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THE LIBRARY
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THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
AND NEW WINCHELSEA.
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Xlll ULNlUkY IN ri-IE COUR'l n/vi-:
THE
STORY OF KING EDWARD
AND
NEW WINCHELSEA
^tjc 45tiification of n ^X^cbiarUai (f alun.
BY
F. A. INDERWICK, O.C.
AUTHOR OF "sidelights ON THE STUARTS," "THE INTERREGNUM," ETC.
LONDON:
SAMPSON, LOW, MARSTON AND COMPANY,
St. Dunstan's li:)ousr,
Fetter Lane, Fleet Sireet.
1892.
C411S\VICU IRESS: — C. WHITTrNCHAM AND CO., TOOKS C&UKT,
CHANCERY LANE.
DA
60 (^5'H^-s
TO
THE RIGHT HON. LORD TENNYSON,
Poet Laureate,
WHILE READING WHOSE VERSE WE LIVE AGAIN IN THE TIME
-| OF ARTHUR AND IN THE HALLS OF CAMELOT,
I DEDICATE THIS RECITAL OF THE
EVANESCENT GLORY OF A
iMEDLEVAL TOWN.
JVi/ic/ielsca, 1S92.
G323G9
CONTENTS.
Introductory.
Speculations as to the condition of a medireval fortress — The
Romney level— Old battlefields and modern cultivation —
The story of King Edward and New Winchelsea . Page i
I.
Original condition of the Sussex shore — The forest of Anderida
— The Count of the Saxon Shore — Edward the Confessor
and the Cinque Ports — William the Conqueror — The Bailifis
— The royal manor of Igham — Old Winchelsea — Its de-
struction — The Bluff of Igham — Its advantages — Removal
across Rye Bay 1 1
II.
Position of new Winchelsea — The Haven from the harbour-
master's tower — Winchelsea described by Thomas of Wal-
singham — Its arrangement — Similar to Pompeii — Sir John
de Kirkeby, Bishop of Ely — Planning and surveying —
Delivery of possession to the mayor and commonalty —
King Edward's personal care for Winchelsea — The Old
Court Hall — The fishing fleet — Herrings and other fish —
Import of wines — The crypts — Iron, stone, wood, and
other materials for building — Glass factory — Shipwrights —
X CONTEXTS.
Return of tenants in 1292 — Cogger — (}oda — The charters
— Markets — St. Thomas of Canterbury — Corporate seal —
The dove — The Holy Rood — The gallows — The pound —
The pillory and cucking stool — Open spaces ... 24
III.
The English language in the Middle Ages— In a state of tran-
sition — Description of the inhabitants of new Winchelsea —
Immigrants — Character of their tenements — Tiles from
Battle Abbey— Glass— The Church of St. Giles— Of St.
Thomas of Canterbury — Was it ever completed ? — Want of
time and of money — Beauty of its windows and tombs —
Chapel of St. Leonard — For the mariners and fishermen —
Legend of St. Leonard — King Edward III. and his bad
passages across the Channel — The Chapel last heard of in
the time of Henry VIL — Picture of St. Leonard recently
discovered — Winchelsea ships — The Campanile — Loss of
the bells — Hospital of St. John — House of St. Bartholomew
— Of the Holy Cross — The Black Friars — Their refectory —
Names of the friars — The resident clergy — The town parsons
- — Other clergymen — The palmers — Servants and attendants
of the monasteries, their names and occupations — The
Military element — Ditch, ramparts, and walls — Three gates
— Precipitous cliffs — A small castle — " The fortress of
Jealousy" — Naval and military commanders — Iron and
steel workers — Wall-builders — Accoutrement makers —
William the Arblastier — Norman soldiers — Double aspect
of the town — The Civil element — Tradesmen — Goldsmiths
and embroiderers — Chapmen — Taverns and inns — The
CONTEXTS. XI
"Salutation"— The "Three Kings"— Bear Square— The
botcher — Bird catchers — Comb makers — Artificers beyond
the walls — Use of bulrushes and reeds — Windmills —
Salt pits — Tanning — Tanyard still existing — Duty collected
on import of woods for tanning — Country beyond the walls
pastured with sheep — Names of doubtful meaning — Standa-
nore — The officials and gentry — The bailiff — The mayor —
The receiver of the port — The forester — The serjeant-at-
mace — The crossbowman — The trumpeter — Richard Scott
— Robert Codelaw — De Rackele — Philip Matibernus the
Judge — The appraisor — The echevin — His notarial clerk —
The fort^une teller — The brander — The defender of prisoners
— Sir Roger deLewknore — Passelewe — De Bosco — Kennels
for hounds — Moneyers — A mint formerly at old Winchelsea
— Dovecotes — Society and amusements — Women in the
Middle Ages — Influence of the crusades — Position of
women under the Edwards — Women of tlie higher class— Of
the lower classes — Names of women at Winchelsea — Anglo-
Norman — Petronilla — Legends — Probable population of
W^inchelsea 48
IV.
Splendour of the thirteenth century — Appearance of the town
— The Winchelsea squadron — Confirmation of the Great
Charter on the King's Green at Winchelsea in 1297 — The
king and the barons — Kirkeby dead — The king's frecpient
visits to Winchelsea — His miraculous escape as narrated by
Thomas of Walsingham— Saved by his long legs— His tomb
in Westminster Abbey — Opened in 1774 99
XU CONTENTS.
V.
Edward II. — Edward III. — Constantly at Winchelsea — Sailing
in Winchelsea ships — The battle of Crecy in 1346 — The
rooks — The herons — Great sea fight in August T35oin Rye
Bay — The Queen at Winchelsea for the battle — Similar
sea-fight between Blake and De V/itt in 1652 — -The Dutch
in Rye Bay — Blake in the "Resolution" — Blake and Van
Tromp in the Channel in 1653 — Sufferings of Winchelsea
from French invasions — Three times pillaged and burnt
and citizens massacred — The Black Death in 1350 — The
depopulation of the counties led to the abolition of feudal
tenures — Inning of the marshes — Silting up of the haven —
The tombs of the Alards — Robert of Winchelsea, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury 109
VI.
Attempts to restore the harbour — Winchelsea defended by the
Abbot of Battle in 1377 — Saved by a tempest in 13S6 —
Henry V. sails for Azincourt in a ship of Winchelsea in
141 5 — Again burnt and pillaged in 141 8 — A general rendez-
vous of ships ordered at Winchelsea, by Henry VI. — Camber
Castle commenced under Henry VII. — Winchelsea a centre
of business — Commissions of assize — Jurisdiction in Ad-
miralty and Chancery — Visit from Queen Elizabeth —
Further attempts to restore the harbour — Abandoned in
1692 — Visit from Evelyn in 1652 — James II. and John
Caryll — Parliamentary history — Claim of the Lord Warden
to nominate one member — Disallowed by statute in 1689 —
Mayors imprisoned for fraudulent returns — Arnold Nesbitt
CONTENTS. XIU
— Antient charters and custumal pawned by the town clerk
— Portion of Great Seal stolen at an election — Litigation
between the Treasury and their nominee — The borough
sold for _;:/^i 5,000 — Distinguished members returned to Par-
liament 122
VII.
Restoration of the Court Hall — Various bailiffs — The Alards —
The Finches — The Guldefords — Their care for the town
— Camber Castle — Portrait by Holbein — John Caryll —
Secretary to Mary of Modena — Friend of Pope, who wrote
the "Rape of the Lock" at his house — Sir William Ash-
burnham, Bishop of Chichester — Old Hall presented to the
Corporation by Dr. Freshfield — Its corporate rights reserved
by Parliament 137
VIII.
Tradition and survivals of medieval Winchelsea — Its claim to
the recognition of Englishmen 147
Appendix.
A Return of the tenants at Winchelsea, with the extent of
iheir holdings, and the amount of their rents, a.d. 1292,
from the original in the Record Office 153
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
S. Leonard of Winxhelsea
The Old Court Hall 34
St. Katherine's Well 96
Old Prison Door 133
Old Fire Place 138
Sir Kenry Guldeford, t.y Hans Holbein .... 143
THE STORY OF KING EDWARD AND
NEW WINCHELSEA.
THE EDIFICATION OF A MEDLEVAL TOWN.
There are certain days in every year, when
spring is fast ripening into summer, that an
almost divine calm comes over the world, and
nature seems to be developing into life and health
after a long winter of frost and snow, and a dreary
interval of wind and rain. On such a day, from
a grassy slope on the pendent of Fairlight Hill, I
looked towards the wooded plateau where for-
merly stood the antient town of Winchelsea. The
air was so still that it hardly carried the perfume
of the full blooming gorse, or of the may just
reddeninfr into flower. The sun was warm and
B
2 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
bright, the sky was clear, and the face of the low-
lying country blushed with those varied tints
which are nowhere to be seen in such profusion
as in this poetic district. Not a ship was on the
water, no engine was driving at its work, not a
man was in the fields, nor a woman in the
orchards, nor even a boy with a clapper to scare
away the crows. Silence was only broken by the
bees humming on the heather, and the distant
throstle singing in the bush. But there was in
the atmosphere a sentiment of growing and of
expanding, as if nature rising from her long en-
forced slumber was stretching her arms with an
awakening feeling, and bursting the fetters that
had bound her energies. Earthly labour was at
rest ; but under the genial influence of the time
one could almost hear the cracking of the pods
and almost see the swelling of the vine. The
long stretch of pasture which lay beyond the
Rother, studded with little churches dropped care-
lessly here and there, had no living attendants but
a few lazy sheep. The unbroken line of shingle
which strolled out to the Ness and wandered back
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 3
to the Kentish diffs was dotted with the white
homes of the coastguard, as lifeless and as still as
the seagull and the plover that dozed on the
sands. The square tower of Lydd stood in
distant grandeur in the solitary plain, looking as if
some pupil of Giotto had been cast upon the
shore and had reverently raised a column in re-
membrance of his Tuscan master. The old
battlefields of sea and land slumbered as peace-
fully as if they had never heard the tramp of
horse or felt the shock of invading foes. A
passing zephyr which trailed its shadow over the
growing corn, and a momentary sparkle from a
cottage window in the Marsh gave the only move-
ment to the scene, while a soft pillow of bracken
and of moss unconsciously invited dreams of the
future and visions of the past. In this happy
hour of lazy contemplation I pictured to myself
the actual condition of a Cinque Port town in the
Middle Ages. The familiar landscape, with its
gardens of hops in early growth, with its little
wooden bridires crossin^f the streams that water
the cultivation, its well-kept spinnies and its
4 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
woods carpeted with primrose and daffodil, with
bhie-bell and with fern, gave way to a dense un-
cultivated forest, and its straight well-metalled
roads to muddy and deviating tracks. The
gentle ascent that leads to the southern entrance
of the modern village presented the bold outlines
of a walled and fortified town wuth embattled
ramparts and portculHssed gates.
Within the walls of the antient town all was
life and animation. Busy people passed to and
fro clad in garments quaint of cut, bright of
colour, varied in texture, and spoke a language
hardly intelligible to the modern ear, in a chanting
and drawlinof tone more like the dwellers in the
Western States than the inhabitants of the British
Isles. Every trade was represented by its sign
affixed to the house or hano-incr from the door.
Masons were working on the great church, on the
public buildings, and on the city walls. Heavy
two-wheeled carts and laden horses toiling up the
rugged causeway were bringing stone, timber,
tiles and materials for the workers, and meat and
drink for all, from the uplands and the wharves.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 5
Here a company of chanting priests were in pro-
cession ; here again a morris dancer and a ballad
singer had attracted a crowd of young men and
women, and there old Moses the Jew, whose
tribulations are written in the Sussex records,
caught trying to bargain against the form of the
Statute, was being driven from the market and
haled off to the Provost for torture and fine. In
an open space, where the heather and the bracken
were still uncut, a great concourse of people,
soldiers and sailors, citizens, men-at-arms, and
merchants, were apparently holding an open
council. The monastery gardens were sweet
with eglantine and the English rose, while the
hillsides were yellow with golden furze. Women
in every variety of costume, but with a curious
similarity of head-dress, chattered in the highways
and wandered in and out of the shops, some of
which were in open houses on the streets, and
others below the level of the road in spacious and
vaulted crypts. Companies of archers manned
the battlements, and men in armour guarded the
gates. The sea beat against the cliffs, and in the
6 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
harbour lay a fleet of single-masted ships of war,
armed'Vith~wooden turrets fore and aft, their sails
embroidered with the arms of their commanders,
and their hulls decorated with metal and with
paint. As evening drew on and the bell tolled
the hour of rest, one by one the lights of the
houses went out, and night was only enlivened by
the beacon on the point, the lamp of the watchman
on the tower, and the o-limmerino- lanterns of the
restless few who flitted like fireflies through the
general gloom.
Knowing the outlines of an antient town, fancy
may fill in the details and draw a reasonably
accurate picture of the whole. But there are
times and places when imagination will be at fault,
and when its flights maybe recalled and tempered
by fact. When truth may be extracted from the
soil, fancy is not permitted to drive the plough.
The woven paces and the waving arms of the
great magician have changed the spot, and though
^7 not entirely lost to name and fame, Winchelsea
has dwindled from its hieh estate into the solitude
— O
of a country village. But it still lives in the stony
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 7
records of its aiitient power. The handiwork of
those mediaeval masons is not entirely obliterated.
The walls of the Jews' market with its gateway
still remain. The chancel of the old church, the
old home of the Alards, portions of the harbour-
master's tower, of the vaulted crypts, of the gates
and of the town walls have survived the general
decay. Silver pennies, groats, and Nuremburg
counters which the early settlers dropped in their
daily labours, are frequently turned up by the
spade of the husbandman. And Englishmen and
foreigners come in hundreds, pass under the gates,
look at the recumbent figures in the church, and
go away with no truer notion of the place, or of
the ephemeral but brilliant part that it once played
in the history of the country, than is to be got
from the waiter of the country inn.
Day by day the unrolling of a papyrus gives us
new lessons in the lives, the habits, and the
instincts of the Pharaohs. The discoveries of
monuments and of writings, and the recovery of
sculptured figures from the tombs of Troja and
the Piraeus, people and animate the plains of
8 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
antient Greece. And the opening up of the
almost inexhaustible storehouse of our own histo-
rical muniments affords glimpses into the history
of the England of our forefathers to an extent
which the records of no other country can equal.
The story of our national life at its various epochs
is one ever changing in its methods, but ever
consistent in its results. It is to be read in the
lives of our great men, in the tales of our historic
cities, in the rise of our religious movements, and
in the struofales of the founders of our faith.
Winchelsea is not typical of any great manhood,
of any powerful municipality, or of the birth of
any new religion. But it marks an epoch in our
history when for a time England alone withstood
the world in arms, when autocratic government
under the greatest of our kings received Jts most
effectuaj_ check, when the great cou ncil of the
nation was_fij-st estalWi^hed_as_--a_Ja£tgrin our
constitutional life, when freedom was assured by
the confirmation of the Great Charter, and when
the self-reliance, the energy and the generosity of
a king and his peo ple rescued _an_entire colony
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 9
i from the waves, and with all the skill and learning!
at their command, planned, built, and fortified a new|
harbour, a new fortress, and a new town for the if
i
Iglory of England and the defence of her shores.
[Winchelsea is not, as Andrew Lang suggests
Oxford, a palimpsest written and erased, re-written
and again erased, and again re-written till the
whole skin is blurred and hardly a line of the
original text is legible by the student. It was
written fairly on a new parchment which has, alas !
been sadly effaced by time and trouble, but over
whose mediceval text no later hand has traced a
line. The excavators of the buried cities of
Campania have called the shattered walls which
they have rescued from the lava by the speculative
names of Diomed, Sallust, Pansa, and the tragic
poet. With the recollection of the old records
in his mind, and gathering on the spot the still
continued names of quarters and streets, the
student or the lounger may find for himself in
Winchelsea the precise location of each particular
house, may follow the line of the battlements,
drink of the wells, explore the crypts, and picture
lO THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
to himself, if his fancy so leads, the teeming popu-
lation once enclosed within its walls.
How all this was done, what was the actual
construction and the composition of this mediaeval
town, who were its people and how they lived, I
have set down in this Tale of Kine Edward and
the Town of Winchelsea, collecting my materials
as the builders of the town collected theirs, not
without great care and some labour, and I com-
mend it to all who are interested in the details of
English life in the Middle Ages, as a statement
strictly accurate to the best of my knowledge,
given in all truth and sincerity without exaggera-
tion, embroidery, or romance.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. I I
I.
When a division of the invadino; Roman fleet landed
their Hving freight and beached their galleys on
the coast of Sussex, they found the entire country
from Portsmouth to the Rother covered with a
vast forest, called the great wood of Andred, or,
Anderida. It is described in the Anglo-Saxon
Chronicle as being in length, from east to west,
one hundred and twenty miles or more, and thirty
miles broad. It came down nearly to -the sea, and
as our ancestors were chiefly mariners and fisher-
men, they built for themselves houses and settle-
ments on the narrow strip of coast, habitually
deserting" their houses and takintr refusre with
their families and their movables in this dense
forest, inaccessible to strangers, when they were
attacked from the sea-front by forces that they
were unable successfully to resist.
On the borders of this huge forest, the Romans
built an important fortress, between Pevensey and
12 THE STORY OF KING ED^YARD
Eastbourne, called Andredeceaster, or the fortress
of Anderida, of which it is supposed that some
remains still exist in the neighbourhood of Peven-
sey Castle. The fortress was, however, attacked,
A.D. 490, shortly after the Roman Exodus, by
Qille, King of Northumbria, who carried it by
storm, and slew every Briton that dwelt therein.
The Romans also partially constructed a smaller
fort at the end of the forest, on the bank of either
the Rother or the Lympne, for both rivers after-
wards changed their course to such an extent that
it is almost impossible at present to trace their
beds. This was found, according to the Anglo-
Saxon Chronicle, in an incomplete condition in
the time of King Alfred, a.d. 893, when it was
stormed by the Danes, who towed their ships four
miles up the river, and put the valiant defenders
to the sword. ^
Mr. Holloway, in his " History of Romney
Marsh," gives a drawing of these ruins, which he
describes as marking the site of the ancient for-
^ The ruins of this fort may still traced at Ne wen den, on
land in the occupation of Air. Alderman Selmes.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 1 3
tress of Anderida. In this, however, I think he
is mistaken ; although the question of the exact
position of Andrede-ceaster has always been one
of lively interest to Antiquarians and Archaeolo-
gists.^ The Romans, during their occupation of
the country, placed the coast line from Yarmouth
to the Isle of Wio^ht under the charo^e of an officer
called " The Count of the Saxon Shore," who had
under him nine Roman captains, each with a for-
tress and a garrison of about 200 Roman troops of
various arms. It is supposed that he lived either
at Pevensey or at Brading, in the Isle of Wight,
and had absolute control over the coast, tosfether
with all citadels and ports, exercising the duties of
a provincial Lieut. -Governor. When the Romans
left Britain, about a.d. 410, the Count of the
Saxon Shore and his captains went with them, and
the country became divided into small and jealous
principalities. These in turn became a prey
to foreign invaders, who, until the settlement
under the Anglo-Saxon kings, took advantage of
' This question is discussed at length in the Sussex Archaeo-
logia.
14 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
the quarrels of the native princes to plunder our
shores. There was probably, however, no direct
government over this part of the coast until the
institution or recognition of the Cinque Ports by-
Edward the Confessor, who gave them their first
Charter and put them under the authority of a
Lord Warden, whose jurisdiction, reaching at first
to the Port of Yarmouth, was almost co-extensive
with that previously exercised by the Roman
Count of the Saxon Shore. The various hamlets
and homesteads alono^ the southern coast had thus
by degrees formed themselves into communities,
and something approaching to a municipal system
had been established. The great forest had also
yielded to the woodman's axe, its fir and oak had
been exploited, and a trade in timber had been
established, both home and foreign. When, there-
fore, William the Conqueror, landing at Pevensey,
near the old Roman encampment, fought the battle
of Hastings and assumed the Crown of England,
he found alone this coast from Sandwich to Ports-
mouth various tidal harbours, protected by forts
and managed by flourishing municipalities, en-
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 1 5
gaged in trade and shipbuilding, who sent their
fleets to all parts of the Channel and the North
Sea, carrying timber and bringing home fish,
which, to a great extent, supplied all classes of
the community with food. He immediately re-
vived the old Roman system, or more probably
adapted some system then in force, and put these
various communities under the charge of Bailiffs,
who were^oTiiinated by, and were accountable
only to the King, in distinction to the mayors
of boroughs, who were annually elected by, and
accountable to their Corporations. These bailiffs
were usually elected for life, or during the good
pleasure of the king. They seized and rendered
to the king_^]l__his duties on~the irriport and
export of various commodities, collected the tax
on herrings and other_criiwn_diies, regulated the
shipping, and acted generally as the king's agents
and representatives within their various districts.
They had power to try, as judges, offences against
the king's revenue ; their tribunals were among
the recosfnized institutions of the middle a^fes,
and the bailiff in his court was a favourite subject
1 6 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
with the draftsmen of the period. They also
sat with the mayors of towns within their juris-
diction, when the latter held Courts under their
various Charters.
Among many small communities thus formed at
the Norman Conquest, was the Royal Manor of
Igham, which, indeed, exists as a manor at the
present day, and includes the site of new Win-
chelsea. Numerous flint implements, which have
been discovered in excavations of its several
caves, point to its population by pre-historic man.
It is described in Domesday Book as having been
held by Earl Godwin in the time of Edward the
Confessor, and as being of the value of ^6, but
that it had been laid waste. It was held under
King William by the Count of Eu, who had at his
disposal thirty villeins or serfs, and ten cottagers,
with nineteen ploughs, six acres of pasture, and
pannage for two hogs, and it was taxed at two
hides of arable land. The equivalent of a hide of
land is not very accurately known, though it is
supposed to have been 1 20 acres, but the pannage
for two hogs meant the free run of two hogs in the
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 1 7
forest. " Vastata fuit " is its commentary in the
Domesday record, suggesting some long for-
gotten period, anterior to the coming of the
Conqueror, when there were dwellers with houses
and properties at Igham, who had either been
destroyed by the petty warfare of jealous prince-
lets, or overwhelmed by a tornado of ruthless
tempests.
Of the Cinque Ports^old Winchelsea was one of
the most important. It was a town, according to
^"T^ontenTof seven hundred households, and it was
of importance not only by reason of the large
fishing trade, which trained men and boys for the
sea, but because it was the foremost port for build-
ing ships of commerce and of war. Its contribu-
tions" to the Royal Navy of England were the
largest m number and in tonnage of all the Cinque
Ports or their members, and it commonly supplied
from among its citizens the Admiral of the
Cinque Ports, who was in fact the commander of
the Royal fleet. Whe n ther efore the gradual pro-
gress of the shingle, which, reversing in its move-
ment the ordinary course of nature, travels from
c"
,\ ^ 1 8 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
^ west to east, began to silt up the mouth of the old
harbour, and successive gales of unprecedented
ferocity bore the channel waves into the old town,
destroying one by one its churches and its public
buildings, and at last, on the Eve of St. Agatha,
A.D. 1287, sweeping it away altogether, changing
the face of the earth and causing the Rother to alter
his course, the impending calamity to the port and
to the country was considered so great that the
King himself took cognizance of the matter. This
had been a century of storms. A great tempest off
Calais, in 12 15, annihilated the fleet of de Beauvais,
and drowned in the channel some thousand foreign
knights and their retainers on their way to support
King John in his domestic strife. In 1233 thunder
and lightning were incessant for fifteen days, ac-
companied by hurricanes of wind and rain. In
1236 the Thames, excited by a storm, broke into
the Palace of Westminster, and inundated West-
minster Hall. During 1250 earthquakes were felt
in London, and on the feast of Saint Remigius,
(ist Oct.,) the sea, contrary to the course of nature,
flowed twice without ebbing, and, after roaring so
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 1 9
that it was heard far inland and appeared to the
mariners as if on fire, broke in upon old Winchelsea,
sweeping away many of its churches and habitations.
On the feast of Epiphany, 1252, and again in 1254,
the sea forced its way through the breaches pre-
viously made in the primitive sea wall, and added
to the destruction already effected by depositing
layers of salt on many of the fields and trees. In
a great storm of 1 2S7 , the lightning passed through
the chamber where the King and Queen Elinor
were conversing, killing two of the attendants,^
and the country was pale with terror at the possible
recurrence of these frightful visitations.
From their old habitation in the marsh, a low-
lying windy corner, much of it below the sea-level,
intersected with streams, surrounded by ever
shifting and undrained morasses, threatened by
rivers for ever chaneins: their course, with their
homes and buildinfjs from time to time engulfed
by the encroaching tide, resembling an old-time
Venice, without a Lido to shelter it from the
ocean, the dwellers in old Winchelsea must many
' Thomas of Walsingham, vol. i. p. 29.
20 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
a time have cast their eyes with longing on the
rocky bluff of Igham, standing apparently impreg-
nable in the centre of a well-protected haven and
occupied only by a scattered population with a few-
millers, who had taken advantage of its airy
heights to erect their mills. And thus when King
Edward visited his ports of Winchelsea and Rye,
and heard from the commonalty a recital of their
misfortunes and of their hopes, he revived their
charters, and carved out of his then existing
'manor of Isfham aT'site for" the new town of
&
^ Winchelsea. The old town was rapidly drowned,
and was so soon forgotten that it is difficult now
to indicate its precise locality. I believe, however,
that it stood on a spit of land running into Rye
Bay from a point nearly identical with the spot
upon which Camber watchhouse now stands. It
had in its time received many of our kings,
including in the number Edward the Confessor,
William the Conqueror, John, and Henry III., and
it had a protected harbour extending towards
Appledore, in which a considerable fleet could lie
in safety: The destruction of old Winchelsea and
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 21
the small hamlets on the littoral was ascribed by
the superstitious__sentiment of the time to some
hidden and mysterious agency. It was, however,
the natural and inevitable result of the incroach-
ment of the sea, provoked by an unusual succession||
of.inclement seasons. ' ^
The selection of Igham by King Edward, though
probably instigated by local desire, was the result
of his owq/ personal investigation. In this he was
aided by his council and his admirals, and his
choice was received wTth^^generaT^acclamation,
althoucrh the oradual workingf of the tide and the
continuous easterly movement of the shingle, not
perhaps understood at that date, might have
warned the king of the possibility of the calamity
which afterwards occurred. The chief attractions
oft his site were its strategic position, its abun-
dance of excellent water, supplied by numerous
springs which rise both within and without the
walls, and its general reputation for healthiness.
The two latter qualifications it has always retained.
When the Great Plague broke out ^ in 1563 and
^ "State Papers," 28 July, 1563.
2 2 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
again in 1586, Winchelsea was selected as a sana-
torium for the troops and others during-rhe time
of pestilence ; and it is probable that the very
same reasons which induced Edward I. to found
the town on this spot led the government at the
commencement of the present century to make it
the principal depot for cavalry in anticipation of
the possible invasion of Napoleon. It stood, sur-
mounted by some hundred and fifty acres of table-
land, on a sandstone rock 300 feet above the sea,
which on three sides washed its base. To the
south were the hills of Fairlight and of Hastings ;
to the w^est the wooded slopes of Brede and
Udimore reflecting their varied tints in the water
of their respective bays ; to the north lay the town
of Rye and the ports and villages of Romney Marsh,
while directly across the channel, on a clear and
propitious day, the white cliffs of Normandy were
distinctly visible. Beyond the town of Rye, on the
Camber coast, lay the decaying port of Vindelis
or old Winchelsea, from which the unruly tempests
were rapidly driving the inhabitants. These in
their old and dangerous habitations, while on the
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 23
one hand they saw their abodes faUing victims to
the inroads of the sea, on the other hand saw their
new town gradually rising in stately magnificence.
