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 . -
 
 ' - 
 
 f tin fiutial anD (xs% 
 
 OP LEAENING 
 
 THE ITA'LIAN LANGUAGE, 
 
 A.FTEE THE SYSTEM OF 
 
 F. AHN, 
 
 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHr, AND PROFESSOR AT THE COLLEGE 
 
 OF NEUSS. 
 
 t 
 
 ADAPTED FOB THE C3E OP ENGLISH SCHOLARS, FEOM THE TEXT OF 
 P. A. DE FILIPPI, PBOFESSOB OF ITALIAN AT VIENNA. . 
 
 BY 
 
 A. H. MONTEITH, 
 
 LATE PRINCIPAL OF THE ROBERTSONIAN INSTITUTION. 
 
 SECOND COURSE. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 ALLMAN AND SON, 42, HOLBOEN HILL. 
 1859.
 
 AHN'S METHOD. 
 
 SECOND ITALIAN COUKSE. 
 
 1. 
 
 Miei, m. plu. of mio. Guastato, out of order, spoiled. 
 
 Gentile, gentle, pretty. ^ Tela (f.) , linen, canvas, a painting. 
 Pidggia (/.), rain, a shower.^ Grosso, large, coarse. 
 
 Campestre, rural. I Che sia, that it is. 
 
 Frequente, frequent. \ Tirata (/.), a distance, stretch. 
 
 Torre (/.), a tower. \ Deserto (m.), a wilderness. 
 
 Lume (in.), a light. - { Rapdce, rapacious, ravenous. 
 
 Obbligato,oi%eef. Contadino (m.), a countryman. 
 
 Agnello (w.), lamb. , Capanna (f.), a cottage, a hut. 
 
 Contento, glad. Domestico, domestic. 
 
 Genio (rw.), liking. \ Canipagna (/.), the country. 
 
 Volpe (/.), a fox. \ Addomesticato, tame. 
 
 Gia (adv.), now, before. Da, since, /or, as. 
 
 Terzo, third. Palazzo (.), a palace. 
 
 HEM. Words that h.ave appeared in the first course are not 
 repeated in the second. 
 
 Di chi sono questi guanti ? Sono i miei. Questi sti- 
 vali sono i nostri e quelli sono i vostri. La tua piccola 
 sorella ha un piccolo cane inglese, ch'e molto gentile. 
 Le frequenti piogge di quest'anno, hanno guastato le 
 frutta campestri. Mio cugino e mia cugina sono ancor 
 giovani. La tela di quest' abito e molto grossa. II pa- 
 lazzo e la torre souo molto antichi. Ecco un lume 
 
 1117C01
 
 2 AHlSi's SECOND ITALIAN COtTKSE. 
 
 Signore. Gliene sono obbligato, Che cosa dice di quell' 
 agnello ? E eccellente. Sono contento che sia di 
 suo genio. L'uffizio della posta lungi di qui ? Si 
 Signore, v'e una buona tirata. Nei boschi e nei deserti 
 dell' Africa e dell' Asia vi sono molti animali rapaci. I 
 contadini hanno nelle loro capanne ogni sorta d' animali 
 domestici. Nella nostra casa di campagna abbiamo una 
 volpe ch' addomesticata. Mia sorella amraalata gia 
 da tre settimane ; nostra madre n' 6 molto afflita. L' 
 Imperatore Napoleone Terzo ha molti nemici, ma egli ha 
 anche molti amici. 
 
 Panno (m.), cloth. Cameriera (/.), a chamber-maid. 
 
 Coldre (m ), a colour. Contessa (/!), a countess. 
 
 Asino (m.), an ass. Pittdre (w.), a painter. 
 
 Moda (f.), a fashion. Cantante (m. or/!), a singer. 
 
 Fudri (adv.), out. Marchese (m.), a marquis. 
 
 T?ino,fine. Marchesa (/.), a marchioness. 
 
 Attfvo, active. Industrioso, industrious. 
 
 Qualita (/.). quality. Castello (m.), a castle. 
 
 REM. Names of towns, countries, and adjectives derived from 
 names of nations, that are not inserted in the vocabularies, will be 
 found, page 109, Appendix to First Course. 
 
 Whose ribbons are these ? They are those of Eugenia. 
 Whose servants are those ? This is ours, and that is tha 
 chamber-maid of the countess. Whose house is that ? It 
 is mine. What books have you brought ? mine P No, 
 they are theirs. Is this your exercise ? No, it is that of 
 my cousin. My friend is an excellent painter. The sister 
 of the artist is an excellent singer. The marquis and the 
 marchioness are very affable. My grandfather and grand- 
 mother are still unwell. Are your uncle and aunt very 
 rich? The workman and the workwoman are very poor. 
 The gardener and the gardener's wife are very active. The 
 servant-man and the servant-maid are very industrious. 
 The church and the tower are very ancient. This cloth is 
 coarse, but that is finer. My son and daughter are still 
 little. Your nephew and niece are very studious. The
 
 A EN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTJBSE. 3 
 
 castle and palace of Moscow are very high. The quality 
 of this cloth is good, but the colour is out of fashion. 
 
 3. 
 
 Fiume (m.), a river. Place vole, amusing, pleasant. 
 
 Mondo (m.), the world. Garbato, of address. 
 
 Nazioiie (f.), a nation. Speziale (m.), an apotftecary. 
 
 Nobile, noble. Assai (adv.), rather, very. 
 
 Che, as. Stesso, same, self, itself, even. 
 
 Sovrano (m.\ a sovereign. Non e piu, no longer. 
 
 Bocca (/.), the mouth. Pulito, clean, polished. 
 
 Esercito (m.), an army. Interamente (adv.), entirely. 
 
 Fu, was. Distrutto, destroyed. 
 
 Borghese (m.), a citizen. Istrultivo, instructive. 
 
 REM. in this and succeeding exercises, when the third person 
 is used for the second, the pronoun will he written with a capital 
 letter, as servo Suo, S ignore, your servant, Sir. (See REM. Ex. 
 174, First Course.) 
 
 Dove ha Ella comprato questi begli specchj ? Quel 
 calzolajo e sempre allegro. La terra e una piccola parte 
 del mondo. II di Lei amico un' uomo garbato. Tutt'i 
 fanciulli dello speziale sono ammalati. II gentile Suo 
 figlio e la gentile Sua figlia sono un poco imbarrazzati. 
 Non avete un piccolo giardino nel villaggio ? II nostro 
 giardino non e piccolo, 6 assai grande. Dov'e mio pa- 
 dre ? Suo padre e Sua madre sono adesso nel parco. 
 La nazione francese e nobile e generosa. II nostro Dio 
 lo stesso che il loro. Non piu Roma sovrana del 
 mondo. Londra e* pnl pulita di Parigi, ma non cosi 
 bella. II Danubio, che ha sette bocche, e uno dei piti 
 grandi fiumi dell' Europa. L'esercito tedesco fu intera- 
 mente distrutto. Un libro istruttivo e piacevole 6 
 spesso letto. Questi giardini sono belli, ma quei parchi 
 sono troppo piccoli. Conosce Ella quei Signori ? Si, 
 questi sono artisti di Milano, e quelli sono borghesi di 
 Lisbona. 
 
 B 2
 
 AHN S SECOND ITALIAN COT/USE. 
 
 Pipa (/.), a pipe. 
 Ragazzo (m.), a boy. 
 Ragazza (/), a gM. 
 Giacomo (m.), James. 
 Attdre (,), on actor. 
 Attrice (/), an actress, 
 Chiave (/.), key. 
 Collana (/.), a necklace. 
 Cal/.etta (/!), a stocking. 
 
 4. 
 
 Lira (/.), a silver coin worth tenpence. 
 Schiurna di mare (/.), meerschaum. 
 Collega (*w.), a colleague. 
 Statuetta (/.), a statuette, a little statue. 
 Mazzetto, di fiori (.), a bouquet. 
 Orecchfno (/.), an ear-ring. 
 Gi<5rno di festa (.), a holiday. 
 Fondamento (m.), a support. 
 Pagliaccio (.), a straw mattress. 
 
