jini iimitnm nun i inn mlmnm miuiiiiiiniminniiumniiHniHii- 1915 . E^EBRATING THE OPENING OF THE MANAMA CANAL University of California Berkeley Condensed Facts About the Panama- Pacific International Exposition San Francisco, 1915 HISTORICAL. The Panama-Pacific International Exposition has been authorized by Act of Congress of the United States as the nation's celebration of the construction and opening of the Panama Canal. It is officially lo cated at San Francisco, State of California, the cen tral and dominant harbor city of the Pacific Slope of North America. By Proclamation of the Presi dent of the United States the nations of the earth have been invited to participate therein. The conduct of the enterprise is, by virtue of the Act of Congress, confided to the citizens of the State of California and of the City of San Fian- cisco. In April, 1910, at a mass meeting of the citizens of San Francisco, held in the Merchants Exchange Building, the first step was taken, when, in a space of two hours, a fund of $4,000,000 was raised by popular subscription. Later, by further pledges, this was increased to $7,500,000. Amending their constitution, as an enabling act, the people of California voted upon themselves a tax levy of $5,000,000; and amending their charter, the citizens of San Francisco voted upon the city a bond issue of $5,000,000. By Act of the State Legis lature, the counties of the ^tate were authorized to levy a tax of not to exceed 6 cents on the $100 assessed valuation for county displays, from which it is estimated will be derived approximately $3,000,- 000. Thus a sum of about $20,000,000 has been raised entirely by the citizens of California, to enable them properly to perform the duties entrusted to them by the nation. Actual construction work was publicly begun Oc tober 14, 1911, President Taft turning the first spade ful of earth; and on February 2, 1912, he made official proclamation of the celebration, inviting the nations to join therein. The colossal task of planning, constructing, and operating this great enterprise was entrusted to an organization selected as follows: A committee of three, chosen by the people of San Francisco, selected a committee of 300, repre sentative of the entire citizenry. That committee of 300 selected a Board of Directors of thirty. The Board of Directors chose its own officers and began work. OFFICIALS OF EXPOSITION. The entire administrative work of the Exposition is vested in the President and the board of thirty Directors. All these serve without compensation. President Charles C. Moore Vice Presidents Wm. H. Crocker, R. B. Hale, I. W. Hellman, Jr., M. H. DeYoung, Leon Sloss, James Rolph, Jr. Secretary Rudolph J. Taussig Treasurer A. W. Foster Executive Staff: The entire executive work of the Exposition is entrusted to the President, the Director-in-Chief, and the Directors of the four Divisions, as follows: Director-in-Chief, Dr. Frederick J. V. Skiff Director, Div. of Exhibits . Capt. Asher Carter Baker Director, Div. Works... Harris D. H. Connick Director, Div. of Exploitation . George Hough Perry Director, Div. Concess. and Admissions . Frank Burt Director Conventions and Concessions. .James Barr Executive Secretary . .Joseph M. Gumming General Attorney Frank S. Brittain Comptroller Rodney S. Durkee Traffic Manager A. M. Mortensen STATE COMMISSION. The Panama-Pacific International Exposition Company of the State of California was appointed on February 19th, 1911, to have charge and con trol of the $5,000,000 fund raised in accordance with the Constitutional Amendment. The members of the Commission are as follows: Governor Hiram W. Johnson; Matt I. Sullivan, President, San Francisco; Arthur Arlett, Berkeley; Chester H. Rowell, Fresno; Marshall Stimson, Los Angeles. Secretary, Florence J. O'Brien. Controller of Commission, Leo S. Robinson. WOMAN'S BOARD. The work of the women of the State in connection with the Exposition has crystallized in the Woman's Board, which is a sub-committee of the Exposition. Officials of the Woman's Board: Honorary President Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst President Mrs. Frederick G. Sanborn Honorary Vice Presidents Mrs. John C. Bidwell, Mrs. Caroline Severance, Mrs. Irving M. Scott, Mrs. William H. Crocker, Mrs. John F. Swift, Mrs. Louis Sloss, Mrs. Emma Shafter Howard, Mrs. Berthe d'A. Welch, Mrs. L. B. Moore Vice Presidents Mrs. Lovell White, Mrs. I. Lowenberg, Mrs. John F. Merrill, Mrs. Frank L. Brown, Mrs. William Hinckley Taylor Secretary Mrs. Gaillard Stoney Treasurer Mrs. Philip E. Bowles Assistant Treasurer Mrs. Edwin R. Dimond Auditor Mrs. Charles W. Slack Asst. in Dept. of Fine Arts Mrs. Francis Carolan Asst. in Dept. of Manufact's. .Mrs. Philip E. Bowles Asst. in Div. of Exploita'n . . Mrs. Ernest S. Simpson Asst. in Dept. of Live Stock Mrs. William Grant WOMAN'S STATE ORGANIZATION. The Woman's Board has formed auxiliaries in every county in the State, and every State in the Union, giving the women of the country an active association with the Exposition. The Woman's Auxiliary maintains in the east wing of the California Building a tea and rest room. THE WONDERFUL EXPOSITION SITE. It is doubtful if, anywhere in the world, could be found a site for a great exposition which surpasses or even equals this in its combination of accessi bility, scenic beauty, and advantages. It is a natural amphitheatre with a floor about three miles long and from a third to a half-mile wide, backed by low hills, flanked at each end by government reservations and fortifications and fronting for its whole length on the beautiful blue San Francisco Bay. It lies just within the famous "Golden Gate." It is about two miles from the business center of San Francisco and on the hills behind it is the best residential district of the city. Magnificent mountain and marine views surround it, and whether the eye rests upon sea or shore or city height, there is the charm and thrill of impressive beauty. The grounds comprise 635 acres, divided into three sections. In the center are grouped the eleven great exhibit palaces and Festival Hall. To the West, spreading fan-shaped along the bay, are located the pavilions of foreign nations and the imposing build ings of the States, while still beyond these are the live stock exhibit buildings and race track, covering sixty-five acres, the aviation field, and the drill grounds, capable of showing 10,000 troops in drill at one time. To the east of the exhibit palaces lie the sixty-five acres devoted to the amusement conces sions. The distribution of the acreage is summarized as follows: Acres. Concession district 69.2 Railway yards, wharves, and docks 17.1 Exhibit palace site proper 217.3 Street railway terminals 2.3 State pavilion sites 42.3 Foreign pavilion sites 49.7 Aviation field, drill grounds, and race track. .. . 37.7 Livestock section 24.3 Life saving station 1.1 United States Government exhibit 12.7 Available for additional exhibits 10.3 Miscellaneous acres .' 141.0 Total area for definite purposes 625.0 PALACES, COURTS, AND GARDENS. Imagine eight splendid exhibit palaces, separated by connecting courts and avenues, grouped together into a rectangle. In the center place a spacious court, containing a sunken garden capable of seating 7000 persons the "Court of the Universe." To the east of this, at the crossing of the avenues, place another principal court, Oriental in ornamentation the "Court of Abundance"; to the west, a third main court, Occidental in significance the "Court of the Four Seasons." As if to bid the world enter this charmed enclosure, wherein will be displayed the evidences of man's high achievement, widen the avenues leading north to the lateral courts into minor courts, and call them respectively the "Court of Flowers" and the "Court of Palms." Where the palaces border upon the courts modify the archi tecture so that their facades form the walls of the courts. Adorn these vast palaces and courts with circling colonnades, magnificent archways, lofty towers, domes, and minarets, dignify and grace them with heroic statuary, mural paintings, par terres, and fountains. On the south line, for a main entrance, over the avenue leading north to the central court, erect a circular, seven-storied tower, covering an acre of ground at the base and rising to a height of 433 feet called the Tower of Jewels, the dominating feature of this architectural scheme. And now to the east of this compact group place one of the largest buildings in the world, the Palace of Ma chinery, and to the west, curving to the shore of a lake, for 1100 feet, with colonnades and pergola, place the superb Palace of Fine Arts. On the south of this group of palaces plant a great garden and in it set a crystal palace devoted to horticulture, and another domed structure, devoted to music, Festival Hall. On the north fill another great gar den, bordering the bay with shrubs and plants that are the tribute of two zones, divide it with drive ways and walks, and in its center set a lofty column supporting figures typifying man's climb to success or fame. And then, pour over these 'wondrous pal aces a flood of harmonious colors, fill the courts with California sunshine, and as the picture takes form on your vision will rise the "City Beautiful" of the Panama- Pacific Exposition! ILLUMINATION. One of the most attractive and beautiful features of this Exposition is the electrical illumination. By a system of flood lighting a soft light pervades the courts at night, revealing the facades of the palaces and the natural colors of the flowers. By peculiar and novel lighting devices the statuary and mural paintings are made to appear with even heightened effect. Concealed batteries of powerful projectors cause tens of thousands of specially prepared "Novagems" or crystal "jewels," hung tremulously upon the towers, to flash like great diamonds, rubies, and emeralds. At a point on the bay shore is erected a giant scintillator and steam fireworks that are marvels of design and magnificence. And searchlights of great power weave in the night sky auroras of ever-changing color. Altogether the spec tacle is interesting and wonderful. AREA AND COST OF EXHIBIT PALACES. The size in square feet and the total cost of the exhibit palaces follows: Palace. Square feet. Cost. Agriculture 328,633 $425,610 Education 205,100 304,263 Festival Hall 57,400 270,000 Fine Arts 204,325 580,000 Food Products 236,690 342,551 Horticulture 201,000 341,000 Liberal Arts 251,300 344,186 Machinery 369,600 659,655 Manufactures . . 234,000 341,069 Mines and Metallurgy 252,000 359,455 Transportation 314,000 481,677 Varied Industries 219,000 312,691 PALACE OF FINE ARTS. Designed by R. B. Maybeck. Its length from north to south describes an arc 1100 feet. This pal ace faces upon a great lagoon of placid water which reflects its beautiful architecture. It is a fireproof structure. In the center of the arc is erected a great dome with steps leading down to the lagoon in a beautiful setting of shrubbery, composed of Mon terey cypress and other evergreen trees, making perhaps the prettiest vista of the whole Exposition site. The painting and sculpture of every nation of artistic prominence is artistically shown in this pal ace The exhibits in the United States section con sist not only of the work of contemporary artists, but of historic American paintings from the time of West, Copley, and Stuart to the present and a loan collection of canvases by foreign artists owned in the United States. PALACE OF HORTICULTURE. Designed by Messrs. Bakewell & Brown of San Francisco. This palace is constructed almost en tirely of glass and covers over five acres. It is surmounted by a dome 160 feet in height. It is 672 feet long and its greatest width is 320 feet. An im posing nave 80 feet in height runs the length of the building and paralleling the central nave are (one on either side) two side aisles each 50 feet in height. All phases of practical horticulture are em braced in this exhibit. Among other things a fully equipped fruit-canning establishment will be in oper- ation> showing the sanitary way in which fruit is prepared and canned; a seed-packing establishment, orange-packing house, olive oil presses in operation; tools used in the culture of fruits, trees, and flowers. The frostless climate of California, 'which enables plant life to attain the highest perfection, gives the floricultural exhibit a distinction and beauty it has not been possible to attain at other expositions where the seasons have been short and the winters severe. There is to be a rose contest in which the Exposition offers as trophy a $1000 cup to the orig inator of the finest new seedling rose which has never before been exhibited. THE GREAT PALACE OF MACHINERY. Designed by Messrs. Ward & Blohme of San Fran cisco. This palace is the largest building erected on the Exposition site. It is 968 feet by 368 feet. One mile and a half of cornices was used in ornamenting the building. Four carloads of nails and 1500 tons of bolts and washers were used in its construction. In this palace are assembled exhibits of machinery used in the generation, transmission, and applica tion of power. Several groups will comprise exam ples of steam generators and motors utilizing steam, internal combustion motors, hydraulic motors, mis cellaneous motors, general machinery apparatus and accessories, and tools for shaping wood and metals. Ten special electrical groups cover the generation, distribution, and control of electrical energy in its application to mechanical and motor power, light ing, and heating. THE WALLED CITY. The following palaces comprise what is known as the main group of eight exhibit palaces. They are in appearance a great walled city, the lofty facades on the four sides being broken at regular intervals by ornate doorways, court entrances, and connecting avenues, which break the monotony, and in a Won derfully worked out plan combine the Gothic and Classic schools and the Renaissance style of archi tecture in the strikingly beautiful and appropriate whole. This great outer wall to the palaces is the work of Bliss & Faville, architects of San Fran cisco, as also are the interiors of the palaces en closed by this great wall, their clerestories and outline of the trusses, their domes and the interior paneling, the assembling of the roofs into a design, the sky line of which would form a pleasing compo- sition viewed from the hills beyond the Exposition site, the many small kiosks and flag pole standards surrounding the wall, the fountains beneath the half domes on the west facade and the arcades connect ing the three main courts. EDUCATION AND SOCIAL ECONOMY. The exhibits in this palace show development along these lines since 1905, and by specializing on prominent movements and reforms seek to forecast the education of tomorrow. There is a comparative exhibit of the educational system of all nations par ticipating and a comprehensive demonstration of educational work in the United States in all its phases from kindergarten to university. The De partment of Social Economy has brought together a comprehensive collection of exhibits illustrative of the conditions and necessities of man considered as a member of organized society and government, to gether with displays showing the agencies or means employed for his well being. As far as possible oper ating examples are given. PALACE OF LIBERAL ARTS. Liberal Arts rank high in the classification of ex hibits because they embrace the applied sciences which indicate the result of man's education and culture, illustrate his tastes and demonstrate his in ventive genius and scientific attainment and express his artistic nature. This splendid palace is directly opposite the main entrance to the Exposition grounds from the city side and is approximately 585 feet long, 470 feet wide, and 65 feet high and covers nearly six acres. MANUFACTURES AND VARIED INDUSTRIES. The department of a universal Exposition which has the combined interest of all nations is the exhi bition of finished products of manufacture and man ual skill, the objects of utility, luxury, and taste in which each country excels and which constitute T:he most valuable and profitable part of foreign trade. PALACE OF TRANSPORTATION. The exhibits in this palace are made, as far as possible, contemporaneous, not historical. The very latest achievements of human ingenuity covering the entire field of transportation are displayed. On account of the great development of the motor boat industry and aerial navigation these two groups are thoroughly represented, both in indoor and out door exhibits. In this palace are shown the exhibits of the great steamship companies, the water trans portation of all countries, their navigation and com merce, characteristic boats and ships of all nations. Sail and steam yachts are generally shown by mod els. Electric exhibits show the latest application of electricity to the agency of transportation. A locomotive exhibit illustrates the latest types. Car exhibits show the modern development of street car equipment, and there is a complete showing of rail way supplies, including all the new inventions and appliances for the protection of life and property in this connection. In this palace the leading manu facturers of automobiles will exhibit their wares and make their headquarters. Everything of interest to the automobile owner, dealer, or manufacturer is shown. Accurately colored topographical maps of the Lincoln Highway, Pacific Highway, and other automobile tours are shown on the walls surround ing the automobile exhibit. PALACE OF AGRICULTURE. The section of this Exposition devoted to the in terests of agriculture embraces an area of more than forty acres. The Palace of Agriculture, proper, covers seven and one-half acres. The exhibits deal with every possible phase of the agricultural indus try. A very important group is devoted to farm implements and machinery. No less than seven dis tinct classes are required. In this department also is shown all that pertains to forestry and forest products. AGRICULTURE (FOOD PRODUCTS). Under this same department, although in a sep arate palace, the multiform exhibits governing the food products of the entire world are grouped. Veg etable and animal food