The old church of St. Thomas of Canterbury,
which, on the Eve of St. Agatha, had been swept
away by the tempest, was rebuilt in g reater
splendour at Igham ; and one at least of their
ancient hospitals rose again in the new town.
Old privileges, old traditions, and even old stones
were carried across the bay. The former scene
of devastation was rapidly fertilized. It grew into
a rich and flourishing town, and when the crowd
poured like a swarm of bees into their new hive
they found their homes thatched with the old
accustomed straw and sweetened with honey from
their own cells.
^N
24 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
/
II.
The position of new Winchelsea in the year of
our Lord 1287 was unsurpassed in grandeur and
attraction. Near the Ferrv Gate are the remains
of an old well called the Pipe Well, above which
is still to be found some solid masonry forming
part of the town wall. Following IKe TTine'ofthat
masonry to the corner of the field in which it
stands, there will be found the ruined remains of
what was, within the recollection of some of our
old inhabitants, a circular watch tower called the
Roundel, from which the guardian of the port
could survey the whole extent of his harbour.
The prospect even nowadays is one of great
beauty, and it is possible from that spot to realize
almost as fully as if one lived in the thirteenth
century the size and the security of Winchelsea
Haven. If, selecting a morning towards the end
of the autumn, when the mist has settled in the
valleys, and before the sun has had the strength
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 25
to conjure it away, and then, standing on the site
of the old watch tower, the spectator will lean in
imagination over the embattled ramparts, look
towards the sea and thence carry the eye to the
town of Rye, to Leasam, to the heights of
Cadborough, to Udimore, and to Brede, return-
ing thence by the hills of Icklesham back to
Winchelsea, he will see the extent of the old
Haven. The mist will take the place formerly
occupied by the sea, and he will realize the
existence of a harbour, not indeed very deep, for
in those days the small draught of the ships re-
quired but a shallow roadstead, but deep enough
and large enough in extent to allow the entire
navy of England to ride safely at anchor. A
shingle bank, as will even then be seen, at once
protected and threatened the entrance to the
harbcur. Udimore Bay and Brede Bay, spoken
of in the old charts, will be clearly defined, and
the line of the ferry to Udimore may even be
traced. If, pausing on that spot, he watches the
mist as it gradually dissolves under the rays of
the sun, the transformation of the locality will
26 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
become vividly apparent. The shingle banks
will rise slowly into sight, first as dark lines, then
as spits of land ; Camber Castle will come into
view, and as one of the latest developments of
nature the beds of shingle between that castle
and the harbour of Rye will appear upon the
scene. And as these dark beds appear step by
step, turning the sea away from the shallow
harbour and uro^ing: it towards the sands of the
opposite coast, he will appreciate with alacrity
and intelligence how it happened that, as the sea
was driven away and the dry land appeared, the
thrifty and laborious descendants of the South
Saxon population hastened to reclaim every acre
from which the waters had receded, and, utilizing
the soil which the rivers brought from the up-
lands, converted the bed of the harbour into the
^ ^ beautiful and luxuriant pasture that now feeds
our cattle and our sheep.
Winchelsea was then described by Thomas of
i -■■■ - -
Walsingham in \'\Historia Anglicana; as situated
on a hill with so steep an ascent on the sides
facing the water that it could only be ascended by
■>v>
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 27
scrambling on hands and knees, and could hardly
be descended without fear of falling over a preci-
pice. It was therefore approached by zigzag
paths winding about the town. The cliffs were
also infested with rabbits, so that it was spoken of
not too flatteringly as a rabbit warren. Of these
zigzags, one at the Friars, one leading to St.
Katherine's Well, and one leading towards St.
Leonard's Well, are familiar to us now : and of
the family of rabbits that were probably here for
ages before the Norman Conquest, their descen-
dants may still be seen in their thousands playing
in the coney field, and dodging in and out of their
holes in the clift, and the successors of these will
probably be found on the same spot when Win-
chelsea is dissolved in fire or whatever may be
the end of the material world. Notwithstanding
the rabbits, however, and the devastation spoken ^
of in Domesday Book, the hillwas in the thirteenth
century a valuable possession, portions of it being
owned by Sir John Tregoz, knight, who was one
of the vendors to the Crown, by the Abbot of
Battle, famous for his military prowess, by the
28 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
Tristram family, of Saxon origin, who had a house
there, by the Morris family, by the Alards, by the
Bacans, who owned a mill, and by others.
The Kine havine thus selected the site of new
Winchelsea, and having purchased of the copy-
holders their rights in such lands^aTs were necessary
for his purpose, had an opportunity of building a
city which, except to some extent in the instance
of London after the fire, has never bee^n afforded
to any English monarch. For he had a site
absolutely clear of any obstruction, the fee simple
of the whole area was in his own hands, and he
had a population both civil and military, combining
<ii^ery element necessary for the constitution of a
prosperous community ready and anxious to in-
habit his city so soon as its foundations were laid,
and its metes and bounds were duly staked out.
He had power to limit the number and the extent
of its r eligious settle ments, to exclude all paupers
and diseased persons, to select what positions he
thought fit for his public buildings, to settle the
diies of the port and the taxes^pf the town, and to
complete his work according to the most approved
1
'A
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 29 i
system of the thirteenth century. And it is re-
markable to notice a fact which I beheve to be\
unique in the building of-^English towns, that the \
disused principle of the builders of Pompeii/ in
constructing streets or highways running directly
east to west, traversed by streets running directly
north to south, so as to present the whole town in \
blocks of an average superficial area of about two
' acres, was adopted by the builders of new Win-
chelsea, who laid out their town in quarters or
blocks, numbered and described, intersected by
strada or streets at right angles to each other,
beginning with the first quarter in the north-east,
and ending with the thirty-ninth quarter at the
southern point. The practice was then again dis-, , J(A
continued by English-speaking people until the! r I '
erection of the new homes in the New World, \ • ^- . '■'
where I believe that every new city without an)- ^^ |.
exception has been laid out upon the ancient
model. Who was the person actually responsible
for the adoption of this plan midway between
' Pompeii had 160 acres within the walls; Winchelsea had
150 acres.
30 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
Rome and Washington, I am unable to say, and
it may be that this scheme had even been adopted
by the original settlers in the old town, but the
.selection which the king made of an agent for his
work showed that monarch's usual sagacity.
At this period the only persons of skill and
education, either as authors or as architects, were
the clergy, and in selecting a founder for his new
town he naturally sought one from that class. The
V person he chose was Sir John de Kirkeby, Bishop
^-. ofEly^who was thus the architect and the^buTIder of
new Winchelsea. This prelate, like many of his
time, was more of a politician than of a churchman.
He was ordained a deacon in early life, and
became a considerable pluralist, being at the same
time Canon of Wells and of York, Dean ofWim-
borne and of Worcester, and Lord Keeper of the
Great Seal to King Henry HI., a post which he
retained for some years, involving himself, as is
said, so much in secular affairs, that when in 128^
he was elected also to the Bishopric of Lichfield,
the then Archbishopof Canterbury, John Peckham,
refused to consecrate him, holdincT that "a man
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 3 1
of SO good conscience as a bishop ought to be,
would rather content himself with a little living
than cumber himself with so many charges." ^
By Edward I. he was appointed Lord High
Treasurer in 1284, and on the 22nd September,
1286, having been ordained priest on the previous
day, he was consecrated Bishop of Ely by the
same Archbishop Peckham. This position as the
sovereign's chief officer of state and Lord Lieu-
tenant of the kingdom in his absence. Sir John de
Kirkeby held till his death in March, 1291. In
the king's absence he ruled with great power and
decision, and in 1289, the monarch being away on
one of his long visits to France, and the Commons
refusing to grant any suppl)- till he returned to
England, Kirkeby set the Parliament at defiance,
and byhisownauthority demanded and levied
h£aAn>L_c ontributia DS in the nature of an aid from
all the cities, boroughs, and king's demesnes
throughout the kingdom. To this minister accor-
' Prynne, "Ecc. Jurisdiction," vol. iii, jx 359. Eentham,
("Ely Cathedral," p. 151), says that Kirkeby declined the
dignity. The two stories are, however, consistent.
32 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
V dingly, assisted by Stephen de Pencestre, Lord
■^ Warden of t he Cin gjje__Ports, and the ma\'or and
\ \I\ ^^ jurats of the town, were confided the design, the
^
construction, and the ordering of new "Wmchelsea,
The work of purchasing, surveying, and allotting
the land was commenced by the Lord Warden
about 1 28 1. On the 25th July, 1288, the pre-
liminaries were completed and the Bishop of Ely,
as Lord High Treasurer, on the King's behalf, on
the feast of St, James the Apostle, amid all the
beauty and luxuriance of a mediaeval summer,
made delivery of seizin of the king's lands to the
mayor and commonalty of the antient town, reserv-
ing, however, to the Crown a plot of about ten
acres called the King's Green, to the south of the
town, beyond the spot where the Grey Friars sub-
sequently found a home. The ceremony was
performed in the presence of the High Sheriff of
Sussex and of a great concourse of nobles, knights,
bailiffs, and inhabitants of the county. At the
same time, to foster the prosperity of the new
colony, the commonalty were released for a period
of seven years from any payment of rent or of
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. T,7,
dues to the King or his successors. Five years
were devoted to the building, and seven years of
taxation w^ere then remitted to the citv. This
period, coinciding with five years for birth and
maturity and seven years for apprenticeship to
industry or commerce, completed the twelfth year,
which was recognized from the history of sacred
life as the accepted starting-point of man's intellec-
tual power and physical endurance. For in the
middle ages the Holy Scriptures were not only
read as an infallible guide to faith and morals, but
were consulted as a trustworthy encyclopaedia of
universal knowledofe.
The King did not, however, entirely delegate to
the Lord Treasurer all control over the erection of
newWinchelsea. He personally interested himself
in the construction of the town, was on numerous
occasions resident within it, and as his bailiff was
also the Admiral of his Fleet, and had been his
brother in arms against the Saracens, it is not
unreasonable to suQf2fest that the Court Hall, or
bailiffs house, sheltered the English Justinian, one
of the irreatest of Encfland's kinoes.
D
34
THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
This house, now known as the old Court Hall,
or Bailiff's Prison, is the oldest in the town, and
as we know that the Manor of Igham was occupied
before it received the name of Winchelsea, I
I
REMAINS OF THE OLD COURT HALL.
think it very probable that this antient building
was erected before the Barons of Winchelsea left
the shores of Camber, and before the church, the
gates, and the vaulted cellars were taken in hand.
An examination of the building itself gives force
to this suggestion. The great depth and the
material of the walls, the timbers of rough hewn
oak, the architecture of the doors, and what re-
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 35
mains of the windows, and the entire absence
of ornament, all point to a date before the build-
ing of the church, which was itself undertaken
immediately upon the immigration of the settlers
from the old town. The conveyancing title to
the building, however, does not go further back
than the time of Henry VII., who conveyed the
Royal Manor of Igham, including the Court Hall
at Winchelsea, and the advowsons of the two
churches of St. Thomas and St. Giles, to Sir
Richard Guldeford, then bailiff of the antient
town. It was originally a building of consider-
able size. It appears, from the remains of the
walls, that its frontage to the church was about
100 feet, and that it had a frontage towards the
plot called Paradise, on the west, of at least
seventy feet. There were other rooms besides
the Hall itself above the ground tloor, and the
small stone doorway found on the first fioor shows
that there was a communication with other apart-
ments on the same level. It is also possible that
the vaulted cavern under the west end of the Hall,
now however blocked up, was used as a prison
36 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
for the bailiff's malefactors, in which case the
small door above referred to may have admitted
them to the Court close to where the bailiff and the
mayor may have sat, so that they need not have
passed through the body of the hall. Small doors
of this kind opening on to the judgment seat, are
common enough in old courts of justice, and
specimens of them are to be seen in the Doge's
Palace at Venice and in similar buildings in
France and Germany. The roof, with its huge
beams of rough hewn oak, is probably in the
same condition as when first placed upon the
walls, and it appears to be very similar in character
to the oaken roof of St. Thomas' church. Two
niches of stonework with iron gratings show
where holy virgins or saints were formerly placed,
and a coat of arms, surmounted by a tilting
helmet, probably of the Lewknor family, has been
apparently removed from some other building and
inserted in the outer wall.
The Hall itself was the property of the bailiff,
and not of the Corporation. Rent was paid to
the lord of the manor of Igham, who succeeded
AND NEW WINCHELSFA. 2)7
the last bailiff, down to the year 1884; and as
far back as Richard II. (a.d. 1399), the sum of
vi^ viii'^. per quarter was paid to Vincent Finch,
the then bailiff, for the use of the Hall, then
called the King's House {Doniuui Regis), by the
Corporation.
Under these fostering influences the new town
rapidly grew and prospered. The timber trade
flourished, for the old forest of Andred had not dis-
appeared for many years after this date. The fish-
ing fleet of Winchelsea increased year by year:
The curing and exporting of herrings brought
a good revenue to the bailiff, and a large profit
to the inhabitants, who, by means of their carriers
or rippiers, distributed their fish throughout the
district, even sending it on occasions as far as
London, in whose markets, as Barons of Winchel-
sea, they had a right of free sale.
The herring, for which the boats of Rye still
put out, following the shoal even to the North
Sea, was then, as now, a precarious though most
important market. I find, from Professor Rogers'
''♦ History of Agriculture and Prices ' (vol. i. p. 641),
yv
»^ t)«W
38 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
that the average price of herrings from a.d. 1259 to
1350, was js. ^d. per thousand (counting twelve
hundred), but that before that period they were in
1242 as low as 3^. 2d. per thousand, or thirty for
a penny. In 1299 they were as high as ii^-. 7W. per
thousand, or eight for a penny. For the next fifty
years the average price was 16^. per thousand.
The herring, however, was a somewhat costly fish,
and whether fresh or salted, was generally be-
yond the means of the poorer classes. It might,
with eel and salmon, of which in the middle ao-es
there was a great profusion in England, and
many hundreds of whom doubtless then travelled
annually up the river Rother, be said to have
been exclusively for the table of the rich. Haddock,
cod, hake, porpoise, mackerel, and conger eel,
which is still in some parts of France considered
"Y an acceptable article of food, were for the repast
vOo of the poor. These two industries, together with
^pX the free import of foreign wines, which were sold
at an average price of four shillings per dozen
gallons, or one halfpenny per pint, and to receive
which the town was honey-combed with caves or
v\^
AND NEW WIXCHELSEA. 39
vaulted cellars, many of which, with their groined
ceilings and curiously carved corbels, are to be
found under the modest cottages of the present
town, gave to the place so great an aspect of
business and wealth, that, according to Leland,
within twenty years of its foundation, there were
twenty aldermen in the town, merchants of good
substance. The iron works of Sussex, w^iich had
in former days supplied the army of Harold with
spear-heads and swords, were to be found within
half a day's journey in the forest, and furnished the
town with tools and weapons. Cogs and sloops
of Winchelsea and Rye brought from Normandy
the stone that built the church of St. Thomas, and
the brick earth and sandstone to be found on the
spot, together with an unlimited supply of Sussex
oak, completed the necessary materials for build-
ing. The^yiQ€fd ash, v\^iich could be procured in
abundance from the forest, enabled the monks to
make the gorgeous red, green, blue; and yellow
glass^ some pieces of which have by a rare
accident survived to the church, but the secret of
whose manufacture has now for ever departed.
V
40 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
And tradkiqn, indeed, assigns to Winchelsea the
site of a g4^eat-5cFory of ecclesi astical _glasj, exist-
ing nearly to the time of the Reformation. The
shipwrights, who had transferred their business
from the old town, still continued to supply
England with a great portion of its navy, and
much of its fishing and merchant service. To
such an extent, indeed, had this industry increased
during the first fifty years of new Winchelsea,
that in the year 1347 it alone supplied to the king
twenty-one ships of war, with 596 mariners, the
largest contribution of any of the royal ports.
A return under the date of 20, Edward I. (a.d.
1292), partially transcribed by Mr. Cooper in his
" History of W inchelsea/' shows how fiillythe
new town was occupied within four years of its
foundation. Among the 730 names there returned
will be found those of most of the well-known
families of this district. All the leading residents
of the old town appear to have come over, and
among other names the list comprises those of
Alard, Etchingham, Tristram, Lewknore, Godfrey,
Dering, Bertelot and Glynde, together with a con-
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 4 1
siderable staff of clergy and many single ladies and
widows. Among other names are those of a family
called Cogger. They were, as their name would
indicate, mariners or caulkers of ships. Of all the
families named in 1292, this is the only one that
has ever since remained attached to the soil of
Winchelsea. They never rose above the rank of
fishermen or artificers, and the last of the race, an
old labourer over eighty years of age, with a
remarkable knowledge of local history for the last
200 years, still lives in a thatched cottage in the
antient town. Few Saxon names are to be found,
but amongst this small number is that of " Goda,"
the same name as that of a Saxon landowner and
countess, who is entered in Domesday Book as
then holding considerable land in various parts of
the county of Sussex, and as having owned it in
the time of the Confessor.^ The Norman is every-
' She held in Hailsullede Hundred lands of the value alto-
gether of ^8 14^. per annum : in Guestling Hundred ;^24 per
annum: in Havochesberrie Hundred ^iS per annum: in
Hamfelt Hundred £^ 10s. per annum. Very large holdings in
those days.
^
./
^
42 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
where to be found in name and occupation, show-
ing how completely the Anglo-Saxon had by this
time developed into the Anglo-Norman.
The new town took somewhat more than five
years to build, and it was completed and partly j)^
occupied when the last inroad of the sea destroyed \ ^1/'
the remnants of old Winchelsea. To his-^barons
and goodmen of the new town the king gave the
^ J^^ same rights and privileges as were exercised by
"^ those of the old, together with the charter under
which the mayor and jurats satjrom time to time
as magistrates and electors Inthe Court Hall.
He established the markets, which, with varying
prosperity, survived to the beginning of the
present century, and of which the localities are
popularly known, and h e la id the foundation of
the church dedicated to the English saint Thomas
of Canterbury, " the holy blisful martyr," as
Chaucer calls him, a portion of whose effigy in
tinted stone was some years ago recovered from
the earth, and is now to be seen over the chancel
steps. He gave to the Corporation, under the
title of the Barons of Winchelsea, a Great Seal, of
"^SL^S
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 43
which a portion of the original of that date still
remains, and is in a peculiar way typical of the
King. The seal^represents a ship of war of the c^Aa/^^--'^^^^
thirteenth cent ury w ith a crew^ Qf^eight men pre-
paringlorsea. The counterseal or reverse shows
the public buildings of the town, including the
churches of St. Thomas and St. Giles. In the
former is a representation of the murder of
A' Beckett by the three knights, and above are
the royal arms, consisting of three lions, the fleur-
de-lis not having been as yet assumed by the
English kings. Above the church of St. Giles,
which has a representation of the saint with his
faithful hind, is placed a bird standing on a
crocketted gable. This, says Mr. M. A. Lower,
in his " History of Sussex," " appears to have
been introduced merely to fill up a blank space in
the desiofn." But our forefathers did not waste
time and energy in filling up blank spaces, they
used symbols because they were symbolical, and
emblems because they were emblematical, and this
is both a symbol and an emblem. The bird in
question, though it appears on the seal as the
44 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
representative of a huge antedeluvian seagull, is a
dove,, whose history I conceive to be as follows.
Edward the Confessor, the father of the Cinque
Ports, bore on the top of his sceptre the figure of
a dove, emblematical of mercy and peace. The
Conqueror and William Rufus would have none
of it, and carried the sword in one hand and the
globe in the other. Henry I., on the contrary,
adopted the emblem of the dove, though not on
the sceptre but on the globe, as signifying some
return to the benignant laws of St. Edward and a
departure from the severity of his father and
brother.' This symbol was also used in the same
manner by Stephen and by Henry H. Richard I.
again discontinued the dove, and it remained for
Edward I. to reassume the emblem, bearing it on
the top of his sceptre in exact imitation of Edward
the Confessor, and as an intimation to the world
that while bearing the same name as the sainted
king he would follow him in his acts of clemency
and pity, and in a restoration of those laws which
had rendered famous his name and his age. The
' Sandford's "Genealogical History," p. 26.
AND NEW WINCH ELSE A. 45
symbol of clemency and reconciliation was no in-
appropriate design for the Winchelsea seal, as the
redoubtable barons of the old town had been in
ifmsagainst Edward in former years, and had
been punished with a great slaughter after a
stubborn resistance. This same symbol was also
used by Edward II. and by Edward III. during
the early portion of his reign, and it then dis-
appeared for ever from the royal emblem.
Nor did the Kinsf or his treasurer forget the
outward symbols of religion and of law. On a
green~spot beyond the city wall, a short distance
from the gate, rose the Holy Rood of Winchelsea.
Land travellers making for the only entrance that
would admit them from the road, could see the
holy emblem long before they arrived at the port-
cullissed gate, and it was equally visible from the
ships that lay in the inner harbour. It faced to
the south, and its shadow fell in the morning on
the water, and in the evening on the town. The
house of the Holy Cross overlooked it, and two
holv friars livinof near the New Gate had it in
charge. After paying this tribute to religion the
.y
46 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
Bishop made his respects to law, and erected a
great gallows in a held within sight of the Holy
Rood, but also beyond the walls. According to
its antient rights as a Cinque Port, Winchelsea
was entitled to impound and appropriate all cattle
found straying within its limits if not redeemed
within a year and a day. The pound still exists,
and the pound driver is still nominally an officer
of the Corporation. It had also a pillory and a
tumbrell or cucking-stool, the latter used for duck-
incr scolds or brawling women, and the former for
exposing bakers and brewers whose bread and
beer were not found equal to the standard of
purity imposed by law. The pillory and cucking-
stool have long since disappeared, and the ladies
are now allowed the free use of their tono^ues,
though the bakers and the brewers are still to
some extent controlled by law.
For the purposes of health, for public assemblies,
or f or recre ation, three open spaces were kept
within the walls. One of about ten acres, tome
south of the town, was called the King's Green ;
the Church Square, of about two acres, occupied
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 47
the centre, and a small common called Cook's
Green at the north-east point overlooked the
harbour. During all the vicissitudes and variations
of Winchelsea these three several plots have, so
far as is known, remained open spaces from the
foundation of the town to the present day.
48 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
III.
The speech of a nation is like that of a human
beinor. Beo^innino; with a Hmited if not a mono-
syllabic vocabulary, it gradually increases in
volume, developing and expanding with the infant's
strength. It adapts itself from time to time
to the thoughts and expressions of its suc-
cessive teachers ; it assimilates the gestures and
phrases of its friendly but varying companions,
and taking its tone in youth from superiors, in
manhood from equals, it eventually settles down
into the definite style and language which distin-
guish and identify the full-grown man. England
in the thirteenth century was in the full vigour of
youth just bursting into manhood. It had passed
throuo-h the stages of Roman tuition and of Saxon
domination, and was then permeated with the
accents and idioms of the victorious Norman race.
As there have been since then no Conqueror's
leo-ions to overrun our land and to impose on us
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 49
or to habituate us to an alien tonsfue, the Enehsh
languao-e has gradually and uninterruptedly as-
sumed the exact and distinctive character which
it attained some centuries a^o. Its transitional
state, however, was naturally marked by a curious
mixture of Latin, Saxon or Old English, and
Norman, the southern ports — of which Winchelsea
was one — being essentially Norman, and mediaeval
Latin being still freely used in conversation by
the professional classes. Of these, perhaps,
Chaucer's " Somonour " or apparitor may be
taken as an example ; for
" Whan that he well dronken had the wyn
Than wolde he speke no word but Latine."
It is accordingly somewhat difficult from such
sources as are now available to trace out the names
and descriptions of the original occupants of new
Winchelsea. From those, however, which can be
ascertained, a good impression of the town may
be obtained, together with some idea of the com-
position of a busy city in the Middle Ages. In
•endeavouring to arrive at a sound conclusion on
E
50 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
this interesting" subject, I have carefully considered
the return above alluded to (which I have printed
ill extenso in an Appendix) , have eliminated to the
best of my ability the names descriptive of
trades and occupations from those indicative of
persons, and have thus, I think, succeeded in re-
producing with some fidelity the constituent par-
ticles of the new town. In addition to those who
migrated from the old town, men crowded to new
Winchelsea from all parts of the adjoining country,
Pevensey, Canterbury, Portsmouth, Appledore,
Folkestone, Hastings, Fairlight, Harwich, Hythe,
Maidstone, Mayfield, Rye, Biddenden, Ewhurst,
Romney, London, and even Scotland furnished
their contingents. The houses of these various
settlers were scattered over the town, tlie Church
of St. Thomas formine the centre of the area and
the walls or ramparts marking the circumference.
Of the style and character of these tenements~one
can only form a speculative opinion. Contem-
poraneous drawings do not exist, and although the
church, the gates, and some of the crypts show
traces of great power and beauty in their design, yet,
AND NEW WI^XHELSEA. 5 I
as I think Mr. Ruskin ^ successfully demonstrates, , /.n,i--
the great architectural power of the thirteenth
centuryTof which England affords many noble ex- yv^
amples, found employment in the construction of Q/
ecclesiastical and of public buildings, but was
seldom in any sense extended to the requirements
of private or domestic life. There is little reason,
therefore, to suppose that the homes of the masses
of the population were more important or more
commodious than the thatched cottages of the
present day. The Great Seal of Winchelsea
shows at its base what tradition declares to be a
representation of the religious houses of the place.
From this it would appear that they were tiled
buildings of a single story, resembling in size and
detail the well-known Beguinage in the city of
Ghent, and if this was their architectural limit, it
is not to be supposed that the private houses of
the less wealthy citizens were of a superior con-
struction. Churches, manor houses, castles, and
the residences of the rich and powerful were m
the thirteenth century built of stone or of rubble
' "Val D'Arno,"sec. iii.
52 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
faced with stone ; those of the poorer classes were
of wood and plaster, like the log-hut or frame
house of the Western States. Houses were either
thatched or tiled, according to the convenience of
obtaining rushes or tiles. In Winchelsea I believe
they were mostly tiled, as Battle Abbey had a
large factory for tiles at Wye in Kent, and the
great increase of their sales in 13 18, and again
from 1369 to 1394, was probably due to building
at Winchelsea/ Glass was a material within reach
of the prosperous but not of the poor. It cost
from 8^/. to is. 6f/. per square foot to glaze the
windows of a house, and as this was an age of
great luxury for the wealthy, one can hardly doubt
that the stone house in addition to being warmly
tiled, was also comfortably glazed. Brick for
building purposes does not seem to have been
employed in England till a much later date,
but a tile somewhat resembling a Roman brick
was frequently used in the construction of their
^ The price of tiles was 2s. to y. per 1000, and the cost of
tliatching was 2l-d. per day for a thatcher and his help, a boy
or a woman. Rogers, vol. i., p. 156.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 53
buildings, and many of these may be seen in the
old gateways and in the entrance to Trojan's
Hall/
St. Thomas of Canterbury (in later years
converted into St. Thomas the Apostle), and
St. Giles were the two churches of new Winchel-
se^sTas they had formerly been of the old town.
The latter of these, a small building with one bell,
was probably disused after the end of the fifteenth
century, and has entirely disappeared ; but in a
large open square in the centre of the new town
rose theBTChurch of St. Thomas of Canterbury^.
The foundations extend nearly to the end of the
churchyard, but whether the nave was ever com-
pleted, is one of those questions that, notwith-
standincr the interest which has lonq- been taken
' It is called Trojan's or Jew's Hall, and there is much
speculation as to the alternative description. But in the
Middle Ages Jews were proscribed and a Trojan was a syno-
nym for a thief. See Henry IV., Act ii., Sc. i.
