with her, 
 and present her to the king as his dear bride. — (4) At the stroke of midnight 
 she enters the great hall at lower end, is met by her lover — he in satin and 
 jewels, she in rags with bare feet, and followed by the quacking geese and the 
 ragged herdboy. They stand before the king, and the herdboy takes out his 
 pipe and begins to play, when lo ! her rags turn to silken folds, a golden 
 crown sits on her golden hair, and the geese become a crowd of little page- 
 boys bearing her train. Her lover is the king's son. 
 
156 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 258 Ks. Sadok Baracz, Bajkt, fraszki, podania, etc. ("Contes, 
 faceties, legendes, proverbes et chants de la Ruthenie", ix.^ de 
 la Gallicie de Test, environs de Lemberg.) Tarnopol, 1866. 
 Pp. 97-8. 
 
 " Kopciuszek" (" Cinderella", from kopec^ soot, verb kopcic). 
 
 (i) A beautiful girl, not wishing to marry the man her father has chosen for 
 her, carries off her fine clothes and escapes to the wood. — (2) She dons a 
 cloak and goes to take service. Her master frequently hits her with a brush 
 and throws water over her head. — (3) There is a ball given in the town, to 
 which master goes. Heroine dresses up and goes too, and puzzles her master, 
 telling him she comes from a place where they hit you with a brush and 
 throw water over your head. This happens three times. — (4) At length 
 master recognises his servant and marries her. 
 
 259 JMd., p. 98. Variant of the foregoing. 
 
 Cloak is made of wolfs-skin, master hits heroine with his stick and with a 
 broom, and recognition is brought about by means of some cakes which 
 heroine prepares for him. 
 
 145 Karl Bartsch, Sagen, Mdrchen U7id Gebrduche aus Meklenburg^ 
 gesammelt und herausgegeben von. Wien, 1879. Vol. i, pp. 
 479-81. 
 
 " ASCHENPUSTER." 
 
 (i) A rich man, whose wife is dead, falls in love with his beautiful daughter, 
 and would compel her to marry him. — (2) At last she thinks to escape him by 
 stratagem, and feigning compliance, only requires that he shall first give her a 
 dress of silver, a dress stiff with gold, and one that will stand alone with jewels. 
 "When she has all these, she wants a coat of crow's feathers, and after that a 
 wishing- wand. These she gets also. — (3) There dwells in the land a hand- 
 some prince who has heard of the girl's beauty. She takes wand in her 
 hand, the dresses on her shoulder, and wishes herself near the prince's castle. 
 Instantly she is transported to the palace garden. Then she wishes for a cup- 
 board in corner of garden, puts her dresses in it, dons crow-skin, and goes to 
 palace-kitchen, giving herself out to be boy seeking employment. — (4) Cook 
 engages her as scullion (Aschenpiister). Two days afterwards prince brings 
 some game which he has killed into kitchen. Heroine falls in love with him. 
 Soon afterwards prince attends wedding in neighbouring castle. Many people 
 go to see the dance. Heroine begs cook's leave to go and look on. — (5) She 
 runs to her cupboard, dons silver dress, wishes for a carriage, and drives to the 
 
BARTSCH BASILE. 1 57 
 
 castle. Prince dances with her ; but she disappears after second dance, gets 
 into carriage, and says : 
 
 " Darkness behind me and clearness ahead, 
 That none may discover whither I've sped." 
 
 Next morning prince is in a bad temper, fur all nighc he has lain awake think- 
 ing of beautiful partner. — (6) Aschenpuster has to clean h's boots, and she 
 leaves a tiny speck on the toe. Prince notices it, comes in a rage into kitchen 
 and throws boot at her head. Next nighc she appears at ball in gold dress ; 
 tells prince she comes from Boot-Cast, and presently disappears as before. 
 Prince inquires in vain where place is. — (7) Next morning when she is brush'ng 
 his coat he throws clothes-brush at her head. That night she appears at ball 
 in jewel dress, and says she comes from Brush-Cast. He puts a ring on her 
 finger and follows close behind when she goes home. She has only time to 
 throw crow- skin mantle over magic dress. — (8) Next morning, when cook is 
 making soup, heroine lets her ring drop into it. Prince finds it, and inquires 
 who was in the k"tchen. Heroine is sent for, and is made to search the prince's 
 head. Then he sees jewel dress sparkling through the disguise. — (9) He 
 recognises her, and marries her. 
 
 GiAMBATTiSTA Basile, ArcMvio dc Litteratura popolare. Napoli, 147 
 1883. Anno i, No. VI. Pp. 42-43. (F'rom Pomigliano d'Arco, 
 Province of Naples. Contributed by Vittorio Imbriani.) 
 
 " O CuNTO d' 'a Bella-Pilosa" (The Story of the Hairy-Belle). 
 
 (i) A man has wife and daughter, each with hair and teeth of gold. Wife 
 dies, and widower, wishing a second wife like deceased, is counselled by ^ 
 devil to wed own daughter. — (2) Heroine persists in refusal, at last asks leave 
 to consult confessor. She goes to mother's grave and weeps. Mother bids 
 her demand first a dress of golden bells ; next, a dress with sun in front and 
 moon at back. Father obtains both with aid of the devil. — (3) Then, coun- 
 selled by mother, heroine asks for two doves, shuts herself in her room to 
 wash her feet before wedding, and escapes, leaving doves splashing in the 
 water. — (4) She dons a wolf's skin and takes service as goose- herd at king's 
 palace ; is called Hairy-Belle. King's son would like to spend some hours 
 with Hairy-Belle, but she objects, fearing to be discharged, and therefore pre- 
 tends she is ugly and dirty. — (5) One day he invites her to ball to which he is 
 going. She refuses, but when he has started she washes her gold hair and 
 teeth (which had been stained), dons the dress of gold bells, and goes to ball. 
 King's son dances with her, and puts a ring on her finger. She rushes away 
 before ball is over, and undresses. — (6) Next day king's son tells her all about 
 meeting at ball, and begs her to go that night with him. She persistently 
 refuses, pleading her wretchedness, but presently goes in sun- and moon-dress, 
 dances with him, and accepts his bracelet. She escapes home and undresses. 
 
y\ 
 
 158 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 — (7) Next day king's son tells all to his mother, and adds that the beauty 
 was just like Hairy-Belle, and that he would willingly marry her. Queen 
 reproves him. Prince is angry and falls ill, and makes his doctor recommend 
 a cake made by whomsoever patient wishes. Doctor says cake must be pre- 
 pared according to prince's fancy. Queen is displeased when prince wishes 
 Hairy-Belle to make cake, but gives her flour. — (8) Heroine puts ring in 
 cake. Prince is convinced that Hairy-Belle is the ball beauty, and feels better. 
 He wants her to make another cake. Queen objects, but yields. Prince finds 
 bracelet in cake, and means to marry Hairy- Belle. — (9) Queen objects ; but 
 at last he goes himself to ask for heroine, who makes known that she is a 
 princess, doffs old- woman skin {sic), and marries prince. 
 
 148 Ibid., Annoii, No. VII (July 1884), pp. 51-53. (From Rogiano- 
 Gravina, province of Cosenza in Calabria ; contributed by 
 Vittorio Caravelli.) 
 
 " 'A RuMANZA d' 'i tri Bistiti" (The Story of the Three 
 Dresses). 
 
 (l) A man named Sarafino has daughter Luisa. His wife falls ill, and 
 before dying bids him marry a lady who can wear her wedding-ring. — (2) One 
 day Luisa tries on ring and cannot remove it from finger. She hides it with 
 piece of rag, but father insists on seeing fing^er, and then wants to marry her. 
 Luis I, counselled by her nurse {inaitwia di latte), demands from father a dress 
 of gold lined with rabbit-skins, which shall leave behind it a trail of gold. 
 Serafino, in quest of such a f^ress, meets a handsome youth, really the devil {la 
 tentazione), who mounts him on a horse, and conducts h'm at a bound to a 
 shop, where he finds the very thing. Luisa in despair again consults nurse, 
 and asks father for dress with sun, moon, and stars of gold all round it. 
 Father procures it with aid of devil, and also a third dress, the colour of the 
 sea, with gold fishes all round. — (3) Daughternow demands and obtains a cage 
 into which she can shut herself and not be recognised ; then tells father he 
 must go first to church, she will follow, and they shall be married. — (4) Father 
 starts, and Luisa shuts herself in cage, flies off and stops at palace of king, 
 whose son is to be betrothed that night to royal princess. —(5) Heroine, in 
 dress i»f rabbit-skins, takes service as poultry-herd. — (6) In the evening she 
 turns dress inside out, and appears in splendour at ball. King's son dances 
 with her, and drops in her lap the jewel intended for his betrothed. Luisa 
 vanishes ; prince is bafiled, and orders sentinels on paia of death to stop the 
 beautiful lady should she come next night. — (7) The servants tell the poultry- 
 herd all about it, and she shows no interest. She appears at ball next night 
 in sun-, moon-, and stars-dress. Prince deserts his betrothed to dance' with 
 heroine, and gives her necklace intended for the former. Heroine leaves ; 
 sentinels follow, till she throws silver coins at them and hurts them. Prince 
 will spare their lives provided they overtake beautiful lady on the morrow. 
 — (8) Next morning servants tell pouhry-herd, who remains indifferent. In the 
 
BASILE. 
 
 159 
 
 evening she appears again at ball in sea-coloured dress ; dances with prince, and 
 disappears. The sentinels, struck and hurt with silver coins, cannot follow. 
 — (9) Prince falls fainting ; is carried to his room seriously ill. Doctors can 
 do nothing to save him. — (10) Queen seeing him dying of weakness and loss 
 of appetite, wants to try something cooked by poultry-herd. Heroine prepares 
 his meal, and puts jewel into the broth. Prince stirs it, finds jewel, and 
 revives. He wants some more soup prepared by the same hands, and this 
 time he finds necklace. He is quite cured and sends for cook.— (11) The 
 poultry-herd appears in best dress, and prince marries her in the presence of 
 pope and cardinals. — (12) Serafino, hearing of daughter's wedding, comes to 
 royal palace in guise of goldsmith, with jewellery for sale. Prince puts one of 
 the rings on wife's fi'ger, and instantly she recognises father, and flies. — (13) 
 Serafino begs prince to allow him to stay night in palace. He goes all 
 over the paUce, administers an opiate in each room, and all fall into deep 
 sleep. He goes to daughter and drags her by the hair to throw her into 
 caldron of boiling oil, which he has preparer^. In the struggle the drugged 
 paper falls from her, and she wakes up. — {14) The sentinels are aroused, and 
 they throw Serafino into the boilmg oil. 
 
 Basile, Der Pentamerone^ oder Das Mdrchen aller Mdrchen, \Q 
 von Giambattista Basile. Aus dem Neapolitanischen iiber- 
 tragen von Felix Liebrecht. Breslau, 1846. ist Day, 6th Tale. 
 Vol. i, pp. 78-89. 
 
 "La Gatta Cenerentola" (The Hearth-Cat). 
 
 (i) Prince loses his wife, and engages governess for dearly-loved daughter, 
 who is kindly treated by her. Father marries again, and his shrew of a wife 
 frightens daughter, who often complains of this to governess, saying, 
 "Would that you were my mother." At length governess says, "Follow 
 my advice, and you shall have me for your mother ; and I will love you as 
 the apple of my eye." Heroine, who is called Lucrezia, replies, "Only 
 show me how this is to be brought about." Governess says, when her father 
 is out, she is to go to mother, and say she wants to get an old gown out of 
 chest in back room, so as to save the one she is wearing. Mother will delight 
 to see her in rags and tatters, and will willingly open the chest, and say 
 " Hold the lid." Then, whilst she is searching about inside, heroine must 
 bang the lid down, and break her neck.^ When this is done, she must coax 
 her father, who would do anything in the world for her, into marrying 
 governess. — (2) All is carried out as planned, and, after some persuading, 
 father consents to marry governess (whose name is Carmosina), and arranges 
 grand wedding. Whilst all the young people arc at the dance, and heroine is 
 standing on the balcony, a little dove flies on to the wall, and says, ** If ever 
 you want anything, only let the fairy dove on the island of Sardinia know, 
 
 ^ See note 10. 
 
l6o CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 and your wish will be granted." For five or six days the new stepmother 
 loads heroine with caresses, and gives her the best of everything. Then she 
 forgets the gratitude she owes her, and introduces her own daughters, whom 
 hitherto she has kept in hiding ; and works upon father till he lets them 
 usurp the place of heroine, who is made to exchange the state-rooms for the 
 kitchen, the throne-seat for the hearth, silk and gold robes for scrubbing- 
 apron, and the sceptre for the spit. Moreover, instead of Lucrezia, she is 
 now called Hearth-Cat. — (3) It hajpens that father has to voyage to Sardinia 
 on state affairs, and he asks his stepdaughters (who are called Imperia, 
 Calamita, Sciorella, Diamante, Colommina, and Cascarella) what present he 
 shall bring for each. »They choose costly garments, jewels, games, and this 
 and that. Mockingly he asks heroine what she would like. "Only for you 
 to greet the fairy dove from me, and ask her to send me something. And, if 
 you forget this, you will not be able to move from the spot." Prince departs, 
 settles his affairs in Sardinia, and buys all the gifts, but quite forgets heroine's 
 request. He embarks for return voyage, but the ship cannot be made to move 
 from the harbour; it is as though a sucking-fish held it.^ — (4) At last, the 
 captain, at his wits' end, takes some sleep. A fairy appears to him in his 
 dream, and says the ship will not move because a prince on board has 
 broken his promise to his own flesh and blood, though remembering others. 
 Captain wakes, and tells prince, who at once repairs to fairy grotto, and 
 gives his daughter's message to the lovely lady who meets him. She gives 
 him for heroine a palm-branch, a hoe, and a bucket, all of gold, also a silk 
 kerchief. — (5) Prince now returns, and gives gifts. Heroine is delighted 
 with hers, and plants the palm-branch in a beautiful flower-pot, hoes it 
 round and waters it, and then dries it night and morning with the silk ker- 
 chief. In four days it has grown to the height of a woman, and a fairy 
 steps out of it, and asks heroine what she would like. Heroine replies she 
 would like to be able to go out without her sisters knowing. Fairy says 
 whenever she wishes this, she must go to flower-po^, and say, 
 
 *• O palm-tree, thou best gift of gold, 
 With golden spade I dig thy mould, 
 And wash thee with my bucket of gold, 
 And dry thee with kerchief's silken fold. 
 
 Despoil thyself, I beg of thee. 
 
 And deck me out in finery." 
 
 And when she wishes to be undressed again, she must change last verse, and 
 say, 
 
 " Despoil me now, I beg of thee. 
 And deck thyself in finery." 
 
 — (6) Soon after this, when all the stepsisters had gone, all bedecked and 
 bedizened, to a festival, heroine runs to flower-pot, says the magic words, 
 and finds herself suddenly adorned like a queen, and sitting on a palfrey, 
 
 ^ See note 
 
BASILE. l6l 
 
 attended by twelve pages. She goes where stepsisters are, and they are most 
 envious of her beauty. The king of the country falls in love with her, and 
 bids his trusty servant find out all he can about her. Servant follows her 
 on foot, and heroine throws behind her a handful of gold coin received for 
 this purpose from palm-tree. Servant lights his lamp to search for the 
 money, and, meanwhile, heroine gets home and returns dress to tree, as fairy 
 bade her. Stepsisters try to make her envious by telling all the lovely things 
 they have seen. Kmg scolds servant for losing sight of heroine, and bids him 
 do his utmost next night to find out who she is, and where she lives. — (7) 
 Next night stepsisters go to festival, and heroine speaks magic words to palm- 
 tree. Out come a number of waiting-maids, bearing mirror, washes, curling- 
 irons, cosmetics, comb, pins, clothes, and jewels ; and, having dressed 
 heroine, and made her shine like the sun, they put her in a coach-and-six, 
 with lackeys and pages. She goes to the festival, and stepsisters are still 
 more astonished, and the king still more enamoured. When she leaves, and 
 king's servant follows, she throws out handfuls of pearls and jewels, and again 
 he stops to pick them up. King is very angry with him, and gives him a 
 sound thrashing and kicking. — (8) At third festival heroine appears in still 
 greater splendour. King sends servant to follow, and heroine, perceiving 
 this, tells coachman to drive faster. Away goes the carnage at such speed 
 that her shoe flies out. Servant cannot follow, but picks up shoe and takes it 
 to king, who thinks this at least better than nothing. — (9) He calls his 
 secretary to bid trumpeter proclaim that all the ladies in the land are invited 
 to a grand banquet on a certain day. Numbers arrive, rich and poor, young 
 and old, pretty and plain, and king tries the shoe on everyone, but it will fit 
 nobody. He commands silence, then invites them all to supper on the 
 morrow, enjoining on each to leave no woman whatever at home, no matter 
 who she is. Father of heroine tells prince that he has another daughter at 
 home, but she spends her days on the hearth, and is not fit to sit at a king's 
 table. King says, she, above all others, is to come. — (10) Next day heroine 
 comes with stepsisters, and the moment king sees her he recognises her, 
 though he says nothing at first. After supper, the shoe is again tested, and it 
 bounds towards heroine's foot like iron to the magnet. King rushes up and 
 embraces her, leads her to the throne, and sets crown on her head. All 
 present make obeisance to her. Stepsisters are so envious that they cannot 
 bear to look on, and slip quietly home. 
 
 Ibid. Second Day, Sixth Tale. No. XVI. Vol. i, pp. 206-18. 149 
 
 "The She-Bear." 
 
 (i) There was once a king of ** Roughrock", whose wife, dying in her 
 prime, enjoins on her husband never to marry again except he find a woman 
 as beautiful as herself ; otherwise her curse will pursue him even into the 
 next world. King vows he can never love another, and his wife expires, 
 leaving him in deep grief. By nightfall he begins to consider his lonely future 
 
 M 
 
l62 CiNDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 with his only daughter, and also the need of an heir to the throne, and deter- 
 mines to seek a woman as beautiful as his deceased wife. He issues procla- 
 mation that all the women in the world are to assemble for the beauty-test, and 
 he will choose the loveliest for his consort. All sorts of women arrive — even 
 the most ill-favoured. He finds some fault with them all, and sends all away. 
 — (2) He bethinks him that his own daughter Preciosa is far more beautiful 
 than these, and the very image of her mother, and tells her of his intention to 
 marry her. He is enraged at her opposition and alarmed outcry, and threatens 
 to cut off her ears if she resists him. — (3) Heroine goes weeping to her room, 
 when an old woman, to whom she has shown charity, appears, and hearing 
 cause of her distress, bids her take courage. She gives her a little chip which 
 she is to put in her mouth, and it will instantly transform her into a bear ; then / 
 she is to escape from father and rush into forest, for he will not try to detain^ 
 her. Heaven will watch over her, and when she wishes to regain human form 
 she has only to take chip out of her mouth. Heroine embraces old woman, 
 gives her bread and meat, and takes leave of her. At sunset king calls his 
 musicians and invites all his vassals to grand banquet, and after much dancing 
 and feasting he goes to rest. — (4) He calls his daughter, and she appears in 
 form of a bear, at sight of which he is so much alarmed that he hides under 
 the clothes, and dares not look out till next morning. — (5) Meanwhile heroine 
 has gone to the forest, where she lives amongst the animals, till one day the 
 King of *' Swiftwater" comes by, and at sight of the bear nearly dies of fright. 
 But the bear fawns on him like a dog, and he takes courage, and finally leads 
 it home with him, and bids his servants take care of it and put it in the garden 
 near the palace, where he can watch it from his window. — (6) One day, when 
 all except the prince have gone out, he goes to window and sees heroine, who 
 has taken chip from her mouth, combing her golden locks. He is beside 
 himself with admiration of her beauty, and rushes into the garden. Heroine, 
 conscious of his approach, quickly puts chip in her mouth, and prince is 
 so distressed at not finding what he had seen from his window that he falls 
 ill, and cries unceasingly, " Jjear bear, dear bear !" His mother, thinking 
 that the bear must in some way have injured him, gives orders for its death ; 
 but servants have grown so fond of bear that they have not the heart to kill it, 
 but lead it instead into the forest, telling queen they have taken its life. — 
 (7) When the news reaches prince he seems mad, springs, ill as he is, from 
 his bed, and would hew the servants into little pieces. Hearing the truth 
 from them, he flings himself on his horse, and seeks hither and thither 
 till he finds the bear, and brings it home to his own room. He tells her he 
 knows what beauty the fell conceals ; he is dying of love for her ; surely 
 she will take pity on him. All his entreaties are vain ; he stretches himself 
 on his bed, and is at death's door. Doctors are powerless to help, and 
 his mother prays him to tell her the cause of his grief. Prince says, nothing 
 but the sight of the bear can bring him relief. If he is to recover, she alone 
 must nurse and tend him, and cook his food. — (8) Mother thinks he 
 has lost his reason, but to humour him sends for the bear, who immediately 
 feels his pulse with her paw, making the queen laugh and think she will 
 scratch his nose next. ** Won't you cook for me, feed me, and tend me, 
 
feASlLE. 163 
 
 little bear?" says he. And the bear nods her head. Mother orders fowls 
 to be brought, and a fire to be lighted in the sick-room. Bear sets about 
 cooking the fowls, and the prince, to whom hitherto sugar had seemed 
 bitter, begins eating with zest, and recovers rapidly. Queen is so grateful 
 that she kisses bear on the brow. Prince gets up to test his strength, and 
 the bear quickly makes the bed, then runs into the garden and plucks a napkinful 
 of roses and lemon-blossoms, and places them on his pillow. Queen is 
 delighted with her. But all this only makes the prince more and more in 
 love, and he says at last to his mother that if he is not able to give the 
 bear a kiss he will surely die. Whereat mother plea'ls, *' Do just kiss him, 
 my dear little bear, or the poor dear fellow will die." — (9) So the bear draws 
 near to the prince, and whilst he is pressing his lips to hers it somehow 
 happens that the chip falls out of her mouth, and lo ! the most lovely being in 
 the world is in his arms, and he cries out, " Now you are caught, you little 
 rogue, and shall never escape me again." — ( 10) Queen then bids her tell her 
 story, and is delighted for her to be her son's bride. 
 
 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 379-95. Third Day, Tenth Tale. 229 
 
 " The Three Fairies." 
 
 (i) A wicked widow named Caradonia, whose daughter Granizia is the 
 quintessence of hideousness, marries the wealthy Micco Antonio of Pane- 
 Cuocolo. He has a daughter named Cecelia, a marvel of beauty, and such a 
 striking contrast to widow's daughter that jealous stepmother treats her with 
 every possible indignity. She is dressed in rags, given the worst food, and 
 made to do all the menial work of the house and stable, while stepsister is 
 idle. — (2) One day when she goes out to empty sweepings into immense dust- 
 hole she accidentally drops her basket, and whilst considering how to recover it, 
 sees a hideous horror, with pitch-black hair like hog's bristles reaching down 
 to his heels, a terrible countenance, a hump-back, thin legs, and crooked 
 feet — enough to scare anybody. Cecelia takes courage and says, * * Kind man, 
 would you pick out my basket ! You'll get a wealthy wife ! " The wild man 
 tells her to step in and get it herself. — (3) She climbs down into the hole, and 
 sees three beautiful golden-haired fairies, who caress her and lead her to their 
 splendid house, then set her to comb their hair. Asked what she finds, she 
 replies, ** Little nits and little lice, like pearls and garnets." Fairies are 
 pleased with her ; show her all the treasures in their palace. They bid her 
 choose what she will of gorgeous dresses and jewels. She disregards the 
 costly things and takes a worthless rag of a gown. Fairies ask at which door 
 she will go out ; she chooses back way ; they embrace her, deck her out in 
 gold- embroidered robe, and dress her hair ; lead her to golden portal, bless 
 her, and bid her look up. Gold star falls on her brow.^ She goes home ; 
 
 * See note 12. 
 
 M 2 
 
164 CINDERELLA VARL\NtS. 
 
 tells stepmother everything. — (4) Stepmother sends own daughter to fairies, 
 she offends them when doing their hair : " Every louse is as big as your fist 
 and every nit like an egg." She grasps at the costliest dresses, and wants to 
 leave by the best door. Fairies send her empty-handed to back door, and bid 
 her look up and see what will happen. She gets an ass's tail on her brow. — 
 (5) Stepmother is furious ; despoils heroine to dress own daughter, and sends 
 heroine in rags to tend swine. She falls in with a distinguished gentleman 
 named Cuosemo, who is struck with her beauty, inquires who she is and where 
 she lives, then goes to get stepmother's permission to marry her. Stepmother 
 bids him return that evening, as she wishes to invite her relatives. — (6) Mean- 
 while she puts heroine into cask, meaning to scald her to death, and when 
 bridegroom returns gives him her own daughter, who is hideous spite of fine 
 clothes. Cuosemo is aghast and bewildered at the change, and can scarce 
 endure to kiss the revolting creature. As his home is afar and it is night, he 
 takes her to a house hard by. As soon as it is morning he hurries back to 
 stepmother's to say he will be quit of her daughter, and to pay her the forfeit 
 with a broomstick. — (7) Stepmother is not to be found, having gone to gather 
 sticks to prepare boiling bath for stepdaughter. He calls, and cat in the ashes 
 says, "Miaow, miaow, your bride is in the cask !" He goes to cask and 
 hears a sobbing, gets an axe, and releases heroine. She tells him all that has 
 befallen her ; he bids her hide behind door, whilst he repairs cask, fetches 
 false bride, and puts her inside it. Then he rides off with Cecelia behind him. 
 — (8) Stepmother returns ; boils own daughter j drowns herself in the well in 
 her rage and despair on discovering her mistake. 
 
 230 ^- Beauvois, Contes populaires de la Norvege^ de la Finlande et 
 de la Bourgogne. Paris, 1862. Pp. 239-47. (Conte Bour- 
 guignon.) 
 
 "La Petite Annette." 
 
 (i) Heroine's mother dies when she is fifteen years old. Father marries 
 widow with three daughters, who stay at home idle, whilst Annette goes 
 daily to mind sheep. When she returns in the evening she has to wash the 
 plates and dishes, though never herself using a plate. Every morning she 
 takes a little crust in her pocket, and suffers dreadfully from hunger. — (2) One 
 day she is weeping at thought of dead mother, when suddenly a beautiful 
 kind lady, who is the Holy Virgin, appears, asks what troubles her, and 
 promises to alleviate her lot. She gives her a wand, with which she must 
 gently strike her black sheep whenever she is hungry. Virgin vanishes, 
 heroine uses wand ; a table is spread with all manner of food, of which she 
 partakes, giving some to her sheep-dog. This happens several days. — (3) 
 Stepmother, astonished to see her grow fatter day by day, sends eldest 
 daughter to spy. She soon gets tired, and sits down on a tuft of grass. 
 Annette bids her rest her head on her knees whilst she does her hair. Whilst 
 combing her, Annette sings, ** Sleep with one eye, sleep with two eyes," and 
 sends her to sleep. Heroine takes her repast. Daughter tells mother she 
 
BEAUVOIS. BECHSTEIN. , 1 65 
 
 saw heroine eat nothing but her dry bread, and drink nothing but water from 
 the stream. — (4) Mother sends second daughter next day, and she is sent to 
 sleep in like manner. — (5) Third day mother sends youngest daughter, telling 
 her to sleep with one eye or both, but to be very careful to keep open the eye 
 which she will put in the back of her head. Daughter spies with third eye, 
 and reports to mother, who then feigns illness, and says she must have mutton 
 from black sheep to cure her. Heroine overhears father promising to kill 
 black sheep, and runs to the fold to tell it. — (6) Black sheep bids her be com- 
 forted, get its liver, and bury it in the garden. Stepmother is delighted to 
 have thwarted heroine, and meaning to give her the worst part of the sheep, 
 says, "Here! take the liver; that's good enough for you." — (7) Heroine 
 buries it in garden, and a tree springs from the spot, so high that no ladder 
 will reach the top branches, and so slippery that none can climb it. It bears 
 most tempting fruit, which only Annette can pick, for the branches bend 
 down to her alone. — (8) King's son passes by, and desires the fruit. None 
 can pick it for him. At last he promises to marry the daughter of any person 
 who can pick him some. Fathers, mothers, girls, and all try, but in vain. — 
 (9) Stepmother has a long ladder made, and places it at foot of tree, but it is 
 some feet short of the lowest branches. She stands on the very top rung, and 
 stretches up on tip-toe to reach fruit, but loses her balance, and breaks her 
 neck. This fatality discourages the most ambitious, and prince nearly dies of 
 longing for the fruit. Heroine takes pity on him, and carries a large basket- 
 ful to the invalid. — (10) Prince marries her. 
 
 LuDwiG Bechstein, Deutsches Mdrchenbuch. Leipzig, 1846. 19 
 Pp. 242-44. 
 
 "ASCHENBRODEL." 
 
 (i) Heroine is ill-treated by step-mother and two step-sisters. She sleeps 
 in garret ; must rise early and do all menial work and cook. She sits in the 
 ashes on kitchen-hearth, and is mockingly called Aschenbrodelchen. — (2) Father 
 goes to fair and asks what presents he shall bring for step-daughters. One 
 chooses beautiful dress, the other pearls and jewels. Heroine begs for green 
 hazel-twig, and plants it on mother's grave, and waters it daily with her tears. 
 Twig grows very fast into beautiful little tree ; bird perches in branches and 
 looks pityingly on heroine. — (3) King gives festival, and all young girls are 
 invited that his son may choose bride. Stepsisters dress gorgeously, waited 
 on by heroine. She ventures to ask leave to go also, but is laughed at, seeing 
 she has neither dress nor shoes. Stepmother throws dish of lentils in 
 the ashes, saying heroine may go if she can sort them in two hours. Heroine 
 goes to hazel-tree, and calls on bird and on doves to come and sort grain, 
 putting good in pot and bad in crop. A crowd of doves and other birds come 
 and perform task. Stepmother is very angry when heroine brings lentils, and 
 shakes two dishes more into the ashes, to be sorted in two hours. Heroine 
 weeps, but calls birds, who quickly perform task. Still she is only laughed at 
 
1 66 CINDERELLA VARL^NTS. 
 
 for begging to go, and is left behind. Then she goes weeping to tree, and bird 
 flies down and says, 
 
 " My dearest child, O tell to me 
 Whate'er you wish, I'll send it thee." 
 
 And embracing the tree, heroine says, 
 
 "Quake and shake, dear little tree. 
 Throw lovely raiment over me." 
 
 (4) Then there descend a lovely dress with costly shoes and stockings, which 
 heroine quickly dons, and goes to ball, where no one knows her but all admire, 
 and the king's son dances with her alone. He would follow her home, but 
 she escapes him, lays clothes on grave, and returns to the ashes. Dress and 
 shoes disappear instantly. — (5) All happens thus twice ; but the third time, in 
 her flight heroine looses a shoe, and the king, who is following, picks it up and 
 proclaims that he will wed none but the maiden who can wear this little golden 
 shoe. It is tried from house to house. Stepsisters try in vain, and prince 
 asks if there is not a third daughter. Father says yes, but stepmother pro- 
 tests she cannot be shown. Prince insists, and heroine washes herself and 
 appears, looking even in her ash-grey skirt more lovely than stepsisters. — 
 (6) She slips shoe on ; prince recognises her, takes her to castle, and marries 
 her. On the wedding-day she wears golden dress and golden crown. — (7) On 
 the way to church, stepsisters, full of envy, walk on her right and left, and the 
 little bird from hazel-tree pecks out an eye of each. Returning, it pecks out 
 the other eye of each, so that their evil deeds are punished with blindness. 
 
 20 DoM. Giuseppe Bernoni, Fiabe popolari Veneziane. Venezia, 
 1873. Story No. VIII, pp. 36-44. (In dialect.) 
 
 " La Conza-Senare" (The Cinder-Wench). 
 
 (i) King and queen have three daughters. Both parents die, and the 
 elder daughters ill-treat youngest, beating her and giving her neither food nor 
 clothing, all because she is more beautiful than they. Heroine determines to 
 leave home and take service somewhere. — (2) A fairy meets her, asks where 
 she is going all alone, and hearing her story, gives her a wand which will pro- 
 duce whatever she wants. — (3) Heroine goes on and arrives at king's palace. 
 Queen engages her to do menial work, tend the fire and scrub the hearth. 
 One day queen's son goes into kitchen, and seeing heroine cleaning the hearth 
 {conza senare), says, "What are you doing, Conza-Senare? Mind you don't 
 touch anything, for the very sight of you makes me sick." She falls in love 
 with him. — (4) One day prince tells his mother that he wishes to give ball and 
 invite all his royal acquaintances. The Conza-Senare hearing him, says softly* 
 •* I shall go too." Prince asks what she says. ** Oh, nothing." The guests 
 arrive and heroine strikes her wand, and asks for dress like the sky, covered 
 with golden stars, a grand carriage and pair of horses with gold trappings ; 
 
BERNONI. 167 
 
 also for servants and a bag of sand. She goes to ball, and prince dances with 
 her all the time ; asks who she is. ** I am the Conza-Senare." He cannot 
 understand her. She escapes at end of dance, and prince rushes to tell 
 servants to follow quickly and see where she goes. They follow carriage, and 
 heroine throws sand and blinds them. They return and tell prince. Heroine 
 takes wand and transforms magic dress to rags. — (5) Next morning prince 
 tells mother of the lovely lady at ball. Heroine overhearing, says rapidly, 
 " 'Twas I," but prince says he cannot understand her mumbling, and 
 bids her mind her business and be silent. In a few days there is another ball, 
 which heroine attends. This time she has dress of pearls and diamonds, and 
 a carriage with four horses, and she takes with her a bag of money. Prince 
 asks again who she is, and gets same reply, which he cannot understand. 
 When she leaves he sends servants to follow her, and she scatters so much 
 money that they quite lose sight of her whilst picking it up. — (6) Next 
 morning he is telling his mother everything, when heroine interrupts as before, 
 and seizing the tongs, he strikes her on the head. After some days there is a 
 third ball, which heroine attends as before, and having a mantle like the sun, 
 so dazzling that none can look at it. King watches from the balcony for her 
 coming, again asks her name, and gets the same unintelligible reply. He puts 
 a ring on her finger before she escapes. Servants follow and are blinded with 
 the sand she throws. She also throws one diamond shoe, which they take to 
 prince. — (7) He falls sick, takes to his bed, and tells mother he must die. 
 He asks her to prepare him some food, and to be sure that the dirty Conza- 
 Senare does not touch it. Queen watches carefully by the fire whilst the 
 gruel is cooking, but turns her head one moment, and then heroine throws in 
 the ring. Queen takes gruel to prince, assuring him that none but herself has 
 touched it. He begins to eat, finds ring, and after questioning mother, sends 
 for the Conza-Senare, who is not to be found. — (8) For heroine has gone to 
 clothe herself in splendour by aid of magic wand, then goes to prince and 
 says, "Here is the Conza-Senare whom you struck on the head with the 
 tongs, whom you have always called ugly names, and with whom you danced 
 at three balls. Where is my shoe ?" Prince then tries shoe and ring, and 
 finding both fit, falls on his knees and begs her forgiveness. They are 
 married. 
 
 Ibid. No. XIV, pp. 68-74. (In dialect.) 209 
 
 '' Come 'l Bon Sale" (Like Good Salt). 
 
 (i) A king calls his three daughters, and asks each how much she loves 
 him. First says, " As much as good bread" ; second, ** As much as good 
 wine" ; and youngest says, *' Like good salt." — (2) Father is angry, calls his 
 most trusty servant, and bids him take youngest daughter to some desert 
 place, there kill her, then bring him her eyes and heart. Servant tells heroine 
 to accompany him, and, when they have gone some distance to a great 
 meadow, explains his mission. She begs for her life, and seeing at that 
 
l68 CINDERELLA VARL-\NTS. 
 
 moment a dog, servant kills it in her stead, and takes its eyes and heart to 
 king. — (3) Heroine left alone, begins to weep. Presently she meets an old 
 woman, who comforts her, and gives her a wand, which, placed in her bosom, 
 will make her look like an old woman. — (4) She then directs her to a palace, 
 where she is engaged to tend the poultry. Heroine is not allowed to sleep in 
 the house, but must live in an unfinished out-house hard by. In the evening 
 queen's son going to inspect new building, finds old woman crying, and asks 
 if she is not satisfied with her service. Heroine replies she is weeping over 
 her misfortunes, and he bids her take courage. — (5) A little while afterwards 
 prince passes again, and still hears sobbing. Heroine, wishing to try powers 
 of wand, takes it from her bosom, and immediately is young and beautiful 
 as before. Then, thinking of her sorry fate, she weeps anew. Prince makes 
 little hole in the wall with a gimlet, to spy what old woman does; sees 
 instead a lovely princess. Goes and tells mother that it is no old woman who 
 minds the fowls. — (6) They go together to see her, and prince begs her to 
 marry him in fifteen days. She consents, and asks as a favour that every 
 king round about shall be invited to the wedding, and that a certain king 
 whom she will point out shall sit by her, and have all his food prepared with- 
 out salt. — (7) Her wish is granted, and on the wedding-day bride notices 
 that the king, having tasted the fare, will eat nothing, but sits and sighs, and 
 at last she asks why. King has been looking hard at bride, who reminds him 
 of his own daughter, and at last says that he now realises the value of his 
 daughter's love, tells of his harsh treatment of her, and her unhappy fate. 
 Heroine asks if the servant is still living. King says yes, but is not to blame, 
 since he only obeyed orders. Heroine reveals herself, and king begs for for- 
 giveness. Faithful servant is rewarded. 
 
 21 Biblioteca de las tradiciones populares Espanolas^ torn, i, p. 114. 
 (Collected by Senor Don. Th. H. Moore of Santa Juana, in 
 Chile.) 
 
 "Maria la Cenicienta." 
 
 (i) Man has daughter named Maria, who goes daily to neighboui-'s house 
 for fire. Neighbour is kind to heroine, gives her honey-sops, and induces her 
 to persuade father to marry her. — (2) Then stepmother, who has daughter of 
 her own, also named Maria, ill-treats heroine, clothes her in rags, thrusts her 
 into kitchen, and nicknames her Cinder-wench. — (3) Heroine has a pet cow ; 
 stepmother makes husband give her daughter one too ; then insists that 
 heroine's cow shall be slain because she is always playing with it. — (4) Cow 
 comforts heroine ; bids her, after its death, wash entrails in the river. Inside 
 she will find magic wand, which she must keep hidden, and tied round her 
 waist. Heroine does as bidden, and finds wand, but entrails get carried away 
 by the stream. — (5) She weeps thereat, fearing stepmother's anger. Old 
 woman dressed in blue appears, sends her to hut on river-bank, and bids her 
 go to sleep. Before sleeping, heroine tidies hut, lights fire, and cooks dinner. 
 Meanwhile old woman restores tray of entrails, leaving them at door of hut. — 
 
BIBLIOTECA DE LAS TRAD. POP. ESPANOLAS. 1 69 
 
 (6) Heroine returns home with star on her brow, which cannot be removed by 
 stepmother's scrubbing. She must hide it with a rag. — (7) Stepsister, wish- 
 ing to get the same, has her cow slain, and goes to wash entrails. She 
 pushes tray down stream, and pretends to weep.— (8) Old woman in blue 
 appears, sends her to hut to sleep, promising meanwhile to recover tray. Step- 
 sister is disgusted with squalor of hut; won't condescend to sleep in it. — (9) 
 Presently she finds tray at the door, and returns home with turkey-cock's 
 crest on her forehead. Her mother covers it with silk kerchief. — (10) There 
 is a ball at court ; by means of magic wand, heroine appears at it with 
 gorgeous dress and equipage, — (11) She dances with prince, and afterwards, in 
 her haste to escape from him, drops one of her glass slippers. — (12) Next day 
 prince sends servants from house to house to find owner of slipper j for he 
 intends to marry whomsoever it fits. — (13) Stepmother makes own daughter 
 bind up her feet in tight bandages. Hides heroine under kneading- 
 trough.— (14) When servants arrive to try shoe, stepsister's little dog cries 
 out : 
 
 ** Bow-wow, wow ! 
 
 Turkey-crest is on the dais now. 
 
 'Neath the bread- trough is 
 
 Star-on-brow." 
 
 Heroine is brought forth; the shoe fits her. She produces the fellow, and 
 unbandages her forehead. — (15) She is at once recognised as the ball beauty, 
 and prince marries her. 
 
 Ibid., vol. viii, p. 175. Cuento No. I. (Taken down literally by 210 
 Senor L. Giner Arivan, as narrated by a poor woman, aged 
 about 28, named Rosa Fernandez of Proaza, a small village in 
 the province of Oviedo, who had come to Madrid to service. 
 She could read but badly.) 
 
 " Xuan6n del Cortez6n" (Johnny of the Bark). 
 
 (i) King asks his three daughters how much they love him. Eldest says. 
 As the goat the knife" ; the second, " As the blood the bread"; the third, 
 "As the bread the salt."— (2) King is satisfied with the two elder, but irri- 
 tated with the third, and delivers her to four servants to be put to deaih, 
 commanding them to bring him her eyes. — (3) Servants take pity on heroine, 
 and allow her to escape, on condition that she shall never return to the 
 country ; for they would be killed for disobeying king. They then catch a 
 bitch, tear out her eyes, and with these delude king. — (4) Heroine goes on 
 and on, meets a shepherd poorly clad, buys his clothes for disguise, and 
 puts her own into a bundle. — (5) She reaches a palace, and is engaged as 
 boy to mind turkeys. Every day she takes them to the fields. Growing tired 
 of solitude, she goes to well in field, doffs shepherd's disguise, dons royal dress, 
 and admires her reflection in the water. Turkeys stand and stare, and forget 
 to eat ; wherefore every day the oldest one dies, and heroine carries dead one 
 
170 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 home each night, explaining to king's son that they die in fight. — (6) He 
 resolves to spy, follows the flock, and hides behind tree. Heroine changes 
 clothes as usual, and prince falls in love, and determines he must wed her. — 
 
 (7) He goes home, tells cook he feels ill and cannot eat, but will have a cup of 
 bioth, which "Johnny of the Bark" (as turkey-herd is called), and no one else, 
 must bring him. Cook makes objections, explaining that Johnny is so filthy. 
 For, fearing discovery, heroine has been wont on returning from fields to 
 scratch herself, then throw into the fire handfuls of salt, which crackled as 
 though they were lice, so as to be driven into dark corner. Prince neveriheless 
 insists, and cook goes to kitchen to tell Johnny to clean himself ready to carry 
 broth to prince. Johnny goes most reluctantly ; prince is immediately better 
 on seeing her, bids her sit near him, and confesses that he has spied her, and 
 fallen in love, and will marry her, whoever she is. Heroine tells her history. — 
 
 (8) All neighbouring kings are invited to wedding. Heroine's father comes ; 
 does not recognise her, thinking her dead. She has large loaf, without salt, 
 made for him alone. He does not eat it ; prince abks why, and hearing 
 reason, says, "But I am told your Highness put your daughter to death for 
 saying she loved you as bread loves salt." King confesses his repentance, and 
 would give half his kingdom to have her alive. Prince shows heroine, and 
 king falls dead from sudden joy. 
 
 275 Blad^, Contes populaires recueillis en Agenais. Paris, 1874. 
 Pp. 1-8. (Narrated by Catherine Sustrac.) 
 
 "Peau d'Ane." 
 
 (i) Father of three daughters is one day working in the field, when voice 
 from nut-tree says, ** Unless you give me one of your daughters in marriage I 
 shall devour you." Father asks who speaks ; voice replies, ** I am king of 
 France." Father promises one of his daughters should she consent. — (2) 
 Father goes home and to bed. Eldest daughter asks what ails him. Father 
 says she can cure him by marrying king of France ; but she will not. Next 
 day father returns to work in field, voice accosts him as before, and he says 
 eldest daughter refuses, but he will ask second. Returns home and goes to 
 bed. — (3) Second daughter tends him, but declines to marry king of France. 
 Next day, when father goes to work, and voice threatens him as before, he 
 promises youngest danghter, and returns home and goes to bed. — (4) In order 
 to cure father, youngest daughter consents to marry kirg of France, but he 
 must first give her a dress like the sky, another like the moon, a third like the 
 sun, also a golden plate and goblet, and a knife and fork of gold ; a golden 
 trol, and twelve golden spindles with the gauge-plate {filihre). ** You shall have 
 them all," says the king of France, who is listening at the door. — (5) Presents 
 arrive next day, and marriage is celebrated in a fortnight. — (6) On leaving 
 church king tells bride he is setting out on a long journey, and if he does not 
 return in nine years she must seek him. Bride waits eight years and one 
 month, then begins quest. After three days she finds ass's skin in the road, 
 
BLADfe. 171 
 
 and puts it round her. — (7) In three more days she reaches stream where 
 women are washing^ clothes, and inquires if they have seen king of France. 
 They point to church in which he is being married to beautiful girl. Peau 
 d'Ane thanks them, and in return for information offers to help wash. They 
 give her a cloth black as soot, which she immediately renders pure white. ^ — (8) 
 Peau d'Ane then goes to church, .meets king of France coming out, and asks if 
 he remembers what he said to her father in the field (repeating his words). 
 He does not answer, and she says the same again. Priest adjures him to con- 
 fess if he has been married before. King of France says No. Peau d'Ane is 
 silent till bride comes out ; then asks her if she wants servant ; is engaged as 
 turkey-girl, and follows king and queen to castle. — (9) Begs queen to let her 
 sleep that night with king, and bribes^ her to consent with gift of golden knife- 
 and fork, and plate and goblet. All night she asks king if he remembers his 
 words to her father (repeating them) ; but queen has given sleeping-draught^ to 
 king, and he does not reply. — (10) Next morning queen sends her to mind 
 turkeys till night, when again she obtains queen's permission to sleep with king, 
 in return for golden trol^ and twelve golden spindles and gauge- plate. All 
 night she questions as before, but queen has again given him a sleeping-draught, 
 and he does not answer. — (11) Next morning Peau d'Ane is sent to mind 
 turkeys ; makes the same request at night, and gives queen the dresses like the 
 sky and like the moon. Queen has given a less potent sleeping-draught to 
 king, and when Peau d'Ane asks him if he remembers what he said to her 
 father in the field, he replies, weeping, *'Yes, I remember." — (12) Next 
 morning Peau d'Ane gets up, and when queen enters to send her after the 
 turkeys, she finds her clad in robe like the sun. King says to her, •* Queen, 
 would you rather be a man's first or second wife?" "His first," she says. 
 '• Take then your golden knife and fork, plate and goblet ; take the trol^ and 
 the twelve golden spindles, and gauge-plate ; take the robe like the sky, and 
 the robe like the moon, and return to your parents." And the queen goes to 
 the stable, has the horse saddled, and returns to her home, while Peau d'Ane 
 remains at the castle, and is queen in her stead. 
 
 Ibid., pp. 31-41. 211 
 
 "The Turkey-Girl." 
 
 (i) An old king, who is very fond of salt, has three marriageable daughters. 
 He calls his servant, who is kneading in bake-house, to consult him privately. 
 Servant objects to receive confidence, unless no one else shares it. King says 
 it shall be secret between them. Bids him fetch lawyer, meaning to divide 
 property amongst three daughters, only reserving pension for himself. Ser- 
 vant says a man without possessions is quickly despised, and counsels him to 
 keep his land, and give suitable marriage -portions to daughters. King has 
 
 ^ See note 13. 
 
1^2 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 confidence in daughters' love, but will put them to the proof, since servant 
 advises it. — (2) Daughters are called, and father asks if they love 
 him. Two elder daughters reply, *'More than anything in the world." 
 Youngest daughter says she loves her father as much as he loves salt. Father 
 orders her to her room for insulting him, and elder daughters agree that she 
 merits death. Father goes to bake-house and tells servant, then bids him 
 fetch lawyer to divide property between elder daughters, and executioner to 
 settle youngest. Servant objects, saying daughters should be judged by deeds, 
 not words. — (3) King threatens him, and he consents to fetch lawyer, but 
 undertakes himself to be executioner of youngest daughter. He will take 
 her to forest and kill her, and biing back her tongue as token of death. 
 Elder daughters choose husbands, and king gives half of his property to each, 
 telling lawyer to write on deed that king is to live half each year with one 
 daughter, and half with the other. Lawyer, secretly bribed by daughters, 
 omits this reservation. — (4) Servant puts chain round youngest daughter's 
 neck, and takes her to forest, calling dog to follow. Arrived there, he shows 
 bundle of rich clothes that he has brought for her, also peasant's dress, which 
 she is to wear. Takes her to king's castle, where he had previously been in 
 service, and persuades queen to engage her to mind turkeys. She lives in 
 little room under stair-case. — (5) Servant returns to old king, taking tongue 
 of dog, which he has killed on way home. King is satisfied, and gives one 
 hundred louis as reward ; but servant is only content with twice that amount, 
 and asks for the same also from each daughter. — (6) Next day elder daughters 
 marry, take possession of castle, and turn father out. He protests, but sees 
 lawyer has not drawn up deed as he ordered. Father leaves castle, meets 
 servant, who says he will attend him and serve him for nothing ; and fetches 
 his bundle, and sets forth with king. After seven days' wandering, they 
 reach small farm, which servant buys for master to live in, while he works in 
 the fields. — (7) Meanwhile youngest daughter falls in love with master's son, 
 a handsome prince ; but he will not notice her. Carnival begins, and prince 
 goes every night to balls in neighbouring castles. Turkey-girl feigns illness, 
 and goes to bed, but escapes secretly to stable, saddles horse, and gives him 
 double feed of corn. Then dresses in beautiful clothes brought from home, 
 combs her hair with golden comb, and puts on red morocco shoes. Mounts 
 horse, and gallops to castle where prince has gone to ball. Musicians cease 
 playing to look at her, and everyone wonders who she is. Prince dances with 
 her, but at first stroke of midnight she leaves him, jumps on horse, and gallops 
 off. Next day she minds turkeys as usual, and prince, going hunting, remarks, 
 as he passes, bow much she resembles stranger at ball. — (8) Next night every- 
 thing happens as before, and the third night the same. — (9) Only this time, 
 in escaping at midnight, heroine drops right shoe. Prince picks it up, and 
 tries it on all ladies at ball, but it is too small for them. Takes it home, and 
 tells father he is in love with owner of shoe, and if she is not found he will 
 go far away, and enter monastery. — (10) King sends for drummer, and bids 
 him proclaim that prince will marry whomsoever shoe fits. Castle is filled 
 with applicants, but none can wear shoe. — (ii) Turkey-girl laughs. Prince 
 says it is her turn to try, but she feigns reticence, and grand ladies deride her. 
 
BLADE. — BONDESON. I73 
 
 She pretends to cry, but shoe slips instantly on to her foot. Then she bids 
 all wait while she runs to put on fellow shoe and splendid dress. King says 
 she must wed his son, but she will not without her father's consent. — (12) 
 Father at the farm has often bemoaned death of youngest daughter, till 
 servant at last tells how he saved her life. They set out to seek turkey-girl, 
 and in seven days arrive at castle. Father greets king, tells his story, and 
 wishes to claim his daughter. — (13) King cannot give her up. Heroine is 
 called, and father asks if she freely consents to marry prince. Heroine says 
 yes, but he must first drive out her sisters, and restore father to his castle. 
 This is done, and elder daughters and their husbands are hanged, and left a 
 prey to birds. — (14) Father takes possession of castle. Grand preparations 
 made for wedding of prince and heroine. Servant is bidden to choose a bride 
 for himself, and to sit with her at royal table. 
 
 Jean-Franqois Blade, Contes populaires de la Gascogne. Paris, 
 1886. Vol. i, pp. 251-66. (Dictated by Marianne Bense of 
 Passage-d'Agen, Lot-et-Garonne, over seventy-five years of age, 
 and for many years servant to the Abbe Blade, uncle of the 
 collector.) 
 
 " La Gardeuse de Dindons." 
 
 (This story resembles No. 211, q. v.) 
 
 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 267-74. 
 
 "Peau d'Ane." 
 
 (This story resembles No. 275, q. v.) 
 
 [Note. — **I have heard recited in la Gascogne and in Agen, two entirely 
 distinct versions of Peau d'Ane. The above was written from the dictation of 
 Catherine Sustracof Sainte-Eulalie, Canton Roque-Timbaut (Lot-et-Garonne). 
 There is another version of Peau d'Ane in la Gascogne and in Agen, exactly 
 resembling Perrault's. Those who told it to me had it direct, or through 
 intermediaries from readers of Perrault." — Blade.] 
 
 AvGUST BoNDESON, His fon'egubbar J>a Z>a/. Stockholm, 1886. 276 
 
 P. 22. 
 
 " Prinsassan I Jordkulan" (The Princess in the Cave). 
 
 (i) King has daughter whom a prince woos. King, not liking prince, has 
 cave dug in forest, and encloses heroine in it, giving her seven maidens and a 
 little dog, also victuals, candles, and firewood to last seven years.— (2) By the 
 
174 (Cinderella vARiANts. 
 
 end of that time, the seven maidens having died and the provisions being 
 spent, heroine begins digging way out. When hole is made she puts little dog 
 through, and it scrapes from the outside, while heroine works from inside, till 
 opening is large enough for her to squeeze through. — (3) A bear meets her and 
 offers to carry her to fellow-creatures, if allowed to eat dog. — (4) Heroine 
 reluctantly accepts conditions, and bear carries her to charcoal-burner, through 
 whom she obtains situation as poultry- girl at castle.— (5) King is about to 
 marry, and bride persuades heroine to take her place on wedding-day, being 
 about to bear a child. ^ As they ride to church heroine's horse strikes his shoe 
 against a stone. She says : 
 
 "While the horse's shoe clinks in the valley this morn, 
 At home in the stable the bride's son is born." 
 
 King asks what she said, and she replies, **I was only talking to my maid." 
 Presently they pass a large ship belonging to heroine's father, which will not 
 stir unless called by name. Heroine says : 
 
 ** Big Bomarusa, here you stay ! 
 Wave-tost you've sailed full many a day 
 From my dear father's home away." 
 
 Immediately the ship begins to move, splitting the waves before her. King 
 again asks what she said, and has same reply. Then they pass a bridge, and 
 king tells her it will never remain stationary for a wedding- party to cross it, 
 unless both bride and bridegroom are of royal blood. Heroine says : 
 
 "Stand firmly, bridge, and firmly bide, 
 While two royal children o'er thee ride." 
 
 They reach the church before clergyman, and king asks heroine to tell him 
 something whilst waiting. She says : 
 
 ** Seven years in the underground cave have I passed, 
 All my ballads and stories forgetting at last. 
 Of the things that befell me 
 Many tales could I tell thee : 
 How I suffered great care, 
 How I rode on a bear, 
 How I lived charcoal-burning 
 My daily bread earning. 
 But as bride 
 Now I ride ! 
 
 And a prince I shall wed 
 In a fair lady's stead." 
 
 King, thinking her exceedingly beautiful, locks a gold chain round her neck, 
 keeping the key himself. — (6) They return home, and bride changes places 
 
 ^ See note 14. 
 
BONDESON. 1)5 
 
 with heroine, and sits at king's side. She looks pale and exhausted, and king, 
 being suspicious, inquires what things she said on way to church. She does 
 not remember, and must go each time to ask her maid. At length king asks 
 for the gold chain. ** My maid has it." "You lie!" says the king; "no 
 one can unlock it." He commands all the women in the castle to appear ; all 
 come, except the poultry~grl. King is sure there must be somebody left, and 
 bride says there is only the dirty poultry-girl. — (7) She is fetched, and the king 
 instantly recognises her as the bride, to whom he is married. He is the prince, 
 her former wooer. 
 
 A. BoNDESON, Svenska Folk-Sagor. Stockholm, 1882. 212 
 
 No. IV, p. 16. 
 
 "Salt og Brod" (Salt and Bread). 
 
 (i) King has a good daughter by second marriage, and two wicked 
 daughters, who go to him calumniating their stepsister, saying that she does 
 not love her father. One day, when they are all together, he asks each how 
 much she values him. "As God in heaven," says the first. "As my life," 
 says the second. "As salt and bread," says the youngest, making the king 
 very angry that she values him no more than the poorest fare on a poor man's 
 table.— (2) She is driven naked from home, and seeks shelter in a wood, 
 climbing a tree to escape the wild beasts. — (3) Here she sits crying bitterly, 
 when a king out hunting discovers her through the barking of his hounds. He 
 bids her descend, and throws his mantle over her ; then lifts her on his horse, 
 rides home, and being deep in love with her, arranges a magnificent wedding, 
 and invites all the royalty from seven kingdoms. — (4) Heroine's father and 
 stepsisters are among the guests, but do rot recognise her, believing that the 
 wild beasts have torn her to pieces. Heroine has so contrived that neither 
 bread nor salt is found at the sumptuous wedding-feast. Her father says, "It 
 seems to me, the most valuable part of the fare is lacking." "How is that ? " 
 asks the queen. " Well, I mean salt and bread," the king replies. "Just so 
 highly did I value my father, and for that was driven naked into the wild 
 forest ! " — (5) At this the king recognises his daughter, and cries with joy. 
 He now sees through the wiles of his elder daughters, and has them driven 
 naked into the forest. It has never been told that a king came and married 
 them. 
 
 Ibid., p. 91. No. XXIII. (From Varmland in Sweden.) 22 
 
 "Askungen" (Little Cinder-slut). 
 
 (i) King has one daughter and marries again. Stepmother is jealous of 
 heroine, who is praised by all, and makes her do all menial work and clothes 
 her wretchedly. Daughters of second marriage ill-treat heroine, and because 
 she has never time to shake off the ashes, they call her " Askungen", Little 
 
fjS CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Cinder-slut. — (2) Foreign king gives invitations to ball ; queen's daughters 
 go, and heroine, left at home, looks wistfully after them and bursts into tears. 
 Midwife appears and promises aid. She sends heroine to fetch pumpkin 
 from garden, touches it with her wand, transforming it into fine carriage. 
 Then heroine must fetch rat trap, and the seven rats are transformed into 
 prancing horses. Four caterpillars become footmen, and a rat from another 
 trap is made coachman with long whiskers. Heroine is touched with the 
 wand, and is forthwith beautifully dressed. Midwife sends her to ball, caution- 
 ing her to leave before midnight, when retransformation will take place. — 
 (3) King dances only with heroine and loads her with sweetmeats, which she 
 shares with stepsisters, who are loud in their praises of her. Heroine leaves 
 at eleven o'clock. — (4) Three days after there is another ball, which heroine 
 attends as before. This time she is detained, and clock strikes twelve. She 
 rushes off, losing a shoe ; her finery vanishes, and she is clad in dirty rags. 
 Stepsisters tell heroine what has happened at ball, how watchmen have only 
 seen a filthy girl running by with a shabby shoe, no longer golden, but very 
 tiny. — (5) Shoe is tried everywhere; at last by stepsisters, who cannot force 
 their feet into it. — (6) Heroine is jeered at for saying she will try it on ; but 
 the shoe fits her. The midwife appears, touches her with wand, and lo ! she 
 is the princess, and marries the king. 
 
 213 Theophilo Braga, Contos Tradicionaes do Povo Portuguez. 
 [Oporto; no date. J Vol. i, p. 122. Story No. L. (Told at 
 Oporto.) 
 
 " Salt and Water." 
 
 ( I ) A king has three daughters. He questions each separately to find out 
 which loves him best. Eldest says, * * I love my father better than the light of the 
 sun" ; the second, ** I love my father better than myself" ; the youngest, *'I 
 love him as the food loves the salt." — (2) King drives youngest daughter forth. 
 — (3) After wandering sorrowfully through the world heroine reaches a king's 
 palace, and offers herself as cook.— (4) One day the king, on cutting open a pie, 
 finds a very small but very valuable ring inside it. He asks all the ladies of 
 the court whose it is, and it is tried on one and all till the cook is called, and 
 it only will fit her. Prince falls in love with her in consequence, thinking she 
 must be of noble family. He watches her, because she will only cook in 
 secret, and sees her clad like a princess. He calls the king to see also, and 
 gets his permission to marry her. — (4) Heroine makes a condition that she 
 shall herself cook the wedding-dinner. Her father is invited to the wedding, 
 and heroine purposely puts no salt in the food to be set before him. All eat 
 heartily except the king, who eats nothing. His host asks why. He answers, 
 "And why is there no salt in the food?" Bridegroom's father feigns anger, 
 and sends for cook. Heroine comes dressed like a princess, and her father 
 ' knows her, and acknowledges his fault and the injustice done her. 
 
BRAUNS. I 7 7 
 
 TihYiD VtKXViiS, Japantsche Mdrchen und Sagen. Leipzig, 1885. 277 
 
 Pp. 74-78. \ 
 
 " The Girl with the Wooden Bowl." 
 
 (i) Very many years ago there lived, in a little village in the province of 
 Pamato, a couple who had hitherto seen good days. Misfortune befalls them ; 
 and not liking to live in poverty amongst for.ner friends, they go to distant 
 village. Here husband dies, leaving widow with extremely lovely daughter. 
 Mother fears her beauty may be fource of danger to her, and instruc's her in 
 all virtue and diligence. Years pass, and mother feeling ei.d approaching, 
 calls daughter to bedside, and bids her fetch little wooden bowL Daughter 
 gives it her, and kneels down beside bed, when mother turns wooden bowl 
 over her head. Her face is thus quite shadowed, and no one would suspect 
 how much beauty the bowl conceals. Mother is comforted, and after exhort- 
 ing daughter never to leave bowl far from her head, dies in peace.— (2) 
 Heroine goes forth to earn living by working in the fields, always wearing the 
 wooden bowl. She gets called ** Hatschibime", that is, the maid with the 
 bowl. Many )Ourhs try to persuade her to take off hat, but she always re- 
 fuses. She earns a spare livelihood in this way, till one day the richest land- 
 owner in the neighbourhood noticing her exceptional industry, engages her to 
 be nurse to his sick wife, and she spends happier days. — (3) Her master's 
 eldest son has just retuned home from studying in Kioto, the splendid 
 residence of the Mikado. He notices heroine, and laughs at her whim never 
 to remove wooden bowl. One day he peeps beneath it without her noticing, 
 sees her great beauty, and falls in love with her. — (4) He is anxious to many 
 her, but his parents and friends object, and his mother and aunt try to 
 calumniate the good girl. But he heeds them not, and soon proves their 
 statements untrue. He persists in his intention to marry her, and informs all 
 his relatives. Quite unexpectedly the girl herself makes difficulties. She 
 thinks it wrong to change her hard but safe lot for an idle life of ease, against 
 the wish of her protector. She is indeed in love with the son, and weeps 
 bitterly, though holding fast to her lesolve.— (5) At night her mother appears 
 to her in a dream, and bids her wed the young man. The next time she is 
 asked to marry him, she gladly consents. — (6) The wedding-day is fixed. He 
 has to bear with much mock ly, but cxres not, being happy over his good- 
 ortune. On the wedding-day the br de at last consents to take off wooden 
 bowl, but it will not leave her head, and she screams with pain on trying to 
 remove it. Marriage is celebrated with bowl on her head. — (7) Afterwards 
 at feast, when wine Is brought, as she empties the cup the wooden bowl bursts 
 with a loud noise, ard falls in pieces to the ground. When they come to 
 examine these pieces they find rare stones and precious jewels hidden under 
 them. But the bride's beauty excites still greater admiration. The pair live 
 happily together, and have many children, all beautiful and good like their 
 mother. 
 
 N 
 
178 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 23 ^.Yi.BvSK, Foik-Ioreof Rome. London, 1874. Pp. 26-29, 
 
 No. IV. 
 
 " La Cenorientola." 
 
 (l) Merchant goes to foreign countries to buy, promises rich gifts to his 
 daughters. First chooses jewels ; second, shawls ; third, always kept out of 
 sight in kitchen by others and made to do dirty work of the house, asks for 
 little bird. Sisters jeer at her ; she tells her father his boat will stand still if 
 he does not fulfil his promise. — (2) Merchant goes, does all his business ; 
 forgets bird ; boat won't stir by any means ; remembers what his daughter 
 said to him, tells captain, captain shows him garden full of birds ; he goes, 
 catches bird, captain gives cage, merchant goes safely home. — (3) That night 
 two elder sisters go to ball ; bird is a fairy, third daughter goes to it, saying, 
 "Give me splendid raiment, and I will give you my rags." Bird gives her 
 beautiful clothes, jewels, and golden slippers, splendid carriage and horses. 
 She goes to ball, king falls in love, will dance with no one else ; sisters 
 furious. — (4) Next night same happens, tells king her name is Cenorientola, 
 king charges servants with pursuit, they fail, as horses go so fast. — (5) Third 
 night, same ; servants pursue more closely, she drops golden slipper, which 
 they take to the king. — (6) King sends servant to try golden slipper on every 
 maiden in city, last of all comes to merchant's house, tries it on two elder 
 sisters, does not fit, servant insists on trying slipper on heroine, and it fits. — 
 (7) King comes to fetch her, bird gives her more beautiful dress than any 
 before; king marries her ; she forgives sisters, and gives them fine estates. 
 
 24 ■^^'^•> PP- 31-37- No. V. 
 
 " Vaccarella." 
 
 (i) Widower and widow have each one little girl. Man sends his child to 
 be taught with widow's child. Widow sends message every evening, saying, 
 "Why doesn't your father marry me?" Father does not want, to, but yields 
 at last, widow solemnly promising to treat his daughter Maria as tenderly as 
 her own.^ — (2) Before many months Maria treated with every kind of harsh- 
 ness ; stepmother sends her to campagna to tend cow, has to litter its stall 
 freshly every day and take it to graze ; though work is hard she gets so fond 
 of cow that she finds pleasure in tending it. — (3) Stepmother sees this, and 
 to vex her gives her a lot of hemp to spin ; Maria urges that she has never 
 been taught ; stepmother threatens punishment if she does not bring it home 
 that night properly spun. Maria goes to campagna, complains to cow. Cow 
 is enchanted cow, and says, ** Throw it on to the horns of me and go along 
 get grass for me." Maria obeys ; when she comes back finds heap of hemp 
 beautifully spun. — (4) Next day stepmother gives quantity of spun hemp to 
 
 ^ See note 15. 
 
BUSK. 179 
 
 be woven into a piece of cloth. Maria complains to cow as before, cow 
 answers as before, when Maria comes with grass she finds all her work done. — 
 (5) Stepmother conceals herself next day, having given Maria shirt to make up. 
 When Maria has given piece of stuff to cow and gone for grass, stepmother 
 sees cow turn into woman and sit down and stitch away, till very shortly shirt 
 is made, when v/oman immediately becomes cow again. — (6) Stepmother tells 
 Maria she is going to kill cow. Maria runs to warn cow, who says there is no 
 need for her to escape, as killing will not hurt her ; but Maria is to put her 
 hand under cow's heart, when killed, where she will find golden ball ; she is 
 to take it, and whenever she is tired of present state of life she is to say to it on 
 some fitting occasion, ** Golden ball, golden ball, dress me in gold and give 
 me a lover." Stepmother comes with a man, who slaughters cow at her 
 order. Maria finds ball and hides it away carefully.— (7) Shortly there is a 
 novena (a short service held for nine days before a great festival in preparation 
 for it). Stepmother dares not keep Maria at home, for fear neighbour 
 should cry "shame". Maria goes to church, slips away in the crowd, speaks 
 to ball, which opens and envelopes her in beautiful clothing like a princess. 
 Prince sees her, sends servants for her after prayers ; she has restored raiment 
 to ball and passes on undiscovered in her sordid attire. — (8) Every day this 
 happens till last day of novena ; prince's attendants use extra diligence ; in the 
 hurry Maria drops slipper, prince's servants seize it, Maria disputes possession 
 of it, but they retain it. — (9) Stepmother hates Maria more than ever, deter- 
 mines to rid herself of her, sends her to cellar to clean out large barrel, tells 
 her to get in and scrape it out before they scald it. Maria does so, stepmother 
 goes to boil water. — (lo) Prince's men had taken slipper to him, he sends 
 officer round to every house to proclaim that the maiden whom the slipper 
 shall fit shall be his bride, but it fits nobody, for it is under a spell. Step- 
 mother's own daughter goes down to help Maria, is inside barrel and Maria 
 outside when officer comes ; he tries slipper on Maria without asking leave, it 
 fits perfectly, he carries her off in carriage to prince. — (ii) Stepmother comes 
 back with servants, each carrying can of boiling water, they stand round 
 barrel and empty their charge into it ; so stepmother's daughter is scalded to 
 death. After a time she discovers what she has done, is greatly dismayed. — 
 (12) To conceal murder, dresses body in dry clothes and sets it at top of 
 stairs ; husband comes home with ass-load of wood, calls stepdaughter to 
 come and help him ; she never stirs ; at last he throws piece of wood at her, 
 body falls downstairs; he sees deception. — (13) Asks, "Where's Maria?" 
 ** Nobody knows, she has disappeared," replies stepmother. He finds she is 
 not in the house, goes away next day with his little daughter, born since his 
 marriage with Maria's stepmother. As he starts sees Maria go by in a gilded 
 coach with prince. 
 
 Ibid., pp. 66-84. No. X. 260 
 
 " Maria Wood." 
 
 (1) Dying queen gives ring to king; only he whom it fits is worthy to 
 marry their daughter Maria. Father, growing old, wants Maria to marry; 
 
 N 2 
 
l8o CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 ring fits nobody. — (2) At last a suitor, declaring himself prince of distant 
 region, arrives, but objects to test ; father inclines to omit it. Suddenly 
 prince agrees to it, but ring cannot be found ; he suggests Maria naming three 
 tests instead.— (3) Maria, having instinctive dislike for prince, consults 
 teacher, who is a fairy, and knows prince is the devil. She suggests his pro- 
 viding a dress woven of stars of heaven, another of moonbeams, a third ot 
 sunbeams. Prince is angry, but procures dresses ; they dazzle the pages that 
 carry them, second and third dresses having to be carried by relays of pages. 
 Teacher tells Maria who suitor is, and how to circumvent him. Prince 
 and Maria will come at night to dark wood ; here she must make excuse to 
 alight, after having got stolen r'ng from feather of prince's cap, where he will 
 wear it. She will then find wooden figure of old woman, which fairy will 
 provide, and in which will be all her valuables, including three dresses ; 
 must get inside figure when prince's head is turned, and walk away. — (4) 
 Prince and Maria start off ; she twitches ring off feather as it grows dark, 
 and, complaining of cramp, gets out to walk. They see old woman's form 
 under tree. Maria asks prince to chase a firefly, and meanwhile gets into 
 figure. Prince returns with fly, misses Maria, sends old woman to look for 
 her ; spends the night searching in vain, then drives home. — (5) Maria falls 
 in with party of charcoal-burners who offer hospitality. She s*^ays a long 
 time, and works with them. — (6) One day, when she is some distance from 
 camp, young king of that country is out wild-boar hunting ; hounds in pur- 
 suit dash past her, followed by riders ; she swoons with fright. King nearly 
 tramples on her ; bids huntsmen carry her to palace ; king pities her, and 
 tries to find her employment. Steward says she may help scullions ; Maria 
 thankfully agrees. Scullions and turnspit dissatisfied to have old woman as 
 help ; impose on her. She is hard worked and harshly treated. — (7) Car- 
 nival comes ; every servant may don a domino. Maria locks herself in loft 
 where she sleeps, gets out of wooden disguise, dons star-dress, and goes to 
 ball. Only king dares dance with her ; but dares not ask whence she comes. 
 She leaves early, unperceived. — (8) Second night she goes in moonbexm 
 dress, and when king asks why she left so early last night, says because she 
 has to be up early. He is incredulous, but questions her in vain. She with- 
 draws unperceived by inverting folds of garment. — (9) Third night she wears 
 sunbeam-dress ; chandeliers paled by it. Evades king's questions, but bids 
 him try on her ring, which she says has fitted none yet. She take's back 
 ring, and, turning sunbeams inwards, escapes ; but guards stationed by king 
 recognise and follow her. She unthreads strings of pearls, w^hich they stop to 
 gather. — (10) King in despair, shuts himself in dark room, weeps all day and 
 will scarce take food. Physicians fear the worst if he is not roused. Lent is 
 past, Easter at hand. Maria, satisfied with his constancy, makes cake, 
 putting ring inside. Assures queen-mother that if king will eat it all he will 
 be cured. Ladies-in-waiting laugh, but queen takes cake to king. — (11) He 
 cuts it, and discovers ring ; is aroused, makes inquiries, learns that old 
 woman brought cake as remedy ; sends for her ; she cannot be found ; he 
 nearly relapses. Goldsmiths, refiners, and alchemists examine ring, and re- 
 port the gold from afar, workmanship of kingdoms of West ; characters show 
 
fetjsic. I^I 
 
 5Wher is princess of high degree. Fun her search for Maria, who dresses 
 suitably under wooden covering, and goes to king. He promises reward for 
 tidings of lady. She steps out of case, and tells htr story. — (12) King 
 marries her. They li\ e with her father till his death. Maria inquires for 
 teacher ; she has returned to fairyland. 
 
 Ibid., pp. 84-90. 160 
 
 " Maria Wood" (second version). 
 
 (i) There is a kii g whose wife, when she comes to die, says to him, " You 
 will want to marry ; but take my advice — marry no one but her whose foot 
 my shoe fits.*' But the shoe is under a spell, and will fit no one whom he can 
 marry. King has shoe tried on all manner of women ; fits none of them. He 
 grows bewildered and strange in his mind. — (2) Daughter comes to him ; says 
 the shoe just fits her. "Then I must marry you," says king. **Oh, no, 
 papa," says she, and skips away. He persists. At last she says he must do 
 something for her first. He agrees willingly. — (3) She demands, first, a dress 
 of the colour of noontide sky, all covered with stars, and parure to match ; 
 second, a dress colour of sea, covered with golden fishes, parure to match ; 
 third, dress of daik blue, covered with gold embroidery and silver bells, and 
 parure to match. All these done, she asks for figure of old woman just like 
 life, so that it will " move and walk just like a real woman when one gets 
 inside it*'. This also done. — (4) Princess packs these three dresses and 
 others, and all her jewellery, and much money inside, gets into figure, and 
 walks away. Wanders on till she gets to palace of great king, just as king's 
 son comes in from hunting. Whines out, ** Have you a place in all this fine 
 palace to take in a poor old body ?" Servants try to drive her away. Prince 
 interposes, asks her name, and what she can do. She says her name is Maria 
 Wood, and she knows all about hens. He appoints her henwife, and she has 
 a hut on ihe borders of forest. Prince often passes ; she always comes out 
 to salute him ; he stops to chat. — {5) Carnival time comes. Prince tells her ; 
 she wishes him a good carnival, and says, "Won't you take me?" Prince 
 says, •' Shameless old woman, wanting to go to a festino at your time of 
 life !" gives her cut with whip. Next mght Maria puts on her dress colour of 
 noontide sky and covered with stars, goes to ball. Prince alone dares to ask 
 her to dance ; falls in love, gives her ring, asks whence she comes. She says, 
 " From country of Whipblow." He sends attendants to watch and find out 
 where she lives. She is too quick for them. — (6) Next day prince passes hut 
 again. She wishes him ** Good carnival"^ and says, '* Won't you take me ?" 
 " Contemptible old woman to talk in that way ; you ought to know better ! " 
 says prince, and strikes her with boot. That night Maria puts on dress colour 
 of sea, covered with gold fishes, and gf)es to feast. Prince claims her for 
 partner ; a<?ks whence she comes. She says from country of Boot-kick. She 
 again evades attendants. — (7) Next day prince comes by Maria's hut. **To- 
 
1^2 CINDERELLA VARL^NTS. 
 
 morrow we have the last festino,'^ says he. '* You must take me ; but 
 what'll you say if I come in spite of you ?" says Maria. " You incorrigible 
 old woman !" says he, and slaps her. Next night Maria puts on dress covered 
 with gold embroidery and silver bells, and goes to ball, dances with prince as 
 before, and tells him she comes from Slap-land ; evades servants again. — 
 (8) Prince now falls ill of disappointment. Physicians can do nothing. Maria 
 says if he will take some broth of her making he will be healed. He won't 
 take it ; she persists. At last he is too weary to resist ; she brings broth, 
 servants give it. Presently whole palace roused by prince shouting, "Bring 
 hither Maria Wood." — (9) They go to fetch her. She had put the ring he 
 gave her in the broth, and he found it when he put the spoon in. " Wait a 
 bit," she says to servant who fetches her. She puts on dress like noontide 
 sky. Prince beside himself with joy when he sees her. Has betrothal cele- 
 brated that very day. 
 
 261 Jdtd.^ p. 90. 
 
 " Maria Wood" (third version). 
 
 (i) Princess refuses what king wishes. — (2) He sen'ds servants to take her to 
 a high lower on the campagna and drop her down from top. They take her 
 but have not the heart to throw her down ; put her in large case and leave it 
 out in the open campagna far outside her father's dominions. — (3) Princess in 
 box frightened by barking of dogs. King's son hunting, comes up, has dogs 
 called off and box opened ; they see she is not a common maiden by her 
 jewels. — (4) She is taken to prince, who marries her. 
 
 262 -/^/V./pp. 91-95. 
 
 "La Candeliera." 
 
 I ) King wishes daughter to marry ugly old kmg, she begs to be spared ; at 
 last says before she marries, her father must do something for her ; he readily 
 agrees. — (2) She chooses to have made a great candelabrum, 10 ft. high, with 
 a stem thicker than a man's body. King sends for goldsmith and orders one 
 to be made quickly ; princess says she is very pleased with it. In the evening 
 princess calls her chamberlain, says she does not like candlestick at all ; he 
 must take it and sell it, for she can't bear the sight of it ; he may keep the price 
 himself, but must take it away early before king is up. — (3) Chamberlain gets 
 up early, but princess gets up earlier, and hides herself in candelabrum, thus 
 carried away with it. Chamberlain takes it to market-place of capital of 
 neighbouring sovereign, and sets it up for sale there. People seeing how 
 costly it is, no one will offer for it. Prince of country hears of it, goes to see it, 
 buys it for three hundred scudi, and has it taken up into his room. — (4) Prince 
 tells valet to have his supper taken up into his room, as he is going to the play 
 and will be late. Coming home, he finds supper eaten and glasses and dishes 
 
BUSK. — CALCUTTA REVIEW. 1 83 
 
 disarranged, scolds man, who asserts all had been properly laid. Next night 
 same happens. Third night calls servant, says aloud he is to lay supper before 
 prince goes out, and he will lock the door and take the key with him, but in 
 reality he stays concealed in room. — (5) Soon after, candelabrum, of which 
 he had not thought since buying it, opens, and beautiful princess appears. 
 " Welcome, princess," says he ; they sit down and eat supper together. Next 
 night orders double supper brought up, and after that all his meals, and never 
 leaves his apartment. — (6) King and queen interfere, say he ought to marry, 
 and not stay alone all day. He says he will marry no one but candelabrum. 
 They think him mad, but one day queen surprises princess sitting with him. 
 Struck with her beauty, she says, " If this is what you were thinking of when 
 you said you would marry the candelabrum, it is well judged." Takes 
 princess to king, they give her to prince to be his wife. The king her father, 
 hearirg of alliance is glad, says he esteems it far above that of ugly old king 
 whom he wanted her to have married at first. 
 
 Ibid.^ pp. 403-6. i 214 
 
 "The Value of Salt." 
 
 (i) King has three daughters, and wishes to test how much they love him. 
 He questions each separately. The eldest says she loves him "as much as the 
 bread we eat" ; the second, " as much as wine" ; the youngest, "as much as 
 salt." — (2) King thinks by her answer that youngest does not love him, and 
 orders her to live quite apart in separate wing of palace. — (3) She is very 
 miserable, and one day, seeing cook from her window, asks him to do her a 
 favour, and serve father's dinner without any salt.— (4) King cannot eat fare, 
 calls cook to explain reason ; then, understanding value of salt, and how great 
 was youngest daughter's love, he recalls her to favour. 
 
 Calcutta Review^ vol. li (1870), p. 121. (Abstract of Indian 25 
 version of "Cinderella", published in Bombay Gazette^ 1864. 
 In another version it is a fish, not a cow, that befriends heroine.) 
 
 "Cinderella." 
 
 (i) Heroine is ill-treated by stepmother, who finding that cow nourishes 
 her with its milk, resolves to kill it. ^2) Cow bids heroine be comforted, and 
 take care to collect its bones, horn, skin, and every part that is thrown away j 
 above all to avoid eating its flesh. Cow is killed and heroine does as bidden. 
 — (3) Prince is making choice of bride; heroine is left at home to cook supper 
 whilst stepsister goes to palace. — (4) Cow returns to life, gives dresses and 
 gold clogs to heroine. — (5) She drops one of these when prince is pursuing 
 her, and when he comes to seek her she is hidden in granary. Cock betrays 
 her presence. — (6) Prince marries her. — (7) Stepmother and stepsister are 
 punished. 
 
I §4 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 151 J. F. Campbell, Popular Tales of the West Highlands. Edinburgh, 
 1860-62. Vol. i, pp. 219 ff. No. XIV. (Narrated by Ann 
 Darroch, Islay, who had it from Margaret Connel.) 
 
 "The King who wished to marry his Daughter." 
 
 (1) King after death of wife leaving one daughter will only marry one whom 
 dead wife's clothes fit. — (2) Daughter tries them by accident, is seen by father, 
 and importuned by him to marry her. — (3) She asks advice of foster-mother, 
 and puts him off by requests : gown of swan's-down, of moorland canach, of 
 silk standing upright with gold and silver, gold and silver shoe, chest that 
 locks without and within and goes on land or sea. — (4) She puts herself 
 therein with her clothes and persuades father to put her out to sea. — (5) Coming 
 ashore, a herd wishes to break it up, but heroine stops him and takes refuge 
 with his father. — (6) She obtains service at the king's house under the cook. 
 — (7) Whilst the rest are at the sermon she feigns to bake bread, goes to hero's 
 house, puts on first dress, and to the sermon opposite the king's son, who loves 
 her. — (8) She leaves before sermon, changes, and everyone talks about her. 
 — (9) Same incident second and third Sundays with change of dress. — (10) On 
 third Sunday a watch is set at the doors, heroine escapes through cranny, but 
 they get hold of one of her shoes. — (ii) King's son will marry whomsoever 
 shoe should fit, — (12) Many try it on, and take off their heels and toes to make 
 it fit. — (13) A little bird always denounces these attempts and speaks of the 
 wee cook- maid. — (14) King's son lies down, mother goes to kitchen to talk 
 it over. — (15) Heroine asks for shoe, is refused at first, but allowed by desire 
 of prince.— (16) Shoe jumps on her foot.— (17) She fetches her treasures and 
 marries king's son. 
 
 152 Ibid.^ vol. i, pp. 225 ff. No. XI V^. (Narrated in September 
 i^59j by a girl in Benbecula to MacCraw, from, whom 
 Campbell had it. It was told with a great deal of queer old 
 language which MacCraw could not remember.) 
 
 " Margery White Coats" (Variant, " King who wished to 
 marry his Daughter"). 
 
 (l) King has four daughters, and after wife's death will marry one whom 
 her clothes fit. — (2) Youngest alone able, and is importuned by father to 
 marry him.— (3) Mother's brother advises her to ai-k for gown of bird's-down, 
 of colours of sky woven with silver, of colours of stars woven with gold, and 
 glass shoes. — (4) With uncle's help she escapes on filly with magic bridle, she 
 on one side, the chest on other. — (5) She comes to king's palace, hides chest 
 in rushes, turns filly loose, and goes to palace in petticoat and shift. — (6) She 
 grows dirty and ugly, and must blow the bellows all day. — (7) King's son 
 
CAMPBELL. 1S5 
 
 returns, and there is to be a feast. — (8) Heroine asks to go, but is refused by 
 queen. — (9) Who throws a basin of water at her and breaks it. — (10) Heroine 
 gves to him, shakes magic bridle, filly comes, and both go to the feast. — 
 
 (11) The king's son sets her on his own lap, and dances every reel with her. — 
 
 (12) To his question whence she comes, she answers from Broken Basin-land. — 
 
 (13) She escapes, returns to cook, and is reproved for joining in conversation 
 about the beautiful lady. — (14) This happens a second time, save that it is the 
 candlesticks which are thrown at heroine, and that eight men were set to catch 
 her. — (15) And that when she escapes she leaves behind her a glass shoe. — (16) 
 Prince's illness follows, and determination only to marry whom shoe should 
 fit. — (17) AH Jadies cut off heels and toes for this purpose. — (18) Prince asks 
 if none remain, and a small creature mentions the cookmaid. — (19) He learns 
 about basin and candlestick from his mother. — (20) Shoe is tried and fitted, 
 and 8 11 are in despair. — (21) But heroine retires and returns on filly with her 
 magic dresses, whereupon wedding takes place. 
 
 [Campbell not^ s the Highland colouring of this tale and the preceding. The 
 chest, the shift, and petticoat, the ball-feast, are all taken from the daily life of 
 the narrators.] 
 
 IdiW., vol. ii, pp. 286 ff. No. XLIII. (Told by John Dewar, 26 
 labourer, Cowal.) 
 
 "The Sharp (horned) Grey Sheep." 
 
 (i) Queen dies and king remarries. — (2) Stepmother ill-treats heroine, and 
 sets her to herd sheep without sufficient food. — (3) Heroine is fed by sheep. — 
 (4) Stepmother wonders thereat, and consults hen wife. — (5) Henwife sends 
 her own daughter with heroine. —(6) Who sends her to sleep by dressing her 
 head, but the eye in the back of her head remains open, and sees the sheep 
 comirg with meat. — (7) Report thereof is made and sheep is killed.— (8) But 
 beforehand it advises heroine to gather bones in skin. — (9) Which heroine 
 does, and sheep comes alive again, but halts, the heroine having forgotten the 
 hooves. — (10) A prince passes and falls in love with heroine. — (ii) Which is 
 revealed by henwife's daughter. — (12) Stepmother thereupon sends her own 
 daughter to herd the sheep. — (13) But heroine slips out and receives golden 
 shoes from prince zxA rendezvous at sermon. — (14) Which she attends after 
 the others, as she is not allowed to leave the house.— (15) The third time this 
 happens the prince runs after her and she loses a shoe in the mud. — (i6) 
 Fitting incident follows, and stepmother by henwife's advice cuts off her 
 daughter's toes. — (17) Wedding-day is fixed. — (18) But a bird betrays the 
 secret thrice.— (19) The third time the prince returns and finds the true bride, 
 and wedding follows. 
 
1 86 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 231 E. Henry Carnoy et Jean Nicolaides, Traditions populaires 
 de r Asie Mineure. Paris, 1889. Pp. 91-106. No. V. (Col- 
 lected in the Island of Chio.) 
 
 " Marietta et la Sorciere, sa Maratre." 
 
 (i) Marietta, when twelve years old, is sent daily to school, and brings letters 
 to father from schoolmistress, who is in love with him. At length school- 
 mistress, resolving to kill her rival, bids Marietta ask her mother to dress her 
 in best clothes to go for walk with governess. Whilst mother is getting them 
 out of chest, Marietta is to let marble lid fall down on her head, and mother 
 will laugh at the joke. Marietta does as bidden, and her mother is killed. — 
 (2) Some time after, governess marries father, and becoming jealous of his 
 love for Marietta, plans her ruin, falsely accusing her of breakages, etc. At 
 length she tells him he must choose between wife and daughter, and father 
 takes Marietta and exposes her on the top of distant mountain, and afterwards 
 takes her a box of provisions to last one year. — {3) At the end of that time 
 Marietta descends to valley, and sees magnificent castle, the home of forty 
 giant brothers. During their absence she enters and prepares excellent repast, 
 of which she partakes, then returns to her mountain. Brothers are astonished 
 to find nice supper prepared. Marietta does same thing two following days ; 
 then one of the giants decides to hide and see who comes. Eldest giant 
 stands behind principal entrance to palace, but misses seeing Marietta, who 
 enters another way. Thirty-nine of them keep watch in this way, and fail to 
 see visitor j then youngest giant must take his turn. If it is a man he finds, 
 he shall be their brother ; if a girl, their sister. Youngest giant places him- 
 self at little door of palace, and when Marietta is about to leave, he stops her. 
 Giants return, and are delighted to have a sister. They give her the prettiest 
 room, and each one puts a gold ring on her finger. — (4) Meanwhile Marietta's 
 parents think her dead. Stepmother says to the sun,^ *' Beautiful Sun, who 
 makest the tour of the world, tell me, hast thou ever seen a woman more 
 beautiful than I am?" Sun answers, "I am beautiful, and so are you, but 
 not so beautiful as Marietta." ** She is living, then ? " '* Yes, she is queen of 
 the giants ! " "Is she happy ? " ** Happier than you are." ** Where is her 
 palace?" "At the foot of the mountain." — (5) Stepmother, who is a witch, 
 changes herself into a pedlar, and goes to palace with wares for sale. Marietta 
 buys an enchanted ring ; when she puts it on her finger she falls dead. Giants 
 return ; are greatly distressed ; inquire who has entered palace, and hear about 
 ring. Eldest says it must be taken off her finger. Which is it of the forty-one 
 rings she is wearing ? Each giant removes his own gift, and the enchanted 
 ring remains. Eldest giant takes it off, bringing Marietta to life.^ — (6) Some 
 time after stepmother holds same parley with sun, and learning that Marietta 
 still lives, transforms herself into grape-seller, and calls *' Fine grapes" under 
 
 ^ See note 16. 
 
CARNOY. 187 
 
 Marietta's window. Servants have orders to admit no one, so stepmother 
 throws bunch of grapes in at window. Marietta takes one grape and falls 
 dead. Giants are sorrowful, agree she is too lovely to be buried in earth, and 
 resolve to expose her on mountain-top, reposing amongst flowers. — (7) King's 
 son, out hunting, sees something shining on mountain, and says to courtiers, ** If 
 it is treasure, you may have it ; if anything else, it belongs to me." They find 
 a huge gilded chest, and on opening it see beautiful corpse inside. Prince has 
 it taken to palace. He sickens day by day ; parents cannot imagine why. 
 He locks his room whenever compelled to leave it. King goes to war at head 
 of his army. — (8) One day courier brings letter to son, saying he must at once 
 join father ; the state is in danger. This is a feint, for king has returned 
 victorious that very night. In his haste to obey, prince forgets to lock room, 
 which king and queen enter. Having gazed awhile on Marietta, king presses 
 her chest, then her throat, to see if she is alive or dead. The movement 
 makes her quiver ; she coughs, and the grape falls from her mouth. She sits 
 up, and cannot remember what has happened. — (9) Prince is fetched back, 
 enters his room, and finds Marietta surrounded by all the court. He is 
 married to her next day. — (10) Stepmother once more questions sun in same 
 words ; learns that Marietta is wife of powerful prince, and where his palace 
 lies. She comes to capital of Marietta's kingdom, and writes on all the walls 
 of town that celebrated midwife has just arrived. Prince engages her to 
 attend Marietta, who bears beautiful boy. Stepmother plunges fork into 
 Marietta's head, transforming her into pigeon^ ; takes her place in bed. — (ii) 
 Every morning white pigeon asks gardener, ** Is the king asleep ? " ** Yes, he 
 sleeps." '* May he sleep well and have happy dreams! Is his wife 
 asleep ? . . . May she sleep ill, and have awful dreams !" Puzzled 
 gardener at length tells prince of daily occurrence. Prince rises early, and 
 when pigeon comes she sits on his shoulder. He has it put in gold cage, and 
 taken to his room. Every morning pigeon says, ** Are you asleep, my prince ? 
 Sleep well, etc. Is your wife asleep ? etc." — (12) One morning witch hears bird 
 talking to prince ; knows it is Marietta ; tells prince she is very ill, and must 
 have broth made from pigeon. Prince hesitates, but still believing woman is 
 Marietta, sacrifices pigeon. Witch swallows broth and throws bones into 
 corner of garden. — (13) Three pine-trees grow from the spot, and, as prince 
 passes, leaves murmur softly, pines bow three times. Witch knows trees have 
 sprung from pigeon's bones, and tells prince she is ill, and must have decoction 
 made from roots of the three trees. — (14) They are cut down and the bark of 
 the roots is thrown in another corner of garden. Blue pigeon comes from 
 bark and talks to gardener (as before). — (15) Prince goes to see pigeon, and 
 finds fork piercing its head. He draws it out ; blue pigeon becomes, first, three 
 firs, then white pigeon, then Marietta. — (16) Prince imprisons witch in dark 
 vault, and till day of her death gives her only bad flour moistened with a little 
 water. 
 
 1 See note 17. 
 
lS8 CiNDERELLA VARlANtS. 
 
 Hylten-Cavallius, Svenska Folksagor. 
 
 "Den lilla Gold-skon." 
 
 (See Thorpe, No. 112.) 
 
 27 Celtic Magazine, vol. xiii, pp. 454-65. (Narrated by M. Sinclair, 
 Tiree, and given as nearly as possible in his words.) 
 
 "The Snow-White Maiden, and the Fair Maid, and the 
 
 Swarthy Maid, and Frizzle or Bald Pate 
 
 THEIR Mother." 
 
 (i) King has married second wife Frizzle, mother of Fair and Swarthy Maid. 
 — (2) These go to church to see a king's son, and leave Snow White at 
 home at hard work. — (3) "Cantrips", or Trouble the House, asks her if she 
 would not like to go also, lays an enchantment- rod upon her, and transforms 
 her ; her dress is like sunlight, a golden shoe on one foot, a silver one on the 
 other, and three starlings on each shoulder. — (4) If Snow "White is thirsiyand 
 puts her hand to her mouth, wine and honey will flow out. — (5) She is to seat 
 herself near the door and not to wait for close. — (6) Cantrips strikes the 
 enchantment-rod on a rock and turns it into a black steed.— (7) First visit to 
 church, escape, wonder of sisters. Snow White's demand to go, and refusal on 
 account of her plainness.— (8) Second visit to church, king's son pursues, and 
 wins a golden shoe. — (9) Prince's vow to wed one whom the shoe fitted. — 
 (10) His visit to Snow White's house; she is hidden under washing-tub by 
 stepmother and sisters. — (11) The shoe nearly fits Fair Maid, but the prince is 
 not satisfied. Snow White cries out, is fetched, and shoe fitted on her. — 
 (12) Wedding takes place, and Fair Maid accompanies Snow White as maid 
 of honour. — (13) Snow White when her husband is thirsty gives him milk and 
 honey from her fingers.— (14) The sisters go to bathe, Fair Maid pushes 
 Snow White into loch, where she is seized by the Great Beast Senselessness. 
 — (15) When the prince returns the birds are not singing, and the black steed 
 is shedding tears of blood. — (16) He is thirsty, but he cannot get the wine and 
 honey from Fair Maid's hand. He falls into deep melancholy.— (17) bnow 
 White asks the Monster to let her go on shore to warm herself ; it is granted 
 if she promise to return. — (18) She comes to a herd-boy and asks, '* Are wine 
 and honey flowing, are the biids singing, is the black steed dead, is the King 
 of Erinn's son glad ?" — (19) The herd relates this to prince, who bids him 
 kindle a fire in his hut. — (20) Snow White again comes up on land, again 
 questions the herd-boy, who again tells the prince, saying the woman was like 
 the queen. — (20) Snow White again comes up, is waylaid by prince, who calls 
 together his soldiers and they slay the Beast. 
 
 Note, — Editor points out Irish provenance testified to by title of hero ; tie 
 
CHAMBERS. 
 
 189 
 
 pre-Christian character of such incidents as the Druidic wand and the lalie- 
 beast ; the connection of the latter with the Kelpie belief. This fine s^ory has 
 two "runs"; one descriptive of heroine's appearance when transformed, and 
 one, the heroine's question about her home. 
 
 ^. Cn\UBT.K% Poptilar Rhymes of Scotland. 1870. Pp. 66-68. 263 
 (From Fife.) 
 
 "Rashie Coat." 
 
 (i) Rashie Coat was a king's daughter, and her father wanted her to marry 
 a man she did not like. — (2) She consulted the hen-wife, who told her to say she 
 wouldn't marry him unless they gave her a coat of beaten gold ; they gave her 
 this, but still she wouldn't marry. She again went to the henwife, and under 
 her advice asked for a coat made of the feathers of birds. The king sent a man 
 with corn to cry out to all the birds, each bird take up a pea and put down a 
 feather ; this the birds did, and the coat was produced ; but Rashie Coat 
 would not marry, and, instructed by the hen- wife, she asked for a c->at of rushes 
 and a pair of slippers ; these they gave her, and the hen-wife couldn't help 
 her any more. — (3) She left her father's house and went far and wide till she 
 came to a king's house ; she obtained service there in the kitchen to wash the 
 dishes. — (4) On Sunday they all went to church and left her to cook the 
 dinner ; a fairy came to her and told her to put on the coat of beaten gold, 
 and go to church, and the fairy would cook the dinner. She went to the 
 church, and the king's son fell in love with her, but she ran home before the 
 church was over, and he could not find out who she was. — (5) The next 
 Sunday th^ fairy told her to put on her coat of bird's feathers, and go to 
 church ; this she did. and the king's son again did mt succeed in finding out 
 who she was. — (6) The third Sunday the fairy told her to put on the coat of 
 rushes and the slippers, and go to church. The king's son sat next the door, 
 and when Rashie Coat left the church as before, he left too, and gripped 
 her ; she got away from him, but lost her slipper, which he took up. — (7) He 
 caused a cry through the country that he would marry anyone who could get 
 the slipper on ; all the ladies of the court tried, but in vain ; the hen-wife 
 sent her daughter, who clipped her feet and got it on that way. — (8) The 
 king's son was going to marry her, and was riding away with her, when a 
 bird sang out as they passed by : 
 
 " Nippit fit and clippit fit, 
 Ahint the king's son rides ; 
 But bonny fit and pretty fit 
 Ahint the caudron hides." 
 
 — (9) The king's son thereupon flung off the hen-wife's daughter, and sought 
 for and found Rashie Coat ; he fitted the slipper on her and married her. 
 
190 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 163 Chubinsky, Malorusskiya Skazki (Tales of Little Russia). 
 
 Petersburg, 1878. Pp. 73-76. No. XVIII. 
 
 "The Girl with the Louse-skin Coat." 
 
 (i) Widower wants to marry his daughter. — (2) She luns to tomb of dead 
 mother, who bids her demand from father a dress like the dawn, another like 
 the moon, another like the sun. Each dress is procured. — (3) Heroine then 
 demands a cloak made of the skins of lice, and when father brings it her, still 
 following mother's advice, she dresses nine dolls, and says to them nine times, 
 " Good morning, doll ! Good-bye, doll !" then goes to seek her mother in 
 the other world. She seeks in vain, and falls asleep. — (4) A gentleman passes, 
 picks her up, and makes her a servant in his farm-yard. — (5) One Sunday 
 heroine dons her dawn dress and goes to church. Everyone is amazed. On 
 the following Sundays she wears the other dresses. — (6) The third Sunday 
 the monks pour some oil down at the church entrance ; both heroine's shoes 
 remain sticking to it, and she escapes barefoot and dons her louse- skin cloak. 
 — (7) Search is made for the owner of the shoe, and heroine is at length found 
 asleep on the stove. — (8) The king, who had fallen in love with her in church, 
 now marries her. They are still alive and well. 
 
 [The story is extremely well told in the idiom of Little Russia. It was 
 heard in the district of Pereiaslav, government of Poltava. There is a story 
 very like this in Athanas'ev (Moscow, 1863, Pts. i and 11, pp. 283-285), taken 
 down in the language of White Russia, at Pohar, government Czernihowr. — 
 Dr. Karlowicz.] 
 
 278 CoELHO, F. Adolpho, Contos populares Portuguezes. [Lisbon, 
 1879.] P- 75- No. XXXI. (Told at Ourilhe.) 
 " Pelle-de-Cavallo" (Horse-skin). 
 
 (i) Widowed king, with three daughters, seeks to marry again. He makes 
 an offer to lady, who asks what he will do with daughters. He undertakes to 
 dispose of them ; goes home and tells girls to get ready to go and see the 
 tower of Moncorvo, On reaching tower he bids them wait whilst he visits 
 friend, and leaves them there. He sends them food till he is married, then 
 neglects them.— (2) One day eldest daughter says, *' You must kill and eat 
 me," and dies; two days after, second sister says same, and dies. — (3) 
 Youngest sister mounts tower, sees ship on sea, and signals with handkerchief. 
 Sailors tell captain, who fetches her. She takes all sisters' clothes ; reaches 
 land ; meets old woman, and asks for means of gaining livelihood. — (4) Old 
 woman employs her to carry water for king. Heroine gets a dress made of 
 horse-skin ; the court call her " Horse-skin". — (5) One night there is a ball, 
 and a servant asks Horse- skin if she would like to stay and see it. King has 
 proclaimed that he will give ring to partner who pleases him most at three 
 balls, and he will marry her. Heroine pretends she would like to go, but that 
 old woman will not let her. She dresses in elder sister's clothes, goes to ball, 
 
COELHO. — COLSHORN. T9I 
 
 and dances with king. Next day she comes carrying water, and servant repeats 
 same thing to her, getting same answer. — (6) She attends second ball in second 
 sister's clothes. Third day servant again asks Horse-skin to go to ball, and 
 see lady to whom king is certain to give ring, for he has danced with no one 
 else. Heroine again declines. — (7) She attends ball, dances with king, and is 
 given the ring. Next day she carries water as usual. — (8) King falls ill be- 
 cause he does not know lady to whom he gave ring. The nurse tells Horse- 
 skin, who throws ring into chicken-broth nurse is carrying, without her seeing 
 it. King finds ring, and is pleased. Nurse does not know who threw it in, 
 but only Horse-skin was near it. She is sent for, and king asks who gave her 
 the ring. She will come back directly, and tell him. — (9) She goes home, dons 
 her best clothes, returns to king, and asks if he knows her, then tells her whole 
 history. — (10) King will not let her return to old woman, but marries her. 
 
 CoLSHORN, Carl und Theodor, Mdrchen und Sagen. Hanover, 279 
 1854. Pp. 143-47. No. XLIV. (From Altenhagen.) 
 
 " ASCHENPOLING." 
 
 (i) A couple have eleven sons, and they have nothing to eat. Then the 
 woman has a daughter who looks like a princess. Although the parents are 
 delighted with the child, no one in the village is pleased, and no one will be 
 sponsor.— (2) One day father goes as usual to forest to hew wood. He rests 
 under a bush and sighs from his heart. An old woman comes from behind 
 bush and asks woodman what is the matter. At first he will not tell, but at 
 last says that he has a lovely little daughter, and no one will stand godmother. 
 Old woman shakes her head sadly, goes home with him, holds the child over 
 the font, gives it three gold pieces, and vanishes. — (3) When the child is one- 
 and-a-half years old she comes back, and begs parents to let her take it away. 
 She brings the girl up in her own house in the middle of the forest. Heroine 
 is most beautiful, and on her fifteenth birthday old woman says she must leave 
 her for three days. She gives her the keys, and she may go into all the rooms 
 except the one which the little gold key opens.^ She must be careful to 
 obey, or evil will befall them both. Heroine promises. First day she is too 
 sad at parting with old woman to open any of the rooms ; next day she visits 
 them all and is astonished at the splendour within. At night she has no rest 
 for thinking what must be in room which gold key opens. Next morning she 
 looks at all the others again, and thinks that if she only opens door of for- 
 bidden room a little way and peeps, it can do no harm. — (4) She looks in, 
 and on the wall opposite door sees a great mirror with golden frame, and in 
 the mirror a lovely girl in royal raiment, with a crown of gold on her head. 
 She does not know it is herself. But as she goes nearer for better view she 
 comes upon a cask full of human blood. She is frightened, and drops her 
 thimble in, and, when she fetches it out, it is full of blood, and rub as she may, 
 
 1 See note 18. 
 
192 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 the blood will not go away. She has scarcely left the room when old 
 woman returns, and seeing stained thimble, says, " Foolish child ! when shall 
 I ever be set free now ! " and, weeping bitterly, old woman leads her from the 
 house, and says, "Now are we parted for ever ; I ought to be angry, but I 
 cannot scold. Here is my baptismal gift. When you tap silently three times 
 on this little box, and wish for anything,^ you will have it. God be with you ! 
 But I shall never set eyes on you more." — (5) Old woman returns to house, 
 and girl goes forth sobbing into the forest. She does not know her way, and 
 the thorns tear her clothes, and hands and face ; she has nothing but berries to 
 ea<-, and must sleep on the cold earth. — (6) The king comes hunting in the 
 forest ; when heroine springs aside to escape the hounds, he thinks it must be 
 some wild beast, and is about to slay it, when he sees in time that it is a girl. 
 He has her taken to palace. Here she must carry wood and water, and stir 
 the 6re, and as she gets dusty and covered with ashes, she is always called 
 Aschenpoling — (7) King gives a ball that he may choose a bride; all the 
 princesses are invited. At midnight, when heroine has put kitchen in ordc, 
 she bethinks her that she would like a dance, and taps the little box, and wishes 
 for a royal dress. Clad in this she enters ball-room ; king is dancing with 
 lovely princess, but leaves her, and dances till daybreak with heroine. Then 
 she returns to her work, and king inquires in vain what has become of her.— 
 (8) Next night there is another ball, and again king forsakes princess to dance 
 with heroine. Again she disappears, leaving him very sad. — (9) Thi'd night 
 he will dance with no one till heroine arrives. She is wearing a dress the like 
 of which has never been seen. He gives her a gold ring, and thinks to himself 
 that this time she cannot possibly escape him, for he has had the whole palace 
 surrounded with soldiers. But she only has to return to kitchen, and do her 
 dirty work. — (10) King falls sick unto death, and sends messengers into all 
 the world to seek the beautiful lady. — (11) Three days afterwards the cook 
 notices a ring on heroine's finger. When he questions her about it, she flings 
 it into the soup-dish. King finds it, and asks cook whence came ring. — (12) 
 Cook tells all he knows, and king goes into kitchen and finds heroine wearing 
 dress she wore at first ball ; he makes her his wife. When she is made queen 
 and wears gold crown, she chances to look into large mirror, and knows who 
 it was she saw in mirro- b. fore. 
 
 28 DoMENico COMPARETTi, NovelHfie popolari Italiane. Roma, 
 Torino, Firenze, 1875. (Being vol. vi of Cmiti e Racconti del 
 Popolo Italiano^ pubblicati per cura di Domenico Comparetti 
 ed Alessandro d'Ancona.) Pp. 95-100. (From Pisa.) 
 
 "La Cenerentola." 
 
 (i) A man and woman have two daughters, one more beautiful than the 
 other. One sits always in the chimney-corner, and is hence called "the 
 
 * Se? note 19. 
 
COMPARETTI. 
 
 193 
 
 Cenerentola". — (2) Her mother sends her out every day to mind ducks, and 
 gives her a pound of hemp to spin. One morning she drives ducks into a 
 ditch, and says, 
 
 ' ' Dill, dill, drink, drink. 
 
 If it is muddy, do not drink ; 
 
 If it is clear, drink without fear." 
 
 She has scarcely spoken, when she sees before her an old woman, who, 
 learning that she has ducks to mind and hemp to spin, asks whether mother 
 never sends other daughter. — (3) Then old woman gives her a comb, and 
 bids her comb herself. Heroine begins combing one side of her hair, when a 
 quantity of corn falls from it, which the ducks devour. Then she combs the 
 other side, and diamonds and rubies fall. Old woman gives her box in which 
 to put jewels, and tells her to take them home and hide them in her room. 
 Heroine says, " But now I have got to spin hemp." Old woman says, 
 " Don't trouble yourself about that," and, striking with her wand, she com- 
 mands hemp to be spun, and it is done. She then sends heroine home, 
 bidding her return every day to see her. Heroine tells no one what has 
 happened, but sits in her chimney-corner. Every day she visits old woman, 
 who makes her comb herself, and spins her hemp for her. — (4) One day, old 
 woman says, "To-night king gives a ball, to which your father, mother, and 
 sister are invited. They will ask you, for fun, if you would like to go, but 
 you must say *No.' Take this little bird, hide it in your room, and to- 
 night, when they have all gone, say to it, 
 
 • Little bird Verdirio, 
 
 Make me more lovely than I know,' 
 
 and you will be dressed ready for the ball. Take this little wand, and strike 
 with it, then a carriage will appear. Go to the ball, where no one will 
 know you, and the king's son will dance with you. Take care to leave when 
 they go to the refreshment-room, for no one must see whither you go. 
 Return to bird and say, 
 
 * Little bird Verdiri6, 
 
 Make me more ugly than I know,' 
 
 and you will be as before.'' Heroine takes bird, and does everything as bidden. 
 When mother asks if she would like to go to ball, she says *' No". King's 
 son falls in love with her, and is vexed to have lost sight of her. — (5) He 
 gives another ball in the hope of seeing her again. Mother and sister talk of 
 lovely stranger to heroine, who again tells mother she does not want to go to 
 ball. In the morning she goes out as usual with ducks, and old woman tells 
 her to go that night to ball, and be sure and leave as before, and if she sees 
 anyone following, to strike wand, and say, "Quattrini," and throw these to 
 pursuers. All happens as before. King has told servants to follow her, but 
 she throws out money, and they lose sight of her. — (6) King determines to 
 give a third ball. Mother returns, and tells heroine, who appears not to care 
 to hear about it. She finds old woman next morning, who tells her that to- 
 
 Ik 
 
194 CINDERELLA VARL4NTS. 
 
 night she will have a dress covered with little golden bells, and a pair of gold 
 shoes. If she is followed, she is to throw money and one shoe ; but, above 
 all things, not let it be discovered where she enters. All happens as before. 
 Servants follow carriage, and she throws out money and shoe. But servants 
 have been told by king that, on pain of death, they must not fail to see where 
 she enters ; so they disregard money. One picks up the shoe, and they run so 
 fast that they see where the carriage stops, and report, and give shoe to king, 
 who rewards them. — (7) Next morning, when heroine drives ducks, old 
 woman says, ** You will have to be very quick back this morning, because 
 the king is coming for you," and she at once gives her the comb and the spun 
 hemp, and sends her home. Mother remarks how early she has returned 
 to-day, and heroine says, " Look at the ducks, how gorged they are." At 
 noon the king's son arrives, and they all run forward, except heroine, who 
 goes to bird and says as before, obtaining dress with golden bells, and one 
 gold shoe. — (8) Meanwhile king asks man how many daughters he has. At 
 first he only shows one ; afterwards confesses that he has another, of whom 
 he is ashamed, 1)ecause she is always on the hearth, and is covered with 
 ashes. Prince has her called. Bells jingle as she descends stairs. Mother 
 says the stupid is dragging behind her the shovel and tongs. Prince recog- 
 nises heroine ; gives her gold shoe, which she puts on, blushing. — (8) He asks 
 to marry her, and parents cannot refuse. Heroine takes with her the bird 
 and all the jewels which old woman had given her. She gives presents to 
 parents and sister. 
 
 154 ■^^^^' Story No. LVII. Pp. 244-253. (From Montale.) 
 
 " Zuccaccia" (Ugly Gourd). 
 
 (i) King's wife is dying, and in great distress king says he will never 
 marry again or have ladies about him. Wife says this must not be, for, as she 
 leaves only one daughter, there is no heir to the throne ; but he is to marry 
 only someone who can wear her ring. She dies, and king puts ring in box 
 inside bureau, meaning never to marry again. — (2) His daughter, who was ten 
 years old at mother's death, is brought up by nurse, and is very beautiful. One 
 day, when she is sixteen years old, she is turning out the bureau, and comes 
 across little box containing ring, which she puts on finger, and runs to show 
 father. He remembers wife's words, and says he must marry daughter. — 
 (3) She is horrified, and escapes to nurse, who bids her not oppose father, but 
 tell him she will marry him if he first gives her silk dress of the colour of the 
 air, covered with stars of heaven, thinking such cannot possibly be found. 
 King orders dress to be supplied at any cost whatsoever. Servants think 
 king mad, but take quantities of money and ride off in quest of dress. After 
 six months' vain searching, they come to a city full of Jews. They inquire for 
 what they want, and find the very thing, and take it to king. He sends for 
 daughter to fulfil her promise. She runs in dismay to nurse, who bids her tell 
 father she is not content with this dress, and must have another of sea-coloured 
 
Ik 
 
 COMPARETTI. 1 95 
 
 silk, covered with gold-fish. King's servants procure dress, after many months, 
 from the same Jew. Daughter, prompted by nurse, demands third dress, 
 covered with little bells and chains of gold. King is vexed, but has dress 
 procured, and gives it to heroine, who falls as though dead. She is carried to 
 nurse's room. — (4) Nurse comforts her, tells her to make a bundle of the 
 dresses, take a bag of coppers, and escape quickly. Nurse sews strips of 
 dried pumpkin on to a cotton dress, which she puts on heroine, covering her 
 head and hands, so that she looks like a great walking pumpkin. Nurse dis- 
 guises herself also. They leave the palace at night, and journey through 
 many coun'ries. The people rush out to look at walking pumpkin. — (5) At 
 last they come to a city, and are seen by king's son, who is on the palace-steps. 
 He laughs at the sight, and asks them questions. Nurse says they have come 
 from afar in search of fortune ; her companion is called Zuccaccia. Prince 
 engages her to tend his horse in stable, and be scullion in the kitchen. He 
 talks with her every day. Nurse goes away on her own affairs. — (6) One day 
 prince tells heroine that it is his custom to give three balls every year, and 
 invites her to come. Whilst speaking, he taps her on the knees with the 
 shovel in his hand. She says he can only be teasing her ; who is she to go to 
 ball ? First ball takes place. Suddenly a beautiful lady enters in dress like 
 the star-covered sky. Prince rushes to meet her, dances with her, and asks 
 whence she comes. Heroine replies, "From Rap-Shovel on the Knees." 
 He cannot understand her ; begs her to accept gold pin, which she at once 
 puts in her hair. Midnight sounds, and prince goes to get refreshment. He is 
 only absent a little while, but on his return the beauty has gone, no one knows 
 whither. — (7) Next day prince finds Zuccaccia, and tells her of unknown 
 beauty, and his distress at not understanding whence she comes. He then 
 tells her of second ball to-night, and in speaking, hits her across shoulder with 
 stable- whip in his hand. Heroine appears at second ball in sea-coloured 
 dress, and tells prince she comes from " Whip-cut on the Shoulders", and will 
 tell him nothing further. He puts on her finger a ring, with his name 
 inscribed on it. Whilst he turns to give an order, she disappears. — (8) Next 
 morning he is talking to Zuccaccia as before, and, when inviting her to third 
 ball, hits her on the feet with the tongs. Heroine goes to third ball, wearing 
 dress with golden bells, which ring as she walks. Tells prince she comes from 
 ** Strike-Tongs on the Feet". Prince hides face in his hands, saying it is clear 
 she means to break his heart. When he raises his head she is gone. Whilst 
 dancing, he had given her his portrait to wear round her neck. — (9) From 
 this night, prince falls ill, will eat nothing, and cannot sleep for thinking of his 
 love. Doctors cannot ease him. One day he sends for his mother, and says 
 he has one wish — that Zuccaccia shall make him some soup. Mother exclaims 
 at his wanting that dirty thing to make it for him ; but he persists. — 
 (10) Heroine puts on clean apron, and makes soup, putting in gold pin, and 
 sends it him by servant. Prince finds pin and calls out. Mother thinks he 
 has found something nasty. He orders more soup, and heroine sends it him 
 twice more, first with the ring in it, and then with the portrait. Prince rushes 
 to find Zuccaccia, and asks who gave her the things, and she replies they were 
 his own gifts. — (11) She then tells everything, takes off disguise, and appears 
 
 O 2 
 
196 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 as at last ball. Prince presents her to his mother as his bride. — (12) Amongst 
 other guests, her own father comes to wedding, and does not recognise her. 
 She asks him if he has no child, and he says he had a daughter, but she fled 
 from his house. Heroine says, ** and with good reason, seeing he wanted to 
 marry her." She then makes herself known, and shows mother's ring. Father 
 asks her forgiveness. 
 
 215 Ibid. No. LXI, pp. 264-68. (From Montale.) 
 
 " Occhi-Marci" (Blear-Eye). 
 
 l) King asks bis three daughters how much they love him. First says, 
 ** As much as bread" ; second, "As much as wine" ; and with these answers he 
 is contented. Youngest daughter says, ** As much as salt", and because salt 
 melts away, father thinks she wishes his destruction, and with curses drives her 
 from home. — (2) Heroine, who is only fifteen, weeping, seeks her nurse, who 
 comforts her, bids her take bag of gold, then they set out together, carrying 
 bundle of clothes. They journey many days. Nurse has some pains to pro- 
 tect beautiful girl. — (3) One day they enter a city, and meet the funeral of an 
 old woman aged a hundred years. Nurse thinks if she can buy her skin they 
 are safe. They enter church, and after service nurse persuades grave-digger 
 to sell old woman's skin for twenty scudi. She sews this, with the white hair, 
 and the hands and nails on a cotton foundation, and puts it on heroine, making 
 her loijk a hundred years old. They proceed on their way without further 
 annoyance, only people wonder to see old woman walk so swiftly. — (4) Arrived 
 at great city, king's son notices old woman and questions nurse about her. 
 Nurse says she can answer for herself, and heroine says she is one hundred and 
 fifceen years old, and that she comes from her Oivn country, and her father and 
 her mother are her parents. Prince is much amused, and asks king and queen 
 as a favour to himself to keep old woman at palace. She has a room given 
 her, and the prince visits her often for the amusement of talking with her. 
 Nurse returns to her home. — (5) Old woman lives happily at palace, and is 
 nicknamed Occhi-Marci. Queen asks if she can do anything, and she replies 
 that when she was fifteen she could spin and cook, but now eyes and hands are 
 too feeble. Queen bids her try to spin, and sends her some wool. Heroine 
 locks door, doffs disguise, and spins. Queen and all the court are amazed to 
 see how beautifully blind old woman spins, and queen bids her make a shirt for 
 prince. They take her fine stuff, and afier locking door she makes shirt, and 
 embroiders the front with flowers. All marvel at the lovely handiwork. — (6) 
 Prince determines to find out what she does when alone, so watches at key- 
 hole, and sees her doff disguise before eating. He bursts open door and 
 rushes to embrace heroine, who is frightened and tries to escape. She tells her 
 history, and prince asks her to marry him. — (7) On the wedding day her 
 father comes with other guests, but does not recognise her. Heroine sits 
 beside him, and has given orders that all his food shall be prepared without 
 Bait, and in consequence he can eat nothing. When the feast is over heroine 
 
COMPARETTI. — CORAZZINI. 1 97 
 
 comments on this, and father says he cannot possibly eat food without salt. 
 " Then you like salt?" says she. " Yes, for I don't know how to do without 
 it." "Then why, my father, did you send me from home? etc." Father 
 recognises her, and begs forgiveness. 
 
 Francesco Corazzini, / Componomenti minore delta litteratura 155 
 popolare net principali dialetti. Benevento, 1877. Pp. 435- 
 439. (Story collected in Benevento. For second half 
 relating to Cinderella, see pp. 437-39.) 
 
 " U Padre e a Figlia" (Father and Daughter). 
 
 (i) Man has wife so vain of her beauty that every day she mounts high 
 terrace {loggia), and asks the sun : 
 
 " Oh, my round sun, 
 Circling so high ! 
 Say, is there one 
 
 In all the world more fair than I ?" 
 
 And the sun replies, "No, no, no !" till she becomes ugly. Then, when 
 asked, the sun replies, "Yes, yes, yes !" She falls ill, and after giving birth 
 to beautiful daughter, dies. — (2) When daughter is fifteen years old father 
 wants to marry her, but, aided by her confessor, she succeeds in cheating him 
 and keeping him at bay, till at last, when the wedding is fixed, after having 
 received the various impossible gifts requested from father, (3) she escapes in 
 guise of old woman, and her father is carried off to hell by the devil. Under 
 semblance of little old woman heroine seeks the fairies, and inquires where 
 she can get hired as servant. Fairies point out king's palace, where the old 
 woman who used to tend poultry has just died, and they bestow fairy blessing, 
 making her lovelier than the sun. — (4) Heroine, disguised, takes service, and 
 lives with innkeeper, who sends her daily with something for king. King is 
 pleased with her, and one day bids her put on his boots, as he is going to a fes- 
 tival. She does so always afterwards. Old woman says, ** Take me too to the 
 festival." And king gives her blow on the face with the boot, and goes to the 
 ball. — {5) Heroine goes downstairs, doffs old woman's skin, dons dress with 
 sun and moon on it, and drives in carriage to ball. King goes into ecstasies 
 when he sees her, dances with no one else, and asks of what conntry she is. 
 •* From Boot-hit," she says. In the middle of the/e/<? she disappears, returns 
 to king's palace, and puts old woman's skin on her back. King returns 
 inflamed with love, and she asks him, " Master, how did the ball go off?" 
 ** Oh, do let me alone ! There was such a lovely girl there that I have had 
 no peace ever since." — (6) Next day king is going to ball, and old woman, 
 whilst putting on his stockings, begs him to take her too. King hits her in 
 the face with a stocking. When he has started heroine dons a dress of the 
 colour of sea-waves, goes to ball, dances always with king ; says she comes 
 
198 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 from "Stocking-hit". King puts ring on her finger. She departs; the 
 gentlemen run after her ; she throws ashes, and they see nothing more. 
 There is the same scene at the palace. — (7) Then king falls ill ; old woman 
 prepares him a dish of vermicelli {tagliolini) ; he eats it, and recovers. Then 
 she makes him a cake {pizza) with the ring inside, and he cannot imagine how 
 it got into old woman's hands. — (8) That evening he is being dressed for ball ; 
 again old woman wants to be taken, and king hits her face with his garter. 
 Heroine goes to ball, and king dances with her ; but before she leaves he goes 
 and hides in a house, facing his own palace. Heroine throws the usual ashes 
 at the gentlemen who follow her, and enters the palace. — (9) Whilst she 
 taking off ball-dress king surprises her, and holds her fast to prevent her 
 getting inside old woman's skin. He recognises her as the lady from " Boot 
 hit", from ** Stocking-hit", from "Garter hit", and marries her. 
 
 /^/^., p. 484. [See Crane's "Maria Wood", No. 157 (taken 
 from this).] 
 
 216 Carolina CoRONEDi-BERTi,iV^z;^//(?/^/^/i3!r/^^/(9^;/^i-/. No. Ill, 
 pp. 200-204. (In II Propugnatore^ wo\. vii, pt. i. Bologna, 
 
 1874.) 
 
 " La Fola del Candlir." 
 
 (i) King has three daughters. Wishing to be assured of their love, he calls 
 each in turn and asks, "How much do you love me?"^ Eldest says, 
 " Better than my eyes " ; second says the same ; youngest says she loves him 
 as much as salt. — (2) He drives her away in a rage, and gives orders for her to 
 be taken to wood and killed. Queen, who is very fond of youngest daughter, 
 plans to save her, and has large silver candlestick made, and puts heroine, who 
 is called Zizola, inside it. Then queen calls faithful servant and bids him sell 
 candlestick. If a poor man should ask price, he must name a prohibitive one, 
 but if a gentleman would purchase candlestick, he must ask a paltry sum, and 
 let him have it. Queen embraces heroine weeping, puts dried figs, chocolate, 
 and biscuits in candlestick, and bids her farewell. — {3) Servant carries candle- 
 stick into piazza, and after having prevented its purchase by various poor 
 people, yields it to the son of the king of High Towers, who takes it to his 
 palace. Prince shows it to mother, and wishes it kept in dining-room. All 
 admire it. Prince is in habit of spending evening out, and as he returns late, 
 allows servants to put supper ready for him, and then go to bed. Perceiving this, 
 heroine comes out of hiding-place and eats all the supper. Prince returning, 
 and finding nothing left, rings all the bells, scolds servants, and threatens to 
 discharge them spite of their excuses. They are to shut up dog and cat in future, 
 
 ^ Quanto amdur mi vuoi ? N.B. — In the Bolognesian dialect amdtir is used 
 in the sense of sapore as welt as of amore. 
 
CORONEDI-BERTI. — COSQUIN. 1 99 
 
 that this shall not occur again. Next night the same thing happens ; prince is 
 in a towering rage. "We'll see; to-morrow night!" — (4) He hides next 
 night under table covered with cloth reaching to the floor. The candlestick 
 opens, and out comes a lovely girl, who sits at table and eats with a will. 
 Prince comes forth from hiding ; she tries to escape, but he holds her back, 
 re-encourages her, and promises to marry her. At length she returns to 
 candlestick, and prince goes lo bed. But he cannot sleep, and next morning 
 gives orders for candlestick to be carried to his room, for he admires it so 
 much. Henceforth he has coffee, lunch, dinner, and every meal served in 
 his room for two persons, and when servants have left, locks the door and 
 releases heroine. Queen mother concerned that prince will never eat with her. 
 He bids her be patient. — (5) At length he tells her he means to take a wife ; 
 she is pleased, and asks if he has chosen. He says he is going to marry the 
 candlestick. She fears he is insane, and reasons with him, but is obliged to 
 make preparations for wedding. The day arrives, the carriages draw up ; 
 prince has candlestick placed in first carriage, and seats himself beside it. It 
 is carried into church ; at fitting moment prince opens it ; out springs heroine, 
 dressed in brocade and resplendent with jewels. After ceremony they return 
 to palace, and queen learns heroine's sad story. All neighbouring kings attend 
 wedding festivities, amongst them heroine's father. — (6) Queen wants to give 
 him a good lesson, and has separate table prepared for him, and tells guests 
 that bride is indisposed, and cannot appear. Bride's father tastes one dish 
 after another, but finding all so insipid, is obliged to leave them. Suddenly 
 his daughter comes into his mind, and he is so overcome with grief that he 
 bursts into tears, exclaiming, " What a brute I have been ! " Queen asks 
 what is amiss, and he relates story of Zizola. Queen sends for heroine, and 
 gives her into father's arms. She relates all that has befallen her. Her 
 mother is then fetched, and festivities renewed. 
 
 CosQUiN, Contes populaires de Lorraine. Pp. 246-47. 232 
 
 No. XXIII. 
 
 "The Golden Pear-tree." 
 
 (i) Father and mother have three daughters; mother hates youngest and 
 sends her daily to mind sheep, giving her bag of stones instead of bread. — 
 (2) One day, whilst searching for strawberries, heroine is met by man, who, 
 learning that she seeks food, gives her a wand with which to strike the biggest 
 sheep, and obtain all she wants. Man disappears. Heroine strikes sheep, and 
 sees spread before her a table with bread, wine, meat, ard sweets. After she 
 has feasted, table disappears. — {3) This happens everyday, till mother wonder- 
 ing why heroine looks well- nourished, sends second daughter to spy on her. 
 Second daughter falls asleep ; meanwhile heroine procures food as before. 
 Second daughter returns to say heroine has neither eaten nor drunk ; but mother 
 suspecting second daughter was asleep, sends eldest next day. — (4) She pre- 
 tends to sleep, and sees heroine feed, and reports to mother. Mother feigns 
 
200 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 illness, and asks father to kill biggest sheep, and will not have fowl instead. 
 Sheep is killed. — (5) Heroine hunts for strawbenies and blackberries ; same 
 man appears, and bids her collect all the bones of 5-heep, and put them in a 
 heap near the house. Heroine does so, and golden pear-tree springs from the 
 bones. — (6) One day, when she is in the fields, king passes by house and, 
 seeing pear-tree, declares he will wed whomsoever can pluck golden pears. 
 Elder daughters try, but branches stretch up higher and higher, and they can- 
 not reach fruit. Heroine returns, and says she will climb tree ; mother tries 
 to dissuade her. Branches bow down to her ; king marries her. — (7) A year 
 after, whilst king is at the war, queen bears twins, each with gold star on 
 brow. At the same time dog has two puppies with gold star. King's mother 
 writes to him, saying heroine has borne two puppies.^ — (8) King, enraged, 
 sends order, afterwards executed, for heroine to be hanged. 
 
 233 Ibid.^ i, pp. 248-50. (Variant of the above.) 
 
 "Golden Bells." 
 
 (l) Dying queen enjoins daughter, Florine, above all things to take care 
 of little white lamb, or disaster will ensue. At her death king marries a 
 queen who has daughter named Truitonne. Stepmother hates Florine, and 
 sends her to field to mind sheep, giving her for day's food tiny piece of black 
 bread, hard as stone. — {2) Every morning Florine takes her scrap of bread 
 and follows sheep ; but when out of sight, she calls the little white lamb, and 
 strikes its right ear with wand, whereupon well-spread table appears. Having 
 eaten, she strikes lamb on left ear, and all disappears, — (3) Stepmother, sur- 
 prised that heroine is not starved, sends own daughter to spy on her. Trui- 
 tonne asks heroine to clean her hair, and falls asleep during operation. Then 
 Florine obtains food as before. At night stepsister tells stepmother she has 
 seen nothing, but confesses she fell asleep, and promises not to do so next day. 
 She, therefore, only pretends to sleep, and sees what happen?. — (4) Queen 
 feigns illness, and will eat nothing but lamb ; king at first objects to killing 
 Florine's pet, but at last consents. — (5) Lamb bids heroine collect all its bones 
 and put them on pear-tree, whose branches will then be decked with little 
 golden bells which will ring without ceasing ; if they are silent it will betoken 
 ill. All happens as lamb predicts. — (6) One day, when heroine is in fields, 
 king passes near castle, and seeing golden bells, says he will marry any who 
 can pick him one. Truitonne tries ; stepmother lifts her up to tree, but 
 branches get higher and higher out of her reach. King asks if she has another 
 daughter ; mother says yes, but "she is only fit to mmd sheep". King will 
 see her, and awaits her return. She comes home with flock of sheep, and 
 says to tree, " Little pear-tree, bend for me to pick your bells." She gathers 
 an apron full, and gives them to king, who takes her to castle and marries her. 
 
 * See note 30. 
 
COSQUIN. 20I 
 
 — (7) Some time after Florine falls ill, and king, being called to the wars, begs 
 stepmother to take care of her. King departs, and stepmother throws Florine 
 in the river, and puts Truitonne in her place. At once the golden bells cease 
 ringing. King hearing them no longer (they can be heard 200 leagues all 
 round), recollects that this was to be sign of misfortune, and returns home 
 in haste. — (8) Passing river, he sees hand coming up out of water, seizes it, and 
 draws forth Florine, who is still alive. He takes her back to castle, bangs 
 stepmother and stepsister, and takes old king to live with them. 
 
 Ibid.^ vol. i, pp. 273 ff. 166 
 
 "The Golden Bull." 
 
 (i) Queen, on her death-bed, exacts promise from king that he will only 
 marry a woman more beautiful than herself. At her death search is made 
 for fitting bride. Only king's daughter is more beautiful than dead mother ; 
 king resolves to marry her. — (2) Daughter seeks aid of godmother, who bids 
 her first ask of king a robe like the sun. This is provided, and daughter next 
 demands robe like the moon.— (3) When this is procured she asks for a golden 
 bull. King commands that all gold ornaments in kingdom be taken to gold- 
 smith and converted into bull. Princess goes secretly to jeweller, and begs 
 him to make bull hollow. — (4) On day fixed for wedding she opens secret door 
 in side of bull, and shuts herself up in it. She is sought in vain ; king is 
 furious. — (5) A neighbouring prince, fallen ill, craves of his parents a golden 
 bull. Princess's father offers his. Prince keeps gold bull in his room. He 
 will have no one in room with him, and eats meals alone. On first day, 
 whilst prince dozes, princess steals out and takes plate of food. She does the 
 same on following days. Prince, astonished at disappearance of food, changes 
 his room, but since he takes bull same thing happens again. — (6) Determines 
 to feign sleep and watch for thief. Princess comes out of bull, is frightened to 
 find prince awake, throws herself at his feet, and tells her story. Prince re- 
 assures her, promising to keep her secret, and orders double fare on her 
 account. Prince recovers and departs to war, telling princess that on his 
 return he will tap bull three times with his stick. — (7) During prince's absence 
 his father shows bull to visitors, one of whom taps it to see if it is hollow ; 
 princess, deceived, issues from hiding-place, and is greatly alarmed. Tells 
 story to king, who allows her to live at castle. — (8) A young girl brought up 
 at court to be prince's bride becomes jealous of princess, and one day, when 
 walking with her in the wood, bids her stoop down to look to bottom of deep 
 pit, pushes her in, and runs away. Princess is unhurt, and calls for help. — 
 (9) Charcoal-burner draws her out and takes her to castle. Prince has just 
 returned, and preparations are being made for his wedding. — (10) Learning 
 what has happened, he orders fiancee to be thrown into bonfire which is 
 burning before castle, and marries princess. 
 
202 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Crane, Italian Popular Tales. London, 1885. No. IX, 
 pp. 42-47. 
 
 " Cinderella." 
 (See Imbriani, No. 51, from which this version is taken.) 
 
 157 Ibid.^ pp. 48-52. No. X. (From the province of Vicenza. 
 Corazzini, op. cif., p. 484.) 
 
 "Fair Maria Wood." 
 
 (l) Husband and wife have only one child, a daughter. Wife falls ill, and 
 before dying makes her husband promise he will marry no one whom her ring 
 does not fit. — (2) After her death he takes off her wedding-ring, and when he 
 wishes to marry again seeks in vain for someone whom the ring fits ; at last 
 tries it on his daughter ; it fits her, and he wants to marry her. — (3) She does 
 not oppose him, but consents. On the day of the wedding she begs for four 
 most beautiful silk dresses, which he gives ; then she asks for a wooden dress 
 in which she can conceal herself; he gives this also. — (4) She waits one day 
 till he is out of sight, puts on the wooden dress with the four silk ones under 
 it, goes to a river not far off, throws herself in, and floats in the wooden dress. 
 — (5) Water carries her a long way, till she sees a gentleman on the bank ; 
 she cries out, '* Who wants the fair Maria Wood?" Gentleman calls her ; she 
 comes out ; he takes her home to his mother, who takes her as a servant. — 
 (6) The gentleman goes to balls ; the servant begs mistress to let her go and 
 see the dancing ; mistress refuses. She waits till mistress is in bed, dresses 
 herself in one of the silk dresses, and becomes most beautiful woman ever 
 seen. Goes to ball ; all dazzled ; she sits down near master ; he asks her to 
 dance, and will dance with no one else. Asks her whence she comes ; she 
 tells him from a distance. At certain hour she disappears, goes home, puts 
 on wooden dress. Gentleman tells his mother when he comes home in the 
 morning of beautiful lady, and that she only told him she came from a distance ; 
 that he thought he should die, and wishes to go again. Servant hears all, but 
 keeps silence. — (7) He prepares himself again for the ball ; servant begs him 
 to let her go, saying mistress had refused her the night before. ** Be still, 
 ugly creature ; the ball is no place for you," says he. She persists. He 
 beats her ; she weeps. — (8) After he has gone, and mistress is in bed, she puts 
 on another dress, finer than the first, and all the handsomest young men beg 
 her to dance ; she refuses all but the master. He asks who she is ; she says 
 she will tell him later, but she disappears. He runs here and there asking for 
 her ; no one has seen her. — (9) He goes home and tells his mother, who 
 gives him a diamond ring to give her, so that if she takes it he may know she 
 loves him. Servant listens, sees everything, but is silent. — ( 10) In the evening 
 master again prepares for ball ; servant again begs to go, and he beats her. 
 
CRANE. — CURTIN. 203 
 
 He goes to ball, and after midnight, as before, beautiful lady returns ; will 
 only dance with master. He offers her the ring ; she accepts it. He asks 
 whence she comes ; she says she is of that country 
 
 *' That when they speak of going to a ball 
 They are beaten on the head", 
 
 and says no more. At usual hour she leaves off dancing and goes ; he runs 
 after her, but cannot overtake her. He runs hither and thither, till when at 
 last he reaches home he goes to bed, more dead than alive. — (11) Then he 
 falls ill ; all say he will die ; he does nothing but ask for that lady. Servant 
 hears all, waits till her mistress's eye is turned, drops diamond ring in the broth 
 her master is to eat. No one sees her. Mother takes him the broth ; he finds 
 ring; is beside himself with joy. — (12) Servant meanwhile goes to her room, 
 takes off wooden dress, puts on one all of silk, so that she appears a beauty ; 
 goes to master's room ; the mother cries out, *' Here she is, here she is !" She 
 goes smiling to son, who is beside himself, and becomes well at once. She 
 tells her story ; they are married. 
 
 J. CuRTiN, Myths and Folk-lore of Ireland. London, 1870. 29 
 Pp. 78-92. (Taken down from the folk.) 
 
 *'Fair, Brown, and Trembling." 
 