products and the equipment and methods employed in the preparation of foods and beverages are extensively shown. PALACE OF MINES AND METALLURGY. The exhibits in this palace deal with the natural mineral resources of the world, their exploration and exploitation, their conversion into metal, their manufacture into structural forms and into raw ma terial for the various industries. They take in the ordinary metallics such as gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron, aluminum, etc.; the rare metallics such as tungsten, vanadium, uranium, radium, platinum, etc.; the non-metallics, such as clay, cement, and their products; coal, oil, and gas; the salines, fer tilizers, etc. LIVE STOCK EXHIBIT. In keeping with the general plan of the Exposition the Department of Live Stock is presented in a bet ter manner than has heretofore characterized such exhibitions. Competitions for the $175,000 in prize money appropriated by the Exposition, and for the supplemental premiums offered by the breeders' associations take place in the months of October and November. In addition to this there will be a continuous live stock display in 1915 from Febru ary 20th to December 4th. In housing, classifica tion, and arrangement of exhibits, the Department of Live Stock at San Francisco demonstrates the advancement that has been made since the last world's exposition. THE EXPOSITION AUDITORIUM. Designed by Messrs. John Galen Howard, Fred erick H. Meyer, and John Reid, Jr. The Exposition Auditorium is a four-story construction of steel and stone and graces the Civic Center of San Francisco. It will be a lasting and beautiful monument to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. The Ex position management has paid over $1,000,000 for its erection and the City and County of San Fran cisco has paid $1,000,000 for the site. The main auditorium of this building accommodates 12,000 per sons. FESTIVAL HALL. Designed by Robert Farquhar of Los Angeles. This will be the scene of many of the great festivals and choral competitions entered into by the various singing organizations of the world. Festival Hall is built in the French theatre style of architecture with one large dome and various minor domes and minarets, profusely decorated with statuary. The main hall contains seats for about 3000 persons, and here is placed a huge pipe organ which is seventh in size in the world. THE CALIFORNIA BUILDING. Designed by Thos. H. F. Burditte. This building is in the old Mission style and covers approximately 350 feet by 675 feet. In form it consists of a tow ered main building, two stories in height, and sur rounded by an immense court. This building is the second largest on the grounds, and in cost of con struction, furnishings, equipment, and installation of displays represents an outlay of $2,000,000. This is the "Host Building" of the Exposition. It contains the displays of the fifty-eight counties of California. This building with its walled-in court and park covers about seven acres. The Woman's Board, an auxiliary of the Exposition, has assumed the respon sibility of furnishing and maintenance, and has entire charge of its social administration. MAIN TOWER, OR "TOWER OF JEWELS." Designed by Messrs. Carrere & Hastings of New York. This tower rises to a height of 433 feet and, from an architectural standpoint, is the dominating feature of the Exposition. This is the center of a brilliant night illumination, the outline of the tower being defined by over 100,000 hand-cut crys tals or prisms (novagems) hung tremulously, the least atmospheric disturbance causing them to flash and change and scintillate in a thousand different tints and colors. THE COURT OF THE UNIVERSE. Designed -by Messrs. McKim, Mead & White of New York. This is the great central court of honor of the Exposition, and in design and decoration it is made to represent the meeting place of the hemi spheres. It is 700 feet long and 900 feet wide, and contains a sunken garden in the center. At the northern end between the Palaces of Agriculture and Transportation is a great pool of water em bellished with statuary and fountains. THE COURT OF ABUNDANCE. Designed by Louis C. Mullgardt. This is the east central court of the Exposition and in design shows the Oriental phase of the Spanish-Moorish type. This court is dedicated to music, dancing, acting, and pageantry. THE COURT OF THE FOUR SEASONS. Designed by Henry Bacon of New York. This is the west central court and one of the most beau tiful sections of the Exposition. It is said that Hadrian's yilla, one of the historic Roman palaces, is the inspiration for this court. It is surrounded by a beautiful colonnade, in each of the four cor ners of which are niches containing groups of stat uary, "Spring," "Summer," "Autumn," and "Win ter," by Furio Piccirilli, and representing the four seasons. THE COURT OF PALMS. Designed by George W. Kelham of San Francisco. This is one of the two minor courts of the Exposi tion. Its entrance is from the great South Garden between two towers, each rising to a height of 200 feet and also designed by the same architect and favoring the period of the Italian Renaissance. This court contains a showing of rare and beautiful palms. THE COURT OF FLOWERS. Designed by George W. Kelham of San Francisco. This is the second of the minor courts, also having its entrance from the great South Garden between two Italian towers almost the exact duplicate of those at the entrance to the Court of Palms. While being the smallest of the Exposition courts, it is nevertheless as beautiful as the others, and, as the name denotes, is a paradise of vari-colored flowers. STATUARY. Over 250 distinct groups and hundreds of indi vidual pieces of statuary are shown at the Panama- Pacific International Exposition. The general char acter of this sculpture is imaginative and vital and a high standard in motive has been attained. The plan is designed to form a sequence from the first piece that greets the visitor on his entrance from the city throughout the five courts and the circuit of the enclosing walls. Among the most notable are "The Fountain of Energy," "Nations of the East," "Nations of the West," and the colossal "Column of Progress." These four groups are the creation of A. Stirling Calder, who has worked them out in collaboration with Leo Lentelli and F. G. R. Roth, the figure of the "Adventurous Bowman" being by H. A. McNeil. Among others are the four groups representing the seasons in the Court of the Four Seasons, by Furio Piccirilli. "Fountain of Youth," "The Fountains of the Rising and Setting Sun," "Fire," "Water," "Earth" and "Air," "Order and Chaos" and "Eter nity and Change," "Modern Civilization," "Armored Horseman," "Philosopher," "Adventurer," "Priest,'" "Soldier," "Fountain of Eldorado," "Nature/ "Ceres," "Beauty and the Beast," "End of the Trail,' "The Pioneer," "Cortez," "Pizarro," "The Miner,' "The Pirate," "Primitive Man," "Primitive Woman,' "Steam," "Electric Power." Besides these figures and groups are many beautiful friezes, spandrels, capitals, niches, and columns decorated with alle gorical subjects. MURAL PAINTINGS. Never before has such an array of mural paintings been brought together. Eight canvases from the brush of that world-master Brangwin adorn the Court of Abundance. Two of DuMond's master pieces occupy places of honor under the western tri umphal arch, while two creations of Edward Sim mons occupy a similar position under the eastern arch. Eight murals by Robert Reid decorate the inside of the lofty dome of the Palace of Fine Arts. Two exquisitely beautiful paintings by Dodge are placed, one on either side, under the arch of the "Tower of Jewels," while scattered throughout the grounds in advantageous positions are paintings by Hassam, Bancroft, Matthews, and Holloway, a strik ingly representative group of contemporaneous world painters. THE LIVING HEDGE. The fence or hedge dividing the Exposition site from San Francisco's residence section is approxi mately twenty feet high and is formed of a solid mass of the flowering Mesembryanthemum, planted in flat boxes and nailed on end over framework. This hedge is broken at intervals by the archways mark ing the turnstile entrances and forms into an elab orate Mission design at Scott and Fillmore Street entrances. This hedge is also the design of the firm of Bliss & Faville, worked out by the magic hand of John McLaren, chief of landscape garden ing, and is one of the many unique features of this Exposition. STATE PARTICIPATION. In state participation the Panama-Pacific Interna tional Exposition far outdoes its predecessors. Thirty-six out of the fifty-two states and territories are represented by buildings or exhibits. Nearly all of these have made greater preparations and have expended more money than for any previous Exposition. FOREIGN PARTICIPATION. Twenty-nine foreign nations, through their gov ernments, or by enterprise of their industrial organi zations and manufactures, are participating at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. In spite of the European war, there is a far greater foreign exhibit than at any previous Exposition. The buildings of the states and the imposing pa vilions of the foreign nations compose a city of beautiful architecture varied in design and for the most part partaking of the character of the particu lar state or country they represent, but all in har mony with the general color scheme. "THE ZONE," OR AMUSEMENT SECTION. The main amusement street is 3000 feet in length and runs from the Service Building in the west to the foot of Van Ness Avenue in the east. A space of sixty-five acres is devoted to the amusement features of the Exposition. "The Zone" is open from 9:30 a. m. until 11 o'clock p. m. In the lan guage of an old showman this is "the greatest ag gregation of amusement features for the education and entertainment of the public that, was ever brought together in the world." Rigid selection has governed the granting of all of the concessions. Every one accepted has satisfied a high standard of propriety, good taste, and educational value, as well as effective funmaking and entertainment. This division of the Exposition represents an outlay of over $10,000,000. CONVENTIONS. Over 500 conventions and congresses have chosen San Francisco as their meeting place in 1915. These cover a wide range of subjects, and it has been esti mated that the attendance from delegates and their families and friends interested will reach at least half a million. MUSIC. The music lover will be well entertained at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in 1915. Besides the daily concerts in the band concourse near the Palace of Fine Arts, there will be concerts by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the German Singing Societies of New York, the Swedish Sing ers, and the Welsh Eisteddfod competition between their choirs and bands. The world's leading artists, both vocal and instrumental, will give renditions throughout the Exposition period. On the Special Days there will be special musical attractions, as, for instance, on Danish Day there will be a choir of 400 picked voices. Among the most notable bookings is a series of 100 concerts by Lemare. There will be recitals on the great organ in Festi val Hall, combined choirs of children's voices, and many other musical features, making music at the Exposition one of the principal attractions. SPECIAL EVENTS. There will be one continuous run of special events all through the Exposition year. Special county days, city days, state days, and national days. The visit of the fleet and the grand naval parade will be one of the features. Among the more important special events are the Vanderbilt Cup Race, February 22nd; Grand Prix Automobile Race, February 27th; International Polo Meet, commencing March 15th and lasting six weeks; National Gymnastic Championships, March 26th; Golf Championships, beginning April 19th and continuing until May 15th, a period of almost one month; the World's Light Harness Races, begin ning June 6th; the Panama-Pacific International Ex position Tennis Championship, the State of Califor nia Tennis Championship, September 10th to 15th, inclusive; Pacific Coast Championship, June 19th to 26th, inclusive; Panama-Pacific International Expo sition Championship, July 10th to 17th, inclusive; Swimming Championship, commencing July 19th, covering a period of one week; Far Western Cham pionships, Track, Field, and Marathon, commenc ing July 31st, covering a period of two days; Pan ama-Pacific International Exposition Intercollegiate Championships, August 13th; International Yacht ing Regatta, commencing August 14th, continuing one week; Panama-Pacific International Exposition Soccer Football Championship, September 13th to 18th; All Nations' Marathon Race, September 25th; Intercollegiate Football and Rowing; International Stampede; Society Horse Show, September 30th; In ternational Cavalry Events, October 1st; Panama- Pacific International Exposition Lacrosse Cham pionships, October 8th and 9th; Motor Boat Races, beginning October 15th, continuing eighteen days; World's Harness Races, Fall meet, beginning Octo ber 23rd, continuing twelve days; International Sheep Dog Trials, beginning November 1st, last ing three days; International Sheep Shearing, Wool Grading, and Sorting Contest, beginning early in November; Special Exhibit of Car Lots of Fat Stock, commencing November llth, continuing four days; International Dog Show, commencing No vember 16th, continuing three days; International Poultry Show, commencing November 17th, contin uing eleven days; Cat Show, commencing Novem ber 27th, continuing three days; Children's Pet Show, commencing November 29th, lasting five days. ATHLETICS. The Panama-Pacific International Exposition schedule, the greatest ever arranged by any Expo sition or country, commences February 22nd with the national basket ball championships. The pres ent national champions, the Illinois Athletic Club, will participate in the opening games. Every other national championship will be made up of con testants from the great athletic centers. Tennis and golf matches have been arranged on a large scale. The famous Marathon race, which originated centuries ago in Greece, will be re-run. The plans as arranged by the Department of Athletics cover a period of five months actual activity. Special ar rangements are being made to programme events for the men of the Atlantic fleet and other ships which may be in attendance. UNIFIED COLOR SCHEME. This is the first Exposition to have a uniform color scheme. From one end to the other, through- out the entire area of the site whether it be within the boundaries of "The Zone" or among the build ings and pavilions of the states and foreign nations, or in the midst of the great palaces themselves the same beautiful, soft, entrancing color scheme prevails. Under the direction of Jules Guerin, the famous colorist, the world will be shown a study in neutral tints unlike anything ever before attempted and which at once commands the attention and ad miration of all beholders. The palaces themselves are of a soft, cold, gray tint, a kind of smoked ivory, at once pleasing and restful to the eyes, and which forms a foundation or background for the vivid coloring of the doorways, the vari-tinted shrub bery, the beds of flowers, and the matchless lawns. MILITARY PARTICIPATION. This Department is under the active management of Captain Carpenter, United States Army, who has been detailed for this purpose by the War Depart ment. The Exposition grounds are ideally located for both military -and naval displays and the serious study of all matters pertaining to any branch of those services. Across the Golden Gate on the Marin Hills frown the highest seacoast batteries in the United States. On the west is the Presidio, the ancient Spanish stronghold, now a most important army post of the United States, containing a large garrison of cavalry, artillery, infantry, and the technical and staff corps. Here military work is practically continuous. Very many Military Tournaments will be held. The organized militia of our various States, military schools, and cadet corps will compete. Competitions will also be arranged between the uniform ranks of the various fraternal societies. NAVAL PARTICIPATION. The Naval participation at this Exposition prom ises to surpass all previous events of its kind, as there is every assurance that the nations of the world will send their battleships to the Exposition. HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS. San Francisco has more hotels than any city in the world with the single exception of New York. Owing to the fact that a majority of these hotels have been rebuilt since the great fire the average of architecture, fireproofing, equipment, and modern conveniences is probably the highest of any city in the world. Good rooms in new fireproof buildings with every modern equipment may be had in San Francisco at $1 a day and upward per person. First class accom modations can be secured in Oakland, across the bay, with direct rail and ferry service to the Exposition grounds, at 50 cents per day per person and up. OFFICIAL EXPOSITION HOTEL BUREAU. A majority of the best hotels in San Francisco have united in a covenant with the Exposition as regards the maintenance of reasonable rates, which protects the visitor dealing with such hotels against overcharge. The hotels which have submitted their rates to the Exposition, and have had those rates approved by the Exposition and have agreed not to increase them, are listed in the OFFICIAL HOTEL GUIDE which is sent free on request. Visitors are urged for their own protecti6n to deal with the hotels listed in this book. OFFICIAL EXPOSITION INFORMATION BUREAUS. The traveler who has not made hotel reservations in advance will find Official Exposition Information Bureaus at the terminal stations in San Francisco. On application at any of these he will be informed of the hotels having available rooms at the price he desires to pay. This will enable him to avoid the annoyance, frequent in previous exposition cities, of traveling from crowded hotel to crowded hotel in search of accommodations. No charges are made for the service of the Official Exposition Informa tion Bureaus. WlSIDE INN. J ^"commodious and up-to-date hotel is erected on / the Exposition grounds. It is located at the west end of the great South Gardens, one of the beauty spots of the Exposition. It is of convenient access to all points of interest. The rates per day will be from $1 to $5 (European plan), according to accommodations. Parties either of women or of men may obtain very reasonable rates in rooms containing several beds. In addition to the charge for rooms a charge of 50 cents will be made for each adult guest and 25 cents for each child between the ages of five and twelve years for daily admission to the grounds. This is the only charge that is made, the guest at the Inside Inn having the privilege of entering and leaving the grounds as many times each day as he desires with out extra charge for admission. The dining service and cuisine are of the high est character. Single meals are served as fol lows: Breakfast, 50 cents; luncheon, 50 cents; dinner, $1. Meals also are served a la carte. In addition to the regular dining rooms, there are a ladies' grill, a gentlemen's cafe, a lunch room, and private dining rooms. The Inside Inn, being within the Exposition grounds, is subject to the Rules and Regulations of the Exposition, and no abuses, overcharges, nor any thing offensive to the moral sense or good taste be permitted. ROUTES AND RATES. From Direct Route, Both Direc tions. 