 REM. Such English possessives as John's friend, the lny' 
 book, will bane to be rendered in Italian by the friend of John, the 
 book of the boy, and so on. 
 
 This is my uncle's snuff-box. That is the butcher's dog. 
 These ear-rings are my sister's. Julia and James are ir 
 the apothecary's garden. Here are Eugenia's cousins. 
 The workman's son is very little. Are you that gentle- 
 man's heir? Here is my brother's hat. Where is the 
 new boy's pen P This pupil's ink is not black. Our 
 master's school is very large. I have seen the emperor's 
 carriage. That girl is the shoemaker's daughter. Here is 
 Lucy's old parasol. The meerschaum pipe is not mine, it 
 is Louis's. That is the doctor's horse. The marquis's 
 bedroom is very handsome. Is Louisa not Joseph's cou- 
 sin P Your father's advice is excellent. Is John's friend 
 not very tall ? The artist is the actor's colleague. This 
 necklace is that actress's. The stockings are those chil- 
 dren's. My mother's servant-maid has lost the key. The 
 merchant's boy has brought the straw mattress. 
 
 Gustdso, savoury. 
 Cu6re (w.), the heart. 
 Estate (/.), summer. 
 Sete ^/.), thirst. 
 Diligenza (/.), diligence. 
 Scultore (m.), a sculptor. 
 Elefante (m.), an elephant. 
 Lerine (m.), a lion. 
 Leotiessa (/.), a lioness. 
 Base (/.), a oasis. 
 
 5. 
 
 Battuto, beaten, thrashed. 
 Ami, thou lovest. 
 Ami&mo, let us love. 
 Tormentato, tormented. 
 Raccontero, / xhall (ell. 
 Vivono, they live. 
 Stracciato, torn. 
 Montagna (/.), a mountain. 
 Etna (/.), Mount Etna. 
 Virtuoso, iiirtuotta.
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTTRSE. 5 
 
 Religione (/.), religion. Rispettato, respected. 
 
 Tiratojo (m.), a drawer. Prosperiamo, we prosper. 
 
 REM. The definite article is used in Italian with the names of 
 the seasons, mountains ; with such abstract nouns as diligence, 
 patience, hunger, thirst, and generally with all nouns put indefi- 
 nitely when totality is implied, and no other qualificative word- 
 precedes the noun. (See Rein. Ex. 110, First Course.) The 
 article is, however, dropped in such locutions as andate con dili- 
 genza, go with diligence ; quei prigioriieri si nut riscono di pane e 
 d'acqua, these prisoners are fed on bread and water. 
 
 Ami tu il lavoro ? Arniamo la virtti. Siarao nel 
 cuore dell' estate. Dio ha dato la vita all' uomo. Quel 
 povero ammalato e tormentato dalla sete. I frutti della 
 diligenza sono sempre dolci. Le frutta de'giardini sono 
 assai gustose. II figlio dell' artista 6 stimato da tutti. 
 La piccola Eugenia e stata battuta. Le case del mar- 
 chese sono state vendute. Ho veduto jeri nel parco tuo 
 fratello ed il suo. Le cugine dello scultore sono ancot 
 giovani. Ho comprato quei fiori pella mia recchia nonna. 
 Luigia ha ricevuto dalla marchesa un piccolo cane. L' 
 Etna non e una montagna altissima. Le donne virtuose 
 son da tutti stimate e rispettate. Coi libri e colla penna, 
 prosperiamo nel mondo. La religione e" la base ed il 
 fondamento d'ogni virtil. L'elefante e 1'elet'antessa, il 
 leone e la lionessa vivono nei paesi caldi. Di questo e 
 di quello vi racconter6 uiia bella storia. Abbiamo tro- 
 vato nel tiratojo la vostra grammatica e la loro j la 
 loro e ancor nuova, ma la vostra e 1 stracciata. 
 
 6. 
 
 Comodo, convenient. Picciolo. (See piccolo.) 
 
 Elegante, elegant. Luigi (m.), a Louis d'or, a pound. 
 
 Morto, dead. AnecSra, again. 
 
 Mie, f. plu. of mio. Bastone (m.), a stick. 
 
 Torino (m.}, Turin. Calzoni (m. plu.), trowsers. 
 
 Ameno, delightful. C'amiciuola (/.), a vest. 
 
 Mulo (m.), a mule. Giallo, yellow. 
 
 Amo, / like. Mazzetto (m.), a bunch. 
 
 Vestito (/.), a coat. Se (coiij ), tf, whether. 
 
 B 3
 
 6 AHK'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 REM. TJiere is no difference between the words picciolo and 
 piccolo except in so far as regards the orthography, and it may not 
 be inadvisable to observe here, that a great many words are written 
 in two or three different ways by the best Italian authors ; thus 
 we have officio, qficio, ofizio, uficio, and uffizio, all signifying 
 office ; then, there is megliore or migliore, denaro or danaro, 
 domandare or dimandare, and a multitude of other duplicates of 
 the same kind. In most words i between two vowels is written,;'; 
 but some writers adhere to the t notwithstanding, so there are 
 authorities for both paio and pajo. Then as regards contraction, 
 most writers drop e before another e, as ch'b, dove, for che e, 
 dove &, but others always write these combinations out in full, 
 others again only when the word ending in e is emphatic ; the 
 usages of the language in these respects being by no means fixed. 
 
 These shoemakers are always merry. Your friend is an 
 elegant young man. All the butcher's dogs are dead. 
 The sons of my colleague are talented young men. My 
 sisters have bought those beautiful ear-rings. How muck 
 money have they given for them ? They have given more 
 than twenty-eight pounds for them. Milan is much hand- 
 somer than Turin. Russia is less populous than Austria. 
 Paris is more populous than Vienna, but Paris is less 
 populous than London, The environs of Constantinople 
 are more delightful than those of St. Petersburg. The 
 ox is much stronger than the horse. The ass is smaller 
 than the mule. I like your friend because he is an c-xcel- 
 lent artist. My grandmother has lost her umbrella again. 
 Mr. Beppo has bought a hat and a stick. Has your little 
 brother iound his French grammar yet P The tailor has 
 brought a pair of trowsers, a yellow vest, and a black 
 coat, 
 
 7. 
 
 Stava, he stood, he was. Scorre, it flows. 
 
 Ecclesiastico(i.), a clergyman. Spagna (f.), Spain. 
 
 Stessa, herself, itself. Pericolo (m.}, danger. 
 
 Disprezzare, to despise. Suoi, m. plu. of suo. 
 
 Ragionevole, sensible. Giacinto (m.) a hyacinth. 
 
 Qi.auli (e) ? how many ? Dolore (in.), pain. 
 
 Signorfna (/.) Mis, a young lady. Toro (*.), a bu,l. 
 
 Rotto, broken, strewti. Capra (/) a yoat.
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 7 
 
 REM. Words beginning with s followed by a consonant have 
 sometimes an i prefixed, particularly when preceded by the particle 
 nan, or by some similar word ending in consonant. Under such 
 circumstances, we may either write strada or istrada, Spagna or 
 Ispayna, stava or istava } and so on. 
 
 Servo Suo, Signore, come sta il di Lei fratello ? Jeri 
 non istava troppo bene. Quest' inchiostro non iscorre 
 dalla penna. L' istoria non e sempre vera. Questa 
 strada e lunga ma non & larga. In Ispagna vi 
 sono molti ecclesiastici. I buoni soldati devono dis- 
 prezzare i pericoli e la vita stessa. Perch' 6 questo 
 ragazzo sempre cosl allegro ? Sono questi fazzo- 
 letti i Suoi od i miei ? Avete portato i bicchieri o le 
 bottiglie ? I figli del giardiniere sono certamente moltc 
 ragionevoli. Di chi sono questi cani ? Quanti lapis e 
 quaate penne avete comprato ? L' ombrello verde di 
 mio nonno d ancor molto utile. Giuseppe ha perduto 
 la sua pipa di schiuma di mare. II fanciullo dell' operajo 
 ha portato questa lettera a mia zia. Questi cappelli 
 sono di Giovanni e quelle calzette sono d' Eugenia. 
 Questa Signorina e la sorella di Giuglia, e quel giovane 
 e il figlio dello scultore. Avete voi comprato al mercato 
 per Luigia un mazzetto di fiori, e per Lucia un giacinto ? 
 