 (i) King (Aeah Carucha) has three daughters, Fair, Brown, and Trembling. 
 —(2) Two eldest have fresh gowns, and go to church on Sundays ; youngest, 
 from jealousy, is kept at home, cooking. — (3) Son of King of Omanya falls in 
 love with eldest daughter.— (4) Hen wife offers Trembling beautiful clothes to go 
 to church in.— (5) Trembling asks for dress white as snow, and for green 
 shoes. — (6) Henwife puts on cloak of darkness, clips a piece from Trembling's 
 old clothes, and, asking for these objects, obtains them. — (7) She further 
 gives to Trembling a honey-bird for her right shoulder, a honey-finger for her 
 left, and a milk-white mare.— (8) Trembling is not to go inside church.— 
 (9) First visit to church ; flight ; wonder of beholders ; sisters get dresses 
 like stranger. — {(^a) Second visit : dress of black satin, red shoes, and black 
 mare. — (10) Third visit : dress red as a rose for skirt, and white as snow for 
 bodice, cape of green, hat and shoes red, white, and green. Henwife clips a 
 few locks of Trembling's hair, whereupon it becomes golden and long. 
 Mare white and blue, with gold-coloured spots, and a bird singing between 
 its ears. — (ii) King of Omanya's son forgets eldest daughter in admiration 
 for stranger. Stays outside church ; pursues her, and carries off her shoe. — 
 (12) Declares he will marry her, and sets off searching her with many other 
 princes.— -(13) Many mutilate themselves, but in vain. — (14) Trembling 
 offers to try, on shoe, but her sisters lock her up.— (15) When her sisters fail, 
 she calls out from cupboard, and the prince insists on seeing her, though the 
 
204 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 sisters say she is only used to put out the ashes. — (i6) Shoe fits; prince 
 recognises her; Trembling puts on the clothes. — (17) Combat then ensues 
 between prince and princes of Lochlin (nine hours), Spain (six hours), 
 Nyerfoi (eight hours), Greece (four hours). — (18) Wedding follows. A son 
 is born, and Trembling asks her sister Fair to stay with her. — (19) Walking 
 by seaside, Fair pushes in Trembling, who is swallowed by a whale. — (20) 
 Fair passes herself off as her sister, but her husband lays sword between them 
 at night.i If she is his wife, it will warm ; if not, it will stay cold — (21) A 
 cowboy had seen what Fair did. On the morrow the whale throws up 
 Trembling, and she bids the cowboy tell the tale. Three times she will be 
 thrown up, and, unless the third time the whale is shot with a silver bullet^ in 
 a reddish-brown spot under the breast-fin, she is lost. — (22) Fair gives cow- 
 boy a drink of oblivion. — (23) On the morrow, the same incident ; but cow- 
 boy refuses drink, and tells prince. — (24) Latter shoots whale (Trembling 
 might not speak to him until this was done), and delivers wife. — (25) By 
 father's counsel Fair is put out to sea in a barrel with seven years' provisions. 
 — (26) Second child is a daughter, whom, when grown up, they marry to 
 cowboy. — (27) Hero and heroine have fourteen children, and die of old age. 
 
 280 Danske Folkeceventyr^ optegnede af Folkeminde-Samfundets. 
 Medlemmer, 1888. P. 240. No. XXXVII. 
 
 " Prinsessen I Hojen" (The Princess in the Hillock). 
 
 [This story resembles in every respect that of " Guldtaerning" 
 (see No. 283), but is not so well told. The name of the heroine 
 is the same.] 
 
 30 Dasent's Popular Tales from the Norse^ 3rd edition. Edinburgh, 
 1888. Pp. 357-74. (Translated from Messrs. Asbj5rnsen 
 and Moe's Norske Folke-eventyr.) 
 
 " Katie Woodencloak." 
 
 (i) Widowed king had lovely daughter ; married widowed queen with ugly 
 daughter. — (2) In his absence at war, queen beat princess ; made her herd 
 cattle. — (3) Dun bull bade her not weep, but take from his left ear a cloth, 
 which served up food and wine. Queen set maid to watch how princess was 
 fed.— (4) On king's return, queen shammed illness ; paid doctor to say only 
 bull's flesh would cure her. — (5) Princess told bull ; they stole away together- 
 King sent scouts in search, and gave notice in churches, but in vain. — (6) 
 
 1 See note 21. 2 3gg j^Q^g 22. 
 
DASENT. 205 
 
 Princess rode on bull ; they came to forest of copper trees and flowers. He 
 bade her not touch these for fear of three-headed Troll owner. Princess tore 
 off leaf by accident, when Troll appears ; asks who touched his wood. He 
 and bull fight ; bull wins, but wounded ; princess cures him with ointment 
 from horn in Troll's belt. — (7) They come to forest of silver trees ; bull again 
 warns her because of six-headed Troll. She knocks off leaf by accident ; 
 Troll appears, fights bull three days, and is killed. Princess cures bull's 
 wounds as before. — (8) They reach forest of gold trees ; bull warns her 
 against nine headed Troll, but, despite her care, she broke off gold apple ; 
 Troll appears, fights bull for week, and is killed. Bull rested three weeks ; 
 then he and princess travel to castle. — (9) Bull bade her go to pigsty, put on 
 wooden cloak made of lath strips, call herself Katie Woodencloak, and ask 
 for place, first cutting off his head, flaying him, putting copper and silver 
 leaves and golden apple in hide, then laying it in rock, which gives what she 
 wants when knocked with stick. — (lo) Princess grieves, but bull insists ; 
 then, doing all this, she went to castle kitchen, and is made scullery-maid. — 
 (11) On Sunday she asked leave to carry water to prince's bath, but made 
 such clatter he threw water over her. Then she asked leave to attend church ; 
 strikes rock, man appears, brings her kirtle, horse, and saddle, At church 
 prince fell in love with her, ran after her, got one of her gloves. Asked whence 
 she came ; "From Bath," she replied, galloping off — (12) Next Sunday she 
 got leave to carry a towel to prince ; he called her names, and threw it at her. 
 Then, as before, she went to rock, and was given kirtle of silver, and rode on 
 noble steed to church. Folk wondered who she was ; prince held horse, but 
 no need, as horse did her bidding. Prince followed ; he asked her where- 
 abouts. "From Towel-land," said she, and galloped away. — (13) Next 
 Sunday she had leave to take prince a comb, but she looked so ugly, he threw 
 it at her. Then she went as before, and rode to church finer than ever. — (14) 
 Prince had pitch poured in porch, so as to need him to help her over it; she 
 put foot down, left golden shoe in pitch. Prince followed ; she told him she 
 came from Comb-land, and galloped out of sight. — (15) Prince gave notice he 
 would wed woman whom gold shoe fitted. Many vainly tried, till queen 
 brought ugly step-daughter, whom shoe fitted ; prince, sorely vexed, kept his 
 word. — (16) As they rode to church a bird sang : 
 
 *' A bit off her heel, 
 And a bit off her toe ; 
 Katie Woodencloak's tiny shoe 
 Is full of blood— that's all I know ;" 
 
 and it was so.— (17) Then palace maids tried shoe in vain ; prince asked for 
 Katie Woodencloak, who, amidst mockings, fitted on the shoe ; then doffed her 
 wooden cloak, showed her golden kirtle and the fellow to the golden shoe. 
 Prince glad ; gladder to hear she was a king's daughter, and married her. 
 
2o6 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 31 Denton, Serbian Folk-lore. (Popular Tales selected and trans- 
 lated by Madame Csedomille Mijatovics, edited by Rev. W. 
 Denton.) London, 1874. Pp. 59-66. 
 
 "Papalluga, or the Golden Slipper." 
 
 (i) Old man warns girls spinning and cattle tending against dropping 
 spindle down cliff, lest their mother be turned into a cow. Girl goes near 
 cliff's edge, and lets spindle fall. — (2) Reaching home, finds mother changed 
 into a cow, which she drives to pasture. — (3) Father then marries widow with 
 daughter. — (4) Stepmother treated stepdaughter harshly, gave her bag of 
 hemp to spin against stepmother's return home, on pain of death. — (5) As 
 girl drove cow she wept, when the cow (mother) bade her put hemp in her 
 mouth to chew, and draw it from her ear as thread. This she did. Step- 
 mother surprised to find hemp spun, so next day gave girl yet more, which 
 the cow spun as before ; and so a third time. — (6) Stepmother set her 
 daughter to watch how this was done, and then urged her husband to kill 
 cow. — (7) Stepdaughter told cow, who bade her not eat of flesh, but gather 
 bones and bury them, and then come to her grave in time of need. Step- 
 daughter's name was Mary, but she did dirty work of house, so was called 
 Papalluga. — (8) Stepmother and daughter went to church, first strewing 
 millet all over house, which Papalluga was to gather up, and cook dinner, 
 against their return, under pain of death. —(9) Then Papalluga went to cow's 
 grave, where was box of silk clothes and two doves, who bade her put them 
 on and go to church, while they did her work. — (10) All in church wondered 
 at her, and king's son fell in love with her. She ran home, doffed clothes, 
 and made ready for stepmother. Next Sunday same task was set her, and 
 same things happened, except that her dress was of silver. — (11) And so on 
 the third Sunday, when king's son resolved to overtake her ; but she ran 
 ahead, dropping her right-foot slipper, which he picked up. — (12) Then he 
 travelled through his kingdom in vain search of the owner, till he came to 
 stepmother's house, and tried it on stepdaughter. — (13) He was told no 
 other girl was there, when a cock cried, *' Cock-a-doodle-do ! she is under 
 the wash-trough." There he saw princess in golden dress, but with one 
 slipper. Fitting on the other, he took her to palace and married her. 
 
 234 Des Periers, Jean Bonaventure, Nouvelles Recreations et 
 joyeux devis. Lyon, 1558. Nouvelle CXXIX. 
 
 (" D'une jeune fille surnommeg Peau d'Asne, et comment elle fut 
 mariee par le moyen que luy donnerent les petitz formiz.") 
 
 (i) A rich merchant in an Italian town decides to retire to a farm to end 
 his days with his wife and children. Amongst others, a neighbouring squire 
 of ancient family calls upon him, and, being anxious to join w^th his own 
 
DES PERIERS. — DIXON. 207 
 
 property certain lands belonging to the merchant, makes believe that he is very 
 desirous to arrange a marriage between his son and the merchant's youngest 
 daughter, Pernette. The merchant is flattered. The squire's son makes love 
 to Pernette, and asks her father's consent to the marriage, which he grants, 
 provided his wife does not object. — (2) Pernette's sisters are very jealous of 
 her advancement, and the mother will only consent to the marriage if Pernette 
 can pick up, grain by grain, from the ground with her tongue a bushel of 
 barley which she scatters.— (3) And, seeing that the marriage does not please 
 his wife and elder daughters, the merchant orders that from that day forward 
 Pernette shall wear nothing but an ass- skin, which he buys for her, thinking 
 in this way to disgust her lover. — {4) Pernette often goes out clad in the ass- 
 skin, and her lover, hearing of it, goes to father, who tells him he is quite 
 willing to keep his promise, but his wife is not, until certain things are accom- 
 plished. — (5) Pernette, overhearing, goes to ask father when she may begin 
 the task ; he fixes the day. Father and mother watch carefully to see that 
 she does not take two grains at once. But a number of ants come and help 
 her without being seen by her parents. — (6) By this means Pernette marries 
 the man who loves her as she deserves. The sobriquet of Peau d'Asne remains 
 with her always. 
 
 James Dixon, Ancient Poems, Ballads, and So figs of the Peasantry 264 
 of England. Edited by Robert Bell. London, 1857. 
 Pp. 115-22. 
 
 " The Wandering Young Gentlewoman, or Catskin." 
 
 (i) Rich young squire is disappointed that first child is a girl ; tells wife if 
 the next is not a son it shall be outcast. Wife bears daughter, who is sent 
 away and brought up in the country. — (2) Heroine determines to travel about 
 and seek her fortune, since father does not love her. She puts her jewels and 
 rich attire in a bundle, and dons robe of catskins. — (3) She asks at knight's ^ 
 
 door for night's rest in stable. Lady takes her in to kitchen and gives her food ; 
 then sends her to out-house for the night. Here she hides her possessions in 
 the straw, and returns iiext day to kitchen, and is hired as scullion. Cook 
 befriends her. She is called Catskin. — (4) Mistress's son goes to ball. Cat- 
 skin asks to go after him, and mistress strikes her with ladle, breaking it in 
 two. Heroine dons fine clothes, goes to ball, dances with young master, 
 and tells him she dwells at the "sign of the broken ladle". She slips home 
 first. — (5) Next night all happens as before. Mistress hits her with skimmer, 
 and she says she lives at "sign of the broken skimmer". Young master 
 returns, finds Catskin in kitchen, and says how much she resembles the ball- 
 beauty. — (6) Third night mistress throws basin of water at heroine, who then 
 goes to ball, and tells young master she comes from the " sign of the basin of 
 water". This time he follows her, sees her enter out-house, vows he will 
 marry her, and, to get his friends' consent, will feign illness. — (7) He takes to 
 his bed, and will have none but Catskin to nurse him. One day his mother 
 
2o8 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 enters, and sees Catskin grandly dressed. Son says he will die unless he 
 marries her. — (8) Parents consent ; there is grand we Iding. — (9) Meanwhile 
 heroine's father has los*: wife and other daughter, and determines to seek 
 pardon of heroine. He comes to her gate dressed as a beggar ; tells his 
 name. Heroine receives him kindly, and will let him live with her. Then 
 father says he is only trying her love, for he is rich and can give her large 
 dowry. 
 
 [Note. — This version of the ancient English ballad has been collated with 
 three copies. In some editions it is called Catskin' s Garland ; or, The 
 
 Wandering young Gentlewoman For some account of it see Pictorial 
 
 Book of Ballads, ii, 153, edited by Mr. J. S. Moore.] 
 
 32 DoBsiNSKY, Prosto7idrodnie Slovens ke povesti (Folk-tales of the 
 Slovacs). Turcansky Sv. Martin (Szent Marton, in Hungary), 
 1880. Part VIII, pp. 65-84. 
 
 "Popelusa" (Cinderella; from /^/^/ = cinder). 
 
 (i) King has three daughters; the youngest is the most beautiful. His 
 wife dies ; he marries again, loses his kingdom, and becomes forest-ranger. — 
 (2) Stepmother ill-treats girls, and makes father turn them out. Heroine 
 (the youngest) advises taking three balls of thread, in order to find way 
 home. Father leads them into the desert, and abandons them whilst they 
 sleep ; but, by means of clue,^ they return. The same thing is repeated. — (3) 
 On the third occasion, instead of taking thread, the girls strew ashes on the 
 road. Father leaves them sleeping, and meanwhile a violent wind scatters 
 the ashes. Elder sisters abuse heroine for having recommended ashes, on 
 which account they call her Popelusa. — (4) A one-eyed giant falls upon 
 them, binds them, and carries them off. He bids his wife cook the two elder, 
 and fatten Popelusa for his eating. Wife, in making up the fire, omits to 
 remove poker from the stove. She goes out. — (5) Counselled by Popelusa, 
 elder sisters take red-hot poker and thrust it into eye of sleeping giant, thus 
 killing him. They put the giantess into the stove. — (6) Giant's castle is 
 magnificent, for giant was a brigand. Elder sisters deck themselves in 
 gorgeous dresses which they find in castle, and leave only rags for Popelusa. 
 One day they go out to explore the country, leaving heroine in charge of 
 castle. They arrive at large town, where young king announces his intended 
 marriage, and assembles all the girls in kingdom to make choice of bride. 
 Heroine's sisters please him, and stay a whole month with him. Returning 
 to the castle, they do nothing but scold heroine, and take themselves off again 
 to the king. — (7) Meanwhile, in sweeping the castle, heroine finds three golden 
 keys, and enters a room in which there are dresses more beautiful than those 
 worn by sisters. In a second room she finds men's clothes, and in a third 
 a heap of riches. — (8) Her sisters return once more, and then go off again to 
 
 ^ See noie 23. 
 
DOBSINSKY. — DOLEN. — DOZON. 209 
 
 the town ; whereupon heroine dons her splendid attire, hies to the town, and 
 is admired of all. Her sisters do not recognise her. King falls in love with 
 Popelusa, who abruptly leaves him and runs home. — (9) Popelusa's visit to 
 town and escapade repeated. This time, in her flight, she loses her shoe. — 
 (10) Young king obeys the command of his father to take to wife whom- 
 soever the shoe will fit. Heroine follows sisters from afar, carrying her 
 clothes in a bundle. Shoe fits nobody. King's son is going about every- 
 where with it, and encounters Popelusa. He bids her try it. She says it is 
 her own, dresses herself magnificently, and also dresses prince, then goes 
 with him before the king. — (ii) They are married. Heroine learns that 
 father is quite near, and fetches him to her castle. 
 
 DoLEN, Eit Vikublad. 1870. No. III. 33 
 
 "MANDOTTERfe I Grisehusi" (The Man's Daughter in the 
 Pig-sty). 
 
 (i) Widower with a daughter marries a sorceress, who ill-treats the girl, 
 drives her out into the pig-sty, and never lets her go to church. — (2) A 
 neighbour takes pity on heroine, and advises her to go three Thursday nights 
 and weep on her mother's grave. On the third Thursday mother appears to 
 heroine, and, hearing how badly she is treated, bids her go three Thursday 
 nights to a little hill on the outskirts of their ground, and knock at it. — {3) 
 Heroine does so. On the third Thursday night an old woman comes out of 
 the hill and invites heroine to come and see her and her husband the next 
 time she is ill-treated, or starved, or not allowed to go to church. — (4) The 
 following Sunday the rest go to church; heroine goes to the hill, gets a silk 
 dress and a horse and saddle, and goes to church. Prince sees her, and 
 wonders who she is and whence she comes. She leaves the church the 
 moment clergyman descends the pulpit, and gets home. — (5) On the second 
 Sunday she gets a silver saddle, and on the third Sunday golden shoes, saddle 
 and bridle. — (6) This time the prince gets so close that he lays hold of one of 
 her shoes as she mounts her horse. He travels about trying the shoe 
 everywhere, and comes at last to stepmother's house. Stepmother cuts ofl 
 her daughter's toe and heel, but a bird denounces her. — (7) Heroine is in the 
 pig-sty, and the shoe fits her. She asks leave to go and dress herself, knocks 
 at the hill, and returns clad in her last splendid robe. 
 
 DozoN, AuGUSTE, Cofites Albanais, recueillis et traduits par. 158 
 Paris, 1 88 1. Pp. 41-48. (From Epirus.) 
 
 " Les Souliers." 
 
 ( I ) Dying queen has shoes made to fit her exactly, and makes husband 
 promise to marry after her death whomsoever these shoes fit, be it woman or 
 girl. King's servant can find none who can wear shoes. — (2) One day king's 
 
 P 
 
516 » CiisiDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 daughter puts them on ; they fit her exactly, and at that moment her fathef 
 happens to call her. He says he must keep his promise, and will therefore 
 marry her. — (3) Daughter complies, but says he must first have made for her 
 two large candlesticks as tall as herself, and shutting with a screw. King 
 procures them ; daughter hides in one ; king seeks her in vain ; orders candle- 
 sticks to be taken out of his sight and sold. — (4) They are taken into next 
 town, put up for sale, and bought by a prince, who keeps them in his own 
 room.^ Prince is betrothed to a princess. It is his custom to have a dish of 
 various kinds of food taken to his room for him to eat in the night. Whilst 
 he sleeps heroine comes out of candlestick and tastes all the food, then washes 
 her hands, and rubs prince's hands with her own before returning to hiding- 
 place. When prince wakes to take food he notices that it has been touched, 
 and sees soapy water. Next morning he questions servants about food, and 
 tells them to be sure no cat gets into his room. Same thing happens follow- 
 ing night. — (5) Next night he only pretends to sleep, and sees heroine eat 
 food. W^hen she comes to rub his hands he says he will marry her because 
 she is so beautiful, although he is already engaged. He marries her without 
 wedding ceremony. — (6) Presently he has to go away for a year to the war, 
 aad bids his wife remain always in hiding in his room, and he will order ser- 
 vants to bring food and anything she may require. One day the mother of his 
 fiancee visits prince's room and discovers heroine, who has omitted to shut the 
 door. She is very angry with heroine for intruding, and orders servants to 
 take and throw her in a bed of nettles, that she may be stung and inflamed to 
 death. — (7) An old woman chances to come to the spot to pick nettles, 
 succours heroine, and takes her to live with her. Prince returns, and falls ill 
 at not finding wife. He has a fancy for vegetable diet, and it is made known 
 that people may bring vegetables for sale. — (8) Amongst others, the old 
 woman comes, and her herbs are chopped up by heroine, who slips 
 wedding-ring in. Prince finds it, and tells old woman he will call to see her 
 on the morrow. He rummages about in her house, and finds a kneading- 
 trough set up against the wall, and asks what is under it. Old woman says, 
 "Chickens barely hatched; mind you don't crack them". He turns the 
 trough topsy-turvy, and sees his wife. — (9) She relates what has happened, 
 and says how good old woman has been to her. Prince rewards old woman, 
 and goes home with his wife. Pie tells his prospective mother-in-law that, in 
 consequence of her conduct, he breaks his engagement to her daughter, and 
 proclaims his marriage with heroine. 
 
 34 Gennaro Finamore, Tradizione popolari Abbruzzesi. Lanciano, 
 1882. Vol. i, pp. 8-12. No. II. (In dialect as narrated.) 
 
 "La Bbrutta Cenerelle." 
 
 (i) Man has one daughter, and, when his wife dies, he marries again. 
 Stepmother is fond of own baby, but ill-treats heroine, whom she calls ugly 
 
 ^ 3ee note 34. 
 
FiNAMOR^. 21 1 
 
 Cinderella. — (2) She sends her to mind cow, giving her distaff full of flax, all 
 to be spun in the day. Heroine cries, '* O my cow, what shall I do ?" " You 
 spin, whilst I wind," says cow. Next day stepmother gives her double the 
 quantity to spin ; cow helps as before. But she is late getting home, and 
 stepmother scolds her. Next day she has still more to spin and wind into 
 skeins. Cow helps, but she is very late home, and stepmother is very angry, 
 and says cow will be killed to- morrow. — (3) Heroine goes that evening to 
 cow, and asks what is to be done now. Cow says, "Tell your father you 
 want cow's paunch. Wash it, and you will find a ball inside. Split this ball, 
 and inside you will find a box. Whenever you need clothes, or anything 
 whatsoever, look inside box and you will find it." Heroine goes to father 
 and asks for paunch, which he promises her. Stepmother asks why she 
 wants it, and she says, "To eat." She washes paunch, and all happens as 
 cow had said. — (4) Stepmother tells heroine she is going to take her daughter, 
 who is now grown up, to festival. Heroine says, ** What does that matter to 
 me ?" When they have gone, she takes her little box, and asks to be dressed 
 for the festival. Then she goes to church, and kneels down beside step- 
 mother, who says to daughter, "Fetch a chair for this lady." She brings 
 chair, and heroine gives her a ring, then returns home, and says to little box : 
 
 " Take these lovely clothes away, 
 And give me back my rags, I pray." 
 
 She sits by the fire. Stepmother and stepsister return, tell her about lady, 
 and show ring. Heroine says, " What's that to me ?"— (S) Next Sunday they 
 go to Mass. Heroine gets dress from box, also quattrini, which she is to 
 throw to detain pursuers whom prince will send. Stepsister again fetches 
 chair, and heroine gives her another ring. Then she leaves, scattering 
 qiiattrini^ which blind prince's servants. She drops a gold shoe, which prince 
 takes home. Stepmother and stepsister again talk to her, and show ring — 
 (6) Prince tries shoe at every house ; it is too loose for one, too tight for 
 another. At last he comes to heroine's home, tries shoe on stepsister, whom 
 it will not fit ; then asks if there is not another daughter. — (7) Mother says, 
 " No" ; but neighbours tell prince there is another girl there, and the shoe 
 is tried and fits her. Prince goes off without telling anyone.— (8) Stepmother 
 bids heroine get inside tub to clean it. Presently heroine persuades stepsister 
 to take her place, and stepmother boils own daughter by mistake. — (9) 
 Heroine goes to neighbour's house, and prince fetches her thence to be his 
 bride. She is clad like a queen by means of magic box. 
 
 Ibid.^ vol, i, pp. 13-19. No. III. 159 
 
 "LU ZOCCHELE DE LeGNE." 
 
 (i) Man and wife have one daughter. Mother falls ill, and, before dying, 
 tells husband he must marry whomsoever her wedding-ring will fit.— (2) Six 
 months after her death he begins to try the ring : it is too large for some, too 
 
 P 2 
 
212 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 small for others. One day daughter puts it on, and shows father that it fits 
 her exactly. He says he must therefore marry her. — (3) She goes weeping to 
 teacher, who bids her demand from father a dress representing the sun and 
 moon, trimmed with little golden bells. Father despairs of finding such ; 
 goes out of the city- gate, and meets a gentleman who asks him why he looks 
 so distressed, and offers to help him if he will, in return, give him his soul. 
 Father agrees to the conditions, and gentleman takes him to a shop whence he 
 bids him take the dress. Heroine is dismayed on receiving it, and goes again 
 to teacher, who bids her next demand a dress representing the sea with fishes. 
 Again father meets merchant outside gates, goes with him to his shop, and 
 gets the very dress. Heroine is still more distressed, and, counselled by 
 teacher, demands a dress representing olive-leaves and olive-berries. Father 
 gets this in the same way as before. Teacher tells heroine there is yet 
 another dress left to ask for. It is wrought of all the stars of heaven. 
 When this is likewise procured for heroine, teacher says she must get a 
 wooden figure which will hold the dresses as well as a person, and will look 
 like an old woman. Father obtains it from the merchant. — (4) The teacher 
 advises heroine to fix her bed that night upon the well, with only a weak 
 cover, so that when father goes in search of her the cover may break, and he 
 may tumble down the well. She does so, and puts her father off by various 
 excuses, until she is safely hidden, with her dresses, in the wooden billet. 
 The father then comes to seek her, and falls into the well. — (5) Disguised in 
 the wooden case, heroine escapes to a wood. King's son is out hunting, and 
 his hounds surround the wooden figure. — (6) Heroine is taken to the palace, 
 as goose-herd, and put in the stable with the geese. When they see her 
 undisguised, they sing : 
 
 ** Hiss, hiss, hiss ! 
 What a beautiful lady is this ! 
 Just like the moon and the sun is she, 
 Some nobleman's daughter she seems to me." 
 
 Servants hear, and tell king's son of it, and he goes himself to listen. — (7) One 
 night he is going to z.jete, and, as he passes, tells heroine so. She pretends 
 the matter does not interest her, and he strikes her with his boot. When he 
 has started, she dons the sun-and-moon dress, and goes after him. He 
 dances with her, and asks whence she comes. "From Boot-at-my-head," 
 she replies, and runs off. King's son is vexed that he cannot find out about 
 the lovely stranger. — (8) Next night she goes out with the excuse of taking 
 water for geese. King's son finds her opening a cupboard, and says to her, 
 **I am going to the /<?/(? to-night." She says, '* What is that to me?" and he 
 hits her on the head with the key. Heroine follows him to the/^/^, wearing 
 the dress representing the sea with fishes. He dances with her, and again 
 asks whence she comes. She replies, "From Key-on-my-head." He slips a 
 cornelian [ring] on her finger, and she leaves. King's son is left the more 
 befooled, because he cannot learn who she is. — (9) Next night, he sets a 
 watch to see whence the maiden comes and when she leaves. As he passes, 
 he tells the old woman he is going to ^hcfete. She has guessed that the guard 
 
FINAMORE. 
 
 213 
 
 has been placed, and says nothing to him. She puts on her dress, all olives 
 and olive-leaves, and goes to the fHe. She sees the guard, and drops from 
 her dress a quantity of money. They set to work to pick it up, and don't 
 trouble about her. She enters t\i& fete, dances with the king's son, silently, 
 without speaking, and slips away. She drops money for the guards, and so 
 escapes. — (10) King's son, from the " grand passion" he has for her, falls ill, 
 because he has not been able to find out who she is. His mother does not 
 know what to give him to eat. All day he asks for a cake made by her who 
 tends the geese. His mother says, would he eat a cake made by that dirty 
 pig? He answers: **Then make me one yourself. " While she is making 
 the cake, the goose-herd comes up and asks for a bit of the paste. After 
 some demur it is given her, and she makes a cake of it, putting into it the 
 cornelian [ring] the king's son had put on her finger. She asks his mother to 
 cook it with her own. Queen complies ; and when the cakes are both 
 cooked, she finds that the one made by the gooseherd looks the fairer. She 
 accordingly asks the gooseherd to give it her. The latter answers : *' You 
 have given it to me, and now you wish me to return it." Queen begs her to 
 do so, because it looks better, and her son will more readily eat it. At length 
 heroine agrees, but on condition that she shall take it to him herself. — 
 (11) King's son breaks the cake, and finds the cornelian in the middle. He 
 asks his mother: "Who made this cake?" She says she made it herself. 
 He replies : "Mother, this is not your hand. Tell me truly who made it." 
 Then she tells him what has happened. He jumps out of bed, and goes close 
 to where the geese are. And she, while the king's son stood there, wipes her 
 head \_sic], and the geese begin to say : 
 
 ** Hiss, hiss, hiss ! 
 What a beautiful lady is this ! 
 Just like the moon and the sun is she, 
 Some nobleman's daughter she seems to me. " 
 
 — (12) King's son hearing this, lifts the door from its hinges. Heroine tries 
 to hide herself in the billet of wood. King's son cries, " Stop !" She is 
 frightened to death, and can do nothing. He catches her, lifts her up, calls 
 the priest, and marries her. 
 
 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 83-86. No. XVIII. 312^ 
 
 "Lu Rre Sselvagge." 
 
 (l) King's youngest daughter is condemned to death at the wish of elder 
 daughters, who are jealous of her beauty. — (2) A general is to take her to the 
 wood of the wild king {rre sselvaggio), kill her there, and bring back her 
 garments soaked in her blood. General kills a little dog instead, stains her 
 clothes with its blood, and leaves her in the wood. After a time she falls 
 asleep. — (3) Next morning the son of the wild king finds her when he is out 
 
 1 For abstract of this story see Appendix. 
 
214 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 hunting, and takes her to his father, who treats her as a daughter. — (4) One 
 day the bird {palumnielh), on the balcony of another king's house hard by, 
 warns her that the wild king is going to eat her. At the suggestion of the 
 wild king, to whom she tells this, she replies next day to the bird that she is 
 going to marry its master. — (5) The bird is angry at this, and its master, 
 wondering what can have upset it, goes to watch unseen the next time the 
 bird is on the balcony. He sees heroine, overhears the dialogue between her 
 and the bird, and sends to the wild king to ask for heroine's hand. — (6) Her 
 father is invited to the wedding, and tells her of the ill-treatment he has 
 received at the hands of his elder daughters. 
 
 217 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 130-32. No. XXVI. 
 
 " Lu ScARTOZZE DE Sale" (The Screw of Salt). 
 
 (i) A king has three daughters. Before starting to the fair, he asks what 
 he shall bring them. Eldest chooses kerchiefs, the second a pair of boots, 
 and the youngest a screw of salt. Elder sisters tell father heroine wants salt 
 to put in his cooking, and for this he drives her from home. — (2) Heroine sets 
 forth disguised as an old woman in an ugly skin, and arrives at a farm-house, 
 where she asks for bread. — (3) She looks so wretched that the mistress offers 
 to engage her to mind poultry in return for her keep. She takes them to 
 pasture, and when she reaches a spot far from the farm she throws off her 
 disguise ; and the hens, seeing the lovely girl, begin to sing : — 
 "Cac-cac-cac! 
 
 What a beautiful lady is here ! 
 
 Oh, what a moon ! Oh, what a sun ! 
 
 Oh, what a grand lord's daughter !" 
 
 Heroine dons disguise again, and kills one of the hens with her stick. That 
 evening she tells mistress that hen died from apoplectic stroke. Same thing 
 happens next day, and she kills another hen. — (4) Mistress begins to suspect, 
 and goes on the morrow to spy. Suddenly king's son appears, and she tells 
 him of the lovely lady she has seen. When prince sees heroine she is wear- 
 ing disguise, and he says, " Old woman, will you come and work in my 
 kitchen?" Heroine makes excuses, chattering a good deal ; but prince insists. 
 — (5) She goes to king's house, and has to stay in room by herself. There is 
 a hole in the room through which anyone could spy. Heroine takes off her 
 skin, stops up the hole with it so as not to be seen, and then begins to do her 
 hair. — (6) Prince comes quietly and steals skin. When heroine misses it she 
 begins to weep. Prince throws open the door and says she is to be his wife. — 
 (7) Heroine wishes her father to be invited to the wedding, and that everything 
 shall be cooked without salt. Father cannot eat the food. Heroine says, 
 , " Now you see how nasty food is without salt. That is why I asked you for 
 salt from the fair, and my sisters said it was to spoil the cooking." King 
 embraces her and punishes the two sisters. 
 
KOLK-LORE JOURNAL. 215 
 
 Folk-lore Journal^ ii, pp. 72-74. Folk-tales from Old Meldrum, 35 
 Aberdeenshire. 
 
 (Written down by the mother of Mr. Moir, Rector of the 
 Grammar School, Aberdeen.) 
 
 "The Red Calf." 
 
 (i) Parents have two daughters. The elder, who is ugly and ill-natured, is 
 their favourite, and they ill-treat heroine, sending her to herd cattle, and 
 giving her only a little porridge and whey. — (2) One day red calf amongst 
 the cattle bids heroine give porridge and whey to dog, then leads her through 
 wood to fine house, where nice dinner is spread for her. This happens every 
 day, and heroine grows bonnier and more beautiful, instead of wasting. So 
 parents spy on her, and see calf take her to feast. — (3) The calf is to be slain ; 
 ugly sister is to hold its head, whilst heroine kills it with an axe. Calf com- 
 forts heroine, and tells her to bring down the axe on sister's head instead ; 
 then jump on calf's back. — (4) In this way heroine escapes. They come to 
 meadow of rushes, and make a coat for her. Then they travel on to king's 
 palace, where Rashin-Coatie is hired as kitchen-maid, and calf is kept too. — • 
 (5) At Yule-tide heroine is to stay at home and get dinner ready, whilst all 
 go to church. Calf goes out and gets fine clothes and slippers for heroine, 
 and undertakes to get the dinner. Heroine dons clothes, and before leaving 
 for church says : 
 
 *' Ilka peat gar anither burn, 
 An ilka spit gar anither turn, 
 An ilka pot gar anither play, 
 Till I come frae the kirk on gude Yule-day." 
 
 Everybody in church admires her, and the prince falls in love, and hurries 
 after her to stop her leaving. She jumps past him, but loses one of her shoes, 
 which he keeps. — (6) Prince will wed whomsoever it fits, and sends servant 
 through all the land to try it, but none can wear it. He comes at length to 
 henwife's house, and her daughter pares her feet and clips her toes till shoe 
 goes on. Prince is very angry at getting wrong girl, but will keep his 
 promise. On the way to kirk a little bird sings : 
 
 '* Clippit feet and paret taes is on the saidle set ; 
 But bonnie feet and braw feet sits in the kitchen neuk." 
 
 ** What's that ?" says the prince. Hen wife says he should not heed what a 
 ** feel" bird says ; but he bids bird sing again. — (7) Then prince turns and 
 rides home, and goes straight to kitchen, where he sees Rashin-Coatie. He 
 knows her at once. The shoe fits her, and he marries her. They build a 
 house for the red calf. 
 
2l6 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 235 M. Frere, Old Deccan Days. Collected from oral tradition 
 (London, 1870.) Pp. 236-45 (2nd edition). (Narrated by 
 Anna Liberata de Souza, ayah.) 
 
 "SoDEWA Bai." 
 
 (i) Rajah and Ranee had beautiful daughter, so good that gems fell from 
 her lips when she spoke, whereby father became richest Rajah. — (2) She was 
 born with golden necklace, which contained her soul,^ so she would die if it 
 were taken off and worn by another. — (3) One day father gave her slippers of 
 gold and gems, of which one fell into jungle below mountain, while she 
 gathered flowers, and was lost, although great reward offered. — (4) Prince 
 Rowjee, when hunting, found it, and his mother advised him to seek its 
 owner. — (5) News reached him about its loss, and his mother advised him to 
 take it to princess, and claim her hand as reward, which was granted. — (6) 
 Rajah gave him leave to visit his own people, taking his wife, and charged 
 him never to let necklace be taken off her. — (7) Rowjee had another wife, 
 whom he married in childhood ; she hated Sodewa Bai, but feigned love. — 
 (8) One day Rowjee went a journey, then the first wife went to Sodewa, saw 
 her jewels, and asked why she always wore necklace. Sodewa told her, and 
 the other plotted with servant to steal the necklace, which was done while 
 Sodewa slept, and her spirit fled. — (9) Next morning Rajah and Ranee found 
 her lying cold as marble ; full of grief, they put her in a tomb near a tank, 
 and went daily to look at her body, which kept sweet and fair. Rowjee was 
 sorely grieved on his return, so that all thought he would die. — (lo) The 
 servant did not wear necklace at night ; then Sodewa's soul returned, and she 
 walked to the tank to drink, jewels falling from her as she went. — (11) One 
 day Rowjee, watching, saw these, and stayed to see whence they came, but 
 Sodewa came not.— (12) After two months she bore a son, but as day dawned 
 she died, and the baby wept, — (13) Then Rowjee went to tomb at night, 
 heard child cry, saw door open, and Sodewa carry babe to tank. She heard 
 footsteps and fled to tomb ; Rowjee followed ; called her by name, then she 
 knew him, and told him of theft of necklace. — (14) He went to palace ; sum- 
 moned servants ; saw thief, and sent her to prison. — (15) She told all ; then 
 the first wife was imprisoned for life, and Rowjee went to tomb, put necklace 
 on Sodewa, and brought her and the child to palace. 
 
 Gelbart, Rev. E. '^.., Folk-lore of Modern Greece., 1884. Pp. 27-30. 
 " Little Saddleslut." 
 (See Von Hahn, No. 50.) 
 
 1 See note 25. 
 
GLINSKI. — GONZENBACH. 217 
 
 A. J. Glinski, Bajarz Pohki} 4 vols., 2nd ed. Wilna, 1862. 36 
 Vol. iii, pp. 135-49. (A long story, very complete and 
 beautiful . — Dr. Karloivicz. ) 
 
 (i) Heroine is driven from home by two elder sisters, because she has 
 buried a horse's head which was lying about abandoned. — (2) She takes 
 service with queen, who has a young son. In her dream heroine hears an 
 oak-tree calling her. — (3) Inside this oak she finds gorgeous attire, and three 
 times puzzles the prince in church. — (4) On the third occasion her shoe is 
 caught in the pitch-trap, and eventually she marries the prince. 
 
 GoNZENBACH, SicUianische Mdrchen^ aus dem Volksmund 160 
 gesammelt von Laura Gonzenbach, mit Anmerkungen 
 Reinhold Kohler's, etc. Leipzig, 1870. No. XXXVIIL Vol. i, 
 pp. 261-69. 
 
 " Betta Pilusa" (Hairy Betty). 
 
 (l) A rich man has an only daughter, who is extremely beautiful. His 
 wife exacts promise on her death-bed that he will only marry someone who 
 can wear her ring. — (2) Daughter, looking over dead mother's jewels, comes 
 across ring, puts it on, and cannot get it off again. Afraid of father's 
 reproof, she winds rag round finger, and tells him she has cut it. He wishes 
 to look ; she refuses to let him. He is angry, tears off the rag, and seeing 
 ring on finger, says he must marry her. — (3) She is aghast, and begs leave 
 first to see her father- confessor. He advises her to demand, as condition of 
 marriage, a dress like heaven, with sun, moon, and stars upon it. Father 
 searches in vain for such a dress. At last, at his wit's end, he is pacing 
 along, when a fine gentleman accosts him, and asks why he hangs his 
 head, and, learning the reason, undertakes to procure dress for him. After 
 short time the stranger, who is the devil, returns with it. Daughter is terri- 
 fied on receiving dress, and says she must once more visit father- confessor. 
 He bids her demand dress like the sea, having all marine flowers and fishes 
 upon it. Father fails to find such. At last seeks aid of devil, who procures 
 dress. Daughter is next advised to demand a dress with all the animals and 
 plants of the earth upon it. This father obtains at once from the devil. 
 Father- confessor tells her to ask now for dress of grey pigskin. This also is 
 supplied by the devil. Then she asks for two measures of pearls and 
 precious stones, and, having these, resolves to fly. — (4) She makes a bundle 
 of the magic gifts, then fills a basin with water, and puts two doves in it. 
 Father knocks at her door, and she says she is washing herself. Then she 
 
 1 Although called Polish, the above is really a collection of White 
 Ruthenian tales, narrated in the Polish language. 
 
2l8 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 puts on pigskin, and escapes in the twilight, through a back door. Father 
 waits for her, and, listening at door, hears doves splashing in the water, and 
 thinks she is still washing. At last, losing patience, he bursts into the 
 room, to find no one there. — (5) Meanwhile heroine reaches forest, and the 
 king's son, who is hunting, is about to shoot the curious grey-skinned animal, 
 when she calls out. He is amazed, and in the name of God would know 
 who she is. Heroine says she is a baptised soul, and is called Hairy Betty. 
 Prince takes her to castle, where she elects to live in hen-house. She tends 
 the poultry, and prince comes daily to talk with her, and bring her dainty 
 morsels. — (6) One day he tells her he is soon going to be married, and there 
 will be three days' festival. He invites her to ball that night, but she 
 declines. But when evening arrives, she throws off pigskin, washes herself, 
 and wishes for a lady's-maid ; for, having the magic dresses in her possession, 
 she has only to wish for anything, and she has it.^ Accordingly lady's-maid, 
 appears instantly to dress her in the first magic dress, and adorn her with 
 mother's jewels. Heroine now wishes for carriage and liveried servants, and 
 goes to ball. Prince forsakes his bride, and dances the whole evening with 
 lovely stranger. He gives her a gold pin. She escapes at end of the dance, 
 and he bids servants follow carriage and see where she goes. She scatters 
 so many pearls and jewels, that servants are blinded. She hastens to hen- 
 house, and resumes disguise. Prince comes to tell her about the beauty at 
 ball whom she has missed seeing. She says she has preferred being asleep. — 
 (7) Next day he invites her again to ball. She says he should not make fun 
 of her. But in the evening she goes as before, wearing second magic dress, 
 and prince gives her a gold watch. His bride is very angry. Servants 
 again fail to track her, being blinded by the jewels she throws.— (8) Next 
 morning prince tells heroine there is one more ball, and he must discover this 
 time who lovely stranger is. He says servants will lose their heads if they 
 fail to follow her. All happens as before ; heroine wears third dress ; bride 
 is very jealous, for prince dances only with the stranger, and gives her a 
 costly ring. Servants are baffled as before. — (9) Heroine dons disguise over 
 ball-dress. Servants kneel to plead for pardon. Prince goes to tell Betty, 
 who says he is not to plague her with his lovely ladies. He is very despair- 
 ing. Next morning, when cook is making bread for the royal table, heroine 
 begs a little dough to make loaf for herself. To be rid of her, cook at last 
 gives it.— (10) Heroine puts gold pin in her loaf, which she persuades cook 
 to place in oven. Presently cook finds all the bread burnt, except the little 
 white loaf that Betty has made. He begs for this to set before the king, who 
 finding ring in it, sends for cook, and asks who made the beautiful bread. 
 Cook says he did. King does not believe it, but is silent. Next morning 
 the same thing happens, and Betty's loaf gets taken to king, who finds gold 
 watch inside. Cook again declares he made it. Third day heroine puts ring 
 in loaf, and king, who expected to find it, tells cook he will lose his place if 
 he does not tell truth.— (11) Cook confesses all, and Betty is sent for. 
 Prince shuts all the doors, then tells heroine what he has found in the bread ; 
 
 1 See note 19. 
 
GONZENBACH. — GRADI. 219 
 
 that he knows she is not what she makes believe, and begs her to say who 
 she really is. Heroine replies that she is Hairy Betty, and does not know 
 what he means. Prince says if she does not tell him she shall be beheaded. 
 Then she throws off the pigskin. He embraces her, and says she must 
 marry him. He calls his mother, who rejoices to see his spirits restored. — 
 (12) Grand wedding is arranged, and the other bride has to return home. 
 
 \Note. — In another version, instead of pigskin dress, heroine has a wooden 
 case with limbs. During her life in the forest, this gets grown all over 
 with moss, and at the king's court she passes for some talking wild beast.] 
 
 Temistocle Gradi, Saggio di letture varie per i Giovani. Torino, 281 
 1865. Pp. 141-57. Story No. IV. (From Siena.) 
 
 "L'ISABELLUCCIA." 
 
 (i) A poor man, left widower with an only child called Isabelluccia, en- 
 gages woman named Agheta to bring her up and teach her all she should 
 know. She does her work well, and is good to the child, but with ulterior 
 aims in view. She is a widow, and has a daughter named Mariotto, whom 
 certain uncles are keeping out of charity ; she designs to marry widower, and 
 to have her own daughter with her. She induces Isabelluccia to beg of father 
 to marry Agheta, and after a time he does so. Then she makes Isabelluccia 
 ask father to receive her daughter. For long he will not consent to this, but 
 at length yields when wife pretends to be sad and ill. — (2) Stepmother now 
 makes heroine do all the work of the house ; she submits uncomplainingly. 
 One day she gives her a basket of fish to clean and cook. A red-and-gold fish 
 slips out of her hand into the sink just as she is about to use the knife. In 
 despair she tries to get it out, fearing stepmother's anger. Fish peeps through 
 the hole, and tells her it is useless to grieve ; she had better take the pome- 
 granate which he throws her, and when in need go to the sea-shore and 
 say ; — 
 
 *' Rise, little fish, from the azure sea. 
 
 Rise, little fish, and succour me ; 
 
 Red-and-gold fish, to thee I cry, 
 
 Come to me, come to me, or I die." 
 
 Heroine is very ill-treated that same day, but soon forgets it, and goes on to 
 terrace to eat pomegranate. She is raising it to her lips, when it slips through 
 her hand, and falls into the garden which adjoins that of the king. — (3) Next 
 morning there is a pomegranate-tree where it fell, laden with yellow and red 
 fruit. King passing by, and seeing tree, asks by whom it was planted, and 
 when. None can tell him. He gives orders for some of the fruit to be picked, 
 but when anyone approaches the tree it grows visibly, and it is impossible to 
 pick even a leaf. Amazed, king calls his council, and, after much discussion, 
 old man affirms that tree is grown by enchantment, and its fruit can only be 
 picked by one destined to marry king. King commands all girls to appear 
 before him ; not one is able to touch a branch of tree, Mariotto comes, 
 
2 20 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 amongst others, and falls from ladder. King begins to suspect that all the 
 girls cannot have come, and sends round to search every house. — (4) In this 
 way they find heroine, whom jealous stepmother had hidden. Tree allows 
 her to pick all its fruit, and she is recognised by king and the whole assembly 
 as destined bride. Stepmother is constrained to prepare her outfit, but pro- 
 vides the same for Mariotto as well. On wedding day, the ring having been 
 given, king enters first carriage, and the three ladies follow in second ; for 
 stepmother has obtained permission to go and live with heroine, and secretly 
 brings Mariotto with her. — (5) They pass through wood ; stepmother and 
 Mariotto tear out heroine's eyes, and throw her under carriage. When they 
 alight at palace, king says Mariotto is not his bride, but is at length obliged 
 to accept her as such, for his court think he must be mistaken. — (6) After 
 wandering many days, heroine comes near to village, and exchanges her robes 
 and jewels for the clothes of a young girl who is minding sheep, and who 
 afterwards conducts her to sea-shore. Heroine repeats verse taught her by 
 fish, who now comes and bids her go to neighbouring city (where Mariotto, 
 who is pregnant, is living) and sell the apricots, of which fish gives her a 
 basketful. Stepmother will come out to buy some, and she must only let her 
 have them in exchange for one eye. Heroine obtains her eye in this way, 
 and fish replaces it in orbit. Then she goes and sells figs for the other eye, 
 and is now more lovely than ever. Fish bids her go to an old furniture-shop, 
 where she can get an old woman's skin, put it on, and then ask for lodging in 
 the palace out of charity. Once there her own heart will tell her how to act. 
 Heroine wishes to recompense fish. He gives her a sword to cut off his head ; 
 she faints at the thought. On recovering, sees handsome youth beside her, 
 who says : "I am the fish, but have now regained human form. They 
 wanted me to wed one when I had plighted troth to another, and because I 
 refused I was changed to a fish. The spell could only be removed through a 
 girl fainting because of me." He gives her a magic wand, and vanishes. — 
 (7) Heroine finds and dons the old woman-skin, then goes to palace, but can- 
 not get admittance. King hearing sounds of grief, comes on the scene, and 
 gives orders for old woman to be admitted and lodged in a small hole. She 
 ingratiates herself with the servants, all of whom like to pass their time in 
 her company. One day the king himself spends a long time talking to her, 
 till a groom comes to remind him it is time to go to fete. On taking leave, 
 he asks old woman if she will go with him. She makes some ludicrous ex- 
 clamation, and king goes off laughing. — (8) Left alone, heroine doffs disguise, 
 commands carriage, horses, and servants, a splendid dress, and goes to fete, 
 where she is the most admired of all. King falls in love with her, but seeks 
 in vain to accompany her home. Evening after, king visits old woman again, 
 and can talk of nothing but the lovely girl. ** Shame on you, your Majesty ! 
 Haven't you got a wife ?" ** Silence, old woman ! If you only knew ! My 
 wife was just like the girl I saw last night ; but by some means she got ex- 
 changed, although they say I am mistaken. . . . Ah, if you knew all you 
 would pity me !" For several nights he continues to talk about the lovely 
 stranger. — (9) One evening he is in good spirits, hoping he will see her 
 again, as he is going to a lete. He asks old woman if she will come too. 
 
GRADI. — GRIMM. 221 
 
 "Time will show," she says. Then she gets out of skin, and goes as before 
 to fete. As soon as king sees her, he orders servants not to take their eyes 
 off her, but to find out where she lives. He passes all the evening with her, 
 and finally gives her a handsome ring. She enters carriage, and is off. Ser- 
 vants cannot see where she goes, for thick mist rises behind her.— (lo) King 
 falls ill ; eats nothing for several days, then asks for some sop. Old woman is 
 on the alert, hearing this, and insists on making the sop herself, though all dis- 
 approve. When it is ready, she hides the ring under the bits of bread. King 
 feels something between his teeth ; spits it out for fear of being poisoned ; 
 finds it is the ring ; asks who made sop. — (ii) Old woman is fetched. King 
 wants to ask a thousand questions, but she stops him by letting fall the skin 
 and showing herself in all her beauty. She tells her story. King assembles 
 council, explains the facts, presents his new bride, and asks what punishment 
 shall be meted to stepmother and Mariotto. Heroine urges that they shall 
 receive none beyond being driven thence. — (12) But court advise retaliation. 
 That his scorn at the wickedness of the two women may be known to all, their 
 eyes are torn out by king himself. 
 
 G'^mu, Household Tales. Translated by Margaret Hunt. London, 37 
 1884. Vol. i, pp. 93-100. No. XXI. (From Hesse.) 
 
 " ASCHENPUTTEL."! 
 
 ( I ) Rich man's wife, before dying, bids her only daughter be good ; God 
 will protect her ; she will be always near her. Maiden goes daily and weeps 
 at mother's grave ; her father soon takes another wife. — (2) She brings with 
 her two daughters, fair-faced, but evil-natured, who persecute the step- 
 daughter, and dress her in an old gown and wooden shoes. She is made to 
 do the kitchen-work, while stepsisters tease her, emptying peas and lentils 
 into the ashes for her to pick out again. As she sleeps on hearth and looks 
 always grimy, she is called Cinderella. — (3) One day father asks step- 
 daughters what he shall bring them from fair. ** Beautiful dresses," says one. 
 *• Pearls and jewels," says the second. Cinderella, being asked, begs for the 
 first branch which knocks against his hat on way home. Father brings gifts, 
 and for Cinderella a branch of hazel. — (4) She plants it on mother's grave, 
 watering it with tears. It grows to a tree ; thrice a day she sits beneath it, 
 and a little white bird perches on branches and brings down whatever she 
 wishes. — (5) King appoints three days' festival, to which all beautiful girls are 
 invited, that his son may choose a bride. Stepsisters go and order Cinderella 
 to dress them. She begs stepmother to let her go too. — (6) They mock at 
 her dirty clothes ; stepmother empties dish of lentils into the ashes, saying she 
 shall go if she has picked them out in two hours. Cinderella goes to garden, 
 calls pigeons, turtle-doves, and all birds to help her put ** the good into the 
 pot, the bad into the crop". Two white pigeons, followed by turtledoves and 
 
 ^ See note 26, 
 
m CiNDlERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 other birds, come and collect all the good grain on a dish. — (7) They fly off 
 again ; Cinderella takes dish to stepmother, who forbids her going to ball 
 because she has not fine clothes, and cannot dance. Cinderella weeps ; step- 
 mother says if in one hour she can pick two dishes of lentils out of ashes she 
 shall go. Cinderella again calls birds, who perform the task for her. Step- 
 mother still forbids her going, and hastens to ball with her daughters. — 
 (8) Cinderella goes to her mother's grave, and cries : 
 
 ** Shiver and quiver little tree ; 
 Silver and gold throw down over me." 
 
 Bird throws a gold and silver dress down to her, and slippers embroidered 
 with silk and silver. These she dons, and goes to ball, — (9) Stepmother and 
 stepsisters think her beautiful foreign princess ; prince will dance with no one 
 else, and would escort her home. — (lo) To escape from him she springs into 
 pigeon-house. Prince tells her father that stranger maiden is in pigeon-house, 
 and he wonders whether it is Cinderella. Pigeon-house is hewn to pieces ; no 
 one is inside. — (11) For Cinderella has jumped down, run to hazel-tree, laid 
 her clothes on grave for bird to take away, and, when parents and stepsisters 
 return home, is sitting among the ashes in her old gown. — (12) Next day, when 
 they go to ball, she goes to hazel-tree, and asks, as before, for apparel. Bird 
 throws down more beautiful dress, and, when she appears at ball, prince wonders 
 at her beauty, dances with her, and again wants to escort her home. — (13) But 
 she slips from him into garden, and clambers up pear-tree. Her father is told 
 this, and, wondering whether it be Cinderella, he cuts tree down ; but no one is 
 on it. — (14) For, having jumped down and returned her dress to bird, Cin- 
 derella dons her old grey gown, and sits amongst the ashes. — (15) The 
 third day she gets a still more magnificent dress and golden slippers 
 from bird, and astonishes everybody at ball. — (16) Prince is so anxious 
 to follow her home that he has staircase smeared with pitch, and, when 
 she runs down it, her left slipper is dragged off. — (17) Prince picks it 
 up, and next day takes it to Cinderella's father, declaring he will wed none 
 whom it does not fit. — (18) Elder stepsister tries it on; cannot get her big 
 toe into it ; mother makes her cut off big toe, force her foot into shoe, and go 
 out to prince. — {19) He rides away with her; but, as they pass grave, two 
 pigeons, sitting on hazel-tree, cry : 
 
 ** Turn and peep, turn and peep, 
 There's blood within the shoe, 
 The shoe it is too small for her, 
 The true bride waits for you." 
 
 (20) Prince sees blood streaming from her foot, takes her back and tells other 
 sister to try on shoe. — (21) She finds her heel too large, cuts a bit off, and 
 forces shoe on. — (22) Prince rides off with her ; hears pigeons cry out same 
 verse ; sees her foot bleeds, and takes her back to father, asking if he has no 
 other daughter. — (23) ** Only the little stunted kitchen- wench." Stepmother 
 says she is much too dirty to show herself. Prince will see her ; having 
 washed hands and face, Cinderella appears, receives golden slipper from him, 
 
GRIMM. 223 
 
 and. slips it on her foot in place of wooden one. Prince recognises maiden 
 who danced with him, and cries, *' This is the true bride." — (24) Stepmother 
 and stepsisters are furious, but he rides away with Cinderella. As they pass 
 hazel-tree two white doves cry : 
 
 ** Turn and peep, turn and peep, 
 No blood is in the shoe ; 
 The shoe is not too small for her, 
 The true bride rides with you." 
 
 They fly down and perch on Cinderella's shoulders, and remain there. — 
 (25) When wedding is celebrated, stepsisters seek favour with Cinderella. 
 As the betrothed couple go to church, elder stepsister is on right side, younger 
 on left, and pigeons peck out one eye of each. Returning, stepsisters change 
 sides, and pigeons peck out other eye of each. Thus blindness is their 
 punishment henceforth. 
 
 Ibid., vol. i, pp. 277-82. Tale No. LXV. (From Hesse and 161 
 Paderborn.) 
 
 " Allerleirauh."! 
 
 ( I ) King's wife, whose beauty is unrivalled, exacts promise on her death- 
 bed that king will only marry a woman with golden hair and beauty equal 
 to hers. For long after her death king cannot be comforted. Councillors 
 urge him to marry again, and messengers are sent to seek for bride. None 
 is found sufficiently beautiful. — (2) King's daughter exactly resembles her 
 mother. Perceiving this, king resolves to wed her. — (3) To hinder him, 
 daughter demands first three dresses, like the sun, the moon, and the stars, 
 besides a mantle of a thousand different kinds of fur ; every kind of animal 
 must contribute towards it. She thinks to have asked an impossibility, but 
 maidens weave the dresses, and huntsmen procure one thousand kinds of fur 
 for mantle. — (4) King shows mantle, and fixes wedding for the morrow. 
 Daughter resolves to escape. Whilst all sleep, she takes from her treasures 
 gold ring, gold spinning-wheel, and gold reel. Puts three dresses into nut- 
 shell, dons fur mantle, and blackens face and hands. Walking all night, she 
 reaches forest, and rests in hollow tree.— (5) Sleeps till full day, when king 
 who owns forest comes by hunting. Hounds bark round tree, and king bids 
 huntsmen see what wild beast is hidden there. Huntsmen marvel at its 
 strange fur, and king bids them take it alive, and fasten it to carriage. At 
 huntsmen's touch, heroine awakes full of terror ; cries that she is poor child 
 deserted by parents, and begs for pity. — (6) She is taken to palace to be 
 kitchen'maid. A dark closet is given her to live in, and dirty work to do. 
 She is called Allerleirauh. — (7) One day, when feast is held in palace, cook 
 
 > 
 
 ^ See note 27. 
 
2 24 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 consents to her going for half-an-hour to look on. Allerleirauh takes lamp 
 into her den, puts off fur mantle, washes herself, and appears among guests in 
 golden dress. King dances with her, and is in love with her. She vanishes 
 at end of dance, and guards are questioned about her in vain. Allerleirauh 
 resumes disguise, and returns to kitchen. — (8) Cook goes to look on at ball, 
 and bids her meanwhile make soup for king. • Allerleirauh puts gold ring into 
 it. King enjoys soup ; is astonished to find ring, and summons cook, who 
 scolds Allerleirauh, thinking king is about to complain. King asks who made 
 soup, which was so much better than usual. Cook confesses truth, and 
 Allerleirauh is fetched. She tells king she is an orphan, and good for 
 nothing, and knows naught of ring.— (9) After awhile there is another 
 festival. Allerleirauh beg> leave to look on, and appears at ball in silver 
 dress. King rejoices to see her again, dances with her, but fails to mark her 
 disappearing. — (10) She returns to kitchen in fur dress and makes soup, 
 hiding little gold spinning-wheel in it. King praises soup, and sends for cook, 
 who again acknowledges who made it. Allerleirauh is fetched, says she is 
 only good for having boots thrown at her, and denies all knowledge ot 
 spinning-wheel. — (11) Third festival is held, all happening as before. King 
 dances with Allerleirauh, now wearing star-dress, and contrives, unnoticed, to 
 slip ring on her finger. At close of dance, prolonged at his order, he tries 
 to detain her, but she breaks away and vanishes. — (12) Having been absent 
 more than half-an-hour, Allerleirauh has only time to fling mantle over ball- 
 dress, and, in her haste, omits to blacken one finger. She makes soup and 
 puts in gold reel, on finding which king summons her, and espies the white 
 finger with his ring on it. — (13) He grasps her hand; in the struggle, fur 
 mantle opens and discloses star-dress. King tears off mantle, and sees 
 lovely golden hair, and, beneath the soot, a heavenly face. King marries 
 her. 
 
 236 Ibid.^ vol. ii, pp. 169-76. No. 130. (From Upper Lusatia. 
 Taken from Biisching's Wochentliche Nachrichten^ ii, 17-26.) 
 
 " One-eye, Two-eyes, and Three-eyes."^ 
 
 (i) Woman has three daughters, eldest called "One-eye", having only one 
 eye in middle of forehead ; second, " Two-eyes" j youngest, " Three-eyes", 
 whose third eye is in the middle of forehead. Two-eyes is hated by mother 
 and sisters for being like other people. They ill-treat her, give her old 
 clothes, and, for food, their leavings. Two-eyes goes to field to tend goat, 
 and cries from hunger till two streams run down from her eyes. — (2) Looks 
 up and sees wise woman, who, learning why she weeps, bids her dry her eyes 
 and say to goat : 
 
 '• Bleat, my little goat, bleat, 
 Cover the table with something to eat." 
 
 ^ See note 28. 
 
GRIMM. 225 
 
 Then a well-spread table will appear with delicious food, which she shall eat, 
 and then say : 
 
 •* Bleat, bleat, my little goat, I pray. 
 And take the table quite away." 
 
 Then the table will vanish. Wise woman departs, and heroine does as 
 bidden, and, after saying grace, enjoys feast. In the evening she takes goat 
 home, and finds small earthenware dish with food sisters have left her ; but 
 she does not touch it. Next day she goes with goat, leaving untouched the 
 scraps of bread offered her. — (3) First and second time she does this no notice 
 is taken, but presently sisters suspect she has other food-supply, and One-eye 
 goes to field to spy on her. Heroine sings : 
 
 *' One-eye, wakest thou? 
 One-eye, sleepest thou ?" 
 
 till One-eye falls asleep. Then heroine works the food-charm as before. She 
 afterwards wakes One-eye, taunts her with sleeping instead of minding goat, 
 and they return together. Heroine again leaves food untouched, and One- 
 eye confesses to mother that she fell asleep, and failed to discover anything. 
 Next day mother sends Three-eyes with heroine. They sit down, and heroine 
 sings : 
 
 *' Three-eyes, are you waking?" 
 
 and, instead of singing : 
 
 *• Three-eyes, are you sleeping?" 
 
 she adds by mistake : 
 
 " Two- eyes, are you sleeping?" 
 
 So only two eyes really sleep, the third pretends, and watches whilst heroine 
 uses her charm. — (4) They return home, and when mother hears Three-eyes' 
 story, she fetches butcher's knife and kills goat. Two-eyes goes to field, 
 weeping bitterly. Wise woman appears, and bids her ask for entrails of 
 slaughtered goat, and bury them in front of house. Heroine does so. Next 
 morning a tree, with leaves of silver and fruit of gold,^ stands before house- 
 door. — (5) Mother bids One-eye climb to gather fruit, but just as One-eye is 
 about to get hold of golden apple, the branch escapes from her hand, and she 
 tries in vain. Same thing happens to Three-eyes. Two-eyes wants to try ; 
 sisters object, but she climbs up, and golden apples come to her hand, and she 
 brings down an apronful. Mother takes them from her, and envious sisters 
 treat her more harshly than ever. — (5) Once, as they are all standing by tree, 
 a young knight comes up. Sisters hastily hide heroine under empty barre , 
 and push gathered golden apples under too. Knight stops to admire tree, asks 
 to whom it belongs, and promises to grant any wish to one who can bestow a 
 branch on him. One-eye and Three-eyes say tree is theirs, but fail to pluck 
 branch, which keeps moving away from their hands. Knight doubts tree 
 being theirs, and, whilst he is speaking, heroine rolls two golden apples from 
 
 ^ See note 29. 
 
226 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 under barrel to his feet. Knight wonders whence they come, and sisters at 
 length tell him of Two-eyes. Knight calls her forth, adniires her beauty, and 
 begs branch of tree, which she picks quite easily. Knight asks what he shall 
 grant her for it, and she begs to be taken away from such want and misery. — 
 (6) So he carries her to his castle, gives her beautiful clothes, and marries her. 
 Sisters are very envious, but expect, at least, to retain tree. But next morn- 
 ing tree has vanished ; and heroine finds it has followed her. She lives long 
 in happiness. — (7) One day two poor women come to castle begging ; heroine 
 recognises her sisters, welcomes them and cares for them, and they repent 
 their ill-treatment of her. 
 
 218 Ibid.^ vol. ii, pp. 282-91. No. 179. (From a story by Andreas 
 
 Schumacher, in Vienna.) 
 
 '•The Goc^se-girl at the Well." 
 
 (l) King asks daughters how much they love him. Eldest says, " As much 
 as sweetest sugar"; second, "As my prettiest dress." Youngest daughter 
 says, ** I love my father like salt." King is furious, and says, ** Your love 
 shall be repaid with salt." Dividing kingdom between two elder daughters, 
 he binds sack of salt on back of youngest, and bids two servants lead her into 
 forest. Her tears strew the road with pearls. ^ King afterwards repents, but 
 searches for her in vain. — (2) Heroine is found by old woman, who takes her 
 as gooseherd and gives her old woman's skin as "disguise. — (3) One day a 
 nobleman wandering in forest sees old woman cutting grass for geese, and 
 wonders how she can carry such a load as well as two baskets of apples and 
 pears. Takes compassion on her, and offers to carry bundle of grass, but she 
 loads him with baskets as well, and he is overburdened. Her taunts make 
 him persevere, but he is quite exhausted after toiling up hill, while she seems 
 to grow more nimble, and finally springs on top of bundle, and goads him on 
 with stinging-nettles. He nearly drops on reaching old woman's house. 
 Geese run to meet her, and behind them follows a hideous old wench who 
 addr.esses old woman as mother, and hears how gentleman has borne her 
 burden. Old woman bids him rest. — (4) He sleeps under apple-tree till she 
 awakens him, says he cannot stay longer, and givts him little book cut out of 
 single emerald which will bring him good fortune. He thanks her, and sets 
 off, wandering .three days before he can get out of wilderness. He then 
 reaches a royal palace, and lays emerald-book at feet of queen. She opens it, 
 and falls as though dead. He is seized by king's servants to be led to prison, 
 but queen revives and orders his release, then discloses to him privately that 
 book contains pearls just like those that used to fall from her youngest 
 daughter's eyes. Nobleman tells how he came by pearl, and king and queen 
 resolve to seek out old woman and hear news of daughter. — (5) Heroine goes 
 J to well by moonlight to wash herself Takes off skin, dips it in water, and 
 
 ■^ See note 30. 
 
GRIMM. — GRONBORG. 2f^7 
 
 lays it on grass to dry. Meanwhile she sits weeping, and her golden hair falls 
 round her like mantle. She hears rustling of boughs in a neighbouring tree, 
 and instantly slips into skin and vanishes. Trembling with alarm, she reaches 
 threshold, where old woman meets her, and says she knows what has happened, 
 that the time is up and they can no longer remain together. Heroine is dis- 
 mayed, fearing to be cast off. Old woman sets to work to sweep house, and 
 bids heroine go to her room, take off skin, and put on silk gown in which old 
 woman found her, then wait till she is called. Meanwhile nobleman has 
 wandered away from king and queen, and is resting for the night in a tree, 
 when he sees heroine take off skin and bathe. When she is startled by noise of 
 branches and flies off, he rushes in pursuit, but misses her and falls in with 
 king and queen. — (6) They reach house together, and find old woman spinning. 
 She bids them enter, and, after reproving parents for unjust expulsion of 
 daughter, calls heroine, who appears clad like princess. King bemoans having 
 given away kingdom and having nothing for youngest daughter. Old woman 
 says the tears she has wept for her parents are precious pearls. These and the 
 little house are heroine's reward for her services as goose-girl. Saying which, 
 old woman vanishes, and the house is suddenly transformed into palace. 
 
 O. L. Gronborg, Optegnelser pa Vendelbomal. Kobenhavn, 1884. 38 
 P. 96. No. VI. (Oral ; written down in the dialect of North 
 Jutland.) 
 
 " Stifdatteren" (The Stepdaughter). 
 
 (i) Heroine's father marries a widow with two wicked daughters. Heroine 
 is cruelly treated, dressed in stepsisters' cast-off clothes, and made to live in 
 the kitchen amongst the dirt and ashes. — (2) She goes every Sunday evening 
 to mother's grave, and weeps, saying there is none to whom she can confide 
 her sorrow. Mother is moved in her grave^ ; arises and comforts her, 
 promises a happy future, and bids her ask leave to go to church next Sunday. 
 If this be denied her, she must go to little service-tree^ {Sorbus aucupdrid) in 
 garden, knock at it thrice, and say, ** Open my store; I am going to church." 
 (3) Next Sunday, permission to go to church being denied her, heroine does 
 as bidden by mother. The tree opens, and out drives a golden chariot- 
 and-four, with men-servants ; and there is a silk dress for her, and 
 gold shoes. She steps into the chariot. They throw a bagful of mist 
 before them and a bagful of mist behind them, that none may see 
 whence they come or whither they go, and they hie to church. 
 Heroine goes to stepmother's pew. To make room for her, stepsisters 
 are squeezed up against the wall till they gape. Service over, heroine 
 
 ^ Crying dead persons to life was once a common superstition in Jutland. 
 Traces of it are found in ballads and sagas. 
 
 ^ Few trees are found in the severe climate of North Jutland. Hence this 
 is probably a service-tree ; though the word also denotes a witch-tree. 
 
 Q2 
 
228 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 hastens to carriage ; a bagful of mist is thrown before and behind, and she 
 vanishes. Stepmother returns, boasting of her luck that the strange princess, 
 discerning what kind of people she was amongst, should have sat down 
 beside her and her daughters. Stepmother tries in vain to learn anything of 
 unknown beauty. — (4) Next Sunday church is crowded. King's son is there 
 too, wanting to see beautiful princess, of whom everybody has been talking. 
 Everything happens as on first Sunday. Prince rushes out, but all he sees 
 is something like the long beam of a shooting-star through dense mist. — (5) 
 He is "elfshot"^ (bewitched) by the lovely girl, who next Sunday appears 
 again like a shooting-star, and hurries away as before after service. King's 
 son pursues her, and puts his foot on one of her gold shoes, which she is 
 obliged to leave behind as she vanishes, like a shooting-star, into mist. — 
 
 (6) He proclaims that he will wed whomsoever the shoe fits. All the girls 
 try it on, some cutting heel and some toe. But on the churchyard-gate sits a 
 crow, cawing : 
 
 *' Cut heel and cut toe ! 
 In the ashes sits the girl who has worn the golden shoe !" 
 
 (7) At last heroine, in her chariot, arrives through the mist like a shooting- 
 star, and puts her foot into the golden shoe, which fits it exactly. King's 
 son steps into her chariot, and they drive to the palace. The wedding festi- 
 vities last for fifteen days. Stepsisters are yellow and grey with vexation ; 
 and, since they cry their eyes red, nobody cares to court them. 
 
 283 S. Grundtvig, Gamle danske Minder i Folkemimde. Copen- 
 hagen, 1857. II, p. 24. (Narrated by a farmer's wife in 
 Thy, a district of Jutland.) 
 
 " GuLDTii?.RNiNG" (Gold-dicc). 
 
 (i) King has three daughters; the youngest named Guldtserning. War 
 breaks out, and he conceals them in a mound, giving them victuals for seven 
 years. The king is slain, the princesses are forgotten. After they have 
 eaten the dog and cat the two elder die of hunger, and heroine tries to dig a 
 way out. At last she makes a hole large enough to look through, catches a 
 mouse, which she skins and eats, and finally succeeds in getting out. — (2) A 
 new king dwells in her father's castle, where she gets employed, first as goose- 
 herd, then as cook. — (3)- King is to marry a princess whom he has never seen, 
 and who is very ugly. She gives birth to a son on the wedding-day, and 
 sends heroine to church in her stead, strictly enjoining her to say no word 
 
 ^ "Elfshot" is used of a very sudden love. Many sagas tell of elves 
 enticing young men into their fairy revels. 
 
GRUNDTVIG. 229 
 
 going or coming. The horse knows her instantly and bows to her. She 
 murmurs : 
 
 " Bow not to me, 
 
 Dear Black, my steed. 
 The last maid that rode thee 
 Was I indeed." 
 
 To prince's question she replies that she said nothing. They pass a bridge. 
 She says : 
 
 " This bridge was built firm by my father, they say, 
 Not to tremble on Guldtasrning's wedding-day." 
 
 Again prince asks what she said. A raven flies past them. She says : 
 " The raven black o'erhead is flying ; 
 
 The bride in the oven-hole^ is lying, 
 
 She bears a son, there's no denying !" 
 
 Same question and same reply. Heroine descries the mouse-skin fastened to 
 
 a stick, and whispers : 
 
 ** Ah ! the grey mouse'still is there, 
 These little fingers skinned it bare ; 
 If only less cruel had been my need, 
 I would rather have died than have done this deed." 
 
 Same question, same answer. At church prince gives' her one of his gloves, 
 aying it must be returied by the hand that received it. Then they are 
 married, and heroine returns and exchanges dresses again with betrothed 
 princess. — (4) Feeling ill, the latter wishes to go to bed. Prince, suspicious 
 of something wrong, will not allow h^r to do so till she has repeated what 
 was said to the horse. She does not remember, but will ask Guldtserning ; 
 goes and gives her a box on the ear. Guldtseming tells her, and the same 
 thing happens with respect to the bridge, the raven, and the hill. — (5) Finally 
 the prince demands the glove. Heroine will not give this up, but stretches 
 out her hand from beneath the princess's cloak. Prince holds her fast, 
 exclaiming, "Here is my true bride!" — (6) Princess is sentenced to death 
 for the deception ; and prince and heroine live happily together. 
 
 Idi'd., ii, 157. (From Vensyssel, a district in Jutland. Narrated 284 
 by a field labourer.) 
 
 " Prinsessen pa Oen" (The Princess on the Island). 
 
 (i) King of England has a son, who, seeing picture of Danish princes'?, falls 
 in love with her. Father approves his choice, saying, " When Denmark and 
 England agree, no power on earth can master them." King of Denmark will 
 
 ^ Just in front of the oven-mouth there is a square hole, like a tomb, into 
 which fire and embers are raked from the oven when heated ready for baking. 
 This is called the oven-hole, or oven-grave. — Feilberg, 
 
230 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 not give up his daughter, and war between the kings ensues. — (2) Prince 
 enters Danish capital ; the king sends his daughter to a dist-ant island, with 
 seven maids, a little dog, and victuals for seven years. Here she is strictly 
 immured in a castle. Danish king falls in battle ; the capital is taken by 
 English prince, who walks through all the rooms in the castle. — (3) In one he 
 finds an ebony loom bearing an unfinished web, into which are woven birds, 
 fishes, and all kinds of beasts. Having vainly sought everywhere for the 
 Danish princess, he proclaims that whosoever can finish the web shall be his 
 bride. A certain duke has a very clever daughter who tries, but in vain, to 
 finish the web ; it is too cunningly wrought. — (4) In the meantime heroine 
 and her maids, having consumed the victuals, try to break their way out of 
 castle. One of the maids proposes that the rest should kill and eat her, as she 
 cares not to live ; and so in turn do all the seven. Only heroine is left, and 
 when she has eaten the dog she catches mice for food, and hangs their skins 
 on strings. At length she gets out, signals to a distant ship by waving a 
 blanket, is taken on board and brought to father's country. — (5) Here she 
 doffs her rank dresses and, clad in rags, seeks employment as scullery-maid at 
 the castle. She sometimes has to carry water for washing into the room 
 where the loom is. Duke's daughter tells her she never knew such a difficult 
 piece of work. Heroine says she believes she could finish it, and is allowed 
 to try. She begins by remaking the whole, and, after a few days, duke's 
 daughter sends word to prince that the web is finished. Though doubting 
 her truthfulness, he is obliged to marry her. — (6) Heroine's horse Blanke has 
 grown wild and unmanageable during the seven years. The bride is to ride 
 it to church. Duke's daughter is afraid, and offers heroine 100 dollars to 
 wear bridal dress and go to church in her stead. So it happens. Crossing 
 the bridge, heroine says : 
 
 " Bridge, do not crack or break with me, 
 The king, my father, builded thee." 
 
 And to the dog : 
 
 ** Nay, you should not bark at me, 
 The king, my father, petted thee." 
 
 Mounting the walls, she says : 
 
 ** Swimming 'neath these walls of green 
 Lovely fishes may be seen. 
 
 As naught could be had for my red gold, my dower, 
 The seven maids and the dog I was forced to devour." 
 
 Prince asks what she said. "Nothing at all." She sees in the distance 1 he 
 i sland where she had been immured, and says : 
 
 * ' See hanging there the mouse-skins grey 
 V/hich these small hands of mine did flay ; 
 If hunger did not drive me to it. 
 Far rather would I die than do it." 
 
GRUNDTVIG. 23I 
 
 Same question from prince ; same reply. They go up to the horse. It is 
 restive, and kicks. Heroine says : 
 
 " Bow to me, Blanke, my steed, 
 The last maid that rode thee 
 Was I indeed." 
 
 Instantly the horse kneels down. The prince discovers who the lady is who 
 rides beside him. At the church he pulls off his gold gloves and gives them 
 to heroine, who must swear to return them to him and to none other. Then 
 they are married and return home. — (7) Heroine and duke's daughter exchange 
 dresses again. Bride has to ask chambermaid for the words she must repeat 
 to prince, who at last demands the gloves. Heroine will not give them up, 
 but consents to go into bedchamber, where the light is put out. — (8) She 
 puts out her hand and prince holds her fast, and dismisses duke's daughter 
 and sends her home. Prince marries heroine.^ 
 
 Ibid, Story No. VII. Pp. 30-35. 162 
 
 " Den LILLE Rode Ko" (The little Red Cow). 
 
 (i) A certain king lost his wife. His daughter put on her mother's dress, 
 and appeared before the king, who was so struck by her likeness to his dead 
 wife, that he fell in love with her, and wanted to marry her. — (2) The girl was 
 so horrified at the proposal, that she ran away from home, and met a little red 
 cow. The cow asked her why she was weeping so bitterly, and the girl told 
 everything. The cow carried her to another kingdom, hid herself in a sand- " 
 pit, telling the princess to go to the royal palace hard by, and hire herself as 
 kitchen-maid.— (3) The princess did so. She had to attend upon the king, 
 who sent her away on account of her ugly appearance. — (4) One Sunday they 
 all went to church. The princess was told to stop at home and cook the 
 dinner. Instead of doing this, she ran to the sand-pit, and, assisted by the 
 cow, got a beautiful dress, put it on, and went to church. The king and the 
 whole congregation were surprised at her beauty. Before the service was over, 
 she ran back to the sand-pit, put on her usual dress, and returned to the castle. 
 The dinner was found ready. — (5) The following Sunday she did the same 
 thing. — (6) The third Sunday the princess lost one of her gold shoes. The 
 king, wishing to find her, ordered all the young girls to try the shoe on, but 
 it would not fit any of them. At last they sent for the scullery-maid, and the 
 shoe fitted her to perfection. — (7) The king married her. The little red cow 
 was an enchanted princess. 
 
 1 See note 31, 
 
232 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 163 Prof. S. Grundtvig's Unpublished Collection. (From Vensyssel, 
 Jutland. Written down by Mr. N. Christensen, student.) 
 
 "PussEL I Skindkjolen" (Pussel in the Skin-dress). 
 
 (i) Queen dies. King wants to marry his own daughter, who demands 
 first three dresses : one like the flowers of the field ; one like gold and 
 diamonds; and one like the sun, moon, and stars. — (2) During king's 
 absence, she sews up a skin dress for herself, and when he returns and gives 
 her the three dresses, she makes her escape. — (3) She takes a situation as 
 kitchen-maid in the castle ; goes thi-ice to church in her magnificent dresses. 
 — (4) The last time king's son obtains her golden shoe, and afterwards takes 
 for his bride the girl who was called ** Pussel in the Skin-dress". 
 
 164 Ibid. (Told by the Baroness Jeanina Stampe, Praesto, Zealand.) 
 
 " Den LILLE Sko" (The little Shoe). 
 
 (i) King wants to marry his own daughter. — (2) She weeps thereat, and 
 is counselled by an old woman to ask her father for a silver dress, a gold dress, 
 and a pair of matchless shoes. With these she runs away clad as a poor girl, 
 and takes situation at the castle to help the cook. — (3) She is left to attend 
 to the dinner whilst cook goes to church j but goes to church herself in 
 her silver dress. King inquires who she is. She only says, "Light before me, 
 darkness behind me ! None shall see whither I go !" and vanishes. — (4) The 
 same thing happens the following Sunday when she wears her gold dress. — 
 (5) The third Sunday she wears her matchless shoes and loses one, by means 
 of which king discovers her. — (6) He marries her. Her father is invited to 
 the wedding. 
 
 39 Ibid. (Written down by Miss Anna Braase; from East Jutland.) 
 " LuDSE Lurveh^tte" (Lucy Ragged-hood). 
 
 (i) Man has three daughters, and ill-treats the youngest. She has to stay 
 at home and milk the cows, whilst the others go to church. — (2) Cat comes 
 and asks for some milk, which heroine gives. Mother misses milk, and beats 
 her. Next' Sunday cat again gets milk, and heroine a thrashing. Third 
 Sunday heroine is afraid to give any milk, but cat persuades her she will be 
 happier if she does. Cat drinks ; grows larger and larger, and pushes off 
 her skin ; bids heroine don skin, go to king's palace, and ask for situation, 
 calling herself Ludse. — (3) Heroine does so, and is hired as kitchenmaid. — 
 (4) Everyone in palace goes to church. Cat gives Ludse a magnificent dress, 
 
PROF. GRUNDTVIG'S MS. COLLECTION. 233 
 
 a golden carriage, and two horses, and bids her go too. All marvel at her 
 beauty : 
 
 ** Light before ! 
 Dark behind !" 
 
 she says, and vanishes after the service. — (5) Next Sunday she drives to 
 church in carriage of pure gold. King follows her out, and gets one of her 
 golden shoes. — (6) He will wed whomsoever it fits. Some cut their heel and 
 some their toe, but nobody can get the shoe on. — (7) A bird sings to the 
 king: 
 
 " Cut a heel, and cut a toe ! 
 The shoe fits the girl in the kitchen, I know." 
 
 All the kitchen servants are called, and, at last, Ludse, who puts on the shoe, 
 and is made queen. — (8) The cat's head is chopped off, and buried beneath a 
 pear-tree. Thereupon the cat becomes a prince, the brother of the king. 
 
 Ibid. (Written down by the Baroness Nanna Reetz ; from East 40 
 
 Jutland.) 
 
 " Den hvide Hund, el Put-i-Gryde" (The White Dog, or 
 Put-into-pot). 
 
 (i) Widower, with one daughter, marries widow with one daughter. Step- 
 mother ill-treats heroine, making her do dirty, menial work. — (2) Heroine is 
 forbidden to go to church, and sits weeping, when little dog appears, gives 
 her fine clothes, and offers to do her work if she will promise to give him the 
 first two boys she shall bear. — (3) Heroine agrees, and, donning fine clothes, 
 goes to church. On the way home, a youn^^ man follows her, and snatches 
 away her neckerchief. — (4) She gets a new one from the dog, and, on the 
 following Sunday, when all happens as before, she loses a gold apple which 
 she was carrying in her hand. — (5) On the third Sunday she loses her golden 
 shoe. — (6) Some days afterwards the young man rides to the farm, inquiring 
 or the girl who had been to church and had lost her shoe. — (7) Stepsister 
 cuts her heel and her toe to put on shoe, but fails to produce its fellow. — (8) 
 Heroine can wear shoe ; also shows the other one, and the neckerchief and 
 apple. Young man marries her.— (9) She bears two boys, and weeps at 
 thought of losing them. A beggar appears, and says he has seen three small 
 boys coming out of a barrow (or mound), and heard one say to his comrades, 
 "To-morrow we shall be five, for father will get the two new-born babes 
 that were promised him, unless their mother should say to him, * Shame on 
 you, you red Pat-into-pot.' " — (10) When the dog comes for the boys, heroine 
 pronounces these words, and he instantly flies into flints and potsherds.^ The 
 beggar lives with them in happiness. 
 
 1 The Rev. H. F. Feilberg (hereinafter referred to as F.) explains that the 
 expression *' to fly into flints and potsherds" is to be understood literally. In 
 
2 34 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 41 Ibid. (Written down by Miss Anna Braase; from East Jutland.) 
 " Den LILLE Handske" (The little Glove). 
 
 (i) There are two sisters. The ugly, wicked one lives happily, while the 
 good and beautiful sister is ill-treated. She weeps because she may not go 
 to church. — (2) A man of small stature appears, gives her fine clothes, and 
 sends her to church. Leaving before anyone else, she says : 
 
 *« Light before ! 
 Dark behind !" 
 
 and is at home in her old, dirty gown. Sister wonders who the fair lady can 
 be. — (3) Next Sunday all happens as before.— (4) On the third Sunday 
 heroine drives to church, but, on the way home, loses her glove. — (5) The 
 squire's son finds it, and proclaims that he will marry the girl it fits. Neither 
 the wicked sister, nor anyone else, can wear it. — (6) At last heroine makes 
 trial ; she draws on the glove, and is at once robed in splendour. The squire's 
 son recognises her, and marries her. 
 
 42 Ibid. (Told and written down by Mr. Palle Floe, Surveyor, West 
 
 Jutland.) 
 
 "Askepot" (Pot-of- Ashes). 
 
 (i) Widow and daughter go to church. Askepot, the stepdaughter, must 
 sit at home on the hearth. — (2) Dog offers to wash and sweep for her, and 
 bids her go to limetree, and get a dress, carriage, and horses, and go to 
 church. King's son sees Askepot, whose beauty makes him forget parson, 
 sermon, and all. — (3) Stepmother and stepsister return and tell Askepot of 
 the lovely girl. Askepot says she saw her pass by from the earth- walP round 
 the garden. To thwart her, stepmother has wall removed. — (4) Next Sun- 
 day, all happens as before. King's son tries in vain to catch Askepot. — (5) 
 Stepmother has the peat-heap scattered, because heroine says she was watch- 
 
 Danish sagas it is by no means uncommon for trolls and giants to burst with 
 rage into flints ; and it is frequently added : "That is why you so often cut 
 your naked feet on sharp flints." (Mr. Feilberg cites a long list of such 
 instances in his Jutlandic Dictionary.) The expression is used in ordinary 
 conversation to signify a high degree of anger : it is probably borrowed from 
 the sagas. 
 
 ^ The gardens in Denmark are surrounded by an earth- wall of several feet 
 in heighl, from the top of which girls commonly watch the passers-by. — F. 
 
PROF. GRUNDTVIG S MS. COLLECTION. 235 
 
 ing thence. — (6) On the third Sunday the king's son has the church en- 
 trance smeared with tar, and heroine loses a gold shoe. — (7) Stepmother has 
 the bakehouse^ pulled down, because heroine pretends to have seen the fair 
 unknown thence. — (8) King's son will marry whomsoever the gold shoe fits. 
 Mothers arrive in hundreds with their daughters, who in vain cut heel and 
 toe. Askepot comes too, but cannot get entrance because of the crowd at 
 the front door ; so she goes in at the kitchen door, and rests by the hearth. — 
 
 (9) Owner of the house understands language of birds,^ and hears them 
 singing : 
 
 *' Some cut their heel, and some their toe. 
 But she sits by the hearth who can wear the shoe." 
 
 (10) He tells king's son, who goes to kitchen, puts shoe on heroine's foot, 
 and marries her. 
 
 Ibid. (From West Jutland.) ' 43 
 
 " Guldskoen" (The Golden Shoe). 
 
 (i) Heroine is ill-treated by stepmother and two stepsisters. She must sit 
 in kitchen, and is called ** Askepisker" (Whipper of the Ashes).— {2) The 
 family are invited to wedding-party ; heroine may not go till she has gathered 
 a cup of pease from a pot of boiling water ; then do the same in ten minutes ; 
 thirdly, in five minutes. She performs task (without supernatural help), and 
 yet may not go. — (3) The others start, and heroine goes to mother's grave. 
 Mother gives her gold dress and shoes, and she goes to wedding. — (4) She 
 returns first, but loses a golden shoe. — (5) Prince will wed whomsoever it 
 fits. Elder stepsister cuts off her toe, but prince, seeing the blood trickling 
 from shoe, returns her. Second stepsister cuts her heel. The shoe will only 
 fit the girl left whipping the ashes. — (6) Prince marries her. 
 
 {Note. — The story is ill-remembered.] 
 
 Ibid. (Written down by Miss Carlsen, Zealand.) 44 
 
 "Mette TR^HiETTE" (Mette Wooden-hood). 
 
 (i) Heroine's father is a widower. Her widowed schoolmistress persuades 
 Mette to ask her father to marry schoolmistress, who has two daughters, one 
 of whom has three eyes, one in her neck. Father marries widow. — (2) 
 Heroine is ill treated by stepmother, and goes to mother's grave. She 
 knocks at it, and mother speaks, bidding her come to grave whenever in 
 trouble. Should a stepsister accompany her, she need only say, '* Sleep one- 
 eye, sleep two-eyes, sleep the whole body !" — (3) Two-eyed stepsister is put 
 
 ^ Oven and kneading-trough are in a small separate building, which may 
 be easily climbed. — F. ^ See note 32. 
 
236 CINDERELLA VARLA.NTS. 
 
 to sleep in this way, whilst mother speaks to heroine. Two white doves 
 from the altar rest on her shoulders and give her food. — (4) Next time three- 
 eyed stepsister comes ; only two eyes sleep ; the third sees everything, and 
 stepsister reports to mother. Heroine is shut up, but escapes to grave, — 
 (5) Mother gives her a wooden dress and a small box, and bids her get on red 
 calf outside churchyard. Calf carries her through a silver, a golden, and 
 a diamond forest. From each she takes a leaf, which is transformed to 
 a dress. They are each time attacked by wild men and animals, but get 
 safely to gold castle. — (6) Heroine takes service at castle. She receives from 
 little black dog in the box three dresses, horses and carriages, and goes 
 three Sundays to church. She tells king, who has previously thrown water, 
 boots, and towel at her, that she comes from Water-, Boots-, Towel-land. 
 Third Sunday church- walk is smeared with tar,, and heroine loses a diamond 
 shoe. — (7) It is sent all over the world, but fits nobody till it is tried on Mette 
 Traehaette. She is made queen. 
 
 45 Jbid. (By the Baroness Jeanina Stampe, Praesto, Zealand.) 
 
 ' " Den LILLE Rode Kalv" (The little Red Calf). 
 
 (l) Heroine tends cattle, but: gets only mouldy bread and dirty water to 
 eat and drink. Little red calf shows her green leaf behind its ear, hold- 
 ing which she may wish for any food she likes and will get it. — (2) Step- 
 mother discovers this, and shuts up heroine, who succeeds in making her 
 escape, and rides on red calf through [copper], silver and gold forests.— (3) 
 In the first two forests calf overcomes another calf taller than itself, because 
 heroine is silent. But in third forest calf is killed, because she speaks to it. 
 Knowing what will happen, calf has given her the green leaf, and has bidden 
 her lay it on a stone outside palace. She now does so, and gets situation as 
 kitchen-maid. — (4) Cook goes to church, leaving heroine at home. King 
 orders water to wash in ; dirty as she is, heroine hastens to carry him the 
 tub, and he throws it downstairs all over her. King goes to church, and 
 heroine to the stone, and wishes for a beautiful dress and a coach and four. 
 She drives to church, and king inquires who she is. Heroine answers, 
 " A princess from the Land of Throw- Water."— (5) The same happens on 
 a second and on a third Sunday ; only that the king throws first day a towel, 
 second day a comb at her, so that she says she comes "from the Land of 
 Throw- Towel", and "from the Land of Throw-Comb".— (6) King,, orders 
 servant to steal one of her shoes, and then wants to marry whatever girl it 
 will fit. But the shoe fits nobody except the kitchen-maid, who thereupon 
 becomes queen. 
 
PROF. GRUNDTVIG'S MS. COLLECTION. 237 
 
 Ibid. (From Zealand.) 46 
 
 " Hasselbroder" (Hazel-Brother). 
 
 (i) A parson's daughter works as kitchen-maid for stepmother and step- 
 sister. — (2) The serving- man going to fair in neighbouring town, offers to buy 
 heroine whatever she likes. She only asks for the first thing that touches his 
 hat. On his way through the wood to town, and also on his return, the twig 
 of a hazel-tree knocks his hat. He cuts the twig for heroine, who calls it her 
 Hazel- brother, and afterwards loses it in the well. — (3) Stepmother and step- 
 sister go to church to have a look at the prince, while heroine must stay at 
 home to work. She goes to well and bemoans her ill-luck. Three lap-dogs 
 come out of the well, do her work for her, bring her clothes and a carriage 
 and send her to church. 
 
 *' Darkness behind, 
 Light before !" 
 
 she says. — {4) Afterwards she tells stepmother and stepsister that she has seen 
 the beautiful strange lady from the barn. The barn is pulled down. — (5) Next 
 Sunday four dogs appear and give her a silver dress, silver shoes, a carriage, 
 and four grey horses. Afterwards she says she has seen the beauty from the 
 church wall, which is thereupon pulled down. — (6) Third Sunday there are five 
 dogs, who give her a gold dress, a carriage, and four white horses. Prince 
 gets one of heroine's shoes and a flap of her cloak. Stepsister cuts heel and toe 
 so as to wear the shoe. Crow, sitting on the house, caws, 
 
 " Cut off your toe a bit and cut your heel away ! 
 But the shoe will only fit the maid in the ashes grey." 
 
 (7) Heroine fetches her fine dresses from her Hazel-brother, and marries the 
 prince. 
 
 Ibid. (Told and written down by Mr. Nis Callesen, a farmer 47 
 in N. Sleswick.) 
 
 " Mette Skindkjole" (Mette Skin-gown). 
 
 (i) Heroine's mother dies, and her father marries a widow by whom he has 
 two daughters. Heroine is called Mette Skin-gown, and stepmother makes 
 her always sit blowing into the ash-hole. — (2) Heroine goes weeping to 
 mother's grave, and mother gives her a white stick with which to touch a 
 certain tree in the garden, and obtain anything she wants. — (3) When Sunday 
 comes, and she is left at home alone, heroine wishes for a carriage and coach- 
 man, and drives to church. 
 
 "Light before! 
 Dark behind !" 
 
 she says, and is back home again before the others, and sitting in the ashes 
 
238 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 when they return. This happens three Sundays, when she is clad in silk, in 
 silver, in gold. King falls in love with the beautiful princess, and on the third 
 Sunday catches her golden shoe. — (4) Whoever can wear the shoe shall be his 
 queen. Stepsisters cut their heel and toe ; but a little bird tells king of their 
 treachery, and they are sent back. — (5) Heroine puts on the shoe, and the 
 bird sings out that she is the right girl ; so she is made queen. 
 
 48 Ibid. (From Zealand.) 
 
 " Hanen og Honen, der gik til Things" (The Cock and Hen 
 who went to the Judge). 
 
 (l) The hen had summoned the cock before the judge. The lady from the 
 hall wishes to be present to see the conclusion of the matter, and, being 
 unable to cross the bridge, promises to give what she carries beneath her 
 girdle. She therefore throws her bunch of keys into the water, but on return- 
 ing home, finds them on the table. — (2) She bears a son, and the witch who 
 had been under the bridge comes to claim him, but will defer taking him till 
 he is strong enough to work with a pitch-fork. Then she fetches him to 
 cleanse her stable ; after that he' has to strip feathers, and, lastly, to sort grain 
 in the lofc. He is helped over tasks by witch's daughter. He is to be 
 fattened ; puts out a peg, a carrot, a cow's teat, instead of little finger. — (3) 
 The lovers fly together ; the witch, calling after them, is answered by billets 
 in the oven. Witch's daughter creates a sea^ j witch cannot drink it dry, and 
 must return to fetch a bucket. Next obstacle is a wood. Then dawn appears, 
 and the lovers enter a churchyard, where witch cannot get at them. — (4) Boy 
 goes to his parents' home, and, at parting, witch's daughter puts a grain of 
 oblivion into his mouth. — (5) Boy goes to church, where he sees a lady lose 
 her silk shoe. He wants to marry the person to whom shoe belongs. — (6) An 
 unknown girl gets a situation as servant in his parents' house. — (7) Everybody 
 must try the shoe, and at last it is servant's turn. All at once she stands 
 there in her silk dress just as she was in church. Boy recognises her and 
 marries her. 
 
 [*^t* A very confused and badly-remembered tale. — Grundtvig.'\ 
 
 265 Ibid. (Written down by Miss Hanne Fenger, W. Jutland.) 
 
 " Pigen MED Kragen^/ebskjolen" (The Girl with the Crow's-bill 
 
 Gown). 
 
 (l) King and queen die. Princess is to marry neighbouring king's son 
 whom bhe does not like. — (2) She goes weeping to parents' grave, and a 
 voice bids her make a gown of crows' bills, and travel to a foreign land. She 
 
 ■^ See note 33. 
 
PROF. GRUNDTVIGS MS. COLLECTION. 239 
 
 will find a stick on the ground ; it is a wishing-rod, which she is to take with 
 her. — (3) Heroine sets out, and gets a situation in a large palace. Prince 
 rings the bell, and, as none of the servants are there to answer it, heroine goes. 
 Annoyed at her ludicrous appearance, prince throws a comb at her, and it 
 sticks to the crow's-bill gown. — (4) Prince goes to banquet at another castle. 
 By means of wishing-rod heroine gets a magnificent dress and a carriage-and- 
 four, and goes too. Prince dances all night with her, and asks whence she 
 comes. "From Throw-comb-at-back Land," she says. Whilst prince is 
 asking a man of letters where that land may be, heroine gets away. — (5) All 
 happens in the same manner a second time. Prince throws a water-tub at her, 
 and she tells him at the banquet that she comes from *' Throw- water-tub-at- 
 back Land". — (6) The third time a brush is thrown at her, and she drives to 
 banquet in a coach drawn by eight white horses. [No mention of country 
 this time.] Prince accompanies her downstairs to see which way she goes ; 
 but she steps into her carriage, says, " Light before me, darkness behind me," 
 and vanishes. — (7) Prince falls sick with sorrowing, and servants must watch 
 him in turn. Pie wakes up and sees the girl in the crow's-bill gown, and 
 flies into a passion. She lets fall the ludicrous disguise, and stands before him 
 in her most beautiful dress. — (8) He knows her, and marries her. 
 
 Ibid. (Told and written down by Mr. Nis Callesen, farmer, 266 
 N. Sleswick.) 
 
 " Kragerunpels" (Crow-skin Gown). 
 
 (l) King of England's son wooes the beautiful daughter of the king of 
 " Denmark, but is not allowed to wed her. — (2) She goes to mother's grave, 
 and mother bids her ask father for a gown of gold brocade, one of silver 
 brocade, and a crow-skin gown. When she has these she must step into a 
 carriage, and say, ' ' Light before me ! dark behind me ! None shall see 
 whither I speed." — (3) In this way she arrives in England, leaves the carriage 
 in the town, and, dressed in the crow-skin gown, gets a situation as kitchen- 
 maid. — (4) She goes thrice to church in her brocaded gowns. The king's 
 son gets one of her shoes and half her fimger-ring. — (5) The other half she 
 throws anon into his cup, and makes herself known to him. — (6) Then they 
 are married. 
 
 Ibid. (Written down by Mr. Nik. Christensen, student, Vensyssel, 282 
 North Jutland.) 
 
 " Prinsesse Tr^troje" (Princess Wooden-coat). 
 
 (l) The Flint-king will not allow his daughter to marry the son of the 
 Flen-king, but turns her out into the forest. — (2) Princess gets a situation in 
 her lover's palace. He is to marry an old princess as soon as she has finished 
 
240 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 her web. Wooden- coat finishes it. — (3) Bride wants to lend Wooden-coat 
 a fine gown which she has brought from home ; but it does not fit her. So 
 Wooden-coat, who is to be bride in her place, must wear her own gown. On 
 the way to church, Wooden-coat says, "A dress fits best the one it belongs 
 to." — (4) King gives her first an apple, then a geld ring. He asks for thtm 
 again in the evening, and old princess must each time go to consult Wooden- 
 coat. — (5) At last the mystery is solved ; Wcoden-coat becomes queen, and 
 the old princess is turned out of doors. 
 
 237 Angelo de Gubernatis, Le Novelline di Stmto Stefano, raccolte 
 da. Torino, 1869. No. I, pp. 16-17. (Narrated by a girl 
 named Nunziatina, who heard it at Ripolano, above Siena.) 
 
 "La Bella e la Brutta." 
 
 (i) Stepmother ill-treats heroine from the moment she has a daughter of her 
 own, and sends her to pasture the cow, giving her half-a-pound of wool to 
 spin. — (2) Nena begins to cry at task, when an old woman, passing by, bids 
 her go and say to cow, '* My cow, spin with your mouth and wind with your 
 homs, and I'll get you forage." When she returns with a branch, the cow 
 has really spun it all for her. — (3) She takes the thread to stepmother, who 
 is suspicious, and next day gives heroine a whole pound to spin, and sends 
 stepsister with her. This time old woman finds her weeping, and bids her 
 comb sister's hair^ to send her to sleep, and meanwhile old woman does 
 the spinning. — (4) On the morrow heroine is sent again to pasture with a 
 pound and a half to spin ; but as stepsister does not sleep this time, she re- 
 turns home with task unperformed, and stepmother beats her. — (5) The fourth 
 day heroine is sent into the field to make a salad. She finds some rampion 
 {raponzolo)j and is about to pick it, when a stone is dislodged and reveals a 
 glass staircase, and a voice cries to her to go softly. She takes off her shoes 
 and descends. — (6) In one room she finds a cat sweeping with her tail ; she 
 takes pity on it, and sweeps for it ; the cat thanks her, and wishes her well. 
 — (7) In another room a cat is scouring ; heroine takes pity, and scours for it; 
 cat thanks her, and wishes her well. — (8) In a third room a cat is making 
 bread ; heroine does its work, and is thanked. — (9) In a fourth room a cat 
 is combing itself. Heroine, in pity, combs it, and cat asks, ** What have 
 you found?" "Pearls and gold!" And the cat rejoins, '* Pearls and gold 
 you shall have when you are married."— (10) At last she meets a lady who 
 bids her choose between a beautiful and an ugly dress, real and false jewels. 
 Heroine chooses the plain dress and the sham jewels as befitting her station; 
 but, because she is beautiful and good, she obtains the beautiful dress and the 
 real jewels, and this piece of advice : ** When you hear the donkey bray, do 
 not turn ; when you hear the cock crow, turn round." Having followed this 
 
 ^ See note 34. 
 
DE GUBERNATIS. 24 1 
 
 advice, heroine has a gold star shining from her brow. — (11) Stepmother is 
 envious, and sends stepsister to get the same. But she does with such an ill- 
 grace what heroine tells her, and gives such a rough answer to the fourth cat 
 who asks what she finds whilst combing her, and is so inconsiderate in her 
 choice of gifts, that she obtains the worst dress and the sham jewels, and is 
 told to turn round when the donkey brays. And, following this advice, 
 Caterina gets a tail on her brow, and goes home complaining. And the more 
 they cut it the more the tail grows. — (12) A great prince comes to marry 
 Nena, and stepmother decides to palm off Caterina instead. So she bids her 
 not remove veil from her brow. Nena is put in a cask, which is to be filled 
 with boiling water. — (13) But whilst the prince is going off with the veiled 
 Caterina, a cat jumps on to the rick and sings : ** Miau, miau, the cat is on the 
 rick ; the beauty is in the cask ; the ugly girl is in the saddle ; the prince's 
 white horse is carrying her." The prince is suspicious, and tears off the veil, 
 and discovers the ugly girl. — (14) Then, rushing to the cask, he releases the 
 beauty, and puts stepsister in her place. — (15) The mother soon comes, and, 
 unaware of the exchange, boils her daughter to death, whilst Nena is off with 
 the prince to a happy bridal. 
 
 Ibid. No. Ill, pp. 19-21. (Told by a young girl called 165 
 Nunziatina, who heard it at Rapolano, above Siena.) 
 
 " II Trottolin di Legno" (The Wooden Top). 
 
 ( I ) Lady on the point of death takes off her ring^ and makes husband promise 
 that he will marry no one whom it does not fit. At her death he makes a 
 long search for one who can wear ring, but in vain. — (2) His daughter sees 
 ring, and one day tries it on, and finds it fits her perfectly. Her father at 
 once wants to marry her. She refuses, but he insists. — (3) She takes counsel 
 of an old woman, who bids her demand a dress with golden bells. This by 
 the aid of a magician is provided. She next demands a dress with gold fish 
 on it, and thdn a dress with stars, both of which are procured by magician. 
 Old woman now bids her ask for a wooden top, which will just hold herself. — 
 (4) This is also granted, and on the eve of the wedding heroine gets inside 
 top, and by means of magic wand, which old woman provides, heroine is 
 carried off to a far country. People see wooden top travelling by itself, 
 and marvel. An inscription on the top says it will belong to anyone who will 
 take care of it. A marquis takes a fancy to it, and takes it to his house. 
 Then the girl (/a citta) comes out of it, and waits on him. — (5) One evening 
 marquis is going to a ball, and heroine begs him to take her too. Being 
 refused, she takes the tongs and strikes him on the knees. When he has 
 started, she makes herself very beautiful, by means of magic wand, gets car- 
 riage and pair, and clad in dress with golden bells she goes to ball where 
 marquis falls in love with her. Asked whence she comes, she replies : "From 
 Rap-tongs," and asks the marquis to accompany her. But no sooner has she set 
 foot in her carriage than she vanishes, leaving him behind abashed. — (6) 
 
 R 
 
242 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Second day, when marqu's refuses to take her to ball, she hits him over the 
 knees wich a b'oom; then follows in carriage and four, clad in gold-fish dress ; 
 dazzles the marquis with her beauty, and says she comes from Rap-broom ; then 
 invites him to accompany her, and vanishes from him as before. — (7) Third 
 night all happens as before ; she beats him with shovel ; goes to ball in 
 carriage and six, wearing star dress ; says she comes from Rap-shovel, then 
 vanishes from him so suddenly that he falls in a swoon. Next day she asks 
 why he is not goif^g again to the ball. Marqu's s-ys he does not wish to go 
 again. — -(8) Then heroine pretends she is ill, andshu's herself in her room, 
 which she transforms with her wand so that it would never be recognised ; 
 then assuming the form of a lovely girl, she takes her sat, having spread 
 around her the three splendid dresses. — (9) Marquis, who misses her com-ng 
 to work as usual, goes to look for her, finds and recognises her, and, full of joy, 
 marries her. 
 
 285 I^id. No. IX, pp. 29-30. Told by man named Gargnani, who 
 used to be a carter {barocciaid). 
 
 " Le Oche" (The Geese). 
 
 (i) An old woman has such an extremely beautiful daughter that she does 
 not allow her to be seen by anyone. On the death of the old woman, the girl, 
 being alone in the world, and not wishing to be looked at, takes off the old 
 woman's tkin to make herself a dress of it. Thus disguised, she sets out and 
 reaches a city. — (2) The prince's son sees her, and takes pity on the nice 
 old woman. He gives her something to eat, and sets her to mind the geese. 
 (3) The first day she gets up into a high tower, and, thiLking not to be seen 
 at such a height, begins to take off the old woman's guise. But the geese, 
 drawing near, catch sight of her, and cry, ** Coco, what a lovely mistress 
 have we !" — (4) The cook, overhearing, wishes to solve the mystery, and 
 spies that night at the key-hole when heroine is undressing, and sees how 
 her beauty lights up the whole room, — (5) The cook informs the prince, who, 
 having seen for himself on the following evening, would mirry the lovely girl 
 at once. But the cook restrains him, and says he will manage it. — (6) So the 
 third night cook steals noiselessly into the room, and hides the skin under the 
 bolster. Heroine, unable to find her disguise on waking, dares not go forth 
 to mind the geese, and so delays ; and the prince, being told of it, comes to 
 her room, and she is filled with confusion. — (7) But he takes her in his arms 
 and mairies her. 
 
 286 ^^^^' ^^- -^^^J PP- 3 2 '3 5- (Nai rated by Teresina del Ponte a 
 
 Signa.) 
 
 "The Cruel Stepmother." 
 
 (i) Kii g's beautiful wife dies, leaving him a lovely daughter. He marries 
 again, apd stepmother is jealous of heroine. King hrs to be absent six 
 
DE GUBERNATIS. — VON DER HAGEN. 243 
 
 months at the war, and stepmother, in spite of promise to take ca e of heroine, 
 resolves to get rid of her. She sends her with two assassins to the forest on 
 the eve of Other's return, pretending she is sent to meet him. Assassins 
 spare heroine, kill a lamb, and take its eyes and heart to stepmother, together 
 vsith heroine's dress soaked in its blood. Instead of rewarding assassins, she 
 contrives their hll through a trap-door, which kills them. Then she makes 
 known that the princess has died, and all the city mourns, — (2) King returns, 
 and is overcome with grief. Meanwhile, Caterina reaches sea shore, where an 
 old woman meets her, and befriends her, and tells her to open to none whilst 
 she goes out to beg. — {3) One day Caterina is seen at the window, and the 
 queen hearing of it, at once promises three hundred scuJi to an old witch if 
 she will kill her. Witch comes begging under heroine's window, and at 
 length persuades her to open door to her. She then gives her a nosegay and 
 a necklet of flowers. Caterina is enchanted, and the witch goes away and 
 receives her rewaid. Old woman returns, finds heroine as though dead, 
 guesses what has happened, puts her in an iron cfcest, lights four candles 
 round her, and abandons the house. — (4) One day prince is hunting in the 
 forest, when a whirlwind drives him and his companions to seek shelter. 
 They spy a light, and come to the house. Prince finds chest, opens it, and 
 falls in love with the beautiful corpse. Tries to resuscitate it, but in vain. 
 Then has chest conveyed to palace, and keeps it in his own room. He prays 
 day and night over it, neglecting his kingdom. — (5) His mother begs him to 
 give audience of at least two hours a day, and meanwhile his room shall be 
 guarded that none shall enter it King yields, but mother is curious, and 
 enters room with two maidens. They iurround corpse, and one takes the 
 nosegay from the hand, and the other takes the garland from the neck, and 
 the corpse comes to life. — (6) King returns, and instead of the dead one, the 
 living comes to meet him, and there is great rejoicing in the kingdom. The 
 wedding is announced ; all the kirgs of the earth are bidden— even Caterina's 
 father and the cruel stepmother. — (7) When she sees Caterina at the window 
 she wants to turn back, but guards have orders not to let any go back. At 
 the feast heroine tells her story from the beginning. Her sorrowful father is 
 filled with joy, and the stepmother would like to hide under the earth. 
 Caterina would have pardoned her, but the court having decreed that she 
 should be burnt, a huge pile is erected, and so the auel stepmoth» ends her 
 days. 
 
 Von DER Hagen, Friedrich Heinrich, Erzdhlungen und 49 
 Mdrchen, Prenzlau, 1825. VoL ii, 339-43. 
 
 "The Three Sisters." 
 
 (i) Mother has three daughters. The youngest, who is extremely beautiful, 
 is hated by mother and sisters, who make her do all menial work and wear 
 rags. — (2) Mother throws poppies into the ashes for her to sort. Once, when 
 
 R 2 
 
244 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 she is weeping over this task, a white dove asks if it can help her ; heroine 
 says " Yes" : 
 
 * * Help your crop, but that would not 
 Be helping for my little pot." 
 
 Dove helps, and before flying away says, if she would like to go to church and 
 has no good clothes, she can go to large willow-tree behind the village, and 
 say, 
 
 ** Open, hollow willow- tree ! 
 Give out lovely clothes to me," 
 
 and she will be dressed better than her sisters, — (3) Next Sunday heroine 
 watches mother and sisters into church, then gets lovely raiment from tree and 
 follows them. No one ever knows her, and mother and sisters often talk of 
 the lovely princess who appears in church. — (4) It happens one day that a 
 neighbouring knight picks up a dainty little shoe, and wonders to what pretty 
 foot it can belong. He hears tell of mother with the three pretty daughters ; 
 so he sends shoe to her house with the request that he may have the girl it 
 fits for his bride. — (5) Youngest is not told of it, but eldest cuts off toes and 
 puts shoe on. Suitor comes to receive her as his bride, and takes her hoi»e. 
 His little dog will not be pacified, but keeps running round him, barking, 
 
 ** Bow- wow- wow, 
 Master has got the wrong bride now." 
 
 Then it is found that girl has cut off her toes so as to wear shoe. — (6) She is 
 taken back to mother, and second daughter fetched as bride. Dog denounces 
 her in like manner; her toes also have been cut off; so she is returned. — 
 (7) Youngest daughter is no longer kept in hiding ; she is brought forth, 
 and shoe fits her. Dog barks, 
 
 ** Bow-wow- wow. 
 Master's got the right girl now." 
 
 And the young trees in mother's garden uproot themselves to follow heroine, 
 and plant themselves in her new garden. 
 
 50 Hahn, Griechische und Albanesische Mdrchen. Gesammelt, 
 Ubersetzt und erlautert von J. G. von Hahn. Leipzig, 1864. 
 Vol. i, p. 70. Story No. II. 
 
 " ASCHENPUTTEL." 
 
 (i) Three sisters spinning with their mother agree that the first one who 
 breaks her thread and drops her spindle shall be eaten by the others.^ — (2) The 
 mother drops her spindle thrice ; she is twice forgiven, but the third time the 
 
 ^ See note 35. 
 
VON HAHN. 245 
 
 two elder sisters determine to enforce the agreement. They kill and eat the 
 mother, in spite of the prayers and tears of the youngest, who refuses to join 
 them at the table or to taste her mother's flesh. — (3) She sits on a wooden 
 saddle which stands under the hen-roost, and becomes covered with the 
 droppings of the fowls, and she weeps and curses her sisters. They call her 
 Fowlsdungskin in derision.— (4) When they have finished, the heroine collects 
 her mother's bones and other remains, and buries them^ by the ash-heap, and 
 every day she fumigates them with incense. After the forty days are over she 
 desires to remove them to another place ; but when she lifts the stone under 
 which they lie, instead of the bones she finds three costly shining dresses. On 
 one is embroidered the heaven with its stars, on another the spring with its 
 flowers, on the third the sea with its waves ; and with them lies a great heap 
 of all sorts of money. — (5) The next Sunday, after the elder sisters have gone 
 to church, the heroine washes, and puts on the first of these three dresses, fills 
 her pockets with money, and goes to church. Everyone is dazzled, and after 
 the service many follow her out of curiosity ; but she escapes by scattering 
 money. When her sisters return they tell her of the beautiful lady who had 
 been at church, and show the money they have picked up, telling her that if 
 she had gone she would have had a share. She feigns indifference. — (6 The 
 next Sunday the adventure is repeated. — (7) The third Sunday she is followed 
 by the king's son, and in running away she loses her slipper. While the 
 king's son picks it up she escapes. — (8) The king's son makes known that he 
 will marry the woman whose foot the slipper will fit. He goes from house to 
 house seeking her. The heroine's sisters advise her to try the slipper on, as 
 her foot is so small it will be sure to fit. With great difficulty she is persuaded 
 to try, when the king's son comes to the house ; and he marries her. — (9) When 
 she gives birth to a child her sisters attend her. They have become envious, 
 and shut her up in a chest and throw her into the river. [Nothing is said 
 about the babe.] The chest floats and comes to land, where it is found by an 
 imbecile old woman, who takes it for firewood. When she cleaves it with her 
 axe the heroine springs out, which so frightens the old woman that she runs 
 away and never comes back. — (10) The heroine, left alone, prays to God for 
 a cover for her head, that she may not hear the cries of the wild beasts which 
 disturb her. God gives her the covering ; she prays that it may be enlarged 
 so as to envelope half her body. Finding this prayer too is granted, she prays 
 for a great castle with every convenience. Scarcely has she finished her 
 prayer when she finds herself in a magnificent castle where all the furniture 
 can hear her commands and perform them, and answer her when she speaks. 
 — (11) One day the king's son comes that way hunting. Seeing the castle, 
 he knocks at the door, and the door opens by the heroine's command. Sitting 
 on a throne, she welcomes him, and all the things in the castle, in response to 
 her, bid him welcome. He does not recognise her. She bids the table be 
 
 ^ The collection and cleaning of the bones of the dead, and their burial 
 in the bone-house by the relatives, accords with a custom of the Greek 
 Church. 
 
246 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 laid, and they sit down to eat. — (12) The king's son steals a spoon.^ When 
 they have finished their meal she asks, ** Table, hast thou all thy linen ?" 
 The table answers "Yes". She then asks, "Spoons, are you all there?" 
 They answer, "Yes, save one"; and that one answers, " I am stuck in the 
 guest's boot." Feigning not to hear, she asks again, and the prince, turning 
 very red, throws the spoon secretly away. The heroine says, " Why do you 
 blush ? I see very well what you have done ; but you need not fear, for I am 
 your wife ; and thus and thus has it happened to me." She tells him all, and 
 commands the castle to remove to the capital. The whole castle moves 
 accordingly. Full of joy, the people come out to meet it. The prince sends 
 for his two sisters-in-law ; with his own hand he hews them in pieces, and 
 lives with his wife happy ever after. 
 
 166 Ibid.^ vol. i, p. 191. No. XXVII. (From Ziza, in the Province 
 
 of Epirus.) 
 
 " Allerleirauh." 
 
 (i) A widowed king desires to marry his only daughter. She is averse, but 
 at length says she will consent if the bishop will sanction it. — (2) The father 
 asks the bishop,^ "If one brings up a lamb and fattens it, is it better to eat it 
 oneself or to let another eat it ?" The bishop replies that it is better to eat it 
 oneself ; and the father repeats to his daughter that the bishop has sanctioned 
 the marriage. — {3) The heroine demands fir^t two dresses of pure gold, the 
 pockets filled with ducats, and requires bed and a pit to be made which goes 
 ten fathoms deep into the earth. — (4) When these are ready she gets into the 
 bed, goes thereon into the pit, and says : " Earth, open further !" The earth 
 obeys ; she en'ers and comes to another place, and stays there. — {5) The 
 king's son, hunting, finds her wrapped in the fell of an animal. He asks : 
 " Art thou human?" Finding that she is, he takes her home and makes her 
 gooseherd. — (6) One day the king gives a feast. The heroine slips out of her 
 fell, and in her golden clothes goes to the feast and dances. The king's son 
 wonders who she is. After the dance he follows her ; but she escapes by 
 scattering ducats, which he stops to pick up. — (7) The king's son gives another 
 feast, when the adventure is repeated. — (8) The king's son gives a third feast ; 
 and afier the dance he pursues the heroine again. In running away she 
 loses a shoe, which he picks up, she escaping the while. The king's son tries 
 the shoe on all maidens, but cannot find whom it will fit. — (9) As the maid- 
 
 ^ When an Albanian bride is brought home, on everything being ready for 
 setting Qut,^.the tilam £bridjegroom'.^ conductor] steals two spoons which lie 
 ready for the purpose. The bridegroom's party also steal something else — a 
 cup, a glass, or the like — which is afterwards restored. See the author's 
 Albanesische Studien, vol. i, p. 145. 
 
 ^ See note 36. 
 
VON HAHN. 247 
 
 servants are g )ing to bring water to the king that he may wash before eating, 
 the heroine sUts her fell at the knee, so that when she kneels her g )lden dress 
 is seen through it. She then goes to the servants and asks permission to carry 
 the veater to the king. They refuse. The king, hearing the altercation, 
 interferes in her favour ; and when she kneels before him with the water, her 
 golden dress gleams through the slit. The king's son sees it, and cries out : 
 *' It is you, then, that have tormented me !" He marries her. 
 
 [Note. — A variant from Witza makes the father a priest, who asks his 
 bibhop : *' I have an apple-tree standing before my door ; who is to eat the 
 fruit — I or a stranger ?" The heroine desires from her father fine clothes and 
 a wooden chest in human form with a key. She encloses herself in this, and 
 runs away. She is attacked by sheep-dogs j but they cannot bite her, and the 
 shepherds wonder at her as a wooden man.] 
 
 I/)id.^ vol. ii, p. 225. Variant of story No. XXVII. (From 167 
 
 Smyrna.) 
 
 " Allerleirauh" (second version). 
 
 (i) A king promises his dying wife to marry only one whom her ring fits. — 
 (2) He sends through the whole world, but the ring fits no one. — (3) After the 
 messengers return, his daughter finds the ring on the table, puts it on, and it 
 fits her. The king therefore demands to mirry her. — (4) She flies to her room 
 and cries out to her Fate, asking why she had been awarded such a doom. 
 Her Fate appears, and tells her to require from her father first a silver, then a 
 golden, and lastly a pearl dress without slit or seam. — (5) No tailor in the 
 kingdom can supply such dresses, but the kmg, while hunting, meets the devil 
 and gets them from him. Then, by the advice of her Fate, the heroine 
 requires a long-haired dress, through which neither her eyes, her face, her 
 hands, nor her feet shall be recognised. The devil furnishes this also. — (6) 
 She then declares herself willing, but stipulates first to go unseen to the bath, 
 and the king bids his subjects close their shops and keep indoors while she 
 passes through the streets. She is then conveyed by her Fate, unseen by 
 anyone, to a cave in a high mountain, where she remains six years living on 
 bread and water brought to her twice a day by her Fate.— (7) At last a prince 
 puts up a hunting-box in the neighbourhood of the cave. — (8). The smell of 
 the food cooking there attracts the heroine, and at sight of her the cooks run 
 away. She helps herself to the food and spoils with salt what she leaves 
 behind.— (9) The thiid time she does this the prince sees her, tracks her to 
 her cavern, and takes her to his palace. There she is called the Hairy, from 
 her dress. She remains speechless, answering always by signs. The prince 
 becomes so much attached to her that his mother grows jealous. — (lo) At a 
 great wedding, attended by the prince and his mother, she appears thrice in 
 her three dresses. The prince falls in love with her, and obtains from his 
 mother the first time a ring, the next a watch, and the third time a band of 
 pearls, which he gives her successively. She escapes each time by throwing 
 
248 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 money among the crowd. — (11) The prince falls sick of love for the unknown 
 lady, and his mother bakes pastry for him. — (12) The heroine wishes to try 
 her hand at making some, but she is forbidden. The prince overhears the 
 contention, and interferes in her favour. She puts into the pastry she makes, 
 first the ring, then the watch, and lastly the band of pearls. All the pastry 
 but hers is burnt. The prince recognises the tokens. He sends and begs 
 shears which will cut iron and steel, and cuts her hairy garment off. 
 
 267 James Orchard Halliwell, Nursery Rhymes and Nursery Tales 
 of England. Story No. XLV, in verse. (Taken down pre- 
 vious to 1 84 1, from a nurse aged 81.) 
 
 "The Story of Catskin." 
 
 (l) Gentleman has several daughters, but wants an heir. Tells wife if 
 next child is a daughter it shall be outcast. Wife bears daughter, sends her 
 away, and afterwards to school, till she is fifteen.— (2) Then girl determines 
 to go to service, hides gay dresses in bundle in forest, and dons catskin robe. 
 — (3) She is engaged as scullion at castle, where cook ill-treats her. — (4) 
 There is to be a ball ; heroine wants to go, and is ridiculed by cook, who 
 dashes basin of water in her face. She goes to forest, washes in waterfall, 
 dons beautiful dress, and goes to ball. Young master dances with her, falls 
 in love, and asks where she lives. " At the sign of the basin of water," she 
 says, and flies from the ball-room. — (5) Next day young lord confides his love 
 to his mother. There is a second ball ; all happens as before. Cook breaks 
 heroine's head with ladle. She goes to ball j tells young lord she comes 
 from "the sign of the broken ladle". — (6) Third time cook hits her with 
 skimmer, and at third ball heroine says she lives at ** the sign of the broken 
 skimmer". But this time young lord follows when she leaves, hides in forest, 
 and watches her. — (7) Next day he takes to his bed, sends for doctor, con- 
 fides to him his love for Catskin, and begs that none but she shall be allowed 
 to come into his room. — (8) He gets well, and marries Catskin. — (9) Some 
 time after, heroine's child gives alms to a beggar's child, and grandmother 
 says, "See how beggars' brats take to each other." Stung by the taunt, 
 heroine persuades husband to seek her father, who, in the meantime, has lost 
 all his other children. Father is overjoyed at having outcast daughter restored 
 to him. 
 
 287 Th. S. Haukenas, Hardanger; Natur^ Folkeliv, Folketro. VII. 
 
 1891. Pp. 579-88. 
 
 " Annemor" (Anna-mother = Anna darling). 
 
 (i) Poor fisherman, with many children, puts a fish aside daily for himself 
 and one for each child. The rest are sold by Annemor at the king's castle, 
 
HAUKENAS. 249 
 
 and she buys oatmeal cakes with the money ; one for father, one for self, and 
 one for each brother and sister. She is obliged to cross a bridge, where she 
 always loses her own loaf; she cries, and starves. By the time she gets home 
 her fish has always got lost too. She gets some scraps from brothers and 
 sisters, and so does not quite starve to death. — (2) Father at length begins to 
 doubt her being his child, thinking, "God, perhaps, does not know her as 
 such, not allowing her to eat." He therefore exposes her in the forest, where 
 her fortune may find her if it likes. They are weeping there together when 
 an aged man comes and asks why. He offers to take Annemor away with 
 him, but is not allowed to do so. He then asks if she would like to serve in 
 king's castle. If she should ever want him she has only to walk out to the 
 hill hard by. — (3) Annemor is engaged at the castle to carry water, cleanse 
 the pots and pans, and sweep the floors. Everyone is kind to her, the prince 
 excepted. One day he is not satisfied with the way she has cleaned his 
 slippers (clogs), and gives her a box on the ear with them. — (4) She goes cry- 
 ing to the hill, where the hill-man consoles her, saying that there are to be 
 held three large gatherings of lords and ladies, that the prince may choose a 
 queen. When everyone has started, she has only to repair to the hill, where 
 she will find a brass he-goat on which to ride to church, and a brass dress to 
 put on. The following time the goat and dress will be of silver, and the 
 third time of gold. She must leave church before sermon is finished. — (5) All 
 happens in this manner. The brass he-goat is too quick for prince to catch 
 him, though he takes his swiftest horses. — (6) The third time the prince is so 
 near to heroine that she cannot wait to change her golden dress, but throws 
 rags on over it. — (7) Prince imagines the fair lady lives not far off, so invites 
 the whole neighbourhood to a ball. Queen bids Annemor come, and drags 
 her in during the dancing, in spite of her resistance. Queen begs one of the 
 lords to dance with her. Annemor is a good dancer, and, in turn, everybody, 
 even the prince, is glad to dance with her. Something like a gold circle 
 seems to glitter beneath her dress. The faster she turns the more of it is 
 seen. — (8) At last she is obliged to throw off her rags, and when she stands 
 in golden dress the prince asks for her hand and heart. — (9) Next morning 
 she goes to hill. Old man tells her that they will bring her a looking-glass, 
 and she will see in it how once she hunted about and cried for her oatmeal 
 cakes. The sight will make her burst into laughter ; prince will ask the 
 reason, and she must say, " Here the castle is built only on pillars of brass 
 and iron ; but my father's house stands on pillars of gold and silver. "^ Pre- 
 sently, when she gives this answer to prince, he immediately desires to see 
 this magnificent castle.— { 10) Annemor goes crying to the hill. "Don't be 
 downcast," says the hill-man. "Drive in a straight line from here till you 
 come to the castle. It is yours. It is your dowry from me." 
 
 See note 37. 
 
 i 
 
250 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 288 Household Stories fro7ii the Land of Hofer ; or, Fopuuir Myths of 
 Tirol. By the author of " Patranas, or Spanish Stories," etc. 
 [Miss R. H. Busk.] London, 187 1. P. 158. (Translation or 
 adaptation from some undisclosed source. The scene of the 
 tale is laid in the Parseier Thai.) 
 
 " Klein- Else." 
 
 (l) A nobleman, defeated in battle by his enemy, and mortally wounded, 
 gives directions to his only daughter how to escape. — (2) She flies, disguised 
 in rags, and (3) meets an unknown knight at the foot of a certain rock. He 
 takes pity on her, and saying, *' Open, hoary rock !"i displays a hidden 
 treasure, from which he gives her leave to come and take whatever she will, 
 but she is to make good use of it, for on that will depend her future happi- 
 ness. He will return in seven years to see what use she has made of it, and 
 meantime she is to remember his name, or woe will betide her. She takes a 
 few pieces of money, and, going on her way, takes service (4) as a poultry- 
 maid at a young nobleman's castle. — (5) On Sunday she goes to the rock, 
 and, taking a robe of sunbeams, goes to church, where she is seen by the 
 young baron. Afterwards she returns the dress, and resumes her rags. — (6) 
 The next Sunday she takes from the treasure a robe of moonbeams. The 
 baron orders his waiting-men to detain her as she leaves the church, but she 
 escapes them by scattering money. — (7) The third Sunday she chooses a 
 garment blue like the sky, and sparkling with stars. The baron slips a 
 gold ring on her finger before she leaves the church, and again she con- 
 trives to escape his waiting-men as before.— (8) He falls ill with love, and 
 refuses every amusement. His aunt, the Countess Janfenstein, proposes a 
 banquet to which everyone from far and near is to be invited. He agrees 
 to this, but will eat nothing bttt pancakes. The cook, in her anxiety, burns 
 them. — (9) Klein-Else, the poultry-maid, tries her hand, makes a pancake, 
 and puts the ring he has given her into it, and also a diamond-ring taken 
 from the rock. The baron finds them, and sends for the cook, who is 
 compelled to confess who made the pancake. — (10) Meantime, Klein-Else 
 goes to the rock and obtains a splendid dress and a retinue of servants. The 
 baron sends for her; she comes in state, and declares her true name and 
 rank. They are married, and have several children. — (11) The seven years 
 pass, and the mysterious knight comes to find her. She has forgotten his 
 name. He takes her to the treasure -rock and bids it open. She sees within, 
 instead of treasure, all the misery she might have relieved, but has omitted to 
 relieve in her selfish enjoyment of the good fortune which has come to her. 
 Her husband, seeking her, finds only her dead body kneeling against the 
 treasure- rock. 
 
 1 See note 38. 
 
IMBPIANI. 251 
 
 Imbriani, XII Conti Pomiglianesi. Napoli, 1877. Pp. 42-45. 313^ 
 (From Avellino, Principato Ulteriore.) 
 
 "'E TRE FiGLIE d' 'O Re." 
 
 (i) King has three daughters. One evening he tells them that he will 
 want to hear the following morning what each of them has dreamt." Next 
 day eldest daughter tells him she dreamt that she married a prince ; the 
 second daughter that she married a king ; the youngest, that she married an 
 emperor. — (2) Father conceives dislike for youngest daughter, because he 
 fears she will marry someone above his own rank. One day he calls faith- 
 ful servant, and bids him take her out in carriage to the wood, kill her 
 there, and bring back her blood and one of her fingers. Servant drives her 
 to the wood, but feels pity for her, and whilst deliberating about murdering 
 her, sees in the distance a sheep, which he k'lls instead. He takes the 
 sheep's blood, but is obliged to cut off one of heroine's fingers. Then he 
 leaves her alone in the wood. — (3) At night she is terrified at hearing wild 
 beasts ; sees a light in the distance, and walks towards it. She comes to the 
 house of an ogre {Uorco), and knocks at the door. The ogress opens to her, 
 warns her that when husband returns he will eat her, but takes pity on her, 
 and lets her hide behind the door. Ogre returns, and remarks, ** What a 
 smell of Christians !"^ Ogress persuades him it is nothing, and makes believe 
 she is enceinte. — (4) One day she presents heroine as her own child, and they 
 both treat her as such. — (5) One day, when ogre and ogress have gone out, 
 heroine unlocks and enters forbidden chamber, is entranced with all the beau- 
 tiful things, and walks out on the balcony. The emperor's palace is close by, 
 and the parrot there says : 
 
 " Bella figliola, bella figliola, 
 r Uorco ti cresce, 1' Uorco ti 'ngrassa 
 Pc' ti mangia." 
 
 She is very frightened ; but when ogress learns what has happened, she bids 
 her say next time to parrot : 
 
 ** Pappagallo, pappagallo, 
 de 'sta coda 'no bello ventaglio, 
 de 'sta capo 'no bello bastone, 
 Saro moglie al tuo padrone." 
 
 (6) Heroine goes again to the balcony, and replies to parrot as bidden. Bird 
 is much annoyed, and goes in to tell his master, who, being fond of it, says 
 he will find out who the girl is, and slay her. Accordingly the emperor is in 
 hiding, ready to slay heroine the next time she comes to talk to the parrot. 
 
 ^ For abstract of this story, see Appendix. 
 
 2 See note 39. ^ See note 40. 
 
252 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 But seeing her extreme beauty, he resolves to marry her instead. — (7) 
 Amongst other kings heroine's father is invited to the wedding, and when 
 she makes herself known to him, he falls at her feet craving forgiveness. 
 
 51 ViTTORio Lmbriani, La Novellaja Fiorentina, Fiabe e Novelle 
 stenografate in Firenze dal dettato popolare, ristampa accresciuta 
 
 di molte novelle inedite nelle quali e accolta integral- 
 
 mente La Novellaja Milanese^ Livorno, 1877. Story No. XI, 
 
 PP- 151-57. 
 
 " La Cenerentola." 
 
 (i) A man has three daughters. He is going a journey, and asks what he 
 shall bring them. First chooses fine dress ; second, hat and cloak. Youngest 
 daughter, who is called Cinderella, because she stays always by the hearth, 
 asks father to buy her the bird Verdelio. He upbraids her for choosing any- 
 thing so useless, instead of dress and shawl. Father presently returns with 
 the gifts — (2) He is employed at the court, and one day king says to him he 
 is going to give three balls, and if he likes he can bring his daughters. He 
 goes home and says to Cinderella, if she had only asked for a dress as her 
 present, she too could go. Cinderella says she does not care about it, and, 
 when the night arrives, sisters cannot persuade her to dress and go. "When 
 they have started, she goes to bird and says, " Little bird Verdelio, make me 
 more lovely than I am. " She gets beautiful dress, and bird gives her two 
 bags of coppers. She drives to ,ball : prince dances with her. She seats her- 
 self beside her sisters, and, in taking out handkerchief, lets fall a bracelet. 
 Eldest sister picks it up, and is told to keep it. King tells servants to follow 
 heroine j she throws coppers to detain them, and escapes unseen. Goes to 
 bird and says, "Little bird Verdelio, make me more ugly than I am," and 
 becomes dirty and ugly. Sisters return, tell her about ball, and show 
 bracelet. — (3) Next night all happens as before. A necklace falls from her 
 handkerchief, and she gives it to second sister, who has picked it up. She 
 ^ blinds pursuers with sand. — (4) Third night she drops a snuff-box, and gives 
 it to father. She forgets to take anything wherewith to detain pursuers, who 
 pick up the shoe she drops on getting into carriage, then follow and mark 
 which house she enters. Bird will not at once make her ugly this time, and 
 tells her that it matters not, for now she is discovered. She begins to cry. — 
 (5) Next day king sends servants with carriage to fetch her. Father opens 
 door to them, and, in reply to their question, says he has two daughters. 
 They are called, and servants try shoe, which will fit neither. They make 
 him confess that he has another daughter, but he says he is ashamed of her. 
 She is called, and will not come. At last she goes to bird, asks to be made 
 beautiful, and appears as at last ball. Bird asks to be placed in her bosom. 
 As she descends stairs the gold chains on her dress jingle. Father says she must 
 be dragging the fire-irons after her.--(6) The shoe is tried, and fits her. She 
 is taken to the palace, recognised, and married to the king. Father and sisters 
 attend wedding. 
 
IMBRIANI. 253 
 
 Ibid. Note to Story No. XI, pp. 158-62. (In Milanese 168 
 
 dialect.) 
 
 " La Scindiroeura." 
 
 I ) A king has a little daughter named Maria, who is so beautiful that he 
 wants to marry her. — (2) Daughter demands two dresses and a talking-goose. 
 Father procures dress like the stars, and another like the sun's rays. At 
 night he calls her. She replies that she is coming. — (3) She makes a bundle 
 of the two drcjses, and puts goose in a basin of water. Goose flaps its wings, 
 and when father next calls, replies, '* I am coming." Father falls asleep, and 
 next morning finds his daughter gone ; for heroine has put on a covering 
 {belV -e-bruU\ which hides her entirely up to her eyes, and set out, journey- 
 ing till she reaches a certain city. — (4) She goes to king's palace, and asks to 
 be engaged as waiting-maid to the queen. Guard says she ought to be 
 ashamed to ask it, ugly as she is. Then she begs to be taken as kitchen-maid, 
 to tend the fire and clean the hearth. Queen is consulted, and consents to 
 engage her. — (5) One day, king's son tells his mother he wishes to give a ball 
 on the morrow, and she is well pleased. When he has gone to the ball, 
 Cinderella goes to queen, and says, *' Do let me go and look on at the ball, if 
 only through key -hole, for I have never seen one." **Go, then ; but be sure 
 and return soon, for if my son should see you, I don't know what he would 
 say." Then heroine goes to her room to don star- dress, and appears at the 
 ball. Prince dances with her, and after one round she says, ** Excuse me one 
 moment, I will come back ;" but, instead of returning, she goes home to her 
 work. Prince says to his mother, * ' You should have seen what a lovely girl 
 there was at the ball. I danced once with her, and then she disappeared. 
 Her eyes were like Cinderella's." Heroine mutters, *■ It was she." Prince 
 asks what the silly is talking about, and she repeats it. — (6) Next night he 
 gives another ball, and heroine begs queen to let her go and look on, just to 
 see that lovely girl. Queen says she is a worry, but consents, and she promises 
 to be gone only a minute or two. She wears her sun-dress, dances with the 
 prince, and leaves him as before, to return to her duties, only, whilst dancing, 
 she has taken his ring. He is talking about it ail to his mother, and heroine 
 again says it was herself. — (7) He gives a third ball, but she goes no more, 
 and he falls ill. He will let no one take him his food. — (8) Heroine asks 
 queen if she may not take it. Queen says he cannot bear the sight of a 
 woman, but heroine rejoins, ** He will let me in, you see." Queen gives per- 
 mission. Then heroine dons her sun-dress, and drops his ring into the food. 
 — (9) When he sees the lovely girl he is instantly cured, and marries her. — 
 (10) After a time he goes to find her father. 
 
