Ht&. OF CALTF , I, OS AHGfflfc 
 
 <&C 
 
 -*V
 
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 COMPREHENDING 
 
 GENERAL HEADS 
 
 O F 
 
 QUALIFICATIONS, 
 
 REQUISITE FOR 
 
 THOSE WHO WISH TO MARRY WELL, 
 
 ASD 
 
 LIVE HAPPY; 
 
 COMPILED AND TRANSLATED FROM 
 DIFFERENT AUTHORS. 
 
 By C.ZSAR MUSSOLIXL, 
 Professor of the Italiau Language, in London. 
 
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 ention. 
 
 Often elated in dedicating my time to 
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 And obedient fervarft,
 
 LIST OF PERSONS 
 
 MENTIONED FN THIS 
 
 WORK, 
 
 ADRIANUS, Alexander, Arigus, Augustus, Abraham, Armodius, 
 Attilia, Agamennon, Aristogeton, Augiistinus/ Albion, Artaxerxes, 
 Aristotiles, Alighieri, Aristhomenes, Alcibiades, Apulejus. Argus 
 Astiages, Aurelianus, Argyll, Ancaster, Abington, St. Albans, 
 Anger, Aylmer, Ancram, AUham, Aristheus, Archiduke. Basha of 
 three Tails, Bolton, Belgioso, Bateman, Brie, Barrymore, Blaquiere, 
 Bruce, Barlow, Biggs, Bromel, Brereton, Bafdini, Biaggio, Brutus, 
 Beauclerk, Bird, Bisset, Bowes, Byron, Broughton. Charles, Car- 
 marthen, Coleraine, Cobourg, Cumberland, Cholmondeley, Clan.- 
 brassil, Ciark, Caledonian', Conway, Cecil Bishop, Crawford, Corbet, 
 Coleman, Caswell Thimoty, Castor, Cleomene.s, Chaumette, Cato, 
 ensorinus, Clodius, Cornelins Cassandrus, Cochon. Duberiy, Died*-, 
 Delaval, Devonshire, Derby, Dillon, Daincr, Dolabella, Dibdin, Di- 
 nnihius, Demagctes, Dante, Drove, David, Dejotarus, Dictator to 
 Thomas Paine, Draper, Day. Euristhenes, Epicurus, Egistus, Eneas, 
 Editors, of the Times, Observer, Monitor, World, and other Morning 
 fruits, Eolus. Falmouth, Fox, Fawkner, Filomencs, Fidune, Foote, 
 Franco, French Executioner. General of the Carmagnols, Gaton, 
 Hood, Haslang, Harrjngton, Holland, Hugh Kelly, Heyes, Hobart. 
 
 Jlaie, Hercules, Hypperius, Hypparchus, Hoare, Hook, Homer, 
 Jeylock, Ilorodes, Jlortensius, Howard, Hyppo, Hcrenianus, Hyde, 
 Hertford, Hart, Hcbert. Inillossum. Louis XV. and XVI. Louis 
 Charles Oapet, Littleton, Livius, Liddle, Lancaster, Lucomenes, 
 
 Lrpidus, Lord B . Manchester, M . Molineux, Melbourne, 
 
 Mills, Morgan, Mcndez, Montague, Moore, Marcus Pompilius, 
 Mcnclaus, Monaba/zus, Macchiavelli, Murray, Menestnro, Megisjcn, 
 Massiminus, Mucapore, Mansfield, Mcgapentes, Marat. Northum- 
 berland, Norris, Numa Pompilius, Nicostratus, Nero, Nimis. Ochu-, 
 Ossery, Omaj'le, Orleans. President of the Revolutionary Tribunal, 
 Pahnerstone, l ; <*erl>oronIi, Pigot, Petrie, Paris, Procolus, Pollux 
 Paine, Plutnrcus Plautianus, Parkins, Penfold, Padigila, Petrarch 
 Prescot, Passienus, Peter of Colotbnia, Pigmalion, Paolino, Pericles 
 
 Paul, Prince of r-. Ouccnsbury. Rasec, Richmond, Russell 
 
 Robinson, Rossillon, Rekl^w, Ramus, Rosignani, Ricco Crassus 
 Spry, Smith, Storer, Sheldon, Saver, Stanley, Sykes, Scaven, Scr,it- 
 ton, Socrates, Sicheus, Stone, Snuisun, Sorbiere, Scipio, Samville, 
 Sandwich, Thurlow, Theseus, Turnus, Ptolemy, Tnrquini'.is, Titus 
 Viniiis, Timolaiw, Theofraslus, Toplia'm, Renuclerk, Tiraqiuilo, 
 Thuriot, V;;ug';.in, \';;rroi> Winciicisea, Wyndliam, Warren, 
 Vj.'kts \Vo;-s,'cy, \Vh:tc ll;i!!cy, Vv'cbstcr, York, Zariadrus.
 
 Names of Women. 
 
 Aspasia, Ada, Arsinoe, Antiopa, Agala, Ann Ei.Hen, 
 Ahergavenny, Amalasunta, Agrippina, Attide, Aretirej, 
 Austin, Aiming, Agiaida, Anstoreta, Athosia; Altham. 
 Hell, Bell, Berenice, Belestica, Bird, Burney, Barbatiid, 
 Baddeley, Bersheba, Beck, Beatrice, Belmore, Brooke, 
 Bolingbroke, Burt, Blake, Boadicea, Briscida, Bachide, 
 Bromel, Brigida, Bab Bladon, Bo\ven, Buriell. Cleof'a, 
 C'eionia, Cornelia, Cade, Craven, Cybele, Chichely 
 Harris, Crispinn, Catharine Queen of England, Catharine 
 Empress of Russia, Cainbra, Camisia, Cleopatra, Cenea, 
 Costa, Corcira, Corcle, Combea Calcidia, Cooke, Ciniscaj 
 Carniichael, Cuthbert, Cowley, Campbell. Dalila, Dil 
 ctima, Degan, D'Eon, Dobson, Dirce, Danae, Duberly^ 
 Darner, Dido. Eugenia, Elizabeth, Essex, Euridice,' 
 Eubea, E!ettra, Eleusina, Epicare, Egialese, Egeria. 
 Faustina, Filota, Flandra, Farren, Foschetti. Gunning,,' 
 Gunning, Glaphira, Gwynne. Gooch, Gardner, Grafton- 
 Gi"0sv-i!or, Green. Goigiona, Genlis. Hawkins, Higia 
 Hart, Hodges, Helena. Hickman, Hurst, Howard, Hip. 
 po'hmiia, Horneck, Harvey. lo, Io!e, Jside, Inchbaid 
 Jieland. Kirkely, Knowh-s. Lavinia, Livia, Lucilla, 
 Laodirea, Lanceiottf, Lucretia, Laura, Leontia, Lenox. 
 Messaliiia, Mnrgherita, Masters, Margravine of Anspach, 
 Manilla, Manna, Mestrin.i, Mahon, Martia, Maria An- 
 tonietta, Maria Theresa, MirinayMorson, Morgan, Motte, 
 M^elissa, Mec, Medea, Micenn, Mendozza, Messina, 
 Morj, Met^, Maiiiluioii) Micca, Matiotti. Nicostrat.i, 
 Nausica, Nugarola. Newton. C^mphale, Olirnpia, Odata. 
 Parslow, Pallena, Firenr., Parthenope, Pixel, Portia, 
 Parson, Piozzi, Prescot, Prcscot, Parkins, Percy, Pom- 
 pea, Polissena, PJangona, Penelope, Pompadour. J^o- 
 buisoT, Rosaura. Smith, Semiiamy, Siciliana Laida, 
 S-teele, Sykes, Sabina, Stratonica, Spilsbury, Stewart, 
 ^crres, Sfrre^, Stephanoff, Spencer, Strathmoro, Siiieiy 
 Hiulard, Singleton, Sparta, Stevenson, Santipe. Thurs- 
 bv, Trot':, Turner, Tomiry, Tannsia, Theodora, The- 
 orfosia, Var.ghan, l'\i;igban, Vardon, Vallate, Vittorin, 
 Valentinois. Woolstonecraft, Williams, Worsley, \\'e!J>. 
 ^enohij, Z;:oa. Hoval Family of Austria, Royal Fanviy 
 nf Great Britain. Babilonians, Italians, Xumidians, 
 Spaniards, Lacedemonians, I)ani-,h, Porugucse, Polish, 
 I atinr, S'.visr, Barbarians, Dspsolibians, Swedes, Pope, 
 'Roman and French Clergy, Britannic Council, Assembly 
 of the French Hevolution, Jannissers, Jesuits, Nasamones, 
 ("ientlemen without Breeches, Jacobins. Women of Va- 
 lericienne, Sarrmir, Sparta, India, Thessaly, Lemnos, 
 Napfc*, "Rome, Venk, Mantua, Athens ; Dulcimcna of 
 L siiire, Concubines, Roman Female Slaves.
 
 FRIENDLY ADVICE, &c. 
 
 THE Supreme Being, who inftituted Matri- 
 mony, Ib ufeful to the human race, is intitled 
 to every one's praife. The Ring and Faith is the 
 true union of two married people, who may be 
 compared to the bar of a door which is divided 
 into two parts ; for if one of them is deficient,, 
 the other becomes ufelefs, and the door is pufhed 
 back v/ards and forwards ; but if the two parts 
 are united, the door refills all motion : fo two 
 married people acting mutually, may refift cveiy 
 thing, and help one another, like a lhark and his. 
 pilot (water animals), who could not live fepa- 
 rate, though one is different in fpecies from the 
 other, yet they live together very friendly, help- 
 ing one another. When thefe animals want to 
 feed, the {hark opens his mouth waiting for fmall 
 filh, and as foon as they are near him, the pilot 
 gives the fignal by a foft pinch, upon which the 
 ihark fnuts his mouth, retaining the fifli in it, 
 then they feed upon their prey. 
 
 The \\ifh of perpetuating to pofterity, to which 
 Matrimony contributes, is very natural. What 
 become of the human race if it were not
 
 for Marriage ? in a fhort time the world would 
 be at an end, and the arts could not be 
 xercifed. Batchelors in Lacedemonia were for- 
 merly fo hated by women, that at the time of 
 their greateft feafts in the churches, they buffeted 
 the batchelors in the prefence of married people, 
 on purpofe that thofe who were infulted Ihould 
 marry. 
 
 If we obferve the animals, we (hall fee that their 
 union is very ufeful and necelFary to the human 
 race. They teach us to pafs our time quietly 
 together,, as we may fee by the fwallows, who 
 live happily together building nefts, and with 
 great care feeding their little ones. The fheep 
 and goatfc in the fields, and the doves on the trees, 
 make advances to the males ; and not only thefe 
 tame animals, but alfo ferocious beafts and veno- 
 mous infects, banifh all their fiercenefs and venom, 
 feeking the company of the other fex, on pur- 
 pofe to declare their kindnefs and fatisfy their 
 amorous wifhes. Nature has not only taught ani- 
 mals the ufe of males and females, but alfo all 
 created thhfgs, as the plants, which give us clear 
 marks of amorous union. Every body knows if 
 the palm is put near to its male by a courteous 
 hand, it bends inilantly to its male. The myrtle 
 and pomegranate-tree, as foon as they are near 
 each other, one grows more fecondious, the other 
 more fragrant, and both grow beautiful. One 
 may fee how wild plants leave their nature, pro- 
 ducing fvveet fruit \\hcn they are engrafted with 
 other plants. If we obferve iron and ftone, we 
 ihall fee the iron attracted to the fione as a huf- 
 band to his wife. Every body may be perfuadcd 
 by thcfe examples, that Matrimony is good and 
 ufeful to the human race. Many arguments prove 
 that liich is the Supreme Will, that man and 
 woman Ihould live together in marriage.
 
 meftic, and were fo tame that they let themfelves 
 be approached. Thofe beaftsrun about together 
 without fear ; the wolf, lamb, lion, tyger, leo- 
 pard, &c. &c. lived all together without con- 
 tention or moleftation. If a hare or a fox was 
 followed by dogs> as foon as the hare and fox 
 entered the forert, the dogs not only left off chaf- 
 ing them, but they amicably joined each other. 
 The fweetnefs of marriage gives great joy to 
 both hufband and wife ; as foon as they fee the 
 fruit of marriage, their iiiue, it gives them 
 great fatisfaclion to fee their children ftammer 
 with an innocent laugh. The mother looks at 
 her infants, killing their lips every moment, and 
 obferves them jumping about, contemplating 
 their faces which refemble the father or mother, 
 which makes her love them better than herfelf, 
 and fhe banilhes every thing difagreeable from 
 her mind in remembrance of the fruit of her 
 marriage. Every one may be acquainted with 
 the memorable judgment of the judges of Areo- 
 pagus, againft Terefa Manna of Smyrna, who 
 was accufed in the pre fence of Dolabella, Vice 
 Conful of Alia, for having killed her hufband, 
 and one of his children. This woman being 
 iifked by the judges, how fhe could be fo cruel as 
 to murder her confort and his child ? Terefa 
 Manna anfwered, fhe did fo, becaufe her hufband 
 had killed one of her firft hufband's children. The 
 judges were fo loft to decide the queftion, that 
 they fent the woman to the Athenian judges, 
 who after having heard the caufe, and not being 
 able to decide, whether the hufband had been 
 moft cruel by killing her child, or the wife by 
 murdering her hufband for having, killed one 
 .of her children, that they difputed whether fuch 
 a murder was pardonable ; at laft the judges
 
 agreed to poftpone the fentence for one hun- 
 dred years. This decree was made on purpoie 
 to ihevv, that they could not abfolve the woman 
 for her crime, neither condemn a vindictive per- 
 fon for the lois of a child fo* much beloved by a 
 mother. Another accident happened at Rome, 
 \vhen Lucretia Angiola was accufed by Peter 
 Baldini and John Biaggio, before the judge Mar- 
 cus Pom pig li us Lenates, to have killed her mo- 
 ther with a large rtick for having poifoned two 
 of her infants. Rutilia of Rome, could not differ 
 the abfence of her exiled Ion, for (he would ra- 
 ther follow him to his banifhnjent than be de- 
 prived of his prefence ; faying, that it was more 
 eafy for her to leave her native country and live in 
 miiery with him, than to beabfentfrom her fan.. 
 If we confider the fagacity of children, the wif- 
 dom of fathers, the humanity and goodnefs of 
 mothers, we might then judge what hope can 
 be expected from the generous woman, feeing the 
 blood of her veins in her young offspring grow- 
 ing up to maturity, and well educated. What 
 joy and happinefs the father and mother mult 
 receive, in the profpecl of their name being kept 
 up to pofterity. This matrimonial ftate makes 
 a woman happy, if (he is married to an h on eft 
 huiband. It is true, that many females may fay, 
 that there are very few honeft huibands ; but 
 thefe women before they marry, fliould endeavour 
 to find a hufband fuitable and equal to them, 
 more or lefs in birth, fortune and country : as 
 ancient philofophers faid, that equality (not that 
 of France) is the mother of concord and har- 
 mony, and inequality the mother of difcord and 
 diflikc. 
 
 A man who wants to marry, muft judge well 
 whether his conftitution, his mind and other 
 qualities are proper to live with a woman ; if he
 
 finds himfelf able, and poflefies thofe requifitcs, 
 then he ought to confider his birth, (ituation and. 
 income, and according to thefe he fhould many 
 a woman of not much fuperior or lefs condition 
 than his own. I do not fpeak now of the equality 
 that was in the provinces of Ethiopia, Media, 
 Scotland, Ireland, and many other countries, 
 in which "we find the fathers marry the daughters, 
 mothers their ions, and the brothers their filters ; 
 therefore, it is very well known that Artaxerxes 
 married his own daughters, Athofia and Miftrima; 
 Hipperius had for his wife Regina his filter; Gi- 
 anus married Camifia ; Dionifius to Sophronia, 
 Monabazus with Helen, three Ptol'omy's, one of 
 them with Cleopatra, another with Arfmoe, and 
 the third with Euridice, and many others in 
 Afia married their own lifters ; but this barbarous 
 cuftom is now banilhed and detefted by polite na- 
 tions. Therefore men ought^to marry women who ; 
 are not related to them ; howeyera judicious man 
 fhould inveftigate the character of* the woman 
 before marriage, and it wilt not be difficult for 
 him to judge by the woman's countenance and 
 manners, which proceed generally from her 
 education. By this method a man may ealily 
 know the woman's qualities, as Alexander judged 
 of Hyftafpes' wife, one of the figniprs of Perfia. 
 This female was prefented as a prifoner in com- 
 pany with many others, to Alexander, who or- 
 Sered the female prifoners to -fing a fong ; he 
 immediately discovered Hyftafpes's wife, by her 
 countenance and manner, to be more prudent 
 and judicious than the others, and 'at the 
 feme time he thought that Ihe muft be of fome 
 family of diftinction, and of a generous heart, 
 in which he was not miftaken ; for Alexander, 
 upon alking her name, difcovered that Ihe was 
 * daughter of Ochus, the famous King of Perfia ;
 
 snd in reality he found her very prudent and 
 virtuous: Therefore, it fometimcs happens that 
 by the countenance we difcover the lentiments of 
 the foul ; but having too great a belief in thefe 
 things, it often happens we may be deceived, 
 though not always ib. We may enquire into the 
 family's character ; therefore, not only the ftain 
 of blood, but the vice from whence the infamy 
 arifes, we have feen .generating to pofterity ; fo 
 from an infected body we may expca another of 
 the fame kind. We muft confider if the father 
 is a polite man, or an ungrateful, vain, deceiver, 
 or blafphemer ; and if the mother ib -a lafcivious 
 woman, vain, prattling and ignorant, or pru- 
 dent, careful, diligent and virtuous ; becaufe 
 children being in their father's or mother's 
 arms, le^rn the manners of their parents ; and 
 as from a bad tree we cannot expect good fruit, 
 fo from bad parents we cannot look for good 
 iifue. We muft alfo examine the children's cha- 
 racter, how they have been educated, if they have 
 got a good or bad education. This information 
 may be eafily known from the fervants or fome 
 other friends, as Demagetes King of Gialifia, 
 in the ifland of Rhodes did, \vho went to the 
 oracle Del ileus, alkin.g him which woman he 
 would chufe for his wife ? The oracle anfwered 
 him, that he who wiQied to have a wife, Ihould 
 .go and find the daughter of the belt man in 
 Greece. Therefore, Demagetes knowing Arif- 
 tomenes's character, married his third daughter, 
 without afking any fortune ; faying, a woman 
 well educated requires no fortune. Eurifthenes 
 of Lacedemonia, and Procolus alked the fame 
 oracle where they could get good wives ? The 
 oracle made anfwer, that they fhould go into 
 their countries, and \\here they met v>ith the 
 uioft rapacious animal carrying the molt tame
 
 of the others, then they could get in that place 
 gooJ wives. Eunfthenes and Procolus, after 
 having taken leave of the oracle, went into the 
 country o 1 tne Cleonees; and having met with 
 a vvolr who carried a lamb, they direclly mar- 
 ried in that -country the two daughters of The- 
 fandrus, who was not very rich, but honeft ; 
 then Eurifthenes and Procoius found themfelves 
 very iortunate in this choice of their wives. 
 Every one knows that Abraham refufed in mar- 
 riage many rich females of Canaan, chufing ra- 
 ther to have a wife of a fmall patrimony, but 
 virtuous, faying, the higheft honor and gift of 
 fortune is to be born of honeft parents. Thole who 
 wiih for riches in women, illuftrious family, or 
 for beauty and exterior appearance, are generally 
 deceived, like infants who are generally deluded 
 by the brightnefs of the ftone, think that it is of 
 a great value. 
 
 "We are now to confider which is the beft choice to 
 marry a maid or a widow. Though this argument 
 may not be fo eafily determined, notwithftand- 
 ing I venture to fay, that it is better to marry a 
 young virgin than a widow, provided that her 
 manners and education are fuitable to a hufband, 
 for we may compare a young virgin to a young 
 tree, which can be bent in any way without 
 danger ; but it would be very difficult to make 
 an old tree pliable, therefore a man can form a 
 young virgin to his manner much better than a 
 widow, who is already fubmitted to the cuftoms 
 of others. We well know that an earthen pot 
 before it is put into the furnace, might be turned 
 into any form ; but had it been in the fire before, 
 .it could never be turned into any other form 
 without breaking it. This is what I faid about 
 the cuftoms aad manners of the m'.nd. I will 
 now explain the particulars, of the perfon, by
 
 -which very often marriages are made for thofe 
 reaibns already exprefled, of the exterior of the 
 body. Therefore a man inuft endeavour to 
 marry a graceful and handfome woman with a 
 moderate fortune, according to her fituation ; 
 becaufe marrying fuch a woman is the fame as 
 buying a fine jewel, fet in gold inftead of metal, 
 which appeal's beautiful to the buyer ; fo if a 
 woman is prudent and pretty, then fhe gives 
 more pleafure to her hulband, for we in general 
 find difagreeable and deformed perfons are by 
 nature prone to vice ; as Mr. Pope fays, that, 
 
 ? The beard and hair are of a different die, 
 
 ' Short of a leg, diftorted in an eye. 
 
 '- With all thefe tokens of a rogue compleat, 
 
 f Can 'ft thou \>Q honeft f tjiou'rt a deviliih cheat/ 
 
 This is the real picture of a perfon of my ac- 
 quaintance, who perjured himfelf for the value 
 of two guineas. 
 
 Thofe who are graceful and handfome, are in- 
 clined to be wife, virtuous and prudent ; and we 
 may fuppofe a hufband receives more pleafure in 
 having a pretty and graceful women for a, wife, 
 as he may hope to have children by her. J will 
 now explain women's beauty in the words of 
 icero. That beauty is no more than-a Con- 
 venient difpofition of the body, which induces 
 us with pleafure to admire in their perfons all its 
 perfections ; this beauty, accompanied with dig- 
 nity and gracefulnefs, is peculiarly adapted to 
 the female fex, juft as noblencfs of fpirit, and a 
 fortified mind, is admired by the fair fex in the 
 men. But returning to my firft argument, I fav* 
 after having found out the qualities of the mind, 
 men muft feek for beauty of perfon, whilft the 
 proper effeft of beauty is tp generate love,, be-
 
 caufe beatify with its correfpondcnt parts and 
 well-proportioned, palling through the eyes, 
 moves the 1 intellects in fiich a manner, that it 
 produces a filent harmony in the mind, which 
 gives fo much pleafure, that it never willies .to 
 quit the object ; it at the fame time inflames the 
 will to continue that happinefs, and forces the 
 body, as it were to approach to its beauty, and 
 that amorous foul contemplates fomething di- 
 vine who it believes centred in that beauty, and 
 by reaibning will endeavour to difcover it; and 
 if in that beauty is to be found goodnefs, it will 
 inftantly be united, and retain for ever that union 
 which may be called true and complete love. 
 The. ftrength of beauty is more excellent and 
 worthy than any treafure, and more powerful 
 than virtue itfelf ; this we may know by Pallor 
 Trojanus's writings, "in which we perceive 
 Venus to be proud at having been courted by 
 the firft god of the deities. 
 
 We mortals know, that women's beauty has 
 often obliged the deities to defcend from above 
 in difguife. The beauty of Cenis forced Neptune 
 to come out of the fea ; the beautiful Proferpine 
 extricated Pluto from Hell. Who was it that 
 obliged people to pafs over mountains, and 
 go to fea ? Nothing but beauty. Many battles 
 have been fought which have often been the 
 caufe of fubverting the world, and all this for 
 the purpofe of gaining the affection of fome 
 beautiful woman. We have as an inftance Alia, 
 which has been ruined, and Greece almoft depo- 
 pulated. The flower of the European youth 
 went to fight for Agarifta, the beautiful daughter 
 of Ciifthenes ; the moft noble and valiant cap- 
 tains of Greece fought alfo, with an intention to- 
 many the handfome Hippodamia, Oenomaus's, 
 daughter, of whoni Pelpps was, the h.ulbano^
 
 beauty of Mrs. Sophia Baddcley, an Englifh 
 actrefs, for feveral years attracted the admiration 
 of at leaft one hundred Englilh. Some of her 
 admirers were the following : His Royal High- 
 nels the Duke of Cumberland ; the Dukes of 
 Ancafter, Bolton, Devon ihire, Manchefter, Nor- 
 thumberland, Queenfbury, formerly LordMarch ; 
 the Marquis of Carmarthen ; Count Belgiofo, the 
 Imperial Ambaflador ; Count Haflang, the Bava- 
 rian Minifter ; a Nepolitan Amballador ; Lords 
 Abington, Bateman, Barrymore, Coleraine, Chol- 
 mondeley, Clanbrafiil, Delaval, Falmouth, Groi- 
 venor, Harrington, Littleton, Molineux, Mel- 
 bourne, Palmerilone, Peterborough, Winchelfea ; 
 Baron Diede, the Daniih Ambaflador ; Admiral 
 Spry ; the Right Honourable John Anger ; Ro- 
 bert Con way, fon to Lord Hertford ; Dillon, 
 Charles James Fox ; Sirs Thomas Mills, natural 
 fon of Lord Mansfield, Cecil Bifhop, John Bla- 
 quiere, Francis Molineux, George Warren, John 
 Day, (who was knighted on going to the Eaft- 
 Indies); Colonels Lutterel, Smith, St. John (who 
 married Mifs Bab Biaydon, lifter to Lady Effex ;, 
 the Rev. Doctors Bruce, Bate (editor of the Morn- 
 ing Poft, who was fentenced to fome months 
 imprifonment for having piibiiihed a libel againft 
 his Grace the Duke of Richmond) ; Captains 
 Crawford, Fawkner, Morgan, Pigot ; Doctor 
 Hayes } MelTrs. St. Alban, Biggs, Brereton, Cor- 
 bet, Cafwell, Thimoty, Dibden, Damcr, Franco, 
 a Jew j Foote, Johnfon, Qiil, Gibbs, Hobart, 
 Hare, Hugh Kelly, author of Faife Delicacy ; 
 Holland, Montague, fon of Lord Sandwich ; 
 Mills, the fecond fon of the Dean of Exeter ; 
 Mendez, Petrie, a Scotch gentleman, who lived 
 in the City of London j Pigot, Storer, Smith, a 
 timber merchant ; Edward Ramus, Sheldon, who 
 lived in Berkeley-Square i Sayer, Efq. Sheriff of
 
 London in 1773 * Thomas Stanley, brother of 
 Lord Derby ; Thurlow, Wilkes, Efq. George 
 Vaughan, Webfter, the player of Drury-Lane, 
 Theatre, London ; Vaughan, of Golden Grove; 
 John, a fervantof Mr. Webfter. 
 
 The Duke of Ancafter was fo enraptured with 
 the above-mentioned woman's beauty, that one 
 day he made the following fpeech to her . ( ' You 
 are fuch a wonder of nature, that no man can 
 gaze on you unwounded. You are in this refpect 
 like the bafililk, whofe eyes kill thofe whom they 
 fix on ; you are abfolutely one of the wonders of 
 the age." lole the beautiful daughter of Euriftus, 
 King of Ochalia, was fo handfome, that Hercules 
 ferved her in a woman's apparel. Who was it that 
 inflamed the heart of Turnus and Eneas to fight 
 fo ralhly ? Nothing but the incomparable; beauty 
 of Lavinia. Who was it that obliged Hercules 
 alfo to become timorous and fcorned ? Nothing 
 but the beautiful Omphale, Queen of Lydia. 
 Who was it that caufed the war between the Gre- 
 cians and Trojans, and the final deftruclion of 
 Troy ? Nothing but the beauty of Helen. This 
 beautiful woman was ftolen away at nine years 
 old by Thefeus ; but her brothers, Caftor and 
 Pollux, recovered her again. She was afterwards 
 married to Menelaus. Paris, upon the fame of 
 her beauty, went to Greece to fee her ; fell in 
 love with her, Hole her away, and carried her to 
 Troy, which afterwards was the caufe of the war 
 and the deftruction of that famous city. And we 
 know alfo that David was conquered by Berlheba ; 
 Alexander the Great by Berfane, a widow of Da- 
 mafcus; Henry, King ofFranee, : by Madamoifelle 
 Valentinois ; Henry VIII. by Ann Bullen ; and 
 Louis the XI V. by Madame Pompadour and Ma- 
 dame dc Maim. .iO]i. 
 