 8. 
 
 Affo (/.). a needle. Vesuvio (m.), Mount Vesuvius. 
 
 Vedova (/.), a widow. Pio (m.*), Pius. 
 
 Pettine (m.), a comb. Algieri (m.), Algiers. 
 
 Stdraaco (m.), the stomach. Bellicdso, warlike. 
 
 Pie<le (m.}, the foot. Ammirato, admired. 
 
 Peeora (/), a sheep. Tutti (m. plu.), all, every one. 
 
 Guerra (/.), war. Perdita (/.) loss. 
 
 R EM . The definite article is dropped in Italian between two 
 nouns in apposition, that is, when the second denotes the rank or 
 dignity or profession of the first, as, Alessandro Imperatore di tutte 
 le Russie, Alexander THE emperor of all the Russias. It is like- 
 wise dropped in speaking of emperors, kings, and popes, before the 
 ordinal numbers, as. Carlo Duodecimo, Charles THE Twelfth i 
 Sisto Quinto, Sextus THE Fifth.
 
 8 AHN'S SECOKD ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 Pius the Ninth* is an old man. Charles the Fifth of 
 Spain was a warlike monarch. Napoleon the Third is the 
 emperor of France and Algiers, he is also the ally of Eng- 
 land. Mount Vesuvius is higher than Mount Etna. Virtue 
 is admired and respected by everyone. These strangers are 
 very rich. These poor people are industrious workmen. 
 Are your nephews still unwell? My sisters have received the 
 ear-rings, and they are very merry. Whose cats are these ? 
 Are the trees in your garden high ? I have bought some Irish 
 linen and some Dutch cloth. Have you seen my grand- 
 father's green umbrella ? That poor girl has lost a lira. 
 I have lent my necklace to the gardener's daughter. Our 
 neighbour has sold his carriage to the countess. The ser- 
 vant has given the key to the marquis, and not to the 
 marchioness. The poor widow has received some money 
 from her brother. James has written a long letter to his 
 mother. The doctor's friend is a good actor, and his wife 
 is a good actress. 
 
 9. 
 
 Caduto, fallen. ScaccerS, I will turn out. 
 
 Terra (/.), the ground. Disubhidierite, disobedient. 
 
 Poslo (m.), a place. Saraiino, they will be. 
 
 Non mai, never. Mila (plu. of mille), thousand, 
 
 Spesa (/.), expense, cost. Capelli (m. phi.), the hair. 
 
 Benessere (m.), welfare. Cruna (f.), the eye (of a needle). 
 
 Ditale (m.), a thimble. Maresciallo (m.), a marshal. 
 
 Ostinato, obstinate. Odore (m.), smell, fragrance. 
 
 Benchfe (a.), although. Failato, failed. 
 
 REM. The definite article is dropped in some constructions, 
 before the nouns cost, ground, table, house, as a spese degli 
 altri, at THE cost cf others ; da terra,/rwn THK ground ; in tavola, 
 on THE table. The article is likewise very often dropped before 
 the nouns- theatre and country, as da teatro, from THE theatre ; 
 in campagna, in THE country. 
 
 La statuetta & caduta a terra. II pranzo e adesso in 
 tavola. Dov' 6 mio padre ? Suo padre e Sua madre 
 
 * The ordinal numbers are given, page 109, Appendix to First 
 Course.
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUUSE. 9 
 
 sono in casa. Abbiamo avuto a teatro un buon posto. lo 
 ti scaccero di casa se tu sei sempre cosi disubbidiente. 
 Gli uomini non saranno mai felici a spese del benessere 
 degli altri. II tuo collega 6 un eccellente pittore, 
 anche sua sorella e buona pittrice. II mercante ha ven- 
 duto due mila paja di calzette. La contessa ha venduto 
 una delle sue case al mio vicino. Chi ha comprato 
 quest oca ? Mia zia ha dato un pagliaccio alia povera 
 vedova. II tuo amico e -un' uomo attivo, ma non e un' 
 uomo garbato. Non e la marchesa ancor giovane? 
 Quegli stranieri sono dei poveri ecclesiastic!. Lo zio dell' 
 Imperatore Napoleone e ancor ammalato. La serva ha 
 dato il mio ombrello al figlio dello scultore. II marito 
 di Lucia fu un ricco erede. L'artista ha ricevuto un 
 bell' oriuolo dalla regina. Dov' e il mio ditale ? Esso 
 era questa mattina nel tiratojo. 
 
 10. 
 
 Eta (/!), age. Andate, go, you go, you are going. 
 
 Cnrpo (/.), the body. Noce (/!), a walnut. 
 
 Voce (/.), the voice, Noce (?.), a walnut-tree. 
 
 Filo (m.), thread. Oste (>n.),a landlord, an innkeeper. 
 
 Merletto (m.), lace. Ostessa (/.), a landlady. 
 
 Fascia (/.), a band. Pavdne (m.\ a peacock. 
 
 Ferro (m.\ iron. Pavonessa (/. ), a peahen. 
 Freschezza (/".), freshness. Orecchio (m.), the ear. 
 
 When two nouns are used in English to signify the same 
 thing, they are reversed in Italian, and di placed between them, as 
 
 un' oriuolo d' oro, a gold watch ; male di denti, tooth-ache. 
 In a few of these locutions, the article is used, as la chiave della 
 porta, the door-key ; in others the use of the article is optional, as 
 
 la porta di casa, or, la porta della casa, the house door. 
 
 Ai'e you going to the theatre 1 Is my brother in the 
 house ? Have you seen the iron bridge in London ? No, 
 but I have seen the stone bridges. Has Lucy not a silk 
 band ? Yes, and she has also a lace pocket-handkerchief. 
 The poor widow has sold her pearl necklace. "Where is 
 my silver snuff-box ? That gentleman is our school- 
 master. My grandfather has lost his cotton umbrella. Is
 
 10 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 the house door not open ? The emperor has presented a 
 gold ring to the new actor. Are these the children's 
 thread stockings ? Who has seen the door-key P Our 
 laundress is a very old womau. The innkeeper is still 
 unwell, and so is his wife. The landlady is still young, 
 and so is her husband. The marquis is ill now, and the 
 marchioness is always ill. The marshal has been our 
 neighbour. The little orphan girl has found a gold watch. 
 We have a beautiful peacock and two peahens in our 
 country-house. 
 
 11. 
 
 Mamma (/.), mamma. Pidppo (m.), a poplar-tree. 
 
 Uscio (m.), a door. Alabastro (m.), alabaster. 
 
 Giiscio (i.), a shell. Furono, they were. 
 
 Luce (f.), light. Generate (.), a yeneral. 
 
 Lago (m.}, a lake. Perdonato, pardoned. 
 
 Pesce (m.), a fish. Gente (./".), people, a crowd. 
 
 Spino (m.), a thorn. Magnificente, magnificent. 
 
 Espdsto, exposed. Esperienza (/.), experience. 
 
 REM. The English possessive pronouns my, thy, his, her, its, 
 your, our, are rendered in Italian by the definite article o, il, la, 
 whenever the person implied may be readily inferred from the 
 context. Sometimes, in English, when parents or relations are 
 spoken of, the possessive is dropped, as father is ill, mother is out ; 
 in these cases also, the definite article is used in Italian. 
 