254 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 238 Ibid, Note to No. XI, pp. 162-66. (In Milanese dialect. Taken 
 down literally as told by peasants, labourers, or servants.) 
 
 " SCINDIRIN-SCINDIROLU." 
 
 (i) A merchant has three daughters : two are ugly, but the youngest is very 
 beautiful ; wherefore elder sisters ill-treat her, and make her stay in the kitchen 
 chimney-corner. — (2) King gives a ball, and the elder sisters go decked out 
 in silks and finery. Left alone, heroine goes into the garden and begins to 
 weep. A lady comes up to her and asks why, then gives her a wand, bidding 
 her go to her room, strike with the wand, and she will get everything she 
 wants for the ball. When she gets to the door she is to strike with wand, 
 and a carriage will appear ; then, arrived at the ball, she can use wand again, 
 and carriage will vanish. Thus heroine goes beautifully dressed to the ball ; 
 her sisters see her ; so does the prince, who admires her greatly and dances 
 with her. Then she vanishes, and he is beside himself; at least he wanted 
 to see her to her carriage. — (3) Next morning sisters find her sitting, as usual, 
 by the hearth, and tell her about the lovely girl at the ball. ** You should 
 have seen her, Cinderella; she had eyes just like yours." "It was me." 
 "What?" **I said if the prince gives a ball to-night I shall go again." 
 They say, how can she go ? for she has nothing to wear. King gives another 
 ball in the hope of seeing lovely stranger ; sisters attend, and heroine appears 
 again, beautifully dressed. Prince rushes to meet her, and they dance 
 together ; then she gives a nosegay of flowers to one of her sisters, and is 
 about to leave. Prince follows her ; she strikes her wand, the carriage 
 appears, and she goes home to bed. — (4) Next morning sisters talk about 
 ball and show her the nosegay. They again say that the lady's eyes were 
 like hers, and she says, ** Yes, it was me" ; and, asked what she said, 
 replies, *• I said that if the prince gives another ball you will see me there 
 again." They say, ** What folly !" who is there to take her ? All happens 
 the same a third time. Prince asks heroine who she is, and says he wants to 
 marry her. She says she cannot possibly tell him where she lives, neither 
 can she marry him. He gives her a ring, and vows he will marry no one who 
 does not first present it to him. She accepts the ring, but says it would be 
 difficult for her to become his wife. Then she gets home as before. — (5) The 
 same conversation takes place next morning with the sisters. Presently 
 they tell her that the prince has fallen ill because he cannot find his lady-love. 
 Then heroine goes into the garden, and is very sorrowful ; the lady appears 
 to her and asks why she looks so sad, then bids her go indoors and say that 
 she wants to go out to service ; then she is to ask at the palace if they want 
 a servant, and try to get engaged as waiting-maid to the queen. — (6) She 
 does as bidden, and queen takes her. The prince is ill in bed, and one day, 
 when his food is ready to be taken up to him, heroine asks leave to carry it 
 as far as his ante-room ; then she slips the ring into the gruel. Prince finds 
 it, and asks who made the food. "The cook." Then he inquires who 
 brought it to the room, and sends for his mother's waiting-maid. — (7) She 
 
IMBRIANI. 255 
 
 goes reluctantly, and prince recognises her as the beauty of ihe ball. She 
 says yes, it is she, and she wanted to return his ring, and knew no other way. 
 He wants to marry her, but she says she is but a poor girl, and no fit bride 
 for him. Then he calls his mother, and says he will marry her maid or 
 nobody. Queen is willing. When the sisters hear of it they are very 
 jealous, but heroine shows them kindness always. 
 
 Ibid., pp. 183-90. No. XIII. 239 
 
 " IL Luccio" (The Pike). 
 
 (i) Widow with one daughter marries widower with extremely beautiful 
 daughter. One day, his Majesty passing window, sees lovely girl. One girl 
 is weaving, the other making reels of silk. King enters house, and wants to 
 see cloth. Every day, at the same hour, he comes and says to the beauty, 
 ** Good day and good year to her who weaves", and adds, *' Good day to her 
 who makes reels." Stepmother, who is jealous for her own daughter, sets 
 her to weave, and the other girl to make reels. King then says, " Good day 
 to her who weaves ; good day and good year to her who makes reels." — (2) 
 Then mother sends heroine to fairies for a sieve. On the way she meets old 
 woman, who tells her she has to pass through dangers ; explains to her which 
 house it is ; tells her to be very careful not to break stairs, which are of glass, 
 and that she will have to search fairies' heads, and whatever she finds, must 
 only say, " Pearls and diamonds." Then she will ask for sieve. They will 
 take her into room full of ugly and pretty hats, and ugly and pretty dresses, 
 and will ask which she would like. She must choose the ugliest of each. 
 When she is leaving, they will tell her not to turn when ass brays, but when 
 she hears f-^/rr/^mrw. — (3) Heroine follows these ir structions. She chooses 
 worst hat and dress, and gets the best Fairies give her sieve, and start her. 
 She turns when cock crows, and gets star in middle of her head. Step- 
 mother tries to tear it off, but it grows the larger and brighter. — (4) She sends 
 her own daughter fur the sieve. Girl meets same old woman, who gives 
 exactly the same instructions. Stepsister reaches fairies' house ; breaks glass 
 stair ; insults fairies when searching their heads j chooses best hat and dress, 
 and gets worst ; is told not to turn when cock crows, but when ass brays ; 
 does so, and gets ass-tail on brow. The more mother cuts it, the longer it 
 grows. — (5) Stepmother sends heroine on menial errands ; tires her out, and 
 ill-treats her, hoping she will die. She is sent to buy some pike. One of 
 them says, when she is about to kill it: "Don't kill me ! Throw me into 
 the fountain !" Heroine takes it to fountain in garden. — (6) King comes 
 every day to look at heroine, and one day tells stepmother that, whether she 
 will or no, he means to marry her. He will have to go on a journey of 
 many months after he has given the ring. Stepmother says he must order a 
 carriage of iron, so that heroine, who is delics^te, shall not fall ill through 
 exposure during the journey. King orders such a carriage, and it is ready. 
 
256 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 (7) — After the wedding, when they go to palace for refreshments, heroine re- 
 members the pike, and runs to the fountain, calls it, and says good-bye. 
 Pike bids her take it thence, and throw it into lake. She does so, and re- 
 turns to king.— (8) Stepmother hides own daughter under a tub ; then tells 
 heroine that when they have driven a little way, she must say she wants to 
 get down for a moment. They leave the palace. Heroine says she wants to 
 alight, and king has carriage stopped. Stepmother gets out too, takes 
 heroine to the tub, tears out her eyes, lifts up tub, puts her inside,^ and gives 
 the eyes into her hand, saying, " Here, put them in your pocket." She takes 
 ugly daughter, who was under tub, and puts her in the carriage. She is 
 scarcely inside, when all the cats behind carriage begin : 
 
 ** Miaou, miaou, miaou ! 
 Poor Beauty is in the tub now. 
 The ugly girl rides in the carriage ; 
 The devil has got her in marriage." 
 
 King says, "Go with the cats, and see what is under the tub." Mother will 
 not. — (9) Servants go, raise the tub, and find poor heroine with her eyes out. 
 She asks servants to lead her to the stream that she may wash the eyes there. 
 Pike says : "Wash yourself thus, and put your eye in its place ; now do the 
 same to the other side, and your sight will be restored." Her eyes are all 
 right. Pike says : *' When you turn back, take those two apes, your step- 
 mother and stepsister, and, at my order, have them put into the tub, and let 
 no one come to their aid. Then return and fetch me, and, when you get 
 home, put me in the fountain in your garden." Heroine returns to carriage. 
 Prince is surprised to see the servants returning with the bride herself, and 
 remarks, "One bride in the carriage, and one in the road?" Heroine says, 
 ** Before I get in, grant me a favour, your Majesty. Have those two wicked 
 women taken, and put under the tub where they left me; I can have nothing to 
 do with you else." — (lo) They are put in the tub, which is closed with pad- 
 lock that none may rescue them. Heroine fetches pike, enters carriage, and 
 off they go. King understands now why cunning stepmother insisted on iron 
 carriage. Had it been of glass he would have seen that she wanted to palm 
 off her own daughter. They reach palace, amid rejoicings of the people. — 
 (11) Heroine puts pike in fountain, and every day goes to talk with it. When, 
 after some years, it dies, she puts it under glass shade, surrounds it with pre- 
 cious stones, and keeps it in the best room. 
 
 240 Ibid., pp. 195-201. No. XIV. 
 
 " La Bella e la Brutta." 
 
 (i) Widower, with one daughter, marries again, and has another daughter. 
 Stepmother ill-treats heroine ; sets her spinning- task. One day gives her 
 pound to spin before evening, or she will get no supper. — (2) Heroine goes 
 
 See note 41. 
 
IMBRIANI. 257 
 
 out weeping. Meets old woman, who, hearing of her trouble, tells her to go 
 to wood, where she will find a cow, and say to it : 
 
 " With your mouth spin, spin, away, 
 With your horns wind, wind, I pray. 
 I will pluck you sweetest hay." 
 
 By evening heroine brings home flax all ready spun and wound. — (3) Next 
 day stepmother sends own daughter, giving her only half-a-pound of wool, of 
 which she does not spin a quarter. — (4) Day after she sends heroine again 
 with two pounds to spin. She meets same old woman, who bids her say 
 same words to cow in the wood. She returns at night with task done. Next 
 day she gets three pounds spun in same way. — (5) Then stepmother gives her 
 shirt to sew, and if not finished by evening, she will get no supper. Old 
 woman sends heroine to wood to say to cow : 
 
 " With your mouth thread, thread, I pray, 
 With your horns stitch, stitch, away. 
 I will pluck you sweetest hay." 
 
 Stepmother is at a loss to find fault with her. — (6) Next day she sends her to 
 fairies for a sieve to sift flour for bread. Heroine knocks at door, and fairies 
 ask, '* Who is it?" "Friends." "Come softly; the stairs are glass." 
 Heroine takes off shoes to go more gently. Fairies say, '*Be so good as to 
 comb me. What do you find in my head?" "Pearls and diamonds." 
 *• Pearls and diamonds you will have. Kindly make my bed. What do you 
 find there ?" ** Gold and silver." ** Gold and silver you shall have. Do 
 me the kindness to sweep my house. What do you find?" "Rubies and 
 cherubs." "Rubies and cherubs you shall have." They then show her lots 
 of dresses, and bid her choose. She takes one of the worst j they give her 
 the most beautiful instead. Told to help herself to money in another room, 
 she takes three or four bad pennies ; instead of which they give her gold and 
 silver. They show jewel-case, and bid her choose pair of ear-rings, giving 
 her diamond pair instead of broken ones. They say, " When you get to the 
 bridge, turn round ; you will hear a cock crow." Heroine turns round on the 
 bridge when cock crows, and gets lovely star on brow. Stepmother tries to 
 remove star, but, if she cuts it with a knife, it reappears more beautiful still. 
 (7) Next day she sends own daughter, who, on being told to go softly upstairs, 
 makes as much noise as possible, and breaks all the stairs. " Comb me. 
 What do you find?" "Ticks and lice, you filthy people, you I" "Ticks 
 and lice you shall have. Make my bed. What do you find ?" " Fleas and 
 bugs." Such shall she have. "Sweep my house. What do you find?" 
 " Sweepings, and dirt, and filth, you horrid people ! " Such shall she have. 
 She chooses best dress, and gets worst ; fills her lap with money, which is 
 exchanged for three bad pennies ; gets the broken ear-rings instead of those 
 she chooses. They say, "When you get to the bridge, turn round; you will 
 hear an ass bray." She turns, and gets ass-tail on the top of her head. The 
 more mother cuts it, the more it grows, so daughter is uglier than ever. — (8) 
 One day king passes, and asks mother for a few apples from tree near house. 
 
 S 
 
258 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 She calls own daughter to pick some, but they keep stretching up out of 
 reach. King says, is there no one in house who can pick a few apples. Step- 
 mother says her other girl is fit for nothing ; is always amongst the ashes. 
 King has her called. Heroine dons dress the fairies gave, which rings like a 
 bell as she comes downstairs. Stepmother says, "Hark at that stupid 
 Cinderella ; she is dragging the shovel after her." King asks her to pick a 
 few apples ; tree bows down, and fills her lap in a minute. King would 
 marry her ; stepmother consents, and it is arranged that in three days carriage 
 shall be sent to fetch her. King sends outfit and seven rings. — (9) On wed- 
 ding morning stepmother dresses up own daughter, puts heroine naked inside 
 cask, and sets water to boil. King drives off with wrong girl, and cat runs 
 behind carriage, saying : 
 
 •* Miaou, miaou, miaou ! 
 In the cask is the beauty now ; 
 And the hideous, ill-tempered thing 
 Is driving away with the king. " 
 
 King heeds not, but cat follows mewing, and so annoys him that, at length, 
 he says, "Turn back." — (10) Then he finds heroine naked in cask, recognises 
 her, takes clothes off stepsister, puts her in cask, dresses heroine, and off they 
 go. — (11) Stepmother begins filling cask with boiling water ; daughter cries 
 out, ** Mamma, you are scalding me !" Stepmother says : 
 
 •• You are not a child of mine ; 
 My girl has a husband fine ; 
 Seven rings on her fingers shine." 
 
 Daughter screams again ; mother replies in same words. When she finds she 
 has killed own daughter, she fears to tell father. — (12) She dresses up 
 corpse, and sets her on chair by the door,^ with distaff beside her as though 
 she were spinning. Father comes along, and says, "What are you doing 
 there ? — always sleeping instead of working !" and gives corpse a blow which 
 knocks it down. Mother weeps, and says he has killed her child. — (13) Father 
 is imprisoned, and afterwards mother is found guilty and shot. 
 
 241 Ibid.^ pp. 202-207. No. XV. (This story, also called "Novella 
 de' Gatti", was contributed by Gherardo Nerucci, to whom it was 
 told by Silvia Vannucchi of Montale.) 
 
 " La Bella Caterina." 
 
 (i) Countrywoman has two daughters. Caterina is very beautiful, but 
 mother loves ugly daughter best, and tries all possible means to spoil 
 Caterina's beauty. At last she plots with ugly daughter to send Caterina to 
 
 See note 42. 
 
IMBRIANI. 259 
 
 get sieve from fairies, who are wicked, and will be certain to scratch her 
 face. She calls Caterina, tells her they must make bread, and there is no 
 sieve in house to sift flour ; she must go at once to wood, and ask fairies for 
 theirs. Caterina turns pale, dreading treatment of fairies, and begs mother 
 not to send her. Mother and sister are so unkind that fairies could not treat 
 her worse, so she goes. — (2) Entering the wood, she meets old man, who 
 asks why she looks so troubled. She tells all. She need not fear fairies ; he 
 will tell her what to do. "First tell me what is making my head itch?" 
 Caterina looks, and says, *'I see pearls and diamonds." "Pearls and 
 diamonds shall fall to your lot. When you get to fairies' house, knock, and 
 if they say, 'Put your finger in key-hole,' put in a stick, which they will 
 chop off. They will take you to room full of cats, some sewing, some spin- 
 ning, some making hose — all engaged in some work. Without being asked, 
 you must help each one to finish work. Then in kitchen you will see cats at 
 work ; help them likewise. You will presently hear the cat Mammone called. 
 Ail the cats will tell her what you have done for them. Mammone will ask 
 what you would like for dinner — black bread and onions, or white bread and 
 cheese. Say, ' Black bread and onions' ; they will give you the other. 
 Mammone will invite you to ascend crystal staircase. Be careful not to break 
 it. Afterwards, choose always the worst dress of those offered you." Heroine 
 thanks old man, and promises to obey. — (3) When door is opened to her she 
 asks for sieve. "We will give it you presently; come in and wait a bit." 
 When she sees cats at work, she says, " Poor little kittens ! Goodness knows 
 how it must hurt your claws ! Give it to me ; I'll do it." In two twos {in 
 quattro e qtiattr^ otto) she has finished each one's work. In the kitchen she 
 scrubs, sweeps, and puts all the furniture in order. Mammone is called j cats 
 say, " She did my cooking," *' She made my stockings," etc., etc., and bound 
 about the room in joy. Mammone asks what she would like to eat. " Give 
 me black bread and onions, I am not accustomed to anything else."-^ Cat 
 Mammone gives her white bread and cheese ; then invites her up glass stair- 
 case. Caterina takes off shoes so as not to scratch stairs. Offered choice of 
 dresses, she takes the worst, and brass instead of gold. Mammone tells fairies 
 to give her best dress and jewels set in gold. When she is arrayed like a 
 queen, Mammone says, *' Take the sieve and leave this house. If you hear 
 donkey bray, don't turn ; if cock crows, turn round." Caterina obeys. — 
 (4) She takes no notice when donkey brays ; when cock crows she turns, and 
 a shining star suddenly comes on her head. She reaches home, and mother 
 and sister are still more envious. — (5) Sister will visit fairies. Entering wood, 
 she also meets old man. " Where are you off to so joyfully ? " ** Mind your 
 own business." *'Go where you like, then ; I'll see you again to-morrow.' ' 
 She spoils fairies' door with her banging ; gets finger chopped off through 
 keyhole ; sees sieve on ground when door opens, and calls out in rage, " This 
 your sieve, you accursed people ?" Seeing cats at work, says, ** Confound you, 
 cats, what are you slaving for, you stupids?" and pricks one's claws with 
 needle, ducks another in boiling water, hits others over the ribs with broom 
 
 1 See note 43. 
 
 S 2 
 
26o CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 and spindle. Great uproar : cats dash about screaming with pain. Cat 
 Mammone appears, and hears what they have undergone. Quite seriously 
 Mammone says to ugly sister she must be hungry ; would she like black bread 
 and onions, or white bread and cheese? "You're a nice creature ! if you 
 came to my house you wouldn't be offered black bread and onions, and you 
 wouldn't have your finger chopped off. I'll take white bread and cheese." 
 They bring the other. She breaks the glass staircase from top to bottom ; 
 when offered brocade dress trimmed with gold pendants, or fustian gown with 
 brass pendants, chooses the former. They give her the latter. She leaves in 
 a rage. Mammone says, *' If cock crows, keep straight on ; if donkey brays, 
 turn round and you'll have a fine sight." — (6) Donkey brays ; she turns, 
 getting ass-tail on brow. She runs home in terror, screaming : 
 
 " Mamma dear, see ! 
 Mamma dear, see ! 
 The ass's tail has stuck to me." 
 
 (7) Meanwhile Caterina, still more lovely since visit to fairies, has been seen 
 by king's son, who falls in love with her, and obliges king to consent to his 
 marrying her. Wedding day is fixed, mother and sister not daring to oppose 
 king. — (8) But on wedding morning Caterina is put in cask and shut up in 
 cellar ; ugly sister is dressed in her clothes and jewels, and mother cuts off 
 ass-tail and binds her head up in a veil. When king's son and his court 
 arrive, mother says, " Here's your bride, lovely and apparelled." He is about 
 to take her hand, supposing it to be Caterina, when suddenly he hears a wail- 
 ing underground, and listening awhile, and ordering silence, he hears sung in 
 a plaintive voice — 
 
 ** Alack ! alack ! and well-a-day ! 
 
 In the cask the beauty is hidden away ; 
 
 The ugly sister is in the carriage, 
 
 The king is taking her in marriage." 
 
 King's son, suspicious, takes veil off girl, and discovers the deception. Ass- 
 tail has grown so much that it now covers her eyes. — (9) Prince finds 
 Caterina, takes her out of cask, and puts mother and sister in instead. He 
 orders a caldron of boiling oil to be poured over them, and takes Caterina to 
 palace and marries her. 
 
 307 Indian Antiquary. Bombay. Vol. xx (April 1891), pp. 142-47. 
 (" Folk-lore in Salsette," by Geo. Fr. D'Penha.) 
 
 " BApkhAd!." 
 
 (i) K gosanvt^ with a wife and six daughters has been in the habit ol 
 begging in his own neighbourhood from house to house, only collecting thereby 
 
 ^ An ascetic who goes about begging, smeared with ashes. 
 
INDIAN ANTIQUARY. 26 1 
 
 one ser of rice daily, barely sufficing for himself and family. One day he 
 goes begging outside his own village ; a woman pours into his hands some 
 rice boiling hot from the caldron, raising a big blister on his thumb. Return- 
 ing home, he bids wife take needle and break blister ; when about to apply 
 needle she hears a voice sapng : ** Father, if you break, break it carefully." 
 They are perplexed at this ; but same words are repeated each time she 
 attempts to open blister. Then she opens it with utmost care, and a little girl 
 comes out and walks about. Poor gosdnvi is unhappy at having seventh 
 daughter to maintain, but submits to fate. — (2) One day he bids wife make 
 somQpSle} She rejoins : *• How many />(>/<? will one sh' of rice make? At 
 any rate, they will hardly be ready before our girls will eat them up." Where- 
 upon gdsdiwi advises that girls be shut up whilst she makes them, and he and 
 she can eat them together. He goes off begging as usual ; wife shuts the girls 
 up in a room, and begins making p5lL When sounds of cooking a polA reach 
 the girls, one of them calls to mother, and makes excuse for getting out. 
 Mother lets her out, and she goes straight to kitchen and eats up the first pdld. 
 The same thing happens with all ihepSl^, for the dough will only just make seven. 
 Mother, not knowing what to say to husband, or what to give him to eat, 
 takes some ashes and makes two po/^, one for herself, one for him. He 
 returns, and they sit down to the meal. Gosdnvi is enraged, and makes wife- 
 explain everything. — (3) Then he says he must take the girls and leave them 
 in a forest, that they be no longer a burden upon him. Wife agrees, and that 
 evening he calls to girls to dress quickly, for their maternal uncle has asked 
 him to bring them to his house. They have never heard of their maternal 
 uncle before, but get ready and set out with father. He leads them on for 
 many hours through a torest, always replying to their inquiries that they must 
 go a long way further yet. When darkness overtakes them he says that they 
 must sleep that night in the forest. Girls, suspecting nothing, fall asleep. 
 Youngest daughter, who came out of blister, is in the habit of sucking father's 
 thumb when going to sleep, always waking when thumb is removed. The 
 gosdnvt is therefore obliged to cut off" his thumb and leave it in little girl's 
 mouth, whilst he goes away leaving them all asleep. — (4) Next morning girls 
 cannot find father, but, seeing his thumb in youngest sister's mouth, conclude 
 that she has eaten him, and henceforth name her Bapkhadi.^ They take it 
 from her mouth, thus waking her, and reprimand her severely; saying that 
 they intend to leave her to herself, they start off for another country. She 
 follows them till they find a large house with seven rooms in it, all vacant. 
 Each takes a room, finding in it plenty of food, clothes, and other necessaries ; 
 
 ^ Pdl^^ singular /^/<5, are made in the following way : — Ordinary rice and a 
 little quantity of another grain {metht, plural mtthid) are ground together. 
 The flour is made into dough with toddy and water, and allowed to remain 
 for a few hours. After this an earthen tdwd (platter) is placed on the oven, a 
 little oil rubbed on it (usually with a stick of the plantain leaf, after beating 
 it into the shape of a brush), and a little of the dough poured on it, which in a 
 short time makes a pdld, 
 
 2 B^pkhddi raeaxis literally "eater of the father". 
 
262 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 but B&pkhadi's room is the best, containing clothes and furniture of matchless 
 beauty, and having a stable attached. But she says nothing about it to sisters, 
 always remaining in the rags in which she had come. — (5) On Sunday 
 mornings the six sisters dress in their best and go to church to attend mass. 
 Before starting they always call to Bapkhadi to ask her whether she is coming ; 
 but she answers never a word. Nevertheless, she quickly dresses up in rich 
 silks with golden slippers, and goes to church on horseback, arriving before 
 her sisters. So, too, after mass she will get home first, and be standing at her 
 door, clothed in rags. Sisters, who have seen the beautiful girl, return and. 
 tell her what a sight she has missed through not going to church.— (6) One 
 day, whilst returning from church, Bapkhadi loses one of her slippers, and it 
 attracts the attention of the king's son, who happens to pass by. He picks it 
 up, and goes and throws himself down in his father's stables, thinking of the 
 owner of the slipper, and how he ran find her. Then he gives up eating and 
 drinking. King searches for him in vain throughout palace and all through 
 village. — (7) But king's maid-servants go to stables to feed the horses, and, as 
 usual, eat the grain and throw them the husks ; seeing which, the prince calls 
 out from hiding-place: "Oh, ho! is this how you feed the horses? No 
 wonder they get leaner day by day, while you grow stouter !" Hearing 
 prince's voice, the maid- servants fly like lightning to the king, and say : " Sire, 
 shall we tell thee one, or shall we tell thee two ?" King bids them say what 
 they have to say at once, and when they have related all, he goes to the 
 stables and speaks thus to prince: "What ails you, my son? Tell me 
 what you lack. If any has lifted his hands to strike you, I M'ill take his hands. 
 If any his legs to kick you, I will take his legs. If any has cast his eyes on 
 you, I will take his eyes." Prince replies that nothing ails him, nor has any 
 one harmed him. He grieves because he has found a golden slipper, and 
 knows not how to trace the owner, whom he must marry or die of grief. He 
 will touch no food or drink till he finds her. King comforts him, promising 
 to send in all directions to find the owner, and persuades him to go home and 
 take food as usual, — (8) Messengers are sent to try the slipper till they find 
 the owner, then to arrange for her marriage with prince. They seek through- 
 out the country, coming at length to the house of the seven sisters. The 
 slipper is tried on the six eldest, but fits none. Then they, for once, think ot 
 Bapkhadi, and bid the men try it on her ; and lo ! it fits her perfectly. — (9) 
 Arrangements are made, the day appointed for the ceremony, and Bapkhadi 
 is duly married to the king's son amid great rejoicings. Her six sisters are 
 invited to live in palace, but are made to wait on her as her maids. They 
 grow jealous of her. — (10) Presently prince determines to set out on distant 
 voyage, and fits out his ship. Before taking leave of B^pkh^di he calls her 
 sisters, and bids them tend her carefully, saying, that should a son be bom to 
 him, a shower of gold will fall on his ship ; if a daughter is bom, there will 
 be a shower of silver. He departs, and in due time B^pkhidi bears a son. 
 But her sisters bind up her eyes, and take the child and bury him alive under 
 a sdyd tree, and substitute in his place an drdnta.^ Bapkhadi little knows the 
 
 ^ A round stone used for grinding spices, . 
 
INDIAN ANTIQUARY. 263 
 
 trick that has been played her. A shower of gold falls on the prince's ship, 
 and, in his joy, he distributes sugar and other presents to his crew, and 
 hastens home. When the sisters show him the SrSntd he is grieved to the 
 heart, but remains silent. — (ii) Two or three years afterwards he again sets 
 out on a voyage, advising the sisters to take more care this time of his wife. 
 Bapkhadi again bears a son, and the sisters bind her eyes, and take away the 
 child, and bury it alive under an d'n'sd tree, substituting for it a b6vdtrd}- 
 Prince witnesses a second shower of gold ; again distributes sugar and other 
 presents, and hastens home, only to be disappointed once more. — (12) Another 
 two or three years elapse, and he sets out again, telling the sisters to exercise 
 great care this time. His wife bears a daughter, and the sisters bury the 
 child alive in the church, putting in its place a mSvdlt.^ This time there 
 comes pouring a heavy shower of silver ; the prince distributes presents, and 
 returns home. The sisters show him the mdvdlt, and also tell a lot of tales 
 against Bapkhadi. — (13) He is enraged, and casts her into a dark dungeon, 
 and takes the six sisters as his wives. Bapkhadi is also deprived of all her 
 clothes and jewellery. For food, the remains of fish^ and other leavings are 
 thrown to her. So matters continue for several years. — (14) Meanwhile, *' the 
 hand of the Almighty" has saved her three children, and they grow to be 
 from ten to fifteen years old, and live by begging. In their begging excur- 
 sions they are wont to say : *' Brother Saya from under the sdyd tree, brother 
 Ari>a'from under the dnsd tree, sister Deuku from the church, the king^ of 
 this country is mad ; he married seven wives ; he is our father." From 
 house to house they go, repeating these words, and at last reach the palace. 
 The prince hears, but cannot understand, and bids them repeat the words 
 over and over again several times ; then he tells one of the six sisters to give 
 them something in alms. The sisters conclude who the children must be, 
 but pretend not to know, and one of them offers alms. But children refuse 
 to take any. Each of the sisters in turn offers something ; but children will 
 take nothing at their hands. — (15) Prince is puzzled, and asks them for an 
 explanation, whereupon children say : ** Let your seventh wife, who is in the 
 dungeon, come out. Place seven curtains between her and us, and watch 
 what happens. Then you will come to know everything." Bapkhadi is 
 brought forth, and seven curtains are placed between her and her children. 
 Three streams of milk burst from her breasts, and, penetrating the seven 
 curtains, run into the children's mouths. Prince is astounded, and, at length, 
 makes sisters explain by revealing the whole story. Then he embraces the 
 children, and also Bapkhadi, asking her why she did not tell this story long 
 ago. She replies that, her eyes being bandaged, she knew nothing ; hence 
 
 ^ A broom made out of the reeds of the cocoanut palm-leaf. It is ordinarily 
 known as the " Goa broom". 
 
 2 A mdvdlt is another sort of broom made of the date palm-leaf. 
 
 2 It should be remembered that the Salsette Christians are fish-eaters. 
 They very seldom eat meat, except, perhaps, on Sundays and feast-days. 
 
 * By "the king" is here nieant ** the prince" of the tale. 
 
264 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 her silence. — (16) Prince orders children to be bathed and handsomely clad. 
 Bapkhadi is restored to her former position, and again clothed and covered 
 with jewellery. — (17) The six sisters are despoiled of all. Prince has their 
 hair and noses cut off, and they are then seated on donkeys, and banished 
 from the country. The donkeys gallop on for several hours, when sisters say : 
 "Donkey, donkey, which way?" Donkeys reply : ** On, on; for your 
 wrongs we have to suffer !" Prince, and his wife and children, live happily to 
 very old age. He succeeds his father as king. 
 
 219 Ipswich Journal^ "Suffolk Nates and Queries." Reprinted in 
 Longman's Magazme, February 1889, p. 441. (Told by 
 a Suffolk nurse to " A. W. T.") 
 
 " Cap o* Rushes." 
 
 (i) Rich man asks his three daughters how much they love him. First says, 
 "As my life"; second, "Better than all the world"; third says, "As fresh 
 meat loves salt." Last answer angers father, who drives youngest daughter 
 from home. — (2) She comes to fen, gathers rushes and makes cloak, which 
 covers her from head to foot, hiding her clothes. Inquires at house if maid is 
 wanted there ; she asks no wages, and will do any kind of work. Is engaged 
 to wash pots and pans, and is called Cap o' Rushes. — (3) Dance is given in 
 neighbourhood, and servants go to look on. C. feigns fatigue, and remains 
 behind. When other servants have started, C. doffs disguise and goes to ball ; 
 her master's son falls in love with her, and dances with her. She slips home 
 before other servants, puts on disguise, and pretends to be asleep. Next day 
 they tell her of beautiful lady who so attracted young master. Next night 
 there is another dance. C. again pleads fatigue, but afterwards goes as 
 before, and dances with young master. Returns home before other servants, 
 and gets to bed. Next day they tell her what she missed seeing.— (4) Same 
 thing happens a third time ; young master gives rmg to C, saying if he does 
 not see her again he will die. He tries in vain to find out what becomes of 
 her. — (5) At last grows ill, and has to keep his bed. Cook is ordered to 
 make gruel for him ; C. comes in, begs to be allowed to do it, and slips ring 
 into it. Young master finds ring and sends for cook, who at last confesses 
 that C. made gruel. C. is fetched, is questioned about ring, and finally 
 throws aside her disguise. — (6) Young master recovers, and marries C. Her 
 father is invited to wedding, but no one knows who C. is. She tells cook to 
 dress all dishes without salt. Guests cannot eat the tasteless fare. — (7) C.'s 
 father, after trying every dish, bursts into tears, explaining that he once 
 drove his daughter from home for saying that she loved him as much as 
 fresh meat loves salt, and she may be dead by now. C. makes herself 
 known. 
 
IVE. 265 
 
 IvE, Dr. Antonio, Saggi di Dialetto Rovignesi. Trieste, 1888. 52 
 Pp. 54-58. (Narrated by Maria Puschia, aged twenty-one.) 
 
 " El Pumo de Uoro e la CoNQAgiENARA" (The Golden Apple 
 and the Cinder-Girl). 
 
 (i) A woman has two daughters; is indulgent to the elder, but ill-treats 
 the younger, who must stay always by the fire, and is called Conga 9ienara. 
 One day mother and elder daughter go out. — (2) Mother gives heroine two 
 pounds of wool to spin, saying she will be beaten if it is not done. Heroine 
 goes to goat in the stable, and says she is in despair, for mother has given her 
 two pounds of wool to spin, and she knows not how. ** Don't despair," says 
 the goat ; "put it on my horns. I will spin it for you." Heroine takes the 
 spun wool to her mother, who next day gives her three pounds. Goat again 
 spins wool, and heroine takes it home rejoicing. "Just look, mother ! I have 
 spun this too." But sister says, " Don't believe her, mother ; it was the goat 
 that spun it." — (3) Mother is very angry, and resolves to kill the goat. 
 Heroine goes to tell it. ** Let her kill me. You take my entrails {irnpa) and 
 wash them by the sea-shore. A golden apple will fall out. Put it in your 
 pocket and go home." Goat is slain, and heroine does as bidden. Sister 
 tells mother that she has seen heroine wash the entrails and put the apple in 
 her pocket. The apple is thrown on to the dust-heap.— (4) In the evening 
 mother and elder sister go to the theatre, telling heroine to bide at home and 
 tend fire. When they have started, gaily dressed, heroine goes to the apple 
 and says : 
 
 '* Apple-tree, beautiful apple-tree,^ 
 Despoil your branches now for me ; 
 Make me a lady fair to see ; 
 Dress me as splendidly as can be." 
 
 And out of the apple springs the most lovely dress. She dons it and goes to 
 the theatre ; mother does not recognise her. Everyone wants to dance with 
 her, because she is so lovely. When the dance is over she slips away un- 
 noticed. One of the gentlemen runs after her, but cannot catch her. She 
 goes to the apple and says : 
 
 '* Apple-tree, beautiful apple-tree. 
 Despoil the lady fair to see ; 
 Deck your branches instead of me," 
 
 and is dressed as she was before. Mother returns, and talks about the lovely 
 lady with whom all wanted to dance. Heroine remarks, "Perhaps I was 
 
 ^ This is the only allusion to a tree having sprung from the gold 
 apple. 
 
266 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 there myself," and is taunted with being always by the fire instead. — (5) Next 
 evening all happens as before. Heroine says to apple : 
 
 ** Apple-tree, beautiful apple-tree, 
 Despoil your branches now for me ; 
 Make me a lady fair to see ; 
 Fairer than yesterday let me be," 
 
 and a still finer dress springs out. Sister calls mother's attention to lovely 
 lady at ball. As soon as the dance is finished heroine runs away. Gentle- 
 man runs behind her, but drops his stick ; whilst he stoops to pick it up she 
 rushes home and says same words to apple. Mother returns, and talks of 
 the lovely lady, who looked still more beautiful than formerly, and again 
 taunts heroine with having seen nothing. Heroine says, *' Perhaps I was 
 there myself." — (6) Next night everything the same. Heroine says same 
 verse as on first night, and gets the most splendid dress of all. She leaves 
 directly dance is finished, and, in her haste to escape gentleman who follows 
 her, she drops a shoe as she runs downstairs. She says same words to apple, 
 and is clad as before, and sits by fire. Mother returns with same taunt. — (7) 
 Meanwhile, the gentleman who picked up shoe goes about crying, "Who 
 has lost a shoe?" Elder sister goes to balcony to see who calls, and, on 
 being asked, tells gentleman she has lost shoe. She tries to get it on, but it 
 is too small. " Wait, whilst I go and put on my thin stockings," she says ; 
 but, instead of doing so, she chops off her toes. Still the shoe does not fit. 
 Gentleman asks if she has not a sister, and she says No. — (8) But he goes 
 inside and finds her, and says, "Lady, have you lost a shoe?" Heroine puts 
 it on, and it fits her perfectly, whereat sister is very angry. He says he will 
 marry heroine. She goes to apple and says same verse as at first, and is 
 made more splendid than on any former occasion, but is without one shoe. 
 She returns to the house, and sister exclaims at her loveliness. Gentleman 
 gives her the shoe ; she puts it on, and he takes her to his palace. 
 
 53 Jahrbuch fur romanische und englische Liter atur. Leipzig, 1870. 
 Vol. xi, pp. 354-57, Cyprische Mdrchen, by Felix Liebrecht. 
 (Translated into German from third volume of Kv-n-piaKa, by 
 Athanasios Sakellarios.) 
 
 " ASCHENBRODEL." 
 
 (i) Old woman has three daughters. She loves the youngest most; the 
 other two, being jealous, try to get rid of mother by some means. They go 
 together on to the roof of the house, taking their spindles : the first to break 
 her thread is to be eaten by the others. Mother is old and weak, and it is 
 her thread that breaks. She begs for one more chance, but her thread 
 breaks once more, and again a third time. Then elder daughters seize her ; 
 and, seeing they are in earnest this time, mother calls youngest, and bids her 
 collect all her bones when sisters kill and eat her, put them in a vessel and 
 
JAHRBUCH. — JANSON. 267 
 
 smoke them for forty days and forty nights, without losing sight of them for 
 one moment; then open the vessel, and see what has happened to them. 
 Heroine weeps, and promises to do mother's bidding. — (2) Sisters kill and 
 eat mother, inviting heroine to share the feast, which she declines to do. 
 Then she collects bones unknown to sisters, makes big fire, and sits day and 
 night watching them being smoked. Sisters cannot persuade her to leave 
 fireside and go out. When forty days are over, and sisters are out, heroine 
 opens vessel and finds bones have turned to gold and diamonds. — (3) Sisters 
 are invited to a wedding, and ask heroine to accompany them. She declines ; 
 but, as soon as they have started, she opens vessel, takes out beautiful dress, 
 and hies to the wedding. No one knows her ; prince is much struck, and 
 attempts to follow her home. In her haste to escape she loses a shoe, and 
 cannot wait to pick it up. — (4) Prince takes it and sends for a pedlar- woman, 
 who is to take shoe from house to house and try it on everyone. In this way 
 she comes at length to the three sisters. Elder sisters try it in vain, then 
 heroine, whom it fits perfectly. — ($) Old woman goes straightway to tell 
 prince, who makes preparations for wedding without delay. — (6) Immediately 
 after ceremony, bride takes two or three servants from palace to fetch 
 contents of vessel. Sisters marvel at sight of wealth therein, and ask where 
 she got it. ** These are our mother's bones, and her blessing." Then she 
 gives them a share, and takes remainder to palace. 
 
 Kristofer Janson, Folke-Eventyr^ uppskrivne i Sandeherad. 289 
 Kristiania, 1878. No. Ill, p. 13. (In Norse dialect.) 
 
 " KoNGSDOTTERi I Haugen" (King's Daughter in the 
 Mound). 
 
 (i) Heroine's mother dies, and the king, her father, marries a witch with 
 one daughter. Stepmother will not allow heroine to marry prince, but 
 sends her far away into forest to live seven years in underground cave. — (2) 
 A lime-tree forces its roots into cave, and heroine ties gold and silver thread 
 round them. A horse chased by wolves puts a leg through the roof of cave ; 
 a wolf following, falls through the hole ; heroine lays hold of wolf's bristles and 
 is drawn out. — (3) A brown horse stands without, mounting which heroine rides 
 to castle, where witch's daughter is about to marry prince. Heroine is allowed 
 to help in the kitchen. — (4) On the wedding-day witch's daughter bears 
 a child in stable, and heroine must go to church to represent bride, whose 
 portrait alone prince has seen. Amazed at heroine's beauty, prince gives her 
 a glove, strictly bidding her keep it herself. Heroine asks for her own horse 
 to ride, and says to prince, "Note carefully what I say to-day.* When 
 they have ridden some distance, she says : 
 
 ** Be steady, young horse, let your pace be less wild ; 
 In the stable at home the bride bears a child." 
 
268 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Prince listens, wondering. They pass the lime-tree, and heroine says : 
 
 " Thee, lime-tree, I once more behold ! 
 Thy roots beneath are twined with gold." 
 
 Reaching the cave, she adds : 
 
 '* Here in the mound full seven years long 
 Did no one ask me for a song ; 
 And then a horse I found above. 
 Years past, I won a prince's love. 
 On a wolfs back have I ridden. 
 And now to honour I am bidden." 
 
 They come to a gate which is slamming to and fro, so that none can pass ; 
 bride says : 
 
 " Stand open, gate, 
 
 Handsome and fair ; 
 
 King Finn, my father. 
 
 Placed thee there." 
 
 — (5) When they return home, the witch's daughter is arrayed as bride, and 
 heroine goes into the kitchen. Prince asks bride for the glove. She says she 
 has forgotten it, and goes into kitchen to get it ; but heroine will only give it 
 up to prince. Witch's daughter is to walk in front, and heroine is to stretch 
 out her gloved hand from behind her. — (6) But prince holds the hand fast, 
 and will not release it. — (7) He marries heroine, and witch and her daughter 
 are driven to the forest and thrown into the cave. 
 
 290 ^.Y^PM^.DanskeFolkeceventyr. 1879. P. 34. No. III. (From 
 
 Sealand.) 
 
 " KoNGEDATTEREN I Hojen" (The King's Daughter in the 
 
 Hill). 
 
 (i) Old king, having only daughter, Sandine, adopts a nephew, Henry, to 
 succeed him, and to marry Sandine. They swear eternal love. A wicked 
 sorceress entices old king to marry her. War breaks out ; old king dies, 
 declaring Henry his successor. — (2) Wicked queen and her daughter Laurette 
 plot to get rid of Sandine. They dig a chamber in a mound, entice Sandine 
 with her seven faithful maidens to drive to see it, and when they have entered 
 chamber, slam the door behind them, burying them alive. One of the servants 
 had thrown some victuals into mound before they entered. Later on a wolf 
 scrapes a hole into the chamber, and brings them daily a large piece of meat. 
 One of the girls dies every year, and is buried beneath the chamber-floor. — 
 (3) When seven years have passed, heroine digs herself out with her knife, the 
 wolf helping her by scratching from outside. When set free she faints^ and is 
 carried by wolf deep into the wood. — (4) Ragged and helpless, she is here 
 
kamp. 269 
 
 ound by poor charcoal-burner's wife, who succours her. — (5) Then, calling 
 herself Maria, she goes to castle, where they are wanting spinning-maid, and 
 gets engaged as such. Henry, on returning from war, has been told that 
 Sandine had died ; and her grave in churchyard is shown. Laurette tries to 
 ensnare him, and at length their marriage is arranged. The spinning-maid 
 works in castle, and presently becomes seamstress. — (6) As wedding-day 
 approaches, king wants Laurette to do some work to prove her ability. First, 
 she must weave. She cannot ; heroine does work for her, exchanging dresses 
 with her before doing last yard, the blinds being drawn ; for king wishes to 
 see bride finishing work. Secondly, Laurette must hem a shirt, and king will 
 see her sew the last letters of his name. Again Sandine does the work, sitting 
 for the last hour in Laurette's dress in a dim room. Thirdly, she must show 
 her horsemanship, and, being unable to ride, she persuades heroine to wear 
 her dress and take her place, being closely veiled, on the plea that the sharp 
 wind hurts her eyes. Sandine rides with king, who is charmed with her. — 
 
 (7) The night before the wedding, Laurette, being ill, sends for heroine to take 
 her place. Sandine consents, but, lying awake that night, thinks sorrowfully 
 on her love whose bride she will be, but who will never be her husband. 
 Suddenly she hears a cuckoo outside her window, and asks what it says : 
 
 " Do you guess, do you guess. 
 What Laurette carries 'neath her dress ?" 
 
 (8) Next morning, dressed as bride, heroine accompanies king to church. 
 The cuckoo sits in a tree, calling. **Why do you sing, my cuckoo ?" says 
 heroine. Cuckoo answers : 
 
 *• To go to church she is not able, 
 The wicked bride sits in the stable ; 
 She leaves her new-bom babe in danger, 
 Setting it down beneath the manger." 
 
 King asks what she is saying. " I said nothing, most gracious sir !" When 
 she descries the mound, heroine whispers : 
 
 ** Desert drear ! oh, desert drear ! 
 Seven hapless maids lie buried here. 
 In darkness we lingered, and none save I 
 Lived to behold again the sky." 
 
 She is again asked what she says. They pass a pond where a duck and 
 a drake are lying with their ducklings. Heroine says : 
 
 * ' You, duck, may live happily with your mate ; 
 But I return home to be desolate !" 
 
 Same question from king, same answer. As they enter the church, heroine 
 
 says : 
 
 " This beautiful church did my father rear ; 
 Sandine was to stand at the altar here. 
 Henry, the name of my bridegroom dear ; 
 Ah, that he ever, as now, might, be near !" 
 
270 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Same question, same answer. They are married, and king puts gold ring on 
 her finger. — (9) They return, and heroine changes dress with Laurette, who 
 in the evening, while dancing with king, is asked what she had said to cuckoo, 
 etc., etc. She makes excuses, and every time must go to question Maria the 
 seamstress. At last king takes Laurette's hand and asks where ring is. Sandine 
 will not give this up. Laurette tries to get it by force, and while they are 
 struggling backwards and forwards, king appears, recognises Sandine, whom 
 he had believed dead, and claims her. — (10) The wicked queen and Laurette 
 are rolled to death in a barrel stuck with nails. 
 
 169 YxiYLKA^P^ncn, Serbian Folk-tales. Berlin, 1854. No. XXVIII. 
 y3 (Translated into German by Wilhelmine Karajich.) 
 
 How AN Emperor's Daughter was Turned into a 
 Lamb. 
 
 (i) Emperor's dying wife gives him a ring, enjoining him to marry no one 
 whose left forefinger it will not exactly fit, lest evil befall him. After her 
 death, messengers search the kingdom in vain, and afterwards the entire 
 world, but no one is found whom ring will fit. In despair, emperor flings 
 ring away j it bounds from the ground into daughter's lap. She puts it on 
 forefinger, and shows how exactly it fits. Father is struck dumb, and when 
 daughter's tending restores him, he tells her of vow. — (2) She at first thinks 
 him out of his mind, but, convinced to the contrary, she resolves to die, seizes 
 a knife, and stabs herself through the heart. — (3) Father sends for enchan- 
 tress, who bids him stand at daughter's head, and blow his flute from dawn 
 till eve. Emperor obeys, and has scarce begun to blow, when daughter stands 
 up. He then makes preparations for wedding on the morrow. — (4) Daugh- 
 ter hearing this, seizes father's sword and cuts off left hand, then bums right 
 hand in fire. Next morning, when all is ready for wedding, servant tells 
 emperor he has seen daughter handless. — (5) Emperor rushes to see, then 
 sends for enchantress, who gives him a herb, and scarcely has he touched 
 stumps with it when hands grow as before. — (6) He guards her, lest she do 
 herself further injury ; and, as she paces through the rooms, she sees in a 
 comer of the house a wand of pure gold, on which is written in letters of 
 blood, ** Touch me not." Full of curiosity, she takes staff in her hand, and is 
 instantly transformed into a lamb, and runs bleating through castle. Emperor 
 is told, and sends again for enchantress, who confesses she can do nothing. 
 He consults several other wise women, but they cannot remove spell, and so 
 emperor remains unmarried. The lamb is always with him, and is petted 
 and loved. At his death the lamb dies too. 
 
KARAJICH. 271 
 
 Ibid. No. XXXII. 54 
 
 " ASCHENZUTTEL." 
 
 (i) Maidens who are tending cattle sit spinning round a pit. Old white- 
 bearded man warns them if one should drop her spindle into pit, her 
 mother would be transformed into a cow. They move nearer to pit in their 
 curiosity to look over, and youngest maiden accidentally lets spindle fall. On 
 reaching home, she finds her mother is a cow. Heroine tends cow, and 
 drives it daily to pasture with others. — (2) Some time after this her father 
 marries widow with one daughter. Stepmother ill-treats heroine, who is 
 more beautiful than her own daughter, and makes her a drudge. One 
 morning she gives her a whole sackful of flax to spin and wind into a ball by 
 evening, or not venture home. Heroine spins all the while as she follows 
 cattle, but at mid-day weeps in despair at little progress. Cow, her mother, 
 comforts her, saying she will chew the flax, then a thread will come out at her 
 ear, which heroine can wind into ball. So it happens. When heroine takes 
 large ball of wool to stepmother she is astonished, and gives still more flax to 
 be spun next day. — (3) When this is also done, she gives heroine more again 
 third day, and sends stepsister secretly to spy who helps her. — (4) Then step- 
 mother persuades father to slay cow. Heroine is in great distress at this, 
 but cow comforts her, and bids her eat none of the flesh, but collect all bones 
 and bury them under a certain stone behind house, and, when in trouble or 
 need, to come to grave for help. This is done. Heroine's name is Mara, 
 but, because she has to do all the dirty work of the house and hearth, she is 
 nicknamed Aschenzuttel.— -(5) One Sunday, before going to church with her 
 own daughter, stepmother scatters large bowl of millet all over the house, 
 and threatens heroine if she has not collected it all and cooked dinner by 
 their return. Heroine weeps, and goes to mother's grave. There she sees 
 large chest full of costly dresses, and two white doves perched on lid tell her 
 to choose dress and go to church whilst they perform tasks. Everyone m 
 church is astonished at her beauty, the emperor's son especially. At the close 
 of service heroine hurries home, returns dresses to grave, when they vanish, 
 and finds dinner ready and grain sorted. — (6) Next Sunday stepmother 
 scatters still more millet, and all happens as before; and also on third 
 Sunday, when prince follows heroine from church and picks up shoe, dropped 
 in her haste to escape. — (7) Prince goes from house to house trying shoe, 
 but it will fit none. Stepmother hides heroine under trough when prince 
 arrives, and says she has no daughter besides the one who cannot wear shoe. 
 Cock flies on to trough and cries "Kickeriki, the maiden is under this 
 trough." " Devil take you !" says stepmother. — (8) But prince raises trough 
 and finds heroine in same clothes she wore last time at church, but with no 
 shoe on right foot. Prince recognises and marries her. 
 
^yi CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 170 Patrick KENNf:DY, Fireside Stories of Ireland. 1875. 
 
 Pp. 81-87. 
 
 "The Princess in the Cat-skins." 
 
 (i) A queen was left a widow with one daughter. She married again, and 
 her husband ill-treated her, and she died. The widower thereupon proposed 
 to marry the daughter. — (2) She being troubled at such a shocking offer, went 
 into the paddock where her filly was grazing. The filly told her she was the 
 fairy that watched over her ever since she was born ; that her stepfather was 
 an enchanter, but that she could baffle him, and that the princess was to say, 
 in reply to the request, that she must first have a dress of silk and silver 
 thread that would fit into a walnut- shell. The procuring of this dress^kept 
 the enchanter for a full half-year, and when he brought it, the princess went to 
 consult the filly. She thereupon asked him for another dress of silk and gold 
 thread. This was at last procured, and she then (having previously consulted 
 the filly) demanded a dress of silk thread thick with diamonds and pearls, no 
 larger than the head of a minnikin-pin — ** three is a lucky number," she ex- 
 claimed. — (3) On the evening this came home, she found on her bed a dress 
 of cat-skins. This she put on, and taking her three walnut-shells, she went 
 to the filly, who was ready harnessed, and away they went. They stopped 
 at the edge of a wood, where the princess alighted, and slept at the foot of a 
 tree. — (4) She woke up to find half a hundred spotted hounds yelling like 
 vengeance. A fine young hunter leaped over their heads, and kept them at 
 bay, and then came to the princess. Although disguised in her cat- skins, and 
 her face and hands brown as a berry from a wash she had put on herself, he 
 was struck with her beauty, and led her to his palace, for he was the young 
 king of that country. — (5) He told his housekeeper to employ the young girl. 
 She went into the servants' -hall, and resisted all attempts at familiarity by the 
 other servants, keeping to herself so much they gave her the office of helping 
 the scullery-maid. The next day the young king sent for the new servant to 
 bring him a basin to wash in and a towel, and the prince delayed her with 
 questions, striving to ascertain her rank. This caused jealousy in the other 
 servants, and Cat-skin was told to do everything for them. — (6) Next night 
 the prince was at a ball, and the princess, getting leave to retire early, but not 
 being able to rest, stepped out on the lawn to get air, and saw her filly under 
 a tree. The filly told her to take out her first walnut-shell, and •' hold what's 
 inside over your head"; and the silk and silver dress immediately fitted on 
 to her. She then mounted the filly and rode to the ball. The glitter of her 
 robes was like the curling of a stream in the sun. The prince fell in love 
 with her, but she would not let him see her home, but only help her in the 
 saddle. — (7) Next morning he asked that Cat-skin should bring him hot water 
 and towel to shave, and he recognised the same features as the princess at the 
 ball, but she wouldn't talk beyond "yes" and "no". — (8) After a week there was 
 another ball, and same thing took place, the princess appearing in the dress 
 of silk and gold thread, with gold crown on her head. The prince was up to 
 
KENNEDY. — KHUDYAKOV. 573 
 
 his eyes in love with her. She bantered him about his talking so pleasantly, 
 and said she had heard he talked to his servant-maid dressed in cat-skin. He 
 declared that the girl was very much like the princess, except for her brown 
 skin, and the princess pretended to be offended, and declared she must go. 
 He tried to mollify her, but she only said if she forgave him she would come 
 to the next ball without invitation. Arriving home safely, she took the upper 
 hem of her dress, which came off like a glove. — (9) The next morning he 
 sent for Cat-skin to bring up a needle and thread, to sew a button on his 
 shirt-sleeve. He noticed her small and delicate fingers, but she would only 
 reply to his observations that it wasn't proper for him to talk so, and repeat it 
 to princesses and great ladies. — (10) The third night came, and she shook the 
 dress of silk and pearls and diamonds over, and the nicest crown of the same 
 on her head. He asked her at the ball to be his queen, and she said yes, if 
 he would not ask Cat-5-kin the same question next day. As she was going, he 
 slipped a downy limber ring of gold upon one firger. It was so small he ^ 
 thought she wouldn't feel it, and by it he would recognise her again. — (11) 
 The next morning he sent for her to choose a suit of clothes for him, as he 
 was going to be married. Upon her asking who it was he was going to marry, 
 he replied it was herself. She had promised she would marry him if he knew 
 her the next time they met. This was the next time, and he knew her by his 
 ring on her fourth finger. She asked him to go into the next room for a 
 minute, and then appeared in her dazzling dress of silk and jewels. — (12) 
 They were married forthwith. 
 
 Khudyakov, Velikorusskiya Skazki (Tales of Gt. Russia). Mos- 55 
 cow, i860. Part I, p. 51. No. XV. (Noted at Kasan.) 
 
 "Zamarashka" (= a dirty person). 
 
 (i) Merchant has three daughters ; the youngest is stupid. He is going to 
 the fair, and asks what gifts he shall bring them j all choose dresses. The 
 youngest is always by the stove, inside the copper for washing the linen. — (2) 
 The czar gives a ball ; heroine stays at home. Her godmother appears to 
 her (as in Perrault), and asks if she would like to go too. She dresses like 
 her sisters, strikes the table with her wand, causing first a coachman, then 
 a carriage to appear, and goes to ball, where sisters do not recognise her. 
 Czar asrks her name, but she will not ttU it. At eleven o'clock (godmother 
 has said nothing about midnight) she returns home, soils her face, and sits in 
 the copper.— (3) A II happens the same next day. Zamarashka is dressed in 
 gold; her shoe sticks in the pitch. — (4) Search is made for the owner. 
 Elder sisters cut off their toes. — (5) Czar marries heroine. 
 
2 74 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 171 /^/^., Part II, p. 68. No. LIV. 
 
 " Perenovoe Chudo" (The Wonder of Wonders). 
 
 ( I ) Old man's wife dies, after giving him a ring, and saying he must marry 
 whomsoever it fits. He wanders about the world with it, but it fits nobody. 
 He returns home, and lays it on the window-sill. — (2) His daughter puts it on 
 her finger, and shows father that it fits her, whereupon he says he must marry 
 her. She objects, but in the end is obliged to submit. — (3) She asks father 
 to have a bedstead made. There is a secret drawer contrived in it, into which 
 she gets, and he cannot find her. The bedstead is sold to Prince Ivan, who 
 puts it in his own room. Food is brought to the prince, and when he leaves 
 his room, heroine comes out and helps herself to i*^. — (4) On one occasion he 
 hides, and when she comes out, surprises her. He clothes her in the dress 
 which is called ** The Wonder of Wonders", and tells his mother every time 
 she takes food to give some to the girl. — (5) Prince goes out hunting. His 
 mother entirely forgets the Wonder of Wonders, and she is left standing in the 
 comer of the room. Heroine doffs the wonderful driess, and runs away. — (6) 
 She comes to an oak by a well, and climbs up it. Hard by there lives a 
 woman who makes sacramental wafers. She has three daughters, and she 
 sends the eldest to draw some water. The girl goes to the well, and, seeing 
 the reflection of heroine in the water, ^ exclaims, *' How lovely I am ! I 
 shan't fetch water any longer, " throws down the bucket, and returns. Mother 
 sends second daughter, and the same thing happens. Then the third daughter 
 is sent, and she returns home. — (7) After that, mother herself goes to the oak, 
 and, seeing heroine, bids her come down. Meanwhile, Prince Ivan returns 
 home, and finding that the girl has gone, falls ill with grief. — (8) As soon as 
 heroine hears of his illness, she makes him a wafer with an impression of her 
 ring on the top of it. Prince eats it, and feeling much better, asks whence it 
 came, and sends for some more. — (9) They bring him more, and he notices 
 the device, and asks for the ring with which the impression was made, then 
 sends for the person to whom the ring belongs, and marries her. 
 
 172 Ibid.^ Part 11, p. 70. No. LV. 
 
 ■ " Mashka Soplivka" (Mary the Smutty-nosed). 
 
 (i) Queen has son and daughter. Before dying she gives a ring to son, and 
 says he must marry whomsoever it fits. He travels about the world with it in 
 vain, and, returning home, lays it on the window-ledge. — (2) Sister puts it 
 on, and, seeing that it fits her, brother says he must marry her. — (3) She runs 
 away, and gets inside a hollow oak-tree. Some gentleman's children are 
 playing near, and their dogs, seeing the girl in tree, begm to bark. — (4) 
 
 ^ See note 44. 
 
KHUDYAKOV. — KLETKE. 275 
 
 Boys pull her out, and take her to their parents. She leaves her clothes-box 
 inside the tree. She says her name is Mashka Soplivka. She lives there with 
 the family.— (5) One day, vfhen the master is going to a feast, heroine asks 
 him to take her with him. Instead of complying, he hits her with his boot. 
 As soon as he has started, she asks permission to go to forest to gather mush- 
 rooms. She hies to the hollow tree, gets from her box a carriage and horses, 
 and drives to the ball, where she will only speak to her master. He asks her 
 name, and she says " Boot". Then she leaves, returns everything to the box 
 in the tree, and brings some mushrooms to her mistress. — (6) Next day master 
 is again going to ball, and Mashka asks him to take her. At that moment he 
 is wiping his face with a towel, and he strikes her with it. Heroine repairs to 
 the forest as before ; and, when asked her name, says "Towel". — (7) On the 
 third day, when Mashka asks master to take her, he is standing before his 
 looking-glass ; he throws it at her, breaking it to pieces. Heroine goes with 
 his child to the ball, having fetched things from tree as before. When asked 
 her name, she says ** Looking-glass". Child inquires what kind of looking- 
 glass, and heroine says the same as his father broke. They return to the 
 oak-tree. — (8) Master's son marries heroine. 
 
 [NoU. — In No. LXXXni (_idid., Part ill, p. 11), Czar, ;before dying, gives 
 son a ring, and bids him only marry one whom it will fit. Prince travels in 
 vain quest of bride, returns home, and lays ring on table. Sister fits it on, 
 and brother says he must marry her. She makes him build her a house on 
 sea- coast, and thence escapes by aid of fisherman, who conveys her across the 
 sea. She dwells in hollow tree in forest, feeding on berries. Her clothes wear 
 out, and she is at length succoured by some old women who are gathering 
 mushrooms.] 
 
 Dr. H. Kletke, Mdrchensaal. Marchen aller Volker fiir Jung 66 
 und Alt. Berlin, 1845. Vol. i, pp. 149-63. (Taken from 
 d'Aulnoy.) 
 
 *'FlNETTE ASCHENBRODEL." 
 
 (i) King and queen, reduced to poverty, sell by degrees all their pos- 
 sessions, and determine to live by making nets for catching fish and birds. 
 Queen insists they must get rid of their three daughters, whom they cannot 
 afford to keep. King laments. — (2) Youngest daughter, Finette, overhears 
 them arranging to take children a long way off and desert them, and runs to 
 her godmother, the fairy Merlusche, who lives in a distant grotto. She 
 takes butter, eggs, milk, and meal to make godmother a cake. On the way 
 she is very tired, and sits do\yn and cries. Horse with diamond trappings 
 bows his knees before her ; carries her to godmother, whose hair she combs, 
 and from whom she receives ball of thread, by means of which she can find 
 way home when mother deserts her, also a sackful of gold and silver clothes. 
 Heroine rides home on magic steed.— (3) Next morning mother takes three 
 daughters a long way, then leaves them asleep : heroine stays awake. Sisters 
 flatter her, and promise gifts if she will take them home. Mother thinks she 
 
 T 2 
 
276 Cinderella variants. 
 
 sees their ghosts when they return. Sisters are unkind to heroine, instead of 
 keeping their promises. — (4) All happens again as before. This time god- 
 mother gives heroine sack of ashes with which to make trail, and tells her 
 not to bring sisters home with her ; but she does so. — (5) Having disobeyed, 
 heroine does not like to visit godmother again. Elder sisters fill their 
 pockets with grain to make trail, and are quite contented. Heroine carries 
 her sack of clothes and diamonds. Birds eat grain, and sisters cannot find 
 way home. — (6) They are hungry, and want to eat acorns heroine has found, 
 but she plants them instead. Oak-tree grows ; elder sisters try to mount it, 
 and it bends to the ground with them. Heroine climbs tree frequently to 
 spy. Once, meanwhile, sisters open her sack, take out contents, and fill it 
 with stones. Another day heroine descries from tree-top a lovely house with 
 jewelled walls. Next night, whilst heroine sleeps, sisters put on her lovely 
 dresses, and will not restore them to her, but jeer at her. — (7) They set out 
 for the house, knock at the door, which is opened by a hideous old woman 
 with one eye in the middle of her forehead. She is fifteen feet high and 
 thirty feet round. Her husband is a cannibal, but she will let them live for 
 three days. They try to escape, but she brings them back, and, meaning to 
 keep them for her own eating, puts them under a large tub. — (8) Her 
 one-eyed cannibal husband is six times her size, and when he speaks the 
 house trembles. He carries basket containing fifteen children, whom he 
 devours like eggs. Wife persuades him to spare three sisters, saying she 
 wants them as servants. Heroine says she can cook ; makes huge fire, puts 
 butter in oven, and tells cannibal to lick it with his tongue to test if oven is 
 hot enough. He is pushed in, and burnt to death. — (9) Heroine tells 
 giantess that proper dressing would make her look beautiful. They begin to 
 comb her hair, and heroine chops off her head. Sisters rejoice. They find 
 all sorts of treasures in the house. — (10) Elder sisters go to ball, leaving heroine 
 at home to cook and scrub. She finds little gold key among the ashes, tries 
 it in all the doors, and opens little chest full of costly dresses and treasures. 
 Next day, when sisters are out, she dresses in these and goes to ball. Tells 
 hostess her name is Aschenbrodel. She gets home before sisters, and, when 
 they talk of the lovely lady at the ball, she murmurs, "That was I."— (ii) 
 This happens again several times, till one day, in hurrying home, heroine 
 loses a pearl-embroidered shoe, and cannot recover it in the darkness. Next 
 day it is found by prince out hunting, who preserves it lovingly, and falls ill : 
 doctors cannot cure. — (12) Prince will wed only one who can wear shoe. 
 Many try ; amongst them, sisters go to palace. Heroine follows them, 
 gorgeously dressed, and riding godmother's magic steed, which she has found 
 at the door. Sisters recognise her as she overtakes them ; they get covered 
 with mud and dust. Prince, on seeing her, feels ceitain shoe will fit her. 
 It slips on her foot, and he claims her as his bride. — (13) She relates her 
 history, and it is found that her father was former possessor of this throne. 
 She will only marry when he is restored to it. Sisters are kindly received. 
 Magic steed is sent to bid godmother find heroine's parents, who a»e restored 
 to their kingdom. Sisters marry princes. 
 
KLETKE. — KOLBERG. 277 
 
 Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 320-30. No. XXIV. (Taken from Wiener 
 Gesellschafter, by An. Schumacher. Wien, 1833.) 
 
 " D' Ganslhiaddarin." 
 (The original of Grimm's version, No. 218, f. v.) 
 
 O. KotBERG, Lttd. Radomskie (the People, Province of Radom). 58 
 Cracow, 1887-1888. 2 vols. Vol. ii, pp. 172-75. (Taken 
 down at Grocholice, near Opat6w.) 
 
 " Kr6lewna swinski-kozuszek" (The Princess with the 
 Pigskin-Cloak). 
 
 (i) Queen, who is very beautiful, has a stepdaughter still more lovely than 
 herself. The mirror is always telling her so. — (2) Heroine has rooms and 
 gorgeous attire in an oak-tree. Every Sunday she decks herself and goes to 
 church, — (3) One day stepmother mixes sand and poppy-seeds together, and 
 bids heroine separate them. Two pigeons perform task whilst heroine goes to 
 church. — (4) Same thing happens next Sunday. — (5) Queen orders servants 
 to kill heroine in forest, and bring back her heart and her middle finger with 
 ring on it. Servants kill dog instead, and take its heart, cut the finger oft 
 a corpse they meet with, put princess's ring on it, and return to queen. — (6) 
 The two pigeons appear, give heroine a ball of thread, which unwinds of 
 itself and conducts her to her oak-tree. She enters the rooms (which^belong 
 to the Virgin) and prays. Virgin sends her to seek service. — (7) She becomes 
 swineherd, and clothes herself in pigskins. — (8) On Sunday she dresses 
 herself gorgeously in the oak-tree, and goes to church. The prince is puzzled 
 about the unknown beauty. This happens three times. — (9) The prince is 
 passing the herds of swine, and drops his ring ; heroine picks it up and hands 
 it him; he gives her a box on the ear for her boldness. — (10) On fourth 
 Sunday heroine's shoe is caught in the pitch. Pcince is again passing the 
 pigs, and loses his stick. Heroine picks it up, and receives a slap on the 
 shoulders. — (11) The shoe is tried, and it is found to belong to pigskin-girl. 
 Prince kneels before her, and asks whence she comes. Once she replies, 
 '* From the ring," and the next time she says, ** From the stick."— (12) 
 Prince marries her. — (13) Stepmother asks mirror whether there is any woman 
 in the world more lovely than herself. Mirror replies, "Yes; and she b^^S 
 just been married," Queen faints with vexation. 
 
278 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 67 O. KoLBERG, Lud. Kieleckie (the People, Province of Kielce). 
 1885-1886. 2 vols. Vol. ii, pp. 239-41. 
 
 " The Mysterious Lady of the Fir-Tree." 
 
 (l) Stepmother never allows heroine to go to church. — (2) Once, whilst 
 she is minding the cattle in the forest, a lady comes out of a fir-tree,^ gives her 
 magnificent clothes, and promises to mind herd whilst she goes to church. — 
 
 (3) A gentleman is greatly struck with her, but she twice escapes him by 
 throwing behind her some soap and threads, which produce a mist. (The 
 soap had been given her by the fir-tree lady, who is probably ihe Virgin.)— 
 
 (4) Gentleman caufes tar to be spread, and heroine loses a shoe. Search is 
 made for heroine, whom stepmother hides on stable-roof. Cock betrays the 
 secret. [Here the story branches off into another direction, probably through 
 confusion with some other tale. J 
 
 173 O. KoLBERG, Lud. Krakowski (the People, Province of Cra- 
 cow). Vol. iv, pp. 56-60. 
 
 "Kr6lewna Kocie oczy" (Princess Cat's-eyes). 
 
 (i)-Princess, whose father seeks her in marriage, possesses five dresses: 
 one of cat's-eyes; a second like the sky; third like ihe stars; fourth like the 
 moon; and fifth like the sky. — (2) She takes service with king, and wears in 
 ordinary the cat's- eye dress, wherefore she is called Cat's-eyes. — (3) On 
 Sundays she wears the other dresses to church, and king's son falls in love 
 with her. — (4) He has search made for her; and, when he falls sick from love, 
 she brings him food and makes herself known. — (5) He marries her. 
 
 242 KoRNEL KoYLOWSKi, Lud. Warsaw, 1867. No. Ill, pp. 300-4. 
 "Story of a poor Girl who became Queen." 
 
 (i) A certain woman has a daughter and a stepdaughter. She takes great 
 ■care of the former, but ill-treats heroine, making her tend the cattle, and 
 keeping her very short of food, — (2) Amongst the cattle is a young bull, and 
 whenever heroine is hungry, she cries : 
 
 " Little bull, come to me ! 
 Open ! oak-tree, 
 On a hinge of gold." 
 
 "Whereupon the young bull rushes to the oak-tree and begins butting it. Then 
 the tree opens, and heroine finds inside everything she wants.— (3) Step- 
 
 ^ See note 7. 
 
KOYLOWSKI. 279 
 
 mother is much surprised that heroine can live without food, and sends her 
 own daughter to mind the cattle in order to see how she would manage. 
 Stepsister has once heard heroine call to bull, and therefore does the same. 
 But instead of butting the oak-tree bull knocks her about with his horns. In the 
 evening she drives cattle home, and bitterly complains to mother ; whereupon 
 mo'her sells bull to the Jews (butchers) for them to kill him. — (4) When 
 heroine hears of this she weeps bitterly, and takes the bull some food for the 
 last time. When bull sees how she pities him, he bids her cease crying, and 
 adds, "as soon as the Jews have killed me, ask them for my paunch, wash it 
 carefully, and you will find something." Heroine does as bidden, and finds a 
 golden apple. She has to cress some stiles on her way home, and doing so, 
 lets fall the apple, which is lost in the grass. She seeks for it in vain. — (5) 
 On the following day she comes again to the spot to search for the apple, and 
 to her amazement finds a beautiful apple-tree laden with apples. She takes 
 some to eat and lives on them. — (6) One day prince is passing by, smeUs the 
 apples, and orders his footman to get him a few. Servant cannot pick any, 
 for each time he tries, apple-tree and apples rise up out of reach. He reports 
 to prince, who says it is impossible. ** Let Your Royal Highness go and see !" 
 He goes, but likewise fails to pick apples. Near the tree is the stepmother's 
 hut. Prince calls for someone there to come and pick him some apples. 
 Stepmother immediately dresses her own daughter as finely as possible, and 
 sends her to prince. When she tries to pick the apples, up goes the tree. 
 Same thing happens when stepmother tries, whereupon prince says, ** Is there 
 nobody else in your hut ?" * ' No, Your Highness, only a pigskin !" Prince 
 says she is to come and try to pluck apples. — (7) As soon as heroine ap- 
 proaches tree it comes down, its boughs descend, and she picks the apples for 
 the prince. He takes heroine by the hand, puts her in his carria'ge, and 
 drives home. The apple-tree leaves the ground and follows carriage. — (8) 
 Prince marries heroine, and they have a child. One day prince goes hunting, 
 and heroine asks leave to visit her stepmother. When stepmother sees her 
 she begins to ask what sort of rooms she lives in, what servants she has, what 
 dresses, and what kind of cradle for the child. Having learnt these par- 
 ticulars she kills heroine, puts her clothes on her own daughter, and sends her 
 back to the king. On the spot where heroine is buried the apple-tree plants 
 itself and dies. — (9) Some time afterwards there is a knocking at night at the 
 palace window, and a voice says — 
 
 •* Cook, cook ! 
 Open the little window here 
 That I may suckle my baby dear. 
 Are the dogs in the kitchen asleep all right? 
 Is my spouse with that infamous woman to-night ?" 
 
 The cook answers that the dogs are asleep, but that the master is not with the 
 sham wife. Then he opens the window and sees a woman enter, take the 
 child from the cradle and suckle it. On the second night the same thing 
 happens. Then cook reports to king. — (10) Third night king will not go to 
 bed, but says to cook : *• Get under the chair; as soon as you have opened the 
 
28o CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 window and she has entered, seize hold of her plait of hair and twist it round 
 your wrist." Cook does as bidden, and when he has her by the plait, he calls 
 out, ** Become as you were before." Upon this the woman begins to struggle 
 violently to get free, then turns into the most horrible reptiles, then into birds, 
 then into cattle, then into dogs, in short, into all manner of horrible shapes. 
 At last she changes into her original self, just as she was when stepmother 
 buried her. — (ii) Inquiries are made into the whole matter ; the judges send 
 for stepmother, and ask her what would be proper punishment for a woman 
 guilty of such crimes.^ She says that such a woman should be torn in pieces 
 by iron harrows, and her daughter's hands should be cut off. This sentence 
 is executed upon herself and her daughter. Heroine lives for ever happy. 
 
 243 Ibid.^ pp. 304-9. Variant of the foregoing. 
 
 (i) Heroine has to spin flax and mind sheep. — (2) In the flock is a black 
 lamb, which comes up to her every day, and says, ^* Little maiden, give me 
 a piece of bread-and-cheese." She does so, and for this he spins her flax for 
 her, and everything goes well with the flock. In the evening, heroine is able 
 to take home an enormous q lantity of spun flax. — (3) One day stepmother 
 keeps heroine at home, and sends her own daughter to mind the flock. She 
 gives her very little flax to spin, but a large portion of bread- and- cheese. The 
 black lamb asks, ** Give me a piece of bread-and-cheese, little maiden." 
 *' Certainly not," says the girl, " or there would be none for me." The black 
 lamb turns away. Suddenly some wolves rush out of the forest, kill some of 
 the sheep, and drive the rest away. Only the black lamb remains. Girl 
 takes it home, and asks mother to have it killed. — (4) Following day step- 
 sister refuses to tend black lamb, so heroine is sent. Stepmother gives her a 
 large quantity of flax, and says, as she has only one sheep to watch, she can 
 do the more spinning. She gives her less bread-and-cheese than usual. When 
 heroine reaches the field, she bursts out crying. Little black lamb asks why. 
 '* Because they are going to kill you." **Oh, don't cry! When they have 
 killed me, take my paunch, clean it, and there you will find a little knife and 
 fork. Stick the knife in one window, the fork in the other." *' Very well," 
 says heroine. Meanwhile, all the sheep that were yesterday worried by the 
 wolves return — not one missing. — (5) In the evening heroine takes them all 
 home ; nevertheless, stepmother and her daughter kill black lamb. Heroine 
 does as directed, finds knife and fork, and sticks one in each window. Fol- 
 lowing day she finds an apple-tree in one window, a pear-tree in the other. — 
 (6) Prince passes, and wishes to buy some of the apples ; his footman tells 
 stepmother, who dresses her daughter as finely as possible, and sends her to 
 the prince. When she attempts to pick the apples, they all rise up out of 
 reach. She tries to get some pears, with same result. — (7) Meanwhile, step- 
 mother puts heroine into a tub. Suddenly a cock flies on to the wall, crying, 
 
 ^ Seenote^^. 
 
KOYLOWSKI. — KRAUSS. 28 1 
 
 " Kukuricku ! kukuricku ! the girl whose apples these are is under the tub." 
 Prince orders servant to find girl, and she is brought forward. She picks the 
 apples and pears quite easily, and gives them to prince, but will not accept 
 the money he proffers. — (8) He is so smitten with her beauty, that he takes 
 her home in his carriage. The two trees follow them. Prince marries 
 heroine. They have a golden-haired son. — (9) One day, during prince's 
 absence, heroine visits stepmother. As soon as she arrives, stepsister says, 
 " Come, sister, let us go for a walk." She stabs heroine in the side with a 
 bradawl, and dresses herself in heroine's clothes. She cannot get on heroine's 
 shoes. Her mother takes a knife and cuts a piece off her heels, then 
 forces shoes on. Stepsister takes child, and goes to palace. Neither prince 
 nor servants are aware of the deception, but child cries continually. — (10) One 
 evening a woman comes to the palace, and says : 
 
 *' Cook, cook ! 
 
 Are you with that wicked wretch ? 
 Give me my little baby boy. 
 That I may suckle him." 
 
 Cook is surprised, but takas child to the woman, who presently says : 
 
 •* Cook, cook ! 
 Are you with that wicked wretch ? 
 Take away my baby boy. 
 For I have suckled him." 
 
 Cook returns child to cradle, and it is immediately quiet, and goes to sleep. 
 Prince hears nothing at night, because his supposed wife always covers him 
 over with a pall. — (ii) But cook tells him all that has happened, and prince 
 says that as soon as the woman comes again, cook must come and pull the pall 
 off him. Somebody is to hide in a barrel close to the window, and directly 
 the mother has suckled the child, and is about to depart, they must seize he 
 and drag her back. All this comes to pass. Prince recognises his own true 
 wife, who relates all that has befallen her. — (12) He asks false wife what she 
 would do to a woman guilty of just such crimes. ** She ought to be torn to 
 pieces," she answers ; and that is just the treatment she receives. 
 
 Friedrich S. Krauss, Sageii und Mdrchen der Siidslaven. 174 
 Leipzig, 1883-84. Vol. ii, p. 339. No. CXXXVIII. 
 
 *' VoM Kaiser, der seine eigne Tochter heirathen wollte." 
 
 (i) Empress has a star on her brow, and her daughter has the same mark. 
 Emperor swears to his dying wife that he will only marry a lady with star on 
 brow. — (2) As no one can be found, he resolves to marry his own daughter. 
 An old woman counsels heroine to demand first from father a silk dress made 
 by himself, and so thin that it can be kept in a nutshell. After this she asks 
 for a silver dress in a nutshell, then for a gold dress in a nutshell ; lastly, for 
 
282 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 a dress made of mouse-skins. They are all provided, and the wedding-day is 
 fixed. — (3) Then princess, prompted by old woman, demands a water-tub 
 and two white ducks. She wants to take a bath before wedding. She locks 
 her door, dons the mouse-skin dress, puts the ducks into tub of water, and 
 escapes through the window. Emperor, hearing the ducks splashing, thinks 
 daughter is still bathing. At last the door is broken open ; the bride has 
 flown, and is sought everywhere. — (4) Meanwhile, heroine has taken shelter 
 in a hollow tree. A prince from another kingdom, who is out hunting, dis- 
 covers heroine, and takes her home with him as goose-girl. She is called 
 Aschenbrodel by the servants. — (5) There is a ^ grand ball; heroine dons her 
 silk dress, and enters ball-room. Prince dances with her ; asks whence she 
 comes. "From Boot-town," she says, and goes away. — (6) At the second 
 ball she appears in silver dress, and says she comes from " Legen-grad" ; at 
 the third ball, in golden dress, from *• Sword-town". — (7) Prince puts a ring 
 on her finger. She manages to leave unobserved. Prince can nowhere find 
 " Sword-town" ; falls sick with love. — (8) He wants some boiled milk. 
 Heroine asks leave to boil it, pretending she has dreamt that prince will re- 
 cover after taking a drink prepared by herself. The cook gives permission ; 
 heroine (Jrops ring into the milk-jug ; prince finds ring, and sits up, ordering 
 the cook to be fetched. Cook at last confesses that Mouse-skin boiled the 
 milk. Prince jumps up, runs to the kitchen, tears the mouse-skin dress off 
 heroine, compels her to don the gold dress, and presents her to his parents. 
 — (9) He marries her. She bears twins, boy and girl, the latter with star 
 on brow. — (10) Heroine visits her father, who receives her joyfully. The old 
 woman is honoured ; the minister who would have allowed king to marry 
 his daughter is beheaded. 
 
 59 Kristensen, Danske Folkeceventyr, optegnede af Folkeminde- 
 samfundets Medlemmer, og udarbejdede af E. T. Kristensen. 
 Viborg, 1888. No. VIII, p. 57. (Written down by the wife of 
 the wheelwright, Niels Pedersen, Zealand.) 
 
 " Den LILLE GuLDSKo" (The little Golden Shoe). 
 
 (i) Heroine has stepmother and stepsister. She is made to tend cattle far 
 from home. Stepmother bites her off three mouthfuls of bread. — (2) At 
 dinner-time heroine cries with hunger, and a large red bull asks why, and 
 bids her find a good dinner in his right ear. Next day stepmother bites her 
 off only two mouthfuls of bread, and the third day only one. — (3) Bull feeds 
 her as before, and on third day proposes her flight with him. — (4) They come 
 to copper-forest, where, spite of bull's warning, heroine breaks off a twig. 
 A copper bull is fought and overcome. — (5) Same thing happens in silver, 
 forest : silver bull is overcome. — (6y In gold-forest the bull is slain by gold 
 bull. Heroine cuts off bull's right ear, as bidden, and by means of this she 
 can obtain anything she wishes. — (7) She takes service in the castle kitchen, 
 and may go to church if she has suitable dress. *' Darkness behind me, and 
 
KRISTENSEN. 
 
 283 
 
 light before," she says, having taken costly dress from bull's ear. — (8) Her 
 master sees her in church, and sends man-servant to ask whence she comes. 
 " From Water-land," she says ; for her master had thrown a jug of water at 
 her. — (9) Next Sunday she says, "from Comb-land", and on the third 
 Sunday, "from Towel- land"; and, as she is leaving the church, the servant 
 gets one of her golden shoes. — (10) A great feast is held, that the shoe may 
 be tried. Kings and princes arrive with their daughters, who cut their heels 
 and their toes, but all in vain. — ( 1 1 ) At last a little bird sings : 
 
 " They can't get on the 'shoe, altho' 
 They cut their heel and cut their toe. 
 The little girl in the kitchen there 
 Alone the golden shoe can wear." 
 
 Heroine is at length called, and, having taken from the bull's ear a golden 
 dress, a golden carriage, and six white prancing horses, she comes driving to 
 the door, and demands her golden shoe, which, of course, fits her.— (12) Her 
 master marries her. 
 
 E. T. Kristensen, Eftersicet HI Skattegraveren (1890), p. 144, 60 
 No. 107. (From the Danish Island of Falster.) 
 
 "Guldskoen" (The Golden Shoe). 
 
 (i) Heroine is ill-treated by her stepmother, who has a daughter of her 
 own. Father likes to rest when he returns home tired of an evening, and does 
 not comfort heroine. — (2) It is said in the town that whoever would pass 
 a night in the church would have great good luck. Stepmother means her 
 daughter to try for it, and gives her plenty of warm clothes and a pot of 
 "sweet porridge" [i.e.., made of unskimmed milk), and sends her. Step- 
 sister feels hungry in church, and begins eating her porridge — "Cluck, 
 cluck." Fromjthe choir a hen and quite a number of chickens come hopping 
 up to her. The hen, clucking and scraping, looks up at her; but, when 
 they come too close, she drives hen and chickens away, and goes on com- 
 posedly eating her porridge. Just as she has finished, a dreadful noise and 
 a horrible voice are heard outside : " Come, open to me and my gilt shanks !" 
 Girl, frightened out of her wits, asks hen what to do. Hen says : 
 
 •* All the porridge you ate. 
 And then licked the plate. 
 You must go your own gait !" 
 
 Again the awful voice is heard ; something enters the church-door with 
 a tremendous noise, comes up to the girl, and gives her half-a-dozen boxes on 
 the ear. She swoons away ; next morning goes home, and tells mother all 
 that has passed. — (3) Heroine must try her luck, and is sent to church with 
 water-porridge. She begins to feel hungry. Hen and chickens appear, 
 clucking. •* Perhaps they are hungry, too !" she says, and she shares her 
 
284 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 poor fare with them, scattering some on the ground. The noise and the 
 horrible voice are heard. ** What am I to do, my little hen, my tiny chicks?" 
 " Go and open the door," says the hen. At last heroine takes courage and 
 opens the door. Outside there is a tall, slim person with gilt legs, who says : 
 "Come, I'll show you something lucky," and takes her to the altar, where 
 he raises a flag-stone, and draws from the hole a pot filled with money, 
 saying, "Take it, preserve it, never speak of it : the time will come when 
 you may want it." Then he vanishes. Next morning heroine goes home, 
 but tells nothing. — (4) The old king dies, and the prince, his successor, seeks 
 a wife. In the royal family they have a beautiful small golden shoe, and it 
 is the custom, when a queen is wanted, to seek a girl who can wear this shoe. 
 Stepmother wants her daughter to be queen, but her foot is too large. 
 A small bird in a tree warbles, 
 
 " A toe you'll cut, a heel you'll pare. 
 And then the golden shoe may wear." 
 
 Stepmother takes an axe and a huge pair of tailor's scissors. Her daughter 
 groans. "You must suffer if you want to be beautiful, you know," urges 
 the mother. The blood is staunched, and the shoe put on. Presently king 
 discovers the trick by the dripping blood, and he drives her away. — (5) 
 Heroine can wear the shoe ; and, as she wants a dowry, she fetches her 
 treasure from the church, and does not come to the king empty-handed. 
 They are married. 
 
 175 E. T. Kri^tensen, Jyske Folkeminder. V. Kobenhavn, 1881. 
 yEvenfyr fra Jylland. No. IV, pp. 38-45. (Told by Niels 
 Pedersen in Mejrup, Jutland, to Mr. Kristensen.) 
 
 " Den rode Ko" (The Red Cow). 
 
 (i) King promises dying queen he will only marry a woman whom her black 
 gown fits. Queen dies, and the gown fits nobody. — (2) King's servants and 
 his daughter want to try it, and wait till king has gone to bed. It fits the 
 daughter. King, hearing boisterous laughter, surprises them. He declares 
 he will marry his daughter. — (3) In despair, she goes to drown herself, and 
 meets old woman, who, hearing her trouble, advises her to demand, as con- 
 dition of marriage, a gown made of crows' bills. Father must produce it 
 within twenty- four hours. Should he succeed in procuring it, heroine must 
 go to stable and tell red cow. Heroine does as bidden. Lots of crows are 
 shot, the gown made ready, and the wedding-day appointed. — (4) Heroine 
 goes weeping to stable, and red cow asks what is the matter ; then bids her 
 fetch her gown, return and loose her, and get on her back. Cow carries 
 her off. Presently cow bids her rise up to spy ahead. Heroine sees some- 
 thing sparkling like copper. Cow says, "It is a copper forest ; in it is a 
 bull. If you gather one single leaf, the bull kills me." Heroine cannot 
 resist temptation to pluck a leaf. Instantly the bull appears. " Get off my 
 
iCRISTENSEN. 285 
 
 back", says the cow ; "we must fight.'* They fight the whole day, and the 
 cow is victorious. After that they rest a day, then proceed. — (5) They come 
 to a silver forest, where there is a bull twice as strong. The same words 
 and incidents follow. They fight two days, rest two days, then proceed. — 
 (6) Next they come to gold forest, where there is a bull thrice as strong as 
 the last. Heroine plucks a leaf, spite of warning. They fight three days ; 
 the cow wins. They rest three days, then proceed. — (7) The fourth time 
 heroine is told to look ahead, she says, " I see something like a green 
 bush." Cow says thither they are bound. A green hill is there, where cow 
 will remain whilst heroine goes to neighbouring palace, to take situation as 
 cook. — (8) The following Sunday, whilst all are at church, heroine visits red 
 cow, who tells her to put on crows'-bill gown, take the copper-leaf, and go to 
 church. She must be sure to leave first, throw copper- leaf behind her, and 
 say, "Light before me, darkness behind me !" Cow will do her kitchen-woik 
 till she returns. Everybody in church looks wonderingly at heroine. She 
 throws the copper-leaf behind her, and vanishes. When people return, they 
 find her in her cook's dress before the hearth. — (9) Next Sunday everything 
 happens as before. She takes the silver leaf. The king's sou is at church, but 
 misses her. — (10) The third Sunday she throws the gold leaf, but the prince, 
 having watched her, catches her shoe as she runs away. All the ladies of the 
 court assemble to try the shoe, some cutting their heel and some their toe, 
 but all in vain. — (11) At last queen inquires for the cook, and she is brought. 
 The shoe fits her, and prince asks whether she was at church those three 
 Sundays. She says yes, and goes to don her crows'bill gown. — (12) Then 
 they all recognise her, and the prince would wed her, and is overjoyed to 
 learn that she is a real princess. Her father is invited to the wedding. 
 
 i 
 
 Ibid. Tale No. V, p. 45. (Told by Gjode Petersen, Orre, 61 
 
 Jutland.) 
 
 " Den LILLE GuLDSKo" (The little Gold Shoe). 
 
 (i) Man and woman have three daughters. The father, before dying, 
 distributes his property, giving to eldest daughter the farm, to the second all 
 his money, and to the youngest a little dog and a lime-tree in the garden. 
 Little dog says, "Take us; you will not repent it." — <2) Mother and elder 
 daughters go to church next Sunday, but abuse heroine, and tell her to stay 
 at home. She weeps, and the little dog comforts her, saying, "Don't cry ! 
 you shall go to church, whilst I sweep the floor with my tail, cleanse the 
 tubs with my tongue, and stir the pot with my foot. Go to the garden, 
 knock at the lime-tree, and you'll get the finest dress you ever saw. Step 
 into the grQ l d# R chariot which will come for you, and say, 'Light before me, 
 mist behind ! Nobody sees whence I come ! ' " Heroine does as bidden, 
 and gets black silk dress, black gloves and shoes, and drives to church in 
 
286 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 black carriage drawn by black horses. ^ She arrives late, during the sermon ; 
 everyone looks at her, and the king's son sees her, too. Service ended, she 
 repeats magic formula and gets away. Mother and sisters return and find her 
 sitting in her rags, and tell her of the beautiful lady in church. — (3) Next 
 Sunday she gets a white dress, white carriage, and white horses, and sits in 
 her mother's pew. King's son cannot take his eyes off her ; but she escapes 
 as before, and all that afternoon he ponders how he may get hold of her. — (4) 
 Peter the swineherd hears him muttering, and says, " What will you give me 
 if I teach you how to catch the lair bird ?" Prince gives him a good box on 
 the ear. ''All right," says Peter; "that's good pay. Now I'll tell you 
 what to do. Put tar on the floor, and you'll get her shoe." — (5) Prince goes 
 to church next Saturday night, and paints the pew where she sat with tar. 
 Next Sunday heroine gets a yellow carriage and yellow horses, and a golden 
 ring, a golden diadem, and gold shoes. She loses a shoe in the church, and 
 the prince seizes her hand in the porch and retains her ring as she vanishes. 
 — (6) King makes proclamation that prince will wed whomsoever the gold 
 ring and gold shoe fit. Numbers make trial ; some can wear the ring, and 
 some the shoe, but none can wear both. Heroine's mother and elder sisters 
 come to try ; but the shoe is too small. They return home, cut off their 
 heel and their toe, putting a tobacco-leaf on their wounds, and try again ; 
 but in vain. — (7) A magpie, sitting on the garden-wall, sings, "They cut 
 their heel and cut off a toe, but the maid whom the golden shoe fits sits at 
 home." — (8) Prince sends for heroine, who arrives in an old felt hood and 
 a ragged gown, with clumsy wooden shoes. He is in dreadful consternation, 
 and wishes her far away, but shoe and ring fit her. Magpie proclaims her as 
 the right maid, and she tells all to the prince. — (9) Then she goes back to 
 lime-tree for her yellow carriage, and the prince marries her. The lime-tree 
 is removed to palace, and always gives everything she requires. The little 
 dog foil jws her. 
 
 62 ^bid. No. VI, pp. 51-57. (Told to Mr. Kristensen by Miss Kr. 
 Madsen, Fastrup, Jutland.) 
 
 " AsKENBASKEN, DER BLEV Dronning" (Cinderella who became 
 
 Queen). 
 
 ( I ) Heroine is ill-treated by her stepmother, who has two daughters of her 
 own, and is made to sit on the hearth and rummage in the ashes ; wherefore 
 she is called * * Askenbasken" (louse of the ashes). She is clad in rags, 
 whilst stepsisters look like ladies. — (2) There is to be a ball, and father, who 
 is going to town to buy finery for stepsisters, asks heroine what she would like. 
 
 ^ First Sunday mother and elder daughters go to church to mourn. Dressed 
 in black, they take their seats in the pew nearest the wall, and do not rise 
 when the G-^spel is read and the "blessing pronounced. The custom may still 
 be seen. — F. 
 
KRISTENSEN. 287 
 
 She chooses a rose-tree with roots, and though surprised at choice, father brings 
 it her. During the night heroine plants it on mother's grave and waters it 
 with tears. Every evening a white dove sits cooing in the bush when she 
 comes. — (3) Heroine asks leave to go to ball, and stepmother, not liking to 
 refuse outright, throws plateful of pease into the ashes, saying she may 
 accompany them if she has gathered up every single grain. Whilst heroine 
 is rummaging for the pease, white dove knocks at the wmdow, and when 
 heroine opens it, dove flies in with a crowd of birds, and they pick up the 
 pease in less than no time. Stepmother again refuses to let heroine go to 
 ball, and throws quite an apronful of pease in the ashes, and she must gither 
 them first. Stepmother and stepsisters start, and heroine goes weeping to 
 mother's grave. There sits the dove cooing, "Cheer up ! go home, and 
 you'll find a beautiful dress ; put it on, go to the ball ; but return before step- 
 mother and stepsisters." She goes, and king dances with her all nig it. 
 Stepmother, offended because king does not dance with her daughters, goes 
 home early. Seeing this, heroine leaves hurriedly. She asks stepmother how shi 
 enjoyed herself. " What's that to you, lagimutfin ?" (4) Next day everything 
 happens as before. ( Task not mentioned.) Heroine goes weeping to mother's 
 grave, and dove gives her a new dress. King dances with her all the night, 
 and stepmother, still more offended, leaves early. Heroine tears herself away 
 from the king and runs home. Upon asking whether they enjoyed themselves, 
 heroine gets more abusive language, and is called '* Askepidsker".^ (5) There 
 is a third ball, which heroine attends in gown like pure gold, and gold shoes. 
 She wears goloshes to keep them clean. She runs home as before, but in her 
 haste loses a gold shoe. She is agam abused at home. — (6) King travels 
 throughout the country, seeking the girl whom the shoe fits. He comes to 
 stepmother's house ; elder stepsister tries the shoe, and her big toe being too 
 long, stepmother whispers, "Cut it off; better to lose a toe than a queen's 
 throne !" Stepsister does so, and accompanies king to palace. On the way 
 they pass the churchyard where dove sits cooing : " King, look to the foot of 
 the bride ! Her blood is trickling from her shoe !'' King takes her back. 
 — (7) The heel of the second stepsister is too large, and is cut off. The same 
 incidents are repeated. — (8) King asks if there is not another daughter ; but he 
 would not like to be made a fool of any more. Yes, they have a half-witted 
 girl, but she was not at the ball. ** Call her ! let her try the shoe." She 
 appears, smutty and sooty. "You might at least have shaken the ashes off I" 
 says stepmother. " Never mind," say^ the king ; " she looks like her work. 
 Can you wear this shoe, my lass ?" She can, for it is her own. Stepmother is 
 furious, and would know how she came by it. King bids her put on the dress 
 she wore at first ball ; she does so, and king rides off with her. The dove 
 in the churchyard sings : 
 
 "Look, look ! how proudly they ride ! 
 The king has found his true bride." 
 
 ^ The lad who on large farms carts away the ashes and rubbish is called 
 "Askepidsker". — F. 
 
28S CINDERELLA VARlANtS. 
 
 (9) They are married, and stepsisters are the bridesmaids. Going to church, 
 the dove pecks out their left eyes, and, returning, their right eyes ; so blind- 
 ness is their punishment. The king lives happily with his queen, who is no 
 longer called *' Askenbasken". 
 
 291 Ibid., p. 62. No. VIII. (From Jutland.) 
 
 " Prinsessen I Hojen" (The Princess in the Mound). 
 
 (i) King's daughter has been betrothed to another king's son, but parents 
 afterwards disagree, swear that marriage shall not take place, and go to war. 
 Heroine's father shuts her up in a mound for three 3 ears, with two maid- 
 servants, a little dog, some victuals, and some candles. Both kings die during 
 the war ; the castle is burnt down, the princess forgotten, and the prince is 
 king of both realms. He had loved heroine, and sought her everywhere in 
 vain. At last he dreams that he sees her, and that she says to him : 
 
 ** To-morrow the first in the castle you see 
 Is the maid whose true love you must promise to be." 
 
 He meets a lady of quality called Malfred, woos and wins her, and the wed- 
 ding is to take place after three months. — (2) They are all busy at the castle 
 with the preparations, when a girl arrives dressed in rags, with sooty face, 
 aiking for employment. She is taken in, and when washed looks pretty, and 
 being a good seamstress, is set to make Malfred's bridal-gown, — {3) On the 
 wedding-day Malfred complains of illness, and gets heroine to take her place 
 as bride. A horse is led to the door for her to ride to church. Heroine says 
 to it : 
 
 " My good horse, Black, bow down to me ; 
 My father oft did saddle thee." 
 
 Prince asks : ** What did you say just now, Malfred ?" "I only spoke a 
 word to my steed." Riding through the wood, they pass the large mound 
 where heroine had been buried, and she says, when prince as-ks her to tell 
 him something to shorten the distance : 
 
 *' Seven long years in the wood I passed, 
 Forgetting all my tales at last. 
 On a w oil's back did I ride ; 
 Charcoal- burning then I tried ; 
 Now, to-day, I am a bride 
 In my lady's stead." 
 
 He asks what she said. Passing the bridge, she says : 
 
 " Creak, little bridge, but for my sake, 
 Who often crossed you, do not break." 
 
KRISTENSEN. 289 
 
 Again he asks what she says. As they stand before the altar to be married 
 they are to exchange rings. He recognises the ring heroine gives him as the 
 one he had years ago given to his first love, the princess, and asks, "Where 
 did you get that ring ?" She answers : 
 
 " In the ashes and stones by my maids it was found, 
 Where Waldemar's^ castle was burnt to the ground." 
 
 By the time they return Malfred is better, and, clad as bride, takes her seat at 
 table, heroine taking her place amongst the other maids. Prince asks the 
 bride what she said as she mounted her horse. " Nothing." Yes, she said 
 something, prince returns, but may have forgotten it. What did she say as 
 they passed the mound ? She has forgotten. The bridge ? Forgotten also. 
 Prince looks at her, and notices that she has not got his ring. She explains : 
 
 * ' To my maid I gave the thing, 
 I do not care to wear a ring." 
 
 Prince sends her to fetch it. Heroine will not give it up, but is taken beneath 
 Malfred's cloak, and stretches out her hand, which prince seizes and holds. 
 Then he recognises his former love. Malfred is made to confess that she has 
 that day borne a child, whose father is one of the courtiers. Heroine then relates 
 how she recognised *' Black" as her own horse, and remembered the mound 
 where she was buried. She tells the prince how, when the victuals came to an 
 end, they ate the candles, afterwards the dog. Then both the maid-servants 
 died of hunger, and, left alone awaiting death, she heard something scratching 
 a hole. It was a woli, and seizing it by the tail she was dragged out of the 
 mound, then mounting its back she was carried into the forest. Weak and 
 starving, she was found by a charcoal-burner, whom she was obliged to serve. 
 Leaving him, she went to the castle, and heard of prince's approaching 
 marriage. Wishing to learn if he loved her as in former days, she contrived 
 to be near him without making herself known. Heroine now takes the bride's 
 place at table, and all goes much more merrily than before. 
 
 Ibid., p. 68. No. IX. 292 
 
 " Karl Finkelfaders Datter." 
 
 ( I ) King has an only daughter, and on war breaking out, makes an under- 
 ground chamber in a large mound, where she must dwell with a dog, a cat, X 
 and supply of victuals for seven years, whilst king and his army go to war. 
 The king is killed, a new prince nominated his successor, and heroine is for- 
 gotten. When the seven years have expired she lacks food, and eats first the 
 dog, then the cat ; after that she catches mice for food, and makes herself a 
 cloak of the skins. When mice become scarce she thinks of digging her way 
 
 ^ This seems to be an echo of some ballad relating to Waldemar, the re- 
 nowned Danish king. — F. 
 
 U 
 
^g6 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 out, and at last, by dint of much scratching, succeeds. But her fingers are 
 sore and skinless, and her clothes so ragged that she dons the mouse- skin 
 cloak ; the remaining skins she fastens on little sticks all round the mound. — 
 (2) She gets employment as cook at the castle, where the new king has just 
 arrived with his betrothed. They are going over the castle with a large 
 bunch of keys, trying in vain to fit them in the locks. Cook asks leave to try, 
 and opens door after door. — (3) One of heroine's gowns is found ; princess 
 wants to try it on, but it does not fit her. It fits cook exactly. She is to go 
 to church in princess's stead to be married to king, and cook and princess will 
 exchange dresses again afterwards. — (4) On wedding-day the betrothed rushes 
 to kitchen and changes clothes with cook, putting on her mouse-skin cloak, 
 while cook is dressed as bride with the bridal crown. King, believing her to 
 be his betrothed, leads her to the coach-and-six. They are all heroine's father's 
 horses, and as she mounts the coach she says : 
 
 ** Hail ! beauteous mares, so fair to see ! 
 Karl Finkelfader is dead to me ; 
 Yea, dead is he who in the stall 
 Did erstwhile brush and comb you all. ' 
 
 And the horses, hearing her voice, begin to rear and prance Bridegroom takes 
 his seat by her side, and they drive to church. Passing the mound where she 
 had been buried, she says : 
 
 *• Still wretched am I, yet how great were my woes 
 In the mound 'neath those mouse-skins, none but God knows." 
 
 They reach the bridge over a rivulet. Here she says : 
 
 *• Here's the old bridge that in good days of yore 
 Did bear me the rivulet safely o'er." 
 
 In the church she sees the portraits of her father and mother hanging over the 
 altar, and says : 
 
 •' Turn, lovely pictures, round you go ! 
 You are dear father and mother, I know." 
 
 And immediately the pictures turn. When they start to drive home after the 
 marriage ceremony, she says : 
 
 " Hail, beauteous mares ! fair are ye all, 
 Ye that were bred in my father's stall. " 
 
 And the horses bow their knees to her. — (5) On her return she at once changes 
 clothes with the betrothed, who then goes to the wedding-feast, leaving 
 heroine in the kitchen. At night prince insists that the bride shall repeat the 
 words she spoke to the horses, before she goes to bed. " I don't remember 
 them," she says, " but cook knows." She hies to the kitchen, and learns the 
 words from the cook, then returns and repeats them. So he asks her in turn 
 to repeat all the things the bride had said in the morning, and every time she 
 has to go and inquire of cook. But a trial yet remains. It is the custom for the 
 
MR. E. T. KRISTENSEN'S MS. COLLECTION. 29 1 
 
 bride to receive a glove in church ; it is "sworn into her hand", and she may 
 not go to bed till she has returned it to her husband. Bridegroom now 
 demands the glove, and the bride has to go and ask cook for it. Cook refuses 
 to give it outright, but agrees to walk into bridal chamber behind the bride, 
 and, hidden by her, to deliver it up. All goes well till cook extends her hand 
 to give king the glove, when he seizes her hand, and will not let go. "It is 
 to you I am bound ; I have been feeling some doubt. Now you are to stay 
 with me." Turning to the princess, he says : "And you may go into the 
 kitchen or wherever else you like. I shall keep her to whom I am bound." 
 
 E. T. Kristensen's Unpublished Collection. (Told by Inger 63 
 Katrine Pedersdatter, on Hestbsek Mark, Jutland.) 
 
 " Pisk-i-Aske" (Whip-in-the- Ashes). ^ 
 
 (i) Man with one daughter marries widow with one daughter. Man's 
 daughter is the more beautiful, and is made to sit always whipping in the 
 ashes. — (2) On Sunday heroine asks stepsister to let her wear some of her old 
 clothes to go to church. " No, you Whip-in-the- Ashes l" Heroine returns 
 to the kitchen crying. A strange man enters by back door, and asks why she 
 cries. " Because I wanted to borrow some of my ste^^sister's old clothes to 
 go to church in, and was denied !" " Will you promise me your first son if 
 I give you clothes to go to church in ?" " Yes, certainly j for I shall never 
 have children. I must always sit in the ashes." — (3) Instantly there is a hand- 
 some silk dress for her, besides stockings and shoes, and a carriage at the 
 door. " Light before and mist behind ! Nobody shall see where we are 
 K^ drivirg." She has been told that the moment the precentor leaves his pew to 
 Kf* read the last prayer she must leave the church, hasten home, and change her 
 W dress before the others return. She does so, says "Light before", etc., and 
 * hurries home. She had sat in the family pew in church, and stepmother and 
 stepsister had squeezed themselves back into the far corner. On their return 
 they tell her of the beautiful lady. She says it cannot concern her to hear 
 about her, since she may not go herself; and she whips up the ashes so as to 
 raise a dust.— (4) Next Sunday the same thing happens ; she promises her 
 second son to the stranger, and gets same clothes and carriage. — (5) Third 
 Sunday she promises third son, and gets more beautiful clothes and golden 
 shoes. King's son is at church, and follows her closely, treading off one of her 
 shoes. He wants to speak to her, but she gets into carriage. The stranger is 
 waiting for her, and says, " You may keep the dress ; they will soon send for 
 
 ^ In the large manors it was the duty of the lowest of all the servants, who 
 was called " Whipper-of- the- Ashes", to remove all the ashes and every kind 
 of refuse from the dunghill in a small two-wheeled cart. Therefore Cinderella 
 in the Danish tales is nicknamed " Whipper-of-the- A.shes", as the meanest of 
 the mean. "To whip" is now used figuratively in the sense of "to stir, to 
 poke".— /\ 
 
 U 2 
 
292 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 you. Take the one remaining shoe in your hand, and go away as you are." 
 Prince asks all the congregation whose the shoe is. He will wed whomsoever 
 it fits. — (6) Among the girls who try is heroine's stepsister, who cuts a bit otf 
 the toe and the heel of her stocking, and forces the shoe on. A crow in tree 
 says, "Cut from heel, cut from toe ! The golden shoe was trodden off the 
 little girl who sits at home whipping the ashes." " What does crow say?' 
 asks prince. "Pshaw! what's a crow's cawing?" says stepmother. Crow 
 repeats song more loudly a second and a third time. Prince questions step- 
 mother, who is at last obliged to admit that she has another girl at home. — 
 (7) Heroine is sent for, and appears, magnificently dressed, and carrying the 
 shoe in her hand. Prince recogaises her; marries her. — (8) Heroine is 
 unhappy befoi-e her child is born. Prince tries to comfort her. She bears a 
 son, and the strange man appears^ ; but obtaining her promise to give heed 
 during the night to [what is heard] outside the window, he allows her to keep 
 first child till she has others. When her second son is born the same thing 
 happens. Before the birth of the third child she is very sorrowful. — (9) A 
 tired old beggar resting on a hill hears a voice underground crying, ' ' Ha, ha ! 
 ha, ha ! Faldera ! To-night I am to get the queen's three children. I'll roast 
 one to-night ; I'll salt the second ; the third I'll hang up in the smoke. If the 
 queen were as knowing as I am she would just say to me : ' You red bull 
 without horns, none of my children shall you get. I am the one who has 
 suffered for them.' If she were to say that thrice to me I should get into a 
 towering passion and fly into flints^ I" Away goes the beggar, and endeavours 
 to see queen, bat is denied admission. At last he tells watchman that she 
 might be able to save more than one soul. When king and queen hear this 
 they have beggar admitted, and he tells his story. King and queen are 
 greatly comforted, and give him food and wine to his heart's content. — (lo) At 
 night a voice is heard outside the window demanding the children. Thrice 
 the queen repeats the magic words, and the stranger flies into flints. King 
 and queen live happy ever after. Beggar has never occasion to beg again. 
 
 64 Ibid. (Narrated by Mette Tailors, Sundby, Jutland.) 
 
 '^ Pisk-i-Aske" (Whip-in-the- Ashes). 
 
 (i) Widower marries again, and his daughter is ill-treated by stepmother, 
 made the drudge of the house, nicknamed ** Whip-in-the- Ashes", and never 
 allowed to go to church. One evening she goes to her mother's grave and 
 
 ^ The houses in Denmark are small and low, and are all built on the same 
 plan. The door is usually closed at night, and there may be a loose dog in 
 the yard. A benighted traveller wishing to inquire his svay would easily guess 
 in which room the married people sleep, and would tap at the window-panes 
 to arouse them. In the same way the demon comes to the window at night 
 to demand the child. — F. 
 
 ^ See note 46. 
 
IMR. E. T. KRISTENSEN's MS. COLLECTION. 293 
 
 weeps. Dead mother rises from grave and asks why, then gives her some 
 instructions to follow. — (2) Next Sunday heroine asks leave to go to church. 
 Stepmother forbids her, and throws a bushel of pease into the ashes, telling 
 her to pick them out while she and her daughter are at church. A white dove 
 comes flying in. Heroine says, " Little dove, don't pick them up to put into 
 your crop, but into my bushel !" Dove gathers up the pease in no time. 
 Heroine goes to stable, lifts a flagstone, and pulls from under it a dress like 
 the moon. This she dons, then says, ** Coach and coachman, appear!" 
 Instantly they are there ; she jumps into the coach and says : 
 
 " Before me light, behind me dark ! 
 The way I go let no man mark !" 
 
 All in church are greatly astonished. Prince wants to speak to heroine, but 
 she hurries out, speaks the magic words, and vanishes. Mother and sister 
 return and tell her of the lovely lady, and abuse her for wanting to go and see 
 her.— (3) Next Sunday a bushel of rye is thrown in the ashes. Dove performs 
 task. Heroine goes to church in dress like the sun. Prince follows her so 
 closely when she runs to her coach that he treads off one of her shoes. She 
 is again abused at home. — (4) Some time afterwards prince orders all girls 
 to appear at castle. "Whoever can wear a certain gold shoe which he possesses 
 shall be queen. None can get it on. ** There must be somebody left," says 
 the prince. At length stepmother tells of heroine, who is at once sent for. 
 She dons the sun-dress, covering it with her rags that stepmother may not see 
 it. The shoe fits her as though made for her, and she raises her rags a little 
 as she puts it on. Prince catches a glimpse of the gold dress, and is at once 
 satisfied that she is the right girl. — (5) He marries her. 
 
 7 
 
 Ibid. (Narrated by Mr. Knudsen, teacher, Heldum, Jutland.) Q^ 
 
 " Guldskoen" (The Golden Shoe). 
 
 (l) A widower has three daughters. He falls ill and is dying. Eldest 
 daughter takes leave of him, and receives as inheritance half of his farm and 
 goods ; second daughter gets the other half. — (2) Youngest daughter asks 
 father whether he has given away the white dog in the forest too. No, he 
 has not ; she may have it if she likes. It is the only thing she wishes for. 
 Elder sisters do no work, heroine being their drudge. — (3) On Sunday they go 
 to church, leaving heroine at home. The white dog comes : "Is our lady 
 not going to church to-day?" "Fain would I, but I must stay and sweep 
 and carry peat, and wash the table and cook the dinner." ** I'll sweep with 
 my tail, wash the table with my torgue, and stir the pot with my leg. But 
 you must go to the gate by the wood : there you will find a coach, with 
 coachman and servants, and inside a beautiful dress and shoes." So it comes 
 to pass. She drives to church, where all marvel ; and as soon as clergyman 
 leaves the pulpit she goes out, says, "Light before and dark behind !" and 
 disappears. She is at home in her rags when sisters return and talk of the 
 
294 CINDERFXLA VARIANTS. 
 
 lovely lady.— (4) Next Sunday she asks leave to go to church, but is refused. 
 All happens as before. She goes in silver dress and shoes, in silver coach. 
 — (5) The third Sunday everything is of gold. This time king's son comes 
 so close that he treads off one of her shoes just as she vanishes. — (6) The 
 sisters are reading the newspapers at home, and see the announcement that 
 all young girls between eighteen and twenty years of age must appear at the 
 castle on a certain day to try the golden shoe ; for prince will wed whomsoever 
 it fits. Elder sisters, though being past twenty, want to try ; so do many, 
 many more. Whilst they are trying the shoe, some crows fly over the castle, 
 cawing : 
 
 *' They chop off their toes and they cut their heels too ; 
 She is sitting at home who can wear the gold shoe !" 
 
 Prince hears, and inquires who is sitting at home. Sisters at length confess. 
 — (7) Heroine is ordered to appear. She goes to the gate in the wood, finds 
 coach, and drives up to castle door with one golden shoe on, Prince receives 
 her with the other shoe in his hand ; she puts it on. They are married, and 
 the little white dog lives with them in the castle. 
 
 66 Ibid. (Narrated by Birthe Marie Nielsdatter, Jutland.) 
 
 "Fedte-Mette" (Greasy-Matty). 
 
 (i) Widow has three children, one of them an ill-used stepchild. Not 
 liking to have to keep her, she drives her from home. — (2) An old woman 
 overtakes heroine, and asks where she is going. **To seek employment." 
 ** Come with me and herd my sheep." Old woman gives her some shreds, 
 sends her to sit on a little hill, and tells her what to say should any passer-by 
 question her. She is busy with her needlework when king's son passes the 
 hill on horseback. "What are you doine, my girl ?" he asks. ** Well, I'm 
 darning rag upon rag and shred upon shred ; but I hope one of these days 
 to be washing gold^ [clothes] in England!" "You will be lucky if you 
 attain to that." When she returns at night old woman asks what has hap- 
 pened, and heroine tells all— (3) Next day she is sent to the hill with the 
 sheep. Prince passes again. " Still in your old place, then?" She replies 
 as before. — (4) Third day the same thing happens ; prince remarks, " Who 
 knows ? fortune may attend you !" — (5) Old woman sends her to seek employ- 
 ment at the castle, after having given her three grains of linseed for her 
 wages. Heroine is employed to help the cook's helper, and is called Greasy- 
 Matty. — (6) English prince is staying at castle, and he gives order for all the 
 ladies and misses to attend church, that he may select a bride. Everybody is 
 
 ^ The meaning is a little doubtful. A dialect expression is used, signifying to 
 wash in the ashes of beech-wood. Of course the queen, like every other 
 woman, is supposed to wash her owii lin^n.— ^, 
 
MR. E. T. KRISTENSEN'S MS. COLLECTION. 295 
 
 eager to look on. The cook's help asks Greasy-Matty to stir the pot whilst he 
 is away, so that it shall not burn. The old woman appears before her, 
 bidding her throw one of Ihe grains of linseed over her head, and wish for a 
 silver dress. She is to go to church, but be sure to return quickly as soon as 
 the clergyman leaves the pulpit. Everyone in church is amazed. When the 
 others return she is sitting in her rags stirring the pot. — (7) Next Sunday she 
 goes to church in gold dress. The piince gets so close to her that he treads 
 off one of her shoes. — (8) The following Sunday all are to appear at the castle, 
 and whoever can wear the shoe is to be queen. Greasy- Matty stays below, 
 stirring the pot. Old woman appears and bids her throw the third grain, 
 wishing for a gold dress trimmed with diamonds. In the hall everyone is 
 trying the shoe in vain. *' Is there nobody left ?" prince asks. Cook's helper 
 says there is Greasy-Matty in the kitchen. She is fetched, and the shoe fits 
 her. *• You must be of higher descent than you appear, I imagine !" says 
 the prince. — (9) She leaves him a moment, and returns in gold dress. 
 Prince marries her, and she has the good luck to wash gold [clothes] in 
 England. 
 
 \ 
 
 Ibid. (Narrated by Maria Vind, Hornum, Jutland.) 67 
 
 " Tahier-Tahaer." 
 
 (l) A beautiful princess whose parents are dead lives with her grandmother / 
 in England. The old lady, fearirg the men, confines her in a high turret, I 
 with a chambermaid to serve her. Rumour of her beauty spreads afar, and ^ 
 many come desiring to see her ; but in vain. At last a prince of Spain arrives, 
 and takes lodgings at an inn opposite the tower. He signs to the princess 
 from his window ; she at length responds, and the end of it is that he makes 
 himself wings, by means of which he crosses the street, then talks with the 
 princess, and plans her escape with him. — (2) The old lady hears of it, and 
 puts needles and awls in the window-sill, ^ and the next time prince flies across 
 and sits on the sill he gets wounded, and nine drops of blood fall from him. He 
 feels the bitter pain, and is angered against the princess because of her apparent 
 treachery, and instantly flies away and returns to Spain. Princess is very 
 sorrowful, and at a loss to understand his behaviour, till at last she discovers 
 the nine drops of blood on the window-sill, and sees the needles and the awls. 
 — (3) Then she escapes one evening with the help of her chambermaid. She 
 has sold all her belongings for cash, and feigns to be half-witted, calling her 
 gold coins ** counters", and giving a handful of them in payment fpr anything 
 she wants. At length she reaches Spain, and goes to king's castle, where 
 king is said to be dying, and none can save him. — (4) It is St. John's Eve. 
 She is dressed in a poor Spanish dress. Three animals — a bear, a wolf, and 
 a lion — are lying by the castle entrance. She hears one say to~The others, 
 ~-"**TT^somebody knew what I know, she would just throw her apron over 
 us, and then, if she is a pure virgin, she could pass us unhurt." The 
 
 1 See note 47, 
 
296 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 second adds, "If she is a pure virgin she may pull out a rod from under 
 the large stone outside the gate, and if she strikes the stone thrice with 
 the rod she may wish anything, and get it." Then says the bear : " The 
 king is dying, and die he must, unless he can get back the nine drops 
 of blood spilled on the window casement, and take three drops at a time 
 in eel-soup on three consecutive Thursdays. Then he would recover ;" 
 and he adds, ** but this is the greatest secret !" — (5) The princess throws 
 down her apron and enters the gate, then gets the rod. Next morning she 
 goes to the back door of the castle, and, pretending to be half-witted, says : 
 "My name is Tahier-Tahaer" (meaningless words, resembling in sound " this 
 here", "that there".) " I want employment. lean carry out the ashes or 
 polish knives. You can get some fun out of me !" She is engaged as help, 
 and is much liked. She gets to know the cook, and one day says to him 
 "Tahier-Tahaer cooks well !" She wants to be allowed to cook the dinner 
 on Thursday, and offers cook a handful of her yellow counters for the privilege. 
 He takes the money and gives her leave. She strikes the stone and demands 
 an eel, then makes eel-soup for the king. She has always carried the nine 
 drops of blood about with her, and now puts three into the soup. King eats, 
 and is better. Next Thursday the same, and on the third Thursday. — (6) The 
 king is fully recovered, and the first thing he would do is to go to church. 
 Tahier-Tahaer must stay at home, but everybody else goes. King is dressing 
 for church, and heroine offers his servant a handful of her coins to be allowed 
 to take him ewer, towel, and comb. She brings them to the king, muttering 
 in a silly way : " Here comes Tahier-Tahaer, bringing his Majesty his ewer, 
 towel, and comb !" The king knows all about her from the talk of the 
 servants. When she is left behind alone, she whips out of the stone a coach- 
 and-four with coachman and servants, and a princess's dress with silk stockings 
 and boots. King notices her in church, and sends servants to inquire whence 
 she comes, and to invite her to dinner. But stepping into her coach, she bids 
 them give her compliments to his Majesty, and say she lives in Towel-land. — 
 (7) Everything happens the same on the two following Sundays, when she 
 says she comes from Comb-land and from Ewer-land. — (8) As she declines to 
 appear at the king's table, he orders his servants to catch her on the third 
 Sunday. In her hasty flight she loses one boot. — (9) King announces his 
 wish to wed the girl who can wear the boot. Many come from far and near, 
 but it fits nobody. Tahier-Tahaer is at last the only one left. People make 
 fun of her trying, but remembering the mysterious countries, king insists. 
 Heroine appears in her dirty old greasy rags, and says foolishly : "Ha, ha ! 
 isT.-T. to try the boot too, your Majesty?" The silk boot fits as though 
 made for her. The king is astounded. — (10) She leaves them, and presently 
 returns in the dress that the king has seen her wear in England. She tells 
 him everything. He sees that she has suffered as much as he, and he makes 
 her his queen. 
 
JONES AND KROPF. 297 
 
 Rev. W. Henry Jones and Lewis L. Kropf, The Folk-tales of 244 
 the Magyars, translated and edited by. London, 1889. Pp. 
 207-16. 
 
 " The Widower and his Daughter." 
 
 (i) Poor widower, with beautiful daughter, marries rich widow with two 
 elderly daughters. Stepmother ill-treats heroine. Father brings gifts of rich 
 dresses from the fair for stepmother and stepsisters. Heroine chooses three wal- 
 nvitS;^— (2)_The former go to church showily dressed, leaving heroine at home 
 to clean half-a-bushel of very dirty wheat. Heroine weeps at task ; Heaven 
 sends flock of white pigeons to pick out dirt and tares from wheat. — (3) 
 Heroine returns thanks to heaven ; fetches walnuts to eat them, when from 
 the first falls a copper dress, from the second a silver, from the third a gold 
 dress. She locks in cupboard the gold and silver dresses, dons the copper and 
 hurries to church, and sits in last pew amongst old women. King's son notices 
 her, but before close of sermon she runs home and doffs copper dress. King's 
 servant cannot overtake her, or see which house she enters. Stepsisters re- 
 turn with their young men, and tell heroine how king's son was present, and 
 about lovely stranger. Heroine says she saw her by mounting ladder to 
 reach chimney. Stepsisters scold her, and have ladder removed. — (4) In 
 afternoon they go, more showily dressed, to church, and prince is also there. 
 Heroine has twice as much wheat to sort, and twice the number of pigeons 
 come to perform task. Heroine goes to church in silver dress, escaping as 
 before, and king's servant cannot track her. She tells stepsisters she saw 
 lovely stranger slip out from church by standing on top rail of hoarding. 
 They drive sharp nails into top of hoarding. — (5) Next Sunday they go to 
 church in new and still more gorgeous dresses. Heroine has three times as 
 much wheat to sort, and three times the number of pigeons perform task. She 
 goes to church in gold dress, but when she slips away, the king's servant fol- 
 lows quickly and sticks gold rose mto gate-post of house she enters. Heroine 
 tells stepsisters she watched from mulberry-tree, which is consequently cu^ 
 down. — (6) Father is angry with envious stepsisters, and takes heroine away 
 to cottage of childless widow, where she lives several weeks, scantily fed. — 
 (7) After some months prince comes to village with one servant, finds gate- 
 post with golden rose, enters house and asks for little girl. Stepmother 
 dresses up her two daughters and presents them. Prince does not know them, 
 and asks if she has no other daughter, or if her husband has a daughter. 
 Stepmother says husband has been dead three years. Prince departs. Ser- 
 vant takes golden rose from gate-post, and throws it to the winds. It floats 
 in the air above their heads, and falls in front of widow's cottage. Cock 
 crows as they cross threshold, and very poor old woman greets them. Prince 
 inquires if she has daughter. " No." If she keeps an orphan. *' Yes ; but 
 she is ugly and naughty, and too dirty to appear." Prince insists on seeing 
 heroine, who comes very cleanly dressed, and is recognised. — (8) Prince 
 takes her away, after giving presents to old woman. Servants remind him 
 
298 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 that it is not fitting to take bride home in such sorry pl'ght ; so they halt at a 
 lake, and he leaves her among the branches of weeping-willow till they re- 
 turn with golden dresses and royal carriage. — (9) Heroine has bidden walnuts 
 in her bosom, and, to surprise bridegroom, puts on golden dress to await his 
 return. A troop of gipsy women approach tree where she sits in golden 
 dress. They question her till she reveals everything, and shows walnuts. 
 Pretty gipsy climbs into tree, flattering her, and pushes her into lake. 
 Heroine transforms herself into gold duck, and dives under water when they 
 throw stones at her. Finally, gipsies go away, leaving duck in lake, and 
 pretty gipsy sitting in tree clad in golden dress. — (10) Prince returns at sunset, 
 and gipsy makes believe to be heroine by relating what she learnt from her. 
 Prince is deceived, though on way to palace he comments on her sunburnt 
 face, which she says is due to sun's broiling rays, and will be pale in a few 
 days. Before leaving lake, gipsy says she must have gold duck shot, to eat at 
 wedding feast. Prince and servants try hard to shoot it, but it always dives 
 and escapes. Old king does not like dusky daughter-in-law, and prince is 
 unhappy because, after several months, she is still sunburnt. Gipsy notices 
 this, and, as diversion, announces a great feather-picking to be held in royal 
 palace, to which rich and poor are invited. — (ll) Gold duck has flown to 
 palace, and, regaining girl form, has entered service near to royal mansion. 
 She attends feather-picking, and works busily. ** Well, dear queen and 
 wife," says prince, ** tell work-people what happened to you when envious 
 stepsisters forbade your going to church. Who helped sort the wheat?" 
 Gipsy does not know, so invents, saying, amongst other things, she crept 
 through key-hole, and collected all girls in neighbourhood to help her pick 
 wheat. "That was not so," says heroine. "It was from chimney-stack, 
 from hoarding, from mulberry- tree that orphan girl peeped. But orphan girl 
 told an innocent fib. She was the girl whom prince loved, sought, 9nd 
 found ; whom he left in the willow-tree ; whom you pushed into the lake, 
 and whom the prince tried to shoot. lam that orphan girl." — (12) Prince 
 recognise? heroine. Gipsy faints ; king has her quartered and burnt. He 
 casts stepmother into prison, and has stepsisters' hair cropped ; marries 
 heroine's father to widow, and on the same day himself marries heroine. 
 
 68 A. Landes, Contes et Legendes Annamifes. Saigon, 1886. 
 Pp. 52-57. No. XXII. 
 
 " HiSTOiRE DE Con Tam et de Con Cam."^ 
 
 (i) Man has daughter called Cam : his wife has daughter called Tam. 
 They are same height, and, to decide which shall be elder, parents send 
 them fishing ; whichever takes most fish shall have priority. Cam catches 
 most, but Tam sends her to pick water-lilies on the other side of river, and, 
 nmeanwhile, robs her of fish. — (2) Genie, seeing Cam cry, tells her to take 
 
 * •' Cam" is the husk, and *' Tam" the broken pieces of the rice. 
 
TANDES. 299 
 
 her one remaining fish, put it in well, and feed it. One day, stepmother 
 catches fish, and has it cooked. Cam, missing it, weeps.— (3) Cock says, 
 "Give me three grains of rice, and I will show you its bones." Cam 
 collects fish-bones : genie bids her put them in pots at four comers of her 
 bed. She does so, and, at end of three months and ten days, finds there 
 dresses and a pair of shoes. — (4) Cam goes to fields to dress herself ; shoes 
 get wet, and she takes them off to dry. Crow carries one off to prince's 
 palace.^ — (5) Prince proclaims that he will marry whomsoever shoe fits. 
 Stepmother will not allow Cam to try, but takes Tam to palace without 
 success. Cam begs to try shoe. — (6) Stepmother mixes beans and sesame 
 together, and says Cam may go to palace when she has sorted grain. 
 Genie sends pigeons to perform task. Stepmother still won't let Cam go, 
 complaining that pigeons have eaten grain. Genie makes pigeons return 
 what they have eaten. — (7) Cam goes to palace, puts on shoe, and marries 
 prince. — (8) Cam is fetched to see sick father. Beside him in bed some crisp 
 cakes are put, which he breaks in turning. Mother says his bones make the 
 noise, and persuades Cam to climb tree to pick areca for him. Tam cuts 
 down tree, and Cam is killed. Tam dresses in her clothes, and goes to 
 palace. Prince sorrows for Cam. Tam washes clothes, and Cam, trans- 
 formed into a bird, says, " Wash my husband's clothes carefully," etc. 
 Prince hears her (The continuation is the same, with slight varia- 
 tions, as that of No. 69, see inc. 14-19.) When Cam returns to palace 
 with prince, Tam feigns joy, and asks where she has been, and what done to 
 make herself so beautiful. Cam says, to become equally lovely, Tam must 
 immerse herself in boiling water. Tam does so, and dies. — (9) Cam salts 
 her flesh and sends it to stepmother, who, taking it for pork, begins to eat it. 
 Crow on tree cries, *' Greedy crow devours the flesh of its child, and cracks 
 its bones." Tam's mother, enraged, says it is meat which her daughter sent. 
 But at close of the meal she finds Tam's head, and realises truth. 
 
 A. L^NDES, Contes Tjmnes. Saigon, 1887. No. X, pp. 79-93, 69 
 
 "Kajong and Halcek." 
 
 (i) Mother cannot tell whether Kajong,^ her adopted daughter, or Haloek, 
 her own daughter, is the elder. Neither girl will consent to give priority to 
 the other. Mother takes two baskets, gives one to each girl, and sends them 
 fishing. Whichever catches most fish shall be considered the elder. Girls 
 go to pool containing all manner of fish in great numbers. Kajong gets into 
 the water and catches thirteen fish, half a basketful, Haloek does not care to 
 go into water, and only catches ten krioak. Kajong is tired, leaves her 
 basket and rests on the bank. Haloek steals her fish, so that she has many 
 
 ^ See note 48. 
 
 ' Heroine of this story is called sometimes Jong, sometimes Kajong. 
 I have called h^r Kajong throughout in my translation. — Eo. 
 
300 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 and Kajong few. She denies having done so, and Kajong fears to return 
 home, lest her foster-mother should beat her. She tries to catch more fish, 
 but only gets one tjarok. She gets home after Haloek, and puts her fish 
 {tjarok) in the well to nourish it, to be her brother, because, like herself, it is 
 solitary, and takes the other three {tjaklek) into the house. Mother says 
 Haloek shall be considered the elder. — (2) Mother sends Kajong to mind the 
 goats. In passing well she talks to fish, calling it her brother. At noon she 
 takes rice to feed fish, and every day shares her rice with it. Halcek, 
 noticing that she always takes her rice away, goes to spy. Next day the 
 goats begin to crop the cotton, and, being busy in fetching them back, she 
 omits to visit fish. Haloek takes her rice to feed fish, who comes when 
 called, thinking it is Kajong, but is caught, taken into the house, cut in two, 
 cooked, and eaten by Haloek. — (3) Next day Kajong seeks for fish in vain, 
 and weeps day and night. She dreams that fish comes to her and bids her 
 not weep, and tells her what Haloek has done : that she has put the bones in 
 a bamboo-tube and buried them beside the water-jar. ** If you love me,*' 
 says the fish, •* take my bones, put them in a cocoa-nut shell, and bury them 
 at cross-roads. Then, when you drive your goats, I shall see your face, my 
 sister. If you do thus, visit me every hour of the day." Kajong weeps, and 
 next day does all that fish bade her. — (4) On the following morning she finds 
 a gold shoe at the spot where she buried the bones. A crow had carried oft 
 the fellow- shoe and dropped it in the palace, where the king picked it up. 
 The bones were transformed into these golden shoes. Kajong takes shoe 
 home and hides it. — (5) In two or three days king proclaims in every village 
 that all girls, big and little, are to come to the palace to try on the shoe. If 
 it fits any girl exactly, the king will marry her. Mother sends Haloek to 
 palace, but will not give Kajong leave. — (6) Kajong weeps, and mother, 
 seeing this, takes a bunch of tangled thread and tells her to disentangle it 
 whilst mother goes to palace. Kajong weeps, and Heaven sends a number 
 of ants to disentangle the cotton. — (7) She gives it to mother, who then takes 
 a measure of sesame and a measure of maize, and bids Kajong pour them into 
 a sieve and sort them. When she has done so she may go to palace. 
 Kajong weeps. The lord Alwah^ commands all birds of the forest, termites, 
 ants, scorpions, centipedes, yellow cockroaches, and red cockroaches to come 
 and help her pick up and sort the grain. This done, the mother allows her 
 to go to try shoe. — (8) Kajong prepares betel- leaves and wraps them in 
 her handkerchief, attires herself, takes with her the shoe that she had 
 hidden, and goes alone to palace, arriving after all the others. Reflect- 
 ing on her solitary lot, she weeps as she goes. Then she has not courage 
 to try shoe like all the others, but hides behind palace. None can wear 
 the shoe. King asks if there is no one left who has not yet tried, and 
 is told of Kajong. Servants fetch her in, and the shoe fits her exactly. 
 King orders servants to have her bathed, and then bring her back as his bride. 
 
 ^ Alwah^ or Aw Lwah, might be a corruption of Allah. The story comes 
 from heathen Tjames, who claim that their Mussulman congeners adore 
 Allah. 
 
LANDES. 301 
 
 He learns from Kajong that her parents died during her infancy, and that she 
 has lived with foster-mother. He asks if she has a shoe like the one he found, 
 and she shows its fellow. He sees that she was destined to be his wife. — 
 (9) Meanwhile Haloek returns home and tells mother that of all the beautiful 
 girls who flocked to palace not one could wear the shoe, and Kajong has 
 become queen. Mother is very jealous. She goes to palace, and with mock 
 servility begs king to allow Kajong to return home for two or three days, 
 promising to bring her back. King consents, and bids Kajong dress in her 
 finest clothes and go home with foster-mother. It is night when they arrive. 
 — (10) Mother and Haloek go indoors to eat their rice, and leave Kajong 
 without, and give her nothing to eat. She is full of sadness. They give her 
 no mat to lie down on, and she sleeps on a bamboo-screen. Next morning 
 Haloek takes her to pick cocoa-nuts. She persuades Kajong to climb the 
 cocoa-palm whilst she remains beneath ; then she takes a hatchet to cut tree 
 down. Kajong jumps on to the next, and Haloek then tries to cut this one 
 down. Kajong asks why she is io unkind to her. ** When you get home, 
 tell your mother to take you and marry you to my husband." Just as she sees 
 the cocoa-palm about to fall, Kajong throws herself into the lake hard by, 
 and is transformed into a golden turtle. — (ii) Haloek goes home, tells mother 
 that she has cut down tree, and that Kajong is drowned. They rejoice over 
 it. Mother takes Haloek to palace, tells king that Kajong has run away, 
 and she cannot find her, but that she brings her own daughter for him to 
 marry. King accepts her ; but he is very sad about Kajong, and gets no 
 bleep. — (12) He tells his servants to take him to hunt deer and roebuck. 
 They come to lake where Kajong is. He is heavy with grief, and rests by 
 the lake, telling servants to sound it. They do so, and take a golden turtle. 
 King presses it to his bosom, takes it home, and puts it in golden basin. He 
 goes for a walk, and Haloek cooks and eats the golden turtle. She throws 
 the carapace behind the house, and a bamboo-shoot springs from it. — (13) King 
 returns, misses turtle, and questions Haloek, who says she has not seen it. 
 He sends for his astrologers to recover it by divination. Haloek confesses 
 the truth, making excuse for her craving to eat turtle. King says nothing. A 
 few days afterwards he is walking behind house, and sees little bamboo 
 growing, and is pleased with it and handles it. Then when he is absent 
 Haloek picks the bamboo, cooks and eats it. King finds it has disappeared, 
 questions Haloek, and she tells of her longing to eat it. — (14) The husk of the 
 bamboo is transformed into a bird {^ek), which comes and moans before the 
 palace. King hears its moans, and says, **If you are really Kajong, come 
 and sit on my sleeve." Bird perches on his arm. In a few days Haloek cooks 
 and eats the dek. She throws the feathers into the road outside palace ; they 
 turn into a mcckya^ tree. — (15) King asks for bird, and Haloek says that it 
 fell into pot of soup and perished. She put it aside, but the dogs ran off 
 wiih it. King says nothing. He does nothing but mourn for this de^. The 
 
 1 Moekya =^ Diospiros ebenaster {Cay thi in Annamite). The fruit of this 
 tree has a strong odour. The seed b?ars a resemVlance to the outline of 
 a woman. 
 
30^ CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 moskya tree bears but one fruit, which, when ripe, acquires a peculiar perfume. 
 People passing beneath the tree look up, but the fruit is invisible. An old 
 Annamite woman with ratjam (pancakes) for sale passes by. She smells the 
 ripe fruit, looks up and sees it. Whilst saying how much she would like to 
 get it to eat, she sees it fall to the ground, picks it up, puts it in her basket, 
 takes it home and puts it in her rice-pot. Then she goes to sell her ratjam, 
 leaving house empty. — (i6) Kajong comes out of the fruit, and causes to 
 appear rice, tea, betel, arec^ and all kinds of cake, ihen returns into the 
 mcekya. Old woman comes home, is surprised to see all these things, wonders 
 if anyone wishes to bespell her, but pronounces a wish, and eats rice and cakes 
 without ill consequences. This happens again two or three days. Then old 
 woman hides, and sees that it is a beautiful young girl who brings her the 
 things. She rushes to take her by the hand. Kajong begins to laugh, and 
 tells old woman that she lives in the mcekya, and old woman looks and finds 
 it is only empty peel. — (17) Kajong bids her go and invite kirg. If he asks 
 what for, she can say she is giving a feast. Old woman hesitates about 
 bringing king to such a wretched house. Kajong says, when she returns it 
 will be a fine mansion. Old woman goes to palace ; dogs bark at her. She 
 sends message to king, who orders his palanquin. When they carry him out- 
 side they find a carpet spread from the palace to old woman's houie, which 
 she is surprised to see so grand. King enters ; Kajong bids old woman hand 
 him basket of cakei. He eats them, and finds they are like those Kajong used 
 to make, and ai>ks old woman who made them. She does not know. He 
 chews some betel, and finds it just like Kajong's. He sighs, and Kajong 
 sighs too. — (18) He hears the sigh, sees Kajong, and embraces her, weeping. 
 He recompenses old woman wiih gold and silver, and takes Kajong back to 
 palace. Haloek is much concerned at seeing her, but fe'gns welcome. 
 Kajong tells king all that has happened to her : how Haloek cut down palm 
 so that she fell into lake, and all that followed. — (19) Next day Haloek talks 
 to Kajong. She asks what she does to make her skin so fair. Kajong says in 
 joke that she plunges into boiling water. Haloek does so, and is scalded to 
 death.— (20) Kajong tells servants to cut up body and salt it, then take it to 
 mother, and if she asks what it is, say that it is some salt fibh which Haloek 
 sends her, and that Haloek invites her to come and see her. Servants obey. 
 Mother goes to palace, and is puzzled to see Kajong instead of Haloek. She 
 is ashamed before Kajong, and returns home. She has eaten nearly all the 
 salted food when she comes upon a hand wearing ring, which she recognises 
 as Halcek's. The truth is clear to her. 
 