 That beauty has expanded the mind of feveral
 
 writers in the tmiverfe, viz. The Grecians, Bar- 
 barians, and Latins might tell, and every country 
 may confcfs, but all muft give it up to Italy, 
 \vhilft the beauty of Beatrice and Laura have 
 produced fo many treafures as Dante, Alighieri, 
 and that garden of pleafures Petrarca; in fhort, 
 beauty does every tiling, and may be compared 
 to a goddefs, who wonderfully fends her image in 
 the moft remote parts of the univerfe, and Ihews 
 herielf clear and diftin6t by night as well as by 
 day, without touching the eyes, a thoufand infen- 
 fible ways enters in the minds, of people, ravifhes 
 the heart, and gives the idea of things which 
 were never before known or heard of. King 
 Omarte had a daughter called Odata, who was at 
 that time the moft handfome woman in that 
 country. Not far from the place in which Omarte 
 refided, was Zariadrus of Media, who polIefTed 
 the country of Cafpia, and the river Tanais, in 
 that part were the Maratjis. It happened ona 
 night that Zariadrus faw in a dream a beautiful 
 woman, and fhe appeared to him to be the daugh- 
 ter of the King Omarte. Odata happened to fee 
 in her dream the phyfiognomy of Zariadrus, and 
 the image or refemblance of both was fo imprefled 
 in their minds, that they became mutually in- love 
 and wilhed to live together. Zariadrus having a 
 great defire to fee Odata, fentan ambaflador to 
 Omarte to alk his daughter in marriage ; but 
 Odata's father would not confent, becaufc, not 
 having a fon, his defire was to give his daughter in 
 marriage to iome gentleman of his own country. 
 Some time after Omarte ordered a great feaft to 
 be prepared for Odata's nuptials, Odata having 
 heard her father's intention, direclly fent a letter 
 to Zariadrus, explaining her father's wifhes. The 
 night every thing was prepared for the nuptials, 
 at fupper time Omarte faid to Odata, my dear
 
 daughter, this feaft has been made fo~r your 
 tials, \vhicharetobe celebrated directly. This 
 is the honorable company of gentlemen out of 
 which you muft chufe a huiband, who will be the 
 fuccellbr to my kingdom. Look at the face of 
 every one, and take the golden cup in \vhich you 
 muft put the wine, then give it to that perfon 
 whom you like beft. Odata was aftonifhed at 
 fuch a propofal, and looked round the room for 
 Zariadrus, but Ihe fainted away when fhe fa\v 
 her amiable lover was not in the room ; therefbre> 
 Odata thinking that Zariadrus could not have 
 received her letter in time, became filent for a 
 few moments. Zarladriis after having received 
 Odata's letter, when he was near the river Tanais 
 in company with his army, fuddenly left his 
 companions, and went with only one of his fer- 
 vants to the town in which was Odata. As foon 
 as Zariadrus entered a tavern, he left his fervant 
 there, and after having dreiled himfelf in the 
 Scythian faihion, went and entered the room at 
 the time that Odata was flowly putting the wine 
 in the cup, bathed with her tears. Zariadrus 
 with dexterity approached Odata, faying foftly, 
 Here, Odata, is your faithful Zariadrus. Odata 
 hearing the name of Zariadrus, locked at him, and 
 recollecting his refemblance with a joyful counte- 
 nance prefented the cup to her lover. Zariadrus 
 after having received the cup from Odata, imme- 
 diately went away with her without faying any 
 thing to the company. Omarte looking for his 
 daughter v, ho was gone out of the room, not know- 
 ing with whom (he had run away, made many en- 
 quiries but without fucccfs.' Who can now fup- 
 pofe from whom the villon and defire of thofe 
 lovers had known their images without their bo- 
 dies, and feen the beauty of each other in this 
 wonderful manner* which produced tlicfe
 
 vellous effects. The people of Athens know how 
 ufeful the beauty of Alcibiades was to himfelf. 
 The Perfians may inform us of the gracef'ulnefs 
 of King Xerxes, xvho was declared to be the hand- 
 ibmeft perfon amongft twelve millions of people. 
 The Romans might tell us, how Conful Pallienus 
 did fo pailionately love a mulberry-tree; and 
 Hor ten li us Orator, Ricco CraH'us, and Antonietta, 
 wife of Drufus, with what paffion they loved a 
 benet-fifh. Beauty is fo powerful in its effects, 
 that not only men fall in love with it, but the 
 irrational animals are fenfible of its wonderful 
 force, and feel almoft the fame effect as the human 
 race ; and we have read of Hermia, and other 
 children, being loved by dolphins, The beautiful 
 Leucadia was fo much beloved by a peacock, that 
 it died inftantly after Leucadia's death. In An- 
 tiochia, a city of Syria, an elephant was fo deep- 
 ly in love with a young woman, that after her 
 death he went mad. The noble young Crifpina 
 walking with her maid fcrvants when ihe was in 
 the country, a bear faw and inftantly fell in love 
 with her,and carried her to his grot, where he kept 
 fome time playing with her without in the lead 
 hurting her. Therefore the beauty of a wife is 
 to be admired by her hufband. Riches are to 
 be valued alfo as neceflary againft misfortunes. 
 Thefe riches make people appear prudent, good, 
 and efteemed by every body ; and which enable 
 mankind to learn the arts and fciences, and from 
 them dignity and honor are generated. Who 
 would go to war without money ? What kind of 
 pleafure cannot a rich man have, who witn his 
 fortune poUefTes fine palaces, fpacious gardens, 
 diligent fervants, keeps a good table, and every 
 thing that he can wifli for i I am aftoniihed how 
 our forefathers could have held in veneration fo 
 different deities, whilit their money could
 
 liave brought them more happinefs, than all theic 
 falfe gods. Riches arc bad only for one reafon, 
 that is, it can never be fixed in one place; for we 
 find it frequently melted, like the fnow by the fun* 
 and depart from us, without our perceiving it. 
 Therefore the moft important object for a man, is 
 to find a woman of good behaviour, and other ao 
 cornplijhrnenrs feemingly of lefs value, which will 
 Be more ornamental. Exterior gracefulnefs muft 
 not be the principal object in feeking a wife. It is 
 true that matrimony is a fort of alchymy, which 
 makes us lofe our time, property, and fenfes, and 
 when a perion thinks himfelf well married, he often 
 finds his time loft, and has acquired trouble for all 
 his life; but when a married couple are prudent, 
 and wile, there very feldom arifes difagreeable dif- 
 putes between them, and they live interruptedly 
 happy. If a woman, who at firft leems to be of a 
 good temper and difpofition, afterwards turns bad, 
 and troublefome to her hufband, there muft be 
 fome reafon for it ; for example, we may fuppofe a 
 coach with a creeking wheel, and it takes fire, 
 though it is of the fame make as the others, not- 
 withftanding the creeking proceed from nothing 
 but the negligence of the coachman, who does not 
 keep it properly greafed; fo a hufband muft endeavour 
 todo his duty towards his wife, whatever (lie may be 
 in want of, if he would not wifh to give her any 
 caufe of complaint. Let a horfe be ever fo good, 
 and well made, if he is not well governed by his 
 mafter, he will foon grow unruly, troublefome, and 
 ungovernable to every body j fo there is no perfon 
 fo good, that might not become bad without a 
 prudent companion. 
 
 Moft women are naturally of a good difpofition; 
 but they frequently become vicious foon after they 
 are married by the capricious difpofition of bad, 
 ignorant, and fufpicious hufbands. Therefore I
 
 will add what the famous Taftb faid, "That a pru- 
 dent and wile hufband makes his wife good.** 
 Leontia, a friend of the philclbpher Epicurus, a 
 woman of a bad character, was fo well uled by him, 
 that (he not only deteftcd her abandoned life, buc 
 became fo good, as to learn the fcience of philo- 
 fophy. However, if a man induces his female 
 friend to behave well, how much more will a good 
 hufband govern, and render happy that honourable 
 title a wife. I will venture to affirm, if a hufband 
 is wife and prudent, he will preferve the good beha- 
 viour of his wife, and will accuftom her to good 
 morals j but there are many men of fuch bad di v io- 
 fitions., who are unquainted with the manner of con- 
 verting arpicably with their wives, and act juft as the 
 Knights of the hCmtav&> who lock at every action 
 of their wives, and contradict them in every thing 
 they fay, that the poor women cannot move, nor 
 open their mouths. It is not uncommon to hear 
 tliofe perfons praife and puffthemfelves, as foon as 
 they have given their v\ives difpleaiure, in the fame- 
 manner as the emperor Adrianus did, who ufed his 
 wife Sabina fo ill, and treated her with fuch con- 
 tempt, that me killed herfelf, for not being able to 
 endure her hufband's cruel difpofition. We have 
 another inftance in Mr. Bowes, who ufed infamy in 
 gaining Lady Strathmore's affections and his cruelty 
 afterwards. This gentleman confpired with Parfon 
 Bate, then Editor of the Morning Poft,, to impofe 
 upon Lady Strathmore ; and, to execute their plan, 
 a fham duel was fought, under pretence of vindi- 
 cating Lady Strathmore from libels inferted in the 
 Pod by Parfon Bate, in which duel nothing really 
 luffered but a looking-glafs, broke by the comba- 
 tants; that Mr. Bowes pretended to have been 
 wounded j and Lady Strathmore, imprefied wjth 
 gratitude for his fuppofed gallantry and fufferings 
 in vindication of her character, had generoufly
 
 given him her hand had raifed him from in- 
 digence and obfcurity, to affluence and fuuation. 
 Previous to this unfortunate marriage, however, 
 fhe had providentially executed a deed lecuring her 
 eftates to herfelf : but foon afcer her marriage, when 
 her fpirit was broken with continual and unexam- 
 pled ill-ufage, when (he had no free will of her own, 
 her ungrateful, her cruel hufband, extorted from 
 her a deed of revocation, vetting all her ellates in 
 him. Soon afcer Mr. Bowes had the deed in his 
 poffeffion, the moft unfortunate Lady Strathmore 
 had been deprived of her liberty in every refpect. 
 The uie of her carriage was denied her, unlefs with 
 his previous permiflion : her own old fervants were 
 difcharged, and the new ones engaged ordered noc 
 to attend the ringing of her beli : fhe durft not 
 write a letter without his inflection, nor look into 
 till he firft perufed it : fhe was treated with foul 
 language, and often chaltized with blows had fre- 
 quently received black eyes from his favage hands: 
 fhe was drove from her own table, or often forced 
 to fit at it iii company with his proflitutes; till at 
 laft fhe was forced to fly from her houfe, and apply 
 to the law of jufticc. Thefe, and many other in- 
 ftances of cruelty were flated by the Recorder, as 
 were alfo the whole procefs of the conviction of 
 Mr. Bowes, for a confpiracy in carrying off Lady 
 Strathmore, while a fuit for a divorce, instituted by 
 her, was depending in the Ecclefiaftical Court. A 
 hufband would not be molclted by his wife if he 
 knew the merit of matrimony. 
 
 Hymen is the moft ftrict compact of .faithful 
 love. The effect of marriage is the pleafure and 
 fatisfa<5tion of having children. A hufband ought 
 to fpeak, and give advice to his wife amicably, and 
 he fhould not act, as many men do, by fwearing at, 
 and beating thtrir wives in almoft the fame manner 
 as a horfc who is beattt^ by an unmerciful driver.
 
 This is not the proper way to acquire the afiiclion 
 of a good wife. Thofe perfons do not know whac 
 a generous animal is for the more he is bfat, the 
 more ferocious and unruly he becomes. It feems 
 to them that fwearing at, and beating their wives, 
 would make them humble and fubmiffive but 
 they are wrong j becaufe a man can never induce 
 his wife to be humble and fubmiffive if he does not 
 act in a becoming manner, by ufing good 2nd gentle 
 words to her. Therefore a woman is a companion 
 to her hufband, and not a fervant, as it is not pro- 
 per to make any diftin&ion between hufband and 
 wife that diftinclion confifts only in the vigour of 
 the body of the men j the form and foul of women 
 is the fame as that of the men, and it is a work of 
 our Maker. Man, in the Latin language, exprefles 
 both fexes. I cannot underftand what utility and 
 glory could induce a man to bc-at a woman, as beat- 
 ing a female brings great ignomy on a man. If 
 lions, and other generous animals, when they are 
 beating, grow difliainful and ferocious, why may 
 not the fair-fex grow furious when they are ill- treat- 
 ed by their hufbands. A man mud be cautious of 
 himlelf in beating his wife j becaufe if he beats 
 her, in that cafe he can expect from her nothing 
 but hatred, enmity, variance, adultery, and many 
 other evils. We very well know how many bad 
 difpofitions females pofTefics, and how fagacious 
 they are almoft in every thing, and when abufed, 
 they are naturally inclined to bad j fo they are alfo 
 inclined more to good when they are well-treated 
 by their hufbands. Prudent and wife men know 
 very wt-jl the confequences that might happen from. 
 beating their wives, and thofe hufbands never ufe a 
 'cane to correct them. The good old Andrews 
 Tiracjuellus, a very learned man, left in his matrir 
 monial Letters, that he never had read in any book, 
 or heard from any perfon, that a wife and prudent
 
 man ever beat his wife, though (he were infolent 
 and* capricious. Socrates, having been afked by 
 fome of his friends, " Why he did not correct his 
 wife with a ftick greafed with butter ?" Anfwered, 
 " My wife is mad, and I as yet am not j for what 
 I can untierftand, (he replies) you fhould wifli to fee 
 me at variance with her. Is it to make you, and 
 every one in the city laugh ? If this is your inten- 
 tion, I can tell you that you will never have that 
 happinefs." If we were wilhing to be good men, 
 we muft follow the wifdom of our ancient philofo- 
 phers ro acquire the affeftionof our females, as the 
 learned Doctor of Nations faid to the Chriftian Co- 
 lofiians Men muft love their wives if they will 
 be loved by them. The famous Spartans feverely 
 punifhed thofc hufbands who beat their wive*. Ca- 
 to Cenforinus, a prudent Roman, though he had a 
 bad wiff,' notwithstanding was never cruel to her j 
 for he laid in the houfe of the fenators, " A hufband 
 who beats his wife (hould be feverely punifhed." 
 Thofe men who uie their wives ill, only gain ha- 
 tred and contempt'from them. A man cannot have 
 a vvorfe evil than not to be beloved by his wife ; 
 therefore a hufband muft fear the anger of our 
 Creator if his wife is feparated from him, and we 
 mayfuppofe that vengeance will be made to follow 
 him, as happened to Mithridate, who having abanr 
 doned Stratonica, his wife, punifhment fell upon 
 him; therefore Stratonica finding herfelf in the 
 caltle of Simphorious, fent away all the foldiers 
 with an order to go and get provifions. When they 
 were diftant from the caftle, (he vindicated herfelf 
 for delivering up the fortrefs into the hands of the 
 Roman foldiers of Pompeius. So, from a faithful 
 wife, {he turned a vindictive woman, depriving her 
 hufband of his property. We have another in- 
 irance in General Gunning, who abandoned his 
 wife, that had fhe been a vindictive perfon, flie
 
 would undoubtedly have followed Stratonica's ex- 
 ample. The cafe of General Gunning's fepara- 
 tion from his wife we may fee by the following 
 letter : 
 
 GENERAL GUNNING S LETTER TO HIS DAUGHTER. 
 
 " FROM an heart that ftill feels moft fenfibly 
 the affections of a father for her who was dearly 
 beloved proceeds this letter. That afflitfred father 
 defires an interview with his unfortunate daughter, 
 in which fhe may depend on having no more to 
 fear than the workings of an anxious, and perhaps, 
 over-indulgent parent. The time, and the place of 
 meeting is left entirely to her, who is even now 
 dear to 
 
 (Copy) Signed J. GUNNING. 
 
 Send an anfwer fealed with red wax by the bearer. 
 I have made the note in the form of a letter. I 
 lodge at No. 13, Norton Street, Portland Place. 
 I'll iup to-night in Soho Square." 
 
 COPY OF MISS GUNNING'S ANSWER TO HER FATHER. 
 
 " TURNID from your door defencelefs, penny- 
 lefs, and robbed by you of what is, and ever will 
 be, dearer to me than my life my character ftig- 
 matized for forgeries, which thofe who really did 
 forge the letters, and you, fir, muft know I am as 
 innocent of as heaven is free from fraud. You, 
 who I never in my life offended in thought, word, 
 or deed, to caft me out upon the wide world as a 
 guilty creature, when you know my heart would 
 not have dishonoured you, myfclf, or my fexi and 
 after you had thrown me off, to purfue me as you 
 would the bitterelt of your enemies to raife up
 
 falfe witnefles to crufh that child whom you mould 
 have protected with your life. Innocent as, I again 
 repeat, you know me to be, even had I been guilty, 
 (which, God be praifed, I am not) ftill you fhould 
 have fcreened me* and your chaftifements fhould 
 have been foftened by pity. You call me unfortu- 
 nate I am unfortunate who was it made me fo ? 
 This unfortunate never will appear in your prefence 
 till you announce, and that in the moft public, and 
 moft unequivocal manner, to the whole world, how 
 much fhe has been wronged by fcandalous contriv- 
 ances, and unheard of calumny. 
 
 (Signed; E. GUNNING." 
 
 The reafon why General Gunning wrote and fcnt 
 the above letter to his daughter may be feen by the 
 following accufadons : 
 
 ACCUSATIONS ALLEDGED AGAINST MISS GUNNING. 
 
 Miss GUNNING is accufed of having written let- 
 ters in the name of the D of M and of 
 
 L B , and alfo writing anonymous 
 
 letters. 
 
 She is accufed of having bribed her father's groom 
 not to go to Blenheim with a letter from her father 
 
 to the D of M , and a narrative of 
 
 her writing, which (he had drawn out at the requeft 
 of her father, for the purpofe (as he faid) of being 
 
 fent to the D of M ; that fhe bribed 
 
 the groom not to go to Blenheim, but to fay he had 
 been there, and to deliver to her (as coming from 
 the D of M ) a letter that fhe had giv- 
 en him for that purpofe ; and fhe is accufed of 
 going to Mrs. Bowen's lodgings on Sunday, the 
 6th of February, about the forged letters produced 
 by her.
 
 " I.E. Gunning, never have, written, or caufed 
 to be written, any letter, or note in my whole life in 
 a difguifcd hand, under a name, or as anonymous. 
 I never-was in Mrs Bowen's lodgings in my life. 
 I never met her by appointment, or by chance, at 
 any third place; the only place in which I have 
 ever feen her has been at my father's houfe, or m 
 my father's carriage, and never without my mama, 
 or my aunt, being p'refent. I never wrote her a 
 note, or a letter, in my life. 1 never fpoke to her 
 confidentially on any iubjeft whatever." 
 
 (The oath being adminiftered by William Hide 
 Efq. one of his Majefty's Juftices of the Peace, and 
 witnefled by two gentlemen of probity, was figned 
 by herfelf ) K. GUNNING. " 
 
 By Mifs Gunning's declaration people may judge 
 how ill fhe has been treated by her father, and Mrs. 
 Gunning by her hufband > and according to Mrs. 
 Gunning's declaration in her letter addrefled to his 
 Grace the Duke of Argyll, faid General Gunning 
 ordered his wife to withdraw from his houfe, and 
 the confequence of this vindictive command was 
 announced to fuch extremity for upwards of two 
 hours, that (he verily believed would have put an 
 end to her exiftence. By this we may judge, that 
 General Gunning had no occafion to abandon his 
 wife in (uch a manner, by giving credit to the falfe 
 reports of malicious people. 
 
 General Gunning ,did what was mod romantic ; 
 conquering every affection, forgetting every tie 
 that nature had implanted in our breads, by ihut-
 
 ting his door againfr, his moft virtuous, and amiable 
 wife, and his beautiful and innocent child. 
 
 i made this digre/fion to (hew that a hufliand 
 mould not defert his family; becaufe, if he does, one 
 time or other, he will: be chaftifed by his Maker, as 
 I before obferved. It is true that it ibme times may- 
 happen that we meet with a coleric and capricious 
 woman; it is then the duty of the hufband to fup- 
 prefs his anger and be patient, and with good moral 
 advice, inftrudl her and endeavour to extricate her 
 from fuch paflions; becaufe a man can never obtain 
 any end or profit by rudenefs. Politenefs and 'civi- 
 lity will win and fecure her affection to him. The 
 hufband may have difputes with his wife; but fuch 
 difputes muft be with affedion, and not with 
 threatnings or beatings; becaufe, as I haye already 
 obferved, matrimonial love may foon turn into 
 mortal hatred. When women begin to hate, or 
 diflike their hufbands, it very often happens, that 
 difcord, ruin, and death follow.; as happened to 
 Galeotus, Prince of Forli, who after having mar- 
 ried the daughter of John Bentivoglio, treated her 
 with fuch indifference and contempt, that one day 
 his wife feigned herfelf to be very ill, and took to 
 her bed. When Galeotus cam2 into her apartment, 
 me ordered one of her confidents to kill him. The 
 fame fate attended many others. Therefore a wo- 
 man when (he is ill treated, becomes fenfelefs, furi- 
 ous, and vindictive, which is the time to guard 
 againft deceivers and feducers ; for they know how 
 to flatter a woman, when (he is at variance with 
 her hufband, who is loft as foon as his wife becomes 
 an adulterefs; then he lofes alfo his property, and 
 his life is in fome degree of danger. Few men may 
 be fuppofed to have a jult fente of honour ; they 
 therefore, to fatisfy their caprice, run the rifk to 
 ruin the reputation of two families, their lives are 
 almoft every 'moment expofed to evils created by
 
 public fcandaK Thefe evils are fo clear, that th 
 mod ignorant of men is not unacquainted with them. 
 What crime can a woman commit to make her huf- 
 band beat her ? Suppofing that a wife may difpleaftf 
 her hufband, are the women not like yourfelves, 
 dear hufbands, are they not the fame flefh and blood 
 as yourfelves? Why not punifh yourfelves when 
 ye furioufly fwear and commit the moll unlimited 
 crimes ? Why do ye not give them a Hick, and tell 
 them to beat your coats heartily with it ? If a man 
 lives with an infamous concubine, who gives him 
 much and frequent difpleafure, it is not unlikely he 
 will praife her when doing mifchief, and after her 
 death celebrated her name with great honour, as 
 Giges King of Lydia did, who not only fuffered the 
 difhoneft conduct of Rofaura his mifhefs, but put 
 himfelf and his army in her power; then he ordered 
 his people afrer her death to build that elegant 
 tomb, which afterwards was called the Friend's 
 tomb.' Every injury done by a concubine to her 
 friend, is tolerated by him j but the honefl and 
 chafte wife, for the lead fault, is too often abufed 
 and beat by her hufband. Perhaps thefe circum- 
 ftances happen more frequently, becaufe a wife can- 
 not quit her hufband, and a concubine may leave, 
 her friend at any time , but who doubts that a wife 
 can likewife abandon her hufband? The word is, that 
 if a wife runs away from her hufband, fhe is fcorned 
 by everyone, andaconcubine,ontheother hand, gets 
 honour and praife by leaving her friend. Thefe 
 concubines in general do nothing but deceive fools, 
 and fquander away their property, and ruin not on- 
 ly their families, but frequently all with whom they 
 are acquainted. We have an inftance in Mrs. So- 
 phia Baddeley, who was protected by Lord Mel- 
 bourne, the fon and heir of Sir Matthew Lamb, 
 who made a great fortune by lending out his money. 
 If Lord Melbourne had followed his father's ex-
 
 ample, and not fquandered his money with Mrs. 
 Baddeley, he would have been a much richer man 
 than he now is. He himfelf laid, when he was in 
 converfation with her at the mafquerade at the 
 Pantheon, " Madam, you had nearly ruined me, 
 and I will have nothing more to do with you for 
 the future.'* 
 
 The ancient laws of the good and wife men were 
 not badly eftablifhed by them. A woman could 
 leave her hufband as foon as he beat her, faying, 
 "A cruel man does not deferve a prudent and patient 
 wife." Jt mud be a great crime to treat a wife like 
 a (lave; becaufe a woman puts her life with confi- 
 dence and liberality in her hufhand's power, and 
 gives him all her fortune, with an intention, that 
 he ihould defend her from all injuries, and (he pro-^ 
 mifes to ferve and obey him, by producing him a 
 fine pofterity with a defire to immortalize his name. 
 The hufband cheerfully accepts his wife's promifes; 
 afterwards he treats her more impioufly than that 
 falfe friend Ptolemy, who killed his friend Pom- 
 peius, from whom he had received fo many fa- 
 vours. This ungrateful aftion was done for no- 
 thing, but to plcafe Casfar. A huiband very often 
 commits all kinds of treafons againft his wife, who 
 is his Deft friend. Such a character may be fairly 
 called a horrid monfter. What difference is there 
 between thofe who beat their wives, or parents ? 
 A wife is more nearly allied, and more dear to a 
 hufband, than a parent^ as our Maker has ordered, 
 that a man muft leave his parents, as foon as he has 
 married a woman. God has created the female not 
 inferior to the male fex, and he gave woman to 
 man, as a companion, and not as a fervant, or a 
 flave. Though a female is feparated from man, 
 yet (he is formed out of one of his ribs ; of courfe 
 me muft be equal to him. The hufband' s duty, 
 therefore, is to treat his wife well, and he has no
 
 Tight to infult or beat her. When the' ancients 
 wifhed to make any offering to Juno (who repre- 
 fents the matrimonial union) they took out the gall 
 of the victim, in order that they might underftand 
 that any anger, or any kind of bitternefs, fhould 
 not exift between hufband and wife. A good and 
 faithful hufband muft correct his wife's faults with 
 tendernefs, and in the moft pleafant languages fpeak 
 toher, as his friend and companion. People very 
 likely may fay, I give great offence to the male 
 fex, by not making any diftinction between hufband 
 and wife, and I take away from the hufband the 
 power of commanding a wife according to the ma- 
 trimonial laws. I will anfwer them, and confefs 
 that it is truej but moft people do not know in 
 what confifts the authority of a man over his wife. 
 Many think that it is in their power to manage 
 their wives as they like; but if a hufband wifhes to 
 command his wife as a matter, then he might act at 
 leaft as if he were a Prince, and his wife a vafial, 
 orfubjecl:. Therefore, if a prince gives no trouble, 
 or moleftation to his fubjedls, but governs them 
 by amicable laws, he will be praifed and beloved by 
 them, and his fortune by thefe means will increafe ; 
 but if he ill treats his fubj^ds, then he will be hated 
 by them, and his fortune will of courfe be diminifh- 
 cd. We (hall fuppofe a hufband may think him- 
 felfaKing, and his wife a Lieutenant General; 
 therefore a King may apper more great when his 
 Lieutenant -General is honoured by the love of his 
 fubjects. A King never lofes any thing by well 
 treating his General j fo a hufband muft be a gainer 
 by well ufing his wife, who, after him, refumes the 
 firft place in his family. I do not doubt that if an 
 infolent hufband would confider all what I have 
 faid, he would reform, and leave off his rafhnefs, 
 and be more complaifant towards his wife, particular- 
 ly, if he remembers their nuptials vow ; when he 
 accepted his wife as a companion, who appeared to
 
 him fo beautiful, when he promifed her at the altar 
 to be always united, and faithful in every thing, for 
 which his wife became pledged at their union. A 
 farmer, after having bought a farm, cultivates it, 
 though the earth is gravelly, and marlhy, notwith- 
 ftanding he never abandons it; fo a man after mar- 
 riage mould never neglecl his wife, (he being his 
 neareft and moft intimate friend. The Numidians 
 were defpifed by every body, becaufe they kept their 
 wives in bondage like flavesj but the Lacedemoni- 
 ans were praifed for having treated their wives like 
 good companions, faying, "A wife gives iffue to her 
 hufband." 
 
 Prudent men fhould govern their wives, and not 
 confine by flavery, as the Oppian law of the ancient 
 Romans inform us, a man fhould not wifh to be 
 called Mafter or Tyrant, but Father. Perhaps 
 it may be alked, How are we to make a good 
 wife? 1 anfwer, to make a good wife, is in the 
 power only of our Maker; but men may eafily 
 preferve the natural good dilpofition of their wives, 
 by teaching the ignorant, and tolerating the vici- 
 ous, becaule to have patience with a filent perfon 
 cannot be counted a virtue, neither does the navi- 
 gating a fhip with a favourable wind require much 
 art j but when a fhip is in danger, then (kill and 
 prudence are necefiary. Therefore the good nature 
 of a hufband could not be known, if his wife were 
 humble and docile. However a prudent man, with 
 a capricious and proud wife, will then fhew his 
 conltancy and patience by ufing her with lenity 
 and forbearance. Alcibiades afked Socrates one 
 day, How he could tolerate fuch an outcry in 
 Xantippe his wife. Socrates anfwered," Do you not 
 conftantly hear the cocks and hens crowing?"- 
 " .Yes," Alcibiade* faid, " I hear them very often, 
 but they give me eggsj" " And my wife,*' 
 Socrates faid, " gives me children." A woman.
 
 although flie has not all the qualifications of a good 
 wife, notwithstanding ought to be tolerated by her 
 hufband, provided that (he does her duty to her 
 family. If we tolerate the barking of our dogs, 
 the crows of a cock, and the mewing of a cat, v/hy 
 can we not tolerate a little noife from our wives? 
 If a wife makes faults by negligence, why fhould 
 not a hufband excufe female feeblenefs? Socrates 
 having difputed with his wife, fhe was at the time 
 fo enraged with him, that fne took a pot full of 
 dirty water and threw it upon his head. Socrates, 
 after having received his fecond baptifm from his 
 wife, exprefied himfelf thus: " 1 knew very well 
 that after it thundered, Xantippe would pour 
 water." We have a rare inftance here of the real 
 goodnefs of a prudent and patient iran ! I know 
 not any one that would have fuffcred furh an infuk 
 without revenging it. On the othrr hand, female 
 faults, done by ficnplicity and negligence, are not 
 to induce a man to ufe his wife with brutality. 
 The greater the faults of a woman, the more op- 
 portunity will there be for a hufband to fhew his 
 prudence and patience. Although the adultery of 
 Fauftina was known by every one, notwithstanding 
 Marcus Anthony, emperor, a prudent and wife 
 philofopher, diffemblcd his wife's imprudence, to 
 avoid difagreeabiy words with her, as he had more 
 care for his dominions, and his univerfal know- 
 ledge of philofophy, than the difhonefty of his 
 wife, who was always taken ill with the gout, as a 
 punifhment for her imprudent conduct; moreover, 
 to fhew that he did not care to know her intrigues, 
 he gave places to all thofe who had any illicit com- 
 merce with her. Many people will fay, it is highly 
 degrading for hufbands to live with their wives 
 after having difcovered their infidelity. I am of 
 the fame opinion alfoj every one fhould abhor the 
 ancient cuftoms of the Nafamones, and other bar-
 
 barians, who left their newly- married women in 
 the power of every one who would approach them : 
 the wives who had moft gallants, were thofe who 
 were moft praifed by their hufbands, becaufe they 
 get fo many prefents from ftrangers. Another 
 fcandalous cuftom we find in the country of the 
 Latins in Poland. The hufbands there allowed 
 each of their wives to have a gallant, who were 
 called the Help of Matrimony. Another cuflom 
 was in the country of the Dabfolibians, who went 
 with their wives into taverns to fup with ftrangers. 
 The hufbands after fupper extinguished the can- 
 dles, and every man took a woman by chance, 
 dancing with her in the dark. Another vicious 
 practice was between the people of Babylon, who, 
 for a trifle, prefented their wives to ftrangers, who 
 went with them, and the woman, who refufed thofe 
 ftrangers, was abufed and beaten by her hufband. 
 Thofe cuftoms Ihould be banifhed out of fociety, 
 it being neither proper cr prudent to have a dif- 
 honeft woman for a wife. I have inferted thofe 
 examples to fhew, that a hufband has no right to 
 profticute or beat his wife. Many prudent and 
 wife hufbands, who have had difhoneft wives, did 
 neither menace nor beat them. We have an ex- 
 ample in Pompeius the Great, who had Martia 
 for his wife, who was an adultrefs. Julius Casfar 
 had Pompeia, who violated the conjugal faith with 
 Clodius, a Roman fenator. Marcus Tullius had 
 Terentia, who did not prefer ve her chaftity ; and 
 many others who had unchafte wives. Therefore 
 thofe men, being prudent, did not grow diffracted 
 for the lafcivioufnefs of their wives, neither did 
 they appear uneafy on that account, becaufe fuch 
 men woold not be mocked by their citizens, nor 
 would they cxpofe themfelves to the tribunals to 
 make their families unhappy, and cover their rela- 
 tions with infamy j but they filently parted from
 
 their wives -without revenging themfeives upon 
 them. On the contrary, an imprudent man would 
 beat a hundred wives, if he had them, on hearing 
 only a fmgle licentious word from them. We 
 have an intiance in Captain Ilaac Prefect, who beat 
 and abufed his prudent and modeft wife mod 
 cruelly, and before his natural daughter, Georgina 
 Prefcot, a child of about eleven years of age, pulled 
 her petticoats over her face, and then rung his bell 
 that the fervant might come in and look at her, 
 keeping his wife in that pofture till the man had 
 entered the room, who was aftonifhed when he faw 
 his miitrefs in that fituation. Another day, about 
 the middle of November, he maUe her get out of 
 bed in her fhift and ftand ihivering for two hours 
 upon a marble hearth, and ufed many other cruelties 
 towards her, that modefty forbids laying any thing 
 further of this barbarous man. The late Duke of 
 'D'Orleans, now the notorimis monfter Egalite, 
 feveral times ill treated and injured his wife fo 
 cruelly that her life at one time was difpaired of by 
 the phyfician and furgeon. We have another in- 
 ftance in George Parkins, Efq. who had criminal 
 intercourfe with a ftrange woman, calling herfetf 
 Margaret Mahon, and did allb cruelly treat his wife 
 Ann Parkins, by deferring her, and leaving her with- 
 out any provifion for her fupport. Another cruel 
 and barbarous man, called John Hart, Kfq. alder- 
 man of London, feifed his wife by the head and 
 Ihoulders, and pufhed her about the room, and beat 
 her feveral times againft the chimney. The only 
 reafon he affigned for his outrageous conduct was, 
 that while in converfation at dinner, flie had uttered 
 fome word or words in the prefencc of him and 
 Mrs. Tabitha Spencer, her mother, at which he 
 took offence ; by thcfe means Mrs. Hart's head, 
 face, and neck became much bruifed, fwelled, and 
 difcloured; and fhc remained exceedingly indif-
 
 pofed and ill for feveral days after. 
 Such perfons are not to be called men, but rave- 
 nous beafts after their own blood. Man is per- 
 mitted to be divorced from his wife on account 
 of infidelity, but not to do her any perfonal in- 
 jury. The proper punilhment for an unchafte 
 woman, is to abandon her; becaufe (as it very 
 often happens) difhoneft love turns into hatred 
 and contempt, and fhe is fufficiently punifhed 
 for hermifconducl;, as happened to Mrs. Sophia 
 Baddeley : This heroine, who had lived in her day 
 with great fplendor, fell at laft a facrifice to her 
 own folly. Being feparated from her hufband, and 
 after fhe had cohabited with many people of 
 iafhion, at laft ended her days as poor as a rat, in 
 company with John her fervant, who had been 
 Valet to one of her admirers and protectors, Mr. 
 Webfter, the player, of Drury-Lane Theatre, 
 London. The good Paul, a hermit, as foon as he 
 knew that his wife had an intrigue with a young 
 man, faid to her, fmiling, C5 Madam, you may 
 depend upon my word, that you will never live 
 any longer with me." Then, turning towards 
 the young man, faid, " Sir, this woman muft be 
 your's for the future ;" after which he went away, 
 leaving the two adulterers to meditate their folly. 
 And the fame fate happened alfo to Anne, Baronefs 
 Percy, daughter to the Right Hon. John Earl of 
 Bute : this lady was divorced from her hufband.
 
 for having an intrigue witli William Bird,, Efq. 
 and Mrs. Sarah Horneck with John Scawen, Efq. 
 Lady Abergavenny with Richard Lyddel, Efq. 
 The Marchionefs of Caermarthen with John By- 
 ron^ EJq. Mrs. Elizabeth IJraper with Charles 
 Ruilelj John TIeylock, William Penibld, Jqhn 
 'Lancafter and Edward Goode ; the Moft Noble 
 Ann Du chefs of Grafton with the Right Hon.* John 
 Earl of OppefOflbry, in the kingdom of Ireland ; 
 Mrs. Catherine Knight with John Norris, Efq. 
 member of parliament for Rye in Suilex ; Mrs. 
 Catherine Cade with the Right Hon. Henry Ayl- 
 iner or the kingdom o Ireland ; Mrs. Burt with 
 Captain John Barlow ; Mrs. Sarah Paine with 
 Daniel Scratton, Efq. of Great Waltham, in the 
 County of Effex, om of his Majefty's juftices of 
 the peace, and an officer in che militia of the faid 
 county ; Mrs. Elizabeth Martha Chichely Harris 
 with the Rev. John Craven, Rte&df of \Voolver- 
 ton, in the County of Southampton ; Diana Vif- 
 countefs bolingbroke with Topham Beauclerk, 
 Efq. the \ iicountefs bclrnore (/brmerly Lady 
 Henrietta Hobart, and daughter* to John "Earl 
 of Buck'nghanifhire) v-*'th the Earl ot Anrram-; 
 Mrs. Hodges with the Hon. Charles Wyndham ; 
 Mrs. Parfiow with Mr. Sykes ; Mrs. Harriot 
 ' Brooke with Edward Hoare, Efq. Mrs. Campbell 
 with Major Hook ; Mrs. Catharine Degen with 
 John Baptifte Larreguy, of Bayonne : Mrs. Mor- 
 ion with Mr. Clark ; Mrs, Elizabeth Green with 
 Mr. Goddard, Mrs. Morgan with John Broughton, 
 and many others were reduced to the fame tate. 
 