 La madre ed il padre sono ammalati. Per chi 6 
 qnesto posto ? Questo posto 6 pella sorella. La casa 
 dello zio non e grande. lo sono stata nella camera del 
 nonno. Questa carta e queste penne sono pelle cugine. 
 La mamma ha comprato uua dozzina di fazzoletti per 
 me. Quell' auello e d'oro. La tabacchiera di mio zio 
 e d'argento. Mio fratello ha un' ombrello di seta. Ho 
 ricevuto dallo scultore una bella statuetta d'alabastro. 
 L'uscio della camera era aperto. II guscio della noce e 
 caduto a terra. Dove sono le chiavi della porta ? Jer 
 sera 1'Imperatore e 1'Imperatrice furono a teatro. Giuseppe 
 ha stracciato i temi dello scolare. II generale ha per- 
 donato 1'errore del soldato. I vizj della nazione sono
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 11 
 
 stati esposti alia luce del giorno. I cittadini di Londra 
 sono molto laboriosi. Questa gente serapre allegra 
 benche povera. In California vi sono bei fiori ed alberi 
 magnifici. In questo lago vi sono pesci d'ogni sorta. 
 Ho comprato questi libri pel figlio del vicino. 
 
 12. 
 
 Esperto, sJci 7 fnl. Qnadro (m.), a picture, painting. 
 
 Dotto, learned. Vinsi, I gained, won. 
 
 Dito (>.), the finger. Gi\)6co(m.),agame, play, playing. 
 
 Popolazzo (m.), the populace. Straordiuariamente, extremely. 
 
 Filosofo (m.), a philosopher. Comprare, to buy, to purchase. 
 
 Carit ate vole, charitable. Ricchezze (f. plu.), riches,wenlth. 
 
 Pazienza (f.), patience. Pregio (m.), price, worth, glory. 
 
 Earamente (adv.), rarely. Aggradevolmente, pleasantly. 
 
 REM. The definite article is sometimes used after a preposition 
 in Italian, though redundant in English, as Perdere danaro al 
 ffiuoco, to lose money AT PLAY ; stare lungo tempo al let to, to stay 
 long IN BED. 
 
 Is grandfather in the garden ? No, but grandmother ia 
 there. Aunt is unwell to-day. My brother is not in the 
 house at present. Where have you bought that pearl 
 necklace ? Give this gold snuff-box to your master. The 
 marquis has presented a silver cup to the actress. I have 
 bought a silk hat this morning. In uncle's house there 
 are a great many fine paintings. I gained more than 
 twenty pounds at play last night. The Emperor Napoleon 
 is a generous enemy. Every street that is long is not also 
 broad. The dress of the countess is extremely beautiful. 
 Men ought not to purchase wealth at the price of honour. 
 A skilful physician is a most useful man. The poor blind 
 beggar has lost his dog. Austrian steel is not so good as 
 that of Sweden. The landlady is a very affable and 
 charitable woman. The Queen's palace is pleasantly 
 situated. All clergymen are not learned philosophers. 
 We ought not to read wicked books. Domestic animals 
 are useful to man.
 
 12 AHN'S SKCOKJD ITALIAN COTJBSE. 
 
 13. 
 
 Tagliate, cut. Grande, severe, serious. 
 
 Graffiato, scratched. lliconosco, / recognise. 
 
 Sento, I feel. Dicdste, you whispered. 
 
 Sente, he, she, or it feels. Sottile, fine, thin. 
 
 Puro, pure. Fallo (m.), a fault, mistake. 
 
 Succdso, juicy. Temperie (/.), temperature. 
 
 Per (prep.), over. Occhialj (m., plu.). spectacles. 
 
 Male (adv.), ill, badly. Augurio (m.), a guess, wish. 
 Artigiano (m.), an operative. Rosso, red. 
 
 REM. "When in English, the possessive pronouns my, thy, his, 
 her, its, our, your, their are used with the nouns hand, head, feet ; 
 with any other member of the body, or with nouns signifying some- 
 thing indentified with one's own person ; they are rendered in 
 Italian by the definite article lo, il, la, as Si e hen rimessa dell' 
 iiifreddatura? Have you quite recovered from YOUR cold? Some- 
 times, under such circumstances, the article corresponding with 
 the English possessive is dropped in Italian, as II dottore rimase 
 stupefatto colle molle in mono, the doctor stood stupified with the 
 tongs IN HIS HAND. In such locutions, when the possessive is 
 put accusatively in English, a dative pronoun is used with the 
 article in Italian, as slacciaterai il busto, literally: loosen TO ME 
 THE waist, i. e., untighten MY waist. The Italian idiom is partial 
 to the use of the article under such circumstances, even when no 
 possessive is implied, as quell' uomo ha il naso lungo, that man 
 has a long nose ; quella ragazza ha t capelli biondi, that girl has 
 fair hair. 
 
 Ti riconosco alia voce. Voi gH diceste qualche cosa 
 all'orecchio. Mi sento male per tutto il corpo. Taglia- 
 temi un po' i capelli. Mi avete graffiato 1' orecchio col 
 pettine. Mio nonno ha lo stomaco guastato. Mia madre 
 sente grandi dolori al piede. Quest' ago e troppo sottile ; 
 ha la cruna rotta. I giovani non devono leggere che i 
 libri utili. Giuseppe ha scritto una lettera pell' artigiano. 
 II nostro vicino ha comprato un mantello pella piccola 
 orfana. Ho portato dei fiori pei fanciulli diligenti. II 
 maestro ha dato agliscolari penne, carta, lapis ed inchiostro. 
 Le mie sorelle hanno dato i due ventagli all' artista. 
 Abbiamo della buon' acqua puva, del buon vino boemo, 
 e della buona birra baverese. II piccolo Carlo ha dato 
 il pane agli uccelli che sono nel parco di San Giacomo.
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUESE. 13 
 
 Mio fratello ha fatto molti falli ne' suoi temi. II fico fe 
 piil dolce dell' albicocca, e la pera e phi succosa del porno. 
 II ciriegio meno alto del noce, ed il pioppo 6 piu alto 
 della quercia. Non c'e qualche ragazzo che possaandare 
 all' uffizio della posta ? No, non c'e nissuno. Date 
 qualche cosa alia povera vedova. Ognuno di noi sa ci6 
 che deve fare. Ho dato un premio ad ognuno de' miei 
 scolari. 
 
 14 
 
 Naso (>w.), the nose. Vigilante, watchful. 
 
 Geneva (/.) Genoa. Godimento (.), enjoyment. 
 
 Crudo, raw. Ferito, wounded, cut. 
 
 Unghia (/".), a nail. Pessirao. worst, very bad, most 
 
 Fettuccia (/.), a ribbon. wretched. 
 
 Vivace, lively. Corraggioso, brave, valiant. 
 
 Elisabetta (/.), Elisabeth-. Colonnello (w.), a colonel. 
 
 Ferdinando (/.), Ferdinand. Bidndo, flaxen, fair, light. 
 
 REM. Nouns signifying titles take the definite article in Italian, 
 as La Regina Vittoria, Queen Victoria ; il Maresciallo di Sas- 
 sonia, Marshal Saxe ; la Signora Smith, Mrs. Smith. 
 
 Has the Marquis red hair? No, but he has a red 
 nose. King Ferdinand of Naples is an obstinate monarch. 
 Queen Elizabeth was admired and respected by the popu- 
 lace. Colonel Schouardin was much esteemed by General 
 Kleber. Marshal Radetsky was a brave Austrian soldier. 
 Mr. Beppo has often been at Genoa. Miss Beppo is one 
 of my worst pupils. Are the leaves of these trees not 
 yellow ? The wars of the French in Algiers were very 
 savage. Our old laundress is a very industrious woman. 
 Why is this vest so long ? The temperature of this 
 country is very raw. Little Julia has blue eyes. That 
 boy's nails are too long. The butcher's son has a cut 
 finger. For whom are those beautiful flowers ? Have 
 your sisters fair hair? My mother has bought some 
 cotton pocket-handkerchiefs, some Irish linen, and some 
 silk ribbons. The bull is stronger than the ox, and the 
 sheep is not so Lively as the goat.
 
 14 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUHSB. 
 
 15. 
 THE AUXILIARIES. 
 
 The conjugations of the auxiliary verbs avere, to have, 
 and essere, to be, are given in Appendix to First Course. 
 