867.10 66.50 63.50 Indiana Indianapolis Logansport Terre Haute Michigan Ann Arbor 72.00 Battle Creek 69.10 Detroit 73.50 Grand Rapids (59.00 Port Huron 75.50 Missouri Kansas City 50.00 St. Joseph 50.00 St. Louis 57.50 New York Binghamton 94.10 Buffalo Standard lines 83.50 Buffalo Differential lines 81.10 Dunkirk Standard lines 81.80 99.30 New York City Differential lines 94.30 111.80 Rochester 83.96 101.46 Akron . 74.50 92.00 Cincinnati 70.25 Cleveland 74.50 92.00 Columbus 74.18 91.85 Davton 70.90 88.40 Springfield 71.90 89.40 One Way Via Port land, Seat tle, or Vic toria. $85.00 84.30 81.50 89.50 86.60 91.00 87.10 93.00 67.50 67.50 75.00 111.60 101.00 Direct One Way Route, Via Port- Both land, Seat- From Direc- tie, or Vic- tions. toria. West Virginia- Charleston $78.45 $96.60 Elkins 87.05 104.55 Wheeling 79.00 96.50 From 90 Days. 30 Days. Idaho Boise, via Portland 54.40 Boise, via Ogden 53.00 Lewiston 51.15 46.00 Wallace 58.65 50.25 Washington Hoquiam 43.05 36.90 Seattle 44.80 38.40 Spokane 54.60 46.80 Tacoma 42.65 36.55 Walla Walla 47.80 40.85 Oregon Ashland 21.50 18.50 Eugene 33.00 28.25 Klamath Falls 23.25 20.00 Portland 35.00 30.00 Umatilla 44.65 38.25 South Carolina Charleston 85.15 106.85 Columbia 82.45 104.24 North Carolina Raleigh 87.95 106.12 Wilmington 90.29 108.46 Virginia- Danville 84.15 102.32 Norfolk 91.95 109.45 Richmond 90.29 108.46 District of Columbia Washington 92.95 110.45 New Jersey Newark 94.30 111.80 Massachusetts Boston 98.20 115.70 Springfield 98.20 115.70 Worcester 98.20 115.70 Tennessee Chattanooga 66.95 88.40 Knoxville 72.55 91.00 Grand Junction 57.50 82.10 Nashville 63.50 85.25 Louisiana New Orleans 57.50 83.75 Shreveport 55.00 80.00 Florida- Jacksonville 80.50 104.50 Tallahassee 74.75 99.65 Wyoming Cheyenne 45.00 62.50 Kentucky Ashland 75.85 94.00 Frankfort 69.60 88.30 Louisville 67.10 85.80 Mississippi Jackson 57.50 83.75 Alabama Birmingham 63.50 88.40 Montgomery 63.50 88.40 Georgia Atlanta 71.90 95.00 Augusta 78.25 101.60 Macon 72.00 96.85 Illinois Bloomington 59.40 76.90 Chicago 62.50 80.00 Peoria 59.25 76.75 Maryland Baltimore 92.95 110.45 Hagerstown 90.25 107.75 Maine Portland 103.60 121.10 Vermont Rutland 98.20 115.70 Pennsylvania Erie 77.85 95.35 Pittsburgh 79.30 96.80 Scranton 94.10 111.60 Iowa Sioux City 53.90 69.45 Nebraska Omaha 50.00 67.50 Kansas Atchison . . 50.00 74.45 Direct One Way Route, Via Port- Both land, Seat- Front Direc- tie, or Vic- tions. toria. Minnesota Duluth $69.90 $77.45 Minneapolis and St. Paul 63.85 Wisconsin Superior 69.70 77.35 Arkansas Little Rock 57.50 81.20 Oklahoma Muskogee 55.00 74.30 Oklahoma City 51.60 72.30 Texas Dallas 52.50 76.25 Houston 52.50 76.25 San Antonio 50.00 75.00 El Paso 45.00 72.50 Colorado Denver 45.00 62.50 New Mexico Albuquerque 45.00 72.50 Utah Ogden and Salt Lake City 35.00 53.50 Ontario Hamilton 81.60 97.30 Ottawa 96.70 110.40 Port Arthur 91.20 94.35 Toronto 83.90 97.30 Windsor 74.20 91.70 Quebec Montreal 98.70 114.50 Quebec 107.00 124.30 New Brunswick Fredericton 117.10 134.60 Nova Scotia- Halifax 125.75 143.25 Yarmouth 120.50 138.00 Manitoba Brandon 87.05 88.60 Winnipeg 83.05 80.60 Alberta Banff, Calgary and Macleod 80.00 Via Via Saskatchewan Portland. St. Paul. North Portal $87.25 $89.50 Saskatoon 96.85 109.00 All tickets good via any direct line, returning via the same or any other direct line. Ninety-day round- trip issued from March 1st to December 1st with regular stop-over privileges. Good for final return trip limit December 15th. All rates apply via Los Angeles. Tickets via Prince Rupert are $10 higher, including berth and meals on steamship from Prince Rupert to Seattle. Sleeping car rates can be obtained at starting points. Two classes of sleeping cars are operated into San Francisco from the East, known respec tively as standard and tourist service. The rates in the tourist cars are one-half the rates in the stand ard sleepers. Special low excursion rates by both rail and water will be in effect during the whole of the Exposition period from San Francisco to points of interest throughout the Pacific Coast country. PANAMA CANAL ROUTE FROM ATLANTIC. The Panama Pacific Line of the International Mercantile Marine Company will inaugurate a reg ular passenger service between New York and San Francisco through the Panama Canal; first sailing from New York May 1st, from San Francisco May 22nd, and every three weeks thereafter, calling in either direction at either Los Angeles or San Diego. The twin screw steamers, "Finland" and "Kroonland," each 22,000 tons displacement, will maintain this service, making the trip in sixteen days. Fare first cabin, $125 and up; third cabin, $60. Arrangements have been completed with the rail roads whereby round trip tickets will be issued one way rail and one way steamer through the Pan ama Canal, basis of lowest first class limited rail fare between the initial point and either San Fran cisco or New York, but the special advantage in buying the round trip ticket will be that same will carry a ninety-day limit and be good for stopovers. The American-Hawaiian Steamship Company and the Lauckenbach Steamship Company have equipped certain of their steamers with passenger accommo dations, fares first class only from $125 up. Fre quency of sailings of these two lines has not yet been announced. WELFARE WORK. The Woman's Board have organized a comprehen sive system of welfare work, co-operating with the travelers' aid department, with information bureau, and domicile registers. It will mean that any woman of any country may come to San Francisco during the Exposition and rest assured of protection. The organization includes representatives of every na tionality and every religion. SEEING SAN FRANCISCO. San Francisco in itself is a wonderful exposition as to what man can accomplish in the building of a city. The entire business section and a great part of the residence section has been beautifully and strongly rebuilt at a total cost of just about what it has taken to dig the Panama Canal $375,000,000. The visitor to the Exposition can well afford to spend another week taking in the beauties and wonderful sights of San Francisco its Golden Gate Park, Golden Gate, Seal Rocks, splendid harbor, markets, military reservation, Old Mission, China town, Italian section, shipping, wharves, etc. WONDERFUL SIDE TRIPS. With San Francisco as a center, the visitor has the opportunity of making some easy side trips to places of interest and the wonders of California as Stan ford University at Palo Alto, University of Cali fornia at Berkeley, the Mare Island Navy Yard, Mt. Tamalpais, with its "crookedest railway in the world"; the Muir Redwoods, Piedmont Springs, Lake Merritt, and the Ocean Boulevard automobile drive, and the great interior valleys of California with their golden harvest of fruit, and a little further afield, the unique, awe-inspiring Yosemite Valley, Lake Tahoe, and the beautiful, snow-capped Mount Shasta. CLIMATE. San Francisco offers a cool Coast summer climate with no rain; a winter climate without snow or ice. The annual mean temperature of San Francisco is 56 degrees Fahrenheit. September is the warmest, and January the coldest month. The mean tempera ture of September is 59.1 degrees, and of January 49.2. In the last twenty years there have been only twenty-seven days during which the temperature exceeded 90 degrees, and in the same period it has not fallen below 32 degrees, the freezing point. IMPORTANT HINT ON CLOTHING. The temperature of San Francisco practically the year around is about that of middle April or early May in New York, London, or Chicago. Do not come clad for a hot Eastern summer. Light overcoats and wraps are always in demand in the evening. From April to November umbrellas may safely be left at home. EASTERN HEADQUARTERS. For the convenience of the public, Eastern Headquarters have been es tablished in New York City seventh floor Aeolian Building, West 42d Street. Contrensfeb Jfact* Concerning the Panama- Pacific Universal Exposition San Francisco 1915 Celebrating the Opening of the PANAMA CANAL FORM I05-ISOM-I-I4 University of California Berkeley Tissued by Division of Exploitation "I LPanama-Pacific International Exposition J FACTS ABOUT THE 1915 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION HISTORICAL: The Panama-Pacific International Exposition has been authorized by Act of Congress of the United States as the nation's celebration of the construction and opening of the Panama Canal. It is officially lo cated at San Francisco, State of California, the central and dominant harbor city of che Pacific Slope of North America. By Proclamation of the President of the United States the nations of the earth have been in vited to participate therein. The Exposition will be held in the year 1915, open ing February 20th, closing December 4th, a period of 288 days. On the day it opens it will represent an aggregate expenditure of about fifty million dollars. The conduct of the enterprise is, by virtue of the Act of Congress, confided to the citizens of the State of California and of the City of San Francisco. In April, 1910, at a mass meeting of the citizens of San Francisco, held in the Merchants Exchange Build ing, the first step was taken, when, in a space of two hours, a fund of $4,000,000 was raised by popular sub scription. Later, by further pledges, this was in creased to $7,500,000. ~ Amending their constitution, as an enabling act, the people of California voted upon themselves a tax levy of $5,000,000; and, amending their charter, the citizens of San Francisco voted upon the city a bond issue of $5,000,000. By Act of the State Legislature, the counties of the State were authorized to levy a tax of not to exceed six cents on the $100 assessed valu ation for county displays, from which it is estimated will be derived approximately $3,000,000. Thus, a sum of about $20,000,000 has been raised entirely by the cit izens of California, to enable them properly to per form the duties entrusted to them by the nation. Actual construction work was publicly begun Octo ber 14, 1911, President Taft turning the first spadeful of earth; and on February 2, 1912, he made official proclamation of the celebration, inviting the nations to join therein. The Panama Canal, by affording a more direct water way for lines of ocean travel, will promote the com merce of the entire world, and thus advance the welfare of every nation. New areas of productivity will de velop, and new commercial exchanges will be estab lished. The location of this Celebration on the line of what is termed "the meeting place of the East and Wes 4 -" will, therefore, best enable the Exposition to illustrate and. emphasize the good work of the Canal, and must prove of the greatest geographical convenience to all countries and peoples. The influence of the Canal upon the world's commerce and civilization has "been embodied, in part, in the Plan and Purpose of the Exposition. It is made contem poraneous in character, universal in scope. Its con ception is intended to embody the highest ideals of the American people. Its physical equipment is adequate, its architecture imposing and beautiful, its classifi cation of exhibits comprehensive, and its power for good should be greater than that of any previous Inter national Exposition. Accepting the grave trust of constructing and oper ating this beneficent enterprise, with a full conscious ness of the significance of the achievement to be commemorated, and the duty of so shaping the cele bration so that it will be of the highest service to mankind, a managing organization was perfected. The colossal task of planning, constructing and operating this great enterprise was entrusted to an or ganization selected as follows: A committee of three, chosen by the people of San Francisco, selected a committee of three hundred, rep resentative of the entire citizenry. That committee of three hundred selected a Board of Directors of thirty. The Board of Directors chose its own officers and began work. OFFICIALS OF EXPOSITION: The entire administrative work of the Exposition is vested in the President and the Board of thirty Directors. All these serve without compensation. President Charles C. Moore Vice Presidents Wm. H. Crocker, R. B. Hale, I. W. Hellman, Jr., M. H. DeYoung, Leon Sloss, James Eolph, Jr. Secretary Rudolph J. Taussig Treasurer A. W. Foster Executive Secretary Joseph M. Cumming General Attorney Frank S. Brittain Comptroller Rodney S. Durkee Traffic Manager A. M. Mortensen Executive Staff: The entire executive work of the Exposition is en trusted to the President, the Director-in-Chief and the Directors of the four Divisions, as follows: Director-in-Chief, Dr. Frederick J. V. Skiff Director. Div. Works Harris D. H. Connick Director, Div. Concessions and Admissions, Frank Burt Director, Div. of Exhibits Capt. Asher Carter Baker Director, Div. of Exploitation George Hough Perry STATE COMMISSION: The Panama-Pacific International Exposition Com mission of the State of California was appointed on February 19th, 1911, to have charge and control of the five million dollar fund raised in accordance with the Constitutional Amendment. The members of the Commission are as follows: Governor Hiram W. Johnson; Matt I. Sullivan, Pres ident, San Francisco; Arthur Arlett, Berkeley; Chea ter H. Rowell, Fresno, and Marshall Stimson, Los An geles. Secretary, Florence J. O'Brien. Comptroller of Commission, Leo S. Robinson. WOMAN'S BOARD: The work of the women of the State in connection with the Exposition has crystallized in the Woman's Board, which is a sub-committee of the Exposition. Officials of the Woman's Board: Honorary President Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst President Mrs. Frederick G. Sanborn Honorary Vice-Presidents Mrs. John C. Bidwell, Mrs. Caroline Severance, Mrs. Irving M. Scott, Mrs. William H. Crocker, Mrs. John F. Swift, Mrs. Louis Sloss, Mrs. Emma Shafter Howard, Mrs. Berthe d'A Welch, Mrs. Mary C. Kincaid, Mrs. L. B. Moore Vice-Presidents Mrs. Lovell White, Mrs. I. Lowenberg, Mrs. William Hinckley Taylor, Mrs. John*F. Merrill Mrs. Frank L. Brown. Secretary Mrs. Gaillard Stoney Treasurer .....Mrs. Philip E. Bowles Assistant Treasurer Mrs. Edwin R. Dimond Auditor Mrs. Charles W. Slack Assistant in Dept. of Fine Arts....Mrs. Francis Carolan Asst. in Dept of Manufactures Mrs. Philip E. Bowles Asst. in Div. of Exploitation....Mrs. Ernest S. Simpson Asst. in Dept. of Live Stock Mrs. William Grant WOMAN'S STATE ORGANIZATION: The Woman's Board is forming auxiliaries in every county in the State, giving the women of the State an active association with the Exposition. FOREIGN PARTICIPATION: Up to the time of publication, the following foreign nations have accepted the invitation of the United States to participate in the Exposition: Argentine Republic, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chili, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Denmark, Dominican Re public, Ecuador, France, Guatemala, Haiti, Holland (The Netherlands), Honduras, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Mexico, Nicaragua, New Zealand, Panama, Persia, Peru, Portugal, Salvador, Spain, Sweden, Uruguay, Venezuela. The following nations have already selected their sites: BOLIVIA Dedicated a site June 12th, 1913. Horace G. Knowles, Env^y Extraordinary and Minister Pleni potentiary of the United States to Bolivia. CHINA Dedicated a site October 24th, 1912. Dr. Chin-tao Chen, Commissioner. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Dedicated a site May 26th, 1913. Doctor Francisco J. Peynado, Envoy Extra ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Do minican Republic to the United States. FRANCE Dedicated a site September 5th, 1913. Al bert Tirman, Roger Sandoz, Gaston de Pellerin de Latouche, Alfred Savy, Raphael Monnet, Commis sioners. GUATEMALA Dedicated a site July 14th, 1913, Min ister Joaquin Mendez, Commissioner. HONDURAS Dedicated a site July 14th, 1913. Min ister Joaquin Mendez, Commissioner. HOLLAND Dedicated a site December llth, 1912. Jonkheer Louden, Envoy Extraordinary and Min ister Plenipotentiary for the Netherlands. JAPAN Dedicated a site September 18th, 1912. Haruki Yamawaki, Goichi Takeda, Yoshikatsu Kat- ayama, Commissioners. PERU Dedicated a site July llth, 1913. Frederico Alphonso Pezet, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Peru to the United States. PORTUGAL Dedicated a site November 26th, 1912. Honorable J. Batalha de Freitas, Portuguese Min ister to China and Japan, Commissioner. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC Dedicated a site June 23rd, 1913. Romulo S. Naon, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Argentine Republic to the United States, Commissioner. SWEDEN Dedicated a site November 12th, 1912. Mr. John Hammar, Commissioner. DENMARK Dedicated a site March 15th, 1913. Min ister C. Brun, Commissioner. Lauro Muller, Commissioner. CUBA Dedicated, a site on September 25th, 1913. Colonel Jose Portuondo Y Tamayo. PANAMA Dedicated a site on October 10th, 1913,' the day which marked the celebration in honor of the removal of the last obstacle, the Gamboa dyke, and completed the Panama Canal. Senor Don J. E. LeFevre, First Secretary of Legation at Panama, Commissioner. PERSIA Dedicated a site on November 20th, 1913. Mirza Ali Kuli Khan, charge d'Affaires of the Le gation of Persia. STATE PARTICIPATION: Up to the date of this publication the following States and Territories have accepted the invitation to participate and dedicated their sites: Date of Amount State Dedication Appropriated Arizona July 5, 1912 Hawaii May 8, 1912 $100,000 Idaho March 22, 1912 100,000 Illinois June 24, 1912 300,000 Indiana Oct. 22, 1912 90,000 Kansas Oct. 29, 1913 40,000 Kentucky June 20, 1912 Massachusetts Feb. 4, 1913 250,000 Minnesota Dec. 11, 19*2 Missouri April 5, 1912 100,000 Montana March 22, -1912 Nebraska May 8, 1912 Nevada March 14, 1912 100,000 New Jersey June 17, 1912 200,000 New York Nov. 29, 1912 700,000 North Dakota Sept. 16, 1913.. 35,000 Ohio Oct. 10, 1912 Oklahoma Sept. 16, 1913 Oregon March 14, 1912 175,000 Pennsylvania July 5, 1912 300,000 Date of Amount State Dedication Appropriated The Philippines March 30, 1912 250,000 South Dakota March 30, 1912 Utah March 22, 1912 50,000 Washington March 22, 1912 175,000 West Virginia Nov. 29, 1912 75,00p Porto Rico May 22, 1913 Wisconsin Oct. 17, 1913 75,000 THE WONDERFUL SITE OF THE PANAMA- PACIFIC EXPOSITION: i It is doubtful if, anywhere in the world, could be found a site for a great exposition which surpassed or even equalled this in its combination of accessibility, scenic beauty and advantages. It is a natural amphitheatre with If floor about three miles long and from a third to a half-mile wide, backed by low hills, flanked at each end by Government res ervations and fortifications and fronting for its whole length on the beautiful, blue San Francisco Bay. It lies just within the famous "Golden Gate." It is about two miles from the business center of San Francisco and on the hills behind it is the best residential dis trict of the citjr. Magnificent mountain and marine views surround it, and whether the eye rests upon sea or shore or city height, there is the charm and thrill of impressive beauty. The grounds comprise 635 acres, divided into three sections. In the center are grouped the eleven great Exhibit Palaces and Festival Hall. To the west, spread ing fan-shaped along the bay, are located the Pavilions of Foreign Nations and the imposing Buildings of the States, while still beyond these are the Live-Stock Ex hibit buildings and Race Track, covering 65 acres, the Aviation Field, and the Drill Grounds, capable of show ing ten thousand troops in drill at one time. To the east of the Exhibit Palaces lie the sixty-five acres de voted to the Amusement Concessions. PALACES, COURTS AND GARDENS: Imagine eight splendid Exhibit Palaces, separated by connecting Courts and Avenues, grouped together into a rectangle. In the center, place a spacious court, containing a sunken garden capable of seating seven thousand persons, the "Court of the Universe." To the east of this, at the crossing of the avenues, place another principal Court, oriental in ornamentation, the "Court of Abundance;" to the west, a third main Court, occidental in significance, the "Court of the Four Seasons." As if to bid the world enter this charmed enclosure, wherein will 'be displayed the evi dences of man's high achievement, widen the avenues leading north to the lateral Courts into minor Courts, and call them respectively the "Court of Flowers" ana the "Court of Palms." Where the Palaces border upon the Courts, modify the architecture so that their fa cades form the walls of the Courts. Adorn these vast Palaces and Courts with circling colonnades, magnifi cent archways, lofty towers, domes and minarets, dig nify and grace them with heroic statuary, mural paintings, parterres and fountains. On the south line, for a Main Entrance, over the avenue leading north to the Central Court, erect a circular, seven-storied tower, covering an acre of ground at the base and rising to a height of 433 feet, called the Tower of Jewels, the dominating feature of this architectural scheme. And now to the east of this compact group, place one of the largest buildings in the world, the Palace of Machinery, and to the west, curving to the shore of a lake, for eleven hundred feet, with colonnade and pergola, place the superb Pal ace of Fine Arts. On the south of this group of Pal aces, plant a great Garden and in it set a crystal Palace devoted to Horticulture, and another domed structure, devoted to Conventions, Festival Hall. On the north, fill another great Garden, bordering the bay with shrubs and plants that* are the tribute of two zones, divide it with driveways and walks, and in its center set a lofty column supporting figures typifying man's climb to success or fame. And then, pour over these wondrous Palaces a flood of harmonious colors, fill the Courts with California sunshine, and as the picture takes .form, on your vision will rise the "Rainbow City" of the Panama-Pacific Exposition! ILLUMINATION: One of the most attractive and beautiful features of this Exposition will be the electrical illumination. By a system of flood lighting, a soft light will pervade the Courts at night, revealing the facades of the Palaces and the natural colors of the flowers. By peculiar and novel lighting devices, the statuary and mural paint ings will be made to appear with even heightened effect. Concealed batteries of powerful projectors will cause tens of thousands of specially prepared glass "jewels," hung tremulous upon the towers, to flash like great diamonds, rubies, and emeralds. At a point on the bay shore will be erected steam fireworks that will be marvels of design and magnificence. And search lights of great power will weave in the night sky auroras of ever-changing color. Altogether the spec tacle will be interesting and wonderful. PALACE OF FINE ARTS: Designed by B. R. Maybeck. Its length from north to south describes an arc eleven hundred feet. In this classical structure will be assembled the notable paintings of the world. The Fine Arts Palace will face upon a great lagoon, from whose surface its quiet and beautiful architecture will be re flected. It will be a fireproof structure. FESTIVAL HALL: Designed by Robert Farquhar of Los Angeles. The hall will contain seats for about three thousand people, a huge pipe organ and facilities for orchestral performances, as well as some ten halls of varying sizes for meetings and assemblages. PALACE OF HORTICULTURE: The Palace of Horticulture will be constructed al most entirely of glass and will cover over five acres. It will be surmounted by a dome 150 feet in height; it will be 672 feet long and its greatest width will be 320 feet; an imposing nave 80 feet in height will run the length of the building, and paralleling the central nave there will be (one on either side) two side aisles, each fifty feet in height. It is designed by Messrs. Bakewell and Brown of San Francisco. EXPOSITION AUDITORIUM: The Exposition Auditorium will be of steel and stone and will grace the Civic Center of San Francisco. It will be a lasting monument of the Panama-Pacific In ternational Exposition. The Exposition management set aside $1,000,000 for its erection and the City and County of San Francisco paid $701,437.08 for the site. This structure will be four stories and the main audi torium will accommodate 12,000. Messrs. John Galen Howard, Frederick H. Meyer and John Reid, Jr., are the architects. PALACE OF MACHINERY: The Palace of Machinery is the largest building erected on the Exposition site. It is 968 by 368 feet. One mile and a half of cornices were used in ornament ing the building. Four carloads of nails and fifteen hundred tons of steel (bolts and washers) were used in its construction. The numerous arched trusses supporting the lofty roof of this building are placed above the three long itudinal naves and have a span of 75 feet. These trusses weigh in the neighborhood of four tons each. Messrs. Ward and Blohme are the architects. CALIFORNIA BUILDING: The California Building will be in the Old Mission style and was designed by George W. Kelham. It will cover approximately 3550 x 675 feet, will be two stories in height and its construction and furnishihgs will represent an outlay of $500,000. This will be the "Host Building" of the Exposition. It will also contain the exhibits of the 58 counties of California. The Building and park will cover approx imately seven acres. The Woman's Board has assumed the responsibility of furnishing and maintaining this building and will have entire charge of its social administration. TOWER OF JEWELS: From an architectural viewpoint the dominating fea ture of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition will be the great Tower of Jewels rising at the south ern entrance to the Court of the Universe. This tower, designed by Messrs. Carrere and Hastings of New York, will be 433 feet in height. THE COURT OF THE UNIVERSE: The Court of the Universe will be seven hundred feet long and nine hundred feet wide. There will be a sunken garden in the center, and at the northern axis, between the Agricultural and Transportation Buildings, will be a great pool of water embellished with statuary and fountains and bordered by tropical growth. Messrs. McKim, Mead and White of New York are the designers. THE COURT OF ABUNDANCE: The Court of Abundance, designed by Louis C. Mull- gardt, will show the Oriental phase of the Spanish- Moorish architecture. The court will be dedicated to music, dancing and acting, and pageantry. COURT OF THE FOUR SEASONS: One of the most beautiful of the great inner courts of the Exposition will be the Court of the Four Seasons, or great west court. Hadrian's Villa, one of the historic Roman Palaces, is undoubtedly the inspira tion for this court, which is designed by Mr. Henry Bacon of New York. .CLASSIFICATION OF EXHIBITS: The Division of Exhibits under the charge of the Director of Exhibits is composed of eleven Depart ments, each of which is in charge of a Chief. These Departments are as follows: (a) Fine Arts, (b) Education, (c) Social Economy, (d) Liberal Arts, (e) Manufactures and Varied In dustries, (f) Machinery, (g) Transportation, (h) Agri culture, (i) Live Stock, (k) Horticulture, (1) Mines and Metallurgy. The classification is comprehensive and representa tive and has been reviewed by international authori ties. The exhibit Palaces, in which will be displayed the selected best examples of man's achievements in these fields of effort, form the main group of the Exposition buildings. They have aggregate floor space of 85 acres. Space in these Exhibit Palaces is free to exhibitors, but a rigid selection will be exercised. Commercial articles manufactured prior to 1905 will not be con sidered for awards. EXHIBITS BY DEPARTMENTS: FINE ARTS: The painting and sculpture of every nation of artistic prominence will be adequately shown in the Palace of Fine Arts, whether or not the nations themselves officially exhibit. The exhibits in the United States Section will con sist not only of the work of contemporary artists, but of historic American paintings from the time of West, Copley, and Stuart to the present, and a loan collection of canvasses by foreign artists owned in the United States. The installation of the canvasses and small bronzes will be intimate and the color scheme of the galleries will vary to serve as a sympathetic background for their contents. Much of the monumental sculpture will be installed in a beautiful setting of shrubbery in front of the Palace. EDUCATION: The educational exhibits will show development since 1905 and by specializing on promising movements and reforms will seek to forecast the education of tomorrow. There will be a comparative exhibit of the educational systems of all nations participating and a compre hensive demonstration of educational work in the United States in all its phases from kindergarten to university. A special effort will be made to show the relation that education has borne to the general industrial advance of the past ten years. SOCIAL ECONOMY: The Department of Social Economy will bring to gether a comprehensive collection of exhibits illustra- tive of the conditions, relations and institutions of man considered as a member of organized society and government, together with displays showing the agen cies and means employed for his well being. As far as possible, operating examples will be given of all phases of the work for human betterment. Child welfare will receive exhaustive treatment by exhibits of day nurseries in operation, public play grounds, and the work of organizations such as boy scouts, camp-fire girls, etc. All phases of Charities and Corrections will be con sidered. A separate group will be devoted to Criminology. A very large exhibit will be made of urban problems such as the proper housing of the people, park systems, public buildings, street improvement, methods of dis posing of sewage, etc. Rural problems will be treated in another group. The relation of Finance to the public welfare will be illustrated by exhibits of its most important agen cies such as banks and provident associations, modern credit associations, etc. In the same way Commerce will be treated by ex hibits showing co-operative enterprises; the different forms of the distribution of goods; business standards, methods of efficiency and systems. The Labor group will contain exhibits illustrative of modern work conditions and standards, including welfare and efficiency. Domestic science and woman's vocations are embraced in this group. For the reason that the completion of the Panama Canal was made possible only by the rigid application of the latest discoveries in Hygiene, this subject will be especially emphasized. Methods of Missionary work and religious education will embrace exhibits by the various religious organi zations. The institutions of the great nations of the earth which tend to promote international and universal peace and good will between the governments and peoples, such as peace conferences and diplomatic and consular systems will receive a broad and sympathetic treatment by exhibitional studies and examples. LIBERAL ARTS: Liberal Arts rank high in the Classification of ex hibits because they embrace the Applied Sciences which indicate the result of man's education and culture, illustrate his tastes, and demonstrate his inventive genius, scientific attainment and artistic expression. The Department of Liberal Arts will occupy one entire building styled the Palace of Liberal Arts, cen trally located and forming one of the leading elements in the main Exposition picture. This splendid Palace is directly opposite the main entrance to the Exposition Grounds and is approximately 585 feet long, 470 feet wide and 65 feet high, covering nearly six acres. MANUFACTURES AND VARIED INDUSTRIES: The Department of a Universal Exposition in which the nations of the earth are most certain to participate is the exhibition of finished products of manufacture and manual skill, the objects of utility, luxury and taste in which each country excels and which constitute the most valuable and profitable part of foreign com merce. Artistic work is the kind a nation shows with the greatest pride and satisfaction; and the art in dustries of Europe, the Orient, and the United States, will be brilliantly displayed in the Palaces of Manu factures and Varied Industries at the Exposition. The exhibits will disclose new ideas of form and finish, of style and ornament, which will have an im portant educational and stimulative effect on taste and workmanship throughout the world. The plan of the two Palaces and adjacent courts and avenues is unique in Exposition construction; and the beautiful decoration of the interior of the buildings will add to the attractiveness of the displays. MACHINERY: In the great Palace of Machinery will be assembled exhibits of machinery used in the generation, transmis sion and application of power. The several groups will comprise examples of steam generators and motors utilizing steam; internal combustion motors; hydraulic motors; miscellaneous motors; general machinery and accessories; and tools for shaping wood and metals. To these will be added ten special electrical groups covering the generation, distribution and control of electrical energy in its application to mechanical and motor power, lighting, heating. Special effort will be made to classify and display the exhibits of machinery so that they will have edu cational value to the public as well as to afford com parative interest and profit to inventors, machinists and manufacturers. The increasing use of electrical apparatus in the industries, vocations and affairs of life caused the management of the Exposition to abandon the use of a separate building for Electricity and distribute the machinery and apparatus through out the Palaces according to its use in the various industries. As far as possible machinery will be shown in opera tion. TRANSPORTATION : At this Exposition the Transportation Exhibit (like all others) will be made, as far as possible, contempor aneous, not historical. It wilj. display the very latest achievements of human ingenuity in every part of the field of Transportation. On account of the great development of the motor boat industry and aerial navigation these two groups will be thoroughly represented, both in the building and in outdoor exhibits. For exhibition purposes and for the general instruction of the public, the Aviation Field will offer opportunity for showing the rapid development in the art and science of the invasion of the air. In this building will be shown the exhibits of all the great steamship companies; the water transporta tion of all countries; their navigation and commerce; characteristic boats of all nations; sail and steam yachts, to be generally shown by models. The electric companies will show the latest applica tion of electricity to the agency of transportation. A