 Nature herfelf teaches us to abandon an adul- 
 terous wife, but not to injure here, nor kill her : as 
 many learned men tell us, the lionefs isfometimes 
 in love with the leopard, and by her merry jeft- 
 ings induces him ibmetimes to be connected with 
 her ; when it happens that the lionefs becomes
 
 pregnant by him, fhe then retires initantly to a 
 deep foreft, and far diftant from her lion feeds 
 her little ones fecretly ; but if the lion finds 
 thefe young leopards, he abandons the lionels 
 as an adulterefs, and he never lives any longer 
 with her. Therefore, a man in this inftance 
 might learn a lellbn from the lion, without ufing 
 any cruelty to his wife. 
 
 A hulband fhould endeavour to avoid as much 
 as poflible expofing his wife to a tribunal, becaufe 
 in expofing his partner, he difclofes his unfor- 
 tunate condition, declaring his wife an adulterefs ; 
 and by going to trial, he muft produce witnelles 
 and proof, which in fuch circumftances is very 
 difficult, to confirm her guilt j whilft feveral per- 
 fons may be kept from the trial, perhaps by 
 the menaces of the adulterers, or by defire 
 of the relations, or many other circumftances ; 
 and if the accufer ihould be able to prove the 
 adultery, then he would get very little profit, 
 
 and the unpleafant name of a . In this 
 
 cafe, .Lord Derby thought moft proper to be 
 filent as to his wife's gaiety, than to expofe her 
 and himfelf to a tribunal. 
 
 A man muft ftudy to obtain a good and vir- 
 tuous wife, and preferve her fo. It is true, that 
 many people rvill find it very difficult to preferve 
 their wive's goodnefs, and live with them in 
 peace ; but I dare fay, that it will not be dif- 
 ficult to have fuch fuccefs. However, that huf- 
 band, who will preferve his wife's goodnefs, and 
 live happy with her, muft have regard to three 
 things ; firft, to his God fecond, to his wife 
 and thirdly, to himfelf. For a man, if he thinks 
 of the Almighty, he will then moft certainly 
 conduct himfelf well ; and remember, that our 
 Maker has ordered men to be good and plcafant 
 towards thofe gifts of Heaven, Men muft know
 
 that their God has created the female fex of the 
 fame fleih and blood as themfelves, and he has 
 given, in his bounty, beauty and gracefulnefs to 
 the females, on purpofe to provide them pleafant 
 companions to pafs their days in happinefs, and in 
 the hope of having iflue. The hufband Ihould 
 praife and thank God for it, having received from 
 him a companion, and he fhould befeech his 
 Maker to grant him peace and happinefs to live 
 with his wife. Men muft confider that the fe- 
 male fex are of a more tender texture and feeble 
 judgment than the males; for thisreafon a woman 
 muft be in want of a good and prudent hufband 's 
 advice, and he being lawfully united to her, may 
 enjoy her without injuries to himfelf, or others ; 
 yet he muft reflect, that he may grow infirm, and 
 meet with other misfortunes, by which he might 
 be abandoned by all, except his wife, who will 
 be always his beft friend in his misfortunes, and 
 he will enjoy the opprtunity to converfe fami- 
 liarly with her of his troubles and pleafures ; 
 moreover he ~ will alfo enjoy the terreft rial hap- 
 pinefs of leaving the fruit of marriage to pof- 
 terity. A man muft think of all thefe things, in 
 the lame manner as if he were going into a far 
 country, and before he leaves his family he fhould 
 fettle all his affairs and put them into good order. 
 A hulband muft be efteemed by his family accord- 
 ing to his right, and as head of it ihould be guarded 
 again ft too much familaiity with his wife, as he will 
 lower himfelf in the efteem of his family, fhould ftie 
 wear the breeches, but muft keep up his dignity, 
 leaving her the right which is due to her, (hew- 
 ing that he confiders her the beft friend of hii 
 family ; for if a wife is efteemed by herhufband, 
 then Ihe will of courfe do her beft to honor him, 
 and both will be efteemed by every body : more- 
 over, he Ihould leave to his wife the employment
 
 Vhich is adapted to hei* fex, of governing the 
 affairs of her family, that Ihe may never be dif- 
 pleafed with him. 
 
 We may compare hufband and wife to a 
 prince and his fubjecls, who will perhaps dif- 
 charge any one of them from an important 
 office for fome trifling fault, and give it to one 
 lefs worthy than the firft, for having heard fome 
 falfe report, from fome envious and iH -minded 
 perfon, or for fome other incontinent thing, by 
 which princes are fometimes ruined. A huf- 
 band fliould fettle his wife's fortune, in fuch a 
 manner as to avoid all kind of difputes. There 
 was a cuftom among the ancient Romi'.ir on the 
 wife going to the hufband's houfe, to llr to him, 
 "My dear, here I am, your companion, and i lhall 
 be miftrefs of your property, as you lhall be of 
 mine." According to the laws of Romulus, firft 
 king and founder of Rome, in that city was an 
 infcription, which contained the following words: 
 ff A woman lawfully married to her hufband is 
 his companion, and both fhould be called mafters 
 of their family without any exception." Ariftotle 
 faid ; " If hufband and wife govern their affairs 
 mutually, fuch government is called ariftocracy, 
 that is to fay the government of the beft citizens ; 
 but if a hulband governs only himfelf, this 
 government is called oligarcbia y that is to fay 
 where there are very few people, who undertake 
 to govern.", Notwithstanding I do not mean, by 
 my reafoning, that a hufband ihould give all the 
 employments of the family to his wife, but only 
 the direction of the domeltic concerns of it ;- be- 
 caufe if me were to perform all, then would Ihe 
 be a flave and not a wife, as it would not be 
 right for a king to give thecommiffion of a captain 
 to a gentleman, and then order him to do the 
 duty of a common foldier. The king of Perfia
 
 looked on all his fubjects as flaves, except his wife, 
 whilft he ordered her to do things only adapted 
 to -her dignity. Plutarch faid, the Roman fe- 
 jrnales were fervants to their hufbands in every 
 thing, except cooking and grinding, for they 
 reputed thole employments too bale fora wife. 
 
 A man fliould not be too inquifitive about his 
 family affairs, or if he is, he will be abhorred by 
 every one. People may wonder liow a man can 
 attend to the government of a republic, if he 
 wants to know how much time is required to 
 make a fhirt, how many eggs had been laid by 
 the hens, and how many flitches had been put in- 
 to a Hocking by the maid fervant ; fitch a hufband 
 may be called effeminate, as his wife will be con- 
 ftantly molefted by his intermeddling, and Ihe 
 will think, that inftead of being married to a 
 man, fhe has, to her forrow, got a difagreeable 
 companion. If a hulband conducts himfelf like 
 a man, his wife of courfe will follow his example 
 as a woman. In this manner the affairs of the 
 family will be conducted by hufband and wife in 
 the belt order, as we may compare them to the 
 celeftial planets, which never vary their compafs, 
 notwithftanding one moves quicker than another. 
 The inferior planets are tranfported by the fu- 
 periors, and with fuch order harmony is eflab- 
 lilhed, in this plan the world itfelf is upheld ; fo 
 if fuch harmony is between hufband and wife> 
 they find themfelves both happy. 
 
 A man, who marries a young perfon, ought to 
 confider that fhe has been kept clofe by her 
 parents, chiefly in their houfe, that fhe cannot be 
 fuppofed to be vicious, not having had an oppor- 
 tunity to converfe with many people ; and if fhe 
 becomes ill-difpofed after her marriage, it is 
 generally the fault of her hufbind, who is not 
 prudent enough to direct her ; therefore we will
 
 know how much influence company has to irn- 
 prefs vice or virtue into a weax i^'ud. i hough a 
 young perfon nas the feeds pi ibme vice by nature, 
 yet ir her mind had not been well formed and 
 impreHed before her marridge, thole feeds \vili be 
 fo weak that they may be eradicated by feeing 
 others act well and prudently \\ e frequently 
 fee children, who are inclined to cruelty, taking 
 a great deal of pleafure, as foon as they can catch 
 flies to kill them, but if children are coriected 
 by their parents, they inftantly reflect upon the 
 evil they have done, and leave otf their cruelty. 
 This fhews us, that if children were not well in- 
 ilrucled by their parents, they foon become more 
 cruel than wild beafts. 
 
 Our nature is fo tender, and inclined to imi- 
 tation, that what we fee in others, and more in 
 thofe who are older and more efteemec 1 by us, 
 let it be vice or virtue, makes an impreffion on, 
 our minds. The friends of Plato withdrew their 
 backs in the fame manner as he did, and they 
 imitated him not only with their bodies, but in 
 their minds alfo, by learning his doctrine. The 
 pupils of Ariftotle not only learned from him 
 the wonderful fecrets of terreftrial things, but 
 alfo Hammered as he did, imitating their maften. 
 The courtiers and captains of Alexander the 
 Great, not only learned from him the art of war, 
 but alfo imitated him by carrying their necks 
 crooked. However, I fay again, if fome vice is 
 to be found in a wife, the hufband mtift endeavour 
 to extricate her from it, by correcting her faults 
 by the example of his good behaviour. If a man 
 is head of a family, he muft Lkewife conduct 
 himfelf fo well, that (he might be able to learn 
 from him to live prudently. It is a great folly 
 for a perfon to expect faithfulnefs and chaftity 
 from another, when he is at the fame time un-
 
 faithful and unchafte himfelf. Richard lord 
 Grofvenor accufed his wife, Henrietta, lady Grof- 
 venor, for adultery, when he at the fame time 
 had an intrigue with a lady of loofe manners, 
 called Charlotte Gwinne, at the houfe in Rifling's 
 Place, near Pall-Mall, London ; and he being 
 not only fatisfied with his co'ineclion with the 
 
 laid Charlotte Gwinne, in converfation with 
 
 John, Efq. and other friends, owned and acknow- 
 ledged his criminal intercourie with the above 
 Charlotte Gwynne. However, thofe who accufe 
 others, fhould themfelves be innocent. Homer, 
 though he had induced the ancient princes to 
 fleep with women, notwithstanding he never told 
 that Meneiaus had been connected with one, be- 
 caufe he being the firft to propcfe war, it was not 
 neceilliry, that he ihould do the fame crime, for 
 which he accufed Helen his wife ; neither could 
 he have any claim upon her, as he himfelf co- 
 habited with another woman. 
 
 Married men often frequent unchafte women, 
 as if they could not entertain themielves at home 
 in their own houfes ; and generally vifit horrid 
 and ugly concubines, leaving their virtuous and 
 beautiful wives at home, ordering them to be 
 chaite and wife. The Rev. James Altham, vicar 
 of St. Olave Jewry, and rector of St. Martin, 
 Iron monger- lane, fpeaking of his amours in pub- 
 lic company, laid, he was of a very warm con- 
 iiitution, and had been concerned with fifty Wo- 
 men in the parilh of Harlow, in Effex ; and con- 
 felTcd it to his wife, Suianna Altham, fonnerly 
 Parkhurft. The proceedings of this gentleman, 
 indeed, had been a good example for his wife, if 
 Ihe had not been a good woman, who always fol- 
 lowed the paths of virtue. We have another 
 ir.france in Sir Matthew White Ridley, who had 
 a large family of children by his amiable wife*
 
 When this gentleman was mayor of Newcaftle, 
 he gave Mr. William Bromel, a furgeon of New- 
 caftle, a place under 'him, and put him near his 
 perfon. All this was done, to take the advantage 
 of that fituation, to rob the unfortunate William 
 Bromel of his peace of mind, and of that which 
 \vas moil dear an4 valuable to him, after he had 
 been married to his lady eight or ten years, and 
 had a daughter by her. Sir Matthew White Rid- 
 ley was not only a married gentleman, but was 
 chief magiftrate of Newcaftle at the time this in- 
 jury \vas committed. He was alfo its reprcfenta- 
 tive in parliament, when he difgraced all thefe 
 iituations by defcending to commit a crime, 
 which became a fubjecl: of indignation-. John 
 Hart, Efq. alderman of London, one evening 
 having found at his houfe Mrs. Hart's fifter, with 
 her hulband ; as foon as they were gone flew 
 into a violent paffion, and befides abuiing Mrs. 
 Hart very much, proceeded to lay violent hands 
 on her, and attempted to ftrangle her ; and beat 
 her body with, his cane, until me fell on her 
 knees, and befought him to ceafe his cruelties. 
 He then obliged her to continue kneeling, and 
 in that pofture compelled her to fwear, fhe would 
 never admit her father, mother, or any other of 
 her relations into his houfe , and that fhe would 
 not at any time vifit either of them ; and by 
 means of fuch-ill "treatment, the body and limbs 
 of Mrs. Hart were much bruifed. This hero at 
 the fame time kept Anne Hickman, with whom 
 he was more afFcclioned thari with his virtuous 
 and prudent wife. Platitianus, in the time of 
 Severus, a man of great wealth, never fullered 
 his wife to be feen by any body, though he fre- 
 quented bad houfes, and kept the company of 
 unchafte women. We know how imperious thefe 
 gentlemen were, to pretend that their wivea
 
 fhould be chafte, \vhile they themfelves were to j 
 tally lafcivious- If a perfon goes amongft rob^ 
 bers, he will undoubtedly learn the art of fteal- 
 ing ; fo a woman living with a vicious hufband, 
 will of courfe learn his licentious cuftoms, like 
 lajy Grofvcnor, who was generally efteemed by 
 and amongit her neighbours, friends, acquaint- 
 ance, and others. The faid lady Grofvenor was 
 a perfon of a fober, chafte, and virtuous life and 
 converfation ; and one who would not have bro- 
 ken her marriage vow, if her hufband had behaved 
 to her with true love and affection, and had not 
 held criminal intercourfe with divers ftrahge wo- 
 men. In former times, in many parts of the 
 univerle, it was a general opinion, that it was the 
 fault of a hulband, if his wife were caught in 
 adultery; fo the huibands were punifhed for the 
 adultery of their wives. In the city of Mantua, 
 in Lombardy, it was a cuftom, when a woman 
 was found imchafle, for the people to call her 
 
 hufband a c ; and for his punifhrnent, he 
 
 was obliged to ride on an afs's back, with his 
 face towards the back of the animal, holding his 
 tail with his hands. In this manner his wife con- 
 ducted him on the afs, with a rope in he'r hand, 
 into all the ftreets of the city by the found of a 
 trumpet and drum ; and the hufband was ob- 
 liged to cry out as follows : " Whoever a<5ts as I 
 have, fhall receive the fame punifhment/' Cato 
 Cenforinus faid, a man fhould be puniflied for 
 fuch a crime, and his wife abfolved, who ought 
 to be excufed for her incoaftancy and feeblenefs; 
 but our prefent laws are rnuch better eftablifhed 
 againft fuch crimes, by punifliing both Jiuf- 
 band and wife, as adultery is a crime fo very 
 pernicious to human fociety. The people of 
 Lepers, in Arcadia, conducted the adulte- 
 rers through every part of the city, and they.
 
 obliged the adulterous women to Hand up in 
 a Ihift in Ibme public place for the fpace of ele- 
 ven days. The people of Candia put a garland 
 of wool on the adulterer's head, as a mark of 
 contempt ; and they obliged the adulterer befide 
 to pay ibme money, as a tine for the crime ; after 
 this, he could be no longer a member of the re- 
 public. King Seleucus decreed that the adul- 
 terers of Locrefi fhould be marked upon the 
 forehead with a hot iron. In Ihort, adultery is 
 a crime that Ihould be punifhed with feverity, be- 
 caufe it generally deprives a man of honefty and 
 honour. According to the Poet's writings, 
 Mars was always victorious, until he was found 
 in adultery with Venus ; and being found out, 
 was tied up in an iron net by Veiuis's cripple 
 huiband ; afterwards the poor adulterer was 
 mocked by all the gods. No crime can more 
 exafperate a chaite wife, than the in fidelity (of 
 her huiband. If a man is affecled with grief 
 for his wife's difhonefty, why fhould he not con- 
 fider, that his wife may not be affected in the 
 fame manner, who has paflions as well as him- 
 felf ? A chafte wife will fuffer almoft every vice 
 , of her huiband except infidelity. When a wo- 
 man becomes acquainted with the diihoneft life 
 of her partner, fhe then becomes enraged, and 
 does her beft to vindicate herfelf ; and frequently 
 furiouily commits all forts of crimes. When 
 women are offended at their hufbands or rela- 
 tions, they then have no more regard for men ; 
 and in the molt refolute way, think only to vin- 
 dicate themfelves, by ruining and cutting 3 their of- 
 fenders to pieces ; all this they do without think- 
 ing that they ruin themfelves at the fame time ; 
 as happened to a niece of Major Hook. Major 
 Hook was a married man, and had three 
 children by his wife. This gentleman being one
 
 night in feme degree of anger with his niece, 
 flood over her and faid, " x You ; bad, you bad, 
 
 you worit of " To which {he replied, 
 
 " I confefs I am bad, but I am bad only to you ; 
 you, who ought, to have been my proteclor, 
 guardian and friend, have been the utter ruin 
 and definition of myfelf and family as long as 
 I live. Oh! myhuiband! my dear -hu {band!" No 
 feeling mind, whether male or female, can fcarcely 
 refrain from pitying Mrs. Harriot Campbell, at 
 this awful period of her amour ; and though it is 
 perhaps impofiible that (he Ihould ever more regain 
 a tranquil ftate of mind, flie may yet receive 
 fome confolation in the almoft certain hope, 
 that the example of her fatal indifcretions will 
 operate moft powerfully on the minds of all fin- 
 gle females. Wl>ile her ftory lives, and an uncle 
 dares make the fmalleft criminal advance to his 
 niece, we truft that fhe would fpurn him with 
 marked and inflexible indignation ; that flie 
 xvould not from delicacy fpare the viper, but in- 
 ftantly hold him up to the execration of every 
 one within the circle of his acquaintance, for 
 having conceived the abominable purpofe of 
 fubverting his own niece. 
 
 A woman has no more religion when fhe be- 
 comes jealous, according to the Poets, who faid, 
 the women of Thessalia were fo furiouily jealous 
 of Siciliana Laida, (who was the handfomeft wo- 
 man in that country) that they dragged along 
 the ground and killed this poor unfortunate 
 perfon in the temple of Venus; for which crime 
 the angry goddefs never defifted ravaging that 
 city with the plague, until thofe citizens built a 
 temple, which was called the temple of the im- 
 pious Venus, in remembrance of the cruelty of 
 thefc females.
 
 Nothing can reftrain the fury of womens' jca- 
 loufy. The famous Helen, wife of Menelaus, 
 gives us n dreadful exam pie of it. Helen having 
 lost her hulband, and being purfued by Nico- 
 ftratiib and "Megapentes, ions of Oreftes, went dif- 
 comforted to T '.ody, on purpofc to fee her dear 
 friend PoHr.ena, wife of Tiepolemus, who dif- 
 folved the friend/hip of her friend, not for vin- 
 dicating her hufband's lolles at Troy, but for 
 having been jealous of Helen's beauty ; in con- 
 fequence of which, at the time flie was bathing, 
 Poiixcna ordered her maid fervants to lake and 
 hang this poor unfortunate friend upon a tree, 
 for which a very handfome temple was creeled, 
 and dedicated to Venus Arbufcula. Then the 
 barbarian princefs induced all the Grecians to go 
 to v. ar ; and for the fpace of ten years, the Hec- 
 tors and Achilles gave proof of their valour by 
 fighting- for her, and that woman, who was fo 
 much offended, was'at Jail kindly accepted by him. 
 The jealous Prifca-did not care for her country, 
 becaufe Ihe left her hufband Cadmus, who had co- 
 habited with Armonia, his fecond wife ; for this 
 ingratitude, Prifca induced many people to go to 
 war sgainit her huiband and her country, Se- 
 . veral jealous women have killed their hulbands, 
 who they loved very much : we have an example 
 in Theba, wife of Alexander Tereus ; Ariinoe, 
 \vife of, Demetrius, fon of Antigonus ; Cleopa- 
 tra, wife of Nicator ; Lucilla, confort of the 
 emperor Anthony, who had an intrigue with 
 Fabia ; and many others, all of whom were fo 
 "5 tranfported by jealoufy, that they had no re- 
 gard for men, nor for laws. Leucadia, wife or 
 the fecond king Antiochus, who poiibned her 
 hufband, and Berenice, fecond wife of Antiochus, 
 for jcalouiy, though at that.time it was permitted 
 \)y law, for a man to have two wives.
 
 Jealous women do not think much of their 
 own honour, neither do they love any longer 
 that chaiuty, which at firft tney wifhed in others. 
 Clytemneftra, wife of Agamemnon, gave orders 
 not only to kill her hufoand, becaufe he courted 
 Brifcida; and after his death, fhe put herfelf total- 
 ly into the power of Egiflus, the murderer of 
 Agamemnon. It appears that all forts of cruelties 
 are permitted to jealous women. We have an 
 inftance in Dirce, wife of Lycus, king of 
 Thebes, being jealous of Antiopa, fhe ordered 
 her rival to be carried upon the neck of a fu- 
 rious bull. When a wife is feized with jealoufy, 
 (lie does not value her property nor her life. 
 Apuleius informs us, that a country woman for 
 jealoufy one day fet fire to her hufband's pro- 
 perty, and then threw herfelf into a well. The 
 females of the ifland of Lemnos in one night 
 killed all the men, who had conducted the fe- 
 male prifoners into their country during the 
 war. 1 have made this, digreflion of angered 
 women affected by jealoufy, on purpofe to fhew, 
 that a man ought not by his bad conduit to put 
 himfelf in any danger, if he does not wifh to 
 fuffer any irreparable damage from his wife. I 
 do not mean to affirm that all women are of 
 the fame temper and difpofition, for there are 
 many, who allow their hufbands to cohabit with 
 other females, as we may fee 'by the following 
 example. Peter of Colofonia being married to 
 Bachide Lamia, at the fame time courted Plan- 
 
 fona Milefia; who to diftur-b the peace between 
 'eter and his wife, refufed to accept him as a 
 lover, faying, if Peter would not make her 'a 
 prefent of Bachide's beft jewels, Ihe would never 
 confent to his wi flies. Peter being deeply in 
 Jove with Plangona, afked Bachide fervently to 
 grant him a favour, which was to give one of
 
 }ier befl jewels to him, becaufe he wanted to 
 make a prefent of it to Plangona, with whom 
 Jie was in love. Bachide, without any hefitation, 
 gave him the jewel. When Plangona had dif- 
 covered the noble heart of Bacbidc, in having 
 granted fuch a favor to her hufband, ihc returned 
 the jewel to Peter, and confcntcd to his wiihes 
 without afking any favour of him ; after that 
 flie became very intimate with bachide, and at 
 Jength Plangona and Bachide granted their fa- 
 vors to Peter. Mrs. Robinfon was not dif- 
 plenfed with the conduit of her hulband, in 
 vilking ftrange women; and though (lie did not 
 live with him, they continued on friendly 
 terms, and always 1 poke to each other, when 
 they met; fhe condemned him only for extra- 
 vagance, faying, that he drew her purfe-ftrings 
 too often, but as he Wi.s her hulband, flie could 
 not refufe him. The prince, fhe laid, had made 
 a point of it with her, that ihe never fhould 
 fee him, and as he loved her to the greateft 
 degree, (he could not refufe a compliance with 
 his wifhes. However, "Mrs. Robinfon being 
 a peifon of a noble heart, never refufed the 
 duty of a wife to him, when they met. But 
 let us leave unchafte women, and fpeak of the 
 modcft. 1 fay there have been foveral modeft fe- 
 males, whp were not angry with their unfaithful 
 hufbands, and they willingly fupported theadul- 
 terers, and though they were injured by them, 
 they even helped them, preferring more the public 
 intereft, t 1 , an their own private injuries, like the 
 wives of the ancient Patriarchs, who prefentcd 
 their maid fervants to their hufbands, with a 
 view of having ifiue by thofe good fathers. 
 Stratonica, wife of Dcioarus, gave Eleclra a vir- 
 gin to her hulband, that he might have children 
 by this beautiful young woman, and it really
 
 happened fo, as he had many children by her, and 
 Stratonica loved them as well as if they had been 
 her own* Emilia never took any notice of the 
 amours of her hufband Scipio Africanus, who 
 courted one of his own maid-fervants. This wi- 
 dow, after her hufband's death, fet her maid-fer- 
 vant at liberty, giving her a decent fortune with 
 a hufband ; but this fort of liberty is more de- 
 trimental than beneficial to the human race ; fo 
 a hufband fhould not take any advantage of his 
 wife's goodnefs, neither give her occafion to learn 
 bad principles, but fhould be faithful to her, and 
 do his duty by loving and honouring her, if he 
 would wifli to be honoured and loved by her. 
 
 A man ought not to abandon his wife for any 
 intereft whatibever; but fhould follow the ex- 
 amble of UlyfTes, who chofe rather to return to 
 his wife, tha.n to live immortal with the nymphs. 
 If a hufband acts in the manner UlyfTes did, he 
 will then obtain the love of his confort. The 
 fure method of gaining the affection of others, 
 is to love them with fincerity ourfelves. Indeed 
 nature does not permit a perfon to be long loved 
 by others, if we do not in return love them alfo ; 
 and the recompence of love, is nothing but love 
 hfelf, which is the merchandife and reward of 
 it. Love may be compared to a light, which 
 gives light to both fexes at the fame time ; and 
 for this reafon the painters painted Apollo, and 
 Cupid, one gives light to the body, and the other 
 to the mind; and thus with bows and arrows, 
 thefe two deities with their inftruments wound 
 different parts at the fame time, and fhoot their 
 darts to any diftance- However, if a man wifhes 
 to have a chafte, and good wife, it will be necefTary 
 he (hould be chafte and good alfo ; if he fincerely 
 loves his wife, it will induce him to be prudent 
 in all his domeftic affairs; and though his wife 
 fliould be wandering and gay, he ought neither
 
 to fhew himfelf a j'ealous nor fufpicious guar- 
 dian of her virtue, as happened to William Gooch, 
 Efq. who ordered his wife to go out of Eng- 
 land. The fadb is this Mrs. Gooch hav- 
 ing a mufic-mafter called Rauzzini, who at- 
 tended her about fix weeks. Being one night at 
 the rooms, he gave her a paper, which fhe con- 
 ceived to be a bill of the evening's entertainment, 
 and fhewed it as fuch to a lady (the Honourable 
 Mrs. Blake) with whom fhe was walking. They 
 perceived it to be in writing and in French. The 
 purport of it was exactly as follows : " Mr. Rauz- 
 " zini could not attend Mrs. Gooch to-morrow 
 " morning, as he is obliged to go a few miles 
 tf out of town; but he will return in the even- 
 <c ing, and go to the rooms purpofely for the 
 " pleafure of feeing here there." This was no- 
 thing more than the ufual French ftyle. As foon 
 as Mr. Gooch had got pofleflion of the paper, he 
 fent an open card to Mrs Gooch, and made it 
 public all over Bath, containing the following 
 words : ff An unfortunate affair having happened 
 se in Sir Thomas Gooch's family, the concert to 
 < be held there on Saturday next is unavoidably 
 tf poftponed." In refpect to this affair every body 
 in Bath were deprived of that diverfion, in the 
 fame manner as when King George the Second 
 died, when all public places were fhut up. Mrs. 
 Gooch, in her appeal to the public, exprefied as 
 follows : " The charge made upon me is infamous; 
 " as it has for ever ruined two innocent perlbns, 
 * c plunged into eternal forrow a hitherto happy fa- 
 <f mily : and which, as there could be no reafon- 
 c< able grounds, could end only in deflruclion to 
 " the one parry, and in forrow and regret to the 
 " other." 
 