 6mile Legrand, Recueil de Contes populaires Grecs^ traduits sur 
 les textes originaux. Paris, 1881. (Collected from the Island 
 of Cyprus by Athanasios Sakellarios.) Pp. 95-100. 
 
 " Cendrillon." 
 
 (See No. 53.) 
 
LEGfeA^fD. ^o^ 
 
 /did., pp- 21^-2^. (Collected in Smyrna by Mr. Hyperide. The 176 
 text has not been published. ) 
 
 "Xylomarie." 
 
 (i) Queen dies, leaving three daughters. She has asked king to marry 
 no one whom her clothes will not fit. — (2) One day youngest daughter tries 
 them on ; they fit her ; the king sees her, and says he must marry her, though 
 his daughter. — (3) She demands, first, three robes — "sky with stars"; "ground 
 with flowers" ; ** sea with fishes". King procures them. Meanwhile a woik- 
 man makes wooden sheath to fit heroine's body. — (4) She takes the three 
 robes and sets off in the wooden case to elude father. Wanders from mountain 
 to mountain ; falls in with prince and his retinue hunting. — (5) They take her 
 to palace ; try her with horse's food and bird's food in vain ; find she eats 
 human food, with which they supply her. She lodges about the stables, and 
 is supposed to be some strange half- human creature. Goes about courtyard ; 
 watches queen cooking ; is hit with gridiron. Queen bakes, and Wooden 
 Mary brings the faggots ; queen hits her with furnace- besom. Queen sews ; 
 Wooden Mary confuses and tangles the bobbins ; queen hits her with bobbins. 
 Mary goes to stables. — (6) Prince sets off to royal wedding in another country. 
 Heroine puts on " sky and stars" dress, and is at wedding in a moment on 
 fine horse. Prince after prince offers to help her dismount ; she accepts only 
 prince who had taken her to palace. Says she comes from Grilville (Gridiron 
 Town). Stays with prince all the time of wedding. Finds him once asleep ; 
 takes off his ring ; mounts her horse, and returns home as Wooden Mary. 
 Prince returns sad ; makes vain inquiries after Grilville. — (7) Goes to another 
 marriage. Mary follows in robe of ** sea and fishes". Prince delighted. She 
 says she is from Ecouvillonville (Besom Town). This time she gets away his 
 watch and chain, and is off again. — (8) Third marriage, as before ; she comes 
 from Bobineville (Bobbin Town), wears dress like " ground with flowers"; 
 gets away prince's watch-key. — (9) Prince returns home and is sick and sad. 
 Queen makes cakes for him ; throws some of the dough to Wooden Mary, 
 who is running about her whilst she is kneading flour. Mary takes it to 
 stables ; makes three little cakes enclosing the ring, the watch and chain, and 
 the watch-key. Gets cakes into stove- corner ; all the others overbaked ; 
 prince takes only her three; finds lost articles, and inquires. — (lo) He 
 watches Mary ; sees her open wooden sheath and eat in stables ; marries her. 
 Great rejoicings. 
 
304 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 311^ Leskien und Brugman, Litauische Volkslieder utid Mdrchen, 
 aus dem preussischen und dem rassischen Litauen. Strasburg, 
 1882. Pp. 443-47. No. XXIV. 
 
 "Von der Ratte, die den Konigssohn zum Mann bekam." 
 
 (i) King has beautiful wife and beautiful daughter. When his wife dies he 
 seeks another, but finding no one as beautiful as his daughter, he wants to 
 marry her. — (2) At night heroine sits at her window weeping. Her mother 
 appears to her, and asks why she weeps ; then bids her demand from father 
 a sun-dress, sun-gloves, and sun-shoes before she will marry him. — (3) Father 
 obtains these ; heroine again weeps at her window. Mother now bids her 
 demand moon-attire and star-attire. Father provides both ; then heroine asks 
 him to wait one night longer, because she wants to consult her mother once 
 more. — (4) At twelve o'clock mother appears and advises her to ask father 
 for a dress made of rat- skin, and, having obtained this, to tie her clothes 
 together in a bundle, and go to the bath, saying she is going to get herself 
 ready and to wash herself. Mother promises to come then and carry her off 
 in a hurricane. — (5) Heroine does as bidden ; she packs her magic dresses 
 together, goes to the bath, and dons the rat-skin. Mother comes and whirls 
 her away in a storm to the forest;, and deposits her by a stone cross at the side 
 of the road. — (6) The stone opens, and when heroine has laid her bundle 
 of clothes inside, it closes again. — (7) Meanwhile, the king, waiting in vain for 
 heroine to come out of bath, at length sends servants to find her. When they 
 report her absent, he takes his gun and, in his rage, shoots himself dead. — 
 (8) A king passing by the stone, sees a rat lying in the road. Rat speaks, and 
 asks king to take her with him to his castle. King is pleased with the animal, 
 takes it home, giving it into the care of a lackey. — (9) One day king's son is 
 getting ready for church, and lackey has forgotten to clean his boots. Rat 
 cleans them, and takes them to king's son, who throws a boot after her for 
 daring to appear before him. — (10) He rides off to church, and rat begs 
 lackey to allow her to go. He says she must not be away more than an hour. 
 Heroine runs to stone, dons star-dress, star-gloves, and star- shoes, and goes 
 to church. She fills the church with rays of light ; everyone looks at her, and 
 when she leaves, king's son asks her whence she comes. " From Boot Castle." 
 *' Where is that?" he asks. She cannot tell him that, for when she is at home 
 she is not this same lovely, stately maiden. She leaves her clothes at stone, 
 and returns in rat- skin to castle. King's son tells his parents and brothers 
 and sisters about lovely lady. No one has ever heard of Boot Castle, — 
 (ii) Next Sunday king's son sits at table to eat something before going to 
 church, and the lackey having forgotten a knife, the rat brings him one. 
 King's son throws knife after her, scolding her for coming. — (12) Heroine 
 wears moon- dress, moon-gloves, and moon-shoes to church, and afterwards 
 
 ^ For abstract of this story see Appendix. 
 
LESKIEN UND BRUGMAN. 305 
 
 says she comes from Knife Castle. The young men confer together as to some 
 means of tracing her, and decide to place a barrel of tar outside the church 
 next Sunday, and when she is about to leave, to pour some of the tar out on 
 the chance of one of her shoes sticking to it. — (13) Next Sunday, when king's 
 son is washing his face for church, the towel is missing ; he calls out for one, 
 and the rat hands it him. He strikes her with it. — (14) Lackey says rat must 
 not be away more than an hour and a half. She dons sun-attire, and goes to 
 church. The young men pour out some tar, and she loses one of her shoes. 
 King's son picks it up, and then asks heroine whence she comes. " From 
 Towel Castle," she says. When asked whether it is far off, she says, "Whether 
 far or near, you will know one of these days, when everything comes to light." 
 Heroine presently hears him tell parents about shoe, and all that has happened. 
 —(15) He sets out to seek Boot Castle, Knife Castle, and Towel Castle. But 
 none can show him the way. He tries the shoe upon all girls and women, 
 rich and poor. It is too small for some, too large for others, and fits nobody. 
 — (16) Then he turns back home, and tries it on everybody in castle, at length 
 sending for the rat also. Rat agrees to try it on, but it must be in a dark room, 
 and prince must not be present. Being taken to a dark room, she throws off 
 rat- skin, and the whole room is lit up by her clothes. All exclaim ; the 
 shoe fits her, and the prince, who peeps through the key-hole, recognises the 
 lady he has seen in church, bursts open the door, and embraces her.— (17) He 
 marries her. 
 
 Ibid.^ pp. 447-50. No. XXV. (Translated from JVJoravske 70 
 
 ndrodni pohddky a povhti, Sebral a napsal Fr. M. Vrana.) 
 "Von DEM Madchen, das eine Hexe zur Stiefmutter hatte." 
 
 (i) Widow, who is a witch, has three daughters; one with one eye, one 
 with two eyes, one with three eyes. Widow marries widower with one 
 daughter, whom she ill-treats and sends daily to mind the cows. — 
 (2) She gives her a sackful of flax to spin, weave, bleach, and bring home 
 finished at night. Heroine goes to churchyard, and weeps on mother's grave 
 till her tears bedew it. Mother underground says, ** It is not rain, nor is it 
 snow ; it is dew falling from the trees." ** It is neither rain nor snow, nor is 
 it dew ; I am weeping here upon your grave I" Then mother asks why she 
 weeps, and learns about cruel stepmother and the impossible task. " When 
 you get to the field with your herd you will find a cow amongst them ; put 
 the flax in one of her ears, and you can draw the linen out, all ready spun, 
 woven, and bleached, at the other." Heroine does so, and stepmother marvels 
 to see task accomplished. — (3) Next morning she gives her more flax, and 
 sends one-eyed daughter to spy. They reach the field, and young witch, seeing 
 sack of flax untouched, says, ** Why don't you work? You will never be 
 finished by evening." Heroine off'ers to search stepsister's head. '* No ; 
 you work !" But feeling sleepy, and head being irritable, she agrees to have 
 it searched. ** Eia popeia, sleep, One-Eye !" says heroine. And she sleeps. 
 Then heroine puts flax in cow's ear, and draws it out spun. She wakes step- -->,^ 
 
 X 
 
3o6 CINDERELLA VARL^NTS. 
 
 sister, and they go home. Stepsister tells mother she fell asleep, and saw 
 nothing. — (4) Third day heroine has another sackful of flax to spin ; two- 
 eyed stepsister is sent to spy, but goes to sleep. On the fourth day three- 
 eyed stepsister accompanies heroine, who sends two of her eyes to sleep 
 during hairdressing. Third eye stays awake and sees everything. — (5) Step- 
 sister reports to witch, who forthwith kills the cow. Heroine goes again to 
 churchyard and weeps on mother's grave. * * Is it rain, is it snow ? No, the 
 dew drops from the trees." "It is not rain," etc. Mother asks why she 
 weeps, and hearing that cow is slain, bids her go home, ask them to give her 
 the paunch to wash, and take it to the pond. Whilst washing it she will find 
 inside a ring, a barleycorn, and an oat. These she must take home and plant 
 in the earth beneath the window. — (6) Heroine does so, and next morning 
 finds at the spot a well full of wine and an apple-tree with ripe apples. King's 
 son passes by, and wants some of the wine and apples. He sends for the witch « 
 to give him some ; but at her approach the wine sinks deep down, and the 
 apples rise up out of reach. Heroine draws near, and the wine rises again in 
 the well, and the apples bow down to her. She draws wine and picks apples 
 for the prince, who is so delighted that he says he will marry her. Then he 
 departs. — (7) Witch having overheard, shuts heroine up in a room, intending 
 to substitute one of her own daughters as prince's bride. She accordingly 
 dresses her up for church on the wedding-day, but cannot get on the shoes 
 which prince had given to heroine. Witch hacks a piece off daughter's foot, 
 forces on the shoe, and starts her to church. — (8) Heroine has to go out and 
 mind the cows again. In the form of a bird she flies to the prince, saying, 
 •*Kuku, kuku, the young witch has had her feet pared." Prince looks at the 
 feet of the false bride, sends her off at once, and marries heroine. 
 
 220 ■^' LooTENS, Oude Kindervertehels in den Brugschen TongvaL 
 
 Brussels, 1868. P, 55- 
 
 " Vuiltji-vaegt-den-Oven" (Slut sweeps the Oven [Chimney]). 
 
 (i) King has three daughters, and asks which loves him best. Eldest 
 daughter loves him ** as the apples of her eyes" \ the second, "as her life" ; 
 the youngest, who is busy putting salt into her milk-porridge, says, " as salt". 
 — (2) She is driven out, but is allowed to take her dresses with her, and con- 
 ceals them in the trunk of a hollow tree. Presently she meets poor peasant 
 girl, with whom she exchanges clothes, and, after wandering far away, she 
 reaches a castle, knocks, and asks leave to enter and stay the night, being 
 poor girl, hungry and tired. She is admitted.— (3) Next day she offers to do 
 all manner of work if she may stay. They let her remain. — (4) On Sunda; 
 she may go to church on condition that she kneels in a corner out of sight. 
 Vuiltji fetches blue satin dress and slippers from hollow tree, goes to church 
 and kneels in the midst of the assembly. The "son of the castle" is present, 
 and when heroine, running to the hollow tree after church, loses one of her 
 blue satin slippers, he picks it up. At dinner the slipper is produced, but fits 
 
 le 
 
 i 
 
LOOTENS. — LUZEL. ^O^ 
 
 nobody. Vuiltji asks leave to try it, and it fits her. " Well," says the lady, 
 " you have beautiful feet, Vuiltji !" — (5) Next Sunday heroine goes to church 
 in red satin dress and red satin gloves. She loses a glove. It will fit nobody. 
 Vuiltji shows her hands. "My hands are not ugly ; let me try." Glove fits 
 her. *' Well, you have beautiful hands !" — (6) Next Sunday heroine wears a 
 white silk dress to church, and many diamond rings, one of which she loses. 
 At the dinner-table all happens as usual. '* Has no one seen V. in church ?" 
 asks my lady. No ; but son has thrice seen the same lovely lady, who has 
 lost a diamond ring. Nobody but V. can wear it. Son asks whether he 
 may marry this beautiful lady, if only he can find her. Mother says he may. 
 — (7) Vuiltji offers to fetch her, and runs to hollow tree, dresses, jumps into a 
 carriage, and drives to castle. All wonder who she is. She says she is a 
 king's daughter, outcast by her father. Son marries her, and they go to her 
 father. — (8) Elder daughters have deserted him, making him sorely repent 
 having turned out the youngest. They live with heroine's father, and, when 
 he dies, her husband is king in his stead. 
 
 LuzEL, Contes populaires de Basse-Bretagne. Paris, 1887. Vol. 71 
 iii, pp. 134-166. (Related by Pierre le Roux, baker in the 
 village of Plouaret. December 1869.) 
 
 '' Le Chat Noir."i 
 
 (i) Widower with beautiful and good daughter, Yvonne, marries widow 
 with ugly, disagreeable daughter, Louise. Stepmother slights Yvonne, and 
 clothes her meanly, whilst her own daughter has costly raiment. Yet only 
 heroine gets compliments and attention, so that stepmother resolves to get rid 
 of her. — (2) Every day she is sent at sunrise to wide moor to tend little black I 
 cow, with orders not to return till sundown. She takes little piece of black 
 bread, and little dog Fidele accompanies her. She pets black cow, calling it 
 **my little golden heart". — (3) It grows quite fat under her care, and step- 
 mother, seeing how she loves it, resolves to have it slain. Two little gold "^ 
 shoes are found near its heart. Stepmother seizes them, saying they will do 
 for her daughter on her marriage-day. — (4) Prince, having heard of the 
 beauty and sweetness of Yvonne, comes to see her. Stepmother dresses her 
 n stepsister's clothes and presents her to prince, who is charmed with her, 
 md would wed her. Wedding-day is fixed, and he departs. On appointed 
 lay stepmother substitutes own daughter, and shuts heroine in turret-room. — 
 5) Stepsister cannot wear gold shoes found in cow, so they clip her toes and c 
 
 leels. Prince comes in state to fetch bride ; is dazzled by the'glitter of the 
 iamonds and does not detect the fraud. — (6) Little dog Fidele is on the 
 Leps when carriage starts, and begins yelping and saying, *• Plep-hi ! hep-hi 1 
 ep-hi ! without her, without her, without her !" and, when carriage drives 
 I at of the court, he runs after it, saying : 
 
 & 
 
 See note 49. 
 
 X 2 
 
3o8 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 " The ugly, frowning daughter goes, 
 With clipped heels and clipped toes ! 
 Alas ! in prison they are keeping 
 The fair one, weary with her^weepipg !" 
 
 But none heeds. When false bride alights at the church she cannot walk, 
 and cries with pain. — (7) Prince looks at her, and, full of indignation at 
 imposture, sends her back. — (8) Mother returns with her, vowing vengeance, 
 and on the way they visit old^ijtch, who promises help. Stepmother is to go 
 
 I home and kill black cat which is in castle, prepare it like jugged hare, and 
 give it to heroine to eat. Next day she will be found dead. Stepmother 
 does as bidden, and, with hypocritical mien, takes dish to heroine, who eats 
 it, and is soon afterwards very ill. In the night she vomits, and next day, 
 when stepmother comes expecting to find her dead, she is looking pale, and 
 says how ill she has been. **The accursed snake" goes, in her disappoint- 
 ment, to tell witch of the plan's failure. —(9) Witch counsels her to get rid 
 of heroine by simply making life at home unendurable to her and to father. 
 She does so, and father and daughter resolve to cross the sea. They set out 
 secretly by night ; stepmother runs after them, telling father he has forgotten 
 his little red book. He returns for it, leaving heroine in th^ boat ; step- 
 mother unties the rope, and boat drifts away with heroine. She lands, after 
 several days, on a little desert island. Wandering, sad and lonely, along the 
 shore, she perceives a little door, which opens when she strikes it, and admits 
 her to little grotto, containing a few necessary utensils, a bed, etc., but no 
 human being. Thinking it a hermitage, she sits down on a stool to await 
 hermit. He comes not, and, being hungry, she wanders along the beach, 
 
 ^ and finds shell- fish, which she eats raw. She sleeps in grotto, and next day 
 explores the island, finding shell-fish and fruit. — (10) After three weeks she 
 begins to feel very ill ; thinks it is the shell-fish. She gives birth to a black 
 kitten ; is much puzzted ; rears it as though it was child. It grows a handsome 
 cat, and speaks to her, bidding her be comforted ; she will not always be ashamed 
 of him ; he will one day recompense her love. She is to make him a wallet 
 for his shoulders ; he will fetch her food from nearest town. — (11) She fears to 
 let him cross sea alone ; he swims like a fish, and lands at a port such as 
 Lannion or Treguier. Schoolboys chase and throw stones at cat. He takes 
 refuge in house belonging to Mr. Rio, and begins crying, " Miaou !" Cook 
 goes to drive him away with broom, when he inquires if Mr, Rio is at home. 
 He is not just now ; will be, to dinner. Cat has not time to wait, but asks 
 cook to put into his wallet the fowl on the spit, and a good slice of bacon. 
 Cook hesitates ; cat helps himself to fowl, bacon, and a bottle of good wine, 
 and putting all into wallet, says good-bye to astonished girl, and departs to 
 his mother on island. Mr. Rio returns, scolds servant, and hears about black 
 cat. — (12) Provisions being exhausted, cat goes again to Mr. Rio's. Cook 
 calls master down. He is startled to hear cat asking for food, but having 
 loaded gun in his hand, tells cats to be off, or he will shoot. Cat flies at his] 
 face till he cries for mercy. Cat releases him, and gives him some advice. 
 Mr. Rio has a rival who is laying a trap for him. His lady-love will give 
 
LUZEL. 
 
 309 
 
 hunting-party, followed by feast. There will not be enough beds ; they must 
 sleep two together ; he will be with his rival, who will take side next wall. 
 When he sleeps Mr. Rio must change places with him, put out light, and 
 feign sleep. Lady will murder the man on outside. Rio is alarmed, thanks 
 cat, fills his wallet, and bids him return when in want of further provisions. — 
 (13) He follows cat's advice, and all happens as foretold. When his rival is 
 murdered he tries to escape from windows, but finds them barred, and door is 
 locked. Next morning hostess pretends not to know why Rio and companion 
 do not appear. He is apparently guilty of murder, is bound and cast into 
 dungeon, dragged next day to scaffold, when on a roof he sees black cat, 
 ■vj'hich springs to his side, and bids executioners not strike an innocent man, 
 but look at. the guilty ; and cat points to Chatelaine in her balcony. She 
 screams and faints ; is executed in Rio's stead. — (14) Cat returns to island ; 
 tells mother she must marry Mr. Rio ; then goes to Rio, who is greatly dis- 
 tressed to be told he must marry cat's mother. Cat steals fine dress and 
 jewels from a marchioness, and takes boat to island to fetch mother. Mr. 
 Rio is enchanted with her beauty. They are married. — (15) After festivities 
 cat wants to visit mother's kinsfolk. Father is delighted, and stepmother and 
 stepsister feign joy and hold great feast. Witch is invited, but, on recognising 
 black cat under table, she leaves in a trice, feigning illness. Cat jumps on 
 table ; stepmother would drive it away. Cat challenges her to turn him out, 
 and says witch must be fetched back. — (16) Cat and witch engage in single 
 combat in courtyard ; guests look on. First they vomit water one against the 
 other ; cat wins. Then they have contest with wind, blowing on each other ; 
 cat blows witch about like a straw till she cries for mercy. Lastly they vomit 
 fire ; cat vomits thrice as much as witch, who is reduced to ashes. Cat says 
 he must recompense stepmother for her treatment of his mother Yvonne, and 
 recalls the ragoUt of hare. He vomits fire over her till she is reduced to 
 ashes. He pardons stepsister. — (17) Then cat bids Mr. Rio put him on his 
 back on the table and cut him open. Rio objects, but is persuaded to obey, 
 and when cat is cut open a beautiful prince steps out and says he is the 
 greatest magician that ever lived. 
 
 Ibid., vol. iii, pp. 247-61. No. V. (Told by Barbe Tassel, 177 
 Plouaret, 1869.) 
 
 "La Fille du Roi d'Espagne.' 
 
 (i) King of Spain, in his grief at wife's death, vows to himself never to 
 marry again, unless he can find someone exactly like her, and who can wear 
 her wedding clothes. — (2) His daughter, aged eighteen, is just like mother, 
 and, one day in play, puts on wedding clothes, which fit her perfectly. Father 
 embraces her, crying, "My wife ! I have found my vnfe again." He seeks 
 to marry her. — (3) In her distress, she consults old woman dwelling in hut in 
 forest near, who bids her ask father for dress like the stars. This he at length 
 
3IO CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 procures ; and, after long seeking, finds, in turn, dress like the moon and 
 dress like the sun. — (4) Heroine must now put dresses in box, and escape at 
 night from father's house. She sets out, clad like a working-girl. King 
 sends soldiers after her, but she hides under arch of. bridge while they pass 
 by. She reaches castle, and asks lodging for the night. They take her in, 
 out of pity.— (S) Next day she begs to be retained as servant, and is engaged 
 to tend swine. She spends each day in the woods surrounding castle. She 
 carries box about with her, and one day puts on star dress. — (6) The young 
 lord of the castle, who is hunting in forest, catches sight of her, and hurries 
 towards her. But she has seen him approaching, and hastily doffs dress, and 
 hides box in the thicket. When he comes up he only finds swineherd. — (7) 
 Next day she dons moon dress, and disappoints him in same way. He asks 
 her if she did not see beautiful princess just now ; she says no. — (8) Next day 
 she dons sun dress, and the birds in trees overhead hop about, singing with 
 joy, and even the swine grunt in admiration. Young lord, who has been 
 watching her from behind tree- trunk, runs towards her, but trips and falls into 
 ditch hidden by ferns and long grass. Heroine has just time to doff dress 
 before he reaches her, and he returns home planning means to unravel the 
 mystery. — (9) His mother is anxious for his marriage, and three young girls 
 are invited to spend a few days at the castle. The evening they are to arrive 
 he takes his gun, and says he will shoot game for them. But he goes straight 
 to farm-house on the skirts of the wood, and asks farmer's wife to allow him to 
 pass three or four days and nights in a bed under stairs where daylight cannot 
 enter. She oflfers him rather a feather-bed in best room, which he declines. 
 He tells her to go next morning to castle and beg a little fresh broth for poor 
 beggar-woman, to whom she is giving shelter. If asked whether she has 
 seen him, she must say no. Woman does as bidden. At the castle they 
 inquire about young lord, and she says she has not seen him. — (10) One of 
 the three visitors returns with her, wishing to see sick woman. Lady wants a 
 light. This is not permitted. She asks supposed beggar-woman how she is, 
 and is answered in a feeble voice, that she is certainly dying, and that what 
 troubles her the most is that for want of care she has let her child die. Young 
 lady says that must not trouble her ; she herself had a child, and no one knew 
 of it. She gives beggar a piece of gold. — (11) Next day, when farmer's wife 
 fetches broth from castle, another of the young ladies returns with her. Same 
 conversation takes place, and young lady confesses she has had two children, 
 and has let them both die. She gives sick person two pieces of gold. — (12) 
 Next day third young lady comes, and says she has had three children, and 
 let them all die. She gives him three pieces of gold. — (13) Next day he bids 
 farmer's wife go for the last time to castle, and ask for basket of salad, as 
 well as for the broth, and get the swineherd to carry it to farm. Heroine, too, 
 wants to see sick person. He tells her the same thing about abandoned child. 
 She exclaims, "Alas! were you married?" "No!" "Heavens! zn^ I— 
 who am the daughter of the King of Spain — I left my father's palace clad like 
 a servant, and have made myself a swineherd, all to escape falling into sin. 
 But God is good ; pray for pardon." And she goes. — (14) Then young lord 
 gets up in high glee, kills a partridge, and goes home, His mother falls on 
 
LUZEL. — MANGO. — MASPONS. 3 1 1 
 
 his neck ; the three girls do likewise. He has partridge cooked, and tells 
 mother he wants to sup alone in his own room, with the three girls. He cuts 
 bird into six pieces, gives one to first lady, two to second, and three to third. 
 The third supposes he prefers her, and will marry her. Then he proposes 
 dancing. They say there is only one gentleman to dance with, and no fiddler 
 to play for them. " Here is something that will make you dance, you heart- 
 less, unnatural mothers !" says he, taking a whip from a nail on the wall. And 
 he begins to lash the young ladies till they cry for pity. He says, did they| 
 show pity to their children when they let them die in secret — "You one, you' 
 two, you three." They say it is not true, but he tells them how he heard of 
 it, and bids them return at once to their homes. — (15) Then he sends for 
 heroine, and tells her to confess who she is, for he knows she is other than she 
 seems. She says she is a poor girl, without father or mother, obliged to work 
 for her maintenance, etc. He tells her how he learnt the truth from her own 
 lips. — (i6) They are married, and the King of Spain is bidden to the 
 feast. 
 
 Francesco Mango, Novellitie popolari Sarde, raccolte e annotate 308^ 
 dal. Palermo, 1890. (Pitre, Curiosita popolari tradizionali^ 
 vol. ix.) Pp. 134-36. 
 
 "La Maestra e la Figliastra." 
 
 (i) Widower sends his daughter Peppina to school. Mistress says to her, 
 " Ask your father to marry me ; I will love you and be kind to you, and take 
 you about with me. And you can call me mother." Heroine does so, and 
 father tells her to say he will marry schoolmistress when his iron shoes^ are 
 worn out. Schoolmistress bids heroine throw water frequently on iron shoes, 
 so that they rust and wear out. Then father sends to say he will keep his 
 promise to marry schoolmistress. — (2) After a year she bears a child, and thence- 
 forward ill-treats Peppina. She induces father to take her a long, long way 
 for a walk, then throw down his ring, and, whilst she is looking for it, to 
 leave her behind and return home. Finding herself deserted, heroine begins 
 w^eeping till she is tired out and falls asleep. — (3) Then wild animals come and 
 devour her. 
 
 Maspons y Labros, Lo Rondallayre. Quentos populars Catalans, 72 
 colleccionats per. Barcelona, 187 1. Part i, pp. 91-94. No. 
 
 XX. 
 
 " La Ventafochs" (The Fire-blower). 
 
 (i) A woman who has married a widower ill-treats his daughter, giving 
 her dirtiest work to do, and keeping her always amongst the ashes, so that 
 
 1 For abstract of this story see Appendix, 
 ' See'note 50. 
 
312 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 she is nicknamed Cinderella. She pets and pampers her own two ugly 
 daughters, and dresses them richly. Cinderella, who is also called the Fire- 
 blower, on account of her occupation, is very beautiful, patient, and good. — 
 2) One day she has to pick a sack of canary-seed whilst stepmother and 
 stepsisters are out. Unable to finish the task, she begins to cry, when a little 
 old woman, very old and very little, suddenly appears, gives her an almond, 
 and performs task for her. — (3) Heroine breaks the almond, and, finding 
 inside a dress of shining gold, dons it and goes to church, where she is 
 admired by all, even the king's son. Before the service is finished she goes 
 home and resumes her rags. Stepmother and stepsisters return, and tell her 
 of the lovely girl in dress of shining gold whom she would have seen had she 
 been to church. Heroine says : 
 
 •* Maybe, no ; and yes, maybe ; 
 Maybe that fair maid was me !" 
 
 "Listen to Cinderella! Be off, and blow the fire!" and they drive her 
 away to the ashes. — (4) Next day she has a whole sack of beans to shell. 
 She sets to work, but, failing at the task, is very downcast, when again little 
 old woman appears, performs it for her, and gives her a filbert. — (S) Heroine 
 breaks it, and finds inside a silver dress, donning which she goes to the 
 Promenade, where all admire her. When she leaves, king's son sends his pages 
 everywhere in search of her. Stepmother and stepsisters return, and tell her 
 of lovely girl at the Promenade : heroine replies as before, and is driven off 
 to the cinders. — (6) Another day she has a sack of rice to pick while step- 
 mother and stepsisters go off to ball given by king's son. She cries ; little 
 old woman comes to perform task, and gives her a walnut, containing a robe 
 of bells. — (7) Clad in this heroine goes to ball, making all the ladies turn 
 green with envy. King's son recognises her, dances with none other, and 
 they are so engrossed that heroine does not notice that ball is over, and has 
 to run home as fast as she can. Stepmother and stepsisters tease her as 
 before, and she makes same remark. — (8) In her haste to leave, heroine had 
 dropped a glass slipper on the stair, and had not time to pick it up. 
 Servants take it to king's son, who, suspecting its owner, proclaims that he 
 will wed whomsoever it fits. It is tried on all the ladies, but it is too small 
 for everyone ; pages take it from house to house in vain. At last they come 
 to Cinderella's house. The slipper is tried on stepsisters, but will not fit 
 them. — (9) Pages are leaving in despair, and think to inquire if there is another 
 girl in the house. Stepmother admits that there is, but she never stirs from the 
 cinders. Pages send for her, and slipper fits her so perfectly that they take 
 her off to palace, where king's son recognises her and marries her. 
 
 i 
 
 245 Ibid. Part i, pp. 97-100. No. XXII. 
 
 " La Fillastra" (The Stepdaughter). 
 
 (i) Widower, with one daughter, marries widow with one daughter. Step- 
 mother ill-treats [heroine, [who [is very beautiful, making her do menial work . 
 
MASPONS. 313 
 
 while she indulges own ugly daughter. — (2) One day she sends heroine to 
 river to fill a basket with water, and not return till she has done so. Heroine 
 weeps, and wanders up river till she reaches a house, which she enters, being 
 cold and hungry. Only a little dcg inside. — (3) House is very untidy; 
 heroine cleans everything, makes beds, lights fire, and prepares supper. She 
 hears noise, and is terrified to see three giantesses enter, and hides behind 
 kneading-trough. Giantesses see what has been accomplished during their 
 absence. The first says if she knew who had done it she would put a star on 
 her forehead. Second says she would make her words turn to jewels^ as they 
 fall. Third says she would give her whatever she most wishes. Dog goes 
 barking to trough, and says : 
 
 " Clak— clak— clak ! 
 She's hiding here at the trough's back." 
 
 Giantesses find heroine, begift her as promised, the third giantess giving her 
 a basketful of water. She goes home, and all are amazed ; stepmother very 
 jealous. — (4) Stepsister takes basket to river, finds house, enters it, disar- 
 ranges everything, puts out fire, then, hearing noise, hides behind kneading- 
 trough. First giantess says if she knew who had done all this she would L 
 make filth grow on her forehead. Second says she would make her words ) 
 turn to snakes. Third says she should not have what she most wishes. Dog 
 runs barking to trough, and says same words as before. Giantesses find 
 stepsister, and chase her out of the house with insults. When she gets home 
 with empty basket, filth on her forehead, and snakes falling from her mouth, "^ 
 all flee from her in horror. — (5) Stepmother is still more cruel to heroine, and " 
 at last drives her from home. Finding herself alone in wild forest, heroine 
 sits down and weeps bitterly. — (6) She is found by huntsmen, who take her 
 to their master, the king's son, who makes her tell her story, falls in love with 
 her, and marries her. 
 
 Idid. Part I, pp. II i-i 5. 179 
 
 " La Gavia d'Or" (The Golden Chest). 
 
 (i) Father wishes to marry his own daughter. — (2) By advice of father- 
 confessor, heroine first demands dress of all colours. Father goes hunting in 
 woods, procures birds of every sort of plumage, and makes dress of their 
 feathers, in which every colour appears. Heroine next demands dress of 
 fishes' scales, which father supplies, after fishing night and day to procure 
 every kind of fish. Heroine now asks for dress of stars. Father searches 
 the earth for diamonds, the sea for pearls, and shapes them into stars for 
 dress. — (3) Heroine, in despair, her eyes two streams of water, again con- 
 sults confessor, and is advised to ask father for a gold cage, and to shut her- 
 self into it. Father digs into the bowels of the earth, tears out the gold, and 
 
 ^ See note 51. 
 
314 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 a hundred men work day and night to make cage, shut in like a box, except at 
 top, where a hole is left to breathe through. Father takes it to heroine, say- 
 ing, •' The heavens and the earth have been moved for you." — (4) Heroine 
 ^.Shuts herself in chest, and tells servants to carry her away to place of safety. 
 They carry box through the world, and at length reach a country where every- 
 one is sorrowing because king's son is dying of depression, and none can 
 cheer him. Servants are urged to sell the gold box as an offering to prince. 
 They do so. — (5) At night, whilst prince sleeps, heroine gets out of box, 
 writes on prince's left hand, and returns to hiding-place. On waking, prince 
 is very angry to see hand written on, and bids chamberlain lock door next 
 night from inside. When he is asleep, heroine comes out and writes on his 
 right hand. — (6) Prince resolves to lie awake third night, feigning sleep. 
 Seeing the lovely girl come out of box, he gets up to pay her homage, and 
 asks who she is, and how she has come there. Heroine tells him why she 
 has lied from home, taking care not to incriminate father. Prince falls in 
 love with her, regains his gaiety, and henceforth orders double rations to be 
 brought to his room. — (7) Presently he has to go off to the war, and heroine 
 is very sad. He gives her a ring as keepsake, and orders servants to continue 
 taking to his room during his absence one ration of food. When prince and 
 knights have departed, and none but servants are left in palace, these con- 
 spire to discover reason for strange order. They spy through key-hole of 
 prince's room, see lovely girl, and resolve to sell her with costly hiding-box. 
 They carry her all over the world to insure highest bid. — (8) All would buy 
 the box and not the girl, so servants strip heroine and throw her into briap^ 
 bush, then sell clothes and box, and flee into a far land. Heroine weeps. 
 Some shepherds pass by with their flocks. They give h-er some of their skin 
 garments, and set her to herd pigs at their farm. — (9) Prince returns from 
 the war, rushes to his chamber, to find golden cage no longer there. He 
 sends his knights forth in quest of heroine, describing her features to them. 
 They fail to find her. Prince is despondent, and like to die. His father 
 makes public proclamation through all cities and farms, offering great reward 
 for the cure of the prince. — (10) One day the swineherd on the mountains 
 hears herald's proclamation, and begs employers to let her go to console 
 prince. Shepherds deem her mad, and laugh at her, but at length let her go. 
 She wanders over the wilds, through snow and rain, till she reaches the 
 palace. They refiise to admit her ; she pleads so hard, saying prince would be 
 better at sight of her, that she is taken to him. — ( 1 1 ) He appears as dead, and 
 does not stir. She shows him the ring ; he clasps her in his arms ; presents 
 her to the whole court as his bride- elect. They are married mid great re- 
 joicings. 
 
 178 Ibid. Part 11 (1872), pp. 72-75. No. XVI. 
 
 " La Pell d'Ase" (The Ass-skin). 
 
 (i) A lady, at the point of death, urges her husband never to marry again 
 unless he finds a woman exactly resembling herself, that in this way she may 
 
MASPONS. 315 
 
 ever be present to his memory. — (2) After remaining a widower for some time 
 he wishes to marry again, and, having sought in vain for a lady exactly like 
 his late wife, he resolves to marry his own daughter, who is her mother's liv- 
 ing image. — (3) Hearing of his intention, heroine weeps without comfort till 
 she meets a little old woman, who bids her have no fear, but get an ass -skin, 
 put it on, then make herself so dirty as to disgust her father, and he will 
 cease to care for her. Heroine does as bidden, but, in spite of it all, father 
 insists he will marry her. — (4) Heroine cries and cries till the little old woman 
 appears again, bids her not fear, but tell her father that she will only marry 
 him it he first gets her the loveliest and most costly dresses and jewels. But 
 at whatever cost, father determines to procure these, and brings them to her. 
 — (5) Heroine is in despair, but the little old woman gives her a golden 
 coffer, bids her put the dresses and jewels into it, hide it under the ass-skin, 
 which she must don ; and then, when her father's asses are turned out, she 
 must mix amongst them, and thus make her escape. — (6) Heroine does as 
 bidden, and, once escaped, goes on and on till she reaches a farm-house, 
 where she asks for work. Here they engage her to tend the geese, although 
 she is so dirty. — (7) Every morning she has to take the geese to the river 
 bank to feed them, and, for amusement, she washes herself, and puts on 
 all the grand dresses and jewels, and admires her reflection in the water. 
 Meanwhile, the geese refuse to eat, being so enchanted with her beauty. 
 They can but gaze upon her ; and when they get back to the farm, they say : 
 
 " We've seen a lady fair and sweet, 
 But not a morsel did we eat. 
 Nyach, nyach, nyach !" 
 
 (8) It is one of the king's farms, and the prince hearing the geese, and noticing 
 that the more they went to that place the thinner they became, determines to 
 climb to the top of a hill overlooking the river-bank. Thence he sees the ^irl 
 dressing herself, and is so much struck with her beauty that he falls in love 
 with her. He tells no one, but returns to the farm, and when heroine comes 
 home with her geese, he goes to her room seeking her. — (9) But she is not 
 there, and all that he finds is a ring, which he keeps. He goes about trying 
 to find her without the ass-skin, so that he may show her to his parents. But 
 he never again succeeds in seeing her as he had seen her, till at length he gets 
 quite ill, and no one knows why. — (10) At last his parents question him so 
 much that he confesses he is lovesick, and wants to marry the girl to whom 
 the ring belongs. The ring is at once sent round to all the princesses of the 
 kingdom, but none can squeeze a finger into it, it is so very small. Then it is 
 sent to all the nobility, but none can wear it. — (il) At last the prince's 
 parents send for the servants and menials, and when they come to Ass-skin 
 the ring fits her so easily that the prince resolves to marry her. His 
 parents object, till she reveals who she is, and shews the dresses and 
 jewels. 
 
 \Note. — Variants of the above story are given by Senor Hernandez de Soto 
 in the third volume (not yet published) of his Cuentos de Extremadura. They 
 are entitled "La Ternerita" (The Little Calf), and "Agata". Instead of 
 
31 6 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 tending geese, the heroine in these stories meets the prince at three balls, 
 which she attends incognita. In *' El Rapa" (The Flower of the Olive Tree), 
 and in '* Periquillo", from the same collection, heroine escapes, not from 
 her father, but from a distasteful lover, with the presents she has obtained 
 from him. She becomes gooseherd at the king's farm, and the ending is the 
 same as in the stories collected by Senor Maspons.] 
 
 73 Maurer, Isldndische Volkssagen der Gegenwart, vorwiegend nach 
 miindlicher Ueberlieferung gesammelt und verdeutscht von 
 Dr. Konrad Maurer. Leipzig, i860. Pp. 281-2. (Narrated 
 by Frau Brynjulfsson in Kopenhagen.) 
 
 (i) Widowed king Mani has beautiful daughter named Mjadveig. He 
 marries woman with two hideous daughters. Stepmother is jealous of heroine, 
 hides her from suitors, and displays own daughters. — (2) A king's son finds 
 tiny shoe, and vows he will only wed the woman who can wear it. 
 Stepmother makes one daughter cut off heel, so as to wear shoe; prince is 
 obliged to take her. — (3) On the voyage, birds fly over ship, singing, "Hewn- 
 heel sits at the prow; her shoe is full of blood. Mjadveig, Mani's daughter, 
 sits at home, a doubly-deserving bride." [Narrator could not remember 
 more of the story, except that the prince in the end obtained Mjadveig.] 
 
 74 Dr. Ernst Meier, Deutsche Volksmdrchen aus Schwaben, aus 
 dem Munde des Volks gesammelt. Stuttgart, 1852. Story 
 No. IV, pp. 16-20. (From Schwabisch-Hall.) 
 
 " ASCHENGRITTEL." 
 
 (i) Heroine is ill-treated by stepmother, and ordered about by two step- 
 sisters, who are younger than herself. She does all house-work, wears old 
 clothes, and is nicknamed Aschengrittel.^ — (2) Stepsisters throw handfuls of 
 lentils in the ashes for her to sort. — (3) Father goes a journey, and asks what 
 gifts he shall bring for daughters. Younger daughters choose splendid dresses, 
 ear-rings, and necklaces. Heroine asks for first little twig that hits father's 
 hat. Stepsisters mock at her ; but she places twig in her bosom, and carries 
 it always with her. — (4) Next day heroine goes to well to draw water; 
 a tiny, white-bearded dwarf appears, and promises to perform three good and 
 three evil wishes for heroine. She will not take the bad ones, but wishes, 
 first, that stepmother and stepsisters may be kind to her in future. Dwarf 
 wonders at this, but, seeing she has good heart, gives her golden wand, that 
 
 1 The expression "Eschengriidel", according to Geiler of Kaisersberg, is 
 applied to a despised^itchen scullion. 
 
MEIER. 317 
 
 will perform anything she wishes. She has only to strike edge of we);i with 
 wand, and name her wants. — (5) Young king, wishing to choose bride, gives 
 grand ball. Stepsisters go, but heroine is kept at home, because of her dirt 
 and rags. Heroine finishes her work quickly, washes and combs herself, 
 goes to well, strikes edge with wand, and wishes for beautiful ball- dress and 
 ornaments. Instantly wonderful dress with gold and pearls is before her. 
 Clad in this she goes to ball at castle, is admired by all, and king dances 
 with her. She disappears before the rest leave, and king is greatly con- 
 cerned. — (6) He gives second ball, which heroine attends as before, in more 
 splendid attire. King begs to accompany her home, but she escapes alone. — 
 (7) King has no peace of mind till he gives third ball. Heroine appears in 
 still more gorgeous dress, and is beyond measure happy. King has every 
 door but one closed, and this is smeared with pitch. He pursues heroine, 
 and in her flight she leaves golden shoe sticking to the pitch rather than let 
 king follow her home. — (8) He is delighted to have shoe, and gives notice 
 that he will wed whomsoever it fits. Goes himself from house to house 
 trying it, and comes to house of stepmother, who makes one daughter cut off 
 big toe, and the other daughter piece of heel. King sees blood in shoe, and 
 says: 
 
 "' Gru, gru, 
 There is blood in the shoe ; 
 This bride is not the true." 
 
 — (9) When he learns that woman has stepdaughter, he insists on seeing her, 
 though they say she is too ugly and dirty to appear. He recognises her and 
 marries her. 
 
 Ibid., p. 99. No. XXVII. (From Derendingen.) 221 
 
 "So LIEB WIE DAS SaLZ." 
 
 (l) King asks his daughter how much she loves him. *' Oh, so dearly, so 
 dearly — like salt," says she. But this seeming but little to king, he is 
 indignant with her. — (2) Soon afterwards he is giving a large feast, and 
 daughter contrives for all the dishes on the table to be dressed without salt. 
 Consequently, king can eat nothing, and when daughter at length tells him why 
 this is, he realises the value of salt and the excellence of her comparison, and 
 restores her to favour. 
 
 Ibid. No. XLIII. Pp. 154-58. (From Heubach.) 75 
 
 " ESCHENFIDLE." 
 
 (i) Old woman with two daughters loves one and ill-treats the other ; gives 
 one beautiful clothes and takes her everywhere, hoping to get her husband. 
 But the other must always remain at home, do menial work in tlie cowshed, 
 the kitchen, and the garden,[and be^ng ill-clad, may never show herself. She 
 
3l8 CINDERELLA VAktANTS. 
 
 has to sit on the hearth, and is nicknamed Escbenfidle.^ — (2) Her greatest 
 grief is that her , mother forbids her going to church. One Sunday she sits 
 under tree in garden weeping bitterly, when little white man appears, bids her 
 be cheered, and when she wants to go to church to come to tree^ and say : 
 
 " Little tree, shake yourself, little tree ; 
 Shake gold and silver over me !" 
 
 Then she will have beautiful clothes. But she must always wait till everyone 
 else is in church, and must be the first to leave. Then she must return dress to 
 tree, saying : 
 
 ** Little tree, shake yourself, little tree ; 
 Draw all the silver and gold to thee I" 
 
 Next Sunday heroine does as bidden. — (3) She goes to church clad in gold and 
 silver, leaves first, and returns everything to tree. Sister returns and tells 
 her about the lovely stranger. — (4) Next Sunday all happens as before. Rich 
 young merchant espies her, and falls in love with her. He goes early to 
 church on following Sunday to watch for her, and stays last, but she escapes 
 as before. — (5) She goes thus five times to church, and on the sixth Sunday 
 young merchant lets everyone except heroine enter, then smears church door 
 with pitch, and waits hard by. He hopes to be able to help free her from 
 pitch, and then talk with her ; but heroine leaves one shoe sticking, and 
 enters church without speaking to him. Merchant takes shoe home. Heroine 
 returns to tree and repeats verse as before ; but tree will not take clothes, as 
 shoe is missing, and heroine takes them home and puts them in her bed. — 
 (6) Merchant makes inquiry as to who has lost golden shoe, and goes himself 
 from house to house, saying he will wed whomsoever it fits. Many try in 
 vain. One girl cuts off big toe, but to no purpose. Merchant comes to 
 heroine's home. Mother says she has indeed two daughters, but one is too 
 hideous to be shown. She presents favourite daughter, whose foot is pretty, 
 but too large for shoe. Merchant importunes mother, till at length she brings 
 other daughter, who, seeing golden shoe, exclaims, '* Why, that is my long- 
 lost shoe !" and puts it on. Merchant rejoices. — (7) They are betrothed on 
 the spot, and married soon afterwards. 
 
 309' ^^i'd', pp. 165-74. No. XLVIII. (From Heubach.) 
 
 "The young Countess and the Water-Nymph. " 
 
 (i) A countess feeling ill, walks by the lake. She hears water-nymph 
 talking, and addresses her, whereupon she comes forth and they converse. 
 
 1 With the expression "Eschenfidle" cp. Abersel, Abarschelfor an Aschen- 
 brodel. 
 
 2 The tree of our story reminds one of the five trees in Indra's heavenly 
 paradise, which grant every wish. — Ed. 
 
 2 For abstract of this story see Appendix, 
 
MEIER. 319 
 
 After this they often talk together, and become so intimate that water-nymph 
 promises to stand godmother to countess's child. When daughter is born 
 water-nymph is summoned to keep her promise. All are in attendance for the 
 christening, except the godmother. They wait long, when at last the door 
 
 opens, and in steps the water-nymph in a great whitejveil which is half wet 
 
 She holds child at font, and gives it, as baptismal present, a little basket with 
 three eggs. These eggs must be taken great care of, as they may prove useful 
 to child, — (2) Not long after countess dies, father marries again, and step- 
 mother neglects child, giving it over to nursemaid, who allows it to play alone 
 by the lake. Water-nymph comes to amuse child, and tells her many pretty 
 stories. Child has happy life till, when fairly grown up, her fathers castle is 
 burnt down, and he becomes a poor man. Heroine escapes with egg-basket 
 to godmother in the lake, and asks her advice. Godmother tells her that, 
 having the three eggs, she is rich enough, for they can perform three wishes, 
 however hard. But she must not expend wishes thoughtlessly, and always 
 keep one for emergency. — (3) She bids her go through forest and take service 
 at large house. Heroine sets out. On the way she meets a peasant-girl 
 called "Katterle", and exchanges clothes with her; then goes on alone 
 through forest to castle, and inquires if a servant is wanted. At first they will 
 not engage her, because she looks too young and too tender ; but when she 
 asks very little wages, and offers to do all the house- work and help cook, they 
 at last take her. Her white hands get rough and brown, and her clothes 
 ragged and dirty, so that she must keep away from best rooms. Seven years 
 pass in this way. — (4) Son of the house thinks of marrying, and gives grand 
 ball, to which all lovely girls near are invited. Seeing them arrive in lovely 
 dresses, heroine longs to go to ball, and remembers he r thre e^eggs^ Having 
 finished work, she wishes for lovely dress, which she dons and goes to ball. 
 Son of the house is charmed, and, before she leaves, begs for her handkerchief, 
 giving his own in exchange. She returns to her room and puts on rags. 
 Everyone talks of lovely stranger at ball, and heroine listens attentively. — 
 j[5) After four weeks young master gives second ball. Heroine makes use of 
 second wish, and obtains dress covered with diamonds. Everyone is astounded. 
 Young master declares his love for her, and wishes to wed her. Heroine 
 says she fears that he will rue his words when he learns who she is. He 
 protests he will love her best spite of anythin^j. They exchange rings. She is 
 to return in four weeks to marry him. Heroine escapes secretly. She hears 
 all the girls talking about young master's lovely bride, but says nothing. — 
 (6) Day arrives for wedding-ball. Heroine remembers with alarm that she 
 has only one wish left, and she must keep this for emergency. So she cannot 
 attend ball, and bridegroom is very unhappy, and falls ill. — (7) No doctor 
 can ease him ; he thinks only of his bride, and nearly dies of grief. Heroine, 
 learning this from cook whom she assists, reproaches herself for not having 
 spent third wish in going to ball. She thinks day and night how to help 
 lover. Doctor orders soup for invalid, and heroine begs cook to let her make 
 it. This is at length permitted. Heroine puts her betrothal -ring in soup, 
 which cook takes to young master. He enjoys all the soup, then sees ring 
 and sends for cook, who is very distressed, knowing nothing of ring, and 
 
320 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 confesses at last that kitchen-maid prepared soup. Heroine is fetched, young 
 master calls her an ugly, dirty thing, and asks how she got ring. She 
 answers humbly that the kind master gave it her himself. He reviles her, and 
 orders her out of the room. Heroine washes herself, puts on dress of 
 diamonds, and taking with her first ball-dress, and the handkerchief young 
 master gave her, goes again to his room. Servant is standing on guard at 
 the door, and, seeing the true bride, wishes to be the first to tell young master, 
 and in his haste falls downstairs and breaks a leg. Another servant, standing 
 below, is blinded by the glitter of the diamonds. — (8) Heroine appears before 
 ^ young master, who recognises her, and is instantly well. Heroine says, " This 
 is the ugly, dirty kitchen- maid whom you drove away, and who said you 
 would not marry her when you knew who she was." She relates everything, 
 and shows first ball-dress and handkerchief. He begs her forgiveness, and 
 they are married. His mother is indignant at his marrying kitchen-maid. — 
 (9) Heroine has daughter ; mother-in-law takes it away and throws it in lake.^ 
 She does the same with heroine's second daughter, and tells son that his wife 
 is a murderess. — (lo) He orders wife to be burnt. She is shut up, and the 
 \ great oven made red hot. When she can no longer bear heat, heroine remem- 
 bers third wish, and wishes for godmother, the water-nymph. She appears 
 instantly, cools everything, and opens room. Tells heroine that she has 
 rescued her children thrown into lake, and that she will place them to-day, 
 with written paper, on shore of lake. Thence heroine must fetch them. — 
 II) When the two daughters, both very beautiful, come to castle, father 
 recognises them as his own children, realises crime of mother-in-law, and begs 
 forgiveness of wife. Wicked mother is punished, and the rest live happily. 
 Heroine rewards those who were her fellow-servants, and especially the cook 
 who allowed her to make the soup. 
 
 180 Melustne, t. iii (1886), col. 404-5. (From the neighbourhood of 
 
 Redon [Ille-et-Vilaine].) 
 
 "Peau d'Ane." 
 [The beginning of the story is missing. ] 
 
 (i) The two sisters, who are splendidly dressed, meet on the road a man 
 leading a donkey, which they persuade him to sell them. The girl who is in 
 love with the king's son dresses in the ass-skin, and takes service at castle so 
 as to be near him. — (2) She is sent to mind turkeys, and, when she returns in 
 the evening, she will not leave the hearth, but sits throwing grains of salt 
 into the fire. Once prince's mother, finding her thus engaged, asks what is 
 crackling in the fire. " They are lice." — (3) In the daytime, thinking herself 
 alone in the fields, she doffs ass-skin to admire reflection in the spring, of the 
 
 See note 52. 
 
M^LUSINE. — MIJATOVICS. — MILA. 321 
 
 robes she has worn underneath. One day the prince, out hunting, happens to 
 see her. A chaffinch in the bush says : 
 
 ** Ass-skin, Ass-skin, hide thee, 
 For the prince has spied thee." 
 
 Prince goes home, madly in Jove. — (4) He feigns illness, and goes to bed. 
 Mother asks what he would like. He says a cake made by Peau d'Ane. 
 "What! that dirty girl?" — (5) Peau d'Ane makes cake, and slips her ring 
 into it.— (6) Prince will wed girl whose finger this ring will fit. After Mass 
 on Sunday, all the girls are made to file past castle, and ring is tried on 
 each. It will only fit the last, who is Peau d'Ane. — (7) Prince marries her. 
 
 Madame Csedomille Mijatovics, Serbian Folk-lore. London, 
 1874. Pp. 59-66. 
 
 " Papalluga ; or, The Golden Slipper." 
 
 (See Denton, No. 31.) 
 
 MiLA Y FoNTANALS, Ohservacio7ies sobre la poesia popular, '^. 181. 76 
 (A Catalonian tale translated by Wolf in Proben portugiesischer 
 und Catalanischer Volksromancen. Wien, 1856. P. 43.) 
 
 "La Cenicienta." 
 
 Heroine is cruelly treated by her stepmother, who leaves her at home to shell 
 a sack of millet and a sack of small white beans {judias). Heroine sits weep- 
 ing ; female saint comes and r'sks why j promises to perform task, and gives 
 her almond containing golden dress. Heroine dons it and goes to Mass. 
 Prince falls in love with her. She returns before stepmother and stepsister, 
 who tell her of the lovely stranger. " Perhaps so, perhaps not ; perhaps it 
 was 1 " (/a/ ves se, tal vez no, ial vez era yd). Both exclaim, *• You be quiet, 
 Cinderella, who fan ihe fire " [Cendrosa, veniafochs). Next day heroine must 
 cleanse a sack of rice whilst stepmother and stepsister go to ball. Saint again 
 appears, and gives her a nut containing a dress with bells {un vestido de cam- 
 panitas^), clad in which she goes to ball and dances with prince. She will 
 give him no information about herself, and escapes suddenly. In her haste 
 she loses a shoe, which prince finds. He will wed whomsoever it fits. Step- 
 sister cannot get it on. Cinderella is asked for, and stepmother says it is no 
 use for her to try. But she appears in the dress of bells, is recognised, [the 
 shoe fits her], and she is married to prince. 
 
 ^ This shows the antiquity of the tale. — Wolf. 
 
322 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 77 Prof. Moltke Moe's Unpublished Collection. Christiania, 
 (From Ostre Moland, near Arendal.) 
 
 " Fjos-lubba" (Stable-slut). 
 
 (i) Widower with one daughter marries widow with one daughter. Heroine 
 must live in the stable, clothed in rags, and is not allowed to go to church. — 
 (2) When the others have started heroine takes her comb, goes down to the 
 liver, and sits under a large lime-tree combing her hair. A bird begins singing 
 overhead, and whilst Fjos-lubba pauses to listen, an old woman steps out of 
 tree and asks why she looks so mournful. Heroine tells her, and is then 
 invited to follow old woman into tree. Here she gets a red-silk dress and 
 redsilk shoes, and is sent off to church. On leaving she must remember to 
 say, "Light before me, dark behind me !" and then return to tree and say : 
 *' Lime-tree, lime-tree, 
 Open for me." 
 
 j When she gets home afterwards she is to drink the milk of the black cow 
 
 1 nearest the stable door, for this will give her a fair white skin. — (3) Next 
 
 Sunday heroine gets a silver dress, silver shoes, and two silver singing birds 
 
 to sit on her shoulders — (4) The third Sunday she gets everything ot gold. 
 
 She loses one gold shoe. Prince goes about trying to find its owner. — 
 
 (5) Stepsister, urged by her mother, cuts her heel and toe, but as the prince is 
 driving with her past the lime-tree a little bird sits there singing, ** Cut off 
 heel, cut off toe ! The golden shoe is full of blood." Three times it sings, 
 and then the prince understands, and returns to try the shoe on Fjos-lubba. — 
 
 (6) It fits her. She asks prince to wait a moment, runs to the lime tree, and 
 returns in her golden dress. 
 
 78 Ibid. (From Bo, Thelemarken.) 
 
 " K^lldottera" (The Old Man's Daughter). 
 
 (i) Man's daughter is sent by her stepmother to herd cattle, with little or 
 nothing to eat. — (2) One day some small birds come and ask heroine for some 
 food . She gives them part of the little she has for herself, and receives in 
 return a dress like the sun, one like the moon, and a third like the stars. The 
 birds tell her to hide them in a hollow oak. — (3) Stepmother and daughter go 
 to church, bidding heroine stay behind in the stable. Heroine dons slar-dress 
 and follows them. Next Sunday she wears the moon-dress, and on the third 
 Sunday the sun-dress. *' White before, black behind ! that none may see 
 // mel" she says on leaving church, — (4) Third Sunday she loses her shoe. 
 King goes about trying it on everyone, and at last comes to stepmother's house. 
 — (5) Stepsister cuts her heel and her toe. The birds sing, "Cut heel, cut 
 toe ! in the stable sits the owner of the shoe !" 
 
PROF. MOES MS. COLLECTION. 323 
 
 Ibid. (From the same district.) 79 
 
 " Manddottera." 
 
 (i) Stepmother makes husband's daughter live in the pigstye. Her own 
 daughter goes to church. — (2) Heroine, left behind, goes and sits on a hill 
 and weeps. An old wife^ steps out of hill and asks why. ** I'm not allowed 
 to go to church. My sister may go." Old woman brings her a basket and a 
 silk dress. She is to don the latter, then sit in the basket and say : 
 
 *' Darkness behind me, and light on my way ; 
 Carry me quickly to church to-day !" 
 
 When she wishes to return she must say : 
 
 ** Darkness behind me, light on my way, 
 Carry me, carry me home to-day !" 
 
 (3) Next Sunday heroine gets a silver dress and a silver basket, and on the 
 third Sunday a gold dress and a gold basket. — (4) But that day prince 
 manages to get hold of her shoe, and heroine returns in tears to old woman. 
 *' Don't cry ; I shall contrive that nobody you expect will be able to wear the - 
 shoe." — (5) King's son at last finds heroine, and promises to marry her. She 
 is to follow later to the castle. — (6) On the road they pass a little lake wherein 
 bride wants to behold her face. Stepsister pushes her in ; cuts her own heel 
 and toe to get on the shoe, and puts on bride's dress. When she arrives at 
 the castle a bird sings thrice : 
 
 " Cut off heel and cut off toe ; 
 The bride treads blood in the golden shoe !" 
 
 Then the prince tears off her shoes and stockings and turns her out. 
 
 [The tale passes into that of ' * Buskebrud". Heroine appears three Thurs- 
 day nights in the castle, and is saved the third time by the prince.] 
 
 Ibid. (From the same district. Apparently a mixture of a read 80 
 tale and a taie learnt orally. — M. M.) 
 
 "Aaskepot." 
 
 ( I ) Man's daughter sits shovelling the ashes. Prince, having heard of the 
 two beautiful girls, invites them and their parents. But heroine is not allowed 
 to go. '• You are too ugly and too ragged !" "I'm sure to get a dress if only 
 I may go !" — (2) She has a little bird that helps her always. This time it gives 
 her a beautiful dress and a pair of gold shoes. So she is allowed to go. 
 King's son likes heroine best. — (3) In parting from him she purposely leaves 
 
 ^ In a variant it is a huldre^ an underground woman, fair, but hav'rg a tail, 
 
 Y 2 
 
324 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 one of her shoes behind. King's son picks it up and calls upon the girls to 
 try it on. — (4) Stepmother whispers to her daughter : 
 
 *' Your toe you'll cut, your heel you'll pare, 
 And so the golden shoe may wear !" 
 
 Girl does so, but having cut too sparingly, she cannot get the shoe on. 
 Heroine tries next with better luck. 
 
 81 ^bid. (From Setesdalen.) 
 
 " Kaddedotteri" (The Man's Daughter). 
 
 (i) Man's daughter and her stepsister are to compete in spinning. Step- 
 mother gives own daughter a wool-spinning wheel, and gives heroine a moss- 
 spinning wheel. Girls are to sit in the well-house, ^ or on a bridge, and the 
 one who first finishes her task is to be thrown into the well (or river). — 
 (2) Heroine finishes first ; she sinks down into a green meadow. [The tale 
 proceeds like " Manddatteren og Kyserringdatteren", Asbjornsen, No. XV. 
 Heroine is rewarded, stepsister punished (toads fall from her mouth when she 
 speaks).] — (3) Stepmother is still more unkind to heroine ; makes her clean 
 the stables, and calls her ** Dung-slut". — (4) Stepmother and stepsister go to 
 church, leaving heroine at home to gather up peas thrown into the ashes. — 
 (5) Weeping, .she sets to work, when a vcctte (an underground troll, ghost) 
 enters from hill outside, learns cause of her trouble, leads her into the hill, 
 dresses her beautifully, gives her gold shoes, a knife and a scabbard, and a 
 horse, and sends her to church, telling her to pretend not to see when prince 
 takes her shoe and knife, and should he ask whence she comes, to say, 
 "From Waterland." — (6) Heroine does as bidden. — (7) A week later prince 
 comes to stepmother's house with the shoe. He rides off with stepsister, 
 who has cut heel and toe in order to get shoe on. They pass a beautiful 
 lime-tree, where some small birds sit chirping : 
 
 '• The wounded heels and toes they drip, 
 And fill with blood the golden shoes. 
 Chippy-chippy, chip-chip-chip ! 
 
 The girl in the stable you should choose !" 
 
 (8) They pass another lime-tree and hear the same song. Then prince looks 
 round and sees blood dripping from the shoes of the false bride, and throws 
 her from the horse (for she is sitting behind him) ; then returns and calls forth 
 the Stable-slut, who runs to the hill, dons her beautiful dress, and marries 
 him. 
 
 1 There is generally a house built over a well in Norway. 
 
325 
 
 Ibid. (A fragment written down by J. Moe.) 82 
 
 " LiTA KjERSTi" (Little Christina). 
 
 (i) Heroine is starved by her stepmother. — (2) At her mother's tomb she 
 receives a wand ; she must touch the horns of the ox with one end of it to get 
 food, and with the other end to get drink. — (3) She walks thrice round a hill, 
 saying, " White before me, black behind me !" then enters the hill ; finds 
 therein food and drink, three horses, and three dresses. — (4) She goes to 
 church on three Sundays, later than her stepmother ; drops her glove, her shoe, 
 and her ring on leaving. 
 
 Ibid. (From Bo, Thelemarken, South Norway.) 83 
 
 "Kari Trestakk" (i). 
 
 [This story resembles Kari Trsestak (see No. 30), except that the troll in 
 the copper wood has six horns, in the silver wood eight, and in the golden 
 wood ten. Also this formula occurs : 
 
 " Light before, behind me dark ! 
 
 Whither I ride no man shall mark."] 
 
 Ibid. (From the same place. Probably derived from 84 
 
 Asbjornsen's tale in Nor. — M. M.) 
 
 " Kari Trestakk" (2). 
 
 (i) Parents die, leaving nothing for their children but a pan for baking flat 
 loaves and a cat. The boy takes the pan and the girl the cat. — (2) Heroine 
 enters king's service at castle. Cat catches venison, and thus -procures a 
 copper dress, a silver dress, and a gold dress for heroine. First time she goes 
 to church she drops her whip, the second time her handkerchief, the third 
 time her golden shoe. 
 
 [The story proceeds in the usual manner.] 
 
 Ibid. (From the same place.) 85 
 
 "Kari Trestakk" (3). 
 
 (i) Kari sets out into the world, having a copper, a silver, and a gold dress. 
 — (2) She encounters an ox, which asks her to cut off its head. She does so 
 and it is changed into a beautiful horse, upon which she rides to king's castle. 
 — (3) There she dresses in a wooden cloak and c^ogs. 
 
 [The continuation is like " Kari Traestak' (No. 30).] 
 
 " A cut heel, a cut toe ! 
 In the stable she sits whom alone the shoe fits. 
 
326 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 86 Ibid. (From the same place.) 
 
 " Kari Trestakk" (4). 
 
 (i) Heroine takes service in king's castle. She is so poor that she wears a 
 wooden petticoat [stakk). — (2) She is told to carry bath-water to king, who, 
 hearing noise on the stairs, looks out and throws the water over heroine's 
 head. — (3) She is ordered to fetch more water, which cook is to carry up- 
 stairs. Sinking the tub in the rivulet, she catches a fish which asks to be set 
 free, promising as reward a gold dress, a horse, and a golden saddle. Heroine 
 liberates the fish and gets the promised reward. — (4) Presently she asks to go 
 to church. " What do you want with going to church, having nothing but a 
 wooden dress ?" But she gets permission, then hies to the rivulet for her 
 golden dress and all. King sees her and falls in love. She escapes, saying : 
 
 ** Light before, behind me dark I 
 Whither I ride shall no one mark." 
 
 (5) She loses her shoe ; it is taken to king, who has it tried on all the girls. 
 One of them cuts her heel and toe, and squeezes her foot into it. A small 
 bird in a tree warbles : 
 
 *' Cut off your heel, cut off your toe 1 
 The gold shoe fits a girl I know." 
 
 King turns back with the false bride, and the shoe is tried on Kari's foot, and 
 fits her. 
 
 37 Ibid. (From Bo, or Hitterdal, in Thelemarken.) 
 
 " Sjukdottera" (Dialect. =The Stepdaughter). 
 
 (i) Widower with one daughter marries again. Stepmother is kind to her 
 own daughter, but abuses heroine. — (2) One day they are all to go to a place 
 called " Vald", but heroine must stay at home. She cries, and begs to go 
 too. She may go if she can gather up the two quarts of peas which step- 
 mother throws in the ashes, and separate the worm-eaten from the sound. 
 Heroine calls to the birds : 
 
 '* Come, all my little birdies, please, 
 And help me sort these scattered peas ; • 
 The worm-eaten eat, but ne'er another ; 
 The best I must have to give my stepmother." 
 
 Birds come and quickly perform task. — (3) Stepmother then throws three 
 quarts of peas into the ashes, and they are gathered and sorted in the same 
 way. Still heroine is not allowed to go. — (4) She sits on her mother's grave 
 weeping. An angel from heaven brings her a golden dress. She goes after 
 the others ; the king sees her and falls in love. 
 [The narrator remembered no more.] 
 
PROF. MOES MS. COLLECTION. 327 
 
 Ibid. 
 " Tr/eklatra" {klatra = to make a noise ; trcE = wood). 181 
 
 (i) Man and wife have a daughter. Wife, dying, gives husband a ring, 
 making him promise to marry whomsoever it fits. — (2) Daughter puts it on, 
 and father wants to marry her. She demands, first, a wooden cloak ; secondly, 
 a feather cloak, a h )rse and carriage ; lastly, a golden dress, gold carriage and 
 horses. — (3) Having obtained all these things, heroine escapes, hides fine 
 clothes in a hill, dons wooden cloak, and takes service in king's castle. — {4) 
 On first Sunday she carries bath-water to the prince ; afterwards goes to 
 church in feather- dress, and tells prince she comes from " Water-land". — (5) 
 Next Sunday she takes him a towel, and ttUs him in church that she comes 
 from ** Towel-land". — (6) Third Sunday she takes him a handkerchief; says 
 she comes from '* Handkerchief- land." She loses her golden shoe. 
 
 [Prof. Moe says that the conclusion of the story resembles that of *' Kari 
 Traesiak" (see No. 30), except that there are no sisters.] 
 
 Ibid. (From Flatdal.) 182 
 
 "Jenten MED Kraakeskindskjolen" (The Girl with the 
 Crow-skin Cloak). 
 
 (i) Widowed king wants to marry his daughter. — (2) She is unwilling, 
 and, counselled by old woman, demands from father, first, a dress like the 
 stars, then one like the moon, afterwards one like the sun, and, lastly, a gown 
 of crows' skins. When she has obtained all these, she is to join old woman 
 in the garden. Father complies with all her demands. ** You can imagine 
 how the price of crows' skins went up." — (3) At the appointed time heroine 
 repairs to the garden, taking all the dresses. There she finds a horse, mounts 
 it, and rides off to the castle of another king. Horse asks to be put in a 
 small cottage. — (4) Heroine is made scullery- maid. On Sunday she gets per- 
 mission to go to church, puts on her star dress, and rides off. All the people 
 gaze at her, and the prince tries to overtake her, but her horse is too swift. 
 "Well, didn't the people stare at you?*' asks the cook. "Can't help it it 
 they did," says heroine. — (5) Next Sunday she wears the moon dress, and on 
 third Sunday the sun dress. — (6) That day the prince gets hold of one of her 
 shoes. All the girls are to try it on, and at length it is heroine's turn. " I'm 
 obliged to try it on you too, for there is hardly anyone else left." '* You 
 don't suppose it would fit me, do you?'' says heroine, raising her skirt just a 
 little, that prince may catch a glimpse of the beautiful gown she wears beneath. 
 You may imagine how glad he was ! 
 
328 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 293 MoLBECH, Udvalgte Eventyr. 1854. Vol. i, p. iii. No. XXI. 
 
 (From Jutland.) 
 
 " PiGEN I Museskindspelsen" (The Girl in the Mouse-skin 
 
 Cloak). 
 
 ., (l) A squire has an only daughter, for whom, during war, he has a chamber 
 
 made in a mound. Here she must remain for seven years, if not in the mean- 
 time liberated. After that period she might suppose her father dead. For 
 seven years heroine sits underground, spinning, weaving, and sewing, and 
 makes herself two beautiful dresses, one of silver, one golden. Then, her 
 victuals being exhausted, she begins to dig her way out. — (2) Her dog catches 
 mice, which she skins and fries, and, at last, she makes herself a large cloak 
 out of the skins. Having crept out of mound, she fastens the skins that were 
 over on small sticks round the mound, covers her gold dress with the mouse- 
 skin cloak, and sets out to her old home. Her father has long been dead. — 
 (3) The new squire is about to be married. Heroine gets employed as 
 scullery-maid, her face being hidden by a hood. On the eve of the wedding- 
 day the bride calls her, confides to her her love for someone else, and per- 
 suades heroine to take her place in church. — (4) Next morning, under pre- 
 tence of letting also the poor scullery-maid see her in wedding attire, the bride 
 sends for heroine, then changes dresses with her, covering herself with the 
 large mouse-skin cloak. On the way to church heroine says, as they pass the 
 mound where she was buried : 
 
 ** Yonder the sticks are standing yet 
 Whereon the mouse-skins I did set ; 
 Poor wretch that I was, when, day after day, 
 I sat in the hill, with a heart never gay." 
 
 **What do you say, my love?" **I was only talking to myself!" In the 
 church the portraits of her parents, hanging on either side of the altar, turn 
 themselves round before her eyes, and she says : 
 
 "Turn, beautiful pictures, yourselves turn once more. 
 Dear father and mother, 'tis I who implore." 
 
 Instantly they turn back again ; the squire once more asking what she said, 
 and getting same reply. He puts the ring on her finger, and they return home, 
 when girls exchange dresses again. — (5) In the evening, whilst dancing with 
 his bride, the squire misses the wedding-ring, and asks where it is. Bride 
 says she left it on the window-sill, and runs out to get it. Heroine will not 
 give up, but consents to stand behind bride in dark passage, the candle 
 being extinguished, and stretch out her hand. The squire seizes her hand, 
 and, dragging her into the room, discovers, to his amazement, the girl in the 
 mouse-skin cloak. All gather round them wondering ; heroine drops the 
 cloak, and stands forth in her golden dress. — (6) She tells everything, and the 
 marriage is joyful. The other girl marries her love, and receives from heroine 
 riches and gold in plenty. 
 
MONSEUR.— MiJLLENHOFF. 329 
 
 E. Mo^^^v"^^ Le Folk-lore Wallon. Bruxelles, 1892. P. xxx. 314' 
 (Narrated to M. Simon at Chatelineau.) 
 
 (l) King asks liis three daughters how much they love him. Eldest 
 says, '* As much as bread" ; second, " As much as wine" ; and youngest says, 
 "As much as salt''. — (2) Thmking youngest daughter does not love him at 
 all, king has her shut outside palace-gates. — (3) Another king, disapproving of 
 this treatment, takes heroine to his own palace. — (4) One day he arranges a 
 banquet, to which he invites heroine's father. The repast is sumptuous, but 
 ihe salt is omitted in everything. When king is asked if the dishes are nice, 
 he replies each time, *' Yes, but it is a pity there is no salt !" Finally, he 
 comprehends the intention, and is rejoiced to take his daughter home again. 
 
 MuLLENHOFF, Karl, Scige/i, Mdrcheii und Lieder der Herzogthilmer 294 
 Schlesivig Holstein iind Lauenburg. Kiel, 1845. ^P- 39 ^"94- 
 No. V. (From Meldorf.) 
 
 "JUNGFER MaLEEN." 
 
 ( I ) King has daughter called Jungfer Maleen ; will not allow her to marry 
 son of another king. He walls her up in a high tower with a chambermaid, 
 and provisions for seven years. No light enters the tower, and they only 
 know by victuals being spent when the seven years have passed. No one 
 comes to liberate them. — (2) They try to make a hole in wall, and after 
 three days' boring a ray of light is admitted. When they can look out heroine 
 sees that father's castle is destroyed, the towns and villages burned, the fields 
 laid waste, and no human soul in sight. They make hole large enough to 
 creep through and get out. The enemy have slain all the inhabitants and 
 driven the king away. Heroine and maid wander through kingdom without 
 finding food or lodging ; must feed on stinging-nettles. — (3) They reach a 
 foreign land, and vainly seek employment till at length they are both engaged 
 at palace as scullions to blow the fire {Aschenpuster). The king's son is the 
 prince to whom heroine had been plighted. — (4) He is now to marry a certam 
 princess at court, but she is so ugly that she is shy at being seen, and on the 
 wedding-day calls heroine, and asks her to wear her clothes and go to church 
 in her stead. Heroine refuses, till princess threatens her hfe ; then she con- 
 sents. Everyone is astounded when lovely bride enters room. On the way to 
 church they pass a bush of stinging-nettles. Heroine says : 
 
 " Brennettelbusch, 
 
 Brennettelbusch so klene, 
 Wat steist du hier allene ? 
 
 For abstract of this story see Appendix. 
 
33© CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Ik hef de Tyt geweten. 
 Da hef ik dy 
 Ungesaden, 
 UEgebraden eten." 
 
 (Nettle-bush, little nettle-bush, what are you doing all alone ? I have 
 known the time when I ate you unboiled, unroasted. ) 
 
 King's son asks what she says. She replies, *' Nothing ; I was only saying 
 something about Jungfer Maleen." He wonders what ihe can know about 
 her, but says nothing. When they cross the bridge in front of church heroine 
 says : 
 
 •'Karkstegels, brik nich. 
 Biin de rechte Brut nich." 
 
 (Foot-bridge, break not ! I am not the true bride. ) 
 
 Again he asks what she says, receiving same reply. He asks whether she 
 knows Jungfer Maleen, who sits imprisoned in a tower. She replies she does 
 not know her ; has only heard of her. At church-door heroine says : 
 
 ** Karkendar, brik nich. 
 Biin de rechte Brut nich." 
 
 (Church-door, break not ! I am not the true bride.) 
 
 Same question and answer. Then he fastens costly trinket round her neck, 
 and they are married. — (5) When they return home heroine must exchange 
 her lovely clothes with princess, but she keeps necklace for herself. In the 
 evening king's son asks bride what she said to the stinging-nettle. She 
 replies that she has spoken to no stinging-nettle. He insists on knowing, so 
 she says : 
 
 ** Mut beruet na myne Maegt, 
 De my myn Gedanken draegt." 
 
 (I must go and seek my maid, who keeps my thoughts for me.) 
 
 Jungfer Maleen repeats what she had said in the morning, and bride runs back 
 to tell bridegroom. He then asks what she said at church -bridge, and she 
 must again consult heroine, whose life she threatens. Same thing happens 
 when prince would know what was said at church-door. Then he asks for the 
 necklace, and knows that she is not the right bride. — (6) She confesses every- 
 thing, and prince sends her to fetch Jungfer Maleen. But she goes instead to 
 call servants, and bid them murder Jungfer Maleen. They drag her out, 
 and are about to behead her, when king's son steps up, and knows by the 
 necklace that heroine is his own bride. He looks at her more closely, and 
 recognises his first love. — (7) They are married, and the other princess be- 
 headed. 
 
NEMCOVA. NERUCCI. 33 1 
 
 Mme. B. Nemcova, Slovens ke pohddky a povesti (Slovac Tales B8 
 and Legends). Prague, 1857. Pp. 511-22. No. XLVIII. 
 
 " O Popelusce" (De la Cendrillon). 
 
 (i) Pcpelusce has a kind father, but is ill-treated by stepmother, who has 
 daughter of her own. — (•2) Father goes to a fair, and asks girls what he shall 
 bring them home. Heroine asks for whatever hits his face after he has 
 passed the forest. The branch of a nut-tree hits him, and he brings it home 
 for heroine, with a ^^^ nuts. — (3) She wants to go to church, but step- 
 mother forbids her, and mixes millet with the ashes for her to separate. — (4) 
 Heroine goes to well to wash herself; the nuts drop into well ; she weeps ; 
 a frog rises with one of the nuts in its mouth, and says, ** Open it !*' 
 Heroine finds inside a dress like the sun. Six pigeons appear, perform task, 
 and dress heroine. — (5) She hies to church, saying: "The mist is behind 
 me ; the mist is before me ; God's sun is above me." Everyone looks at 
 her ; so does the prince, who questions all as to who she is ; but no one 
 knows. Heroine surrounds herself with mist on leaving, goes home, hides 
 dress in the nut-shell, and puts it under a stone, calling to frog in the well to 
 guard it. — (6) All happens the same next Sunday ; she wears dress like the 
 moon. — (7) On the third Sunday she wears dress of stars, and loses her shoe 
 in the pitch. — (8) Prince visits every house, trying the shoe. He comes to 
 heroine's. Stepmother cuts own daughter's foot to make it small enough. 
 Prince inquires if she has any other children ; she says no ; but the cock 
 sings out, ** There's a pretty girl under the trough !" for it is there that step- 
 mother has hidden her. — (9) Prince marries her. The pigeons and the cock 
 accompany her; so does her old father. 
 
 Gherardo Nerucci, Sessanta Novelle popolari Montalesi (cir- 
 condario di Pistoia). Firenze, 1880. Pp. 106-10. No. XIII. 
 (Narrated by Luisa, widow of Ginanni.) 
 
 " Occhi-Marci." 
 (See Comparetti, No. 215.) 
 
 Ibid., pp. 280-85. Novella XXXII. (Told by Luisa, widow of 246 
 
 Ginanni.) 
 
 " La Ragazza Serpe." 
 
 (I) Poor man loses young wife, who leaves lovely baby called Rosina. 
 He marries again, and second wife bears ugly child, called Assunta. Child- 
 ren grow up, and go to school together. Assunta, who is ill-tempered. 
 
332 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 tells mother that people they meet say how black and ugly Assunta is, how 
 charmingly rosy and beautiful is Rosina. " I won't go with her any more !" 
 Mother tells her the people are quite right ; her daughter is black, because 
 her own skin is dark. She should not heed such remarks. Assunta says, 
 "You are against me, too!" and begins to weep. Mother asks what will 
 comfort her. "Send Rosina to mind cows, and give her a pound of hemp 
 to spin. If she comes home at night with cows unfed and hemp unspun, hit 
 her with a stick, and make her ugly." — (2) Mother, yielding reluctantly to 
 daughter's caprice, calls heroine, sends her to cut fodder for the cows, and 
 gives her hemp to spin. Rosina goes sad at heart, saying on the way, * * My 
 cows ! How am I to cut grass for you, when I have got all this hemp 
 to spin?" One of the cows suddenly turns, and says, "Don't be uneasy, 
 Rosina ! you mow the grass for this evening, and we will spin the hemp and 
 wind it into skeins. You have only to say : 
 
 * Dear little cow, my little cow ! 
 Spin with your mouth, spin for me now, 
 Wind with your horns, again, again, 
 Quickly make it into a skein.' " 
 
 When heroine returns at dusk with bundle of grass and hemp, spun and 
 wound, Assunta is enraged.— (3) She persuades mother to give Rosina twice 
 the quantity of hemp next day, and to beat her to death if it is not spun. 
 Rosina tells cows of imposssble task, and same cow replies as before. 
 Assunta is terribly angry when Rosina returns at night with task done, and 
 asks how on earth she has managed it. Rosina says the cows helped her. — 
 (4) Assunta tells mother that Rosina shall do housework to-morrow, and she 
 will go with cows and do the spinning. She hits their tails with a stick as she 
 follows them. Arrived at the fields, she puts the hemp on their horns, and 
 then beats them so vigorously, because they do nothing with it, that cows 
 toss their heads till hemp is all tangled. When she returns at night, with no 
 bundle of hay, but with cows knocked about and hemp in a muddle, mother 
 asks what she has been doing. Assunta says cows were unruly, and she had 
 to beat them. Mother reproves her for bad temper. — (5) After some days, 
 Assunta, always trying to harm Rosina, says to mother, " I want to eat some 
 gallonzoli. Send Rosina to-night to pick some from peasant's field." Rosina 
 objects to being made to steal, but, as Assunta insists, she goes to pick the 
 gallonzoli, and finds a turnip, which she tries to pull up. She tugs and tugs ; 
 at last turnip comes out, and underneath it are five tiny little toads — a nest of 
 toads, in fact. — (6) Rosina takes them in her hands to put into her lap, when 
 one slips through her fingers, and, in trying to save it, she breaks its leg. 
 "Poor thing! I didn't mean to hurt you." But the other toads are very 
 comfortable in her lap, and are considering how they shall repay girl's kind- 
 ness. "She shall be the fairest in the world, and shall shine like the sun 
 when the sun has set." But the lame toad exclaims, " I mean to see justice 
 done ! She should take care how she throws a fellow down and injures him. 
 As a punishment she shall become a serpent when she sees the sun, and only 
 return to a girl if she gets into the oven and is scorched." — (7) Rosina 
 
NERUCCI. DE NINO. 333 
 
 returns home with the gallonzoli^ half glad, half sad. Mother and Assunta 
 see how much more lovely she has become, and how she shines like the sun, 
 so that near her one can see by night as well as by daylight. She tells them 
 all that has happened, and begs them to do her the kindness never to send 
 her out in the sun, lest she become a serpent. So Rosina never goes out, 
 except at night. — (8) Once, whilst she is sitting at her window singing, king's 
 son goes by whistling, and, turning his eyes to where he sees a great light, 
 beholds this girl, almost blinding to look upon. He is astonished to see 
 so much loveliness in such a poor hut, and goes in and asks questions, till 
 Rosina at length tells of her misfortune. In spite of this he means to marry 
 her, though mother says girl will get him into nice trouble should she turn 
 into a serpent. Prince says that's his affair. He shall send closed carriage 
 for her, so that sun shall not hurt her, and he will pay mother for bringing 
 her to palace, — (9) Mother and Assunta, compelled to obey, make prepara- 
 tions for Rosina's departure with an ill- grace. Mother accompanies her 
 in closed carriage, which has only one little aperture in the top to admit air 
 at pleasure. Behind carriage stands the driver (as they used at one time in 
 Florence), with plumes in his hat, a gorgeous livery, and a sword dangling at 
 his side. Mother says to him, *' I'll give you \.&a. paoHM you'll open the hole 
 at the top when the sun shines. I can't stand being suffocated like this." 
 He agrees to do so, and when mother gives him a sign, just at noon, when 
 the sun is shining in all its strength, he opens the shutter, letting a ray 
 of sunlight fall on Rosina's head, transforming her into a serpent,^ which 
 glides away into the wood. When king's son finds only mother in carriage, 
 he weeps scalding tears, and is almost disposed to kill mother and coachman. 
 — (10) In the royal palace there is a special kitchen, and oven for cooking 
 food for the poor. One day, cook being busy preparing big dinner for Court 
 guests, and wanting to make oven extra hot, puts on the fire some fresh 
 brushwood, brought in that morning. All at once he sees a serpent amongst 
 the twigs, and it is thrown right into the flames ere he can save it. Whilst 
 trying to drive it out at oven's mouth, all at once a most beautiful girl emerges, 
 naked, and shining like the sun. Cook calls out that there is a girl in the 
 oven, and the Court and the king's son run to see. — (11) He recognises 
 Rosina, and takes her to his room. She lives happily, and has never any- 
 thing more to fear. 
 
 K-^TO-iiiio V>-^ ^1^0, Usi e costumi abruzzesi. Firenze, 1883. 183 
 Vol. iii, Fiabe^ pp. 90-98. No. XVII. 
 
 " Ze' Suverina" = Zia Sugherina (Dame Cork). 
 
 {^Editor's note. — This story is narrated in the following districts of the 
 Abruzzi ; Introdacqua, Pacentro, Pettorano, Roccapia, Sulmonia, etc. In 
 Catignano, Citta Sant' Angelo, Loreto Aprutino, Pianella, Spoltore, etc, it is 
 
 ^ See note 53. 
 
334 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 called "Caterina di Legno", because, in place of cork-dress, heroine shuts 
 herself up in a hollow wooden statue, and repairs to the wood, where count's 
 son finds her. Elsewhere the story is also called "La Vecchia vavosa" 
 (bavosa).] 
 
 (l) Before dying, wife makes husband promise to marry no one who cannot 
 wear the gold ring she leaves him. Many ladies try it in vain. — (2) One day 
 he sees ring on daughter's finger, and since she alone can wear it, says he is 
 destined to marry her. — (3) Heroine confides in old fairy, who comforts her, 
 and bids her demand from father a dress embroidered in gold with as many 
 stars as there are in the sky. Father finds the dress, and heroine again con- 
 sults fairy. She next demands dress embroidered in silver with as many fishes 
 as there are in the sea, and when this is procured, a dress with sun in front 
 and moon behind ; lastly, a cork-dress which shall cover her from head to 
 foot. — (4) Counselled by fairy, she now marries father. She sends him to bed 
 whilst she goes to wash her feet, puts two pigeons in vessel of water to make 
 a splashing, steals away to fairy, who wraps the three dresses round her, shuts 
 her in cork-dress, and throws her into the sea. — (5) King's son passing along 
 the shore sees curious body floating about, and thinking it a new sort of fish, 
 bids fisherman land it. Fish says, ** I am a poor old woman." King's son 
 takes her to palace as a curiosity. News spreads abroad, and old woman is 
 called Ze' Suverina^ **Dame Cork." Queen-mother asks what she can 
 do. "Nothing," says heroine. Surely she can mind goslings in the garden. 
 So heroine is put in poultry-house. Every day she sends in large basket of 
 eggs. Queen is pleased, and grows fond of old woman. — (6) Every Sunday 
 heroine doffs cork -dress, dons one of her fine dresses, gets up into a tree, lets 
 down her hair, and combs it. A quantity of golden pips {vachi) fall from 
 hair ; goslings pick them up, then surround tree and sing. — (7) One evening 
 heroine takes in basket of eggs as king's son is preparing to go to ball. She 
 asks where he is going. He won't tell. She insists ; he hits her with 
 boot. She returns to poultry-house, puts on dress with silver fishes, com- 
 mands carriage and servants, and goes to ball. King's son wants to dance 
 with her all the time ; asks her name : "Boot"; her father's name : "Boot"; 
 whence she comes : " From Mount Boot." She escapes ; king's son cannot 
 see whither, for she tosses handful of ashes into the air, causing thick mist. — 
 (8) Another evening she encounters king's son at palace, asks same question, 
 and gets fire-shovel by way of answer. She goes to ball clad in dress with gold 
 stars ; tells king's son her name is " Shovel"; her father is called " Shovel"; 
 she comes from "Mount Shovel". — (9) Third evening, when she insists 
 on knowing where king's son is going, she gets a blow with the tongs [si ebbe 
 una tenagliata) ; goes to ball, says she is Tongs, daughter of Tongs, of Mount 
 Tongs. King gives her ring as memento ; she escapes. — (10) King's son falls 
 ill with love. He wants a cake ; mother makes it. Heroine enters mean- 
 while and asks for one too ; queen makes it. Heroine puts her cake in the 
 oven beside the other, which gets burnt. Hers, being cooked to perfection, 
 is taken to prince, who finds inside it the ring he had given to unknown lady- 
 love. At his order heroine, who has meanwhile put on under cork-dress the 
 
DE NINO. — NOV. DELLA FIGLIA, ETC. ORTOLI. 335 
 
 dress with sun and moon, is brought before him. He will kill her if she does 
 not say instantly who gave her the ring. — (ii) She shrugs her shoulders; 
 down falls the cork-dress. King's son is cured, and marries her. 
 
 Novella della Fi^^Ha del re di Dacia. Pisa, 1866. Introduction 247 
 by Wesselofsky. P. xxix. (A Piedmontese story contributed 
 by Gubernatis.) 
 
 " Marion de Bosch." 
 
 (i) Stepmother loves her own ugly daughter, and ill-treats heroine, who is 
 beautiful, sending her to pasture with seven spindlefuls to spin. — (2) An old 
 woman (who is the Madonna) comes to heroine, and says, "Louse me." 
 " Willingly, if I hadn't to spin enough to fill seven spindles." Madonna 
 makes her put everything on horns of cows, and these spin for her. Then 
 Madonna asks, '* What have you found?" ^^ Dorini e granate.''^ [Another 
 version says, " Lice and nits ; a nice old woman you are !" and the Madonna 
 replies, "You shall find granate e doriniy\ Then Madonna says, "When 
 you get to the top of the mountain, turn round." Heroine does this, and a 
 star settles on her brow, making her still more beautiful. — (3) Stepmother 
 questions her, and sends own daughter to pasture with stuflF to spin, which 
 she does not trouble to do. She replies to Madonna, " I haven't time," and 
 Madonna asks her three times. Then she combs her, and when asked what 
 sbe has found, says, "Lice and nits, etc." Such, the Madonna says, she 
 shiU find. Then stepsister gets up to go, and Madonna tells her to turn 
 round when she gets to top of mountain. She does so, and an ass's tail comes 
 from her brow, and the more they cut it the more it grows. Stepmother is 
 very angry with heroine. — (4) King gives three balls. Heroine goes to the 
 mountain, and obtains from Madonna three lovely dresses, of gold, silver, and 
 steel. Heroine asks stepmother to let her go to ball ; but she gives her 
 a sack of grain to sort and count, and goes with stepsister to ball. — (5) 
 Heroine weeps, and Madonna comes, consoles her, sorts the grain herself, 
 and sends heroine to the ball, where she dances with prince. — (6) This hap- 
 pens three times, and no one sees whither heroine goes, because she throws 
 bran into the eyes of all.— (7) At third ball king gives his own ring to 
 heroine. — (8) He falls ill, and will eat nothing. Heroine dresses in wood, 
 and prepares gruel for king, and puts ring into it. — (9) He finds ring, sends 
 for heroine, makes her come forth from wooden dress, and marries her. 
 
 Ortoli, J. B. FRfeofeRic, Les contes popuiaires de Tile de Corse, 222 
 Paris, 1883. Pp. 48-56. No. IX. (Told in 1881 by Mdlle. 
 Adelaide de Alma, of Porto- Vecchio.) \ 
 
 "Marie la Fille du Roi." 
 
 (1) King asks his three children how much they love him. Eldest daugh- 
 ter and son reply in extravagant terms ; youngest daughter simply answers, 
 
33^ CINDERELLA VARIANTS . 
 
 ** As a submissive and devoted daughter ought to love such a father." For 
 this she is expelled from home, and taking embroidered gold and silver 
 dresses, sets forth. — (2) After travelling all night, she is about to knock at a 
 farm-house door, when she thinks her beauty too noticeable, and so retires to 
 forest, where she lives several weeks on wild fruits. She flays a dead ass 
 found by the roadside, and, clad in its hide, enters nobleman's service as goat- 
 herd at castle. — (3) One day she leads her flock to letired spot, washes 
 in stream, and dons royal garb. She sings the songs of her country in a sad 
 voice, and the goats leave off grazing. At nightfall she dons ass-skin, but is 
 surprised by the king's son, who has lost his way out hunting, and who has 
 seen and heard all. Forsaking her goats, she flees, and forgets one pretty 
 little shoe. — (4) Prince falls ill, and seeks pretty goatherd in vain. He will 
 wed whomsoever shoe fits. No one can get it on. — (5) Marie the goatherd, 
 with the ass-skin over her head, is fetched from neighbouring castle. Shoe fits 
 her, but prince's parents object to the marriage. Marie convinces them she is 
 a princess by donning her own clothes. — (6) She will not wed prince unless 
 her father acknowledges his error and comes to wedding. Messengers report 
 that the two elder children have dethroned him and put him in impenetrable 
 dungeon. Heroine requires her lover to restc re him 10 his throne. — (7) This 
 is accomplished after short war, but old kirg is insane. After a year his 
 senses are restored through heroine's devoted care. — (8) She then consents to 
 marry prince. 
 
 248 Ibid., pp. 75-80. No. XII. 
 
 "Les Trois Oranges." 
 
 (l) Stepmother is jealous of beautiful heroine, her own daughter being ugly, 
 and persuades father to drive her from home, telling bim that she has dis- 
 graced herself through being seen about with an officer. — (2) Outcast heroine 
 gathers three oranges. The first contains a tiny person who asks for drink, 
 and drinks the well dry, and then recommends heroine not to open other 
 oranges till she can offer enough water to quench thirst of people inside. 
 Heroine opens second orange at a river, which is drained dry ; the third by the 
 sea, which the fairy cannot exhaust. — (3) Fairy befriends heroine, and takes 
 her to live in castle. — (4) Prince passes by and a^ks to marry beautiful girl. 
 He is already engaged to her ugly sister, but his parents allow him to marry 
 heroine instead. — (5) Stepmother and stepsister die of envy. 
 
 249 Ibid., pp. 81-88. No. XIII. (Narrated in 1882 by Marie Ortoli 
 
 of Olmiccia-di-Tallano.) 
 
 "Les trois Pommes de Mariucella." 
 
 (i) Man has beautiful wife who bears daughter her exact image. One day, 
 when Mariucella is weaned, mother suddenly disappears, and father seeks her 
 in vain. — (2) He presently marries hideous woman with large fortune. She 
 
ORTOLI. 
 
 337 
 
 bears a daughter whom peasants nickname Dinticona (because of her great 
 ugly teeth). When girls grow up, Dinticona, spite of her costly dresses and 
 jewels, looks always unattractive, while Mariucella is lovely in her mean 
 attire. Stepmother is jealous of her, and sends her to mind cows, giving her 
 mohair to spin. But D. has beautiful fine linen. — (3) One day stepmother 
 says, if all the mohair is not spun by evening, M. shall be beaten and sent 
 starving to bed. M. weeps over impossible task. Cow approaches and says, 
 "Take comfort, Mariucella ! I am your mother ; I am a fairy and will spin 
 all your mohair. Come and let me wash you in the fountain." The cow 
 washes the girl and combs her golden hair ; then, having spun the mohair, 
 embraces her, and bids her tell no one what has happened. — (4) Next day 
 stepmother gives her twice the quantity to spin, so that there is not time for 
 her to be washed ; but cow has spun it all by evening. — (5) Next morning 
 stepmother follows to spy, sees cow spinning, and returns home exultant. 
 Cow also has seen stepmother, and begins to weep, and tells daughter what 
 she must do. When washing cow's entrails she will find three apples ; she 
 must eat the first, throw the second on the roof of the house, and put the 
 third in garden. Stepsister will be jealous to see her eating : she must say it 
 is cow-dung. Heroine goes home very sad. Stepmother scolds her, and says 
 she is going to kill cow. — (6) On the morrow she does so, and heroine is sent 
 to wash entrails. On the way she sings so plaintively that king's son, passing 
 and hearing, falls deep in love with her. He woos her ; she says he must ask 
 her from her parents. In a few days he will send ambassadors to fetch her. 
 They part. Heroine reaches fountain and does as mother bade her. She 
 is eating one of the apples, when stepsister, who has followed her, asks what 
 she is eating. Heroine offers her some dung, fills her mouth with it, and she 
 runs away crying. — (7) Heroine returns home, throws an apple on roof, and 
 immediately a splendid cock with large wings comes out of it. From third 
 apple grows fine apple-tree covered with fruit. When anyone except heroine 
 approaches tree it turns into a bramble. — (8) King's ambassadors come to 
 fetch Mariucella, whom stepmother promptly hides in cask. She dresses up 
 Dinticona and presents her. Ambassadors marvel at their master's taste. 
 But cock on roof crows, ** Couquiacou, couquiacou ! Mariucella is under the 
 cask ; it is Dinticona on the fine horse." Stepmother tries in vain to silence 
 cock. Ambassadors at last go and stave in all the casks, and find heroine in 
 one of them, clad in blue silk dress trimmed with gold threads. — (9) Furious 
 at the deception, ambassadors throw Dinticona on to a heap of wood near. 
 — (10) King's son marries heroine, and wedding lasts thirty days. 
 
 Ibid., pp. 88-108. No. XIV. (Narrated in 1881 by Marie Ortoli 260 
 of Olmiccia-di-Tallano.) 
 
 " DiTU MiGNiULELLu" (Little Finger). 
 
 (i) Woman longs for a child, if only the size of her little finger. A voice 
 from the roof promises she shall have her wish. Child is called Ditu Mig- 
 
 Z 
 
33^ CINDERELLA VARIANtS. 
 
 niulellu ; at her birth fairies begift her with beauty ; an exquisite voice ; and 
 a third says, since she must speak before singing, she shall speak from that 
 moment. D. M. thanks fairies. Another fairy promises to aid her whenever 
 she shall call for her. Mother is pleased with talking-baby ; only regrets that 
 she did not ask fairies to make her grow. — (2) When she is sixteen years old, 
 and still so tiny, mother begins to hate the sight of her, and one day when in 
 garden puts her under a flower-pot. After a time D. M. begins to sing, and 
 king's son, passing by, says, whoever it is singing he will marry her. 
 
 *' I am the maiden 
 A-singing, a-singing, 
 I am the maiden 
 Who sings all the day. 
 
 My mother, so cruel, ) ^Repeat.) 
 
 Has thrown me in here." ) 
 
 Whence comes the voice ? 
 
 *' She is not distant. 
 The beautiful maiden." {Repeat.) 
 Where can she be ? 
 
 *' She is here at thy feet, 
 The beautiful maiden. " {Repeat. ) 
 
 "There is nothing but this horrid flower-pot," says the prince, breaking it 
 with a kick. D. M. comes out, and sings again to convince prince ; 
 
 •' Yes, I am 
 
 The lovely maiden, {Repeat.) 
 
 Who was singing 
 
 In the flower- pot." {Repeat.) 
 
 D. M. tells her name, and king's son puts her in his pocket, promising to 
 marry her. On the way she calls out that she is being suffocated. He places 
 her on his hand. She is presented to his mother as his future wife. Mother 
 calls her a doll. Prince does not care much for her, but will keep her, as she 
 does not take up much room. He grows worried at her small size ; gives 
 three days' ball to divert his mind. — (3) He prepares to attend ball, and 
 D. M. seeks him, asking to be taken. He refuses, and at length hits her with 
 the bridle. D. M. returns weeping. Fairy appears, and with magic wand 
 transforms her to tall, graceful girl clad in silk and gold . She is taken to ball 
 in carriage drawn by butterflies. If she wants fairy she is to clap her hands 
 three times, and she can become small again in a moment by expressing the 
 wish. Prince falls in love with her, and asks whence she comes. **From 
 the Kingdom of Bridle." She accepts dance with him, and in the middle of 
 it thinks she would like to become D. M. again, and disappears amongst the 
 crowd of dancers. Astonished prince searches in vain. Heroine goes to her 
 room and undresses. When prince returns he is worried by her questions, and 
 bids her rather hunt up all books at hand to find Kingdom of Bridle. She 
 fetches prince's mother, who comes laden with books, which prince searches in 
 vain. — (4) Next day D. M. asks to be taken to ball, and prince pushes her 
 
OktoLi. — PEDROSOi 33^ 
 
 with his spur and knocks her down from the stirrup. She summons fairy, who 
 equips her for the ball. Tells prince she comes from "Kingdom of Spur". 
 He would ask her in marriage, and gives her ring as souvenir. She says she 
 thought him already married. He confesses his engagement to D. M., whom 
 he does not wish to forsake because of her lovely singing ; but she will be 
 his favourite wife, and D. M. can amuse them occasionally. Heroine trans- 
 forms herself and leaves him. King's son again searches for kingdom. — (5) 
 At third ball soldiers are stationed to guard doors. D. M. is struck with 
 whip. Fairy dresses her in blue with collar of diamonds and waistband of 
 gold. She disappears from prince as before. Soldiers are questioned, but 
 no one has seen her leave. — (6) Prince falls ill, and will neither eat nor 
 drink. D. M. begs to be allowed to make him a cake, and then she will 
 help him find his lost lady-love. Prince drives her away, wondering how she 
 has learnt what only fairies can know. — (7) He need only promise to eat cake. 
 D. M. puts ring inside ; prince recognises it, calls mother, and rejoices, 
 saying the lady must be in the palace. Meanwhile D. M., transformed and 
 beautiful, presents herself before prince, who begs her to leave him no more, 
 declaring his love for her. But she says he has often repulsed her, even 
 struck her, and tells the occasions. '* Then you are D. M, ! . , . And you 
 sing as well as ever ?" — (8) They are married. 
 
 CoNSiGLiERi Pedroso, Portuguese Folk-tales. Translated from 184 
 the original MS. by Miss Henriqueta Monteiro. (F.-L. Soc.) 
 London, 1882. Story No. XVI. Pp. 66-72. 
 
 "The Princess who would not marry her Father." 
 
 (i) Dying queen bids king marry whomsoever her ring will fit. Heroine 
 puts on ring, and father says he must marry her. — (2) She shuts herself in 
 her room and weeps. Old woman comes to window and bids her ask father 
 for dress like the stars, which he supplies ; for dress like flowers of the 
 field, which is also granted ; for robe of various colours, which is like- 
 wise given ; next, to send for carpenter and order dress of wood, get inside 
 this, and go to palace, where king is requiring servant to tend ducks. 
 Heroine does all these things, putting jewels and dresses inside wooden dress. 
 — (3) Takes service under name of Maria do Pau. Goes to field with ducks, 
 doffs wooden dress, washes herself, and dons dress like stars. King, walking 
 in garden, espies lovely maiden, who sings : 
 
 *• Ducks here, ducks there. 
 The daughter of a king tends the ducks, 
 A thing never seen before." 
 
 After this she kills a duck, doffs star-dress, and dons disguise. At night she . 
 tells king she has killed duck. King asks her who was the lovely maid who 
 minded ducks. She says there was no one there but herself. Next day she 
 acts as before, this time wearing wild-flower dress, and the third day wearing 
 
 Z 2 
 
89 
 
 34© CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 robe of many colours. In the evening king tells her she may no longer mind 
 ducks, as one is killed every day. She is to be locked up. King will give a 
 three days' feast, which she may not attend. She begs to go, and king sends 
 for her and asks what dress she would like to wear. — (4) She replies by ask- 
 ing for pair of boots ; these king throws at her, and departs to feast. — (5) 
 Heroine draws from wooden dress fairy wand which old woman gave, and by 
 its means drives to feast in king's own carriage, clad in star-dress. King 
 admires her, and bids guards prevent her passing. She throws bag of money 
 to guards, who let her through, asking whence she comes. She replies, 
 **From land of the Boot." King returns, and, finding Maria do Pau at 
 palace, asks where land of the boot is. She evades reply. King goes to 
 feast next day, having first thrown towel at heroine for asking to go too. — 
 (6) Heroine attends feast as before, clad in second dress ; tells guard she 
 comes from land of the Towel. King returns, and asks Maria do Pau where is 
 land of the towel, and, when leaving third day for feast, strikes her with 
 walking-stick. — (7) Heroine attends feast in third dress, escapes as before, 
 telling guards she comes from land of the Walking-stick. King questions her 
 on his return as to where this land is. — (S) Heroine goes to her room to wash 
 and deck herself in star-dress ; king looks through keyhole ; sees same lovely 
 maid who was at ball, sitting doing embroidery. Heroine dons disguise to 
 attend dinner-table ; king says she must embroider him pair of shoes. She 
 pretends she cannot, but every day he begs for them, King has key made to 
 open heroine's room, and one day, when he sees her through keyhole, lobed 
 in her best, he suddenly opens door and enters unperceived. — (9) Heroine is 
 frightened, and tries to escape ; king says he will marry her. She relates her 
 past history, and king sends for old woman who gave wand, wishing her 
 to live at palace. This she will not do, being a fairy. 
 
 Ibid. No. XVIII, pp. 75-79. 
 "The Hearth Cat." 
 
 (i) Widowed schoolmistress with one daughter seeks to marry father ot 
 pretty pupil, to whom she promises porridge and honey if she persuades 
 father into marriage. Father orders boots of iron, and says he will only 
 marry schoolmistress when these are rusty with age. Heroine tells school- 
 mistress, who bids her wet boots daily. Boots fall to pieces, and father 
 marries schoolmistress. — (2) Heroine is kindly treated in father's presence ; 
 when he is absent stepmother ill-treats her, and sends her to graze cow. 
 Gives her loaf, which she must bring back whole, and pot of water, which 
 she must bring back full. One day stepmother says she must wind skeins of 
 thread till evening. Cow comforts her ; bids her fix skein on her horns and 
 unravel the thread. Cow takes all crumb of loaf out by making small 
 hole with its horn, then stops up aperture and gives loaf entire. — (3) Step- 
 mother is angry to find task completed, and, suspecting cow's aid, orders it 
 to be killed, and says heroine must wash entrails. Cow comforts her and 
 
PEDROSO. 341 
 
 bids her save whatever comes out of entrails. Heroine sees ball of gold fall 
 into water, gets into tank to search for it, and there sees house with every- 
 thing in disorder. She begins to set it straight, when, hearing footsteps, she 
 hides behind door. Fairies enter, and look about. Dog, who came in with 
 them, says, " Bow, wow, behind door hides somebody who has done us 
 good." Fairies find heroine, and endow her with gift of beauty. Another 
 fairy casts spell, so that pearls and gold shall drop from heroine's lips. 
 Third fairy blesses her with happiness, and gives wand to grant every wish. 
 Heroine returns home. Stepmother asks where she has been, and heroine 
 relates the contrary of what she has seen, as directed to do by fairies — that 
 she had found tidy house, which she had tried to make untidy, etc. — (4) 
 Stepmother sends own daughter to act similarly. She makes house untidy ; 
 hides behind door. Fairies enter, and dog says, " Behind door is one who 
 will harm us." First fairy endows stepsister with extreme ugliness. Second 
 bewitches her, so that filth shall fall from her mouth. Third says she shall 
 be poorest maiden in existence. She returns home. Stepmother is enraged; 
 orders " Hearth-Cat" to stay in kitchen. — (5) One day stepmother and step- 
 sister go to races. Heroine asks wand for handsome clothes, and goes too, 
 and stays in front of royal stand. Stepsister recognises her, and proclaims 
 aloud that beautiful maiden is their hearth-cat. Stepmother quiets her, and 
 denies it. King falls in love with heroine. She goes home before others, 
 says she has not been out, and shows smutty face. — (6) Next day she gets 
 more splendid dresses for races, and drives home before anyone else. King 
 sees her again. — (7) Third day she wears different dress and shoes. King is 
 disappointed that she leaves so soon, and picks up shoe, which she drops in 
 her haste. Shoe has written on it that it will only fit its owner. King falls 
 love-sick. Search is made for owner of shoe. Stepmother and stepsister 
 both try in vain. King orders Hearth- Cat to be brought, and insists on her 
 trying shoe, which fits. — (8) They are married, and stepmother and step- 
 sister are put to death. 
 
 Ibid. No. XXIV, pp. 97-100. 90 
 
 "The Maiden and the Fish." 
 
 (i) A widower has three daughters. The elder are vain and idle, and the 
 youngest manages household and assists servants in kitchen. She is nick- 
 named " Hearth- Cat." — (2) Father catches fish, which he brings home alive, 
 and gives it heroine to cook. She admires yellow colour of fish, and asks 
 leave to keep it in water. Sisters are annoyed. Heroine keeps fish in her 
 bedroom, and at night it begs her to throw it in well. At last she does 
 so. Walking in garden next day, she looks for it, and hears voice calling, 
 " Maiden, come into well." She runs away frightened; but next day, when 
 sisters have gone to festival, she goes to well, and is persuaded to enter. Fish 
 takes her hand and conducts her to palace of gold and precious stones at 
 bottom of well. Bids her enter chamber and don lovely dress and gold 
 
342 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 shoes, for lie will send her in state carriage to festival, where sisters are. — (3) 
 She must be sure and leave before them, and return clothes to well. She is 
 much admired at festival, but in her haste to leave drops shoe. King picks it 
 up, and proclaims that he will wed whomsoever it fits. Heroine takes dresses 
 to well, and fish bids her come again same evening. She is busy in kitchen 
 when sisters return and tell her of king's proclamation. They repair to palace 
 to try shoe, and heroine goes to well. — (4) Fish asks her to marry him. She 
 replies she cannot marry a fish ; but he urges her till she consents. Instantly 
 fish is transformed into man, who tells her he is an enchanted prince, son of 
 the king who found shoe. He bids her go to palace and put it on, then 
 inform king, when he wishes to marry her, that she is already engaged to his 
 son, the enchanted prince. Sisters return very downcast, because they cannot 
 wear shoe. Heroine says she is going to try, and they mock her. Sentinels at 
 palace will not let shabby heroine pass till king, who sees her from window, 
 orders them. Shoe slips on heroine's foot, and king would marry her, but 
 hears of her engagement to prince, and rejoices. He sends grand retinue to 
 fetch him to palace. Prince marries heroine. Sisters are very jealous, and 
 are punished in having filth come' from their mouths. 
 
 91 Perrault, Contes du Temps passe. (1697.) 
 
 " Cendrillon." 
 
 (i) Widower with one daughter, good and amiable, marries widow with two 
 daughters, proud and ill-tempered like herself. Stepmother, jealous of beau- 
 tiful stepdaughter, makes her do all rough work and sleep in garret, whilst her 
 own daughters live luxuriously. Stepdaughter makes no complaint, and after 
 work sits in chimney-corner amongst the ashes ; hence is generally called 
 Cucendron, but by younger stepsister, who is less cruel to her, Cendrillon. — 
 (2) King's son gives ball, and invites stepsisters. Cendrillon helps them dress 
 whilst they tease her, asking if she would not like to go too. When they 
 have started, Cendrillon's fairy-godmother appears, finds her crying, and says 
 she shall go to ball. Sends her to garden to get pumpkin, hollows it out, 
 and, striking it with wand, changes it into beautiful gilded coach. Finds mouse- 
 trap with six live mice, which she transforms to splendid horses. Cendrillon 
 suggests a rat for coachman ; finds three in trap, and, selecting one with fine 
 beard, godmother transforms it. Sends Cendrillon to find six lizards behind 
 watering-pot, and changes them to footmen, who get up behind chariot. 
 Transforms Cendrillon's rags to splendid robe of gold and silver trimmed 
 with jewels, gives her pair of glass slippers, and starts her to ball, with warning 
 to leave before midnight, when chariot, horses, footmen, all will resume original 
 forms, and her finery become rags. Cendrillon promises to obey injunction. 
 Prince, informed of arrival of unknown grand princess, hastens to receive her. 
 Dancing ceases, music stops as she enters ballroom ; her beauty amazes all. 
 Prince dances with her and gives her fruit ; she sits by stepsisters, and shares 
 it with them. Meanwhile a quarter-to-twelve strikes ; Cendrillon bows to 
 
PERRAULT. 343 
 
 company and disappears. Returns to thank godmother, and asks to go next 
 day, as prince had begged her. Stepsisters return ; Cendrillon opens door to 
 them, feigning sleepiness. They tell her of beautiful princess, so gracious to 
 them, and whose name prince is so eager to discover. — (3) They go next day 
 to ball ; Cendrillon appears in even greater splendour. In prince's company 
 she forgets godmother's injunction till first stroke of midnight sounds, when 
 she rushes off, and prince cannot overtake her. She drops a glass shoe, 
 which he picks up. Cendrillon reaches home breathless, without chariot or 
 footmen, and clad in rags, only retaining one glass shoe. Palace guards are 
 questioned about departure of princess, but have seen no one save poor, ill- 
 clad girl. Stepsisters return ; Cendrillon asks about princess, and hears of 
 prince's love for her, and his treasuring of glass slipper. — (4) Prince proclaims 
 that he will marry whomsoever it will fit. Princesses, duchesses, all the 
 court try it in vain. Stepsisters cannot succeed. Watching them, Cendrillon 
 asks to be allowed a trial, but they mock at her. Gentleman-in-waiting 
 having charge of shoe bids Cendrillon sit down, and slips it on her foot. 
 She draws fellow- slipper from pocket, and puts it on. Godmother appears 
 and transforms her clothes, when stepsisters, recognising the beauty of the 
 ball, fall at her feet and ask pardon for ill-treatment.— (5) Cendrillon forgives 
 them ; is conducted to prince, whom she weds ; takes stepsisters to live at 
 palace, and finds them husbands. 
 
 Ibid. (First printed in Moetjen's Recueil, in 1694. Vide Lang's 185 
 Perrault^ xxi.) 
 
 " Peau d'Ane." 
 
 (i) Queen exacts promise on her death-bed from devoted husband that he 
 will never marry again, except he finds a woman more beautiful than herself. 
 Mourning over, search is made for fitting bride. King discovers that only his 
 daughter is more beautiful than her mother. — (2) Princess, dismayed at 
 father's intention to marry her, seeks aid of fairy-godmother, who lives in a 
 grotto of pearl and coral. She bids princess ask first of her father a robe of 
 aerial hue, for such he can .si^rely not furnish. Father hears request, and 
 threatens tailors if they do not provide dress at once. Next day an azure robe 
 is produced. Princess sees no way of evading compact. Fairy-godmother 
 bids her ask for robe of colour of the moon. King commands for such to be 
 made, and within appointed time it is produced. Prompted by godmother, 
 princess now demands dress like the sun. A robe of gold and diamonds is 
 .suppHed.— (3) Godmother bids her crave skin of ass, which produces gold,i 
 and is source of all their wealth. Even this is not denied, and princess must 
 take to flight as only resource. — (4) Godmother gives casket in which to put 
 dresses, jewels, and mirror ; gives also wand, princess having which in hand, 
 casket hidden beneath ground will always accompany her, and will appear 
 
 1 See note 54. 
 
344 
 
 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 when ground is struck with it. Disguised in ass's skin, with face soiled, 
 princess escapes, and is sought for in vain. She tries to take service, but no 
 one will hire her.— (5) At last reaches farm-house, where farmer's wife 
 engages her to clean pig-troughs. She is put in kitchen-comer, and mocked 
 at by other servants. Having leisure on Sunday, she shuts herself in her 
 hovel, washes and arrays herself before mirror in dresses from casket. Prince 
 to whom farm belongs rests there after hunting, and, chancing to pass hovel, 
 looks through key-hole and sees Peau d'Ane in dress like the sun. Is en- 
 raptured. Has not courage to force door. Returns to palace, forsakes his 
 pleasures, and falls ill with love of apparition. Inquires who lives in hovel ; 
 learns it is Peau d'Ane. — (6) Queen-mother tries vainly to discover cause of 
 his despondency. Prince will not reply ; only craves cake made by the hand 
 of Peau d'Ane. She shuts herself in hovel, cleans herself, and mixes cake, 
 dropping in one of her rings. Prince enjoys cake, and hides ring under 
 pillow.— (7) Doctors counsel him to marry ; he consents, provided they find 
 damsel whom ring will fit. Girls of all ranks try to get it on ; various means 
 are employed to make finger small enough ; none succeeds. When all have 
 essayed except Peau d'Ane, prince sends for her. Ring fits her. She begs 
 leave to dress herself, then appears before king and court in splendid apparel. 
 (8) Prince weds her ; all neighbouring kings attend ceremony, among them 
 princess's father, now repentant, who recognises her with joy. Fairy-god- 
 mother appears and explains all. 
 
 Leon Pineau, Les Contes populaires du Poitou. Paris, 1891. 
 No. III. Pp. 99-109. 
 
 " Le Bouc Blanc." 
 
 [This story closely resembles No. 191, q. z;.] 
 
 3101 ^^^' No. V, pp. 117-22. 
 
 ** La Cendrouse." 
 
 (i) Wealthy parents have three daughters ; the two elder haughty, and the 
 youngest despised. She stays always by the fire, and is nicknamed Cinderella. 
 Elder sisters, going for a walk, ask if heroine will not accompany them. She 
 declines. — (2) Father, starting to a distant fair, asks what gifts he shall bring 
 daughters. Eldest chooses a lovely gown ; the second, the same. Youngest 
 asks for a nut, and is reproved for greediness, in preferring something to eat 
 to a dress. Father returns with the gifts. — (3) Next Sunday sisters go in 
 their fine dresses to church, regretting that heroine will not go too. When 
 they have started, heroine opens her nut, gets a grand carriage with horses and 
 
 ^ For abstract of this story see Appendix. 
 
PINEAU. — PIO. — PITRE. 345 
 
 coachman, and clothes far more beautiful than her sisters'. She goes to church. 
 All wonder whose the carriage is. She leaves quickly after service. Sisters 
 return, and talk about lovely stranger. Heroine remarks, " She can't be 
 more beautiful than I am," and they wonder at her. — (4) Next Sunday sisters 
 cannot induce her to go to church with them ; but all happens as before. In 
 getting into her carriage, after the service, heroine drops one of her shoes. — 
 (5) King's son picks it up, unperceived. He will wed whomsoever it fits. 
 Princesses and all try in vain. — (6) Shoe is to be tried again next Sunday, 
 and heroine goes, all unadorned and smutty, to the test. Shoe fits her alone. 
 All concerned that prince must wed her. She opens her nut, dons her fine 
 clothes, and drives off in her carriage with the prince. 
 
 Pio, NeoeWrfviKu YlapajjivOia^ Contes populaires Grecs, publics 
 d'apres les manuscrits du Dr. J. G. de Hahn, et annotes par 
 Jean Pio. Copenhague, 1879. No. II, pp. 6-9. 
 
 " 'S,aiu,apaKOVT(Tov\ov,^' 
 
 (See No. 50.) 
 
 PiTRE, Fiabe^ Novelle e Racconti popolari Sicilia?n {Bibl. delle trad. 315^ 
 pop. Sic.,\o\. iv). Palermo, 1875. Pp. 83-88. No. X. (Nar- 
 rated by Elisabetta Sanfratello, servant to Sig. Giuseppe Gugino 
 of Vallelunga.) 
 
 " L'ACQUA E LU SaLI." 
 
 (i) King has three daughters. One day, when at table, king asks 
 how much they love him. Eldest says, ** As much as my eyes." Second 
 says, '* As much as my heart." Youngest says, ** As much as water and salt"; 
 and king calls for executioners to have her killed immediately. — (2) But elder 
 sisters tell them to kill the little dog they give them, tear one of heroine's 
 garments, and leave her in a cave. Executioners obey, and bring back to 
 king the dog's tongue and the rent garment, and receive reward. — (3) Heroine 
 is discovered in forest by magician, and taken to his house opposite royal 
 palace. King's son sees her, falls in love with her, and arranges match. — 
 (4) Magician says, "Kill me the day before the wedding j invite three kings, 
 your father the first ; order servant to pass water and salt to all the guests 
 except your father." Meanwhile, king has been pining with grief for daughter, 
 is disinclined to accept invitation, but, fearing to offend other king, who may 
 declare war against him, he goes to wedding. The day before wedding they 
 kill magician, quarter him, and put a quarter in each of four rooms, and 
 sprinkle his blood in all the rooms and on the stairs. The blood and flesh 
 
 ^ For abstract of this story, and of the variants which follow, see Appendix. 
 
34^ CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 become gold and precious stones.— (5) When the three kings arrive they 
 hesitate to step on gold stairs. That evening king's son and heroine are mar- 
 ried. — (6) The next day they have a banquet. Heroine sits next to father ; 
 asks why he does not eat. He says he is not well. Presently they begin tell- 
 ing stories, and king tells them all about his daughter. Heroine asks whether 
 he would still recognise her, and goes and dons dress she wore when sent to be 
 killed. King embraces her, and begs her pardon. 
 
 *^-*"^ Ibid.^ pp. 88-92. Variants of the above.^ 
 
 " II Padre Santo" (Polizzi-Generosa). 
 
 (i) Merchant has boy and girl. Leaving home with son, he confides daug ter 
 to holy father, who misappropriates sum supplied for her maintenance, and 
 shuts her in a cellar {sotterraneo). — (2) When father returns she is accused of evil 
 practices, and he sends her brother out with her to slay her. Brother sets her 
 free in the wood, slays a dog, and takes home its blood, which father drinks 
 with ferocity. — (3) Heroine betakes herself to the palace of another holy father, 
 who befriends her, and makes her mistress of all his belongings. Beneath the 
 palace is a turkey-cock, which, seeing heroine every day more beautiful, says : 
 
 " Lovely you are, and more lovely you'll grow, 
 And the holy father will eat you, I trow." 
 
 Heroine tells holy father, who bids her respond that she is to be the holy 
 father's heir. Hearing this, the turkey-cock is silent. — (4) Before celebrating the 
 wedding, holy father bids her invite her father and brother and the wicked 
 holy father ; she is to give her brother a crown, an apple and a ribbon, as to the 
 other guests ; to give her father an apple only, and nothing at all to the 
 wicked holy father. " On the first evening", adds the holy father, " you must 
 throw me into the furnace heated for three nights and three days ; a little while 
 afterwards you will take out of it three baskets, of crowns, apples, and rib- 
 bons." All goes well, and when the father wants his daughter, who is 
 unknown to him, to explain the diverse treatment of the guests, she tells her 
 own story as that of another person, to the grief of her father, the trepidation 
 of her brother, and the alarm of the wicked holy father. — (5) When the truth is 
 revealed the wicked holy father is burnt. 
 
 317 "II Re di Francia" (Noto). 
 
 (i) One of the three daughters of the King of France dreams that she will 
 become queen, and that seven kings, amongst them her father, will pay her 
 homage. — (2) Her father sends her to be slain in a wood, where, however, she 
 
 1 See note!55. 
 
PITRE. 347 
 
 is set free. — (3) She reaches the house of a magician, who befriends her. — 
 (4) A parrot on the king's balcony sings of her : 
 
 '* Allesciti, allesciti bona, 
 L'omu sarvagghiu pi mangiari t' addeva." 
 
 By the advice of the magician she replies : 
 
 " L'omu sarvagghiu mi teni pi figghia, 
 Di li to' pinni n' ha fari un cuscinu 
 Di li to' carni n' ha fari un convitu." 
 
 [The rest proceeds as in the type-story. ] 
 
 "Lu CuNTU DI LU Sali" (Borgetto). 318 
 
 [This story is very slightly different from the above.] — (4) The parrot sings 
 to the girl : 
 
 " Ah I figghia di lu Re, addocu si' ? 
 Lu Drau ti pasci e ti crisci ca ti voli manciare." 
 
 And the dragon makes the girl reply : 
 
 ** Lu Drau mi pasci e mi crisci ca mi voli maritari, 
 A lu figghiu di lu Re mi voli dari." 
 
 — (5) At the wedding-feast heroine asks her father why he does not eat, and he 
 says that the dishes are without salt. Then daughter explains the phrase, 
 vuluri beni qua/ntu lu sali. 
 
 Ibid., vol. i, p. 366. Story No. XLI. (Told at Noto to Signor 92 
 Mattia Di Martino.) 
 
 " La Pecorella" (The Ewe). 
 
 (i) Heroine is ill-treated by stepmother, who gives her work to do daily, 
 and only lets her eat when she has finished it. — (2) Heroine's father one day 
 finds a little ewe in the fields, and takes it home to his daughter, whom he 
 loves. The ewe seeing heroine ill-used, comforts her, and bids her put her 
 work between its horns and it will be done for her. — (3) Stepmother seeing 
 work finished in no time, watches and finds out how it is done. Then she 
 suggests that evening to father that ewe's throat shall be cut, for Carnival is at 
 hand. Father answers nothing, but heroine goes weeping to tell ewe, who 
 bids her be comforted, take care to eat none of its flesh, but to collect its bones 
 and bury them under the floor. — (4) Heroine does as bidden, and a little time 
 after, at the place where bones are buried, there issue twelve damsels. — (5) 
 They clothe heroine all in gold, and take her to king's ball. King falls in 
 love with her, and does not quit her side all the evening. When she leaves, he 
 bids his servants find out where she lives. Heroine, seeing she is followed, lets 
 
348 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 down her hair and shakes out a shower of pearls, which servants stop to pick 
 up. — (6) Next evening, king says servants must find out where she lives on 
 pain of death. This time heroine can only throw off her slipper and fly. — 
 (7) Servants carry it to king, who proclaims that he will wed whomsoever it 
 fits. All women try in vain. — (8) Stepmother, thinking to mortify heroine, 
 takes her also, and is astounded to find shoe fits her perfectly. Chapel-royal 
 is ready, and the joy is great. 
 
 295 Ihid,, vol. i, p. 368. No. XLII. (Told at Palermo by Agatuzza 
 Messia, Dr. Pitre's nurse.) 
 
 " Grattula-Beddattula" (Fair Date). 
 
 (i) Merchant has three daughters, Rosa, Joanna, and Ninetta. The 
 youngest is fairest. Father is troubled at having to leave daughters whilst 
 he goes away on business. Eldest suggests that he should wall up door during 
 his absence, leaving them with provisions, A servant is to take orders from 
 window. — (2) Father asks what presents he shall bring them. Eldest chooses 
 three dresses of different colours ; second says, "Whatever you like" ; and 
 third, ** I want beautiful branch of dates in silver vase ; if you do not bring it, 
 may your ship not move either forward or backward."^ Sisters reprove her for 
 thus calling down curse on father. He excuses her because she is young. 
 Father departs ; concludes his business, purchases three dresses for each elder 
 daughter, forgets branch of dates for youngest. Tempest strikes him mid 
 ocean ; ship will not move. Merchant remembers curse, and bids captain put 
 back. Storm ceases, wind favours them. Merchant buys date-branch and 
 plants it in silver vase. After three days he reaches home, has doors unwalled 
 and windows opened; gives presents. — (3) During his absence eldest sister 
 drops thimble into well made for their use ; youngest persuades sisters to let 
 her down to recover it. Whilst withdrawing hand from water, she notices a 
 hole whence a light shines ; raises corner-stone, and sees beautiful garden full 
 of flowers and fruits ; goes in, and gathers several in apron ; returns to well, 
 and replaces comer-stone. Sisters draw her up, and ask where she got the 
 beautiful things. She wants to be let down again to-morrow. Garden belongs 
 to Prince of Portugal, who, seeing havoc done, censures gardener. — (4) Next 
 day heroine worries sisters to let her down again, and again fills her apron. 
 Prince, on the look-out, sees her flitting amongst the trees, but loses sight ot 
 her again. He questions gardener, who knows nothing. — {5) Next day he 
 watches from his room. Heroine is filling apron, when she hears noise, looks 
 round, and sees prince coming after her. She bounds through the hole, puts 
 back stone, and is off. Prince has no more peace, and falls ill, because the 
 maiden had seemed to him a very fairy. No doctors can cure him. King 
 consults the wise men and philosophers. One long-beard says king should 
 
 ^ In a variant, Cinderella demands a magical golden ball {un bubbolo cToro che 
 comandi). 
 
PITRE. 349 
 
 ask son if he has liking for any maiden. Prince confesses all. — (6) Long- 
 beard says king must give three days' feast at palace, and proclaim that parents 
 of all ranks shall bring their daughters, on penalty of death. Merchant hears 
 proclamation, and tells daughters. Elder girls are delighted ; youngest does 
 not want to go, and persuades father to say he has but two daughters. She 
 shuts herself up as usual with vase of dates, which is her delight. When 
 sisters have gone to ball she says : 
 
 **Grattula-Beddattula, 
 Rise up and dress Nina, 
 And make her gayer than anyone to-night." 
 
 Numbers of fairies with splendid dresses and jewels come out of vase. They 
 wash her, dress her, clothe her from head to foot with necklaces, brilliants, and 
 precious stones. They put her in carriage, and she goes to ball. Prince 
 recognises her, and tells king ; then takes her under his arm, and asks her, 
 "Lady, how are you?" "As in winter." *' How are you called?" "By 
 my name." "Where do you live?" "In the house with the door." "In 
 what street ?" " In the alley of the dirt." " How strange you are ! you kill 
 me!" "You may burst [if you like]." They dance all the evening. Prince 
 tires; she does not, being enchanted. She sits near sisters. King orders 
 servants to follow and see where she lives. She enters carriage, shakes her 
 golden tresses, and pearls and precious stones fall out. Servants stop to pick 
 them up, and she whips up the horses and is home in a trice. She says : 
 " Giattula-Beddattula, 
 Strip Nina, 
 And make her as she was this evening." 
 
 Sisters return, and say there was lady at ball just like Ninetta ; but they knew 
 she was at home. **You must come to-morrow," they say. — (7) King cen- 
 sures servants, and bids them be more careful next night. Sisters tease 
 Ninetta to go to ball with them, and father says she is going mad over her 
 vase. When they have started, she says same verse ; all happens as before ; 
 prince asks same questions, gets same answers ; dances with her all the even- 
 ing. She sits by sisters ; one remarks she is Ninetta's image. When she 
 leaves, king accompanies her, and signs to servants. She enters carriage, 
 throws bags of money into servants' faces, injuring one's eye, the other's nose. 
 King says they must succeed better next night. Heroine says same verse to 
 date. Same conversation with sisters. — (8) Third ball takes place, and all 
 happens as before. She dances with prince ; sits by father and sisters. Pre- 
 sently king makes excuse to take her under his arm to another room for 
 refreshment, and when alone with her says she has befooled him twice, and 
 shall not again. She has been making his son waste away ; she must marry 
 him. Heroine says she has father and sisters there, and is not free. King 
 sends for her father, who turns cold ; he is pardoned for not having brought 
 Ninetta to balls. — (9) Next morning prince and heroine are married in chapel- 
 royal. '■ 
 
 ^ See note 56. 
 
35<3 eti^D£R£LLA Variants. 
 
 186 Ibid., vol. i. Story No. XLIII. P. 381. (Told at Palermo by 
 
 Agatuzza Messia.) 
 
 " Pilusedda" (Little Hairy). 
 
 (i) A man and woman have a very beautiful daughter. When she is fifteen 
 years old her mother dies after having given a ring to her husband, and telling 
 him to marry whomsoever it will fit. — (2) After a time father sends proposals 
 of marriage to many women on condition that they try the ring, which, how- 
 ever, proves too large for some, too small for others. Father determines to 
 wait awhile, since none seems fated to wear ring. — (3) One day, whilst tidying 
 up, daughter finds ring in the corner of a chest [or in the corner cupboard], 
 puts it on, and cannot get it off again. What shall she do with her father ? 
 she thinks. So she wraps a black rag round that finger, and explains to father 
 that she has been scratched. After a few days father insists on unbinding 
 finger, and exclaims she must be his wife.— (4) Heroine goes to an enchanter 
 (mago)y confides all to him, and at his bidding tells father that she must have 
 a wedding-dress of the colour of the sky embroidered in gold and precious 
 stones, with the sun, the moon, and all the planets. Father, wondering where 
 he can find such, goes to the moor and calls the Devil [here called "his 
 cook"] and consults him. "What will you give me for this dress?" "rU 
 give you my soul." So in half an hour the dress is brought. Heroine, over- 
 whelmed, goes to enchanter, who bids her demand a sea-green dress with all 
 the cottages that are in the country {campagna). She tells father this dress 
 is required for the civil contract, the other is for the wedding. Father gets it 
 from the Devil, and heroine now demands eight days' respite. On the eighth 
 day she goes to the enchanter, who bids her ask for a dress, for the day after 
 the wedding,^ of the colour of roses trimmed with four rows of little golden 
 bells. Father procures this from the Devil, then tells daughter that in eight 
 days' time she must really marry him.— (5) Heroine goes to enchanter, who 
 says: "Take this walnut, this chestnut, and this filbert, and make use of 
 them at your need. Now get a horse-skin, take out the inside (the horse's 
 body), cure the skin, and sew yourself up in it, so that you look like a horse." 
 She does so. — (6) She prepares her clothes, money, and rings and jewels, 
 belonging to herself and her father, and, the evening of the wedding, tells him 
 she wants to have a bath (for formerly, before marrying, people used to have a 
 bath). To make believe that she is washing, she puts a pigeon in a vessel of 
 water and ties another pigeon to its feet, so that walking about outside it 
 drags the one inside, and they flap and flutter and beat about like a person 
 washing. Heroine meanwhile gets into the horse-skin, and escapes. — (7) Her 
 father listens. He waits and waits ; she never comes out of the bath. He 
 opens the door, and finds nobody. "Treachery!" he shouts, beating his 
 head against the wall, and smashing it. Down comes the Devil and flies 
 
 ^ The bride wears, on the day after the wedding only, a different dress from 
 her ordinary one. 
 
t>lTRE. 3^1 
 
 aWay with him.— (8) Heroine journeys on, and reaches a manor belonging to 
 the prince, where there are all sorts of animals. In the morning the servants 
 see this curious horse walking with its forelegs in the air, and are about to rip 
 it up as the prince passes and forbids them. He fondles it (and she is pleased), 
 and takes it to the palace, shuts it in a room at the foot of the stairs, and has 
 food brought to it. He asks: •*What animal are you?" "I am called 
 Pilusedda." They spend every day together, till the prince's mother cannot 
 tolerate such a thing.— (9) One day Pilusedda asks prince for a bit of paste, 
 that she may make a small loaf ; and he has it brought her. When alone, she 
 makes a loaf, and puts her father's watch inside ; and when prince comes she 
 asks for it to be put in the oven. It is put in with the king's bread, all 
 of which gets burnt ; only Pilusedda's comes out beautiful. So her loaf is 
 sent up for the king, and the bakers have nothing at all for Pilusedda. The 
 king finds the watch, and wonders. Next day Pilusedda asks again for paste, 
 makes another loaf, putting in her father's breast-pin, and the prince sends it 
 to the baker's shop. Again all the bread is burnt except this loaf, which is sent 
 to the king, whilst Pilusedda gets the burnt bread. King finds the pin, and 
 wonders ; and Pilusedda laments. The third day all happens as before. 
 King finds in Pilusedda's loaf a beautiful ring with a solitary brilliant ; then 
 he says, **This Pilusedda cannot be an animal." — (10) A feast draws near. 
 Prince asks Pilusedda : " Would you like to come to the chapel-royal ?" ** How 
 can I come ?" Prince departs j she breaks the walnut, and sees fairies with 
 clothes, jewels, and carriages. She gets out of skin, dons the rose-coloured 
 dress demanded for the day after marriage, and drives with twelve footmen to 
 the chapel-royal. Prince sees her, and casts his eye up (? is fascinated), and 
 troubles no more about the chapel-royal. He bids his servants discover where 
 the lady lives and inform him. When, on leaving, she becomes aware of the 
 prince's servants, she lets down her hair, whence fall pearls and diamonds. 
 The dazzled servants return to prince and say lady has disappeared. Pilu- 
 sedda goes to her room, joins nutshells together, and fairies, carriages and all, 
 disappear. Prince returns: "Pilusedda I if you had only come! There 
 was such a beautiful lady 1" '* What has that to do with me? I want to 
 eat." — (11) A week afterwards prince tells Pilusedda there is another chapel- 
 royal. She says it is nothing to her ; but when he has gone she opens the 
 chestnut. Fairies dress her in the sea-green dress, and she goes to the chapel- 
 royal. Prince fastens his eyes on her, and tells servants they are lost unless 
 they discover where she lives. She throws gold and silver to servants, 
 who make excuses to prince ; goes home and closes chestnut, whereupon fairies 
 vanish. — (12) After some days prince tells her of another chapel-royal. She 
 replies as before ; afterwards opens filbert, and fairies dress her in sky- 
 coloured dress. Prince, on seeing her, tells servants to get his carriage 
 ready. When she drives off, he follows, and her carriage goes to the paiace. 
 She enters the room, the prince with her. Then he catches her, and makes 
 her explain why she is sometimes a horse. — (13) Prince sends for king and 
 queen, and tells them he wishes to marry that beautiful girl, and they agree 
 to it. 
 {Note. — Dr. Pitre says the story goes under various names : ** Suvaredda 
 
352 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 (Little Cork) at PolizzUGenerosa and Cefalii ; * ' Truvaturedda" (Little 
 Inventor) at Capac ; "Mmesta di Ligna" (Clad in wood) at Montevago ; 
 •*Betta Pilusa" (Hairy Bertha) at Ficarazzi ; ** Cinniredda" (Cinderella) all 
 over Sicily. ] 
 
 296 Ibid., vol. i, p. 388. Variant of No. XLIIL (Told at Capaci. 
 A mere abstract of the points in which it differs from " Pilu- 
 sedda" or one of the other tales.) 
 