■ This was the age of pilgrimages, and among the most
popular of English shrines was that of St. Thomas the martyr,
to which about this time Chaucer's thirty Canterbury pilgrims
wended their way.
C'v^v\^ ^
{^4
54 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
in Winchelsea, seems impossible of solution. I
can find no proof of the fact of such completion,
and the entire absence of any walls further west
than the transept leads me to think that those
of the church were not completed beyond that
section. The chancel and the ruins of the
transept which now remain, show clearly enough
what was the intention of the founders of the
church, and how noble and decorative an edifice
was then in contemplation. But there were other
religious houses in the town. The Grey Friars
Chapel still exists in a beautiful ruin. Churches of
St. Giles and St. Leonard stood on spots still
hallowed by their name, and the Great Seal of the
Barons indicate other religious houses which
w^ere scattered about the town. The con-
struction of great abbeys and churches was
a long and tedious work, owing to the scarcity
of labour and the time and cost of brinorinsf on
to the spot the various materials required for
building. Generations were required for such
undertakings, which, even at the end of centuries,
were often incomplete. Pecuniary assistance was
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 55
no doubt, in the first instance, given to Winchelsea
by the King and his Queen, but the rest had to be
raised by the monks from fines, to be saved from
their income, to be begged from the Hving or to be
procured from death-bed donations of devout or
timid Christians. Time and money, therefore, in
profusion would have been required for the com-
pletion of all these buildings, and in both these
essentials W^inchelsea was sadly deficient. Within
two centuries of its inception, Ichabod might have
been inscribed on its gates, for its glory had
departed as a city of England. It had been
plundered by foes, and deserted by the element
on whose good favour it subsisted, and I conceive
it to be impossible that under such circumstances
the completion of so stupendous a work as the
great Church of St. Thomas could have been
accomplished. Even in its present condition of
ruin, however, it is a noble building, its windows
are of great beauty, and the sculptured effigies
of the old warriors of Winchelsea, lying under
their stately canopies in what were formerly
profusely decorated chantries, give it a tone of
56 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
mediaeval sanctity, which few other churches can
equal/
These were the great churches of the place, but
the superstitous reverence, of the fishermen and
sailors, encouraged doubtless by the clergy,
erected another and special chapel to the patron
saint of their own peculiar industry. All along
the French coast, especially at points opposite to
Kent and Sussex, and notably at Boulogne, a little
chapel may be seen on the cliff, decorated with the
votive offerings of the sea-faring population, who
affect its services for themselves, their wives, and
their familes. Even at the present day, when in the
later autumn the fishing fleet leaves the harbour
of Boulogne for the North Sea, the crew of each
boat, as it sails over the bar, may be seen to cast
their eyes back upon the little chapel, or the
heights above their quarter, and to make the sign
of the cross, as a mark of reverence to their patron
saint. Actuated by a similar sentiment, the sea-
' A very full and detailed account of the church, with its
monuments, etc., is given in Cooper's ''History of Winchelsea,"
p. 122.
I\ %<^
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 5 7
men of new W'inchelsea built for themselves, on a
point beyond the roundel or harbour-master's
tower, a little chapel dedicated to St. Leonard.
It commanded a clear prospect of the harbour
and of the ships as they lay at anchor, and though
it could not be seen from the sea at any point
directly to the east of the town, being there
obscured by the public buildings and the rising
ground, yet it was in full view of the bar of
Winchelsea Haven between the spit of Camber
and the town of Rye. The tradition of many
ages ascribed to this Norman saint a miraculous
power, afterwards assumed by the witches of
Norway and of the Isle of ^lan, over the winds
and the wa\'es ; and the monks, to encourage the
worshippers and to increase their own store,
erected in the chapel a small hgure of St.
Leonard communicatino; with a vane above the
roof, and in return for the monies of the
faithful, turned the vane to the point from which
they wished the saint to procure the breeze.
And as the Norman women congregate to-day
round the sailors' chapel and at the pier end to
58 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
encourage the bread-winners of their homes, and
to join with them in their reverence as the boat
passes the bar, so the women of Winchelsea
for many generations in the Middle Ages
gathered together round the Httle Chapel of St.
Leonard, saw their husbands and their lovers
safe over the bar, and with silent prayer and
reverence committed them to the care of the Lord
of the winds and the waves.
The English kings, with their frequent arrivals
and departures would have been constant votaries
of this saint, and St. Leonard of Winchelsea was
more benevolent to the Qrreat Plantaeenet than
were the windy saints of France, for while King
Edward IIL was always blessed with a fair wind
for his French expeditions, his return journeys were
invariably accompanied by storms and tempests.^
^ "About the feste of Seynt Michael (a.d. 1347) the kyng
took the se into Ynglond, and there had he grete tempest,
and mervelous wyndes : and than he mad swech a complynt
onto oure lady and saide ' O blessed mayde, what menyth al
this ? Evyr whan I go to Frauns, I have fayre weddir : and
whanne I turne to Ynglond intollerable temiDestes.' " — Cap-
grave, p. 213. "Political Poems and Songs," vol. i., p. 54..
AND NEW WIXCHELSEA. 59
Saint Leonard's Chapel had no cemetery or bury-
ing ground, and apparently no endowment. The
names of two priests only, John Grafton and
Thomas Bate, are known in connection with it, and
it is not mentioned in the return of 1292, or in any
subsequent charter or grant. The last trace that
I can find of its existence is in 1487, when Henry
\' II. confirmed to Sir Edward Hastinges, one of
his supporters, the advowsons of St, Thomas the
Martyr, Giles and Leonard of Winchelsea, which
had been granted to his ancestor by King Ed-
ward I\ .^ So long as the Port of Winchelsea re-
mained great and prosperous the saint was pro-
bably popular and well nourished ; but as the sea-
faring interest fell away the prosperity of St.
Leonard also declined, and in 1428, according to
Mr. CoojDer, the saint and his chapel had entirely
disappeared. The saint, however, with his mira-
culous vane, havinc: been but a local les^end for
over 450 years, has once again reappeared in the
antient town. Durinof some recent alterations in
the old Court Hall, a number of oaken boards
^ " Materials," etc., vol. ii., p. 213.
6o • THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
were found which had been used as a lining for a
painted tribune occupied by the mayor and jurats
when trying minor offendors. These boards were
with much trouble pieced together, when it was
discovered that they formed a rude picture in dis-
temper of St. Leonard of Winchelsea in the act of
blessinof the fruits of the earth. He is dressed in
the habit of an archbishop, has a crown and a
nimbus, and carries over his shoulder in place of
the crozier, with which all are familiar, a miniature
windmill, typical of the miraculous power with
which he was specially credited. The picture
is undoubtedly of the fourteenth century, and
is one of the oldest muniments of the antient
town.^
And here beneath the curtilage of St. Leonard
lay the Winchelsea ships celebrated in war and in
song. We have the names of some. The " Saint
Edward," the " Saint Mary," the " Plenty," the
"Nicholas," the "Saint Giles," the "Saint
Thomas," the " Margaret," the " Ship of the
^ A copy of this picture forms the frontispiece of this
book.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 6 1
Bishop of Durham," ^ and five others went with
the King to France in 1294. In 1306, the " Ed-
ward," the " Katherine," the " Saint Thomas," the
" Holy Spirit," and the " Saint Giles," went with
the king to fight the Scots. Smaller vessels were
called " La Blithe de Winchelse," " La Dame le
CoLir," " La Lyttel Nanspie," " La Fauccon," and
at later periods there were an "Edward IL," an
"Edward IIL," and numerous craft named after
their owners and the ladies of their family.
I nimediately facing the Court Hall, at the corner
of the Church Square, there formerly stood a lofty
campanile or bell tower, from which the bells are
supposed to have been carried off by the French
and never replaced. No trace of the campanile
now remains, but it appears in drawings of Win-
chelsea taken within the present century. The
robbery of church and harbour bells was a well
recognized incident of mediceval warfare, and one
of the traditional glories of the place celebrates the
' William de la Zouche, Bishop of Durham, in 1346, with
Earl Percy, commanded the English army against the Scots in
the absence of Edward III. in France.
62 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
occasion when the men of Winchelsea turned out
in aid of their brother portsnien of Rye, who had
been similarly plundered, successfully assaulted the
Norman robbers, burnt their city to the ground,
slew every Norman they could find, and brought
their bells home in triumph to Rye.
In addition to the churches, the religious house
or hospital of St. John for monks and nuns, with
two acres of land, stood in what is still known as
St. John's or Chapel Field. The hospital of St.
Bartholomew and the House of the Holy Cross
occupied a portion of what is now known as
Newgate Field, the former having two acres and
the latter one acre of land attached. And there
was for many years a monastery of Black Friars.
This was founded by Queen Elinor, who was
much attached to this order, to whose monastery
at Blackfriars she bequeathed her heart, when, in
1290, she died at Harby. The story of the con-
veyance of Queen Elinor's corpse by easy stages
from Lincoln to London, each resting-place being
marked by a cross reverently erected by King
Edward, is one of the idylls of English history.
AND NEW WIXCHELSEA. 6
O
These friars, who were mendicant preachers and
teachers, without funds or endowment, and with
vows of perpetual poverty, frequently moved their
home ; but they ultimately settled down on a small
piece of land facing the road to the north of the
Rectory, and to the east of St. Leonard's Church.
Nothing, however, now remains of their house but
a crypt, which may possibly have been used as the
cellar or refectory of the order. Andrew of the
Monastery, and Tristram, and Walter, described
as Friars, had lands allotted to them, and probably
belonged to one or other of these institutions.
These religious houses were, together with the
larger and more important house of the Gre)'
Friars, dissolved at the Reformation, and their
lands were subsequently divided out to the Cor-
poration by Queen Elizabeth. The only portions
of any of them now remaining are the chancel of
the Chapel of the Grey Friars, the gable end of
the House of St. John, which still stands in the
Chapel Field beside the Hastings Road, and the
crypt of the Black Friars already mentioned.
Of the various classes which composed the
64 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
community within the walls, the churches and the
religious houses naturally contributed the largest
part. In addition to prelates and priors who
paid occasional visits to the town, the rectors
of St. Thomas and St. Giles, and the curate of St.
Leonard, lived within their respective parishes.
Little is known of these reverend gentlemen, for
the poor town parson, who was, however, the
working bee of the ecclesiastical hive, was then
of little account beyond the limited borders of his
parish. For although at a later period the
country was induced, by consideration of his in-
cessant labour and self sacrifice, to take sides with
the parish priest as against the lordly monk and
the preaching friar, the time of the parson was not
yet come in the thirteenth century, and his interest
was mainly confined to his own particular fiock.
In addition to these parish parsons or curates,
who were provided with homes beside their own
churches, Alexander of the Church, Henry of the
Church, Jordan, the clerk, Richard Bonenfant, the
clerk, John of Igham, Godfrey, Herbert, called
Browning, Lawrence, Robert, John and Lawrence,
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 65
all of them clerks, had houses to themselves, and
probably attended the services of the church.
Seven palmers, hoi}' men who, though not knights,
had visited the Sepulchre at Jerusalem, viz., Roger,
Bovingus, John, William the Aged, Reynard, Cole-
kyn and John, also had their habitations within
the walls. The Holy Cross was attended by the
Friars Sampson and Gilbert, who lived near the
Holy Rood. Walter le Granger (grangerius),
bailiff of the Monastery farm, lived in the thirty -
fifth quarter, near the Holy Rood. Benedict
Carite (caritarius), who on special occasions dis-
pensed bread and wine from the Monastery, lived
with Robert Scalle (scalus), the verger, who had
charge of the seats and stalls of the monks and
canons, in the twenty-sixth quarter near the Cross.
Dyn Chaper (chapler), the cope bearer, had a
house also near the Rood, while Ancel, the
candle-maker (candelarus), in the twenty-ninth
quarter, near Winchelsea Thorn, and John An-
cel, the cellarer of the monastery, may reasonably
be added to the list of those whose occupations
most closely associated them with the service of
F
66 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
the Church. Add to these the monks and the
rehgious persons hving within the Friars and
the houses, and a staff of something over fifty
resident clergy with their attendants will be the
result.
The art or science of military architecture was
probably at its height during tHe reign of Edward I.
The eleven hundred castles of King Stephen's
troubled reign had been mostly destroyed, and no
town or house could now be fortified without a
license to kernell or embattle. In a new town,
\ therefore, erected by the King as a warlike station,
/forming the port of embarkation for his foreign
/ ventures, and the base from which to draw his
supplies and to keep open communications with
his friends at home, its capabilities of defence were
of the first importance. Occupying the original
and remarkable position of a port upon a hill,
a sort of thirteenth century Gibraltar, it had cer-
tain natural advantages, but in addition to the
roundel or harbour-master's turret, and the cam-
panile or bell tower erected to give timely notice
of impending danger, it was defended on the land
,.^ AND NEW ^YINCHELSEA. 6?
side by a deep ditch, surmounted at first by a ram-
part or w'^ of earth, for in the middle ages, as in
the nineteenth century, the spade was the first
great implement of defensive warfare. This wall v v /j,
was afterwards built of stone, with three solid gates
with their portcullises standing east, west and
south, to protect its entrance from assault. Of
these gates, whose ruins still exist, that to the east
is in the best condition, and probably in its origi-
nal state it had some features in common with the
great gate of Nevers, built about the same time
and still in perfect preservation. On the sides
washed by the tide, precipitous cliffs formed a
natural defence. A small castle or fortlett of
the concentric pattern affected by the monarch
stood near St. Leonard's Church, and had an
uninterrupted view of the ferry, the harbour, the
ships, and the high road to Hastings. Its founda-
tions, upon which a mill has been erected, are even
now clearly discernible from the meadows beneath.
Chaucer's description of the Fortress of Jealousy
in the " Roman nt of the Rose," forms, therefore,
no insufficient exemplification of the fortification
6S THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
of Winchelsea, written, as it was, within a few
years of the completion of that town.
"About him left he no mason
That stone could lay, ne querrour ^
He hired them to make a tour :
And first the roses for to keepe
About them made he a ditch deepe
Right wonder large and also brode
Upon the whiche also stode
Of squared stone a sturdy wall
Which on a cragge was founded all
Tv^ TV" t5* tF tF
Least any time it were assailed
Full well about it was battailed
And round environ eke were set
Full many a rich and faire tournet ^
At every corner of this wall
Was set a tour full principall
And everiche had without fable
A portcuUisse defensable
To keepe off enemies and to greve
That there, her force would preve.^
And eke amid this purprise,'*
Was made a tour of great maistrise.'
* *
^ Quarrier. " Turrett. ^ Prove.
Inclosure. " Masterly work.
4
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 69
That dradde none assaut,
Of ginne/ gonne" nor skaifaut/
The temprure of the mortere
Was made of liquor wonder dere
Of quicke lime persaunt * and egre '
The which was tempered with Vinegre.
^P ^? Tp ^F
And eke within the castle were
Springolds,*^ gonnes bowes and archers,
And eke about at corners
Men seine ' over the wall stond
Great engines, who were nere hond,
And in the kernels^ here and there
Of Arblasters " great plentie were ;
None armour mi^ht their stroke withstond."
'&'
The outer gate of the Fortress of Jealousy, look-
ing towards the east, had thirty servants to
protect it from assault. To another gate, looking
south, certain sergeants were assigned as guard,
The western gate was kept by '' souldiers of
Normandie," and the keeper, from time to time,
' Engine. " Gun.
' Wooden tower used for siege purposes.
* Piercing. ' Sharp.
* Catapults for stones and arrows. ' Seen.
* Battlements. ' Crossbows.
70 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
when it was his niorht watch, marched to the other
gates, blew his instruments, and "with home
pipes of Cornewaile,^ and floytes' made he chs-
cordaunce." There was no standing army in the
thirteenth century, but the mihtary sentiment was
strongly developed in the country, and naturally
found its expression in the new town. The
admirals of the western fleet, the constables of
the ships, the military commanders, were to be
found among the Alards, the Gervases, the
Paulins, the Salernes, the Melewards, and the
higher classes of the local community. Among
the working classes, hereafter mentioned, were
various smiths (faber), workers in iron and steel,
of whom at least five had their habitations, and
whose hammers were to be heard on their anvils
in different quarters of the town, masons, not
only for houses, but for the wall, with a pro-
fessional wall-builder (wallere-wallator), a lance
maker (ferbras), and John Schenchere (schienihe-
rius), a maker of steel jambieres to protect the
thigh. There were several gate-keepers (curtal),
' Cornouaille, in Bretagne. ^ Flutes.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 7 I
a pike-man, John Picard, and Richard Digon the
trumpeter (trompour). And last, though not
least, William le Alblastier, the crossbowman, who
from his powerful, and many-stringed engine, dis-
charged iron bolts and arrows, and was probably
the crack shot of the district, lived near the
trumpeter, opposite St. Thomas's Church. The
" Souldiers of Normandie," chronicled by Chaucer
and hated by the English, would probably have
been found quartered in the Castle or the gates,
or have been encamped, from time to time, on
the King's Green, or in the meadows beyond the
town. Winchelsea had thus a two-fold aspect, for
while its rude battlements of mud and timber,
with its steep and rugged slopes, resembled the
fastness of a mediaeval robber, the quiet seclusion
of its abbey, the chanting of its priests, and the
carillon of its bells, pictured a present refuge for
the wanderer in the time of sickness or of
trouble.
Of the civil, as distinguished from the military
or ecclesiastical portion of the first inhabitants of
Winchelsea, the tradesmen included ten bakers
72 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
(pistor), in various parts, with three bakeries : six
butchers (bochre), with a slaughter-house (le
BocHery), beyond the walls, as required by law,
and near the houses of the tanners : five cooks
(cocus), four cobblers (sutor), one cordwainer, or"
dealer in Cordovan leather, several coopers (cou-
pere), two carpenters, two water-carriers (weterle-
dere), two barber-surgeons, two cutlers (cotilor),
several reapers (ropere), numerous masons (ma-
chon), two shipwrights (schipwerghte), several
ships' caulkers (coggere), two builders of houses
(beilwerghte), and several carters, or cart-makers
(carectarius). Six goldsmiths, gold and silver em-
broiderers, and jewellers (aurifaber), were near the
church, and with them were two gilders (le dore).
The farm bailiff of the monastery (granger), some
fishermen, and two or three chapmen, and dealers in
horses and stock (chepman), were scattered about
the town. There were also a tiler or thatcher
(tegulor), a s_tone-cutter, two tailors (cissor), five
smiths (faber), two grocers (spec-speciarius), two
horse-breakers, Walter and Robert Stoket (stota-
rius), who lived near the tanners, on the hill-side ;
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. '] 2,
several pewterers (potiers), in charge of drinking
vessels, Coraldus, a hotel keeper (tavener), selling
drink but not meat, near the Thorn, and two
keepers of inns or refreshment houses, (bufre) in
other parts. Records of two such inns still exist.
The SaltLtation, an essentially mediaeval sign, was
in the north-eastern corner, overlooking the open
space called Cook's Green, and the Three Kings,
probably of a somewhat later date, stood at the
corner of Bear Square. This spot (from which the
ring and post for bear-baiting and most of the
antient tenements were removed early in this
century, to make way for the quarters of the
soldiers in garrison here to meet Napoleon,) is
now commonly known by the more modern title
of Barrack square.
Walter Spitewymbel, the botcher or needle and
thread man, (spitum-weblum), worked near St.
Leonard's chapel, and two bird-catchers, John and
Henry le Vischre (viscarius), who took their victims
with bird-lime (viscus), lived one in Monday's
Market, and the other in Packham Field. George
Pechun (pecchenarius), the comb-maker, Adam
74 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
Stamer the tin-man, and Ralph Skele (skella) the
bell-maker, also had habitations in the town.
Others also of the artificers, sailors, fishermen,
pilots and shipwrights lived some in cottages
beyond the ramparts, and in somew^hat dangerous
tenements on the Strand, and others on the
pendents of the hill, a part which was called the
onen town, to distino^uish it from that within the
walls.
The bull-rushes and reeds abounding in the
marsh (mariscum), and used for thatching and
makino- of mats, baskets and fishino; weels, were
the subject of grant and of sale in the charter of
exchange entered into between the Kingr and
certain landowners of I den before the settling
of the town of new Winchelsea. Many of the in-
habitants are described as of this occupation, indi-
cating that this also was a considerable industry.
Floors were strewed with rushes, roofs were
thatched wath reeds, rushes were used as wicks for
candies, and for the manufacture of mats which in
most houses supplied the place of carpets and of
rugs. They were also plaited into the fishing
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 75
weels, or basket traps, in which much of the fish
was taken, and into the baskets in which the
rippiers or carriers of the day transported their
bacTQ-aa-e from town to town. Several windmills
are also spoken of by Thomas of Walsingham,
and many of their foundations still remain.
As early as the time of the Conqueror over 285
salt pits are recorded in Domesday Book as exist-
ing in the county of Sussex. This industry lasted
in Winchelsea at least to the time of Henry VI.,
and the return of 1292 finds Philip the Salter (le
seltere) with his salt pits in Bear Square. Tan-
ning, also a great art and mystery of the middle
ages, was well represented. Four tanners or
skinners (peliparius) had locations in the thirty-
first quarter near the great gallows, with a tanyard,
still recognized, at the foot of the Strand hill.^
And one of the sources of revenue collected by
the bailiff was the customs duty on the importation
of woods used for tanning brought by sea from
' The prices for tanning at this time were, for an ox hide,
IS. 2d. ; for a horse hide, lod. ; for a pig's skin, 3^/. Rogers,
vol. i., p. 402.
76 THE STORY OF KING £DWARD
home and foreign ports and landed at Winchelsea.
All these trades and occupations are to be found
in the return of 1 292, but amongst those not clearly-
defined must have been the brewers, the farriers,
the drapers, the millers, and all the varying in-
dustries that combine to make up the life of a
country town. In view of the list of the inhabi-
tants, the number of trades and occupatlons_,in-
dicated is somewhat remarkable. But at that
time, as has been truly remarked by Carlyle,
Ruskin, and other writers, there was hardly an
Englishman to be met with who had not some
occupation, was not a member of some guild, and
was not instructed in some trade or handicraft by
which, if occasion arose, he could assist the com-
munity.
Beyond the walls the country was pastured with
sheep, for then as now wool was one great product
of the county of Sussex, forming no inconsiderable
portion of what Cromwell afterwards described
as " the great staple commodity of the nation."
But in the marshy land and the water-meadows
surrounding the haven, and at the periods when
AND NEW WIN'CHELSEA. ']']
the equinoctial gales swept over the coast, the
sheep were in frequent danger, and, in accordance
with mediaeval reverence or superstition, the
leeend on the barons' seal, reco^nizinp" the risk
to Winchelsea owners, invokes the intervention of
the patron saints, Thomas and Giles, to preserve
their flocks from injury by flood or tempest.^
There are many names at whose occupations
guesses can only be made. Le Hore was probably
horarius, the timekeeper, who sang out from time
to time the hour of the day or night. Le Hane
may have been the clerk of the hanaper, or an
official connected with the Ancrlo-Saxon hanicr.
Adam Vader may have been vadiator, the official
executor or trustee. Many are obviously nick-
names, or those of personal description, thus, Gal-
fridus Parvus w^as little Wilfred, Galfridus Pon-
derosus was clearly Wilfrid the pompous ; John
Mannekyn was the dwarf; Radulphus Favel
(favellus) was Randolph the red-headed. Cok
was a complimentary affix, and Mite was sup-
1 (1
Egidio Thome Laudum Plebs Cantica Prome : Ne Sit In
Angaria Grex Suus Amne Via.'
/S THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
posed to mean that the person was joint tenant
with others in his holding. Dominus was a
prefix of honour not necessarily meaning that
the person was a lord.' Among other names
is " Standanore," on the north side of the
town with one-sixteenth of an acre. Whether
this was the name of a person or of a place I
know not ; the only analogy of which I am aware
is at Hastino-s, where "Rockanore" indicates a
rocky spot at the northernmost point of the boun-
daries of the town.
Of the gentry or official personages, the bailiff
occupied the Court Hall, or King's House, situate
on the third strada, or highway, and in the eighth
quarter, a block occupied almost exclusively by
the Alards and their connexions of the Gervase
family. The mayor of Winchelsea for the time
' In considering this return I have been assisted by Kelham's
" Norrnan Dictionary"; " Proniptorium Parvulorum et Cleri-
corura," published by the Camden Society; Wright's " Court
Hand Restored " ; Tyrwhitt's "Glossary to Chaucer"; Maigne
D'Arnis' "Lexicon Medise et Infimas Latinitatis " ; Stratmann's
"Middle English Dictionary"; " Glossary of Mediaeval Latin
Words," by Thomas Wright, F.S.A.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 79
being (major de Wynchelsea quicunque fuerit)
lived in the twenty-seventh quarter in a thatched
house on the top of the chfF beyond the monastery
of the Grey Friars, where he occupied an acre of
land for which the corporation paid a rent to the
king of 40^/. per annum. The character of his
house is indicated by an entry in the accounts for
1 2,^T, of the payment of 4c/. for a thatch, being two
days' work, to his worship's house/ John Pontre
(pontanerius), the receiver of the customs dues of
the port, lived near the pound in the twentieth
quarter. Nicholas the forester, appointed by the
crown to protect the royal domain, lived near the
Grey Friars. Thomas, the serjeant at mace, (le
mas), lived in the coney field ; the rector of St.
Giles, in the field at the back of the present rectory,
w'here St. Giles's Church formerly stood ; William
the crossbowman (lealblastier), opposite the church
in the fourteenth quarter ; Richard Digon, the
trum.peter (le trompour), not far from the cross-
bowman, on the south side of the churchyard,
while Batecock, the ferryman, (le passur), lived
' " Pro uno storio ad domum communem iiij^."
So THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
with his son, Gerald, under St. Leonard's Church,
and near St. Leonard's Well, from which point at
that time the ferry started. Richard Scott and
Robert Codelaw, the latter one of the constables
of the king's ships, descended from a justiciar of
Henry II L,^ described as<'/6'/^r^(of the command),
a name afterwards bestowed on the barons ap-
pointed under Edward 11. to reform and settle
the kingdom, were near the church, and, together
with the bailiff, represented the royal authority.
The family of De Rackele, originally of Rochelle
in France, who had taken part in the baron's war,
and had supplied a justice to the King's Bench,'
together with Henry de Rackele, the first known
mayor of Rye, along with the Tristrams, held
lands in the open town towards Udimore Ferry.
Of the legal element, in addition to the bailiff,
the mayor, and the serjeant-at-mace, Philip Matib
(matibernus), a name peculiar to the English judges
of mediaeval times and describing the district
judge, lived in the second quarter in a house of
which the remains with a crypt still exist, and
' Foss's "Judges," vol. ii. p. 456. " Ibid., vol. ii. p. 473.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 8 1
near him, in the same quarter, was Wilham
Pret (pretiator), the official appraiser. Walter
Schyve, (schivinarius), the echevin or magis-
trate and assessor to the bailiff, with William
Denote, his notarial clerk, lived together in a
house on the King's Green at the other end
of the town. In immediate proximity to these,
and close to his worship the mayor for the
time being, was the home of Stephen Fachel
(fachilator), the soothsayer or fortune teller
and caster of horoscopes and nativities, a some-
what uncanny neighbour for these respectable
personages. There were also to be found
Nicholas Whif, (wifare), the local brander, and
Hamo, the attorney and defender of prisoners,
(campio).