locomotive exhibit will illustrate the latest types; car exhibits will show the modern development of street car equipment; and there will be a complete showing of railway supplies, including all the new inventions and appliances used for the protection of life and property in this connection. AGRICULTURE: The section devoted to the interests of agriculture will embrace an area of more than forty acres. There will be a Palace of Agriculture, covering seven and a half acres. The exhibits t will deal with every possible phase of the agricultural industry. One of the most important of the many groups in the general agricultural classi fication is that devoted to farm implements and ma chinery. No less than seven distinct classes will be required, and the exhibits relative to this subject will be displayed in the Agricultural Palace instead of in a separate building as has been done in previous Ex positions. Under this same department, although in a separate Palace, the Exhibits of food products will be grouped. Vegetable and animal food products and the equip ment and methods employed in the preparation of foods and beverages will be extensively shown. In the agricultural department also will be shown all that pertains to forestry and forest products. LIVE STOCK: In keeping with the general plan of the Exposition the Department of Live Stock will be presented in a better phase than has heretofore characterized such exhibitions. Competitions for the $175,000 in prize money appropriated by the Exposition, and for the supplemental premiums offered by the breeders' asso ciations will take place in the months of October and November. In addition to this there will be a continuous Live Stock display from February 20th to December 4th. In housing, arrangements of the classi fication and arrangements of the exhibits, the Depart ment of Live Stock at San Francisco will demonstrate the advancement that has been made since former World Expositions. Special events include Universal Polo, an Interna tional Cavalry Contest, two harness horse Racing Meets, and the carrying on of a series of demonstra tions which will teach everything that is new in this important industry. HORTICULTURE: The exhibits in practical horticulture will embrace all phases of that section of the industry. A fully equipped fruit canning establishment will be in opera tion, showing the sanitary way in which fruit is pre pared and canned. Every step of the process will be shown. A seed packing establishment, orange packing house, olive oil presses in operation and exhibits of tools used in the culture of fruits, trees and flowers, and objects used in ornamentation of the garden will make the exhibit in the Department of Horticulture complete in every detail. The f restless climate of California, which enables plant life to attain the highest perfection of growth, will give the floricultural exhibit of the Exposition a distinction and beauty it has not been possible to attain at other expositions where the seasons have been short and the winters severe. New creations and heretofore unexhibited varieties will form a feature of surprise and interest such as has never before been assembled in one exhibit. Leading growers and nurserymen all over the world have already signified their intention to participate in the general display as well as in the Rose Contest. The Exposition offers as trophy a $1000 cup to the originator of the finest new seedling rose which has never before been exhibited. Growers of rare green-house plants and exhibitors from tropical countries will assemble in the Conserva tory section a wealth of unrivaled exotic beauty. MINES AND METALLURGY: The Department of Mines and Metallurgy deals with the natural mineral resources of the world, their ex ploration and exploitation, their conversion into metal, their manufacture into structural forms and into raw material for the various industries. It takes in the ordinary metallics, such as gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron, aluminum, etc.; the rare metallics, such as tungsten, vanadium, uranium, radium, platinum, etc.; the non-metallics, such as clay, cement and their products; coal, oil and gas; the salines, fertilizers, etc. The object of the Mines and Metallurgy exhibit is twofold: First, to draw attention to the natural mineral resources of each country, state or community, so that the public may learn of the mode of occurrence of the metals of commerce and their distribution, of the stage of development of the various districts, of present sources of supply and consumption and of possible future sources of supply and of extended markets. Second, to educate the public in a general way regarding the details of the industry, its problems and its needs. Exhibits of the natural mineral resources will be attractively arranged, with special regard to their edu cational value. A special effort will be made to fuUy illustrate the technique and the industrial side of Mining and Metallurgy. Machinery plays an important part in the operating, and reduction end of mining; in the section devoted to mining and metallurgical ma chinery many interesting and instructive exhibits will be made of machinery and processes in operation. INFORMATION FOR EXHIBITORS: Qualified exhibitors will be those corporations, firms or individuals who have produced the article, object, or material exhibited. Those who have importantly aided or co-operated in such production may be given proportionate consideration. To encourage the exhibiting of machinery in motion, an especially low rate for motor current is made for exhibitors. This is a contemporaneous Exposition. Commer cial articles manufactured prior to 1905 will not be reviewed for award. Historical material will be given no award value. The country where an exhibit is produced and not the citizenship of the exhibitor, will determine the nationality of the exhibit. The entire space in all the Palaces is free to ex hibitors. It is about equally divided in each between the United States and foreign nations. Domestic space is allotted by the Division of Exhibits directly to ex hibitors. Space in the foreign sections is allotted to individual exhibitors by the Foreign Commissions of the respective countries. Ground space is allotted by the Exposition to foreign nations, states and territories of the United States, and the national government, and is free. The main exhibition palaces will be opened to visitors at nine o'clock a. m. each day and will be closed at the hour of sunset, except the Art Palace, which, at stated times, may be open after sunset. DELIVERY AND INSTALLATION: The delivery and installation of exhibits have been made a special study by the Exposition Management. Exhibits of every character from every part of the world may be landed directly at the special docks on the Exposition grounds. The same facilities will be offered in the case of railway shipments, which will enable cars to be lightered direct from the various tidewater terminals of the railroads to the Exposition. Furthermore, there will be railroad tracks about the grounds and into the buildings, and ample openings will be provided in the buildings to admit large ex hibits. Exhibits may be consigned directly to the space to be occupied, through a Terminal Company which is incorporated within the Exposition Company for re ceiving and transferring exhibits. This will relieve the exhibitor of any necessity of handling his exhibit further than to consign it to the President of the Ex position. Exhibits will be handled at published tariff rates, and there will be no annoyance from many small charges incident to transferring material from the trunk lines to the exhibit building which it is to occupy. These matters are under charge of the Traffic Department. TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT: The Traffic Department is preparing data for a book entitled, "Traffic Rules and Regulations." This book, when completed, will show available routes and the basis of rates to San Francisco on exhibits from all parts of the world. It will give full instructions concerning customs regulations of the United States Government on exhibits, and will also enumerate the various transportation lines, both rail and water, throughout the country, that have announced special rates on exhibits. It will also contain full instructions regarding the delivery of exhibits to allotted space; the storage of packing cases, etc. Full instructions will also be given pertaining to the return of exhibits, at the close of the Exposition to their point of origin. CONCESSIONS: The main Amusement Street will be 3000 feet in length and will run through the center of the con cessions district. This district will be sixty-five acres in area, on the eastern edge of the Exposition site, at the foot of Van Ness Avenue extending to Fillmore Street. It will be open from 9:30 A. M. until 11:00 o'clock P. M. More than 6000 applications for concessions have been received, but less than 100 have been accepted. These involve an expenditure of $6,800,000. The Amusement concessions have been granted with the most rigid selectiveness. Everyone admitted has satisfied a high standard of propriety, good taste and educational value as well as effective fun-making and entertainment. More than 7000 people will be employed in the con cessions district. The total investment in amusements will exceed ten millions of dollars. CONVENTIONS AND CONGRESSES: The Exposition has organized a "Bureau of Con ventions and Societies" to have charge of all arrange ments for Conventions and Congresses to meet in San Francisco in 1915. This work will be under the fol lowing general heads: 1. National and international gatherings held under the auspices of particular societies. 2. Learned Societies. 3. Conventions. 4. Information as to hotels, transportation routes and rates, as well as places of interest throughout the Pacific Coast. The Bureau will furnish full and accurate information regarding hotel rates and facilities, halls, transporta tion routes and rates, and such other information as may be desired by organizations planning to meet in San Francisco in 1915. MILITARY PARTICIPATION: This Department is under the active management of Major Sydney A. Cloman, United States Army, who has been detailed for this purpose by the War De partment. The Exposition grounds are ideally located for both military and naval displays and the serious study of all matters pertaining to any branch of those services. Across the Golden Gate on the Marin Hills frown the highest seacoast batteries in the United States. On the west is the Presidio, the ancient Spanish strong hold, now a most important army post of the United States, containing a large garrison of cavalry, artillery, infantry, and the technical and staff corps. Here military work is practically continuous. An International Military Tournament will be held. Organizations from many foreign armies, the organized militia of our various states, military schools and cadet corps will compete. Competitions will also be arranged between the uniform ranks of the various fraternal societies. NAVAL PARTICIPATION: Secretary of the Navy, Josephus Daniels, has ex pressed his intention of sending the Atlantic Fleet through the Panama Canal and thence to the Exposition in 1915. The Naval participation at this Exposition promises to surpass all previous events of its kind, as there is every assurance that the nations of the world will send their battleships to the Exposition shortly after the gates are opened. England, France, and Italy have already stated, in response to the invitation sent out by the President of the United States, that they will send squadrons. THE OFFICIAL "BUREAU OF INFORMATION AND PUBLIC SERVICE:" The Exposition has organized an efficient "Bureau of Information and Public Service," which all inquirers are invited to use freely and, of course, free of charge. HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS: San Francisco is second only to New York in the number and quality of her hotel accommodations. At present there are over 2,000 hotels and apartment houses in San Francisco. This number is supplemented by the many up-to-date hostelries of the trans-bay cities of Oakland, Berkeley and Alameda. Very reasonable rates are in force and the hotel association has as sured the Exposition officials that these rates will pre vail during the Exposition period. Rooms occupied by one person may be obtained in San Francisco by the day from $1.00 up. Rooms with baths,, $1.50 up. San Francisco is noted for the number and variety of her restaurants, where substantial meals can be obtained from 25c to $1.00. It is generally conceded that, quality for quality, the San Francisco restaurant prices are from 20 per cent to 40 per cent below those of New York City. The visitor to the Panama-Pacific Universal Exposition can be assured of the fact that he will not be over-charged by the hotels and restaur ants. He can live on the fat of the land and that at a price well within his means. A great Exposition hotel to be erected in the grounds will make a specialty of catering to visitors to the Exposition. The Inside Inn will be commodious, with a standard of quality equal to first-class city hotels. It will be located in a beautiful and central spot adja cent to the Exposition Palaces and San Francisco Bay. The rates will range from $1.00 to $10.00 per day for each person (European Plan), according to size and lo cation of rooms. Parties, either of women or men, may be accommodated at very reasonable rates in rooms containing several beds. Breakfast will be served for 50c, luncheon 50c, and dinner $1.00. Meals will also be served a la carte. In addition there will be a ladies' grill, a gentlemen's cafe, a lunch room and private din ing rooms. The Inside Inn, being within the Exposition grounds, will be subject to the rules and regulations of the Ex position, and no abuses or over-charges will be per mitted. So that, with over 2,000 hotels and apartment houses already built and dozens more going up, the accommo dations in the trans-bay cities, and the spacious In side Inn, there will be ample room for the millions of visitors expected in 1915. WELFARE WORK: The Woman's Board is organizing a comprehensive system of welfare work, one which will include a traveler's aid department, information bureau and dom icile registers. It will mean that any woman of any country may come to San Francisco during the Ex position and rest assured of protection. The organi zation will include representatives of every nationality and every religion. SEEING SAN FRANCISCO: San Francisco in itself is a wonderful exposition as to what man can accomplish in the building of a city. The entire business section and a great part of the residence section has been beautifully and strongly re-built at a total cost of just about what it has taken to dig the Panama Canal $375,000,000. The visitor to the Exposition can well afford to spend another week, taking in the beauties and wonderful sights of San Francisco its Golden Gate Park, Golden Gate, Seal Rocks, splendid harbor, markets, military reservations, Old Mission, Chinatown, Italian section, shipping, wharves, etc. WONDERFUL SIDE TRIPS: With San Francisco as a center, the visitor has the opportunity of making some easy side trips to places of interest and the wonders of California as Stanford University at Palo Alto, University of California at Berkeley, the Mare Island Navy Yard, Mt. Tamalpais, with its "crookedest railway in the world;" the Muir Redwoods, Piedmont Springs, Lake Merritt, and the Ocean Boulevard automobile drive, and the great in terior valleys of California with their golden harvest of fruit, and a little further afield, the unique, awe- inspiring Yosemite Valley, Lake Tahoe and the beau tiful, snow-capped Mount Shasta. CLIMATE: San Francisco offers a cool coast summer climate with no rain; a winter climate without snow, ice, or blizzard. The annual mean temperature of San Francisco is 56 degrees Fahrenheit. September is the warmest, and January the coldest month. The mean temperature of September is 59.1 degrees, and of January 49.2. In the last 20 years there have been only 27 days during which the temperature exceeded 90 degrees, and in the same period it has not fallen below 32 degrees, the freezing point. The differences between day and night temper atures are small. The warmest hour, 2 p. m., has a mean temperature of 59.2, and the coolest hour, 6 a. m., has a mean temperature of 50.9 degrees. The following shows the average number of rainy days during the months of the Exposition period, the data being taken from official records covering 62 years: March, 11 rainy days; April, ^6; May, 4; June, 1; July, 0; August, 0; September, 2; October, 4; Nov ember, 7. IMPORTANT HINT ON CLOTHING: Visitors to San Francisco from Eastern, Middle Wes tern and Southern States should note the average tem peratures stated above and prepare in conformity thereto. The temperature of San Francisco practically the year around is about that of middle April or early May in New York, London or Chicago. Do not come clad for a hot Eastern summer. Light overcoats and wraps are always in demand in the evening. From April to November umbrellas may safely be left at home. PROGRESS: The Exposition will open on time. All the Divisions are working in full force. The Palace of Machinery is nearly completed, and the other Exhibit Palaces are under construction by time contracts, and will be ready for occupancy by August, 1914. The grounds are being made ready. Thousands of shrubs and plants and groves of trees are being transplanted. The Statuary is being molded in great workshops on the grounds from models by world-renowned sculptors. The designs of the Mural Paintings by celebrated masters in the art are in hand. The Exhibit space is already over subscribed and the selective work in process. Some of the leading amusement attractions are now being in stalled. The exploitation of the enterprise goes for ward in all the principal nations of the earth. The out look is bright for one of the greatest Universal Ex positions in history, and the Panama-Pacific Interna tional Exposition will open FEBRUARY 20TH, 1915. PLAN NOW