 Fear of jealoufy is the word of all evils to ma- 
 trimonial happinefs. If a woman is inclined to
 
 be bad, the walls of a pFifon will not alter or 
 mend her difpofition. Danae, daughter of Acn- 
 fius, king of the Argives, was confined in a great 
 tower, in a chamber under ground, which was 
 lined with metals ; and although Ihe was there 
 confined and furrounded by locks and ftones, fhe 
 notwithftanding became mother of a child. The 
 fhepherd Argus could not with his hundred eyes 
 defend himfelf againft Jupiter, who dole from him 
 and ravifhed lo, Ihe being then under the care of 
 Argus. --The Emprefs Meiralina deceived not only 
 thofe who were fet to watch her perfon, but her 
 hufband Claudius alfo, and Ihe even ufed her 
 hufband's authority in fatisfying her wiihes. Mef- 
 falina entered into conversation one day with a 
 comedian, who was called Meneftero, Ihe de- 
 clared her pafiion to him, but he declined to fa- 
 tisfy her wifhes. Meflalina feeing Meneftero could 
 not be conquered by her propofils, went and com- 
 plained to her hufband, faying, that fhe could not 
 be obeyed by Meneftero, regard ing fomeimportant 
 bufinefs, as he was the only perfon who could 
 afiift her. The unfortunate confort ordered Me- 
 neftero to obey MelTalina in every thing that fhe 
 could wifh without hefitation. Meneftero, think- 
 ing that Claudius was acquainted with the bufi- 
 nefs, confented to Meffalina's requeft. This ex- 
 ample will Ihew us, that, when a woman is in- 
 clined to be bad, nothing will prevent her from 
 attaining her wifhes. So, on the contrary, if a 
 woman is chafte, Ihe will never want a guard for 
 her virtue ; and though-furrounded by all kinds of 
 dangers, Heaven will preferve her chaftity. Ulyf- 
 fes at one time was diftant from his country, and 
 Penelope his wife faithfully preferved her matri- 
 monial chaftity to him, notwithftanding (he was 
 purfued by feveral feducers. A prudent and mo- 
 derate hufband will acl according to the times and
 
 cuftoms of the country, and difpofition of his wife; 
 if he has any fufpicion of her mifconduct, he 
 fhould in the moft amicable manner advife her, 
 and ufe his beft endeavours to extricate her by de- 
 grees from thofe vices which fhe is fo prone to. 
 Captain Seftorius had a method to correct and 
 inftruct his foldiers without reproaching them. 
 He therefore ordered one of them, who was ftout 
 and robuft, to pull off the hairs of a fat horfe's 
 tail, and defircd the other foldier, who was feeble 
 and lean, to do the fame to a lean horfc, promifmg 
 to reward him who fhould firft pull off the horfe's 
 hair. The robuft man trufting too much to his 
 ftrength, began with great hafte to pull off the 
 hair, and taking as much in his hand as he could 
 hold, made little progrefs. The other feeble fol- 
 dier with coolnefs pulled off hair by hair, and in a 
 fhort time finifhed his bufinefs without difcom- 
 pofing himfelf, and with little trouble gained the 
 reward. This may inftruct us, that patience and 
 dexterity fucceed better than fury in executing en- 
 terprifes with fuccefs. A man ought not to affront 
 his wife, neither ufe licentious language to her; 
 nor fhould he require her to uncover any part of 
 her body in the pretence of others. The emperor 
 Caius, called Caligufo, often fhewed Celbnia his 
 wife naked to feveral of his friends, although fhe 
 was neither handfome nor young. Very likely peo- 
 ple may imagine that a hulband is permitted to jeft 
 with his wife; but I will maintain that fcandalous 
 and improper jefts are unfit for matrimonial hap- 
 pinefs, as happened to Mr. Duberly, an army 
 contractor, who married Mifs Howard, a young 
 lady of fome fortune. The marriage was folely 
 of inclination and affection. It was at firft oppofed 
 by the mother of the young lady ; but feeing that 
 the happinefs of her daughter, was materially con- 
 cerned, her confent was at laft obtained. Mr
 
 Duberly after having lived with his wife fome 
 years, then began tojeft improperly with her, as 
 we may obferve by the following declaration of 
 a flrange fervant, and one of his own. Elizabeth 
 Hurft, being in company with gentlemen and la- 
 dies, declared that Mr. and Mrs. Duberly, ge- 
 neral Gunning, and Mrs. Gardner, were in the 
 drawing room one night from feven till ten o'clock 
 without candles, and after the gentlemen and la- 
 dies had left the room, Elizabeth Hurft entered 
 it, and fcund the green cloth on the floor was 
 drawn up in heaps and covered with powder. The 
 fopha was removed out of its place on moving 
 it, fhe picked up one of Mrs .Gardner's ear-rings ; 
 fhe alfo faid, Mr. and Mrs. Duberly, General 
 Gunning, and Mrs. Gardner frequently amufed 
 themfelves at blindman's-buff, and played very 
 improperly in the garden ; and fhe obferved feve- 
 ral times, that Mrs. Duberly often fat on General 
 Gunning's knee, and Mrs. Gardner on the knee 
 of Mr. Duberly. George Murray, one of Gene- 
 ral Gunning's fervants, faid, in the prefence of fe- 
 yeral gentlemen, that he one afternoon carried 
 the tea into the parlour at Mr. Duberly's j and he 
 obferved that Mrs. Duberly was fitting on General 
 Gunning's knee, and Mr. Duberly was fitting on 
 the table, and Mrs. Gardner on a chair with 
 Mr. Duberly's legs acrofs her lap. In confe- 
 quence of this, their matrimonial happinefs at 
 laft ended in tears anddifdain. There have beenhuf- 
 bands who haye in aj efting manner given difhoneft 
 names to their wives, and have even fhewed their 
 perfons naked to others with much difadvantage 
 to themfelves. This crime appears unpardonable 
 to a chafte woman, and it is fuch an offence, that 
 many inconveniences may arife from it; when a 
 woman happens to be fo treated by her hufband, 
 then fhe will naturally wifh for vengeance againft
 
 him for fuch ill treatment. We have an inftance 
 in Candaules's wife, who feeing his wife afleep, 
 uncovered and fhcwed her body totally naked to 
 Giges hisfervant. The offend^ wife was fo vexed 
 and enraged with her hufban J for this licentious 
 aclion, that fhe ordered a perfon to kill him ; af- 
 terward fhe married Giges, faying, that it was fuch 
 an offence againft nature for the fex's virtue to be 
 expofed naked to any body. Another cafe hap- 
 pened to an Englifti gentleman called Sir Richard 
 Worfley, who likewife fhewed his naked wife to 
 his friend captain Biffet, whilft fhe was bathing ; 
 and her hufband permitted his friend to get upon 
 his fhoulders, that he might fee the naked lady 
 more commodiouily. Sir Richard Worfley's wife 
 having been offended at her hufband f T fuch il- 
 liberal treatment, induced her to have him called 
 before a magiftrate, and branded with the name 
 of a C Chafte and prudent women arc 
 
 highly offended at being feen naked by any one. 
 Many females fo abhorred this difgraceful treat- 
 ment to their fex, that they defired their friends 
 to cover their bodies when they were about to 
 expire. Micca, daughter of the king Ariftodemui, 
 befought Megifton to cover her body as foon as fhe 
 died. 'Olympia, mother of Alexander, went and 
 courageoufly met the foldiers, who were fent by 
 the impious Caffandrus on purpofe to kill this 
 unfortunate lady, who fupported her fate with in- 
 trepidity, and fhe covered her own body with her 
 gown and her hair, a little while before fhe died. 
 Polixena, daughter of king Priamus, having been 
 facrificed at the tomb of Achilles, alfo covered 
 her body before receiving the fatal ftroke. A 
 Roman virgin named Cornelia covered her body 
 likewife with her own vefture before fhe was buried 
 alive. Expofures of our naked bodies are fuch 
 2 difgrace to human nature and to the feelings
 
 of men as well as women, that the moft depraved 
 of the human race muft abhor fuch a<5b.- It is 
 very well known, how much our fore-fatkers 
 were afhamed to be feen naked. UlyfTes at the 
 time he landed, being naked, inftantly covered his 
 body with the 1 aves of a tree. Modefty is every 
 where accepted by magnanimous hearts. The 
 virgins of Milefia were fo much infected by a kind 
 of phrenzy, for fear of having their bodies expofed 
 naked, that they took the defperate refolution of 
 killing themfelves, and there were many of them 
 found hanged, for fear they ihould be carried 
 naked into public places. Therefore, if chafte 
 women are fo careful of their modefty after their 
 death, there is no doubt but that they are much 
 afhamed to have their bodies nakedly expofed to 
 view wh^n living. 
 
 A hufband fhould be refpectful and modeft to- 
 wards his wire, and he fliould approach her with 
 polite manners and fincere affection ; nor fhould 
 lafcivious aclions be expofed to the public. Ho- 
 mer faid, Juno did not chufe to be carefled by 
 her hufband on the mountain Ida; but in a re- 
 mote place, where fhe could not be obferved. 
 Marcus Manilius was expelled from the fcnate 
 for having given a kifs to his wife in the prefence 
 of his daughter. I do not fay it is proper in a 
 hufband to leave his wife always alone, neither 
 will it be proper to be conitamly near her, as it 
 would appear unmanly in a man to be always in 
 his wife's company; and to be entirely abfent from 
 her would make it a heinous crime. However it 
 would be n.ceifcry that both fhould mutually 
 aflilt each other in their domeflic affairs. For 
 fhould it happen that the hufband grows infirm, 
 or is abftnt from his family, then his wife fhould 
 govern their affairs and undertake the bufmefs 
 upon herfelf.
 
 Hufbands Ihould never reject the advice of 
 chafte and prudent women. Many men have 
 afked advice of their wives in matters of great 
 confequence, and have been fuccefsful. Ninus, 
 king of Afiyria, always confulted the valorous 
 Semiramis his wife in all his important affairs. 
 Numa Pompilius, fecond king of the Romans, al- 
 ways afked the advice of the nymph Egeria con- 
 cerning the affairs of the republic. Lucomenes, 
 fon to Demeratus of Corinth, fet off from Tarqui- 
 nia and went to Rome, and afcended to the throne 
 by the name of Tarquinius, and this he did by the 
 good advice of his wife Tanaquilla. The king of 
 Cyrus was never difpleafed for having followed the 
 advice of Afpafia his wife, and Juitinianus never 
 figned any paper without the confent of his wife 
 Theodora. By the good advice of women to their 
 hufbands, many countries and families have been 
 releafed and freed from evils. The famous Dido, 
 daughter of the king of Tyrus, and fitter of Pyg- 
 malion, after her father's death, married Sicheus/- 
 minifter of Hercules. Pygmalion being informed 
 of the immenfe riches of his brother-in-law, or- 
 dered fome of his confidants fecretly to kill Si- 
 cheus, with an intention to gain all his fortune. 
 Dido afflicted by her hufband's misfortune, and 
 abhorring her brother for his cruelty and avarice, 
 fent a meflage to Pygmalion,, (feigning ignorance 
 of his barbarity) defiring; him to order a Ihip to 
 fetch her, as fhe was willing to go and live with 
 him, making him believe, fhe could not (lay in 
 her owji country without his company. Pygma- 
 lion without Irefitation fent a (hip for her, hoping 
 to poiTefs all her fortune. Dido fecretly ordered 
 fome of her people to carry feveral bags full of 
 fand on board the fhip, and all her treafures; then 
 fhe fet off with her brother's confidants. As foon as 
 fhe was out at Tea, fhe ordered her fervants to throw 
 her treafures into the fea, after that fhe faid cry-
 
 ing, " My dear Sicheus take that treafure, which has 
 been the caufe of your death;" then Ihe turned to 
 the people, and addrefling herfelf to them, faid, 
 <c I know very well I muft die, but I am ready to 
 meet death, and have defired it long ago, but I 
 know you will furFer a cruel punilhment, when 
 your king fhall be acquainted that you have 
 thrown into the fea that treafure, on account of 
 which he caufed my dear and amiable hufband to 
 be killed." The people terrified by Dido's dif- 
 courie, befought her to go with them into fome 
 remote place. Dido confented inflantly to this 
 propofal, and they all went dire6tly to the ifland 
 of Cyprus. This is a fingular and noble a6tion 
 of a female very much to be admired ; for whilft 
 Ihe deceived her avaricious brother, fhe revenged 
 herfelf for the death of her hufband : by this 
 means flic had the merit of extricating Pygmalion's 
 iubjrscis from punifhment. Dido being out of her 
 brother's power, buiit that famous city called 
 Carthage. Titus Vinius, at the time of the horrid 
 confpiracy at Rome, was condemned to death by 
 Auguftus. Tanufia, wife of Vinius, being ac- 
 quainted with the fentence, put him into a mum- 
 my, and fent it to Philomenes, afterwards pro- 
 tefting before the judges, that her hufband was 
 dead. It happened that Auguftus going one day 
 to the theatre to fee a play ; Tanufia, with the 
 help of O&avh, fifter of Auguftus, fent a falfe 
 imeflage to Lepidus and Anthony, not to go. to the 
 theatre to perform. On account of their abfence, 
 Auguftus could not fee the play reprefented. 
 The piteous deceit was then difcovered; after this 
 Tanufia took her hufband out of the mummy, and 
 implored Auguftus to pardon Titus. Vmius's crime. 
 Auguftus initantly ordered Tanufia's hufband to 
 be let at liberty. This bold aclion was performed 
 by an intrepid woman, who knew very well, that
 
 a decree had patted the fcnate, that whofoever 
 would conceal a culprit fhould fuffer death ; al- 
 though ihe was acquainted with this decree, her 
 courage and affection towards her hufband made 
 her difregard it. 
 
 The famous city of Aquileia being befieged by 
 the tremendous Attilla, King of the Scythians, for 
 having flackened the firings of the foldiers bows, 
 the city would have been taken by the enemy, if 
 there had not been women, who propofed to cut 
 off their hair to ferve as firings to their bows. 
 The fame circumftance alfo happened at the time 
 their city was furrounded by the impious Emperor 
 Mafiiminus, and in defence of their capital againft 
 the French, afterwards in remembrance of thofe 
 women, a temple was erected and dedicated to 
 bald Venus. Women fometimes may turn the 
 minds of their unjuft hufbands, with much advan- 
 tage to a Republic; and to the univerfe, if their 
 opinions were adopted by men. Auguftus Csefar 
 the Great found more benefit from the advice of 
 Livia his confort, than from all his council and 
 forces, when furrounded by the confpirators of the 
 Republic lefTened their number more by fentencing 
 them to death, than if he had intirely left them to 
 their own will. Livia feeing Auguftus every day 
 pronouncing fentence of death againft fo many 
 people, and being furprifed to obferve him fo full 
 of grief, and fighs, fpoke to him thus Cf I do not 
 wonder Auguftus that you Ihould live fo much 
 danger, for a prince that cannot govern his fub- 
 jects, and make his people happy, will foon lofe 
 their efteem. Let a prince be as goocl and juft as 
 poflible in governing them, human fane does not 
 always permit him to pleafe all his lubjects, for we 
 find the greateft part of mortals afpiring to riches, 
 and if they cannot attain their defires, they are 
 always duTatisfied with their princes for not pro-
 
 viding them with places in the (late in preference 
 to others, accufing their princes of pretended 
 faults, by which means they contrive to raife 
 confpiracies not only againft their princes, 
 but their country alfo. This vice is common 
 among all their fu-bjects, and much more 
 fo againft thofe who are rich and powerful. This 
 vice is fo deeply imprefifed in their hearts by nature, 
 that it cannot be expelled by advice, by laws, nor 
 by force. However, confidering that in all parts of 
 the imiverfe there are many bad people, it would 
 be better for you to punifh not only thofe, who 
 may offend you; but to redouble your guards for 
 your own fafety, and that of your ftate." Auguftus 
 anfwered his wife as follows, " I know very, well, 
 my dear Livia, that envy always meditates trea- 
 chery and fraud to all great mm, but much more 
 to an empire. This is an incurable malady in 
 princes, for they are frequently more doubtful 
 of their adherents than of their enemies. More 
 princes have been killed by their friends, than by 
 ftrangers, and it is almoft impoffible to avoid it ; 
 becaufe thofe courtiers are near to their prince by 
 day as well as by night, and fee him drefled-and 
 undrefled, and prefent him victuals and drink. A 
 prince againft his declared enemy, may have fuc- 
 cour from fome of his friends, but againft his 
 friends, he can have no help, neither can he chufe 
 from among them, good friends to depend upon ; 
 and the worft .evil (s, that a prince muft punifh 
 thofe traitors. Thig is an al, which a prince does 
 againft his inclination." Livia replied, " I hope 
 you will not think me too bold, if I propofe to 
 give you better advice than any of your beft 
 friends, though they do not want talents or wifdom, 
 notwithfcanding they dare not give you any 
 advice on account of their being your fubje&s " 
 Auguftus was furprifed at Livia's difcourie, then
 
 faid he to her. (c Tell me your opinion," Livia re- 
 plied, " I will fpeak to you freely, as I am con- 
 cerned in your affairs, and a companion in all your 
 enterprifes. I Ihall be Emprefs as long as you live, 
 but after your death, I muft die too. Many 
 perfons are inclined to be bad, and it is 
 difficult for them to fatisfy their willies. Some of 
 them are naturally inclined to bad by the falfe 
 opinion that they have of their goodnels, 
 and others of their birth, and others of their 
 valour, and forces, to which boldnefs is always 
 united, but noblenefs of birth can never turn into 
 bafhfulnefs, and valour into cowardice, nor can 
 prudence be transferred into folly. If you defire 
 vindication by puniihing all thofe who do wrong, 
 it would be found the only way to raife difpleafure 
 and infamy; as it would be a very unjuft thing to 
 deprive the people of their property, and deliroy 
 innocent minds. However, exert your belt en- 
 deavours to conquer your fubjefts by forgiving 
 them. Clemency is much better than cruelty, be- 
 caufe thofe who receive pardon from a prince, not 
 only endeavour to remember him, for his mercy, 
 but honor him, and will never afterwards give him 
 offence. Unappeafable princes are difliked not only 
 by culprits, but by moil of their fubjefts ; who, to 
 avoid damages, will feekfor treachery with an inten- 
 tion to efcape the prince's anger. Dodors cure many 
 diforders with fweet and lenitive medicines, and 
 very feldom ufe inftruments, not to render the evil 
 greater than it was at firft. Infirmities of the mind 
 are not much different from thofe of the body, 
 for though they are without body, they are like the 
 nature of the bodies. Thele evils are reftrained 
 by fear, and inflamed by anger, diminiflied by grief, 
 and fwelled by boldnefs, and cured almoit in the 
 fame manner as thofe of the body. Therefore mu- 
 tiny is reftored by fweet words. On the contrary,
 
 quiet minds are raifed by illiberal words. Par- 
 don may pacify moft ferocious men ; but 
 punifhment exafperates pacific perfons. All 
 violent actions may irritate people's minds. 
 Mortals are induced rather by perfuafions than by 
 force, to undertake great enterprifes. It is a thing 
 fo natural, -that ferocious beads become domeftic 
 and pleafant by carcfles; on the contrary, tame and 
 feeble animals as foon as they are terrified and hurt, 
 become wild and ferocious. However it appears 
 that all culprits fliould not be equally pardoned ; 
 but thofe who are arrogant, mifchievous and mali- 
 cious ; I would advife you to operate upon them 
 in the fame manner as a furgeon operates upon thofe 
 parts of the body, which do not require medicine, 
 but others, who by their youth not having experi- 
 ence of the world, or by ignorance willingly or not, 
 incur fome faults, I would advife you to correct 
 them by menaces, inftead of pronouncing fen- 
 tence of death upon them. You might punifh 
 them, by banifhing feme, and difcharging others 
 from their places j you could fine others for their 
 faults, or confine them in fome diftant place from 
 the city. Many have been cured of their vices, 
 when they obferved their defigns and hopes had 
 been rendered ufelefs. Others have turned good 
 by finding them placed in fome office lefs honoura- 
 ble than they were at firft j for generous and pow- 
 .erful men fear fuch treatment more than death it- 
 felf. In this manner a prince will live in peace 
 without any impeachment. 
 
 Many people think, that you pafs fentence of 
 death upon your fubjecls through vengeance, envy, 
 and avai ice, or fear of their ftrength and power. 
 .The world cannot thmk, that a/ prince fo powerful, 
 as you are, could be hurt by difarmed and private 
 perfons, for feveral of your fjbjecls murmur at 
 your bale conduct, others by* you are inclined to '
 
 truft to falfe accufers. Therefore your fpies hurt 
 their companions, and innocent citizens for the 
 fake of money, or for fome other intereft, accufing 
 them not only of what they have done or propofed 
 to do, but what they heard others fay they intended 
 to do without publifhing it ; or having heard news, 
 on fuch account, they laughed and cryed, or for 
 any other trifling thing, though it might be true, 
 notwithftanding it does not become you to aik any 
 queftion of your free people, or to hear from a 
 falfe fpy any accufation againft his fellow citizen. 
 It is a fhameful thing for a man, and much more 
 for a prince to take notice of. There are many 
 people who complain of having been unjuftly con- 
 demned by a hafty fentence, faying they were ac- 
 cufed by falfe witnefies ; and though fuch a thing 
 might fometimes happen, notwithftanding mod 
 people may think all perfons are condemned in the 
 fame manner j fo you ought not only to be as juft 
 as a private perfon, but as a prince you fhoulii 
 pafs for a juft man to your fubjecls, becaufe you 
 govern men, and not brutes. By this method you 
 will be loved by them, and fhew that you are not 
 difpofed to offend any of your people. It is very 
 eafy to force a man to fear another ; but not fo 
 eafy to make him love him, if he is not flattered by 
 prefents made to him, or to fome of his fellow citi- 
 zens. A man who doubts that others have been, 
 unjuftly condemned, fears to incur the fame fate, 
 and is forced to blame that perfon who had been the 
 caufe of his fellow citizen's death, therefore it is 
 not the intereft of a prince to be difliked by his 
 fubje&s. It is almoft a general opinion among 
 men, that a private perfon ought to refent the inju- 
 ries of others, that he fliould not be opprefled, nor 
 fcorned by any body ; but a prince Ihould only 
 vindicate the injury of the republic, and tolerate 
 thofe which have been privately made to him, be-
 
 caufe a prince cannot be fuppofed to be injured 
 by any of his fubjects, as he is protected by his 
 guards ; fo as I have been informed of all that has 
 pafled, I would advife you not to pronounce fen- 
 tence of death any more upon your fubjects. My 
 dear Auguftus, you know very well that princes 
 were elected on purpofe to take care of the intereft 
 of their fubjects, and to endeavour to maintain 
 peace and tranquillity in their dominions ; and de- 
 fend their people from their enemies. A prince 
 ought to govern his fubjects with good laws, if he 
 would be loved by them ; and fhould endeavour to 
 find fome remedy for curing thofe who are vicious, 
 and let none perifh. It is an excellent maxim in a 
 prince to tolerate the faults of his people ; but if he 
 thinks to punifh every one of his fubjects, who in- 
 cur fome faults, very likely he may injure many of 
 them unintentionally. However, it feems to me, 
 that you fhould not for the future pafs fentence of 
 death upon men for any crime ; but punifh them in 
 fome other way, to prevent their being able to 
 commit any other crimes. What injury can you 
 receive from a banifhed man, or from thole, who 
 are confined in fome fortrefs, without friends or mo- 
 ney ? If your enemies were near us, they could not 
 be helped by any of their friends; or if fome city in 
 Italy were ftirnifhed with arms, which might occa- 
 fion fear, then you could ufe fome other way to 
 punifh them; but now, as all your countries are de- 
 prived of arms, and our enemies are feparated 
 from us by fo many mountains, and different fcas, 
 what fear can you have from private peribns con- 
 fined by your army ? I don't think that they could 
 injure you much ; if they thought fo, very likely they 
 could not fucceed. However, I would propofe to 
 you to pardon thofe people, who have been accufed 
 as traitors, perhaps they will change their minds, 
 and very likely by their gratitude they will induce
 
 others to become good Tub] efts. You fee befide* 
 others, Cornelius, a man of great birth and fame, 
 who might be cured of his errors, if you ufe hu- 
 manity towards him. A fword cannot do every 
 thing, it would be too good an inftrument if it 
 could cure the faults of men, and induce them to 
 become better ; but as a fword can take away a 
 man's life, fo in the fame manner it may take away 
 the life of thofe, who have been the caufe of the 
 death of others. Few men like a vindictive prince, 
 and thofe perfons who receive his pardon, and re- 
 pent of their paft crimes, are afhamed to offend 
 their prince again : they afterwards do their belt en- 
 deavours to obey and honour him, with the hope of 
 receiving future advancement from him. "When 
 an injured perfon pardons the man by whom he 
 has been ill treated, every body will think he ought 
 to be rewarded for his good behaviour. However, 
 my dear confort, be fo good as to change your 
 mind, if you chufe to live happy, for if you were fe- 
 vere towards your fubjects, many will think, you 
 have been obliged to do it out of neceflity. It is 
 impoflible to irritate fo great a city as this without 
 fhedding much blood ; and if you continue to fen- 
 tence fo many of your fubjects to death, it will foon 
 appear that you do it not from an act of juftice, 
 but out of pleafure." 
 
 Auguftus confehted to the advice of Livia, and 
 he began to punifh the culprits only with good ad- 
 vice, and fet them at liberty ; he at the fame time 
 created Cornelius Cinna conful, and by this action 
 gained the love of all his fubjects, and had no more 
 doubt of their confpiracy. 
 
 Pompeia Platina feeing her hufband lYajanus 
 blamed by his fubjects, for the cruelty and avarice 
 of his minitters, induced him by many reafons 
 to punifh the minifters of the provinces, but with 
 moderation. Berenice, wife of king Ptolemey,
 
 whilft he was playing at dice with her hufband, his 
 fecretary read the names of the culprits, that Ptole- 
 my fhould fentence to death, or pardon. Berenice, 
 looking at her hufband with furprize, took the pa- 
 per from the fecretary 's hands, and ordered him to 
 quit the room ; then faid to Ptolemy, it was not 
 right for him to give his confent to fuch an impor- 
 tant affair, when occupied in other bufmefs totally 
 different ; but that it fhould be decided by a com- 
 pofed mind. Ptolemy thanked his wife for her ad- 
 vice ; and faid, he would never for the future hear 
 any thing concerning the affairs of (late, when en- 
 gaged at dice. When the fortrefs of Samaur in 
 Brittany was befieged by Mr. Gafton, a Royalift, 
 the wives of thofe who compofed the garrifon 
 placed themfelves between the caftle and the be- 
 fiegers j and told the hufbands, that if they perfifted 
 in not furrendering, their own wives would receive 
 their fire againft the royalift. The garrifon ac- 
 cepted their women's advice, and demanded the 
 capitulation ; the terms of which were foon fettled. 
 We may conceive by this female advice that many 
 .lives have been faved from death ; on the contrary, 
 many lives have been loft for having rejected the 
 advice of females; as we have an inftance in thofe 
 of Valenciennes in Flanders. At the time this city 
 was befieged by the Duke of York and Prince Co- 
 bourg, nine hundred women, accompanied by their 
 children, threw themfelves at the feet of two com- 
 miffioners, Cochon and Jean de Brie, who com- 
 manded the town of Valenciennes, and conjured 
 them notobftinately to perfiitin theufelefs defence 
 ef the town ; the only conlequence of which 
 would be its entire deftrudion. The commiffioners 
 rejected not only the female citizens advice, but 
 ordered feveral of them to be dragged to prifon, 
 In confequence of this refufal, a few days after fix 
 thoufand French foldiers were killed ; and the gar-
 
 rifon was obliged at laft to furrender to the Duke 
 of York, on terms lefs advantageous. 
 