 Dispdsto, disposed. Abbastanza (adv.), enough. 
 
 Sano, healthy. Malcontento, dissatisfied, discontented* 
 
 Perdete, you lose. Se stesso, one's self, himself. 
 
 Pieno, fuK. Occupato, busy, occupied. 
 
 Fa, it is. Adesso (adv.), just now. 
 
 Torbido, stormy. Temono, they are afraid. 
 
 Aschitto, dry. Inutilmente uselessly. 
 
 Anche (adv.), therefore. Nondimeno (adv.), however,nevertheless, 
 
 Di rado (adv.), rarely. Pena (/.), grief, trial, toil. 
 
 Oggi e un giorno di festa. I tuoi fratelli hanno pazi- 
 enza abbastanza. Questa mattina voi non siete ben dis- 
 posti. Questi scolari sono di rado diligenti. I miei vicini 
 hanno dei fanciulli industriosi. I vostri cani sono vi- 
 gilantissimi. Quanta carta avete comprato ? L' artista 
 e spesso malcontento di se stesso. Noi siamo adesso 
 occupati,non possiamo sortire. Tu sei raramente contento 
 perchfe non ami il lavoro. Sono felice perch^ sono sano, 
 ed ho dei buoni amici. Voi siete giovani studiosi, e siete 
 anche giovani regolati. Le Signorine sono un poco im- 
 barazzate, perch temono di fare de' falli. La figlia della 
 giardiniera e una ragazza ubbidiente, ella e anche stimata 
 da tutti. Voi siete fanciulle ragionevoli, non perdete 
 il vostro tempo inutilmente. II mercante e" un' uomo 
 prudente e pien d' esperienza. Che tempo fa ? II tempo 
 e torbido. Adesso le strade son nondimeno asciutte. 
 Ogni eta ha i suoi godimenti e le sue pene. Ogni rosa 
 ha le sue spine, ma essa ha anche la sua freschezza ed il 
 BUG odore.
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTJESE. 15 
 
 16. 
 
 Tfmido, timid. Bronzo (m.), bronze. [sweeper. 
 
 Insieme (adv.), together. Spazzacammino (.), a chimney 
 
 Muto, dumb. Uomo (/.), a man, a fellow. 
 
 Sordo, deaf. Troppo, too muck, too little. 
 
 Colombo (m.), a pigeon. Confglio (m.), a rabbit. 
 
 Gallina (/.), a hen. Cestella (or etlo), a hamper, a busiest. 
 
 Prato (m.\ a meadow. Erbaggi (m. plu.), greens, vegetables. 
 
 Alfredo (m.), Alfred. Orchestra (/.), an orchestra. 
 
 Splendido, splendid. Motteggiatore (m.), a punster, a wit. 
 
 REM. The pronoun tu (thou) is used in addressing near relations, 
 children, and friends endearingly ; voi (you) in addressing equals 
 familiarly, or inferiors and servants politely ; and ella (she) in ad- 
 dressing superiors, or equals, respectfully. In addressing two or more 
 persons, voi (you), or elleno (they) is used under like conditions. 
 When the English pronoun you, occurring in the succeeding exer- 
 cises, should be rendered by one or other of these Italian equiva- 
 lents, must of necessity be in a great measure left to the discrimi- 
 nation of the learner ; only, whichever mode of expression be used., 
 the verb, and all the other pronouns in the sentence, must be of 
 the same person. Should the pronoun not be expressed, then the 
 verb will have to agree in person with the equivalent of you im- 
 plied. (See REM. Ex. 174, First Course.) 
 
 You have my book. You have drank too much wine. 
 You have a diligent servant. You have a deal of patience. 
 You are too timid. That chimney-sweeper is a very merry 
 fellow. My neighbour is poor, because he is always dis- 
 contented. The French are brave, but not always gene- 
 rous soldiers. We have plenty of wine and beer. John, 
 you have taken too much sugar. Where are Edward and 
 Eugenia? They are in the park. Your cousins are always 
 together. The gardener's daughter has two beautiful 
 rabbits. You have lovely birds and splendid flowers. 
 I have a very watchful dog. We are very pleasantly oc- 
 cupied all day. You are diligent youths, therefore you 
 are esteemed by everyone. These boys are dumb, and 
 those girls are a little deaf. These young ladies, that are 
 unwell, are the daughters of the marshal. I have brought 
 a hamper of greens for your mother. The shoemaker has 
 brought two pairs of boots for James. We have at our 
 country house a great many pigeons, some hens, some 
 geese, and a handsome peacock.
 
 16 AHN'S SECOND ITAXIAN COURSE. 
 
 17. 
 
 Ho io? have If Sono io ? am If 
 
 Hai tu ? hast thou t Sei tu ? art thou f 
 
 Ha egli ? has he f E egli ? is he f 
 
 HEM. In conjugating the auxiliaries interrogatively, the pro- 
 noun may either be placed after the verb, as in English ; or it may 
 be placed before, with a note of interrogation after, as Io ho ? 
 have I? Tu hai ? hast thou f and so on. More usually, however, 
 the pronoun is omitted in Italian altogether, as, Hai veduto il 
 mio libro ? HAST THOU (or HAVE YOU) seen my book f In reply- 
 ing to a question, a pronoun is usually employed in the answer, 
 as, Avete delle frutta ? have you any fruit f No, non ne ho ; no, 
 I have not. Avete il mio temperino ? have you my pen-knife ? Si, 
 I' ho ; yes, I have. 
 
 Avaro (m.\ a miser ; Ner<5ne (m.), Nero; vigna (/.), a vine ; 
 bagno (m.),a bath ; fiera (/.), a wild beast; peschiera (/.), a fish- 
 pond ; temperato, mended ; gazzetta (/.), a newspaper ; straor- 
 dinario, extraordinary; rappresentante, representing; all'ordirie 
 (adv.), ready; boschetto (m.), a, grove, a plantation; grandezza 
 (/. ), largeness, size; corona (f), a circle, a chaplet ; all' intdrno 
 (adv.), round about; di somiglianza (arf?>.), resembling ; d' avanti 
 (prep.), facing, in front of; colosso (.), a large statue ; carna- 
 gidne (/), the complexion. 
 
 E all' ordine la carrozza ? Conosce Ella la Signora 
 Beppo ? La di lei carnagione 6 bianca e vivace ? Questa 
 camiciuola stracciata ? I suoi fratelli sono in casa ? 
 Sono le vostre sorelle alia campagna? Avete delle pesche ? 
 No. non ne ho. Avete letto la gazzetta. No, non 1'ho 
 letta. Avete avuto una disgrazia ? Si, ne ho avuto una. 
 Avete delle aghi ? Si, ne ho alcuni. Siete voi malcon- 
 tento ? Si, Io sono. Ha Ella comprato i libri ? Si 11 
 ho comprati. Ha Ella temperato i libri ? Si, le ho 
 temperate. Sono buoni il manzo e la zuppa ? Si, Io 
 sono. Era Giovanni un servo edele? Sono il padre e 
 le figlie assai generosi ? La madre ed i figli son grandi 
 avari. Che vi era nel palazzo di Nerone ? V erano 
 vigne, boschetti, prati, bagni, peschiere, parchi con ogni
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUESE. 17 
 
 sorta di fiere e d' aniraali, un lago di straordinaria gran- 
 dezza con una corona edifizj all' intorno a somiglianza 
 d' una citta, e davanti il palazzo un colosso di bronzo, 
 alto cento e venti piedi, rappresentante Nerone. 
 
 18. 
 
 Fuoco (m.), fire. Sportello (i.), a carriage-door, 
 
 Maritato, married. Sobrio, sober, steady. 
 
 Sporco, soiled. Cocchiere (m.), a coachman. 
 
 Stance, tired. Spento, extinguished, out. 
 
 Natura (/.), nature. Opera (/.), an opera, aplay, a work. 
 
 Platea (/.), the pit. Decorazii5ne (/.), a decoration. 
 Palchetti (m. phi.), the boxes. Vestiario (w.), a dress. 
 