to Visit this great Exposition Conbensfcb Concerning the Panama- Pacific Universal Exposition San Francisco 1915 ISSUED OCTOBER : 1913 University of California Berkeley r Issued by Division of Exploitation L Panama- Pacific International Exposition J FACTS ABOUT THE 1915 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION HISTORICAL: The Panama-Pacific International Exposition, which is the nation's celebration of the completion of the Panama Canal, will cost at least $50,000,000. In this respect, as well as in the matter of exhibits and artistic conception, it will be vastly greater than any world's exposition that has ever been held. The Exposition gates will be opened February 20th, and will close December the 4th, 1915, giving an Ex position period of 288 days. The foundation for the great Exposition was laid in the raising of an original fund of $17,500,000, which amount was pledged to it by the people of San Fran cisco and California before Congress was asked to give it official governmental recognition. Of this $17,500,000, a sum of more than $4,000,000 was raised within two hours by popular subscription at a great mass meeting held in the Merchants' Exchange Building during April, 1910. This popular subscription was later increased by other pledges to the amount of $7,500,000. In addition to the popular subscription fund, the State of California has taxed itself in the sum of $5,- 000,000 to aid the Exposition and the city of San Fran cisco has authorized $5,000,000 worth of bonds for the same purpose. Approximately $3,000,000 more is made possibly available through an action by the legislature permit ting the counties of the State to levy a tax not to exceed 6 cents on each $100 assessed valuation to de fray the cost of county displays at the Exposition. Of the 58 counties in the State of California, 44 have already levied a tax for participation. On January 31st, 1911, the National House of Repre sentatives took final action upon the matter of extend ing federal recognition and brought to an end a friend ly fight between San Francisco and New Orleans, which had been contending for months for the honor of hold ing the exposition. San Francisco won its case before the House of Rep resentatives by a vote of 188 to 159. On February 8, 1911, the Senate Committee of Con gress reported unanimously in favor of San Francisco and! the bill was passed a few days later. It was signed by President Taft on February 15th, 1911. Ground was broken for the Exposition on October 14th, 1911, President Taft turning the first spadeful of earth which marked the actual era of exposition con struction. On February 2nd, 1912, President Taft, assured that the necessary funds were available and that a proper site had been selected for the holding of the Exposi tion, issued a proclamation inviting the nations of the world to participate. OFFICIALS OF EXPOSITION: President Charles C. Moore Vice Presidents Wm. H. Crocker, R. B. Hale, M. H. de Young, I. W. Hellman, Jr., Leon Sloss and James Rolph, Jr. Secretary R. J. Taussig Treasurer A. W. Foster Director-in-Chief Dr. Frederick J. V. Skiff Executive Secretary Joseph M. Gumming General Attorney Frank S. Brittain Comptroller Rodney S. Durkee Directors of Divisions. Works Harris D. H. Connick Exhibits Asher Carter Baker Concessions Frank Burt Exploitation George Hough Perry Traffic Manager A. M. Mortensen FOREIGN PARTICIPATIONS: So far the following foreign countries have accepted the nation's invitation to participate in the Exposition. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chili, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecu ador, France, Guatemala, Hawaii, Hayti, Holland, Honduras, Japan, Liberia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Portugal, Salvador, Sweden, Uruguay, Venezuela, Philippine fehtgfls, New Zealand. The following nations have already selected their sites: BOLIVIA Dedicated a site June 12th, 1913. Horace G. Knowles, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Bolivia. CHINA Dedicated a site October 24th, 1912. Doc tor Chin-tao Chen, Commissioner. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Dedicated a site May 26th, 1913. Doctor Francisco J. Peynado, Envoy Ex traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Do minican Republic to the United States. FRANCE Dedicated a site September 5th, 1913. Al bert Tirman, Roger Sandoz, Gaston de Pellerin de Latouche, Alfred Savy, Raphael Monnet, Commis sioners. GUATEMALA Dedicated a site July 14th, 1913. Min ister Joaquin Mendez, Commissioner. HONDURAS Dedicated a site July 14th, 1913. Minis ter Joaquin Mendez, Commissioner. HOLLAND Dedicated a site December llth, 1912. Jonkheer London, Envoy Extraordinary and Min ister Plenipotentiary for the Netherlands. JAPAN Dedicated a site September 18th, 1912. Har- uki Yamawaki, Goichi Takeda, Yoshikatsu Kata- yama, Commissioners. PERU Dedicated a site July llth, 1913. Frederico Alphonso Pezet, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Peru to the United States. PORTUGAL Dedicated a site November 26th, 1912. Honorable J. Batalha de Freitas, Portuguese Min ister to China and Japan, Commissioner. SWEDEN Dedicated a site November 12th, 1912. Mr. John Hammar, Commissioner. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC Dedicated a site June 23rd, 1913. Romulo S. Naon, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Argentine Republic to the United States, Commissioner. DENMARK Dedicated a site March 15th, 1913. Min ister C. Brim, Commissioner. BRAZIL Dedicated a site July 1st, 1913. Doctor Lauro Muller, Commissioner. PANAMA Dedicated! a site on October 10, 1913, the day which marked the celebration in honor of the removal of the last obstacle, the Gamboa dyke, and completed the Panama Canal. Senor Don J. E. Le- fevre, First Secretary of Legation at Panama, Com missioner. STATE PARTICIPATION: Up to September 20th the following states had ac cepted the invitation to participate, dedicated their sites and made appropriations: Date of Amount State Dedication. Appropriated. Arizona July 5, 1912 2. Colorado 3. Hawaii May 8,1912 $100,000 4. Idaho March 22, 1912 100,000 5. Illinois June 24, 1912 300,000 6. Indiana Oct. 22, 1912 90,000 7. Iowa 8. Kansas 40,000 9. Kentucky June 20, 1912 10. Louisiana 11. Maryland 12. Massachusetts Feb. 4,1913 250.000 13. Minnesota Dec. 11, 1912 14. Missouri April 5, 1912 100,000 15. Montana March 22, 1912 16. Nebraska May 8,1912 17. Nevada March 14, 1912 100,000 18. New Jersey June 17, 1912 200,000 -19. New Mexico... 20. New York Nov. 29, 1912 700,000 21. North Dakota Sept. 16, 1913 35,000 22. Ohio Oct. 10, 1912 23. Oklahoma Sept. 16, 1913 24. Oregon March 14, 1912 175,000 25. Pennsylvania July 5,1912 300,000 26. The Philippines March 30, 1912 250,000 28. South Dakota March 30, 1912 . 29. 30. Utah March 22, 1912 50,000 31. Washington March 22, 1912 175,000 32. West Virginia ....... Nov. 29, 1912 ...... 75,000 34. Porto Eico .......... May 22, 1913 35. Wisconsin ............................. 75,000 CLASSIFICATION OF EXHIBITS: The Division of Exhibits under the charge of the Director of Exhibits is composed of eleven Depart ments, each of which is in charge of a Chief. These Departments are as follows: (a) Fine Arts, (b) Education, (c) Social Economy, (d) Liberal Arts, (e) Manufactures and Varied Indus tries, (f) Machinery, (g) Transportation, (h) Agricul ture, (i) Live Stock, (k) Horticulture, (1) Mines and Metallurgy. Each of these Departments is now organized and is pursuing an active campaign in getting together an interesting diversity of exhibits, which will be of highly educational value. Such progress has been made that there are already on file a great variety of appli cations for exhibit space. PURPOSES OF 1915 EXPOSITION: It is the purpose of this Exposition to bring together the achievements and activities of the world during the past decade for inspection and study by world experts, and for the instruction and information of all classes. The classification is comprehensive and representa tive a contemporary record for the congress of the hu man race and has been reviewed by international authorities. INFORMATION FOR EXHIBITORS: Qualified exhibitors will be those corporations, firms or individuals who have produced the article, object, or material exhibited, but those who have importantly aided or co-operated! in such production may be given proportionate consideration. To encourage the exhibiting of machinery in motion, an especially low rate for motor current is made for exhibitors. This is a contemporaneous Exposition. Commercial articles manufactured prior to 1905 will not be re viewed for award. Historical material will be given no award value. The country where an exhibit is produced and not the citizenship of the exhibitor, will determine the na tionality of the exhibit. No charge will be made for space allotted for exhib itors. No charge will be made for space allotted for build ings of foreign governments, of the State, Territorial or District Governments of the United States. The main exhibition palaces will be opened to vis itors at nine (9) o'clock a. m. each day and will be closed at the hour of sunset, except the Art Palace, which, at stated times, may be open after sunset. EXHIBITS OF MACHINERY: In Machinery Palace will be collected an exhibit of machinery and electrical apparatus designed to be of special educational value to the public, as well as tech nical men. The close relationship of electrical and me chanical apparatus has caused these products to be placed in one building rather than to have a separate building. Improvements in the last few years on the many types of machinery will insure some new and interest ing exhibits not before placed in any Exposition. Near the Palace of Machinery will be a build ing known as the G-as and Fuels Building, in which will be exhibited a boiler plant, gas producers, proc esses of welding and other features requiring heat or fire, and which will make exhibits of unusual interest. In Machinery Hall there will be installed 4 over head traveling cranes, 2 of 30 tons capacity in the cen tral bay of the building and one of 20 tons capacity, in each of the two adjacent bays. These cranes span a distance of nearly 70 feet and run on tracks through out the length of the building. As a means of extending the range of educational value of machinery exhibits, many machines will be in operation. Mechanical and electrical equipments will be connected up so as to show their uses, and the in terior construction of many machines will be shown by being taken apart or sections cut therein. Also an in teresting feature will be the illustration of many proc esses of manufacture by showing material in different stages, between raw material and the finished product. TRANSPORTATION EXHIBITS: At other international expositions that celebrated a historical event the historical side of Transportation was featured both in the development of motive power, as well as in the development of permanent way. As this Exposition is entirely contemporaneous, and his torical matter has no award value, such exhibits will be absent; but on account of the great development of the motor boat industry and aerial navigation these two groups will be thoroughly represented, both in the building and in outdoor exhibits. The Aviation Field will offer opportunity of showing the rapid develop ment in the art and science of the invasion of the air, for exhibition purposes and for the general instruc tion of the public. The public will become acquainted with the motor manufacture and the operation of the various aero nautic devices that are being produced in this coun try and abroad. In this building will be shown the exhibits of all the great steamship companies; the water transporta tion of all countries; their navigation and commerce; characteristic boats of all nations; sail and steam yachts, to be generally shown by models. The electric companies are showing the latest appli cation of electricity to the agency of transportation. A locomotive exhibit will illustrate the latest types; car exhibits will show the modern development of street car equipment; and there will be a complete showing of railway supplies, including all the new inventions and appliances used for the protection of life and property in this connection. DELIVERY AND INSTALLATION: The delivery and installation of exhibits have been made a special study by the Exposition Management. Exhibits of every character from every part of the world may be landed directly at the special docks on the Exposition grounds. The same facilities will be offered in the case of railway shipments, which will enable cars to be lightered direct from the various tidewater terminals of the railroads to the Exposition. Furthermore, there will be railroad tracks about the grounds and into the buildings, and ample openings will be provided in the buildings to admit large ex hibits. Exhibits may be consigned directly to the space to be occupied through a Terminal Company which is incorporated within the Exposition Company for re ceiving and transferring exhibits. This will relieve the exhibitor of any necessity of handling his exhibit fur ther than to consign it to the President of the Exposi tion. Exhibits will be handled at published tariff rates, and there will be no annoyance from many small charges incident to transferring material from the trunk lines to the exhibit building which it is to occupy. These matters are under charge of the Traf fic Department. TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT: The Traffic Department is preparing data for a book entitled, ' ' Traffic Rules and Regulations. ' ' This book, when completed, will show available routes and the basis of rates to San Francisco on exhibits from all parts of the world. It will give full instructions con cerning customs regulations of the United States Gov ernment on exhibits, and will also enumerate the va rious transportation lines, both rail and water, through out the country that have announced special rates on exhibits. It will also contain full instructions regard ing the delivery of exhibits to allotted space; the storage of packing cases, etc. Full instructions will also be given pertaining to the return of exhibits at the close of the Exposition to their point of origin. MILITARY PARTICIPATION: This Department is under the active management of Major Sydney A. Cloman. United States Army, who has been detailed for this purpose by the War Department. The setting of the Exposition grounds, fronting on beautiful San Francisco Bay and directly adjoining Fort Mason on one side and the Presidio on the other is ideally located for both military and naval displays and the serious study of all matters pertaining to any branch of those services. Directly east of the grounds are the newly completed Transport Docks, from which sails the Government fleet that keeps us in touch with our Island possessions in the Pacific. Across the Golden Gate on the Marin Hills frown the highest seacoast batteries in the United States. On the west is the Presidio, the ancient Spanish strong hold, which is now probably the most important army post in the United States, containing a large garrison of cavalry, artillery, infantry, and the technical and staff corps. Here military work is practically contin uous, varying from teaching the awkward "rooky" how to walk, to night practice with the great concealed sea-coast batteries at a five-mile range. Visitors may also get permission to visit many other forts around the Bay that taken together make this one of the most strongly fortified harbors in the world. In the Exposition proper it is the intention of the Administration to make the military features unique and much more important than ever seen before in an Exposition. An International Military Tournament will be held and it is assured that organizations will compete from many foreign armies, the organized militia of our va rious states, military schools and cadet corps. Com petitions will also be arranged between the uniform ranks of the various fraternal societies. NAVAL PARTICIPATION: Secretary of the Navy, Josephus Daniels, has ex pressed his approval of sending the Atlantic Fleet through the Panama Canal and thence to the Exposi tion in 1915. Commander David Foote Sellers, U. S. N., has beem detailed by the Navy Department to act as Naval Aide to the President of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. The Naval participation at this Exposition promises to surpass all previous events of its kind, as there is every assurance that the nations of the world will send their battleships to the Exposition shortly after the gates are opened. DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS: Liberal Arts rank high in the Classification of ex hibits because they embrace the Applied Sciences which indicate the result of man's education and culture, il lustrate his tastes, and demonstrate his inventive gen ius, scientific attainment and artistic expression. The Department of Liberal Arts will occupy one en tire building styled the Palace of Liberal Arts, cen trally located and forming one of the leading elements in the main Exposition picture. This splendid Palace is directly opposite the main entrance to the Exposition Grounds and is approximately 585 feet long, 470 feet wide and 65 feet high, covering nearly six acres. LIVE STOCK: In keeping with the general plan of the Exposition the Department of Live Stock will be presented in a better phase than has heretofore characterized such exhibitions. Competitions for the $175,000 in prize money appropriated by the Exposition, and for the sup plemental premiums offered by the breeders' associa tions will take place in the months of October and No vember. In addition to this there will be a continuous Live Stock display from February 20th to December 4th. In housing, arrangements of the classification and arrangements of the exhibits, the Department of Live Stock at San Francisco will demonstrate the advance ment that has been made since former World Exposi tions. Special events include Universal Polo, an Interna tional Cavalry Contest, two harness horse Racing Meets, and the carrying on of a series of demonstra tions which will teach everything