 Women can enable their effeminate hiiibands 
 to be generous and magnanimous. Herodes, fpeak- 
 ing of his fon Alexander to fome of his friends, faid, 
 if his wife Glafira had not been very careful in edu- 
 cating her fon, and correcting his faults, he would 
 have incurred many errors, and been in bad cir- 
 cumftances. Females were fo much efteemed by 
 the wife men of Greece, that they permitted them 
 to enter into the Congrefs of the "Republic, as well 
 as the men. Varus and Augtiitinus faid, that all 
 the females of Athens always gave their votes in. 
 the moft important affairs of the Republic. Plato 
 ordered the female citizens to learn the art of War 
 as well as the men ; faying, he was well acquainted 
 with the genius and capacity of women. We very 
 well know, by the ancient civil laws, that not only 
 men but females, have alib fucceeded to fovereign- 
 ties, and by a legitimate fucceffion they obtained 
 the kingdoms of Navarre, Puglia, Jerufalem, Sicily, 
 Soria, Egypt, Pharo (formerly an ifland and king- 
 dom feparated from Egypt) Media, Sclavonia, 
 England, Bohemia, Hungary, Aragon, Caftiglia, 
 Maffageta, Panda, Saba, Parthia, and many other 
 kingdoms. Therefore, if women had not been 
 poffefled of talents to govern kingdoms, the people 
 would not have permitted them to reign ; befides, 
 many men elected women to govern nations : we 
 have an inftance in the Ethiopian people, who 
 would have no kings, but Queens, who were called 
 by the name of Candace, of whom the Scripture 
 makes mention. Alexander the Great was obliged 
 to pleafc the people of Caria, by giving the king- 
 dom to a woman called A:la, in preference to a 
 man. Thofe people did not judge without good 
 reafon in'chufing a Queen, faying their natural and
 
 tender difpcfition made them be loved by their 
 fubjecls, and their valour of making their neigh- 
 bours to be feared and reflected by them, as the 
 people of Dania found that they hail never peace 
 nor tranquillity, until that kingdom, with that of 
 Norway and Sweden, were in the power of Marga- 
 ret daughter of Valdcmar, wife of Aquinus, and 
 mother of Olanus. This queen went and vifited 
 her provinces wiih great care, and kept the king- 
 doms in peace, and prefervtd the harmony of her 
 fabjecls until her death. It is verv well known at 
 this time, that the great Catharine, emprefs of 
 Ru ilia, governs her people with great prudence, and 
 endeavours to keep the balance of all the powers of 
 the univerfefrom one end of the globe to the other. 
 Many other females have reigned with great mo- 
 deration and prudence, who reigned in the hearts 
 of their fubjecls, and have been feared by their ene- 
 mies. Very few kingdoms have been taken from 
 women by arms, or by the treafon of their fubjecls ; 
 on the contrary, we find that princes have loft many 
 kingdoms by the treachery of their people, and by 
 fighting againft their enemies. Women can un- 
 dertake difficult enterprizes with fuccefs, as well as 
 men. Ancient hiftory informs us, how much the 
 univerfe has refour.ded with the names of females, 
 famous in arms and fcicnces. We have an inftance 
 in Mirina, a famous warricr, who with an army of 
 thirty thoufa,nd women on foot, and two thoufand 
 on horftback, dreffed with upper coats of fcrpents 
 (kins, befieged and took Cercena from the Atlan- 
 tides, and conquered the greateft part of Lybia; 
 then flie went with their army into Arabia, after- 
 wards into Syria, and accepted the people of 
 Ciliria as friends, who fubmitted to her government; 
 afterwards fhe defeated the inhabitants of the moun- 
 tain Taurus, and palling by force through Phrygia> 
 proceeded and arrived vi6torious at the riverCaicus. 
 All the Indian and African Amazons have con-
 
 quered many countries near the Cafpian fca, and 
 they preferved in peace not only their countries, 
 but thofe of their neighbours alfo. Who can fuffiri- 
 ently praife the valor of Semiramis, who for the 
 fpace of forty -two years governed with fuccefs the 
 kingdom of Babylon, and ordered walls to be 
 built all round the city. Many more edifices were 
 erected by her order than were built at the time 
 of Cam byfes, who ruined Egypt after the Ifraelites 
 had left that country : Ihe conquered the Indians, 
 the people of Scythia, and many other countries. 
 Her name wasfo great at that time, that whilft 
 the envious Alexander the Great was fpeaking one 
 day to the princes of his army, he pronounced the 
 following words : " Gentlemen, I muft tell you, 
 " that I am better acquainted with all my victo- 
 " riesthan with my age. I began to eftabiiih my 
 " Empire in Macedonia, and am mafter of Greece ; 
 " I have conquered Thrace and Sclavonia ; I 
 " am in pofTeflion of Afia from the red Sea to the 
 f Hellefpont, and I am almoft at the end of the 
 Univerfe ; I paffed in one hour's time from Afia 
 into Europe, and I have conquered all the 
 above-mentioned places in the fpace of nine 
 years. Do you think, gentlemen, I fhruld 
 now defift from acquiring more fuccefs? No, 
 certainly, as long as I have blood in my veins, 
 I will acquire irefh glory ; but you muft now 
 conlider, that we are in a famous and illuftrious 
 country, by the wifdom of a fingle woman. 
 Look at the cities erected by Semiramis, and 
 recollect how many nations have been con- 
 quered by her, then you will find that we have 
 not acquired fo much fuccefs as Semiramis has. 
 I now find that you are fufficiently fatisficd 
 with your victories, and it feems to me that 
 " you do not care for any more conquefts. Pray, 
 " Gentlemen, can you tell me, who were more 
 " glorious than the Romans, and what Roman
 
 " was a greater warrior than Julius Ca?far ? Not- 
 " withstanding Julias Casfar lamented his not hav- 
 " ing been equal in fuccefs to Alexander the 
 " Great ; and Alexander the Great now declares, 
 t( with the fincerity of his heart, to have been 
 " conquered by the valour of a woman." Hav- 
 ing ipoken of the magnanimity of the above fe- 
 males, I will not be filent of others, and I will 
 add fomething concerning the valour of the fa- 
 mous Thomyris Queen of Scythia, who having 
 been informed by ibme of her friends, that proud 
 Cyrus, after having fubdued Afia, and all the Ori- 
 ental countries alfo, intended to conquer the 
 country of Scythia. Thomyris, feeing the army 
 of Cyrus not far from the city, fent her fon in com- 
 pany with many other officers to meet him ; but 
 her fon not being well inftrucled in the art of war, 
 as foon as he entered their houfes, found a great 
 quantity of victuals and wine, which was left on 
 purpofe by the enemy, who pretended to run 
 away for fear of being taken prifoners. The fol- 
 dicrs of Thomyris finding fo much provifions, in- 
 itantly began to eat and drink fo heartily, that 
 every one of them got drunk and fell on the 
 ground, and were all taken prifoners by Cyrus. 
 Thomyris, after having heard the difagreeabie 
 news of her fon, appeared not to be in the leaft 
 difconcerted, but declared vengeance againft Cy- 
 rus, and propofed to defend her country. She 
 ordered her army to go over the river Araxes in- 
 to fome rugged parts. As foon as the, enemy was 
 near to the place where her army was, fhe gave 
 them battle at once, and cut the army of Cyrus in- 
 to pieces. Two hundred thoufand foldiers were 
 killed in a very little time, and not one of them 
 efcaped to bring the account of their defeat. The 
 valorous Thelelis, having loft moft of her armies, 
 there remained only for Cleomenes, captain of 
 Lacedemon, to take the city of Argus. She col-
 
 leted the reft of her army, which was in the chy, 
 and polled herfelf with her female citizens on the 
 ramparts of the city, and vigoroufly repulfed the 
 enemy, who were obliged to retire wkh great 
 lofs. For this intrepid action a flattie was erected 
 to her memory, with books at her feet, and a head- 
 piece in her hands. Archidamia, in company 
 with her female citizens in the temple, was af- 
 faulted by Ariftomenes and his foldiers, who 
 went on purpofe to ravifh them. Archidamia 
 and her companions with cutlafles repulfed the 
 enemy, and made Ariftomenes prifoner. The 
 generous Zenobia of Soria gave more trouble to 
 the Roman Empire, than any other. The Em 
 peror Aurelianus, at the time he was near to Pal- 
 myra (fo named by the Grecians, and Latins, 
 but in theSyriac language was called Thadamora 
 by Solomon ) wrote a letter to Mucapore as fol- 
 lows : " The Romans fay, I am at war with a 
 woman, as there was only Zenobia herfelfto fight 
 with me> but they do not confider, that by fight- 
 ing with her, I fight againft many enemies. It 
 is more difficult for me to be at war with Zenobia, 
 than with many valorous captains No body 
 knows how many bows and arrows are in that 
 cify, and how many inftruments of war are pre- 
 pared againft our armies. There is 1:0 part of the 
 ramparts without ammunition for w r ar ; I difcover 
 darts and weapons. Further, I niuft confefs that 
 Zenobia does not fight like a woman, but like a 
 perfon who does not fear puniihment I hope 
 Heaven will alliit the Republic of Rome, that ne- 
 ver failed favouring our enterprifes." We may 
 comprehend Ly this difcourfe what courage that 
 great warrier Zenobia had. Aurelianus, being tired 
 of befieging the city of Palmyra, wrote to Zeno- 
 bia, intending to iubdue her to his wi flies ; and 
 he wrote in Greek, as follows : ' ' Aurelianus, Em- 
 peror of the Romans, and reicuer of the Orient ;
 
 to Zenobia and her companions in war. You muft 
 willingly execute the order, you will find in this 
 letter ; and without hefitation furrender your ar- 
 my to us. I order you to depoiit in our hands 
 your gold, filver, jewels, (ilk, horfes, and camels, 
 offering you your lives ; and we permit you to 
 march out of the city with the honours of war." 
 
 Zenobia, Queen of Orient, to Aureiianus Au- 
 guftus. 
 
 " No body has ever yet dared to afkme, what 
 you demanded in your letter. It is necefTary to con- 
 tinue the war -, you afk me to fubmit to your armies, 
 juft as if I knew not that Queen Cleopatra would 
 fooner have died than lubmit to be conquered. 
 The Perfians, Saracens and the Germans are dif- 
 pofed to aifift us. The banditti of Syria have con- 
 quered your armies; what will become of you, 
 when we receive the fuccour of which we are in 
 expectation ? Moft likely your audacity will be 
 fru ft rated, you are not ib victorious as you natter 
 yourfelf, by ordering me to fubmit to your armies; 
 you muft fwallow many buihels of fait before you 
 conquer me. Live happy." 
 
 According to Ai!re:ianus'sletter,every one may 
 find him a very avaricious and greedy man, alk- 
 ing Zenobia to furrender her army, with all the 
 Orient property, to him. But having afked too 
 much, he gained nothing l?"ut the fcorn of Zeno- 
 bia, and was obliged to return to his country 
 with great Icfs and diihonor.r; [',}- the General of 
 the Carmrgnols, who has been reduced to the fame 
 fate. This General after having fent a fummons 
 to the inhabitants of Neuport, to. furrender them- 
 felves to his army, he then was obliged to retire 
 precipitately before the place, and abandon a bat- 
 tery \\hich he had railed at the diftance of about 
 half a mile from the ramparts of Neuport ; \\hilft
 
 from the fortrefs the people enjoyed to fee the con- 
 ftcrnation and fright of the disappointed General, 
 with his banditti, wading too and fro through the 
 encircling flood like fo many ducks, without know- 
 ing which fide to return to effect their efcape. 
 
 The Emperor Aurelianus, the General of the 
 Carmagnols,and Lord Hood, are three warriors of 
 different ideas ; two going to war for plunder, and 
 the other for honour and public fafety. If Aure- 
 lianus -were not now in the other world, he 
 might, in this inftance, learn a leilbn from the 
 generofity and good behaviour of the prudent and 
 peaceable Lord Hood, by one of his letters fent to 
 the people of Toulon, at the time their city wa& 
 befieged by the Englifh fleet 
 
 As I have expofed Aurelianus's letter, it feems 
 to me my duty to expofe alfo that of the General 
 of the Carmagnols, and that of Lord Hood, from 
 which they may difcover the difference from two 
 imprudent, vain and greedy men, to a judicious 
 and amiable warrior. 
 
 Thefubjoined copy of the fummons fent to the 
 inhabitants of Neuport by the General of the 
 Carmagnols : 
 
 " To the inhabitants t of Neuport. 
 
 " The 2d day of the firft decade of the fecond 
 month of the fecond year of the French Repub- 
 lic, one and indivifible, October 23. 
 
 "I fummon you to furrender yourfelves immedi- 
 ately to the victorious arms of the French Repub- 
 lic, to which every thing muft yield ; and that 
 fix citizens muft repair to my camp in failure of 
 \yhich, furrounded and attacked as you are both by 
 fea and land, your town (hall be laid wafte ; and I 
 will enter it over the fmoaking afhes of your houfes 
 and the palpitating remains of your members."
 
 Letter from the Right Hon. Samuel Lord Hood, 
 Vice Admiral of the Red, and Commander 
 in Chief of his Brittannic Majefty's fquadron 
 in the Mediterranean, &c. &c. to the Inha- 
 bitants on the towns and provinces in the 
 South of France. 
 
 " During four years you have been involved in 
 a revolution, which has plunged you in anarchy, 
 and rendered you a prey to factious leaders. 
 Alter having deftroyed your government, tram- 
 pled under foot the laws, allaffinated the virtu- 
 ous, and authorized the commiilion of crimes, 
 they ^lave endeavoured to propagate throughout 
 Europe their deftru&ive fyflem of every ibcial 
 order. They have conftantly held forth to you 
 the idea of liberty, \vhile they have been rob- 
 bing you of it. Every where they have preached 
 refpect to perlbns and property ; and every where 
 in their name it has been violated: they have 
 amufcd you with the fovereignty of the people, 
 which they have conftantly ufurped ; they have 
 declaimed againft the abufes of Royalty, in order 
 to eftablifh their tyranny upon the fragments of 
 a throne ftill reeking with the blood of your le- 
 gitimate Sovereign. Frenchmen ! you groan 
 under the prclfure of wants, and the privation of 
 all fpecie ; your commerce and your induftry 
 are annihilated ; your agriculture is checked, and 
 the want of provifions threatens you with a hor- 
 rible famine. Behold, then, the faithful picture 
 of your wretched condition ; a lituation fo dread- 
 ful, fenfibly afflicts thecoalcfced powers: they fee 
 no other remedy but the re-eftabliihment of the 
 French monarchy. It is for this, and the act of 
 aggrellion committed by the executive power of 
 France, that we have armed, in conjunction with
 
 the other coalefced powers. After mature re- 
 flection upon the leading objects, I come to offer 
 you the iorce \vith \vhich I am intrufted by my 
 Sovereign, in order to fpare the further effufion 
 of human blood to craft with promptitude the 
 factious to re-eftablifh a regular government in 
 France., and thereby maintain peace and tran- 
 quillity in Europe. Decide, therefore, definitively 
 and with preciiion. Truft your hopes to the 
 generofity of a loyal and free nation. If a can- 
 did and explicit declaration in favor of monar- 
 chy is made at Toulon and Marfeilles, and the 
 ilandard of royalty hoifted, the fhips in the har- 
 bour difmantled, and the port and forts provision* 
 ally at my difpofition, fo as to allow of the egrefs 
 and regrefs with fafety : the people of Provence 
 (hall have all the affiitance and fupport his Bri- 
 tannic MaJLity's fleet under my command can 
 give ; and not an atom of private property of any 
 individual fhall be touched, but protected; hav- 
 ing no other view than that of reftoring peace 
 to a greitt nation upon juft, liberal, and honoura- 
 ble terms. This muft be the ground-work of the 
 treaty ; and whenever peace takes place, which 
 I hope and truft will be foon, the Port, with all 
 the fhips in the harbour and forts of Toulon (hall 
 be reftored to France, and the iiores of every 
 kind. 
 
 In its name I have juft given unequivocal tef- 
 timony to the \vell-difpo'fed inhabitants of Mar- 
 feilles ; by granting to the commiifioners lent on 
 board the fleet under my command, a palTport 
 for procuring a quantity of grain, of which this 
 great town now ilands fo much in need. Be ex- 
 plicit, and I fly to your luccoi:r in order to break 
 the chain which lurrcunds you, and to be the in- 
 ftr-'incnts of making many years of happinefs 
 fucceed four years of aiifery and anarchy,
 
 in which your deluded country has been in- 
 volved. 
 
 Given on board his Britannic Majefty's fhip 
 Victory, off Toulon, the 2jd of Auguft, 
 
 *793- 
 
 Signed, HOOD. 
 
 Let us now return to the female warriers. 
 Arfinoe was fo great a warder, that fhe conduced 
 the bold and proud Vercingetorige, King of the 
 French, prifoner to Julius Csefar; 4 in the fecond 
 battle fhe conquered Alexandrinus ; and in the 
 third fhe was victorious with Juba of Africa. 
 I won't omit what happened to the courageous 
 and valorous Arthemifia, daughter of Lygdamus, 
 \vhen flie gave battle to the Grecians at the 
 time flie went and affifted Xerxes, King of Per- 
 fia. Arthemifia being informed by fome of her 
 friends, that the people of Athens offered a re- 
 ward of feven hundred golden dollars to thofe 
 who fhould fend her prifoner to them, Ar- 
 themifia having fought againft the Grecians with 
 great courage, found, after the Perfian fhips were 
 all difperfed, her own fhip purfued by the enemy 
 in fuch a manner that fhe could not efcape, im- 
 mediately turned her danger into the enemy's 
 ruin, and not only conquered her enemy, but fhe 
 acquired frefh glory from Xerxes by her fuccefs. 
 Arthemifia fought and funk the enemy's fhip which 
 engaged her, when they were both at the Helef- 
 pont, in the ftreight of Gallipolis. Xerxes faw 
 the combat, and not being able in the confufion 
 to difcover the Grecian Ihip, but only that of 
 ArthemifTa by the flag, and having been witnefs 
 of her fuccefs, he praifed her courage very much 
 for having conquered her enemy ; and having 
 been witnefs to the cowardice of the Ferfians, 
 he pronounced the following words: This day 
 my foldiers have fought like women, and the
 
 women like men. Every body will obferve how 
 courageous and fagacious Arthemifia was in her 
 enterprifes, in a ftratagem made by her againft 
 the Rhodians. Maufolus her hufband ordered his 
 people to erect two harbours in Halicarnafius 
 (the greateft city of his dominions) one of the 
 harbours was very large, and on the right hand 
 of his palace, which was made for the ufe of 
 foreign ihips ; the other was on the left hand 
 behind the mountain, in which none could enter. 
 After the death of Maufolus, the Rhodians being 
 envious at feeing a woman miftrefs of fuch a 
 country, and fo well furnilhed with beautiful 
 cities, lent a great army againft Arthemifia, with 
 intention to conquer her country. Arthemifij, 
 having been informed of the Rhodian's delign, 
 inftantly ordered a great part of her army to en- 
 ter that harbour privately, which was lituated 
 behind the mountain ; fhe then gave orders to 
 the citizens to prefent themfelves on the ramparts 
 of the city before the enemy ; and as foon as the 
 Rhodians were near the city, they ftiould then 
 make a fignal of joy to receive them, which 
 was faithfully executed by her citizens. The 
 Rhodians foon entered the harbour with all their 
 Ihips, and went into the city without any re- 
 fiftance from the citizens. Arthemifia feeing the 
 enemy difembarked, vent directly with her fleet 
 out of the fecret harbour, and captured all the 
 enemy's fhips. The Rhodians finding themfelves 
 confined in the city, tried to efcape, but they 
 were all made prifoncrs by the citizens. Arthe- 
 mifia, after having captured the enemy's fleet, 
 hoifted the Rhodian's flag, and covered their {hips 
 with laurel as victorious, then went to Rhodes. 
 The Rhodians, taking Arthemifia's fleet for their 
 own, who had gained the victory, went and met 
 their enemies without anus. Arthemifia then
 
 entered the city of Rhodes, without reli fiance 
 from the citizens, and took them all prifoners. 
 As I have mentioned this trick of war, I now 
 recolle<5l another ftratagem made by Cleopatra. 
 This fagacious female at the time Ihe was Queen 
 of Egypt, in the ifland called Pharo, ordered a 
 tower to be built for the conveniency of failors, 
 in which was kept a light during the night for 
 the ufe of the feamen; by this example of hers 
 many other Pharos were built by different na- 
 tions. That ifland was one mile diftantfrom the 
 lea coaft of Alexandria. The people of that 
 place were obliged to pay taxes to the Rhodians. 
 Cleopatra, was very much difcontented at this, 
 and propofed to extricate her fubjecls from fuch 
 an impofition. As foon as the Rhodians arrived 
 in that ifland to collect the taxes, Cleopatra or- 
 dered a frail to be made in one of the villages of 
 Alexandria to divert the Rhodians, and on pur- 
 pole to detain them there, in the mean time flie 
 ordered ftones, bricks, and other things to be put 
 in the harbour to obftruct the paflage. This was 
 performed with great care in feven days by her 
 fubjecls ; after that Cleopatra went to that village 
 in the fame chariot, in which fhe ufed to goto 
 the city of Alexandria. After the leads were 
 over, the Rhodians went and afked Cleopatra the 
 money for the taxes of the ifland. Cleopatra 
 anfwered, they were miftaken to alk her fuch an 
 impofition, as that place was a main land, for 
 which fhe was not obliged to pay taxes. The 
 poor Rhodians went away quite confufed, with- 
 out having received a farthing. Nor can I pafs 
 over the valiant and famous Boadicea, who, at 
 the time of Domitius Nero, regained England 
 from the Romans with the lofs of eighty thou- 
 fancl foldiers. It feems to be my duty to mention 
 the valour and intrepidity of this Queen. Bo-
 
 adicea was a tall and well made woman ; her 
 countenance was grave, with a rough voice ; her 
 hair was the colour of gold, and very long ; Ihe 
 wore a gold chain round her beautiful neck ; her 
 gown was painted in different colours, and over 
 it washer military gown. This intrepid female, 
 iceing her country opprefTed by the Romans, 
 collected an army of one hundred and twenty 
 thoufand men, and prefenting herfelf before the 
 army with a lance in her hand, made the follow- 
 ing fpeech : " I am perfuaded you have experi- 
 enced that liberty is dearer to mortals than fla- 
 very ; as you have been deceived by the flattery 
 of the Romans. You have preferred foreign go- 
 vernment to the ancient cuftoms of your coun- 
 try: you know which is molt preferable, a poor 
 or a rich flavery. What troubles and miferies 
 have we not fuffered fmce the Romans have 
 entered England ? we have loft great proper- 
 ty, and for what has remained in our pof- 
 leilion, we pay taxes, and we pay a tribute, 
 not only for our property, but for our perfons 
 allb. Oh! how much better would it have been 
 to be at once unfortunate, than to be obliged 
 every year to pay for our liberty. In my opinion 
 it would be better for us to die, then to live tri- 
 butary, or as Haves. But what fhall I fay more 
 of thefe impoftors, who do not even permit us 
 to die free ; as you very well know what money 
 they make us pay for the dead. The Haves of 
 other nations are at leaft free by their death ; 
 but the fubjects of the Romans never die, for 
 even in death do they pay taxes. What good 
 can we expect from them, as they have treated 
 us fo ill in the beginning ? But to tell the truth, 
 we are the caufe of our own misfortunes, in 
 having permitted them to enter this iiland ; but 
 1 hope they will be very loon expelled from this
 
 country, as Julius Casfar and Caligula 
 We inhabitants of fo great an ifland, feparated 
 by many different feasfrom other nations ; iituated 
 moil under another hemrfphere, and in fuch a 
 manner, that our names have been fcarcely known 
 to the more prudent people, than thole of them 
 who now wilh todeftroy us, as they think them- 
 felves mafters of the Univerfe. Citizens and 
 friends, (I fay friends, becaufe I think we are all 
 of one kindred, as we polFefs the whole of the 
 ifland) whilft there remains fome remembrance 
 of liberty, I think we are bound to leave to our 
 poflerity, not only our names, but our valour, 
 and our contentions in going to war for liberty. 
 You muft not think by my'difcourfe, to diilike 
 your prefent fituation, nor to fear future evils 
 which may happen to you ; but to thank and 
 commend your abilities and courage, that you will 
 be able to do every thing necelfary to diflodge 
 the enemy from this country : and with a firm 
 mind you muft do your beft to help one another. 
 You will not fear the Roman army, becaufe 
 thofe foldiers are not more numerous nor ftrong- 
 er than we are at prefent, as you may fee by 
 the helmets and armour in which you are dreif- 
 ed then you may look at our ramparts, baftions 
 and walls, how well they are fortified and fur- 
 rounded by ditches, which have been made on 
 purpofe to check the excurfions of the enemy, 
 who for fear of fighting again ft us, run from 
 one part to another in order to avoid a battle ; 
 further, we are fo much fuperior in ftrength, 
 that our tents are ftronger than their walls ; and 
 the efcutcheons of our arms are better than all 
 thejr armour. Therefore we muft go .and meet 
 the enemy, and give them a good drubbing for 
 their daring prefumption ; as the Roman foldiers 
 are like foxes and hares, fo they will be chafed
 
 and taken by the hunters of England." Boadicea 
 having finifhed her difcourfe, at that moment a 
 hare cafually patting through the army, went 
 towards the enemy. The foldiers feeing the hare 
 run to the enemy, they took courage, confirm- 
 ing every thing with joy, and gave loud huzzas! 
 to all that the Queen laid. Boadicea, feeing all 
 her foldiers difpofed to fight, opened her arms 
 and faid, " I give you thanks, O ! Goddefs of 
 Vengeance, and as a woman and Queen of 
 England, I befeech you to affift my people, who 
 have not only learnt to cultivate the ground; 
 but to fight alfo ; and moft women have learned 
 the art of war, as well as the men. Therefore, as 
 lam the Queen of this people, I befeech that you 
 would grant them victory, health and liberty." 
 Then fhe went and engaged Captain Paulinus, 
 
 with whom fhe fought with great courage. 
 
 This Queen reputed Nero as a woman and her- 
 felf as a man, becaufe (he thought virtue, and 
 valour (hould be not only in men, but in women 
 alfo. 
 
 Manilla of Cocinus, in the ifland of Lemnos 
 (at prefent called Stalimenes) a girl of eighteen 
 years of age, having loft almoft all her domini- 
 ons to the Turks at the time they were at \far 
 with the Venetians, who were mailers of that 
 ifland Marulla, feeing her father Demetrius 
 killed by a barbarian, took up the arms of her 
 father, and revenged herfelf by giving fuch 
 courage to the people of Cocinus, that they re- 
 pulfed the enemy, and obliged them to retire 
 with great lofs. Who was it but the magnani- 
 mous Cleofa, wife of Aflacanus, King of Maga- 
 za, that oppofed fo courageoufly in India, and 
 fuftaincd the impetuofity of the Grecian army ? 
 A fingular mark of female courage, and difregani 
 of faint- heartedncfs may beleen in the women of
 
 LaCedemon, who when they were informed that 
 their fons were killed in war by the enemy, they 
 \vcntand examined their wounds ; if they found 
 bruifes in the faces or bellies of their fons, they 
 rejoiced, and buried them in the tomb of their 
 parents with great pomp ; but when thefe mo- 
 thers found their fons wounded behind on their 
 back, then were they alharned of their conduct, 
 and with great forrow buried them privately as 
 cowards. Every body will commend the courage 
 of the females of Perfia, who oppofed the flight 
 of the army purfued by Aftyages, faying, in turn- 
 ing up their petticoats, Come, poor cowardly 
 warriors ! and enter again into our wombs, as 
 you have fo cowardly abandoned your arms. 
 The foldiers were fo afhamed at the reproaches 
 of the females, that they took up their arms 
 again, and fought fo well, that they foon defeated 
 their enemies. Is it not commendable and ho- 
 nourable to the name of Catherine, Queen of 
 England, who fo courageoufly gave that battle 
 near the river Tweed to the Scotch, in which ten 
 thoufand of them were killed. We have at this 
 prefent time an example in Mad. d'Eon, who 
 has been at whr, and fought with great courage 
 jn her youth, and at fifty years of age at leait 
 (he fenced with Mr. Sain wile, afencing-mafter at 
 JU.^clagh, with great applaufe. Let us now put 
 afide female warriors, and fpeak of learned wo- 
 men, who were not only equal to men in fciences, 
 but have alfo inftrufted learned people. It is very 
 well known that Diotima was the fchool-miftrefs 
 of Socrates, who was counted the beft philofo- 
 pher among the Grecians. Pericles was the ftu- 
 -dent of Afpafia. Hippo, daughter of Centaurus 
 Chiron, taught Eolus the contemplation of the 
 things of nature. Hyparchia, daughter of The- 
 on Alexandrians, at the time of the Emperor
 
 Arcadius, inftrucled the people of Alexandria} 
 Ihe wrote many books, and alter that Ihe fucceed- 
 ed Plotinus, and governed the feliool of Plato. 
 Hygia, daughter of Efculapius, was adored by 
 the people of Athens, as the goddefs of health, 
 for having been well fkiiled in theartofphy- 
 iick. Ifide was alfo adored by the Egyptians as 
 a difcoverer of fevcral valuable medicines, with 
 which fixe cured mnnv cii'ibrent diforders. Ze- 
 nobia, wife of Odenatus, Queen of Palmira, was 
 fo well inftrucled in the Ethiopian, Greek, and 
 Latin languages, that fhe taught Timoleus and 
 Herinianus her fons, who became both very 
 learned men; (lie collected many hiftorical Ori- 
 ental books, and preached. very often to their 
 people with great energy. The learned Romans 
 were as much rejoiced as if they had gained a 
 great victory, as foon as they were informed 
 th^t Martia, daughter of Cremutius Cordus, had 
 preferved (like a learned woman) a copy of her 
 father's hiftory, the original being burnt mali- 
 cioufly by Tyberius's captains. Accurfiu^ ; :jm- 
 mentator of the civil la\vs, had a daughter fo 
 learned, that fhe interpreted thofe hws to the 
 people in the city of Bologna in Italy with great 
 applaufc. Perfons who think women are balhful 
 and ignorant, would dp well iirft to read their 
 works, then they will fee whether females deierve 
 to be blamed or prailcd ; they ought to remem- 
 ber that Theophraltus, though he was a very 
 learned man, and reputed the firft orator by 
 the Grecians, notwith Handing was corrected by 
 a woman of many faults and errors in his works, 
 for which the learned men of that time laid there 
 was nothing left for them to do, but to go 
 and hang thcmfelves. This is a proverb tor 
 thofe who are angry, when they are corrected 
 by others. The famous female, Trotti qf Sa-
 
 lerno, was reckoned a very good phyfician, and 
 wrote a treatiie on widwifjery, and publifhed fe- 
 veral fccrets .or the aduancement of ladies beauty. 
 Hiidegarda, a nun, of Magunza publiflied a book 
 concerning the Sacrament, the Lives of Married 
 People, the Exhortations of Perpetuity, and ma- 
 ny other valuable books. Another Hildegarda 
 has left us four elegant books on phyfick. Helen 
 Flav.a Augufta, daughter of Celius, publilhed a 
 Treatiie on Providence, the Immortality of the 
 Soul, the Method of being well educated, the 
 Advice of Pity, and feveral other works in Greek 
 rind Latin. Amalafunta was fo well acquainted 
 not only with the Greek and Latin languages, but 
 ihe could fpeak all the languages of the nations 
 who went to war with the Romans ; ftie in- 
 ilrucled her foil againft the confent of her Ba- 
 rons, who faid it was more necefTary for a king to 
 learn the art of war, than that of Sciences. Gor- 
 gona, daughter of Cleomenes, and wife of Leoni- 
 da, delivered the Grecians from ilavery by decy- 
 phering the writings of Demarat, which were 
 wrote in fhort hand ; they contained all that 
 palled in the congrefs of Xerxes, when he made 
 preparations for war againft the Grecians. An- 
 giola Nugarola of Verona publifhed feveral fine 
 paftoral poems. Cambria, daughter of Bellinus of 
 England publifhed, the laws of Gheldria and 
 Cleves. Brigida of Scotland has left many 
 works written by herfelf. Rodegunda Queen of 
 France, and Eugenia daughter of Philip, Prefident 
 of Egypt, have written feveral ecclefiaftical books. 
 Elizabeth Queen of England wrote her fentiments 
 with great elegance, not only in her native language 
 but in Latin, Italian and French. Victoria, daugh- 
 ter cfFabricius Colonna, and wife of the famous 
 Fernandus of Pefcara, has publifhed feveral poems,
 
 which are not inferior (according to the opinion 
 the learned) to thofe of fcveral famous Italian 
 poets. 
 
 The famous Donna Maria Mendoza (wife to 
 the Hon. Don Giovanni Padiglia, native of Spain) 
 has written jnany valuable books j Signora Ma- 
 ria Mariotti publifhed the Art of Love, which was 
 much admired by every body. There have been 
 many other females formerly ; and alfo others at 
 this prefent time, who have publilhed comedies, 
 tragedies, poems, and other books i as Signora 
 Cofta,, Signora Lancellotti, Signora Fofchetti, 
 Mad. St. Genlis, Mad. de Sillery Brulart, Mar- 
 gravine of Anfpach, late Lady Craven, Lady 
 Wallace, Lady Burrell, Mrs. Gunning, Mifs Gun- 
 ning, Mrs. Piozzi, Inchbald, Cowley, Robinfon, 
 Gooch,Steven!bn, Parfons, Lenox, Barbauld, Wells, 
 Dobfon (who tranflated the famous Petrarch) 
 Clara Reeves, Mifs Charlotte Smith, Cuthbert, 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Steele, Mad. d'Eon, Lady Strath- 
 more, Mrs. Cooke, Mifs Ann Vaughan, Mils Har- 
 riot Vaughan, Mrs. Griffith, Cecilia Burney, Ma- 
 ry Knowles, Mrs. Woolltoncroft, Mrs. Sykes, 
 Hannah More, and feveral others, who are in the 
 greateft efteem in Europe, that, if were I to name 
 all, I fliould not be able to finifh my work. 
 
 The ancient people of Candia had formerly fuch 
 efteem for learned women, that they invited a 
 woman to every feaft to fuperintend dinner, and 
 judge which man was the bell (killed in fciences 
 and in the art of war; then this female ufed to 
 prefent the beft wine to him, to fhew the company 
 that flic was as well acquainted with arts and fci- 
 ences as the men. If we confider the merit of 
 thofe who have invented any thing, I am of opi- 
 nion that women in this refpecl: are fuperior to 
 men, becaufe if the mile fex has found: i e method 
 of making winejElcufma has found theiy of
 
 culture, a thing more ufrful to the human Race 
 than wine. If the Phoenicians, Abraham, Mer- 
 curius, Egizius, Cadmus, Palamedes, Simonides, 
 and Epicarmus praife themfelvcs for the invention 
 o letters, by which the remembrance of ancient 
 things is preferved, and virtue and fciences are 
 naturally made known by this invention 5 Nicof- 
 trata, mother of Evandrus, is alfo to be praifed 
 for having inflrucled the Latins. 
 