Among other distinguished immigrants was Sir
Roger de Lewknore in the seventeenth quarter, a
son of Sir Nicholas de Lewknore, keeper of the
King's wardrobe under Henry III. Sir Roger,
who succeeded his father in that honourable and
lucrative office, was brother to Sir Geoffry de
Lewknore, one of the King's Justices Itinerant, in
G
82 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
the reio-n of Edward I.^ Andrew and William
Passelewe, who were also among the first settlers,
held offices in the Exchequer, and were persons of
large property in the county of Sussex,- for which
some of them sat as Knights of the Shire. The
name de Bosco in the first quarter suggests that of
a Judge of Assize in the time of Edward I., and as
the Judge married a daughter of Sir Nicholas
Tregoz, formerly one of the tenants in capitc of the
king at Winchelsea, it is probably the same person.
Justice de Bosco, however, was dismissed with
disgrace for purloining a king's writ,^ and substi-
tuting for it another more suited to his purpose
and he may therefore be omitted from the list of
Winchelsea worthies.
Several hostelries or vintners, as I have suggested,
are indicated in the return, and in addition to the
arrangements for bear baiting, there appear, in
accordance with the sporting proclivities of the age,
to have been kennels for hounds (cannere) on the
^ Foss's "Judges," vol. iii. p. 117.
" Ibid., vol. iii. p. 2S6.
' Ibid., vol. iii. p. 56.
AXn NEW WINXHELSEA. S^
outskirts of the town. There is no record of a
royal mint having been estabhshed at new Win-
"cheTsea, though it is said that silver coins struck
at old Winchelsea by king Edgar, a.d. 950, have
been found. Edward the Confessor's moneyer,
Goldpine, certainly struck silver pennies, some
of which were recently found near Battle, at old
Winchelsea marked " One Incle," conclusively
showing that at some period a royal mint
existed there. And as it was the custom for the
kinors of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries to
carry their moneyers or minters in their train,
a plot allotted to Thomas called Bowi Moitnyer
near the spot called Little Truncheon's or
Trojan's Hall, suggests the possibility of coining
to some extent having taken place while the King
was here in residence. This supposition is to
some extent confirmed by the fact that Henry HI.
had a moneyer named Thomas, though it is not
known at what town he worked.^
Dovecotes or pigeon houses, the existence of
' Rucling, "Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain,'" vol. i.
p. 190.
$4 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
which Is frequently recited in old grants of pro-
perty in and about Winchelsea, also formed part
of the equipment of this antient town. They
were buildings generally of stone or of brick, and
were capable of holding many hundreds and some-
times even thousands of birds, which were sold in
the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries at 3^. per
dozen. The number of these erections was, how-
ever, controlled by law, the right to have a dove-
cote or to keep doves or pigeons being limited to
a class which might be described as the gentry,
namely, lords of manors who were entitled to build
them on their manors, and freeholders who might
build them on their freeholds. At a later period
the depredations which these pigeons committed
on the corn and the orrain of modest cultivators,
gave rise, as Selden tells us in his " Table Talk,"
to great searchings of heart among many puritan
landowners. They were, however, advised by
that eminent jurist that inasmuch as a right to
keep pigeons involved a right in the pigeons to
feed where they chose, the puritan conscience
mio^ht rest undisturbed. The existence of these
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 85
dovecotes, therefore, in such numbers as to
warrant their recital in a charter, indicates the
social position and independence of many of the
early inhabitants.
Of society, in the modern acceptation of the
phrase, there was probably little in Winchelsea for
the knightly or noble class. Hastings, with its old
castle even then falling into ruin, was not a very
flourishing community. Centuries before old Win-
chelsea fell a victim to tKe fury of the tempests,
a^irnlTIar fate had overtaken the oriolnal Port of
Hastings, and the new Port which had since sprung
up, and of which some remains are still to be
seen, had failed to carry with it the power or the
prestige of the old. And from the moment that
the citizens of Hastings pusillanimously opened
their gates to the foreign invader and declared
against the claims of Harold the national leader,
its decadence seems to have been assured. Battle,
a great ecclesiastical and military station, was
nearly twenty miles away, and the great wood lay
between it and Winchelsea. Rye was essentially
a burgher community, wanting in that naval and
86 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
military pre-eminence which gave a courtly tone
to its sister town. At Bodiam and at Hurst-
monceux are the remains of great feudal castles,
but the former was not erected until the troubles
of Richard II. again stimulated the zeal of the
nobility to build and fortify their homes as castles,
and the latter is not earlier than the reign of
Henry V. The Oxenbridges, related to the
Alards, lived in a great house at Brede, probably
near the spot where Brede Place now stands.
The Etchinghams lived at Udimore, were friends
of the Royal Family and received them in their
home ; the Ashburnhams were as ever at Broom-
ham, and the Dalinbrigges, whose names con-
stantly appear in the archives of Winchelsea and
of Rye, were at Bodiam. But access to Winchelsea
was difficul t, its area was restricted by ramparts
and by water, and it is probable that the tilting,
the tournament, and the tennis in which the high-
born people delighted, were seen but rarely in its
vicinity.
For the merchants and traders, however, there
would seem to have been pleasure enough, and the
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 87
frequent charges in the borough accounts for the
hire of horses and for escorts to Dover, to Romney,
to London, and even occasionally for visits to the
coast of France, with corresponding entertainments
of strano^ers, indicate a considerable amount of
sociable intercourse and festivity. The forest
would, notwithstanding the forest-laws, have pro-
vided small game for the men, and the marshes
would have found them hares for their greyhounds,
while the rabbits would have gratified the sporting
propensities of the young women who, according
to the chronicles and drawings of the period, loved
to hunt them with ferrets or to shoot them with
arrows. ^
The exact social and political position of women
in the middle aoes, is even now a somewhat
debateable question. Probably it was, in some
respects, not altogether dissimilar to that of the
barbarians where the single woman and the widow
have the same rights of property and freedom of
action that are possessed by men, but where the
married woman passes into the hands of her
' See Wright's "Womankind in Western Europe," p. 228.
88 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
husband to become in all instances subject to his
control, and in many his slave, liable to his caprice
and even to chastisement at his good pleasure.
The time had long since passed away when
women in free and uncontroLed independence
accompanied their husbands to the field and
shared with them the dangers and the honours of
war. The Anglo-Saxon woman, who for years
exercised her healthy influence over the nation,
would seem of all types and times to have been at
once the most womanly, the most estimable, and
the most independent. IMany familiar names of
these Ancrlo-Saxon wives and daughters have
descended to us with chronicles of their kindly
and courageous lives, and looking back on the
history of their period, we see them as amiable
and as chaste in their manners as they were
Qfraceful and artistic in the almost Athenian
simplicity of their attire. In the course of time,
however, the remembrance of these Anglo-Saxon
women had, among the upper classes, almost
passed away, and the introduction, or rather the
accentuation of feudalism in England by the
AND NEW WIN'CHELSEA. 89
Norman kings had produced a race of women
who differed as much from their Anglo-Saxon
predecessors as did the Norman Baron from the
Saxon Earl. The spirit of imperial feudalism,
with the multiplication of Norman strongholds
and the cult of chivalry engendered by the
crusades, had placed high-born women, who
were the ladies of the castle in the prolonged
absences of their lords, and to whose influence
it was the fashion to attribute the doughty
deeds of knights and squires, in a position
which raised them for a time in public estima-
tion and in social power far above any of their
predecessors. But by the beginning of the
thirteenth century the position of women had
again assumed a different phase. The homespun
simplicity of the English had given place to the
embroidered luxury of the Franks. The woman
of high social rank took little if any part in public
affairs, the many hours spent in her castle were
devoted to tapestry, to amusement, to dress and
to frivolity, and the knight and the squire who in
the anxiety and stress of war bore her scarf as
90 TIIK STORY OF KING EDWARD
the emblem of a sacred fidelity, now in the time of
comparative peace engaged in a persistent crusade
for her destruction. Of all the epochs of our
national life, not even excepting that which imme-
diately followed His Majesty's blessed Restoration
in 1660, the reign of the Plantagenets contributes
the most discreditable page to the history of our
women. Spinsters and widows were bought and
sold as wards of the King, or of his tenants-in-
chief, divorces for reasons of convenience or
caprice were granted almost as of course, nunneries
had become the homes of vice and debauchery,
and the barons and nobles were themselves
embarrassed by the extravagance of their wives
and of their households. The demoralization which
thus affected the women of the upper class spread
with equal virulence among those of an inferior
position. My Lady Eglantyne the Prioress, who
is described as so well bred, that, in an age before
the invention of the knife and fork, she reached
her food so daintil}' that she neither greased her
fingers nor soiled her dress, ma}- have been an
exact type of some of the more prudent and
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 9 I
cultivated dames, but I think that the cloth-making
wife of Bath, with her scarlet stockings, her sharp
spurs, and her five husbands, was probably a more
true representative of the general community of
women. These, however, notwithstanding all
their failings as described by contemporary writers
and romancists, still trimmed the lamp of memory,
still bore in lovino- remembrance their Anq-lo-
Saxon ancestresses, retained some of their customs
and traditions, perpetuated among their children
some few of their names, and transmitted to future
generations the stabilit)-. the independence, and
the individualit)-, which have been at the same
time the jest of our enemies and the salvation of
our soil. New Winchelsea in its uni que pos ition,
containing within its walls both the high-born
woman""©"! the Court, and the middle-class woman
of the commercial world, was an almost exceptional
instan ce of the combination of the two classes in
the same town : and it was therefore with some
interest that I looked forward to finding in the
archives of this mediceval city some records or
some traditions that would shed at least a sjjark
92 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
of light Upon the actual position and personal his-
tory of the women who during the dynasty of the
Plantagenets helped to people new W uichels^. I
learn, however, to my great regret, nothing of them
but their names. Of the married women and the
children there is no record. They pass with the
families of the various householders. Of the free
women, widows and heiresses, who had land
allotted to them in the new town, there were in all
forty-eight, of whom twelve were widows. Their
surnames do not indicate any occupation, while
their Christian names are mostly Norman ; Saxon,
as might be expected, being almost entirely absent.
They are as follows: Alice (4), Agnes (2), Bea-
trix, Christiana, Cronnok, Dionese, Goda (2),
Isabella, (2), Johanna (3), Juliana (4), Lucy, touch-
ingly described as "called Douce "(gracious),
Marjory (2), Millicent, Muriel, Mabille (3),
Matilda {5), Stace, Rose, and Salerna. In addi-
tion to these, no less than twelve bore the now
unremembered name of Petronilla. Saints, like
sinners their patrons, have their seasons and their
followers, which vary with the ever-chancrino-
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 93
moods of human fancy. Petronilla has long
ceased to be In request, the very name, corrupted
to parnel, is only recognized in our language as the
former desiofnation of a wanton or a slut. She was
a saint of purely Norman origin, and although it
is said that the French Ambassador on his arrival
in Rome still pays his respects to her shrine in St.
Peters, yet her chantry has been for centuries
broken up and dispersed, and it is only within the
present generation that the investigations of
Roman antiquaries have discovered its site.
St. Peters mother-in-law, as we read, once
lay sick of a fever, from which the monks ap-
pear to have argued that probably other of St.
Peter's relations were peculiarly susceptible to
fevers, and that having themselves been in such
evil case they would be the more kindly disposed
towards any unhappy victims of the same dis-
order. Upon this not very substantial founda-
tion they would seem to have constructed a
legend that St. Peter had a daughter or a sister
(it is not very clear which) who, born of great
beauty of face and comeliness of figure, was
94 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
by the will of her father the Apostle visited
with palsy, accompanied by great fevers and
aches. These naturally qualified her to become
the patron saint of all those unfortunate persons,
of whom in the middle ages there were many
thousands, who suffered from agues and cramps.
She was called Petronilla, or little female Peter,
and in addition to showinof her groodness to
febriles and rheumatics, she used her kindly
offices to protect the households of her votaries
from the evil influence of the white witch. In
such character Chaucer, in the Millere's Tale,
makes the carpenter thus apostrophise her :
"Jesu Crist and Seint Benedight
Blesse this hous from every wicked wight.
Fro the nightesmare, the wite Pater noster :
Wher wonest ' thou Seint Peter's soster?"
It may well be that the inhabitants of old
Winchelsea frequently called on St. Peter's "sos-
ter," or " doghter," from their cold and windy
swamp, and gratefully dedicated their children
to the saint who, in answer to their prayers,
' Dwellest.
AND NEW WIXCHELSEA. 95
had relieved their aches and pains : or, on the
other hand, as is indeed more probable, it may
be that Petronilla, as a patron saint, was, for
no particular reason, then in fashion among the
Normans as Marie and Elizabeth, whose names
are curiously absent from this female role,
afterwards became. Another lecrend attaching
to her declares that her great beauty induced
Count Flaccus, a noble Roman, to come with a
troop of soldiers and demand her in marriage.
I'o this the damsel replied that if he really
desired her as his wife, he should dismiss his
warriors and provide her instead with a more
suitable escort of maids and matrons. To this
the Count acceded. But w^hen, after some da)s,
this peaceful band arrived, they found that the
expected bride had starved herself to death.
Accepting the then assumed sanctification of a
female celibate, they tenderly carried her to
her grave in the tomb of Flavia Domitilla,
where a parti)' erased inscription bears the still
legible words, " Aur/E Petronill/E Fili/E Dul-
cissiM/E." St. Petronilla was soon vulgarized
-I
CO
X
<
i4
r-'
AND NEW WIxNXHELSEA. 97
into St. Pernel, then as Parnel became a word of
reproach, and some two centuries ago disappeared
altogether from the common vocabulary of our
people, though the name is still to be met with
in Northern France. The women of Winchelsea,
however, had under its custumal, which was in
fact their charter, this in common with the
women of London, that married and single could
trade alike, and if a married trader were sued
for her debts, her husband was not necessarily
made a party to the suit.
The number of hous eholds indicated in the
return of 1292, and I have not gone outside that ""7^3 ^
return in the foregoing sketch, is seven hundred
aad^^irty, in addition to which there were
seventy-nine plots enfranchised for building, with
rents fixed and_tenants__admitted, on the north
side of the town, below St. Katherine's well, on
the sea shore looking towards Rye. Some few
of the names appear in duplicate, and it is
necessary, therefore, in respect of this to make a
sllfjht deduction : but, assuminof that most of the
households were those of married people, that
H
gS THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
there were children, servants, apprentices and
strangers whose names would not appear in the
list, and making a moderate addition for the
residents beyond the radius of the town, who
would still take part in its life and contribute to
its numbers and prosperity, I believe that when
the curfew tolled in the antient town at the
beginning of the fourteenth century it sounded
the hour of rest for not less than four thousand
souls, exclusive of the soldiers and of the sailors
of the fleet.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 99
IV.
The thirteenth century was a period of profuse
though of barbaric splendour. The habits of
men and women were gorgeous and luxurious, in
silks and in furs, in lace and in embroidery, while
the trappings of the horses, and the gold and
silver chasing of the armour gave brilliancy and
richness to the scene. Costumes were as varied
as they were numerous ; merchants, students,
warriors, noblemen, clergy, mariners and villeins,
each bore a distinctive dress, and the sailors of
the Winchelsea squadron wore, somewhat after
the manner of the Crusaders, a white shirt em-
broidered with a red cross, and with the arms of
Winchelsea on the breast — a uniform rendered
compulsory at a later date by an Act of King
Henry VIII. The numerous signs exhibited by
merchants, tradesmen, artificers and vintners
added life to the picture, which was also lighted
up by the tents and banners of the various
lOO THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
military commanders pitched on the summit or
on the sides of the hill. Thus was the Win-
chelsea of the Plantagenets gayan^"" martial,
business-like and picturesque.
It was also the scene of a crreat national and
political episode, which, though too little dilated
upon by modern writers, exalted Winchelsea into
little less than a second Runnymede. Edward, a
great king-.-ar-^Teat law-giver, a lover of justice,
and one of the founders of our constitution, was,
by his veryTorce of character, imperious and self-
assertive, and while willing to be bound by the
limits of law, refused to submit to any restraint
not definitely and precisely imposed by custom
or by statute. The Barons, on the other hand,
having tasted of the freedom of constitutional
life, having imposed their will on the king's pre-
decessors, and standing on their rights under the
great Charter of King John, were bent on ex-
tending the operation of that Charter, and on
contracting rather than expanding the royal
prerogative. The differences between these two
great parties culminated in the autumn of 1297.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. lOI
The King having, as he thought, quieted the
apprehensions of his opponents, left his palace at
Westminster, ordered a rendezvous of his ships
in Winchelsea haven in the month of September,
and took up his abode in the antient town, wait-
ing the arrival of the knights and men-at-arms
summoned to accompany his army into Flanders.
Instead of these military adventurers there ap-
peared before the gates of Winchelsea a deputa-
tion from the nobles and the barons of England
with a list of grievances, for which they demanded
redress of the King before a grant of money
could be made or the barons would aQfree to
accompany him abroad. They complained, ac-
cording to Thomas of Walsingham,^ that the
Great Charter had been violated, that to meet the
Kind's necessities unlawful seizures had been
made of corn, leather, cattle and wool, that an
illegal duty had been put upon the small quantity
of wool liable to exportation, and that the forest
laws were enforced with undue harshness and
' Ypodigma neustria;, a.d. 1297, Humt; also jjlaces this
scene in the town of Winchelsea.
I02 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
rigour. Of these grievances they claimed an
immediate redress, coupled with a solemn re-
affirmation of the Great Charter, which they
feared might otherwise have appeared to have
been surrendered.
Sir John de Kirkeby, the King's powerful and
resolute minister, now lay in his grave near the
High Altar in Ely Cathedral, and there was no
one competent to take his place. The position was
accordingly one of difficulty and of danger, both
to the King and to the country. The King was
challenged in his pride and in the fullness of his
power, within the walls of the great port that he
had just founded, within earshot of the fleet that
was rapidly assembling, and on the eve of an ex-
pedition undertaken in the dearest interests of
England. The deputation, on the other hand, were
courteous and considerate, but determined. A
delay that the King might consult his council was
at once granted. "If they would not sail with
him, would they at least guarantee to protect the
country in his absence ? " They would do so, if
his Majesty would be graciously pleased to lend a
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. IO3
favourable ear to their request. And thus King
and barons stood face to face in the great square
of WInchelsea, as eighty years before King and
barons had stood face to face on the banks of the
Thames. A word of impatience on the part of the
Kmg, a moment of flinching on the part of the
barons, and the whole country might have been
plunged into civil war. But the King knew the
temper of his subjects — he had learnt early in his
life what King Charles only learnt on the scaffold,
not to drive theEnglish people to extremes, and
he recotrnized that the barons in their demands
were within the limits of reason and of right. Like
a great statesman and a powerful ruler, he knew
by intuition when to make concessions, and by
frankly accepting the position he secured at once
the peace of the country and the confidence of the
people. These, not grasping the actual situation,
saw only a voluntary act of the King who, on
leavinof their shores for a foreio^n adventure,
renewed their ^rreat charter of freedom and ex-
tended its provisions in response to popular de-
mands. " Send the deed after me," said the King,
I04 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
"and I will sign it"; and the barons, taking him
at his word, obtained in due course the royal seal
from the monarch under the walls of Ghent. Thus,
after a lapse of eighty-two years, were the great
principles of Magna Charta confirmed at Win-
chelsea, and the bonds of constitutional government
rl vetted on to the kings of England. From that
time to the present Magna Charta has been the
great political champion of the English people, and
if Runnymede was the field of its birth, Winchelsea
was assuredly the city of its maturity.
The whole place is redolent of the King and of
his Oueens, Elinor and Marcraret. On his tjreat
excursions to France and to Flanders, he embarked
and landed at the port of Winchelsea. His wife
and his children were constantly passing through
the town, and at a later period his great-grandson,
Edward the Black Prince, sailed from Winchelsea
on that Spanish expedition which, to the great grief
of the country, cost him his life. His fleets held
their rendezvous in Winchelsea Haven, He
rested there and at Udimore to superintend the
operations at his new town. He directed the
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. Ip5
scheme of the fortifications, which at first con-
sisting almost entirely of earthworks to the height
of about six feet, with small openings for the
archers and the watchmen, developed at a later
date under Edward III. to some extent into
a walled town. On one occasion, having ridden
over from Brede to review his fleet that was
assembled in the harbour to convey his army
to Flanders, he was like to have lost his life,
and to have been laid with his Admiral in the
Parish Church. He was saved, however, by the
long shanks, which have become part of his name,
and which gave him the needful grip of the saddle.
The story is told by Thomas of Walsingham
(" Historia Anglicana ") : the spot referred to is
near the roundel or watch tower, the gate was
the ferry gate, and a portion of the zigzag still
remains cut through the rock. I give the following
as a translation : —
" The King went to Winchelsea to review the
fleet which had assembled in the harbour for the
purpose of transporting his army to Flanders.
But the town of Winchelsea where the harbour
I06 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
was situate is placed on a hill, wTth a steep ascent
upon the side which faces the sea near where the
fleet was at anchor. Thence lies a road which
leads down to the harbour of the open town, not in
a straight line, lest by a too steep incline it should
cause those who descend to fall over the precipice,
or those who ascend rather to scramble up with
their hands than to walk, but by a zigzag down
the side, now in one direction now in another,
continually slanting in winding curves. The upper
town, moreover, is surrounded not by a stone wall,
but by a rampart made of earth, and raised above
the rugged sides in a remarkable way to the height
of a man's stature, and between its battlements is
an open view of the fleet. The King accordingly
entered the town, but when he rode up to these
battlements on the rampart to see the fleet drawn
up below, he approached too near a mill (of which
there are very many in that town), which was
being driven by the wind. His horse, frightened
at the noise of the sails which the wind drove
faster and faster, refused to advance, and, being
urged on by the King, now with blows of a whip
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. lO/
which he carried in his hand, now with diors of the
spur, turned restive and leaped over the rampart.
Whereupon the crowd of horsemen and people on
foot, who were either followers of the King or had
come out to see him, one and all thinking that the
King, unprepared for the fall, must certainly perish,
stood as if thunder-stricken. But by a divine dis-
pensation of Providence, the horse landed on his
feet on the road which we have described. Along
this, which, owing to the recent rainfall, was in
certain places loosened into mud, the horse slid
for about twelve paces, and, though stumbling
about, did not actually fall, so that the King turned
him round with the rein, and rode him straight up
to the gate. When he passed through the gate
uninjured, the people standing round were filled
with great joy and wonder in contemplation of the
divine miracle by which the King was preserved."
In July, I 307, the King, JMallcits Scotoriun, on his
way north to hammer the Scots, died at Burgh-le-
Sands. His body was carried to London and laid
in Westminister Abbey under a monument which,
in its rugged strength and severe simplicity, lorms
I08 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
an apt tribute to the qualities of the monarch.
Every second year during the dynasty of the
Plantaganets the tomb was re-opened, and the
wax of the King's cerecloth was renewed. From
the death of the last Plantagenet the remains
were undisturbed until, in the year 1774, a spirit of
antiquarian research led to the contents of the se-
pulcre being once more inspected/ The King was
found lying in a coffin of Purbeck marble resting
on a bed of shingle. He was clothed in royal
state, with jewelled robes and cloth of gold, holding
in one hand the sceptre surmounted by the cross,
and in the other the rod bearing the figure of a
dove with closed wings fashioned in white enamel.
Those who were present recognized the monarch's
long, lean and erect figure, measuring even then
more than six feet two inches in length, with the
features distinctly traced, and bearing a close
resemblace to the effigy of the King still to be
seen over the tomb of Gervase Alard in Winchel-
sea church.
^ " Tombs of the Kings of England," p. 262. " Memorials of
Westmister Abbey," p. 12c.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. lOQ
V.
I HAVE no reason to suppose that Edward II.
was ever at Winchelsea, although he gave the
town a charter, and founded the Grey Friars, the
^.
graceful ruins of whose chapel, dedicated to the
Virgin, still exist. Edward III., however, spent
almost as much time there as did his grandfather,
Edward I. He used the port of Winchelsea in
passing and repassing between England and
^"France, and when, in May, 1329, he sailed from
Dover, he selected a ship of Winchelsea to carry
him and his suite. Numerous orders, writs, and
proclamations signed by the King and tested at
Winchelsea, show the frequency of his visits.
In August, 1346, King Edward and the Black
Prince fought the battle of Crecy on a deserted plain
between St. Valery and Abbeville, about ninety
miles in a direct line from the eates of W^inchelsea.
On the inaccessible slope of the hill on the water
side, not far from the rabbit warren, is one of the
IIO THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
largest rookeries in the county of Sussex. These
rooks, whose nests in their tree tops are not much
above the level of the town, salute with their caw-
ing every arrival and departure, and keep awake
the early sleepers by their quarrelling and fighting
before finally settling to rest. They are one of the
features of Winchelsea, and with the herons from
Brede have existed from time immemorial. With
the archers and men-at-arms who left this port to
join the King in his campaign they must have been
familiar friends, whom they probably little expected
to meet again in Normandy. The general features
of this great battle, as described by Froissart, are
well known, and amongst them it is recorded that
while the Arblastiers or crossbowmen, beine the
first line of the Eno^lish force, sat on the eround
waiting at their ease the attack of the French and
their allies from Genoa, a large flock of rooks
hovered persistently over the heads of the French,
cawing loudly. William le Arblastier, John le
Picard, and the other yeomen of Winchelsea,
their comrades or their descendants, fiehtine for
their king and their country, may well have
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. I I T
laughed at the flight of the rooks, or have
regarded them as a supernatural indication of
the slauo-hter of their enemies. And as the rooks
welcomed the King to Picardy on the great day
of Crecy, so also the herons are reported In
contemporary chronicles to have been concerned
in the invasion. The heron, though a bird of
considerable size and strength, measuring usually
six feet from point to point of wing, would never
face the falcon, and was held the most craven of
the feathered flock. Count d'Artois, It was said,
wishing to excite the military ardour of the English
monarch, who was for the moment devoted to peace
and domesticity, dressed a heron, placed it on a
silver dish, and caused it to be laid before the king
by two maidens of the Court, " I present," said
he, " the most cowardly bird of the air to the most
cowardly monarch upon earth, for as the heron will
never meet but always flies from his foe, so the
English King skulks from the presence of the King
of France, who has deprived him of his birthright
and now occupies his territory," This courageous
but well-timed reproof roused the martial spirit of
112 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
the King, who deplored his long inactivity, and
calling to his side his nobles and his retainers they
all, tocrether with the Oueen and her ladies, laid
their hands upon the breast of the heron and vowed
with quaint mediaeval oaths to prepare at once for
an invasion of France, and never to sheath the
sword or desist from war till they had placed King
Edward in the enjoyment of his rights.^ And the
enthusiasm of the English women was well re-
warded by the result, as, according to the Old
Monk of St. Albans, there was hardly a woman of
any name who was not enriched with the spoils
of Caen, Calais and Crecy, with furs and em-
broideries, with cups and ornaments of gold and
silver, so that they seemed rather to be gorgeous
matrons of France, than simple English wives.^
In August 1350 a great sea fight with the
Spaniards, ending in the capture of twenty-six
Spanish Galleons, and the destruction of many
more, took place in R)'e bay partly within sight
' The Vows of the Heron. " Poems and Songs," etc. vol. i.
p. I.
Thomas of Walsingham, vol. i, p. 272.