that is new in this important industry. EDUCATION: The educational exhibits will show development since 1905 and by specializing on promising movements and reforms will seek to forecast the education of tomor row. There will be a comparative exhibit of the educa tional systems of all nations participating and a com prehensive demonstration of educational work in the United States in all its phases from kindergarten to university. A special effort will be made to show the relation that education has borne to the general industrial advance of the past ten years. CONVENTIONS AND CONGRESSES: The Exposition has organized a "Bureau of Con ventions and Societies" to have charge of all arrange ments for Conventions and Congresses to meet in San Francisco in 1915. This work will be under the follow ing general heads: 1. National and international gatherings held under the auspices of particular societies; 2. Learned societies; 3. Conventions; 4. Information as to hotels, transportation routes and rates, as well as places of interest throughout the Pacific Coast. The Bureau will furnish full and accurate informa tion regarding hotel rates and facilities, halls, trans portation routes and rates, and such other information as may be desired by organizations planning to meet in San Francisco in 1915. DESCRIPTION OF SITE: The site chosen for the Exposition proper comprises a tract of approximately 635 acres, including a portion of the Harbor View district and government property within the Presidio and Fort Mason. It has a frontage of nearly three miles on the Bay of San Francisco just within the Golden Gate and is in a natural basin sur rounded by hills. The Grounds of the 1915 Exposition adjoin a great military reservation with its forts and parade grounds, and close by is the magnificent Golden Gate Park along whose front the ocean breaks. Ten acres will be devoted to the government ex hibit, 40 acres to State Buildings and 37 to foreign buildings. Sixty-five acres have been set aside for the Amuse ment concessions and an equal space for the Live Stock Exhibits. PALACE OF MACHINERY: The Palace of Machinery will be the largest building erected on the Exposition site. It will be 968 by 368 feet. One mile and a half of cornices will be used in ornamenting the building. It will contain 1500 tons of steel (bolts and washers), and in construction four carloads of nails will be used. Eight million feet of lumber will also be necessary for this structure. The arched trusses of this building will be 75 feet wide and they will be placed three in a row. These trusses weigh in the neighborhood of four tons each. Messrs. Ward and Blohme are the architects. THE COURT OF ABUNDANCE: The architecture of the Court of Abundance, de signed by Louis C. Mullgardt, will be striking, partak ing of the Oriental phase of the Spanish-Moorish archi tecture. The court will be dedicated to music, dancing and acting; it is designed for pageantry, and will con stitute the proper setting for Oriental and modern drama upon a colossal scale. Here will assemble many of the fascinating pageants that will come from the concession center to draw visitors to the amusement features or Midway of the Exposition. PALACE OF FINE ARTS: The Palace of Fine Arts, designed by B. R. Maybeck, will be one of the most notable exposition buildings ever constructed. Its length from north to south de scribes an arc eleven hundred feet long. In this classi cal structure will be assembled the notable paintings of the world. The Fine Arts Palace will face upon a great lagoon from whose surface its quiet and beauti ful architecture will be reflected. It will be a fireproof structure. FESTIVAL HALL: Festival Hall, designed by Robert Farquhar of Los Angeles, will be adapted to many of the great con ventions and congresses to be held. The hall will con tain seats for about three thousand people, a huge pipe organ and facilities for orchestral performances, as well as some ten halls of varying sizes for great meet ings and assemblages. COURT OF THE FOUR SEASONS: One of the most beautiful of the great inner courts at San Francisco in 1915 will be the Court of the Four Seasons, or great west court. Hadrian's Villa, one of the historic Roman Palaces, is undoubtedly the inspira tion for this court, which is designed by Mr. Henry Bacon of New York. PALACE OF HORTICULTURE: The Palace of Horticulture will be constructed al most entirely of glass and will cover over five acres. It will be surmounted by a dome 150 feet in height; it will be 672 feet long and its greatest width will be 320 feet, an imposing nave 80 feet in height will run the length of the building, and paralleling the cen tral nave there will be (one on either side) two side aisles, each fifty feet in height. It is designed by Messrs. Bakewell and Brown of San Francisco. TOWER OF JEWELS: From an architectural viewpoint the dominating fea ture of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition will be the great Tower of Jewels rising at the south ern entrance of the Court of the Sun and Stars. This tower, designed by Messrs. Carrere and Hastings of New York, will be 426 feet in height. THE COURT OF THE SUN AND STARS: The Court of the Sun and Stars will be the most magnificent feature of the Exposition and will be seven hundred by nine hundred feet in its dimensions. In its center the court will contain a sunken garden, and in its northern axis, between the Agricultural and Transportation Buildings, will be a great pool of water embellished with statuary and fountains and bordered by tropical growth. Messrs. McKim, Mead and White of New York are the designers. EXPOSITION AUDITORIUM: The Exposition Auditorium will be of stone and will grace the Civic Center of San Francisco. It will be a lasting monument of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, the Exposition management having set aside $1,000,000 for its erection and the City and County of San Francisco having paid $701,437.08 for the site of the old Mechanics Pavilion. This structure will be four stories and the main auditorium will ac commodate 12,000. Messrs. John Galen Howard, Fred erick H. Meyer and John Reid, Jr., are the architects. CALIFORNIA BUILDING: The California Building will be in the Old Mission style and was designed by George W. Kelham. It will cover approximately 365x525 feet, will be two stories in height and its construction and furnishings will rep resent an outlay of $500,000. The building will be pro vided with a grand ball room 54x126 feet. One hun dred and thirty thousand feet of display space is pro vided for California county exhibits. This has all been reserved. HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS: San Francisco is second only to New York in the number and quality of her hotel accommodations. At present there are over 2,000 hotels and apartment houses in San Francisco. This number is supplement ed by the many up-to-date hostelries of the trans-bay cities of Oakland, Berkeley and Alameda. Very rea sonable rates are in force and the hotel association has assured the Exposition Officials that these rates will prevail during the Exposition period. Rooms oc cupied by one person may be obtained in San Fran cisco by the day from $1.00 up. Rooms with baths, $1.50 up. San Francisco is noted for the number and variety of her restaurants, where substantial meals can be obtained from 25c to $1.00. It is generally con ceded) that, quality for quality, the San Francisco res taurant prices are from 20 per cent to 40 per cent be low those of New York City., The visitor to the Pan ama-Pacific Universal Exposition can be assured of the fact that he will not be over-charged by the hotels and, restaurants. He can live on the fat of the land and that at a price well within his means. A great Exposition hotel to be erected in the grounds will make a specialty of catering to visitors to the Ex position. The Inside Tnn will be commodious, with a standard of quality equal to first-class city hotels. It will be located in a beautiful and central spot adjacent to the Exposition Palaces and San Francisco Bay. The solid comfort of the guests will be provided for and their needs anticipated in the establishment of a laun dry, drug store, haberdashery, cafe, news stand, cigar stand, candy and flower booths, public stenographers, telegraph and cable offices and other modern conveni ences. The rates will range from $1.00 to $10.00 per day for each person (European Flan), according to size and location of rooms. Parties, either of women or of men, may be accommodated at very reasonable rates in rooms containing several beds. Breakfast will be served for 50c, luncheon 50c and dinner $1.00. Meals will also be served a la carte. In addition, there will be a ladies' grill, a gentlemen's cafe, a lunch room and private dining rooms. The Inside Inn, being within the Exposition grounds, will be subject to the rules and regulations of the Ex position, and no abuses, over-charges, nor anything of fensive to the moral sense or dictates will be permitted. So that, with over 2,000 hotels and apartment houses already built and dozens more going up, the accommo dations in the trans-bay cities, and the spacious Inside Inn, there will be ample room for the millions of vis itors expected in 1915. Women traveling alone to the Panama-Pacific Uni versal Exposition can be assured of protection and guidance and help the moment they set their foot in San Francisco, as the Women's Board of the Panama- Pacific Universal Exposition has arranged a department especially to take care of this matter. SEEING SAN FRANCISCO: San Francisco in itself is a wonderful exposition as to what man can accomplish in the building of a city. The entire business section and a great part of the residence section has been beautifully and strong ly re-built at a total cost of just about what it has taken to dig the Panama Canal $375,000,000. The visitor to the Exposition can well afford to spend an other week, taking in the beauties and wonderful sights of San Francisco its Golden Gate Park, Golden Gate, Seal Rocks, splendid harbor, markets, military reserva tions, Old Mission, Chinatown, Italian section, shipping, wharves, etc. WONDERFUL SIDE TRIPS: With San Francisco as a center, the visitor has the opportunity of making some easy side trips to the wonders of California, such as the Stanford University at Palo Alto, the California University at Berkeley, the Mare Island Navy Yard, Mt. Tamalpais with its "crookedest railway in the world"; the Muir Red woods, Piedmont Springs, Lake Merritt, and the Ocean Boulevard automobile drive, and the great interior valleys of California with their golden harvest of fruit, and a little further afield, the unique, awe-inspiring Yosemite Valley and Grand Canyon of Arizona. $3 CLIMATE: San Francisco offers a cool coast summer climate with no rain; a winter climate without snow, ice or blizzard. The annual mean temperature of San Francisco is 56 degrees Fahrenheit. September is the warmest, and January the coldest month. The mean temperature of September is 59.1 degrees, and of January 49.2. In the last 20 years there have been only 27 days during which the temperature exceeded 90 degrees, and in the same period it has not fallen below 32 degrees, the freezing point. The differences between day and night temperatures are small. The warmest hour, 2 p. m., has a mean temperature of 59.2, and the coolest hour, 6 a. m., has a mean temperature of 50.9 degrees. The following shows the average number of rainy days during the months of the Exposition period, the data being taken from official records covering 62 years: March, 11 rainy days; April, 6; May, 4; June, 1; July, 0; August, 0; September, 2; October, 4; No vember, 7. Overcoats and wraps are always handy as a protec tion from the cool night breezes from the Pacific. From April to November umbrellas may safely be left at home. Confcen&b Concerning the Panama- Pacific Universal Exposition San Francisco 1915 ISSUED SEPTEMBER : 1913 University of California Berkeley V Issued by Division of Exploitation \_Panama-Pactfic International Exposition J FACTS ABOUT THE 1915 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION HISTORICAL: The Panama-Pacific International Exposition, which is the nation's celebration of the completion of the Panama Canal, will he a $50,000,000 proposition. In this respect, as well as in the matter of exhibits and artistic conception, it will he vastly greater than any world's exposition that has ever been held in any part of the world. The Exposition gates will be opened February 20th, and will close December the 4th, 1915, giving an Ex position period of 288 days. The foundation for the great exposition was laid in the raising of an original fund of $17,500,000, which amount was pledged to it by the people of San Fran cisco and California before Congress was asked to give it official governmental recognition. Of this $17,500,000, a sum of more than $4,000,000 was raised within two hours by popular subscription at a great mass meeting held in the Merchants' Exchange Building during April, 1910. This popular subscription was later increased by other pledges to the amount of $7,500,000. In addition to the popular subscription fund, the State of California has taxed itself in the sum of $5,- 000,000 to aid the exposition and the city of San Fran cisco has authorized $5,000,000 worth of bonds for the same purpose. Approximately $3,000,000 more is made possibly available through an action by the legislature permit ting the counties of the State to levy a tax not to exceed 6 cents on each $100 assessed valuation to de fray the cost of county displays at the Exposition. Of the 58 counties in the State of California, 44 have already levied a tax for participation. On January 31st, 1911, the National House of Repre sentatives took final action upon the matter of extend ing federal recognition and brought to an end a friend ly fight between San Francisco and New Orleans, which had been contending for months for the honor of hold ing the exposition. San Francisco won its case before the House of Rep resentatives by a vote of 188 to 159. On February 8, 1911, the Senate Committee of Con gress reported unanimously in favor of San Francisco and the bill was passed a few days later. It was signed by President Taft on February 15th, 1911. Ground was broken for the Exposition on October 14th, 1911, President Taft turning the first spadeful of earth which marked the actual era of exposition con struction. On February 2nd, 1912, President Taft, assured that the necessary funds were available and that a proper site had been selected for the holding of the Exposi tion, issued a proclamation inviting the nations of the world to participate. OFFICIALS OF EXPOSITION: President Charles C. Moore Vice Presidents Wm. H. Crocker, R. B. Hale, M. H. de Young, I. W. Hellman, Jr., Leon Sloss and James Rolph, Jr. Secretary R. J. Taussig Treasurer A. W. Foster Director-in-Chief Dr. Federick J. V. Skiff Comptroller Rodney S. Durkee Traffic Manager A. M. Mortensen Executive Secretary Joseph M. Cumming Directors of Divisions. Works Harris D. H. Connick Exhibits Asher Carter Baker Concessions Frank Burt Exploitation George Hough Perry FOREIGN PARTICIPATIONS: BOLIVIA Dedicated a site June 12th, 1913. Horace G. Knowles, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to Bolivia. CHINA Dedicated a site October 24th, 1912. Doc tor Chin-tao Chen, Commissioner. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Dedicated a site May 26th, 1913. Doctor Francisco J. Peynado, Envoy Ex traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Do minican Republic to the United States. FRANCE Dedicated a site September 5th, 1913. Al bert Tirman, Roger Sandoz, Gaston de Pellerin de Latouche, Alfred Savy, Raphael Monnet, Commis sioners. GUATEMALA Dedicated a site July 14th, 1913. Min ister Joaquin Mendez, Commissioner. HONDURAS Dedicated a site July 14th, 1913. Minis ter Joaquin Mendez, Commissioner. HOLLAND Dedicated a site December llth, 1912. Jonkheer Loudon, Envoy Extraordinary and Min ister Plenipotentiary for the Netherlands. JAPAN Dedicated a site September 18th, 1912. Har- uki Yamawaki, Goichi Takeda, Yoshikatsu Kata- yama, Commissioners. PERU Dedicated a site July llth, 1913. Frederico Alphonso Pezet, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Peru to the United States. PORTUGAL Dedicated a site November 26th, 1912. Honorable J. Batalha de Freitas, Portuguese Min ister to China and Japan, Commissioner. SWEDEN Dedicated a site November 12th, 1912. Mr. John Hammar, Commissioner. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC Dedicated a site June 23rd, 1913. Romulo S. Naon, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Argentine Republic to the United States, Commissioner. DENMARK Dedicated a site March 15th, 1913. Min ister C. Brun, Commissioner. BRAZIL Dedicated a site July 1st, 1913. Doctor Lauro Muller, Commissioner. STATE PARTICIPATION: Up to September 20th the following states had ac cepted the invitation to participate, dedicated their sites and made appropriations: Date of Amount State Dedication. Appropriated. 