 Caccia (/.), hunting. Novella (/.), a tale, news. 
 
 Saluto (m.), a salutation. Persona (/.), anybody, a person. 
 
 Is the carriage-door open? Is the coachman steady? 
 Is my horse in the street ? Is the fire out ? Is this egg 
 fresh ? Is this coat new ? Is your father at home P Is 
 he busy ? Are your brothers in the country ? Is your 
 sister married ? Are your nephews in town P Is your 
 husband ill ? Is your uncle dead ? Is my coat torn ? Is 
 my vest soiled ? Are your gloves spoiled? Is the doctor's 
 wife handsome ? Have you any cherries ? No, I have 
 not. Have you no stockings? No, I have not. Have 
 you any good Italian wine ? Yes, I have. Have you met 
 the marquis or the marchioness ? Have you brought the 
 newspaper ? Have your brothers read the works of 
 Metastasio ? Have you seen our new house ? Yes, it is 
 large and convenient. Where have you lost your thimble P 
 I lost it in the garden. Has the chimney-sweeper found 
 his basket ? Have you seen Marshal Pellisier ? Yes, I 
 have. Have you cut your finger? Yes, I have. Are 
 you tired P Yes, I am. Has the tailor brought the 
 clothes ? Yes, he has, 
 
 19. 
 
 To non ho, / have not. Non ho io ? have I not ? 
 
 Tu non hai, thou hast not. Non hai tu ? hast thou not 9 
 Egli non ha, he has not. Non ha egli ? has he not? 
 
 HUM. In conjugating the auxiliaries negatively, or interroga- 
 
 c 3
 
 18 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 lively and negatively, the particle non always immediately pre- 
 cedes the verb. When ne or an objective pronoun is used, it is, 
 however, placed between non and the auxiliary, as Noi non yli 
 abbiamo avuto, we have not had them. 
 
 Non die, not only ; affollato, crowded ; visto, seen ; cui, whom, 
 which, to whom; conservi, preserve; Eh! (interj.) pray! and 
 pray ! porre, to put ; recare, to bring ; starnutire, to sneeze ; inde- 
 bolirsi, to grow weak ; avvenne, he, she, or it happened ; avvenisse, 
 he, she, or it should happen ; fate, you do, you make ; sapreste, 
 you would know ; questi, the latter; quegli, the former ; salutd, 
 he or she saluted ; rispo'se, he or she replied ; domando, he or she 
 inquired ; aggiiinse, he or she added ; alleguto (m.), an ally. 
 
 Avete avuto delle pesche ? No, non ne ho avuto. 
 Non hai tu mai letto le opere di Tasso ? No non le ho 
 mai lette. Tuo fratello non m' ha veduto che due volte 
 Non e ella stata a Parigi ? II giovane Principe Alfredo 
 non e" stato alia caccia ? Non fui io il primo a recarvi 
 questa novella ? Sei tu 1'amico di quel signore ? Non 
 quella signora tua cugina ? Ha ella veduto la mia 
 fettuccia verde ? Non 6 stata jeri al teatro ? Si, ma 
 ebbi un cattivo posto. V'era molta gente in platea ? Si, 
 non ho mai visto il teatro cosi affollato. Vi furono anche 
 molte persone eleganti ne' palchetti. L' orchestra era 
 condotta benissimo. I vestiarj e le decorazioni sono 
 splendidissime. Venne a starnutire un' uomo, cui la na- 
 tura non avea dato, che un piccolissimo nas^o. Lo saluto 
 un motteggiatore, ed al saluto aggiunse : " Dio vi con- 
 servi la vista." Eh perche", domando quegli, mi fate 
 voi quest' augurio ? Perche 1 , rispose T altro, s" ella 
 venisse un giorno ad indebolirsi, non sapreste ove porre 
 gli occhialj. 
 
 20, 
 
 Ragidne (/.), reason. Carta suga (/), blottiity-paper, 
 
 Nobilita (/.), nubility. Manicchmo (m.), a wrist-band. 
 
 Gulctta (/.), goryet. Cammfno (m ), a way, a road. 
 
 Prontezza (/.),- readiness. Brigante (.),- biiyand.
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTTESE. 19 
 
 Possfbile, possible. Mentre che (adv.), whilst. 
 
 Ordinario, common. Cardinale (.), a cardinal. 
 
 Risico (.), danger. Estenuato, exhausted. 
 
 Tempesta (/.), a tempest. Infermita (f.j, an infirmity. 
 
 HEM. The negative adverb never may generally be rendered 
 into Italian by non mai, in which case non is placed before and 
 mai after the auxiliary, but in compound tenses mai is placed 
 between the verb and the participle, as Eglino non ne avevano 
 mai avuto uno, they had NEVER had one. Nothing is rendered by 
 non niente (literally, not nothing), these particles being placed in 
 the same way as ?ion mai, thus Non abbiamo niente, we have 
 NOTHING. Not anything expresses the same notion as nothing, 
 this locution is consequently rendered by non niente also. 
 None is usually rendered by non ne, both particles being placed 
 before the verb, as noi non ne avevano, we had NONE. 
 None now, and not now will generally admit of being rendered 
 by non piu, as lo aveva due gatti ed un cane, ma now ne ho 
 piu, I had two cats and a dog, but I have NONE NOW ; Dov'e 
 il giardiniere, e egli ancor nel giardino ? Egli v'era ma non v' e 
 piu, where is the gardener, is he still in the garden? He was 
 there, but he is NOT there NOW. 
 
 We have no Italian wine. Have you no tea and sugar? 
 No, we have none. I have not yet found my pearl neck- 
 lace. Have you not found your thimble yet r No, I have 
 not. Have you no blotting-paper ? No, I have not any. 
 Have you never had a white hat? No, I never have. 
 Have you no fish ? Has Eugenia no red silk ribbons ? 
 Have the children no combs ? Has Julia no needles ? 
 Have you not my silver spectacles ? Have you not a 
 pretty little dog and a grey cat P Have you not brought 
 me a bouquet? Have you not had my gloves? No, I 
 never have had them. Are you not engaged ? Had you 
 not my large basket ? Have you not written to your 
 grandfather ? Have these boys not done their exercises 
 yet? Are these girls net always diligent ? Is the coach- 
 man not sober and watchful ? Is his wife not a little 
 woman? Have you never eaten oysters. No, never. 
 Have you had any rabbits or pigeons ? Yes, but I have 
 none now. What is there in that bottle ? There is no- 
 tuuijf iu it.
 
 20 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 21. 
 
 Aveva or ebbi, / had.- Era or fui, / was. 
 
 Avevi or avesti, thou hadst. Eri or fosti, thou wast. 
 Aveva or ebbe, he had. Era or fu, he was. 
 
 REM. The imperfect indicative is used in speaking of an act 
 transpiring at the period of some other act, or at a time not com- 
 pletely past ; it is also used in speaking of a continuous act or 
 state, and is consequently the proper tense to employ when per- 
 sonal character or individual capacity is referred to. The past 
 definite is used in speaking of a single act that has transpired at 
 some definite period of time completely past. 
 
 Fedele, faithful | a mente (adv."), by heart; traffico (m.), trade, 
 business; esteso, extensive ; sofferto, undergone, suffered; perico- 
 Idso, dangerous / bene (w.), good, welfare, enjoyment ; cui ante, 
 caring ; affezionato, affectionate, attentive ; fanriglia ( /. ), a 
 family; miseria (/.}, wretchedness; rinomato renowned; vi 
 siete cur&to, you took the trouble ; visitare, to visit ; scorso, 
 past, last; autunno (m.), autumn; rivedere, to see again; 
 patria (/.), one's own country. 
 