 " Truvaturedda" (Trovatorella). 
 
 (l) Truvaturedda presents herself in a tree-trunk to the king, and says she 
 is only good at two things — feeling hens to ascertain whether they are likely 
 to lay, and preparing their food. — (2) When young king takes her with him 
 she remains always in the ashes. — (3) When he goes to a feast she unrolls, one 
 at a time, three enchanted balls of thread of different colours, and gets what 
 she wants. She dances with the king at the ball, and robs him of three 
 diamonds he wears on his breast; whereupon he falls sick of regret. — (4) 
 Truvaturedda sends in to him loaves made with her own hands. 
 
 187 Ibid., vol. i, p. 388. Variant of No. XLIIL (Told at Castel- 
 
 termini.) 
 
 " FiDi E Cridi" (Faith and Creed). 
 
 (i) The Emperor of Austria had two daughters, by name Faith and Creed. 
 His wife, dying, left him a ring, and prayed him to marry a lady whose little 
 finger it would fit well. — (2) Faith, having seen the ring, tried it on ; and her 
 father desired her in marriage. — (3) The girl demanded fifteen days' time, 
 and during the delay shut herself up in a case of gilded wood, together with 
 her sister and with plenty of provisions, and caused it to be cast into the sea. 
 — (4) The King of Portugal takes this wood and carries it to the palace, 
 where it is an object of admiration to all the courtiers. The provisions being 
 finished. Faith goes out to find something to eat. She repeats this twice 
 again. — (5) The king catches her, falls in love with her, and marries her. — (6) 
 The Emperor of Austria comes to the wedding, and, recognising his daughter, 
 curses her : "Become a lizard for a year, a month, and a day, and afterwards 
 go and cry thrice at midnight at thy sister Creed's window. If she answer 
 thee, thou shalt return to thy human form ; if not, thou shalt remain a lizard 
 for ever !" — (7) Faith tells all this to Creed, and causes her to be substituted 
 for her in appearance as bride of the King of Portugal, on condition that she 
 shall not sleep with him, and that she shall answer, after a year, a month, and 
 a day, to her when she cries out. — (8) At the end of the term Faith cries 
 thrice. Creed sleeps. The king wakes her ; she jumps out of bed, opens 
 the window, and answers Faith, who, transformed back into a maiden, comes 
 to the palace. The mystery is revealed, and all are happy. 
 
tlTRfe. 
 
 353 
 
 Ibid., vol. i. Story No. XLV. P. 393. (Told at Noto, and 188 
 collected by Signor Mattia Di Martino.) 
 
 " La Cerva" (The Deer). 
 
 (i) King and queen have two daughters ; one with teeth of gold, the other 
 with teeth of silver. When one is fourteen and the other fifteen years old, 
 the mother dies, leaving her husband a diamond ring, and telling him to wed 
 the woman whom it would fit exactly. — (2) King tries it on a good many, but 
 it fits none ; so he puts it on his writing-table. — (3) One New Year's Day his 
 daughters go to kiss the king's hand, and the elder, seeing the ring, tries it on. 
 It fits her exactly, and the father goes mad, and wants to marry her. He 
 urges ; she refuses, and at length, not knowing what to do, throws herself at 
 the Pope's feet and tells him all. — (4) He counsels her to say to father that 
 she will marry him when he gives her a robe which shows the sun by day and 
 the moon by night. Father, setting out in search of it, meets a horseman, 
 who says, ** Your Majesty, what are you looking for?" and being told, gives 
 him the dress. At sight of it daughter faints. Pope bids her demand another 
 robe which shows the sea with its fishes. This robe is provided. — (5) Then 
 she has a chest made, and sets out with her sister. The Pope puts them 
 both into the chest, which he pitches into the sea. A king of the neighbour- 
 ing country, being ill, is ordered by his doctors to take a sea voyage. One 
 day, whilst fishing, he draws up the chest. Well pleased, he takes it to the 
 palace, finds the elder sister, presents her to his mother, and marries her. — 
 (6) One day the wedded pair are looking out of window at a wood. The girl 
 sees all at once a cavalier on horseback, and recognises her father. He draws 
 near, and, whilst the prince has turned aside, says to her : "Are you there, 
 wicked creature ? I hope to God you will become a deer, and be separated 
 from your husband !" Since curses of fathers and mothers always come 
 to pass, the girl resolves what to do against she becomes a deer. She brings 
 her sister out of the chest, tells her all [arranges with her to personate herself], 
 and says that if prince asks why she has silver teeth, she must say the 
 Madonna has changed them, and that she has vowed not to sleep with him 
 for six months. — (7) Then the girl who is enchanted (/a/a), being made a 
 deer, sets out for the wood. Her sister tells the prince what she was told to 
 say, and he believes it. After a time prince goes to hunt in the wood. — (8) 
 He is eating, and the deer comes up to his side, till at last she annoys him, 
 and, enraged, he takes his gun and fires. The wounded deer runs to the 
 palace, binds up her arm, and dresses like herself. The prince returns, tells 
 her what has happened, and shows the sister. They all live happily together. 
 
 A A 
 
354 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 139 EuGEN Prvm und Albert Socin, Der Neu-Araviliische Dialekt 
 des Tur Abditi. Gottingen, 1881. Vol. ii, p. 211-13. No. LII. 
 
 (i) Rich Jew has beloved wife, who one day says to him, ** My sins be 
 upon you, if after my death you marry any but a woman who can wear my 
 shoes." "All right," says he, and after her death lives alone with his 
 daughter for three years, in the meantime trying the shoes everywhere without 
 success. — (2) Daughter puts them on, and father declares he will marry her. 
 She says he must first fetch beautiful dresses from town. — (3) Daring his 
 absence she has lock fitted inside large chest, and shuts herself up in it with 
 food and money. Jew returns, is enraged at missing her, and takes chest 
 to market to be sold. Prince buys it, and keeps it in his own room. — (4) In 
 the evening he goes out into town and locks his door. Heroine comes forth, 
 takes out some rice, and cooks it, sweeps the room, spreads the carpet^ lights 
 a pipe, and lays it on the sofa-cushions ; then returns to chest. Prince opens 
 door, is much astonished at what he sees, and begins to smoke. Next morn- 
 ing, early, heroine prepares coffee with sugar, and returns to chest. — (5) Prince, 
 amazed, pretends to go out and lock door, but hides in corner of the room. 
 In the evening heroine comes out and does as before ; prince surprises her. 
 She tells her story, and about the shoes, and adds that if father should ever go 
 to law with prince, claiming that he sold him the chest but not his daughter, 
 she must be called into court to answer him. Prince agrees, and marries her. 
 — (6) She is the loveliest Jewess in the world, and is called Cabha (Aurora). 
 When Jew hears she has been found in chest, he goes to prince to claim her. 
 Heroine is called ; father says she is his daughter. She says she is not, or 
 would he have acted so towards her ? Father persists that she is, and tells 
 judge of vow to his wife, and how shoes fitted daughter, and that he told her 
 she must no longer call him father. Judge orders his execution. . . . [Story 
 does not end here.] 
 
 93 Revue Celtique, t. iii; reprinted in Folk-Lore, i, 289-91. (Told by 
 Miss Margaret Craig, of Darliston, Elgin. — Dialect of Moray- 
 shire.) 
 
 "Rashin Coatie." 
 
 (i) King and queen have lovely daughter. Queen dies, leaving daughter a 
 red calf, which will give her anything she wants. — (2) King marries ill-natured 
 woman with three ugly daughters ; they ill-treat heroine, clothe her in a 
 *' rashin coatie", and make her sit in kitchen-neuk ; everyone calls her Rashin 
 Coatie. She gets nothing to eat but the leavings of the rest. Calf gives her 
 everything she wants, wherefore stepmother has calf killed. — {3) Heroine 
 weeps ; dead calf says to her : 
 
 •* * Tak' me up, bane by bane, 
 
 And pit me aneth yon grey stanci' 
 
kEV. CELT. — REV. DES LANGUES ROMANES. 355 
 
 and whatever you want, come and seek it frae me, and I will give it you." — 
 (4) It is Yule-tide, and all go in best clothes to church. Heroine would like 
 to go also, but must stay at home to cook dinner. Left alone, she goes to 
 grey stone, and tells calf that she cannot make the dinner, and wants to go to 
 church. Calf gives her fine clothes, and bids her return to house and say : 
 
 •' Every peat gar iiher burn, 
 Every spit gar ither turn, 
 Every pot gar ither play, 
 Till I come frae the kirk this good Yule-day." 
 
 Then heroine goes to church, where prince falls in love with her. She leaves 
 before the blessing, and resumes rashin coatie ; calf has covered the table, and 
 dinner is ready. Three sisters return, and tell her of lovely lady in church. 
 She wishes they would let her go and see her on the morrow (for they used to 
 go three days running to church) ; but they will not. — (5) Next day all hap- 
 pens as before ; heroine gets even finer clothes, and prince bids someone 
 watch whither she goes. But she escapes unseen. — (6) Third day calf gives 
 still finer clothes ; young prince puts a guard at church door, but she jumps 
 over their heads, losing one satin slipper. — (7) Prince proclaims he will wed 
 whomsoever shoe fits. All the ladies of the land try, as well as the three 
 sisters ; but none can wear it. Henwife cuts her daughter's heels and toes, 
 and shoe is forced on her. Prince must keep his promise ; but as he rides 
 along with her behind him a bird begins to sing, and ever it sings : 
 
 " M inched fit, and pinched fit, 
 Beside the king she rides, 
 But braw fit, and bonny fit. 
 In the kitchen-neuk she hides." 
 
 Prince asks what bird says. Henwife says, "Never mind." — (8) Prince 
 suspects that someone has not tried shoe j is determined to try it on Rashin 
 Coatie. She runs away to grey stone, where red calf dresses her very splen- 
 didly, then returns to prince. Shoe jumps from his pocket on to her foot. — 
 (9) He marries her. 
 
 Revue des langues Romanes, t. v (1874). P. 369. (From Gignac 190 
 Herault. Transcribed by M. Emilien Hubac.) 
 
 "La Peau d'Ane." 
 
 (i) Widowed king has a daughter so very beautiful that he falls in love 
 with her and promises her anything she can desire if she will marry him. — 
 (2) Heroine, in alarm, asks for a dress like the sky with stars. King pro- 
 cures it after much trouble, and heroine next demands dress like the moon. 
 When this is procured, she says she must yet have dress like the sun. Father 
 obtains it, and tells heroine she must now marry him in eight days. — (3) 
 Heroine goes to her room and weeps day and night. Presently she bethinks 
 her that her father has an ass, which she has heard him say he would not part 
 
 A A 3 
 
356 ciNDfiRfeLLA Variants. 
 
 with even if his life depended on it. She determines what to do, and when 
 father comes to her room to ask if she is ready to marry him, she tells him 
 she must first have the skin of his pet ass. Father is vexed, but can refuse 
 her nothing ; the ass is flayed, and the skin given her. — (4) Heroine now 
 determines to escape. She takes her dresses and the ass-skin, and sets forth 
 at night. She meets a fairy who had been present at her baptism, and who 
 now asks where she is going so late. Fairy gives her magic ring, by means 
 of which she can work her will, and leaves her. Heroine puts ass-skin over 
 her shoulders, and proceeds. — (5) At length she reaches a castle, and asks to 
 be engaged as shepherdess. The people are astonished at her strange garb, 
 but give her charge of the lambs. One day, when following her flock, she 
 enters a little house, throws off the ass-skin, dons the sky- coloured dress, and 
 amuses herself before the mirror. King's son happens to pass at the moment, 
 and, being curious to see the little house, peeps through the keyhole, sees a 
 most beautiful young lady, and forthwith is enamoured of her. He goes 
 to castle and inquires who the young lady is who is shut up in the little house. 
 They think he must be joking, for she is only some tramp that they have 
 hired as shepherdess, and she is always wrapped up in her ass-skin. He 
 insists that he saw a beautiful lady, and they tell him to go and look again, 
 for he must be mistaken. He does not see her, however, for in the meantime 
 she has left. — (6) He goes home and falls ill. His parents send for the 
 doctor, who tells them that the best remedy would be for him to marry. 
 King's son says he will not marry till he has eaten a cake made by the 
 shepherdess called Peau d'Ane. His mother asks where he saw her, and 
 is directed to the castle. All burst out laughing when they hear that the 
 queen has come to fetch such a dirty creature to make a cake for her son. — 
 (7) Heroine shuts herself up in the little house, throws off ass-skm, and dons 
 the moon-dress. Then she kneads her cake, puts in it the ring the fairy gave 
 her, and sends it to king's son. — (8) He tastes the cake and finds the ring, 
 and declares he will wed whomsoever it fits, and will make her queen. All 
 the young girls come to the castle to try it, but it is too large for some, too 
 small for others. King's son asks continually for Peau d'Ane, who is so 
 lovely in his eyes. His mother, however, has found her so ugly that she 
 refuses to admit her, till king's son says all except Peau d'Ane have tried the 
 ring. — (9) Heroine is fetched, and all laugh to see her wrapped in her ass- 
 skin. She asks for a room to dress in, and in a moment she emerges clad 
 like a princess in the sun-dress. The ring fits her perfectly, for it is enchanted 
 and will fit no one else, and king's son marries her. News is sent to her 
 father, who attends the wedding. 
 
 191 Revue des Traditions populaires^ t. iii. " Trois Contes Pontevins," 
 by Leon Pineau. No. I, pp. 268-72. (From Lussac-les- 
 Chateaux, Vienne.) 
 
 "Le Bouc Blanc." 
 
 (i) A man is transformed by a fairy into a white goat till he shall find 
 someone to marry him. He lives alone in castle, and is invisible to all comers. 
 
REVUE DES TRAD. POPULAIRES. 357 
 
 Father determines to visit castle. He and his horse are well cared for by 
 invisible hands. A huge shadow waits upon him. He has feasted well, 
 explored everything, and is about to depart, when shadow cries, ** Ungrateful 
 wretch, are you going without thanking me?" Then it says he must return on 
 the morrow, or bring his youngest daughter in his stead.^— (2) He goes home 
 and tells daughter, who weeps, but consents to go. They set out together. 
 Arrived at the castle, they are well served. They see the shadow waiting 
 upon them. — (3) Father departs, and a white goat appears to heroine and 
 asks her to marry him. She need have no fear, for he will not be a white 
 goat much longer. He forbids her to look in his ear, then falls asleep. — (4) 
 She looks and finds a key. With this she opens a door and sees workmen 
 making cloth. She greets them. They say they have been seven years work- 
 ing at this cloth for her. She opens another door, and sees dressmakers at 
 work upon all sorts of robes and things. She greets them, and learns they 
 have been seven years working for her. In a third room she finds girls who 
 for seven years have been making lace for her. Then she returns to replace 
 key in goat's ear ; but goat is awake, and reproves her for her disobedience. 
 Heroine says she shall go home to her father. — (5) Her mother has 
 just died, having made husband promise never to marry again unless he 
 finds someone just like her. — (6) Heroine resembles deceased mother, and 
 father wishes to marry her. — (7) She seeks advice of fairy-godmother, who 
 bids her demand dress like the sun, then dress like the stars, lastly, dress like 
 the moon. Father provides them all in turn, and heroine then demands a 
 little wheelbarrow which will travel night or day, above or below the ground. 
 — (8) He finds this at last, and off she goes in it. — (9) She meets a queer 
 little man with a little donkey, asks him to sell it to her, skins it, and gets 
 inside skin. She goes on further, and sees some people beating walnut-tree, 
 and asks leave to take one walnut. A little further, people are picking 
 almonds, and she begs for an almond. Further still they are picking nuts, and 
 she takes one. — (10) Then she goes to a castle, and asks to be engaged 
 as turkey girl. She drives her turkeys into the park, cracks her walnut, and 
 finds inside a distaff, which spins all by itself. In the almond she finds a 
 winder, which works alone, and in the nut a frame, which makes the balls all 
 by itself. Then she asks mistress for some hemp, and returns it to her in the 
 evening all ready wound.— (11) Next day she tells mistress that she did not 
 give her enough hemp. Mistress asks, in surprise, how she can possibly get 
 so much done. She is watched, and they see the instruments working by 
 themselves, whilst heroine walks round her flock, singing. Mistress wants to 
 buy the distaff. — (12) Heroine consents to part with it, if in return she may 
 sleep one night in the chamber of echoes. All night long heroine says, " Did 
 I offend you so sorely, my dear white goat ?" Next day the other servants 
 ask mistress what can have been the matter with the turkey-girl, and tell her 
 what she was saying all night long. — (13) Mistress wants to buy the winder, 
 and heroine parts with it for permission to pass another night in the chamber 
 of echoes ; and the same thing hapf ens as before. Young master hears 
 
 i See note 57. 
 
358 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 servants complaining of being kept awake. He throws away his habitual 
 sleeping draught, listens to heroine, and says, ** I hear you, I hear you !" 
 Heroine is heard no more. — (14) Next day young master falls ill, and doctors 
 are called. He says he must have a pate made by Peau ri'Ane to cure him. 
 Mother tries to dissuade him by saying that Peau d'Ane is so dirty. He 
 insists that nothing but that pdte can cure him. — (15) Peau d'Ane is ordered 
 to make it. She asks to be left alone. They watch her. Having washed 
 herself in a silver basin, she makes W^t pdte, and puts in it a ring off her 
 finger. — (16) Young master finds ring, and declares he will wed whomsoever 
 it fits. Duchesses and countesses try it in vain. Peau d'Ane is called, and 
 the grand ladies gather up their skirts lest she touch them. — (17) When she 
 has put on the ring she reappears in her sun-dress, which, in her turn, she 
 gathers together, that it shall not touch the others. And that very day they 
 are married. 
 
 192 Rivista di Litter aiura popolare. Torino, Roma, Firenze, 1877. 
 " Novelline di Santo Stefano di Calcinaia," by A. de Guber- 
 natis. No. V, p. 86. (Narrated by girl who had heard it 
 from her mother, a contadina of EmpoU.) 
 
 " Pellicina."^ 
 
 (i) Father seeks to marry daughter, because she alone can wear deceased 
 mother's ring. — (2) Fairy counsels heroine to demand from father dress with 
 sea and fishes, dress like the sun, and dress like the moon and stars. — (3) She 
 escapes with these, and hires herself to work in garden belonging to noble- 
 man with an only son. — (4) There is a ball. Pcllicina a^ks son to take her 
 with him. He says, "Get up, you mud-scraptr {razzola-terrd). When he 
 has started, heroine dons sea-coloured dress, and appears at ball. He falls in 
 love, and asks her name. *' Mud-scraper," she says. — (5) Second time she 
 asks to go to ball, he calls her a blockhead {moccicona), which name she gives 
 at second ball, and on the third occasion repeats another opprobrious epithet. 
 — (6) At the third ball he gives her a ring. She escapes from him, and he 
 falls ill with love. — (7) His mother fears to lose him. Doctors cannot succour. 
 — (8) Then heroine makes a pie, and puts in it the ring prince gave her. He 
 sends for girl who made pie ; heroine appears in most gorgeous dress, and is 
 recognised. — (9) Prince is quite cured, and marries her. 
 
 193 l^R- Sylvio Romero, Co?itos populares do Brazil. [Lisbon, 
 1885.] Section 1. Story No. IX, p. 29. (Told at Sergipe.) 
 
 "Dona Labismina." 
 
 (i) Queen has been long married, and has no children. She longs for one, 
 and says : "God grant me even a snake." She gives birth to a daughter with 
 
 ^ Pellicini is the name given in a Tuscan story corresponding in Calcinaia to 
 Cinderella. It reminds one, rather, of Peau d^Ane, — Gubernatis. 
 
ROMERO. 359 
 
 a snake rolled round her neck. All the family are di-jgusted, but no one can 
 take the snake from the child's neck. They grow both together, and the child 
 is fond of the snake. She is accustomed to go to the sea-shore, and there the 
 snake will uncurl herself and play in the waves ; but the princess cries till the 
 snak^ rolls herself again round her neck. They go back to the palace, and 
 nobody knows of it. But at last, one day the snake enters the sea and comes 
 back no more, but tells her sister to call for her when in danger. The snake 
 is called Labismina, and the princess, Mary.— (2) Years pass, and queen fal's 
 sick and dies, after drawing a ring from her finger, and saying to the king, 
 " When you want to marry agiin, let it be a princess whom this ring fits — 
 neither too slack nor too tight." — (3) After a time king has the ring tried on 
 all ihe princesses of every kingdom ; but it fits none. His daughter alone has 
 not tried it. — {4) He calls her, puts the ring on her finger, and it fits exactly. 
 He says he shall marry her; she is troubled, and weeps. — (5) She thinks of 
 Labismina, and goes to the sea-shore and calls her. The snake comes, com- 
 forts her, and bids her ask king for a robe of the colour of the field with all 
 its flowers. King is vexed, but after a long time procures the robe. Snake 
 now bids princess ask for a robe the colour of the sea with all its fishes, 
 which is also obtained after a long time. Next she is counselled to ask for a 
 robe the colour of the sky with all its stars. Father grows desperate, but 
 promises to obtain it, and at length succeeds. — (6) Princess now runs to the 
 sea, and embarks on a ship which snake his been preparing. She is to land 
 in a realm she will touch at, where she will marry a prince. At the time of 
 her marriage she must call three times for Labismina, who will then be dis- 
 enchanted and become a princess. Mary goes. — (7) She leaps ashore where 
 the ship touches, and then has to beg employment of the queen, who sets her 
 to take care of the royal poultry. — (8) Some time after there is a three days' 
 festival in the city. All the palace goes, and the pouUry-maid is left behind. 
 The first day she combs herself, dons the dress the colour of the field, begs 
 Labismina for a fine carriage, and goes to the festival. All admire her, and 
 the king's son falls in love with her. She leaves before the end of the feast, 
 puts on her old clothes, and returns to her fowls. Prince comes home 
 and abks mother if she saw the lovely girl ; says he wants to marry her, and 
 that she is just like their poultry-maid. Mother tells him to go and see how 
 different the poultry-maid is. Prince finds her, and says, ** Poultry-maid, I 
 saw a girl at the festival just like thee." ** Prince, you mock me ! Who am 
 I?"— (9) Next day she goes to festival in sea-coloured dress and a grander 
 carriage ; and on the third day in the sky-coloured dress. The prince is 
 enraptured, flings himself at her feet, and throws into her lap a jewel, which 
 she keeps.— (10) Returning to the palace, he falls sick with love, and cannot 
 leave his bed. He will not take his broth. Queen sends everyone to try and 
 tempt him, but in vain. Only the poultry-maid is left, and the queen bids her 
 go. She answers : *' Nonsense ! Queen, why tease me? What am I to the 
 prince that he should take broth from my hand ? But let me make some to 
 send him." — (li) Queen agrees, and poultry- maid puts into the cup of broth 
 the jewel which the prince gave her. When he sees it he springs out of 
 bed, saying he is quite well, and is going to marry the girl who has charge of 
 
360 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 the fowls. She is sent for, and appears dressed as at the festival. — (12) There 
 is great joy and feasting, and Princess Mary marries the prince.— (13) But 
 she forgets to call Labismina by her name, so she is not disenchanted. And 
 that is why to this day the sea roars and grows furious at times. 
 
 94 Rozprawy i Sprawozdanta, etc. (Dissertations et Comptes-rendus 
 des Seances de la Faculte de Philologie de F Academic des 
 Sciences [de Cracovie], 14 vols., 1874-1892). Vol. ix, pp. 
 194-197. (Taken down in dialect, very carefully and faith- 
 fully, from the neighbourhood of Wadowice, near to Cracow. 
 — Dr. Karlowicz.) 
 
 "The Story of an Orphan." 
 
 (i) Stepmother favours her own daughter and ill-treats orphan. — (2) In- 
 stead of taking her to church, she pretends to have upset some oatmeal into 
 the dust-heap, and makes heroine separate the oatmeal from the sweepings. — 
 (3) Heroine goes to well to get water; a beautiful lady comes forth from 
 well, gives her a dress like sun and moon, and gold shoes, promises to 
 perform task for her, and sends her to church. Everyone is greatly aston- 
 ished. — (4) All happens the same next Sunday. The king's son runs after 
 heroine when she leaves the church ; the Virgin causes her to be wrapped in 
 mist, and so she escapes pursuit. — (5) Third Sunday tar is spread, and 
 heroine's shoe remains sticking to it. — (6) Prince arranges a ball, and invites 
 all the girls. The shoe is tried, but in vain. — (7) Search is made throughout 
 the country. Stepmother, seeing the king's people coming, hides heroine 
 under a trough, and cuts own daughter's foot so that it shall go into the shoe. 
 — (8) But the cock flies on to the trough and sings out that the owner of the 
 shoe is underneath. — (9) The shoe is tried on heroine, the mystery explained, 
 and the prince marries her. 
 
 95 Eero Salmelainen, Tales and Fables of the Finns. Part I. 
 Edited by Eero Salmelainen. Helsingfors, 187 1. Pp. 59-67. 
 No. VII, i. (Collected in Russian "CareHa by E. Lonnrot. 1836. 
 No. III.) 
 
 "The Wonderful Birch-Tree." 
 
 ( I ) An old man and woman have an only daughter. Losing a sheep, they 
 go in different directions, but seek it in vain. Approaching the woman, an 
 Ogress says, "Spit into my knife-sheath, pass between my legs, turn into a 
 black sheep," and changes her into a sheep, while she herself takes the form of 
 the woman. Calling to the man, the Ogress says she has found the sheep, 
 and they both go home ; then, that they must kill the sheep. The daughter 
 runs to the sheep-pen, tells her mother of this, and is warned not to eat any 
 
.SALMELAINEN. 36 1 
 
 of her, but to gather her bones and bury them in the headland of the field. 
 The sheep is then killed, the daughter refuses to eat any of it, buries the bones 
 as directed, and therefrom springs a great and very beautiful birch- tree. — 
 (2) In time the Ogress gives birth to a daughter, and plagues the man's 
 daughter in every way. Once the king holds a great feast, to which all are 
 invited, including the poor, the lame, and the blind. Before the Ogress and 
 her daughter start off with the man to the feast, she upsets the stove, sprinkles 
 a quarter- measure of barley over it, and tells the man's daughter she must 
 collect the barley in the measure and put the stove to rights before evening, 
 or she will eat her. The girl tries to do so, but soon finds her labour in vain. 
 So, going to her mother's grave, she weeps, till her mother asks her the 
 reason. After hearing it she tells her daughter to take a branch from the 
 birch, and with it sweep crosswise on the stove, when everything will get 
 arranged. The girl does so ; the barley collects into the measure, and the 
 stove resumes its place. Returning to the birch, she is told by her mother to 
 bathe at one side of the birch, to douse herself at another, and dress herself at 
 a third side. Doing this, she becomes the most beautiful girl in the world, 
 gets bfautiful clothes, and a horse with hair partly of gold, silver, and some- 
 thing better. Mounting, she gallops to the king's castle ; is met by the king's 
 son, and led within. Everyone admires, but no one recognises her. They sit 
 side by side at the head of the table, but the daughter of the Ogress, who is 
 under it munching bones, gets a kick from the king's son, thinking she was a 
 dog, which breaks her arm. — (3) When leaving the castle to go home, the 
 girl leaves her ring sticking to the door-handle, which the king's son had 
 tarred, and has no time to remove it. Hurrying back to the birch, she 
 undresses, leaves the horse there, and goes behind the stove. The Ogress, 
 on her return, explains that while the king's son was carrying her daughter 
 she fell and broke her arm. — (4) Next day much the same incidents recur, 
 though now it is a quarter-measure of flax-seed the girl must gather up ; the 
 king's son breaks the leg of the Ogress's daughter under the table ; the girl's 
 golden ear-ring sticks to the door-post, which the king's son had tarred, and 
 this time she tells her mother of its loss, but is promised a better one. — 
 (5) Next day the same events occur, though now the Ogress spills the same 
 quantity of milk for the girl to collect ; the Ogress's daughter has her eye 
 kicked out under the table ; the girL loses her gold shoes, which stick to the 
 tarred threshold. — (6) The king's son, wishing to know who was the owner of 
 articles left sticking in the tar, h?s another feast prepared on the fourth day. 
 Before starting thither the Ogress attaches a washing-bat to her daughter for 
 a leg, a pancake- roller for an arm, and a horse- dropping for an eye ; whoever's 
 finger, ear, and feet fit the rings and shoes in possession of the king's son is to 
 be his bride. All present try them on in vain. He sends finally for Cinder- 
 ella, but the Ogress prevents his giving her the articles to try on, and makes 
 him give them to her daughter, whose finger, feet, and ears she files down till 
 the rings and shoes fit. So he has to marry the Ogress's daughter, but, being 
 ashamed of being married in the castle, goes for a few days to her home. 
 "When he is about to return to the castle, Cinderella makes herself known, and 
 he takes her as well as his bride with him. Having to pass a river, he pushes 
 
362 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 the Ogress's daughter into it for a bridge, and passes over it with Cinderella. 
 There the former has to remain as a bridge, and in her grief says, *' May a 
 hollow golden stalk grow out of my navel ; peihaps my mother will get know- 
 ledge of it." Immediately a hollow golden stalk grows out of her on the 
 bridge. — (7) The king's son takes Cinderella as his bride ; they go to the 
 birch on her mother's grave, and get from there all sorts of treasures of gold 
 and silver, besides a splendid horse, on which they ride to the castle. At the 
 same time the birch completely disappears. In time the bride is delivered of 
 a son. The Ogress, hearing of this, and believing she is her daughter, goes to 
 the castle, and on her way, seeing the golden stalk, is about to cut it. Her 
 daughter cries out not to cut her navel, and that she is the bridge. The 
 Ogress smashes it, hurries to castle, and says to Cinderella : " Spit into my 
 knife-sheath, bewitch my knife-blade, turn into a reindeer." Though she 
 neither spits nor does anything else, she is changed into a reindeer, and the 
 Ogress's daughter replaces her. The infant being very restless from want of 
 milk, its father goes to old widow for advice, and is told his wife is in the 
 forest in the shape of a reindeer, and his present wife is the Ogress's daughter. 
 When he asks how he can get her back, the widow tells him to let her take the 
 child into the forest. When she goes for it the Ogress objects, but the king's 
 son insists on her taking it. In the forest the widow sings to the reindeer, 
 which then comes and suckles her child, and tells the woman to bring it 
 again next day. — (8) Next day the Ogress again objects, but the widow takes it 
 to the reindeer as before. The child becomes extremely beautiful, and its 
 father asks widow if it is possible his wife can regain her human shape. The 
 widow does not know, but tells him to go to the forest, and when the reindeer 
 throws off its skin he is to burn it while she is searching his wife's head. All 
 this is done, and she resumes her human shape ; but not liking to be seen 
 naked, she turns into a spinning wheel, a washing-vat, a spindle, etc., all of 
 which her husband destroys till she becomes human again. — (9) On their 
 return to the castle he orders a huge fire to be made under the bath with tar, 
 and its approach to be covered with brown and blue cloth. Then he invites 
 the Ogress's daughter to take a bath. She and her mother, in stepping over 
 the cloth, fall a depth of three fathoms into the fire and tar. Striking the 
 ground with her little finger, the Ogress screams out, ** May worms come 
 upon the earth, insects fill the air, for the torment of mankind 1" 
 
 96 m'd., pp. 68-73. No. VII, ii. (Collected by J. Cajan in 
 Russian Carelia. 1836. No. VIII.) 
 
 "The Marvellous Oak." 
 
 (i) A man and woman had an only daughter, a pretty, tidy girl. Her 
 mother dying, her father marries an Ogress, unwittingly, with a grown up 
 daughter. The two latter plague her in every way. — (2) The king holds 
 a great feast, to which all are invited — the poor, lame, and the blind. 
 When the Ogress with her daughter starts for it, her stepdaughter, who 
 
SALMELAINEN. 363 
 
 wishes to accompany them, is angrily told she is not wanted. The Ogress 
 knocks over the stove, upsets a quarter-measure of barley over it, and tells 
 the girl she must put everything as it was by her return. — (3) Weeping she 
 goes to the grave of her mother, who hands her a switch, tells her to strike 
 it crosswise against the stove, and her task will be executed. She does as 
 advised ; the barley-grains collect in the mea'-ure, and the stove resumes its 
 former state. — (4) On her way to the castle the Ogress meets a ram with 
 a pair of shears on its horns, which implores her to shear it and take the wool 
 as a reward. She rudely declines. Soon she meets an old beggar-man, who 
 asks her to search his head, for which he will give his staff, and gets 
 a similar answer. — (5) After performing her task, Cinderella starts after the 
 others ; meets the ram, is asked the same question, complies, and gets the 
 wool for her pains. She also complies with the old beggar's request, re- 
 ceives his staff as a reward, and is told that further on she will find a gre*t oak, 
 which she is to strike crosswise with the staff, when it will open up all sorts 
 of good things for her. She does this, and finds treasures in the centre of 
 the oak. Clothing herself beautifully, she takes a fine horse and gallops to 
 the casile. There she is given plenty to eat and drink ; but, though all are 
 as onished at the beautiful stranger, none recognise her. While the guests 
 are eating, the Ogress's daughter is under the table gnawing bones, where she 
 is kicked, and loses an eye. After feasting, Cinderella gees heme, but is 
 followed by the people. She throws away her ring, and, while the people 
 are looking for ir, gallops back to the oak. Here she changes her clothes, 
 goes and sits behind the stove. On the return of the Ogress and her daughter, 
 Cinderella asks what they have s en, and learns they saw the most beautiful 
 girl imaginable. " Was it not I ?" says Cinderella, a remark which is 
 leceived with scorn.— (6) Next day, before returning to the castle, the Ogress 
 again overturns the stove, sifts rye over it, and gives the girl the same oiders 
 as before. From her mother she again gets the switch, therewith puts all to 
 rights, goes to the oak, dresses splendidly, dashes off to the castle, and is 
 entertained as before. The Ogrtss's daughter, when under the table, has an 
 arm broken. This time Cinderella throws away an ear-ring for the people to 
 pick up, and the same incidents follow as before. — (7) The third day the 
 Ogress, before starting, breaks the stove, spills turnip-seed, and gives Cinder- 
 ella the same order as before. At the oak she gets finer clothes than before, 
 and a horse the hair of which is partly gold and partly silver, on which she rides 
 to the castle ; she sits at the end of the table. This time the Ogress's 
 daughter has a leg broken under the table. When taking her departure, to 
 avoid being caught, Cinderella throws away her golden shoe, and, while they 
 are Icok'ng for it, makes her escape unrecognised home. The Ogress and 
 her daughter ridicule her when she says she has been at the castle. — (8) On 
 the fourth day a feast is held, to which all are invited, to discover who owns the 
 ring, ear-ring, and golden shoe. The Ogress puts on her daughter a washing- 
 bat as a leg, a pancake- roller as an arm, and a horse-dropping as an eye, and 
 goes to the castle. The king announces that whoever tan fit on the rings 
 and shoe is to be his son's bride. All the girls try them on, but in vain. 
 The Ogress tries, by cutting at and filing her daughter's leg and hand, to 
 
364 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 make them fit, but without success. The king then orders Cinderella to be 
 brought from behind the stove. She could not go to the oak, but had to go 
 in her working-clothes all over ashes. All the articles fit her. The king's 
 son is alarmed at having to take such a bride. He takes her from palace to 
 palace to show her his possessions, and she asks him to see what she has got. 
 She takes him to the oak, strikes it with her staff; they take what they 
 please; the bridegroom no longer regrets his marriage; they go home and 
 live happily. 
 
 97 Ihid.^ pp. 73-77. No. VII, iii. (Collected in Tavastland by 
 A. E. Nylander. 1850-1. No. XXXIII.) 
 
 "The Three Sisters." 
 
 (l) There are three sisters, two good and one worse, but all beautiful. 
 Their parents dying suddenly, they have to go into service. The two elder 
 ones propose taking service at the king's castle, and, being proud, will not 
 let the youngest accompany them. On their way they encounter a pig with 
 a trough in front of it, which it asks them to remove or it will burst. They 
 scornfully refuse. Then they meet a cow with a pail attached to its horns. 
 She asks them to milk her, to drink the milk as a reward, to throw the 
 remainder on her hocks, and replace the pail. This they decline to do. 
 Next they meet an old man, who asks to have his head searched, offering his 
 staff as a reward. This, too, they refuse to do. On reaching the castle they 
 enter the service of the king. — {2) The youngest sister thinks of offering 
 herself as swineherd at the castle, and starts thither. Encountering the pig 
 and hearing its request, she removes the trough. Meeting the cow and 
 hearing its request, she cheerfully complies. She also searches the old man's 
 head; is given his staff, and told if she strikes a certain lock near the castle 
 she will find there whatever she wishes or needs. She then goes to the castle 
 and is taken on as swineherd. — (3) Her sisters continue to annoy her, and on 
 Sunday give her one bean and one grain of corn to cook their dinner of, 
 while they are at church. While she is crying over this task, the old man 
 that had given her the staff tells her to go to church and he will cook. She 
 goes to the rock, strikes it, obtains from it a beautiful carriage, horses, and 
 fine clothes, and drives to church. All are astonished at her beauty, but no 
 one knows her. After leaving church she drives back hastily, changes her 
 clothes, and walks to the castle. Her sisters find the food so good they can 
 say nothing, and speak of the beautiful girl they saw in church. — (4) Next 
 Sunday the same occurs again, but the young king, who happened to be in 
 church, hurries after her without being able to overtake her. — (5) Next 
 Sunday the two sisters again go to church, leaving the youngest one at home, 
 who, after getting fine clothes, a carriage, and money from the rock, follows 
 them. In leaving church her shoe sticks to the threshold, which the king 
 has had tarred. The people try to catch her, but she scatters the money 
 among them, and all but the king stop to pick it up. He follows so closely 
 behind her that she has only time to throw a skin over her fine clothes and 
 
SALMELAINEN. — SAMLAREN. — SCHLEICHER. 365 
 
 escape home. — (6) The king takes the golden shoe, assembles the people, and 
 announces he will marry whomsoever it fits. All the girls try it on in vain. 
 The elder sisters file down and whittle their toes to no purpose. At last the 
 king sends for the swineherd-girl, and the shoe exactly fits. In putting it on 
 the king notices her golden dress under the {■kin-coat, which he pulls off, and, 
 guessing she is the beauty he had seen in church, asks her to be his bride. 
 The wedding is held with great joy, but the elder sisters could not be present, 
 as their feet were damaged from the filing and whittling. 
 
 Samlaren, viii. 1887. Pp. 178-179. A Swedish version by 98 
 Olaus Laurentii Calmariensis, 161 2. (Contributed to the 
 magazine by H. Schiick.) 
 
 " Cinderella." 
 
 (i) A farmer would compel his daughter to marry the man-servant. — (2) 
 The bull comforts her, and offers to carry her off on his back. — (3) They 
 pass through an oak wood ; the bull forbids her touching a leaf, but she plucks 
 one, places it in her bosom, and instantly she is clad in brass. A wolf attacks 
 them, but is put to death by the horns of the bull. — (4) They traverse a hazel- 
 wood ; heroine takes a leaf, and is clad in silver. Two wolves attack them, 
 and are slain. — (5) Heroine plucks a leaf in the lime-tree wood. Bull says, 
 ' ' When I am torn to pieces by the wolves, flay me and put on my hide ; 
 cut off my left horn to keep your dresses in." — (6) Heroine reaches king's 
 castle, and is hired as cook's help. — {7) On Sunday she asks leave [to go to 
 church]. 
 [The above fragment was found in Codex E. 8, Upsala.] 
 
 August Schleicher, Litauische Mdrchen, Sprichworte, Rdtsel 194 
 und Lieder^ gesammelt und iibersetzt von. Weimar, 1857. 
 Pp. 10-12. 
 
 " The Beautiful Princess." 
 
 (i) King has beautiful wife, with stars round her brow, a sun on the top, 
 and a moon at the back, of her head. But she soon dies, leaving a daughter 
 as lovely as herself. — (2) King travels far, seeking another wife, but finding 
 none so fair as the first, determines to marry his daughter. — (3) She objects, 
 but cannot make him reUnquish his purpose. She therefore demands, first, a 
 dress of louse-skins, a silver dress, a diamond ring, and a gold shoe. King 
 gives her all. — (4) On the eve of the wedding, heroine goes to ask advice of 
 old woman, who tells her to pack all her things, and leave home that night. 
 Next morning king seeks her in vain. — (5) She comes to a river, and gets 
 into a boat. Ferry-man refuses to row her, and, unless she will have him, he 
 will drown her instantly. She will not accept him, and he throws her out of 
 
3^^ eiNDtifefiLLA VARIANTS. 
 
 the boat.— (6) She springs on to the bank, and walks on till she comes to a 
 rock. *'0 God!" she says, "if only this were a room" ; and the rock opens 
 into a room, which she enters. She finds everything she could wish. She 
 leaves her fine cMthes here, and comes out. The room becomes a rock again. 
 — (7) She comes to a house, and offers herself as scullion [Aschenbrodel). Her 
 brother lives here as secretary — for he also had left his father's house— and 
 has a servant to wait upon him. When he calls his servant to fetch him 
 water, or his boots, heroine always runs to take them, and he throws them 
 at her heels. — (8) She asks her mistress to allow her to go home, but goes 
 instead to the rock, which becomes a room as she draws near. She dons 
 her fine clothes, and a carriage appears to take her to church. — (9) The 
 secretary is there, and notices the lovely girl, and goes again the following 
 Sunday for the sake of seeing her. But mistress has told her she must get 
 home earlier than the secretary. — (10) One day she is late, and has not time 
 to doff fine dress, but puts evt-ry-day clothes on over it.— (ii) Secretary sends 
 his servant to fetch her to search his head. She will not go, saying she has 
 never bten wanted yet, and is not wanted now. But when servant is sent a 
 second time for her, she is obliged to go. With his head on her knees, the 
 secretary examines her clothes, and comes upon the mantle. — (12) Then he 
 gets up and tears the kerchief from her head, and recognises his sister. They 
 leave the house together, but none knows whither they go. 
 
 297 Bernhard Schmidt, Griechische Mdrchen^ Sage?i und Volkslieder. 
 Leipzig^ 1877. Pp. 93-98. No. XII. (From Zakynthos.) 
 
 "The Dragon." 
 
 (i) King, out hunting, follows a stag till it vanishes, and he finds himself in 
 a garden. He opens a door, which leads to another garden with trees of 
 gold and plants of diamonds. He plucks a rose, and a long thread springs 
 out and winds itself round him till he cannot move. Suddenly a dragon ap- 
 pears with great noise, and makes king promise to bring one of his daughters 
 in a month's time to be his wife. — (2) Kirg returns home very sorrowful. 
 Children ask why, and he tells them. Two elder daughters will not consent 
 to go to dragon, but youngest offers herself willingly. At the appointed time 
 king takes her to dragon, who meets them with great retinue, and clad in gold 
 and splendour. He conducts heroine to a magnificent palace. After the 
 wedding the king returns home, the dragon having gifted him with great 
 wealth, and bidden him come whenever he will to visit his daughter. — (3) 
 Every day the dragon leaves the castle, after kissing his wife and forbidding 
 her to enter one particular loom. One day, when he has gone away for 
 three months, she opens the forbidden room, and sees before her a deep pit 
 with a young man in it, groaning and wailing. She determines to rescue him, 
 throws him a rope, and draws him up. He is a prince whom the dragon had 
 wounded and cast into the pit. She heals his wounds, and in three weeks he 
 is well. — (4) Then she bids him go forth, and, in order to rescue her, get a 
 
SCHMIDT. — SCHNELLER. 367 
 
 large gold chest which opens from inside, and bring it to palace that she may 
 buy it. Then she will hide inside chest, and the dragon, having lost her, will 
 sell it, so as not to be reminded of her. She tells the prince not to let his 
 mother kiss him when he gets home, or he will forget her. — (5) Prince goes 
 home, orders gold chest, and does not kiss his mother ; but in the night she 
 comes to his room and kisses him, and next morning he has forgotten every- 
 thing.^ When goldsmith brings the gold chest prince says he never ordered 
 it, and goldsmith tries to sell it elsewhere. — (6) Chance brings him to the 
 place wh:re the dragon dwells, and the princess buys the chest, telling the 
 goldsmith to return and buy it back in two months' time, and take it to the 
 place where dwells the prince whom she had delivered. — (7) In this way the 
 chest comes at length into the possession of the prince, and he puts it in his 
 own room. The queen sets food for the prince in his room, and during his 
 absence, heroine gets out of the che t and eats it. Queen tells him to stay at 
 home one day and see what happens, and in this way heroine is discovered. 
 The moment he sees her he recollects her, and pleads for forgiveness for 
 having forgotten her. He asks his mother to send him a double portion 
 of food daily. — (8) Some time passes, and the prince has to go away to the 
 war. He begs mother to have food taken to his room every day as usual, and 
 on no account to have the chest moved. Prince has an aunt whose daughter 
 wishes to marry him. Aunt notices that since he has had the gold chest he 
 has not cared so much about her daughter. So she begs queen to lend her 
 the gold chest one day for a banquet ; queen consents, and directly aunt has 
 chest in her possession she gives orders for it to be thrown on the fire. — (9) 
 When heroine hears this she gets out, changes into a bird, and flies away. 
 Then the aunt gives the chest back. When prince returns and finds it empty 
 he questions mother, who jays it has not been moved. — (10) Prince falls ill, 
 and sits every day at the window weeping. One day he hears a noise, and a 
 bird flies into the room and changes into a girl. He is overjoyed, questions 
 her, and sends for a priest to marry them secretly. Then he tells his aunt he 
 is going to marry her daughter in a few days. — (11) Everything is made 
 ready ; the bride sits by the bridegroom, his wife being also present. When 
 the priest bids him lead his bride forward he takes his wife by the hand, pro- 
 claims her his wife before them all, and relates all that has happened. The 
 aunt and her daughter are beheaded, and the rest live happily. 
 
 Christian Schneller, Mdrchen und Sagen aus Walschtirol. 268 
 Innsbruck, 1867. Tale No. XXIV, pp. 59-63. 
 
 " Aschenbrodel." 
 
 ( I ) A rich old man, thinking he must shortly die, calls his three daughters 
 to choose gifts from him. Eldest asks for gold ear-rings ; second, for beautiful 
 new dress ; and youngest, who is very beautiful, begs for father's sword. 
 
 1 See note 58. 
 
368 ClT^DEiRELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 This is a magic sword. Its possessor has only to give an order for it to be 
 executed. Father gives desired gifts, even the sword, thinking he will no 
 longer need it, as he is dying. But he lives yet a long time. One day 
 heroine asks leave to go forth into the world to seek her fortune. Father is 
 amused, and asks whether, being a girl, she does not fear to go alone. She 
 replies that, having the sword, no harm can befall her, and she wants to seek 
 husband for herself. — (2) Father gives permission, and she sets out, hiding 
 sword under her clothes. She comes to a large town, where she takes service. 
 Whilst sweeping and dusting rooms of a morning she notices large palace 
 opposite, belonging to handsome young count. He is often sad and moody, 
 and parents urge him to marry, but no one pleases him enough. Heroine 
 sees him often, and falls in love with him ; at length leaves present service to 
 be kitchen-maid at palace. She must remain all day on the hearth, and being 
 covered with ashes she is called Aschenbrodel.— {3) Young count says he will 
 go to ball. Mother is pleased, hoping it will cheer him. Aschenbrodel has 
 overheard, and as soon as he has started goes to her room, washes herself, 
 takes sword, and asks it for lovely sky-blue dress, and carriage and horses. 
 In this way she goes to ball where young count is, and is noticed by all. She 
 speaks first to count, who is too shy to ask whence she comes, but is very 
 happy dancing with her. After first round she slips away home, dons her old 
 clothes, and returns to kitchen. Count, in high spirits, tells mother what he 
 has seen. " How lovely she was !" *'Not more so than I," says Aschen- 
 brodel ; but he seizes shovel, and strikes her with it for interfering. — (4) Next 
 night he goes again to ball, meaning not to let beauty escape this time. 
 Heroine attends as before in dress like stars. Count asks whence she comes, 
 and she says, ** From Shovelstroke", and escapes from him after first round. 
 Vexed and love-sick, count returns home, and relates all to his mother. 
 Heroine puts in words as before, and he hits her with the tongs. Heroine 
 withdraws to corner, but hears mother tell him to take diamond ring to-mor- 
 row, and put it on lady's finger when she first arrives. — (5) Heroine goes 
 third time to ball, in dress like the slin, the glitter of which people cannot at 
 first face. Count puts ring on her finger, and she says she comes from 
 ** Tongs-blow", and escapes from him as before. Sick and sad, he tells all to 
 his mother, then takes to his bed, and cannot sleep or eat. — (6) Next morning 
 heroine asks to be allowed to cook his food. Mother angrily refuses her. 
 Following day she begs permission at least to take plate of food to him, and 
 on the way drops in ring. Count finds ring, and asks mother who can have 
 put it there. Heroine is called, but says they must wait a little. She hurries 
 to her room, washes, and puts on sun-dress, then appears before mother and 
 son. — (7) He recognises her, and begs forgiveness for having struck her. 
 They are married. 
 
SCHOTT. 369 
 
 ScBOTT (Arthur VND Albert) Wa/ac/iisc/ie Mdrc/ien. Stuttgart 195 
 und Tiibingen, 1845. Tale No. Ill, pp. 96-100. 
 
 "Die Kaisertochter im Schweinstall." 
 
 (i) An emperor, whose wife is dead, determines to marry his own daughter. 
 Heroine takes counsel of nurse, and asks father first to provide her with dress 
 of silver. This is made and given her, and she next demands dress of gold, 
 ten times more costly than the other ; and thirdly, a diamond dress ten 
 thousand times more wonderful still. This she asks, knowing that her father's 
 kingdom cannot provide it. But in time this too is supplied, and, greatly 
 alarmed, heroine asks for one day more for meditation. She now asks for 
 a dress made of hideous louse-skins and bordered with skins of fleas. Father 
 is angry, but gives order for dress, which takes two years in making. Fol- 
 lowing nurse's advice, heroine makes no further opposition, but enters bridal 
 chamber. — (2) Then asks for a moment's freedom, and when father fears she 
 intends to flee, gives him end of string, which she binds round her left hand, 
 and says he has only to pull it if she is too long away. Then she slips 
 away, and finds nurse ready with an old goat round whose horns she quickly 
 ties string.! Heroine dons all three dresses, and outside all the ugly dress. 
 Father grows impatient, and pulls at string ; goat pulls in return. At last he 
 goes out to find daughter, and goat butts at him. Goes back to chamber, and 
 calls loudly till people come, headed by nurse. Father gives vent to his rage, 
 and relates what has happened. Bids them remove goat. Then nurse screams, 
 and says does he not see what his unnatural conduct has brought to pass, 
 for God has transformed his daughter to this hideous horned beast. Thus 
 convinced of his wickedness, father dares say no more about daughter. — 
 (3) Meanwhile heroine escapes to forest, and lives on berries and nuts. 
 Emperor's son, to whom forest belongs, comes hunting with one servant. He 
 is astonished at sight of extraordinary being, and aims bow at it, but, finding 
 it does not move, approaches, and takes it to palace. On account of its 
 loathsome skin it is given into care of swineherd, who puts it in dirty stable, 
 above which is hen-roost, so that skin gets still more vile. It will only eat 
 berries and nuts, refusing other food. — (4) Soon after this there is grand 
 festival in the town, for the marriage of some wealthy lord. All fine lords 
 and ladies of the place are assembled, and in the evening heroine slips off" her 
 hideous disguise, and, clad in silver dress, goes to wedding. Prince dances 
 with her, admires her greatly, and gives her ring. Towards morning she 
 disappears, and returns to stall.— (5) Second evening she attends ball in golden 
 dress, dances with prince as before, and, in spite of his care, escapes from him 
 unperceived. — (6) Third evening she goes in diamond dress. Prince tries to 
 discover who she is and whence she comes, and keeps watch on her ; yet she 
 escapes as before. — (7) Prince falls ill and keeps his bed. A friend visits him, 
 and has breakfast prepared. Strange animal chances to enter kitchen, and 
 
 1 See note 59. 
 
 B B 
 
370 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 begs to warm itself at fire. Kitchen-maid lets it stay by the hearth. It asks 
 whom the milk on the fire is for, and, hearing it is for prince, secretly drops in 
 ring. Having warme.i herself, heroine returns to stall, and dons diamond 
 dress. Prince breakfasts with friend, and is beyond measure astonished to 
 find ring at bottom of milk-jug. He sends for kitchen-maid, who swears she 
 knows not how ring got into milk. Prince inquires who besides herself was 
 in kitchen, and she at last confesses strange beast was there warming herself. 
 Immediately prince goes with his friend to stable, where he sees beautiful 
 princess in diamond dress. — (8) He recognises her ; she tells her adventures, 
 and they are married. 
 
 298 Ibid. Story No. IV, pp. 100-105. 
 
 " Die Kaisertochter Gansehirtin" (The Princess Goose- 
 girl)- 
 
 (l) An emperor's beautiful daughter has jealous stepmother, who, wishing 
 to be rid of her, urges father to get her married. Heroine does not wish this, 
 and father is unwillingly to part with her. — (2) During his absence stepmother 
 locks her up, giving her nothing to eat or drink for three days. On the fourth 
 day she sends her a small piece of bread and a jug of water, in which she has 
 thrown a young snake. Heroine, dying of thirst, swallows snake unwittingly.^ 
 Henceforward she gets food and drink enough, though still a prisoner. Snake 
 grows rapidly. Father returns, and stepmother calumniates heroine, who 
 in vain protests her innocence and tells of her imprisonment. — (3) Father 
 loves heroine too dearly to order her death, but tells her to go forth and never 
 see him more. He has twelve handsome dresses made for her, all of which 
 she must put on, and outside all a mantle of wood. This she does, weeping, 
 whilst wicked stepmother secretly rejoices. — (4) Hunger drives heroine out of 
 forest into town, where she applies for service at palace of another emperor. 
 Servants laugh at her appearance, and say emperor does not employ wooden 
 people. Prince passes by, and, marvelling at wooden dress, questions weeping 
 heroine. She begs to be employed in some menial service, and he makes her 
 gooseherd, and gives her room to herself, that other servants shall not ill-treat 
 her. — (5) Next day heroine drives geese into meadow, and at noon, when 
 geese go into water, she takes off her clothes to bathe. Some reapers, whom 
 she has not noticed at work near, watch her in great astonishment as she puts 
 off her twelve gorgeous dresses, and at night they tell prince about wooden 
 maiden. — (6) Next day prince hides in a bush, and heroine bathes in same 
 spot as before. He is entranced with her beauty. This time, in resuming 
 clothing, she leaves off six of the dresses, meaning to carry them home, as 
 the heat is so great. She is very thirsty, but does not like to drink of water 
 
 -^ See note 60. 
 
SCHOTT. — SCHRECK. 37! 
 
 in which she has bathed. Perhaps to forget her thirst, she lies down under 
 shadow of a tree, and falls asleep. Then prince sees from between her half- 
 closed lips a hideous snake of great length crawl slowly forth. He is horrified, 
 draws nearer, and throws gold ring at snake, hitting its head, and making it 
 glide away and disappear. Heroine is aroused, and sits up, but does not see 
 prince, who quickly hides. She thanks God for making her feel so well. 
 Then she sees ring in grass before her, takes it, and drives geese home. — (7) 
 Prince has hurried home shorter way, and meets her as she goes to her room 
 after tending geese, and asks about ring on her finger. She answers, shyly, 
 that it is a find. Prince says ring is his, for he lost it. She restores it 
 to him, but he will not take it, and replaces it on her finger, saying, 
 "Keep it, sweet child, for I will marry you!" Heroine blushes, thinking 
 prince is mocking her, for how can a prince take a poor wooden girl to 
 wife? He insists that he loves her just as she is, and entreats her to marry 
 him ; then hurries to emperor, who is enraged to hear he intends marrying 
 gooseherd, and withholds consent. — (8) Prince marries her secretly. Father 
 is angry at hearing it, but assigns four rooms in palace for prince and 
 heroine to occupy, though she remains gooseherd as before. — (9) One 
 Sunday, after she has driven the herd home, heroine dons one of her 
 fine dresses, and goes to church, where all are struck with her beauty. 
 Then prince asks father who is the lovely stranger, and when he does not 
 know, says, ** O father, why have you not such a lovely wife ?" Service over, 
 heroine returns unperceived in the throng, and resumes wooden mantle. — (10) 
 Next Sunday all happens as before ; prince puts same question to father, who 
 determines on the following Sunday to have people stationed at every door, to 
 find out who lovely stranger is, whence she comes, and whither goes. — (11) 
 Thus when heioine tries to escape unperceived she keeps coming upon a 
 watch, and in this way is left behind in the church alone. Prince says 
 to father, "Send the watch away, for the lovely damsel is none other than the 
 goose-girl, my wooden bride." Father is delighted, and embraces her. — (12) 
 He plans a ceremonious wedding festival, and invites his neighbour, the 
 emperor, to his daughter's wedding. Heroine's father is overjoyed to meet 
 her again, and learning her horrible treatment at hand of stepmother, sends 
 orders for the latter to be instantly beheadc^. 
 
 Emmy Schreck, Finnische Mdrchen, iibersetzt von. Weimar, 
 1877. P. 67,. Story No. IX. 
 
 " Die wunderbare Birke." 
 (See No. 95.) 
 
 B B 2 
 
372 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 99 Paul Sebillot, Conies populaires de la Haute-Bretagne. Paris, 
 1880. No. Ill, pp. 15-22. (Related at Saint-Cast in 1879 t>y 
 Jean-Marie Herve, aged thirteen, of Pluduno, C6tes-du-Nord.) 
 
 "Le Taureau Bleu." 
 
 (i) Stepmother ill-treats heroine, dressing her meanly, and nearly starving 
 her. She is sent every day into the fields to mind cattle. Amongst the cows 
 there is one blue bull. — (2) One day, when heroine is weeping at her hard 
 lot, blue bull comes and asks cause of trouble ; bids her put her hand in its ear. 
 She does so, and finds piece of bread-and-butter, which she eats, and does the 
 same every day when she is hungry. — {3) Stepmother suspects that she is fed 
 secretly, and hides behind clump of trees to spy. She then determines to slay 
 blue bull, who, being aware of this project, tells heroine she may escape with 
 him that night if she likes. Heroine makes bundle of her best clothes, and 
 they set out. — (4) They go a long way, and come to forest whose trees have 
 copper leaves. Bull cautions heroine not to touch a leaf, for if one should 
 fall it would awaken the bears, which would devour them. She is careful to 
 obey. — (5) Next they come to forest of silver-leafed trees ; bull cautions 
 heroine not to touch leaves, for fear of awakening scorpions, who would sting 
 them. In spite of her care she knocks off a leaf in passing the last tree, and 
 at the noise of its fall swarms of scorpions attack them, and, in protecting 
 heroine, bull is stung dangerously. He bids her rub his woUnds with ointment 
 from his ear. This cures him at once, and they proceed. — (6) They come to 
 forest of gold- leafed trees. Bull says if a leaf should fall lions will attack and 
 devour them. Forest is passed without harm till heroine knocks end of 
 branch on the last tree, and a leaf falls. Lions attack them, and, in protecting 
 her, bull is seriously hurt. He says he must now leave her alone, for he is 
 mortally wounded. Heroine in despair would apply ointment again, but bull 
 says it is useless. She must try and find a spade, and dig a grave and bury 
 him. Then she must go on till she reaches a house, and take service there as 
 turkey-girl. Whenever she wants anything she can come to grave and 
 get it. — (7) Heroine does all as bidden, and becomes turkey-girl to young 
 prince. On Sunday she is sent to early Mass, that she may stay to mind house 
 during High Mass. — (8) When left alone she runs to bull's grave, and says she 
 wants someone to mind house whilst she attends High Mass dressed like a grand 
 lady. Bull sends little rabbit to mind kitchen, and gives splendid dress to 
 heroine, who goes to church and sits in sight of prince. He is attracted by 
 her, and determines to speak to her after service ; but she has then vanished. 
 Her employers had given her a dress the colour of wood, instead of her rags, 
 and for this reason she is called "Jacquette de Bois" (Wooden-Coat). — 
 (9) Next Sunday she goes again to early Mass. Presently she sets little rabbit 
 to mind kitchen, gets silver dress from tomb, and goes to church. Again 
 prince intends to speak to her, but she disappears after service. He returns 
 very sad, and confides his grief to Jacquette, who, the moment she leaves 
 
SKBILLOT. 373 
 
 church, has power to assume ordinary clothes. She advises prince to go next 
 Sunday to Mass, and not to take his eye off the lady, but to follow her and 
 speak to her. — (lo) Third time heroine appears in church in gold dress. 
 Prince follows her so closely that he treads on heel of her shoe, and drags it 
 from her foot. Whilst he picks it up she vanishes. Then he goes to 
 Jacquette, finds her clad as usual, and busy in the kitchen. He shows her the 
 shoe. — (ii) He falls ill, and Jacquette advises him to seek owner of shoe. 
 He invites girls of high and low degree to a feast, and tries the shoe on all, 
 saying he will wed whomsoever it fits. None can wear it. All the daughters 
 of the peasants are invited to attend second feast. Amongst them is a cunning 
 girl, who determines to double up her foot so as to get shoe on somehow. 
 Her foot is tightly bound, and the shoe is put on, but prince sees it is not the 
 beauty he loves. — (12) Still he keeps his promise, and is about to mount 
 carriage with her, when little bird sings : 
 
 " The princess's foot hurts her ; 
 The princess's foot hurts her." 
 
 Prince asks what bird says. " Nothing," says the bride ; but bird repeats, 
 and looking at girl's feet, prince sees how cramped they are, and finds shoe is 
 full of blood, and he will not marry her. — (13) He is now more sad and ill 
 than ever, and one day, when Jacquette is chatting with him to divert him, he 
 notices what small feet she has for a turkey-girl. He insists on her trying 
 shoe. She refuses at first, but it fits her perfectly, and he declares that he will 
 wed her. — (14) Heroine runs to tomb, tells news to bull, and asks for gold 
 dress. Prince recognises her at- once, and is quite cured. 
 
 [TVb^^.— "La Petite Brebiette Blanche" (No. 58, p. 331, of this collection) 
 opens with incidents common in Cinderella stories : — Ill-treated heroine — 
 Tasks — Helpful animal — Spy on heroine — Slaying of helpful animal — Virgin 
 bids her collect lamb's four feet. A castle springs up from them, which heroine 
 inhabits.] 
 
 Ibid. Story No. XXVII, pp. 174-79. (Told by Rose Renaud of 251 
 Saint-Cast in 1879. She heard it from her mother, who died 
 in 1829.) 
 
 " CfeSARINE." 
 
 (i) King of Castille has daughter named Cesarine. Queen does not love 
 her, because she nearly died at her birth ; but father loves daughter, and often 
 reproves mother for ill-treating her. — (2) Daughter determines to leave home 
 rather than cause disputes between parents. She takes with her a casket of 
 jewels and three dresses — like the sun, the moon, and the air — given by father. 
 — (3) She goes far away, and, being clad like a peasant, is engaged as goose- and 
 turkey-herd at castle, and every day drives flock into the fields. She builds a 
 little shed of branches as shelter from the sun, and keeps her dresses and jewels 
 in it.— (4) Being out of sight in this retired spot, she takes off her rough clothes 
 and dons her fine dresses. Seeing her thus clad, the geese and turkeys cry : 
 
374 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 *' Cloak, cloak, cloak, cloak, 
 (Cdsaquey saque, saqtie, saque). 
 Haven't we got a pretty herd ! " 
 
 (5) One day, prince, who lives with mother at castle, says geese and turkeys 
 have taken to talking since they had new herd. They say he has been 
 dreaming. But next day he goes to place where they are pastured, and hides. 
 He sees a lovely lady step from the shed, and the flock sing as before. He 
 determines to follow her closely on the morrow and see whether it really is 
 the turkey-girl who dresses so finely. — (6) He does so, and she appears in 
 dress like the air. Then he slips into shed and sees turkey-herd's clothes on 
 the ground. He goes forward to meet her, and asks if she is Cesarine. She 
 confesses it reluctantly, and the geese and turkeys speak as before. He asks 
 who gave her the lovely dresses, and she is silent and blushes. Presently she 
 says her father gave them ; and finally confesses who her father is, and why 
 she left home, and that she has also some lovely jewels. But she will not 
 show these to-day : he is to come on the morrow. — (7) Then she gives him 
 key to open casket, and he is amazed at sight of the jewels. Amongst them is 
 a gold necklet on which is engraved name of her father and of her lover, 
 who is an intimate friend of the prince. He determines to go to Castille, 
 and sets out in two days for the town where dwells Cesarine's father. He 
 finds his friend, who is ambassador, and tells him about heroine. Ambas- 
 sador says he loves Cesarine, but cannot wed her. Then prince confides to 
 him that he loves her himself, and he seeks king's consent to marry her. — 
 (8) This obtained, he returns to his own castle, bearing jewels and money for 
 heroine, whom he finds ill in bed in her shed. For two days no one has 
 brought her food. He comforts her, and carries her to the castle to be taken 
 care of. Then he tells his mother that he intends to marry the turkey-herd, 
 who is really daughter of the King of Castille. Mother thinks she is deceiving 
 him, till the coffers of gold and jewels arrive. — (9) Cesarine gets well and 
 marries the prince. 
 
 223 Paul Sebillot, Litterature orale de la Haute-Bretagne. Paris, 
 1881. Pp. 45-52. (Told in 1878 by Aime Pierre of Liffre, 
 a farm-boy, aged 19.) 
 
 " La Pouilleuse." 
 
 (i) King asks his two daughters how much they love him, meaning to give 
 kingdom to the one who loves him best. First daughter says she loves him 
 like the apple of her eye; younger says, **You are lovable to me as the 
 flavour of salt in food." He banishes her from the court. — (2) Heroine makes 
 bundle of her clot];ies, takes herrings, and sets out. In order to escape notice, 
 on account of her beauty, she exchanges her dress for the rags of an old beggar- 
 woman whom she meets, soils her face, covers her hands with mud, and 
 lets her hair hang down all tangled. She tries to get engaged as goose-girl 
 
SfeBILLOT. 375 
 
 or shepherdess, but farmers, seeing how dirty she is, will not take her ; they 
 give her bread. — (3) After walking several days she reaches large farm where 
 they are wanting shepherdess, and she is engaged. When near the fire heroine 
 throws in pinches of salt to make believe they are lice. Mistress reproves her 
 for dirty trick ; though she discontinues it, she is always called "Pouilleuse". — 
 (4) One day, whilst minding sheep far from farm, she washes in brook, and 
 dresses up in clothes out of bundle which she always carries about with her. 
 King's son, who has lost his way out hunting, sees her from afar. Aware of 
 his approach, she flies. Prince runs after her, catches his foot in tree-root, and 
 falls. Meanwhile she has disappeared, doffed finery, and soiled her hands 
 anew. Prince enters farm-house for draught of cider, and inquires who is the 
 lovely lady who minds the sheep. Everyone laughs, says she is the dirtiest 
 creature living, and always called Pouilleuse. — (5) He suspects some enchant- 
 ment ; goes home, and cannot help thinking of lovely girl, till he becomes 
 quite ill. He dares not tell parents what is amiss, fearing to be teased, and 
 only says he wants to eat some white bread made by the girl Pouilleuse, 
 servant at such a farm. — (6) King sends the order to farm, and heroine asks 
 for flour, water, and salt, and to be left alone in little room near oven, where 
 there is a kneading-trough. She cleans herself, and even puts on her rings, 
 one of which falls into flour whilst she is mixing the paste. When she has 
 finished, she soils face again, and leaves some of the paste sticking to her 
 fingers. The loaf is taken to prince, and, on cutting it open, he finds ring, and 
 tells parents he will wed anyone who can wear it. — (7) Ladies come in crowds 
 to try, and in time every girl in the kingdom, peasants and all ; but it is too 
 small for everybody. Then king's son remembers that Pouilleuse has not tried. 
 She is fetched, and appears in her usual rags, but with cleaner hands than 
 usual. Ring goes on easily. Prince will keep his promise, but parents object 
 to his marrying shepherdess. She says she is a princess, and asks for water, 
 and to be left alone for a space. She reappears as a princess, is recognised by 
 prince, and promises to marry him if he will send to invite her father to 
 wedding. — (8) Father, rejoiced to hear heroine is still living, arrives with 
 other daughter. By bride's order father is only served with bread without 
 salt and meat not seasoned. He makes a grimace, and heroine asks if food is 
 not to his taste. He replies that the dishes are choice enough, but unbearably 
 insipid. " Didn't I tell you, father, that salt is the most lovable thing going ? 
 etc., etc." King embraces her and acknowledges his injustice. 
 
 [A'c;/^.— In an unpublished story called " Cendrouse", which M. Sebillot 
 collected at Erce, there are two sisters jealous of their stepfather's child. 
 They do her all the harm they can, send her to mind cows, and give her next 
 to nothing to eat. She is befriended by a fairy, who finishes by giving her a 
 carriage, obtained as in Perrault's ** Cendrillon". When out driving, she 
 meets fairy clad as a beggar. She stops her carriage for the beggar to get in, 
 and the fairy, delighted with the kind act, marries her to a fine gentleman.] 
 
37 6 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 196 Ibid., pp. 73-78. (Told in 1879 by Pierre Menard, of Saint-Cast, 
 
 cabin-boy, aged 13.) 
 
 "Peau d'Anette." 
 
 (l) Man's wife dies, and he wants to marry his daughter. She refuses. — 
 (2) He will give her a dress like the stars ; no. Like the sun ; no. Like the 
 light ; no. Then he offers to buy her an ornamented chest, and she consents 
 to marry him, intending to escape. She puts her best dresses into chest, which 
 follows her everywhere, by land or sea, and sets out. — (3) She finds a flayed 
 donkey, and puts the skin over her clothes ; reaches farm, and is engaged as 
 goose-girl. Near where she takes geese there is hut to shelter goose-herd 
 when it rains. Here she keeps her box of dresses. — (4) One day she dresses 
 herself up, and when son of the house comes to call her to dinner, he sees 
 Peau d'Anette — for so she is called — dressed in her finery. He falls in love 
 with her, and tells mother he means to marry her. Mother says he shall not 
 wed a girl who comes goodness knows whence, who can neither spin, nor 
 knit, nor clean rooms, nor cook. Son says he will, and perhaps girl is more 
 capable than she thinks. — {5) Heroine is sent for to be put to the proof, and is 
 told that if she can spin the tow in her room she shall marry son of the house. 
 When alone, heroine weeps, for she knows not how to work. A great big 
 woman, with immense eyes, comes down chimney, and offers to spin for her, 
 and asks what heroine can give her for doing it. Heroine offers bowlful of 
 soup brought for her own dinner, having naught else to give. Old woman 
 does not want that ; it will be enough if heroine will promise to invite her to 
 her wedding.^ Heroine promises ; tow is soon yarn, and all is spun by the 
 time son of the house comes to fetch heroine to supper. — (6) Next day they 
 give her wool and needles to knit stockings. A big, long-eared woman comes 
 down chimney, and will do the knitting if heroine will promise to invite her 
 to her wedding. — (7) Third day they put heroine in a room to cook. Old 
 woman, with huge teeth, comes down chimney, and performs task for 
 same promise.— (8) Next day she has to sweep the rooms. Man with 
 broom hanging on behind him comes down chimney and sweeps rooms for 
 her, when she has promised to invite him to her wedding. Mother is satisfied 
 with heroine, and willing for son to marry her. — (9) On wedding-day heroine 
 dons fine clothes, and calls, "Madam Big-Eyes," "Madam Big-Ears," 
 "Madam Big-Teeth," and they appear. At the moment of sitting down to 
 table heroine remembers she has not called the good man. Just then he 
 appears, saying, " It is high time you called me, or you would never have 
 been married." 
 
 1 See note 61. 
 
SKATTEGRAVEREN. 377 
 
 Skattegraveren, ix, p. 185. No. 566. (From Jutland; narrated 299 
 by Mr. T. Kristensen, a country teacher.) 
 
 " Prinsessen I Hulen" (The Princess in the Cave). 
 
 (I) A king named Fintking has a daughter named Usmatone. A neigh- 
 bouring prince woos her, but goes to war with her father, because he refuses 
 his consent to the marriage. Heroine's father has an underground house made, 
 and secretly shuts her up in it with a maid and victuals for seven years. — 
 (2) Fintking is killed in the war and his castle burned down ; but heroine's 
 web is rescued from the flames, and prince proclaims that he will wed any 
 woman who can finish it.— (3) Heroine is meanwhile starving in the cave ; she 
 catches mice to eat, and at last scrapes a hole in the earth with her hands, and 
 gets out. Her dress is faded and in rags.— (4) She sets out begging, and 
 comes to new king's castle, where she finds a sorceress vainly trying to finish 
 her old web. Heroine offers to help, and finishes the web, which sorceress 
 then takes to the prince. Preparations for the marriage are made. — (5) On 
 the wedding-day the sorceress must needs stay at home, "for sorceresses 
 cannot enter a church," and heroine takes her place, under orders to hold her 
 peace. They pass a mouse-skin which heroine had hung in a tree, and she 
 says : 
 
 ** Poor mousey grey, 
 
 You did I flay, 
 
 My want to stay, 
 
 Alack, the day !" 
 
 Passing her father's ruined castle, she says : 
 
 ** All now seems desolate and dead, 
 Where father, Fintking, ate white bread." 
 
 Passing a dog, which stops the horses, she says : "Be quiet. My father 
 Fintking gave you bread on purpose that you should let his daughter go to 
 church to-day to be married" [rhyme forgotten]. The church-door cannot be 
 opened; heroine says : "Open, door! Fintking, my father, had you hung, 
 all because his daughter is going to church to be married this day" [rhyme 
 forgotten]. Prince asks what this means, but gets no answer. Door flies 
 open, and after they are married prince gives heroine a glove, bidding her 
 give it to none but himself. — (6) Afterwards the sorceress and heroine exchange 
 dresses. Prince goes to bed ; forbids bride to undress till she has told him 
 the words she said to mouse-skin, to castle, etc. Each time she goes and 
 thumps heroine till she teaches her the words. — {7) Then prince demands 
 the glove. Heroine will not give it up, but consents at length to enter the 
 dark bed-chamber and stretch out her hand. Prince holds her fast. — (8) 
 Sorceress is put into a barrel stuck with nails, and dragged by seven wild 
 horses over hills and dales. 
 
37^ CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 100 Skatiegraveren, xi, p. 213. No. 580. (Jutland. Written down 
 by a poor hunchbacked seamstress, Karen Marie Rasmussen, 
 . personally known to Rev. H. F. Feilberg.) 
 
 ''Den LILLE Sko" (The little Shoe). 
 
 (i) Heroine is ill-treated by stepmother, who has two daughters of her own. 
 She is not allowed to go to church, and, when stepsisters have started, goes 
 weeping to the pond.— (2) A large eel puts up its head and asks why she 
 cries, then comforts her, and promises to take care of the house during her 
 absence, and gives her a splendid dress. She must be sure and leave church 
 before anyone else, and never look behind her. So it all happens three Sun- 
 days. — (3) A gentleman follows her, and on the third Sunday treads on her 
 shoe, which she loses, and she runs crying home. Eel comforts her, and says 
 she is to be a fine lady ; but to make her happiness complete she must every year 
 have four bushels of salt thrown into the eel-pond. — (4) The gentleman comes 
 in his carriage to seek the owner of the shoe. Stepsisters cut heel and toe ; 
 but a parrot in a cage shrieks out, " Cut heel and toe ! the girl who has lost 
 the shoe is in the kitchen." Heroine is found, and the shoe fits her. — 
 (5) Gentleman goes away, promising to return in a year for his bride, who in 
 the meantime must not work, but sit decking herself for his coming. He 
 comes and marries her, and takes her to his beautiful castle, where she is too 
 well off to give a thought to the eel. — (6) Stepmother is with heroine when 
 child is born, and after cutting off its little finger, throws the child into the 
 pond. She does this also with heroine's second and third children. — 
 (7) Heroine walks to the pond and cries most pitifully, till the eel at last 
 comes. He is angry, but is reconciled on getting twelve bushels of salt at 
 once. Presently eel returns with heroine's three children, each with little 
 finger missing. Stepmother is put into a cask with spikes and driven to death. 
 
 101 La Societe de Litterature Finnoise. Helsingsfors. MS. Collec- 
 tions. By Kaarle Krohn. No. 6014. (From Suojarvi in 
 Carelia. Narrated in 1884 by a middle-aged woman. )i 
 
 (i) An old man and an old woman have a daughter. Man goes into the 
 forest ; woman goes to the shore with daughter to wash clothes. The 
 Syoja'ar (the Ogress) calls from a tongue of land, ** Hi, woman ! fetch me 
 over." *' There is no boat on the shore." She runs to a second tongue of 
 land, and calls out in same words ; receives the same answer. Similarly she 
 calls from a third tongue of land. Woman replies that there is no boat at 
 hand. " Hand over a towel." Woman says there is not one. *' Hand over 
 a girdle." There is not one. "Then throw me over a shirt with long 
 
 ^ The conversations, as a special feature of the Finnish stories, have been 
 here and there retained, 
 
SOC. DE LITT. FINN. — MS. COLLECTIONS. 379 
 
 sleeves." She does so. The Syojatar and her daughter come across on the 
 shirt (they are a light folk). *' Either spit in my hand, you whore, and 
 become a reindeer, or pass between my legs and become a sheep." Woman 
 does the latter, and turns into a sheep. — (2) The Syojafar goes into the 
 house. The man returns in the evening, and she poses as his wife. * ' I say, 
 husband, I have got a sheep." "Really? that is nice." "Where shall I 
 keep it?" "On the oven." She puts it there. The man goes into the 
 forest. The Syojatar remains at home. — (3) Heroine weeps on the neck of 
 the sheep. " What will become of me, little mother, now you are a sheep ?" 
 "What God will." The man returns in the evening. "Do you hear, 
 husband ? You must slay the sheep ; it bleats so much, my ears cannot stand 
 it." He says, "Take it into the stable." She does so. Again heroine goes 
 and weeps on sheep's neck. The Syojatar is aware of this, and says to the 
 man that he really must kill the sheep ; it bleats so much that her ears cannot 
 stand it. " Oh, let it alone !" he says, and again goes to the forest. Heroine 
 weeps on sheep s neck, and that evening the man is again urged to slay it. 
 " If you won't kill it I shall kill it myself." Man says he will. — (4) Heroine 
 says to sheep, " What will become of me, little mother, when you are slain? 
 The Syojatar has ordered for you to be killed, and father is sharpening his 
 knife." " Don't weep, little daughter ; when your father comes to slay me, 
 ask to be allowed to hold the light ; take with you a clean rag, and when my 
 head is cut off catch the first three drops of blood^ in the rag, and lay it on the 
 cross-beam of the door." Heroine does as bidden. The Syojatar objects to 
 her being allowed to hold the 'light, but father takes her with him. Three 
 beautiful birch-trees grow from the three drops of blood. — (5) Next morning 
 the Syojatar wakes the man, and says, "Listen, husband; the magpie is 
 laughing. The Czar's son invites to a banquet. Are you going, or shall I ?" 
 " As far as I am concerned you may go ; I'm going into the forest." When 
 he has started she gets her daughter ready for the banquet, and says to 
 heroine whilst she smashes the oven and mixes three sorts of grain in the 
 ashes, "Just you see, you whore, that these grains are separated from the 
 ashes, and that an oven much better than the last is in place by the time I get 
 back." Then she goes with daughter to the festival. Heroine clasps the 
 birch- tree, weeping ; she melts into water with weeping. "What shall I do 
 now, little mother?" and she tells of her task. "Don't cry, little daughter. 
 Take a three-year-old twig, and strike three times crosswise, and say, • The 
 grain apart, the ashes apart, and a better oven than before.' " — (6) She does 
 so, and then weeps again at the birch -tree. The birch- tree asks why. " What 
 shall I do now, little mother ?" " Don't cry. Wash yourself on my left side, 
 and dress yourself on my right side ; then go to the green meadow, into the 
 open field, and whistle. A horse will come, partly gold and partly silver, 
 and the third colour is unrecognisable and inconceivable." Heroine does as 
 bidden, and rides on the horse, who asks, " Whither shall I go?" " To the 
 banquet of the Czar's son." The Czar's son comes to meet her with a bucket 
 
 1 See note 6?. 
 
380 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 of bread for the horse, and, giving his arm, conducts her to the upper end of 
 the table. She looks indescribably lovely. — (7) After the soup the Czar's son 
 begins to carve the joints. Heroine says, ** Give me a bone, Ivan Tsarovits." 
 "You shall have meat." "The best meat is on the bone." He has not 
 time to give her a bone, so she helps herself to one. She has noticed how 
 the Syojafar has been squatting like a cat under the table, and her daughter in 
 a comer of the room. She flings the bone towards the door, and hits the 
 daughter, breaking her foot. After the feast heroine prepares to leave. — 
 
 (8) Czar's son smears the cross-beam at the upper part of the door with tar, 
 and her hat remains sticking fast to it. She does not concern about it, having 
 a second hat at home. Czar's son follows her out, and brings her horse for 
 her. She rides off to the green meadow, to the open field, leaves the horse 
 standing there, goes home, dresses, and lays herself to sleep in the ashes. — 
 
 (9) The others return. '* Ah, Cinderella! you sleep here in the ashes," says 
 the Syojafar, " and don't go to the banquet. My daughter was playing up in 
 the loft of whalebone^ with the Czar's son, and received a foot-favour {Fuss- 
 
 Vergniigen). "Indeed ! I wish her joy of it. If you like having it, you 
 like to boast of it." "There was another beautiful girl there, but whoever 
 she was the Czar's son didn't give her a single look, but only played with my 
 daughter." *' Perhaps that was I." " You ! hold your tongue, and don't talk 
 nonsense !" In the evening, when man returns, the Syojatar tells him how 
 her daughter was playing on the whalebone loft with Czar's son, etc. He 
 makes the f same comment as did heroine. — (10) Next morning the Syojatar 
 runs out into the yard to inspect, then wakes the man. This time she mixes 
 six sorts of grain in the ashes, after smashing the oven. The birch- tree tells 
 heroine to get a six-year-old twig, and six times to strike crosswise with it. — 
 — (11) The Czar's son meets her with a bucket of oats for the horse. — (12) He 
 smears the door-handle with tar, and heroine's glove is left sticking to it. — 
 (13) The Syojatar boasts about her daughter, whose hand is broken, having 
 received a hand- favour. — (14) Third day she mixes nine sorts of grain in the 
 ashes. Birch bids heroine strike nine times crosswise with nine-year-old twig. 
 — (15) Czar's son meets her with a bucket of wheat for the horse. — (16) He 
 tars the threshold, and heroine loses a shoe. — (17) Syojatar's daughter, 
 having lost an eye, boasts ot eye-favour. — (18) Czar's son announces that he 
 will wed whomsoever hat, glove, and shoe fit. All go to the assembling to 
 try, but Cinderella is sent off with a sheaf of oats to tend cattle. The trial 
 has lasted for two days, but no one can wear the things ; they are either too 
 large or too small. There is to be a third day's trial. The Syojatar hammers 
 and hammers her daughter's head, snips her fingers, slices her foot, till hat, 
 glove, and shoe go on. Czar's son begins to rue having called the assembly 
 , together, but must of course keep his word. — (19) He goes to the wedding by 
 boat, with two servants to row and one to steer, whilst he sits in the middle of 
 the boat with the bride. The Syojatar counsels her at starting to give no ear 
 
 ^ Mr. Kaarle Krohn furnishes the following explanation : Hange-boden von 
 Fischbein = ein Boden {Diele) welcher oben in der Stube hangt. 
 
SOC. DE LITT. FINN. — MS. COLLECTIONS. 38 1 
 
 to any shepherds' songs, on no account to stop for them, but to keep on row- 
 ing. They row on and on. Heroine sings on a tongue of land : 
 
 " Lo ! the noble youth, the Czar's son, 
 Has a snipped foot to lead home ; 
 In the boat a scraped finger, 
 And a head that has been hammered." 
 
 She sings the same from a second promontory. Czar's son asks, "What is 
 that shepherdess singing ? she is singing nothing good." After hearing her 
 from a third promontory he makes same remark. Then he takes off the 
 bride's glove ; it is full of blood ; likewise the shoe and the hat. — (20) He 
 throws her into a little brook, and tries the things on heroine, whom they fit 
 as though made for her. He sees, too, that she carries a sheaf of oats, the 
 badge of a shepherdess. So he marries her. — (21) Heroine bears a child. 
 Hearing of this, the Syojatar sets out to visit her. She comes to the spot 
 where her daughter is lying in brook. A beautiful reed is growing there. She 
 is about to pull it up, thinking, *' That will do for little Ivan Thalmoinen to 
 play with." The plant shrieks out, "Little mother, don't tear my heart- 
 strings." "Is that really you?" The Syojatar digs out a formless mass, 
 already rotting, and takes the cripple to the bath-room. Then she goes to 
 heroine's room as though she were her mother, and says, " They ought to 
 heat a bath for the invalid." Czar's son says, " In the house of the Czar's 
 son there are plenty to do the heating without you." " No doubt ; but let me 
 do it now that I am here." She heats the bath-room, and heroine takes her 
 bath. When the room is hot the Syojatar restores the shapeless cripple. 
 Heroine catches sight of her. — (22) The Syojatar then says to heroine, 
 * ' Either spit in my hand, you whore, and become a reindeer, or pass through 
 between my legs, and become a sheep." Heroine recalls how her mother 
 was changed to sheep, and prefers to become reindeer. She is transformed, 
 and runs off. The Syojatar softens crippled daughter, moulds her nose and 
 breast, and places her in heroine's stead in corner of the room. But the 
 starved baby cries, and cries unceasingly. — (23) The shepherd of the Czar's 
 son makes a fire in the forest. A herd of reindeer speeds by, followed by a 
 second and a third herd. Behind the third runs one solitary reindeer. The 
 others begin grazing ; the last reindeer comes up to the shepherd by the fire, 
 and asks, " Is my little Ivan Thalmoinen always crying ?" Shepherd says, 
 "The child cries at night." "Bring it here to-morrow ; I will suckle my 
 Ivan Thalmoinen." Shepherd fears they will not give the child to him. 
 " Say, give me the child that it may hear the leaves rustling and the shepherd 
 singing." — (24) Next day shepherd asks to take child. They would know 
 why. " That he may hear the leaves rustling and the shepherd singing ; 
 perhaps he will sleep the better to-night." He carries child to forest, kindles 
 a fire, and begins to blow his horn. Again the three herds of reindeer pass 
 by. The last reindeer sees the child, and begins to weep. It lays its coverings 
 aside on stone and tree-stump, and comes and suckles the child. But the 
 mother herself weeps — weeps bitterly— then says to shepherd, "Bring the 
 child to this same spot to-morrow ; to-morrow we shall again come hither ; 
 
382 CINDERELLA VARL^NTS. 
 
 after that the reindeer fare to other lands, and I must follow them. To- 
 morrow I shall again behold my little Ivan Thalmoinen. But you, betray me 
 not to Ivan Tsarovits." In the evening the shepherd carries the child home, 
 and it sleeps all night long without crying or making a sound. — (25) Next 
 morning Czar's son asks shepherd how the child slept after being taken to the 
 wood. The shepherd says, **If you will tell no one, I will tell you." He 
 promises. ** Your wife is going about as a reindeer ; you are harbouring the 
 Syojaiar's daughter. Naturally the child slept sound, because its mother had 
 suckled it." " How may I get my wife back ?" ** She lays her coverings on 
 a stone and tree-stump ; if you can get hold of these, you will get herself too." 
 Shepherd takes child to forest. — (26) Czar's son goes to an old widow and 
 relates what he has heard. She advises him to take two servants with him 
 to carry two heaps of live coal. " Throw the clothing on the burning heaps ; 
 without it she cannot run away." — (27) He follows her counsel, and joins the 
 shepherd, who has lit a fire and is blowing his horn. As before, the herds of 
 reindeer appear, and the last reindeer comes and suckles child. The young 
 mother melts into tears. *' Now we must away to foreign lands." Czar's son 
 casts the clothing on the burning heaps, and it is consumed. The young wife 
 weeps and weeps on the skirts of the wood ; he sobs also. She asks, *' What 
 is this smell of burning?" Shepherd answers, "The Czar's son must be 
 roasting swine to-day." "But what is that sound like sobbing?" "The 
 pigs cry out at being roasted." The reindeer begin to run off ; the young 
 mother prepares to follow them. She clasps her child and sobs, " I shall see 
 my Ivan Thalmoinen nevermore." She bids farewell to shepherd. " We shall 
 never see each other again." She goes to fetch her clothing, but cannot find 
 it. — (28) Czar's son springs forward and clasps her neck. " Now I have you 
 tight." "Ah, yes! but set me free." "Come home." "Nay, husband 
 dear, I cannot. My mother, as a sheep, was slain ; I was turned into a rein- 
 deer ; if I come home now I shall be killed." " Not so ... to others death 
 is more nigh. Only come home." She is persuaded. — (29) Czar's son has 
 bath-room heated, a pit dug therein, and filled with tar and fire. Red cloth is 
 spread the whole way thither, also on the bath-room floor. He conducts the 
 false wife and the mother-in-law to the bath-room, the latter in front, the false 
 wife behind on his arm. Mother-in-law says, " You have had red cloth put 
 down : we should have been quite content without." " There is enough for 
 your lifetime." Mother-in-law enters bath-room and falls into the flaming 
 pit. The false wife would draw back. The Czar's son pushes her in. 
 " Follow your mother !" and he fastens the door with a bolt, and lets the 
 whole bath-room burn. He takes his true wife back, and they live happily 
 together. 
 
 102 Ibid. MS. Collections. By Kaarle Krohn, No. 6371. (From 
 Himola, in Olonetz. Narrated in 1884 by a woman aged fifty.) 
 
 (i) An old man and his wife have a daughter. Old man goes off" to the 
 forest, and the old woman, intending flight, says to daugh^er, " Say, ' mother 
 
SOC. DE LITT. FINN. — MS. COLLECTIONS. 383 
 
 went north-east,'" and then she starts towards south. The S>ojatar (Ogress) 
 comes to the house and asks daughter, *' Which way did your mother go, you 
 whore?" '* Mother went north-east." She goes north-east, and seeks her all 
 day in vain. Next day mother gives daughter the same instructions. The 
 Syojatar goes north-eas^, and seeks all day in vain. The third day mother 
 gives same instructions. — (2) The Syojatar no longer believes daughter, but 
 goes in contrary direction, finds mother in the forest, transforms her into a 
 sheep, and brings her home. The old man returns from forest ; the Syojatar 
 takes place of his wife, and says, ** Husband dear, kill the sheep ; our 
 daughter cries over that sheep ; I hear her crying perpetually." Father 
 determines to slay sheep. — (3) Daughter puts her arm round sheep's neck. 
 Sheep says, *'I shall be slain ; but don't you eat any of my flesh, or any of 
 the broth, but collect all remains and lay them under the threshold of the 
 stable." She does so, and an enormous great ox grows up. — (4) She hangs on 
 the ox's neck and falls to crying again. The Syojatar urges the old man to 
 slay the ox also. The ox says to the girl, " I am to be slain ; collect all my 
 bones and all the blood, and place them under the window in a silk kerchief." 
 Girl does as bidden. She reaches maidenhood. A beautiful leafy birch-tree 
 grows up in the courtyard. — (5) The Czar gives a banquet. The Syojatar 
 has two daughters of her own, and they begin washing their faces ready for 
 these festivities long beforehand. When they set out they smash the oven. 
 The Syoja-ar says to heroine, " Mend the oven by the time we are back," and 
 sets out with her daughters in a wooden conveyance which looks like a (brick- 
 layer's) trough for holding clay. Cinderella takes a twig from the birch-tree, 
 and thrice strikes the oven crosswise with it. The oven is mended, and she 
 sets out to the banquet after the others. — (6) The Syojatar and her daughters 
 meet a sheep with shears on its back, asking to have its wool shorn. They 
 refuse. They meet a cow with milk-pail on its horns, and refuse to milk it. 
 An old man with a stick in his hand asks them to wash him. They decline to 
 touch him, as they are on their way to the festival. — (7) Cinderella meets the 
 same ; shears the sheep, milks the cow, and washes the old man. He gives 
 her his stick, saying, " When you come to a stone in the road hit it, with 
 these words : * Siiren sirkkie buurin purkkie stampera loshkie (unintelligible), 
 for me to sit upon, to travel under me.' " — (8) She does as directed, and gets a 
 horse and clothes. The horse is tricoloured — the first gold, the second silver, 
 the third is inestimable. Heroine rides to the Czar's banquet. The Czar's son 
 ties the horse to a ring, and throws him some groats. The feasting begins, 
 and all manner of amusements are set going. Heroine throws a bone at the 
 Syojatar during the meal, and it breaks her leg. Heroine rides home, doffs 
 her fine clothes, and sits by the oven as Cinderella. She asks the Syojatar on 
 her return what happened at the Czar's banquet. ** Everything delightful. I 
 received a foot-favour." "Indeed! Much good may it do you!" ** Ah, 
 you only play with fleas and count bugs." — (9) When the Syojatar takes her 
 daughters to the second banquet she mixes barley and oats together to detain 
 heroine over sorting them. But heroine takes a twig from the birch- tree, 
 and thrice strikes the threshold crosswise, saying, ** Barley in one rove (dish 
 made of birch-bark), oats in the other." And so it happens. — (10) She takes 
 
384 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 her stick and strikes the stone, saying same words as before, and gets a 
 splendid horse and still finer clothes. Czar's son receives her, and gives oats 
 — not groats — to her horse, the better to refresh it after its fatigue. During 
 the banquet heroine throws a bone at the Syojafar, and breaks her hand. 
 When they return home the latter says she had a hand-favour. — (11) The 
 third time the Syojatar mixes barley and ashes together, in the hope that 
 heroine will not be able to separate them before she is home again. Heroine 
 again takes a twig from birch-tree, and says, * ' The ashes in the hearth, the 
 barley in the birch-bark dish." — (12) When she arrives at the royal court the 
 Czar's son gives nothing to the horse, but leaves it standing there. During 
 the banquet heroine throws bone at the Syojatar, who loses her eye. The 
 Czar's son smears tar over the cross-beams of the doorway, over the door- 
 handle, and over the threshold. When heroine goes through the door her 
 hat remains sticking fast to the cross-beams, her ring to the handle, her shoe 
 to the threshold. Disregarding this, she hurries home and sits by the oven. 
 This time she has no time to doff her fine clothes. The Syojatar returns 
 with her daughters, and says she received an eye-favour. — (13) The Czar's son 
 sets out with the hat, the ring, and the shoe ; whomsoever they fit he will 
 make his wife. The Syojatar tries in vain to get them on her daughters. 
 She cuts their fingers with a knife, and also their feet, and pares their heads. 
 It is no use. The Czar's son wants the stepdaughter to be fetched from the 
 oven. The Syojatar declares it would be useless trouble ; she only plays with 
 fleas and counts bugs. Czar's son insists on trying her. 'He puts the ring, 
 the shoe, and the hat on her, and they all fit perfectly. — {14) He takes her to 
 wife. The daughters of the Syojatar accompany them. On the way the 
 Syojatar makes her own daughter change places with heroine, whom she 
 leaves in a thicket. — (15) A shepherd sees all, and begins to call out : 
 
 " Hewn the head that now is taken. 
 In the boat a chopped finger, 
 Home a chiselled foot is carried ." 
 
 Czar's son asks, "What does the shepherd say?" The false bride answers, 
 **0h, nothing ! He has nothing to say." At another tongue of land the 
 shepherd calls out a second time, and then runs to a third tongue of land to 
 call out again. Czar's son, disregarding this, takes his bride home ; but 
 when he arrives he notices that she is not his own wife. — (16) He has a bath- 
 room heated, and a pit of tar dug under the threshold. The false bride is cast 
 into the fiery pit, and the true bride is fetched from her hiding-place. 
 
 103 Ibid. MS. Collections. By J. V. Murman. No. VI. (From 
 Sodankyla in Ostrobothnia, 1854. By word of mouth.) 
 
 "The Beggar's Daughter who was housed free." 
 
 (i) Three sisters have washed their hands for three years to go to young 
 king, who seeks a wife. A beggar's daughter is also on her way to king's 
 
SOC. DE LITT. FINN. — MS. COLLECTIONS. 385 
 
 court. As the three sisters are walking along, a sheep meets thena and says : 
 ** Shear me, and you shall have wool as reward." ** We cannot; we have 
 been washing our hands for three years that we might become queens." 
 Sheep says same thing when it meets beggar's daughter, and she shears it. — 
 (2) Three sisters on ahead meet cow, which says: "Milk me; you shall 
 have milk as reward." They refuse with same excuse. Beggar-girl milks 
 cow. — (3) A little further, three sisters pass old man lying by the roadside, 
 who says : '* Girls, help me up ; you shall have my stick as reward." " We 
 have been washing our hands for three years to go to court ; we can't think 
 of pulling you out of such mud !" Beggar-girl comes along and helps him 
 out. He rewards her with stick, saying, " Go to rock near king's palace, 
 strike it with this stick, and you will find inside anything you want. " — (4) 
 Heroine arrives first at palace, and asks to be engaged as servant. She has 
 to mind the poultry. — (5) On Sunday young king goes to church; so do 
 three sisters, after having thrown peas amongst the ashes of the stove, and 
 told poultry-maid to pick them out. She has soon finished task, goes and 
 strikes rock, and has splendid sight. She dons some fine clothes and goes to 
 church. King sees a charming girl, but she leaves just before the rest, and 
 he cannot find her. Three sisters return, and talk about the charming girl, 
 who is pr-^bably a king's daughter — she is so beautiful; poultry- maid pretends 
 to be sorry not to have seen her. ** Poor creature ! What could you have done 
 there ?" — (6) Next Sunday king goes with three sisters to church ; poultry-maid 
 has to stay at home and sort peas from the ashes. She does as before, and 
 appears at church in dress ** almost like silver". King follows after her, but 
 delays to pick up the gold pieces which she scatters. She returns dress to 
 rock and reaches court before the others. Everyone is talking of this 
 wonderful beauty. **I am unlucky not to have seen her!" says heroine. 
 "You, poor creature! What could you do in church?" — {7) All happens 
 ' jt the same third Sunday. Heroine's dress shines like gold. The king follows 
 her from church ; she lets a shoe drop off, and escapes whilst he stops to 
 pick it up. She returns clothes to rock, and in her rags goes and lies down 
 on the hen-coop. Three sisters come and tease her as before. — (8) King 
 would find owner of shoe, and proclaims that the woman whom shoe fits 
 shall be queen. All the girls in the kingdom come to court, but none can 
 wear shoe. Then three sisters try in vain to squeeze their feet into it. King 
 remembers that poultry-maid has not tried, has her fetched, and the shoe fits 
 her perfectly. Then for the first time he notices how beautiful she is, and 
 orders preparations for wedding. — (9) A royal wedding-robe is to be made 
 for poultry-maid, but she says she can get a better one herself. On wedding- 
 day she goes to rock, takes same clothes she wore last time at church, 
 a carriage, horses, and servants, and goes to court. Everyone is charmed. 
 King recognises girl he saw in church, and asks why she did not show herself 
 before in her grandeur. Wedding lasts several weeks. 
 
 C C 
 
3^6 CINDERELLA VARtANtg. 
 
 104 Ibid. MS. Collections. By A. Reinholm. No. II, 39. (From 
 Antrea, in Carelia, 1848.) 
 
 "The two Young Ladies and Cinderella." 
 
 (i) Two young ladies go to church ; Cinderella, their sister, stays at home. 
 — (2) The two meet a cow, which says, *' If you milk me, you shall have 
 milk as reward." "What are you thinking of? For five weeks we have 
 been washing our hands with soap and new milk ; is it likely we should milk 
 you?" A little further on they see an oven. "If you take bread out of 
 oven, you shall have it as reward." Same rejoinder from girls. They meet 
 a sheep with shears round its neck. *' If you shear me, you shall have wool 
 as reward." Same answer. — (3) Cinderella sets out by the time sisters are in 
 church. She meets cow, milks it, and gets milk ; takes the bread from the 
 oven and keeps it; shears the sheep and gets wool. — (4) Then she gets 
 lovely clothes as well. She loses a shoe, which is found by a famous 
 general's son. — (5) He says the woman who can wear shoe shall be his 
 betrothed. It will not go on the two young ladies' feet, but it fits Cinder- 
 ella perfectly.' — (6) The general's son marries her. 
 
 105 ^^^^- MS. Collections. By B. A. Paldani in 1852. No. I, 46. 
 
 (From West Finland.) 
 
 "" "The Servants' Places." 
 
 (l) Three young girls are to enter king's service. Two of them, who have 
 washed their hands for three weeks, meet old man asking to have hair 
 combed, and say, " How can we ? We have washed our hands for three 
 weeks, so as to be king's servants." Third girl sets out and meets same old 
 man, who, having asked where she is going, bids her comb his hair. "I 
 shan't have time ; the others will leave me behind." All the same she does 
 it. — (2) First two servants meet sheep. "Shear me; you shall have the 
 wool as reward." They give same answer as before. Third servant meets 
 sheep, who asks where she is going, etc. She shears sheep. — (3) Two 
 servants meet cow and refuse to milk it. Cow says to third servant, "Milk 
 me, my girl; then throw the milk over my feet, and put the pail on my 
 horns." "Shan't have time; the others will leave me behind." Neverthe- 
 less she does it. — {4) They reach palace, and, when they have been there 
 a week, king asks, "Who'll go to church, and who'll stay at home?" 
 "Cinderella, the dirty scullion, will stay at home." King throws half a pea 
 and a grain of barley into the ashes of the stove. Whilst Cinderella is 
 hunting for them, an old man enters and asks why she is crying ; she replies, 
 "Because ftng told me to make the dinner out of half a pea and a grain of 
 barley; and I can't even find them, for he threw them into the ashes." — (5) 
 Old man says, "You go to church; there is a brown horse at the door, and 
 
SOC. DE LITT. FINN. — MS. COLLECTIONS. 3^7 
 
 you'll find clothes in the carriage. Be quick and dress, and get there; but 
 mind you get back a few minutes before the rest." On her return from 
 church, the tables are well served, both for masters and servants. — (6) After 
 a week, king asks same question: "Cinderella, the dirty scullion, who cooks 
 so well," is to stay at home. All happens as before. Old man sends her to 
 church in silver-co'.oured dress, and king's son admires her, wondering who 
 she is. — (7) Third Sunday same inquiry from king; same answer; same task. 
 Old man tells Cinderella there is a horse "grey as water" waiting for her 
 behind the big stone, where she will find clothes. She must leave church 
 before others; the king's son will run after her, and she must drop a shoe, which 
 he will stop to pick up. — (8) He will wed whomsoever shoe fits. The proud 
 servants cut off thiir big toes, but cannot get shoe on. But it fits the dirty 
 scullion's foot, and king notices, in trying it on, that she is wearing gorgeous 
 clothing under her old rags. — (9) He marries her. 
 
 Ibid. MS. Collections. By J. Mustakallio. No. XCIX. (From 106 
 Sotkamo, in Ostrobothnia. Narrated, in 1880, by Aate 
 Kaskinen, a youth of seventeen.) 
 
 " Cinderella." 
 
 (i) King engages two upper-servants and a third for dirty work. On 
 setting out, the two meet an oven, which says, *'Take the bread out with 
 shovel, and you shall have loaf as reward." They say they cannot, because 
 for three years they have washed their hands with German soap ; but 
 Cinderella will come along soon, and she will be sure to do it. Cinderella 
 passes, takes out the bread, and gets a loaf. — (2) Two servants meet a cow : 
 " Milk me ; take the pail which is between my horns ; you shall have milk 
 as reward." I'hey make same excuse. Cinderella milks cow, and gets milk. 
 — (3) Two servants meet sheep: "Take shears from between my horns, 
 shear me, and you shall have wool." Same answer. Cinderella shears 
 sheep, and gets wool. — (4) Two servants proceed, and see old man fallen 
 into the cleft of a rock : " Help me out ; you shall have my stick as reward, 
 and, if you strike rock with it, you will find all sorts of things." Same 
 answer. Cinderella helps old man, and gels his stick. — (5) Three servants 
 reach palace. On Sunday the two go to church, leaving Cinderella at home 
 all alone. To prevent her going, they upset a bushel of grain into the ashes 
 of the stove for her to pick up. Old man comes to perform task, and sends 
 Cmderella to strike rock with stick. She gets copper dress, and copper 
 carriage and horse, and passes by church. She returns before the two 
 servants, and resumes old clothes. They are astonished at what they saw 
 during church.— (6) Next Sunday all happens as before. Heroine takes 
 silver dress, and silver carriage and horse from rock, and passes by church. — 
 (7) Third Sunday the same. Heroine takes gold dress, and gcJid carriage 
 and horse, and pulls up in front of church. She leaves carriage outside, and 
 crosses church on foot. Her gold dress and ornaments resound and glisten. 
 
 C C 2 
 
388 CINDERELLA VARL4NTS. 
 
 King's sun has tarred the threshold, to make the unknown lady fall ; but 
 only her gold shoe sticks, and she gets into carriage without it and returns 
 home. — (8) King's son picks up shoe, and makes known that he will wed 
 whomsoever it fits. Everybody tries ; the two servants cut off their toes, but 
 shoe will not go on their feet, which are only swollen the more. Cinderella 
 puts it on, and marries king's son. 
 
 107 Ibid. MS. Collections. By E. N. Setala. No. R. 10. (From 
 Ruovesi, in West Finland.) 
 
 "FiNETTE, THE SWINEHERD." 
 
 (i) Three sisters are servants at palace, the youngest being swineherd. Her 
 clothes are made of tarpaulin {vetements goudronnes), and no one takes much 
 account of her, deeming her half-witted. — (2) King is fond of the two proud 
 servants, and every Sunday asks who is going to church. They say, " We 
 are ; Finette can stay at home." The swineherd goes to the stove and weeps; 
 an old man enters and asks why. She has to prepare the dinner for the whole 
 court out of two peas and two grains of barley and rye. Old man says, " You 
 go to church ; I'll prepare the dinner. Only be back before the others, as 
 though you had been at home cooking." — (3) Heroine departs, and meets old 
 man, who asks her to search his head. " I have not lime ; I am already 
 very late." "Do it all the same ;" and she does so. He makes her a present 
 of a stick, saying, " Strike the rock with this, and you will find clothes of 
 gold. Hide them for three Sundays in succession under your tarpaulin ; 
 don't show them to anyone ; leave church before the rest, and hide them in 
 the rock." Heroine does as bidden, and returns home to lay the table. — 
 (4) Second Sunday all happens as before. King's son notices that someone 
 goes to the court wearing gold clothes under her ordinary dress. — (5) And 
 third Sunday he has the threshold of the church tarred, so that heroine's shoe 
 sticks to it, for she always puts her foot on the step, so as not to show her 
 shoes. Heroine takes no notice of lost shoe, but king's son picks it up, and 
 says whoever can wear it shall be his beloved wife. — (6) Many come and try 
 it in vain. Heroine's sisters even cut their toes, but cannot get it on. 
 Heroine stands aside watching ; she is told to try. Shoe fits her perfectly. — 
 (7) She goes home before the others, takes off her tarpaulin, and lays the 
 table in her gold clothes. All rejoice except the sisters, who are now her 
 servants. 
 
 108 Ibid. MS. Collections. By Kaarle Krohn. No. 0. 364. From 
 Hyrynsalmi, in Ostrobothnia. Narrated in 1882 by Aato 
 Kemppainen, aged seventy. ("Conteur excellent." — K. K.) 
 
 "The Swineherd." 
 
 { I ) There are three sisters ; two of them have been for three years washing 
 their hands and their eyes to go to coui t, on the chance of king's son choosing 
 
SOC. DE LITT. FINN. — MS. COLLECTIONS. 389 
 
 one as his bride ; the third, who is swineherd, only washes in the ordinary 
 course. — (2) Clad in her working gown, she sets out behind sisters. On the 
 way an oven says to proud sisters, "Take the shovel and turn my loaves ; 
 you shall have a loaf for your trouble." ** Is it likely we should go and soil our 
 hands after washing them for three years ? There's a swineherd following us ; 
 she'll turn your loaves." Heroine comes by, turns the loaves, has one for 
 herself, and replaces shovel. Proud sisters are still in sight. — (3) They meet 
 a ram with shears on its horns. '* Shear me," etc. ; "you shall have wool," 
 Same answer. Heroine comes along, shears ram, has the wool, and replaces 
 shears. — (4) Proud sisters meet cow with pail on her horns. ** Milk me," 
 etc., "and you shall have milk." Same answer. Heroine milks cow and 
 has the milk ; replaces pail. Proud sisters are still in sight. — (5) They see 
 by the roadside an old man whose carriage is overturned. " Help me ; I 
 will give you my stick for your trouble." Same answer. Heroine helps old 
 man up, and he gives her his stick, saying, " At some little distance from the 
 palace, whither you are going, there is an enormous stone. If you strike it 
 three times with this stick a door will open, and inside you will find every- 
 thing you can possibly want all your life long." (No doubt the old man had 
 other treasures hidden elsewhere.) — (6) Proud sisters reach the court and 
 have a pleasant time. And the swineherd, despised by all, idles the long 
 hours away on the chimney-seat. — (7) All go to church, the proud sisters too, 
 whilst heroine slays behind. When they have started she goes to stone, 
 dresses herself magnificently, takes carriages and horses, the like of which are 
 not to be seen at court, and goes to church. King's son wonders in astonish- 
 ment who she can be. She leaves rather before the rest, and is soon at a dis- 
 tance. King's son follows to see where she goes, but she has filled carriage 
 with gold pieces, and throws out handfuls behind her. King's son stops to 
 pick them up, and meanwhile she gallops to stone, returns finery, dons old 
 gown, and goes back to chimney corner. Proud sisters return, and taunt her 
 with not having seen the wonders they have seen. — (8) Another day they go 
 to church, and all happens just as before, and a third day the same. — 
 (9) Heroine appears in church, looking still more beautiful, and king's son 
 tells his valet to run after her the moment she leaves. He gets into carriage 
 with valet, and does not stop for the gold this time, but follows with all 
 speed. Valet stops to pick it up. Heroine, who is only just ahead of king's 
 son, dashes into stone and hides horse and carriage. — (10) In her haste she 
 drops a shoe, and has not time to change her clothes, but can only cover them 
 over with old gown. She returns to her bench by the fire. King's son sees 
 shoe by the stone, and carries it off. He shows it at home, and says he will 
 marry whomsoever it fits. — (n) Proud sisters try to get it on, and even cut 
 off their toes, but in vain. At length king's son invites swineherd to try. 
 " What's the good? I shall only soil the pretty shoe." Nevertheless she is 
 to try, and shoe fits her perfectly. King's son takes her in his arms to his 
 room ; there he tears off her old gown, which was hiding fine clothes. 
 She takes him to stone and shows her treasure. — (12) He marries her. — 
 (13) Proud sisters go into stove and hang themselves out of vexation. Pride 
 comes to shame. 
 
390 CINDERELLA VARIANTS, 
 
 109 Ibid, MS. Collections. By Fr. Rapola. No. XLIII. (From 
 Saaksmaki, in Tavastland.) 
 
 " SiKERI-SOKERI, 1 COWSKIN." 
 
 (i) Man and wife have one daughter each. Wife hates husband's daughter, 
 and sends her to pasture the flocks, giving her such bad food that she always 
 brings it home untouched. — (2) One day stepmother sends own daughter to see 
 how heroine gets food ; but she goes to sleep in the forest, and discovers nothing. 
 Next day she is sent again, and again falls asleep. Stepmother goes herself 
 third day, and sees heroine spread her napkin and call her cow Kirju, who 
 comes instantly, and shaking her horns, covers the napkin with delicious 
 food. — (3) That night man and wife decide that Kirju must be killed, to stop 
 heroine's food-supply. Heroine overhears, and goes at once to stable to tell 
 Kirju. — (4) "Never mind. Undo my collar and get on my back." They 
 set off and reach king's palace. Cow stops at a great stone hard by. * * Kill 
 me and take my skin. When you want anything, strike my tomb with a 
 stick, and you will get it." — (5) Heroine slays cow, dons skin, and seeks 
 service at palace. She is engaged as swineherd. — (6) Presently king's son is 
 invited to a wedding. He dresses for fete, and calls maids to bring him a 
 comb. Maids not hearing, heroine takes it. '* Sikeri-sokeri, Cowskin, 
 what do you mean by it ?" and he throws comb at her. Other servants bring 
 him comb, and he goes to wedding. Servants go to look on, leaving swine- 
 herd behind. Heroine goes to cow's grave and asks for Indian dress and 
 horse and carriage. She gallops after prince, and is placed next to him at 
 table because of her beauty. He asks whence she comes. '* From Comb- 
 country." Heroine returns dress to grave, and is back in her place when 
 servants return. They boast of having seen lovely princess, and taunt 
 "Sikeri-sokeri, Cowskin" with having seen nothing. — {7) After a time king's 
 son is dressing for another wedding, and calls for soap. Heroine takes it to 
 him, and is scolded as before. Other servants bring some. Heroine, again 
 left behind, gets silk dress from grave and goes to wedding. She is placed 
 beside king's son, says she comes from '* Soap-land" ; returns home before 
 servants, who taunt her as before. — (8) King is dressing for third wedding, 
 and calls for towel ; heroine takes it, and is again scolded. Left alone, she 
 visits grave, and, clad in gold dress, drives to wedding. Seated next king's 
 son, she tells him she comes from " Towel-land". On returning home heroine 
 is pursued, and not having time to hide gold dress under stone, throws cow- 
 skin over her. In her haste she drops a shoe, which king's son picks up. — 
 
 (9) He proclaims that whosoever can wear it shall be his betrothed. Every- 
 one tries shoe, but none can get it on. King's son calls ** Sikeri-sokeri, 
 Cowskin" to try. Everyone laughs ; but shoe fits her perfectly, and at that 
 moment cowskin falls from her shoulders, and she is at once recognised. — 
 
 (10) King's son marries her. 
 
 ^ Sokeri = sugar ; Sikeri = variation of Sokeri. 
 
SOC. DE LITT. FINN. — MS. COLLECTIONS. 39 1 
 
 Ibid. MS. Collections. By J. Soini, 1878; from Wahakyryo, 197 
 in Ostrobothnia. Narrated by Kaarlo Tronti, peasant. (Col- 
 lection du lycee finnois d'Helsingfors, No. Ill, 3.) 
 
 "The Three Dresses." 
 
 (i) King's wife dies and is buried. King torments his daughter with 
 wanting to marry her. She is greatly distressed. — (2) Father will let her off 
 if she can procure clothes like gold. Heroine, in despair, goes weeping 
 to mother's grave. Mother rises from grave, asks why she weeps ; then bids 
 her go to her room and the clothes will be brought to her. Heroine goes to 
 sleep, and next morning finds clothes hanging up on wall. She dons them, 
 and goes to father, who now wants her more than ever for his wife, but will 
 leave her in peace if she can get some clothes like silver. She again goes to 
 grave, and obtains silver clothes in like manner. Father finds her so much 
 more lovely dressed in these that he really must marry her. But if she can 
 get dress of crows' beaks, he will have nothing more to do with her. Dead 
 mother helps her to this as before ; but when father sees her in crow's-beak 
 dress he is quite determined to marry her. Heroine goes to her room, puts 
 pillow on the table in window, buries her head in it, and saturates it with 
 tears. — (3) Old man passes window, and asks why she weeps. '* What is the 
 use of telling, you can't help me ?'' Old man throws her ball, saying if she 
 strikes it on staircase she will get two black horses and a carriage. Heroine 
 puts on gold and silver dresses and crow's-beak gown outside, then sets out in 
 carriage. — (4) She stops at another king's palace, and there becomes swine- 
 herd. — (5) Sunday morning she is told to take water for washing to king's son. 
 He throws it in her face, not liking to be served by swineherd. She is left 
 alone, whilst the rest go to church. She dons gold dress, strikes staircase 
 with ball to get carriage and horses, and goes to church. Prince sees her 
 arrive, and asks whence she comes. " From the country where they throw 
 water." King makes public inquiry about country : no one knows of it. — (6) 
 Next Sunday she is sent with towel to king's son, who throws it at her face, 
 because she is too dirty to serve him. She goes to church in gold dress 
 as before ; says she comes from ** Throw-towel land"; leaves before the rest, 
 strikes table with ball: "Table, be served," and it is furnished sumptu- 
 ously. Everyone is astonished. — (7) Third Sunday king's son throws boots 
 at her, calling her " Lousy-head". She goes to church in gold dress as before; 
 says she comes from *' Throw-boot land". No one can find it. He has the 
 church-steps tarred ; heroine's shoe sticks ; he picks it up and invites all the 
 world to come and try it on.— (8) Swineherd is watching all the ladies try it 
 in vain ; king's son, for a joke, tells her to come and try. " What's the good 
 for poor me, swineherd, lousy-head, to try ?" King's son insists ; the shoe 
 fits her, and he notices as she puts it on that there is a gold dress underneath 
 the crow's-beak gown. — (9) He marries her. (It was not much of a wedding. 
 I was there ; but they only gave me a couple of cold potatoes, a herring, and 
 a piece of bread. So I left. ) 
 
392 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 198 Ibid. MS. Collections. By K. T. Andersson ; from Loppi, in 
 Tavastland. (Collection du lycee finnois d'Helsingfors, No. 
 XXVIII, i6.) 
 
 "The King's Daughter." 
 
 (i) King wants to marry beautiful daughter. — (2) She promises consent if 
 he will procure her a dress of crows' bills. All the crows in the kingdom are 
 killed and the gown made. Heroine now demands, before wedding, a gold 
 dress, which is procured ; then a boat which travels by land or sea. Such a 
 one is made. — (3) At night heroine puts all her possession?, as well as car- 
 riages, horses, and servants, into the boat, sets out to foreign country, and 
 arrives at king's palace. She blackens her face, dons old clothes, and seeks 
 service at court. King at first refuses her, then at length engages her as 
 swineherd. — (4) King is dressing for a/^/<?, and swineherd takes him water 
 for washing. He hits her with tovvel, not liking swineherd to serve him. 
 Heroine dons crow's-bill gown and follows him \.o fHe. No one dares ask 
 whence she comes, and king is urged to do so. Heroine replies, "From 
 Towel-land"j and king is frightened, remembering his treatment of swineherd. 
 He hurries home. But heroine is back first, and when king sends for her, 
 comes dressed in her rags, with blackened face. — (5) Next night king throws 
 slippers at heroine when she brings his water, "ftlut, I forbid you to bring 
 my water. Attend to your pigs." Heroine dons gold dress, and drives 
 in splendid carriage iof^te. King is again urged to inquire whence she comes. 
 **From Slipper-land." King hurries back ; but with her splendid horses she 
 gets home first ; yet has not time to charge clothes, and flings rags over gold 
 dress, and blackens her face. — (6) King sends for her, tears off her rags, and 
 notices royal jewel that she wears round her neck. He begs her pardon 
 for having ill-treated her, and then asks her in marriage for his son. She 
 consents, joyfully. — ij) King's son marries her. 
 
 199 Ibid. MS. Collections. By Kaarle Krohn, 1884; from Suo- 
 jarvi, in Carelia. (Narrated by Ogafja Vasiljovoa, aged twenty- 
 seven years, who heard it at Varpakyla.) 
 
 (1) Man loses his wife, and wants to marry his own daughter. —(2) She bids 
 him wait awhile, as she wishes to visit her mother's grave before the nuptial 
 benediction. Heroine weeps long at mother's grave ; mother asks why, then 
 bids her return home, and, when father is ready for the wedding, say that she 
 must have the stove heated so as to take a bath before being married. Also, 
 when she starts for church, she must take with her her dresse«, a brush and 
 conib, a looking-glass, and a sword. Then she will go to the stove and 
 escape. Her father will pursue her ; she must throw brush behind her, 
 bidding it turn into an insurmountable wall. Heroine goes home and does as 
 bidden.— (3) When father thinks she has been too long at the bath he goes to 
 
SOC. DE LITT. FINN. MS. COLLECTIONS. 393 
 
 seek her ; she is not there. lie starts in pursuit; the brush is thrown, and 
 turns into a wall like a brush, which he can neither leap nor go round. He 
 is furious ; rushes home to get a sword ; makes a big hole in the wall ; is 
 about to hide sword, when little bird sings, '* I shall tell the daughter what 
 the father is hiding." *' You wretched bird ! if I had a caldron here I'd boil 
 you." He goes home to hide sword, then continues pursuit. ^ — (4) Heroine 
 ooks round, and, seeing father close behind, throws comb, bidding it turn 
 into wall of bones, which father can neither leap nor go round. Father goes 
 home to fetch sword ; makes a hole in wall ; is about to hide sword, when 
 bird sings as before ; so he takes it home. — (5) Again he nearly overtakes 
 heroine ; she throws the looking-glass, which turns into a wall of glass, which 
 he can neither surmount nor go round. Again he fetches sword to make 
 a hole ; bird obliges him to return home with it. — (6) He almost overtakes 
 daughter just as she is nearing king's stable-yard. She sees a pigskin hang- 
 ing on the fence, throws it over her shoulders, and, transformed into a pig, 
 rushes into the stable belonging to king's son. Next morning she gets up 
 before the king's servants, and feeds the cattle, and does all the household 
 duties. — {7) King's son is going to church, and calls to his sister to bring him 
 some soap, that he may wash first. His sister has not time, so pig takes soap 
 to king's son, who throws it at her, saying he will not use soap which pig has 
 brought. Sister brings some more, and they go together to church. Heroine 
 doflfs the pigskin and goes too, dressed in her tine clothes. King's son notices 
 lovely girl in church, and tells sister to go and ask her where her palace 
 is. Heroine answers, " I come from the palace where they throw soap 
 about,'' She repeats this to brother, who is mystified. At once he has the 
 doorway of the church tarred, and, as heroine leaves, her pretty hat sticks to 
 it, and she has not time to get it back. She hurries home, throws down her 
 clothes at the foot of an oak-tree, and dons the pigskin. — (8) Next day king's 
 son asks his sister to bring him some water for washing before he goes to church. 
 She has not time ; pig fills a basin, and carries it to king, who upsets water, 
 because pig has brought it, and calls his sister to bring more. They go 
 to church together. Heroine doffs pigskin and dresses herself at the oak. 
 King's son looks up from his book and sees lovely girl in church ; he sends 
 sister to inquire whence she comes. Heroine replies, *' From the palace 
 where they upset waier and fling soap about." King's son has the latch 
 of the church- door tarred ; heroine's glove sticks to it, and she does not care 
 to recover it, having plenty more gloves at home. Stie returns and resumes 
 pigskin, and sets to work as usual. — (9) Next day, before going to church, 
 king's son asks sister for his shirt. Pig takes it, and he won't wear it. Sister 
 fetches another. They go to church, and heroine to the oak, as before. 
 Sister asks whence she comes : " From the palace where they throw water, 
 soap, and shirts about." King's son has the threshold of the church tarred, 
 and heroine's shoe remains sticking to it. She won't trouble to return for 
 such a trifle as that, and hurries home. — (10) King's son proclaims through- 
 
 See note 63. 
 
394 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 out the kingdom that he will marry the girl whom this hat, this glove, 
 and this shoe fit. Everyone tries them on in vain. The pig comes and 
 mixes in the crowd ; all of a sudden she puts on the shoe ; she hides again in 
 the crowd, and presently puts on the glove ; she goes in and out amongst the 
 people, and puts on the hat. So king's son must keep his word, but is very 
 sad at having to marry a pig.— (li) They set out to church for the nuptial 
 benediction. Pig says, ** Stop, I must get out for a moment." " Get out by 
 all means," says the king's son— "and don't come back," he adds under 
 his breath. Heroine doffs pigskin, and returns to king's son splendidly 
 dressed. " All right ! off we go !" she says, "I'm ready now." He bursts 
 out laughing when he sees the pig's transformation. They go to church. 
 Everyone accompanies them home, and they have a grand wedding. 
 
 252 Ibid. MS. Collections. By Elias Lonnrot. No. XXXIX. 1836. 
 From the Government of Archangel, uyezd Kem (? Uhtne or 
 Wuskkiniemi). 
 
 " Cinderella." 
 
 (i) There are three sisters. The two elder are going to enter king's service. 
 Cinderella, the youngest, wants to go too, but they will not take her. On 
 the way they meet ram with shears on its horns. ** Shear me ; you shall have 
 wool." " We haven't time, and we don't wish to soil our hands. We have 
 hired ourselves as king's servants for three years." — (2) They meet a cow. 
 '* Milk me, and take my milk." '* We can't soil our clothes." — (3) They 
 meet a very dirty old man, with stick in his hand. " Wash me, and you shall 
 have my stick." They will not. — (4) Cinderella sets out. Meets ram, shears 
 it, and takes wool ; milks cow, and gets milk ; cleans old man, who gives her 
 stick, saying : ** Near the palace you will see a rock ; go three times round 
 it, then strike it with this stick, and you shall see." Cinderella opens rock, 
 and sees animals, clothes, provisions, utensils, all sorts of things, and many 
 more than king possesses. But she takes nothing. — (5) She goes to palace j 
 they will scarcely admit her. She sits in a corner. Sisters say to king : ** She 
 is our sister ; won't you take her as cinder-sifter ?" ** Yes, since she is here." 
 — (6) On Sunday sisters dress for church. Cinderella says, "Give me at 
 least some old clothes." They will not take her with them. She goes to 
 rock, gets a silk dress and ahorse, goes to church, and no one recognises her. 
 She leaves before the others, so as to return dresses to rock, don her old jkin 
 dress, and be sitting in chimney-corner sifting cinders. Sisters return ; tell of 
 the beautiful girl at church. — (7) Second Sunday Cinderella goes to church in 
 silver dress, driving right up to« the door. Prince looks at her. Towards the 
 end of service she leaves. Sisters return, and talk about beauty. Cinderella 
 asks if she may not go next Sunday and see her. They refuse. — (8) King's 
 son determines that lovely girl shall not escape so easily next time. Cinder- 
 ella takes a dress steeped in golden vapour, and a finer horse than ever. She 
 drives right into the middle of the church. King's son would ask whence 
 she comes and whither she goes. 5 He .pursues her, but does not reach her. 
 
SOC. DE L3TT. FINN. — MS. COLLECTIONS. 395 
 
 She has not time to doff fine clothes, so covers them with old skin dress, and sits 
 in chimney-corner. — (9) King's son goes into kitchen, and says to Cinderella : 
 ** Search my head." Sisters say : " Don't let her do it ; she will make you 
 dirty from the ashes." King's son, in pulling at her gown, tears the sleeve, 
 revealing the gilded robe underneath skin. — (10) Next Sunday she is left at 
 home alone to cook dinner. She fetches utensils from rock. On returning 
 from church everyone is convinced Cinderella is no ordinary person. Sisters, 
 who have hitherto despised her, are now ashamed.— (11) Cinderella bf comes 
 daughter-in-law to the queen. 
 
 Ibid. MS. Collections. By Kaarle Krohn. From Suojarvi in 253 
 Carelia. 1884. (Narrated by Tatjana Ignatjova, of Koitajarvi, 
 sister of Ilia. She is 59 years of age, and learnt the story from 
 her mother, Matrova Karpova, who died 20 years ago, at the 
 age of seventy.) 
 
 "The Swineherd." 
 
 (i) There are three young girls; the youngest is Cinderella. The other 
 two have for six weeks been washing their hands in new milk, that they may 
 make clothes for the king's son. They set out, and Cinderella follows them. 
 They walk on and on. — (2) A cow meets them, and says : " Milk me, young 
 Jadies." *• What ! soil our hands after washing them for six weeks in new 
 milk ?" Cinderella comes along and milks cow, lets it drink, washes the pail, 
 and puts it on her horns, and continues on her way. The first two girls are 
 on m front.— (3) A sheep comes up to Cinderella, and says : " Shear me, 
 dear young lady ; my wool reaches to the ground." She shears sheep with 
 the shears that are on its back, takes the wool, and proceeds. — (4) The 
 grand young ladies enter a hut, where the bread is being burnt in the oven. 
 The loaves say: "Take us out; we are being burnt." "What! soil our 
 1-and?," etc., etc., and they goon their way. Cinderella enters hut, takes 
 loaves out of the oven, piles them up, and goes on again. — {5) The two girls 
 come upon an old man who has fallen into a ditch. "Help me up, dear 
 young ladies." They exclaim as before. Cinderella follows, helps the old 
 man up, and seats him at the edge of the ditch. (The old man is the Saviour.) 
 He gives her a stick, saying : "Go to a certain stone, strike it three times 
 with this stick. It will open, and you can take out anything you want." — 
 (6) Cinderella reaches the king's court. The two girls are being entertained 
 with food and drink. Cinderella is set to sift cinders in a dark little room, 
 where she sees nobody. Next day king's son prepares for church, and the 
 two girls dress quickly to go with him. Meanwhile Cinderella sits in her 
 dark room. But presently she goes to the stone of which old man told her, 
 strikes it with her stick, and three horses come forth, the first all gilt, tlie 
 second silvered, and the third quite black. Cinderella dresses, gets in car- 
 riage, and drives to church. She kneels down beside the two girls, who do 
 not recognise her. On leaving church, she drives quickly to stone, returns 
 the horses and clothes, and goes to her dark room. Sisters return, and all sit 
 
396 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 to table. Someone says that Cinderella should be called to dinner ; but 
 sisters say : " Oh, let her alone ! She will find plenty of scraps when she is 
 was-hing up." But the others say she may as well come and eat with them. 
 She comes. They aie all talking about the lovely girl who was at church. 
 She says: "That was I." Sisters jeer at her, and say: ** You indeed, 
 scullion ! If you don't hold your tongue directly you shall be sent back to 
 your dark hole." — (7) Next day all go to church, and Cinderella gets still 
 finer clothes from the stone, and horses nine times more beautiful. No one 
 in church can go on praying. Everyone gets up to look at her. The king's 
 son watches her all the time. He pursues her after the service, but she get.=: 
 into carriage, and is off. When they return from church everyone is talking 
 about the lovely girl. Sisters do not want Cinderella to be called to dinner, 
 but she is fetched, and is again silenced by sisters when she says the lovely 
 girl was herself. King's son is consumed with longing for the lovely 
 stranger. — (8) He causes to be placed in front of the church a greater trap 
 than on the preceding occasions. (Trap not explained.) On the morrow they 
 all go to church again. Heroine appears in splendour passing description. 
 All look at her. King's son can give no ear to what the priest says. When 
 the service is ended, heroine gets into her carriage, but the king's son stops 
 it, and gets in beside her, and drives to the palace. Then he marries her, 
 and they live happily lo this day. The sisters took themselves off ; no one 
 knows what became of them. 
 
 300 Ibid. MS. Collection. By B. A. Paldani. No. I, 16. 1852. 
 (From Ylojarvi, in West Finland. Narrated by Vilhelmina 
 Lindfelt.) 
 
 "The Servants' Places." 
 
 (i) Two young girls wish to be king's servants. One sets out to palace 
 
 before the other, and meets a ram with shears on its horns asking to be shorn. 
 
 Girl refuses, saying : ** I have washed hands and feet for three days, so as to 
 
 enter king's service." — (2) Next she meets cow asking to be milked, and gives 
 
 same answer. — (3) Then she meets old man, who asks her to comb his hair, 
 
 and refuses him in same words. — (4) A little further on she comes to a well, 
 
 which says, " Clean me out," but she will not. — {5) When she reaches palace, 
 
 a bird at the entrance sings: " Wicked servant, you won't fare well here." A 
 
 guard at the door of the first room says : "Don't go there !" bat she goes- 
 
 A man in the room says : *' Come not here ; only blood and bones are in this 
 
 room !" She goes to another room, but they say : "Come not here ; there 
 
 is naught but pain and woe in here." Then she goes to a third room, where 
 
 they give her eight grains, three peas, and eight grains of salt, and bid her 
 
 make food out of it for the whole household. — (6) An old man, with white 
 
 hair, then appears, and says : "Let me, taste the salt." "Don't you take it 
 
 all." If the servant had not said this he would have acted differently. He 
 
 takes it all, and as she cannot prepare a meal for palace-folk, she is taken to 
 
 the room of bones and blood, and slain. — (7) The second young girl meets 
 
SOC. DE LITT. FINN. SOEGAARD. 397 
 
 the cow and milks it ; shears the ram ; combs the old man's hair ; cleanses the 
 well, and reaches the palace. — (8) The bird on the door sings : "Good servant, 
 all will go well with you here !" She enters first room, where there is gold and 
 silver, and is told that is where she is to live. Then they give her eight grains, 
 three peas, and eight grains of salt, with which to serve king's table. — (9) Old 
 man comes, and asks to taste salt. "Do taste it, then I shall know if it is 
 nice !" He tastes it, and she says : *' Take a little more !" Then she prepares 
 the meal, and is very well received for being able to make food out of so little. 
 She is installed in the room where there is gold and silver. 
 
 P. M. SoEGAARD, I Fjeldbygdune. Pp. 17-22. 110 
 
 "Kraake Lange." 
 
 (i) Widower and daughter sink through a little hill to the sorceress, Kraake 
 Lange, who has a daughter. — (2) Widower marries the sorceress, who ill- 
 treats her stepdaughter, sends her to herd cattle, and tries to starve her. But 
 the less food she gives her the better she seems nourished. — (3) Sorceress gives 
 daughter a couple of magic eyes to put into her neck, and sends her to spy on 
 heroine. Stepsister discovers that heroine eats from the ear of an ox, and 
 tells her mother. A pitfall is made in the road. Ox, understanding every- 
 thing, drives the cows into the trap, and they are killed. — (4) Then ox says to 
 heroine, ** One of us must die ; better I than you. When I am dead take and 
 bury my bones, walk over my grave, wish for three things, and you shall get 
 them." Heroine does as bidden when ox is slain. She wishes for a horse, a 
 saddle, and three dresses — a poor one, a middling one, and a very lovely one. 
 When summer is over heroine is ordered to spin hard. — (5) The rest go to 
 church. She puts on her poorest dress and rides after them. She enters the 
 church last and leaves first. On her return a young man accosts her and asks 
 her to follow him home. She lets her whip drop ; he springs from his horse 
 to pick it up, and she too dismounts. Directly she is on the ground she wishes 
 herself home behind the oven, and is there; for when wearing that dress any 
 with of hers is instantly fulfilled. — (6) Next Sunday she wears the middling 
 dress, and on the way home lets her golden shoe drop, and the young man 
 gets it and keeps it. [Third Sunday forgotten,] — (7) He seeks everywhere 
 for someone whom the shoe will fit. At last he comes to a little hill whence 
 issues agreeable smell of cooking ; he sinks down and comes to Kraake 
 Lange. Neither she nor her daughter can get the shoe on, but it fits heroine. 
 — (8) The young man is heroine's brother, and he serves the king, whom he 
 tells of sister's great beauty. King wants to see her, and brother is sent to 
 fetch her. 
 
 [The tale passes into that of " Buskebrud", Asbjornsen, No. LV (Dasent's 
 "Bushy Bride"), about the girl who is thrown from the ship into the sea by 
 stepmother and stepsister, and comes thrice to the king's castle in the form of 
 a duck.] 
 
39^ Cinderella variants. 
 
 Ill G. Stier, Ungarische Sagen und Mdrchen^ aus der Erdelyischen 
 Sammlung iibersetzt. Berlin, 1850. No. V, pp. 34-45- 
 
 "Die drei Konigstochter." 
 