1. Arizona July 5,1912 2. Colorado 3. Hawaii May 8, 1912 $100,000 4. Idaho March 22, 1912 100,000 5. Illinois June 24, 1912 300,000 6. Indiana Oct. 22, 1912 90,000 7. Iowa 8. Kansas 40,000 9. Kentucky June 20, 1912 10. Louisiana 11. Maryland 12. Massachusetts Feb. 4, 1913 250.000 13. Minnesota Dec. 11, 1912 14. Missouri April 5, 1912 100,000 15. Montana March 22, 1912 16. Nebraska May 8, 1912 17. Nevada March 14, 1912 100,000 18. New Jersey June 17, 1912 200,000 19. New Mexico 20. New York Nov. 29, 1912 700,000 21. North Dakota Sept. 16, 1913 35,000 22. Ohio Oct. 10, 1912 23. Oklahoma Sept. 16, 1913 24. Oregon March 14, 1912 175,000 25. Pennsylvania July 5, 1912 300,000 26. The Philippines March 30, 1912 250,000 27. South Carolina 28. South Dakota March 30, 1912 29. Texas 30. Utah March 22, 1912 50,000 31. Washington March 22, 1912 175,000 32. West Virginia Nov. 29, 1912 75,000 33. Wyoming 34. Porto Rico May 22, 1913 35. Wisconsin 75,000 CLASSIFICATION OF EXHIBITS: The Division of Exhibits under the charge of the Director of Exhibits is composed of eleven Depart ments, each of which is in charge of a Chief of Depart ment. These Departments are as follows: (a) Fine Arts, (b) Education, (c) Social Economy, (d) Liberal Arts, (e) Manufactures and Varied Indus tries, (f) Machinery, (g) Transportation, (h) Agricul ture, (i) Live Stock, (k) Horticulture, (1) Mines and Metallurgy. Each of these Departments is now organized and is pursuing an active campaign in getting together an interesting diversity of exhibits, which will be of highly educational value. Such progress has been made that there are already on file a great variety of appli cations for exhibit space. PURPOSES OF 1915 EXPOSITION: It is the purpose of this Exposition to bring together the achievements and activities of the world during the past decade for inspection and study by world experts, and for the instruction and information of all classes. The classification is comprehensive and representa tive a contemporary record for the congress of the hu man race and has been reviewed by international authorities. INFORMATION FOR EXHIBITORS: Qualified exhibitors will be those corporations, firms or individuals who have produced the article, object, or material exhibited, but those who have importantly aided or co-operated in such production may be given proportionate consideration. To encourage the exhibiting of machinery in motion, an especially low rate for motor current is made for exhibitors. This is a contemporaneous Exposition. Commercial articles manufactured prior to 1905 will not be re viewed for award. Historical material will be given no award value. The country where an exhibit is produced and not the citizenship of the exhibitor, will determine the na tionality of the exhibit. No charge will be made for space allotted for exhib itors. No charge will be made for space allotted for build ings of foreign governments, of the State, Territorial or District Governments of the United States. The main exhibition palaces will be opened to vis itors at nine (9) o'clock a. m. each day and will be closed at the hour of sunset, except the Art Palace, which, at stated times, may be open after sunset. EXHIBITS OF MACHINERY: In Machinery Hall will be collected an exhibit of machinery and electrical apparatus designed to be of special educational value to the public, as well as tech nical men. The close relationship of electrical and me chanical apparatus has caused these products to be placed in one building rather than to have a separate building. Improvements in the last few years on the many types of machinery will insure some new and interest ing exhibits not before placed in any Exposition; among them the engine which is operated by crude oil without the need of a boiler. Adjacent to Machinery Hall will be a special build ing known as the Gas and Fuels Building, in which will be exhibited a boiler plant, gas producers, proc esses of welding and other features requiring heat or fire, and which will make exhibits of unusual interest. In Machinery Hall there will be installed 4 over head traveling cranes, 2 of 30 tons capacity in the cen tral bay of the building and one of 20 tons capacity, in each of the two adjacent bays. These cranes span a distance of nearly 70 feet and run on tracks through out the length of the building. As a means of extending the range of educational value of machinery exhibits, many machines will be in operation. Mechanical and electrical equipments will be connected up so as to show their uses, and the in terior construction of many machines will be shown by being taken apart or sections cut therein. Also an in teresting feature will be the illustration of many proc esses of manufacture by showing material in different stages, between raw material and the finished product. TRANSPORTATION EXHIBITS: At other international expositions that celebrated a historical event the historical side of Transportation was featured both in the development of motive power, as well as in the development of permanent way. As this Exposition is entirely contemporaneous, and his torical matter has no award value, such exhibits will be absent; but on account of the great development of the motor boat industry and aerial navigation these two groups will be thoroughly represented, both in the building and in outdoor exhibits. The Aviation Field will offer opportunity of showing the rapid develop ment in the art and science of the invasion of the air, for exhibition purposes and for the general instruc tion of the public. The public will become acquainted with the motor manufacture and the operation of the various aero nautic devices that are being produced in this coun try and abroad. In this building will be shown the exhibits of all the great steamship companies; the water transporta tion of all countries; their navigation and commerce; characteristic boats of all nations; sail and steam yachts, to be generally shown by models. The electric companies are showing the latest appli cation of electricity to the agency of transportation. A locomotive exhibit will illustrate the latest types; car exhibits will show the modern development of street car equipment; and there will be a complete showing of railway supplies, including all the new inventions and appliances used for the protection of life and property in this connection. DELIVERY AND INSTALLATION: The delivery and installation of exhibits have been made a special study by the Exposition Management. Exhibits of every character from every part of the world may be landed directly at the special docks on the Exposition grounds. The same facilities will be offered in the case of railway shipments, which will enable cars to be lightered direct from the various tidewater terminals of the railroads to the Exposition. Furthermore, there will be railroad tracks about the grounds and into the buildings, and ample openings will be provided in the buildings to admit large ex hibits. Exhibits may be consigned directly to the space to be occupied through a Terminal Company which is incorporated within the Exposition Company for re ceiving and transferring exhibits. This will relieve the exhibitor of any necessity of handling his exhibit fur ther than to consign it to the President of the Exposi tion. Exhibits will be handled at published tariff rates, and there will be no annoyance from many small charges incident to transferring material from the trunk lines to the exhibit building which it is to occupy. These matters are under charge of the Traf fic Department. TEAFFIC DEPARTMENT: The Traffic Department is preparing data for a book entitled, "Traffic Rules and Regulations." This book, when completed, will show available routes and the basis of rates to San Francisco on exhibits from all parts of the world. It will give full instructions con cerning customs regulations of the United States Gov ernment on exhibits, and will also enumerate the va rious transportation lines, both rail and water, through out the country who have announced special rates on exhibits. It will also contain full instructions regard ing the delivery of exhibits to allotted space; the storage of packing cases, etc. Full instructions will also be given pertaining to the return of exhibits at the close of the Exposition to their point of origin. MILITARY PARTICIPATION: This Department is under the active management of Major Sydney A. Cloman, United States Army, who has been detailed for this purpose by the War Department. The setting of the Exposition grounds, fronting on beautiful San Francisco Bay and directly adjoining Fort Mason on one side and the Presidio on the other is ideally located for both military and naval displays and the serious study of all matters pertaining to any branch of those services. Directly east of the grounds are the newly completed Transport Docks, from which sails the Government fleet that keeps us in touch with our Island possessions in the Pacific. Across the Golden Gate on the Marin Hills frown the highest seacoast batteries in the United States. On the west is the Presidio, the ancient Spanish strong hold, which is now probably the most important army post in the United States, containing a large garrison of cavalry, artillery, infantry, and the technical and staff corps. Here military work is practically contin uous, varying from teaching the awkward "rooky" how to walk, to night practice with the great concealed sea-coast batteries at a five-mile range. Visitors may also get permission to visit many other forts around the Bay that taken together make this one of the most strongly fortified harbors in the world. In the Exposition proper it is the intention of the Administration to make the military features unique and much more important than ever seen before in an Exposition. An International Military Tournament will be held and it is assured that organizations will compete from many foreign armies, the organized militia of our va rious states, military schools and cadet corps. Com petitions will also be arranged between the uniform ranks of the various fraternal societies. NAVAL PARTICIPATION: Secretary of the Navy, Josephus Daniels, has ex pressed his approval of sending the Atlantic Fleet through the Panama Canal and thence to the Exposi tion in 1915. Commander David Foote Sellers, U. S. N., has been detailed by the Navy Department to act as Naval Aide to the President of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. The Naval participation at this Exposition promises to surpass all previous events of its kind, as there is every assurance that the nations of the world will send their battleships to the Exposition shortly after the Exposition opens its gates. DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS: Liberal Arts rank high in the Classification of ex hibits because they embrace the Applied Sciences which indicate the result of man's education and culture, il lustrate his tastes, and demonstrate his inventive gen ius, scientific attainment and artistic expression. The Department of Liberal Arts will occupy one en tire building styled the Palace of Liberal Arts, cen trally located and forming one of the leading elements in the main Exposition picture. This splendid build ing is directly opposite the main entrance to the Ex position Grounds. This Palace is approximately 585 feet long, 470 feet wide and 65 feet high, covering nearly six acres in area. LIVE STOCK: In keeping with the general plan of the Exposition the Department of Live Stock will be presented in a better phase than has heretofore characterized such exhibitions. Competitions for the $175,000 in prize money appropriated by the Exposition, and for the sup plemental premiums offered by the breeders' associa tions will take place in the months of October and No vember. In addition to this there will be a continuous Live Stock display from February 20th to December 4th. In housing, arrangements of the classification and arrangements of the exhibits, the Department of Live Stock at San Francisco will demonstrate the advance ment that has been made since former World's Exposi tions. Special events include Universal Polo, an Interna tional Cavalry Contest, two harness horse Racing Meets, and the carrying on of a series of demonstra tions which will teach everything that is new in this important industry. EDUCATION: The educational exhibits will show development since 1905 and by specializing on promising movements and reforms will seek to forecast the education of tomor row. There will be a comparative exhibit of the educa tional systems of all nations participating and a com prehensive demonstration of educational work in the United States in all its phases from kindergarten to university. A special effort will be made to show the relation that education has borne to the general industrial advance of the past ten years. CONVENTIONS AND CONGRESSES: The Exposition has organized a "Bureau of Con ventions and Societies" to have charge of all arrange ments for Conventions and Congresses to meet in San Francisco in 1915. This work will be under the follow ing general heads: 1. National and international gatherings held under the auspices of particular societies; 2. Learned societies; 3. Conventions; 4. Information as to hotels, transportation routes and rates, as well as places of interest throughout the Pacific Coast. The Bureau will furnish full and accurate informa tion regarding hotel rates and facilities, halls, trans portation routes and rates, and such other information as may be desired by organizations planning to meet in San Francisco in 1915. DESCRIPTION OF SITE: The site chosen for the Exposition proper comprises a tract of approximately 635 acres, including a portion of the Harbor View district and government property within the Presidio and Fort Mason. It has a frontage of nearly three miles on the Bay of San Francisco just within the Golden Gate and is in a natural basin sur rounded by hills. The Grounds of the 1915 Exposition adjoin a great military reservation with its forts and parade grounds, and close by is the magnificent Golden Gate Park along whose front the ocean breaks. Ten acres will be devoted to the government ex hibit, 40 acres to State Buildings and 37 to foreign buildings. Sixty-five acres have been set aside for the Amuse ment concessions and an equal space for the Live Stock Exhibits. PALACE OF MACHINERY: The Palace of Machinery will be the largest building erected on the Exposition site. It will be 968 by 368 feet. One mile and a half of cornices will be used in ornamenting the building. It will contain 1500 tons of steel (bolts and washers), and in construction four carloads of nails will be used. Eight million feet of lumber will also be necessary for this structure. The arched trusses of this building will be 75 feet wide and they will be placed three in a row. These trusses weigh in the neighborhood of four tons each. Messrs. Ward and Blohme are the architects. THE COURT OF THE ABUNDANCE: The architecture of the Court of the Abundance, de signed by Louis C. Mulgardt, will be striking, partak ing of the Oriental phase of the Spanish-Moorish archi tecture. The court will be dedicated to music, dancing and acting; it is designed for pageantry, surpassing the luxurious Durbar, and will constitute the proper setting for Oriental and modern drama upon a colossal scale. Here will assemble many of the fascinating pageants that will come from the concession center to draw vis itors to the amusement features or Midway of the Ex position. PALACE OF FINE ARTS: The Palace of Fine Arts, designed by B. R. Maybeck, will be one of the most notable exposition buildings ever constructed. Its length from north to south will be six hundred feet. In this classical structure will be assembled the notable paintings of the world. The Fine Arts Palace will face upon a great lagoon from whose surface its quiet and beautiful architecture will be reflected. It will be a fireproof structure. FESTIVAL HALL: Festival Hall, designed by Robert Farquhar of Los Angeles, will be adapted to many of the great con ventions and congresses to be held. The hall will con tain seats for about three thousand people, a huge pipe organ and facilities for orchestral performances, as well as some ten halls of varying sizes for great meet ings and assemblages. COURT OF THE FOUR SEASONS: One of the most beautiful of the great inner courts at San Francisco in 1915 will be the Court of the Four Seasons, or great west court, which will divide the main group of exposition palaces. Hadrian's Villa, one of the historic Roman Palaces, is undoubtedly the inspira tion for this court, which is designed by Mr. Henry Bacon of New York. PALACE OF HORTICULTURE: The Palace of Horticulture will be constructed al most entirely of glass and covering over five acres. It will be surmounted by a dome 150 feet in height; it will be 672 feet long and its greatest width will be 320 feet, an imposing nave 80 feet in height will run the length of the building, and paralleling the cen tral nave there will be (one on either side) two side aisles, each fifty feet in height. It is designed by Messrs. Bakewell and Brown of San Francisco. TOWER OF JEWELS: From an architectural viewpoint the dominating fea ture of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition will be the great Tower of Jewels rising at the south ern entrance of the Court of the Sun and Stars. This tower, designed by Messrs. Carrere and Hastings of New York, will be 426 feet in height. THE COURT OF THE SUN AND STABS: The Court of the Sun and Stars will be the most magnificent feature of the Exposition and will be seven hundred by nine hundred feet in its dimensions. In its center the court will contain a sunken garden, and in its northern axis, between the Agricultural and Transportation Buildings, will be a great pool of water embellished with statuary and fountains and bordered by tropical growth. Messrs. McKim, Mead and White of New York are the designers. MOTOR TRANSPORTATION PALACE: The Motor Transportation Palace will be erected by the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers who will expend $90,000 on its interior decoration. The building will cost nearly five hundred! thousand dollars. G. Albert Lansburgh of San Francisco designed the structure. EXPOSITION AUDITORIUM: The Exposition Auditorium will be of stone and will grace the Civic Center of San Francisco. It will be a lasting monument of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, the Exposition management having set aside $1,000,000 for its erection and the City and County of San Francisco having paid $701,437.08 for the site of the old Mechanics Pavilion. This structure will be four stories and 1 the main auditorium will ac commodate 12,000. Messrs. John Galen Howard, Fred erick H. Meyer and John Reid, Jr., are the architects. CALIFORNIA BUILDING: The California Building will be in the Old Mission style and was designed by George W. Kelham. It will cover approximately 365x525 feet, will be two stories in height and its construction and furnishings will rep resent an outlay of $500,000. The building will be pro vided with a grand ball room 54x126 feet. One hun dred thousand feet of display space is provided for California County exhibits. This space is being sold by the Exposition at $2.50 per foot and thus far 130,000 square feet have been reserved.