 What can be more pleafant and ufeful for car- 
 rying on commerce than that of money ? Whilft 
 he who paflefTes it may provide for his want in every 
 way he can wifh. This invention was found out 
 by Harmodicea, wife of Midas, King of Phrygia, 
 who was not only a beautiful woman, but alfo very 
 ingenious; for, it was her who firft invented the 
 method of (tamping on metals with the mark of 
 an hare, and not Saturnus, Fidone, nor Janus, as 
 fome people think. The inftruments of war were 
 fiift invented by Combea Calcidia, daughter of 
 Afopus. What is mod ufeful for a Prince, when 
 he wants to go to war? Horfes: notwithstanding 
 the art of taming thofc animals, and breaking 
 them for 'the cnariot, was the invention of Be- 
 leftica, not the concubine of Argus, who was of 
 the family of Atreus, but of another Bcleftica, 
 born near the fea-coaft of Macedonia, who gained 
 a victory in the Olympic feafts with her chariot. 
 The famous Cinifca Spartan, daughter of Archi- 
 damus, was the firft who kept race-horfes, and 
 gained many vidorirs by them in the Olympic 
 feaft&. What exercife is more delightful for youth t 
 than that of playing cricket ? This was invented 
 by Naufica (as Agala faid) What mufic is more 
 pieafanc than the flageolet, which enraptures the 
 mind, foftens the heart, and makes the world 
 obedient to harmony, banifhes the vengeance of 
 mortals, penetrates all parts of the foul with iuch
 
 force, that it cannot refift, and often agitates the 
 body in different movements ? This invention 
 was of Cybele, daughter of Minos, King of 
 Phrygia> She difcovered alfo many unknown 
 herbs, with which Ihe cured many diforders ; for 
 thefe inventions (he was called the Mother of the 
 Gods. Cymbals, and many other inftruments of 
 mufic, were invented by females. Although Apollo 
 declared with great arrogance, that he was the in- 
 ventor of medicines, notwithstanding Ifide is fu- 
 perior to him in refpecl to phyfick, as Ihe was the 
 perfon who inftructed him in that art, as I have 
 already obferved. This female found out medi- 
 cines, with which fhe cured not only feveral dif- 
 orders, but alfo reftored her fon to life. Melifla 
 was the firft that found out the making of honey, 
 and the method of ufmg it. The nymphs of the 
 ifland Coo, near to Rody, taught Ariftheus to 
 keep fheep and oxen, and the manner to profit by 
 them. I will add nothing further about the in- 
 ventions of females, which are immenfe ; fufficc 
 it now to fay, that the Goddefs of Wifdom was a 
 vvoman named Pallas, aad the GoddefTes of Sci- 
 ences were the Mufes, who were all women, ac- 
 cording to the learned men. Let us now leave 
 apart the fciences,and fpeak of the arts. Aglaida, 
 daughter of Megade, enraptured the human heart, 
 by blowing the trumpet. Alcefte painted a tum- 
 bler admirably. Mrs. Damer, daughter of Ge- 
 neral Conway, has engraved in marble the effigy 
 of George the Third, King of England, and that 
 of Mrs. Farren, which are much efteemed by the 
 profeflbrs of that art. Arifloreta, daughter of 
 Nearcus, divinely painted an Efculapius. The 
 virgin Lala Cizicena painted feveral women, and 
 herfelf with great art. The pictures of the above- 
 mentioned females were very much pra : fe 1 um<.ng 
 the excellent works vrhich had been exhibited in
 
 the univerfe. Many other paintrefles are at this 
 prefent time in Europe, who paint as well as tlie 
 men, particularly in England, as we may fee by 
 the pic-lures of Signora ZuCchi, late Angelica 
 KaurTman, Mrs. Bel), Mrs. Mailer, F. M. An- 
 ning, Mifs C. Auftin, Mifs Bell, Serres, F. 
 Serres, C. Hawkins, C. Vardon, Ireland, 
 M. Stewart, Sophia Turner, Spillbury, M. 
 Beck, M. Pixell, Thurfby, Kirkley, Carmi- 
 chael, Harvey, E. Newton, Williams, E. 
 Bird, M. G.StephanofT, Q._Medietz, Metz, 
 Watfor, Sarah M. Singleton, Mrs. Mee late 
 Mifs Foldfon, and others, who are in great efteem 
 in Europe, 
 
 Perfons who wifh to know the magnificence and 
 great actions done by the female fex, muft apply 
 to the famous Frina, of Thefpius, of the country 
 of Boetia, under the mountain of Helicon, who 
 creeled walls round the city of Thebes at her own 
 expence, for which the citizens made an infcrip- 
 tion as follows. " Alexander ruined our walls, and 
 Frina rebuilt them." Every body may feebythefe 
 illuftrious actions of women, that their exercifes 
 ore not ufelefs, neither difgraceful j but from which 
 all the univerfe finds advantage. How many fta- 
 tues, altars, and facrifices have been made in ho- 
 nour of the femate fex ? Many Cities and coun- 
 tries have taken their name from women, as a per- 
 petual memory of their valour and virtue. The 
 metropolis of Lamagna, which is now called Co- 
 logne, was named Agrippina by Germanicus, 
 Crsfar's wife. Attic i, potted between Achaia and 
 Macedonia, was named after Attide, daughter of 
 Cranaus, King of that country. The city Arfi- 
 ncc, was fo called after Arfinoe, daughter of 
 Ptolemy. The city of Media, and all the king- 
 dom, took the name of Medea. The ifland of 
 Corfu js called Corey ra; the ifland Egina, aod
 
 the great city of Boctia were called Thebes, af- 
 ter the three iifters, Corcyra, Egina, and Thebes, 
 daughters of Afopus. The city Mitilena, was fo 
 called by "the name of the fitter of Myrina Ama- 
 zon, who creeled it. The country of A retires, 
 in Greece, has got the name of the King Aran- 
 t-es's daughter, who was a great warrior and fa- 
 mous hunter. The magnificent city of Mycena, 
 in the Pe^oponnefus, took the name of Mycena, 
 daughter of Inaciis, and wife of Ariftoreijs. The 
 inland of Negroponte was called Eubea, from Eu- 
 bea, daughter of Afterion. The two cities of 
 Theflalia were called LarifTa, after LarifTa, daugh- 
 ter of Pelafgus. The principal dry of the Lace- 
 demonians was named Sparta, after ;he daughter 
 of the King of Eurothus. Medina, was fo called 
 after Medina daughter of Triopus, and wife of 
 Policaon. Martianopoly, in the country of My- 
 iia, has got the name of Trajanus's fitter. The 
 mountain Pireneus took the name of Pirena, Bre- 
 bicius's daughter, who was killed by the ferocious 
 beafts in that place. Smyrna, now called Ephe- 
 fus, was named after Smyrna Amazon, wife of 
 Thefeus of Theflalia. The city of Naples was 
 called Parthenope, after a virgin wno inhabited 
 and died in it. The city of Meroe, at prefent 
 called Saba, the firft city in Ethiopia, took the 
 name of Meroe, daughter of Carnbyfes, King of 
 Perfia. Rome did not take its name after Ro- 
 mulus (as fome people imagine) but rather after 
 that noble Trojan female prifoner of thofe Gre- 
 cians, who after they had ruined Troy went 
 through the river Tyber, in that place in which 
 they eftablilhed themfelves by her advice. Ac- 
 cording to Ariclides, or according to Agatocles's 
 opinion, Rome was named after a daughter of 
 Afcanius, fon of Eneas. France was called Gal- 
 lia, after Galla, Queen of the Celtic people, a$
 
 Timogenes fays. England was named Aibiona, 
 after Albina, daughter of the King of Soria. 
 Thraccia, was fo called from a girl wjio had been 
 very ufeful to that country, by great experiments 
 of herbs, and there fhe was adored as a goddefs 
 by that nation, and in the fame country of Thrac- 
 cia, the magnificent city of Pallena was named 
 after Pallena, daughter of Scichon,. and wife of 
 Cliton. Flanders was fo called after Flandra, 
 wife of Lodovicus, governor of that country, in 
 the year feven hundred eighty-two. Europe took 
 the name of the daughter of Agenor, king of 
 Phcenicia, and filler of Cadmus, who ordered the 
 building of Thebes. Afia took the name of the 
 wife of Giaperus, mother of Promotheus, and 
 daughter of Thetides. The fea in the ftreight of 
 Gallipolis was called Hcllefpontus, after Helle, 
 daughter of Atamantes, King of Thebes. Fi- 
 nally, the number of cities, provinces, mountains, 
 and rivers are immenfe, which are honoured with 
 female names, who have merited thefe perpetual 
 remembrances of their country and people for their 
 illuflrious and glorious actions, and when the 
 fafety of the people required it, they have expofed 
 thernfelves to the moil imminent danger, as we 
 have an example in Philota a flave, who feeing 
 the Roman fenate in confufion at a confpiracy 
 againft the Romans, at the mitigation of Livius 
 Pofthumius, who fent word to the Romans, that 
 if they cbufed to preferve the remainder of their 
 armies, they muft fend their wives and daughters 
 to him. Philota having heard the propofals of 
 that infamous man, defired the fenate to accept 
 them, and that fhe might go in company with 
 her companions, to furrender themfelves as pri- 
 ibners to the enemy. The fenate agreed to her 
 wifhes. Philota, accompanied by IVT (lave com- 
 panions, went to the enemy, drefled like the vir-
 
 gins, and Roman Matrons, crying, to make the 
 enemy believe that they were the free virgins, 
 daughters and wives of the Roman Citizens. They 
 each took a tiring in their pockets, and as foon as 
 they arrived at the enemy's camp. Livius dif- 
 tributed one to each of his foldiers. At fupper the 
 ferrules invited the foldiers to drink, till they all 
 became drunk. \Vhenthe flaves faw the foldiers 
 laying drunk on the ground, they took the firings 
 out of their pockets, and tied the foldier's hands ; 
 then they put a flambeau upon a fig-tree, as a 
 figtial to the Romans, that they might enter, and 
 defeat the enemy. The Roman foldiers went di- 
 rect I y to the afii (lance of the flaves, and made 
 all the army of Pofthumius prifoners. Afterwards 
 the fenate, in recompence for this meritorious 
 action, fee all the women at liberty who were in 
 flavery at Rome, and decreed that a facrifice fhould 
 be made with the juice of figs the fevcnth of July 
 every year, in remembrance of it; and this feaft 
 was ordered to be dedicated to Juno Caprotina. 
 : We have another inftance in Mad. Mary Ann 
 Charlotte Cordei This beautiful lad/, being ac- 
 quainted with the notorious infamy of Marat, a 
 French regicide, and knowing his manners to be 
 favagely obedient to the ferocioulhefs of his mind, 
 and his mind the feat of treaion, murder and re- 
 bellion. 
 
 Providence feemcd to have permitted him for a 
 time to follow roe dictates of his own will, that 
 future ,js mighc perceive when man fails 
 
 in obedient^ o che M/VS of his country, and de- 
 nies the exifte.->re of God, he foon becomes a 
 finonftrr, aid if not d'omed to an ignominious 
 death hyjulhce, he is plunged, as Marat was, into 
 eternity without one morner.i's warning, by the - 
 dagger of the heroic Corde. 
 
 None but fpeclators of tijj uBicling fcene can
 
 conceive the majeftic picture of this courageous 
 lady, who, from a perfect fenfe of rectitude and 
 independent fpirit, deliberately facriftced her life 
 for what ihe conceived would be the redemption 
 of her country, and enlighten the feduced minds 
 of thofe wretches who adhered to the feditious 
 doctrine of the execrable and abominable Marat. 
 
 This lady was one of thofe uncommon cha- 
 racters which nature, as it were, frames on pur- 
 pofe for a deed like hers. The fteady coolnefs 
 with which Ihe prepared and executed this deed, 
 the high-mindednefs and courage which (he dif- 
 played before her judges, and on the fcafTold, went 
 far beyond the common powers of her fex. Every 
 circumftance therefore which concerns this extra- 
 ordinary woman cannot fail of being intereiling. 
 
 This lady, belonging to a noble family, went 
 to Paris, and admitted into Marat's room, fhe 
 found him in a bathing machine, bufy in arrang- 
 ing fome fheets of his journal. She mentioned 
 the domeftic broils which convulfed France j and 
 on his afiuring her, that their authors fhould ex- 
 piate their crimes on the fcaffold, Ihe drew a 
 knife, and thruft in his breafl. 
 
 When fhortly after fhe was arrefled and hand- 
 cuffed, fhe laid, with a haughty fmile, fhe was 
 prepared for her fate, and knew fhe had delerved 
 well of her country. On her arrival in the Ab- 
 baye-prifon, fhe faid feveral times, that fhe had 
 performed her tafk; and others fhould do the 
 reft 
 
 Her appearance at the revolutionary tribunal 
 ftruck each perfon with refpectful awe ; and the 
 idea of her as an aflafim was removed from every 
 mind. The public accufer having afked her 
 for v-hat reafon flic had committed this refolute 
 act of murder, fhe replied, with a ftoick calmr.efs, 
 fhe came to Paris to glorify herfelf by this deed,
 
 to deliver her country from a confpiring monfter, 
 and to flop the wound his attrocious hands had 
 opened. The, Public Accuftr afked, " If me was 
 not afhamed to become a common cri'innil for 
 afTafTinatioM r" fne anfwered, " It was a crime to 
 have committed murder, but DO difgrace to afcend 
 the fciifibld for fuch an &6 ." The Public Accufer 
 faid to her, " Do you rero^n.ze this fap^uiaary 
 dagger?" fhe ai.-fwered, - {< 1 bought thar iYiyfelf in 
 the Palais Royal, and remember it well, it is the 
 fame I plunged into his heart- and am faiisfied." 
 
 This lady had two Counfellors, one of whom 
 was Mr. Stone, an Englifhman, who, during the 
 laft two hours of her trial, inceffantly felt herpuife, 
 to diftinguim if there were any fymptoms of burn- 
 ing fever or timidity. He declared it was the fame 
 as that of a perfon contented in his mind. She 
 did not manifeft the leaft irrefolution, but in one 
 interval, when Mr. Stone was fo ftruck with her 
 firmnefs and anfwers that he was quite difmayed; 
 and at that inftant her undaunted courage fell ; 
 and with tears of fweet fenfibility, declared her gra- 
 titude for his pleading for her. She requefted this 
 gentleman, is a laft favour, which Ihe faid would 
 make her die contented, to defray all the little 
 debts me had contracted in the prilbn of Concier- 
 gerie, as the property Ihe had broughi with her 
 to Paris was confifcared. She was condemned at 
 three o'clock in the afternoon, after a trial of fix 
 hours, to be behcaged r.t.eight o'clock the fame even- 
 ing on the Place tie ia Revolution. She afcended 
 the fcafibld with intrepidity, and appeared lerene 
 and reconciled t j death j Ihe pulled off hei bon- 
 net and handkerchief, but recoiled when the execu- 
 tioner went to bind her legs and laid " Are you fo 
 bad as toexpofe me here?" He aniwercd, " No, it 
 it is to bind you." " Do it thon," he replied with 
 firmnefs.
 
 The inhuman monfter, when fhewing her head to 
 the people after her execution, flapped her twice on 
 the cheek. This was confidered as fuch an attro- 
 cious aft, that the very tribunal, who had con- 
 demned her to death, was obliged to fentence her 
 executioner to twelve years imprifonment in irons. 
 
 Perhaps it may be faid, if we expofed to view 
 all the ills done by women, it would not only make 
 alonghiftory,but totally obfcure all their commen- 
 dable actions. I don't imagine that we might find 
 it impoffible to fpeak ill of fome of the fair 
 fex j but if men would look at their own fex, I 
 fear they v/ould have more reafon to judge 
 unfavourable of themfelves, if they were impartial. 
 It is for this reafon, that we find moft people ufed 
 to fpeak ill of females without knowing the truth 
 of what they fay ; but as at this time men notice 
 only exterior beauty and riches, and virtue is not 
 now admired by them as it was formerly. There- 
 fore if a female in a city or village is vicious, then 
 the others are reputed the fame, and on this ac- 
 count many men are afraid to marry learned and 
 courageous women, thinking themfelves not able 
 to preferve them with that virtue and taknt which 
 was given them by our Maker. Therefore we fee 
 fathers and mothers do not now inftruct their chil- 
 dren in the manner as Parents ufed formerly, but 
 now only endeavour to marry them as foon as they 
 can : then they become lazy and proud, and foon 
 teach their companions to ad~t as they do themfelves, 
 and men very often imitate women in effeminacy ; 
 it hence happens that moft men and women are 
 not inftructed in religion, nor in the arts and fci- 
 ences as formerly. The education of daughters 
 now confifts only in learning needle- work, and to 
 pFay upon the harpfichord. As to the young men, 
 they learn only one fcience, and think to be called 
 Doctors by learned men.' The fon naturally takes
 
 part of the complexion and conftitution of his mo- 
 ther, whether good or bad, he will by this means 
 become inclined to lafcivioufnefs and riches, if his 
 mother pofTefied thofe qualities. But not to de- 
 viate from my fubject, I think generous women 
 might be of great utility to their huibands, if they 
 would confine their fecrets to their wives j as Pria- 
 mus did, when he afked Hecuba's opinion, if he 
 Ihould go and take away the dead body of Hector 
 his fon, and enter the enemy's camp difarmed, a 
 thing of fo great importance to the Empire of Afia, 
 and to the honour of the firft king in the univerfe 
 (as really he was at that time). Perhaps hufbands 
 will fay, where would be the right of married men to 
 give laws to their wives, if they fhould be obliged 
 to let their affairs be known to their wives, and afk 
 their opinions, particularly if they were judicious 
 and learned men ? But I will anfwer, that though 
 the huiband might afk his wife's opinion, he ought 
 to follow which he thinks the bed. 
 
 A hufband fhould not be tranfported by love or 
 pafllon, but muft confider thedifpofition, condition 
 and judgment of his wife ; then, according to thefc 
 circumftances, he can communicate his fecrets to 
 her. I don't mean, that a man ought to let his 
 wife know the moft important affairs, after he has 
 difcovered the fecblenefs of her judgment, becaufe, 
 iffhe becomes acquainted with all her hufband's fe- 
 crets, (lie might propagate them, and by vanity or 
 malice, fometimes fhe might accufe her hufband, 
 and deftroy his defigns, to the ruin of both. We 
 have an inftance in Samfon, who, without confider- 
 ing the vanity and unfaithfulnefs of his Dalila, 
 he, tranfported by love, difcovered to her the fe- 
 cret of the great ftrength with which he was endow- 
 ed ; then he acquired perpetual blindnefs, a fhame- 
 fulflavcry, and at his death the deftruclion of ma- 
 ny people for his imprudence : on the contrary, the
 
 prudent and wife Ulyffes, after a long voyage, re- 
 turned to his country, and Ihewed himfelf firft to 
 his friends, then to his wife, that fhe might not be 
 hurt by being overjoyed at his return j knowing 
 well the Tendernefs of her Heart, and Love for 
 himj and thinking fhe would not keep it afecret, 
 but difclofe it to her importunate lovers, to whom 
 fhe intended to vindicate herfelf. It is true when 
 a man finds his wife unchafte, then he cannot 
 truft her becaufe a woman without judgment 
 cannot fmcerely love her hufband ; for true love 
 is fo generous, that- it can never inhabit the 
 hearts of cowards, or bafe minds. However,. 
 fin cere love teaches us fecrecy, faithfulnefs, and 
 .virtue. It is certain that whoever breaks matri- 
 monial fcitb, will feldom be faithful in other ref- 
 pects ; but (peaking of chafte women, as it is not 
 probable for a hufband not to difclofe his affairs 
 to his wife. So he ought not to be fufpicious 
 of her. 
 
 Many females have given ftrong inftances of 
 their virtue, conflancy, faith, and firm fecrecy. 
 We have an inftance in Leona, an harlot, who be- 
 ing acquainted with a confpiracy made by Armo- 
 dius and Ariilogiton againft Hypparcus and 
 others, fhe would not difclofe it for any torments 
 whatfoever; whereupon the Athenians, willing to 
 do her honour, and yet to conceal the name of an 
 harlot, celebrated her memory under the image 
 .gf a bead wanting a tongue. The faithful Epi- 
 care would never confefs a confpiracy againft Nero, 
 She chofe rather to fuffer death than to difcover 
 it. The beautiful young woman Quintilla parted 
 through many torments without difcovering the 
 confpiracy againft Caligula. When Brutus at- 
 tempted to affaffinate Julius Caefar, Portia, feeing 
 her hufband Brutus thoughtful, afked him, why 
 his countenance was changed, but fhe could get
 
 no anfwer from him ; then (he inftantly perceived, 
 that her hufband ^vas doubtful of female liabi- 
 lity j fhe immeciately left him alone and went to 
 her apartment and wounded her thigh , after this 
 fhe went to Brutus, laying : " You fhould know, 
 my dear hufband, that I am a faithful guardian 
 of your fecrets ; but you, being of the fame opi- 
 nion with many other men, think that my tender 
 body could not reftft any torments, if required -, 
 but I am certain that I could endure it." Then 
 fhe fhewcd her Wound to Brutus, acquainting him 
 the reafon why fhe had wounded her thigh, fay- 
 ing : ct 1 befeech you to difclofe your fond heart to 
 me, as fire nor death will never induce me to 
 difcover your fecrets; and if you will not truft 
 me, then you^will not believe that I am the 
 daughter of the great Cato, or your wife." Bru- 
 tus, after having found his wife fo firm and in- 
 trepid, then difclofed his fecret to her. 
 
 Although females are reputed not to be able to 
 keep fecrets, notwithstanding their ftrength and 
 firrrnefs have been equal to the moft valorous 
 men, difregarding death; not would they be called 
 cowards or unfaithful, knowing that it is more 
 laudable to fuffer torments and die, than to be 
 cowards. Many men would not aft in the famfc 
 manner, if they were fo accufed, but would dif- 
 clofe the fecrets of every body at the firft quef- 
 tion. 
 
 A perfon who wifhes to write hiftory, or give 
 a defcription of manners and cuftoms of foreign 
 countries fhould be impartial ; and if he copies or 
 tranflates from other authors, he fhould alfo do it 
 faithfully, as I have done it in this work, which 
 is intirely tranflated and copied faithfully, without 
 having altered or adding a fingle fentence of others 
 to it. "I have found that the writers of tours 
 through foreign countries have been generally
 
 too partial co their own country. A? to what re- , 
 lates to the manners and cuftoms of people, 'tis 
 plain that if one defigns to do them juftice, and 
 to fpeak nothing of them but the truth, he muft 
 have had much converfation with thole of whom 
 he undertakes to fpeak ; and above all, if he in- 
 tends to defcend to particulars : that which has 
 made rne very circumfpecl and very clofe upon 
 this point, is the ill judgment that many people 
 have made in the relations they have published. 
 To Ihew the partiality which a writer has 
 taken in giving a detcription of the cuftoms and 
 manners, and the character of the Italians: 1 will 
 infert here only forne paragraphs of it. This au- 
 thor relates, in different parts of his work, that the 
 Italians are foft, effeminate, luxurious, indolent, 
 ignoran-t, illiberal, arrant biggots, affected, filly, 
 dirty, notorious Rogues, impoftors, fuperftitious, 
 mercenary, and horrid Race. In another De- 
 fcription of his work he exprefies himfelf thus : 
 * c I deteft the women of this Country more than 
 even thofe of France ; there is that kind of wan- 
 ton affurance, that affected confequence, with the 
 blindeft ignorance for its bafis, that Coquetry 
 and low cunning, that flattern dirtinefs in their 
 drefs, befides their being fo flabby ; (this gentle- 
 man muft have been indeed very clofe to the Ita- 
 lian Ladies at Rome) fallow, pale, painted anct 
 ugly, that altogether I never faw the human fe- 
 male fo truly difguftful. I have not Teen a piece 
 f>f clean white linen finCe I entered Italy, on man 
 or woman. " For my own part, I cannot deteft 
 women of any country whatfoever, becaufe I have 
 received politenefs, civility, liberality, and fuppore 
 from them more than I have deferved, in all places, 
 in which I have been,, viz. Italy, Turkey, France* 
 Spain, Portugal, Germany, Pruflla, Flanders, Hoi-' 
 , Scotland, an-d England, I have found in ail
 
 thofe places good and bad, hatldfome and ugly, 
 chafteand unchafte, clean and dirty, difguftful and 
 pleafing, low cunning, and highly cunning, igno- 
 rant and learned, peevifh and cheerful, lively and 
 mournful, and at laft all forts of females. This 
 gentleman then continues his defcription with thefe 
 following words : cf The misfortune is with the 
 Italians, that in mufic they are like debauched 
 fnuff- takers, who are firft pleafed with the gen- 
 tle Rappee, after that with Strafburg, then Scotch, 
 and at laft with Irifh Blackguard and Ground 
 Glafs ! fo it feems with the good people of this 
 Claflic City (Rome). From the affectation they 
 feem enthufiaitic after Operas ; but they have been 
 fo long ufed to fimple Melody and unlearned 
 Harmony, that except the ear is harrowed up with 
 diflbnance, difcord, out of the way founds, they 
 confider it as vulgar, common, unworthy of at- 
 tention!" In another of his paragraphs I have 
 found this following fpeech : " Never certainly 
 were Religion and Rafcality fo oddly jumbled to- 
 gether as in thefe people ! in fome meafure their 
 government is the caulej for they are fb fcrewed 
 up by taxation, and fo little qualified to fight 
 againft it from habitual idlenefs, that they are 
 obliged to cut very keen when they have an op- 
 portunity. It is an horrid Government for the 
 people." This writer probably wifhed to be an ab- 
 folute freeman, like the Dictator toThomas Paine, 
 with his pretended work partly tranflated from 
 Macchiavelli, and partly from Chevalier Roffigna- 
 ni, with thofe fuggefted and falfe ideas of Rights 
 of Man, which has been (in fome refpecl) the 
 caufe that the Gentlemen without Breeches wifhed 
 now to give new laws to the people, and fubmit 
 all the world, by forcing every one with fwords 
 and bullets to accept their modern opinion, under 
 the name of the /linking Tree of corrupted Li-
 
 berty : But how can we wonder at any actions 
 committed by an horde of wretches extracted from 
 Chiphags, Herod, and Pilate, who with their fug- 
 gelled and scherontic accufations had murdered 
 their good and innocent King and Queen. Thefe 
 Caierbci furpafs in wickednefs every thing which 
 the Hiftory of Tyrants has taught us, or what 
 the mod fanciful imagination could picture to it- 
 ielf; but we fhould fuppofe (as Mr. InilofTum fays) 
 that it will happen to thofe afTaffins which hap- 
 pened to Cain, to be cnrfed for ever in Heaven and 
 Earth. One of the Members of the National Af- 
 fembly, who is called Thuriot, in the moft fan- 
 guinary language, infifted that Louis fhould afcend 
 the fcafFold -, all the Members feemed here to rife 
 againft the honourable Member; they maintained 
 that no Frenchman ought ever to utter fuch lan- 
 guage. He was reproached, that, according to his , 
 bloody advice, the Convention would expofe them- 
 felves to pafs for a horde of ruffians and aflafiins, 
 and would forget the judgment of Charles I. 
 Thus perifhed by the hands of reftlefs Rebels, 
 Louis XVI. King of France and Navarre, born 
 August 3, 1754, in the 39th year of his age, on 
 the 2ift of January, 1793, at twenty-two minutes 
 after one o'clock in the forenoon. 
 
 It has been remarked by feveral of our contem- 
 poraries, that the twenty-firft day of the Month has 
 proved fmgularly ominous to the Monarch : On 
 the 2 1 ft of April 1770^6 was married. On the zift 
 of June 1770, the fplendid Illuminations and 
 Fire- works were exhibited in honour of his Mar- 
 riage, on the fame fquare where he was beheaded ; 
 on account of which feftivity 1500 Perfbns were 
 killed in the crowd. On the ai it of January 1782, 
 the grand Fete was given, to folerhnize the Birth 
 of the Dauphin. On the 2 ill of June, 1791, he
 
 took flight, and was flopped at Varennes. On the 
 2i ft of September 1792, he loft his Crown and 
 Kingdom ;and finally on the 21 ft of January, 1793, 
 he terminated his ever to be lamented Life on the 
 Scaffold. 
 
 As for the Charges againft the Queen of France, 
 they are altogether fcandalous and futile, that we 
 believe the moft fanguine Admirer of the French 
 Revolution, will confefs, that her Execution was 
 neither more nor lefs than a deliberate Murder. 
 M. Roftillon ci>dcvant Judge of the Revolutionary 
 Tribunal, accufes the Queen of France with thefe 
 following words : " All the Facts contained in the 
 Act of Acctifation, are of fuch Public Notoriety, 
 that it is ufelefs to dwell on them j if my inward 
 Conviction be of any weight, I jhall fay that I am 
 well perfuaded that this woman (what horrid and 
 haughty Monftcr is thisCaicrbdits!\ is guilty of great- 
 er crimes ; and that Ihe has inceffantly confpired 
 againft the Liberty of the French People. I was 
 at the Siege of the Caftle of the Thuilleries on the 
 loth of Auguft, I faw fcveral bottles, fome of 
 which were full (of dirty water perhaps) and fome 
 empty, under Marie Antoinette's Bed, from which 
 circumftance, I conclude that (he herfelf had dif- 
 tributed wine among the Swifs Soldiers, in order 
 that thefe unhappy wretches in the moment of 
 inbriety, might cut the people's Throats." 
 
 This horrid Monfter, perhaps, has been evidence 
 againft the Queen of France, bccaufe he knew very 
 well, that not one of thofe Swifs Soldiers could rife 
 again from death to contradict his infamous accu- 
 fations. 
 
 The unfortunate Queen has been condemned 
 on the Teftimony of one, who is made an accom- 
 plice in her pretended crimes. Nature fhuddcrs 
 at the Idea of a Child being brought to make a 
 Criminal Charge againft its Mother. But of all
 
 the Articles brought forward as a ground of accu- 
 farion, and which ftrikes the Mind of every Man 
 \vith indignation and horror, is the laft, which ac- 
 cufes that unfonunate Princefs with Proftitution 
 with her Infant Son of eight years of age. This 
 laft charge appears to have been brought forward 
 \vith no other view whatever, than to roufe the fury 
 of the Populace againft her; fortunately, how- 
 ever, the blind infamble malice of the jacobins 
 has carried them as far beyond the limits of Nature 
 and Probability, as ofTruth ; and has excited Pity 
 for the Queen, when they hoped to involve her in 
 general Execration. 
 
 Unceafing endeavours have long been ufed by 
 the Jacobins in all Countries, to blacken the cha- 
 racter of this unfortunate Princefs, we verily believe 
 with no better foundation than that on which their 
 laft infamous charge is advanced j the Calumnies 
 of the Countefsde la Motte carry with them their 
 own confutation. She who could command mil- 
 lions and jewels at pleafure, would never have 
 (looped to an amour to obtain a necklace. 
 
 The manner in which fome of the Jacobin Morn- 
 ing Prints, lamented the Evidence given by the In- 
 fant Louis, is done with a view to introduce a pof- 
 fibility what he laid being true 3 but Nature is 
 againft the fa6t, and the agents on this occafion 
 appear to be little better than their unprincipled 
 employers; and if Tigers could fpeak, they would 
 fay thofe are Monfters, and have a Megara's Face., 
 who fhould dare to introduce fuch fuppofitions. 
 
 Louis Charles Capet, the wretched heir to the 
 misfortunes of the unfortunate Louis, xvas born at 
 Verlailles the 27th of March 1785, and con&quent- 
 ly br.t little more than eight years and a h#lf old : 
 . yet with this Infant is the injured Antoinette., 
 daughter of Maria Thereik Queen of 'Hungary, 
 charged with haying committed Jnceft.
 