 (i) King has three daughters, but is too poor to keep them. Their step- 
 mother persuades him to take them into forest and lose them in the darkness. 
 Youngest daughter overhears this, and, whilst king and queen sleep, gets up 
 to seek advice of godmother, who is a witch. A little magic steed is waiting at 
 door for her, and carries her to witch, who gives her a ball of thread, which she is 
 to unwind as she goes through forest, so as to be able to retrace her steps. 
 But this is given only on condition that heroine does not rescue her two 
 wicked sisters. Next day stepmother takes daughters into forest to gather 
 faggots, and then bids them rest under tree. They fall asleep, and she runs 
 off and leaves them. Elder daughters begin weeping on awakening, but 
 heroine knows way home. She will not take sisters with her, but they 
 praise and flatter her till at length she consents. Father is pleased to see 
 them again, but stepmother's joy is feigned. — (2) In the night she tells king 
 that she means to lead them still further into the forest, and desert them. 
 Heroine overhears, and goes as before to witch, who scolds her for having 
 brought sisters back, and, with the same injunction, gives her this time 
 a little sack of ashes, with which she must strew the path as they go. All 
 happens as before, and again heroine is persuaded to bring sisters home with 
 her. — (3) She again overhears parents' talk, and is now ashamed to go to 
 witch, whom she has twice disobeyed, and thinks to be able to help herself 
 this time. So she takes a sack of grain to make a trail, and is willing to 
 lead sisters home, only she finds, to her dismay, that birds have eaten every 
 single grain. The three girls wander hither and thither all day, and at last 
 come to a well, and quench their thirst. — (4) They find an acorn under an 
 oak where they rest, plant it in the ground, and carry water in their mouths 
 from well to water it. Next day it has grown as high as a tower, and 
 heroine ascends it to spy for some human abode in the neighbourhood. But 
 she sees nothing, and they weep. Next morning the tree is twice as high, 
 but still heroine can espy nothing from its top. On the third day it is higher 
 still, and heroine sees a little lighted window in the far distance, and leads 
 sisters to it. — (5) They now begin to ill-treat her, take away the bundle of 
 clothes which she had thought to bring from home. They beat her, and tell 
 her she must say they are the daughters of a rich king, and she is their 
 servant. They wander thus for three days, till they reach a magnificent 
 palace. They enter full of hope, and are alarmed to see a giantess looking 
 down from the tower, with an eye like a plate in the middle of her forehead, 
 and a row of teeth a span long. " Good day, children," roars the giantess; 
 "you will make a prime roast." They are terrified; but heroine speaks 
 flatteringly to her, and says they will make her a lovely dress, if she will let 
 them alone. — (6) Giantess shuts them up in a cupboard, so that husband 
 shall" not see them. He is much bigger than his wife, and comes in, 
 
stlER. 399 
 
 sniffing about, and threatening to eat her, if she gives him nothing else. 
 Girls are brought out, but they plead for mercy, promising to cook a dainty 
 dish for giant. They are spared, because giant thinks he will eat them all to 
 himself when wife is not by, and wife has the same idea. Girls begin baking 
 and cooking. The elder girls knead dough, whilst heroine heats an enor- 
 mous oven. After awhile she calls giant, and, having put a lump of fat in 
 oven, tells him to lick it and see if it is hot enough, for then the oven would 
 be heated sufficiently. Scarcely has the giant put his head inside oven than 
 heroine pushes him in, and he is burnt to death. — (7) Giantess is in a great 
 rage, and would devour heroine, only she persuades her to let her dress her 
 first. So heroine crawls on to giantess's head to comb her hair, but, instead 
 of this, she hits her on the head with an iron hammer, and she falls dead. 
 The girls drag the corpse out with twenty-four pair of oxen, and are sole 
 possessors of the castle. — (8) The following Sunday elder sisters go to dance 
 in the town. Heroine, who is left at home as servant, searches again and 
 again through all the rooms of the castle. She catches sight of something 
 shining in chimney, throws a stone at it, and gold key falls into her hand. 
 She tries it in all doors and cupboards. At last she opens little cupboard, 
 which is full of lovely clothes,, as though made for her. She dons a silver 
 dress, finds a magic steed waiting outside, and goes to dance. She is the 
 beauty of the ball, quite eclipsing her sisters. Suddenly she disappears, and 
 when sisters return she has resumed old clothes. They tell how much they 
 were enjoying themselves till some grand lady came and cut them out. 
 Heroine says, "I suppose I was that lady"; and they scold and slap her. — 
 (9) Next Sunday all happens as before: heroine appears in gold dress. On 
 the third Sunday she wears a diamond dress. But this time the young men 
 are determined not to lose sight of her, and follow close when she leaves. 
 She drops a shoe, and dares not wait to pick it up. It comes into the 
 possession of king's son, who treasures it. — (10) After a time he falls ill, and 
 doctors can do nothing. His father is in despair, when a strange physician 
 tells him that marriage is the only cure for his son, who is sick of love. 
 Father bids prince confess his love, and he says he will only wed owner of 
 shoe. — (ii) The following Sunday all women are to come and try shoe. 
 Elder sisters present themselves, having, with aid of heroine, chopped their 
 feet to make them smaller. As soon as they have started, heroine puts 
 fellow-shoe in handkerchief, dons finest dress, and rides on magic steed to 
 appointed place. On the way she overtakes sisters, and splashes them all 
 over with mud by riding through puddle. When she arrives, a hundred guns 
 are fired, and all the bells ring. But she will not own her shoe without 
 making trial of it, and puts it on. Then she draws forth its fellow, and is 
 acclaimed queen, with three hundred guns. — (12) She will only accept the 
 honour on condition that her father is restored to his lost kingdom. W hen 
 this is done, she marries king's son, and sisters return to live with their 
 father. 
 
400 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 301 MijAT Stojanovic, Narodne Pripoviedke (Folk-tales). Zagabria 
 (? Agram), 1879. Pp. 115 ff. 
 
 ''KcERKA I Pastorka" (Daughter and Stepdaughter). 
 
 (i) Heroine's widowed father marries a widow, who brings her own daughter 
 with her. Stepmother ill-treats heroine, and one day persuades father to lead 
 her into the forest, where she must spend the day in picking all the straw- 
 berries that are to be found, and the night in spinning. Heroine is forced to 
 pass the night in a cottage, to light the fire and cook the polenta —(2) Mean- 
 while a little mouse {mtsic) appears to her, and asks heroine for a spoonful of 
 porridge. She promises to give more if only it will stay to keep her company. 
 The little mouse satisfies its hunger, and then hides in a hole. — (3) Presently 
 heroine falls asleep ; a bear gets into the cottage, wakes her up, bids her put 
 out the fire, hang a little bell round her neck, and play with him at blindman's 
 buff {slijepe babe). Then the mouse, having climbed on to her shoulder, 
 whispers in her ear, bidding her not be frightened, but quickly hang the bell 
 on his neck, and he will willingly play with the bear in her stead. This done, 
 heroine hides in an angle, and the mouse begins the game with the bear, who 
 thinks to be playing with the girl. The bear exerts himself for a long time to 
 no purpose, and, being tired out and vanquished, tells the girl that she plays 
 the game splendidly, and, as she has won, he gives her as a prize a stud {ergela) 
 of horses and a cart-load of silver. Then the bear takes himself off to the 
 forest. — (4) Next day wicked stepmother sends her husband into the forest 
 with an e -npty sack, to see how many strawberries heroine has picked during 
 the day, ^d how much thread she has spun during the night. — (5) The 
 little house-dog announces, barking, the return of heroine from the forest. 
 *' Bow-wow- wow ! here comes our daughter home again. By her picking and 
 her spinning she has gaii ed an immense sum of money, a whole stud of hand- 
 some steeds as well." Stepmother says dog is lying ; that what they hear is 
 not the stamping of the horses and the noise of the carriage, but the rattling 
 in the sack of stepdaughter's dry bones. When stepmother really sees 
 heroine coming she is in a great rage, and next day she sends husband with 
 her own daughter into the forest. — (6) Daughter drives mouse away with the 
 spoon, anr" when bear comes, is obliged to hang bell round her neck and play 
 with im. The mouse, instead of helping her, exults over her misfortunes. 
 For the b kills her in an instant. — (7) Next day stepmother sends husband 
 it to the forest to fetch back her daughter with her two cart-loads of money 
 and two studs of horses. — (8) But the dog announces, barking, that her hus- 
 band is returning with the sack on his shoulders full of her daughter's bores. 
 Stepmother will not believe it, and tries to coax the dog to announce happier 
 things. But the animal only repeats the pitiful tidings, and husband mean- 
 while appears with his gruesome burden, at sight of which mother begins 
 wailing desperately, and next day she dies. — (9) Father lives happily with 
 heroine till she marries a nice young man ; and they are ever afterwards 
 prosperous and blessed. And the little dog was pleased, for it was heard not 
 far off, saying, ** Bow- wow- wow." 
 
STRAPAROLA. — SUTERMEISTER. 40I 
 
 Straparola, Le tredici piacevoU notti del S. Gio Francesco Stra- 200 
 parola da Caravaggio. Venice, 1569. Lib. i. Favola IV, 
 PP- 27-33- 
 
 . (i) Tebaldo, prince of Salerno, promises dying wife only to marry whomso- 
 ever a certain ring will fit. After a time the promise becomes known, and 
 ladies come to try ring, which proves either too large or too small, fitting none. 
 — (2) One day, during dinner, Doralice, Tebaldo's daughter, tries mother's 
 ring, and shows father that it fits, whereupon he wishes to marry her. — (3) 
 Heroine goes for advice to old nurse, who hides her in wardrobe which had 
 contained mother's robes and jewels, and which none but she can open from 
 without. She gives heroine supply of certain liquor, a few drops of which 
 will sustain life for a long time. — (4) Father, having missed daughter, cannot 
 bear sight of wardrobe, and has it carried to the piazza. A Genoese merchant 
 buys it, ships it to Britannia, and there sells it to the king Genese, who has it 
 conveyed to his own chamber. — (5) Heroine comes out when alone, sweeps 
 and adorns room, and covers the bed with roses. King makes inquiries 
 about it of his mother, and at length hides in the room, after feigning depar- 
 ture, and thus surprises heroine. — (6) He marries her, and they have two 
 sons. — (7) Tebaldo traces the disposal of wardrobe, having suspected that 
 heroine had been hidden in it. Disguised as a merchant, he reaches Britain, 
 and, showing his wares to his daughter, promises to make her a present if 
 he has permission to sleep one night in her children's room. He spills sleep- 
 ing draught prepared for him, murders the children, leaving bloody knife in 
 queen's possession, and escapes by the window. — (8) An astrologer is con- 
 sulted, and pronounces that bloody knife will be found upon the murderer. It 
 is found in queen's keeping, and she is to die.^ She is buried alive, naked, up 
 to her chin, and well nourished, so that she may linger long while the worms 
 devour her. — {9) The astrologer, who is Tebaldo in disguise, returns home 
 full of satisfaction, and relates to old nurse all that has happened. Old nurse 
 sets off secretly, reaches Britain, and tells king of Doralice's innocence, and all 
 that had befallen her. Heroine is released from living tomb. — (10) King 
 sends army to Salerno ; Tebaldo is brought prisoner to Britain, carried round 
 the town in a chariot drawn by four horses, then torn into four quarters 
 with red-hot pincers. His flesh is thrown to rabid dogs. 
 
 Otto Sutermeister, Kinder- und Hausmdrchen aus der Schweiz. 254 
 Aarau, 1869. Pp. 1 10-12. 
 
 " ASCHENGRUBEL." 
 
 (i) Heroine's parents die, leaving her nothing but a wonderful scintillating 
 dress and a testament. No one knows whence it came. She wraps the 
 
 1 See note 64. 
 
 D D 
 
402 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 dress in a cloth, and goes out seeking employment. — (2) At last she is engaged 
 at a grand house to do kitchen and stable work, and is called Aschengriibel. 
 She leaves her dress under a fir-tree. — (3) After a time there is to be music 
 and dancing, and the son of the house is in high spirits. Heroine gets per- 
 mission to go to the dancing-green, but must on no account dance. She hies 
 to fir-tree, washes at a spring, then dons her wonderful dress. When she 
 ppears on the green, everyone looks at her, and her mistress's son invites her 
 to dance. She will not yield to his entreaties. Presently she runs off, re- 
 turns dress to fir-tree, and makes her hands and face dirty. A tiny little man 
 comes out from behind tree, greets her kindly, and disappears suddenly. — (4) 
 Son of the house has no more peace till there is another dance. Again 
 heroine gets leave to go if she will not dance. She does as before. Son is 
 delighted to see her, and entreats her to dance. Whilst she hesitates, he tries 
 to snatch a kiss, but she runs off to fir-tree and returns dress. Little man 
 comes forth and greets her still more kindly. — (5) There is a third dance, and 
 all happens as before. Mistress's son seizes heroine by the hand, and will not 
 release her till she promises to marry him. She tells him she is his parents' 
 menial, Aschengrubel. Whosoever she be, he will marry her, and the wed- 
 ding-day is fixed. Heroine wishes to remain unknown till then ; he must 
 promise to keep her name secret. She goes to fir-tree ; little man meets her, 
 beaming all over with friendliness. — (6) When, on the wedding morning, she 
 comes for the last time to get her dress from fir-tree, the little man appears 
 full of rapture, and says : " You have a dowry as well." He gives her a 
 book ; she opens it, and finds it is parents' testament, which announces that 
 she is heiress to a great estate. She hastens to tell bridegroom, who takes her 
 to his parents. Grand wedding follows. 
 
 112 Benjamin Thorpe, Yule-Tide Stories. Popular Tales and 
 Traditions from the Swedish, Danish, and German. Pp. 112- 
 126. (From the Swedish district of North Smaland.) 
 
 "The Little Gold Shoe." 
 
 ( I ) King and queen had fair daughter ; queen died ; king married widow 
 with daughter, but was unhappy. — (2) He died. Stepmother and stepsister, 
 jealous of daughter's beauty, made her kitchen drudge, calling her "Cinder- 
 Girl". — (3) Foreign prince came wooing, whereat stepmother made her 
 daughter smart to ride in gilded coach to church, and bade Cinder-Girl stay to 
 sweep and cook. Stepsister showed her fine dress, and was angry when Cinder- 
 Girl said she also might go to church, and stepmother scattered peas, bidding 
 her pick them all up. — (4) Cinder-Girl went to spring for water, and dropped 
 a tear therein, when pike arose and asked why she cried. He told her she 
 would find in oak some fine clothes and a palfrey whereon to ride to church. 
 She was to sit between stepmother and daughter, but to say nothing, and 
 hurry home before them to change clothes. — (5) All this she did, and her 
 silver dress cast brightness around, so that the prince was smitten and followed 
 
THORPE. 403 
 
 her when she left ; but she reached home and donned her old clothes. — 
 (6) Stepmother and daughter were furious at the coming of the stranger to 
 church, and were all bustle to look finer than ever next Sunday. — (7) Then all 
 happened as before, save that Cinder-Girl had to pick up a scattered bushel of 
 groats, and that she went to church in a habit of purest gold. — (8) So it was 
 upon the third Sunday, when she had to gather up a spilt bushel of meal, and 
 appeared at church in garments brilliant with gems, while on her head was a 
 crown of gold. — (9) This time the prince caused tar to be spilt at the church 
 door, and one of her gold shoes stuck in it, but she dared not stay to pick it 
 up ; whereon the prince did so. The people followed her so closely that as 
 she reached the oak she could only throw her ragged clothes over the jewelled 
 dress and hurry home, where she feigned to be hard at work. — (10) The 
 prince gave notice through all the realm that only the woman whom the shoe 
 fitted would he wed. — (11) But as none could pass that test, he roamed till he 
 came to the palace, when the stepmother shut up Cinder-Girl in the oven, and 
 vainly strove to force her daughter's foot into the shoe by chopping off her 
 heels and clipping her toes. — (12) As the girl again tried on the shoe a bird 
 sang : 
 
 " Chop heel and clip toe ! 
 In the oven is she whom fits the gold shoe." 
 
 The prince heard this, and the stepmother sought to put him off ; but the bird 
 sang a second and a third time, so that the prince had the oven searched, and 
 Cinder-Girl was brought out. — (13) Then the shoe was tried and it was as if 
 it had grown to her foot j and the prince, seeing a gleam of gold on her, 
 snatched off her coarse garment, when she stood in dazzling beauty, and 
 became his queen. — (14) All the guests danced at the wedding, except the 
 stepdaughter whose toes had been cut off by her mother. 
 
 Ibid., pp. 126-33. Version from Ostergotland. (Printed in 113 
 J. Arwidsson's Ldse- och Ldro-bok for Ungdom. Stockholm, 
 1830. Pp. 19-25.) 
 
 (i) On going to church queen gives stepdaughter morsel of black bread and 
 little milk in cat's saucer ; strews bushel of peas on floor for Cinder-Girl to 
 pick up by her return. — (2) Little white ermine comes to weeping heroine, who 
 gives it milk and tells her trouble. Ermine blows on peas, which fly back 
 into measure.; takes heroine to oak in forest, where she gets dresses, a palfrey 
 and little pages, and goes to church. [Continuation of story resembles the 
 above.]— (3) On third Sunday Ermine requests heroine to run knife into its 
 heart, in return for its services to her. Heroine stabs it reluctantly. — (4) 
 Three drops of blood fall, from which springs comely prince, who instantly 
 vanishes. 
 
 D D 2 
 
404 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 214 Variant from Gottland. 
 
 " Krak-Pels." 
 
 (i) Stepdaughter must wear cloak of crow's feathers, because she is so much 
 more beautiful than crone's own daughter. Hence she is called Krak-Pels, i.e., 
 Crow-Cloak. — (2) Little old man, with whom she shares breakfast, aids her. He 
 takes her to forest, and by blowing a pipe procures her dresses like stars, like 
 the moon, like the sun. — (3) She goes thrice to church without being recognised. 
 — (4) When prince's messenger comes to crone's dwelling to try gold shoe, 
 Krak-Pels is frightened, and hides in oven. Bird in tree betrays her. — (5) She 
 marries king's son, and shows kindness to stepmother. 
 
 115 Variant from South Smaland. 
 
 " ASKE-PjESKE." 
 
 (i) Heroine, called " Aske-Pjeske", is left at home to prepare peas whilst 
 stepmother and stepsister go to church to meet foreign prince. — (2) She weeps; 
 bird pecks at casement and sings : 
 
 " Little maiden, go to church ; 
 I will clean thy peas ; 
 I will sweep and clear, and do all things. 
 Believe me." 
 
 —(3) Eagle flies past and drops splendid dress, in which she goes to church. 
 Prince throws white silk glove into her lap. — (4) Next Sunday he throws 
 second glove, and on third Sunday a gold apple. — {5) When prince and his 
 attendants come to try gold shoe, crone shuts stepdaughter in stable and cuts off 
 own daughter's heels and toes. Prince will not believe she is right girl. 
 Crone produces silk gloves and gold apple ; but bird pecks at casement and 
 
 sings : 
 
 " They cut off her heel, they cut off her toe ; 
 
 In the stable is she whom fits the gold shoe." 
 — (6) Prince marries Aske-Pjeske. 
 
 115 Second Variant from South Smaland. 
 
 Prince drives off with false bride. Bird on tree by bridge sings : 
 
 " Chop heel, chop toe, 
 \ At home sits the damsel in the bath-room and weeps, 
 
 She whom fits the golden shoe." 
 
THORPE. 405 
 
 Third Variant from South Smaland. 117 
 
 " FrOKEN SkINN-PELS ROR I ASKAN." 
 
 [Introduction borrowed from the story of ** De tre Under-sko-garne", i.e., the 
 Three Wonderful Forests.] — (i) Stepmother sends heroine to tend cattle, giving 
 her only a morsel of oatmeal bread. — (2) She weeps under tree ; huge white bear 
 asks why ; promises help if she will be true to him ; gives her pipe of gold on 
 which to blow whenever she would speak with him. — (3) Stepmother and step- 
 daughter, hearing of heroine's benefactor, lay snares to entrap bear. Heroine 
 goes to oak in forest, blows pipe, and warns bear. She escapes on bear's 
 back, promising to obey him. They come to silver forest ; heroine disobeys, 
 and plucks silver leaf ; wild beasts, lions, tigers, pursue bear. He comes out 
 of forest half-dead with fear. Same thing happens in gold forest and in 
 diamond forest. — (4) They reach a spring. Bear says they must part ; one must 
 descend into fountain. Heroine is willing to go, but bear gives her knife, 
 bids her slay him and throw carcase into fountain, then clothe herself in skin, 
 and take service at king's palace. — (5) She gets employment in kitchen, and sits 
 in chimney-corner raking the cinders. People are struck with her garb and 
 manner, and call her *' Froken Skinnpels ror-i-askan" (Miss Skin-cloak 
 rakes-in-the-ashes). — (6) King, queen, young prince, and court go to church j 
 master-cook wants to go too, and asks Froken Skinnpels to prepare dinner. 
 She blows golden pipe, and says, " Up, my little Pysslings^ prepare dainty 
 dinner for royal table." Swarm of little Pysslings obey ; then she asks them 
 for silver dress, goes to church, and sits between queen and princess. — (7) Prince 
 falls in love with her. 
 
 ^ In forests and wildernesses the spirits of little children that have been 
 murdered are said to wander about wailing within an assigned space, as long 
 as their lives would have lasted on earth, if they had been permitted to live. 
 As a terror for unnatural mothers that kill their offspring, their sad cry is 
 said to be, " Mamma ! mamma !" When travellers by night pass such places 
 these beings will, hang on to the vehicle, when the liveliest horses will toil as 
 if they were dragging millstones, will sweat, and at length be unable to pro- 
 ceed further. The peasant then knows that a ghost, or Pyssling, has attached 
 itself to the vehicle. If he goes to the horse's head, lifts the head- stall, and 
 looks through it towards the carriage, he will see the little pitiable being, but 
 will get a smart blow on the ear, or fall sick. This is called "ghost-pressed" 
 {gastkmmad). (Thorpe, Northern Antiquities, ii, 94-95.) 
 
 ^■i. 
 
118 
 
 406 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 Variant from Upland. 
 
 " KrAknabba-Pelsen." 
 
 (Introduction composed of originally unconnected fragments.) 
 
 ( l) Stepdaughter sent without food to tend cattle in forest. — (2) Black ox says, 
 *• Shake my ear, and hold thy apron under." She gets delicate food. Step- 
 mother treats her more cruelly still. — (3) Sends her one day to fetch axe left out 
 in rain. Heroine finds three doves sitting on haft of axe, caresses them, and 
 gives them food. In return for this first dove says gold ring shall fall from her 
 mouth every time she speaks ; second says she shall grow fairer and fairer ; 
 third dove says she shall marry a king. — (4) Stepmother sends own daughter for 
 axe. She curses doves and drives them away. They wish that a frog may 
 spring from her mouth when she speaks ; that she may grow fouler every 
 day ; that her nose may grow longer and longer. So it happens. Her nose 
 is like a crow's nib, and so long that she cannot open a door ; she hangs 
 cloak over it. — (5) Black ox counsels heroine to take stepsister's crow's-nib cloak 
 and to travel away with ox, who gives her piece of tree, a bottle, and a stone to 
 be thrown behind one at a time, when in need. — (6) Troll- wife pursues them; 
 heroine casts piece of wood behind, and a forest springs up. Ci'one returns 
 for axe, and hews down forest. Heroine throws bottle ; a lake appears ; crone 
 fetches horn and drinks up lake. Heroine casts stone, and lofty mountain 
 rises ; crone fetches pickaxe, and picks and hacks till mountain falls in and 
 buries her. — (7) Heroine is employed as stair-sweeper at palace, rides three 
 Sundays on ox, and magnificently clad, to church.— (8) Third time prince 
 watches at door and gets her shoe. — (9) Shoe test at palace follows. None 
 can wear it. Bird sings : 
 
 " In the chimney sits the damsel whom the shoe fits ; 
 In the chimney sits the damsel whom the shoe fits." 
 
 —(10) Prince finds Kraknabba-Pelsen in kitchen, and marries her.— (11) On 
 wedding-day she visits black ox in meadow, and at his request divides him 
 with sword into three pieces. An enchanted prince starts up. 
 
 119 Variant from Upland. 
 
 " KrAkskinns-Maja." 
 
 (i) Wicked queen has two daughters and a stepdaughter. — (2) Neighbouring 
 king invites girls to palace, for his son would choose a wife. Stepsisters, 
 jealous of heroine's beauty, give her sleeping-draught, and start off without 
 her. When she wakes she runs after them.— (3) Driving in splendid chariot, 
 stepsisters see little apple roll out of field. Apple cries, ** Oh, I am freezing !" 
 They order driver to lash it with whip. Apple rolls on and meets heroine, 
 who warms it in her bosom. Same thing happens with pear and plum, which 
 
THORPE. 407 
 
 stepsisters lash with whip, and heroine warms in bosom. Stepsisters are 
 received at palace ; heroine takes shelter in wayside hut. — (4) She dons an 
 old cloak of crow- skins, puts a veil over face, and gets employment in 
 palace kitchen, where she is nicknamed " Krakskinns-Maja". — (5) On Sunday 
 all go to church. Heroine gets dress of pure silver from apple ; says : 
 
 •* Light before me, 
 Darkness after me. 
 And may no one know whither I go." 
 
 Sits in church between stepsisters. Prince falls in love with her. — (6) Second 
 Sunday she gets dress of pure gold from pear, and third Sunday dress of 
 precious stones from plum. — (7) Prince runs after her as she leaves church, and 
 she loses one gold shoe. Prince will wed whomsoever it fits. All girls of high 
 or low degree must go to palace ; they sit behind curtain, and in turn hold 
 forth a foot. Shoe is too small for all except heroine. — (8) Prince puts aside 
 curtain, and finds princess in dress of precious stones. He marries her. 
 
 Ibid.^ pp. 236-44. From Hylten-Cavallius and Stephens, 302 
 
 Svenska Folk-Sagor och Afventyr. (Story from South Sma- 
 
 land.) 
 
 "The Princess in the Cavern." 
 
 (i) Heroine, a princess, is betrothed to prince. War breaks out, and king 
 has cavern excavated in the depths of a forest, and shuts heroine up in it, with 
 provisions, and a maid, a dog, and a cock. Heroine takes leave of her be- 
 trothed, who is to accompany king to battle, and makes him promise to wed 
 no one who cannot wash stains from certain handkerchief, and finish weaving 
 her gold web. — (2) King is killed in battle, and the enemy devastate his 
 land, burning royal palace. Prince returns to his own country ; seeks in vain 
 for heroine. — (3) For seven years she lives with her maid in cavern, doing 
 gold embroidery, and expecting king's return. Then, provisions being ex- 
 hausted, they kill the cock, and no longer can note flight of days. Servant 
 dies of grief. Heroine scrapes a hole with knife in cavern roof, and, after 
 three days, gets out. — (4) She dons servant's clothes, and sets out with dog. 
 After long wandering, she comes upon aged charcoal-burner, and promises to 
 help him work in return for food. From him she learns king's death. — (5) 
 When old man can give her no more work, he advises her to seek service at 
 king's palace. She sets forth, and comes to impassable sheet of water, and 
 sits down at its marge and weeps. Wolf runs out of forest, and says : 
 
 " Give me thy hound, 
 Then shalt thou cross over wave and ground." 
 
 Wolf devours dog, then says : 
 
 '* On my back set thee, 
 
 The waves shall not wet thee," 
 
4o8 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 and lands her on opposite shore, where stands royal palace of which her be- 
 trothed is master, having succeeded his father as king. — (6) He has been 
 urged to choose a queen, and having, after seven years' vain search for heroine, 
 concluded she must be dead, has issued proclamation that she should be queen 
 who could finish princess's gold web and wash stains from kerchief. No one 
 has been skilful enough to fulfil conditions. A young lady of rank has just 
 
 o 
 
 come to try, and to her heroine applies for employment, calling herself Asa- 
 She is engaged as waiting-maid. Young lady is unable to complete web.— 
 (7) One day, during her absence, heroine weaves a long piece, and acknow- 
 ledges to mistress that she has done it. She is accordingly made to finish 
 web ; but whenever king enters there is no one at the loom. Handkerchief 
 has now to be washed. Young lady cannot remove stains ; heroine washes it 
 for her. King inquires why young lady is never washing when he is present, 
 and she makes excuse : "I cannot wash linen while I must have red gold 
 rings on my fingers." Preparations are made for wedding. — (8) Bride falls ill 
 on wedding morning, and makes heroine don bridal dress, and red gold rings 
 and red gold crown, and ride to church in her stead. They come to bridge of 
 which it is foretold that it will break down if crossed by a bride not of royal 
 lineage. So princess says : 
 
 ** Stand firm, thou bridge wide ! 
 Two noble king's children over thee ride." 
 
 Prince asks what she says, and she pretends she is talking to Asa, her wait- 
 ing-maid. They reach spot where had stood the palace of heroine s father. 
 She says : 
 
 *' Here only thorns and thistles grow. 
 Where whilom gold was wont to glow. 
 Here litter now the neat and swine, 
 "Where once I served both mead and wine." 
 
 Same inquiry from prince, same answer. They come to lime-tree, and heroine 
 says : 
 
 ** Here art thou still, thou aged tree ! 
 Beneath thy shade my love once pledged his faith to me." 
 
 Same question, same answer. Presently she notices pair of doves flying, and 
 says : 
 
 " Here with thy mate thou shap'st thy flight, 
 "While I my true love lose to-night." 
 
 Same question and answer. They come to the cavern in the gloomy forest. 
 Prince bids heroine tell him some story as they ride. She sighs, and says : 
 
 *' Seven tedious years in the dark cave I pined, 
 Stories and riddles there passed from my mind. 
 Much ill, too, befell me, 
 I've helped to burn coal ; 
 Much ill have I sufl'ered ; 
 On a wolf I have ridden. 
 
THORPE. 409 
 
 To-day as a bride I go 
 In my mistress's stead." 
 
 Same question and answer. They reach the church, and heroine says : 
 
 " Here Mary was I named, the Rose and Star, 
 
 o 
 
 Now I am Asa called, my waiting-maid." 
 
 Procession enters church in great state, the musicians walking before. The 
 bridal mass having been read, and the king having exchanged rings with 
 bride, he clasps round her waist a silver girdle,^ which none but he can un- 
 lock. — (9) Returning to palace, heroine exchanges clothes with mistress. In 
 the evening king asks bride all the things she had said in the morning on way 
 to church, and each time she pretends she has forgotten, and must ask Asa, 
 her waiting-maid. But when he presently asks what she has done with the 
 girdle, slie knows naught of it, and pretends she has given it to waiting-maid. 
 Heroine is sent for, and appears wearing girdle, which only prince can unfasten. 
 Bride, seeing her falsehood exposed, leaves the palace in anger. — (10) King 
 recognises heroine, hears all that has befallen her, and marries her mid great 
 rejoicings. 
 
 {Note. — Thorpe cites two slightly different versions of the above story, also 
 from South Smaland, in the first of which it is a bear that carries heroine 
 over the water, on condition that she does not "name his name". In the 
 church prince gives the bride a pair of gloves and a gold apple. In the 
 second version heroine is shut up in a mountain by wicked stepmother, and 
 released by a wolf.] 
 
 Ibid.^ pp. 375-80. (From the Danish.) 303 
 
 "The Girl clad in Mouse-skin." 
 
 (l) Nobleman had daughter ; during war he hid her and dog inside mound ; 
 she was not to leave unless he came not for seven years. She spun and wove 
 for well-nigh that time, till food nearly gone ; she began to dig way out. She 
 and dog lived on mice, of whose skins she made cloak to cover gold dress. — 
 
 (2) At last she left mound ; wandered to cottage ; was told that owner of 
 manor-house was killed in war, leaving girl, of whom no trace could be found. 
 
 (3) Weeping, she went to manor-house where father had lived ; asked for 
 work. She was given menial place, all busy there over wedding of young 
 lord, now owner. — (4) Day before wedding, bride told her she was marrying 
 against her will ; asked her to wear bridal-dress and be wedded in her stead, 
 so that bride might wed man she loved. Girl agreed, when bride dressed ; 
 sent for her, and they exchanged clothes. — (5) On way to church girl sighed as 
 mound passed ; wept at sight of parents' portraits in church. Then, wedding 
 over, she harried to bride's chamber ; changed dresses, but kept ring on 
 finger. — (6) At wedding- ball bridegroom missed ring from bride's finger ; 
 
 iJSee note 65. 
 
4IO CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 she made excuse ; ran to girl, who would agree only to stretch forth hand 
 in dark. But bridegroom dragged her into ball-room, and saw she was 
 girl in mouse-skin dress. Then she threw dress off; stood in gold attire 
 lovely to look on ; told her story. — (7) Then bridegroom owned her as his 
 true bride, and she gave lands and money to the other, who married her true 
 love. 
 
 120 TuRiAULT, JEtude sur le langage Creole de la Martinique (pub- 
 lished in Bulletin de la Societe Academique de Brest, Second 
 Series. Vol. iii, pp. 99-101.) In QxqoXq patois. 
 
 " Cendrillon." 
 
 (i) Heroine ill-treated by stepmother, who makes her do menial work and 
 sit in chimney-corner, wherefore she is called *' Cendrillon". — (2) Sisters go 
 to a ball, and she must dress them. Left alone, she weeps, and a fairy appears 
 to comfort her, and by means of various transformations provides carriage and 
 servants to take her to ball. She touches Cendrillon with her wand, and her 
 rags turn to gorgeous clothes and shoes. Prince dances with her all the 
 evening, and she leaves at midnight. No one has seen her pass. — (3) Prince 
 sends servants to track her. She drops a shoe in her flight. — (4) Prince will 
 wed the owner. All the princesses and grand ladies try shoe in vain. Cen- 
 drillon wants to try also, and is laughed at. But shoe fits her, and fairy appears, 
 strikes her with wand, and she is clad as at the ball. — (5) Prince marries her. 
 
 121 J. TvEDT, Hornbdk^ Hj emmet og Skolen, Ugeblad for Born og 
 Ungdom, 1873. No. XXXII, p. 273. ("Said to have been 
 communicated by narrator's grandfather ; apparently retold 
 from Asbjornsen's tale in Nor. No. i." — Moltke Moe.) 
 
 (i) Man and woman have son and daughter. They are too poor to get a 
 skirt for daughter, and at last hollow out an oak-tree log as a petticoat for her. 
 Parents die, leaving only a cat and a dog for the children. Boy takes the 
 dog ; girl takes the cat. 
 
 [Story proceeds like No. 11, ** Karl Trsestak".] 
 
 201 Vernaleken, F. Th., Oesterreichische Kinder- und Hausmdrchen^ 
 etc, Wien, 1864. {= In the Land of Marvels^ p. 182.) 
 
 " Besom-Cast, Brush-Cast, Comb-Cast." 
 
 (i) Count Rudolf's wife, who has gold cross on brow, dies when daughter, 
 who has same sign, is twenty. Count goes in search of a second wife, telling 
 daughter that if within year and a day he finds no one with cross on brow, ha 
 
VERNALEKEN. VISENTINI. 4II 
 
 shall marry her. — (2) Count departs, and Adelaide confides plan of escape to 
 devoted servant. Sends carriages away during night laden with jewels and 
 dresses, and sets out with Gotthold and other servants. They reach city and 
 hire a house. Adelaide wishes to earn her living ; Gotthold finds her situa- 
 tion as kitchen-maid to Prince Adolf, telling head-cook, in whom he recognises 
 old friend, that she is his niece. Adelaide paints neck, face, and hands, brown, 
 hides hair and gold cross under cap, and puts on old, torn clothes. Has small 
 room allotted her. — (3) Prince gives ball. That morning, whilst Adelaide 
 is sweeping stairs, prince overturns sweepings, and, in anger at having boots 
 made dusty, throws besom at Adelaide. — (4) In evening she begs leave of cook 
 to assist at ball ; obtains permission, provided she returns early, and gives 
 part of what she receives to cook. Adelaide goes to Gotthold's dwelling, 
 dresses herself splendidly, and drives to prince's in fine coach. Prince dances 
 with her all evening, and asks her name and abode. ** Adelaide, from Besom- 
 Cast," she says. Returns to kitchen at midnight, having resumed disguise, 
 and gives cook three gold pieces. — (5) Prince cannot find Besom-Cast on map ; 
 wishing to learn more of beautiful lady, gives second ball. That morning 
 Adelaide, whilst brushing clothes, drops brush on prince's foot. He throws 
 brush at her head. — (6) Adelaide goes again to ball j prince says he cannot 
 find Besom-Cast, and she declares she said Brush-Cast. Returns at 
 midnight, and gives gold ring to cook. — (7) Prince cannot find Brush- Cast ; 
 gives a third ball. Vexed that beautiful lady does not appear, prince goes 
 downstairs ; Adelaide is combing her hair as he passes, and drops comb, which 
 he picks up and throws at her. — (8) She then dresses and enters ball-room. 
 Tells prince, who cannot find Brush-Cast, that she said Comb-Cast. Before 
 she leaves, prince, unnoticed, slips ring on her finger. — (9) Next morning 
 prince is ill, and orders broth. Adelaide begs leave to make it, and puts in 
 prince's ring. Prince finds it, asks who made broth, and sends for kitchen- 
 maid. She appears dressed as at ball, and is recognised by prince. — (10) 
 They are married. Father of Adelaide returns home and hears of it. 
 
 IsAiA ViSENTiNi, Fiabe Mantova?ie. Torino, Roma, 1879. ^P- 269 
 177-81. No. XXXVIII. {Canti e Racconti del Popolo Italiano^ 
 pubblicati per cura di Domenico Comparetti ed Allesandro 
 d'Ancona, vol. vii.) 
 
 "The Bear." 
 
 (l) King has an only daughter whom he loves very much, but will never 
 allow to go out, so that she is like a prisoner. — (2) Daughter is discontented, 
 and complains to nurse, who is a witch, and who says to her that her father 
 will be certain to grant any wish except letting her out. " Ask him for a 
 wooden cave and a bear-skin. Then come to me, and with my magic wand 
 I will make cave convey you whither you will ; and the bearskin will so dis- ^ 
 
 guise you that you will not be recognised." — (3) Heroine does as bidden, and 
 at a touch from the witch's wand cave goes in every direction, according to 
 heroine's wish. In this way she reaches a forest and hides herself amongst 
 
412 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 some bushes. — (4) Prince comes hunting, sees the bear, and sets his hounds 
 on it. Heroine, alarmed, cries out to him to call hounds off. Prince is 
 astonished, and offers to take her to his house. She accepts willingly. The 
 cave moves, and the prince's mother is surprised to see bear, who attends to the 
 house affairs better than any servant. — (5) Carnival-time arrives. Prince says 
 to his mother at table that he will go that night to the ball. Bear, under the 
 table, says, "Let me go too" ; prince, enraged, gives it a kick, and drives it 
 away. Prince departs, and bear begs queen to allow her to watch ball, pro- 
 mising she will hide herself so as not to be seen. Queen consents. Bear 
 runs to cave, tears off skin, and, by means of wand which witch has given her, 
 procures a dress like the moon, and a carriage and pair. Everyone at the ball 
 admires her, and prince dances with her. She hurries away and doffs finery. 
 Prince follows on horseback, hoping to track her, but a dense mist rises and 
 hides her from view. He tells mother about lovely stranger, and bear over- 
 hears and laughs. — (6) Next day hero ine appears at ball in dress like the sun. 
 Prince dances with her, but cannot get a word out of her. He tries to follow, 
 but loses sight of her on account of a sudden deluge of rain. Prince returns, 
 and bear overhears his talk to mother. — (7) Third night heroine goes to ball 
 in dress like the stars. Prince dances with her, and puts ring on her finger. 
 Heroine gets home in a twinkling, but a furious wind impedes prince. He 
 tells mother that he despairs of finding his love again ; bear listens and smiles. 
 — (8) He falls ill, and asks to have soup made for him, and says, " Mind that 
 bear has nothing to do with it ; each time I speak of my love it laughs, and 
 makes fun of me, and I cannot stand it. " — (9) Bear brings the soup, having 
 put ring in the bowl. Prince recognises ring ; bids bear take off skin, and 
 then sees the unknown beauty, still wearing dress like the stars. — (10) He pre- 
 sents her to his mother, and there is a grand wedding. 
 
 (I was there under the table. No one spoke to me. I ate plenty, though. ) 
 
 122 ^ Ibid. Story No. XLV. Pp. 202-205. 
 
 " La Cenerentola." 
 
 (i) There are three sisters, the youngest of whom is hated by the others 
 because of her great beauty. They call her " Cenerentola", and make her do 
 all the menial work. One day they buy some fine fish for themselves, and 
 amongst them a tiny little tench for heroine. They order her to cook fish for 
 their supper, telling her they are then going to a ball, and she must 
 remain at home. — (2) Heroine puts on her apron to wash dishes, when the 
 little tench leaps out of basket into sink-hole. She puts it back, saying, 
 " Poor me ! what a supper !" She cooks fish and serves it to sisters, who go 
 in splendour to the ball. Heroine, left alone, begins to weep, when she hears 
 noise in sink. She goes to see what it is, and finds tench coming out of the 
 hole, and is about to catch it, when all of a sudden she sees it no more, but 
 in its place a lovely lady, who says §he knows sisters ill-treat heroine, because 
 jealous of her beauty, but the time will come when they will bite their fingers 
 
VISENTINI. — VOLKSKUNDE. 413 
 
 in their rage. — (3) She then learns that heroine would like to go to ball, 
 and striking sink with her wand, causes to appear a magnificent dress of flame- 
 colour trimmed with gold and silver. Heroine dons this, and finds a carriage 
 waiting in the street to take her to ball. Prince falls in love with her beauty. 
 When she leaves he keeps her in sight, and follows her for some time. She 
 is frightened, and commends herself to her protectress, who, without showing 
 herself, whispers in her ear, *' Throw away the golden flower-bud, and the 
 prince will follow no more. " Heroine obeys, and whilst the prince is picking 
 up the flower-bud the carriage gets out of sight. Heroine dons usual clothes 
 on her return, and sisters, to make her jealous, tell her of beautiful lady at 
 ball. Heroine says, "That was I." "What are you muttering, stupid?" 
 *' Oh, nothing. I was talking to the cat." — (4) Next day sisters go again to 
 the ball. Heroine is feeling sad, when she hears noise in the water again, 
 and turning, sees her benefactress, who gives her dress like the sun, bidding 
 her return from ball at midnight, and if anyone follows, throw purse of money 
 out of carriage. Heroine goes to ball as before ; prince is still more entranced ; 
 she leaves a little before midnight. Prince has ordered servants to follow and 
 find out where she lives. Heroine scatters money, and vanishes whilst they 
 are picking it up. Again sisters tell of lovely stranger, and heroine says it 
 was herself, and gets same reproof. — (5) Third night heroine goes as before to 
 ball, wearing this time dress like the moon, and shoes spangled with jewels, 
 the like of which had never before been seen. She is told to throw one of 
 these shoes from carriage if she is followed again. King has told servants 
 that ill will betide them if they fail to follow her. But they lose sight of her 
 in picking up shoe, which they take to the prince, who determines to go from 
 house to house to find owner. — (6) In this way he comes at last to house of 
 the three sisters. Elder sisters try the shoe in vain. Prince asks if they have 
 not a sister. They say yes, but she is dirty and ugly, and certainly could 
 never wear a shoe only fit for a queen. Prince has her called, and she appears 
 dressed as at last ball, and wearing one shoe. — (7) Prince recognises her, and 
 takes her for his queen. Sisters bite their fingers with rage, as foretold. 
 
 Volkskunde^ Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Folk-lore onder 255 
 Redactie van Pol de Mont en Aug. Gittee (Antwerp, 1889), 
 ii, 201. (From " Land van Waas" Vlaamsch Belgie.) 
 
 " Aschekladdeken" (The Little Cinderella.) 
 
 ( I ) Heroine is ill-treated, while her sister is indulged and allowed to go to 
 balls beautifully dressed. Aschekladdeken's daily duty is to polish the hearth, 
 and, as soon as she has finished, her sister always comes and makes it dirty. — 
 (2) Once, when things have gone harder than usual, heroine cries bitterly, and 
 an old woman comes along and asks what is the matter. Heroine tells how 
 unhappy she is, and how her sister gets everything. Old woman bids her go 
 to-morrow night to the hollow tree, knock at it, and she will get a splendid 
 dress and a carriage in which to go to the ball. — (3) Heroine does so, and 
 
414 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 is the beauty of the ball. Returning to the trunk, her dress and carriage 
 disappear. — (4) All happens the same the next evening, but she loses one of 
 her golden shoes, and it is found by her sister, who cuts off her toes so as to 
 get it on. — (5) But she is so ill from this that she cannot go to the ball on the 
 third evening. Heroine goes, having got her slipper, and all the guests 
 imagine her to be a rich lady. When she gets home everybody is still up, 
 because her sister is so ill. — (6) Heroine is supposed to be a witch, and 
 is thrust back into the hearth. If she has not crept out, she must be there 
 still ! 
 
 123 Ibid.^ ii, 203. (By Mr. A. de Cock, of Denderleeuw.) 
 
 " Van df:n Koning en van Jenne, zijn zoet Liefken" 
 (A Tale of the King and of Jenne his Sweet Love). 
 
 (i) Woman has three daughters — Bet, Griet, and Jenne. Youngest is ill- 
 treated, and made to do all the dirty work, and is therefore called *' Skodde- 
 ken-Vuil" (Little Dirty-Slut). — (2) It is always fine when heroine takes sheep 
 to pasture, always wet when Bet takes them. One day Bet declines her 
 white wheaten bread and butter ; heroine asks to have it, and gives old man a 
 piece. In reward he draws a sheep, and tells heroine to knock at it when she 
 wants food. — (3) Next day Griet wants to take sheep to pasture. Again there 
 is dreadful storm. Jenne is therefore sent, and is given a scrap of bread-and- 
 butter. She goes off delighted, meets old man, and gives him some. He 
 draws a ixt&\populus alba) ; when heroine knocks at it she shall have a dress 
 like a queen's and a carriage-and -eight. — (4) There is a ball in king's palace. 
 Mother and sisters buy beautiful dresses. Heroine is abused for asking to go, 
 and must first polish heap of old iron. She sets to work, and there come to 
 help her as many angels as there are bits of iron. She knocks at poplar ; 
 beautifully clad, she drives to palace, and dances all night with the king. 
 Afterwards she returns everything to poplar, and asks mother who was fairest 
 at the ball. Mother tells of stranger who came unexpectedly. — (5) All happens 
 the same at second ball. Heroine is allowed to go after picking up every 
 grain of a large heap of wheat. As many angels as there are grains come to 
 help. When she is leaving ball king takes one of her shoes. "Never 
 mind!" says Jenne ; "where one shoe was made, two can be.'' King asks 
 whence she comes. " From the land where girls are not sought." He does 
 not understand. She drives home and asks mother same question as before. — 
 (6) After a time king comes and says to mother, *' You have three daughters?" 
 "No, only two." "Fetch them, then; for whoever can wear this shoe 
 must be queen." Bet cuts her heel and puts on shoe. King goes off with 
 her in carriage; but, as they pass poplar, bird sings, "Alas! Sir King, it is 
 not your sweet love little Jenne!" King says, "Is it not?" Bird repeats, 
 and king throws Bet into ditch. — (7) He returns for Griet, who cuts off her 
 toes. Bird denounces her in same words, and she is likewise thrown into 
 ditch. — (8) King bids mother confess on pain of death whether she has a 
 third daughter. Mother admits she has, but says she is too dirty to appear. 
 
VOLKSKUNDE. 415 
 
 King insists ; heroine is called, shoe fits her, king kisses her, and leads her to 
 carriage. As they pass poplar, bird sings, "Hail, Sir King! This is your 
 sweet love, little Jenne !" Heroine knocks at tree and gets a sky-coloured 
 velvet dress, a carriage, and eight prancing horses. They drive away, and if 
 they have not stopped, are still driving. 
 
 Ibid., ii, 208. 224 
 
 " Vuilvelleken" (Little Dirty-Skin). 
 
 (i) King has three daughters whom he loves exceedingly. Before journey- 
 ing afar, he asks each how much she likes him, and what therefore she would 
 like him to bring her. The first, loving him like gold, chooses a golden 
 spinning-wheel ; the second, loving him like silver, a silver gown ; the third, 
 loving him like salt, a lump of salt. — (2) The king is furious with the youngest, 
 and turns her out, for she shall no more be called his child. — (3) Heroine 
 comes to Antwerp, where an old wife meets her and says, '* I know you seek 
 employment. Go, therefore, to Lange State, and offer your services at No. 
 18, Anna Street, where they want a maid." Then she puts a box into 
 heroine's hand, saying, '* When you want to enjoy yourself, put this box into 
 the hollow tree that stands on the fortification-wall, and say, * Clothe me, 
 lovely robes ! away, dirty rags !' and you shall be clad like a princess." — {4) 
 Heroine gets the place, but has to do all manner of dirty work, and whenever 
 she fails her mistress strikes her over the hands with a flat piece of wood, 
 saying, " We are here in the land of Cadzand (or Pashant), where they smite 
 the palm of the hand with a wooden stick till the blood gushes out !" 
 Heroine gets as black as a moor over her dirty work, and is always called 
 Vuilvelleken or Vellekenvuil. — (5) A prince arrives and gives a ball, which the 
 mistress and her two daughters attend. Heroine goes to the hollow tree and 
 puts in her box. Immediately she is clad in a most beautiful dress, but a voice 
 says : 
 
 ** At twelve o'clock, when hoots the owl, 
 Your beautiful clothes will be ugly and foul." 
 
 She goes to the ball. The prince cannot keep her when the clock nears 
 twelve, so he asks whence she comes. " I come from the land of Cadzand, 
 where they smite the palm of the hand with a wooden stick till the blood 
 gushes out." But she is further delayed, and only rushes from the room as 
 the clock is striking, and she loses her shoe, which is found by the prince. — 
 (6) The next day, whilst Vuilvelleken is scouring and polishing, the prince's 
 messenger comes walking along the street holding up a little shoe, and crying, 
 "Whoever can wear this shoe, may have the prince, my master, for her 
 husband ! Whoever can wear this shoe, let her put it on !" ** All right," 
 says Vuilvelleken, ** let me try ; perhaps it may fit my foot !" The mistress 
 and her daughters burst out laughing. — (7) Nevertheless, Vuilvelleken puts 
 on the shoe and marries the prmce, and her father is invited to the wedding, 
 and forgives her everything. 
 
41 6 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 [Note.— A. variant is given (on p. 211, iOid.) in which the stepdaughter is 
 called " Asschepoester". An old wife befriends her, makes her fetch mouse- 
 trap from the loft, and changes it into a carriage. Two mice she changes 
 to horses, and two lucifer-matches to footmen. Then she breathes on 
 A.'s clothes, and A. stands arrayed in velvet and silk, with crystal shoes on 
 her feet.] 
 
 225 Ibid., ii, 267. 
 
 "Zoo GEREN AS Zout" (As much as Salt). 
 
 (i) King asks his three daughters how glad they are to see him. Eldest 
 answers, "As glad as to see the sun"; second says, ** I like you as the light 
 of my eyes"; and king is satisfied. But youngest daughter says, «' I like you 
 as much as salt," and king says she should be ashamed of herself for not 
 liking him better than salt, which is nearly valueless. — (2) He is very angry, 
 and drives her from home. — (3) Sometime afterwards, when a great festival is 
 being held at Court, heroine comes disguised as a page, greets the cook, 
 who had known and loved her from a child, makes herself known, and begs 
 that cook will put no salt in any of the dishes, that her father may be made 
 to realise its value. — (4) Consequently all the dishes — soup, meat, venison — 
 are so unappetising that king sends for cook, who comes in trembling. But 
 page steps in front of her and says, " It was by my order, O king, that cook 
 put no salt in the dishes." "And who are you?" says king. "Your 
 youngest daughter, who loved you like salt ; like salt, which you cannot 
 do without, and the value of which you did not know till now." King 
 acknowledges his injustice, and pardons heroine. 
 
 124 ViD VuLETic-VuKASOVic. Unpublished story from Spalatro, 
 Dalmatia, contributed by. (Narrated and written down in 
 Italian by Signorina Alodia Riboli.) 
 
 " La Cuzza tzenere."^ 
 
 (i) Mother and three daughters work for their living in the capital. In 
 year of great scarcity they are unable to earn enough to support them, and at 
 length determine that, as they sit together spinning, the one who drops 
 her spindle three times shall be killed and eaten by the others. Mother drops 
 hers thrice, and elder sisters bid heroine take hatchet and slay her. She 
 refuses to do so, urging that she shall not eat of mother's fllesh. — (2) One of 
 the sisters goes for hatchet, and, meanwhile, mother gives heroine a wand, 
 bidding her collect her bones when sisters shall have killed and eaten her, put 
 
 ^ A corruption oi cuccia=canile, dog-kennel, and cenere. Tz is pronounced 
 likelthe Slav, c or the Ital. soft z. See note 66. 
 
VULETIC-VUKASOVIC. 4I7 
 
 them away, and whenever in need or in danger to strike them with wand, and 
 she will obtain anything she requires. Mother is slain, and part of her body 
 is cooked for food. Elder sisters begin to eat, picking the bones, and throw- 
 ing them under the table, where heroine crouches in order to collect them. 
 After some days the whole body is devoured, and heroine has collected all the 
 bones in a handkerchief and put them under the hearth. She stoops over 
 them continually to guard them, and is therefore nicknamed " Cuzza tzenere". 
 — (3) It is carnival time, and elder sisters are going to ball. They get ready, 
 and, before leaving, give heroine three measures (each of 11.89 litres) of 
 millet to cleanse by their return, or they will beat her. Heroine, at first, 
 begins to weep, but, bethinking her of mother's promise, she strikes with 
 wand the handkerchief containing bones, and hears voice asking what it is 
 she wants. Heroine explains, and sees appear a crowd of birds, which 
 undertake to perform task, while she goes where she will. She washes and 
 combs herself, then uses wand again, and asks for a dress of fine fabric, 
 ornamented with suns. She gets dress and shoes to match, and in the court- 
 yard finds equipage with grandly dressed coachman. She drives to ball ; 
 king's son deserts all other girls to dance with her alone. He seeks to know 
 who she is and whence she comes, but she will reveal nothing. Before the 
 ball is over she leaves in her coach, strikes bones with wand to make dress 
 and equipage disappear, dons old gown, and sits by the hearth. Sisters 
 return, ask if she has done task, then tell her of beautiful foreigner. Heroine 
 sighs, and murmurs, "Suppose it was I !" and sisters say, "Get away ! you 
 ugly Cuzza tzeitere .'" — (4) Next day, before going to ball, sisters give her 
 four measures of corn to cleanse by their return. Heroine weeps at ill-treat- 
 ment, and again seeks aid of bones. A crowd of chickens appear to perform 
 task, while she goes to ball in dress ornamented with moons. All marvel at 
 her J king's son dances with her all the time, but tries in vain to discover who 
 she is and whence she comes. He orders his servants to follow when she 
 leaves, and find out about her ; but she goes before ball is over, throws hand - 
 ful of gold to detain pursuers, and drives quickly home. — (5) Third day 
 sisters give her thirty pounds of wool to card during their absence. She 
 applies to mother's bones for aid, and task is performed by a crowd of mice, 
 whilst she goes to ball in dress covered with stars. King's son calls aside one 
 of his servants, and bids him tar the door-post of the ball-room, so that when 
 heroine leaves first, as before, one of her shoes at least will remain sticking to 
 it. In this way heroine leaves left shoe behind, then gets into coach, and 
 again throws money to those who would follow. Sisters return, and have 
 same conversation with heroine. — (6) Next morning proclamation is made 
 that king's son will visit every family to try the shoe, promising to wed 
 whomsoever it fits. All the houses are visited, but shoe fits nobody. King's 
 son comes to house of three sisters, but heroine knows nothing of it. Sisters 
 don their best clothes to appear before king's son. Shoe is too narrow for 
 one, too short for the other. He asks if there are not other girls in the house, 
 and, noting their confusion in replying, commands that any girl in the house 
 be brought before him, no matter what she be. — (7) Sisters take some of their 
 own garments to heroine to make her presentable, but she spurns them, saying 
 
 E E 
 
41 8 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 she has no need of their rags, having things of her own to dress in. She gets 
 star- dress from mother's bones, and, with only one shoe on, appears before 
 king, who recognises her the instant he sees her, fits the other shoe on her, 
 and takes her to be his bride. 
 
 202 A. Waldau, Bohmischses Mdrchenbuch. (Translated from the 
 original of Bozena Nemcova.) Prague, i860. Pp. 502-18. 
 
 "The Princess with the Gold Star on her Brow." 
 
 (i) Lovely queen, with gold star on brow, dies when heroine is born. King;, 
 whose grief is excessive, will not look on child, who is very beautiful, the 
 picture of her mother, and called Lada, because she is so charming. After 
 several years the king is counselled to marry again. But he has promised his 
 deceased wife that he will only marry someone exactly resembling her. He 
 sets out with large retinue, and travels through the world in search of such a 
 one, but can find none with gold star on brow. — (2) On his return, daughter 
 rushes to meet him ; he sees the image of his wife with the star on her brow, 
 and he tells his daughter he must marry her. — (3) She is shocked, but treats 
 the matter as a joke, and says, " Yes, she will marry him if he gives her first a 
 dress made of the wings of golden-crested wrens." This is procured for a 
 large sum of gold ; then she asks successively for a dress like the sun, and 
 a dress like the sky covered with stars. These are both provided, and huge 
 diamonds take the place of stars. Lada is in despair. — (4) That night her 
 mother appears to her in a dream, makes known who she is, and gives her a 
 white veil woven of mist, which will render her invisible,^ then bids her pro- 
 vide herself a poor dress, and escape. Heroine wakes her maid early, and bids 
 her procure for her a cloak of mouse-skins that shall cover her from head to 
 foot. In three days the wedding is to take place. — (5) Heroine dons the 
 mouse-skin cloak, makes a bundle of her three dresses, and, with a kerchief and 
 the veil on her head, she wanders forth, till at length she reaches a town where 
 there is a royal palace. She resolves to seek service here. There is a grove 
 hard by with a little stream. Heroine raises a stone, and hides her bundle 
 and veil under it. A fish in the stream sees her, and she says, ** Don't you 
 tell anyone, little fish, but guard it well." On the way to the palace she soils 
 her face with ashes, knits her brow, and draws the kerchief down further over 
 it. The servants laugh at her appearance in the mouse-skin cloak, but at length 
 the cook takes compassion on her, and engages her as kitchen-maid on con- 
 dition that she keeps out of sight of the gentry. They call her "Little 
 Mouse-skins". — (6) King has an only son named Hostivit, whom he would fain 
 see married. Heroine hears him so much belauded that she is glad when he 
 one day passes by the kitchen, and she rushes out to look at him. There is a 
 three days feast to celebrate king's birthday. Heroine begs cook to let her 
 get a glimpse of the guests from some corner or other, and at last obtains 
 
 ^ See note 67. 
 
wAldau. 419 
 
 consent. She runs to the stone, washes in the stream, dons feather-dress, 
 then, with veil over her head, she goes unseen to ball-room. When she takes 
 this off, all wonder at her beauty. Prince dances with her, and asks who she 
 is and whence she comes. She replies, if he cares to see her he had better not 
 know who she is. She leaves at daybreak, promising to come next evening, 
 then returns dress to stone, speaks again to fish, who is looking on, and is back 
 at her place without servants seeing her enter. — (7) Every morning the prince's 
 valet has brought word what prince wishes for breakfast, but this morning he 
 does not care what they give him, he is in such high spirits. Cook says 
 prince must have fallen in love with some princess at the ball, and heroine 
 hears and blushes. — (8) She goes next night to ball in sundress, dances with 
 prince, and stays later than before, and everyone is astir when she returns to 
 her work. Cook is angry, and says she shall never go anywhere again, but 
 afterwards relents. Prince's valet says prince will eat nothing, and is as quiet 
 as the grave. — (9) Next night heroine appears at ball in star-dress. Prince's 
 face lights up when he sees her, but they are both too sad to dance, and. sit 
 apart talking. Prince wishes to marry her, but she cannot grant his request, 
 though she gives him her ring as pledge of her love, and he gives his in exchange. 
 She tells him that whoever brings his ring to him is a trusty messenger, who 
 will arrange a meeting between them . Then she leaves him sorrowing. Heroine 
 hides betrothal ring in her bosom, and returns with heavy heart to kitchen. — 
 (10) She finds a great commotion there, and asks cause. Cook says, does she 
 not know that prince is sick unto death ? Cook does not know which way to 
 turn. A servant rushes in with some remedy, which is to be cooked at once 
 for the prince. — (11) Heroine snatches it from his hand, puts it on the fire, as 
 soon as it is ready pours the healing draught into a jug, and is about to carry 
 it up. Cook says, what does she mean by going to prince in that skin ? Heroine 
 says, it is all right, he shall not see her, she will give it to valet. On the way 
 she drops in the ring. When prince finds it he sends for cook, and afterwards 
 for kitchen-maid, who resists, and has to be dragged in. She bows her head so 
 as not to be seen. Prince questions her, and she says she prepared the 
 draught, but knows nothing about ring. Then she goes ; but prince has been 
 struck with her noble bearing, in spite of ugly skin-dress, and has noticed her 
 small feet, and contrives how he may, unseen by her, watch her. — (12) It is 
 the custom of the place for all, rich and poor, to bathe a great deal, and for 
 this purpose there are two large baths in the palace-garden, one for the servants, 
 the other for the royal family. Prince goes secretly and bores a hole in the 
 wall of the women's bath-house, then returns to his room. Doctors are 
 amazed to see him so miraculously restored to health. That night he steals 
 out to the garden, goes to bath-house, and hides among the shrubs. Kitchen- 
 maid is the last to come and bathe. Prince watches at the hole. She takes 
 off skin, then the kerchief, and washes her face. The star gleams on her 
 brow ; prince can restrain himself no longer. "Lada, my Lada !" he cries, 
 and rushes from his hiding-place. Heroine, alarmed, for she knows his voice, 
 throws on the skin and kerchief, and rushes out. But he meets her in the 
 doorway, folds her in his arms, and kisses her. Then he says he will take her 
 to his father; but she will not go thus clad, and bids him wait. — (13) She 
 
 E E 2 
 
4^0 CINDERELLA VARlANtS. 
 
 goes to stone and finds her bundle, but the veil is missing, and the little 
 guardian is not there. But she does not mind now, and hurries back to 
 dressing-room, where she dons a royal garb. Then prince takes her before 
 his father, and for the first time she tells her parentage. — (14) Cook is storm- 
 ing in the kitchen because kitchen-maid is so long away. Suddenly a servant 
 comes to tell him prince has sent for him. Cook appears before prince and 
 his lovely future bride. *' Why have you had in the kitchen such an ugly, 
 smutty maid ?" asks the prince. Cook is alarmed, and says he would not take 
 her at first, only she pleaded so hard ; and he has never had a more faithful 
 or useful person in his kitchen, and her only fault is that she will wear that 
 mouse-skin, and smear her face with ashes. ** Your b^ame is just, and I am 
 grateful for your praise and for your kindly taking me. Your kitchen-maid will 
 reward you," says Lada, and he falls at her feet. She gives him a purse of 
 gold. — (15) The wedding over, heroine drives with bridegroom to palace 
 of her father, whom she fears to meet. But the night she escaped from him 
 his dead wife appeared to him in a dream, and convinced him of his evil pur- 
 pose, since when he has sought his lost daughter in vain. They all rejoice 
 together. 
 
 126 ^bid., pp. 638-55. 
 
 "The Three Sisters." 
 
 (l) In a certain town a man and wife have three daughters, named Baruska, 
 Dorotka, and Anuska. The elder are vain girls, and idle their time away 
 adorning themselves, whilst youngest must work for them. Mother also ill- 
 treats heroine, and makes a slave of her, whilst she indulges the elder girls. 
 Father asks daughters what he shall bring them from market. The elder two 
 choose brocades and stuffs, ribbons and pearls. Youngest says she wants 
 nothing but what hits father's hat on the way. — (2) Father buys the costly 
 gifts, and on way home through the wood his hat knocks against a nut-tree. 
 Then he remembers promise to heroine, and picks three nuts for her. She 
 hides them in her bosom, but that night, when bending down to dip water 
 from the well, the nuts fall in, and she is greatly distressed and weeps. A 
 frog jumps up and asks why, then dives and fetches them for her. He asks if 
 she knows what is inside nuts. Only a kernel, she supposes. ** Not at all," 
 says frog. *' There is a costly dress in each, and when you want to wear one 
 you can crack a nut." Frog disappears, and heroine cannot believe him, 
 though she will take great care of the nuts. At night she puts them in a 
 kerchief in the chest. — (3) Next Sunday sisters go to church in their finery, 
 and heroine must stay at home alone to cook the dinner. When she has put it 
 on the fire she sits down on the chest and weeps, and wishes she could go to 
 church. But her rags ! If only it were true what the frog said ! She will 
 crack a nut and see. She washes herself, then draws from nut a rose-coloured 
 dress trimmed with silver, a silver girdle, a white veil, a pearl diadem, and 
 white and silver shoes. Thus arrayed she leaves the house. On the threshold 
 she sprinkles herself with holy water, and says, " Mist before me, mist behind 
 
WALDAU. 42 1 
 
 me, God Almighty above me! Little angels, guardian angels, protect the 
 house whilst I'm away." In the church all make way for her, and she sits by 
 her sisters, who cannot take their eyes off her splendid clothes. The young 
 king of the land is in church, and is greatly struck with the lovely lady, but 
 none can tell him who she is. He means to watch her leave, but she is off 
 and away before prince can follow her. She doffs her clothes and returns them 
 to chest ; dinner is ready, and parents and sisters return. Sisters try to make 
 her envious by telling her of lovely lady. — (4) Heroine says she saw her too 
 from the pear-tree. Pear-tree is cut down. — (5) Next Sunday all happens as 
 before ; heroine goes to church in sky-blue dress covered with pearls and 
 diamonds, a diamond coronet, white veil, and white shoes. Everything as 
 before. She looks towards prince, and blushes to meet his glance. She hurries 
 away after service ; prince fails to follow her. — (6) She tells sisters she watched 
 princess from the top of wicket, which is then torn down. — (7) Third Sunday 
 heroine wears pearl- coloured dress embroidered with gold, a golden-bordered 
 veil, a diadem of rubies, and gold-embroidered shoes. Everything as before. 
 Prince will not be baffled this time ; he has contrived it cunningly. Two 
 waggons laden with fir- trunks are stationed near the church, and the men 
 have orders to strew the road with fir-branches the moment the lady has 
 entered the church. The prince counts on catching her before she can get 
 over the trunks. On leaving church she sees a great heap of wood outside. 
 But that is nothing to her ; she springs over the fir- trunks, shakes out her 
 dress, and is away. Only, one of her shoes is left behind among the branches. 
 — (8) Prince follows after her and picks up shoe. An old beggar woman 
 comes up to him whispering she knows who the lady is, and points to the 
 house she comes from. Beggar is gone before he can look round. Mean- 
 while heroine has put away her splendid clothes, weeping, and almost wishing 
 she had never worn them. — (9) Sisters return, and whilst they are at dinner 
 a carriage-and-four drives up with the prince inside. Father hurries to him, 
 and prince asks if it is true that he has a daughter. Mother winks to father, 
 and replies. Prince says he has picked up a shoe, and has vowed to wed 
 whomsoever it fits. Where is the daughter ? Mother says girl is very shy, 
 and would not try it on in his presence. She will take it to her. She goes 
 to elder daughters, and says one of them will be a princess. — (10) Eldest 
 daughter cuts off heel, puts on shoe, and mother leads her to prince, who 
 does not recognise her, but puts her in the carriage with her mother. On 
 the way the little dog who goes everywhere with him, begins barking: ** Bow- 
 wow-wow ! Our master is bringing home a heelless wife." " What's that ?" 
 asks the prince. Dog repeats ; then he turns to Baruska, and bids her take 
 off shoe. She does so, disclosing a bandaged foot. — (11) Mother says the 
 right daughter would not come, but sent her sister. They turn back. Mother 
 takes shoe to second daughter, who cuts off big toe. On the way home with 
 prince dog barks, ** Bow-wow-wow! Our master is bringing home a toeless 
 wife." He makes her take off shoe, then turns back with mother and 
 daughter. Mother says there is only a servant-girl in the house besides. She 
 is sent for, and prince shakes his head. — (12) At last father confesses that 
 they have another daughter, but she never sees people— she is too dirty. She 
 
422 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 is to be called. Mother and sisters are furious. Heroine is sitting on the chest 
 n the garret, weeping as though her heart would break. Fathel- comes to 
 fetch her ; tells her how sisters have been brought back again, and now she 
 must go to prince. Father is astonished when she dons pearl dress. They 
 go before the prince, who is overjoyed to recognise heroine. All want to 
 know whence she obtained her gorgeous dresses, and she tells them every- 
 thing. Sisters, seeing she is a great princess, fall on her neck weeping, as 
 though sorry to lose her. When she steps into the carriage little dog jumps 
 about and barks : " Bow-wow-wow ! Our master is bringing a lovely wife 
 home." — (13) Mother and daughters rail at father, and scold him for giving 
 magic nuts to youngest daughter. He declares he knew nothing of their 
 contents. They insist that he shall give similar ones to them. He determines 
 to go to same tree, pick them some nuts, then go to his youngest daughter. 
 They snatch nuts from him, crack them, and out of each comes a snake, three 
 ells in length, which twines round the neck of each and strangles her. They 
 fall to the earth, which opens and swallows them up. 
 
 J. Storm Wang, Ti Norske Eventyr. Throndhjem, 1868. 
 
 "Guldi'anska" (Golden Glove). 
 
 (A second-hand transla' ion of *' Finette Cendron", Cabinet des 
 Fees, iii, 108.) 
 
 304 Rev. Wentworth Webster, ^rt!i-^2/f Z(?^^;2^i-. London, 1877. 
 
 Pp. 158-65. 
 
 " Ass-skin." 
 
 ( i) Young girl, named Faithful, is engaged as servant by king and queen, and 
 lives seven years with them. King gives her all the keys, even that of 
 treasury. One day, when king and queen are out, Faithful goes to fountain, 
 and thence sees seven robbers leaving palace. Runs to treasury and finds 
 treasure missing. King and queen return ; she tells them what has happened ; 
 but is disbelieved, and kept a year in prison. King condemns her to death, 
 and sends her into forest with four men, who are to bring back her heart. — 
 (2) Men take pity on her, and, seeing ass, say they will take its heart instead 
 to king. Heroine bids them flay ass, that she may wear its skin. — (3) Men 
 return to king, and heroine, seeking shelter, comes at nightfall to beautiful 
 house, and is engaged as goose-girl. It is a king's house, and dwelt in by 
 queen-mother and her son. — (4) After some time old woman appears, tells 
 heroine she has done penance enough, and is to ask permission to go to festival 
 given by king's son, and bring her mistress all the news of ball. Old woman 
 gives her nut containing dress, etc. ; she is to break it on way to ball— (5) 
 That evening heroine obtains permission to go, and on the way finds in nut a 
 silver robe, which she dons. Young king admires her, and dances with her 
 
WEBSTER. 423 
 
 all the evening. He is called aside for a moment, and heroine escapes home 
 and tells queen about girl who has fascinated king. Queen taunts her son on 
 his return, and says, Ass-skin, who was there, has told her all. — (6) King 
 finds heroine, and gives her two blows with slippers, saying he will kill her if 
 she goes again to ball. Heroine minds her geese ; old woman appears, gives 
 her walnut containing dress, and says she must go again that evening to ball, 
 and if king asks her name, say **Braf-le-mandoufle". — (7) Queen warns her that 
 king will kill her if she is seen, but grants permission. She goes wearing 
 golden dress. King asks why she left him last evening, and inquires her name. 
 Finally, she escapes as before, and tells queen, who again taunts her son. — 
 (8) King threatens Ass-skin, and gives her two kicks with slipper. — (9) All 
 happens third time has before ; old woman has given peach containing dress 
 of diamonds. At ball, king obtains heroine's promise of marriage, and puts 
 diamond ring on her finger. She escapes as before, and is telling everything 
 to mistress, when the king enters, and is mocked at by queen. — (10) King 
 goes to bed ill. Queen one day suggests, " Can the lost lady be Ass-skin herself?" 
 king must look at her. Ass-skin makes broth for him, and puts ring in middle 
 of bread. Queen has her well dressed, and she goes to king, who is doubtful 
 about her till he finds ring. — (ii) Then they are to be married directly, and 
 all neighbouring kings are invited. — (12) During wedding- feast bride is asked 
 to relate some news, but says what she could tell would not please all present. 
 King draws sword, and says any who speak shall be slain. Heroine tells her 
 own story, and says king who ordered her death is present. Bridegroom slays 
 him. — (13) Hero and heroine live happily, and have two children. The first 
 dies at the age of seven, telling parents he must go and prepare home for them 
 in heaven. In another week girl dies also, saying she goes to keep home in 
 heaven. In a year both parents die and go to heaven. 
 
 Ibid,, p. 165. 226 
 
 (i) A king's son proposes to marry one of three daughters of another king. 
 This king asks daughters how much they love him. Eldest says, ** As much 
 as my little finger"; second says, "As much as my middle finger." — (2) 
 Youngest daughter says, **As much as bread loves salt." Father, enraged, 
 sends her with two servants into forest to be killed. — (3) They spare her, and 
 carry horse's heart to king. — (4) Heroine lives in forest on plants brought by 
 birds, and flowers brought by bees.^ — (5) King's son, while hunting, finds her 
 there, takes her home, and marries her. — (6) At wedding-feast heroine gives 
 father bread without salt, then discovers herself. Two sisters remain old 
 maids. 
 
 \Note. — In a story given pp. 22-32, ibid., the hero is unjustly censured by 
 his father, who ** would like to eat his heart, half-cooked, and without salt". 
 Hero invites father to his wedding, and serves him a sheep's heart, half- 
 cooked, and without salt.] 
 
 1 See note 68. 
 
424 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 203 Ibid., p. 165. 
 
 (i) Dying queen exacts promise that husband's second wife shall be her coun- 
 terpart. — (2) Daughter resembles dead mother, and takes counsel of godmother 
 how to escape father. She bids her demand wedding-gown made of flies' 
 wings ; but this impossibility is performed. — (3) Daughter escapes (in one 
 version, in a ship, in another, on foot), and takes place as servant. — (4) King 
 gives ball. Old woman gives heroine nuts with dresses, etc. 
 
 [This tale ends, presumably, in the usual way, but only the opening is 
 \y&a..—M. R. C] 
 
 256 Ibid., pp. 166-7. (Narrated by Louise Laniisse.) 
 
 . "The Stepmother and the Stepdaughter." 
 
 (i) Daughter bids widowed father marry again, that she may see him 
 happy. lie does so, and consents to give wife full power over daughter. — (2) 
 Stepmother gives daughter keys of king's house, which is near, persuading 
 her, for her own good, to enter king's chamber at night, and, without waking 
 him, bring her his sash. Daughter obeys reluctantly, and returns with king's 
 girdle. —(3) Next night she is sent for king's watch-chain ; but, while taking 
 it, she is frightened by king's moving in bed, and runs off, losing shoe at 
 door of chamber. — (4) King proclaims that he will wed whomsoever shoe fits, 
 and makes trial first amongst the rich, but comes eventually to house of 
 Heroine's father. His suite try to dissuade king from visiting poor folk, but he 
 p'irsists. — (5) Stepmother tells king she is ashamed to receive him in her bed- 
 room. There she shows him heroine beautifully dressed, but with only one 
 shoe on. King marries heroine, and takes father and stepmother to live at 
 palace. 
 
 204 W. Weryho, Podania lotewskie (Contes lettes). Warsaw, 1892. 
 Pp. 13-16. (Taken down in 1886 in the district of Lucyn.) 
 
 _ (i) Father seeks to marry daughter. — (2) She goes, to mother's tomb; 
 
 mother bids her demand from father talking-sticks, a ball of mist, and a 
 sledge of wind. Father procures all. — (3) Heroine consents to the marriage, 
 but says she must first go to the bath.^ There she places the four talking- 
 sticks, throws the ball, and escapes in the sledge enveloped in mist. Father, 
 goes to bathroom door; sticks tell him he must wait. — (4) Not finding 
 daughter, father sends his dog after her to bring him her heart. The good 
 dog takes back the heart of a hare. — (5) Heroine reaches a marvellous oak- 
 tree, and enters it. Then s-he goes to the queen, seeks service, and is engaged 
 as swineherd. — (6) When king's son is dressing, heroine takes him first some 
 
 It is customary with the Letts to take a hot bath. — Dr. Karlowicx, 
 
WERYHO. — WLISLOCKI. 4^S 
 
 water, then a towel, and thirdly, some straw for his boots^ each time he beats 
 her, because she is so dirty.-(7) On Sundays heroine runs to her oak, gets 
 magnificent clothes, and goes in her sledge to church. On leavmg, she 
 covers herself in mist. In answer to prince's three questions whence she 
 comes, she says, - From Spilt- water"; - From Towel-beat"; - From Straw- 
 beat."-(8) Prince has tar spread in front of church, and on third Sunday 
 heroine loses her shoe. Search is made throughout the kingdom for the 
 owner —(9) Prince recognises heroine whilst she is washing up the duhes, 
 for as she stoops, her splendid clothes, which she has kept on, show beneath 
 her rags. He marries her. 
 
 WLISLOCKI, Dr. Heinrich von, Mdrchen und Sagen der Buko- 305 
 zvinaer und Siebenbiirger Armenier. Aus eigenen und fremden 
 Sammlungen iibersetzt. Hamburg, 1892. Pp. SS'S^- No. XXII. 
 
 "KoNiG Ambanor und das Waisenmadchen."2 
 (I) Many thousand years ago lived handsome young king, whose might and 
 happiness surpassed that of the Babylonian King Pharaoh himself. His 
 ministers often urged him to marry, but he always replied that he wished to 
 serve his country and his God, and had no time for a wife. At length they 
 insist on his marrying, if he would remain king over them.— (2) But King 
 Ambanor, havirg no intention of marrying, bethinks him of an artifice, and 
 declares his willingness to carry out their wish. But he will only have to wife 
 a girl who, at a distance of one hundred paces, can knock the crown off his 
 head with an apple ; for only such a one would be worthy and competent to 
 share the throne. On New Year's Day all marriageable girls in the land are to 
 assemble in the large meadow before the royal residence, and make the cast 
 at the crown. So it happens ; but not one of the girls succeeds. Most of them 
 throw the apple over king's head, being afraid of hitting his face, and losing 
 their lives according to law.-(3) When all have tried, King Ambanor asks, 
 cheerfully, if there is any girl left who has not yet thrown. " Yes, says 
 a voice, and from behind a bush steps forth a thickly- veiled tall girl, entirely 
 
 1 The Lithuanian and Lett peasants wear very large boots in winter, and 
 put a little straw inside to make them extra warm.— Z?r. Karlowicz. 
 
 2 This mdrchen is, in the words of Hanusch, "one of the most important 
 reminiscences of Armenian mythology', for in King Ambanor is hidden the 
 name of the ancient Armenian Spring- goddess, Amanora, to whom also 
 points the flower-decked maiden. The festival of this Spring-goddess was 
 celebrated at the New Year, when the fruits grown in the year were offered to 
 her A faint reminiscence of the festival is figured in the custom of the 
 Transylvanian Armenians of preparing on New Year's Day a dish called 
 ddldusi, composed of nuts, poppy, raisins, and lemons, which is consecrated 
 by the priest, and shared as a New Year's gift among friends and acquaint- 
 ances. 
 
426 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 covered in exquisite flowers, so that no part of her clothes is seen. She steps 
 up to the mark, takes out a diamond apple, and throws. King Ambanor's 
 crown falls to the ground. The people cheer ; but when they would lead her 
 to the king, the girl has disappeared, no one knows whirher. — (4) King 
 is vexed, for he was curious to see the face of the veiled maiden. He orders 
 search to be made for her in every direction. No one, however, can find her. 
 He is still more annoyed, and one day has all girls again assembled in 
 meadow to throw at his crown. But ngain no one hits it. At length the 
 veiled and flower-decked maiden appears. Once more she throws a diamond 
 apple, and, as the crown falls to the ground, vanishes. She is sought in vain 
 throughout the land. — (5) A third time king assembles all marriageable girls to 
 throw at his crown. All happens as before. But when king, full of vexation, 
 picks up the diamond apple, the face of a most lovely girl looks forth at him 
 as from a mirror. He is well pleased, and exclaims that she and none other 
 shall be his bride. All are to come and gaze at her picture. None know 
 who she is. — (6) King is inconsolable, shuts himself up, and will speak to 
 none ; or he ranges the forests, hunting. On one occasion night overtakes 
 him on a mountain. He sees a hut in which he thinks to pass the night. He 
 enters, and sees a hideous old woman sitting at the hearth with her two 
 hideous daughters. He asks for night's lodging, the which old woman only 
 grants on learning that he is King Ambanor. He is weary, and stretches 
 himself on the straw bed, but cannot sleep ; for all night long the old woman 
 is holloaing and raging outside in the kitchen like mad. Now and then he 
 hears a soft-toned voice in the midst of the scoldings. — (7) Next morning, 
 before leaving, he rewards old woman and her daughters, and then asks who 
 it was she was scolding last night. Old woman complains that she has a 
 good-for-nothing stepdaughter in the house, who imagines herself to be more 
 beautiful than her own daughters, and now is quite off her head, and feeds an 
 owl with old woman's scanty bread, declaring that it gave her three diamond 
 apples. King is full of curiosity, and says, "Your daughters are indeed 
 lovely. I'd give something to see the girl who imagines herself lovelier. 
 Let's see her." Old woman shouts into kitchen, " Come here, you dirty 
 baggage !" And, clad in rags, a lovely girl steps in. King cries out that he 
 has been seeking her, embraces her, and says she shall be his wife, leads her 
 home, and lives happily with her, and reigns to his life's end. 
 
 F. Wolf, Proben Portugiesischer und Catalanischer Volksromancen. 
 Wien, 1856. P. 43. (Aus dem Marzhefte des Jahrganges 
 1856, der Sitzungsbtrichte der phil. hist. Classe der Kais. 
 Acadei7iie der Wissenschaften, xx, 17.) 
 
 " ASCHENPUTTEL." 
 
 i^QQ Mild y Fonfanals^ No. 76.) 
 
WOYCICKI. 427 
 
 K. W. WoYCiCKi, Polish Fairy Tales. Warsaw, 1850. 126 
 
 Vol. ii, p. 52. 
 
 "The Oak-tree and the Sheepskin." 
 
 (i) A handsome princess had a cruel father. She ran away from home, 
 put on a dirty sheepskin, and went in search of service. — (2) She hired herself 
 as a scullery -maid to the queen in the neighbouring kingdom. The queen had 
 a son whom she urged to take a wife ; but the prince could not find one to 
 his liking. — (3) On Sunday Sheepskin wanted to go to church. The queen 
 brought out a pot full of poppy-seed and ashes, mixed together, and told her 
 to separate them ; after doing this she might go to church. The girl wept. 
 Two doves flew up to her and said, *' Do not weep ; go to sleep on the grass ; 
 we will do the work for you, and there will be time to go to church." She 
 fell asleep. When she awoke she found that her task was ready. She took it 
 to the queen, and then ran to the forest. — (4) On the road she met the prince, 
 who had dropped 'his whip. She picked it up and gave it to him ; but the 
 prince, annoyed at her ugly appearance, instead of thanking, struck her with 
 it. She ran on screaming. — (5) In the depth of the forest there stood a large 
 oak-tree. The girl struck the oak-tree with her hand, and said, ** Open, oak- 
 tree, and let me have a fine dress, carriage, and servants." Instantly she had 
 all she wanted, and drove to church. All were surprised at her beauty. The 
 prince sent his servant to ask her for her address. She answered, "From 
 Pick-up- whip." The prince searched, but could not find such a place. — 
 (6) On another occasion the same thing happened. Going to the forest. 
 Sheepskin met the prince, who had lost his ring, and was looking for it. She 
 found it and gave it him. Instead of thanking, the prince pushed her away. 
 In the church, when asked for her address, she said, "From the Gold-ring." 
 — (7 ) On the third occasion the queen did not give Sheepskin any task to do. 
 She drove to church as usual. Before the service was over the prince ordered 
 some pitch to be poured on the steps and on the footpath. One of Sheep- 
 skin's shoes stuck in the pitch ; frightened at this, she jumped into the 
 carriage, and quickly drove to the forest. There the oak-tree opened, and 
 carriage, servants, and fine dress disappeared into it. Sheepskin, in her ugly 
 covering, returned home. — (8) The prince could not find the owner of the 
 shoe. Sad and gloomy, he walked about. One day a pair of snow-white 
 doves flew up to him and said, " Do you recollect who picked up your whip 
 and found your gold ring? The shoe will fit her foot." The prince ordered 
 Sheepskin to be fetched. When she came a magnificent dress could be seen 
 under her covering, and she had only one shoe on. — (9) The prince recognised 
 and married her. 
 
428 CINDERET.T,A VARIANTS. 
 
 205 WoYCiCKi, Polnische Volkssagen imd Mdrchejt, translated into 
 German by Friedrich Heinrich Lewestam. Berlin, 1839. 
 Bk. iii, No. VIII, pp. 120-30. 
 
 '* Die Geschwister" (Brother and Sister). 
 
 (i) Brother and sister are orphans, and posse-s a rich kingdom. Sister is 
 so lovely that brother wants to marry her. She is horrified. He says he will 
 go into the world and seek a maiden as lovely as herself for his bride, but if 
 none such can be found, he will return and marry her. She promises to do 
 his will. — (2) After seven years' vain search he returns, and tells sister to fulfil 
 her promise. In order to delay the wedding, she demands a dress like the 
 moon with stars. He brings it her, and she demands one like the sun. This 
 also is procured, and then she demands a little carriage in which she can 
 travel whither she will without being seen. With the help of a magician this 
 is obtained. — (3) Then heroine goes to her room, sends her maid away, and, 
 standing in the carriage, begins putting on her lovely clothes. She says all 
 the time, whilst dressing : 
 
 " Open, earth ! open wide ! 
 
 For to be a brother's bride 
 
 Is an awful sin." 
 
 "When she is clad for the weddirg, the earth opens and swallows girl and 
 carriage. — (4) In descending, she spits on the ground, and commands spittle 
 to speak^ in the voice of her maid. The impatient brother sends a servant to 
 ask why tarries the bride. Servant knocks at the door, and asks if the prin- 
 cess is nearly ready. Spittle answers : "She has just put on one stocking." 
 Soon he knocks again, and says : *' The guests wait ; the bridegroom waits ; 
 is not the princess leady ?" Spittle answers : "Now she has just put on her 
 dress ; she is nearly ready." Evening comes on, and a thick mist covers 
 the earth. — (5) The impatient brother knocks and calls in vain, at last breaks 
 open the door, and steps with his followers into the room. When he asks 
 after his sister, spittle says, "Your sister has already gone below. This is 
 what she left you : 
 
 ' Open, earth ! open wide ! 
 
 For to be a brother's bride 
 
 Is an awful sin.' " 
 
 1 27 Rev. a. H. Wratislaw, Sixty Folk-tales [Southern Slavonians : 
 Bulgarian Stories]. London, 1880. Story No. XXXVII, 
 pp. 181-86. 
 
 " Cinderella." 
 
 (i) A number of girls were spinning round a deep chasm and telling tales 
 to each other. A white-bearded old man tells them that if one drops her 
 
 See note 69. 
 
Wratislaw. 4^9 
 
 Spindle into the chasm her mother will become a cow. The most beautiful 
 girl dropped her spindle into the chasm. Her mother becoming a cow, her 
 father married a widow with a daughter. — (2) The stepmother, out of spite, 
 allowed the girl neither to wash, comb her hair, nor change her clothes. One 
 day she sent her out with the cattle, and gave her a quantity of tow to yarn by 
 eventide, or she would kill her. The cow, which was her mother, saw her 
 crying over her task, and spun the tow by chewing it, the yarn coming into 
 her ear, from which the girl reeled it. The next time the stepmother gave her 
 as much tow again, and the cow produced the yarn. — (3) The third time the 
 stepmother gave her still more tow, and sent her own daughter to see how it 
 was done. Th's she saw, and told her mother. The stepmother then urged 
 her husband to kill the cow ; he at last promised to kill her on a certain day. 
 The girl secretly told ihe cow of this promise. — (4) The cow told the girl not 
 to eat any of the flesh, but to collect the bones and bury them behind the 
 cottage ; then, if she wanted help, she was to go to the grave. One day the 
 cow was killed and the flesh boiled, and the girl did as the cow had directed 
 her. The girl's name was Mary, but now they put all the work in the cottage 
 upon her, and the stepmother nicknamed her "Pe:elezka" (Cinderella). — 
 (5) One Sunday, before going to church, her stepmother scattered millet on the 
 ground, and told Cinderella to pick it all up and get dinner ready, or she 
 would kill her. She thought of the cow's word, and went to the grave for 
 assistance. She there saw an open box filled with rich clothes, and on the lid 
 two white pigeons. These told Cinderella to put the clothes on and go to 
 church while they picked up the millet and got the dinner ready. She took 
 the upper clothes, which were of pure silk and satin. People in the church 
 marvelled at her beauty and her dress, and most of all did the emperor's son 
 marvel at her. When service was ended she ran quickly home, undressed, 
 put the clothes in the box, which then vanished. She found the dinner done 
 and the millet gathered. — (6) Next Sunday a larger dish of millet was scattered, 
 and she was told to perform the same task as before. Upon going to the 
 grave of the cow she found the two pigeons and the box with the dresses. 
 She put on a dress of puie silver and went off to church. The emperor's son 
 again did not take his eyes off her. She stole away home, undressed as 
 before, and found all ready. — (7) The third time the stepmother scattered 
 thrice as much millet, and told her to perform the same task. She went to 
 the grave, found the two pigeons there and the box of dresses. Arraying 
 herself in a dress of pure gold, she went to church. The emperor's son planned 
 to follow her, and as she was pushing through the crowd she lost one of her 
 shoes, whith the emperor's son secured. She reached home, and found all 
 ready as before.— (8) The emperor's son disguised himself, and went from 
 cottage to cottage to try the slipper on, to find out whose it was. It did not 
 fit anyone, until at last he came to Cinderella's cottage. — {9) The stepmother 
 concealed Cinderella under a trough, and put forward her own daughter. The 
 shoe did not fit, and the stepmother declared there was no other girl in the 
 house. — (lo) The cock flew on to the trough and called out, " Cock a-doodle- 
 doo ! pretty girl under the trough." The emperor's son took the trough off, 
 and there was the girl he had seen at church, only on one foot she had no 
 
430 ClNDEkELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 shoe. He tried his shoe on, and it fitted exactly. — (li) He took her by the 
 hand, married her, and punished the stepmother for her evil heart. 
 
 ^QQyZbidr wiadomosci do antropologji Krajowej (Collection de materi- 
 ^^ — aux pour I'antropologie nationale), 15 volumes. Cracow, 1877- 
 
 92. Vol. ii, pp. 149-51. (From the neighbourhood of Dob- 
 szyn, Government of Plock ; taken down by A. Petrow.) 
 
 "Krolowna sa Popielucha"! (The Princess as Cinderella). 
 
 (i) Widowed king wants to marry his own daughter. — (2) She demands 
 '^ and obtains from him various objects, like the moon, the stars, the sun. 
 Then she asks for a cloak of lice, which is also provided. — (3) Heroine soils 
 her face, dons the cloak, and goes to palace of neighbouring king, persuading 
 cook to hire her as scullion.— (4) On Sunday king's son wants his comb ; 
 heroine takes it more quickly than his lackey ; prince gives her blow on the 
 neck. She hies to oak-tree, where she has hidden her fine clothes, dresses, 
 and drives to church in magnificent coach. Prince sends to ask whence she 
 comes. **I am Madam Comb," she replies. — (5) Second Sunday same in- 
 cidents with towel ; and on third Sunday with shirt. — (6) Prince has tar 
 spread, and heroine's shoe remains sticking in it. — (7) A grand ball is given, 
 and vain search made for the lady who owns the shoe. At last they go to the 
 kitchen to try it. — (8) Heroine is recognised, and prince marries her. 
 
 130 Ibid.^ vol. V, pp. 230-32. No. XXXV. (Conte des montagnards 
 polonais des Beskides [Gallicie]. Taken down in dialect by 
 W. Kosinski, 1872-80; from the neighbourhood of Skawa, 
 district of Myslenice, near to Cracow.) 
 
 (i) A cruel mother turns her three daughters out into the forest. — (2) The 
 two elder, who are supposed to be good girls, frequent the neighbouring 
 castle, and enjoy themselves. — (3) The youngest serves an ogress, murders 
 her, then lives with her sisters as cook. — (4) She also goes to the ball 
 beautifully dressed, by the aid of a magic horse, and is admired much more 
 than her sisters. — (5) In order to catch her, the lord of the castle has some 
 wax spread ; one of her shoes sticks to it. — (6) Search is made for owner of 
 shoe. — (7) Elder sisters cut off their toes ; but the youngest is recognised, 
 and becomes the wife of the lord of the castle. — (8) The two sisters kill 
 themselves out of vexation. ^ 
 
 ^ Popielucha = Cinderella, ixova. popiol^ cinder. 
 
 2 Ibid.y vol. xii, p. 32-33. In Samogitie, district of Rosienie, Government 
 of Kowno, there was a story told, circa 1850, closely resembling the Polish 
 versions of Cinderella. The name of Cinderella in Lithuanian is Pelendrusis 
 
2BI0R WIADOMOSCI DO ANTROP. KRAJOWEJ. 43 1 
 
 Ibid.^ vol. xi, pp. 81-83. (Taken down in 1886 by S. Olszewski, 20T\ 
 in the district of Olkusz, Government of Ki'elce.) ^^"-~-_- 
 
 "O Myszej Skorce" (Mouse-skin). 
 
 (i) Widowed king wants to marry his daughter. She weeps and groans. — 
 (2) The Virgin in the form of an old woman appears to her, and bids her 
 demand from father a moon-dress, a sun-dress, and a dress of mouse-skins 
 which will cover her completely, only showing her eyes and nose. — (3) When 
 father has provided everything she weeps anew ; Virgin appears again, makes 
 her pack up the dresses and don the mouse-skins, then, throwing to the ground 
 a thread which turns to mist, she bids her take to flight. — (4) Heroine takes 
 service as scullion at palace of neighbouring king. Cook twice sends her 
 to king to take him a towel and a brush ; each time the king scolds and strikes 
 her. — (5) Heroine goes twice to church, in moon-dress and in sun-dress ; king 
 seeks in vain for the lovely stranger. — (6) The cook, having his suspicions 
 about the real position of the girl, sets her to make cakes for the king, be- 
 cause to do this she must take off her cloak. — (7) He spies through a chink, 
 sees beautiful girl, and fetches king, who marries heroine and rewards cook. 
 
 Ibid.^ vol. xii, pp. 45-48. (Taken down in 1876 by Dr. 129 
 Karlowicz in the district of Nowogr6dek, Government of Minsk. 
 Told in the language of White-Ruthenia ; published in PoUsh.) 
 
 "The Orphan and the Fairy." 
 
 (l) An orphan is driven from home by the cruelty of her cousins, who give 
 her nothing but a pigskin cloak to cover her. — (2) She takes service with 
 a fairy, but is punished for curiosity and discharged, taking with her good 
 advice and talismans. — (3) She next enters king's service as kitchen-maid, 
 dressed in pigskin cloak. — (4) She takes first boots, and on another occasion 
 water, to king's son, who ill-treats her each time. — (5) She goes to church in 
 gorgeous dresses given her by fairy, and the prince is struck with her. — (6) 
 On the third occasion she loses her shoe in the pitch. — (7) Search is made 
 for the owner, and the prince marries her. 
 
 {pcletiai = ashes, rusys = hole, i.e., coal-hole, or coal-heap). This Pelen- 
 drusis wore a gown of pigskins, and hid her magic dresses under a stone 
 which would travel when struck with magic wand given her by old man 
 (God). In her replies to the prince, she each time makes some allusion to 
 the harsh words he spoke to her when she took him a towel, water, etc. 
 
4^i CtNDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 306 ZiNGERLE, Tirols Volksdichtungen und Volksgebrdiiche^ gesammelt 
 durch die Briider Ignaz und Josef. Band i. Kinder- und 
 Haus7ndrchen. Innsbruck, 1852. Story No. II, pp. 5-16 
 (ist edition). (By word of mouth from Botzen.) 
 
 " CiSTL IM KORBL."! 
 
 (i) A poor girl, whose parents die, leaving her nothing but the rags which 
 cover her, is turned out of ihe house by her father's creditors, and has nowhere 
 to go. She wanders, weeping, into the dark wood where she has so often 
 picked raspberries and mushrooms. Since her fellow- creatures desert her she 
 will find a corner to live in amongst the hares and deer. When night comes 
 on, the old pines and fir-trees cast weird shadows, and the little girl is terrified, 
 and cries bitterly. — (2) Suddenly a hunter stands before her, and asks why she 
 cries. He comforts her, and takes her along with him to show her some 
 wonderful things. They go deeper and deeper into the forest, and reach 
 a giant, moss-covered oak, beside a little rippling brook. "Open, hoary 
 oak," says the hunter, and the great trunk opens and discloses glittering 
 treasure — silver dresses, and gold coins and jewels. " This is all for you", 
 says the hunter to the astonished girl, ** so long as you keep it a secret and 
 remember my name. * Cistl im Korbl' I am called, and in seven years I 
 shall return. Use the treasure wisely, for your happiness depends on this, 
 and woe betide you if you forget my name !" He has vanished before she 
 can thank him, and the oak has closed again. She bids it open to prove it 
 has been no dream, and with trembling hands takes out a 20-kreuzer piece 
 and the trunk closes as before. — (3) She now leaves the forest, having maiked 
 well the position of tree, and goes on and on, always repeating ** Cistl im 
 Korbl", till at length she reaches a fine castle, and goes to kitchen and begs 
 cook to take her in for a night's shelter or as a servant. Cook looks her up 
 and down, calls her a dirty beggar, and says she must be off. Heroine begins 
 to cry, and implores the cook ; till at length she is engaged to mind the hens 
 and chickens. She must sleep in hen-house, and if a single chicken is lost, 
 out she packs. In the daytime she drives her chickens, whispering all the 
 time, "Cistl im Korbl," and thinking of the oak-tree. — (4; Sunday comes, 
 and everybody goes in their best to church. Then she goes to the oak, 
 chooses a dress like the sun at noon, washes in the brook, and goes to church. 
 When she enters all give place to her. She kneels to pray beside the count, 
 who is amazed at her beauty. When mass is over she hurries out of church 
 and away to the forest to exchange the sun -dress for her grey kirtle. The 
 count loses all his gaiety, and gazes long in silence out of window, only long- 
 ing for next Sunday.— (5) The bells ring for mass, and heroine hies to oak« 
 tree, chooses dress like the moon, and goes to church. Count cannot take 
 
 ^ Cistel signifies in some districts of the Tyrol a flat head-basket, in con- 
 tradistinction to Korbely by which is meant a basket for carrying on the back. 
 
ZINGERLE. 
 
 433 
 
 his eyes off her, and tells his servants to follow her after service. When she 
 finds she cannot outstrip her pursuers, she detains them by scattering 20- 
 kreuzer pieces, resumes her rags, and returns to her chickens. The count 
 is miserable, pining for another Sunday. — (6) Next time heroine appears 
 in church in a star-dress. The count is enraptured ; she returns his smile, 
 and he puts his ring on her finger. When she leaves, and his servants follow, 
 she throws handfuls of gold to detain them. — (7) Count falls ill ; no doctors 
 can cure him. His friends counsel him to bestir himself and make merry 
 with his young companions at a feast. There is so much to be done in the 
 kitchen that poultry-girl must help to pluck some of her chickens. After that 
 she must help the cook with her saucepans. She begs, and at lenglh obtains, 
 a little dough to make a cake herself, and slips the ring into it. Her little 
 cake swells to such a size in the boiling grease that it has to have a plate 
 to itself, and it locks so much nicer than the cook's cakes that it is laid before 
 the count. When he cuts it open he neaily faints, and calls for the cook, who 
 is terribly frightened at having to confess who made it. — (8) Heroine is sent 
 for, and appears in a dress like the dawn, which she had brought with her 
 from the oak and kept hidden under her straw bed. All the guests rise as 
 she enters, and the count greets her as his bride and places her beside him. 
 They are married that evening in the castle chapel. — (9) The happy years 
 glide by, and they have a lovely little daughter. Suddenly heroine bethinks 
 her of the green hunter, and of her promise to him. The seven years are 
 nearly over, and she has quite forgotten his name. All her joy is fled — none 
 can cheer her. — (10) One evening she is sitting sorrowfully at the window 
 watching the gardeners packing up their tools. One of them has a flat 
 head-basket {Cistl) which he flings into his large basket {Korbl). The countess 
 laughs aloud, crying ** Cistl im Korbl", so that the count and her women 
 rush to see what has made her glad. They rejoice to see her happy again. 
 — (11) Next day, when she is out walking, she meets the green hunter, and 
 greets him by name. He smiles, and lays his fingers on his lips as a sign 
 that she must never tell a living soul about him. Then he vanishes for ever, 
 and the count and countess live happily for many a year, and have two 
 children. 
 
 Ibid. Story No. XVI, pp. 86-94 (ist ed.) ; 72-78 (2nd ed., 1870). 257 
 (Told in Passeier.) 
 
 " Hennenpfosl"! (The Poultry-girl). 
 
 (i) A count and countess have several children, all of whom they love very 
 much, except the youngest, who is far more beautiful than all her sisters. — 
 (2) Being unkindly treated by parents, she resolves to leave home and seek 
 situation. She packs three nice dresses, a blue, a red, and a white, in a 
 bundle, dons costly clothes, and sets out. Presently she meets a peasant- 
 
 Hennenpfosl, in Pisseier, = HennenJirne. 
 
434 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 woman, and changes clothes with her. She comes to rock, leaves her bundle 
 in a cave at the foot, and mounts to castle on the height. The castellan, who 
 opens to her knock, accosts her harshly.— (3) She asks for employment, and 
 is engaged as poultry-girl {Hennenpfosl). — (4) The owner of the castle gives 
 a large ball, to which he invites all the neighbourhood, meaning to choose the 
 loveliest girl for his bride. When the sound of the music reaches the poultry- 
 girl, she goes to porter, and asks permission to go into ball-room for one 
 moment. He says, how can such a dirty thing as she is be allowed amongst 
 the company. She rejoins, that he will have no occasion to be ashamed of 
 her when she is washed and dressed. She goes to ro;k, and exchanges her 
 mean kirtle for the sky-blue dress. When she enters ball-room the owner of 
 the castle sees at once that she is by far the most beautiful girl present, and 
 dances with her forthwith. The dance over, she vanishes, no Oiie knows 
 whither. The lord of the castle is inconsolable. Heroine returns dress to 
 rock, and is back at the castle. — (5) Anon, the lord gives another ball, in the 
 hope of seeing her again, and gives orders that no one is to be allowed to 
 leave the castle. Heroine attends as before, this time in red dress. After 
 dancing with lord she runs to door, and, finding it guarded, scatters gold to 
 the servants, and, whilst they pick it up, escapes.— (6) The lord is very 
 miserable at losing her, and, after a time, gives third ball, which she attends, 
 wearing white dress. Whilst dancing with her he slips a gold ring on her 
 finger. She again runs off after first dance, and slips through the guards 
 whilst they are picking up the gold she scatters. — (7) One day lord orders 
 cook to mike pancake. Heroine happens to be in kitchen whilst they are 
 frying, and begs to be allowed to make just one pancake for the master. At 
 last cook consents, and, whilst his back is turned, she slips ring into the 
 dough. The lord is astounded when he presently finds the ring, and sends at 
 once for cook, who will not confess that he allowed the dirty poultry-girl to 
 make one of the cakes, till threatened with death.— (8) Then heroine is 
 called, appears prettily dressed, and is instantly recognised. In a few weeks 
 they are married. 
 
 128^.^/^., pp. 130-39 (ist edition). (By word of mouth from Meran.) 
 
 " Die drei Schwestern" (The Three Sisters). 
 
 (i) Three sisters live in a town. The two elder are proud and haughty ; 
 the youngest is modest and good, wherefore she is hated by her sisters. They 
 make her do all the menial work, and stay at home to work and mind the 
 house if ever they go to a ball— {2) King gives grand ball, and they leave 
 heroine at home as usual in her workday clothes. She goes about her work 
 sadly, when an angel suddenly appears, gives her a sun-dress and glittering 
 gems, and bids her don them and go where her sisters have gone. Directly 
 morning dawns, and the dance is ended, she must hurry home, so that none 
 may know she has been at ihe palace. Heroine hesitates about leaving work 
 undone, and angel says that Heaven will see to that too. Everyone admires 
 
ZINGERLE. 435 
 
 her at the ball, and king dances with her alone. Presently she disappears, 
 no one knows whither. She doffs the finery, and finds all her work done. 
 Sisters return, and tell her of lovely stranger. — (3) King can think of nothing 
 but her, and determines to give another ball. All happens as before. Angel 
 finds her darning sisters' stockings, and gives her moon-dress. She vanishes 
 from ball-room as before. — (4) King gives third ball. Angel brings heroine 
 a star-dress and a purse of gold. King questions her in vain as to who she is 
 and whence she comes. He sends his servants to follow her when she leaves, 
 and she scatters gold to detain them. But one will not be tempted, and 
 follows her still ; so she drops one of her gold shoes, and he picks it up and 
 carries it in triumph to king. — (5) King sends him to try the shoe on every 
 girl in the town, and the one whom it fits is to be brought to the palace. 
 Servant comes at length to the house of the three sisters. The eldest cuts off 
 her toes, puts on shoe, and sets out with servant to castle. They pass an old 
 linden-tree under which diets were held, and a red bird overhead sings : 
 
 " Princess Ironhood, 
 The shoe is full of blood." 
 
 Servant sees blood streaming from shoe, and knows he has not got the right 
 girl. — (6) He takes her back, cleans the shoe, and gives it to the second 
 sister, who takes it to her room, and, finding it too large for her foot, stuffs it 
 up with rags. Servant sets out with her, but, as they pass the linden, same 
 little red bird sits on a twig, singing : 
 
 * * Princess Ironhag, 
 The shoe is full of rag." 
 
 Servant sees rag sticking out of shoe, and takes her home again. — (7) Only 
 Else (the youngest) is lefr, and sisters try to prevent her trying shoe. Servant 
 insists ; shoe fits her perfectly. Heroine puts on her best clothes and sets out 
 ^■jt to palace, followed by servant. The bird on the linden sings, so gaily 
 
 " Princess Iron-thrall 
 The shoe fits best of all." 
 
 They reach the castle, and king hastens to welcome her, having recognized 
 her from afar. Next day there is a grand festival ; herald orders silence, and 
 king proclaims Else as his queen. Great festivities celebrate the event. 
 
 ZiNGERLE, Tirols Volksdichtungen und Volksgebrduche, gesammelt 270 
 und herausgegeben durch die Briider. Band 11. Kinder- unc 
 Hausmdrcheji aus Siiddeutschland. Regensburg, 1854. Pp. 
 231-35- (From Zillerthal.) 
 " Der gehende Wagen" (The Carriage which goes by Itself). 
 
 (i) A rich man has an only daughter, whom he loves dearly, granting her 
 every wish. When she is grown up, he wants her to choose a husband from 
 one of the best houses in the town. She objects to this, but, as father will not 
 
 F F 2 
 
436 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 cease to wish it, she at length consents, on certain conditions. — (2) Within 
 three days she roust have a carriage which travels by itself at command, then 
 four dresses — a sky-blue with gold stars, a silver, a gold dress, and a dress 
 made of the skins of field-mice. Father is vexed, but orders all to be pro- 
 cured, and they are ready wdthin the time appointed. The carriage halts at 
 her door ; the four dresses are inside. She wishes to make trial of the car- 
 riage, and steps in. Away it rolls with her, and does not stop till she gets to 
 an unknown country ; then it breaks down. — (3) She sees a hollow oak-tree, 
 and hides her magic dresses in it ; then dons the mouse-skia dress, and goes to 
 the nearest town. She seeks in vain for employment, for none will engage 
 the stranger in the grey fur dress. At length she is hired as kitchen-maid in 
 a count's kitchen, and has to do all the menial work and clean the hearth. At 
 night she sleeps on dirty straw, in a wretched little room, which only contains 
 a chair and a clothes-box. — (4) After some time the count gives a grand ball 
 which is to last several days, for he wants to choose a bride. These are hard 
 days for the kitchen-maid, who has to be always carrying water, and polishing 
 and scrubbing, and plucking fowls, and doing all manner of things. All is 
 ready at last, and the guests arrive. Then heroine thinks of her father, and 
 how she used to dance, and be the loveliest girl in the room. She begs the 
 cook to let her watch the guests come and go from behind the door. At length 
 she gets permission, but hurries off to the oak-tree, dons the sky-blue dress, 
 and returns and enters ball-room. All are amazed at sight of her, and the 
 count dances with her alone. After an hour she disappears, hies to oak, re- 
 sumes her ordinary clothes, and gets behind door to watch. She sees the 
 guests leave, and the count looks very heavy-hearted. — (5), All happens the 
 same next night. Heroine appears at ball in silver dress, and leaves in an 
 hour, as before. Count has stationed guards at the doors to stop the unknown 
 beauty, but, aware of this, she slips out at the back door and runs to the oak. 
 — (6) At the third ball she appears in dress of gold. The count is over- 
 joyed. She cannot escape to the oak this time, for the whole house is sur- 
 rounded with servants. So she slips into her little room, where she must hide 
 the magic dress.— (7) But a servant has seen her enter the kitchen-maid's 
 room, and fetches the count, who opens the door and sees the kitchen-maid in 
 ilie act of hiding the dress in the box. — (8) He falls on her neck, bids her 
 lesume magic dress, and go with him to ball-room, where he proclaims her 
 his I ride. They live long and happily, surrounded by their lovely children. 
 
Part III.— E.— HERO TALES. 
 
 ABSTRACTS. 
 
 P. Chr. Asbjornsen og Jorgen Moe, Norske Folkeeventyr. 319 
 2nd edition. Christiania, 1852. P. 415. (From Sell, in 
 Gudbrandsdal.) 
 
 "Kari Tr^stak." 
 
 Boy and girl serve troll underground — Ill-treated hero — 
 Helpful animal (ox) — Ear cornucopia — Girl, sent to spy, is lulled 
 to sleep by a huldre. Troll then puts magpie eyes in her neck, 
 which remain awake — Slaying of helpful animal and hero pro- 
 posed — Hero flight on bull, through copper, silver, and gold 
 forests — Princess as prize — Hero rides up steep mountain on ox ; 
 may not have princess till he has thrice discovered her hiding- 
 place (i) in ear of ox, (2) in a pin amongst several, (3) in one 
 of many loaves — Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid.^ p. 418. (From Hardanger, Norway.) 320 
 
 " Kari Tr^estak." 
 
 Ill-treated hero (by stepmother and stepsister) — Menial hero 
 (herds cattle) — Helpful animal (ewe) gives milk — Stepsister, sent 
 to spy, is twice put to sleep by hairdressing ; third time, magpie 
 eye in her neck sees hero suck grey ewe — Slaying of helpful 
 animal — Attempt to starve hero— Helpful animal (ox) — Step- 
 sister sent to spy ; magpie eye sees hero suck ear of ox — Slaying 
 of helpful animal proposed ; hero strikes stepmother instead of 
 ox ; is driven from home by father — Hero flight on ox through 
 brass, silver, and gold forests ; he disobeys injunction and takes 
 (i) brass, (2) silver, (3) gold ladles and stirring-rods, causing to 
 appear (i) two-headed, (2) four-headed, (3) six-headed giants, 
 whom ox fights and kills. Ox nearly vanquished, because hero 
 called him by name — They reach castle, where is a wedding — 
 
438 • CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 Hero chops off ox's head, transforming ox to prince — Menial 
 hero and prince (in castle kitchen) — Hero uses brass, silver, and 
 gold ladles and stirring-rods, causing dishes to shine with corre- 
 sponding lustre — King, seeing hero's ladles and stirring-rods, would 
 prefer him as son-in-law. Hero conducts king to brass, silver, 
 and gold forests— Happy marriage. 
 
 321 Athanas'ev, Russian Folk-tales. Moscow, 1861. Part v. 
 
 No. XXXVHI. 
 
 Three sons sent in turn to watch wheat-field at night ; two 
 elder fall asleep, and wheat is stolen ; youngest son catches bird, 
 and no wheat is missing. Elder sons take bird from hero, and 
 show it to father, who sells it to king. Bird locked in cell, key 
 of which queen keeps. Prince steals key and liberates bird, 
 who is really brass-man. Prince convicted of theft of key ; 
 sewn up in pigskin, and turned out — Hero disguise (pigskin) — 
 Brass-man aid — Menial hero (cook's assistant at palace) — War 
 breaks out, three successive years ; hero, thrice equipped by brass 
 man, slays the enemy with magic sword ; returns, and dons pig- 
 skin, and plays with (i) silver apple, (2) gold apple, (3) "sun" 
 apple, which he gives to princess, who craves them. Hero is 
 wounded in third war ; king binds his arm with his own handker- 
 chief, and gives him ring — Recognition — Happy marriage. 
 
 322 M. Dragomanov, Malorusskiya narodnuiya predaniya i razskazy 
 (Legends and Popular Tales of Little Russia). Kiev, 1876. 
 Pp. 262-67 
 
 " Korsbury-popeljuh" (Dirty Cinder-boy) 
 
 Despised youngest son nicknamed Popeljuh — Hearth abode — 
 Sea-horses spoil king's fields ; hero catches three of them, and 
 keeps them hidden — Princess as prize to any rider who can 
 jump as high as second storey of castle — Hero reaches second 
 storey ; receives ring and handkerchief ; kisses princess : escapes 
 home, and sits in ashes — Wedding of princess celebrated after a 
 year's time — Happy marriage — Hero again escapes — War against 
 king — Hero secures his victory ; is reunited to bride. 
 
E. HERO TALES, 439 
 
 / 
 
 Gypsy-Lore Society, Journal of the, vo\. iii, pp. c^ 08- to. ("Tales 323 
 in a Tent," by John Sampson.) 
 
 "De little Bull-Calf." 
 
 Ill-treated hero (by stepfather)— Helpful animal (bull-calf) — 
 Old man aid— Hero flight on helpful animal — Bull fights and 
 kills various wild beasts ; is killed by dragon — Hero skins bull, 
 inflates its biggest gut, which will kill everything he hits with it^ 
 Princess staked down as prey for dragon — Hero kills dragon with 
 bull's gut, and cuts out its tongue ; takes leave of princess, who 
 ties diamond ring into his hair — King surprised to find princess 
 living ; releases her ; proclaims that her deliverer shall wed her 
 and succeed to kingdom — Trophy marriage test — Impostors cut 
 off first fingers, and show tongues of various wild beasts — Hero, 
 poorly clad, is turned away ; after a time comes again, better 
 dressed — Recognition by means of diamond ring and dragon's 
 tongue — Happy marriage. 
 
 Josef Haltrich, Deutsche Volksmdrchen, aus dem Sachsenlande, 324 
 in Siebenbiirgen. Wien, 1882. Pp. 96-100. No. XXIV. 
 
 " Das Rosenmadchen." 
 
 Hero conducted by bees to castle of rose-girl, guarded by 
 dragon — Menial hero (gooseherd at castle) — Magic mantles and 
 horses, procured by means of wishing-bell — Meeting-place (ball) 
 — [Threefold flight] — Recognition of hero by means of pitch 
 which rose-girl puts on his hair— Escape from dragon . . . — Happy 
 marriage. 
 
 Ibid,, pp. 195-96. No. XLVII. 326 
 
 " Der Aschenputtel wird Konig." 
 
 Ill-treated hero (by elder brothers) ; nicknamed Aschenputtel 
 — Hearth abode — Death of king ; general assembly in royal 
 meadow for the Lord to crown successor. Hero bidden to stay 
 at home ; goes secretly to meadow, and hides in pig-sty. Crown 
 hovers in the air, settles on pig-sty. Aschenputtel proclaimed 
 king 
 
44° CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 326 O. KoLBERG, Lud. Krakowskie. (The people, Province of 
 Cracow.) Vol. iv, pp. 1-3. 
 
 "The Three Knights." 
 
 Dying father bequeaths three magic whips to youngest son, 
 nicknamed Piecuch — Hearth abode — Hero thrice victorious at 
 contests for hand of princess — Happy marriage. 
 
 327 Ibid.^ pp. 3-5. Variant of the above. 
 
 Hero is " black as a sweep" — Hearth abode — Hero scales glass 
 mountain to win princess —Happy marriage. 
 
 328 O. Kolberg, Lud. Sandomierske. (Province of Sandomierz.) 
 Warsaw, 1865. Pp. 274-76. 
 
 Dying father bids three sons watch by turns for three nights on 
 his tomb— Elder brothers send hero each night — Help at grave 
 of dead father ; hero receives three talismans — Hearth abode — 
 Magic dress and steed — Hero rides mid-air round princess's 
 castle — Search for champion — Happy marriage. 
 
 329 O. Kolberg, Lud. Kujawy. Warsaw, 1867. Vol. i, 
 
 pp. 127-29. 
 
 "The Glass Mountain." 
 
 Princess in glass mountain ; whosoever can reach her may 
 wed her. Man, called " King of the Mice", gains mountain. 
 Hero, despised younger son of peasant, slays King of the Mice, 
 dons his garb — Hero disguise (mouse-skins) — Thrice reaches prin- 
 cess — Happy marriage — Hero slays king's enemies ; becomes 
 king. 
 
E. HERO TALES. 44I 
 
 O. KoLBERG, Lud. Lubelskie. (Province of Lublin.) Vol. ii, 330 
 
 pp. 180-83. 
 
 " The Old Man with the Beard." 
 
 Nobleman catches dwarf with beard an ell long ; would ex- 
 hibit him. Nobleman's son liberates dwarf, and is sentenced 
 to death. Servant spares him ; kills dog instead — Menial hero 
 (scullion to a nobleman) — Magic clothes from grateful dwarf — 
 Master's daughters fall in love with hero— Happy marriage — 
 Father invited to wedding ; hero makes himself known ; father 
 kills himself. 
 
 Friedrich S. Krauss, Sagen und Mdrchen der Sudslaven. 331 
 
 Leipzig, 1883-84. Vol. ii, p. 346. No. 139. 
 
 " Held Hirte und das scheckige Kuhlein." 
 
 Outcast hero — Menial hero (cow-herd at inn) ; has nothing to 
 eat — Helpful animal (cow) — Cornucopia. Magic food-producing 
 cloth in cow's right horn, which screws off — Spy on hero — Slay- 
 ing of helpful animal proposed — Hero flight on cow, who spreads 
 out wings — Dragon, cow's enemy, dwells in hollow tree. Hero 
 stops hole with dry grass, sets fire to grass, and dragon perishes 
 — Hero and cow live many years in hill. Hero must try to pull 
 up tree, roots and all. He cannot; must wait seven years. [Tale 
 passes into variant of Grimm's "How Six Men got on in the 
 World", and of "Shepherd Paul" in Magyar Tales.\ 
 
 E. T. Kristensen, Danske Folkeceveniyr {\ZZ%). P. 174. 332 
 No. XXVI. 
 
 " Tyren og Prinsessen pA Glasbj^erget" (The Bull and the 
 Princess on the Glass Mountain). 
 
 Ill-treated hero (by stepmother) — Helpful animal (bull) — 
 Hero strokes bull's back, and gets food — Spy on hero — Slaying 
 of helpful animal and boy proposed — Bull tosses stepmother 
 into fire intended for bull's destruction — Hero flight on bull 
 through three forests of apple-trees; hero's longing for apples 
 
442 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 causes to appear trolls (i) three-headed, (2) six-headed, (3) nine 
 headed ; bull fights trolls, winning from them (i) horse, (2) spade 
 and shovel, (3) bag of mist. Bull bids boy bury him with spade 
 and shovel at foot of two hills, and return in two years' time to 
 dig him up, bringing with him bow4 of w^ater, bowl of blood, and 
 bowl of milk — Menial hero (stable-boy at castle) — Magic clothes 
 and steeds — Hero thrice rides up glass mountain ; receives silver 
 apple and gold apple from princess, and third time kisses her — 
 Threefold flight from competitors, who surround hero ; bag of 
 mist hides them — Trophy marriage tests — Impostors bring sham 
 silver and gold apples, and tear their coat-tails. Hero throws 
 trophy apples to princess, who fits into his coat the piece of cloth 
 she had torn from it — Recognition — Happy marriage— Hero 
 digs up bull, cuts off its head, washes it in water, blood, and 
 milk, lays it at tail ; whereupon prince springs forth, brother to 
 princess. He had been transformed by stepmother. 
 
 333 Louis Leger, Contes populaires Slaves. Paris, 1882. Pp. 203-10. 
 
 No. XXV. 
 
 " Les Deux Freres." 
 
 Peasant's younger son called Cendrillot, because stupid. 
 Elder son, journeyman cobbler, refuses cake to ants ; will not 
 replace fish in water, or settle dispute of fighting devils. Returns 
 home having accompHshed nothing — Hero sets out with heaUng 
 water and a loaf, feeds the ants, throws fish back into water, and 
 separates fighting devils. Reaches town where princess is dying. 
 Whosoever can cure may wed her. Hero cures princess with 
 healing water; but must perform Tasks to win her. Grateful 
 beasts : ants separate poppy-seeds from ashes, fish fetches pearl, 
 devils pick rose from Lucifer's garden — Happy marriage. 
 
 334 Prof. Moltke Moe's Unpublished Collection. (From Bo and 
 
 Hitterdal.) 
 
 " GuTTEN OG Stuten" (The Boy and the Ox). 
 
 Hero, in giant's service, must clean stable of ox — [Helpful 
 animal] — Giant killed — Hero flight on ox through brass, tin, and 
 
 1 
 
E. — HERO TALES. 443 
 
 silver forests. Hero plucks leaves, causing three giants to appear. 
 Ox kills two giants, is wounded by the third ; bids boy not name 
 him ; but boy does so, whereupon ox loses all power, and is slain 
 together with hero by third giant. 
 
 Roumanian Fairy-tales and Legends. London, 1881. Pp. 1-20. 
 "The Slippers of the Twelve Princesses." 
 Menial hero (cow-herd)— Fairy aid in dream— Menial hero 
 (-ardener to emperor)— Princess as prize to anyone who discovers 
 irow twelve princesses wear out shoes— Laurel branches from 
 fairy, planted by hero, become wishing-trees— Hero, rendered in- 
 visible, accompanies twelve princesses to their revels— Magic 
 clothes from laurels— Happy marriage. 
 
 335 
 
 Y.U.^6^G^>^^-^.I Fjeldbygderne. Christiania, 1868. Pp. 13-17. 336 
 "Vesle brune Okse" (Little Brown Ox). 
 Menial hero (shepherd)— Mistress starves hero— Helpful ani- 
 mal (ox)— Ear cormicopia-Spy on hero— Slaying of helpful 
 animal 'proposed. Hero strikes mistress instead of ox— Hero 
 flight on ox-Princess on mountain will give tin twig to man 
 whom she does not like, silver and gold twigs to one she loves. 
 Hero alone can ride up mountain ; receives gold twig— Happy 
 marriage. 
 
 Guillaume Spitta-Bey, Contes arabes modernes. Leide, Paris, 337 
 1883. Pp. 152-61. No. XII. 
 "HiSTOiRE DU Prince et de son Cheval." 
 Simultaneous birth of hero and foal, and death of mother and 
 mare ; the foal to belong to hero. Sultan, hero's father, marries 
 again; boy pets foal. IU4reated hero. Stepmother conspires 
 with Jew-lover to poison him— Helpful animal— Counselled by 
 foal hero throws food to cat, which dies— Stepmother feigns ill- 
 ness • Jew, as doctor, orders heart of foal as cure— Hero flight 
 on helpful animal-Hero disguise (beggar's rags)-Memal hero 
 (drives ox which turns water-wheel in king's garden)— Hero sum- 
 
444 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 mons horse by setting light to one of horse's hairs ; dons own 
 clothes, and gallops round garden. King's youngest daughter 
 sees, and falls in love with him. Hero returns to water-wheel. 
 Gardener would thrash him, because of havoc done ; princess 
 forbids punishment — Princesses to choose husbands ; all men to 
 pass beneath their castle. Youngest princess will not make 
 choice till man from water-wheel is called. She throws her ker- 
 chief to him. Wedding of six sisters celebrated. King angry 
 with youngest ; shuts her up with husband ; falls ill ; only milk 
 of virgin bear in skin of virgin bear will cure him. Six sons-in- 
 law sent in quest of it ; hero procures it with aid of magic horse, 
 brands the six sons-in-law, and gives them milk of old bear. 
 Doctors say this is useless. Hero's bride takes milk which cures 
 king — War breaks out ; hero on magic horse slays the enemy. 
 King puts ring on finger of unknown champion, and binds his 
 wound with royal kerchief — Hero's bride shows ring and kerchief 
 to king — Recognition — Happy marriage — Villain Nemesis — Jew 
 and stepmother burned. 
 
 338 ^im-^, Ungarische Sagen und Mdrchen. Berlin, 1850. Pp. 91-95. 
 No. XIV. (From Pesth.) 
 
 " ASCHENBRODEL." 
 
 Peasants' two elder sons, sent to mind vines, refuse cake to 
 toad, and fall asleep. Vines are trampled down. Despised 
 youngest son, called Aschenbrodel, asks to guard vines; gives 
 cake to Helpful animal (toad), and receives copper, silver, gold 
 switches with which to tame the copper, silver, gold horses that 
 trample vines — Princess as prize to anyone who can reach (i) 
 rosemary on top of fir-pole, (2) gold apple on higher pole, (3J 
 silk kerchief on highest pole— Magic armour, copper, silver, 
 golden — Hero performs feats on copper, silver, gold horses — 
 Fence, stable, and roof pulled down, because hero tells brother 
 he saw stranger knight thence— Trophy marriage tests— Happy 
 marriage. 
 
E. — HERO TALES. 445 
 
 Geo. McCall Theal, Kaffir Folk-lore. 2nd edition. London, 339 
 1886. Pp. 169-71. 
 
 "Story of the Wonderful Horns." 
 
 Ill-treated hero (by father's wives)— Hero flight on ox— Ox 
 fights and overcomes bull— Ear cornucopia — Ox killed by dun 
 cattle. Hero breaks off horns as food-supply — Enters house 
 in village and gives owner food from horns. Owner of house 
 steals magic horns, substituting others. Hero starts off next 
 morning; discovers trick, and returns to recover magic horns, 
 which will not serve thief — Hero turned away from another 
 house, because ragged — Magic clothes from horns — Hero stays 
 in house, where is beautiful daughter ; horns provide for house- 
 hold—Happy marriage — Hero and bride visit father— Magic 
 residence from horns. 
 
 Dr. M. Toeppen, Aberglauhett aus Masuren^ mit einem Anhange 340 
 enthaltend : Masurische Sagen und Mdhrchen. Danzig, 1867. 
 Pp. 148-50. (From Little Jerut.) 
 
 "Der Ritt in das vierte Stockwerk." 
 
 Dying father bids three sons watch in turn on his grave — Elder 
 brothers make despised hero watch in their stead — Dead father 
 help at grave — Hero receives three switches, a ball of thread, 
 and directions from dead father — Princess as prize to anyone who 
 can twice ride to fourth storey of castle — Brothers go to contest, 
 leaving hero to mind pigs and heat oven — Magic attire and gold 
 horse from oak-tree, when struck with switches — Hero twice 
 reaches fourth storey, receiving kerchief and ring from princess ; 
 is shot in the foot on way home — Search for lame man ; ragged 
 hero taken to princess. Hero fetches magic dress and steed; 
 displays trophies — Happy marriage. 
 
44^ CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 341 ZiNGERLE, Ignaz und Josef, Kinder- und Hausmdrchen aus 
 SiiddeutscJiland. Regensburg, 1854. Pp. 395-403. 
 
 " Der Aschentagger." 
 
 Dying father bids three sons watch in turn on his grave— Elder 
 brothers bribe despised hero to watch in their stead — Dead father 
 help at grave — Hero receives bridle, thong, and Spanish staff — 
 Princess as prize to anyone who can ride up face of rock — 
 Brothers go to contest, leaving hero to mind house — Magic 
 armour and steed from treasure-trees — Hero twice reaches rock 
 summit ; princess tries to kiss him ; he escapes her — Guards 
 stationed to intercept hero ; he belabours them with thong and 
 escapes, but is wounded in foot. King's handkerchief used for 
 bandage — Search for wounded man; messengers find king's 
 handkerchief on hero, who is taken to princess — He must prove 
 his valour by slaying serpent that devours the flocks; kills serpent 
 with Spanish staff. Princess still dissatisfied. Hero fetches 
 magic armour and steed — Recognition — Happy marriage. 
 
TABULATIONS. 
 
 P. Chr. Asbjornsen og Jorgen Moe, Norske Folkeeventyr. 2nd 319 
 edition. Christiania, 1852. P. 415. (From Sell, in Gud- 
 brandsdal.) 
 
 " Kari Tr^stak." 
 
 (i) A little girl and boy are taken underground by a troll to be chambermaid 
 and herd. Troll keeps the boy short of food; but amongst the cattle is a 
 •' wise" ox that tells the boy just to take the pipe out of its left ear, and instantly 
 there will appear a table-cloth covered with all manner of dishes. — (2) Troll 
 wonders that boy should look so well-nourished, and sends the girl to discover 
 the reason. But she is lulled to sleep by an underground fairy [htddre). Troll 
 puts in her neck a couple of magpie eyes that will never sleep, and then, 
 learning how matters stand, wants to kill boy and ox. — (3) But the ox, being 
 "wise", tells boy they must flee. They travel through a brass wood, a silver 
 wood, a gold wood. Boy is careful to obey ox's warning to touch nothing. — 
 (4) At length they reach a great mountain, at whose summit sits a princess. 
 Anyone riding up the steep sides may have her. Boy rides up to her on his - 
 little brown ox. — (5) But king will not give her up till boy has thrice found 
 her out. First she is concealed in one of the ears of the wise ox ; then in a 
 pin amongst several ; lastly, in one of many loaves. — (6) By the help of the 
 ox he succeeds each time in finding her, and at length he marries her. 
 
 Ibid.^ p. 418. (From Hardanger, Norway.) 320 
 
 " Kari Tr^estak." 
 
 (i) Widower with one son marries widow with one daughter. Hero is 
 ill-treated by stepmother and stepsister, sent in all weathers to herd cattle, 
 and allowed no food but a few grains of barley in his box. — (2) Among the 
 sheep is a big grey ewe with a large teat which hero sucks, and so looks well- 
 nourished. — (3) Stepmother thrice sends daughter to spy. On the first and 
 second occasions hero puts her to sleep by lousing her. — (4) The third day 
 stepmother puts a magpie's eye down her neck. In the evening, when asked 
 by what means the boy lives, stepsister answers, "I saw nothing I" But 
 magpie-eye says, " i saw the whole thing. He sucks the grey sheep." — (5) 
 The sheep is at once slain, yet hero keeps healthy.— (6) There is further 
 attempt to discover the secret, and on the third day the magpie-eye again 
 reveals it : ** He sucks the ear of the brown ox." — (7) Ox is to be killed ; step- 
 
448 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 mother is to hold it whilst hero strikes. He manages to strike stepmother 
 instead, and is driven away by angry father, though allowed to keep the brown 
 ox, — (8) They go out into the world together ; come to a brass wood ; brass 
 ladle and brass stirring-rods {ivarer^) hang from all the branches ; he is for- 
 bidden to touch, but cannot resist ; takes a ladle and a stirring- rod. A two- 
 headed giant appears : " Who touches my wood ?" He is killed by the ox. — 
 (9) They come to a silver wood ; same thing happens ; ox kills four-headed 
 giant. — (10) They come to a gold wood ; the hero takes a gold ladle and 
 stirring-rod. **'Tis ill done", says the ox, "but beware not to pronounce my 
 name." Six-headed giant fights the ox ; ox falls on his knees. " Courage, 
 my brown ox!" says hero. At that the ox is almost vanquished, but collects 
 himself for a last effort, and kills the giant. — (11) Th'^y travel on and reach a 
 king's castle. Ox bids hero chop off his head ; he at length does so, and ox is 
 transformed into a prince. They go together to castle where a wedding is 
 being celebrated. — (12) Hero and prince are set to dress the dinner in kitchen. 
 Hero stirs the pots and pans with his brass ladle and tvare, and all the dishes 
 get a brass lustre. King and guests marvel thereat. Afterwards hero uses the 
 silver, and then the golden ladles and tvarer, with corresponding results. When 
 king sees hero's ladles and tvaj'erhQ would prefer him as a son-in-law if he has 
 other riches. — (13) Hero asks king to accompany him, and shows him first the 
 brass wood, then the silver, lastly the gold wood. So hero weds the princess, 
 and the brown ox that became a prince is next to him m the kingdom. 
 
 321 Athanas'ev, Russian Folk-tales. Moscow, 1861. Part v. 
 
 No. XXXVIII. 
 
 (i) Grentleman has three sons ; the youngest is a stupid. He sends eldest 
 son to watch in field of wheat, for every night one niorga of wheat is eaten. 
 Eldest son falls asleep, and next morning a morga of wheat has gone. Same 
 thing happens next night, when second son is sent to watch. Youngest son 
 takes care to sleep by day, and stays awake on third night when sent to field. 
 A bird comes ; he catches it and puts it in a bag, then goes to sleep. — (2) Next 
 morning elder brothers find him sleeping, nevertheless none of the wheat has 
 been destroyed. They make him explain how this is ; he shows the bird, and 
 they take it from him and give it to father, saying that they caught it, and that 
 youngest brother is a sleepy-head. — (3) Father sells bird to king, who locks it 
 in cell and gives key to wife. Prince goes to door of cell, and bird asks him 
 to set it free, bidding him steal key from mother's neck whilst embracing her.^ 
 Prince does so, and liberates bird, who is really a little brass-man, the guardian 
 of buried treasure. He tells prmce to summon him when needing help. — (4) 
 Next day people come at king's bidding to see wonderful bird ; but cellar is 
 
 1 A tvare is a rod some 12 inches in length, made from a fir-twig, with three 
 branching twigs at the end. It is commonly used in Norway for stirring food 
 over the fire. — F. 
 
 * See note 70. ., 
 
ATHANAS'EV. — DRAGOMANOV. 449 
 
 empty. Oueen asserts her innocence, but is condemned to death. She 
 remembers that prince may have stolen key. Visitors say he should be hanged, 
 others that he should be drowned. — (5) Eventually he is sewn up in a pig-skin 
 and turned out into the world. Mother gives him gold and silver. He 
 summons brass-man, who bids him go beyond the sea and get hired as cook 
 to a certain king. A war will break out, and he must ask leave to go and 
 watch the battle, and, when outside the gates, call the brass-man. Hero serves 
 two years as cook's assistant at palace ; then war breaks out. — (6) He bribes 
 cook and gets leave. Brass-man equips him, gives him horse, a magic sword 
 which will slay all the enemy, and a silver apple. The king will afterwards 
 invite him to palace ; he must decline to go. All happens as foretold. Hero 
 dons pig-skin and plays with silver apple, which princess, seeing, longs to 
 possess. — (7) Next year another war breaks out. All happens as before. Hero 
 gets a gold apple, which he afterwards gives princess. — (8) The third year, a 
 third war ; hero gets apple like the sun. He is wounded ; king binds up his 
 arm with his own handkerchief, giving unknown hero his ring as reward. — 
 (9) Hero dons pig-skin and describes battle to other servants in kitchen, and 
 tells of the strange knight who defeated the enemy, was wounded and received 
 king's ring, etc. He gives also the third apple to princess. — (10) Eventually 
 he makes himself known to her and marries her. 
 
 M. Dragomanov, Malorusskiya narodnuiya predaniya i razskazy. 322 
 (Legends and Popular Tales of Little Russia). Kiev, 1876, 
 Pp. 262-67. 
 
 " Korsbury-popeljuh" (Dirty Cinder-boy).^ 
 
 (i) A king has three sons, two clever, and the youngest stupid. He is 
 always in the cinders, and spends his time in amusing himself. — (2) But when 
 the sea-horses [miraculous horses that come forth every night from the sea] 
 spoil the king's fields, Popeljuh catches three of them, and keeps them in his 
 stable without saymg a word to anyone. — (3) Another king from beyond the 
 Red Sea proclaims that whosoever, on horseback, can jump as high as the 
 second storey of the castle shall wed his extremely beautiful daughter. Popel- 
 juh leaps up to the second storey, and gives a ring and a handkerchief to the 
 princess, kisses her, and escapes back home, where he sits in the ashes and 
 pretends to know nothing. — (4) After a year the king announces his daugh- 
 ter's wedding. Popeljuh gives a horse to each of his brothers, mounts the 
 third himself, and rides to the wedding. — (5) He is married to the princess, 
 but again escapes. — (6) Three kings declare war against his father-in-law. 
 Popeljuh gains a victory, and is reunited to his wife. 
 
 ^ See note 71. 
 
 G G 
 
450 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 323 Gypsy-lore Society^ lournal of the, vol. iii, pp. 208-10. (" Tales 
 in a Tent", by John Sampson.) 
 
 " De little Bull-calf." 
 