AND NEW WIXCIIELSEA. II3
of the citizens of Winchelsea, who manned the
walls and crowded the public buildings. Of all
the captains of the English fleet one only, John
Baddyng, is mentioned in the songs which cele-
brate King Edward's battles.^ John Baddyng was
a Winchelsea man, his family had been mayors
and bailiffs, and his ancestor, Robert Baddyng,
in the time of Edward I., was constable of La
Lunge Cog. He appears in the Winchelsea
return with a complimentary prefix as Cok
Baddyng, and in 1294 he took the sea at his
monarch's summons. In the battle of 1350 the
King and the Black Prince took part, each com-
manding a ship of the Winchelsea squadron ; and
each losing his own ship while capturing his
opponent. When victory was assured to the
English arms, after a desperate and bloody
encounter, the King and the Prince landing at
Winchelsea with most of their commanders, with-
i " I prays John Baddyng als one of the best :
Faire came he sayland out of the suth-west :
To prove of tha Normandes was he ful prest
Till he had foghten his fill, he had never rest."
Political Poems and Songs, etc., vol. i. p. 71.
I
114 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
out waiting for bite or sup mounted their horses,
and emulating the gallantry of the Crusaders, rode
off to the Queen to be the first to convey to her
the news of their victory, and the assurance of
their safety. She was living, according to some, in
one of the religious houses at Winchelsea, accord-
ing to others at Sir John de Etchingham's, now
the Old Court Farm at Udimore, where her fears
and anxiety had been excited by the accounts
hourly brought by her attendants, who, with the
citizens of Winchelsea, had been spectators of the
battle. Nor was the alarm that these women felt
at all unreasonable. For a sea-fight in the middle
ages was a combat of individual prowess between
ship and ship, and between man and man, waged
without mercy, without humanity and without
quarter ; when the captured vessel was preserved
if whole, or sunk if damaged, and in either event
every man on board was slaughtered on the deck
or thrown over to the waves.
Some three hundred years afterwards Winchel-
sea again saw a similar sight. In 1652, when the
Dutch were disputing with us the sovereignty of
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. I I 5
the seas, the citizens, one morning in the month of
August, found a Dutch fleet of forty-four men-of-
war, under Admiral de Witt, anchored in Rye
Bay, Blake and the main body of the English
fleet were awav in Scotland, and the Dutch, after
plundering the fishing boats and seeing that at
night the whole country side fired their beacons,
left the bay and pursued their hostilities elsewhere.
But Blake, the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports,
was quickly down from Scotland, and on the 14th
September the entire English fleet, with their
Admiral's flao- hoisted on the " Resolution," a man-
of-war of the first class mounting brass guns, rode
at anchor under the cliffs of Winchelsea watchinof
for the enemy. On the 27th of September, in a
gale of wind, at about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the
action commenced, and was fought out, during that
and the following day, in the channel between Mar-
gate and Beachy Head. There were great losses
of ships and of men on both sides, but the English
gained what Clarendon describes as a " stupendous
victory," drove the Dutch to their ports, and so far
destroyed their naval power, that when in the
Il6 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
following summer Admiral Von Tromp, with a re-
organized fleet, and with the historical broom at
his mast-head with which he was to sweep the
English from the seas, again engaged our ships
in the Channel, Blake and his officers in another
two days' fight broke up their fleet, drove them
back once more into their ports, and compelled
them to -sue for terms of peace. ^
But the reio'n of Kinor Edward III. was a time
of bloodshed and of sorrow for Winchelsea. His
great victories, and his long and prosperous career
hardly compensated the citizens of the antient
town for their sufferings by war. On three suc-
cessive occasions the town was pillaged by the
French ; churches and other public buildings were
burned, and the male inhabitants, armed and un-
armed, were indiscriminately put to the sword. In
1357, the French, taking advantage of the absence
of King Edward in France, made a descent upon
Winchelsea, burning, plundering, and massacring.
Tradition reports, with circumstantial detail, the
' Clarendon, vol. iii. 463, 487. Whitelock, vol. iii. 421, 445,
447, 458; vol. iv. 23, 27. St. Pa. 1652, 1653.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. II7
outrao-es committed on defenceless women and
children, and special reference is made to the case
of one beautiful and highborn lady who was
barbarously murdered within the precincts of St.
Thomas's Church. Dead Man's Lane, near the
Rectory, where the victims of the massacre were
buried, recalls the misery of the period when, of
ninety-four houses in W'inchelsea, not one contained
anything upon which a distress could be levied for
the King's rents, and fifty-two houses and a mill
burnt by the French were still in ruins. The
news of this calamity called all England to arms.
Englishmen of all ranks, bishops and priests, barons
and squires, clergy and laity alike, joined in a
o-eneral enlistment to avenge the inhuman treatment
of their fellow citizens. The King, then warring in
Burgundy, changed his plan of campaign and
marched on Paris. The citizens of London, allied
with the barons of Winchelsea in commerce as
in defence, raised an immediate fund for warlike
purposes, and sent at their own cost to the haven
of Winchelsea eighty ships and fourteen thousand
archers. Hostilities were at once renewed. The
I 1 8 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
Londoners and their allies from the ports ravaged
the coast of Normandy, and captured the Island
of Caiix, but the French sued for peace, and
other interests intervenino- the Kine. in the
following; year, desisted from the pursuit of his
enemies, and the injuries to Winchelsea were
unavenged — " hostibus illis vale facientibus cum
cachinno." ^
A great wave of calamity also passed over the
country in the middle of the fourteenth century,
which doubtless had its effect on Winchelsea, and
caused to some extent the desolation depicted
by the writer from whom I have quoted. The
Black Death, precursor of the plague which
culminated and disappeared in the seventeenth
century, raged throughout the entire kingdom from
1348 to 1350. During this period, it is stated,
with every probability of truth, that nearly one half
of the agricultural population of England was
destroyed. Within three years of the appearance
of this scourge, farms were unlet, houses were un-
occupied, labour was unprocurable, the whole face
' Thomas of Walsingham, vol. i. p. 287.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. IIQ
of the agricultural community was changed, and a
revolution was silently effected in the political and
social relations of the lord and his retainer, which
laid the foundation for the ultimate abolition of
feudal tenures.
And what the fury of war and of pestilence had
spared to the town, hostile winds and waves now
combined to destroy. The gradual " inning," as it
was called, of the marshes, and the tons of soil
yearly brought down by the rains from the hills,
had so far impeded the navigation of the channel
and shallowed the harbour, that already a road to
Udimore had been opened by the construction ot
a bridge across the Brede river, and the beds of
shingle were increasing so rapidly that the entrance
to the haven was becominof difficult and danoferous.
But the Edwards v/ere always welcome to the
people of Winchelsea. Gervase Alard, one of the
old Saxon stock, an Admiral of the Cinque Ports,
and Bailiff of Winchelsea, a man, like his royal
master, of herculean proportions, whose bones lie
in the church and whose effigy in armour proclaims
at once his own importance and the artistic power
I 20 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
of the times, has on his stone canopy the portrait
heads of King Edward and of his Queen Eleanor,
whom Gervase had loved and served so well. And
Stephen Alard, who sleeps beside him, another
Admiral of the Fleet and Bailiff of the antient
town, has also on his canopied tomb the sculptured
portraits of Edward III, and his Queen whom he
also had served and had entertained at Winchelsea.
A tavern with the sign of " The Three Kings " is
one of the oldest on record. It stood near the
corner of Bear Square, and was still existing in the
last century.^
From the time of Edward III. Winchelsea be-
gan to decline, and graduaUy^came of no account
in the political or military history of the country.
In the meantime, however, it had brought to the
front one of its sons, Robert de Winchelsey, a man
of great learning, piety and force of character. He
was born of humble parents in the town of Win-
chelsea, and became successively Archdeacon of
Essex, and Archbishop of Canterbury. Durino-
The three kings, in this instance, were popularly and
traditionally regarded as the three Edwards.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 121
the Stormy period of his career he was often
opposed to the Crown, and was once banished the
kingdom and deprived of his position and estates ;
but the good feeHng of the king revoked the decree,
and some years after his death, which took place
in May 13 13, King Edward III. apphed to the
Pope to canonize the late Archbishop, and to enroll
his name in the Cataloo^ue of the Saints.^
1 Rymer's "Fcedera," 8 Mar. 1327.
122 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
VI.
After the death of Edward III. some attempts
were made to rebuild the town, and its civic
circumference having been reduced, funds were
suppHed for repairing the walls. But the improved
condition of the town served only as a tempta-
tion to its enemies. Winchelsea with its sheltered
port, its embattled ramparts, its crossbowmen and
men-at-arms, its military renown and its naval
associations, was a standing menace to the power
of France, while the capture of Calais, and the
cruelties of the English commanders during the
the wars of King Edward and the Black Prince,
intensified the hatred that had loner existed
between the two countries. The Enolish w^ere
taught in sono-s and in romances, which formed for
the great mass of the people the education of the
day, that the French had the mingled qualities of
the viper and the wolf, that they were infected with
the seven deadly sins, pride, avarice, luxury, envy,
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. I 23
gluttony, anger and sloth, that they mocked at the
Saints and were universally immoral in their lives.
Englishmen, on the other hand, were reported
in France to be a nation of unnatural savages,
whose children were all born with tails, and who
actuated by greed and by infidelity, spurned the
admonitions of the Holy Pontiff, who, himself a
Frenchman, had not unnaturally interposed from
time to time with vigorous and resolute action on
behalf of his fellow countrymen. Under these
hostile and irritating influences, petty raids from
coast to coast, involving massacre, fire and plun-
der, were constant and unrebuked, and the ports of
Normandy and Brittany on the one shore, and of
Kent, Sussex and Hants on the other, suffered
equally from the attacks of the enemy when the
protecting squadron was away.
In 1377, under Richard H., Winchelsea was
again attacked by the French, who were beaten off
by the portsmen under the command of the Abbot
of Battle. And these, in the following year,
avencred themselves on their enemies bv an
invasion of France. In 13S0 Winchelsea was
124 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
again taken and sacked, and in 1386 it was only
saved from annihilation by the fortuitous interven-
tion of a tempest which scattered the French fleet
and sunk most of their ships/ In 1406, under
Henry IV., there was a great sea-fight, in which
Winchelsea took part and made a great capture of
ships. ^
In 141 5, under Henry V., came the life struggle
with France when every available Englishman
was pressed into the service of the King. The
depopulation of England before Waterloo bore
no comparison with the drafts before Azincourt,
which
" Left our England as dead midnight still,
Guarded by grandsires, babies, and old women.
Or passed or not arrived at pith and puissance."
A general rendezvous of the navy was called from
the Cinque Ports, the King himself, according to
tradition, embarking at Southampton Pier. The
description of this fleet by Shakespeare,^ who
wrote two centuries after the event, and had seen
^ Thomas of Walsingham, vol. ii. p. 151.
- Ibid. vol. ii. \>. 275. ^ "Henry V." Act iii.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. I 25
the noble ships that sailed out to meet the Grand
Armada, is that of no mean historian. " The brave
fleet with silken streamers the young Phoebus
fanning," " the ship-boys on the hempen tackle
climbinof," " the shrill whistle which doth order o-ive
to sounds confused," " the threaden sails borne with
the invisible and creeping wind, drawing the huge
bottoms through the furrowed sea," "a city on the
inconstant billows dancing," paint the scene in
vivid colours, and even now, after a lapse of
nearly five hundred years, amid the solidity and
materialism of the nineteenth century, arouse the
enthusiasm of every audience. On the feast of
St. Crispine (25th October) the King with the
flower of English chivalry, supported by his in-
domitable phalanx of crossbowmen, fought the
battle of Azincourt on a plain a few miles distant
from St. Omer. The fleet was under the command
of his admirals ; but the ship " Gabrielle de Win-
chelsea," with a master from that Port, led the
van and carried the King and his staff to their
glorious but short-lived victory.
In 14 1 8, however, the French revenged them-
126 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
selves upon the citizens of Winchelsea for the
many defeats and humiliations they had suffered
from the soldiers and sailors of that port. They
landed in great force, stormed the ramparts,
pillaged the inhabitants, and again set fire to
the town. From this last calamity Winchel-
sea never recovered. It ceased for ever to be
the base of operations against the French, its
ships could no longer keep open the communi-
cations between England and her army on the
opposite shore, and the great arsenal, the great
fortress, and the great port of the Plantagenets,
fell rapidly into decay.
For a short time, however, the Haven was still
available in time of war. Jeake^ in an interesting
summary of the battles gained and services
rendered by the navy of the Ports, says that in
1436, King Henry VI. ordered them to fit out
their whole number of ships to be ready at
Winchelsea on St. George's Day (23rd April).
The fleet thus collected carried the Duke of
^ "Charter of the Cinque Ports," p. 29. A rare book of
great authority on all matters connected with the Cinque Ports.
V^"
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 12/
York and his soldiers to Normandy, where they
raised the Siege of Calais, which was then invested
by the Duke of Burgundy, and drove the Burgun-
dians behind the Somme.
Henry VII., in 1487, commissioned the ship
" Peter of Winchelsea," and the ship " John of Fole
of Winchelsea," to watch over the fishermen of
the southern and eastern coasts,' and at a later
date to protect the town from assault, and to cover
the entrance to Rye harbour, he arranged for the
building of Camber Castle, which was fortified and
garrisoned with a captain at two shillings a day
and six gunners at sixpence a day each. So
far, however, as one can now form an opinion
this was an utterly wasteful expenditure of public
money, as the sea w^as rapidly receding, and
the castle never fired a shot an an enemy or
received a challenge from a foe.
But althoucjh Winchelsea became useless as a
military station, ajKLits-niodestresources, reduced
still moreby the work of the Reformation, would
not permit it to keep up its ecclesiastical founda-
* " Materials for life of Henry VII.," vol. ii. [>. 193.
128 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
tions, yet it was for many years a centre for much
business, both legal and commercial. It was a
town commonly inserted in the commissions of
assize. The mayor with his jurats (occasionally
assisted by the bailiff) sat regularly in the Court
Hall, where they elected members of Parliament
and dispensed justice to all comers, allowing no
plea to be pleaded to their jurisdiction. Their
charters gave them very extended powers. In
addition to civil, criminal and admiralty juris-
diction, they held a Court of Chancery for the
Cinque Ports, and Henry VII. on one occasion at
least (in May, 1487,) issued to them a Commission
of Oyer and Terminer and Gaol Delivery, to hold
assizes for the trial of certain pirates and others,
with whom the Lord Warden and other Cinque
Ports had no authority to deal.^
By the time of Queen Elizabeth, who was the
next royal visitor to the town (a.d. 1573), it was
in decay. The sea had receded beyond all power
of recall, and the officers of Camber Castle, having
' " Materials for History of Henry VH." St. Pa. vol. ii.
200.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. I 29
small pay and less occupation, spent most of their
time at Winchelsea, interferino^ with her domestic
affairs and quarrelling with the inhabitants. The
Queen is said to have been much struck with
the noble and city-like deportment of the mayor
and twelve jurats in their scarlet gowns, and
to have spoken of the place, either in jest or in
earnest, as a " Little London." But she confirmed
their charter by a further charter of Nov. 1586,
(now among the muniments of the Corporation,
with the Queen's portrait in the initial letter,) by
which she also released to the Corporation certain
King's rents in aid of their resources.
Numerous attempts were made from time to
time, and various schemes promulgated during the
reigns of Henry VI IL, Elizabeth, Charles L,
James I L, and William IIL to reconstitute the
port of Winchelsea. The last report to the
Treasury, in 1692, though referring to the fact that
in Oliver Cromwell's time over a hundred sail
of the line could come up to the town of Rye, was
of an unfavorable character. The ominous words
" nothing to be done," were endorsed on the paper,
K
I ^O THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
and Winchelsea's fate as a seaport was then
sealed.^
During the Interregnum, John Evelyn, while
waiting at Rye for the arrival of his Avife from
Paris, walked over to see the ruins of Winchelsea.
" There are to be seen," he says,^ " vast caves and
vaults, walls and towers, ruins of monasteries, and
of a sumptuous church, in which are some hand-
some monuments, especially of the Templars,
buried just in the manner of those in the Temple
at London. This place," he adds, " being now
'■ Treasury Papers, Aug. i8, 1692.
- "Diary," vol. i. p. 279. Evelyn is, however, wrong about
his Templars. The Alards were not Knights Templars, nor is
there any reason to suppose that a house of that order ever
existed at Winchelsea. The effigies of the Templars in the
Temple Church in Evelyn's time lay upon the floor inclosed
in a railing, but, except for their armour and their crossed
legs, bore no resemblance in the mode of their sepulture
to the Alards at Winchelsea. Of these latter two are of Caen
stone and show traces of profuse decoration both in the
canopies and in the figures themselves, three are of Sussex
marble. The effigies of the Alards, however, by reason of their
comparative perfection, were used as models when those of the
Templars in the Temple Church were restored in the early part
of the present century.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 13I
all in rubbish, and a few despicable hovels and
cottages only standing, hath yet a mayor." His
wife, having escaped the Dutch fleet, after being
three days at sea, landed safely at Rye and was
passed through the customs with her baggage by
order of Colonel Morley of the Council of State
and one of the members for the County of Sussex.
After which Evelyn, on his way to London, was
stopped by highwaymen and robbed of his diamond
buckles and rings in about the same spot as is
selected by Thackeray for the scene of the robbery
in " Denis Duval."
Charles II. was at Rye in 1673, George I. was
landed there in consequence of an accident in
1725, and George II. was there in 1730, but I
have no reason to suppose that either of their
Majesties ever set foot within this antient town.
Queen Elizabeth was, therefore, the last monarch
who was ever sheltered by these walls, unless
indeed a tradition as to James II. is to be accepted
as authentic. It is said that this King on one
occasion visited Winchelsea during the period that
John Caryll was bailiff. The fact that this gentle-
132 THE STOKV OF KING EDWARD
man's family had always been staunch royalists,
that he himself was private secretary to Queen
Mary of Modena, that he was a Roman Catholic,
and that he afterwards accompanied King James
into exile, lends some plausibility to the story, but
I do not find the account to be sufficiently cor-
roborated to justify the corporation in putting up
the arms of James II. as one of those monarchs
who have honoured new Winchelsea with their
presence.
The annals of the Court Hall from the Revolu-
tion afford but scant materials for history. It
was in turns a court of justice, a meat market,
a hustings, and a gaol, and the parliamentary
record of the borough reflects but little credit
on the Government, the electors, or the members.
Winchelsea returned members to Parliament at
least as early the reign of Edward III. The
writs, however, in the early times went in a general
form to the Lord Warden, requiring him to send
Barons, otherwise men, from the Cinque Ports
and the two antient towns to attend the King
ih Parliament. This gave rise to a claim on
AND NEW WINCIIELSEA.
Ill
^ JO
behalf of the Lord Warden to nominate one
at least of the members for each of the seven
ports, the attempted enforcement of which was
/ ,n
■'»
OLD PRISON DOOR.
the cause of constant irritation. Nor was it de-
finitely settled till 1689, when an Act of William
and Mary declared that the Lord Warden had
no such right, but that the right to return mem-
134 '^HE STORY OF KING EDWARD
bers was vested solely in the mayor, jurats and
freemen of the town. The parliamentary his-
tory since the time of King James is a con-
tinuous tale of trickery, violence, and intimida-
tion, with constant appeals to the Lord Warden
and to Parliament. The borougrh was twice dis-
franchised : once by Charles I.^ on account, I
think, of the quarrels of the corporation with the
citizens and the officers of Camber Castle, in
the course of one of which episodes the mayor
shot the member's dog, and sent his principal
supporter to prison ; again under the Common-
wealth, when Cromwell took away its two
members and gave them to the large midland
towns which were then unrepresented. In 1623
the mayor, Paul Wymond, being convicted of
intimidation and of fraudulent exclusion of voters,
was committed to prison, did penance on his
knees at the bar of the House of Commons,
and afterwards in the Court Hall at Winchelsea
before the jurats and freemen of the town.^
^ St. Pa, Jany. 30, 1621 : Apl. 1626.
- Oldfield's "Parliamentary History," vol. v. p. 412.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 1 35
The committee that sat upon this enquiry had
among its number Sergeant Glanvil, a great
constitutional lawyer, Sergeant Noy, the ship-
money advocate, John Selden the distinguished
antiquarian, and others. In 1702 Edward Martin
the mayor was committed to prison, brought on
his knees to the bar of the House, and turned
out of all his places in the customs and other
sinecures for his misconduct as returninof officer/
In 1754 one Arnold Nesbitt was returned as
the Treasury nominee, but having acquired con-
siderable influence in the town, he subsequently
contested the Borough as an independent can-
didate. This conduct was bitterl)- resented by
the Treasury, and litigation, revealing many elec-
toral scandals, ensued for many years. It ulti-
mately terminated in favour of Mr. Nesbit, who
then sold his interest to Lord Darlino-ton for
;!^i 5,000. During this litigation, Wardroper, the
government agent and town clerk, finding himself
in want of money for election expenses, pawned the
original charters, the customal and other records
' Oldfield, vol. V. p. 413.
136 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
of the corporation, which have never been re-
covered. During the same period also, one half of
the original Great Seal of Winchelsea was stolen,
in order, as is supposed, that the mayor's return
to the House of Commons might not be duly
sealed. And thus it happens that one half of
that antique relic dates back to the reign of
Edward I., while the other half, which is, however,
an exact reproduction of the original, dates from
the reiofn of George III. Other small boroug^hs
were possibly as bad as Winchelsea, but its
electoral period is not one to which her friends
can look back with satisfaction, although it should
in fairness be stated that Winchelsea returned
to Parliament, among other more or less dis-
tinguished members, Charles W^olfran Cornwall,
for some years Speaker of the House of Commons,
Brougham, Grey, Lushington, and Dundas.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. i -^J
VI I.
In recently restoring the Court Hall, or, rather, in
accommodating it to the public use, great care was
taken to retain the old form. The windows on
the ground floor were found nearly complete,
although they had been adapted from time to
time to the requirements of the building- when it
was a meat market or a prison for smugglers and
other misdemeanants. These additions were
removed and the windows replaced in the old
stonework. The handsome stone fire-places in
both rooms were cleaned and made safe, but in
other respects they remain as they were placed
centuries ago. The plank beds which were pro-
vided for the prisoners, and the deal cells that
were introduced at a later period, were removed,
but a heavy iron chain, with its block, which was
formerly used to chain the culprits to the floor,
has been preserved as a memento of the treatment
of prisoners in former days. The studded doors,
^3^
THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
and the window with its triple bars at the former
entrance to the prison, have been retained out of
regard to their artistic effect, but they are of much
OLD FIREPLACE.
later date than the building itself Of the large
room on the first floor, where the Court was
formerly held, the roof, which was hidden by an
inner ceiling, was re-opened to view. It was
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 1 39
found to be in excellent condition, and though of
the age of the building itself, required very slight
repair. A small window at the north-west side
shows a door formerly passing into another apart-
ment. It was found under the plaster in its
present condition, with the staples and an old
bolt, which has also been preserved. The arms
in the window are those of Robert of Winchelsea,
Archbishop of Canterbury, to whom I have already
referred. The windows on the south side were
formerly of stone, as they now appear, other
windows of lath and plaster having been built
inside the old stonework, which was mutilated for
the purpose. They have been decorated with the
arms of certain bailiffs of Winchelsea, owners and
possibly occupiers of this house. The Alards, an
old Saxon family, who were Admirals of the Cinque
Ports and bailiffs of Winchelsea, are too_ well
known in the history of England and of the Ports
to need further reference. The Finches also
played a great part in the town. The)' were
bailiffs under Edward III., and for many years
afterwards. They let the hall to the Corporation
140 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
for their court of justice and their hustings, and
on being ennobled they took the title of Earls of
Winchelsea.
The Guldefords were bailiffs of Winchelsea,
with a short intermission, from i486 to 1663,
nearly two hundred years, and there was, pro-
bably, no family that ever took greater interest
in the prosperity of the town. The hrst of
this family was Sir Richard Guldeford, Knight,
King's Councillor, who fought beside Richmond
on Bosworth held, and to whom, on the 6th
October, i486, King Henry VII. granted the
lordship of the manor of Higham, or Igham,
and the increase of the land there by the retire-
ment of the sea, to be held by fealty, and the
service of supporting a tower in his marsh
near the port called Cambre, in Sussex, to be
built within two years from the date of the grant,
for the protection of the inhabitants of Kent and
Sussex from rebels and others navigating the
sea there, and who was thus the founder and
the builder of Camber Castle. The reclaimed
land to the north-east of Rye, known as Guldeford,
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. I4I
owes its existence to this family, who were also
prolific in schemes to maintain Winchelsea haven,
and at a later date to make a new harbour by
cuttine a direct channel from the Strand to the
sea. They also took a leading part, in 1627, in
endeavouring to induce the Government to retain
the occupation of Camber Castle, which it was
then proposed to demolish, or at least to sell it
in its existing condition, which was reported as
being of good repair except as to the platforms.
But it was a useless building, and in 1642 it was
demolished and the guns taken to Rye. by order
of the Long Parliament. Sir Henry Guldeford
of the reign of King Henry VHL, was not only
a man of science and of war, but a courtier,
and a personal friend of his royal master. His
portrait, by Holbein, now in the possession of the
Oueen at Windsor, is one of that orreat artist's
finest sketches. It represents a man rather
beyond middle age, with a fine broad head and
intellicrent countenance, wearinof the head-dress
long familiarly associated with Edward the Sixth
and the scholars of Christ's Hospital.
142 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
After the Restoration, having perfected their
title ^ by clearing away a grant under the Com-
monwealth which had interrupted their possession,
the Guldefords, in 1663, sold the manor of Igham,
with the bailiwick of Winchelsea and the advow-
son of the Church to the Caryll family, whose
arms are still to be seen on the silver oar, the
emblem of the Admiralty jurisdiction exercised by
the Corporation. Some of the Carylls being
Roman Catholics were not very acceptable to the
townspeople, who had always exhibited strong
Protestant tendencies, and had in 1680, sent up
a vigorous petition to Parliament denouncing the
authors of the Popish Plot, and urging the exclu-
sion of the Duke of York. But John Caryll has
a claim to the recognition of Englishmen different
to that of the Alards, the Finches, and the Guide-
fords. He was a friend of Pope, was of the same
religion, and was himself a disciple of literature,
having written, according to Dr. Johnson,- a
^ A grant from Charles II. is set out in Holloway's " History
of Romney Marsh."
' " Lives of the Poets," (Pope).
AND NEW WINXHELSEA.
H3
SIR HENRY GULDEFORD.
From a sketch bv Hans Holbein.
144 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
comedy called " Sir Solomon Single," which, how-
ever, hardly survived its author. It was at
Caryll's house at West Grinstead that it was sug-
gested to Pope to write some good-natured verses
to appease the anger of Mistress Arabella Fermor,
whose lovelock had been mischievously cut off by
the Lord Petre. This the poet did, and with
such success that, recalling from circulation his
original lines, he reconstructed them with the
added machinery of sylphs, gnomes, and nymphs,
and produced in the " Rape of the Lock " the
most charming mock-heroic poem in this, or
indeed in any language. It was dedicated to his
friend and host, John Car3'll, through whom our
town is thus indirectly connected with the master-
piece of our great English poet.
The Carylls were bailiffs for just one hundred
years, and in 1 763 Lord Egremont became lord
of the manor of Igham and bailiff of Winchelsea.
From him, in 1797, it passed to Sir William
Ashburnham, Bart., for thirty years Bishop of
Chichester, and it remained with this old Saxon
family, whose association with this district dates
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 1 45
back in an unbroken line to a period long before
the Norman Conquest, till 1834, when they were
succeeded by the Curteis family. These parted
with the manor and the bailiwick to the late
Mr. Jesse Piper, who sold the old Court Hall to
the late Mr. Padgett, of Winchelsea. From Mr.