 ** Confufion catch my foul, but I would die to 
 wipe thefe blots from off the face of Nature." 
 
 The Laws have fixed one general principle and 
 maxim, that no witnefs can be made to depofc 
 that which tends to criminate himfelf. The Re- 
 volutionary Tribunal has, howevt-r, not hefitated to 
 receive fuch depofition ; the judges even folicited 
 it ; and it is from the innocent lips of a child of only 
 eight years of age, who was made to utter fuch 
 attrocious calumnies, that Marie Antoinette late 
 Queen of France, has been charged with Inceft. 
 
 In regard to the Municipality of Paris, the Mem- 
 bers of it feem to have furpafled in villainy all their 
 former proceedings. To call a child of eight 
 years of age to bear witnefs againft his Mother and 
 Aunt, to make him utter calumnies againft thofe 
 unfortunate vidims. 
 
 Decency does not permit me to tranflate the 
 infamous and infernal accufations of Hebert, a 
 French regicide, who is the moft lafcivious and 
 abominable King of Monfters, and more cruel 
 than if he had defcended from a Tyger's dung. 
 (Jow expreflions, but 1 cannot find better^. If 
 Lucifer perufed the malicious charges ofthis Tyrant, 
 he would fire his breaft with Indignation, and curfe 
 him by day as by night, and confine him in 
 the moft horrid part of his Dominion. The 
 Members of the Municipality of Paris not only 
 have been fatisfied to try thefe auguft Perfonages, 
 (as the Editors of the World and the Times fay) 
 but likewifcall thofe fufpe&ed of having rendered 
 them fome trifling fervice to allay their misfortunes, 
 folely upon the depofition of an Infant not five 
 years old ; when all the charges that are put into his 
 mouth pafled, is what Pofterity would never believe, 
 if the Magiftrates who committed thefe attrocities 
 did not themfelves take care to atteft them in their 
 own Regifters.
 
 Thofe Members of the Conftituent Aflembly, 
 who opened the Door to the Diforders which defo- 
 late France, were indeed criminal. They were 
 forewarned that their Syftem of the Sovereignty of 
 the People, would end in themfelves falling under 
 the axe with which they armed the Populace. The 
 Prefident of Paris gathered the fufrragcs of his Col- 
 leagues, and pronounced the following fentence : 
 
 Sentence. 
 
 " The Tribunal, after the unanimous declara- 
 tion of the Jury, in conformity to the Laws cited, 
 condemns thee Maria Antoinetta,ca!led of Lorraine 
 and Auftria, widow of Louis Capet, to the Penalty 
 of Death, her GooJs confifcated for the benefit of 
 the (j4jfaffins)Rcp -b\ic ; and this Sentence fhall be 
 executed on the Place cf the (Barbarians) Revolu- 
 tion." 
 
 This poor unfortunate Queen was executed the 
 i6th of October 1793. Before (he was to fubmit 
 her Royal and illufirious Head under the Regicide 
 Axe, andfpill her noble Blood upon the infamous 
 Scaffold, fhe uttered as follows : <; O Heavens ! 
 reftore Peace to this wretched and diftrafted Na- 
 tion ; and have mercy upon my poor innocent 
 Child!" 
 
 This poor and innocent Queen was confined in 
 an obfcure and clofe Room ; her Bed confifted of 
 Straw, one Mattrafs and an old and tattered cover- 
 lid j and, terrible to tell ! ftie was obliged to fatisfy 
 all the wants of nature in prefence of four Gens 
 d"Armcs, \vho never quitted her Chamber ; her 
 food was fuch as was given to common Prifoners ; 
 her l.talth was vifibly declining, her hair became 
 grey, nnd.the acherontic Monfters fearing left a 
 natural cler.th j Jght deprive them of their wretch- 
 ed victim, hurried her to thefcaffold. Some days 
 before her death, ihe was diclled in black, and
 
 even fleptin this mournful attire, expecting every 
 inftant to be dragged away from her Bed of woe, 
 by the Executioners. She wiihed to die in 
 mourning for her unfortunate Conjort, bwt the in- 
 human and barbarous Caierbci deprived her even 
 of this laft confohtion, and compelled her to put 
 on a white waiftcoat. 
 
 The abominable Chaumette, (Attorney of the 
 Commons of Pans), formed the nefarious project, 
 to make the Queen fuller by the depofitions of 
 her own Child. 
 
 Chaumette caufed him to be intoxicated, with 
 "an intent to fuggelt the horrible dcpolitions, which 
 were put in the mouth of this innocent and un- 
 happy victim.. Chaumette wiihed to carry fo far 
 his execrable fchqme, as to make the child appear 
 againft his mother, and oppole both, face to face, 
 in the open court: but the Commons of Paris 
 refufed their affent to the diabolical meafurc, left 
 the public (hould take notice of the child's intox- 
 ication, or to look upon the whole as a flagrant 
 Impofture. Imagination cannot paint the heart- 
 felt affliction of the court of Vienna, as well as of 
 the City ; mod of thofe Inhabitants remember 
 itill the heart-breaking farewell of the Arch- 
 duchefs Marie Antoinette, from the arms of the im- 
 mortal Maria There/a^ in the year 1770. 
 
 Moft certainly this unfortunate Queen was a 
 precious pledge to the National Convention, of 
 which they might have availed themfelves to their 
 advantage ; for there is nothing the Court of Vi- 
 enna would not have facrificed for her fafety. 
 Her Life was of greater value than all the fortified 
 Towns, and the deli re to fave her Life would 
 have ftifled the views offelf-intcreft. 
 
 By this Inftance of Barbarity, all the world muft 
 be clearly convinced, that the National Conven- 
 tion, far froni acting for the welfare of the People,
 
 has no other con fidcrations, than to fatisfy a thirft 
 of Blood, hitherto known only to wild Beafts. 
 Thefe Members have murdered Religion, and have 
 maffacred Chriftianity. It ftill remains quite 
 trefli in the memory of the Citizens of Vienna, 
 that Maria Antoinetta, daughter of Maria The- 
 refa Queen of Hungary, at her departure from her 
 Mother, was almoft drowned in tears. Arrived 
 at Lintz, on her way to Paris, fhe ftill infifted to 
 return to Vienna ; and even at Augiburg, ftie 
 repeatedly cried out, < f Any ivbere but to France /" 
 The Imperial Refident there had much to do to 
 perfuade the favourite Daughter of Maria There fa 
 to continue her journey to that unfortunate Ca- 
 pital. 
 
 The Prophecy is daily verified. Let us read 
 the decree of the Municipality relative to fufpecled 
 Perfons ; and that refpecting the Members of the 
 Conftituent AfTembly, who voted for an amnefty 
 when Louis XVI. accepted their Conftitution j 
 and we ihall fee that they are now ready to fall into 
 the Pit which they dug for thofe who were faithful 
 to the defenders of the ancient French Monarchy. 
 
 From the firft Period when his moft Chriftian 
 Majefty Louis XVI. (as the prudent and wife 
 Council of the moft gracious King of Great Bri- 
 tain lays), had called his People around him, to 
 join in concerting meafurcs for their common 
 Happinefs ; the King has uniformly Ihewn by his 
 conduct, the fincerity of his wifhes, for thefuccefe 
 of ib difficult, but, at the fame time, fo interefting 
 -an undertaking. His Majefty was deeply afflicted 
 with all the misfortunes which enfued, but par- 
 ticularly when he perceived more and more evi. 
 -dently, that meafures, the confequencc of which 
 hetould not difguife from himfeif, muft finally 
 compel him to relinquiili the friendly and pacific 
 Jyiiem which be had adopted. The moment at
 
 length arrived, when his Majefly favv that it was 
 necellary for him, not only to defend his own 
 Rights and thofe of his Allies, not only to repel 
 the unjtift aggreffion which he had recently expe- 
 rienced, but that all the deareft Interefts of his 
 People impofed upon him a duty ilill more impor- 
 tant, that of exerting his efforts for the preferva- 
 tion of civil Society itfelf, as happily eftablifhed 
 among the Nations of Europe: The Defigns 
 which had been profefled of reforming the abufes 
 of the Government of France, of eftablifting per- 
 Ibnal Liberty and the Rights of Property on a 
 folid foundation, of fccuring to an extenfive and 
 populous Country the benefit of a wife Legiflati- 
 on, and an equitable and mild adminiilration of 
 Laws ; all thefe ialutary views have unfortunately 
 vanifhed. In their place has fucceeded a iyltcm 
 deltrucYrve of all public order, maintained by Pro- 
 fcriptions, exiles, and confifcations without num- 
 ber, by arbitrary Improvements, by MaJacres 
 which cannot even be remembered without horror; 
 and at length by the execrable murder of a juft 
 and beneficent Sovereign, and of the Ilhiftrious 
 Princcfs,\vho,vvith an imihaken Firmnets,has lhared 
 all the misfortunes of her Royal Confort, his pro- 
 tracted uifferingR, his cruel captivity, his ignomi-- 
 nious Death. The Inhabitants of that unfortu- 
 nate Country, fo long flattered by promifes of hap- 
 pinefs, renewed at the period of every trelh crime, 
 have found thcinfelves plunged into an abyfs of 
 unexampled Calamities ; and neighbouring Na- 
 tions, inftead of deriving a new fecurity for the 
 maintenance of general Tranquillity from the 
 eftabliihmerit of a wife and moderate Government, 
 have been expofed to the repeated attacks of a fe- 
 rocious anarchy, the natural and neceilary Enemy 
 of aL public order: they have had to encounter 
 acts cf aggreiiion without pretext, open violations
 
 of all Treaties, unprovoked declarations of war : 
 in a word, \vhatevercorruption, intrigue or vib- 
 lence could effect, for the purpofe fo openly avow- 
 ed, of fubverting all the inftitutions of Society, 
 and of extending over all the Nations of Eu- 
 rope that con fuii on which has produced the 
 Mifery of France. By thefe circumilances every 
 body may know, that the unruled Liberty is the 
 mother of villainy. 
 
 The Prophecies of the fagacious Francis Moore, 
 Phyiician, are in fome refpecl verified ; this Doc 
 tor either is in the fecret with the Divine Maker, 
 or with the Mundane Potentates - t I have not fuf- 
 ficient judgment to difcover it. 
 
 Thele Prophecies, in my opinion, are not 
 much enigmatical to be underftood; but diffident 
 on my own judgment, I leave the Readers this 
 tafk to judge as they think the moft proper. The 
 fubjoined Prophecies are intitled as follows: 
 
 Aftronomical Obfervations on the four quar- 
 ters of the year, made by Francis Moore, 
 in June 1791. 
 
 tr The Benevolent Afpects of fome of the fu- 
 perior and inferior Planets in the laft, prefent, 
 and fucceeding months, do fignify the ftrong en- 
 deavours and pains of many judicious and honeft 
 Patriots, in feveral Countries and Kingdoms, to 
 reconcile the apparent controverfies among the 
 Grandees of Europe, but \ve are doubtful of their 
 abilities to perform or conclude them. Near this 
 time I expect w-e fhall hear of an eminent mar- 
 riage, or one in agitation ; but on the other 
 hand, malicious fcribbling and lying reports, &c. 
 The Trojan Hcrfe was not fuller of Ruin than 
 the Bowels of Italy is with enfuing calamities ; 
 the Pope's Pop-guns are no more feared, his 
 thunders no more dreaded ; the people of France 
 and fome other Countries too (which 1 could
 
 name) have all in their turns, more than once 
 affronted his Holinefs, and evidently {hewn that 
 they have no manner of veneration for him or his 
 fuppofed Apoftolical Authority, than as tools 
 to their Ambition. His truly Janizaries, the 
 Jefuits, alfo are hated by all Mankind ; how many 
 are happy and flouriihing by the fpoili of this 
 Generation of Viper;*, the decrepid age of the 
 Papacy, and its tyrannical genius! the iaturell of 
 Princes to feize the immemc iliches and PoJlef- 
 fions, the fcene of affairs in i v ranee, as now cir- 
 cumftanced ; and, final!}, the diftaite that all 
 men begin to have for the Government of Priclts, 
 the moil oppreffive and tyrannical of all others, 
 are all ftrong Preemptions of the approaching 
 ruin of Prielily Government and Popifh Tyran- 
 ny. Let us all, as true Englifhmen, and good 
 Proteftants, render Thanks to bounteous Heaven, 
 for the many great Mercies and Benefits we en- 
 joy, whilit others are mourning in blood, duft, 
 and alhes ; and never let us forget our deliver- 
 ances from the Ravages of Tyranny and Popilh 
 arbitrary Power, 
 
 September. 
 
 \Ve are now hafteuing to anothei* of if. an4 
 1? . The reiteration of thefe oppofitions will not 
 only caufe much trouble and difturbance in the 
 Church (and it may caufe a defection therefrom) 
 but alfo much afflk't the noble Houfe of Auftria ; 
 for the \j falls in Libra, under which Sign are 
 the Territories of that great Family. Yet here 
 is nothing that can fignify the Ruin thereof; for 
 although Saturn cait his oppolition into Libra, 
 yet he exalted there, and therefore doubtlefs will 
 not fo malignantly Jhew his Power and Evil In- 
 fluences. They may involve fome part of Auftria 
 or itg Arch Duke into Broils and Contentions
 
 with fome Neighbour, King, or Prince ; but thefe 
 configurations can never lignify the Extirpation 
 of the Auftrian Power. Thole Kingdoms, iubject 
 to Sign Aries, will alfo be paifive in the conjec- 
 tures of affairs ; but the Prefence of the Planet 
 Saturn therein, Ihews rather the diflcminating of 
 fome novel opinions, or the difientions of turbu- 
 lent and factious ipirits, than any real controver- 
 jfies and civil wars. Some Authors fuppofe Libra 
 to be the Horofcope of France, and fome that of 
 Aries. Hence France is likewife likely to be 
 concerned in the above Particulars, of which let 
 Time difcover. The kingdoms of England, Ger- 
 many, Denmark, and the Cities of Florence, 
 Naples, Padua, are reputed to be under Aries 
 alfo. The dire Effects of thefe Oppositions, &c. 
 are not to be expected to operate all at one Time, 
 but that their Influences will wander from one 
 part of the world to another in time; for, al- 
 though they may create Troubles in Europe dur- 
 ing the laft and prefent year, and perhaps a year 
 or two forward, yet their chief malignity may 
 more be manifefled about the year 1801, accord- 
 ing as the Configurations of other Planets and 
 Stars (or Comets) may intervene to forward or 
 fruftrate their malevolent tendency, which w r e 
 mean in fome meafure to point out to you in 
 the different years as we pals on. The $ of 
 i; and 7? in <YS 1762, forebode great Troubles 
 to our Nation, which was confirmed by the great 
 Eclipfe of the Sun in v in 1764: at laft came 
 the Comet of 1769, with its Tail or Bruih 
 ft reaming towards Mie weft, pointing out in a 
 lingular manner, where thefe Troubles were to 
 begin (moft of which I pointed out to you in. 
 thofe years) and then as foon as % and T? came 
 to an opposition from x and njj in 1773, then, I 
 .fay* k^ 11 to ' oe fermented and fbon broke out
 
 that unhappy and unnatural civil war in North 
 America. God prcferve our moit gracious King 
 and Queen ! to which let all true Britons fay 
 Amen ! 
 
 1792 
 June. 
 
 The laft Month or two prooluced foms violent 
 afpects amongft the Planets, from which we may 
 afluredly expect actions and accidents, fuitable to 
 their own Natures and Influx. There is a Cup 
 of Vengeance preparing for the French and Ro- 
 mifh Faction, for they have for many years paft 
 been the Inftrumentof Injuftice, Cruelty and Mur- 
 der. It is well known that France formerly had 
 defigned the ruin of the Houfe of Auftria, and 
 for that purpofe had intrigued with Spain ; ihc 
 laboured to fubdue Holland, to demolifii the 
 Empire of England, and to rear an univerfal 
 Monarchy upon the Ruins of all together; but 
 that Nation now begins to be wonderfully en- 
 lightened, as appears from the glorious and hap- 
 py fpirit of Liberty, that has fo recently taken 
 place among them, which I hope will continue to 
 increafe againft all impediments and obftructions; 
 whatever, and will, in Time, prove of the greateft 
 Blefling that the People can poffibly expect and 
 hope for. This liberal fpirit, I fay, will in the 
 end, very much change and alter thofe political 
 views of France, both to the advantage of herfelf 
 and others Nations. 
 
 Auguft. 
 
 This Month is ufliered in with a of ij and 
 from whence we may expect to hear of many 
 Reports, both true and falfe ; and it is very likely 
 to be a Time of much Buftle and Stir. This to-- 
 getlicr with the $ of 1? and 9 > fignifies wars.
 
 murders, and much bloodfhcd ; and though the 
 world is always full of Fraud and Villainy, yet at 
 this time you will ice it more bare-faced and no- 
 torious. Saturn alfo fignifies the Romifh Clergy ; 
 this of i? and $ will difcover and detect fome 
 of their wicked Intrigues and Defigns againft the 
 Peace of the French Nation ; it alfo fignifies 
 Troubles and Difturbances in Poland, from the 
 Turks or Tartars, and danger of the Breach of 
 Peace- betwixt the two Empires, as alfo between 
 the Emperor and the Swedifh King; it alfo pre- 
 fages ficknels or fome other Troubles in Ireland, 
 and in Part confirms the late oppofitions of Jupi- 
 ter and Saturn, the effects of which, it is to be 
 feared, will not fo fuddenly determine. I fear 
 many will Tuffer upon the account of Religion 
 that live under the Laws and Government of 
 Popifh Princes ; Imprifonment, Exiles, Slavery, 
 is like to be the Fate of many. The Pope and 
 his fcarlet Brethren, the Conclave of holy Cardi- 
 nals, are in a high ferment, divifions and difap- 
 pointments attend their Councils and Aclions, 
 their Period is almoft done, and their time is but 
 fhort ; God hath given them up into their own 
 Hands to wound and deftroy, and extirpate one 
 another; for when a Kingdom is divided againft 
 itfelf it cannot ftand. The French are threat- 
 ened with danger, and their Monarch with the 
 diflike of his people, and this I expe<5t may have 
 taken place before now ; but yet after all, the 
 Face of things feems to look with a moderate good 
 Countenance, and matters are tranfacled with 
 Prudence and Judgment by the National AfTem- 
 bly of that Kingdom, and many great and 
 weighty matters are wifely managed by them. 
 
 November. 
 The Planet Saturn is now moving backwards
 
 out of Taurus again into Aries, where he has 
 been ever fince the beginning of the year 1791 ; 
 this long Tranfit of ^ in the Equinoclial Cardi- 
 nal fign Aries, the afcendant of England, and his 
 alfo being therein during his repeated oppofitiou 
 with the benevolent Jupiter, fhews that the grum- 
 bling Fry are ftill difcontented, and nibbling at 
 what they cannot touch without burning their 
 Fingers ; libelling and induftrioufly diitributing 
 their pen -feathered arguments, which being but 
 upon Paper Foundations, are blown into the Air 
 by the firft blaft of Refentment from a prudent 
 King and a wife Council. 
 
 December. 
 
 I have lately feen a Prophecy written fix or 
 feven hundred years fince ; taken out of the Li- 
 brary of St. Victor at Paris, which is to this effect: 
 te Woe to thee, thou feven-hill'd City (Rome) 
 when Liberty fpreads in France, for then the fall 
 and deftrucYion of thy mighty men is at hand J 
 Woe to thee thou City of Blood, full of lying, 
 falfhood and violence, the voice of the fcourge 
 and of warlike horfes and chariots, fhall not de- 
 part from thee ! 
 
 Thy gold is darkened, ruft hath confumed it 
 and fpoiled it." That is, the gold of God's word is. 
 obfcured, and religion is corrupted, &c. 
 
 The Pope's power will receive a very great 
 (hock, civil and religious, before the year of our 
 Lord 1800, or near that time. 
 
 '793 
 June. 
 
 Aflrological obfervations on mundane affairs. 
 
 Among the many configurations of the Planets 
 for two or three months paft, that of the conjunc* 
 tion of Saturn and Mars in Taurus, a cold, clry,
 
 nocturnal fign, is moft \\urthy obfe.rvation, as it 
 denotes quarrels, murders, and deceits among 
 men ; the highways are inllfted with villains and 
 Thieves during the fpring quarter, \vcmay expect 
 to hear of murders and IMoodfncd, and though the 
 world is always full of fraud and vilk-im , yet in 
 thole Months you will fee it more public and 
 notorious. The learned Efcuidas fays,compunctio 
 media Saturni, c. Martis figniiica.t eventus, 
 &c. res maximus. Bottatusalfo lays, fuch a poii- 
 tion lignifies many Evils and remarkable Tranf- 
 actions. It fignities an interruption in public 
 affairs, and obft ruction' to the advantageous de- 
 figns under confideration for the Peace of Man- 
 kind ; ftirring up Proceedings and Ferments and 
 Heats in the Councils and Courts of Princes, tend- 
 ing to confufion and to hatch and contrive Plots 
 againft the eftablilhed Governments in certain 
 Kingdoms of Europe. Kow full of bufmefs'the 
 Stateimen of Europe are ! How they meet and con- 
 i'ult, aye and the Clergy too ! Perhaps fome great 
 convocation about this Time in France, and I 
 would {peak of other places too : Thefe things I 
 deiire may be obferved, for the fullnefs of Time 
 is arrnoit at hand. Ignorance alone is the Parent 
 of Bigotry, Superftition and Defpotiim ! If the In- 
 habitants of every country were to wait the ad- 
 vantages got by any war, againft the certain 
 Evils which attend it, they would feduloufly avoid 
 quarrels, which for the jnoft part end only in an 
 accumulation of debt and Taxes. But the time 
 is come, \\hen it does not require the gift of Pro- 
 phecy to forefee, that Defpocifm, Bigotry, and the 
 Inquifition (which, under the pretende of faving 
 men's Souls, actually deftroy their Bodies) mull 
 " be, ere long annihilated both in Spain and in 
 Portugal. The prevalence of Reafon, of Truth 
 and of Knowledge in France, mufi illuminate all
 
 round, and will certainly produce civil and reli- 
 gious Liberty in all thole Countries of Europe, 
 where they are at prefent lealt imderftood. That 
 the heavenly Bodies, 1 fay, incline or manifeft the 
 Temperature of man to be vicious or virtuous, but 
 in no wile compel the inclination to be iuch ; 
 therefore I defire to be underftood when 1 am 
 ipeakingon mundane affairs, I am only Ihewing how 
 the Stars incline, not con ft rain or compel men to 
 bad actions. 
 
 Oftober. 
 
 The configurations of the Planets, Eclipfes, 
 &c. are likevvife figns and portents of future 
 Events, that rcfpecl the atfairs of the world. Buc 
 to return : England, our flourilhing Ifland (not- 
 with Handing all defperate attempts mu^e thefe 
 late years) continues ftill in much fplendour, and 
 mod excellent order, and every man doth or may 
 enjoy his Peace without the leaft fear of molefta- 
 tion, which isfo great a Happinefs, thatthoufands 
 in the World would think themfelves alrnoft in. 
 Heaven to enjoy the fame, and we cannot fuffici- 
 entiy prize ib great aBlefling, yet the ipirits of 
 fome Perfons amongft us are ftill difquieted, and 
 they are too fubjecl to repine : but take heed and 
 beware, O fond man ! employ thy wits better, left 
 you fplit your fliip upon the Rock of Comufion. 
 The French feem (October) not to be altogether 
 fortunate near thefe Times, and their affairs feenx 
 to meet with fome interruption. Divers Cities in 
 Spain feem to be in an ill condition ; and 1 think 
 Ibrnething in that Kingdom is preparing, and not 
 far off neither; when it comes, it will be like the 
 overflowing of the Nile or the deluge of Noah. 
 
 November. 
 
 Sweden fuflfersfome unforeieen mifchiefs, old mat- 
 ters are trumped up again to fupport fome unjuit 
 actions. Thefnakein thegrafsisnotyetdiicovered.
 
 December. 
 
 Great Infurre&ions have appeared or will foon 
 happen at Conftantinople, and many- outrages com- 
 mitted there ; even fo far as to threaten the life of 
 the Grand Signior himfelf. Rebellions in feveral 
 Parts of the Turkifh Dominions, fermented by a 
 Bafhaof Three Tails and other great Men in Power, 
 who opprefs and rob the public, for which they 
 will be obliged to fubmit their necks to the bow- 
 firing. Some animofities are likely to break out 
 between the Pope and fome other ftates concerning 
 the extent of his Holinefs's authority in forne reli- 
 
 ious matters. God preferve his Majefty of Great 
 ritair;, and all the Royal Family, and grant him 
 a long and profperous Reign ! Amen. 
 
 Let us now part with the Prophecies of the moft 
 learned Aftronomer Francis Moore, and return to 
 our firft argument : I fay again, it is aftonifhing 
 with how much facility modern writers of Tours 
 through the world, give an ample description of 
 foreign Manners, Cuftorns, Government and Re- 
 ligion, while they remain fo fhort a time in a Vil- 
 lage or City, that they refemble Figures in a ma- 
 gic lanthorn palling before the eye of the Spectator ; 
 but when we examine into the qualities which are 
 required for a Traveller, our furprife ceafes. I will 
 not meddle with the article of Government and Re- 
 jigion, that would be too tedious and difficult a 
 Jubjectfor me to undertake, neither have I time nor 
 intelligence fufficient to be fully intruded in fo 
 many things ; I will infert an hypothecs in this 
 Book only, concerning the ill judgment and fug- 
 geftcd ideas of fome writers, for inftance, if one 
 ihould' afk Mr. Rtklaiv about what Sorbiere has 
 faid of themaners of the Englilh, and feveral other 
 things Vhich that Traveller has obferved in Eng- 
 land, he would fay, that that man fancies Chimera's, 
 and knows not mofl times what he fays ; and if on 
 Should aik Mr InHloffitm, what he thinks of what
 
 Mr.Reltlaw has written the Cuftoms of the Italians, 
 he would have him Hill in lefs efteem than the 
 other. To fpeaU fincerely, 'tis pity that that man 
 who is (as fome people fay) other wife learned and 
 worthy of great efieem, but blinded with and 
 blefTed by an innate Prejudice againft the Italians, 
 can conceive but falfe Ideas of them. He judges 
 of every thing that is done in Italy, by what he 
 finds upon his arrival at Venice ; and in two days 
 of his refidence there, his antipathy being con- 
 ftantly working on him like a burning and raging 
 fever, one may fee that it is againfc his nature, 
 when he is forced to fpeak well even of thofe who 
 have done kindnefs, and that he is in his element, 
 when in general, and according to his c.uftom, he 
 fpeaks ill of all. I never met with a writer fo ter- 
 rible upon his point, though at the fame time, I 
 have feen few people but who are fick of the lame 
 diltemper when they come todefcribe the manners, 
 cuftoms, Religion and Government of foreign na- 
 tions. I dare fay, that the filence which I have al-. 
 moft always obferved upon this point, do^s not 
 proceed from the fear I have had of the ill Effects 
 of my prejudice, b'eing, I believe as much upon 
 my guard as many men can be againft that enemy 
 of Realbn and Truth; and my exile having on the 
 other hand made me'fenfible enough that I have 
 no particular Country here below. But I thought 
 that not having had time enough to confider thofe 
 forts of things deliberately, I could not undertake 
 to fpeak much of them, without running the rifk 
 of committing many faults I will infert in this 
 work an abridgement of Tours through France, 
 Italy, Germany and Flanders, made by Mr. Rckla-x, 
 who gives an ample description of all Cities, Bo- 
 roughs, Villages, Mountains, Rivers, Palaces, 
 Churches, Pictures, Architectures, Arfenals, For- 
 ..trefifes, Manners, Cuftoms, RelS-'ioii and Charac-
 
 terofthe Italians. Entering Venice the i^th^of Sep- 
 tember 1787, and let out for Rome the i7th of 
 September 1/87. He entered J\t;iv,c the 27th of 
 September, and left it the 91)1 of October. 
 
 A Tour through Germany, Itaiv, France, and 
 dersj made b'> IVir. Rif-.. 
 
 (See I\;gj i.> Set oil:' from London on a 
 Tour ti.Kv.ih Fkndtis, Germany, Italy, and 
 Frnnce, Augult 21 ft 1787. Left 1 own through 
 a Fortrcfs of Dui: with ii,me difficulty, occafioued 
 by Carts, Waggons, Coaches, &c. arrived late at 
 Dover ; embark ? d at 8 on Tudaay czd, a:ici ar- 
 rived after a pleafant fail at 12, in Calais, &c. 
 
 (Page 2.) We arrived at the great Military 
 Road making from Graveling" to Dunkirk. 
 (Page 5.) Our route to Nieuport v.as 12 miles 
 t>n the lea funds, fo near the water that old 
 Ocean walhed our Chariot v/1 etls. (Page 7.) 
 The Emperor's poflHlions in this part were too 
 much like the reft of this day's journey, to afford 
 us much pleafine in profpecls, &c. but happily 
 for us we met none, or fcurcely fnw a living Cv 
 ture till we arrived at Olicnd (rage 9.) Though 
 the night was approaching, v. e lit cut for Bruges. 
 {Page n.) Our lucceeding loute to Ghent was 
 through iiniit avenues on pavcmeiit, and in a 
 rich Cot; . This 2jd of AcigulU (Page 
 
 17.) 24th Auguu. Tins incrn. 1 :!^ we aiTivcd 
 at Ghent, a walie City, well buiit, of white 
 Houfes, with n^try noble jrjbjic Buildings, 
 . Churche- . occ. (Page 
 
 20.) I-cing d( term:>ied tc : lathis night, 
 
 We. abridged ourdelire of \\ander' ng- round this 
 "beautiful, but defrrted CitA , rhrough 
 
 fcveral j^retty Towns and '' 01 d live \.\ 
 
 brewgbt i.'s to jJriilltN, hue n Ibre night. 
 