 (i) Little boy pets little bull-calf which father gives him. Father dies, 
 mother marries again, and stepfather ill-treats little boy, threatening to kill 
 bull-calf. When little boy is feeding it with barley bread an old man appears 
 and advises him to go away with his bull-calf to seek his fortune. — (2) He 
 sets out, goes a long, long way, and reaches farmhouse, where he begs a crust 
 of bread, half of which he gives to calf. He comes to another house, begs 
 a bit of cheese- rind, and offers half of it to calf. ** No !" says little bull-calf. 
 ** I'm going acjoss this field into the wild wilderness, where are tigers, 
 leopards, wolves, monkeys, and a fiery dragon. I shall kill every one, 
 except the fiery dragon, and he'll kill me." Little boy cries at this. Bull- 
 calf tells him to get into tree, where none can come nigh him but the monkeys, 
 and the cheese-rind will save him from them. Then, when bull-calf is killed, 
 the dragon will go away for a space. The boy must meanwhile get down, 
 skin the calf, take its biggest gut, blow it out, and it will kill everything he 
 hits with it. When fiery dragon returns he roust kill it and cut out its tongue. 
 Little boy does as bidden. — (3) When monkeys climb up tree to him he takes 
 the cheese and says, ** I'll squeeze your heart like this flint stone." And the 
 monkey prudently retires. Little boy watches the fighting, cheering the 
 little bull-calf, till it is killed by the dragon. — (4) Little boy goes on, and 
 sees a king's daughter staked down by the hair of her head for the fiery dragon 
 to destroy her ; he sits by her talking, and will not be induced to go away 
 ere the dragon come, but says he will overcome it. The dragon draws near 
 with terrible roar ; little boy hits it about the face with bull's gut till it dies. 
 But dragon has bitten off his front finger. He cuts out dragon's tongue,^ 
 then takes leave of king's daughter. — (5) She is sad at parting from him, and 
 ties a diamond ring into his hair. Presently king comes by, expecting to find 
 no trace of his daughter but the prints of the place where she was. He is 
 much surprised, learns who has saved her, unties her, and takes her home to 
 palace. — (6) King announces ** in all the papers" that the man who has saved 
 his daughter shall have her to wife, and shall succeed to his kingdom and 
 estates. Then gentlemen come from all parts of England with their front 
 fingers cut off, and with tongues of every description. For they go about 
 shooting wild beasts on purpose, but never can find a dragon to shoot. And 
 little boy comes up very disconsolately once or twice, and the princess notices 
 him. But king is angry, and turns him out. Princess feels sure she knows" 
 that boy. Kings" sons continue to present themselves, and after a time the 
 boy comes up again, dressed a little better. King says to daughter, "I see 
 you have an eye on that boy, and if it is to be him, it has to be him." All the 
 
 ^ See note 72. 
 
GYPSY-LORE JOURNAL. HALTRICH. KOLBERG. 45 I 
 
 Other suitors are ready to kill him and wish him turned out ; but king says, 
 let him show his claim. — (7) Then boy shows the diamond ring with prin- 
 cess's name in it, and the fiery dragon's tongue ; and he is married to the 
 king's daughter, and has all his estate. Stepfather now comes and wants to 
 own him, but the young king doesn't know such a man. 
 
 JosEF Haltrich, Deutsche Volksmdrchen, aus dem Sachsenlande 324 
 in Siebenbiirgen. Wien, 1882. Pp. 96-100. No. XXIV. 
 
 "Das Rosenmadchen." 
 
 (l) Hero seeks rose-girl, whose castle is guarded by a dragon. Bees con- 
 duct him to her castle, where he hires himself as gooseherd. — (2) He learns 
 that she goes every night to a ball, and, by means of magic wishing-bell 
 which his mother gave him, he gets a copper horse and mantle, a silver 
 horse and mantle, lastly, a gold horse and mantle j goes three nights to the 
 ball, and dances with the rose-girl. — (3) She falls in love with him, and her 
 mother counsels her to put some pitch in his hair that she m^y know him 
 elsewhere. — (4) In this way he is recognised next day when they see him as 
 
 gooseherd, and he helps them to escape from the dragon (The story 
 
 does not end here.) 
 
 Ibid., pp. 195-96. No. XLVII. 326 
 
 " Der Aschenputtel wird Konig." 
 
 (i) Peasant has three sons : the youngest is abused and mocked by elder 
 brothers, and, because he is always sitting in the ashes, they call him Aschen- 
 puttel. — (2) The king dies, and, according to custom, all the people are to 
 assemble in the royal meadow for the Lord to set the crown on the head of 
 whomsoever he will. Hero wants to go with elder brothers, but they deride 
 him, and bid him bide at home. — (3) He steals out after them, and reaches 
 the meadow, but, afraid of being recognised by his brothers, he hides in a 
 pig-sty. The crown is laid on the hill and the bells are rung. — (4) The 
 crown is raised aloft in the air, hovers over the heads of all, then settles 
 on the pig-sty. There they find Aschenputtel, and all bow the knee to the 
 new king. 
 
 O. Kolberg, Lud. Krakowskie. (The people; province of 326 
 Cracow.) Vol. iv, pp. 1-3. 
 
 " Les trois Freres Chevaliers." 
 
 (i) Dying father bequeathes three magic whips to his youngest son, who is 
 stupid, and generally lying by the stove, whence he is called Piecuch (from 
 /tVf = oven). — (2) By means of magic whips he is thrice victorious at the con- 
 tests for the hand of the king's daughter. 
 
 G G 2 
 
452 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 327 ^^'^•' PP- 3-5- 
 
 [A similar story.] (i) The hero is " black as a sweep, and always by the 
 stove". — (2) He succeeds in scaling a glass mountain, and marries the king's 
 daughter. 
 
 328 O. KoLBERG, Lud. Sandomierskie. (The people ; province of 
 Sandomierz.) Warsaw, 1865. Pp. 274-76. 
 
 (i) Dying father bids his three sons (two clever and the youngest stupid) 
 watch by turns for three nights on his tomb. — (2) The two elder send the 
 youngest each night, and dead father gives him three talismans, an (?) ivory 
 apple {unepomme d' elephant), a snufF-box, and a trumpet, and hides them for 
 him. — (3) King announces that whosoever can ride mid-air round his castle 
 shall wed his daughter. — (4) Youngest son, who is usually asleep behind the 
 stove, dresses himself magnificently, gets a miraculous horse by means of his 
 talismans, and accomplishes the task. Then he hides behind the stove. — 
 (5) Long search is made for the champion, who is at last discovered. — (6) He 
 weds the princess. 
 
 329 O. KoLBERG, Lud. Kujawy. (Province of Kujawy.) 2 vols. 
 Warsaw, 1867. Vol. i, pp. 127-29. 
 
 "The Glass Mountain." 
 
 (l) King puts his daughter in a glass mountain, and announces that whoso- 
 ever can reach her shall marry her. — (2) In the forest there lives a man, called 
 "King of the Mice" [or, in other versions, "Cloak of Mice"] ; he has often 
 gained the mountain, and eluded the soldiers. — (3) At the same time there is 
 a peasant who has two sons ; the younger, who is supposed to be stupid, goes 
 into the forest, slays the king of the mice, dons his garb, and thrice succeeds 
 in reaching the princess. — (4) The king gives her to him in marriage. — (5) A 
 war breaks out. The king's son-in-law completely vanquishes the enemy, 
 and becomes king himself. 
 
 330 O. Kolberg, Lud. Lubelskie. (Province of Lublin.) Vol. ii, 
 pp. 180-83. (Taken down near Lublin.) 
 
 "The old IVEan with the Beard." 
 
 (l) A nobleman, when out hunting, catches a monster, one ell in height, 
 and with a beard one ell long. He shuts it up so as to show it to his neigh- 
 bours. — (2) His young son, taking pity on the prisoner, lets him escape. — 
 (3) Father orders servant to slay his son ; but servant lets him run away, and 
 kills a dog instead. — (4) Young man takes service as scullion to a nobleman, 
 who has four daughters. He receives gorgeous clothes from the grateful 
 
kOLBERG. — KRAUSS. — KRISTENSEN. 453 
 
 dwarf; all the daughters fall in love with him.— (5) The youngest marries him; 
 his father is invited to the wedding. — (6) Hero makes known the truth, and 
 his father kills himself in despair. 
 
 Friedrich S. Y^'R.w^?,^ Sagen und Mdrchen der Sildslaven. 331 
 
 Leipzig, 1883-84. Vol. ii, p. 346. No. 139. 
 
 " Held Hirte und das scheckige Kuhlein." 
 
 ( I ) An old man's son cannot get food enough at home, and, because he 
 complains about it, his father turns him out. He takes situation as cowherd at 
 an inn. The first day at dinner-time, when the other herds begin to eat, hero 
 sits empty-handed, and begins to cry. — (2) A spotted cow walks up to him, 
 and asks why he cries, and hearing it is because he has no dinner, says, 
 '* Screw my right horn off, and you will therein find a cloth ; spread it, and 
 you will get food in plenty." Boy does so, eats, then returns cloth to horn, 
 which he screws on again. He cannot eat his supper at home that evening, 
 and next morning only gets half his allowance of food. Next day he gets his 
 dinner from magic cloth, as before, and in the evening can only eat half of his 
 half-share of supper. Next day he only eats a quarter of his usual portion, so a 
 spy is sent to get at the secret. Spotted cow warns boy, and gets all the 
 other cows to stand round. For all that the spy sees everything, and returns 
 to tell innkeeper. — (3) Spotted cow won't go home that evening, but stays in 
 the field all that night and the next. Cow tells hero that she is to be shot ; 
 he must run home, get all his clothes, and escape with her. Boy does so, 
 then gets on cow's back. Immediately she spreads out wings, and they go 
 apace. — (4) They enter a wood where the cow's enemy, a huge dragon, dwells 
 in a hollow tree. Hero collects some dry grass, and stops up the opening 
 above and beneath. He sets fire to the grass, and the dragon perishes. — ' 
 (5) They now journey on to a large hill, the cow's home, where they live 
 many years, till hero grows as strong as an animal. He must then try to 
 pull up a tree, roots and all. He cannot, so must stay seven years more. 
 [Here the tale passes into a variant of Grimm's No. 71, ** How Six Men got 
 on in the World," and of ** Shepherd Paul" in Jones and Kropf 's Magyar 
 Tales.] 
 
 E. T. Kristensen, Danske Folkeceventyr, opt. af Folkeminde- 33^ 
 samfundets Medlemmer (1888). P. 174. No. XXVI. (Nar- 
 rated by Ane Nielsen [a farmer's daughter, still living] ; from 
 Lisbjaerg Terp, Jutland.) 
 
 " Tyren og Prinsessen pA Glasbj^erget" (The Bull and the 
 Princess on the Glass Mountain). 
 
 ( I ) Widower with one son marries widow with one son. Stepmother ill- 
 treats hero, and makes him herd cattle, among which is an enormous bull, a 
 
454 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 terror to all. Hero gets only some burnt crusts and some milk for his dinner. 
 — (2) Bull tells him to stroke its back ; he does so ; gets butter, bread, and a 
 sausage. He can eat nothing on his return home, and will not explain why. — 
 (3) Next day stepmother sends own son to spy ; he reports what he sees, and 
 stepmother orders boy and bull to be burned. — (4) Great pile of wood is 
 kindled ; hero mounts ox ; stepmother bids him draw the pile of wood ; he 
 refuses ; bull instantly takes stepmother on his horns and tosses her into fire. 
 — (5) Bull rushes off with hero on his' back. They pass a forest of apple-trees ; 
 hero is forbidden to touch, but cannot help wishing he had some apples. The 
 wish is barely uttered when forest begins to tremble. Bull reproves hero for 
 having taken an apple. But he has not. *' Look in your pocket for it! " It 
 is no use throwing it away ; for immediately a three-headed troll rushes forth. 
 Bull tosses him up into the tops of the trees. Troll is willing to give up his 
 apples, but bull requires the horse he has at home. Troll refuses it and is 
 tossed again. They get the horse and leave the troll alone. — (6) They come 
 to another foiest with still more beautiful apples. Hero wishes as before. A 
 six-headed troll appears, and is tossed by bull till he gives up a spade and 
 shovel. — (7) They come to a third forest. Boy again wishes for apples. Nine- 
 headed troll appears, and is tossed until he gives up a bag of mist that hangs 
 behind his door. — (8) Bull carries boy to foot of two hills, bids him dig a hole, 
 put bull into ir, throw some earth over him after having laid shovel and spade 
 on him, and then seek employment in yonder castle. In a year he is to return 
 to dig up bull, remembering to bring with him a bowl of water, a bowl of 
 blood, and a bowl of milk. — (9) Hero is employed at castle as stable-boy to 
 help the groom. — (10) Troll is going to fetch princess. She has been brought 
 up on a glass mountain, where she keeps a silver apple and a gold apple. 
 "Whoever can ride up glass mountain and take first the silver apple, the second 
 time the gold apple, and the third time kiss the princess, is to be her husband. 
 Many try in vain. Hero rides in black on a black steed, in yellow on a yellow 
 steed, in white on a white steed, kisses and wins htr. — (11) At the foot of the 
 mountain the other competitors try to surround him to find out who he is ; but 
 he has brought with him the bag of mist, pours it out, and passes them unseen, 
 — (12) King arranges a feast. Knights assemble, each bringing sham gold 
 and silver apples which they have had made by gold- and silver- smiths. Hero 
 rides up and throws silver apple to princess. Next day he appears on yellow 
 horse and throws the gold apple. On the third day he rides the white horse. 
 The gates are closed behind him. The other competitors notice that there is 
 a piece gone from the tail of his coat (for the princess had torn it off the day 
 he kissed her). Accordingly they all lear bits from their coats. — (13) Hero 
 appears before piincess, and because the piece of cloth fits his coat she recog- 
 nises him as her deliverer. They are to be married. — (14) Before the wedding 
 hero wants to go for a drive, and takes with him water, blood, and milk. 
 Princess accompanies him, but is not allowed 10 follow to bull's grave. Hero 
 digs down till he reaches the spade and shovel, when the work is finished by 
 magic, without his aid. Bull says : "Cut off my head ; wash it in water, milk, 
 and blood, after laying it at my tail." This done, immediately a handsome 
 youth stands before hero and tells him he is the bon of the queen of the castle, 
 
LEGER. — PROF. MOE'S MS. COLLECTION. 455 
 
 and that he was transformed to a bull by his stepmother, who is now dead, 
 having expired at the moment of his deliverance. The prince dons a white 
 suit brought by the white horse which has come running up to them. They 
 join princess, who instantly recognises her brother ; then all drive home, where 
 they hear of queen's recent sudden death. — (15) Hero and princess are married. 
 The retransformed prince marries a neighbouring princess. 
 
 Louis Leger, Contes populaires Slaves, Paris, 1882. Pp. 203- 333 
 TO. No. XXV. (A Slovac tale; taken from Recueil de lift, 
 pop. Slovaque^ published by "la Matica" [Literary Society]. 
 Vienna, 1870. Vol. i.) 
 
 "Les deux Freres." 
 
 (i) Poor peasant has two sons, Jozka and Janko. The latter works in the 
 house, and being stupid and clumsy, is called Cendrillot. — {2) Jozka is a 
 journeyman cobbler, and one day, when setting out, his mother gives him sonoa 
 cakes, and his father his blessing. Ants ask for some of the cake, which he 
 refuses them. A fish has jumped out of water, and he refuses to replace it. Some 
 devils are disputing and fighting at the cross-roads, and he does not attempt to 
 separate them. When he has eaten his cakes he returns home ; Janko re- 
 proaches him with having effected nothing. — (3) He sets out himself ; father 
 gives him water which will heal all diseases ; mother makes him a loaf for 
 the journey. He rests where his brother had rested, eats some bread, and 
 feeds the ants. Arrived at river, he throws carp back into water. He separates 
 the fighting devils. — (4) Reaches a town where everyone is mourning ; king's 
 daughter is in mortal agony, and whoever can cure her shall marry her. Janko 
 asks for an interview, and cures her with magic water. — (5) Princess does not 
 want to marry him ; he must first perform tasks. She mixes together two 
 bagfuls of poppy-seeds and two of ashes ; he must separate them by next day. 
 Ants perform task. — (6) Princess will not marry him. He must procure the 
 most precious pearl from the bottom of the sea. Fish gets it for him. — 
 
 (7) For third task he must bring a rose from hell. Devils pick him a lovely 
 rose from Lucifer's garden. Janko's face is quite black from the hell-fire. — 
 
 (8) Princess is pleased with rose, but not with black Janko ; yet she must 
 keep her word ; so dons wedding robes, and the priceless pearl shines from 
 htr crown. She marries Janko. 
 
 Prof. Moltke Moe's Unpublished Collection. (From Bo 334 
 and Hitterdal.) 
 
 " GuTTEN OG Stuten" (The Boy and the Ox). 
 
 (i) A boy who is in giant's service is set to clean the stable of an ox. 
 Finding task insurmountable, he drives a plug into the ox. When giant comes 
 to see if work is done, the plug flies out with great force and hits him in the 
 
456 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 head, smashing it to pieces. — (2) Boy mounts the ox and rides "far and farther 
 than far". They come to an immense wood with trees and leaves of brass. Ox 
 cautions boy not to touch the leaves, or to speak, or name the ox. They have 
 almost passed the wood, when boy plucks a brass leaf. ** Who is it that 
 passes my wood ?" says the giant, who is so furious that fire sparkles from him. 
 "That you will soon learn !" says the ox, as he rushes at him and kills him. 
 The same thing happens when they pass the wood with trees and leaves of 
 tin ; also when they reach the silver wood. — (3) But here, whilst fighting the 
 giant, the ox receives a wound. The boy says, " Blood is dripping from you, 
 ox !" At the same moment the ox loses all his power, and the giant kills him 
 and the boy together. 
 
 335 Roumanian Fairy Tales and Legends. London, 188 1. Pp. 1-20. 
 "The Slippers of the Twelve Princesses." 
 
 (i) A zina^ or fairy, appears thrice in a dream to cowherd, bids him go to 
 court of a certain emperor, and he will marry a princess. — (2) He is engaged 
 as gardener ; must every day give bouquet to each of the princesses. Emperor 
 proclaims that anyone discovering how twelve princesses wear out their shoes 
 in a single night^ shall wed any one of them. — (3) Fairy appears to hero, 
 gives him two laurel branches, gold spade, gold watering-pot, and silk veil. 
 He plants laurels as bidden, says, '* Beautiful laurels, with a golden spade I 
 have dug you, with golden watering-pot I have watered you, with silken veil 
 I have wiped you", and gets every wish fulfilled. — (4) Becomes invisible, 
 hides in princesses' room, follows them through invisible door to enchanted 
 bowers with leaves of silver and gold and jewels ; sees them row on lake in 
 twelve boats with twelve emperors' sons, to whom they have given enchanted 
 beverage, and with whom they afterwards dance till shoes are in holes. — (5) 
 Hero falls in love with one of the princesses, and on three following days 
 gives her in the usual bouquet the branch of silver leaves, gold leaves, and 
 jewel leaves which he has plucked the preceding night. — (6) Princesses, 
 finding secret discovered, invite gardener to their revels, meaning to give him 
 enchanted beverage. Hero gets magic clothes from laurels, and fourth night 
 accompanies princesses, having emperor's permission to hide in their room, 
 as others have done, to discover their secret. — (7) Eventually he marries his 
 favourite princess. 
 
 336 P. M. SoEGAARD, I Fjeldbygderne. Christiania, 1868. Pp. 13-17. 
 
 "Vesle brune Okse" (Little Brown Ox). 
 
 (i) Poor labourer, who has many children, sends eldest boy out into the 
 world. He becomes a shepherd. — (2) His mistress is an avaricious, wicked 
 woman, and nearly starves him. When the rest of the cattle are sleeping a 
 
 ^ See note 73. 
 
SOEGAARD. — SPITTA-BEV. 457 
 
 magic ox amongst them turns his ear to the boy, who finds therein butter, 
 cakes, and cheese. When he is satisfied ox says, ** Are you thirsty, John? 
 Drink from my horn." Thence he drinks beer ; has never tasted better. — (3) 
 After some time mistress sends daughter to discover secret. She feigns sleep, 
 and watches everything. — (4) Mistress orders ox to be slain. John asks 
 leave to give the blow instead of butcher. He takes the axe, and happens to 
 strike mistress on the head. She faints. — (5) Ox jumps up, takes John on 
 his back, and runs away. — (6) They come across a number of horsemen, who 
 ride up steep mountain to win princess. She sits on the top, holding a twig 
 of gold, a twig of silver, and one of tin. If she does not care for a man she 
 will give him tin twig, should he reach the top ; if she likes him she will 
 give him the silver twig, and he will have to try once more ; if she loves him 
 she will give him the golden twig. — (7) None of the suitors have reached more 
 than halfway up ; but John gets to the top and receives the gold twig. From 
 that day the little brown ox stands in the king's stable, and is caressed and 
 cared for like the most beautiful horse. 
 
 GuiLLAUME Spitta-Bey, Contes arabes modernes. Leide, Paris, 337 
 1883. Pp. 152-61. No. XII. 
 
 "HisToiRE DU Prince et de son Cheval.^ 
 
 (i) Sultan has son born to him ; at the same time a mare of pure strain 
 bears a foal, which sultan says shall belong to the new-born child. — (2) 
 Child's mother dies when he is still a youth ; and the mare dies also. Sultan 
 marries again, and boy is sent to school. Every day, on his return, he visits 
 the foal, and caresses and feeds it. — (3) The slave whom the sultan has 
 married has a lover, a Jew, who conspires with her to poison the child 
 because he is an obstacle to their meeting. On visiting the foal, hero finds it 
 weeping, and when he asks why, learns that his own death is planned. 
 Horse tells him to beware of poison, so he gives his food to the cat, and it 
 dies. Jew knows that only the horse can have warned him. — (4) He tells 
 stepmother to rub her body all over with some ointment and feign illness, and 
 he will pretend to be a doctor. Sultan sends for him to attend wife, and he 
 says that the only cure for queen is the heart^ of the foal of a mare of pure 
 strain. — (5) Hero asks to be allowed to have one ride on his horse before it is 
 killed for his stepmother. A cavalcade is in readiness to attend him, and he 
 mounts his horse and gallops out of sight of all. When he has entered another 
 kingdom he dismounts, buys a poor man's rags for ten mahboubs, dons them, 
 and puts his own clothes on horse's back. Horse gives him one of his hairs 
 and a flint for striking spark, and says if he ever wants him he has but to set 
 light to the hair and horse will be at his side. — (6) He parts from horse and 
 goes to king's garden, and gets engaged by head-gardener to drive the ox 
 which turns the water-wheel. For several days he works thus ; then summons 
 
 1 See note 74. ■* See note 75. 
 
458 CINDERELLA VARL\NTS. 
 
 his horse, dons his own clothes, and gallops about the garden. — (7) King's 
 youngest daughter sees him from her window and falls in love with him. He 
 resumes his rags and continues at the water-wheel. Gardener comes and asks 
 who has made garden so untidy. He says he does not know. Gardener ties 
 him to tree, meaning to thrash him ; kmg's daughter cries out to let him alone. 
 Hero returns to the water-wheel. Every day, king's daughter orders from 
 him a biscuit and a fowl. — (8) She remarks to her sisters it is high time they 
 were all married. Queen tells king, who makes proclamation that every man 
 is to pass beneath the ladies' castle, for they wish to choose husbands. If any 
 one should please either of the princesses she is to throw her kerchief to him. 
 The young men pass by, and six of the sisters make their choice. But 
 youngest has not thrown her kerchief to any. The king is told, and says there 
 is no one left except the poor fellow at the water-wheel. He is fetched ; she 
 throws her kerchief to him ; the king is angry. — (9) The marriage contracts 
 are signed, and the wedding of the six sisters celebrated. But the youngest is 
 shut up in a room with her husband. King falls ill with grief. — (10) Doctor 
 orders him milk of a virgin bear in the skin of a virgin bear. King sends his 
 six sons-in-law to procure it. When they have set out on their fine steeds, 
 hero goes to the miller, borrows his lame mare, and rides off. The inhabitants 
 make fun of him. He strikes his flint to fetch magic horse, then bids it form 
 a camp, the beginning of which is not known, the limit of which is not seen, 
 and let it be full of bears. It is even so. Hero finds a tent of gold embroidered 
 with pearls prepared for himself. The six sons in-law draw near, rejoice to 
 see the camp and the bears, and tell the camp-servants that they want some 
 bear's milk. .They are told to enter king's tent. Hero inquires what they 
 want. — (n) He will give them the milk, on condition that each of them con- 
 sents to having a circle and a rod burnt on his back. He brands them all ; 
 then brings an old bear, cuts its throat, and fills its skin with the milk of 
 another old bear. They take it and go. Then hero skins a virgin bear, and 
 takes the milk of another virgin bear. Thanking his magic horse, he departs 
 on the lame mare, and is again ridiculed by the townsfolk when returning it 
 to the miller. He gives the milk to his wife to take to her mother. Doctors 
 have examined the milk brought by the sons-in-law, and say it is of no use, it 
 is an old bear's. — {12) But that which youngest daughter brings is all right, 
 and queen takes it to her husband, who is cured forthwith. — (13) A war 
 breaks out. The tents are pitched opposite the tents of the enemy. Hero 
 rides forth on miller's lame mare, summons magic horse, and begs that all 
 his hairs may flash forth fire. He advances to the king, offers his services in 
 battle, and slays one- third of the enemy, his horse casting flames about. He 
 vanishes. King wishes it had been his sons-in-law. — (14) Next day hero 
 does just as before. King takes off his own ring and puts it on the stranger's 
 finger ere he vanishes. — (15) Next day hero descends into the fight and kills 
 the remainder of the enemy. His arm is wounded, and the king binds it 
 with his royal kerchief. The slrarger vanishes.— (16) Youngest daughter 
 being told what has happened, goes to mother, saying, ** Get my father to 
 come and see his ring and his kerchief." King is told, and finding them upon 
 Mohammed the Wise (the hero), falls at his feet and bids him tell his story. 
 
SPITTA-BEY. — STIER. 459 
 
 Hero says he is a prince, and the six sons-in-law are his father's mamlouksy 
 whom once he struck and they took to flight. Fearing his father's displeasure, 
 he set out in pursuit of them to bring them back ; but finding they were the 
 king's sons-in-law he held his peace. King's youngest daughter saw him in 
 the garden, and recognised his royal estate, ** Here is your daughter, she is 
 still unwed." — (17) The wedding is celebrated, and hero takes leave of king, 
 and carries his bride to his father's kingdom. His father is dead, and hero 
 succeeds him. — (18) He sends for the Jew and for his father's widow, and has 
 them thrown into the fire and consumed. 
 
 Stier, Ungarische Sagen und Mdrchen. Berlin, 1850. Pp. 91-95. 338 
 No. XIV. (From Pesth.) 
 
 "ASCHENBRODEL."^ 
 
 (i) Peasant has three sons. He sends the eldest to mind his vines. A 
 toad asks him for a piece of his cake. He refuses to give it, throws a stone 
 at toad, and falls asleep. When he wakes up a number of the vines have 
 been trampled down. Same thing happens next day when second son is sent. 
 — (2) On the third day the youngest son, who is called Aschenbrodel, because 
 he sits in the ashes, and is considered good for nothing, asks to be sent to 
 keep guard over the grapes. They laugh at him, but let him go and try. 
 He willingly spares some cake for the toad, who gives him a copper, a silver, 
 and a golden switch, and tells him that ere long three horses, copper, silver, and 
 gold, will come to tread down the vines ; but he has only to strike the horses 
 with the three switches, and they will become tame and obedient, and will 
 afterwards appear at command. So it happens ; and there is a fine harvest 
 of giapes ; but Aschenbrodel does not tell father how he guarded them.— (3) 
 One Sunday the king places a high fir-pole in front of the church, and on 
 the top of it a gold rosemary, and promises his daughter to the man who can 
 reach the rosemary with one spring from his horse's back. All the knights in 
 the land make the attempt, but none can jump high enough. A young knight 
 in copper armour on a copper horse seizes the rosemary at an easy bound, and 
 vanishes. — (4) When the brothers return home and tell Aschenbrodel, he says 
 he saw the whole thing much better from the fence. Brothers pull it down. — 
 (5) Next Sunday a gold apple is placed on the top of a still higher pole. 
 Hundreds try in vain to reach it. It is carried off by a knight in silver 
 armour on a silver steed. — (6) Aschenbrodel tells brothers he saw capitally 
 from the stable, which is accordingly pulled dowu. — (7) Third Sunday a 
 golden silk kerchief is placed on a much higher pole, and it is carried off by 
 a knight in gold armour on a gold steed. — (8) Aschenbrodel tells brothers 
 he saw all from the ledge of the roof. They break it down. — {9) King 
 proclaims that the knight who has deserved his daughter should make 
 himself known by bringing the rosemary, the apple, and the kerchief. No 
 
 ;: 
 
 See note 76. 
 
460 CINDERELLA VARIANTS. 
 
 one comes. Then king invites all the men in the kingdom to come and 
 see him ; but the stranger knight is not amongst them. — (10) At last he 
 appears in golden apparel on golden steed. Bells ring, cannons sound. Hero 
 gives the trophies to princess, takes off his helmet, and is recognised as 
 Aschenbrodel by the astonished populace. — (11) Hero marries king's daugh- 
 ter, rebuilds house for brothers, and takes father to live with him. Bride's 
 father soon dies, and Aschenbrodel inherits all. 
 
 339 Geo. McCall Theal, Kaffir Folk-lore. 2nd edition. London, 
 
 1886. Pp. 169-71. 
 
 "Story of the Wonderful Horns." 
 
 (i) Hero's mother being dead, he is ill-treated by his other mothers. — (2) 
 He determines to leave home, and rides off on an ox given to him by his 
 father. They come to herd of cattle with a bull. Boy dismounts ; ox fights 
 and overcomes bull. Boy rides on again. — (3) Feeling hungry, he strikes 
 right horn of ox, and food comes out. Having eaten, he strikes left horn, 
 and the remaining food goes in again. Boy sees a herd of dun-coloured 
 cattle. Ox says, ** I will fight and die there. Break off my horns and 
 take them with you. When hungry, speak to them, and they will supply 
 food." — (4) The ox is killed, and hero takes the horns and walks on to 
 village where people are cooking the weed tyutu^ having nothing else for 
 food. Hero enters a house, speaks to horn, and gets food enough for himself 
 and owner of house. Having eaten, they fall asleep. — (5) Owner of house 
 hides magic horns, substituting others. Hero starts off next morning, but 
 when he speaks to horns no food comes. He returns to house, hears owner 
 speaking to magic horns, but getting nothing from them. He takes them 
 from thief and journeys on to another house, where he may not enter because 
 ragged and travel-stained. — (6) He comes to a river, and sits down on the 
 bank. He speaks to horns, and a new mantle and handsome ornaments 
 come forth. — (7) Dressed in these, he is received at a house whose owner has 
 a beautiful daughter ; he stays there, his horns providing food and clothing 
 for them all. — (8) After a time he marries daughter ; takes her home, and is 
 welcomed by his father. — (9) He speaks to horns, and gets a fine house in 
 which to live with his wife. 
 
 340 Dr. M. Toeppen, Aberglauben aus Masuren^ mit einem Anhange 
 enthaltend : Masurische Sagen und Mdhrchen. Danzig, 1867. 
 Pp. 148-50. (From Little Jerut.) 
 
 " Der Ritt in das vierte Stockwerk." 
 
 (i) Dying father bids his three sons (the youngest of whom is deemed 
 stupid) watch one night each on his grave. — (2) Eldest son is afraid to do so, 
 and youngest watches in his stead. At midnight grave opens ; dead father 
 
TOEPPEN. — ZINGERLE. 46 1 
 
 comes forth and gives son three switches. — (3) Second night hero watches 
 instead of second son, and receives from father a ball of thread. Hero tells 
 nothing to brothers. — (4) In the town is a king who has promised his daugh- 
 ter in marriage to anyone who can twice ride on horseback to the fourth storey 
 of the castle. Princess will give the successful rider, first a kerchief, and the 
 second time a ring, in token of his accomplishment. Many have already tried 
 in vain. — (5) When hero goes on third night on his own account to watch on 
 father's grave, father commends him for his faithfulness, and says that if he 
 would like to win the princess he must go to the oak-tree in the garden, 
 strike its stem with the three switches, and he will then see what he is further 
 to do. — (6) Next day the two brothers determine to try for the princess, and 
 bid youngest stay at home to mind the pigs and heat the oven. When they 
 have started hero strikes the oak tree, bids it open, and takes out gorgeous 
 attire and a golden saddle-horse. He reaches the castle, rides up to the 
 fourth storey, and receives the kerchief from the princess. When brothers 
 return and find him in his accustomed place, as though naught had happened, 
 they mock him.— (7) Next day, when they have started to castle, hero equips 
 himself at the oak-tree, rides up the castle-walls, and wins the ring from the 
 princess. On the way home someone shoots at him, wounding his foot. He 
 leaves outfit and horse, kerchief and ring, in the oak-tree, and goes home. — 
 (8) Princess seeks for the prince who has won her, and learning that he 
 has been lamed, she gives orders for every lame person to be brought before 
 her. The messengers come to the house of the three brothers. The two 
 elder confess that the youngest is lame, though it cannot be he that they seek. 
 —(9) But they take him to the princess, who weeps at the thought of marry- 
 ing one so ugly and dirty. Hero goes to the oak-tree, dons the magic dress, 
 and rides back to the princess on the golden steed. A servant follows after 
 him with six golden horses and twelve silver mares with twelve silver foals, 
 all of which henceforth are his. — (10) He shows the kerchief and ring ; the 
 princess rejoices, and they are married. 
 
 ZiNGERLE, Ignaz und Josef, Kinder- und Hausnidrchen aus Sild- 341 
 deutschland. Regensburg, 1854. Pp. 395-403. (Heard at 
 Absam.) 
 
 "Der Aschentagger." 
 
 (i) A peasant lives in forest with three sons. The two elder are active lads, 
 the youngest is an idle booby who is fit for no work. Though twenty years 
 old, he wears a child's frock and sits all day on the hearth, so that he is called 
 ''Aschentagger". When father is dying, he bids each son come in turn to his 
 grave for the first three nights after his death, and he will help them with word 
 and deed. — (2) Eldest son fears to go, and promises Hansl, the youngest, a 
 loaf of bread if he will go in his stead. Hansl agrees, and waits till midnight 
 at father's grave, when, as clock strikes twelve, father rises from tomb, calls 
 Hansl his best son, and gives him a bridle, which will one day prove of great 
 service, Hansl hangs bridle in empty stable, and says nothing about it to 
 
462 CINDERELLA VARLA.NTS. 
 
 brothers. — (3) Second night he gets a loaf of bread from second brother, and 
 goes in his stead to grave, where father gives him a thong. He spends the day 
 among the ?shes as usual. — (4) Third night father gives him a Spanish staff, 
 then vanishes. Hansl does not tell brothers, but, putting staff" v^^ith bridle 
 and thong in stable, he returns to hearth. — (5) Near to their home is a steep 
 wall of rock, at the top of which is a beautiful table-land. The approach from 
 the front is perilous, but at the back the way is easy. King has proclaimed 
 that whoever can ascend the rock from the front shall wed his daughter. A 
 day is fixed for the trial, and numbers assemble to witness the contest. Elder 
 brothers go, and tell Hansl to bide at home and mind house. But Hansl takes 
 bridle and whip, and hobbles into the wood. There he finds a splendid dappled 
 steed tied to a fir-tree, and on another tree a silver suit of armour. He dons 
 the armour and bestrides the steed, and, in a trice, is at the foot of the preci- 
 pice. All make way for the unknown knight, and the steed carries him safely 
 to the summit of the rock. King's daughter hastens to meet him, and would 
 embrace and kiss him, but Hansl, not comprehending, avoids the kiss and rides 
 away like the wind into the wood, where he leaves horse and armour, then 
 returns to the hearth as though he had never left it. — (6) King's daughter was 
 so well pleased with stranger knight that she asks king to arrange another con- 
 test, when he might come again. All happens as before. Again the princess 
 would embrace Hansl, but he springs away, and rides at full speed towards the 
 wood. But king has stationed strong guard, and promised a reward for stop- 
 ping the knight. King himself stands by them. Hansl is instantly surrounded, 
 and, whilst dealing blows right and left with his thong, is wounded in the foot. 
 He calls for a bandage, and king takes his own handkerchief to bind up the 
 wound. But the guard are somewhat scattered, and Hansl puts spurs to his 
 steed and away ! Brothers return, find him playing with ashes, and tell him 
 of stranger knight, — (7) Princess is inconsolable at losing her champion, and 
 king sends commission throughout the land to visit every man and boor, and 
 find the wounded knight. They come to the brothers' house, but find no 
 wounded man. Elder brothers confess that there is another man in the house, 
 but he is a perfect booby. Messengers examine him, and finding king's own 
 handkerchief on him, they carry him off" to the king and his daughter. — (8) 
 Princess weeps at sight of dirty Hansl, and king says he must prove his valour 
 by slaying the fearful snake that devours their folk and flocks. Hansl agrees, 
 and goes home to fetch Spanish staff; trips off" to the wood, blowing a whistle 
 he had once bought at a fair. Presently the dreadful viper appears, and he 
 strikes it dead with his staff". King is delighted with so brave a son-in-law, 
 but princess laments, and will not accept him. Hansl has now to take up his 
 abode at the court ; but he is troubled to see the princess always weeping. — 
 (9) So he goes home to fetch bridle and thong, finds the steed and silver armour, 
 and gallops full tilt to the court. Princess is at the window and sees her own 
 knight appear. "My bridegroom!" she says, and rushes to greet him. So 
 they are married, and the Aschentagger becomes a king's son-in-law. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 A.— CINDERELLA. 
 
 Note. — The following variants were noted after the earlier sheets of the 
 volume were in the press ; wherefore abstracts of them could not be included 
 in Part I. The correspondirg tabulations will, however, be found in biblio- 
 graphical order in Part ii. 
 
 Lidian Antiquary, Bombay (189 1). Vol. xx, pp. 142-47. "Folk- 307 
 lore in Salsette," by Geo. Fr. D'Penha. 
 
 " Bapkhadi." 
 
 Mendicant has wife and six daughters. Boiling rice poured 
 into his hand raises blister on thumb. Wife opens blister, arid 
 heroine comes forth. Six girls and heroine shut up whilst mother 
 makes rice-cakes ; they make excuse to be released in turn, and 
 eat all the cakes. Mother makes cakes of ashes for self and 
 husband. Father pretends to take seven girls to visit uncle, and 
 abandons them in forest whilst they sleep. Heroine only sleeps 
 whilst sucking father's thumb. He cuts it off, and leaves it in 
 her mouth. Girls suppose she has eaten father, and call her 
 Bapkhadi. They reach house with seven vacant rooms ; each 
 takes one ; heroine's room the best, containing [Magic] dresses 
 and gold shoes ; has stable attached — Meeting-place (church) — 
 Flight, manifold — Lost shoe — King's son pines for owner of 
 shoe ; hides in father's stable ; watches maidservants eat grain 
 and throw husks to horses ; calls out to them. They reveal 
 prince's hiding-place. King visits him, cheers him, and institutes 
 search for owner of shoe — Shoe marriage test — Happy marriage 
 — Sisters become heroine's waiting-maids. Prince goes on 
 voyage. Heroine bears son. Sisters blindfold her, bury child 
 alive under tree, and put stone in its place. Shower of gold 
 on prince's ship betokens birth of son. Prince hurries home ; 
 sisters show him stone — Prince takes second voyage. Heroine 
 bears son ; sisters bury child alive under tree, substituting cocoa- 
 
 H H 
 
466 APPENDIX. 
 
 nut broom — Shower of gold on prince's ship. Sisters show him 
 broom — Third voyage of prince — Heroine bears daughter, whom 
 sisters bury aUve in church, substituting another kind of broom — 
 Shower of silver on prince's ship. Sisters show him broom, and 
 calumniate heroine — Heroine stripped and thrown into dungeon. 
 Prince marries six sisters — Heroine's children come begging ; say 
 words which mystify prince ; refuse to take alms from six wives ; 
 bid prince call seventh wife. Three streams of milk from 
 heroine's breast penetrate seven curtains and run into children's 
 mouths — Heroine restored to favour — Villain Nemesis. Six 
 sisters despoiled and driven forth on donkeys. 
 
 [The two following stories approximate to the Cinderella 
 type :— ] 
 
 308 Francesco Mango, Novelline popolari Sarde, raccolte e anno- 
 tate dal. Palermo, 1890. (Pitre, Curio sita popolari tradizionali^ 
 vol. ix.) Pp. 134-36. 
 
 "La Maestra e la Figliastra." 
 
 Heroine asks father to marry her schoolmistress, who has 
 prompted her to do so. Iron shoes must wear out first. Heroine 
 pours water on them. Father marries schoolmistress — Ill-treated 
 heroine (by stepmother). Father urged to take heroine far from 
 home and desert her. Heroine devoured by wild beasts. 
 
 309 Ernst Meier, Deutsche Volksmdrchen aus Schwaben. Stuttgart, 
 1852. No. XLVIIl. Pp. 165-74. (From Heubach.) 
 
 "The young Countess and the Water-nymph." 
 
 Water-nymph promises to stand godmother to countess's child. 
 Daughter born ; all wait in church for water-nymph, who at 
 length appears and gives child little basket with three eggs — 
 Countess dies ; father marries again — Ill-treated heroine (she is 
 neglected by stepmother) — Heroine plays by the lake ; water- 
 nymph amuses her — Father's castle burnt down ; he is reduced 
 to poverty — Godmother aid — Menial heroine (scullion at castle) 
 — Heroine disguise (peasant's dress) — Magic dresses (from two 
 
A. — CINDERELLA. 467 
 
 of the wishing-eggs) — Meeting-place (ball) — Twofold flight — 
 Love-sick young master — Recognition food contains ring given 
 at ball — Happy marriage — Mother-in-law throws heroine's two 
 daughters in lake, and accuses her of murder. Heroine shut up 
 in red-hot oven. Third wishing-egg causes water-nymph to ap- 
 pear and cool fires. Heroine fetches her children from lake, 
 where godmother has succoured them ; father acknowledges them, 
 and begs forgiveness of wife — Villain Nemesis. 
 
 Leon Pineau, Les Contes populaires du Poitou. Paris, 1891. 310 
 No. V. Pp. 117-22. 
 
 "La Cendrouse." 
 
 Heroine, youngest, nicknamed Cinderella, despised, but not 
 ill-treated — Hearth abode — Gifts from father ; heroine chooses 
 nut ; it contains Magic dresses — Meeting-place (chm*ch) — Two- 
 fold flight — Lost shoe — Shoe marriage test on following Sunday 
 — Happy marriage. 
 
 H H 2 
 
468 APPENDIX. 
 
 B.— CATSKIN. 
 
 311 Leskien und Brugman, Litauische Volkslieder und Mdrchen. 
 Strassburg, 1882. Pp. 443-47. No. XXIV. 
 
 " Von der Ratte, die den Konigssohn zum Mann bekam." 
 
 Unnatural father — Dead mother help — Counter-tasks — 
 Magic dresses — Heroine disguise (rat-skin) — Heroine asks 
 leave to go to bath. Mother appears, and whirls her away in a 
 hurricane to stone cross, w^herein heroine hides bundle of dresses. 
 [Heroine flight] — Enraged father shoots himself— King finds 
 heroine, as rat; takes her to palace — King's son throws (i) boots, 
 (2) knife, (3) towel at heroine — Meeting-place (church) — Token 
 objects named — Threefold flight — Pitch-trap— Lost shoe— Shoe 
 marriage test — Happj'' marriage. 
 
 Leon Pineau, Les Contes populaires du Poitou. Paris, 1891, 
 No. III. Pp. 99-109. 
 
 "Le Bouc Blanc." 
 [This story is the same as No. 191, </. z;.] 
 
C. — CAP O' RUSHES. 469 
 
 C— CAP O' RUSHES. 
 
 FiNAMORE, Tradizioni popolari Abbruzzesi. Lanciano, 1882. 312 
 Vol. i, pp. 83-86. No. XVIII. 
 
 "Lu Rre Sselvagge." 
 
 Outcast heroine (through jealousy of elder sisters) — General 
 spares heroine's life ; deludes king with clothes soaked in blood 
 of dog — Son of wild king of the woods finds heroine ; takes her 
 to his father, who treats her as a daughter — Bird belonging to 
 neighbouring king warns her that wild king will devour her; 
 next day she retorts that she will marry bird's master. Bird 
 annoyed at this; its master watches, unseen, for heroine, and 
 falls in love — Happy marriage— Heroine's father attends wed- 
 ding ; tells of ill-treatment by elder daughters. 
 
 Imbriani, XII Conti Fomiglianest. Napoli, 1877. Pp. 42-45. 313 
 (From Avellino.) 
 
 '"E tre Figlie d' 'o Re." 
 
 King makes three daughters relate their dreams ; youngest has 
 dreamt that she will marry an emperor — Outcast heroine — Faith- 
 ful servant spares heroine's life, leaves her in the wood, and 
 deludes king with sheep's blood and one of heroine's" fingers — 
 Heroine sees distant light; comes to house of ogre; ogress 
 admits her, hides her from husband, and afterwards presents her 
 to him as own child — Heroine enters forbidden chamber and 
 goes out on balcony. Emperor's parrot warns her that ogre will 
 devour her ; next day she retorts that she will marry bird's master. 
 Bird, annoyed, tells master, who lies in wait to slay heroine. 
 Emperor falls in love with her— Happy marriage— Heroine's 
 father attends wedding : craves forgiveness. 
 
470 APPENDIX. 
 
 314 E. MoNSEUR, Le Folklore Wallon. Bruxelles, 1892. P. xxx. 
 (Narrated to M. Simon at Chatelineau.) 
 
 King Lear judgment — Loving like salt — Outcast heroine — 
 
 Heroine protected by another king, who gives banquet, and in- 
 vites her father— Value of salt. 
 
 315 PiTRE, Fiabe, Novelle e Racconti popolari Siciliani. {Bibl. delle 
 trad. pop. Sic, vol. iv.) Palermo, 1875. Pp- 83-88. No. X. 
 
 "L'ACQUA E LU SaLI." 
 
 King Lear judgment — Loving Kke salt and water — Outcast 
 heroine — Executioners, directed by elder sisters, spare heroine's 
 life, leave her in a cave, and delude king with dog's tongue and 
 rent garment — Magician finds heroine ; takes her to his home 
 opposite royal palace — King's son would marry heroine. 
 Magician bids her kill him day before wedding ; put a quarter of 
 him in each of four rooms, and sprinkle his blood in all rooms 
 and on stairs. Flesh and blood become gold and jewels — Happy 
 marriage — Value of salt and water. 
 
 316 3id., pp. 88-92. Variants of the above. 
 
 " II Padre Santo" (Polizzi-Generosa). 
 
 Merchant, leaving home with son, confides daughter to care of 
 holy father. He afterwards calumniates her to father, who sends 
 brother to slay her in wood. Brother spares her, and deludes 
 father with dog's blood, which he drinks. Heroine taken care of 
 by another holy father — Turkey-cock tells her that holy father 
 will eat her ; next day she replies that she is to be holy father's 
 heir. At her wedding she is to give crown, apple, and ribbon to 
 brother, an apple to father, and nothing to wicked holy father. 
 She must throw her protector into heated furnace, from which she 
 will then take baskets of crowns, apples, and ribbons — Happy 
 marriage — Explanation — Villain Nemesis (wicked holy father is 
 burnt). 
 
C. — CAP O' RUSHES. 47 1 
 
 "II Re di Francia" (Noto). 317 
 
 One of three daughters of King of France dreams she will 
 become queen, and father will pay her homage — Outcast heroine 
 — Heroine sent to be slain in wood ; her life is spared — Magician 
 befriends her — Parrot on king's balcony says magician will eat 
 her. Magician bids her reply that she is treated as his daughter. 
 [The rest proceeds as in type-story, see No. 315.] 
 
 "Lu CuNTU DI LU Sali" (Borgetto). 318 
 
 [Story differs very slightly from the above.] Parrot warns girl 
 that dragon will eat her ; dragon makes her reply that she will 
 marry king's son— Happy marriage — Value of salt. 
 
 I 
 
or THE ^ ^ 
 
 ^N/VERS/TY 
 
 OS 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 (Pp- 54. S5» 56.) Stories 137, 138, 140, and 141, although not strictly 
 within the Catskin group, are retained here as variants of the type-story, 
 
 (P. 128,) For objects taken out of animals' ears or horns, cf. Folk-lore 
 Record, ii, 188, Irish story of '* Conn-Eda" (balsam, a basket of meat, and a 
 knife, from horse's ear); ib., iii, 214, Danish story of "Mons Tro" (food 
 and drink from horse's ears). In the Mongolian story (see Folk-lore [ournal^ 
 iii, 321), an old man cuts his ox on the spine and lets it loose in a field. A 
 magpie pecks at the sore, a wolf tears the ox from behind, a fox falls on it in 
 front. The head alone is left, and says to old man : * ' Do not grieve ; break 
 my head in pieces, and in the two horns you will find enough to support you 
 without alms for six years." Old man finds in one horn silver and in the 
 other gold. See de Gubernatis, Zool. Myth.^i, 179-81; Luzel, Basse- Bretagne^ 
 legende ii, 264 ; Maclnnes, Folk and Hero Tales from Argyllshire, pp. 173 
 (wine and bread from horse, who is transformed old man), 437., In ib., p. i ff., 
 a thorn and stone from horse's ear create obstacles to pursuit, like the twig of 
 sloe and the bladder of water from the ear of the grey filly in ** The Battle of 
 the Birds" (Campbell, i, 32-34). 
 
 Compare the goat Amaltheia, whose horn supplied the nymphs who had 
 nursed Zeus with all they wished for. Another legend makes the nymph 
 Amaltheia possess a bull's horn which gives all manner of meat and drink. 
 This is the cornucopia of the goddess Fortuna. Grimm connects with this 
 the Kepas croorripias of Luke i, 69. {Teul. Myth., 871, 872, 1569.) Perhaps one 
 may equally compare the horn of David which was to bud, or, in the words of 
 the LXX, e|aj/OT€\cS Kipa.% t^ AojSlS (Ps. cxxxi, 17), and kvarfXit Kepas vavrl t^ 
 oUcp 'I(rpa^\ (Ez. xxix, 2i). Oberon's horn was a wishing-horn. In No. 45 of 
 this collection the heroine holds the green leaf behind the ear of the red calf, 
 and wishes for food. In the Pentamerone (Liebrecht, ii, 1 12) we read of sitting 
 down on the horns of a dead ox. These prove to be horns of plenty. In 
 No. 98 the heroine cuts off the bull's horn and keeps her dresses in it. The 
 ear cornucopia occurs in Nos. 13, 30, 45, 59, 99, 109, 1 10, 1 18; and in 
 the hero tales, Nos. 336, 339 (in the latter the horn, when broken off the dead 
 ox, still retairs its magical virtue); also in "The Black Bull of Norroway" 
 (see note 13). In No. 25 the cow gives milk ; in No. 26 the sheep brings 
 meat ; in No. 82 the heroine must touch the horns of the ox with one end 
 
474 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 of the magic wand to get food, and with the other end to get drink ; in 
 No. 123. she must knock the oM man's drawing of a sheep when she wants 
 food, and in No. 228 she bows to the cow's right foot to obtain it. In Nos. 
 230, 232, and 233 she must gently strike the black sheep with her wand, and a 
 table is spread ; in No. 236 the goat covers a table with food, and in No, 
 242 the bull opens with its horns the oak-tree containing the food-supply. 
 In No. 319 the hero takes a pipe out of the ox's left ear, and instantly the 
 magic table-cloth appears; while in No. 331 the magic food-producing cloth 
 is in the cow's right horn, which screws off. (In No. 10 the dead mother 
 gives the food-producing cloth.) In No. 332 the hero strokes the bull's back 
 to get food. In No. 320 he sucks the teat of the ewe and the ear of the ox. 
 
 In No. 227 the heroine's task is performed through her creeping in 
 at one of the cow's ears and out at the other ; while in Nos. 54 and 127 the 
 cow chews the flax and the thread comes out at her ear, and in No, 70 the flax 
 is put in at one ear and the linen drawn out at the other. 
 
 In No. 52 the goat spins the wool on his horns, and in No. 92 the ewe 
 does the work placed between her horns. In No. 34 the cow winds skeins, 
 and in No. 89 she also hollows out the loaf with her horn. In Nos. 24, 240, 
 and 249 she spins, and in Nos. 237, 246, 247, 249 she spins and winds. In 
 No. 243 the black lamb spins. 
 
 Prof. Moe notes a story in J. H. Wang's Ti norske Eventyr (Throndhjem, 
 1868, pp. 8, 10, 11), called "Pigen og Lammet", wherein the girl drinks the 
 blood of a living lamb, and it is changed into a costly drink ; she eats its ears, 
 and they are changed to costly dishes. 
 
 In Nos. 25 and 320 the stepchild is nourished with the milk of the helpful 
 animal. In " Les Deux Orphelins" (Riviere, Conies Kabyles, p. 67) — of which 
 story, as belonging to the Cinderella type, an abstract may here be given :— 
 the boy and girl drink the milk of the pet cow bequeathed to them by their 
 dead mother. Discovering this, the stepmother's children attempt likewise to 
 suck the cow, and the girl is kicked and blinded. Father at length almost 
 yields to wife's entreaty to sell cow, when an angel appears warning him not 
 to do so. On the following day, however, he sells it, and the orphans weep 
 on their mother's grave. Mother bids them beg the butcher for the cow's 
 intestines, and lay them on her grave. They do so, and two teats appear on 
 the spot, one yielding butter, the other honey for the children's support. But 
 when stepmother's children, again sent to spy, would likewise suck, they get 
 only filth and pitch in their mouths. Next day stepmother digs up the teats 
 and throws them away, and the dead mother, no longer able to help her 
 children, sends them away to beg. They reach a palace, and are admitted as 
 servants. After a time the sultan marries the girl, and her brother eventually 
 becomes sultan himself. 
 
 3. 
 
 (P. 138.) In Cosquin's No. LXXVIII [Conies lorrains, ii, 323), the 
 
 daughter of a merchant of I,yons is hated by her mother, who tells servant to 
 
 kill her and bring back her heart **tout vif". The servant takes a dog's 
 
 heart to his mistress, and the girl hides in a hollow oak-tree, where she is 
 
NOTES. 
 
 475 
 
 found by the count, who is out hunting. Similarly, in the " Histoire de 
 la fille vertueuse" (Spitta-Bey, Contes Arabes Moderties, story No. VI 
 p. 87), the heroine is calumniated to father during his absence from 
 home, and he sends her brother to slay her, and bring a flask of her 
 blood in proof of her death. Brother spares her life, leaving her in the 
 desert, kills a gazelle, and takes its blood to father. Heroine climbs a tree to 
 be safe from wild beasts, and is discovered by king's son, who is out gazelle- 
 hunting. He promises to protect her if she will descend, and he carries her on 
 horseback behind him to the palace. He marries her ; and, after subsequent 
 dangers and escape from treachery during his absence, heroine changes clothes 
 with a shepherd lad, and gets engaged at a coffee house to wash the cups. 
 Here she is afterwards found by her father and husband. The usual Nemesis 
 overtakes the villains, who are burnt to death. 
 
 Grimm says ( Teut. Myth., 57) that it is probable that certain nobler parts of 
 a sacrificed animal — the head, liver, heart, tongue — were assigned to the gods 
 [yXuxTcra Koi KoiXia Icpeiov Siaireirpayimfpov, Plutarch, Phoc. I. yXdaaas rdfivfiv 
 and evirvplBd\X€iv,Od. 3,332, 341. Cf. ''Delinguse usu in Sacrificiis," Nitzsch 
 ad Hom., Od. i, 207) ; and that the slayer in folk-tales is told to bring the 
 tongue or heart of the man or beast, as being eminent portions. They would 
 certainly be useless in identifying the victim. 
 
 For the incident of substituting an animal's heart or tongue for that of the 
 intended victim, or soaking the clothes in the blood of some slain animal, cf. 
 Amason, Icelandic Tales (P. and M.), p. 413 ; Clouston, ii, 464 (for story in 
 theKatha Kosa) ; Comparetti, i, 242, No. 56 ; Fleury, Litt.orale, etc., p. 123 ; 
 Folk-lore Journal, ii, 136 (a Malagasy tale); vi, 42 (Aino tale), "The 
 Wicked Stepmother"; Gesta RomanorMin (Swan), ch. 20; Gonzenbach, 
 No. 4 ; Grimm, Nos. 31, 33 ; Gipsy-lore Journal, iii, 202 ; De Gubernatis, 
 Sto. Stefano, No. 13 ; Zool. Myth., i, 139 (citing from Radloff, Proben der 
 :- Volkslitteratur der tUrkischen Stdmme Siid-Sibiriens) ; Karajich, No. 33 ; 
 Legrand, p. 24; Melusine, i, col. 300; Nerucci, Sessanta Nov.,'i^o. 51; 
 Pedroso, Port. Folk-tahs, No. i ; Romero, p. 12, No. 3 ; Sagas from Far East, 
 p. 73 ; Schneller. No. 50 ; Spitta-Bey, No. 6 ; Visentini, Fiabe Mantovane, 
 p. 121, No. 23 ; Webster, p. 137. 
 
 Compare the story of FerdJnando, who orders the murder of his wife 
 Genoveva, in the legend of that saint. Joseph's coat was dipped in kid's blood 
 (Gen. xxxvii, 31). 
 
 See also Nos. 58, 209, 210, 211, 226, 286, 304, 312, 315, 316 (317, 318), 
 and the hero-tale, No. 330, of this collection. In No. 204 the dog spares 
 heroine, and takes back to his master the heart of a hare. 
 
 4. 
 (P. 143.) In connection with this incident, so common in folk-tales, of the 
 child receiving help from a dead parent, either at the tomb (as in Nos. 33, 
 38, 64, 70, 96, 147, 153, 197, 199, 204, and hero-tales Nos. 328, 340, 341), 
 or through an apparition in a dream (as in Nos. 9, 10, 202, 277 [311, not in 
 dream]), the following parallels may be cited :— Young Swipday (in the "Lay 
 of Swipday and Menglad", Corpus Poet, Bonale, i, 93), bound by a cruel step- 
 
476 NOTES. 
 
 mother to ride into Giant-land and win the giant-guarded maiden of the en- 
 chanted castle, raises his dead mother and obtains charms from her, enabling 
 him to accomplish his task. With Swipday compare Ericus Disertus in Saxo 
 (see Rydberg, Teut. Myth.y p. 102). In the same way, at the son's adjura- 
 tion, a sword is handed out of the tomb in the folk-song of Orm (Sv. forn- 
 sanger, 2, 446-7 ; Danske viser, i, 59, 60-6-7), ^"d in a Faroe song of Virgar 
 (Lyngbye, p. 369). Wolfdietrich constrains the dead tongue of his buried 
 father to utter seven words (Cod. Dresd,, 313). The child talks with the 
 mother at her grave (Rhesa dainos, 22). Eulogies sung at the grave-mound 
 are mentioned in Hallbiorn, p. 859. Raising the dead comes easy to Christian 
 saints, but it was more than Zeus could do : roiroiv iircf^ai ovk iiroiiqae, /Esch., 
 £ii?u., 649. ** Linguae defuncti dira carmina ligno insculpta supponere", 
 forces him to speak (Saxo, ed. M., 38) ; see Grimm, Teuf. Myth.^ 1229, 1693. 
 Cf. Frere, O. D. Z?., No. i, "Punchkin"; Riviere, Contes pop. Kabyles, 
 p. 67, " Les Deux Orphelins" ; Kreutzwald, Ehstnische Mcir.y No. 15; 
 Ralston, R. F. 71, pp. 159, 259 ff. ; Cosquin, ii, 69. Help is obtained 
 at the grave of the dead mother in Nos. 17, 19, 37, 43, 47, 50, 87, 124, 
 265, 266 ; of the helpful animal in No. 93 ; of the transformed mother in 
 Nos. 31, 54, 95, loi, 102, 127 ; and of the dead father in Nos. 328, 340, 341. 
 Comp. Schiefner, No. 4. 
 
 5. 
 
 (P. 144.) The stepmother is made to eat her own child in the following 
 stories : Gonzenbach, Nos, 33, 34, 48, 49 ; MiillenhofF, p. 18 ; Pitre, No. 
 59 ; Riviere, Contes Kabyles, p. 55 ; Stokes, No. 2 ; Temple, Legends of 
 the Punjab, p. 64. See also Nos. 9, 10, 68, and 69 of this collection. 
 
 In the "Lay of Atli" Gudrun slays her children, serves their roasted 
 hearts to Atli their father, telling him they are calves' hearts, and mixes 
 their blood with his drink ^Corpus Poeticum Boreale, i, 343). So the 
 murdered child is served up to the father in Grimm's " Juniper-Tree" (No. 47) 
 and variants. Cf. Henderson, Northern Counties^ ist ed., p. 314, " The Rose- 
 Tree" ; Magyar Folk-tales, p. 298, " The Crow's Nest"; and the version 
 from Holderness, ib.,-p. 418, "Oranges and Lemons." In a story current 
 among the Turanian tribes of South Siberia (cited by de Gubernatis, Z. M., i, 
 139, from Radlofif) the hero gives the flesh of his own father to his two wives to 
 eat. Compare the Cronos myth. Tantalus has his son Pelops cut up and 
 boiled, and set before the gods. Demeter alone (being absorbed in her grief) 
 eats of the dish. 
 
 6. 
 
 (P. 149.) In '• Jamfrju Solntaar" (see A. E. Vang's Gamla Reglo aa Rispo 
 ifraa Valdris, Christiania, 1850, p. 66), the hero, who is in quest of a 
 stolen princess, gets a magic horse, which says, "White before and black 
 behind ! Nobody shall see where I go !" The hero passes three nights with 
 three friendly trolls, and eventually carries off the princess on horseback. 
 
 The same formula occurs in Nos. 39, 41, 46, 47, 59, 61, 63, 64, 65, 77, 78, 
 79. 82, 83, 86, 88, 119, 125, 146, 164, ^175. 265, arrl 266, 
 
NOTES. 477 
 
 In some of the stories the heroine effects her escape by surrounding herself 
 with mist. See Nos. 57 (soap and threads create mist), 88, 94, 183 (ashes 
 scattered turn to mist), 204, 207, 269 (mist, rain, and wind), and 281. In 
 No. 38 the heroine, and in No. 332 the hero make use of a bag of mist. 
 This recalls the bag of the winds which Aeolus gave to Ulysses in the loth 
 Od. In Greek mythology, the gods, to screen themselves from sight, shed a 
 mist around ; in the same way they protect their favourites, withdrawing them 
 from the enemy's eye. Comp. Iliad, 3, 381 ; 5, 776 ; 18, 205 ; 21, 549, 597. 
 It is called r/f'pi /caXuTTTeti/, ^epct X"''} ax^"" or vi^os (rre^eip. 
 
 7. 
 (P. 152.) A magic tree springs from some buried portion of the helpful 
 animal in Nos. 52, 70, loi (from three drops of sheep's blood), 102, 227, 228, 
 230, 232, 236, 242, 243, and 249 ; and from the buried mother in No. 95. 
 In No. loi the sheep, as in No. 102 the ox, is the mother transformed. In 
 233 the bones of helpful animal laid on pear-tree cause its branches to be 
 decked with golden bells. (A house springs from the buried ox in No. 13.) 
 In a story from Abyssinia (Reinisch, Die Nuba Sprache, Vienna, 1879, I, 
 221) seven palm-trees grow on the spot where the girl buries the bones of 
 her seven brothers. The mother is buried under a tree in No. 17, and help 
 is obtained at her grave. A tree is planted on mother's grave in Nos. 19, 37, 
 and 62. There is a treasure-tree in Nos. 13, 36, 38, 42, 47, 49, 52, 58, 61, 
 7S> 77; 95» 96; 1^2, 126, 204, 242, 255, 306, and in the hero- tales 340 and 
 341 ; and a wishing-tree in Nos. 47 and 335. In No. 123 old man draws a 
 tree which heroine must knock to get dresses, etc. In Nos. 7, 18, and 295 
 the heroine plants magical trees. 
 
 Cf. Gipsy-lore Journal, i, 84, "Tale of a Foolish Brother and of a Won- 
 derful Bush" ; Children's Legends, No. 10, " The Hazel Branch" (in Grimm's 
 H. T.). For wishing-lrees, cf. Dasent, liv, and pp, 420, 433; Grimm's 
 ji "Juniper-tree" ; and comp. the wishing-tree that bears clothes, trinkets, etc., 
 and wine, in Meghadhuta (ed. Schiitz, pp. 25-7), and the five trees in Indra's 
 heavenly paradise which grant every wish. In Somadeva, 2, 84, we find the 
 Indian's Kalpa Vriksha (tree of wishes), or Manoratha- dayaka (wish -giving). 
 See Grimm, Teut. Myth., 872. In " Punchkin", the tree growing on mother's 
 grave gives fruit. For speaking-trees, cf. Callaway, Zulu Folk-tales, p. 188 j 
 Dasent, pp. 113, 428, 440; Day, Folk-tales of Bengal, p. 281; Stokes, 
 Indian Fairy Tales, p. 202 ; Theal, p. 50 (trees which laugh) ; Thorpe, Yule- 
 tide Stories, pp. 17, 43. 99> 369. 429 J Wide- Awake Stories, 179-80, 181-3. 
 Comp. Hiawatha's appeal to forest trees, and the green reed's address to 
 Psyche (Apuleius). See also Grimm's T. M., 1202, note. For other magical 
 trees, cf. Callaway, pp. 51, 218; Campbell, i, 236, 237; Grey, Polyn. Myth., 
 111-114; Tylor, Early Hist., p. 356. Mr. Frazer, in The Golden Bough 
 (i, 62), refers to the belief that the souls of the dead animate trees. "The 
 Dieyerie tribe of South Australia regard as very sacred certain trees, which 
 are supposed to be their fathers transformed ; hence they will not cut the 
 trees down, and protest against the settlers doing so. ^Native Tnbes of S. 
 Australia, p. 280.) Some of the Philippine Islandeis believe that the souls 
 
478 NOTES. 
 
 of their forefathers are in certain trees, which they therefore spare. . . . 
 (Mittheilunqen der Wiener Geogr. Gesellschaft^ 1882, p. 165 seq.) In an 
 Annamite story an old fisherman makes an incision in the trunk of a tree 
 which has drifted ashore ; but blood flows from the cut, and it appears that 
 an empress and her three daughters, who had been cast into the sea, are em- 
 bodied in the tree. (Landes, Contes et legendes Annamites^ No. 9.) The 
 story of Polydorus will occur to readers of Virgil." Compare Nos. 68, 69, 
 and 231, in which the heroine is for a time embodied in a tree. 
 
 The Langobards worshipped the so-called blood-tree or holy-tree, and Saint 
 Barbatus preached in vain against the practice. {Acta Sanctor., under Feb. 
 19th, p. 139.) Barbatus was born c. 602, died c. 683. See Grimm, T. J/., 
 650 If., and 1480, upon this subject, and upon the veneration of certain trees. 
 A young willow planted in the mouth of a dead foal or calf must never be 
 lopped or polled. (Stendal in Altmark. allg. anz. der Deut., 181 1, No. 306 ; 
 of. MiillenhofF, No. 327.) A man in Sudermania was on the point of cutting 
 down a juniper- tree, disregarding the warning voice which bade him desist. 
 At the second stroke blood flowed from the root, and the hewer went home 
 and fell ill (Afzelius, 2, 147). An Austrian marchen (Ziska, 38-42) tells of 
 the stately fir in which there sits a fay waited on by dwarfs, rewarding the 
 innocent and plaguing the guilty ; and a Servian song of the maiden in the 
 pine. A holy oak grows out of the mouth of a slain king (Harrys, i, 
 No. 55). 
 
 In Zbior wiadomosci do antropologji Krajowej, Cracow, 1877-92, vol. viii, 
 pp. 292-293, the following story is related as explanation of the belief attach- 
 ing to the lime-tree, which is said never to be struck by lightning. Step- 
 mother has stepdaughter who minds the cattle and wears a cloak made of 
 pigs' skins, because stepmother will give her nothing better. She always 
 prays before a lime-tree. On one occasion the holy Virgin comes out of the 
 tree and asks what her cloak is made of ; feels pity for her, takes off her own 
 dress and gives it her instead of pig-skins. (Taken down in 1883 by Mme. 
 S. Ulanowska in the village of Lukowek, near to Garwolin, government of 
 Siedlce.) In No. 15, heroine obtains help from the lime-tree queen; in 
 No. 57, from the lady in the fir-tree (probably the Virgin); and in No. 58, 
 from the Virgin in the hollow oak-tree. An old woman comes out of the 
 lime-tree in No. 77. 
 
 8. 
 (P. 152.) For "substituted bride", see Arnason, p- 443. Asbjornsen, 
 Tales from the Fjeld, p. 156. Buchon, La Grke continentale^ etc., p. 263. 
 Busk, F.-L. R., p. I, "Filagranata," Nos. 2, 3; and "Palombetta," p. 22; 
 p. 40, "The Kmg who goes out to dinner." Callaway, Zulu Tales, p. 120, 
 •* Ukcombekcantsini." Campbell, iv, 294. Chambers, 95, 99. Chodzko, 
 p. 315. Cosquin, i, 232; ii, 42, 249. Crane, 58, 338. Dasent, **The 
 Lassie and her Godmother", and " Bushy Bride". Denton, p. 191. Folk- 
 lore Rec, iii, 146. Folk-lore fournal, i, 222 ; ii, 242 ; iii, 292. Friis, 
 Lappiske Evetityr, ** Kaccis-sedne." Geldart, p. 63, ** The Knife of Slaughter." 
 Gerle, Volksmdrchen der Bohmen, No. 5, "Diegoldne Ente." Gonzenbach, 
 
NOTES. 
 
 479 
 
 Nos. 13, 33. Grimm, note to No. 21, and Nos, 13, 89, 135, 198. Gubernatis, 
 i, 218 ; ii, p. 242. Sio. Stefano, No. 13. Hylten-Cavallius, Svenska Folk 
 Sagor, No. 7. Kletke, Mdrchensaal, i, 167. Legrand, p. 140. Luzel, 
 Legendcs, ii, 303. Hahn, No. 28. Magyar Folk-tales, pp. 133, 214. 222. 
 Maspons y Labros, Lo Rondallayre, lii, 114, 149. Melusine, 1877, col, 421. 
 Notes and Queries, 7th Series, ii, 104. Fenta/nerone, " The Three Citrons." 
 Pedroso, Portuguese Folk-tales, " The Maid and the Negress." Pitre, No. 
 62. Ralston, p. 184, and No. 32. Revue Celtique, 1870, p. 373, " Chat 
 Noir." Rink, Eskimo Tales, p. 310. Riviere, Contes Kabyles, p. 51. 
 Steere, Swahili Tales, p. 398. Stokes, Ind. Fairy Tales, pp. xxiii, xxv, i, 3, 
 138, 143, 164, 284, 285. Theal, Kaffir Folk-lore, pp. 136, 158. Thorpe, 
 Yule-tide Stories, pp. 47, 54, 61, 62. Webster, pp. 187, 190. Wenzig, 
 Westslavischer Mdrchenschatz, p. 45. 
 
 See also Nos. 8, 10, 29 (69), 95, loi, 102, 187, 228, 231, 233, 242, 243, 
 and 244. 
 
 (P. 153.) Dead or transformed mother comes to suckle child. Cf. Altd. 
 Blatter, i, 186. Arnason, " The Troll in the Stone-craft," p. 449. Cosquin, 
 i, 232, 234. Danske Viser, i, 206-208. Grimm, Nos. 11, 13. Monseur, 
 Folklore Wallon (1892), 48 ff., *' La Belle et la Laide." Ralston, R. F. 71, 
 p. 19, "The Dead Mother." Scott, The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Borders, 
 ii, 223. Theal, Kaffir Folk-lore, pp. 60-1. Tylor, Prim. Cult., i, 411. 
 Compare Melusina. 
 
 See also Nos. 95, loi, 228, 235, 242, 243 of this collection. 
 
 The following extract bears upon the subject : — 
 
 U. Jahn, Volkssagen aus Ponunern und Rilgen. Stettin, 1886. P. 407. 
 
 In the time of the French occupation a girl followed her lover, a French 
 soldier, from Mellin to Steitin, and soon afterwards returned to Mellin, and 
 died giving birth to a son. One evening, when the mother of the deceased 
 was sitting by the child's cradle, she noticed that it had become unwontedly 
 heavy, and heard a sound as though the child were sucking. Then she 
 knew that the dead mother had come back to quiet her child. (From 
 Mesow, in the district of Regenwald. Communicated through Professor E. 
 Kuhn.) 
 
 10. 
 
 (P. 159.) Gregory of Tours (sixth century) gives a story of Fredegonde, 
 the wife of Chilperic, who tries to kill their daughter Rigonthe by shutting 
 a coffer on her head, having pretended to give her treasures out of it. 
 Servants come to her cries, and she is saved. In the Edda, Weyland kills the 
 two sons of Nidad in the same .way. In the Icelandic story of " Surtla m 
 Blueland Isles", the stepmother induces the two children to lean over the 
 edge of the chest to see what glitters inside, and then tumbles them mto it, 
 and shuts down the lid (Arnason, p. 320). ^ 
 
 Compare Gonzenbach, No. 32 ; Grimm's " Juniper-Tree", No. 47 ; Hahn s 
 " Schneewittchen", No. 103; Zingerle, No. 12. 
 
480 NOTES. 
 
 (P. 160.) The master cannot cross the stream till he remembers to fulfil 
 the kitchen-maid's wish, in "La Schiavottella" {Peni.^ 2nd Day, 8th Tale). 
 See also Nos. 6 (horse will not stir), 23, 295, of this collection. 
 The choice of gifts occurs in the following stories : 3, 6, 19, 23, 37, 46 (not 
 from father), 51, 55, 62, 74, 88, 125, 224, 244, 268, 295, 310. See also 
 Asbjornsen, FJeld, p. 353 ; Busk, F.-L. A'., pp. 46, 57, 6t„ 115 ; Comparetti, 
 No. 64; Cosquin, ii, 215; Coelho, No. 29; Gonzenbach, No. 9; Gradi, 
 Saggio, p. 189; Grimm, No. 88, and ii, 378; Gubernatis, Z. M., ii, 381 ; 
 Pitre, No. 39 ; Schmidt, No. 10; Schneller, No. 25 ; Stokes, No. 25, pp. 195, 
 292 ; Toppen, p. 142 ; Visentini, No. 24 ; Webster, p. 167 ; Zingerle, ii, 391 ; 
 and in other stories of " Beauty and the Beast" type. 
 
 (P. 163.) For "star on brow'^ cf. D'Aulnoy, "Belle Etoile" ; Blade, 
 Contes agenaisy p. 149 ; Cosquin, i, 186 (heroine has gold star on her chest) ; 
 Crane, pp. 18, loi ; Day, Folk-tales of Bengal^ pp. 236 ff., 242 ; Frere, 
 O. D. D., 88 ff., 136, 140, 255 ; Gonzenbach, No. 5 ; Grimm, Nos. 9, 96 ; 
 Gipsy-lore Journal^ iii, 83 ; Mehisine^ 1877, col. 206, 214 ; Romero, No. 2 ; 
 Stokes, pp. iff., 119, "The Boy who had a Moon on his Forehead and a 
 Srar on his Chin," 1588. ; Straparola, No. 3 ; Webster, pp. 54, 60 ; Wide- 
 Awake Stories, p. 310. See also Nos. 21, 131, 174, 194, 201 (gold cross), 
 202, 229, 232, 237, 240, 241, 245, 247, 339, 365 of this collection. (Compare 
 Pedroso, No. xv, " The Maiden with the Rose on her Forehead.") 
 
 The Dioscuri had a star or flame shining on their heads and helmets. 
 Figures of Greek divinities show a circle of rays and a nimbus round the head. 
 Apis is represented as a bull, with a star above his head, on the brass coins of 
 Julian the Apostate. On coins of Tyre and Sidon Astarte is figured with a 
 radiated head. A bust on a Saxon Sceatta (unappropriated) appears to have 
 a star on the forehead. On Indo-Grecian coins Mithras has commonly a 
 circular nimbus with pointed rays ; in other representations the rays are 
 wanting. Mao (deus Lunus) has a half-moon behind his shoulders ; /Esculapius, 
 too, had rays about his head, aarpair^u eldep iKKdfi^aaav arto rod irai56s 
 (Asklepios), Paus.,ii, 26, 4. Compare the aureoles of Christ, the Virgin, and 
 Christian saints, and the crowns and diadems of kings. See Grimm, Teiit. 
 Myth.y 323. A ring of stars was put round the head of Thor (Stephanii not. 
 ad Saxon. Gram., p. 139). According to a story told in the Galien restore, a 
 beam came out of Charles the Great's mouth and illumined his head. Certain 
 Slavic idols, especially Perun, Podaga, and Nemis, have rays about their 
 heads; and a head in Hagenow, fig. 6, 12, is encircled with rays, so is even 
 the rune ** R" when it stands for Radegast. 
 
 In illustration of a recently -practised custom of adorning the face of a bride 
 with stars, I quote the following from a paper by "Adalet", on "Turkish 
 Marriages, viewed from a Harem", which appeared in Nineteenth Century. 
 July, 1892 : — " Till some time ago a very strange addition was made to the 
 Turkish bride's dress — four diamonds chased in gold being stuck on her cheeks, 
 
NOTES. 
 
 4S1 
 
 forehead, and chin, by a sort of gum, which held them there for some time. 
 The writer once saw a bride thus dressed, but now the custom has become 
 obsolete, or is confined to the lower classes." 
 
 The story on p. 163, like Nos. i, 2, 5, 8, 21,60,89, 9°, 118, 119, 237, 239, 
 240, 241, 245, 247, 300, 301 of this collection, is allied to the type represented 
 in Grimm's '• Mother HoUe", and Perrault's " Les Fees", in which the heroine 
 is rewarded for industry or kind services, whilst her sister or stepsister is 
 punished for churlishness or greed. Cf. also the {oWowing:— American 
 F.-L. Journal, i, 144; Bechstein, pp. 63-66, " Die Goldmaria und die Pech- 
 maria" ; Ben'ey, Pant., i, 219; Blade, Cotites agenais, p. 149; Callaway, 
 Z. T., p. 219 ; Chodzko, p. 315 ; Clouston, Pop. Tales and Fictions, i, 105, 
 366 ; Coelho, No. 36; Cosquin, No. 48, and notes ; Crane, p. 100 (and for 
 other Italian versions, p. 346); Dasent, 113, 322; Finamore, pp. 65-9, 
 No. XV, " Fiore e Cambedefiort'' ; F.-L. Journal, i, 282 fF. ; Grimm, Nos. 13. 
 15, 24, 36, 40, 47, 56, 64, and see i, 369-70; Henderson, Northern Counties, 
 p. 349 ; Karajich, No. 36 ; Landes, No. 72 ; Mehisine, i, col. 43 ; Monseur, 
 Folklore Wallon, p. 48 ; Nat. Rev., 1857, v, 398, 399 (story of Fo) ; Prohle, 
 ii, No. 5 ; Romania, No. 32, p. 564; Sagas from the Far East, p. 15 1 ; 
 Schambach und Miiller, Niedersdchsische Sag. u. Mar., No. ii, pp. 276-8 ; 
 Sutermeister, pp. 7-10 ; Theal, Kaffir F.-L., p. 49 ; Vernaleken, pp. 155-167. 
 
 The heroine is generally requited with gold. See note 51. 
 
 13- 
 
 (P. 171.) In the story of " Sigurdr, the King's Son", the princess gives 
 precious articles to the bride for the privilege of sleeping with the prince, who, 
 on the third night, throws away the sleeping-draught, and hears the princess 
 recount her sorrows and sufferings on his account, and her despairing search 
 for him. (Arnason, Icelandic Legends, p. 278.) The same incidents occur in 
 " The Singing, Soaring Lark" (Grimm, No. 88), in "The Two Kings' Child- 
 ren" (No. 113), in " The Iron Stove" (No. 127), and in "The Drummei" 
 (No. 193) ; also in Dasent's " East o' the Sun and West o' the Moon" ; in the 
 Athenian folk-tale of "The Man made of Sugar", collected by M. Kam- 
 pourales, and published in Transactions of the Historical and Ethnological 
 Society of Greece, Athens, 1883 (s=e Folk-lore Journal, ii, 237) ; in the Chilian 
 story of "Prince Jalma" {Folk-lore Journal, iii, 293) ; and in de Gubernatis, 
 S. Stefano, No. 14. A sleeping-draught is given to the prince in the " Story 
 of the Enchanted Youth" (Payne, i, 59); see also Benfey, Pant., i, 255. 
 Compare " L'Oiseau Bleu" of Mme. d'AuInoy, and see Campbell, iv, 294. 
 
 The following story has the bribes and sleeping-draught incidents, as well 
 as the washing task ; and has other points of resemblance with Cinderella 
 tales : — 
 
 'Kc^¥,^i Q\ik-^Y.'E.-9.% Popular Rhymes of Scotland. 1870. Pp. 95-99- 
 " The Black Bull of Norroway." 
 
 Heroine rides on back of bull, eats out of its " right lug", drinks out of its 
 •' left lug", and sets by her leavings. Bull fights the devil till all is blue. 
 Heroine, overjoyed at bull's victory, inadvertently moves one foot, forgetting 
 
 I I 
 
482 NOTES. 
 
 injunction not to stir, and the bull in consequence cannot find her again. 
 Heroine comes to foot of glass hill ; serves a smith for seven years, so as to 
 get aim shoon. In these she climbs hill, washes the bluidy sarks for washer- 
 wife, who tells the young knight her eldest daughter has washed them, and he 
 must in consequence marry her. Heroine bribes false bride with jewels found 
 in magic fruits, and passes three nights in bridegroom's room. On the third 
 night he pours away the sleeping-draught that the washerwife had given, and 
 hears heroine's song. Washerwife and daughter are burnt. 
 
 In "The Red Bull of Norroway", pp. 99-101, a variant of the above, there 
 is no magic food-supply. After travelling on the bull's back through many 
 dreadful forests, and arriving at a noble castle, heroine draws a pin from bull's 
 hide, transforming him to handsome prince, who disappears suddenly. Heroine 
 sets out in quest of him, suffers many hardships, gets three magic nuts from 
 an old wifie, and eventually using them as bribes, as in the foregoing story, she 
 marries the Duke of Norroway, whom she has a second time delivered. 
 
 There is a beautiful Cupid ard Psyche story about a monkey-faced prince 
 in Fleury's Litterature orale de la Basse-Noj'viandie ( ague et Val-de-Saire), 
 Paris, 1883, pp. 135-50. It may be cited here as a variant of No. 275 : — 
 
 "Le Pays des Margriettes" (Marguerites). 
 
 Prince will lose his monkey- face fifteen days after his marriage. He is to 
 choose a wife for himself, but will have none of all those who by their manner 
 seem to despise him, and chooses a little peasant girl. She drops some hot 
 grease on him, while admiring his beauty, for at night he has a lovely face ; 
 and he is doomed to leave her ; such is the spell. She sets out in search of 
 him, wanders far, and at length reaches the Castle of the Daisies, where her 
 husband is about to wed the young chatelaine. Heroine changes dresses with 
 a shepherdess, and gets employed at the castle as turnspit. She peels the three 
 chestnuts given her by an old woman she met ett route, and they are trans- 
 formed into golden spinning-wheel, golden distaff, and golden spindle. With 
 these she bribes the chatelaine, and sleeps three nights with prince, her own 
 husband. The first two nights he has sleeping-draught administered by chate- 
 laine's mother; on the third night he throws it away, and recognises his own 
 wife. On the morrow, when all assemble for the wedding of prince and chate- 
 laine, he relates a strange thing that has happened to him. lie had lost the 
 key which opened his secretary, had a new one made, then found the original. 
 Which key ought he henceforth to use? All say "the original". Then he 
 will follow their advice ; and he shows the turnspit, whom he lost, then found 
 again, and whom he will reinstate, being guided by their counsel. 
 
 (Told by Mother Georges, who did not know why the castle is called " des 
 Margriettes" or pdijtierettes rouges. ) 
 
 There are points of resemblance also in the following : — 
 
 S. Chelchowski, Powie'sci i opowiadaiiia ludowe z okolic Przasnysza (Contes 
 et legendes du peuple des environs de Przasnysz [government of Plock]). 
 Warsaw, 1889. Vol. i, pp. 138-55. 
 
 *' O Karlinie" (History of Caroline). 
 Heroine delivers king's son from the hands of the devil (a very long story). 
 
NOTES. 483 
 
 King's son wants to marry her, but queen-mother, by means of charms, destroys 
 his memory, and would marry him to another. Heroine, who is called Caro- 
 line, tries to prevent this marriage ; she possesses dresses like the moon, the 
 stars, etc., but each time she comes to the castle they give piince a sleeping- 
 draught. Counselled by an old woman, who is a fairy, heroine dons guise of 
 beggar, and writes a letter to Charles, who recognises her, and returns to her. 
 A sleeping-draught is administered to the heroine by her stepsisters in No. 
 119, and to the unnatural father in No. 200, when, disguised as a merchant, he 
 comes to murder heroine's children. The bribes and sleeping-draught occur 
 also in No. 191. A sleep-bramble is used in one Icelandic tale ; a sleep-thorn 
 in another (Arnason, pp. 411, 441). Odin sticks the thorn in Brunhild's gar- 
 ment only, and throws her into a sleep. "Dorn-roschen" is sent to sleep by 
 the prick of the spindle. There is a "pin of slumber" in Hyde's Beside the 
 Fire, p. 39. 
 
 14. 
 
 (P. 174.) For the same reason Isota the Black makes Isol take her place 
 in the Icelandic variant, " Tistram, and Isol the Brighi" (Arnason, p. 251) ; 
 such is the case also in Nos. 283, 289, 290, 291. In the remaining stories of 
 this type the bride has various motives for not attending the marriage ceremony : 
 in No. 284 she is afraid to ride a restive horse ; in No. 292 the wedding- 
 dress does not fit her ; in Nos. 293 and 303 she is in love with someone else ; 
 in No. 294 she is shy of her ugliness ; in No. 299 the bride is a sorceress, 
 therefore cannot enter a church ; and in No. 302 she is ill. 
 
 See note 31. 
 
 15. 
 
 (P. 178.) Miss Busk refers to another stepmother story. Widower has boy 
 and girl : their teacher insists on marrying him. She turns children out ; boy 
 is made slave of a witch, and comes at last out of many adventures. Girl gets 
 taken into brigmd's cave, and goes through adventures, one of which being 
 that the witch gives her the appearance of death, and shuts her up in a box. 
 Hunting prince finds her and the means of restoring her, and marries her. 
 
 The wonder-working cow may find its prototype in Sabala, the heavenly 
 cow of the Ramayana (see Sagas from the Far East^ pp. 402-3 ; Busk, F, -L. R. , 
 p. 38). 
 
 16. 
 
 (P. 186.) In No. 58 (Kolberg) the stepmother inquires of her mirror who 
 is fairest ; in No. 155 (Corazzini) she asks the sun. Compare similar incidents 
 in Arnason, p. 403, " The Story of Vilfridr Fairer-than-Vala" ; Celtic Mag., 
 xiii, p. 213, " Gold -tree and Silver- tree" ; Glinski, i, 149; Gonzenbach, ii, 
 206; Grimm, No. 53, "Little Snow-White", and variants, i, 406; Hahn, 
 No. 103 ; Maurer, p. 280 ; Mila, p. 184 ; Pedroso, Portuguese F. Tales, 
 No. I, "The Vain Queen" ; Schneller, No. 23 ; Schott, No. 5 ; Wolf, p. 46. 
 See Mr. Nutt's paper on " The Lai of Eliduc and the Marchen of Little Snow- 
 White", Folk- Lore, iii, pp. 26 ff. 
 
 In No. 286 heroine's corpse comcj into the prince's possession, as in N o. 
 
 I I 2 
 
484 NOTES. 
 
 231, and is resuscitated in a similar manner. Compare Miss Busk's story- 
 cited in the preceding note. References to the very numerous instances of 
 resuscitations in folk-tales are not added here, as the incident occurs but rarely 
 in stories belonging to the Cinderella group. 
 
 17. 
 
 (P. 187.) In the following stories a pin stuck in the head causes transfor- 
 mation into a bird : Buchon, La Grece Continenlale et la Moree, p. 263 ; Busk, 
 F.-L. R., Nos. 2, 3; Cosquin, ii, 358; Crane, p. 341 ; Deulin, ii, 191 ff. ; 
 Fmamore {Abbruz.), No. 50; F.-L. /ourjial, iii, 290, "The Black "Woman 
 and the Turtle Dove" (Chilian Pop. Tale); vi, 199, "The Three Lemons" 
 (Hungarian tale); Legrand, p. 140 ( = Buchon); Luzel, Legendes, ii, 303; 
 Riviere, p. 53; Stokes, No. 2; La Tradition, iii, 12, 366. In an Abyssinian 
 tale (Reinische, Die Nuba Sprache, Vienna, 1879, i, 221), a magician plunges 
 enchanted needles into the heads of seven brothers, transforming them to 
 bulls. When the pin is withdrawn from the bull's hide, in " The Red Bull cf 
 Norroway", he becomes a handsome prince. 
 
 In No. 17 the old woman transforms the heroine into a bird whilst dressing 
 her hair. 
 
 18. 
 
 (P. 191.) For incident of "Forbidden Chamber", cf. Arnason, pp. 503, 
 534; Asbjornsen, i, 86; Busk, F.-L. R., "The Dark King," y. 100; 
 Campbell, i, 265-275, No. 41 ; Cosquin, i, 133 ff. ; Dasent, " The Lassie 
 and her Godmother," p. 189, "The Widow's Son," p. 311 (3rd ed.) ; 
 F.-L. Rec.^ iv, 152; F.-L. Journal, iii, 193-242 (Hartland on "Forbidden 
 Chamber") ; ibid., v, 112-124 (Kirby on "Forbidden Doors of the Thousand 
 and One N'ghts") ; Germania, 1870, No. 6 ; Grimm, Nos. 3, 6, 46, and see 
 i, 364, ii, 509; Gypsy-lore Journal, i, 26 (Roumanian tale); Hahn, ii, 197, 
 and Nos, 15, 45, 68; Katha-sarit-sagara, iii, 223; Lang, La Mythologie, 
 Paris, 1886; Mmaef, Indiiskia Skaski y Legendy, No. 46; Peiitamerone , 
 No. 36 ; Prym and Socin, No. 58 ; Ril.>,ton, 98-100 ; Roumanian Fairy- Vales, 
 p. 27 ; Schneller, No. 20 ; Stokes, No. 24 ; Tuscan Fairy Tales, No. 7 
 (tabulated in F.-L. J., ii, 186); Wide- Awake Stories, p. 14; Wolf, Deutsche 
 Hausmdrchen, No. 19. "Blue-Beard" and variants. Compare Psyche's 
 curiosity in opening the pyx. 
 
 See No. 297 of this collection. 
 
 19. 
 (P. 192.) With ihe wishing-box in No^. 34, 224, and 279, compare the 
 wishing-pipe in No=. 114 and 117, \.\\^ wishing- dresses xw'^o's^. no and 160, 
 the ring'vsx No. 190, the /^a// in No. 197, \\i^ sword n\ No. 268, the wishing- 
 eggs in No. 309, the wishing-bell in No, 324, the magic whips in No. 326, 
 the talismans in No. 328, anl the laurel, which grants every wish, in No. 335, 
 Similar talismans are found in the following stories : Am. F.-L. Journal, iii, 
 270 ; Bask. F.-L. R., pp. 31, 146-54, 129, 131 (horn), 143 (wand), 152 
 (ring), 160 ff. (lantern) ; Campbell, ii, 293 303 ; Clouston, i, 314 ff., " Alad- 
 din's Wonderful Lamp"; Cosquin, i, 121, "La Bourse, le Sifflet, et le 
 
NOTES. 485 
 
 Chapeau/' and variants ; ii, 1-8, " L'Homme de Fer," and variants (candle) ; 
 ii, 80 (sabre) ; 284 (violin) ; 307, " La Baguette Merveilleuse" ; Dasent, 
 " Three Princesses of Whiteland" (ring), p. 184 ; Soria Moria Castle," p. 402 ; 
 Dozon, No. II; Folk-lo7'e Rec, iv, 142, Portuguese story (devil's ear) ; 
 F.-L. Journal, ii, 240, Mod. Gr. story, "The Enchanted Lake" (gold and 
 silver rods) ; ib., vii, 307 fF., Indo-Burmese story (ring) ; Gesta Rom., " Prince 
 Jonathas" ; Gonzenbach, Nos. 30, 31, 32; Grimm, No. 116, "The Blue 
 Light"; No. 122, "Donkey Cabbages" (cloak); Groome, In Gypsy Tents, 
 p. 201, " Jack and his Golden SnufF box" ; Hahn, variant of No. 9 ; Kennedy, 
 Fireside Stories, p. 67 ; Fictions of the Irish Celts, p. 49 ; Mabinogion, p. 419 
 (wand) ; Maclnnes, p. 347 (rod) ; Maspons, Rondallayre, iii, p. 58 ; Pitre, 
 Nos. 26, 28 ; Piohle, i, No. 27 (purse, trumpet, hat, and mantle); Ralston, 
 p. 100; Sagas from Far East, pp. 58, 133; Sebillot, Hante Bret., \, Nos. 5, 
 29; Sparks, The Decisions of Princess Ihoodhanuna 7>arz (Burmese Buddhist 
 Aladdin) ; Steere, Swahili Tales, p. 393, No. 13 (ring) ; Scckes, No. 23, " The 
 Princess who loved her Father like Salt" (sun-jewel box containing seven little 
 fairies), and No. 25 ; Symington, Sketches of Faroe and Iceland, p. 225, " The 
 Goblin's Whistle" ; Theal, p. 77, and see p. 45 ; Vernaleken, pp. 62, 80 ; 
 Webster, 94 100, 197 ; Wide- Awake Stories, 190 (box); Wolf, p. 16; Zingerle, 
 ii, 142. Compare the tarn-cap. Wish's or Wuotan's hat, Pluto's or Orcus's 
 helmet ("Aii'Sos Kwit], II., 5, 845 ; Hesiod, Scut., 227) ; the fairy-purse of For- 
 tunatus, and other wishinggear. For wishing -purse, -rod, -cloth, etc., see 
 Grimm, Tetit. Myth., 871, 976, and see 142 fif, on the personification of Wish. 
 Volund's arm-ring brings wealth (see Rydberg, Teut. Myth., 432). With the 
 magic wand, which occurs in Nos. i, 20, 21, 22, 27, 47, 55, 74, 89, 91, 96, 103, 
 106, 107, 108, (109), 120, 122, 124, 137, 146, 165, 184, 185, 208, 209, 230,232, 
 233, 238, 250, 252, 253, 265, 269, 281, compare the caduceus of Hermes ; the 
 rod of Moses ; also rods used in divination (on which see Grimm, T. M., 975, 
 *I598). (Elisha's staff was believed, apparently, to possess miraculous virtue, 
 though it proved inoperative in the hands of his servant. 2 Kings, iv, 29 S(/. ) 
 There is a story of a wishing-stafif which St. Columban gave away to a poor 
 man, and which he smashed at the bidding of his wife (Adamanni Scoti, 
 Vita S. Columbae, cap. 24). The gods have a golden staff with which they 
 touch and transform : XP"^«'9 pa^^tfi enefxdacTaT' ^Ad-fivrj {Od., 16. 172, 456; 13. 
 429). Circe strikes with her staff {Od., 10. 238). Skirni threatens with a 
 magic wand ("Lay of Skirni," C. P. B.,\, iii). Shiva has a miraculous 
 bow, so has Indra, according to the Vedas. Apollo's bow carries plague : 
 of. Odin's spear, Gdngnir, the hurling of which brings victory ; and Thor's 
 hammer, Miolner, which comes crashing down as a thunderbolt, and of itself 
 returns to the hand. Freyr had a sword of similar nature that swung itself. 
 Such gear the Greeks call aurSnaTov {II., 18. 376). Mr. Grant Allen con- 
 siders the notion of Thor's hammer to be derived from the shape of the sup- 
 posed thunderbolt. " Thor's hammer is itself merely the picture which our 
 northern ancestors formed to themselves, by compounding the idea of thunder 
 and lightning with the idea of the polished stone hatchets they dug up among 
 the fields and meadows." These were preserved from motives of superstition, 
 since the possession of a thunderbolt gives one some sort of hold over the 
 
486 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 thunder-god himself. " This is the secret, too, of all the rings, lamps, gems and 
 boxes, possession of which gives a man power over fairies, spirits, gnomes, and 
 genii. All magic proceeds upon the prime belief that you must possess some- 
 thing belonging to the person you wish to control, constrain, or injure" 
 (Essay on " Thunderbolts", by Grant Allen : Falling in Love, and other Essays, 
 pp. 137-158). 
 
 20. 
 
 (P. 200 ) With accusation of queen, compare similar incidents in Arnason, 
 pp. 370, 416, 429 ; Cosquin, i, 186 ; Crane, p. 19 ; Coelho, p. xviii ; Fleury, 
 p. 151; Folk-lore Record, i, 116, 207; F.-L. Journal, vi, 38 (Aino tale); 
 Frere, 0. D. D., No. 4, pp. 17-22, 54; Gonzenbach, Sic. Mar., i, 19, 148, 
 No. 24 ; Grimm, No. 31, and i, 364 ; Gubernatis, i, 412 ; Hahn, ** Sun, Moon, 
 and Morning S'ar" ; Karajich, No. 33; Leskien, No. 46; Magyar Tales, 
 pp. 337, 338 ; Prohle, i. No. 36 ; Roman de la Manekine ; Satujaja Ta^-inoita, 
 i, 105 ; bchiefner, No. 12 ; Schneller, No. 50 ; Schot% " Die Goldnen Kinder" ; 
 Sebillot, i, No. 15 ; Spitta-Bey, No. Ii ; Stier, **Die verwandelten Kinder" ; 
 Ungarische Sagen, "Die beiden jiingsten Konigskinder" ; Srokes, No. 20; 
 Theal, p. 148 ; looi Nights, "The Envious Sisters" ; Vernaleken, p. 35, and 
 comp. p. 33 ; Webster, 177 ; Zmgerle, ii, 124. 
 
 Compare the following s'^ory, which contains also other incidents common in 
 Cinderella tales : — 
 
 Jahrbuch fiir romanische und englische Literatur. Leipzig, i860. Vol. vii. 
 "Italienische Marchen", by Hermann Knust. Pp. 382-84. (A Tuscan 
 story from Livorno.) 
 
 "Der Konigssohn und die Bauerntochter." 
 
 At his father's wish, a king's son sets out with his attendant to seek a bride. 
 Attendant tries in vain to induce master to notice the pretty women in the 
 town and neighbouring country. At night they come to a wood, and seek 
 shelter from the storm in a peasant's hut. Peasant receives them hospitably, 
 and his wife prepares the table for a meal. King's son inquires for whom the 
 fifth place is laid, and learns that it is for peasant's daughter, who is too shy 
 to appear. Directly he sees her, king's son tells attendant that she shall be his 
 bride. He asks permission to carve the fowl, and gives the father the head, 
 the mother the carcase, and the legs and wings to daughter, whilst he and his 
 attendant eat the flesh. -^ Next morning he asks for the hand of peasant's 
 daughter, and goes home to his father, who gives him fine carriage in which 
 to fetch his bride. The queen is angry at the marriage with a peasant, and 
 through her intrigues kindles a war with Spain, knowing that king and his son 
 must join in it. On leaving home, king's son charges his wife, in the event of 
 
 ^ This incident of the carving and significant distribution of a fowl is found 
 in Sacchetti's i23'-d novel, which, according to Mr. C'ouston, has its origin 
 in a Talmudic story (see Flowers from a Persian Garden, p. 231) ; cf. also 
 Comparetti, No. 43, "La Ragazza astuta"; Legrand, Contes pop. Grecs, 
 No. iv, for variants of the same incident. 
 
NOTES. 487 
 
 her bearing a child during his absence, to mark it with some sign by which to 
 know it, Flavia bears two children, and marks them as bidden. Soon after- 
 wards queen comes and takes children away, leaving two dogs in their place. 
 "When king's son returns, mother tells him his wife has borne those two puppies, 
 whereupon he slays them. But the sword drops from his hand when he would 
 slay his wife also. Queen gives her over to two servants to be killed. But 
 they take pity on her and spare her, as also they have spared her two children 
 whom the queen had delivered into their hands to slay. They take her to the 
 wood, where she wanders about, till she is met by a peasant, who takes her to 
 his house. He has previously found her two children and taken care of them. 
 King's son is inconsolable. Father persuades him to go hunting. Night 
 overtakes him. He enters peasant's house, finds wife and children, and learns 
 the trick that has been played him. Fetching a carriage from the palace, he 
 takes wife and children home. Queen confesses the crime, which her death 
 must atone. 
 
 In Dolopathos, 7th Tale, puppies are substituted for queen's children, who are 
 saved by the servants deputed to slay them, and are brought up by a philo- 
 sopher. Cronus dines on the foal which he was assured his wife had just borne, 
 when in reality the child was Poseidon (see Hesiod, Theog.^ 497 ; Pausanias, 
 X, 24). 
 
 Compare the myths in which a human ancestress is said to have given birth 
 to an animal of the totem species (see Frazer, Totemism, p. 6). Thus the 
 snake clan among the Moquis of Arizona are descended from a woman who 
 gave birth to snakes (see Bourke, Snake Dance of the Moquis, etc., p. 177). The 
 Bakalai in Western Equatorial Africa believe that their women once gave birth 
 to the totem animals ; one woman brought forth a calf, others a crocodile, 
 hippopotamus, monkey, boar, and wild pig (see Du Chaillu, Explorations and 
 Adventures in Equatorial Africa, p. 308 ; see also p. 309). In Samoa the 
 prawn or cray-fish was the totem of one clan because an infant of the clan had 
 been changed at birth into a number of prawns or cray-fish (see Turner, 
 Samoa, p. 77). 
 
 Petitot tells a story of the Dog-Rib Indians of Great Slave Lake, about a 
 woman who was married to a dog and bore six pups, who became the ancestors 
 of the Dog- Rib Indians [Traditions Indiennes du Canada Nord-ouest, p. 311). 
 There is a similar story on Vancouver Island, where a tribe of Indians derives 
 its origin from dogs (see American F.-L. fournal, iv, 14). The legend is 
 found in many other places. On the Pacific coast it extends from Southern 
 Oregon to Southern Alaska ; Petitot recorded a somewhat similar tale among 
 the Hare Indians of Great Bear Lake. Among the Eskimo of Greenland and 
 of Hudson Bay is a legend of a woman who married a dog and had ten pups, 
 five of whom she sent inland, where they became the ancestors of a tribe half- 
 dog, half-man ; and the other five she sent across the ocean, where they became 
 
 the ancestors of the Europeans In Baffin-land, the mother of the dogs is 
 
 the most important deity of the Eskimo (see Am. F.-L. J., iv, 16). An Eskimo 
 song tells of the origin of the Adlet and of the White men from dogs (ibid., ii, 
 124) ; see also Rink, Tales and Traditiojis of the Eskimo, p. 471 ; American 
 Naturalist, 1886, p. 594 ; Petitot, Monographie des Esquimaux Tchiglit, p. 24. 
 
488 NOTES. 
 
 (A beaver creates two men, one the ancestor of the Eskimo, the other that 
 of the sea-animals, who were the ancestors of the Europeans. ) 
 
 For animal children see also Callaway, Z. F. Z, p. 105 (crows), and see 
 note ; also p. 322 (snake) ; Cosquin, i, i, "Jean de I'Ours", and variants, pp. 
 6 ff. ; Crane, p. 324-5 ; Prym and Socin, ii, p. 258 ; Schiefner, No. 2 ; Stokes, 
 No. 10. Compare "The Myrtle" in Pentamerone ; also No. 193 of this 
 collection, in which story a woman longs for a child, "even a snake"; Stokes, 
 No. 10 ; and other stories containing similar reckless wish. In Benfey's 
 Fanischaiantra, ii, 144, a Brahman's wife, childless, at last bears a serpent. 
 
 In the Prose Edda, Gefjon's sons were oxen ; the hag's sons were wolves 
 (see Mallet, North. Ant., 398, 408, and 434). Pasiphae was the mother of the 
 Minotaur. I^eda's twins were contained in two eggs. Compare the birth- 
 story of Aed Slane, King of Ireland, son of Diarmaid and Mugain. First a 
 lamb, then a silver-trout were born, finally Aed Slane. 
 
 See Mr. Lang's note on "Belief in Kinship with Animals", in his Introd. to 
 Grimm's Household Tales, Ixxi ; and his Marriage of Cupid and Fsyche, Iv seq. 
 
 (P. 204.) Compare Sigudr and Brynhildr (Siegfried and Brunhilde, 
 Corpus Foet. Boreale, i, 294, 303, 309, 394) — Swipday and Menglad — Hrolfr 
 and Ingigerdr (see Grimm, Deutsche Rechtsalterthiimer., Gottingen, 1828, 
 pp. 168-170) — Gormo in Saxo Gramm., lib. ix, p. 179 — Tristan and Isolt 
 (see "Sir Tristrem", notes to Scott's ed., 1819, p. 345) — Wolfdietrich — Oren- 
 del and Frau Breide (Grimm, Teut. Myth., 374) — Forzo and Fenizia [Fetit., 
 i, 9) — Amicus and Amelius (comp. the story of The Ravens in the O. E. prose 
 version of "The Seven Wise Masters"). For folk-tale parallels cf. Busk,i^-Z. R., 
 "How Cajusse was Married," p. 162; Campbell, iii, 228, and No. 347; 
 Dasent, cxxxiv, and p. 389; Grimm, No. 60, "The Two Brothers"; Gonzenbach, 
 No. 40 ; Gubernatis, i, 330 ; Maclnnes, p. 265. Compare two Cornish 
 Mabinogion, which tell of King Pwyll i^The Bardic Museum, Lond., 1802, 
 pp. 17-30) ; the story of Aladdin, and the story of Prince Sayf el-Muluk, in 
 Payne, vii, 94. See Clouston, Fop. Tales and Fictions, i, 316, note. 
 
 22. 
 
 (P. 204) "Sea-monsters (Sjo-skrfmsli) cannot be killed by a leaden 
 
 bullet, for their shell-coat of mail and their demon nature resist any such shot ; 
 but he who meets them is lucky if he have a silver button or coin at hand to 
 thrust into his gun ; for no monster, however fiendish, can withstand a silver 
 shot." (Introductory Essay to Amason's Icelandic Tales, p. Ix, by Powell 
 and Magnusson.) 
 
 For drink of oblivion, see note 58. 
 
 23- 
 
 (P. 208.) This story (No. 32), like Nos. 8, 56, and 1 11, opens with the 
 
 " Hop o' my Thumb" incident?:, upon which see Mr. Lang's Ferrault, p. civ ff. 
 
 (In No. 308 the heroine, like the seven girls in No. 307, is deserted by her 
 
 father j but they do not find their way home, as in the other stories. ) The 
 
NOTES. 489 
 
 trail occMxs, also in the following: Busk, No. 6 ; Denton, '* The Wicked 
 Stepmother" ; Frere, O. D. D., " Surya Bai" and " Raksha's Palace" ; Friis, 
 pp. 85, 106; Grimm, No. 15, "Hansel und Grethel" ; No. 116, "The 
 Blue L^ght" ; Halliwell, Pop. Tales, " Hop o' my Thumb" ; Karajich, 
 No. 35; Magyar Folk-tales, p. 145, "The Three Princesses" ( = No. iii, 
 Stier) ; Pedroso, Port. Tales, No. xiv, p. 59 ; Pentamerone, v, 8, " Nennillo e 
 Nennilla" ; Perrault, " Le Petit Poucet" ; Roumatiian Fairy Tales, ^. 2,1, 
 " Handsome is as Handsome does"; Theal, p. 120. 
 
 With the device of thrusting the giantess into the stove, compare Callaway, 
 pp. 16-18, " Uhlakanyana," and p. 20; Campbell, i, 255, 328 ; Dasent, pp. 
 128, 220; Grimm, No. 15; Hahn, Nos. 3, 95; ii, pp. 181, 309, note; 
 Haltrich, No. 37 ; Haupt and Schmaler, ii, 172-4 ; Magyar Tales, p. 147 ; 
 Minaef, Conte Kamaon, No. 46 ; Pedroso, p. 60 ; Radloff, i, 31 ; Ralston, 
 pp. 165, 168 ; Steere, Swahili Tales, p. 380 ; Theal, p. 99 ; Wide-Awake 
 Stories, p. 194. In Nos. 56 and ill, it is the giant who is entrapped into 
 the over. 
 
 The "red-hot poker", applied as in the tale, is orthodox treatment for a 
 Cyclops. In No. 56, also, the giant is one-eyed ; so is Crinnawn, son of 
 Belore, in Hyde's Beside the Fire, p. 144. The Tartar giant Depeghoz (eye 
 on top of head) has to be supplied daily by the Oghuzes with two men and 
 five hundred sheep. Bissat, the hero, burns out his eye with a red-hot knife. 
 Sindbad, on his third voyage, punches out the eye of a man-eating giant. 
 Comp. the story of Eigill (Nilsson, 4, 33; Miiller, Sagenbib., 2, 612). 
 The Laplanders tell of a giant Stalo, who was one-eyed, and went about in a 
 garment of iron (see Grimm, T. M. , p. 554). 
 
 For one-eyed persons cf. Grimm, Nos. ii, 130; Stokes, pp. 3, 36; Wide- 
 Awake Stories, 12, 295. In folk-tales it is generally a sign of wickedness. 
 Comp. the one-eyed black man. Oppression, whom Peredur fought and slew 
 [MabtJiogion, p, 105). Woden pawned one of his eyes to giant Mimi in the 
 Brook of the Weird Sisters for the precious mead, whence it comes that he is 
 one-eyed (see Snorri's Fdda, and C. P. B., i, 20 ff.). The Greek myth has a 
 Jupiter with three eyes. Three-eyed persons are common in folk-tales. 
 
 See note 40, on the man-eating ogre who smells human flesh. 
 
 24. 
 
 (P. 210.) T\it. hiding-box ^xA the prince-purchaser incidents recur in Nos. 
 156, 158, 171, 179, 189, 216, 262, 297. Also in Hahn's No. 19, " Der 
 Hundskopf." 
 
 In a story from Karajich's Collection (Krauss, Sagen und Mar. der Siidslaven, 
 11,290, No. 129), the imprisoned hero breaks through the partition at night 
 into the princess's room, and, whilst she sleeps, eats the food and changes the 
 position of the candles. This is parallel with the incident in the Cinderella 
 tales. 
 
 25- 
 (P. 216.) For instances of the external soul in folk-tales, cf. Arnason, 
 456, 518 (life-egg of the two trolls) 
 
490 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Folkeevenfyr, Nos. 36, 70 ; A. Bastian, Die Vblker des ost lichen Asien^ 
 iv, 340; Busk, F.-L. A., 164, 168; C<mpbeil, i, 10, 80; Castren, £^/i- 
 nologische Vorlesiingen iiber die altaischen Vblker, p. 173 ; Finnish Alytho' 
 logy, p. 186 (story of a giant who kept his soul in a twelve-headed suakf, 
 which he carried in a bag as he rode on horseback) ; Clouston, Fop. Tales and 
 Fictions^ i, 347 ff. ; A Group of Eastern Romances and Stories, p. 30 ; Cosqum, 
 i, 173 ff. ; Cox, Aiyan Myth., li, 36, 330; Uasent, " The Giant who had no 
 Heart in his Booy," p. 55 ; Tales from the FJeld, p. 229 ; Day, Lai Behari, 
 Folk-tales of Bengal, pp. I, 85, 1 17, 121, 189, 253; Dietrich, Russian Fop. 
 Tales, p. 23; Dozon, p. 132; Folk-lore Rec, i'i, 220 (in skein of siJk) ; 
 F.-L. Journal, ii, 289 ff., "The Philosophy of Punchkin," by Ed. Clodd ; 
 Frere, 0. D. D., "Punchkin," p. 12, " Sodewa Bai," " Chundum, Rajah," 
 " Truth's Triumph," p. 233 ; " Wanderings of Vicram Maharajah" ; Gunzen- 
 bach, No. 16, andii, 215 ; Baring Gould, Curious Myths, ii, 299-302 (a Siberian 
 tale about seven robbers whose hearts were hung up on pegs, and are stolen by 
 a captive swan- maiden, on which condition her dress is returned to her by the 
 Samsjed who bad taken possession of it. He smashes six hearts, and makes 
 the seventh lobber deliver up his old mother's soul, and then kills him also) ; 
 Gubeinatis, Z. M., i, 168; Hahn, i, 187, 217; ii, 23, 204, 215, 260, 275, 
 282, 294; Haltricb, No. 34, p. 149; Ind. Antiquary (1872), i, 117, 171, 
 and (1885), p. 250; Jamieson, Diet, of the Scottish Language, s. v. "Yule"; 
 Kirby, New Arabian Nights, " Joadar of Cairo and Mahmood of Tunis" ; 
 Knowles, Folk-tales of Kashmir, pp. 42, 49, 73, 134, 382; Krauss, i, 168, 
 No. 34; Lane, Arabian Nights, iii, 316, " Seyf-el-Mulook" ; Leitner, The 
 Languages and Races of Dardistan, p. 9 ; Legrand, p. 191 ; Luzel, i, 445-9 ; 
 Magyar Folk-tales, pp. 205, 326, 373, 400 ; Mannhardt, Germanische Mytheii, 
 p. 592 ; Masperc, Contes pop. de fEgypte ancienne, p. 5 ff., " The Two 
 Brothers" (written down in the reign of Rameses II, circa 1300 B.C.) ; 
 Mijatovics, Serbian Folk-lore (Denton, p. 172) ; Mli'lenhoff, p. 404 ; Penta- 
 merone, ii, p. 60 (Liebrecbt) ; Radloff, Proben der Volkslitteratur der 
 tiirkischen Stdmme Siid-Sibiriens, \, 345 ; ii, 237, 531 ; iv, 88 ; Ralston, 
 R. F. T., " Koshchei the Deathless," p. 103, and pp. 109, 113, 114; Riviere, 
 Contes Kabyles, p. 191 ; Schiefner, Heldensagen der Minussinschen lataren, 
 pp. 108-112, 172-176, 189-193, 360-364, 384, 390, ff, ; Sagas from the Far 
 East, p. 130, " Bright Intellect"; Schott, " Ueber die Sage von Geser Chan," 
 Abhandlungen d. Konigl. Akad. d. Wissensch. zu Berlin, 1851, p. 269; 
 Sebillot, Haute Bretagne, p. 63 ; Spitta-Bey, No. 2, p. 12 ; Stokes, " Brave 
 Hiralalbasa," " The Demon and the King's Son," pp. 58, 187 ; Strackerjan, 
 Aberglaube und Sagen, Oldenburg, ii, 306; Sundtrmann, Allgemeine Missions- 
 Zeitschrift, xi (1884), p. 453, "Die Insel Nias" ; Webster, p. 83; Wide- 
 Awake Stories, pp. 52, 58, 64, 83 ; Wilken, De Gids, 1888, No. 5, p. 6 (of 
 the separate reprint), " De Simsonsage" (a Malay poem) ; Wolf, No. 20, 
 p. 87 ; Wraiislaw, y. 225. 
 
 Compare the story of Meleager and the fire-brand (Apollodorus, i, 8 ; Dio- 
 dorus, iv, 34; Pausanii?, x, 31, 4; Aeschylus, Choeph., 604, ff.) ; the fatal 
 hair on the head of Nisus (Apollodorus, iii, 15, 8 ; Aeschylus, Choeph., 612 ; 
 Pausanias, i, 19, 4). According to Tzetzes {Schol. on Lycophron, 650), not 
 
NOTES. 491 
 
 the life, but the strength of Nisus was in his hair (compare the Samson story, 
 Judges, xvi, 4-20). According to Hyginus {^Fab. 198), Nisus was destined to 
 reign only so long as he kept the purple lock on his head. Poseidon made 
 Pterelaus immortal by giving him a golden hair on his head. His daughter 
 fell in love with Amphitr>on, the enemy of Pterelaus, and killed her father by 
 pulling out the golden hair (Apollodorus, ii, 4, §§ 5, 7). Sylvia, wife of 
 Septimius Marcellus, bore a son to the god Mars, who bound up the fate of 
 the child in a spear (Plutarch, Parallela, 26), See Frazer, The Golden Bought 
 ii, 305-308. 
 
 The nearest approach to tales similar to these in the Buddhist Birth-stories 
 is in one or two isolated cases, when the Karma of a human being is spoken 
 of as immediately transferred to an animal. (See Mr. Clodd's Myths and 
 Dreams, and Mr, Frazer's Golden Botigh, for an exhaustive treatment o\ the 
 subject of the external soul). Compare the Annamite stories (Nos. 68, 69, of 
 this collection) in which the life of the heroine is successively transferred to a 
 turtle, a bamboo-shoot, a bird, a tree, etc. There are similar incidents in 
 No. 231. The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, as well as the Moquis, believe 
 in the transmigration of human souls into the bodies of turtles. See " My 
 Adventures in Zuni," by Mr. Gushing, in The Century, May 1883, p. 45 ff. ; 
 Schoolcraft, Indian Tribes, iv, 86 ; Bourke, Snake-Dance of the Moquis of 
 Arizona, pp. 116 ff., 334 ff., and Frazer, op. cit., ii, 99. 
 
 Many people believe that a portrait contains the soul of the person portrayed. 
 Thus the Canelos Indians of S. America think their soul is carried away in 
 their picture (Simson, " Notes on the Jivaros and Canelos Indians," Journ. 
 Anthrop. Inst., ix, 392). When Mr. Joseph Thomson tried to photograph 
 some of the Wa-tei:a in East Africa, they imagined he was trying to get 
 possession of their souls (Thomson, Through Masai Land, p. 86). An Indian 
 refused to let himself be drawn, believing it would cause his death (Maximilian 
 Prinz zu Wied, Keise in das Innere Nord-Amerika, i, 417 ; see also ii, 166). 
 Some old women in the Greek island of Carpathus were very angry at being 
 drawn, fearing they would in consequence die {Blackwood's Magazine, Feb. 
 1886, p. 235). Some people in Russia object to having their silhouettes 
 taken lest they die (Ralston, Songs of the Russian People, p. 117). Persons 
 in the West of Scotland refuse to have their likenesses taken (James 
 Napier, Folk-lore ; or. Superstitious Beliefs in the W. of Scotland, p. 142 ; and 
 cf. Kn&v&Q, Ethnographische ParallelemmdVergleiche, Leipzig, 1889, p. 18 ff.). 
 See Frazer, i, 148-9. Allied to this belief is the practice of pricking the 
 waxen figure of one's enemy. 
 
 Compare the story in Schimpf und Ernst, cap. 272 (from the Gesta Roman- 
 orum). Sticking needles into a wax figure occurs in Kemblt's ChartcB, Pref., 
 lix, Ix, and in a story in Miillenhoff, p. 233. Magic figures can also be baked 
 of dough or lime, and wrought out of metal (see Grimm, T. M., 1092). In 
 V\i\c\U Morgante, 21, 73, a witch's vitality is bound up with a wax figure. 
 When Malagigi melts it at a slow fire, she dwindles away. This kind of 
 conjuring is found in Ovid {Amor., iii, 7, 29). Comp. Horace, Epod.^ 17, 76. 
 Theocritus, 2, 28, has the wax-melting. In Virgil, Eel., 8, T^seq., a magic 
 figure seems to be made of lime and wax. 
 
492 NOTES. 
 
 In evidence of the belief (at least on the part of a hypnotised subject) in the 
 transference of sensibility from the human body to an inanimate object, I 
 may refer to the recent (Oct. 1892) experiments in hypnotism conducted at 
 the Charite Hospital by Dr. Luys. He has been able to transfer a woman's 
 sensibility into a tumbler of water, which retains it for a considerable time. 
 If the water is drunk before the sensibility is exhausted the patient (who has 
 not witnessed the occurrence) falls into a deadly swoon. Also, if the water is 
 touched the hypnotised person starts as if in pain. Dr. Luys was also able to 
 confirm the discovery made by Colonel Roche, Administrator of the Ecole 
 Polytechnique, who found that it was possible to transfer the sensibility of a 
 hypnotised person to the negative of a photograph of the subject, who not 
 only felt, but showed signs of, any mark made on the negative. A pin-scratch 
 on the negative — previously charged with sensibility — causes the appearance 
 of a similar mark on the subject, etc., etc. One would like to know the effect 
 upon the subject of throwing the negative into the fire. 
 
 26. 
 
 (P. 221.) Grimm gives the following variants (i, 364). One from Zwehrn 
 is without the introduction wherein the dying mother promises to help her 
 child, but begins at once with the unhappy life of the stepchild. The end, 
 too, is different. After Cinderella has lived happily with the king for one 
 year, he travels away, leaving her the keys of all the rooms. The false sister 
 persuades her to open the forbidden room, wherein they find a well of blood. 
 Into this the wicked sister throws her after the birth of her son, and takes her 
 place in bed. But the sentries hear the queen's cries, and save her, and the 
 wicked sister is punished. 
 
 In a variant from Mecklenburg, Aschenputtel has become queen, and has 
 taken her stepmother, who is a witch, and her wicked stepsister to live wit h 
 her. When she gives birth to a son they lay a dog beside her, and give the 
 child to a gardener, who is to kill it. They do the same a second time, and 
 the king says nothing. The third time they give the queen and the child to 
 the gardener to be slain ; but he takes them into a cave in the forest. The 
 child is reared on hind's milk, and grows up wild, with long hair, and seeks 
 herbs in the forest for his mother. One day he goes to the palace and lells 
 the king about his beautiful mother. King goes to the forest, recognises his 
 wife, and takes her home. On the way they meet two golden-haired boys, 
 whom the gardener has spared and brought up in his own house. Gardener 
 reveals that they are king's children. Witch and her daughter are punished. 
 
 In a story from Paderborn, a beautiful countess has a rose in one hand, 
 a snowball in the other, and wishes for a child as red as the rose and as white 
 as the snow. She has her wish. The nurse one day pushes her out of window, 
 and pretends the countess has thrown herself out. She ensnares the count, 
 and he marries her. She bears two daughters, and the red and white step- 
 child must serve as scullion. She has no clothes, and may not go to church. 
 She weeps on mother's grave, and mother gives her a key to open hollow tree, 
 wherein she finds clothes, soap for washing herself, and a prayer-book. A 
 
NOTES. 
 
 493 
 
 count sees her, and smears the church threshold with pitch. All ends in the 
 usual way. 
 
 A variant from Zittau is given in Biisching's Wochentliche Nachrichten, i, 
 139. Aschenputtel is a miller's daughter, and is not allowed to go to church. 
 There is nothing new in it, except that, instead of a dove, a dog betrays the 
 false bride and reveals the true. 
 
 In Low- German we find Askenpiister, Askenboel, and Askenbiiel [Bremer 
 Wo7'terb., i, 29, 30). In Holstein, according to Schiitze, Aschenposelkeii is 
 derived from poseln, to seek laboriously (as, for instance, the peas among 
 the ashes). Sudelsodelken, from solen, sudeln, because it must be de- 
 stroyed in the dirt. In Pomerania, Aschpiik signifies a dirty kitchen- 
 ma d (Dahnert). The Hessian dialect corroborates this (see Estor's Upper- 
 Hessian Dictionary) : Aschenpitddel, an insignificant, dirty girl. The High- 
 German is Aschenbrodel. In Swabia we find Aschengj-ittel, Aschengruttely 
 Aeschengyusel {^c}!\\mA, Schwab. Worterb., 29). In Danish and Swedish it is 
 Askesis, from blowing the ashes. In Jamieson, see Assiepet, Ashypet, Ashie- 
 patile, a neglected child employed in the lowest kitchen- work. In Polish, 
 Kopduszek, from kopec, soot, smoke. 
 
 Oberlin gives a passage from Aschenprbdel, in which a servant bears this 
 name ; and Seller von Keisersberg calls a despised kitchen-boy an Eschen- 
 griidel^ and says, " how an Eschengriidel has everything to do," Brosamen^ 
 folio 79«. Tauler, in ih^ Medulla animae, says, "I, thy stable-boy, and poor 
 Aschenbaltz." Luther, in the Table-talk, i, 16, says, "Cain, the godless 
 reprobate, is one of the powerful ones of earth, but the pious and god-fearing 
 Abel has to be the submissive Aschenbrodel — nay, even his servant, and be 
 oppressed." In Agricola, No. 515, occurs, " Does there remain anywhere 
 an Aschenbrodel of whom no one has thought?" No. 594, "Jacob, the 
 Aschenbrodel, the spoiled boy." In Eyering, 2, 342, is " poor Aschenwedel". 
 Verelius, in the notes to the Gothreks Saga, p. 70, speaks of the Volks Saga, 
 " huru Askesisen sick Koniingsdottren til hustru,^'' which also treats of a youth 
 who was kitchen-boy, and won the king's daughter. The proverbs also, Sitia 
 hema i asku, llggia soin kaltur i hreise und liggia vid amen, apply for the 
 most part to kings' sons, in the Wilkinasage, cap. 91, of Thetleifr, and in the 
 Refssage (cap. 9, of the Gothreks Saga), from which Verelius wishes to derive 
 all the others. We are likewise reminded of Ulrich von Thurheim's Starker 
 Retmewart, who must also have first been a scullion ; likewise of Alexius, 
 who lived under the stairs in his father's royal house, hke a drudge. Vide 
 Gorres, Meisterlieder, p. 302. 
 
 It was a very ancient custom that those who were unhappy should seat 
 themselves amongst the ashes. Odysseus, who, as a stranger entreating help, 
 had spoken with Alkinous, thus seated himself humbly in the ashes on the 
 hearth, and was then brought forth and set in a high place (7. 153, 169 ; 
 compare 11. 191). 
 
 Gudrun, in her misfortunes, has to become an Aschenbrodel ; although a 
 queen, she has to clean the hearth, and wipe up the dust with her hair, or 
 else she is beaten. 
 
494 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 27. 
 
 (P. 223.) In a variant from Paderborn (Grimm, i, 429) the maiden puts 
 the mantle of all kirds of fur — on which moss, or whatever else she can pick 
 up in the forest, is sewn — over ihe three bright dresses, and escapes into the 
 fo'cst. For fear of wild beasts she climbs up a high tree. Some woodcutters, 
 fetching wood for the king's court, cut down the tree in which Allerleirauh is 
 still sleeping ; but it falls slowly and she is not hurt. She wakes in a fright, 
 but they are kind to her, and take her in the wood-cart to the court, where j>he 
 serves in kitchen. As she has made some very good soup, the king sends for 
 her ; he admires her, and makes her comb his hair. One day, whilst she is 
 thus employed, he spies her shining star-dress through the sleeve of her mantle, 
 which he tears off. 
 
 In another version, from Paderborn, Allerleirauh pretends to be dumb. 
 The king strikes her with a whip, tearing the fur-mantle, and the gold dress 
 shines through it. The punishment of the father follows in both stories. He 
 himself has to pronounce the sentence that he no longer deserves to be king. 
 
 In fourth story, Allerleirauh is driven away by her stepmother because a 
 foreign prince has given a betrothal-ring to her and not to the stepmother's 
 daughter. Afterwards Allerleirauh arrives at the court of her lover, does 
 menial work, and cleans his shoes, but is discovered through putting the 
 betrothal-ring among the white bread, as in another saga it is put in the strong 
 broth (Musaus, 2. 188). 
 
 When the king will marry no girl whose hair is not like that of the dead 
 queen, we are reminded of an incident in the Fdroische Saga, where the 
 bereaved king will marry no one whom the dead queen's clothes do not fit. 
 
 28. 
 (P. 224.) Grimm says this story is told on the Rhine of eight sisters, each 
 having one eye more than the other. Two-eyes is the Cinderella, and the 
 wise-woman who takes pity on her sufferings is probably her own departed 
 mother. There is the tree from which gold and silver is shaken, and the 
 wooer whose request can only be granted by the true bride. 
 
 29. 
 
 (P. 225.) Y ox golden apples, see Campbell, Ixxxii ff. ; Dasent, pp. 22, 71, 
 92, 155, 363; F.-L. Rec, ii, 180, " Conn-Eda, or the Golden Apple of 
 Lough Erne" ; F.-L. Journal, vi, 252 ff. ; Gesta Romanorum, ch. 74 (Swan) ; 
 Grimm, Nos. 17, 29, 53. 57, 121, 130, 136 ; Groome, In Gypsy Tents, 
 p. 299 ff. ; Gypsy-lore Journal, i, 29; Ralston, pp. 172, 176, 285; Wolf, 
 " The Wonderful Hares" ; and compare Nos, 227, 230, 232, 236, 242, 243, 
 249. The prince throws a golden apple into the heroine's lap in No. 115. 
 Skimi offers eleven all-golden apples to Gerda in the "Lay of Skimi" 
 {Corpus P. Boreale i, 1 11). Milanion delayed Atalanta with three golden 
 apples. 
 
 30. 
 
 (P. 226.) The pearl is made, in the myth, to spring oat of Venus's tear. 
 Eve's tears, like Frigg's tears, are pearls in water, nuggets of gold on land (see 
 
NOTES. 495 
 
 Corpus Poet. Boreak, i, cvi). Wainamoinen's tears are pearls (see ICalewala, 
 Rune 22). So are the tears of the Chinese merman (see K-L. Journal, vii, 
 319). Accordiijg to Sicihan popular tradition, the tears of unbaptised children 
 turn to pearls when poured into the sea by the angel who has collected them 
 (Pitre, F.-L. /., vii, 326). 
 
 In a tale from the foot of the Himalayas, published in Russian by Mina^^-f 
 (No. 33), a princess weeps pearls (she also laughs rubies, see note 51). Cf. 
 Cavallius, p. 142; Chodzko, p. 315; Glinski, iii, 97; Karajicb, No. 35; 
 Scoke.', No. 2. 
 
 There are tears of gold in the story of Mardol (see Arnason, p. 437, and 
 Maurer, xMod. Icelandic Pop. Tales) and in the story of the Jealous Sisters 
 {looi Nights). Cf. Gerle, Volksm. der Bdh?nen, No. 5 ; *5pitta-Bey, 
 No, II ; Schiefner, No. 12 ; and jee Rydberg, Teut. Myth , p. 564. 
 Not only do Freyja's tears turn into drops of gold (Grimm, Tezit. Myth., 
 121S), but a Greek myth mak-s ijKeKTpov arise from the tears of Phaethon's 
 sisters, daughters of the Sun. 
 
 31- 
 
 (P. 231.) Among Prof. S. Grundtvig's Unpublished Collections are extracts of 
 four variants of the foregoing stories. In the first, which is called '* Rosenro'i", 
 the queen's nose bleeds, the drops falling in the snow. She bears a daughter, 
 who is named Rosenrod Snehvid (Rose-red Snow-white), who is shut up in a 
 tower with her attendants for seven years. Only the princess lives to come out 
 with her little dog, and she becomes a servant in new king's castle. She takes 
 bride's place at wedding — the horse Buckbar — the mouse-skins — the wedding 
 ring — the mysterious words, etc. The remaining three variants differ in no 
 respect from those already given. 
 
 The following legend is from J. M. Thiele's DanmarJSs Folkesagn (1843), 
 i, p. 8 :- 
 
 "The Tomb of the Three Maidens." 
 
 A king in the Danish island of Fyen has three fair daughters engaged to 
 three princes, who are absent taking part in the war. Three giants present 
 themselves and woo the princesses, offering gold, silver, and costly rings. The 
 princesses are faithful to their lovers, and the giants go away in a rage, threaten- 
 ing to return soon. King has a large mound with a chamber inside it made for 
 his daughters, and the place is covered over with trees and shrubs. The giants 
 return, slay the king, and at length discover the hiding-place of the princesses, 
 through the barking of their little dog. When they find that the giants are 
 digging them out, first the youngest and then the other two princesses stab 
 themselves to death. To this day the hill is shown. The giants are still said 
 to pass over it with noise and fury ; horns are sounded, and the barking of the 
 dog is heard from within the mound. 
 
 Cf. Saxo Grammaticus, lib. vii, for the history of Sigvald or Sivald. Reg- 
 nold conceals his daughter Gyritha in an underground chamber, whence she 
 is dug out by Gunnerus. 
 
 See No~. 276, 283 (281), 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, (294), 299, 302, 303. 
 
496 NOTES. 
 
 32. 
 
 (P. 235.) Frequently the knowledge of birds' langtiage comes of eating a 
 white snake, as in Grimm's No. 17; Wratislaw, Sixty {Slavonic) Folk-tales^ 
 p. 25. Sigfred, in the Old Play of the Wolsunps {Corpus Poet. Boreale, i, 39), 
 like Sigurd in the Western Wolsung-Lay (C. P. B., i, 157), understands the 
 birds' talk when he has tasted the heart of the dragon Fafni. In the saga of 
 the Seeburg {Deut. Sag., No. 131) the serving-man tastes a piece off a silver- 
 white snake, and immediately knows what the fowls, duck=, geese, doves, and 
 sparrows in the yard are saying of the speedy downfall of the castle. There 
 are various similar legends of submerged castles. For o'her examples of the 
 wisdom-giving fish, or snake, cf. Campbell, ii, 361, 363, and see 366, No. 47 
 (white snakr) ; iii, 331, No. 82 (Fionn), and see p. 297 ; Chambers, Tales of 
 Sir James Ramsay ; Chodzko, Coiites des Paysans .... Slaves, " Dieva Zlato 
 Vlaska" ; Cox, Aryan Myth., i, 81 ; Darles, Mythol. Celtique ; Folk-lore 
 Journal, vi, 299 ff. (white snake); Baring Gould, Cur. Myths (1871), 260; 
 Kennedy, Legendary Fictions, p. 216, " Farquharthe Physician" ; Mabinogion 
 (Guest), ed. 1877, pp. 471 if. ; Myvyrian Ai'chaiol. of Wales; Rasmann, 
 Deutsche Heldensage, i, 124; Sebillot, H. Bretagne, ii, 224, 326-7; Vuk 
 Stevanovich, Serbische Mdrchen, No. 3 ; La Tradition, 1889, No. ii, 33- 40; 
 Volstmga-Saga (Camelot Series), pp. 64, 92. 
 
 Pliny says (29, 4), " quin et inesse serpenti remedia multa creduntur .... 
 ut possint avium ser??wnes intelligi." Kassandra the prophetess had been 
 licked by a serpent. (See Tzetzes' Argument to Lycophron's Alexandra; also 
 Eustathius, ihe Homeric scholiast's remarks about Helenas, brother of 
 Kassandra, ad J Had, vii, 44). Compare the Melampus myth (Apollodorus, i, 
 9 ; see also iii, 6, for the story of Teiresias, in which serpents figure. Pliny, x, 
 137, throws doubt on the story of Melampus). Michael Scott obtained his 
 wisdom by serpents' bree (brigh) ; cf. Inferno, canto xx ; Scott's Lay of Last 
 Minstrel, canto ii, and notes in Appendix. So in Pliny [Nat. Hist., 1. x, 
 cap. 49), " quarum confuso sanguine serpens gignatur, quem quisque ederit, 
 intellecrurus sit alitum colloquid." According to a Scotch saga, the middle 
 piece of a white snake, roasted by the fire, gives a knowledge of supernatural 
 things to anyone who shall put his finger into the fat which drops from it. 
 (See Grant Stewart, pp. 82, 83.) In Iceland, one sufficiently safe way of 
 acquiring a knowledge of the language of birds is recorded (Arnason, cxvi) : 
 " Take the tongue of a hawk, and put it in honey for two days and three 
 nights ; place it then under your own tongue, and you will understand the 
 language of birds. It must not, however, be carried elsewhere than under the 
 tongue, for the hawk is a poisonous bird." 
 
 In other cases the knowledge of birds' talk is acquired by means of a herb. 
 Thus, in the poem of Elegast there occurs a nameless herb, which one need 
 only put in the mouth to understand what the cocks crow and the dogs bark. 
 Villemarque says, whoever accidentally steps on the golden herb (possibly the 
 mistletoe) falls asleep directly, and understands the speech of dogs, wolves, 
 and birds (see Grimm, T. M., pp. 1207, 1682). A wort, that the mermaid dug 
 on the mount that might not be touched, makes whoever eats it understand 
 the wild beasts, fowl, and fish (Haupt, Zeitschrift, 5, 8, 9). In Ralston's 
 
NOTES. 497 
 
 Songs of the Russian People^ p. 99, a fern enables one to understand secret 
 things. Mr. Frazer says : " On Midsummer Eve the fern is believed to burst 
 into a wondrous bloom. . . . Whoever catches this bloom .... can make 
 himself invisible, can understand the language of animals, and so forth" 
 {Golden Bojtgh, ii, 286-7). He gives the following references : — Wuttke, Der 
 deutsche Volksaberglaube^ , § 123 ; Grohmann, Aberglauben iind Gebrduche atis 
 Bohmemmd Mdhren, §§673-677 ; Gubernatis, Mythol. des Plantes, ii, i^^sq. ; 
 Friend, Flowers and Flower-lore, p. 362 ; Brand, Pop. Ant., i, 314 ; Vonbun, 
 Beitrdge zur deutschen Mytkologie, p. 133 sq. ; Burne and Jackson, Shropshire 
 Folk-lore, p. 242 ; cp. Arch. Rev., i, 164 sq. 
 