Padgett's representatives Dr. Edwin Freshfield,
who is connected by birth with this antient town,
purchased the building and presented it to the
corporation for the use of the inhabitants. Now,
therefore, for the first time in the history of
Winchelsea, the mayor and corporation can meet
together for such purposes as may yet require
their attendance in an ancient hall of their own
freehold. For in one respect at least this cor-
poration had good fortune. The storm that swept
away all the old corporations in 1884, passed over
the head of Winchelsea with subdued force, and
Parliament, while depriving its jurats of their
judicial powers, which, except in trivial matters,
they had long ceased to exercise, recognised the
historical associations of the old Cinque Port town,
and reserved to its mayor and freemen their
146 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
existing corporate rights, with power to apply for
a municipal charter if the threatened extension of
the town should ever dispose them to change their
old habits for new.
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 1 47
VIII.
WiNCHELSEA is surroLinded by a halo of legends
and traditions in addition to that of the miraculous
efifigy of St. Leonard. Its church was declared a
sanctuary, in which for forty days and nights the
man-slayer and the thief were safe from the pursuit
of justice, and whence, after due abandonment of
his goods and chattels, the penitent, bearing his
cross and keeping to the highway, could embark
at any of the ports for a foreign country, to
begin a new life, without danger of molestation or
fear of surrender. Under the later Plantagenets
it became the temporary home of thousands of
pilgrims from all parts of Great Britain and
Ireland, who, accepting the romance of the
Spanish priests, sailed from Winchelsea to Com-
postella, in Galicia, to worship at the shrine of
St. James the Apostle, whose bones the monks
pretended to have secured in their venerable
cathedral. Many Winchelsea ships, whose names
148 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
are still preserved, bore these devout worshippers,
and an early English ballad relates how " when
they begyn to sayle, their hearts begyn to fayle,"
as they cross the bar and plunge into the restless
Channel. It is rife with stories of bold smug-
glers, who filled its old crypts with illicit mer-
chandize, and who were ultimately destroyed in a
pitched battle at Seacock's Heath. But its crypts
were not always smugglers' caves. They were,
in their inception, receptacles for the French
wines imported by the early settlers. Com-
municating with the main street by handsome
and convenient stone stairs, certain of them were
probably used as shops by goldsmiths and other
wealthy traders. They afforded places of con-
cealment in time of war, and in their dry and
quiet chambers the Huguenot weavers of the
sixteenth century plied their looms, Wesley
is known to have preached his last sermon in the
open air under an ash which still spreads its
branches within fifty yards of the Court Hall,
and memorials of the preacher's visit are still
preserved with veneration in the old town by de-
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 1 49
vout members of the Society which bears his name.
Many of the Winchelsea waters are chalybeate, and
the inhabitants are commonly recorded on their
graves as having lived far beyond three-score
years and ten. A harmless peripatetic ghost
treads its shingled paths, and the unquiet spirit
of a mediaeval giant walks in the old bay of Brede.
A subterranean communication is said to exist
between one of the crypts of Winchelsea and the
keep of Camber Castle. The horn used at the
" hornblowen," or calling together of the freemen,
the maces, the seals, and the silver oar of the
water-bailiff are still held in reverence, and the
women of the place still salute the mayor with
flowers at his annual election on Easter Monday.
The budge-barrel of the weterleder, which, in
the days of the Plantagenets, slung between two
wheels with a boy like young Bacchus astride on
the cask, plied between the town and the outer
wells and supplied the citizens with water, may
still be seen in time of drought wending its way
to the Newgate spring and toiling back with its
fill of water. And even now, on a still evening.
150 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD
the roaring of the sea on the western shore may
occasionally be heard. To strangers it sounds
like a great rustling of the trees, but it portends
rough weather on the morrow, and keeps alive
the memory of St. Agatha's Eve, when the distant
roaring of the sea pronounced the doom of the
parent city.
Amonof the numerous wells is one dedicated to
St. Leonard, of which it is said that the person
who tastes of its water will never have the recol-
lection of Winchelsea erased from his heart.
Whether we have all of us drunk of this well I
know not, but I have seldom been in any place or
in any society where people do not talk with
interest and affection of the old town ; and some
years ago, while travelling in the Western States,
I heard of a colony from this place who, many
generations back, had emigrated to the New
World, and christened their settlement by the
well-remembered name of Winchelsea. It is still
the resort of artists and of men of letters. Turner
and Millais have transferred its hill sides to
canvas, and Thackeray has immortalized its Grey
AND NEW WINCHELSEA. 151
Friars and its barber's shop. But its greatest
claim to the recognition of Encrhshmen is its
purely English history and characteristics. Its
associations are those of England when England
stood alone, and was working out its future
destiny by its prowess abroad and its freedom at
home. The Plantaganets were its foster-fathers.
Its triumphs>rere--those of the navy — always an"
essentially English arm of the service — and the
saint "under whose banner it flourished was an
Englishman whose claim on his countrymen was
founded at least as much upon his indomitable
English courage as upon his priestly loyalty and
devotion. The confederation of the ports for the
defence of the Saxon shore, with their combined
armada of merchants and warriors, and it may,
perhaps, also be said of buccaneers, is one which
has no parallel off English soil. From Edward
the Confessor to Oliver the Protector, England
and the English interest were written on every
stone of the town and on every timber of the
ships, and there is, even now, no more beautiful
or more purely English landscape to be found
152 THE STORY OF KING EDWARD.
than the picture of the ancient town, with its
ivied towers and ruined abbey, bearing still some
traces of its old-time grandeur, peacefully reposing
in the bed of Its departed haven, planted with
fruitful gardens and trees, and watered with the
still running wells of New Gate, St. Katherine,
and St. Leonard.
APPENDIX.
[EXCHEQUER O. R. MISCELLANEA,
MINISTERS' ACCOUNTS "WELDINGS." \y-\]
Scilicet. Hee sunt placee ordinate liberate et arentate
in nova villa de Wynchelsea que jam est edi-
ficata per Majorem et .xxiiij. Juratos per
dominum Johannem de Kyrkeby episcopum
Elienensem ex parte domini regis ad easdem
placeas ordinandas liberandas et arentandas,
ordinatos. Qui dicunt in primis formam ordi-
nacionis. Videlicet quod dominus rex habet
de terra que fuit domini Johannis Tresgoz
super motam ubi nova villa fundata est, sicut
patet in extenta facta per dominum Stephanum
de Pencestria et Gregorium de Rokesle, sexa-
ginta quinque acras et dimidiam, unde una
acra plus et alia minus assumatur in toto .viij-
libras .v. solidos et .j. denarium.
Scilicet. Item dicunt quod heredes Johannis de Lang-
herst habent super dictam motam ut patet in
extenta predicta .xxxv. acras terrc quartam
partem unius acre et .xviij. perticatas, unde
154 APPENDIX.
una acra ad plus alia ad minus assumatur .lij.
solidos et quadrantem.
Scilicet Item dicunt quod Johannes Bone habet super
motam predictam ut patet in extenta .xxiiij.
acras dimidiam et .xxxj. virgas unde una acra
ad plus alia ad minus assumatur ad .xxix-
solidos obolum.
Scilicet. Item dicunt quod Gilebertus de Cruce habet
super motam ut patet in extenta .x. acras et
quartam partem unius acre et .xxiij. perti-
catas.
Summa .xx. solidi et .ix. denarii.
Scilicet. Item dicunt quod Johannes Moris habet super
motam ut patet in extenta .ij. acras.
Summa .xxxij. denarii.
Scilicet. Item dicunt quod Willielmus et Ricardus filii
Tristrami habent super motam ut patet in
extenta unam acram cum domo superedificata.
Summa .v. solidi.
Scilicet. Item dicunt quod Johannes Moris habet super
motam ut patet in extenta dimidiam acram et
quartam partem unius acre.
Summa .xij. denarii.
Scilicet. Item dicunt quod heredes Bartholomei Wy-
mund et sui parcenarii habent super motam
ut patet in extenta unam acram et dimidiam.
Summa .ij. solidi .vj. denarii.
Scilicet. Item dicunt quod Johannes filius Reginaldi
APPENDIX. 155
Alard habet in quodam loco qui vocatur
Trecherie ut patet in extenta unam acram.
Summa .iij. solidi.
Scilicet. Item dicunt quod heredes Johannis Batan
habent super motam ut patet in extenta unam
acram et dimidiam et quartam partem unius
acre et .xvj. perticatas terre.
Summa .iij. solidi et .j. denarium.
Scilicet. Item iidem heredes habent quoddam molen-
dinum cum situ qui continet .viij. perticatas
terre. Quod molcndinum cum situ dicti
heredes retinent penes se, nee est necessarium
domino regi neque ville.
Scilicet. Item dicunt quod Johannes Moris et parcenarii
sui habent super motam ut patet in extenta
.ij. acras.
Summa .xl. denarii.
Scilicet. Item dicunt quod heredes Johannis Batan et
parcenarii sui habent sub pendente montis ut
patet in extenta .ij. acras.
Summa .x.x. denarii.
Summa totalis .xiiij. li. xj.s. v.d. ob. qua.
Summa totalis acrarum predictarum .vij. acre
.ix. acre et dimidia et quarterium unius acre et
octo virge.
De qua summa totali terrarum predictarum
subtrahende sunt . xij. acre que rctente fuerunt
156 APPENDIX.
ad opus domini regis per dictum episcopum
Elienensem,
Item subtrahende sunt de summa predicta in
cimiteriis sancti Thome et sancti Egidii .v.
acre quia jus patronatus dictarum ecclesiarum
residet penes dominum regem.
Summa subtractionis terrarum predictarum
.xvij. acre.
Et remanent ad edificacionem ville de summa
predicta .vj. acre .xij. acre et dimidia unum
quarterium unius acre et .viij. virge.
Item dicti Major et Jurati dicunt quod de
XX
.vj. acris .xij. acris et dimidia uno quarterio
unius acre et de .viij. perticatis terre predicte
XX
ordinate sunt .iiij. acre .vij. acre et dimidia et
dimidium quarterii unius acre .vij. perticate et
quarterium unius perticate terre ad edifi-
candum,
Et remanent in vasto quid in mercato quid in
vicis quid in pendente quod edificari non po-
test .xl. et quinque acre octava pars unius
acre quinque perticate et dimidia et quarta
pars unius perticate.
XX
De quo vasto .iiij. acre .vij. acre dimidia acra
et dimidium quarterii unius acre .vij. perticate
et quarterium unius perticate terre predicte
APPENDIX.
157
onerantur in summa .xiiij. librarum .xj. soli-
dorum .v. denariorum oboli et quadrantis.
Item dicunt formam liberacionis et arenta-
cionis dictarum placearum in predicta nova
villa super motam existentium.
Videlicet quod Simon le INIachon habet in
primo quarterio .xviij. virgas iiij. d. ob.
Stephanus Blaunc- x. virgas ij. d. ob.
pain
Robertus dictus ix. virgas ij. d. qua.
Burnel
Walterus Boscoe
Thomas de Pese-
merse
Robertus le Mele-
ward
Alanus de Feme
Walterus Salerne
Henricus Dagard
Rengerus Wyliam
Adam Schewere
Ros'erus Aueril
X. virgas ij. d. ob.
X. virgas dimidiam ij. d. ob. qua.
et quarterium
v. virgas et dimi- j. d. qua.
diam.
v. virgas j. d. qua.
viij.virgasdimidiam ij. d. qua.
et quarterium
vj. virgas j. d. ob.
X. virgas ij. d. ob.
vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
vj. virgas et quar- j. d. ob.
terium
Heredes Ade le
V. virgas
j-
d.
qua.
Meleward
Thomas le Mele-
V. virgas et quar-
j-
d.
qua.
ward
terium
Stephanus Rynge-
iij. virgas et dimi-
j-
d.
mere
diam
158 APPENDIX.
Robertus Colyn iij. virgas et dimi- j. d.
diam
Nicholaus Code- iij. vergas et dimi- j. d.
lawe diam
Petrus Geneuide iiij. virgas. j. d.
Gervasius Mot ix. virgas dimidiam ij. d. ob.
et quarterium
Rengerus Robert x. virgas et dimi- ij. d. ob. qua.
diam
Stephanus de Can- xiiij. virgas iij. d. ob.
tuaria
Walterus Johan ix. virgas ij. d. qua.
Petrus de Fortes- x. virgas ij. d. ob.
mue
Reginaldus Alard viij. virgas ij. d.
junior
Summa iij. s. ob. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una octava pars unius
acre et .xiij. virge.
In secundo quarterio Johannes.
Madour x. virgas ij. d. ob.
Clemens Donning vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob. qua.
diam
Johannes Sneke v. virgas j. d. qua.
Thomas Wertere vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
Nicholaus Ricard vj. virgas et quar- j. d. ob.
terium
Willielmus Pret xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
diam
APPENDIX. 159
Heredes Alani Bu- xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
chard diam
Ricardus de Do- x. virgas ij. d. ob.
voria.
Clemens Langters viij. partem unius vj. d. qua.
acre et v. virgas
Johannes Folke xix. virgas iiij. d. ob. qua
Andreas Passelewe xix. virgas iiij. d. ob. qua.
Willielmus Blanc- vij. virgas j. d. ob. qua.
payn
Gervasius Coleman vij. virgas j. d. ob. qua.
Paul
Laurencius Ferbras iij. virgas et dimi- j. d.
diam
Gervasius Frost v. virgas et quar- j. d. qua.
terium
Johannes Galp iij. virgas et dimi- ob. qua.
diam
Petronilla relicta .v. virgas et quar- j. d. qua.
Cok Stelard terium
Ricardus Witloc iij. virgas et dimi- j. d.
diam
Walterus le Botre iij. virgas et dimi- j. d.
diam
Galfridus Roberd v. virgas et quar- j. d. qua.
terium
Sampson Sell de v. virgas et quar- j. d. qua.
Puncto terium
Godardus Petit iij. virgas et dimi- ob. qua.
diam
Andreas de Monas- iij. virgas et dimi- j. d.
terio diam
l6o APPENDIX.
NicholausFimelote v. vhga.s et quar- j. d. qua.
terium
Nicholausde Apel- iij. virgas et dimi- j, d.
tre diam
Philippus Matip v. virgas et quar- j. d. qua.
terium
Gervasius Hambuc "i ... ...
„. 1 TT 1 xxxij. virgas et di- | .... ,
Ricardus Hambuc - ... ^ rviiij. d. qua.
. . midiam j
Beatricia Hambuc I
Summa iiij. s. xj. d. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra unum quar-
terium dimidium quarterii xvj. virge et quarterium unius
virge.
In tertio quarteno 1 ... , . ^
, , \.,. viij. partem unms | ,
Johannes rilms r v. d.
T 1 • 13 acre )
J oh an n IS Roger I
Justinus Alard xvij. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. qua.
diam
Willielmus Beau- x, virgas ij. d. ob.
frount
Johannes Large vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
Stephanus de Bi- viij. partem unius vj. d, qua.
dindenne acre et v. virgas
Johannes de Sco- viij. partem unius vj. d.
tenye acre et iiij. virgas
Andreas de Folke- viij. partem unius v. d. qua.
stane acre dimidiam
virgam et quar-
terium
APPENDIX. l6l
Willielmus Batayle viij. partem unius .vj. d. qua.
acre .v. virgas
Johannes Austin v^j. virgas et quar- j. d. ob.
terium
Johannes Liteman vj. virgas et quar- j. d. ob.
terium
Stephanus Russel v. virgas j. d. qua.
WilHelmus Hamer v. virgas j. d. qua.
Mauricius Cocus vj. virgas et quar- j. d. ob.
terium
Petronilla Oueynte v. virgas j. d. qua.
Henricus Clement Octavam partem v. d.
unius acre
Ricardus de Pese- viij. partem unius vj. d.
merse acre et.iiij. virgas
Summa iiij. s. viij. d. ob. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra unum quarte-
rium dimidium quarterii .viij. virgas et dimidiam.
In quarto quarterio viiij. partem unius vj. d. ob.
Ricardus Cely acre .ix. virgas
et dimidiam
Goda pore Voghel xv. virgas dimidiam iij. d. ob. qua.
et quarterium
Johannes Treygeu xiiij. virgas iij. d. ob.
SymondeScotenye quartem partem xvij. d.
unius acre dimi-
diam quarterium
et viij. virgas
Jacobus filius iiij. partem unius xiiij. d. ob.
Thome Barber acre et xix. virgas qua.
l62
APPENDIX.
Johannes filius
Thome Barber
Cole Alard
viij. partem unius viij. d. ob.
acreetxiiij.virgas
vij. virgas j. d. ob. qua.
j. d. ob. qua.
j. d. ob. qua.
Ex parle borialia
Johanne filio
Thome le Bar-
ber.
Thomas Alard vij. virgas
Gervasius Alard vij. virgas
junior
Walterus de Rac- viij. partem unius viij. d. ob.
kele acreetxiiij.virgas
Summa v. s. viij. d. ob. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra dimidia acra
.XXXV. virge dimidia et quarterium unius virge.
In quinto quarterio
Henricus le Pal-
mere
Josephus de Has-
tmges
Johannes Orpede-
man
Walterus Sand
Radulfus Harding
Lucas Beneyt
Andreas Hardi
Johannes Hardi
Willielmus de
Orewelle
V. virgas
et
quar-
d.
qua.
terium
V. virgas
et
quar-
j.
d.
ob.
terium
V. virgas
et
quar-
d.
qua,
terium
V. virgas
et
quar-
d.
qua.
terium
V. virgas
et
quar-
d.
qua,
terium
V. virgas
et
quar-
1 .
d.
ob.
terium
vj. virgas.
J.
d.
ob.
V. virgas
J.
d.
qua
iiij. virgas
d.
APPENDIX. 1 6
Thomas filius v. virgas j. d. qua.
Thome Weterle-
dere
Simon Hughet v. virgas j. d, qua.
Margoria reHcta v. virgas j. d. qua.
Petri Austyn
Williehnus Half- vj. virgas j. d. ob.
hering
Willielmus ate vj. virgas j. d. ob.
Velde
Nicholaus Bosce vj. virgas j. d. ob.
Willielmus j\Iot viij. virgas ij. d.
Large
Johannes de Far- viij. partem unius vij. d.
legh acre et .viij. vir-
gas
Poteman Bod viij. partem unius vj. d. ob.
acre et .vj. virgas
Johannes Bod viij. partem unius vj. d.
acre et . iij. virgas
Willielmus Ro- xviij. virgas. iiij. d. ob.
J
menmg
Summa iij. s. x. d.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra octava pars
unius acre . iij. virge et dimidia.
SPXUNDA STRATA.
In sexto quartcrio x. virgas ij. d. ob.
GervasiusleCou-
pre
Gcrvasius Skele x. virgas ij. d. ob.
164
APPENDIX.
Robertus ate Carte xj. virgas et quar-
terium
Johannes Craske
Petrus Torold
Johannes Jacob
Parvus Galfridus
Thomas Large
Jacobus de Lide- xix. virgas
hame
Summa
XV. virgas
xij. virgas
xj. virgas
xj. virgas
xj. virgas
ij. d. ob. qua.
iij. d. ob. qua.
iij. d.
ij. d. ob. qua.
ij. d. ob. qua.
ij. d. ob. qua.
iiij.d. ob. qua.
ij. s. iij. d. ob.
Summa terre hujus quarterii dimidia acra dimidium
quarterii .x. virge et quarta pars unius virge.
In septimo quar-
terio heredes
Stephani Binder
Johannes de Here-
wyeo
Ricardus Finor
Rogerus Toneman
Willielmus Wade
Johannes Dawe
Johannes Katayle
Johannes filius Jo-
hannis Bochard
xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
diam
xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
xj. virgas et quar- ij. d. ob. qua.
terium
xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua. ,
diam
xj. virgas et dimi- ij. d. ob. qua.
diam
xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
diam
viij. partem unius vj. d. ob.
acre v. virgas et
dimidiam
APPENDIX.
165
Johannes lue
Willielmus Mancap
Willielmus Mazote
Robertas Scalle
Relicta Gabrielis
Gudloc
Johannes Romen-
ing
Philippus le Seltere
Sampson atte
Crouche
Standanore
Petrus Faber
Elyas Lanibin
Juliana Nightyn-
gale
viij. partem unius .v. d.
acre et dimidiam
virgam
viij. partem unius v. d. qua.
acre et dimidiam
virgam
xvj. virgas iiij. d.
viij. partem unius v. d. ob. qua.
acre ij. virgas et
dimidiam
xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
diam
vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob. qua.
diam
X. virgas ij. d. ob.
vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
X. \'irgas
xij. virgas et dimi-
diam
xij. vn-gas
viij. partem unius v. d.
acre et dimidiam
ij. d. ob.
iij. d. qua.
iij. d.
Heredes Ricardi de
Hcthe
Alicia Busch
viij. partem unius v. d.
acre
viij. partem unius vj. d. qua.
acre .v. virgas et
dimidiam
Summa vj. s. x. d.
Summa tcrre hujus quartcrii due acre .viij. virgc et
quarta pars unius virgc.
1 66
In octavo quarterio
Henricus Yue
Petronilla Clobbere
Alicia relicta Ro-
berti Gerueys
Nicholaus Alard
Gervasius Alard
junior
Nicholaus Alard
Reginaldus Alard
senior
Gervasius Alard
senior
Thomas Alard
WilHelmus Seman
Willielmus Mot de
Hastinges
APPENDIX.
xij, virgas
et dimi-
iij. d.
qua.
diam
xij. virgas
et dimi-
iij. d.
diam
xij. virgas
et dimi-
iij. d.
qua.
diam
X. virgas
ij.d.
ob.
quartam
partem
xj. d.
, qua.
unius acre et .v.
virgas
quartam
partem
xij. d.
ob. qua,
unius acre et xj.
virgas
quartam
partem
xviij.
d. ob.
unius acre dimi-
dium
quarterii
et .xiiij, vir-
gas
quartam partem
unius acre dimi-
dium quarterii
•vj. virgas et di-
midiam
quartam partem
unius acre .vij.
virgas et dimi-
diam
octavam partem
unius acre
xij. virgas et dimi-
diam
xvj. d. ob.
xij. d.
V. d.
iij. d.
APPENDIX. 167
Adam Pistor xiij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. ob.
diam et quartam
partem unius
varge
Summa vij. s. x. d. ob.
Summa terre hujus quarterii .ij. acre quarta pars
unius acre .xvij. virge dimidia et quarta pars unius
virge.
In nono quarterio
Johannes de xv. virgas iij. d. ob. qua.
Ihamme cleri-
cus
Robertus le Bare- vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob. qua.
bour diam
Radulphus Cocus vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
Adam dictus Cok' x. virgas ij. d. ob.
de Wyncestria
Pote dictus Chep- vj. virgas et quar- j. d. ob.
man terium
Henricus le Bakere .x. virgas ij. d. ob-
filius Benedicti
Rogerus Scappe x. virgas ij. d. ob.
Thomas Colram xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
diam
Heredes Ricardi quartam partem xiiij. d. ob.
Batayle unius acre .xviij. qua.
virgas et dimi-
diam et quarte-
rium unius virge
i68
APPENDIX.
Henricus Jacob
Vincencius Herberd
quartam partem
unius acre .xviij.
virgas dimidiam
et quarterium
unius virge
quartam partem
unius acre .xviij.
virgas dimidiam
et quarterium
unius virge
Johannes Pistor xij. virgas et dimi-
Witegrom diam
Walterus de Derte- xv. virgas
mue
Johannes Pistor xv. virgas
Witegrom
WilHelmus Pistel vj. virgas et quar-
terium
Godefridus clericus xv. virgas
StephanusGermeyn xv. virgas
Summa
xiiij. d. ob.
qua.
xiiij. d.
qua.
ob.
iij. d.
iij. d. ob. qua.
iij. d. ob. qua.
j. d. ob.
iij. d. ob. qua.
iij. d. ob. qua.
vj. s. xj. d. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii due acre . xiij. virge
dimidia et quarterium unius virge.
In decimoquarterio xiij. virgas dimi-
Johannes Takes- diam et quarte-
naw rium
Stephanus deWyn- vij. virgas et dimi-
tonia diam
Stephanus Wyn- vij. virgas et dimi-
card diam
iij. d. ob.
ij. d.
j. d. ob. qua.
APPENDIX. 169
Adam Pope vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
Stephanus Holt vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob. qua.
diam
Radulphus Bertelot vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
Laurencius Arniz vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. bb. qua.
diam
RicardusSteuening vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
Stephanus Wither vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob. qua.
diam
Eustacius Holt xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
Hugo Wymund viij. partem unius v. d. qua.
acre unam virgam
dimidiametquar-
terium unius
virge
Heredes Johannis xvij. virgas iiij. d. qua.
Adrian
Radulfus de Gil- xvij. virgas iiij. d. qua.
lingham
Christiana Weldisse viij. partem unius v. d. ob.
acre unam vir-
gam dimidiam et
quarterium unius
virge
Willielmus Qui- xvij. virgas iiij. d. qua,
liere
Willielmus de Mag- xv. virgas iij. d. ob. qua.
hefcld
170 APPENDIX.
Willielmus le Pal- v. virgas j. d. qua.
mer vetus
Mauricius Ingelard vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
Matillis relicta Jo- x. virgas ij. d. ob.
hannis Carite
Adam Stamer xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
diam
Hamo Campion xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
Willielmus Hanuile x. virgas ij. d. ob.
BartholomeusBone xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
diam
Adam Faber xij. virgas iiij. d. qua.
Symon Burne xij. virgas dimidiam iij. d. qua.
et quarterium
Willielmus Bakere xij. virgas dimidiam iij. d.
et quarterium
Heredes Gervasii .viij. partem unius v. d. ob.
Turepin acre unam vir-
gam dimidiam et
quarterium
Adam Cheke xvij. virgas iiij. d. qua,
Summa vij. s. vj. d.
Summa terre hujus quarterii due acre octava pars
unius acre .xix. virge dimidia et quarterium unius
virge.
In undecimo quar-
terio Batecok le viij. virgas ij. d.
Passur
APPENDIX.
171
Thomas Alard
Rogerus Mortumer
Gervasius Hughet
Johannes Ledeloue
Johannes Nowynd
Adam Weterledere
Gabriel Tristram
Hamo Blakeman
Matillis Steuening
Mihcencia Pigges-
teil
Wymarcha Pigges-
teyl
Alan us Goman
quarterium unius
acre dimidium
quarterii et .iij.
xvj. d.
virgas
vj. virgas
j. d. ob.
vj. virgas
j. d. ob.
iiij. virgas
j.d.
vj. virgas
j. d. ob.
X. virgas
ij. d. ob.
vij. virgas
j. d. ob. qua
vij. virgas
j. d. ob. qua,
vij. virgas
et
dimi-
j. d. ob.
diam
viij. virgas et quar-
terium
vij. virgas et dimi-
diam
ij. virgas et dimi-
diam et quarte-
rium
ij. d.
ij. d.
j. d. ob. qua.
Henricus Sauueney v. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob.
diam
Reynerus le Palmer
Motting Blobbere
Ricardus le Coggre
Broumengus Cris-
tyn
dimidia virga.
V. virgas
j.d.
qua.
iiij. virgas et dimi-
j.d.
diam
ix. virgas
ij. d,
, qua.
iiij. virgas et dimi-
j.d.
qua.
diam
Summa
iij.
s. viij. d.
,s quarterii una acra
.XV.
virgc et
172
APPENDIX.
XIX. virgas
TERCIA STRATA.
In duodecimo quar- viij. partem unius ix. d. ob. qua.
terio Willielmus
Burgeys
Johannes clericus
acre
et dimidiam et
quarter! um unius
virge
viij. partem unius
acre .xij. virgas
dimidiam e t
quarter! um unius
virge
viij. d. qua.