 Noi avevamo molti servi e molte serve. Tu avevi un 
 amico ch' era molto fedele. II marito di mia soiella 
 aveva una bella carrozza ed un bel cavallo. Non aveyate 
 voi un figlio ed una figlia ammalati ? Eugenia aveva 
 nel suo tema molti falli. Giuglia e Luigia avevano im- 
 parato a mente la loro lezione. II Signor Beppo aveva 
 un traffico molto esteso. Era molto povero, ho sofferto 
 molto. Eri in una societa pericolosa. L' attore era un 
 padre affezionato e molto curante del bene della sua 
 famiglia. lo era a Milano allorche mio fratello era a 
 Torino. Gli stranieri erano nella piu grande miseria 
 quando io arrival a Vienna. Chi era Canova ? Era un 
 rinomato scultore italiano. Eravate a Parigi ma non 
 vi siete curato di visitare il maresciallo. Le frutta dell' 
 autunno scorso erano buone ed abbondanti. Io ebbi 
 ).' anno scorso il piacere di rivedere la mia cara patria. 
 Noi avemmo jeri dal Signer Beppo molto piacere. 
 Perchfe non fosti la settimana passata da tuo nonno ?
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 21 
 
 22. 
 
 Parente (m ), a relation. Occasi<5ne (/.), occasion, opportunity. 
 
 Tenebra (/.), the dark. Eccessivamente, excessively, exceedingly. 
 
 Consegn&re, to intrust. Innal/amento (w.), promotion. 
 
 Curvo, bent. Pontificate (m.), the popedom. 
 
 Mezzo (m.), means. Ritto, erect, upright. 
 
 Papa (.), the pope. Cangiamento (m.), a change. 
 
 Eletto, elected. Osservato (.), observed. 
 
 Probabile, likely. Ardito, daring, bold. 
 
 REM. When no particular period of time is expressed, had,was, 
 and were, may generally be rendered by the imperfect tense. 
 
 I had lost more than twenty pounds. We had a large 
 flower vase. Had you my green ribbon ? Had the girls 
 my thimble ? My grandmother had three cups of tea. 
 My grandfather had an omelet and a glass of wine. The 
 stranger had a black beard. Had you not a sheep and a 
 
 oat ? Had 3 r ou not relations at Milan and Turin ? My 
 rothers had a great many friends at Venice. Lucy and 
 Julia had a cousin in Sardinia. Had you not an aunt at 
 Genoa and a brother at Home? The servant-maid had 
 lost the door-key. My neighbour's wife had a lace pocket- 
 handkerchief. I was in the dark. Joseph and I were 
 always friends. My colleague was of good family. My 
 friend and I were in a very large garden. We had an 
 opportunity last week to send the books to your brother. 
 My aunts had some friends at their house last night. I 
 was in the park this morning with the marquis. 
 
 23. 
 
 Io avrei, I would or should have. 
 
 lo sarei, / would or should be. 
 
 Ch' io abbia, that I have or may have. 
 
 Cb' io sia, that I be or may be. 
 
 Ch' io avessi, that I had or might have. 
 
 Ch' io fossi, that I were or might be. 
 
 REM. The conditional mood generally answers to the English 
 auxiliaries would and should, and the subjunctive to may and 
 might ; but in Italian, the subjunctive is also used after certain 
 conjunctions (see page 119, Appendix to First Course) ; after verbs 
 of wishing, doubting, fearing, and likewise after any other verb, 
 when a statement is made indirectly, obliquely, or hypothetically.
 
 22 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTJESE. 
 
 Genitdre (.), a parent ; attento, attentive; sovra (prep."), over; 
 disgrazia (/.), mischance, mishap ; credere, to believe, to credit; 
 non credo, / do not think ; vorrei, / should like,Iwish; innamidato, 
 starched; fatto fabricate, built ; fabbrica (/!), a building; inter- 
 rogate, having leen asked ; spirito (.), spirit, mind, wit ; privo, 
 deprived; fatto dipingere, had painted ; armi (f. piu.), arms, a 
 coat of arms; semplice, simple; assai piu, much more ; noja (/.), 
 ennui, fatigue ; ass6rdita(y'.), an absurdity. 
 
 Voglio che Carlo sia piu attivo. Avreste meno noja, 
 se foste pift. occupato. lo sarei felice se avessi ancora i 
 miei genitori. Tu saresti un giovane molto ragionevole, se 
 fossi un poco piu attento sovra i tuoi falli. Se io fossi 
 stato a casa avrei Veduto il marchese. La Signorina 
 non sarebbe cosi malcontenta, se fosse piu industriosa. 
 I fanciulli non avrebbero avuto questa disgrazia se fossero 
 stati piu prudenti. E possibile che tu non abbia una 
 grammatica italiana ? Non posso credere che tu abbia 
 creduto queste assurditk. Credo che gli stranieri siano 
 gia partiti per Parigi. Vorrei che i colletti ed i manic- 
 chini di queste camice fossero ben innamidati. II palazzo 
 d'oro fatto fabbricar da Nerone, fu la piil grande e ricca 
 fabbrica che mai, ii mondo abbia veduto. Interrogate 
 un nuovo nobile, uomo non privo di prontezza di spirito, 
 perch 'egli non avesse fatto dipinger le sue armi sulle sue 
 carrozze " La ragione e semplicissima.rispose; e perche, 
 le mie carrozze sono assai piu antiche della mia nobilita." 
 
 24. 
 
 Ora (adv.}, now. Camminare, to walk. 
 
 Dente (*.), a tooth. Domandare, to ask. 
 
 Pietro (m.), Peter. Santo, holy, a saint. 
 
 Umano, humane, human. Credi tu? dost thou (prdoyou) think? 
 
 Moderate, moderate. Ozidso, idle, lazy. 
 
 Dubito, I doubt. Canto, cautious, wary, 
 
 Dicono, they say. Cagidne (/.), cause, motive. 
 
 Pdlvere (/. ), dust. Temo, 7 am afraid. 
 
 Molto (a.), a great deal. 
 
 RF.M. (1.) The conjunction that, when dropped in English, 
 must be supplied in Italian / think THAT there is (not, / think
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUBSE. 23 
 
 there is). 2. The auxiliaries had and were, when used after if, 
 conjointly with a verb in the conditional, are rendered hy the im- 
 perfect subjunctive. 
 
 I am afraid there is a great deal of dust in the street. 
 I doubt Charles has the book. I do not think the 
 boy is so studious as they say. Do you think your exer- 
 cises are easier than mine? Is it possible you have not 
 seen the marshal ? Eugenia would be pleased if she had 
 my silver thimble. I would be happy, if I had as many 
 rabbits as you. You would be esteemed by your masters 
 if you were more attentive. We would not be idle, if we 
 had anything to do. You would be sensible children, if 
 you were always obedient. My neighbours would be 
 generous, if they had money enough. Men would be 
 happier, if they were more moderate. I should have a 
 French grammar, had I not lost it. You would be praised 
 if you were more charitable to others. If the king of 
 Naples were more humane, he would have fewer enemies. 
 If we had been more industrious, we should have been 
 richer. You would not have had this mishap, if you had 
 been more prudent. The merchants would not have failed 
 if they had been more cautious. 
 
 25. 
 
 Ho avuto, I have had. Abbiamo avuto, we have had. 
 
 Hai avuto, thou hast had. Avete avuto, you have had. 
 Ha avuto, he has had. Hanno avuto, they have had. 
 
 REM. Avuto and other participles following the forms of avere 
 are indeclinable ; but, when a noun followed by a relative precedes 
 the participle, the latter often agrees with the former in number and 
 gender, as I libri che ho avuti, or avuto, the books THAT / had, 
 or the books I had. The past participle must agree with the accu- 
 sative pronouns, la, li, le, when these precede the verb, as : Dov' 
 e la pesca ? 1' ho mangiata. Voi le avete mangiate tutte. Where 
 is the peach ? I have eaten it. You have eaten them all. 
 Ho veduto I libri, ma non gli ho avuti, 1 have seen the books, but 
 I have not had them. The participle is likewise, by some writers, 
 made to agree with the noun that follows, as Ho veduta la Sig- 
 norina Beppo, 1 have seen Miss Beppo. 
 