 In the story of '• The Three Languages" (Grimm, No. 33) the lad was three 
 years learning what the dogs bark, what the birds say, and what the frogs 
 croaW, Kin-the-young, in the Lay of Righ, learnt the language of birds {Corpus 
 P. Boreale, i, 242). Compare No. 10 and the following :— Boner, Tran- 
 sylvania, p. 372; Day, Folk-tales of Bengal, 150, 152 ; Denton, Serbian Folk- 
 lore, "The Snake's Gift"; Fleury, Litt. orale Basse-Normandie, p. 123; 
 Grimm, Household Tales, ii, 541 ff. ; Gubernatis, Z. M., \, 152 ; Hahn, No. 37; 
 Ind. Ant., iii, 250 ; Leger, Contes slaves. No. ll, p. 235 ; Magyar Folk-tales, 
 p. 301, and notes, p. 421; Naak^, Slavonic Tales, "The Language ot 
 Animals" ; Payne, Arabian Nights, 1, 14 ; Piohle, Kindermdrchen, No. 7 ; 
 Deutsche Sagen, i, 131 ; Sagas from the Far East, p. 21 ; Satujaja Tarinoita, 
 i"> P- 37; Schreck, Nos. 3, 6; Straparola, 12th Night, fable 3; Tales of the 
 Alhambra, "Legend of Prince Ahmed al Kamel" ; Tylor, Prim. Cult., i, 
 190, 469; Webster, p. 136; Wright, The Seven Sages, p. 106, "The 
 Ravens" ; etc. And see Philostr., Vit. Ap., i, 20 fin. Arabian and Persian 
 traditions represent Solomon as acquainted with the language of beasts and 
 birds. 
 
 In an Icelandic tale a bird understands and speaks the tongue of men 
 (Arnason, 430). 
 
 See note on Talking Birds, 
 
 33- 
 (P. 238,) For "obstacles" created to hinder pursuit, see also Nos. 118, 
 119, and cf. Am. F.-L. Journal, \, 54 ; iv, 19 (a Samoyede tale ; see Castren, 
 Ethnologische Vorlesungen, p. 165) ; Arnason, Icelandic Legends, p. 521 ; 
 Asbjornsen and Moe, i, p. 86, No. 14 ; Asiatic Researches, xx (1836), p. 347 ; 
 Athanas'ev, i. No. 3<^ ; Braga, No. 6 ; Brockhaus, Berichte, 1861, pp. 225-9 ; 
 Busk, " Filagranata," No. i, p. 8 ; Callaway, Zulu Tales, pp. 51, 53, 64, 90, 
 145, 228 ; Campbell, i, Ixxvii-lxxxi, xc ; i, 33, No. 2, "Battle of the Birds" ; 
 Carleton, Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry ; Cosquin, i, 133 fF. ; Crane, 
 p. 29, "The Fair Angiola" ( = Gonzenbach, No. 53), and see p. 335, note', 
 Dasent, p. 71, "The Mastermaid" ; p. 285, "The Widow's Son"; p. 311, 
 " Father Weathersky" ; Erdelyi-Stier, No. 4 ; F.-L. Journal, i, 235 (Mala 
 gasy), 286 (Ananci), 323 (Irish tale, "Grey Norris") ; ii, 15 (Polish), 31 
 (Malagasy) ; Frere, O.D. D., " Truth's Triumph", 50, 63 ; Friis, pp. 49, 58 ; 
 GeXddixX, Mod. Greek Tales, " Starbright and Birdie", " The Golden Casket", 
 *' The Scab Pate" ; Germania, 1870, No. 6 (Lapp tale) ; Gonzenbach, Nos, 
 
 K K 
 
498 NOTES. 
 
 53, 64; Gbttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen, 1862, p. 1228 (Finnish tale) ; Grimm, 
 No. 79, "The Water-Nix" ; Gubernatis, Z. M., i, 166, 175; ii, 60; Hahn, 
 No. I and No. 45; Haltrich, No. 37; Imbriani, Nov. fior., pp. 12, 415; 
 Katha Sarit Sagara^ bk. vii, ch. 39 ; Kennedy, Fireside Stories, p. 61 ; 
 Kohler, 07ient und Occident, ii, 103, 107, 112, 114; Lang, Custom and 
 Myth, pp. 88 ff., and Rev, Celt., t. iii, "Nicht Nought Nothing"; Legends 
 of the Wigwam, p. 61, "Exploits of Grasshopper"; Leipzig Academy, 
 1861, bk. vii, p. 203 et seq (Sanskrit tale of Somadeva) ; Leskien, No. 9; 
 Lewin (Capt.), Exercises, etc., and Popular Tales (Calcutta, 1874), p. 85 ; 
 Maclnnes, pp. i ff., 437 ; Magyar Folk-tales, pp. 157 ff.; Maspons, Lo 
 Rondallayre, \, 41-46; Melusine, ii, col. 214 (Samoa), 408; Memoires de 
 VAcadSmie de Vienne, vol. xxiii (1874), p. 327 ; Naake, Slavonic Tales, 
 "The Wonderful Hair" and "Ivan Kruchina" ; Pedroso, Port. F. Tales, 
 "St. Peter's God -daughter" ; Pentamerone, " Petrosinella", "The Flea"; 
 Pitre, variant of No. 13 (tabulated Folk-Lore, i, 141); Radloff, iii, p. 383 
 (Siberian); Ralston, "The Baba Yaga", " Vasilissa the Wise, and the 
 Water King", "The King Bear", pp. 95, 132, 140, 143, 174; Records 
 of the Past, vol. ii, p. 142, " Tale of the Two Brothers" ; Romero, 
 Nos. 8, 38 ; Rink, Eskimo Tales, No. 8, ' * Two Girls" ; Satnia ja Tarinoita, 
 i, 142, 151 ; Schneller, No. 20; Theal, No. v, " Sikulume," pp. 82, 87; 
 Thorpe, Yule- Tide Stories, pp. 223, 295, 296 ; Toppen, Aheiglauben aus 
 Masuren, p. 146 ; Tj-aits. Asiat. Soc. of Japan, vol. x, p. 36 ; Vernaleken, 
 pp. 50, 157; Webster, pp. 113-14, 120, 126. 
 
 Compare the Jason myth. To detain ^etes, Medea throws behind the 
 mangled remains of her own brother Apsyrtos. 
 
 In Turner's Samoa (p. 71) we read: " Members of the seaweed clan in 
 Samoa, when they went to fight at sea, took with them some seaweed, which 
 they threw into the sea to hinder the flight of the enemy ; if the enemy tried 
 to pick it up it sank, but rose again when any of the Seaweed clan paddled up 
 to it. See also p. 102, ibid. 
 
 In the " Lay of Rolf Kraki" {Corpus Poet. Bor., \, 190), Rolf, escaping 
 from Eadgils (Adils), casts gold behind him to delay his pursuers. This is a 
 very common device with Cinderella. Grimm quotes a Swiss superstition 
 anent witches. A man, wishing to escape from their clutches, must provide 
 himself with something to tempt their cupidity, and must throw it out bit by 
 bit as he runs. The witches will stop to pick it up (71 M., 1079). 
 
 34. 
 
 (P. 240.) The spy is sent to sleep by hair-dressing in Nos. 13, 26, 70, 
 152, 228, 233, 237, 320 ; by magic formula in Nos. 44, 227, 236 ; by a 
 huldre in No. 319. 
 
 For hair-combing, see Campbell, i, 61 ; iv, 283 ; Dasent, pp. 302, 385, 
 404; Folk-lore /ournal, iii, 293, " Prince Jalma" (Chilian tale); Grimm, 
 i> 356, 369 ff., 430 ; etc. ; and see Nos. 239, 240, 241. It is a favourite inci- 
 dent in numerous Lapp stories. 
 
NOTES. 499 
 
 35. 
 
 (P. 244.) Girls eat their mother in Nos. 50, 53, 124 ; girls eat their sisters 
 in Nos. 17, 278. For other examples of cannibalism in folk-tales, see American 
 F.-L. Journal, ii, 54, "Legends of the Cherokees"; Asbjornsen og Moe, Nos. 
 I, 52; Athanas'ev, i, 121 ; Callaway, Z. F. Z!, notes, p. 158 et seq. ; 
 Campbell, iii, 297; Dasent, pp. 71, 128, 220; Day, Folk-tales of Bengal^ 
 pp. 72, 79, 120, 272; F.-L. Rec, V, 136; Frere, O. D. D., pp. 28, 198; 
 Grimm, No. 15 ; Hahn, Nos. i, 3, 65, 95 ; ii, 181, 283-4, 309 ; Haltrich, 
 Deutsche Volksmar. atis dem Sachsenlande, etc.. No. 37 ; Haupt und Schmaler, 
 ii, 172-4; Ind. Ant., i, 171 ; iv, 56; Karajich, No. 35, pp. 174-5 '•> LCatha- 
 sarit-sagara (Tawney), i, 162, 163 ; Lang, Perrault, cvii ; Magyar Folk-tales, 
 p. 147, and see note, p. 388 ; Payne, Arabian Nights, vi, 112, "History of 
 Gherib and his brother Agib" ; Radloff, i, 31 ; Ralston, R. F. T., pp. 140, 
 154, 165, 168, 169, 171, 179, 182 ; Songs of the Russian People, p. 169; Rink, 
 Eskimo Tales, p. 128, " The Brothers visit their Sister" ; Riviere, Contes pop. 
 Kahyles, pp. 2IO, 216, 228, 240 ; Scottish Celtic Review, i, 70-77, " How the 
 great Tuarisgeul was put to death" ; Stokes, Ind. F.-tales, pp. 5» 5^' 99' ^75 J 
 Theal, Kaffir F. -lore, pp. 81, 108, 119, 122, 134, 136 fiF., 164; Wide- Awake 
 Stories, pp. loi, 171, 267. Compare Horace, A. P., 338-340. And see 
 Nos. 312, 313, and note 40. 
 
 The heroine is accused of eating her father in No. 307 of this collection. 
 A queen is accused of cannibalism in Arnason, p. 413, and a mother of 
 devouring her child in the Mabinogion, p. 353. A brother wants to drink his 
 sister's blood in Gonzenbach, No. 7 ; and a king his son's blood in Hahn, 
 No. 45. 
 
 36. 
 (P. 246.) With the enigmatical question which the father puts to the 
 bishop, compare a similar question in Gonzenbach, No. 25, vol. i, p. 154. 
 
 37. 
 (P. 249.) Compare " The Palace that stood on Golden Pillars", Thorpe, 
 Yiile- Tide Stories f p. 64. (From Westmanland.) 
 
 38. 
 
 (P. 250.) Treasure-rocks open in Nos. 97, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 
 194, 252, 253, 304 (stone-cross opens) ; usually when struck with a rod. (In 
 No. 257 the heroine keeps her dresses in a rock cavern.) Compare the rock- 
 opening in Hiawatha, also in the following : Bleek, Hottentot Fables, p. 64 ; 
 Callaway, p. 140, " The Rock of Two Holes" ; Folk-lore Journal, i, 274 sq. 
 (Malagasy folk-tale); Grey, Polyn. Myth., p. 188; Ogilby, Africa, p. 73; 
 Theal, Kaffir F.-L., p. 36, "The Bird who made Milk" ; Thorpe, Yule- Tide 
 Stories, p. 482 ; Vernaleken, pp. 99 and 1 12 (by flower), 118 (rod) ; and see 
 Kuhn in Wolf, Zeitschrift fiir deutsche Myth., (1855), iii, 385, and Schwartz, 
 Ursprung der MythoL, p. 177 ff. Compare the divining-rod which discovers 
 metals and buried treasure. 
 
 In German legend, a shepherd driving his flock over the Ilsenstein 
 
 K K 2 
 
500 NOTES. 
 
 stopped to rest, leaning on his staft. The mountain suddenly opened, 
 for there was springwort in his stafiF, and the Princess Use stood before 
 him, and bade him enter and take as much gold as he pleased. On 
 leaving, he forgot his staff, and, in consequence, the rock suddenly closed, 
 and cut him in two (see Kelly, Indo-European Folk-lore, p. 177). Here the 
 magic properties of the rod are due to the enclosed springwort. According to 
 Pliny (10, 18), the springwort is obtained by stopping up the hole in a tree 
 where the woodpecker keeps its young. The bird fetches springwort, and 
 applies it to the plug, causing it to shoot out with a loud explosion. The same 
 account is given in German folk-lore. Elsewhere, as in Iceland, Normandy, 
 and Ancient Greece, the bird is an eagle, a swallow, an ostrich, or a hoopoe 
 (see Fiske, Myths and Myth-Makers, p. 44). The forget-me-not, also, is a 
 luck-flower, and derives its name from a legend about rock-opening (see Grimm, 
 T. M.^ 1597). The mere name of the plant, sesame, is sufficient to open the 
 cavern in the " Forty Thieves". Compare the saxifraga of the ancient 
 Romans. The schamir had the power of cleaving rocks. According to some 
 legends it was a worm, and was used by Solomon in building the Temple 
 without sound of iron tool ; another account says it was a mystic stone which 
 enabled Solomon to penetrate the earth in search ot mineral wealth (see 
 Baring-Gould, Leg. of the Patriarchs and Prophets, pp. 337, 338, and see 
 Gesta Rom., Swan's, ed. Wright, vol. i, Ixiv, and cii). 
 
 39. 
 (P. 251.) With the opening of the story compare Denton, "The Dream 
 of the King's Son" ; De Gubernatis, Z. M., i, 139 (South Siberian tale cited 
 from Radloff") ; Hahn, No. 45, i, 258 ; ii, 247 ; Krauss, ii, 290, No. 129 ; 
 Romero, No. 3, p. 12; Schott, Walachische Marc hen, No. 9; and "The 
 Three Dreams," in Magyar Folk-tales, p. 117 ; and see the notes, p. 376, for 
 other stories of dreams foretelling wealth and power. Compare Joseph's 
 dream. The significance of dreams is noticed in Uarda, cap. xv ; Horace, 
 c. iii, xxvii, 41 ; S., i, x, 33. See also Tylor, Early Hist, of Mankind, 
 pp. 5-10; Privt. Cult., "Dreams." 
 
 40. 
 
 (P. 251.) For detecting the smell of human flesh, cf. Arnason, p. 454 ; Bleek, 
 Hottentot Fables, p. 60; Busk, p. 6 ; Callaway, p. 49, " Uzembeni" ; Campbell, 
 i, 9, 252 ; Du Chaillu, Ashango Land, p. 107, " Legend of Fougamon" ; 
 Clouston, i, 134, note; Cosquin, i, 103; Crane, pp. 90, 340 ; Dasent, pp. 59, 
 146, and "Rich Peter the Pedlar," p. 209 ; Day, Lai Behari, Folk-tales oj 
 Bengal, pp. 73, 77 ; F.-L. Rec, iii, 41 (from Mentone) ; 210 (Danish tale, 
 Grundtvig) ; iv, 147 and 159 (Portuguese, Coelho) ; F.-L. Journal, ii, 68, 
 " Mally-Whuppy" ; iii, 296 and 300 (Chilian) ; vi, 129, " The Three Lemons" 
 (Hungarian) ; Grey, Polyn. Myth., pp. 34, 64; Grimm, Nos. 15, 29, 165 ; 
 Lewin, Exercises, etc., and Popular Tales (Calcutta, 1874), p. 85 ; Maclnnes, 
 Folk and Hero Tales, p. 113 ; Magyar Folk-tales, pp. 55, 241, and see p. 340 ; 
 Pedroso, pp. 105, 109 ; Perrault, " Le Petit Poucet" ; Petitot, Trad. hid. du 
 Canada Nord-Ouest^ Paris, 1886, p. 171 j Ralston, pp. 100, 154; Theal, 
 
isroTEs. 501 
 
 pp. 124, 138 ; Thorpe, Yule- Tide Stories, "Rich Peter the Huckster," p. 322, 
 and p. 339 ; Vernaleken, pp. 38, 141, 351 ; Webster, pp. 17, 97 ; Wide- 
 Awake Stories, pp. 58, 172. 
 
 The Eumenides smelt out Orestes. " 'Oajx)] Bporeiuv aifidruv /ue vpoayeAa." 
 Eum., 244 (see Lang, Perrault, cvii). 
 
 Sigmund and his cousin, wandering in the snow upon the Dofrafells, weary 
 and wayless, come to a homestead wherein the womenfolk hide them from 
 the goodman. When the rough -tempered man enters, he casts up his nostrils, 
 and asks who has come. (C P. B., i, 511.) 
 
 Hidimbas, the rakshasa in the Mahabharata, smells man's flesh from afar, 
 and orders Hidimba, his sister, to fetch it him ; but she, like the ogre's or 
 monster's wife in so many tales, befriends the slumbering hero. Thor and 
 Tew come into giant Hymi's house, where they find his 900-headed grand- 
 mother, who hides them under the caldron. So the devil's grandmother protects 
 the luck-child (in Grimm's No. 29) when the devil enters and smells human 
 flesh. 
 
 The tiorco of the story derives his name from the ancient god of the lower 
 world ; he is an Orcus esuriens. Compare Ariosto's description of the orco 
 and his wife {.Orlando Fur., xvii, 29-65) ; he is blind (does not get blinded), 
 has a flock like Polyphemus, eats men, but not women. (For the orco, see 
 Pent., i, I ; i, 5 ; ii, 3 ; iii, 10 ; iv, 8. For the orca, ii, i ; ii, 7 ; 
 iv, 6 ; v, 4.) Ogres, or men- eating monsters, occur in Nos. 312, 313, 316; 
 see also note 23. 
 
 41. 
 
 (P. 256.) Compare No. 281, in which also the stepmother tears out the 
 heroine's eyes. The same incident is met with in Bibl. de las Trad. pop. 
 Espanolas, i, 137 ; Comparetti, No. 25 ; Cosquin, ii, 42, ** Marie de la Chaume 
 du Bois" ; Gubernatis, Sto. Stefano, No. 13; Zool. Myth., i, 218; Hahn, 
 No. 28; Maspons y Labros, Zo i'^^w^a/Zoj/r^, iii, 114; YiXxe, Fiabe Nov. e race, 
 pop. Sic, No. 62 ; Nuovo Saggio, No. 6 ; Riviere, p. 51 ; Wenzig, p. 45. 
 
 The heroine is hidden under a tub, or trough, and the false bride presented, 
 in Nos. 21, 54, 88, 127, 239, 241, 249; in Nos. 7, 24, 34, 229, 236, 237, 
 240, the stepmother puts her in a tub with the intention of boiling her ; but 
 such fate befalls her own daughter instead. Compare the following: — S, 
 African F.-L. Journal, I, vi, 138; Coelho, No. 36; Comparetti, No. 31; 
 Cosquin, i, 255, *'La Laide et la Belle" ; Dasent, p. 125, "Buttercup" ; F.-L, 
 Journal, iii, 296 ; vi, 199 ; Grimm, No. 9 ; Nerucci, No. 5. Thor and Tew 
 are hidden under the cauldron in the hall of the giant Hymi (" Hymis-Kvida," 
 Corpus P. Bor., i, 221). 
 
 42. 
 
 (P. 258.) The incident of propping up the corpse occurs also in Nos. 7, 
 24, 94, 240, and in Grimm, No. 47, "The Juniper-Tree." 
 
 43. 
 (P. 259.) In Nos. 239 and 241 also the heroine chooses the worst gifts and 
 gets the best, while her stepsister grasps at the best and is given the worthless 
 
502 NOTES. 
 
 This episode is very general in stories allied to the " Frau HoUe" type (see 
 Grimm's No. 24, and variants, i, 369-372). Compare the two versions of 
 *' Goldhahnchen und Pechhahnchen" (Schambach und Miiller, Niedersdchsische 
 Sag. u. Afar., No. 11, A and B, pp. 276-8). In the first, the heroine who goes 
 down the well to recover her bunch of flax, and there picks the fruit from the 
 apple-tree, takes the bread from the oven, and milks the cow, is asked by the 
 people in the little house she enters whether she will eat with them or with 
 the dogs and cats, and afterwards, whether she will leave by the gold door 
 or the pitch door. She answers modestly, and is rewarded with gold. The 
 envious stepsister who declines to oblige, and who chooses the best of every- 
 thing, gets covered with pitch. The cock announces the return of each girl in 
 the usual manner. In the second version, the stepsister, who is very beautiful, 
 sits idly at home, while the heroine, who is very ugly, does all the menial 
 work. One frosty night, when she goes to the well to wash clothes, a water- 
 nymph throws a stone in her face and splashes her with water. She is now 
 more beautiful than her stepsister, and the stone is a great jewel. The envious 
 stepsister goes to the well, has the stone thrown at her and the water sprinkled 
 over her, and returns home, to find that she has donkey's ears and that her 
 face is covered with hair. Instead of a jewel she has only a big flint. Heroine 
 makes a wealthy marriage, and stepsister is taken about by her mother to be 
 exhibited. In this way she at length comes before heroine, who makes her 
 beautiful again, and provides for her and her mother. In the Swiss story, 
 "Goldig Betheli und Harzebabi" (Sutermeister, Kinder- und Hmismdr. aus 
 der Schweiz^ pp. 7-13), Betheli goes down a mouse-hole after the ring of her 
 spinning-wheel, and comes to beautiful castle where dear little dogs talk like 
 people. They greet her as "Gold Betheli". Some beautiful children ask 
 whether she will eat with them or with the dogs, and give her choice of a 
 wooden or a gold dress. When she leaves they load her with gifts, and give 
 her a golden spinning-wheel ring. Stepsister goes down mouse-hole, is 
 greeted as "Pitch Babi", chooses gold dress, and gets the wooden one, and 
 has to eat dog's food. When she leaves, her wooden dress is covered 
 with pitch and resin, and she has only an old wooden spinning-wheel ring. 
 The following story, " Die Goldmaria und die Pechmaria," is similar (Bech- 
 stein, Deutsches Mdrchenbuchy pp. 63-6) : — A widow has a vain and spoilt 
 daughter of her own, and a good-natured, uncomplaining stepdaughter ; both 
 called Maria. She ill-treats the latter, makes her do all the menial work, 
 and finally bakes her a cake of ashes and milk, gives her a pitcher of water, 
 and casts her forth. The heroine sits down on the grass to appease her 
 hunger ; birds take the crumbs from her hand ; the ash-cake has turned into 
 a tart, and the water into costly wine. Presently she comes to a large house with 
 two doors ; one, black as pitch, the other bright as gold. She knocks at the 
 pitch door, asks the dreadful- looking man who opens it for a night's lodging, 
 and is terribly frightened when she follows him into a room full of howling cats 
 and dogs. It must be none other than the Thiirschemann, as he is called. 
 She elects to sleep with the dogs and cats, but must share his soft, white bed. 
 In the morning she chooses to breakfast with the dogs and cats, but is made 
 to take coffee and cream with him ; she says she will leave by the pitch door 
 
NOTES. 503 
 
 but is directed to the golden, and gets covered all over with gold as she 
 passes through. She goes to her old home, and the hens come to greet her, 
 whilst the cock cries, " Kikiriki, here comes Goldmaria." Her stepmother 
 bows down to her, and heroine makes herself known. She is more kindly 
 treated than formerly, and is soon well married. The envious stepsister, 
 seeking the same reward, refuses to share her sweet cake with the birds, 
 and it turns to ashes and water. She enters by the gold door ; elects 
 to sleep with the Tkiirschemann, and is taken to the cats and dogs, who 
 scratch and bite her ; chooses to breakfast with him, but must eat with the 
 animals ; wants to leave by the gold door, but is led to the pitch door, above 
 which sits the man shaking pitch over. her. Reaching home, she is met by the 
 cock, who cries, " Kikiriki, here comes Pitchmaria," and her mother turns 
 from her in horror. See note 12. 
 
 Compare the Servian story (Karajich, No. 36), in which the heroine chooses 
 the lightest casket, and finds it full of ducats ; the stepsister chooses the 
 heaviest, containing two serpents, which tear out her eyes and her mother's. 
 There are similar incidents in the following : —Day, Folk-tales of Bengal^ 
 No. 22 ; Journal of the Asiatic Soc. of Bengal^ vol. 34 (1865), pt. 2, p. 228 ; 
 Kennedy, Fireside Stories, p. 33; Mitford, Tales of Old Japan, p. 249. 
 
 The high tower counsels Psyche not to sit on the soft seat, or to partake of 
 (he sumptuous fare that Persephone will ofter her, but to sit on the ground, and 
 ask for a piece of coarse bread. So the hero in the Swedish tale (Cavallius, 
 No. 14 B) refrains from sitting on the various chairs, and avoids eating anything 
 offered him by the witch, (Comp. Cosquin's " Chatte Blanche", ii, 9flf. ; 
 Katha Sarit Saga^^ i, 355, Tawney. ) 
 
 44. 
 (P. 274.) In the following stories the woman's reflection in the water 
 reveals her presence in the tree overhead : — Busk, No. 2, "The Three Love 
 Oranges" ; also pp. 17, 23, and note, p. 25 ; Campbell, "The Battle of the 
 Birds"; Dasent, " The Lassie and her Godmother," p. 191 ; Folk-lore Journal, 
 i, 236 (Malagasy tale) ; 323 (Irish), " Grey Norris" ; ii, 135 (Malagasy) ; 251 
 (tabn. of Chilian tale) ; iii, 290 (Chilian), " The Black Woman and the 
 Turtle Dove" ; vi, 199 (Hungarian), "The Three Lemons"; Lang, Custom 
 and Myth, p, 91, " Nicht Nought Nothing." 
 
 45. 
 
 (P. 280.) So in No. 8 the stepmother is made to pronounce her own 
 sentence, and the false wife in No. 243. Compare Cosquin, i, 212 ; Dasent, 
 p. 59; Gonzenbach, Nos. ii, 13 ; Grimm, Nos. 13, 89, 135 ; andi, p. 430 (see 
 note 27) ; The Seven Wise Masters, "The Ravens"; Simrock, App. No. ; 
 Zingerle, ii, 131, etc. 
 
 46. 
 
 (P. 292.) In this story (No. 63), as in No. 40, there is an element of 
 " Rumpelstiltskin" ; the heroine has promised her children in return for aid ; 
 but the mention of his name causes the destruction of the being to whom she 
 
504 Notes. 
 
 is under obligation. So in the hero-tales, Nos. 320, 334, the helpful ox loseb 
 all power when the boy calls him by name. Sigfred hides his name from 
 Fafni (C P. B.^ i, 35). See Mr. Clodd's paper on "The Philosophy ot 
 Rumpelstiltskin" (F.-L. Journal^ vii, 135 fF.), and add the following to the 
 list of variants there cited : — Chodzko, Conies des Paysans et des Patres Slaves^ 
 pp. 341-47, "Kinkach Martinko" ; Longman's Magazine, ]\xly 1889, p. 331, 
 '* Peerifool"; Zingerle, Kind. u. Hausni. aus Sud-Deutschland, pp. 278-80, 
 "Kugerl"; Tirols Kind. u. Hausm., pp. 225-32, " Purzinigele." 
 
 Compare Nos. 288, 306, in which the heroine must remember the name 
 of her benefactor. 
 
 47. 
 
 (P. 295.) In the 13th century Lai d" Yvenec, by Marie de France, the lover, 
 in the form of a bird, visits his beloved in the tower, and is cut by knives 
 which have stealthily been placed there. She follows the track of the blood. 
 Mad. d'Aulnoy's "L'Oiseau bleu" is connected with this lay 
 
 48. 
 
 (P. 229.) The incident in the Annamite story of the crow carrying the shoe 
 to the prince's palace, and of his search for the owner, has its prototype in the 
 account given by Strabo (xvii, p. 808, Casaubon) of the myth of Rhodope. 
 The passage, literally rendered, is as follows: — *'. . . . Others call her 
 Rhodope, and fable that, while she was bathing, an eagle snatched one of her 
 sandals from her handmaid, and took it to Memphis, where he dropped it in 
 
 the lap of the king as he was administering justice Struck with the 
 
 neatness of the sandal and the strangeness of the occurrence, the king sent 
 round the country in quest of the wearer of the sandal. She was found in the 
 city of Naucratis, and being taken to the capital, became the king's wife." 
 .-Elian's version of the story is precisely similar, except that he names the 
 king Psammitichos, who "proclaimed that search should be made through- 
 out Egypt for the owner of the sandal ; whom, when he had discovered, he 
 took to wife." [Var. Hist.^ xiii, 33.) 
 
 Somewhat analogous to this is the incident in the story of the Two Brothers 
 (Maspero, Contes pop. de V Egypte ancienne, pp. 5 fF.). The gods made a very 
 beautiful woman to be Bitiu's wife. One day a perfumed lock of her hair fell 
 into the river, floated down to the land of Egypt, and was taken by the chief 
 washerman to Pharaoh, who, informed by his magicians that the hair belonged 
 to a daughter of the Sun, sent messengers forth to all foreign lands to seek 
 her. In the Tamil romance, " Madana Kamaraja Kadai," translated by 
 Natesa Sastri (see Clouston, Pop. Tales and Fictions, i, 377), is a story about a 
 princess from whose head, after her bathing, there fell a hair ten bhdgams 
 long (a bhaga is equal to two yards). The dashing waves rolled the hair into 
 a ball, which, as it lay on the shore, the King of Kochchi {i.e., Cochin) espied. 
 Judging ex pedc of the beauty of the woman from whose head the hair had 
 fallen, he resolved to obtain her as his wife. In No. 4 of the Folk-tales of 
 Bengal (Lai Behari Day) the Princess Keshavati loses a hair whilst bathing. 
 It is seven cubits long, and she ties it to a shell, which floats down to where 
 Sahasra Dal is bathing. " The owner of this hair must be a remarkable 
 
NOTES. 505 
 
 Wottian, and 1 must see her," quoth he. Mr. Lang, in his Perrault (Ixxxix), 
 quotes a Santal story about a hero whose cruel , stepmother attempts to slay 
 the helpful cow. After his flight and subsequent good fortune, a princess 
 falls in love with a lock of his hair {Ind. Evangelical Review, Oct. 1886). 
 One more parallel. In the story of "The Wicked Stepmother" (Knowles, 
 Folk-tales of Kashmir) a woman drops her nose-ring. It is swallowed by a 
 fish, which the king's cook buys. Search is made for the owner, whose beauty 
 induces the king to marry her. 
 
 In the Indian story (No. 235) the heroine loses her shoe in the jungle, 
 and it is sought in vain. A prince out hunting comes across it, and seeks 
 the owner. 
 
 Jacob Grimm considers that the shoe incident in Mdrchen may be based 
 upon the old German custom of using a shoe at betrothals. The bridegroom 
 brings it to the bride, and as soon as he has placed it on her foot she is 
 regarded as subject to his authority. The poem of King Rother may be 
 referred to in this connection. The wooer has two shoes forged, a silver 
 and a golden, and himself fits them on the bride, who places her foot on 
 his knee (see Deutsche Rechts Alterthiimet, Gottingen, 1828, p. 155). At the 
 present day it is customary in Turkey for the bridegroom to provide the bride's 
 dress, down to a pair of satin slippers (I quote from the authority on Turkish 
 Marriages referred to in note 12). In the Danish story (No. 60, p. 284, supra) 
 we read that a beautiful small golden shoe is kept in the royal family, and 
 when a queen is wanted a girl is sought who can wear it. In the Lithuanian 
 story (No. 70, p. 306) the prince gives the little shoes to the heroine for her 
 to wear on the wedding-day. Neither in the Breton story (No. 71, p. 307) is 
 the heroine recognised by means of a lost shoe. She finds two little gold shoes 
 near the heart of the helpful animal when it is slain, and the stepmother takes 
 them, saying they will serve for her own daughter on her wedding-day. The 
 girl mutilates her feet in order to wear them. In the Scotch story (No. 26) 
 the prince gives the heroine 'a pair of golden shoes, one of which she after- 
 wards loses. In the Portuguese tale (No. 89, p. 341) the shoe is inscribed that 
 it will only fit the owner. In the Icelandic story (No. 9, p. 143) the heroine 
 loses a shoe, and vows she will wed the man who finds it. 
 
 Deulin says {Contes de ma Mere VOye, p. 264) the lost shoe recalls Jason's 
 lost sandal, by means of which, according to the oracle, he would recover his 
 throne. 
 
 The lost shoe occurs in 157 stories, namely, Nos. i to 130, inclusive, and in 
 Nos. 144, 151, 152, 153, 162, 163, 164, 166, 17s, 181, 182, 197, 199, 203, 
 204, 206, 208, 211, 220, 222, 224, 235, 255, 256, 263, 307, 310, 311. In 
 No. 41a glove takes the place of the shoe. 
 
 Recognition by means of ring, jewel, etc., occurs in the following : Nos. 
 131.9, 141-3, I4S-8, 150* 154' 155. 157-61, 167, 168, 170, 171 (the impression 
 of the ring on wafer), 173, 174, 176, 178, 180, 183, 185, 190-3, 195, 201, 202, 
 219, 223, 238, 247, 250, 257, 259, 260, 266, 268, 269, 272, 278, 279, 281, 288, 
 296, 304, 306, 309 ; and in the hero-tales, Nos. 321-3, 332 (trophies), 337, 
 340, 341 (bandage). In No. 324 the princess puts pitch in the hero's hair, so 
 as to know him again. 
 
5o6 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 *' As to the material of the slipper" (writes Mr. Ralston,, in his paper on 
 "Cinderella", Nineteenth Century, November 1879), "there has been much 
 dispute. In the greater part of what are apparently the older forms of the 
 story, it is made of gold. This may perhaps be merely a figure of speech, but 
 there are instances on record of shoes, or at least sandals, being made of 
 precious metals. Even in our own times, as well as in the days of the 
 Caesars, a horse is said to have been shod with gold. And an Arab geographer, 
 quoted by Mr. Lane, vouches for the fact that the islands of Wak-Wak are 
 ruled by a queen who * has shoes of gold'. . . . Glass is an all but imknown 
 material for shoe-making in the genuine folk-tales of any country except France 
 [Mr. Ralston refers to the Gaelic tale, Campbell, i, 225]. . . . The use of the 
 word verre by Perrault has been accounted for in two ways. Some critics 
 think that the material in question was a tissu en verre, fashionable in Perrault's 
 time. But the more generally received idea is that the substance was originally 
 a kind of fur called vair — a word now obsolete in France, except in heraldry, 
 but locally preserved in England as the name of the weasel {Spectator, Jan. 4, 
 1879) — 211^^ that some reciter or transcriber, to whom the meaning of vairvizs, 
 unknown, substituted the more familiar but less probable verre. ... In a 
 Lesghian story from the Caucasus (Schiefner, Awarische Texte, p. 68), a 
 supernatural female being drops a golden shoe, and the hero is sent in search of 
 its fellow, becoming thereby exposed to many dangers." In a note at the end 
 of his paper, Mr. Ralston refers to some interesting articles which have ap- 
 peared in Notes and Queries on the subject of vair. In No. 286, D. P. quotes 
 from La Colombiere's Science Hero'ique (Paris, 1699) a description of how 
 vair was composed of patches ** faites en forme de petits pots de verre^\ 
 Balzac, in his Etudes philosophiques sur Catherine de Medicis, published in 
 1836, wrote as follows : " On distinguait le grand et le menu vair. Ce mot 
 depuis cent ans, est si bien tombe en desuetude que, dans un nombre infini 
 d'editions des contes de Perrault, la c^lebre pantoufle de Cendrillon, sans doute 
 de menu vair [or miniver] est presentee comme etant de verre." 
 
 In 74 instances out of 157, andiprobably in Nos. 66, 107, 166, 197, the shoe is 
 golden. In 57 stories (Nos. i, 5, 7, 9, 16, 18, 29, 32, 35, 36, 45, 46, 50-54, 
 57. 58, 68,70, 76, 78, 82,88, 89, 99, 100-106, 108, 109, III, 118, 120, 123, 
 124, 126, 127, 129, 130, 144, 151, 153, 175, 182, 199, 204, 206, 224, 256, 263, 
 310) it is not described. In No, 6 (and (?) No. 31) it is silver. In No. 17 it 
 is the stiiallest of several shoes caught in the pitch. In Nos. 49, 73, 222, it is 
 tiny. In No. 48 it is silk ; No. 56, pearl- embroidered ; Nos. 93 and 220, 
 satin; No. 122, spangled with jewels ; No. 12^, gold- embroidered ; No. 164, 
 ^matchless''''. No. 211, red morocco; and in No. 311 they are ^* sun" shoes. 
 In No. 67 it is a boot. 
 
 I have found only six instances of glass shoes being worn by the heroine. 
 The stories in which they occur — Nos. 4, 21, 72, 91, 152, and note to 224 
 (crystal) — have evidently been subjected to a French influence, and that at a 
 comparatively recent date. They are from Scotland (4, 152), the Netherlands 
 (224, note), France (91, Perrault's), Catalonia (72), and Chili (21). There 
 zxG diamond shoes in \he Venetian story (20), and in the Danish story (44). 
 There is an Irish story (from Tralee, Tipperary) in which the hero, who 
 
NOTES. 507 
 
 delivers a princess from the sea-serpent which comes every year to devour one 
 of the king's daughters, wears a pair of blue glass shoes. The princess catches 
 hold of one of them when he is riding away. It will fit no one but the owner, 
 who in the end marries the princess (see Folk-lore /otirnal, i, 54-5). When, in 
 the Kabyle story, " Les Deux Freres" (Riviere, pp. 193-9), Moh'amed slays 
 the seven-headed serpent that guarded the fountain, thereby delivering the 
 princess who had to supply it with food, she carries off one of his sandals. 
 The king has it tried on all the inhabitants of the town, but it fits nobody. 
 When the hero is found, the king gives him his daughter, yields the kingdom 
 to him, and himself becomes his minister. Numerous instances of recognition 
 being brought about by means of a shoe occur in stories not belonging to the 
 Cinderella group. For example, cf. " La Princesse Enchantee", which story 
 is about a youngest son who, after various adventures, enters magic castle, finds 
 sleeping beauty, embraces her and wakes her. Afraid of his own boldness, he 
 springs up, and, in his haste to get away, puts on one of her shoes and one of 
 his own. Princess pursues him, but cannot catch him. She is very unhappy, 
 builds herself beautiful castle, and inscribes on door that any traveller will be 
 lodged free, on condition that he tells his name, whence he comes, whither he 
 goes, and anything extraordinary that has ever befallen him. Hero comes to 
 castle, is entertained by princess and made to recount his adventures. She 
 asks whether he did not find a sleeping princess in the magic castle, and finally^ 
 whether he did not carry away something. Gold shoe is shown and compared 
 with princess's. She embraces him, thanks him for having slain black cat 
 which held her enchanted, and for having given the awakening kiss. They are 
 married. (Luzel, Contes pop. de la Basse- Bretagne, Paris, 1887, vol. iii, pp. 
 203-15-) The following are variants of the same : Archiv fiir slavische 
 Fhilologie, ii, 1876, pp. 614-16 ; Busk, 167-8; Buchon, Z« Grke continentale 
 et la Moree, p. 267 ( = Legrand, p. 145) ; Cosquin, ii, 69, " La Pantoufle de la 
 Princesse"; Dozon, Contes albanais, No. 15; Gaal-Stier, No. i; Grimm, 
 No. Ill, variant, ii, 412; Hahn, No. 52; Haltrich, No. 22; Jahrbuch fur 
 romanische und englische Literatur^ vii, p. 384 ; Zingerle, i, No. 33. Simi- 
 larly, the recognition by means of a ring occurs in a number of stories which are 
 not Cinderella stories (^.^., Grimm, Nos. 93, loi, etc.) 
 
 49. 
 
 (P. 307.) The following is- a variant of the Breton tale : Gipsy -lore Jour- 
 nal, iii, 204-7 (April, 1892), *' Tales in a Tent," by John Sampson :— 
 
 " De Little Fox." 
 
 King and queen have lovely daughter. Queen dies. An old witch, who 
 lives at palace lodge-house, talks to the king when she comes to do work, 
 and perceives that his daughter gets jealous. She teaches heroine sewing, 
 and makes her come for her lesson before having breakfast. On the way 
 heroine picks and eats a grain of wheat ; and, since it is God's grain, witc 
 has no power over her. This she does two mornings. On the third morning 
 she only picks up a bit of orange-peel, and the old " wise woman" {guzberi 
 gorji) bewitches her, and never sends for her again. Witch tells king his 
 
5o8 Notts. 
 
 daughter is enceinte. She must be burned, according to custom ; the iron 
 chair is got ready, and a cart-load of faggots spread round it. Heroine 
 is placed in the chair, and the fire is about to be kindled, when an old gentle- 
 man appears (" My ole dubel, to be shuah !") and begs king not to destroy 
 her, but have her placed in an old boat on the moat surrounding park. This 
 is done. In course of time heroine bears little fox, which immediately speaks 
 and proposes going to grandfather's to get food for its mother. She fears 
 dogs will worry it ; but fox passes the dogs unnoticed, meets old witch coming 
 out of hall, and asks to see the king. Hearing what little fox wants, king 
 bids cook fill basket with wine and victuals, which fox carries safely to its 
 mother. Three times he fetches her food. The second time old witch begins 
 to suspect. The third time heroine dresses fox in beautiful robe of fine 
 needlework. King asks fox who his mother is, and who made him the robe ; 
 and king weeps bitterly, thinking his own dear child is dead. Fox begs him 
 to arrange a party that afternoon at palace, and then he shall hear who made 
 the robe. But fox's mother must be present. King at last agrees. Fox says 
 there must be story-telling and those that can't sing must tell a tale. King 
 must invite as many people as possible, and be sure to bring the old lady 
 who lives at the lodge. So it happens. After the dinner, when it comes to 
 heroine's turn to sing or tell a tale, she says she cannot, but her little fox 
 can. "Turn out that fox," says the witch, "he stinks !" and interrupts 
 again with the same words as the little fox proceeds with his story of all that 
 has befallen the king's daughter, and of the egg and bacon that the witch fried 
 for her, and its effect upon her. And he points out the witch. Afterwards, 
 when walking in the garden, fox takes leave of his mother, strips off his skin, 
 and flies away in the form of a beautiful white angel. The witch is burned in 
 the iron chair that was meant for the king's daughter. 
 
 50. 
 
 (P. 311.) " Iron shoes" occur also in No. 89. Cr. Comparetti, No. 5 1 j 
 Crane, pp. 7, 142, 323, 324; Dozon, Contes Albanais, No. 12, "La Belle 
 de la Terre"; Folk-lore Rec, iii, 231, "Prince Wolf" ; F.-L. /ournal, iii, 
 295 (Chilian pop. tale) ; Gonzenbach, No. 32 ; Gradi, Vigilia^ p. 26 ; De 
 Gubernatis, 6'/<7. ^y^ij/ttWi?, No. 14; Hahn, Nos. 73, 132; Magyar Folk-tales ^ 
 p. 262 ; Ortoli, p. 8 ; Pcntamerone, v, 4 ; Pitre, No. 56 ; Vernaleken, p. 355 
 Webster, p. 39; Wolf, Deutsche Hausmdr.^ No. 19, "Die eisernen Stiefel," 
 PP- 75-9- 
 
 In Hahn's No. 103 the father will marry his daughter's teacher when his 
 shoes become red. In Grimm's No. 13 the boot with a hole in the sole must 
 hold water first. 
 
 Stone shoes must be worn through in Sagas from the Far East^ p. 217. 
 
 51- 
 
 (P. 313.) For jewels or gold from the mouth, of. Benfey, Pantschatantra^ 
 379-80; Cavallius, No. vii, C; Chambers, p. 105; Cosquin, ii, 118 ff. ; 
 Dasent, " Bushy Bride" j Day, Folk-tales of Bengal^ No. 5, p. 97 ; Frere, 
 
NOTES. 509 
 
 0. D. D., p. 239, No. 21 ; Grimm, Nos. 13, 24; Grundtvig, iii, 112; 
 Minaef, No. 33 (a Himalayan tale); Monseur, Folklore Wallon, p. 50; 
 Perrault, *'Les Fees" ; Portuguese Tales ^ No. 18, pp. 75-79 ; Sagas from the 
 Far East ^ pp. 18, 49 ; Sastri, Dravidian Nights^ p. 129 ; Stokes, p. 13, No. 
 2 ; Temple, Leg. of the Punjab^ p. 233. 
 
 Roses fall from the mouth in Gonzenbach, No. 34 ; Hahn, No. 28 ; 
 Karajich, No. 35 ; Fentamerone, 4, 7 ; Pitre, No. 62. Comp. Riviere, Contes 
 ICabyles, p. 51. When the heroine laughs the sun shines, when she weeps, it 
 rains, and roses fall as she walks. This is like the story of the Mussulman 
 in looi Nights, Spitta-Bey's No. 11, and the Roumanian story {Das Ausland, 
 1858, p. 90). Compare Glinski, iii, 97 ; Schneller, No. 22. The hero 
 laughs roses in Tuti-Nameh (vol. ii, p. 72 ; Rosen's trans.). In a modern 
 Greek song, when the charming maid laughs, roses fall into her apron 
 (67rou 76A.a, koX irecpTOvve ra ^65a 's t^j/ iroSidu ttjs), Fauriel, 2, 382. In Heinr. 
 von Neuenstadt's Apollonius of Tyre (composed c. 1400), it is asked, 1. 182, 
 " wa sach man rosen lachen?" and then follows a tale about a man who 
 laughs roses. The same poem of Apollonius has, at 1. 2370 : 
 
 " er kuste sie wol dreissig stunt 
 an iren rosenlachen munt." 
 
 Grimm remarks that the myth must have been very popular, as he has 
 frequently found in records, and even at the present day, the names Rosen- 
 lacher, Rosenlachler, Blumlacher. {Teut. Myth., iioi.) 
 And see Nos. 81, 89, 118, of this collection. 
 
 52. 
 (P. 320.) Compare No. 100, in which the stepmother throws the heroine's 
 children into a pond. The incident recurs in Arnason, pp. 370, 411, 413, 428. 
 In each of these stories (except No. lOo) the heroine is calumniated and cast 
 forth J but her life is spared, and her children, who have been rescued, are 
 restored to her. She is eventually reunited to her husband. See the references 
 given in note 20, 
 
 S3. 
 
 (P. 333.) In the story of " The Golden Duck" (Gerle, Volksmdrchen der 
 Bohmen, No. v) a fairy presents a good girl with the gift that her tears shall be 
 pearls, and the hair she combs out gold. When she grows up she is betrothed 
 because of these gifts and of her beauty, to a count, who has heard of her 
 from her brother. But she must never allow a single ray of sunlight to fall on 
 her, or these magic attributes will discontinue. On the way to her bride- 
 groom she is accompanied by her aunt and cousin, with whom she has been 
 brought up ; and once, when the aunt is opening the door of the carriage, one 
 ray of sunlight falls on the bride, and she is instantly changed into a golden 
 duck, which swims away. The aunt presents her own daughter to the count 
 as the bride. (The story is a variant of Grimm's No. 13";.) 
 
 The ray of light which pierces the little crack in the door, in Grimm's 
 story of " The Singing, Soaring Lark," transforms the lion-prince into a dove. 
 
510 NOTES. 
 
 In Gonzenbach's No. 32 (which has many of the incidents common to Cinder 
 ella tales), Caterina must not go near the sea, or she will turn into a sea- 
 serpent. In Schneller's No. 22 the heroine must beware of a ray of sunlight. 
 
 54. 
 
 (P. 343.) There is a gold ass also in No. 145, which story, having also the 
 fairy- god mother, is probably derived from or influenced by Perrault's version. 
 
 For gold-producing animals, cf. Arnason, p. 566 (mare) ; Asbjornsen, No. 
 7 (goat) ; Dozon, No. 17 (lion) ; Erdelyi-Stier, No. 12 (lamb) ; Etlar, p. 150 
 (hen}; F.-L. Journal, vi, 21, Aino tale (gold puppy and silver puppy): 
 Glinski, iv, 106 (lamb) ; Gonzenbach, No. 52 (ass) ; Baring Gould (Appendix 
 on Household stories, in Henderson's North. Counties, 1866), No. 7 (ass) ; 
 Grimm, No. 36 (ass). No. 122 (heart of bird) ; Lootens, p. 9 (sheep) ; 
 Pantschatantra, bk. iii, Fable 5 (swan's gold feather), and Fable 13 (bird) ; 
 Pentamerone, i, i (ass) ; Natesa Sastri, Dravidian Nights, pp. 129, 149 ff. ; 
 Schneller, No. 15 (ass) ; Schott, No. 20 (ass) ; Strackerjan, ii, 312 (hen) ; 
 Vemaleken, No. 11 (she-goat); Waldau, p. 41 (ram); Wojcicki, p. 108 
 (ram and hen) ; Zingerle, ii, 84 (hen), 185 (ass). Compare the gold-produc- 
 ing birds in the Mahabharata (also the gold-producing son of King Srinjaya, 
 see Clouston, i, 124) ; ^sop's fable of the goose that laid the golden egg ; 
 and the golden eggs of the hen in the stories of "Jack the Giant-Killer" and 
 •* Jack and the Beanstalk". In La Fontaine's Contes et Nouvelles there is a 
 dog " qui secoue de I'argent et des pierreries". Cf. Sagas froju the Far East, 
 p. 18, " The Gold-spitting Prince." 
 
 55. 
 
 (P. 346.) In Imbriani {Nov. fior.. No. xvii, "II Re Avaro"), the 
 avaricious king forces his daughter to marry a thief who has tried to pass for 
 a gentleman. Father is invited by his daughter to a feast, and given every 
 dish without flavouring, whilst the other guests are praising the exquisite 
 delicacies. 
 
 In a Hindoo variant, " The Princess who loved her Father like Salt" 
 (Stokes, Ind. Fairy Tales, No. 23, p. 164), the heroine is abandoned in the 
 jungle, where she is miraculously fed. Presently she reaches a place where 
 the king's son is lying dead, his body stuck full of needles. She has pulled 
 all of them out except those in the eyes, when she leaves a slave in charge 
 whilst she rests. The slave disobeys injunctions, completes the task, and the 
 prince comes to life again. He marries the slave, who pretends she has 
 delivered him, and the heroine is degraded to slavery. The truth eventually 
 comes to light, and the prince marries the heroine, whose parents are invited 
 to the wedding. 
 
 In a Tyrolese version (Zingerle, Kinder- nnd Hausindrchen aus Tirol, No. 
 31) the youngest daughter gives the king a little salt as a birthday present, 
 and is driven away. After a time she becomes her father's cook, and serves 
 up his food without salt. This leads to the usual explanation and restoration 
 to favour. 
 
 Pitre also refers to Storia della Regina Oliva Jiglitiolo di Giuliano Impera- 
 tore e moglie del Re di Castiglia, by Foriano Pico. Naples, 17th cent. 
 
NOTES. 511 
 
 56. 
 
 (P. 349.) Dr. Pitre says that this story seems a mixture of two or three 
 tales, and compares it (amongst others which I have tabulated) with "ZezoUa", 
 Fentamerone, i, 6, and " Cenerentola" in Cinque Storie della Nonna (Turin, 
 
 . B. Paravia). The principle, he says, is common to many other tales, of 
 which it would be enough to cite " The Empress Rosina" and " The Parrot who 
 told three Tales" (Pitre) ; " Tea Tecla e Teopista" (Gradi, No. 2) ; " Zelinda 
 and the Monster" (Imbriani, Nov. fior.. No. 21) ; *' Fola del Mercant" (Coro- 
 nedi-Berti). The meetings of the young king with the maiden in the garden, 
 her disappearance, and his sickening, recur in the second half of " Orza", 
 Pent,, ii, 6 (see No. 149). The apparitions of the fair unknown at the king's 
 court are like that of Gmseppe in " The three Mountains crowned with Gold" 
 (Pitre). Ninetta's going into the prince's garden may be compared with that 
 of the seven gossips in the mother-monster's garden to gather jujubes (Gon- 
 zenbach. No. 53). See also " The Old Woman of the Garden" (Pitre). 
 
 57. 
 (P. 357.) A similar incident occurs in the opening of the story ot "Sigurdr 
 the King's Son" (Arnason, pp. 278 ff.) The king is leaving the house of the 
 brown dog, where he has found hospitable entertainment for himself and for his 
 horse, when the brown dog reproaches him with ingratitude, and threatens his 
 life unless he will promise to give him whatever he first meets on his return 
 home. In three days' time the dog comes for the king's youngest daughter. 
 The same promise is exacted from the king by the lion-prince in Grimm's 
 " Singing, Soaring Lark". This is a distortion of the Jephtha formula, which 
 is itself (as Mr. Lang says, Cupid and Psyche) " a moral warning against rash 
 vows, combined wiih a reminiscence of human sacrifice". Compare other 
 stories of the "Beauty and the Beast" type (as, ^.^., Cosquin's "Le Loup 
 Blanc", ii, 215 ff., and variants), and see also Nos. 275 and 297 of this 
 collection. 
 
 58. 
 (P. 367.) For "kiss of oblivion" see Am. F.-L. Journal^ iv, 252; 
 Bihl. de las Trad, pop., i, 187; Braga, No. 6; Busk, p. 8, " Filagranata" ; 
 Campbell, i, 34, "The Battle of the Birds," and p. 56; Coronedi-Berti, 
 No. 13; Finamore, ^3rwz^., No. 4; F.-L. journal, i, 323, "Grey Norris" 
 (Irish tale); ii, 16, "Prince Unexpected" (Polish tale) ; Glinski, i, 124 ; Gon- 
 zenbach, Nos. 13, 14, 54, 55, and notes ; Grimm, No. 56, "Sweetheart 
 Roland"; No. 186, "The True Sweetheart"; No. 193, "The Drummer"; 
 Hahn, No. 54 ; Kletke, ii, 78 ; Household Stones from the Land of Hofer, 
 "Dove Maiden"; Kohler in Oiient und Occident, ii, 103 ff., and notes to 
 Kreutzwald (1869); Luzel, pp. 26, 39; Maclnnes, pp. i ff., 137, 438, 459 ; 
 Maspons, Rondallayre, i, p. 85; Miillenhoff, p. 400; Fentamerone, Nos. 17, 
 29; Pitre, No. 13; Revue Celtique, p. 374 ff. ; Rivista di litt. pop., i, 
 (1878), p. 83 ; Schmidt, Nos. 5, 12 ; Schneller, No. 27 ; Thorpe, p. 448, 
 "Goldmaria and Goldfeather" ; Webster, p. 127 ; Wolf, p. 286. 
 
 In the Lorraine story, "La Chatte Blanche" (Cosquin, ii, 9ff.), the hero 
 
512 NOTES. 
 
 loses his beauty when kissed by his grandmother. In the Kaffir tale {S. Af. 
 F.-L. Jojirnal, i, 5), the man who has been bewitched by an enemy regains 
 human form when kissed by a girl. In an Icelandic story (Arnason, 422) a 
 dog licks the ointment off the hero, causing him to forget his love, who had 
 anointed him. 
 
 The " curse of oblivion" occurs in the Legend ot Bharata Mahabhrata, 
 upon which is founded the drama of Sakuntala, by Kalidasa. It is incurred 
 through tasting food in "The Mastermaid", Dasent, p. 71, and through 
 swallowing an enchanted powder in '* Panch-Phul Ranee", Frere, 0. D. Z>., 
 p. 143. In Keightley's Fairy Myth., i, 74, Ogier is placed under a spell by 
 Morgan the Fay, making him forget family, friends, and country. Cf, 
 Magyar Folk-tales, p. 25, "Handsome Paul"; Ralston, p. 131. There is 
 food which brings forgetfulness in Saxo, Hist. Dan., viii. In Saxo's account 
 of King Gorm's and Thorkil's journey to the lower world, Thorkil warns his 
 travelling companions not to taste the drinks or accept the courtesies that will 
 there be offered to them, or they will lose all memory of the past, and 
 remain for ever in Gudmund's realm {H. D., i, 424). The Danes heeded 
 the advice, and ate and drank the provisions that they had taken with them. 
 See Rydberg, Teut. Myth., 213, 351. This recalls the case of Persephone, 
 who cannot for ever quit Hell, because she tasted there of a pomegranate. 
 In the Icelandic tale the heroine is warned not to eat the food the Dale-queen 
 will give her (Arnason, 516). Upon the subject of not tasting food in Hell, 
 see Lang's Cupid and Psyche, xxxvi ; Myth, Ritital, and Religion, ii, 26 ; 
 Custom and Myth, p. 171. Wainomoinen refuses drink when among the 
 dead. Cf. also Cavallius, No. 14 B ; Dennys, Folk-lore of China, p. 98 ; 
 F.-L. Journal, vi, 192; Ralston, p. 299; etc. In "The King's Son and 
 Messeria" (Thorpe, p. 203), forgetfulness follows the hero's tasting of food 
 when absent from his bride, and it is the result of uttering words in his father's 
 house in " The King's Son and Princess Singorra" {ibid., p. 216). A "grain 
 of oblivion" is put into the hero's mouth in No. 48 of this collection. 
 
 The "drink of oblivion" occurs in No. 29. See also Arnason, pp. 256, 
 377; Frere, 0. D. Z)., p. 260, "Chandra's Vengeance." (In the Icelandic 
 story (Arnason, 377), besides the potion of forgetfulness, there is a drink 
 which obliges one to speak the truth.) A hern of forgetfulness hovers over the 
 drink in Havamal Str., 13, 15. In Gudrunarkvida, ii, 21, a song written in 
 Christian times, the heathen mythic di-ink that was given to the child 
 Heimdal (Hyndla's Lay) reappears as a potion of f ji getfulness allaying 
 sorrow. See Rydberg, Teut. Myth., ()2. Compare the Lethe myth. Grim- 
 hild gives a potion to Sigfred which makes him forget his love, Brunhild 
 (see Corpus Poet. Bor., i, 289, 393, 395) ; she gives one also to her daughter 
 Gudrun {ih., i, 316, 321). Valkyrs, elfins, and enchantresses offer to heroes 
 their drinkjng- horns that they may forget all else and stay with them. So 
 did Gondul offer the comers drink out of a horn; see Grimm, Teut. Myth., 
 420. A beautifully dressed and garlanded maiden from the Osenberg offers 
 the Count of Oldenburg a draught in a silver horn, while uttering predictions 
 {Deutsche Sagen, No. 541). Svend Falling drank out of the horn handed 
 him by elf-women (Thiele, 2, 67). Svend Falling is identical with Siegfried 
 
NOTES. 
 
 513 
 
 (see Grimm, p. 372). In a Swedish folk-song in Arvidsson, 2, 301, three 
 mountain-maids hold out silver tankards in their white hands, Comp. some 
 Norwegian traditions in Faye, pp. 26-8-9, 3^, and some Danish in Thiele, 
 I J 49. 55- Brynhildr or Sigrdrifa fills a goblet and brings it to Sigurd 
 (Volsunga Saga). A white lady offers a silver goblet in Koch's /^ez'se d. 
 Oestr., p. 262. A maiden hands the horn, and is cut down, Wieselgren, 455. 
 Subterraneans offer similar drink, Miillenhoff, p. 576; and z. jdtte hands 
 a horn, Runa, 1844, 88. Cf. the Swedish tale in Afzelius, 2, 159, 160, and 
 the song in Arvidsson, 2, 179, 282, where the miner makes the maiden drink 
 of the glomskans horn, and forget father and mother, heaven and earth, sun 
 and moon. Helen makes a ^magic potion, mingling spices with the wine 
 {Od., 4, 220-230) ; so does Circe [Od., 10, 235). The Faroese still call the 
 draught of oblivion otmiinni (see Grimm, 1632). Upon the connection 
 between kissing and the minne-drinking at sacrifices and in sorcery, see ib.^ 
 iioi. {Minna in the Swedish folk-songs and minde in the Danish signify to 
 kiss. Comp. (plKrpov, love-potion. 
 
 " And that golden cup her mother 
 Gave her, that her future lord, 
 Gave her, that King Marc and she, 
 Might drink it on their marriage-day. 
 And for ever love each other.") 
 
 ( Tristram und Iseult. ) 
 
 59- 
 (P. 369.) In the story of "The Paunch" (Arnason, pp. 366 ff.), the 
 unnatural father ties his daughter to a rope, which she contrives to transfer to 
 the bitch, while she makes her escape. 
 
 60. 
 
 (P. 37'0.) I have found a curious variant of this incident in Eugen Prym 
 und Albert Socin, Der Neu-Aramdische Dialeki des Tnr ' Ahdtn. Gottingen, 
 1881. No. XXII. Vol. ii, p. 75. 
 
 Heroine lives with married brother, whose wife calumniates her till he has 
 her shut up in her room and bread and water taken to window. Wife one 
 day puts snake in water- jug, and heroine swallows it unawares. It grows 
 inside her. Brother, wishing to spare her from reproach, invites her to go 
 riding with him, and lakes her away to the mountains. She complains of 
 thirst, and he bids her follow a bee which is passing at the moment, for it 
 will lead her to where there is water. She is to drink and return to him ; but 
 meanwhile he rides off. She rides after the bee for two days, and then finds 
 water. When she rides back her brother has gone. She dismounts, ties the 
 mare to her feet, and goes to sleep. A prince who has been hunting finds her 
 and speaks to her, but she does not answer. He takes her with him ; and, as 
 for two whole days she has spoken no word, he asks physician what is amiss 
 with her. Doctor says she has a snake inside her. I'hey must heat 
 a cauldron of milk over the fire, and lay a sieve over the top, hang the girl 
 head downwards over it, and the snake will fall from her mouth on to the 
 
 L L 
 
514 NOTES. 
 
 sieve, and she will be able to talk. So it happens. One day, when heroine is 
 at the well drawing water, she is carried off by a giant. She is eventually 
 found and liberated by her brother, who in the meantime has killed his wife 
 and set out to seek his sister. 
 
 Compare the way in which the alp luachra is enticed forth in the Irish 
 Gaelic story (Hyde, Beside the Fire, 65-67). Possibly the snake in the 
 Cinderella tale was attracted by the stream near which the heroine lay down. 
 
 (P. 376.) This incident recalls Grimm's story of " The Three Spinners", in 
 which three deformed women will spin for the heroine, provided she will 
 invite them to her wedding. They suggest the three MoTpax, daughters of 'AfciYKTj. 
 For variants oi the spinning ^ioxy, see Busk,i^-Z. ^., pp. 375 ff. ; Chambers, 
 p. 76; Dasent, p. 198; Grimm, Nos. 14, 55; Ipswich /ournal, Jan. 15, 
 1878, "Tom Tit Tot"; Henderson, Northern Counties, p. 258, "Habetrot"; 
 Hant, Pop. Romances, p. 239 ; Knoop, Volkssagen, Erzcihlungenund Miirchen 
 ans dem Oestlichen Hijttcrpommern, p. 223, No. 12, "Die Spinnerin"; Magyar 
 Folk-tales, p. 46 ; Pedroso, Port.- Tales, p. 79; Symington, Pen and Pencil 
 Sketches of Faroe and Iceland, p. 240; Thorpe, xi and 168 ; Tuscan Fciry 
 Tales, p. 43 ; Webster, p. 56 ; etc. 
 
 62. 
 
 (P« 379-) With the three drops of blood from the helpful animal (who is 
 here the transformed mother), compare the three drops of the mother's blood in 
 Grimm's story of "The Goose-girl" (No. 89). 
 
 (P- 393-) Similarly, the hoodie makes the giant return the axe in "The 
 Battle of the Birds" (Campbell, i, 33); and in "Schwester und Bruder" 
 (Toeppen, p. 146) a bird each time makes the witch-mother take back home 
 the axe and spade, which she has fetched to demolish the obstacles to pursuit. 
 
 64. 
 
 (P. 401.) Compare Amason, p. 366, "The Paunch"; Gonzenbach, i, 155, 
 "Von dem Kinde der Mutter Gottes"; Wolf's Z., iv, 224 (Slovac tale). 
 
 65. 
 (P. 409.) The writer on Turkish marriages, whom I quote in note 12, 
 states that the bridegroom, without lifting the bride's veil, or yet seeing her 
 face, encircles her waist with a diamond zone, the old one being thrown aside. 
 This custom affords a curious parallel to the marriage ceremony described 
 in the Swedish tale (No. 302). In all the stories of this class (see Nos. 276, 
 283, 284, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 299, 303), it is evident that the 
 bridegroom is not familiar with the features of his betrothed, or he is party to 
 the deception practised on him ; for only in No. 290 is the bride described a 
 being closely veiled. 
 
NOTES. 515 
 
 66. 
 
 (P. 416.) I am indebted to the kindness of Sig. Vid Vuletic-Vukasovic, of 
 Curzola, Dalmatia, for some interesting " Observations", which I here trans- 
 late, on the story of " Pepeljuga" (Cinderella) :— 
 
 "No story is so widely diffused amongst the Southern Slavs as that of 
 Cinderella. In every variety of circumstance she is an unfortunate orphan 
 vi^hose mother has died a natural death, or has been the victim of sacrifice. 
 Even the smallest village has more than one variant of the story, which may be 
 referred to one of two distinct types ; the first derived from an Italian col- 
 lection, JVuovo libro delle fate^; the second taken from the stories related by 
 the Serbs. On these two prototypes almost all the other versions are based. 
 In Dalmatia all variants of Cinderella (called ' Cuzza-tzenere' in Spalatro, 
 Sebenico, and the island of Brazza^) have been somewhat influenced by the 
 Italian prototype, while the second prototype has coloured the remaining 
 variants of the stor)', found on the peninsula of Balcanica, and, united with the 
 first, has produced a commingled version found throughout Dalmatia and the 
 sea-board of Croatia. In Dalmatia it is always narrated in Slav, as also in 
 Bosnia, Herzegovina, and in other districts of the Balkans. This story has 
 entered so realistically into the national life that the term 'Pepeljuga' is 
 commonly applied to any poor girl who is persecuted or neglected. 
 
 "In the mountains, where the people principally lead pastoral lives, the 
 mother [in the story] gets transformed into a heifer ; whereas on the coast the 
 mother dies a natural death, or is killed by the two elder daughters, and 
 mourned by the youngest. In the mountains, the heifer is a sort of tutelary 
 genius to the poor innocent girl, and when it is slain, 'she who loved it in 
 life' (this is the customary phrase with the Slavs), ' loves it still when dead'. 
 Accordingly, in obedience to the injunction, she collects the bones and 
 religiously buries them in a heap. It is well known that the Southern Slavs 
 bury their dead under enormous monuments called Stecci. These are full of 
 symbolical signs and other data drawn from the life of the deceased. More 
 than three hundred thousand similar monuments have been enumerated in 
 Bosnia s Herzegovina, Upper Dalmatia, and ancient Serbia, etc. ; and durirg 
 the last ten years the present writer has been at pains to illustrate them with 
 their respective ' Ancient-Bosnian Epitaphs' in the archaeological journals of 
 Agram, Sarajevo, and Belgrade. 
 
 " In Dalmatia, also, the dead mothei's bones are collected by the youngest 
 daughter and deposited in a tomb under the shadow of some tree, such as a 
 walnut, a hazel, a pomegranate, or an apple-tree, etc. In the mountains the 
 
 ^ Sig. Vid Vuletic-Vukasovic has kindly furnished me with a transcription of 
 the version of "La Cenerentola", found in the above-named collection, but I 
 have not reproduced it, as it differs in no respect whatsoever from Grimm's 
 " Aschenputtel". 
 
 ^ In Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Servia she is called exclusively "Pepel- 
 juga"; in Lika, Croatia, " Pepeljavica"; and in Bol (Is. of Brazza), " Pepel- 
 juznica". 
 
 L L 2 
 
5i6 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 girl receives no visitation ; while in Dalmatia her dead mother appears to her 
 in the form of a fairy {ninfa), comforts her, and gives her a magic wand with 
 which to strike the tomb, in order to obtain assistance when in trouble. 
 
 " In the mountains, the two doves appear and converse with the orphan. In 
 Dalmatia she goes to the ball in a carriage, having obtained all she requires 
 from the nut, apple, or other tree ; in the mountains there simply appears a 
 casket, in which she finds the several dresses. In the mountains the task Is of 
 two sorts : up to the time of the death of the heifer It consists In spinning, and 
 afterwards In performing the most menial household duties, and In picking up 
 millet or lentils ; while in Dalmatia, In a large number of variants, the task 
 consists solely In spinning, and Is performed at a stroke of the magic wand. 
 In Dalmatia, in the several variants, millet and lentils are mixed together, and, 
 by means of the magic wand, are sorted by a number of birds and ants. la 
 Dalmatia the girl escapes from the ball under the excuse of going to drink 
 some water, or fasten her garters, or so on ; while In the upper districts of the 
 Balkans she escapes before the end of divine service, or before the fair Is over 
 — for In this region she goes either to church or to the fair. 
 
 " In Dalmatia there is not always a cruel stepmother, but there are In- 
 variably the two cruel sisters, more ugly than the youngest ; while In the 
 higher districts there Is always a cruel stepmother with her one ugly daughter. 
 In Dalmatia the enchantments are brought about by means of the magic wand, 
 while In the mountains the girl simply prays ; thus, in Dalmatia, either 
 Spanish or Italian genius has had some Influence on the popular tale. 
 
 *'In Dalmatia it is always 'the king's son', in the mountains 'the em- 
 peror's son'. The king's son. In Dalmatia, smears the steps of the palace with 
 tar, that the shoes may adhere to them ; but In the mountainous districts the 
 girl simply loses her shoe In escaping through the crowd. In both varieties of 
 the story the father plays an insignificant role^ and in Dalmatia next to none. 
 In all districts the search Is of a similar nature, but there Is some variety as to 
 the manner in which the heroine is discovered ; for Instance, in the mountains 
 she Is hidden by her stepmother under a trough and spied by a cock ; In 
 Dalmatia, In the garret or under the chimney. In every case she appears In 
 the clothes she wore at the last church or ball, but without the corresponding 
 shoe. When she Is recognised she Is married to the son of the king or em- 
 peror. There Is, however, this difference : In Dalmatia the two ugly sisters 
 often figure In the wedding procession, and are punished by the two doves, 
 which peck out an eye of each. 
 
 "Finally, It should be remarked that the dresses are more magnificent In 
 Dalmatia than in the mountains ; for in Dalmatia the first dress is of silk, 
 ornamented with birds ; the second Is of silver, ornamented with the fishes of 
 the sea ; the third is of gold, ornamented with sun, moon, and stars. In the 
 mountainous districts the dress enters the casket at the simple word of com- 
 mand, and disappears ; In Dalmatia it enters the nut, or apple, and vanishes by 
 virtue of the magic wand. 
 
 ' ' There are but few variants In Dalmatia In which the two elder sisters eat 
 their mother's flesh (which Incident Is probably borrowed from the Spanish), 
 and In one solitary version Cinderella is in the service of some Dominican 
 
NOTES. 
 
 517 
 
 friars, and being persecuted by them, escapes to a forest and transforms 
 herself into a serpent ; she is presently retransformed into a lovely maiden by 
 a king's son who is out hunting, armed with a gun, and with whom she had 
 formerly been in love." 
 
 (P. 418.) In No. 335 the hero has the power to become invisible. With 
 the invisible veil compare the tarnkappe, the nebelkappe of King Alberich, the 
 wishing-cap of Fortunatus, Perseus' cap, the ring of Gyges (Plato, Repub., 
 359. 360), the ring which makes Discordia invisible (Troj., 1303-24), Pluto's or 
 Orcus's helmet ("A/Sos Kwit], II., 5, 845 ; Hesiod, SaiL, 227), and the 
 mantle of Arthur and the ring of Luned, which were reckoned amongst the 
 thirteen precious things of the Island of Britain {Mabinogion, p. 286). Other 
 things which make invisible are an adder's crown [Atternkrbnlein, Grimm, 
 T. M, 687) ; a bird's nest {Deutsche Sa^cji, No. 85 ; Haupt, Zeitschrift, 3, 
 361; Mone, Anz., 8, 539); the right-hand tail-feather of a cock (Luciani 
 Somn., 28-9); the finger-ring of Dame Aventiure (Suchenwirth, No. xxv) ; 
 heliotrope,^ Sonnenwedel, laid under a stone (Mone, 8, 614) ; and fern-seed 
 {\\o\f, Zeitschrift, 2,30). So Shakespeare says, "We have the receipt of 
 fern-seed, we walk invisible" (i Henry IV^ ii, i). The Wend. volksL, 2, 
 271a, makes it blossom at Midsummer noon. In Redeker's Westf. Sagen^- 
 No. 46, other details are given : " Fern-seed makes one invisible ; it is difficult 
 to procure ; it ripens only between twelve and one on Midsummer night, and 
 falls off directly and is gone." Mr. Frazer says : " Fern-bloom on Midsummer 
 Eve makes invisible" {Golden Bough, ii, 287), and gives a number of references. 
 According to Mr. Ralston (see Sojtgs of the Russian People, p. 98), the ideas 
 associated with the fern in other lands are current also in Russia. At certain 
 periods of the year it bursts into fiery blossoms, which disappear almost in- 
 stantaneously, for evil spirits swarm thickly round them and carry them off. 
 He tells the best way to obtain them, but the particulars are too lengthy to 
 quote. These magic blossoms appear on St. John's Day at Midsummer, as 
 well as on Easter Day (Athanas'ev, P. V. S., ii, 379). A number of similar 
 traditions about the fern, from German sources, will be found in Kelly's 
 Curiosities of Indo- European Tradition- and Folk-lore, pp. 181, 200. 
 
 Gods can appear and vanish as they please (see note 6). For gods becoming 
 visible Homer has a special word, iuapyffs : xaAeTroi 5e 6eol (palveadai ivapy€7s, 
 //., 20, 131; and see (9(/., 7, 201; 16, 161. Comp. ivapyijs avyy ev6fi€vos, 
 Eucian's Sat., 10) ; and against their will they can be seen of none {Od., 10, 
 573). Dwarfs and men, to become invisible, need some outward means. The 
 dwar(-ta.\es teW o{ Jiebel/cappen {Deittsche Sagen, Nos. iS2, 153, 155), of grey 
 coats and red caps (Thiele, i, 122, 135), and of scarlet cloaks {Deutsche Sagen, 
 No. 149). Compare the huldre-hat (Asbjornsen, i, 70, 158-59). Grimm 
 gives a spell (No. li) to make oneself invisible, part of which says, '* Christus 
 
 ^ According to Pliny, it was the precious stone heliotrope that would render 
 the wearer invisible (see //. N.^ xxxvii, lo, 60) ; compare " Senza sperar 
 pertugio o elitropia", Inferno, xxiv, 9 j. 
 
5i8 NOTES. 
 
 ist mein Mantel, Rock, Stock und Fuss, seine heilige flinf Wunden mich 
 verbergen thun." 
 
 For examples in folk-tales of various gear to render the wearer invisible, see 
 the following: Asbjornsen, i, 70, 158-59; Am. F.-L. Journal, i, 76 (cap) ; 
 Arnason, p. 397; Busk, F.-L. A'., pp. 129-30; Clouston, Pop. Tales and Fic- 
 tions, J, 72 fif. ; Cosquin, ii, 80, 256 ; Crane, pp. i, 23 ; Dasent, p. 181, 
 *' Three Princesses of Wniteland"; F.-L. Rec, i, 211 ; ii, 10, 13; Frere 
 0. D. D., p. 39 ff. ; Grimm, Deut. S., No. 85 (flower) ; Kathasaritsagara, 
 story of King Mahasena, and story of King Putraka ; Mabinogion, p. 13; 
 MHusine, 1876, c. 17 fif., " Le Voleur avise"; Mitford, Talcs of Old Japan, 
 "Little Peachling"; Morolt, 1305 (magic ring with nightingale in it) ; Ped- 
 roso, Port. Tales, " Dancing Shoes"; Ralston, R. F. Z, p. 253 ; 2c^^ Songs of 
 the Russian People, p. 98; Sagas from Fat East, p. 18, " Gold -spitting 
 Prince"; Schreck, Finnische Mdrchen, No. 3 ; Stokes, No. 21, pp. 59, 138 ; 
 Symington, Pen and Pencil Sketches of Faroe and Iceland, p. 247 (stone); 
 Thorpe, p. 342, " Svend's"Exploits" (finger-stall) ; Tuscan Fairy Tales, No. 
 10, pp. 102-12 ; Vernaleken, pp. 153 (cap), 289, and 355 (cloak); Wide- 
 Awake Stories^ p. 37 ff. 
 
 68. 
 
 (P. 423.) Bees bring the juice of flowers to the mouth of the shepherd 
 Komatas, Theocritus, 7, 60-89. Semiramis, the daughter of the fish-goddess, 
 Dercete, of Ascalon, and the Syrian youth, was exposed when an infant by her 
 mother, and miraculously preserved by doves, who fed her till she was dis- 
 covered by the shepherd Simmas (from whom she derived her name), Diodorus, 
 ii) 1-20. Elijah was fed by ravens. A woodpecker purveyed for Romulus 
 and Remus, when the wolf's milk did not suffice them, Ov., Fasti, 3, 37, 54. 
 
 A wookpecker also brought food to the sons of Mars. It was called "Apeos 
 opvis, and was held sacred by the ancient peoples of Italy. 
 
 See also Frere's 0. D. Z>., pp. 84-90 (eagles). 
 
 69. 
 
 (P. 428.) Spittle speaks in the following stories : — Athanas'ev, i, No. 3(5 ; 
 Callaway, p. 64, "Umtombinde"; Campbell, i, 55, " Battle of the Birds"; i^.-Z. 
 /ournal, ii, 14, "Prince Unexpected" (Polish story) ; Grimm, i, 414, variant 
 of " Hansel und Grethel" ; Kohler, Orient u. Occ, ii, 112; Magyar Folk' 
 tales, xxxiii, "Fairy Helena" ; Ralston, pp. 142, "The Baba Yaga," 161 ; 
 Vernaleken, "The Drummer," p. 292 ; Webster, p. 125. A door, when spat 
 upon, answers (Miillenhoff, p. 399). 
 
 Drops of blood speak in Kalewala, in Dasent's " Mastermaid" (p. 71), and 
 in Grimm's "Sweetheart Roland" (No. 56). Tufts of hair speak in Thealj 
 p. 131. Compare the talking sticks in 204 of this collection. 
 
 In the Edda, the spittle of the waves was shaped by the gods into a man, 
 whose blood, when he was slain, was mixed with honey and made into the 
 mead, of which, if a man drink, he becomes a poet and a sage (see Corpus 
 Poet. Boreale, i, 464). 
 
NOTES. 519 
 
 70. 
 
 (P. 448.) For the incident of stealing the key and liberating the bird, com- 
 pare Thorpe's "Princess on the Glass Mountain", pp. 86-94; Grundtvig, 
 Ddnische Volksmdrcheii^ i, 228 ; Zingerle (Tyrol), i, 28 ; Deulin, Conies du 
 Koi Cambrinus^ ii, 151 ; Webster, p. 22 ; Romero, No. 8 ; and Grimm, No. 
 136, " Iron John" (which is a variant of the whole story given by Alhanas'ev) 
 
 71. 
 
 (P. 449.) The following story was amongst the number selected for me by 
 Dr. Karlowicz. It seems rather to belong to the " Puss-in-Boots" type, the 
 title alone suggesting likeness to the Cinderella group : — 
 
 E. Romanov, Byelonissky Sbornik (Recueil blanc-ruthenien), 5 vols. Kieff et 
 Witebsk, 1885-91. Vol. iii, pp. 226-27. (From the village of Slidce, near 
 Lukomla, in the district of Sienno, Government of Mohilew. ) 
 "PoPELYbKA" {(rom _popel, "ashes"). 
 
 The youth Popely^ka, who is always in the ashes of the hearth, has a cat 
 which lives on the stove. Cat proposes to marry his master to the daughter of 
 Thunder and Lightning, and goes to Thunder to arrange the marriage. On 
 the way back he tells Mr. Serpent's mowers that when Mr. Thunder passes by 
 with his suite they must say that they work for Mr. Popelyska ; he gives the 
 same directions also to the haymakers and to the herdsmen. Cat calls on Mr. 
 Serpent at his palace, and tells him that Mr. Thunder wiil be passing shortly, 
 and unless he hides himself in the hollow oak he is certain to be burnt. After 
 the wedding they all set out for Mr. Popely^ka's. The labourers reply that 
 they belong to Mr. P. The cat leads the guests to the palace of Mr. Serpent, 
 saying it is the estate of Mr. P., who, he tells Thunder, is much annoyed by the 
 serpent's proximity, and he shows him his hole. Thunder and Lightning send 
 a thunder-bolt at the oak ; Serpent is struck dead and burnt up. Popelyska 
 lives happily at the castle, and the cat becomes his steward. 
 
 The cat plays a prominent part as benefactor in Nos. II, 39, 71, and 
 121. 
 
 I here give brief abstracts of three more of the stories for which I am in» 
 debted to Dr. Karlowicz. The Cinderella element in them is not sufficiently 
 prominent to warrant their inclusion amongst the other variants. 
 
 Ch. Balinski, Powksn hidu (Folk-tales). Edited by K. W. Wojcicki. 
 
 Warsaw, 1842. Pp. 95-104. 
 
 " Pan Kozuszek" (Mr. Sheepskins). 
 
 A young and wealthy gentleman loses his fortune, and becomes a soldier 
 under the king. He is so very poor that he wraps himself up in a sheepskin 
 cloak, whence his name. King's daughter is carried off by a robber, who lives 
 underground. The soldier delivers the princess, and, after numerous adventures, 
 marries her< 
 
520 NOTES. 
 
 Sadok Baracz, Bajki,fraszki, podania, etc. (Contes, etc., de la Ruthenie), 
 
 Tarnopol, 1866. Pp. 118-25. 
 
 "The Lanterns." 
 
 A poor widow has a good-for-nothing son. A sorcerer comes and takes 
 him away under pretext of teaching him something. He sends him into 
 subterranean regions to fetch him old lanterns. Hero falls asleep there and 
 sleeps seven years. Having found the lanterns and other talismans, he returns 
 above ground. The king, learning that hero possesses talismans and riches, 
 wants to marry him to his daughter, but first imposes difficult tasks, which hero 
 accomplishes with the aid of his talismans. He marries the princess and lives 
 happily. The sorcerer hearing all this, appears on the scene to ruin his whilom 
 pupil, takes his lanterns away, and reduces him to poverty. But certain grate- 
 ful beasts come to his assistance and restore him to wealth and happiness. 
 The sorcerer perishes of hunger on his glass mountain. 
 
 N.B. — The good-for-nothing son is always asleep in the ashes of the stove, 
 and goes to the king dirty and ill- clad. 
 
 A. J. Glinski, Bajarz polski, 4 vols., 2nd ed. Wilna, 1862. Vol. i, 
 pp. 38-66, No. 2. 
 
 "Silly John; his Horse, his Quail, and his Pig." 
 
 An old sorcerer, in dying, bequeaths to Silly John, his youngest son, a know- 
 ledge of witchcraft, and a horse, a quail, and a pig. A king has three 
 daughters, and promises to give the youngest to the victor at the tournament. 
 Aided by his magic beasts John is victorious, though his brothers think him 
 silly, and though he passes all his time by the stove. 
 
 [A long story, embracing a mass of incidents]. 
 
 It may be well to add in outline two stories not infrequently referred to as 
 Cinderella variants : — 
 
 Otto Knoop, Volkssagen, Erzdhlungen und Mdrchen aiis deni est lichen 
 
 Hinterpommern. Posen, 1885. Pp. 192-194. 
 
 IV. — "Der dumme Hans." 
 
 Youngest son, with magic flutes, scales glass mountain to win princess. He 
 
 gives her a ring, by means of which he is recognised when, after a year's 
 
 interval, he returns for his bride. 
 
 Heinrich Prohle, Kinder- und Volksmdrchen. Leipzig, 1853. No. 10. 
 
 "Der Geist des Ringes und der Geist des Lichtes." 
 
 Widow's son gets lost at the age of fifteen. He becomes possessed of light 
 and ring, which are talismans. He does not hide his head as commanded, when 
 princess is carried through the town, but sees her and woos her. After per- 
 forming tasks he weds her. 
 
 The following sepalrate motifs of the Cinderella story have been pointed out 
 to me by Dr. Karlowicz :— 
 
 Wojcicki, Klechdyy etc^ ii, 83* A king's daughter mUst become a servant 
 
NOTES. 521 
 
 for a whole year, in order to deliver a young man, who has been transformed 
 through enchantment into a crow. 
 
 Kolberg, Liid. Krakowskie, 114- 117, Here we find Cinderella in the role of 
 sister-of-mercy in a soldier's hospital. A young prince is wounded, and re- 
 cognises the princess in the nurse who attends him at the hospital. 
 
 Zhior wiadoiiiosci^ etc., vol. xi, pp. 270-272. A beautiful story, taken down 
 in Polish by Dr. Karlowicz, in 1869. (From the district of Lida, Government 
 of Wilna.) In order to humiliate a haughty princess, a king's son takes 
 service as under-gardener at the palace of her parents. Thus he plays a lole 
 equivalent to that of Cinderella ; and in the end he is triumphant. 
 
 In the history of Polytechnos and Aedon, Chelidon, her sister, is forced to 
 become a sort of Cinderella, slave and servant. 
 
 In a Talmudic story. King Solomon, robbed by Asmodeus of his magic ring, 
 is compelled to take service as scullion at the couit of the king of the Am- 
 monites ; after a time he becomes the lover of the king's daughter. Vese- 
 lovsky, Slavyanskiyay skazaniya Solomonye i Kitovrasye (Slavonic legends of 
 Solomon and of Kentauros — [in Russian]). Petersburg, 1872. Pp. iio-ii. 
 Cf. Varnhagen, Ein indisches Mdrchen, Berlin, 1882. Pp. 19-20. 
 
 72. 
 
 (P. 450,) '* It seems to be a common custom with hunters to cut out the 
 tongues of the animals which they kill. Omaha hunters remove the tongue of 
 a slain buffalo through an opening made in the animal's throat. The tongues 
 thus removed are sacred, and may not touch any tool or metal, except when 
 they are boiling in the kettles at the sacred tent. They are eaten as sacred 
 food. [Third Report of the Bureau of Et/mology {'^2,%\img\.on), p. 289 sq.) 
 Indian bear-hunters cut out what they call the bear's little tongue (a fleshy 
 mass under the real tongue), and keep it for good luck in hunting, or burn it 
 to determine, from its crackling, etc., whether the soul of the slain bear is 
 angry with them or not. ^ (Kohl, Kitschi- Garni, ii, 251 sq.; Charlevoix, 
 Histoire de la Nouvelle France, v, 173; Chateaubriand, Voyage en Amerique, 
 pp. I'^'^sq., 184.) In folk-tales the hero commonly cuts out the tongue of the 
 wild beast which he has slain, and preserves it as a token. The incident 
 serves to show that the custom was a common one, since folk-tales reflect with 
 accuracy the customs and beliefs of a primitive age. (For examples of the 
 incident, see Blade, Contes agenais, pp. 12, 14; Dasent, '* Shortshanks"; 
 Schleicher, Litatiische Mdrchen, p. 58 ; Sepp, Altbagerischer Sagemchatz, 
 p. 114; Y:q\A^x on QQnzt^^(^,Sicilianische Mdrchen, ii, 230; Apcllodoru?, 
 iii, 13, 3; Mannhardt, Antike Wald- tmd Feldkulte, p. 53; Poestion, Lapp- 
 Idndische Mdrchen, p. 231 sq. ) It may be suggested that the cutting out of ihe 
 tongues is a precaution to prevent the slain animals from telling their fate to 
 the live animals, and thus frightening away the latter. At least, this explan- 
 ation harmonises with the primitive modes of thought revealed in the fore- 
 going customs." (Frazer's Golden Bough, ii, 129, note.) 
 
 See also Grimm, No. 60, "The two Brothers"; No. HI, "The SkUful 
 Huntsman"; Cosquin, i, 64, " La Bete a Sept Tetes", and Remarques, pp, 
 66 ff. , for a number of variants. 
 
522 NOTES. 
 
 In a story in Asiatic Journal^ New Series, vol. xxiv, 1837, p. 196, two 
 princes cut off" a portion of a lion's tail as trophy. The palace washerman 
 finds dead lion, cuts off" its head, and pretends to the hand of the princess. 
 The imposture is exposed. 
 
 Alcathous, son of Peiops, kills the Cithaeronian lion that ravages the country 
 of King Megareus, and cuts out its torgae. (Pausanias, i, 41, 4, and schol., 
 Apollonius of Rhodes on i, 517.) 
 
 For stories (Uke No. 323) in which the hero delivers a princess from a 
 dragon, or monster (St. George and the Dragon), cf. Asbjornsen, Tales of the 
 Fjeld,^. 223; Brueyre, "Red Etin"; Campbell, No. 4, van i; Ixiii ; i, ']6^ 
 'JJ ; Chambers, pp. 262, 296 ; Clouston, i, 155 ff". ; Comparetti, Nos. 32, 55 ; 
 Cosquin, i, 14, 19, 60, 64, 167 ; ii, 57, 165, 256 ; Day, Folk-tales of Bengal, 
 pp. IZ'T \ DennySy Folk-lore in Chi7ia^ etc.; Dozon, No. 14; Erdelyi-Stier, 
 No. I ; Finamore, No. 19, p. 87 ; F.-L. Journal, i, 55 ; vi, 159, "Death of 
 Diarmid", etc.; Friis, " Bondesonnen"; Gonzenbach, Nos. 40, 44; ii, 230; 
 Baring Gould, Curious Myths, 297-99 ; The Seven Champions of Christendom, 
 Grimm, Nos. 60, iii ; Grandtvig, ii, 194; Gubernatis, Sto. Stefano. No. 23 ; 
 Gipsy -lore Journal, iii, 84, 208 ; Hahn, No. 70 ; Henderson, North. Counties, 
 281 ff". ; Household Stories from Land of Hojer, p. 214, "The Three Black 
 Dogs"; Indian Antiquary, i, \'jo ', Jahrbtich fiir rom. u. eng. Lit., vii, 132; 
 Katha sarit Sagara, bk. vii, ch. 42; vol. i, p. 385 (Tavvney's trans.) ; Mac- 
 Innes, comp. p. 299 ; Magyar Tales, p. 374; Meier, No. 29 ; Pitre, ii, 215 ; 
 Ralston, " Ivan Popzalof," pp. 70, 347-48; Riviere, p. 195 (serpent control? 
 water-supply ; is propitiated daily with food) ; Sagas from the Far East, p. 18, 
 " Gold -spitting Prince"; Schneller, No. 39; Schott, No. 10; ^zoMC % Ai-abian 
 Nights, vi, "King Yewen and his Three Sons"; Sebillot, Haute Bretagne, i, 
 No. 9 ; Stokes, pp. 65, 178, 269 ; Temple, Leg. of the Punjab, vol. i, p. I7ff".; 
 Thorpe, p. 344 ; Vernaleken, p. 85 ; Webster, pp. 80, 89 ; Wide- Awake 
 Stories, pp. 143 ff., 258 ff., 306 ff. ; Wolf, Deut. M. u. S., Nos. 20, 21, and 
 p. 82 ; Zingerle, ii, No. i. Compare Perseus and Andromeda; Heracles and 
 the daughter of Laomedon (//,, xx, 145 ; and see Mr. Lang's note, p. 517, of 
 his Iliad) ; Bhima in the legend of " Bakabadha" {Mahdbhdrata, see Monier 
 Williams, Ind. Epic Poetry ^2xA Dean Milman's "The Brahman's Lament") ; 
 the Persian romance of " Hatim Tai"; the Vedic myth of the battle between 
 light and darkness ; Indra and Vitra (in Mr. Baring Gould's opinion the 
 legend of St. George and the Dragon is a solar myth). 
 
 Siegmund, Siegfried, and Beowulf were dragon-quellers ; Frotho (in Saxo 
 Gram.) overpowers a venomous dragon ; Thor himself tackles the enormous 
 midgardsworm. The worm given to the beautiful Thora Borgarhiortr reposed 
 on gold which grew as the worm grew. It ate an ox at every meal. Ragnar 
 Lodbrok slew this enormous dragon, winning the maid for his bride, and all 
 the gold for her dowry. (Fornald, Sog., i, 237-8 ; see Grimm, T. M., 690.) 
 But the numerous examples of treasure-guarding dragons need not here be 
 cited. 
 
 73. 
 (P. 456.) With story of shoes danced to pieces cf. Grimm, No. 1 33 and 
 
NOTES. 
 
 523 
 
 note ; Gipsy -lore Journal^ iii, 81 ff. ; Rudolf von Sowa, Slovak Gipsy Stories 
 (Gottingen, 1887), No. i ; Stier, p. 51. 
 
 74- 
 (P. 457.) There is a variant of this story, under the same tide, in Cos- 
 quin's Contes popidaires de Lorraine (vol. i, pp. 133-37). King's son plunges 
 his head and his clothes into gold fountain in forbidden cli imber, and then 
 flies from his father on magic steed, which suggests the obstacles to pursuit. 
 He exchanges clothes with a beggar, covers his golden head with a bladder, 
 and becomes a scullion at the palace of another king, where he is called " le 
 Petit Teigneux". The incidents which follow are much the same as those of 
 the Arabian story. In Kolberg's Ltui. Krakowskic, iv, 52-4 is a story of a 
 young man with hair of gold, who, upon entering service, covers his head 
 with a handkerchief, wherefore he is called Farszywka (le Teigneux). The 
 story belongs to the Cinderella type. 
 
 In a modern Greek story from Epirus (Hahn, No. 6) a Jew persuades the 
 queen to poison the prince, who is put on his guard by the foal. The con- 
 tmuation of the story is similar to that given by Spitta-Bey. (The cow 
 counsels the younger brother to flee, in the Egyptian story of the " Two 
 B others".) 
 
 In the Russian tale of " Neznaiko" (Athana^'ev, vii. No. 10) the hero is 
 persecuted by his stepmother, whose attempts to kill him are frustrated by the 
 magic colt. When the colt is to be killed the hero escapes on it ; following 
 its counsel, he flays an ox and dons its hide, and covers his golden locks with 
 a bladder. King makes him useful as a scarecrow. Summoning his magic 
 steed by burning one of its hairs, he twice defeats the king's enemy. He is 
 wounded on the second occasion, and his arm is bound up with the scarf 
 belonging to the princess, whom eventually he marries. 
 
 Grimm's " The Iron Man", No. 136, and Dasent's " The Widow's Son", 
 are similar variants ; compare also Wolf, p. 276 ; Stier, No. 8 ; Naakd, p. 1 17; 
 Webster, III; Romero, Nos. 8 and 38; Gonzenbach, No. 61 ; Romamcro 
 general. No. 1264 (ed. Rivadeneyra, Madrid, 1856); Bastian, Die Vdlkcr des 
 Ocstlichen Asiens, iv (1868), p. 350; Radloff, ii, p. 607. 
 
 75. 
 (P. 457.) In this story, as in No. 30, the stepmother demands the blood or 
 heart of the hated child's pet-animal, as cure for her feigned illness ; in 
 No. 187 she craves broth made from the pigeon which she knows is her step- 
 child transformed. Similar instances in folk-tales are very numerous ; see, e.g. , 
 Asiatic Researches, xx (1836), p. 345; Cavallius, p. 142; Celtic Mag, xi\\, 
 pp. 213 ff"., "Gold Tree and Silver Tree"; Comparetti, No. 68; Cosquin, 
 No. xxi, " La Biche Blanche" ; F.-L. Journal, vi, 42 (Aino tale), "The 
 Wicked Stepmother" ; Frere, 0. D. D., No. i ; Hahn, No. 49 ; Sagas from 
 the Far East, p. 73 ; and the variants of the story (No. 337) cited in the 
 preceding note. Grimm (ii, 539 ff.) cites a story from Bornu about two faithful 
 friends, a rich man and a poor man. The rich man feigns illness, and, at his 
 instigation, the aged man who is called in to see him says the poor man's son 
 
524 NOTES. 
 
 must be killed, for only the sight of his blood can save the rich man's life. 
 The poor man fetches his child, and ungrudgingly gives him to his friend. 
 But a sheep's blood is sprinkled on the floor, and the rich man pretends to be 
 cured by the sight. The boy is kept in concealment. After a time he is 
 restored to his father, and the rich man reveals that his illness was feigned for 
 the sake of proving his friend. 
 
 In proof that a belief in the efficacy of human blood, etc., as a cure, is 
 prevalent at the present day, I quote from an article, appearing in The Times 
 of Sept. 10, 1892, entitled "Anti-foreign Literature in China; the Case of 
 
 Chou Han" "Missionaries especially were charged — and the charges 
 
 have been made frequently during the past thirty years — with bewitching 
 women and children by means of drugs, enticing them to some secret place, 
 and there killing them for the purpose of taking out their hearts and eyes. 
 Dr. MacGowan, a gentleman who has lived for many years in China, has 
 published a statement, showing that, from the point of view of Chinese 
 medicine, these accusations are far from preposterous. It is one of the medical 
 superstitions of China that various portions of the human frame, and all its 
 secretions, possess therapeutic properties. He refers to a popular volu- 
 minous Materia Medica — the. only authoritative work of the kind in the 
 Chinese language — which gives thirty-seven anthropophagous remedies of 
 native medicine. Human blood taken into the system from another is believed 
 
 to strengthen it Human muscles are supposed to be a good medicament 
 
 in consumption, and cases are constantly recorded of children who mutilate 
 themselves to administer their flesh to sick parents. Never, says Dr. MacGowan, 
 has filial piety exhibited its zeal in this manner more than at the present 
 time. ... It is very common among the comparatively lowly, but more 
 frequent among the literati. A literary graduate .... cut off a joint of one 
 of his fingers, which he made into broth mixed with medicine, and gave to his 
 mother " 
 
 It is hardly necessary to refer to the veiy widespread belief amongst savages, 
 that the courage, strength, fleetness, ferocity, and so forth of a particular 
 animal may be acquired by devouring a portion of its carcase ; or that the 
 virtues of the dead may be absorbed in a similar way. So we read, also, in the 
 "Fragment of a short Brunhild Lay" (C P. B., i, 306): "Some gave Gothorm 
 boiled wolf's flesh, some sliced serpents .... before they could persuade him 
 to lay hands on the gentle hero." {^ttz\s>o Stoiy of the Volstmgs {Q,2.m^ot 
 Sen, p. no.) The angel advised Tobias to preserve the liver, heart, and gall 
 of a fish, and explained the uses ot them {Tobit, vi, 6, 7, 8 ; xi, li). Com- 
 pare the magic properties of the liver and head of I'Oiseau Merveilleux {La 
 Tradition^ 1889, No. ii, pp. 33-40), the variants of which theme are too 
 numerous to cite. In Persia, when any member of a household is very ill, it is 
 the custom to kill a sheep, in order to avert danger from the sick person. 
 Here the slaying of the animal is of propitiatory value, for it is hoped that 
 Fate may be satisfied by the substitution of the sheep for the patient. (See 
 S.J. A. Churchill's notes on "Sacrifices in Persia", in Ind. Ant., 1891, 
 vol. XX, 148.) 
 
NOTES. 
 
 525 
 
 76. 
 (P- 459-) This story is the same as " Cinder Jack" in Magyar Folk-tales^ 
 by Jones and Kropf. The Magyar title is " Hamupipoke", and as there are 
 no genders in the Magyar language, the name may stand either for a male or a 
 female. 
 
 Cf. the Finnish story from Ilomantsi {Satuja ja Tarinoita, ii, p. 22), 
 entitled "Maan, meren kulkija laivva", which tells of a king with an only 
 daughter. Anyone wishing to marry her must build a ship that can sail over 
 land and sea. Three brothers, who are merchants, try to win her. The elder 
 fail because they reject an old man's proffered help ; the youngest, who is 
 called Tuhkamo ( Ashiepattle), secures the old man's goodwill, and is suc- 
 cessful. 
 
 Compare alsoUasent's "Princess on the Glass Hill". Stories of the princess 
 on the glass mountain (as in Nos. 329, 332), or other inaccessible height (as in 
 Nos. 319, 336, 341), recall the deliverance of Brunhild. The hall of flames of 
 the Norse saga is the glass mountain which only a particular horse (Grani) can 
 ascend, in the Danish ballad of Bryniel {Altdiinische Lieder iind Mlirchen^ 
 p. 31, and notes pp. 496, 497). For other examples of the glass mountain, 
 cf. Bechstein, Sagen, p. d'J ; Campbell, iv, 295 ; F.-L. Rec.^ iii, 225 ; F.-L. 
 /ournal, iii, 188 ; vi, 199 ; Grimm, Nos. 25 and note, 53, 93, 127; Magyar 
 Folk-Tales, p. 59; MUllenhoff, p. 386-7 ; Thorpe, p. 2>6, "Princess on the 
 Glass Mountain"; Vernaleken, pp. 50, 275 and notey 280, 289, 355 ; Zingerle, 
 p. 239. Compare the belief that the soul in its wanderings has to climb a 
 steep hill-side, sometimes supposed to be made of iron, sometimes of glass, on 
 the summit of which is the heavenly Paradise. For this reason the nails of a 
 corpse must never be pared. The Russians still carry about with them 
 parings of an owl's claws, and of their own nails (see Ralston's Sottgs of the 
 Russian People,^. 109-10). 
 
 The Lithuanians bury or burn with the dead the claws of a lynx or bear, in 
 the belief that the soul has to climb up a steep mountain (Wojcicki, Klechdy, 
 i'j I34-5)' In Vernaleken's "The Maiden on the Crystal Mountain" (from 
 Lower Austria), the hero who keeps sliding backward when he attempts to 
 climb the glass mountain, changes himself into a bear (by means of the hair 
 given him by a grateful bear), and digs steps with his paws. When the 
 splinters of glass lame him he changes himself into a wolf, and holds fast with 
 his teeth. Finally he changes himself into a raven, and flies to the top. The 
 steep hill is called Anafielas by the Lithuanians, and Szklanna gora (glass 
 mountain) by the Poles. 
 
 A glass mountain occurs in the "Younger Titurel" (Str., 6177). King 
 Arthur dwells with Morgan le fay on the glass island. A glass house in the 
 air occurs as early as Tristan (ed. Michel, ii, 103 ; cf. i, 222). There is a glass 
 forest in Gypsy-lore Journal, iii, 81. 
 
 In the folk-tales there is no distinct connection between the glass mountain 
 and the abode of the dead, except that in Grimm's No. 25, "The Ravens", 
 the little girl may be supposed to be seeking her lost brothers in the under- 
 world. There is the '^ox^tglirhiminn (coelum vitreum), a paradise to which 
 old heroes ride. (See Grimm, T. J/., p. 820, note.) 
 
526 NOTES. 
 
 HELPFUL ANIMALS. 
 
 Helpful animals occur in Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6 (bird), 11, 13, 16 (task-performing 
 birds), 21, 23 (bird), 24, 25, 26, 30, 31 (trans, mother), 34, 35, 37 (bird = 
 trans, mother), 39, 40 (dog, who exacts heroine's children in return), 42, 45, 
 46, 49 (task-performing bird), 51 (bird), 52, 54, 58 (t.-p. bird), 59, 61, 62 
 (t.-p. birds), 64 (t.-p. bird), 65, 6S, 69, 70, 71, 78 (birds), 80 (bird), 82, 83, 
 84, 85, S7 (t.-p. birds), 88, 89, 90 (fish = trans, prince), 92, 93, 99, 100 (eel), 
 102 (trans, mother), 109, no, 112 (pike), 113, 115 (^.-p. bird), 117, 118, 
 126 (t.-p. birds), 127 (trans, mother), 162, 175, 193 (snake = sister), 227, 228, 
 
 230, 232, 233, 236, 237, 239 (pike), 240, 242, 243, 244 (\-p. birds), 246, 
 247, 249 (trans, mother), 290, 301, 319, 320, 323, 331, 332, 334, 336-39. 
 
 See Mr. Lang's remarks on the " Savage Idea that Animals supernaturally 
 aid Persons they favour" {Introd. to Grimm's Household Tales, Ixxiii). 
 The Golden Ram aids Phrixus and Helle against their stepmother, Apoll. 
 Rhod., i, 256 (see Mr. Lang's Pei-raiilt, xcv). For further examples of the 
 helpful animal (distinguished from the "grateful beast") in folk-tales, cf. 
 Athanas'ev, iv, No. ii ; vii, No. 18; Am. F.-L. Journal, ii, 89 ff. ; Mad. 
 d'Aulnoy, "Chatte Blanche"; Bleek, Hottentot Fables, p. 60 ; Callaway, Zuln 
 Tales, pp. 97, 230 ; Campbell, i, loi ; ii, 265-75, No. xli ; Casalis,' Basutosy 
 p. 309; Castren, Samoyedische Mdrchen, p. 164; Crane, 29, 327, 348; 
 Dasent (3rd ed.), pp. 155, 266, 272, 291, 302, 382 ; Day, Folk-tales of Bengal, 
 "The Match-making Jackal"; Deulin, Contes de ma Mere VOye, pp. 205, 
 265, 266; F.-L. Rec, iii, 44, 185, 214; F.-L. Journal, i, 236 (Malagasy); 
 vi, 69, 163; Frere, 0. D. D., "The Brahman", "The Tiger and the Six 
 Judges"; Yxns, Lappiske Eventyr, pp. 52 ff., 6t^, 140, 170; Gonzenbach, ii, 
 243 ; Grimm, Nos. 15, 63, and notes ; and Nos. 127, 130; Gubernatis, Z. M., 
 i, 193; ii, 134, 136, 157; Hahn, Nos. 45, 65 ; Ind. Evangel. Rev., Octo- 
 ber 1886 (Santal story by Campbell); ICalewala, Runes 15, 530 ; Kletke, 
 Miirchensaal, " Gagliuso" ; Lang, Ctistom and Myth, "A Far-travelled 
 Tale"; Magyar Folk-tales, pp. i, 207, 303 ; Mallet, North. Ant., p. 436 ; 
 Maspero, p. 4, "The Two Brothers"; Naake, Slavonic Tales, p. 133; Payne, 
 1 00 1 Nights, iv, 10, " Abou Mahommed"; Pentanierone, ii, 4; Perrault, 
 "Le Maitre Chat"; Ralston, R. F. T., pp. 133, 134, 149, 167, 173, 183, 184, 
 
 231, 260, 286, 296; So?igs of the Russian People^ pp. 169, 180, 182; and 
 " Puss in Boots" in Nineteenth Cent., January 1883 ; Revue Celt., iii, p. 365 ; 
 1870, p. 373 ; Rev. des Langues Romanes, iii, 396 ; Rink, Eskimo, No. i ; 
 Riviere, Contes I^'abyles, pp. 99 ff. ; Sattija ja Tarinoita, \, 119, 138 ; ii, 36 ; 
 Schiefner, Avar Tales, " Boukoutchi Khan"; S. Af. F.-L. Journal, March 
 1880 ; Steere, Swahili Tales, "Sultan Darai"; Stokes, p. 180; Straparola, 
 xi, I ; Temple, Leg. of the Punjab, 272 ff., 354 ff.; Theal, Kaffir Folk-lore, 
 PP- 37, 53 ff-, 56, 63, 86, 169; Thorpe, pp. 64, 114, 295, 296, 353; Ver- 
 naleken, " The Dog and the Yellow Hammer"; Webster, p. 182 ; Wide- 
 Awake Stories, p. 205. 
 
 Compare the friendly crocodile, who comes to the aid of the fugitive heir in 
 the Bantu legend, and is, in consequence, held sacred for ever after. {Folk- 
 LorCy iii, 340-41.) 
 
NOTES. 
 
 527 
 
 THE FAIRY.GODMOTHER, 
 
 See Nos, 3, 55, 56, 91, 145, 185, 191. 
 
 In No. 190 the fairy had been present at the heroine's baptism, In No, 
 203 there is a godmother, not a fairy, In Nos. 271, 372, there is a sorceress, 
 godmother, 
 
 TALKING BIRDS. 
 
 "A bird of the air shall carry the voice, and that which hath wings shall 
 tell the matter," Eccles. x, 20. " What bird has brought that to your ears ?" 
 (Westphal. " wecker vaugel heft dik dat inner auren ehangen?" Slenner- 
 hinke, p. 8.) The Bohemians say, *' to learn it of the bird" (dowedeti se po 
 ptacku), or as we say, "a little bird told me." Modern Greek and Servian 
 folk-songs not unfrequently open with birds on the wing, wheeling this way 
 and that, holding a conversation. W. MUller's Samhtng.^ i, 66, 102 ; ii, 164, 
 178,200; Vuk Karajich, 3, 326. The heathens of the Teuton race equally 
 regarded birds as messengers of the gods and heralds of important tidings. 
 
 Two ravens sit on the shoulders of Odin, and whisper in his ear whatever 
 they see and hear (Grimm, T. M., 147). Apollo, too, had a raven messen- 
 ger, who informed him when Koronis was unfaithful; and Aristeas accom- 
 panied him as a raven (Herod., iv, 15). Porphyry tells us the Magians called 
 the priests of the Sun-god ravens. A raven is perched aloft on the mantle of 
 Mithras, the Sun-god. The eagle is the messenger of Jove. The Holy 
 Ghost, as a dove, descended upon Christ at His baptism (Luke, iii, 22), and 
 rested upon Him, ijxiiviv 4Tr'am6v (John, i, 32). The dove is generally con- 
 trasted w^ith the raven, which, like the wolf, the Christians applied to the 
 Evil One. In Goethe's Faust the witch asks Mephistopheles : " Wo sind denn 
 eure beiden Raben ?" But three ravens fly with St. Benedict, and St. Gregory 
 is escorted by three flying ravens (Paul. Diac, i, 26). Noah employed both 
 a raven and a dove to bribg him tidings (Gen. viii, 7). King Oswald's 
 raven flies to his shoulder and arm. He talks to it, and kneels before it (cf. 
 ingerle, Oswalt, p. 67). A dove sits on the head and shoulder of a boy at 
 Trier (Greg. Tur., 10, 29) ; one perches three times on the head of St. 
 Severus {Myst., i, 226-7), another settles on St. Gregory's shoulder (i, 104). 
 A great deal is said about doves resting on people's shoulders in the Middle 
 Ages. When Basil the Great was preaching, Ephraem saw on his right 
 shoulder a white dove, which put words of wisdom in his mouth (Gregor. 
 Nyssen. encom. Ephraemi). When Gregory the Great was expounding the 
 last vision of Ezekiel, a white dove sat upon his head, and now and then put 
 its beak in his mouth (Paul. Diac, Vita, p. 14). Augustine and Thomas 
 Aquinas are portrayed with a white dove perched on their shoulders, or 
 hovering over their heads. Doves sit on Gold-Mariken's shoulders (Miillen- 
 hoff, 403) ; and in the story of " The Three Languages" two doves settle on 
 the Pope's shoulder, and tell him in his ear all that he has to do (Grimm, 
 No. 33). Doves perch on the heroine's shoulders in Nos. 37 and 62 of this 
 collection ; and three starlings in No. 27. 
 
528 NOTES. 
 
 In a Russian story from Athanas'ev's collection (Leger, Contes pop. Slaves, 
 p. 235), a nightingale perches on the hero's shoulder and predicts tempest 
 and pirates. In a Slovenic fairy-tale somebody had a raven [vrdna) who 
 was all-knowing [vedezh), and used to tell him everything when he came 
 home (Murko, Sloven, deutsches Worth., Griitz, 1833, p. 696). A white dove 
 descends singing on the head of St. Devy, and instructs him ; and on other 
 occasions flies down to make known the will of heaven {Biihez Santez Noun., 
 Paris, 1837, p. 117). See Grimm, T. M., p. 148. The wood- pecker prophesied 
 to the Sabines in the grove by Matiena (Strabo, v, 240). In the Helgaqvi^a 
 {Saem., 140- 1), a '* wise bird" is introduced, talking and prophesying to men, 
 but insists on a temple and sacrifices before he will tell them more. But 
 more especially is the gift of prophecy conceded to the cuckoo (upon which 
 see Grimm, T. M., 675-681). An angel is sent in the shape of a bird (see 
 Gudrun and Sv. Vis., i, 232-4-5). 
 
 A crow brings ill-news to Athena as she is fetching a mountain from Pallene 
 to fortify the Acropolis, causing her to drop her burden, which remains 
 as Mt. Lykabeltos {Antigoni Carystii hist.mirab ,q.2,-^, 12, Lips., 1791, p. 22). 
 A jay-bird is the Devil's messenger {^Am. Folk-lo7'e Jo^irnal, ii, 299-300 ; see 
 also ib., p. 187, where a woodpecker reports a crime he has witnessed). A 
 crow sings from the tree to Jarl's son, the grandson of Heimdal, Kon, urging 
 him to mount his steed and fight against men ; and the crow seeks to awaken 
 his ambition or jealousy (see Rydberg, Tettt. Myth., p. 94). 
 
 Birds betray the false bride in the Zulu tale (Callaway, p. 121), as in No?. 
 4 (raven), 7 (cock), 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 (doves), 25, 26, 30, 31, 33, 35, 37, 
 38 (crow), 39, 42, 46, 47, 54, 57, 59, 61 (magpie), 62, 63, 65, 70, ^l. 77, 78, 
 79, 81, 83, 85, 86, 88, 93, 94, 99, 100 (parrot), 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 
 123, 127, 128, 151, 243, 249, 263, 290 (cuckoo). (The role of witness is filled 
 by a dog in Nos. 21, 49, 71, 125, 245, 301, and by a cat in Nos. 229, 237, 
 239, 240). The talking-birds play other parts in Nos. 17, 23, 28, 51, 60, 68, 
 126, 312, 313, 316, 317, 318. 
 
 For other instances of talking-birds, cf. Atn. Folk-lore Journal, i, 204 ; v, 
 126; Arabian Nights, "The Merchant, his Wife, and his Parrot" (also in 
 Seven Wise Masters) ; Aich. Rev., March 1889, p. 26 ; Arnason, 430, 485 ; 
 Asiatic Researches, yo\. x, " Vasavadatta" ; Bleek, Hottentot Fables, p. 65 ; 
 Busk, /^.-Z. ^., p. II, " Filagranata" ; Caballero, ii, 42 ; Calcutta Rev., 1884, 
 * Legends of Raja Rasalu" (see also Temple, Legends of the Punjab) ; 
 Callaway, Zulu Folk-tales, pp. 53, 66, 72, 100, 106, 121, 130, 134, 135, 219, 
 362, 363 ; Campbell, i, 25, 219 ; ii, 288, 361 ; Casalis, Basutos, p. 339 ; 
 Chambers, p. 66; Chaucer, "Manciple's Tale", and "Squire's Tale"; 
 Comparetti, No. 2, " II Pappagallo" ; Corpus Poet. Boreale, i, 39, 131, 144, 
 157, 242, 255, 259, 306, 307, 359, 570; Cosquin, i, 186; Cox, Tales of 
 Thebes atid Argos, p. 175; Crane, //. Pop. Tales, pp. 17, 43, 75, 167-83, 
 200, 327, 341 ; Dasent, Norse Tales (3rd ed.), 59, 113, 289, 357, 371 ; Day, 
 Lai Behari, Folk-tales of Bengal, No. 8; Dunlop, Hist, of Fiction, \, 0^2.%-, 
 Fleury, Litt. orale de la Basse Normandie, p. 123; Folk-lore Record, ii, 
 107-9, 192, ; iii, 183, 240, 245 ; Folk-lore Journal, i, 139; ii, 72, 241 ; iii, 
 291, 292; vi, 21, 31, 137-8, 194; Frere, O. D. D., pp. 14, 74,80, 105; 
 
NOTES. 529 
 
 Gesta Romaiiorum, ch. 68; Grey, Poly7t. Myth., pp. 57, 187; Grimm, 
 Household Tales, Nos. 6, 17, 21, 25, 40, 47, 107, 191, etc. ; Children's 
 legends. No. 6 ; Gubernatis, Z. M., ii, 174, 322 ; Ho7isehoId Stories from the 
 land of Hofer, p. 278 ; Ind. Ant., vol. iiJ, "The Minister and the Fool" ; 
 Vuk Karajich, No. 32; Katha-Sarit-Sagara ; Leger, Contes pop. Slaves, 
 No. 15, p. 235 ; Longfellow, Hiawatha, passim ; Ij\xz€\, Legendes ChrHiennes 
 de la Basse Bretagne, i, 307 ; Mabinogi of Branwen (see F.-L. Rec.,\, 5) ; 
 Mabinogion (Guest's), p. 376 ; Magyar Folk-tales, pp. 322, 323, 421 ; Maha- 
 hharata, " Nala and Damayanti" ; Milusine, vol. i, col. 374, 384, May 
 1887, " Le Chaperon Rouge" ; Ortoli, p. 81 ; Pentamerone ; Pitre, Fiabe nov. 
 cracc. pop. Sic., vol. i, No. 21, p. 191 ; Ralston, Bnssian Folk-tales, pp. 66, 
 131 ; Revne Celtiqtie, iii, 365 ; Riviere, Contes pop. Kahylis, pp. 36, 53, 126, 
 188, 191, 211, 224, 243 ; Sagas from the Far East, pp. 90, 159, 162, 213, 
 2f5> 310 ; Satiija ja Tarinoita, ii, p. 2 ; Schneller, Nos. 26, 31, 32 ; The 
 Seven Sages (Wright's ed.), p. 106 ; South African F.-L. Journal, I, iv, 
 74-9; I, vi, 138-45 ; Stokes, pp. 5, 149 ff. ; Theal, Kaffir F.-L., pp. 29 ft., 
 63-6, 125. 141, 148 fir. ; Thorpe, Yule-Tide Stories, pp. 35, 42,64, 102, 125, 
 203, 220, 341, 451; North. Myth., vol. i, p. 97; La Tradition, ii, 1889, 
 33-40; Tiiti Niima ("Tales of a Par.ot"); Tylor, Early Hist., p. 347; 
 Vernaleken, pp. 191, 207, 359 ; Visentini, Fiabe Majitovane, No. 23, p. 121 ; 
 Webster, pp. 136-76 ; Weil, Biblical Legends of the Mussulmans, pp. 24, 38, 
 40, 42, 44, 45, 104, 152 ; Wide- Awake Stories, pp. 74 5, 139, 176, 205. 
 And see note 32. 
 
 It may save other Students trouble to give the following list 
 of books which have been found to contain no Cinderella 
 variants : — 
 
 H. N. Allen, M.D., Korean Tales. N. Y. and London, 1889. 
 
 Alpenburg. See Mahlschedl. 
 
 II. Apel, Mdrchen und Sagen. 1838. 
 
 Fi'iLlx ArnaUdin, Contes pop. recueillls dans la Grande-Lande, le Bom, 
 les Petites-Landes et le Marensin. Pari?, Bordeaux, 1887. 
 
 Dr. B. Arnold, Griechische Sagen und Mdrchen. Gottingen, 1883. 
 
 Renk Basset, Contes Arabes : Histoire des dix vizirs (Bakhtiar-Nameh). 
 Paris, 1883. 
 
 Contes poptdaires Berberes. Paris, 1887. 
 
 Reinhold Bechstein, Altdeutsche Mdrchen, Sagen und Legenden. Lelpz'g, 
 1863. 
 
 LuDWiG Bechstein, Die Volkssagen, Mdhrchen und Legenden des Kaiser- 
 s'.aates Oesterreich. Leipzig, 1841. 
 
 Theodor Benfey, Pantschatantra. Ltipz"g, 1859 (pp. 218, etc. : con- 
 cerning grateful beasts in Indian and European tales). 
 
 Dr. A. Birlinger und Dr. M. R. Buck, Sagen, Mdrchen, Volksaberglauben, 
 Freiburg imBreisgau, 186 r. 
 
 M M 
 
530 NOTES. 
 
 Anton BirlingeR, Nimm mich mit! Freiburg im Breisgau, 1871. 
 
 M. Jean Francois Bladk, Contes et Proverbes populaires rectteillis en 
 
 Armagnac. Paris, 1867. 
 Henry Carnoy, Litterattire ovale de la Picardie. Paris, 1883. 
 
 Contes Francais. Paris, 1885. 
 
 VAlgerie traditionnelle. 1884, etc. 
 
 Ci^NAC-MoNCAUT, Coiites populaires de la Gascogne. Paris, 1861. 
 
 Litta-aiure populaire de la Gascogne. Paris, 1868. 
 
 A. Certeux et E. Carnoy, V Algerie traditionelle. Paris, 1884. 
 
 J. Chapelot, Contes Balzatois, 3rd ed. Paris, 1881. 
 
 Alexandre Chodzko, Contes des Pay sans et des Pat res Slaves. Paris, 1864. 
 
 La Renaissance Litteraire. Contes populaires Tcheques. 1867. 
 
 L. Curtze, Volksuberlieferungen atis dem Furstenthujn Waldeck. Arolsen, 
 
 i860. 
 Lal Behari Day. Folk-tales of Bengal. 
 Abel des Michels, Quelques contes populaires amiamites^ traduits pour la 
 
 premiere fois. Paris, 1886. 
 
 Chrestomathie Cochinchinoise. Paris, 1872. 
 
 Anton Dietrich, Russische Volksmdrchen. Leipzig, 1831. 
 
 Engelien. See Lahn. 
 
 August Ey, Harzmdrchenbuch, oder Sagen und Mdrchen aus dem Oberharze. 
 
 Stade, 1862. 
 Leon Feer, Contes Indiens. Les Trentes-Deux Recits du Trone (Batris- 
 
 Sinhasan). Paris, 1883. 
 BkRANGER-Fkraud, Contes popidaires de la Senegambie, Paris, 1885. 
 Jean Fleury, Litterattire orale de la Basse- Normaiidie (Hague et Val-de- 
 
 Saire). Paris, 1883. 
 Friis, Lappiske Eventyr. 
 Georg von Gaal, Mdrchen der Magyaren. Wien, 1822. 
 
 Sageti tind Novellen ans dem Magyarischen iibersetzt. Wien, 1834. 
 
 Hugo Gering, Lslendzk ^ventyri, Islandische Legenden, Novellen und 
 
 Marchen. Halle, 1882. 
 A. J. Glinski, Bajarz Polski. Wilno, 1853. 
 Wilhelm Goldschmidt, Russsische Mdrchen. Leipzig, 1883. 
 Friedrich Gottschalck, Die Sagen nnd Volksmdrchen der Deuischen. 
 
 Halle, 1814 (ist vol. only; no marchen). 
 Josef Haltrich, Deutsche Volks7ndrchen aus dem Sachsenlande, 3rd ed. 
 
 Wien, 1882. 
 L. Haupt und J. E. SchmAler, Volkslieder der Wenden in der Ober- und 
 
 Nieder-Latisitz (Marchen und Legenden). Grimm a, 1841. 
 Jahrbiich fiir Ro7natiische und Englische Litteratiir. Vol. vii, 1866. "Volks- 
 
 marchen aus Venetien." Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Georg 
 
 Widter und Adam Wolf. Vol. viii, 1867. " Italienische Volksmarchen," 
 
 von Reinhold Kohler. 
 Harry Jannsen, Mdrchen und Sagen des Estnischen Volkes. Leipzig, 1888. 
 KiNGSCOTE, Mrs. Howard, and Pandit Nati^sa SAstrI, Tales of the Stm, 
 
 or Folk-lore of Southern India. London, 1890. 
 
NOTES. 531 
 
 Otto Knoop, Volkssagen, Erz'dhlungen \imd Mdrchen aits dein Oestlichen 
 Hwterpommern. Posen, 1885. 
 
 Knowles, Folk-tales of Kashmir. 1888. 
 
 Mite Kremnitz, Roumanian Fairy Tales. New York, 1885. 
 
 Kiimanische Mdrchen. Leipzig, 1882. 
 
 Friedrich Kreutzwald, Ehstnische Mdrchen. Translated by F. Lowe. 
 Halle, 1869. 
 
 A. KuHN, Mdrkische Sagen und Mdrchen. Berlin, 1843. 
 
 Sagen, Gebrduche tind Mdrchen aiis Westfalen. Leipzig, 1859. 
 
 KuHN und Schwartz, Nord-dmtsche Sagen^ Mdrchen tmd Gebrduche. 
 Leipzig, 184S. 
 
 A. Engelien und W. Lahn, Der Volksmund in der Mark Brandenburg. 
 Berlin, 1868. 
 
 Caliste de L angle, Le Grillon, Legendes bretonnes. Paris. St. Peters- 
 burg, i860. 
 
 L. Langles, Fables ct Coxites Indiens. Paris, 1790, 
 
 Louis Leger, Contes populaires Slaves, Paris, 1882. 
 
 F. Lowe. See Kreutzwald. 
 
 Alois Ldtolf, Sagen, Brduche, Legenden aus denfiinf Orten, Lucern, Uri, 
 
 Schwiz, Unterwalden und Zng. Lucern, 1862. 
 Mahlschedl (Johann Nepomuk) Ritter von Alpenburg, Deutsche 
 
 Alpensagen. Wien, 1861. 
 Johann Graf MailAth, Magyarische Sagen, Mdrchen tmd Erzdhlungen, 
 
 Stuttgart und Tubingen, 1837. 
 J. J. Marcel, Contes du Cheykh-El-Mohdy, traduits de I'Arabe d'aprcs le 
 
 manuscrit original. Paris, 1832. 
 
 G. Maspero, Contes populaires de V Egypte Ancienne. Paris, 1882. 
 Oscar Miciion, Contes et Legendes dn Pays de France. Paris, 1886. 
 J. Milenowsky, Volksnidrchen aus Bohmen. Breslau, 1853. 
 
 M. p. Milne-Home, Mamma's Black Nurse Stories. W. Indian Folk-lore. 
 
 1890. 
 J. C. POESTION, Lappldndische Mdrchen. Wien, 1886. 
 Stanislao Prato, Quattro Novelline popolari Livornesi. Spoleto, 1880. 
 Dr. W. Radloff, Proben der Volkslitteratur der Tilrkischen Stdmme Slid- 
 
 Sibiriens, 5 pts. Petersburg, 1870-85. 
 IsABELO DE LOS Reyes y Florentino, El Folk-lore Filipino. Manila, 1889. 
 Ed, Jewitt Robinson, Tales and Poems of South India. London, 1885. 
 Romania. Vol. iv, 1875, pp. 194-252: "Chants et Contes populaires de la 
 
 Grujere," by J. Cornu. Vol. xii, 1883, pp. 566-84 : " Contes de la 
 
 Bigorre," by Dr. Dejeanne. 
 L. F. Sauvi^^ Le Folk-lore des Hautes-Vosges. Paris, 1889. 
 Georg Schambach und Wilhelm MUller, Niedersdchsische Sagen und 
 
 Mdrchen. Gottingen, 1855. 
 Schiefner, Tibetan Tales, translated by Ralston. 1882. 
 Bernhardt Schmidt, Griechische Mdrchen, Sagenund Volkslieder. Leipzig, 
 
 1877. 
 
532 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Paul Sebillot, Contes des Provinces de France. Paris, 1884. 
 
 Karl Seifart, Sagen, Mdrchen, Schwdnke und Gebrduche aus Stadt und 
 
 Stift Hildesheiin. Gottingen, 1854. 
 Charles Sellers, Tales from the Lands of Nuts and Grapes (Spanish and 
 
 Portuguese Folk-lore). London, 1888. 
 Emil Sommer, Sagen, Mdrchen und Gebrduche ans Sachsen und Thur- 
 
 ingen. Halle, 1846. 
 Emile Souvestre, Les Dcrniers Bretons. Paris, 1854. 
 August Stober, Elsdssisches Volksbiichlein. Strasburg, 1842. 
 L. Strackerjan, Aberglaube und Sagcn aus dent Herzogthuui Oldenburg. 
 
 Oldenburg, 1867. 
 Mark Thornhill, Indian Fairy Tales. London, n. d. 
 Edm. Veckenstedt, Wendische Sagen, Mdrchen tmd Abergldubische 
 
 Gebrduche. Graz, 1880. 
 llJiAY.^ Ni^'S.O'^^ Le Folklore du Pays Basque. Paris, 1883. 
 Joseph Wenzig, Westslawische Mdrchenschatz. Leipzig, 1857. 
 Dr. Heinrich Wlislocki, Mdrchen tmd Sagen der Trans-silvdnischcn 
 
 Zigeuner. Berlin, 1886. 
 ■ Vier Mdrchen der Trans-silvdnischen Zeltzigeuner, Budapest, 
 
 1886. 
 W. Wolf, Deutsche Hausmdrchcn. Gottingen. Leipzig, 185 1. 
 
 Deutsche Mdrchen und Sagen. Leipzig, 1845. 
 
 W. B. Yeats, Fairy and Folk-tales of the Irish Peasantry , edited and selected 
 
 by. London, 1888. 
 Ignaz V. Zingerle, Sagen^ Mdrchen und Gebrduche aus Tyrol. Innsbriick, 
 
 1859. 
 
 CINDERELLA IN FINLAND. 
 
 Mr. Kaarle Krohn has obligingly supplied the following particulars in 
 response to enquiries concerning the Finnish name of the heroine (called 
 indiscriminately by the translator *' Cendrillon") in the variants which he has 
 contributed : — 
 
 Cinderella is called in Finnish ''Tuhkiinus'\ or ^''Tuhkatytdr''^; Tuhka, pi. 
 tuhki^ signifying ashes, cinder?, and vius being a personal ending, common to 
 both genders. Thus the stupid third son also is called Tuhki?nus. Tytdr 
 signifies daughter. In No. 105, on page 386, the name Cinderella is incorrect; 
 the heroine should be called " Sikuri, sakari''\ Sikuri meaning swineherd, and 
 sakari being a variation. .Sakari signifies the little finger (cf. No. 109). la 
 No. 106, p. 387, the Finnish name for the heroine is ''Poropiika'", from poro^ 
 ashes, and piika, a girl, a servant-girl. In No 107, p. 388, the translator has 
 incorrectly rendered the original by " Finette". The Finnish title is ''Tiina'* 
 ^ Kristicna^ i.e.^ Christine. 
 
NOTES. 533 
 
 ADDITIONAL VARIANTS. 
 
 After the foregoing sheets were in the press, Mr. Feilberg discovered three 
 more Cinderella variants in Aberg's Nyliindska Folksagor, from which collec- 
 tion he had already sent me two stories. These three variants present no new 
 features of special interest, but their contents may here be briefly summarised. 
 Op. cit., p. 15, No. 19, "Karin Trcetjola" (Katie Wooden-Cloak). This 
 story very closely resembles the Norse story under the same title, translated 
 by Dasent (see No. 30, on p. 204). Ox suggests to princess, "If you are 
 minded as I am, we will escape together." She mounts the ox and rides 
 through the copper, silver, and gold forests. Then the ox is flayed [pre- 
 sumably for the same purpose as in the Norse tale]. Princess finds a wooden 
 cloak behind the pigstye, dons it, and takes service as scullery-maid. She 
 fetches water for the prince, who throws it in her face. When prince picks 
 up the handkerchief she has dropped, she will not take it ; he keeps it. She 
 says she comes from Water-land. She fetches a towel ; prince throws it at 
 her. She drops her glove ; comes from Towel-land. She fetches a comb, 
 which the prince throws at her. Says she comes from Comb-land, and loses 
 her shoe on the floor besmeared with tar. Prince will wed whomsoever the 
 shoe fits. A bird sings. The shoe fits Karin, who instantly stands before 
 prince in her glistening gold dres?. Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid., p. 20, No. 21, " Om skona Klara" {[a story] of beautiful Clara). 
 Stepmother goes to church with her daughters, leaving heroine to cook the 
 dinner. The grits for the dinner are scattered on the floor ; heroine must 
 carry water in a sieve ; she must recover potatoes from the well, into which 
 they have been thrown. An old man appears and offers to prepare the 
 dinner while she goes to a large stone and strikes it with a bridle, whereupon 
 a horse and beautiful clothes appear. She goes to church, where a count falls 
 in love with her. Her hoi^se is so swift that none can overtake her. On the 
 third Sunday the count tries to catch her as she is about to mount ; but he only 
 gets hold of her shoe. Search is made for the owner of the shoe ; Clara is 
 hidden under a washing-tub. A bird sing?, "The shoe is ful of blood ; 
 Clara, whom it fits, is under the tub." The count returns and discovers 
 Clara. The old man appears, and bids her once more strike the stone. She 
 does so, and gets lots of money and dresses. Happy marriage. 
 
 Ibid., p. 21, No. 22, "Den lilla Gullskovn" (The Little Golden Shoe). 
 This story opens like the preceding. Grits are thrown upon the floor; 
 pease on the dunghill ; potatoes into the well. Heroine stands crying ; old 
 man comforts her, promises to prepare the dinner, gives her dress and horse, 
 and sends her to church. Each time, on leaving, she mounts from a stone 
 outside the church. On the third occasion this stone is smeared with tar, 
 and she loses her shoe. A young man secures it, and will wed whomsoever 
 it fits. Stepsister cuts a bit off her foot and puts on the shoe. The old man 
 meets the betrothed pair on the road, and says : " She is a false bride : look 
 for the right one l" The young man returns and finds the heroine. 
 
534 NOTES. 
 
 Mr. Nutt communicates a story, but unfortunately too late for it to be 
 included amongst the other variants. It is of extreme interest, showing (i) 
 the animal parentage of the heroine in most uncompromising form, and (2) 
 the blood-relationship of the heroine and hero. I have therefore tabulated it 
 fully. This story, literally translated from the Gaelic, was collected by 
 Mr. Kenneth MacLeod in Inverness-shire shortly before 1886 : — 
 
 King has a young daughter by a sheep, and also a wife and children. Wife 
 sees king going to house of sheep, of whom she is very jealous, and sends one 
 of her own daughters to see what he does there. King does not notice girl, 
 but sheep sees her, and puts her to sleep with rhyme : 
 
 *' Shut one eye. 
 Shut two eyes, 
 Shut your eyes 
 In deep sleep." 
 
 "When girl awakes the king has left, and she tells mother that she did not see 
 that the sheep, the poor creature, got anything from the king. Next day 
 queen sees king going to sheep's house, and sends a daughter after him. 
 Sheep notices the girl, and puts her to sleep with same rhyme. Girl ha> seen 
 nothing. The third day, when a girl is sent to spy, sheep begins to sing : 
 
 " Shut one eye, 
 Shut one eye, 
 Shut your eye. 
 In deep sleep," 
 
 forgetting to charm both eyes, and the girl sees the king giving the sheep 
 many good things, and reports to mother. When king returns, his wife says 
 that the sheep must be killed; it is vain for king to ask whether any other 
 sheep will not do as well. Knowing she is to be slain, sheep calls her daughter 
 and bids her preserve all her bones ; even should a dog eat one, she must put 
 her hand down dog's throat to recover it ; then she must bury them at a 
 certain spot, and after five years-^ sheep will revive as a beautiful princess. 
 Daughter does as bidden ; she dwells by herself in sheep's house. Five years 
 afterwards king's son and heir returns, and there is to be a three days' feast. 
 Sheep's daughter asks king's children about it ; but they only beat her. On 
 the night of the feast sheep comes to life as a beautiful princess. She dresses 
 her daughter in splendid clothes of silk and gold, and sends her to the feast, 
 bidding her return at a certain hour, for then her finery will fall off. There is 
 no one present as beautiful as sheep's daughter ; king's son cannot leave her 
 side the whole night, and when she suddenly disappears, none can tell whether 
 the heavens or the earth have swallowed her. The second night the princess 
 clothes her still more beautifully, so that there is none at the ball like her. 
 She vanishes from the prince's side as before. The third night she is still 
 more finely clad, so that there could be none at the ball like her. Prince 
 
 ^ Mr. McLeod forgets time. A year and a day ? 
 
NOTES. 
 
 535 
 
 determines not to lose sight of her, but when the hour arrives she disappears, 
 leaving behind her in her hurry one of her golden slippers. Prince keeps it, 
 and proclaims throughout the country that he will wed whomsoever the slipper 
 will fit. Every woman in the land comes to try, but only one can wear it, 
 and she has had her big toe cut off. One day a pet bird of the prince's begins 
 to sing, and twice repeats ; 
 
 ** There is a bonny girl 
 In that town o'er," 
 
 They send over for that bonny girl, and the slipper fits her exactly. So the 
 king's son marries the sheep's daughter, and they live happy ever after. 
 
 Mr. Nutt sends me the following particulars of two Irish stories, to which he 
 attaches some importance in connection with the present study. They are 
 found in Mr. O'Grady's recently published Silva Gaedelica. 
 
 The first {op. cit,, vol. ii, p. 368) is of Eochaidh Mughmedoin's sons. 
 Eochaidh was king of Ireland in the fourth century, and had four sons by his 
 queen, Mongfhionn (the Long-fair-haired One), and one, Niall, by a captive 
 Saxon princess, Cairenn. Before the birth of Niall his mother was kept in a 
 position of great hardship by the queen, who made her draw well-water for 
 all the household. Niall was born in the dog-kennel, but became ultimately 
 the chief of his brethren. He is later on the hero of a transformed-hag story. 
 
 This story is from the Book of Ballymote, a 14th century MS., but it was 
 probably redacted in the early nth century, as it refers in contemporary wise 
 to a personage of the late loth century. 
 
 The second story {op. cit., ii, 428) is about Raghallach, the seventh century 
 king of Connaught, of whom it was foretold that he should be slain by his own 
 offspring. Accordingly, when his queen bears a child, she gives it to a swine- 
 herd to kill, but he takes pity on the child, and puts her with a recluse. She 
 grows up to be the fairest maid in Ireland. Raghallach, hearing tell of her, 
 and not knowing her to be his own daughter, seeks her to wife. Mairenn (the 
 queen) runs away ; the saints of Ireland fast upon Raghallach (an archaic touch ; 
 *• fasting upon" was, in Aryan Ireland, as in Ar)'an India, the recognised legal 
 method of bringing an offender to book) and he is killed by churls in a chance 
 brawl {i.e., the most disgraceful form of death for an Irish king) whilst stag- 
 hunting. 
 
 The MS. in which this story is found is of the 15th century, and the story is 
 imbedded in annals which cannot be earlier than the end of the ninth century. 
 It probably belongs to the nth or 12th century. 
 
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