Johannes Yeuegod viij. partem unius vij. d. ob,
acre .ix. virgas
et dimidiam et
quarter! um unius
virge
Johannes Gascoign viij. partem unius v. d. ob. qua.
acre .iij. virgas
et dimidiam
viij. partem unius
Robertus Codelaw
del ord
V. d. ob.
acre unam virga-
Johannes Nase
tam ' dimidiam et
quarterium
viij. partem unius v. d. qua.
acre dimidiam
virgam et dimi-
dium quarterii
unius virge
' v'gat in the Record.
APPENDIX.
73
Johannes Yue filius xiiij. virgas unum iij. d. ob.
Henrici
Ricardus le Vetre
quarterium et di-
midium quarterii
unius virge
xiiij, virgas quar- iij. d. ob. qua.
terium et dimi-
dium quarterii
unius virge
Karolus Faber
viij.virgasdimidiam ij. d. qua.
et quarterium
unius vn-ge
Summa iiij. s. iij. d. ob.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra unum quar-
terium .V. virge et dimidia et dimidium quarterii unius
virge.
ij. d. ob.
In terciodecimo
quarterio Henri- xij. virgasdimidiam iij. d.
cus de Ecclesia
Ricardus Inthelepe x. virgas
Johannes Colekyn xij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob. qua.
le Paumer diam
Ricardus Trace vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
Williehnus Thurs- vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob. qua.
teyn diam
Walterus Scolloc vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
Williehnus Gerueys vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob. qua.
diam
Alanus Brounete- xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
sone diam
I 74 • APPENDIX.
Ricardus Scot del xiij. virgas iiij. d. qua.
ord
Herbertus dictus xvij. virgas iij. d. qua.
Brouning clericus
Petronilla Ingel- octavam partem v. d. qua.
herd unius acre unam
virgam et quar-
ter! uni
Laurencius clericus octavam partem v. d. qua.
unius acre unam
virgam et quar-
terium
Johannes Tailleur xvij. virgas
Petronilla relicta xvij. virgas
Johannis Purue-
aunce
Johanna de Stoke xij. virgas et dimi-
diam
Petronilla deHerte- xij. virgas et dimi-
pole diam
Ricardus Pace xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
Heredes Stephani .xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d,
Cornman diam
Johann-es filius Jo- xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
hannis Pace diam
Johannes Stroyl x. virgas ij. d. ob.
Johannes filius Ra- xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
dulphi Pace diam
Johannes Seman octavam partem vj. d. ob,
unius acre .v. vir-
gas et dimidiam
iiij.
, d.
qua
iiij
. d.
qua.
iij.
d.
iij.
d.
APPENDIX. 175
Walterus Songere octavam partem v. d. qua.
unius acre unam
virgam et quar-
ter! um
Laurencius Hask- xvij. virgas iiij. d. qua.
ard
Willielmus Skore- xvij. virgas iiij. d. qua.
feyn
Magnus Willielmus xvij. virgas iiij. d. et qua.
Summa vij. s. vj. d.
Summa terre hujus quarterii . ij. acre unumquarterium
una virga dimidia et quarterium unius virge.
In quartodecimo xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
quarterio Rober- diam
tus filius Radul-
phi Coci
Elecote Adam vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
Johannes Palmere x. virgas ij. d. ob.
filius Johannis
Palmere
Elyas Hamer x. virgas ij. d. ob.
Johannes Pollard x. virgas ij. d. ob.
Johanna et Petro- xv. virgas iij. d. ob. qua.
nilla filie Galfridi
Russel
Robertus Taunay xiij, virgas dimi- iij. d. ob.
diam et quarte-
rium
Henricus Bacun viij. partem unius viij. d.
acre et.xij .virgas
1 76 APPENDIX.
Robertus le Gric viij. partem unius v'j. d.
acre et .iiij. vir-
gas
Johannes de Mag- xvj. virgas iiij. d.
hefelde
Willielmus de Bro- xvj. virgas iiij. d.
kexe
Stephanus Colram xv. virgas iij. d, ob. qua-
Nicholaus Carpen- x. virgas ij. d. ob.
ter
Alanus Maynard x. virgas ij. d. ob.
Johannes Manekyn xiij. virgas dimi- iij. d. ob.
diam et quarte-
rium
Willielmus le Al- x. virgas ij. d. ob.
blaster
Galfridus Ponde- xvij. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. qua.
rous diam
Johannes le Dore xvij. virgas iiij. d. qua.
senior
Benedictus Peny- octavam partem v. d. ob. qua.
fader unius acre et .iij.
virgas
Johannes filiusGer- octavam partem vj, d.
vasii Alard unius acre et .iiij.
virgas
Heredes Cotewifde octavam partem vj. d.
Ihamme unius acre et .iiij.
virgas
Summa vj. s. x. d. ob. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii due acre et .xj. virge.
APPENDIX. 177
In quintodecimo viij. partem unius v. d. qua.
quarterio Ste- acre dimidiam
phanus Moriz virgam et dimi-
dium quarterii
Ricardus le Ropere x. virgas dimidiam ij. d, ob. qua.
e t d i m i d i u m
quarterii
RogerusdeEldinge x. virgas et quarte- ij. d, ob.
rium
Rogerus Godard xj. virgas et quar- ij. d. ob, qua.
terium
Ricardus Adam xj. virgas et quar- ij. d. ob. qua.
terium
Willielmus Belde viij. partem unius vj. d. qua.
acre et .v. vir-
gas
Johannes Chiprian xvij. virgas iiij. d. qua.
Henricus Heued xvij. virgas iiij. d. qua.
Vincencius Goldiue octavam partem v. d. qua.
unius acre unam
virgam et quar-
teriuni
Galfridus de Tened xij.virgasdimidiam iij. d. qua,
et quarterium
Robertus Germeyn xvij. virgas iiij. d. qua.
senior filius Ri-
cardi Germeyn
Johannes Crabbere xiiij. virgas dimi- iij. d. ob. qua.
diani et quarte-
rium
Stephanus de Cruce xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d,
diam
N
178
APrENDIX.
Willielmus Hog-
vij. virgas et dimi-
ij. d.
helyn
diam
BenedictusleBotere
viij. virgas
ij. d.
Radulphus Fauel
vij. virgas et dimi-
diam
j. d. ob. qua.
Willielmus de
viij. virgas et dimi-
ij. d. qua.
Burne
diam et quarte-
rium
Ricardus Blobbere
vij. virgas et dimi-
diam
j. d. ob. qua.
Adam Renting
X. virgas
ij. d. ob.
Robertus Broke
xiiij. virgas et dimi-
iij. d. ob. qua
juxta molendi- diam
num heredum
Johannis Bazan
Willielmus Suift
Ricardus Neam
Rogerus Cotesone
Johannes Lamb
iiij. d. qua.
iiij. d. qua.
ij. d. ob. qua.
Willielmus Neel
xvij. virgas
xvij. virgas
X. virgas dimidiam
et quarterium
viij. partem unius vj. d. qua.
acre .v. virgas et
dimidiam
viij. partem unius vj. d. ob.
acre .v. virgas et
dimidiam
Summa vij. s. vj. d. qua-
Summa terre hujus quarterii due acre unum quar-
terium dimidia virga et quarterium unius virge.
In sextodecimo
quarterio Galfri- viij. partem unius vj. d. qua.
dus Bauek
acre .v. virgas
APPENDIX.
1/9
Johannes Brouning
Bonne Botertoke
Johannes An eel
Johannes de Doure
Johannes Hanuile
Wllhelmus Brede-
ware
Johannes de Iham-
me
WilHelmus Pace
Johannes Gerueys
de Pesemerse
WilHehnus Godin-
ogh
Gervasius Scope-
heued
WilHelmus Scope-
heued
Walter us Spite-
wymbel
Johannes Remys
Ricardus Albard
Hugo Page
Ricardus Rucke
Gervasius Aldwvne
vnj. vu'gas
viij. virgas
X. virgas
V. virgas
X. virgas
XV. virgas
iiij. partem unius
acre .xiiij. virgas
dimidiam
iiij. partem unius
acre .xiij. virgas
et dimidiam
viij. virgas et dimi-
diam et quarte-
rium
vij. virgas et dimi-
diam
vij. virgas et dimi-
diam
vij. virgas et dimi-
diam
vij. virgas et dimi-
diam
vij. virgas et dimi-
diam
x. virgas
X. virgas
XV. virgas
viij. partem unius
acre, et .iiij. vir-
gas
ij. d.
ij. d.
ij. d. ob.
j. d. qua.
ij. d. ob.
iij. d. ob. qua.
xiij. d. qua.
xiij. d. ob.
ij. d.
ij. d.
j. d. ob. qua.
ij. d.
j. d. ob. qua.
ij. d.
ij. d. ob.
ij. d. ob.
iij. d. ob. qua
vj. d.
i8o
APPENDIX.
Stephanus Wyting viij. partem unius v. d. ob. qua.
acre .iij. virgas
et dimidiam
xix. virgas iiij. d. ob. qua.
xvij. virgas etdimi- iiij. d. ob.
diam
viij. partem unius v. d. qua.
acre et unam vir-
gam
xl. d.
Henricus Felipe
Robertas Isoude
Adam Stonhard
A latere hujusquar-
terii Gervasius
Alard junior
habet unam
acram
Summa xj. s. j. d. ob.
Summa terre hujus quarterii .iiij. acre unum quar-
terium .xiij. virge et quarterium unius virge.
xxvij. s. iiij. d.
OUARTA STRATA.
In septimo decimo
quarterio Jo- x. virgas et dimi- ij. d. cb.
hannes Dada diam
Johannes Ripecherl vij. virgas j. d. ob. qua.
Nicholaus Whif iij. virgas et dimi- j. d.
diam
Walterus Stoket v. virgas et quarte- j. d. qua.
rium
Johannes Bateman v. virgas et quarte- j. d. qua.
rium
Adam Lokyere v. virgas et quarte- j. d. ob.
rium
APPENDIX. l8l
Laurencius Yon x. virgas et dimi- ij. d. ob.
diam
Dominus Rogerus quartam partem xiij. d. ob.
de Leukenore unius acre et
.xiiij. virgas
Dominus Williel- quartam partem xiij. d. ob.
mus de Echinge- unius acre et
ham .xiiij. virgas
Simon de Echinge- quartam partem xiij. d. ob.
ham unius acre et
.xiiij. virgas
Nicholaus Pistor quartam partem viij. d. ob.
forester unius acre et
.xiiij. virgas
Henricus Seman octavam partem ix. d. qua.
unius acre et
•xvij. virgas et
quarterium
Rose Picard octavam partem v. d. qua.
unius acre et di-
midiam virgam
Johannes Bakere xiij. virgas iiij. d. qua.
filius Benedicti
Robertus Aubyn vj. virgas dimidiam j. d. ob. qua.
et quarterium et
dimidium quar-
terii
Henricus Doriual vj. virgas dimidiam j. d. ob. qua.
et quarterium et
dimidium quar-
terii
Laurencius Burgeys x. virgas ij. d. ob.
l82 APPENDIX.
Johannes Boghiere x. virgas ij. d. ob.
Matillis Beneyt x. virgas ij. d. ob.
Robertus Lef vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob. qua.
diam
Rogerus Mite Wile vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob. qua.
diam
Rengerus Wylekyn xiij. virgas iij. d. qua.
Summa viij. s. ob.
Summa terre hujus quarterii due acre unum quarterium
dimidium quarterii .v. virgas dimidiam et quarterium
unius virge.
In octavodecimo x. virgas et dimi- ij. d. ob.
quarterio Henri- diam
cus Heaued
Robertus Londo- vij. virgas dimidiam ij. d.
neys
Galfridus Trippe vij. virgas dimidiam j. d. ob. qua.
Godefridus Lang- x. virgas ij. d. ob.
ters
Adam Aleman, viij.vifgasdimidiam ij. d. qua.
boch[er]
Isabella Machon vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob. qua.
diam
Johannes filius Wil- x. virgas ij. d. ob.
lielmi Alard
Willielmus deCan- vij. virgas dimidiam ij. d.
tuaria
Ricardus Wibelot vij. virgas dimidiam ij. d.
WillielmusdeSand- x. virgas iij. d. ob. qua.
herst boch['er]
APPENDIX.
183
Simon de Helme
Robertus le Hane
viij. partem unius v. d.
acre et quarte-
rly m unius virge
viij. partem unius v. d.
acre et quarte-
rium unius virge
Adam Eufemme viij. partem unius v. d. qua.
Johanna relicta
Alani Godefrey
Johannes Panifader
Geraldus dictus
Batecok' ate
Welle
Henricus filius Jo-
hannis aurifabri
Salerna relicta Wil-
lielmi Maynard
Gervasius Pechun
Matillis Bakcstre
acre u nam virgam
et quarterium
unius virge
viij. partem unius
acre .v. virgas et
vj. d. ob.
dimidiam
octavam partem
V. d, qua
unius acre unam
virgam et quar-
terium unius
virge
xvij. virgas
iiij. d. qu
viij. partem unius vj. d. ob.
acre .v. virgas et
dimidiam
viij. partem unius vj. d. qua.
acre .v. virgas et
dimidiam
viij. partem unius v. d. ob. qua.
acre .ij. virgas et
dimidiam
vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob. qua.
diam
1 84
APPENDIX.
Willielmus Trottes-
male
Ricardus Cocus
Henricus Cornman
Henry Port
vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob. qua.
diam
X. virgas ij. d. ob.
vj. virgas et quar- j. d. qua.
terium unius
virge
Johannes Vetere
V. virgas
j. d. qua.
Robertas Reyner
vj. virgas et quarte-
terium
j. d. ob. qua
Robertas le Botere
xij. virgas et dimi-
diam
iij. d.
Alexander de Ec-
xvij. virgas
iiij. d. qua.
clesia
Ralph Yring
xvij. virgas
iiij. d. qua.
Galfridus Dali
xvij. virgas
iiij. d. qua.
Heredes Nicholai
xij. virgasdimidiam
iij. d. qua.
Quic
et quarterium
unius virge
Johannes Martin
xij. virgasdimidiam
et quarterium
unius virge
iij. d. qua.
Henricus Monning
Robertus Joliuet
Johannes Large
Johannes filius ejus
xij. virgas et dimi-
diam et quarte-
rium unius virge
xvij. virgas
xij. virgasdimidiam
et quarterium
xij. virgas et dimi-
diam et quarte-
rium
iij. d. qua.
iiij. d. qua.
iij. d. qua.
iij. d.
APPENDIX. 185
ReginaldusCarpen- xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
ter diam et quarte-
rium
Willielmus de la xvij. virgas iiij. d. qua.
Carette
Summa x. s. viij. d. ob. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii .iij. acre dimidia quar-
terium .ix. virge et dimidia et quarterium unius
virge.
In nonodecimo vij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
quarterio Henri- diam
cus de Strode
Willielmus deApel- v'ij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
tre sutor diam
HamoSutorde Rya vij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
diam
Henricus de Mo- vij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
ningeham diam
Johannes fraterejus vij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
diam
Johannes de Sand- vij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
wyco diam
Gervasius le Cord- vij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
waner diam
Willielmus le Bare- vij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
hour diam
Ricardus Scot, Co- vij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
tiler diam
Willielmus aurifa- vij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
ber diam
86
APPENDIX.
Stephanus aurifa-
XV. virgas et quar-
V. d. ob. qua,
ber
terium
Henricus Bron
quartam partem
unius acre dimi-
dium quarterii
.xvij. virgas et
quarterium unius
virge
xix. d.
Walterus Scappe
Riginaldus Alard
junior
Paulus de Home
Thomas Godefrey
quartam partem xix. d.
unius acre dimi-
dium quarterii
.xvij. virgas et
quarterium unius
virge
quartam partem xix. d.
unius acre dimi-
dium quarterii
.xvij. virgas et
quarterium unius
virge
quartam partem xix. d.
unius acre dimi-
dium quarterii
.xvij. virgas et
quarterium unius
virge
quartam partem xix. d.
unius acre dimi-
dium quarterii
.xvij. virgas et
quarterium unius
virge
APPENDIX. 187
Johannes Andreu quartam partem xj. d. ob.
unius acre .vj.
virgas et quarte-
rium unius virge
Johannes le Dore xv. virgas iij. d. ob.
Ricardus Godefray viij. partem unius vij. d. ob.
acre et .x. virgas
Summa xij. s. ix. d. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii .iij. acre dimidia .vij. virge
dimidia et quarterium unius virge.
In vicesimo quar- viij. partem unius ix. d. qua.
terio Williehiius acre et .v. virgas
Pate
Walterus de Scote- xiij. virgas dimi- iij. d. ob.
nie diam et quarte-
rium unius virge
Andreas Godard xiij. virgas dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam et quarte-
rium unius virge
Matheus Godard xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
diam
WiUielmus Toly xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua,
diam
Henricus filius Jo- viij. partem unius vj, d. qua.
hannis Alard acre et .v. virgas
Johannes Pontre xvj. virgas iiij. d.
Henricus Bakerc viij. partem unius v. d.
acre
Johannes Wallere viij. partem unius vj. d.
acre et .iiij. virgas
i88
APPENDIX.
Simon Salerne Ro- viij. partem unius vj. d.
geruset Johannes acre et .iiij. virgas
fratresconjunctim
Adam de Bidin- viij. partem unius vj. d.
denne acreet .iiij. virgas
Robertus filius Ro- xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
geri de Bidin- diam
denne
Johannes Squa- xv. virgas
chard
WiUielmus aurifa- xij. virgas et dimi-
ber frater Ste- diam
phani
iij. d. ob. qua.
Heredes Mathei le xv. virgas
iij. d. qua.
iij. d. ob. qua.
Machon
Godardus Cocus
viij. partem unius vj. d. qua.
acre et .v. virgas
Johannes Alard iiij. partem unius xiij.d. ob.qua.
acre .xv. virgas
et quarterium
unius virge
Robertus Paulyn iiij. partem unius xiij.d. ob.qua.
acre .xv, virgas
et quarterium
unius virge
Jacobus Paulyn dimidiam acram et xxiij. d. ob.
.xiiij. virgas
Johannes Godefrey viij. partem unius vj. d. qua.
acre et .v. virgas
Summa xj. s. j. d.
Summa terre hujus quarterii .iij. acre .viij. pars unius
acre ,xvij. virge.
APPEXDiX.
189
In vicesimo primo
quarterio Agnes
Panifader
Rector ecclesie
sancti Egidii re-
gis
Rogerus Paumer
Sampson Heaued
Willi elm us de
Ihamme
Johannes Sperke
Robertas Salerne
Margeria filia Ste-
phani Roberd
Rogerus Soutere,
piscator
Robertus Yeuegod
Willielmus Renting
Hcnricus Goldiuc
Sander dc Brokexe
longus
octavam partem .ix, d. qua.
unius acre .xvj.
virgas et dimi-
diam virgam
octavam partem ix. d.
unius acre .xvj.
virgas et dimi-
diam virgam
viij. partem unius v. d. ob.
acre .ij. virgas et
quarterium unius
virge
xviij. virgas etquar- iiij. d. ob.
teriumuniusvirge
viij. partem unius v. d. ob.
acre .ij. virgas di-
midiam et quar-
terium uniusvirge
xiiij. virgas dimi- iij. d. qua.
diametdimidium
quarterii unius
virge
xij. virgas dimidiam iij. d.
XV. virgas iij. d. ob. qua.
vij. virgas et dimi-
diam
X. virgas
XV. virgas
XV. virgas
xvij. virgas et dimi-
diam
j. d. ob. qua.
ij. d. ob.
iij. d. ob. qua.
iij. d. ob. qua.
iij. d. ob.
190
Petrus Goldiue
APPENDIX.
viij. partem unius
acre .vij. virgas
et quarterium
unius virge
Robertas de Can-
tuaria
vj. d. ob. qua.
V. d. ob. qua.
vnj. partem unius
acre .ij. virgas di-
midiam et dimi-
dium quartern
unius virge
Summa vj. s.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra dimidium quar-
terii .vij. virge et quarterium unius virge.
In vicesimo secun-
do quarterio
Bartholomeu s
Roberd
Willielmus de Pul-
ham
Paulus de Home
Walterus Scappe
Johannes Alard et
Justinus fratres
conjunctim
Johannes Buchard
ingulf
Thomas Pannoc
Cok Badding
viij. partem
unius
vij. d.
acre et. v
iij. vir-
gas
XX. virgas
V. d.
quarterium
unius
xviij. d
acre et
.xxxij.
virgas
dimidiam acram
XX. d.
dimidiam acram
XX. d.
xnij. virgas
Hamo de Marisco xiiij. \iiga
iij. d. ob.
xiiij. virgas iij. d. ob.
xvij. virgas dimi- iiij. d. qua.
diam
iij. d. ob.
APPENDIX.
191
]\Iuriele Scrith
Johannes Roteline
Alexander Pistor
de Westune
Willielmus Grubbe
xnij. virgas
xvij.
virgas
dimi-
diam
xiiij
\irgas
xnij.
vn-gas
Johannes Norreys, xvaj. virgas et dimi-
pistor diam
BrouningusPaumer xiiij. virgas
Ricardus OuiHere xiiij. virgas
Gervasius Popelote xvij. virgas dimi-
diam
Jordanus clericus viij.\irgasdimidiam
et quarterium
unius virge
X. virgas dimidiam
X. virgas dimidiam
Stephanus Specer
WilHelmus Passe-
lewe
Johanne Jone sone
xij. virgas et quar-
terium unius
virge
Summa
iij. d. ob.
iiij. d. ob.
iij. d. ob.
iij. d. ob.
iij. d. qua.
iij. d. ob.
iij. d. ob.
iiij. d. ob.
ij. d.
ij. d. ob. qua.
ij. d. ob. qua.
iij. d.
X. s. vj. d.
Summa terre hujus quarterii .iij. acre et .xxiij.
virge.
A latere hujus viij. partem unius vj. d. qua.
quarterii supra- acre et .v. virgas
scripte (sic) Jo-
hannes de Rac-
kele
Walterus de Maris- iiij. partem unius
CO acre
X.
192
APPENDIX.
Willielmus et Ri- viij. partem unius vj. d. qua.
cardus filii Tris- acre et v. virgas
trami le Frere
cum domo
Summa xxij. d. ob.
Summa istius terra dimidia acra et .x. virge.
Ix. s. xj. d. ob.
OUI
In vicesimo tertio
quarterioRicard-
us Digon, trom-
pour
Johannes Schey-
lard, pistor
Petrus Maynard
Johannes Alard
filius Johannis
Alard
Hamo Cotiler
HenricusdelaHaye
NTA STRATA.
xvj.virgasdimidiam iiij. d.
xvj. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. qua.
diam
viij. partem unius v. d. ob.
acre .ij. virgas et
dimidiametquar-
terium unius virge
viij. partem unius v. d. ob. qua.
acre .ij. virgas et
dimidiametquar-
teriuni unius virge
xj. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. qua.
diam etdimidium
quarterii virge
unius
xiiij. virgas dimi- x. d. ob.
diam etdimidium
quarterii unius
virge
APPENDIX.
193
Galfridus Draueke
Willielmus Frost
Johannes de Brede
Petrus Blosme
Robertus Russel
Rogerus Machon,
bocher
Johannes Beneyt
Adam Vader
xij. virgas dimi-
diam at quar-
ter i u ni u n i u s
virge
xij. virgas quarte-
rium et dimidium
quarterii unius
virge
xij. virgas quarte-
rium et dimidium
quarterii unius
virge
xij. virgas quarte-
rium et dimidium
quarterii unius
virge
xij. virgas quarte-
rium et dimidium
quarterii unius
virge
xij. virgas quarte-
rium et dimidium
quarterii unius
virge
xij. virgas quarte-
riumet dimidium
quarterii unius
virge
xij. virgas quarte-
rium et dimidium
quarterii unius
virge
O
iiij.d.ob. qua.
iiij. d. ob. qua.
iiij. d. ob. qua.
iiij. d. ob.qua.
iiij. d. ob. qua.
iiij. d. ob. qua.
iiij. d. ob. qua.
iiij. d. ob. qua.
194
Adam Erl
Beneyt Bocher
WilHelmus Dod
iiij. d. ob. qua.
iiij. d. ob. qua.
APPENDIX.
xij. virgas quarte-
rium etdimidium
quarterii unius
virge
xij. virgas quarte-
rium etdimidium
quarterii unius
virge
xij. virgas quarte- iiij.d. ob. qua.
rium etdimidium
quarterii unius
virge
Summa vj. s. ix. d. ob.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra dimidia una
virga et quarterium unius virge.
In vicesimo quarto xvj. virgas
quarterio Jo-
hannes le Pal-
mere
of Upredinge
Willielmus Heued x. virgas
Robertus Germeyn, x. virgas
junior
Stephanus de Bro- xviij. virgas dimi
kexe
diam et quarte-
r i u m unius
virge
vj. d.
ij. d. ob.
ij. d. ob.
iiij. d. ob. qua.
Petronilla de Bro-
kexe mater ejus
xj. virgas dimidiam ij. d. ob. qua.
et quarterium
unius virge
APPENDIX. 195
Ricardus Germeyn xvij. virgas et quar- iiij. d. ob.
filius Ricardi terium unius
virge
Ricardus Germeyn xv. virgas dimidiam iij. d. ob. qua.
pater ejus
Robertas Crips, xv. virgas et dimi- iiij. d.
pistor diam
Stephanas Withon viij. partem unius v. d. qua.
acre et unam vir-
gam
BartholomeusCam- xij. virgas dimidiam iij. d.
pion
Henricus ate Merse vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
Thomas Malherbe xij. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. ob.
diam
Johannes Valer xij. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. ob.
diam
Walterus de Maris- xij. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. ob.
CO diam
Willielmus de Ma- xij. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. ob.
risco diam
Gwido Cissor xij. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. ob.
diam
Robertas Specer xij. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. ob.
dictus Jolif diam
Johanna Dore xij. virgas ct dimi- iiij. d. ob.
diam
Henricus Louecok xij. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. ob.
diam
Wilhelmus Citeu- xij. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. ob.
este diam
196
Walterus ate Walle
Johannes Deth
APPENDIX.
xij. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. ob.
diam
X. virgas
iij. d. ob. qua.
Summa vij. s. v. d. ob. et qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra dimidia unum
quarterium unius acre .v. virge dimidia et quarterium
unius virge.
In vicesimo quinto
XV. virgas
iij. d. ob. qua
quarterio Ricard-
us de Bilesham
Willielmus Deryng
X. virgas
ij. d. ob.
Sampson Cok Moris
vij. virgas
diam
et
dimi-
j. d. ob. qua.
Nicholaus Albard
vij. virgas
et
dimi-
ij. d.
filius Ricardi
diam
Albard
Jonas filius Williel-
XX. virgas
V. d.
mi Burgeys
Radulphus le Buf
XX. virgas
V. d.
Johannes Picard
xij. virgas
dimi-
iij. d.
de
diam
Johannesdelwherst viij. partem unius
acre .xiij. virgas
et dimidiam
viij. partem unius
acre .xiij. virgas
et dimidiam
viij. partem unius
acre
viij. partem unius
acre et .v. virgas
P e t r o n i 1 1 a
Ivvherst
Johannes filius Ro-
bert! Paulyn
Hamo Roberd
iiij. d. ob.
viij. d. qua.
v. d.
vj. d. qua.
APPENDIX.
197
RicardusBonenfant
clericus
Willielmus Griffin
Robertus Goto-
bedde
Laurencius Cupere
Alexander de Bro-
kexe, curtus
Thomas Roger,
pistor
Henricus Jordan
Goldingus Pistor
X. virgas
ij. d. ob.
vij. virgas dimidiam ij. d.
vij. virgas dimidiam j. d. ob. qua.