 (Pa^e 31.) -\Ve palled th . };irtty 
 
 Tc\vi;son the way to Louvain, where \ve arrived^/-
 
 break fail, Auguft 26th., and were much furprifed 
 with the general appearance of this Univerfity. 
 (Page 33.) From Louvain we travelled through 
 a rich and well cultivated Country, law feverai 
 large Monafteries, and pafTed ieveral pretty 
 Towns. The Country has been unequal in 
 gently rifing Hills, ever fmce we left Bruflels, 
 and the foil gloomy. The entrance of Liege was 
 old, fteep and dirty ; this ancient City lies in a 
 hollow, and is alinoft furrounded by a Branch of 
 the Rhine, divided into various ftreams. ( Page 38. ) 
 Our way to Aix la Chapelle commenced through 
 winding vallies, woody and much in the ftile of 
 Derbylhire ; the Road very uneven and tedious. 
 (Page 44.) From hence we rode through a fine 
 Country to Juliers a poor Town. (Page 48 ) 
 Through an avenue of lime trees of feven miles 
 in length, we entered Cologne. Early this morn- 
 ing we fallied forth to view this ancient City. 
 (Page 59.) On our departure I rode triumph- 
 ant over the Rhine in our Chaife on a float 
 \vhrch held fix or eight laden waggons. 
 (Page 63.) Our route was now over Hills 
 and through Vallies, great Forefts of Lime Trees- 
 enveloped us this hour, and great (tones obftruc"ted 
 our progrefs all day. (Page 64.) Limburg is a 
 walled Town, appears very old with narrow 
 ftreets, and dirt in all its glory ; we only changed 
 Horfes here, folcnow little about it, and proceed- 
 ed forward to Wirges, which is Edinburgh in 
 Miniature. (Page 65.) Frankfort is a large and 
 beautiful City. (Page 69.) In the Road from 
 Frankfort to Worms, the firft poft is through a 
 wafteForeft for upwards of twelve miles, and the 
 Roads and Country are of fuch deep and loofc 
 fand, the duft and our progrefs were both into- 
 lerable, &c. we approached at the Rhine, we 
 crolled this noble River again, as we did at Cob-
 
 lertz. {Page 71.) The Country from Worms 
 to Manheiiu is a flat Vale, between high but dif- 
 tant Mc-ir--'taifts (Page 72.) We paiTed through 
 feveral prrf-y Towns all walled, befo/e we ar- 
 rived at M; rht ni, and \\e entered this Capital 
 over a Br.Jge of >V .its lour hundred yard , long, 
 and about ieventy Boats, &c. (Page 77.) Heii- 
 cLiUi'-c.h v .-^ a little out of the \vay, but \ve were 
 detcrr-i-r . ^ ice 'u lingular a Town and Caflle 
 info fiogulai a iituation, :c. (Fnge 81.) We 
 paf'cj tiirough feveral walled Towns, on a Hill 
 near one of them, called Wiflock, \ve law a iquare 
 R'.un/n lov>cr, f:iid to be b' nit by Titus, &c. 
 (Pa^e 82. We r.o\v .Vit the Eaftern Mountains, 
 and croffing the e:r'' five plain, approached the 
 Rhine, and the Weftern Mountains in our way 
 to Straiburg. .Strafburg fiands about t\vo miles to 
 the Well ofiheRnine, &c. (Strafburg is out of 
 cf tbr way, as it frauds near to Phaljburg, S'averne, 
 Wiltcn and Stisfoi.) (Page 88.) We llept at 
 the Inn where the Emperor lodged when he 
 vllitcd France ; and a very good Picture of him 
 and the Duke of Milan was in my chamber. We 
 left Strafburg approached the Weftern Moun- 
 tains. (Page 95.) September 6th. This morn- 
 ing's ride from Engin to Stockach was through 
 a piclinefvjue Country, &c. (Page 98.) At a 
 place called Donavcfiguigen we patted a fimple, 
 but ingenious wooden Bridge, we came to a mag- 
 nificent and large Convent. ( Page 99. ) At A Idorf 
 where we lodged, there is a fimilar Mcnaltery of 
 Bernardines, &c. (Page 101.) Towards Kemp- 
 ton indeed, the afyec'r of the Country and the 
 Habitations, the Country begins to be very rug- 
 ged and uneven, &c. (Page 102.) Kemp*.on is 
 a i.vetty looking Town. (Puge 103.) \Vewere 
 benighted long before we reached Feufcn, the 
 road was narrow, fieep and roughj &c. Pag
 
 104.) The Town of Feufen ftands on a craggy 
 Eminence, Surrounded with wooded Prcci] 
 (Page no.) We readied Infpruck about two in 
 the morning, and at ieven began our Pream- 
 bulation through its Streets, Palaces,, G.-.rden."., 
 Churches, Convents, &c. (Page 114.) I a' ^ 
 now writing at Bre.mner, a lone Houie in thef? 
 wilds. (Page 116.) Our tour from Brenmc.' 
 to Brixen was a continued and itecp defcent, &c. 
 (Page 117.) Six polls com pleated our day's 
 journev, and fet us down at Bolzano. (Page 1 18.) 
 Our ride this morning towards Trent (14 Sept.) 
 uas much like our paft Tirolean Peregrination* 
 viz. winding round immenfe Mountains, &c- 
 (Page 1 24.) The Road from Trent towards Ve- 
 rona was much like the Scenes of the Jail four 
 Days, only the Impofitions of all we had to do 
 \vithincreafed. (Page 126.) Now we have en- 
 tered Italy, ftrange Sights grow upon us The 
 City of Verona far exceeds the Ideas I had enter- 
 tained of its Size and Magnificence, &c. (Page 
 1 34. ) Vicenza would have not been worth notice 
 but'fpr the admirable Architecture of Pal'adio, 
 who lived and died here, and adorned this wretched 
 Place with many of his bed Specimens, &c. 
 (Page 137-) Our route to Padua was ftill over a 
 dead but fertile flat. .We entered this ancient City 
 in the Dark, through narrow Streets, all piazza'd ; 
 we arrived at the Three Crowns, got a bad fup- 
 per, and went to Straw .Beds without Curtains, as 
 uiual, this was no Calamity; our Sheets though 
 coarfc were generally clean, and our fatigue made 
 them Beds of Down, &c. (Page 142.) I am now 
 writing in a Boat on the Brenta, in which we 
 embarked this morning with our carriage 
 and am failing in fine weather vith the 
 itream to Venice, &c. (Page 14."?.) -We then 
 entered the grand Canal among Thoufands of
 
 Gondolas; patted by the grandeft and oddeft 
 Houfes which we have feen in our Tour, to the 
 Ecu de France, near the Rial to, &c, (Page 145.) 
 Our lodgings are elegant and in the middle of the 
 City j we pay about half-a-guinca per Day for 
 three bed-chambers and a dtmng-Room : mine 
 happens to be that in which the Emperor flept in 
 the year 1775, anc ^ n *s Arms ar *d Infcription de- 
 corate the Room, &c. (Page 156.) It was now 
 near dark, September 15, 1787, ib we returned to 
 St. Mark's Place, to fee the Promenade which takes 
 place there every evening, &c. (Page 157.) It 
 is a particular unhappinefs to me, thar I can no 
 further converfe with the Italians than fo far as my 
 wants go. I therefore judge of every thing by the 
 eye This may often be fallacious, yet if by this 
 organ I might be allowed to guels at the character 
 of thele people, I fhould think the older men, and 
 thofe of forne Rank, to be fagacious, cool, and 
 prudent; yet with fome of the follies of their youth 
 remaining. The younger men purfuing pleafure 
 with prudent avidity, careful not to offend the 
 public Eye by indecency, or froiickfome behavi- 
 our j but fyftemical and orderly in their groffeft 
 vices, grave, proud, confequential, lirtle inform- 
 ed, emaciated, and active about nothing. As to 
 the lower orders of men, they icem what \\e call 
 blackguards in the mod favr.oe ienle of the word : 
 fitrce, noify, cunning, irritable, readv to ftab 
 one another upon the fhghteft offence, and ever 
 on the watch to cheat or impofe upon ftr^ngers ; 
 illiterate, fuperfiitious, revengeful ; in ihort a more 
 fhocking part of the human Race my eyes never 
 beheld ; as for the women, I have feen too little 
 Y~V it) of them to form any opinion of their 
 character worth writing, or which can be much 
 depended on. The arts of allurement feem to haV 
 engrofied their greateft attention. They icem to
 
 confider themfelves as made only for the orofTeft 
 pleafu res of the other lex ; -'vit r iring -'l.i.dence, 
 that feiifiKliry and information which u;::..; aufties 
 (his Dulcinea of LJ r '^' } my dear country wo- 
 men has no place i;- t'.c character o. in Italian- 
 defign, afTecled attachment, dinV.in];^: -. roq-ie- 
 try % cunning, yet devils incarnate v. ' en t ' I oy 
 jealoufy or neglect, &:c. (Pa^e 160.) S< 
 16 September, 1787. We rrive v'' % ed twenty- 
 Churches this morning, the Palaces of Pi/^aro and 
 Carnero, &c. Venice, September 16. 1787. (the 
 dale of ibe Month is loft.) We are juft returned 
 from an Oratorio performed in or.e of tl-.e Churches, 
 &c. (Page 164.) In the public Library -are fome 
 good antique Statues, Bufts, and Altars, Greek 
 and Roman, .&c. The Arfenal is the greater! 
 Lion in Venice; the Entrance is guarded by two 
 marble Lions, &c. (Page 165.) Our next vifit 
 was to the Block-makers. The Rope-walk has its 
 roof fupported by two rows of malty Pillars, &c. 
 (Page i66 v ) The Carpenters alfo work in a place, 
 but here we fiw them bending a plank, by holding 
 it over a blazing fire, and wetting it with a Mop, 
 &c. Having thus far examined the materials, we 
 now vifited the fhips themftives, each of which 
 has a' good honil ro itfelf. The Fleet lately com- 
 manded by Couni Emo xvas laying at a diftance 
 from Venice. (Pa,-*e 167.) Our next vifit wns to 
 the magnificent Bark, in which the Dos;e rmrrie s 
 the Sea, called the Buctntoro, &c. (Page 169.) 
 W T e found the Palace of Barbarigo contains more 
 Pictures of Tnian nhan any Church or Houle in 
 Venice. (Page 17"..} I am now writing on the 
 Adriatic, having left V-r.ice at twelve this morn- 
 ing, Monday, Sepc^no"- 1707, when the wind 
 was fo ftrong againft j^ we v\ere obliged to fhel- 
 ter under tlie Gindecca till it turned a iictlc in our 
 fav our about three, and we vcumred out with eight
 
 rowers and three Seamen, with the Captain that 
 brought us from Padua, and are now making our 
 way towards the Mouth of Po. (Page 1 72.) We 
 have juft patted the difgraced Fleet of Count 
 Emo, who was returned 1'rom the Barbary Coaft, 
 \vithout Laurels, and ieveral floats with 
 machines for driving Piles and fixing great ftones 
 under water. (Page 173.) On the whole, though 
 Venice is ftill a large and fine City, it is certainly 
 Hot equal to what it has been ; declination is vi- 
 iible in every feature of it, the people are too foft 
 find indolent to cut any figure in trade. (Page 
 1 8 1.) Tuefday Morning, September igth, we 
 are now failing on the Po, into which we looked 
 Up about four feet out of Canals, fo conclude the 
 Po to be that height above the Adige. (Page 
 183.) Wednefday ipth September. Having 
 nothing to fee, nor any thing to do, we all are 
 fcribbling, though we have nothing before us 
 worthy of defcription, alighting from the boat, 
 *e walked near four miles (the Cbaije, Chariot, 
 and carriage are loft) wondered at the great Bank 
 that guards the Country, which we could fcarcely 
 think worth guarding four, barren, ruihy, full of 
 willows; and the Lombardy poplar, very few 
 grapes, and thcfe very four a beautiful Road, 
 with two rows of poplars on each fide, led us in- 
 to Ferrara, a ftrongly fortifier'. Town of itrait ill- 
 built ftrcets. (Page 186.) rive Pofts from Fer- 
 rara brought us to Bologna, &c. The firft fight 
 I faw this merning, 2o f h of September, was the 
 manner of fqueezing the juice from the grape - 
 a huge veflel as largj as a waggon, made of 
 boards and fome times lined with fheet copper, 
 is placed on a waggon ; and filled with grapes in 
 the field a hole is then opened in the bottom of 
 it and a vailH placed underneath, when a Man 
 with naked legs and feet gets in among the grapes
 
 and .walks about among them tip to his knees, 
 till the wine is ail fqueezed out. (Page 193.) In 
 Bologna there is perhaps the tailed Tower for 
 its thickncls, of any in the world, it is 527 feet 
 high, and its fide on a medium (for it grows 
 fmaller and i'maller as one aicends) about ten 
 feet ; it is called the Afinelly Tower, and is laid to 
 lean 31 feet out of its perpendicular it is of brick, 
 and wa- built in 1 109, Our heads muft needs turn 
 round on the top of this Tower; but we were 
 amply recompensed by the view \ve law Milan 
 ( tbc City of Milan /<? dijlant from Ijologna about one 
 hundred andfixty miles) Ferrara, tiie Alps,Appen- 
 nines, &c. and the Town looked like a Map be- 
 neath our feet. (Page 195.) Our Road this day 
 was through a flat but line Country to Iniola 
 where we llept, and purfued our way towards 
 Lorretto;about three miles further we palled the 
 Rubicon, &c. (Page 196.) Rimini next en- 
 gaged our attention, &c. (Page 197.) We cal- 
 led at Fano. (Page 199.) The new Town of 
 Senigalia is built with brick and well fortified in 
 the modern way. (Page 200.) The ancient 
 Town of Ancona, its fafety from enemies is com- 
 manded by a itrong and ex ten live Citadel on the 
 top of the Hill. (Page 201.) Lorrcto Sept. 22, 
 1 787. Our route from Ancona hither, was through 
 a barren and Mountainous Country. We were 
 obliged to have a yoke of Oxen added to our Ca- 
 valry, to mornt the Hill on which the Holy City 
 is built. (Page 209.) The Thoufands which 
 this Building impoiu.re brings to this place, fills 
 it with impoiing Landlords, impudent Cicero- 
 nies, and fach numbers of ifflpdrtunate Beggars, 
 as would ftock a whole Kingdom. An Omelet, 
 and three dirty Beds, one nigiit, colt us near two 
 guineas at the poll houfe. (Page 210.) Sept. 
 24,we entered the Appen nine Mountains in good
 
 but very uneven Roads, &c. (Page 2 12.) We 
 entered Spoleto, which is a .walled Town in a 
 hollow. The Road from Spoleto to Terny, winds 
 along with the dry Bed of a River, very much 
 inclined in its defccnt, and cut out of the Rock 
 which forms the River's Bank all the way. 
 (Page 214.) We faw not the Town of Narni, 
 for we paffed through it in the night to a wretch- 
 ed poft, where our fatigue became too violent for 
 dcipifing ft raw Beds, or the impoflibility of getting 
 a Supper, c. (Page 215.) Through this rough 
 and barren \vafte, we arrived at Civita Cafteilana, 
 the oddeft of all the odd Towns we have feen in 
 this country. (Page 217.) ^We crofled the Tiber, 
 c. and we entered the City of Rome through 
 the Gate del Popolo, &c. (Page 229.) Sept. 27, 
 1787. This afternoon I was led with my Cice. 
 roni to fee the Borghefi's Hotife, c. (Page 249.) 
 Sept. the firft (the date of the Month is loft.) This 
 day, on going into St. John's Lateran, we faw a 
 number of foidiers, and, to ourfurprize, -the Pope 
 himfelf, upon his knees before the difclofed heads 
 of St. Peter and St. Paul, &c. (Page 283.) Oc- 
 tober 5. This morning we vifited the the Pala- 
 tine Hill where Romulus fucked the Wolf, &c. 
 (Page 299.) We call Italy the Garden of the. 
 world, I can by no means think it fo. The cli- 
 mate is certainly a happy medium between the 
 Torrid and frigid Zones rather warmer indeed 
 than an Engliih conftitution can well bear; but 
 the foil bears no grafs, and of coarfe their beef, 
 and mutton, is wretched, &c. (Page 301.) By 
 what I can gather of the genteeler people here, 
 they are a foi't, effeminate, luxurious Race'; indo- 
 lent in the extreme, ignorant with the affectation 
 oT learning; and, with the ihew and face of Li- 
 berality ai.d freedom in thinking, arrant bigots 
 at the bottom, c.
 
 I deteft the women of this Country more than 
 even thofe of France : there is that kind of wanton 
 aflurance, thataftc6led ronfcquence, with the blind- 
 efl ignorance for its bafis ; that coquetry and low 
 cunning, that flattern, dirtinefs in their drefs; be- 
 fides their being fo flabby, fallow, pale, painted and 
 ugly, that altogether I never faw the human Fe- 
 male fo truly difguftful, &c. I have not feen a 
 piece of clean white linen fmce I entered Italy., on 
 manorwoman, &c. Page 319. What we did fee 
 in Rome gave us no very high opinion of the con- 
 veniencies, cleanlinefs, utenfils or management ift 
 it. There feems to be a kind of hugger-mugger 
 (a vulgar word, but I cannot find a better.) In the 
 living part of the firft houfe, we have feen a kind 
 of diforder and want of plan of rule a fomething 
 that looks uncomfortable and not like a home. 
 Their Beds are hard and moftly without hanging, 
 their Floors brick or plaiiter, their tables, chairs, 
 &c. clumfy and havy and their Kitchens a hor- 
 rid aiTemblage of dirt and villainous fmells. Pag* 
 325. Having fatisfied the various claimants who 
 belieged us overnight, we took our departure at 
 three this morning, October 9th, and are now wait- 
 ing for our Dinner at Roffiglione,, about thirty miles 
 from Rome, c. Page 362. We made this jour- 
 ney from Florence to Bologna in one Day, and the 
 next fct out for Modena, &c. Page 416. 
 
 France. 
 
 Entered this Kingdom at Beauvoifinin the Lyon- 
 cois, on Friday the 25th October 1 787. The Coun- 
 try for the firft twenty miles confifts of gently rifing 
 hills, &c. Page 426. Oftober sift (the date of 
 the month is left.) This day we travelled through 
 a flat but barren country, &c. Page 430. It is 
 now all Saints. This is great feftival, all Paris is a- 
 float - the Gardens the Churches, the btreets arc
 
 all full of People, &c. Page 439. 7th Novem- 
 ber 1787, obliged to fpend this day at Calais wind 
 high and contrary, &c. Page 441. Embarked 
 about nine in the morning, 8th November, on 
 board the Union Packet, with about thirty Paflen- 
 gers, &c. &c. 
 
 If we confider attentively the defcription of 
 Tours through Italy, Germany, France and Flan- 
 ders, of this Traveller, we will find that he is the 
 mod fingular man of all mortals, for having written 
 a book and at the fame time made a Tour from 
 London to Rome in thirty-five days, and from 
 Rome to London in twenty nine days. Indeed this 
 is a wonder which furpaffes thofe feven wonders of 
 the world, and what is more furprifmg is, that to 
 havepublifhed a Book in Octova of four hundred 
 and forty-two Pages, giving a defcrijption of all 
 the Cities, Villages, Boroughs, Mountains, Rivers, 
 Palaces, Churches, Pictures, Architectures, Arfe- 
 nals, FortrefTes, Manners, Cuftoms, Religion and 
 ' Character of the Italians, entering Venice the i5th 
 of Sept. 1787, and going out of it the ijth of the 
 fame month, and goin^ into Rome the iyth Sept. 
 1787, and having left it the 9th of October, 1787. 
 O what man ! what clever man is this Traveller! 
 But let us part this fubject and fpeak of fome other 
 writers of Tours through the world, who pretend 
 to give the defcription of the Continent, while they 
 have been only in a voyage, without having made 
 a fingle journey by land. Others have travelled 
 through the Continent only, and they have written 
 upon 'the particularities and wonders of the fea. 
 There is another clafs of writers who take a Map 
 and travel upon it, with a fuggefted Idea that he 
 is upon the ttoad in a Poft-chaiie or in a Stage. The 
 third goes into a village diftanc from his Friends, 
 and writes there an imaginary journal, and after 
 he has finiihed his work, goes into the Town to fee
 
 and pay a vifit to his Friends, faying he has beert 
 in Italy, Germany, France, Flanders, &c. &c. 
 with an intention to difpofe his publication of ftories. 
 There is at laft, another fort of people, who copy 
 from authors ; and after they have taken away the 
 beauty of the work, by fhortening and fpoilingit, 
 then put a new frontifpiece to their Books, faying 
 they have corrected, illuftrated and added to it, the 
 feven wonders of the Tours through the World, 
 viz. The Seven Champions of Chriftendom, St. 
 George and the Dragon j Guy Earl of Waawick; 
 Sainpfon, Katterfeltc, the Giant and the Dwarf; 
 the Knight of the Brazen Helmet ; Aladin and 
 his Lamp, and all the wonders that ever aftonifhed 
 mankind, are inferior to what thofe modern writers 
 relate of their extraordinary abilities. We gene- 
 rally find that a writer of Tours is too partial to his 
 own country, which we may perceive by a Dia- 
 logue of a Caledonian and an Albion Gentleman; as 
 I have perufed it in a Itrange Book, I fhall willingly 
 infert in mine, feeing it now offers itfelf, and which 
 may be reckoned one of the ftrongeft Arguments 
 to convince the world that writers are generally too 
 partial to their own Country, as I obferved before. 
 A Dialogue between a Caledonian' and an Albion 
 Gentleman in company with feme Italians, fpeak- 
 ing of a profpe<5b being bounded by the hills of 
 Tivoli,the Appennines and the Mediterranean near 
 Rome. Mr. B. <c There is not a profpeft equal 
 to this in all France or Germany, and not many 
 iuperior even in England." " That I believe," re- 
 plied the Caledonian ; " but if I had you in Cale- 
 donia, I could {hew you feveral with which this is 
 by no means to be compared." ce Indeed ! Pray 
 in what part of Caledonia are they to be feen ?" 
 " I prefume you never was at the Caftle of Edin- 
 burg, Sir ?" " Never." " Or at Sterling ?" " Ne- 
 ver." " Did you ever fee Lochlomond, Sir?" "I
 
 never did." " I mould fuppofe I need to alk, 
 whether you have ever been in Aberdeenfhire, 
 
 or the Highlands, or " " I muft confcfs, 
 
 once for all," interrupted the Albion, l< that 1 
 have the Misfortune never to have feen any Part of 
 Caledonia;" " then lam not furprifed," faid; 
 the Caledonian, taking a large pinch of Snuff, 
 " that you think this the fined View you ever faw;" 
 " I prefume you think thofc in Caledonia a great 
 deal finer ?" " a very great deal, indeed, Sir, why . 
 that Lake, for example, is a pretty thing enough ; 
 i dire fwear many Albion Noblemen would give 
 a good deal to have fuch another before their 
 Houfes : but Loch-lomond is thirty Miles in 
 length, Sir ! there are above twenty Iflands in it, 
 Sir! that is a Lake for you; as for this Defert, or 
 3.Campagna t as they call it, no Man who has Eyes 
 iu his Head, Sir, will compare it to the fertile 
 Valley of Stirling, with the Firth, the moft beau- 
 tiful River in Europe, twining through it." " Do 
 you really in your Conscience imagine" faid the 
 Albion, 4< that the Firth is a finer River than the 
 Thames?" " The Thames !" exclaimed the Cale- 
 donian, "why, my dear Sir, the Thames at Londinum 
 is a mere Gutter, in companion with the Firth at 
 Edinburgh;" * I fuppofe, then," faid the Al- 
 bion, recovering himfelf, 6< you do not approve 
 of the View from Windfor Caftle ?" " I afk your 
 Pardon." replied the other, "I approve of it very 
 much; it is an exceeding pretty kind of a Profpcft; 
 the Country appears from it as agreeable to the 
 Sight, as any plain flat Country, crouded with 
 Trees, and intcrfcctcd by Inclafurcs, can well do, 
 but I own, I amof Opinion, that mere fertile Fields; 
 Woods, Rivers, and Meadows, can never, of 
 thcmfelves, perfectly faitsfy the Eye :" " You . 
 imagine, no doubt," faid the Albion, " that a few 
 heath-covered Mountains, and Rocks, embdlifha
 
 Country very much ?" " I am prccifely of thai 
 Opinion," faid the Caledonian, " and you will 
 as icon convince me that a Woman may be com- 
 pletely beautiful with fine Eyes, good Teeth, and 
 a. fair Complexion, though mefhould not have a 
 Nofe on her Face, as that a Landfcape or Coun-- 
 try can be completely beautiful without a Moun- 
 tain ;" " well, but here are Mountains enough," 
 i efumcd the other; " look round you ;" " Moun* 
 tains!" cried the Caledonian, <c very pretty 
 Mountains, truly ! they call that, Caftle Gandolfo, 
 off there is a Caftle too, and a Place, forfooth ! 
 but does that make it a Refidence fit for a 
 Prince?" Why, upon my Word, I do not think 
 it much amifs," faid the other, " it. looks full as 
 well as the Palace of St. James's." " The Palace 
 pf St. James's," exclaimed the Caledonian, " is 
 a Scandal to the Nation ; it is both a Shame and a 
 Sin, that fo great a Monarch as the King of Cale- 
 donia and Albiona, with his Royal Confort, and 
 their large Family of fmall children, fhould live in 
 a ftiabby old Cloifter, hardly good en6ugh for 
 Monks. The Palace of Holyrood-Houle, in- 
 deed, is a Refidence meet for a King." " And 
 the Gardens; pray what Sort of Gardenshave you 
 belonging to that Palace?" faid the Albion, " I 
 have been told you do not excel in thofe." " But 
 we excel in Gardeners," replied the other, 
 " which are as much preferable, as the Creator is 
 preferable to the Created." " I am furprifcd, 
 however,'* rejoined the South-Albion, " that in 
 a Country like yours, where there are fo many 
 Creators, there are fo very few Fruit Gardens are 
 created." " Why, Sir, it is not to be expecled," 
 faid Mr. B- , " that any one Country will ex- 
 cel in every thing; Some enjoy a Climate more 
 favorable for Peaches, Vines, and Neclarincs ; 
 but by G r-j Sir, no Country on Earth produces
 
 better Men and Women than Caledonia/' ft 1 
 i!:re lay none does," replied the ther; ci fo as 
 1 ranee excels in Wine, England in Wood and 
 Oxen, Arabia in Horfes, and other Countries in 
 other Animals, you imagine Caledonia excels all 
 others in the human Species." " What I faid, 
 Sir, was, that the human Species in no Country 
 excel thofe in Caledonia, and that I affert again, 
 and will maintain, Sir, to my laft Gafp !" " I do 
 not intend to deny it," faid the Albion; " but 
 you will permit me to obferve, that, Men beirr^ 
 its ftaple Commodity, it muft be owned that Ca- 
 ledonia carries on a brilk Trade ; for I know no 
 Country that has a greater Exportation; you 
 will find Caledonians in all the Countries of the 
 World." " So much the better for all the Coun- 
 
 tries of the World/' faid Mr. B , " for every 
 
 Body knows that the Caledonians cultivate and 
 improve the Arts and Sciences wherever they 
 go." " They certainly improve their own For- 
 tunes wherever they go," rejoined the other; 
 like their Gardeners, though they can create 
 little or nothing at Home, they often create 
 very good Fortunes in other Countries ; and 
 this is one Reafon of our having the Pleafure of 
 fo much of their Company in Albiona." " Whe- 
 ther it affords you Pleafure, or not, Sir, nothing 
 can be more certain," replied the Caledonian, 
 in the moil ferioui Tone, " then that you may 
 improve very much by their Company and Ex- 
 ample. But there are various Reafons," con- 
 tinued he, " for fo many of my Countrymen fo- 
 journing in Londinum ; that City is now in fome 
 meafure the Capital of" Caledonia as well as of 
 AlSiona; the Seat of Government is there ; the 
 King of Caledonia as well as of Albiona reSdes 
 there ; The Caledonian Nobility and Gentry 
 have as good a Right to be near the Perfon o'f
 
 their Sovereign, as the Albrons; and you ran it 
 allow, that, ii' foine Caledonians make Fortunes 
 in Aibicna, many of our belt Eilates are ajfo 
 fpciu there. But you mean to fay, that the Ca- 
 ledonians are poor in comparifon to the Albions; 
 this we do not deny, and cannot poflibly forget, 
 your Countrymen refreih our Memories with it 
 Ib often; we allow, therefore, that you have 
 this Advantage over us ; arid the Perfians had 
 the fame over the Macedonians at the Battle of 
 Arabela; bvit, whether Caledonia be poor or 
 rich, thofe Caledonians who fettle in Albiona, 
 mult carry Induflry r falents, or Wealth with 
 them, othe'rwife they' will itarve there as well as 
 elfewhere ; and when one Country draws Ci- 
 tizens of this Defcription from another, I leave 
 you to judge which has the moft Reafon to com- 
 plain ; and Jet me tell you, Sir, upon the whole, 
 the Advantages that Albiona derives from the 
 Union are manifeft and manifold." " I cannot 
 fay," replied the Albion, " that I have thought 
 much on this Subject j but I fliall be obliged to 
 you, if you will enumerate a few of them." 
 "In the tirft Place," refuined the Caledonian, 
 <; has flie not greatly increafed in Wealth fince 
 that Time?" " She has fo," replied the other, 
 fmiling, <c and I never knew the real Caufe be- 
 fore :" " In the next Place, has fhe not acquired 
 a Million and a half of Subjects who otherwife 
 would have been with her Enemies ? for this, 
 and other Reafons, they are equivalent to three 
 MiHions. In the third Place, has fhe not ac- 
 quired Security? without which Riches arc of no 
 Value, there is no Door open now, Sir, by 
 y'hich the French can enter into your Country, 
 
 they dare as foon bed- as attempt to invade 
 
 Caledonia; fo if you can defend your own 
 Coaft, there is no Fear of you; but without a
 
 perfect Union with Caledonia, Albiona could not 
 enjoy the principle Benefit fhe derives from her 
 iniular Situation.'' " Not till Caledonia fhould 
 be fubdued," faid the Albion. " Subdued!" 
 repeated the aftonilhed Caledonian, " let me teli 
 you, Sir^ that is a very {(range Hypothecs ; the 
 i'ruitlefs Attempts of many Centuries might have 
 taught you that the Thing is impoifible ; and, if 
 you are converfant in Hiftory, you will find, 
 that, after the Decline of the Roman Empire, the 
 Courfe of Conqueft was from the North to the 
 South." u you mean," faid the South Albion 
 *' that Caledonia would have conquered Albiona/' 
 <; Sir/' replied the other, 44 I think the Albions 
 as brave a Nation as ever exifled, and therefore, 
 I will not fay that the Caledonians are braver; 
 farlefs I mail affert, that they, confifting only of 
 a fifth Part of the Numbers, could fubduc the 
 Albions; but I arn furc, that rather than fubmit 
 they would try; and you will admit that the 
 Trial would be no Advantage to either Country.'* 
 " Although I am fully convinced" faid the Al- 
 bion, <; how the Experiment would end, I fhould 
 be forry to fee it made, particularly at this Time :" 
 " Yet, Sir," rejoined the Caledonian, " there 
 are People of your Country, as I am told, who 
 even at this Time endeavour to exafperate the 
 Minds of die Inhabitants of one Part of Great 
 Albiona againft the Natives of the other; and to 
 create DiHenfion between two Countries, whofe 
 mutual Safety depends on their good Agreement; 
 two Countries, whom Nature herfelf, by ieparat 
 ing them from the reft of the World; and en 
 circling them with her azure Bond of Unifiri, 
 feems to have intended for one." " I do afl'ure 
 you, my good Sir/' faid the Albion, i4 I am 
 not of the Number of thofe who wifh to raifc 
 luch DifTenfion; I love the Caledonians; I al-
 
 ways thought them a fenfible and gallant People ; 
 and ionic of the moll valued Friends I have on 
 iutrih are of your Country." " " You are a Man 
 of Honor and Dil'cernment," faid the CaJedonidii 
 1'cizing him eagerly by the Hand, " and I pro- 
 t'jil, without Prejudice or Partiality, that I never 
 knew a Man of that Character who was not of 
 your Way of thinking." 
 
 It has given me themofl ienfiblc Grief to have 
 related fuch rip^id Remarks upon the Behaviour of 
 my Contemporaries; but, in the mean Time, can- 
 dor, Impartially, and Manlincfs, three com'o- 
 mitant Rcquifilcs which ought to imprcfs Value 
 on all literary Enterprifes, make it my Duty to 
 vindicate myfclf from any Imputation of Ani- 
 moiity or Malice, which inigijt be brought again ft 
 myl'elf or thole generous 1'crfons who have 
 i'lirmfhed me with fuch powerful Aid in this 
 Work* 
 
 F I N I 
 
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