X. virgas
ij-
d. ob.
xij. virgas et dimi-
iij.
d. qua
diam
viij. partem unius
vij
. d.
acre .viij. virgas
dimidiam
viij. partem unius
vj.
d.
acre et iiij. virgas
viij. partem unius
vj.
d.
acre et iiij. vir-
gas
Summa
vj. S. X,
Summa terre hujus quarterii due acre .viij. virge et
dimidia virga.
In vicesimo sexto
quarterio Jo-
hannes filius Go-
defridi Buchard
Adam Palmere
Dionisius filius
Henrici Paumer
Matheus Songere
Thomas Cissor
Benedictus Carite
vuj. partem unms
acre
v. d.
x. virgas
X. virgas
X. virgas
XV. virgas
iiij. partem unius
acre et .ij. vir-
gas
ij. d. ob.
ij. d. ob.
ij. d. ob.
iij. d. ob. qua.
X. d. ob.
198
APPENDIX.
Johannes Grik'
Robertus filius Ste-
phani aurifabri
Robertus Scalle
Willielmus de Can-
terbire, sutor
Henricus Stronge
Ricardus le Cannere
iiij. partem unius
acre dimidium
quarterii et .xij.
xviij. d.
virgas
XV. virgas
XXXV. virgas
X. virgas
X. virgas
X. virgas
Summa
iij. d. ob. qua.
viij. d. ob.qua.
ij. d. ob.
ij. d. ob.
ij. d. ob.
V. s. iiij. d. ob. qua*
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra et dimidia et
.xix. virge.
SEXTA STRATA.
In vicesimo septimo
quarterio Gerva-
sius Alard senior
Philippus filius
Laurencii clerici
Robertus filius Ro-
bert! le Hane
Ricardus Bene
Alanus Dagard
Walterus Coting
dimidiam acram
XX. d.
viij. partem unius vj. d. ob. qua.
acre et .vij. virgas
viij. partem unius v. d. ob.
acre .ij. virgas et
dimidiam
xiij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. ob.
diam
xiij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
xiij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. ob.
diam
APPENDIX.
199
Stephanus Fachel xiij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
Nicholaus Dodlef xiij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. ob.
diam
Thomas Dodlef xiij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
frater ejus diam
Johannes Forester, viij. partem unius vj. d. qua.
pistor acre et .v. virgas
Henricus Jacob dimidiam acram xx. d.
Major de Wynchel- unam acram xl. d.
sea quicunque
fuerit
Summa ix. s. x. d. od. qua
Summa terre hujus quarterii .ij. acre dimidia acra
unum quarterium dimidium quarterii et. xv. virge et
dimidia.
In vicesimo octavo
quarterio Thomas
le Mathon
Robertus filius Jo-
hannis Valer
Alicia Coggere
Mabilia Coggere
Juliana Gotebeddc
Dionisius Whitloc
Johannes Calot
Alanus Grindclof
Adam Randulf
xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
XV. virgas
iij. d. ob. qua.
viij. virgas dimidiam ij, d. qua.
et quarterium
unius virge
V. virgas
v. virgas
j. d. qua.
j, d. qua.
j. d. qua.
v. virgas
vij. virgas dimidiam j. d. ob. cjua.
vij. virgas dimidiam ij. d.
xij. \irgas dimidiam iij. d.
200 APPENDIX.
Mabilia Lynlegges- xj. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
tre diam quarterium
et dimidium
quarterii unius
virge
Reginaldus Cok xix. virgas dimi- v. d.
Alayn diam et quarte-
rium unius virge
Goda Charles xj. virgas dimidiam iij. d.
quarterium et di-
midium quarterii
unius virge
Alexander dictus xvj. virgas iiij. d.
Louecok' Rede-
grom
Ricardus Aleyn xij. virgas iij. d.
Walterus Longus viij. partem unius vj. d.
acre et iiij. virgas
Johannes le Visch' viij. partem unius vj. d. ob. qua.
acre et .\"ij. virgas
Willielmus de Sal- xvj. virgas iiij. d.
cote
Gilbertus Ledzetre xij. virgas iij. d.
Rogerus Bulloc viij. partem unius v, d.
acre
Johannes ate viij. virgas iij. d.
Merse
Johannes Specer vj, virgas et quar- ij. d. ob.
terium
Henricus de Ley- vij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
cestria diam
Robertus Chauri v. virgas j. d. ob. qua.
APPENDIX.
201
Ricarclus Deth
vj. virgas
terium
et
quar-
ij. d. ob.
Robertus Bertelot
V. virgas
j. d. ob. qua.
Johannes de Arun-
vij. virgas
et
dimi-
iij. d.
del
diam
Willielmus frater
X. virgas
iij. d. ob. qua,
ejus
Petrus de Arundel
X. virgas
iij. d. ob. qua,
Robertus Codelawe
vij. virgas
diam
et
dimi-
iij. d.
Willielmus de Pul-
xij. virgas
et
dimi-
iiij. d. ob.
ham
diam
Robertus Withon
xix. virgas
dimi-
V. d.
diam et
; quarte-
Willielmus de Ro-
mene, pistor
Henricus Bocher
Henricus Atenende
Jacobus filius
Thome Godefrey
Lucia Dicta Douce
Martin
Theobaldus Pistor
Alicia filiaHamonis
de Colecestria
Johannes de Lind-
herst
rmm unms virge
XV. virgas dimidiam iiij. d.
et quarterium
unius virge
xvij. virgas dimi- iiij. d. qua.
diam ct quarte-
rium
xij. virgas iij. d.
viij. partem unius vij. d.
acre et .viij. virgas
xvj. virgas iiij. d.
viij. partem unius v. d.
acre
xvj. \irgas iiij. d.
xvj. virgas
iiij. d.
202 APPENDIX.
Mabilia Pollard xvj. virgas iiij. d.
Johannes de Fortes- xvj. virgas iiij. d.
mue
Willielmus Cupa- xiiij. virgas iij. d. ob.
rius de Apeltre
Summa xij. s. ij. d. ob. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii .iij. acre unum quarterium
unius acre dimidium quarterii et .ij. virge.
In vicesimo nono xvj. virgas et quar- iiij. d. qua.
quarterio Ro- terium unius
bertus le Hore virge
Robertus Prest xj. virgas et quar- ij. d. ob. qua.
terium
Simon Lineter viij. virgas dimidiam ij. d.
et quarterium
Walterus le Frye viij. virgas dimidiam ij. d. qua.
et quarterium
Cronnok relicta vij. virgas dimidiam ij. d.
Wileman
Ancel Candelarius vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob. qua.
diam
Spakeman Cocus vij. virgas et dimi- ij. d.
diam
Alexander Hughe- viij. virgas ij. d.
man
Andreas Rape xvj. virgas et quar- ij. d. ob. qua.
terium
Johannes Faber xv. virgas iij. d. ob. qua.
Ranulfus de Oc- xj. virgas et quar- ij. d. ob. qua.
lynge terium
Robertus deGIynde xv. virgas iij. d. ob. qua.
APPENDIX.
203
Stephanus filius
Willielmi Pate
Dionisia rclicta Si-
monis de Hy-
denie
Philippus de Berne-
horne
Willielmus de Odi-
mere
Thomas Bone
Alanus Kenting
Johannes Crutel
Coraldus Taverner
Thomas Suift
Johannes Heuer
Robertus de Prom-
hell
Simon aurifaber
Johannes filius Jo-
hannisdeCarecta
Bartholomeus frater
ejus
Henricus ate Carte
Walterus Prinkel
Henricus Visch'
Gilbertus Cogi^ere
XV. virgas
viij. partem unius
acre .ij. virgas et
dimidiam
xviij. virgas et di-
midiam et quar-
terium
XV. \-irgas et quar-
terium
x\ij. virgas et dimi-
diam
X. virgas
vij. virgas et dimi-
diam
vij. virgas et dimi-
diam
vij. virgas et dimi-
diam
xij. virgas et dimi-
diam
XV. virgas
XV. virgas
XV. virijas
XV. virgas
XV. virgas
XV. virgas
XV. \irgas
XV. \irgas
iiij. d. ob. qua.
V. d. ob. qua.
iiij. d. ob.
iij. d. ob. qua.
iiij. d. ob.
ij. d. ob.
j. d. ob. qua.
ij. d.
j. d. ob. qua.
iij. d. qua.
V. d. ob. qua.
iij. d. ob. qua.
iij. d. ob. qua.
iij. d. ob. qua.
iij. d. ob. qua.
iij. d. ob. qua.
iij. d. ob. qua.
iij. d. ob. qua.
204
APPENDIX.
Radulphus Modi
Johannes Thomas
virgas
ij. d. ob, qua.
V. d. ob. qua.
viij. partem unius
acre .ij. virgas et
dimidiam
XV. virgas iij. d. ob. qua.
Summa ix. s. j. d. ob. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii due acre dimidia et
dimidium quarterii .x. virge et dimidia.
Thomas de Green
In tricesimo quar-
xij. virgas et
dimi-
iij. d.
, qua.
terio Laurencius
diam
Cuppere
Johannes de Ho
X. virgas
ij. d.
ob.
Thomas Teppe,
vij. virgas et
dimi-
j.d.
ob. qua.
sutor
diam
Johannes filius Re-
octavam partem
v. d.
ginaldi Alard
unius acre
Henricus Home
X. virgas
ij. d.
ob.
Petrus filius Wil-
XV. virgas
iij. d.
. ob. qua.
Helmi Renting
Vincencius fiHus
viij. partem
unius
V. d.
Roberti Cyteu-
acre
este
Agnes Panifader
unum quari
terium
X. d.
Johannes Alard
Henricus Jacob
Robertus le Lode-
leghe, pistor
Johannes Hewe
unuis acre
dimidiam acram xx. d.
quarterium unius x. d.
acre
xxvj. virgas vj. d. ob.
xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
diam
APPENDIX.
205
Johannes Pollard xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
Petronilla Brokexe xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d.
diam
xij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
ix. virgas et quarte- ij. d. qua.
Hum
ij. d. qua.
ij. d. qua.
ij. d. qua.
ij. d. qua.
xiij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
Willielmus filius xiij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
Sampsonisdictus diam
Guillot
Summa viij. s. iiij. d. ob. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii due acre dimidia dimidium
quarterii unius acre .v. virgc et quarterium unius virge.
Walterus filius ejus
Nicholaus Beil-
werghte
Alexander Ropere
Radulphus Porter
Rogerus Pote
Johannes Treneri
Johannes Schen-
chere
IX. virgas
ix. virgas
ix. virgas
ix. virgas
xvij. virgas
In tricesimo primo dimidiam acram et ij. s. qua.
quarterio Regi-
naldus Alard
senior habet in
extcriori loco
ville predictc
Robertus Stoket
viij. virgas dimidiam
et quarterium
X. virgas
Bate Pelliparius
Alanus Yonge, pel- x. virgas
li pari us
ij. cl. qua.
ij. d. ob.
ij. d. ob.
206 APPENDIX.
Johannes Audemcr, x. virgas ij. d. ob.
pelliparius
Phelippus Cardi- x. virgas ij. d. ob.
nel, pelliparius
Johanna relicta Jo- xv. virgas iij. d. ob. qua.
hannis Michel
Summa iij. s. iiij. d. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra dimidia virga et
quarterium unius virge.
xliij. s. qua.
SEPTIMA STRATA.
In tricesimo secun- viij. partem unius v. d. ob. qua.
do quarterio Jo- acre et .vj. virgas
hannes filius
Walteri Scappe
WillielmusBurgeys iiij. partem unius ix. d.
acre
Johannes filius Ra- iiij. partem unius ix. d.
dulphi Pate acre
Nicholaus Alard dimidiam acram xviij. d.
Thomas Godefrey dimidiam acram xviij. d.
Summa iiij. s. xj. ob. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra dimidia et
.xxvj. virge.
In tricesimo tertio xv. virgas iij. d. qua.
quarterio Thomas
filius Godefridi
Bochard
Johannes le Cupere x. virgas ij. d. qua.
APPENDIX. 207
Johannes le Bakere x. virgas ij. d. qua.
schipwerghte
Willielmus Scot x. virgas ij. d. qua.
Robertus \M\vard vij. virgas et dimi- j. d. ob.
diam
Robertus filius Ade x. virgas ij. d. qua.
de Wyntonia
Gervasius Andrea xiij. virgas dimi- iij. d.
diam et quarte-
rium
Stephanus O.sebarn xviij. virgas dimi- iij. d. ob. qua-
diam et quarte-
rium
Thomas Albus, xv. virgas iij. d. qua.
pistor
Adam Erl xj. virgas et quarte- ij. d. ob.
rium
Rogerus Fikeys xiij. virgas et quar- ij. d. ob. qua.
terium
Augerus Binder xiij. virgas et quar- ij. d. ob. qua.
terium
Johannes de Beil- xij. virgas et dimi- ij. d. ob. qua.
werghte diam
Johannes Barete v. virgas j. d.
Agnes Pilchcre v. virgas et dimi- j. d. qua.
diam
Paganus Coggere vj. virgas et quarte- j. d. qua.
rium
Coleman Petit, v. virgas j. d.
sutor
Thomas d ictus vj. virgas et quarte- j. d. qua.
Boun Mounyer rium
208 APPENDIX.
Robertus Balloc xj. virgas et quar- ij. d. ob.
terium
Gervasius Scot xij. virgas et dimi- ij. d. ob. qua.
diam
Thomas de Mey- xv. virgas iij. d. qua.
destane
Gervasius Tone- viij. partem unius v. d.
man acre .ij. virgas et
dimidiam
Johannes Terri xviij. virgas et dimi- iij. d. ob. qua.
diam et quarte-
rium
Willielmus Denote xviij. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. ob. qua.
diam et quarte-
rium
Walterus Schyue xviij. virgas et dimi- iiij. d. ob. qua.
diam et quarte-
rium
Summa v. s. v. d.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra dimidia unum
quarterium dimidium quarterii .v. virge dimidia et quar-
terium unius virge.
In tricesimo quarto xiij. virgas j. d. ob.
quarterio Adam
Faber
Theobaldus Wal- vj. virgas j. d.
terman
Williehnus de Che- vj. virgas j. d.
lintone
Johannes filius Bene- vj. virgas i. d.
dicti le Bocher
APPENDIX. 209
Johannes Kemesse ix. virgas j. d. ob. qua.
Domus sancti Jo- unam acram dimi- iij. s. v. d. ob.
hannis habet diam quarterium
et .vij. virgas
Petronilla relicta viij. partem unius iiij. d. ob. qua.
Mauricii Jacob et acre .ij. virgas et
Petronillafiliasua dimidiam
RicardusdePulham xviij. virgas iij. d. ob.
Joceus Tigelere ix. virgas j. d. ob. qua.
Johannes Eue xiij. virgas et dimi- .iij. d.
diam
Summa v. s. ob. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra dimidia unum
quarterium et .v. virge.
In tricesimo quinto dimidiam acram xviij. d.
quarterio Johan-
nes et Bartholo-
meus de Carett'
Adam Stonhard unum quarterium ix. d.
unius acre ct .iij.
virgas
Henricus de Carett' unum quarterium ix. d.
unius acre
Walterusle Granger xv. virgas iij. d.
dictus Mite Steue
Isabella filia More- x\. \irgas iij. d.
k}-n Jacob
Summa iij. s. vj. d.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra tliniidia (]uartc-
rium et .xiij. virge.
xviij. s. xj. d. ob.
P
2IO
APPENDIX.
OCTAVA STRATA.
In tricesimo sexto
quarterio Gerva-
sius Alard senior
Vincencius Herberd
Stcphanus de Bi-
dindenne et Jo-
hannes de Iham-
me, clericus
Thomas Colram
unum quartenum
unius acre .iij.vir-
gas dimidiam et
dimidium quar-
terii unius virge
unum quarterium
unius acre .iij. vir-
gas dimidiam et
dimidium quar-
terii unius virge
unum quarterium
unius acre .iij. vir-
gas dimidiam et
dimidium quar-
terii unius virge
unum quarterium
unius acre. iij. vir-
gas dimidiam et
dimidium quar-
terii unius virge
Summa
ix. d. ob.
ix. d. ob.
ix. d. ob.
ix. d. ob.
nj. s. ij.
Summa terre hujus quarterii una acra .xiiij. virge et
dimidia.
In tricesimo septi- dimidiam acram
mo quarterio
Vincencius Her-
berd
xviij. d.
APPENDIX. 2 I I
Stephanus Ger- dimidiam acram xviij. d.
meyn
Johanna filia ]\Iay- xv. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
nardi Cornhethe diam
Robertus Ricard x\". virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
Willielmus Russel xv. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
WillielmusdeEsche xv. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
Heredes Radulphi octavam partem v. d.
Choi unius acre .iij.
virgas et quarte-
rium
Dionisius ]\Iareys xv. virgas et dimi- iij. d. qua.
diam
Willielmus le Lung xix. virgas et quar- iiij. d. qua.
terium
Sampson Heucd xix. virgas et quar- iiij. d. qua.
terium
Johannes filius vij. virgas j. d. qua.
Martini de ec-
clesia
Thomas Boltan vij. virgas j. d. qua.
Ranulphus Skelc x. virgas ij. d. qua.
Stacc mater ejus viij. virgas j. d. ob.
Matillis l^eauchef xj. virgas j. d. qua.
Willielmus Page x. virgas ij. d. qua.
Stephanus Roperc ^ ij. virgas j. d. qua.
Thomas le Mas vij. virgas j. d. ([ua.
Laurencius clericus octavam partem iiij. d. ob.
unius acre
2 12 APPENDIX.
Jacobus filius xix. virgas iiij. d. qua.
Thome de Mey-
destane
Johannes Seman unum quarterium ix. d.
unius acre
WilHelmus Semam unum quarterium ix. d.
unius acre
Summa viij. s. viij. d. ob. qua.
Summa terre hujus quarterii tres acre et unum quar-
terium unius acre.
In tricesimo octavo .xv. virgas iij. d. qua.
quarterio Thomas
ate Curt, bocher
Dyn chaper x. virgas ij. d. qua.
Willielmus de Mo- viij.virgasdimidiam j. d. ob. qua.
rile, bocher et quarterium
unius virge
WilHehnus de Po- x. virgas ij. d. qua.
testerne carpen-
ter
Johannes Machon x. virgas ij d. qua.
Willielmus de xij. virgas et dimi- ij. d. ob.
Schettele diam
Willielmus de viij. partem unius v. d. ob. qua.
Brede acre et vij. virgas
Thomas Haldan viij. partem unius v. d. ob. qua.
acre et vij. virgas
Willielmus Lamb viij. partem unius v. d. ob. qua.
acre et vij. virgas
Gilbertus de Cruce quartam partem .ix. d.
unius acre
APPENDIX. 21 ^
O
Ricardus Guillot de viij. partem unius v. d. ob.
Kyngestone acre et .v. virgas
Johannes Godefrey quartam partem xj. d. ob.
unius acre et .xij.
virgas
Alexander de Bro- viij. partem unius vij. d. ob. qua.
kexe, curtus acre et xv. virgas
Henricus Yue quartam partem ix. d.
unius acre
Johannes filius Re- quartam partem ix. d.
ginaldi Alard unius acre
Jacobus Paulyn unam acram iij. s.
Summa ix. s. xj. d. qua.
Summa terra hujus quarterii .iij. acre unum quarterium
unius acre et .xix. virgc et quarterium unius virge.
In tricesimo nono dimidiam acram ubi xviij. d.
quarterio Robert- edificauit
us Clericus
Domus sancti Bar- duas acras vj. s.
tholomei
Domus sancte Cru- unam acram iij. s.
cis
Summa x. s. ct vj. d.
Summa terre hujus quarterii .iij. acre et dimidia.
V 2
2 14
APPENDIX.
Hee sunt placee liberate ad edificandum et
arentate sub pendente mentis ex parte aqui-
lonari in terra aque salse proxima et pericu-
losa in omnibus custuosis/
Primo Stephanus
aurifaber habet
in primo quar-
terio
Nicholaus Alard
Henricus Jacob
Stephanus Colram
Johannes de Mag-
hefelde
Justinus Alard
Johannes Seman
Alexander de Bro-
kexe, curtus
Jacobus Paulyn
Jacobus Paulyn de
Upredinge
Johannes Takes-
nau
Johannes le Visch
Willielmus Ssman
Henricus filius Jo-
hannis aurifabri
nj. virgas
xij. virgas
xij. virgas
vij. virgas
vij. virgas
vij. virgas
vij. virgas
vij. virgas
xij. virgas
vj. virgas
vj. virgas
v. virgas et quarte-
rium
iiij. virgas et quar-
terium
iiij. virgas et quar-
terium
j.d.
iij. d. ob.
iij. d. ob.
iij. d. qua.
ij. d. qua.
ij. d. qua.
ij. d. qua.
ij. d. qua.
iij. d. ob.
j. d. ob. qua.
j. d. ob. qua.
J'
d. ob.
j. d. qua.
j. d. qua.
^ I never saw this word before, but it appears to be made for the
occasion from the old French " costeaux," i.e., on all sides.
APPENDIX.
21
Johannes de Scote-
nie
Henricus Bakere
Adam de Bidin-
denne
Stephanus Withon
Simon de Scotenye
Vincencius Her-
bcrd
Johannes Grik'
Reginaldus Alard
junior
Johannes Alard
Gervasius Alard
junior
Thomas Godefrey
Johannes Andreu
Willielmus Neel
Stephanus Moris
Petrus Goldiue
Willielmus Pate
Henricus Bacun
Ricardus Baytaile
Willielmus Batayle
Maheu de Horn
iiij. virgas et quar-
terium
iiij. virgas et quar-
terium
V. virgas et quarte-
rium
V. virgas et quarte-
rium
V. virgas et quarte-
rium
vj. virgas
vij. virgas
xiiij. virgas
xiij. virgas
xiiij. virgas
xiiij. virgas
xiiij. virgas
vj. virgas
vj. virgas
ix. virgas
vij. virgas et dimi-
diam
vj. virgas et quarte-
rium
vij. virgas et dimi-
diam
vj. virgas et quarte-
rium
X. virgas
j. d. qua.
j. d. qua.
j. d. ob.
j. d. ob.
j. d. ob.
j. d. ob. qua.
ij. d. qua.
iiij. d.
iiij. d. qua.
iiij. d. qua.
iiij. d. qua.
iiij. d.
j. d. ob. qua.
j. d. ob. qua.
ij. d. ob. qua.
ij. d. qua.
j. d. ob. (jua.
ij. d. qua.
j. d. ob. (jua.
iij. d.
2l6
APPENDIX.
Jacobus filius
Thome Barba-
toris
Walterus de Rac-
kele
Johannes Lamb
Robertus de Carett'
Thomas Alard
Godardus Cocus
Johannes Godefrey
Johannes Thomas
Stephanus de Bro-
kexe
Paulus de Home
Willielmus de Sal-
cote
Ricardus de Pese-
merse
Reginaldus Cok
Aleyn
Johannes fiHus Jo-
hannis pistoris
Robertus ate
Merse
Heredes Johannis
Batan
Galfridus Bauek
Adam Stonhard
vj. virgas et quarte- j. d. ob. qua.
rium
vj. virgas et quarte- j. d. ob. qua.
rium
V. virgas et dimi- j. d. qua.
diam
vij. virgas
xij. virgas
ix. virgas
X. virgas
X. virgas
X. virgas
ij. d. qua.
iij. d. ob.
ij. d. ob. qua.
iij. d.
iij. d.
iij. d.
xnij. virgas
iiij. virgas
iiij. virgas
iiij. virgas
iiij. virgas
iiij. virgas
iiij. d. qua.
j. d. qua.
j. d. qua.
j. d. qua.
j. d. qua.
j. d. qua.
octavam partem x. d.
unius acre et .xiij.
virgas
iiij. virgas et dimi- j. d. qua.
diam
iij. virgas dimidiam j. d.
et quarterium
APPENDIX.
217
Willielmus de Bro-
kexe
Reginaldus Alard
senior
Walterus Scappe
Johannes Pate filius
Johannis Pate
Johannes Batayle
Copyn de Lyde-
hame
Robertus Hane
Johannes Yue
JohannesfiHusHen-
rici Yue
Henricus Yue'
Stephanus Ger-
meyn
Thomas Bone ct
B arth olomeus
filius ejus
Stephanus de Bi-
dindenne
Johannes Bochard
filius Godcfridi
Henricus ate Carte
Willielmus de Pole-
ham
iij. virgas dimidiam j. d.
et quarterium
vij. virgas j. d. ob. qua.
iiij. virgas et dimi- j. d. qua.
diam
iiij. virgas et dimi- j. d. qua.
diam
iiij. virgas et dimi- j. d. qua.
diam
vj. virgas j. d. ob. qua.
iiij. virgas et dimi-
diam
iiij. virgas et dimi-
diam
iiij. virgas et dimi-
diam^
iiij. virgas et dimi-
diam
iiij. virgas et dimi-
diam
\j. virgas
\j. \irgas
iiij. virgas et dimi-
diam
VJ. virgas
vj. virgas
j. d. qua.
j. d. qua.
j. d. qua.
j. d. qua.
j. d. qua.
j. d. ob. qua.
j. d. ob. qua.
j. d. qua.
j. d. ob. (]ua.
j. d. (.A), qua.
2l8 APPENDIX.
Willielmus Maucap vj. virgas
Johannes Folke iiij. virgas et dimi-
diam
Ricardus Pate iiij. virgas et dimi-
diam
Johannes Pate frater v. virgas et quarte-
ejus rium
Henricus Broun \j. virgas
Johannes de Iham- vij. virgas
me, clericus
Willielmus Burgeys vij. virgas
Thomas Colram vij. virgas
Gervasius Alard x. virgas et d'ani-
senior diam
Robertus Scalle vj. virgas
Johannes filiusGer- vj. virgas
veys Alard
Summa xiij. s. ob. qua.
Summa terre sub pendente .iij. acre dimidia .xx. virge
et quarterium unius virge.
Summa summarum tocius arentacionis .xiiij. libre .xj.
solidi .V. denarii obolum quadrans.
XX
Summa summarum tocius terre predicte .iiij. acre .vij.
acre dimidia acra dimidium quarterii unius acre .vij. virge
et quarterium unius virge.
Item dicti Major et Jurati dicunt quod anno regni
Regis Edwardi sextodecimo citra festum sancti Jacobi
Apostoli dominus J. de Kyrkeby tunc episcopus Elienen-
sis ex parte domini nostri Regis communitatem de
Wynchelsea de tota terra contenta in rotulis illis in pre-
j-
d.
ob.
qua.
j-
d.
qua
••
j-
d.
qua
-
j-
d.
ob.
j-
ij
d.
. d.
ob.
qua.
ij
i!
ii
. d.
. d,
j.d
j-
j-
d.
d.
ob.
ob.
qua.
qua.
APPENDIX. 219
sencia vicecomitis comitatus Sussexie et aliorum nobilium
tarn militum quam aliorum plurimorum de dicto comitatu
in seisinam posuit ex parte domini Regis et dicte com-
munitatis. Repromittentes quod a solucione dicte aren-
tacionis a festo supranominato usque in septem annos
proximos subsequentes quieta esset et absoluta. Hujus
autem repromissionis occasione edificati et arentati usque
in presenti [tempore] nichil soluerunt. Super qua repro-
missione voluntas domini Regis in omnibus perficietur.
Et ad majorem [securitatem] Major et Jurati assensu
tocius communitatis predicte sigillum dicte communitatis
hiis presentibus apponi fecerunt. Datum apud Wynchel-
sea die Sabbati proximo ante festum sancti Michaelis
Archangelli anno regni domini nostri Regis Edwardi
vicesimo. [28 Sept. a.d. 1292.]
I'lxXIS.
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