 Cibi (m. plu.}, victuals, dishes ; specie (/), species, kind ; &z\6- 
 ne (/!) on action, deed; educazidne (/.), education; sentiero 
 (.), u bye-way ; a coperto or al coperto (adv.), under cover; coda 
 (/.), the tail; lancia (/.) a spear, lance; giudice (m.), a judge ; 

 
 24 AHN'S SECOND -ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 villano (.), a peasant ; vestimcnto (.)> clothes ; ripdso (m.) ) 
 rest f tardi (arf; 1 .), late; netto, cleaned, clean; contentato, con- 
 tented; perdita (/.), loss; poiche, since, for. 
 
 II nostro monarca ha sempre amato la virtit. E questa 
 la Signorina ch' Ella ha veduta nel parco ? La lettera 
 ch' Ella ha scritto troppo lunga. Avete letto (o 
 letti) tutti questi libri ? I due Signori hanrio comprato 
 le case. Quest' e 1 la lettera che abbiamo ricevuto. Chi 
 ha avuto questa disgrazia ? Voi avete gia avuto lettere 
 da Carlo. Abbiamo avuto poco piacere al passeggio. 
 Avete avuto gli occhialj del nonno? Ho avuto il piacere 
 di vedere il di Lei nipote nel parco. lo non ho avuto 
 ancora 1'occasione di vedere vostro stimabile padre. Ab- 
 biamo avuto a pranzo molti cibi, molte specie di vini e 
 di frutta. Voi aveste nel vostro villaggio una buona scuola 
 ed una bella chiesa. Le mie sorelle ebbero nelle loro 
 camere de' bei fiori. I figli del medico ebbero un buona 
 educazione. Tu eri ancor giovane allorche i tuoi geni- 
 tori ebbero questa disgrazia. Avete imparato la vostra 
 lezione? No, ebbi altro da fare. Oggi il sentiero sarebbe 
 meglio della strada, poiche' saremmo al coperto dal sole. 
 
 26. 
 
 Prodiisse, he produced. Grappolo (m.~), a cluster. 
 
 Coperto, covered. Trepidiante,. capering. 
 
 A guisa (adv.), as if. Sopra di che (adv.), whereupon. 
 
 Uva (/.), grapes. Suffragio (m.), an opinion. 
 
 Ritratto, drawn. So-petto, suspected. 
 
 Fiero, proud. Sollecitare, to urge. 
 
 Giubilo (.), joy. Pannello (m.), an easel. 
 
 Allora (adv.), then. Dogana (/".), a custom-house. 
 
 REM. As stated in remark to preceding exercise, when che is 
 objective the participle in the relative clause often agrees in number 
 and gender with the antecedent, thus La donna che ho amata, or 
 amato, the woman WHOM / LOVED ; but, when che is nominative, 
 the participle is not at all declinable, as La donna che ha amato, 
 the woman WHO has LOVED. 
 
 I have had a long letter. The letter that I have had is
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 25 
 
 long. Where are the books that you have read P This ia 
 the house that I have bought. We have had a serious 
 loss. My grandfather has had a great mishap. You have 
 had many enemies. I have had a large house and a large 
 garden. The sculptor's friends have had a deal of patience. 
 My sisters have had a beautiful bunch of flowers, and 
 some large apples. Who has had my silver spectacles P 
 Have you had any fruit ? Yes, we have had some. Julia 
 has had a long ietter from her parents. What (sort of) 
 weather have you had during (in) your voyage? Have 
 you always had fine weather in Italy ? Have you had 
 Tasso's works yet ? My neighbour has had a great many 
 black cats. Miss Eugenia has had my blotting-paper. 
 Have you had little Lucy's thimble? We had a very 
 bad dinner in that hotel yesterday. The woman who haa 
 brought the vegetables is in the court-yard. 
 
 27 
 
 Sono stato, I have been, Siamo stati, we have been. 
 
 Sei stato, thou hast been. Siete stati, you have been. 
 
 stato, he has been. Sono stati, they have been. 
 
 REM. The auxiliary essere forms its compound tenses with its 
 own forms, / am been, thou art been, he is been, and so on. Stato 
 or stata, and all other participles following the forms of essere, al- 
 ways agree with the nominative in number and gender. When 
 essere is conjugated with the participle of an active verb, as, iosono 
 arnato, or amala. tu sei arnato, or amata, the result is what is 
 termed by grammarians, the passive voice of that verb, in the con- 
 struction of which, the usages of the two languages are identical. 
 
 Offeso, offended; preg&to, requested, invited; una volta, once, 
 at once, ever ; crede di potere, he thinks he may ; afflissero, they 
 have grieved ; disattento, inattentive ; immerso, plunged; si deve, 
 one ought, we ought ;MaAsLma. (_/.), Madam; principe (m.}, a prince; 
 principessa (/.), a princess; si (adv.), so; mi, myself; impiegato 
 (wi.), an officer. 
 
 II maestro fe stimato. I miei genitori furono amati. 
 Noi fummo offesi. II ragazzo fu battuto. Gli operaj 
 sono stati malcontent!. Dove sei stato questo dopo- 
 
 D
 
 26 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 pranzo ? La povera vedova & stata una ricca Signora. 
 Sei tu stato biasimato ? Sono i fanciulli stati cercati ? 
 Giuglia e stata sempre amata da sua nonna. Noi fummo 
 seinpre stimati dai poveri. L'orfana sark stata coi suoi 
 parenti. Questo lavoro e stato molto difficile. II mar- 
 chese e la raarchesa sono stati in America. Per essere 
 lodato e stimato si deve essere prudente e generoso. 
 Per essere lodato e stimato, fanciulli miei, dovete essere 
 sempre ubbidienti e diligenti. Voi siete pregato di an- 
 dare oggi al palazzo dell' arciduca. Essendo egli stato 
 lodato una volta, crede di poter essere adesso negligente. 
 Essendo elleno state negligenti e cattive, afflissero i loro 
 genitori. Noi saremmo stati biasimati, se non avessimo 
 fatto il nostro dovere. Non credo che tu sarai lodato, 
 poiche sei stato molto disattento. I miei amici non 
 Barebbero stati immersi nel dolore, se non avessero per- 
 duto i loro cari genitori. 
 
 28. 
 
 Fragola (/.), a strawberry. Dappertutto (adi>.}, everywhere. 
 
 Portiera (/.), a carriage door. Scelto, chosen, selected. 
 
 Abbassare, to abase. Criticate, criticised. 
 
 Mutande (/. plu.~), drawers. Cristiano (m.\ a Christian. 
 
 Grembiale (m.*), an apron. Premio (in.*), a reward, prize. 
 
 Attenzidne (f), attention. Sito (m.}, a situation, spot. 
 
 Vinto, vanquished. Bisogno (m.), need, want, neces- 
 Esaminato, examined. sity. 
 
 Vespuzio (m ), Vespasius. Visita (f.), visit, search. 
 
 REM. A participle or an adjective following a form of essere, 
 agrees in number and gender with the persons addressed, as voi 
 non siete STATI in casa sua Signori ? you have not been in his house, 
 gentlemen ? Voi, Signore, non ne eravate IGNORANTI, you ladies 
 were not ignorant of it. For a like reason, when a lady speaks, 
 she must not say, sono stato, but sono STATA, / have been. 
 
 The Queen has been to Paris. My colleague has been 
 everywhere. Julia has been in my room. The artist has 
 been in the garden with gran '1 father. The poor widow 
 has been my aunt's laundress. Tlie countess has been in 
 the village with her daughter. Have you been in the
 
 AHN'S SECOXD ITALIAN COUESE. 27 
 
 park this morning P No, I have not. Has the doctor's 
 friend been here ? Have you been very diligent P The 
 children have been beaten. Boys, you are very idle. 
 Girls, you are very negligent. The merchant has been 
 an industrious man. The actress is much admired. The 
 sculptor has been plunged into grief. My enemies are 
 much more afflicted than I am. The books have been 
 selected. Have we not been criticised P Have you been 
 examined in Italian? The other boys have been van- 
 quished by us. I am always praised by my teachers. 
 We were offended by the strangers. The marquis and 
 the marchioness have been very ill. The merchant and 
 the apothecary have been very rich. Have you been long 
 in France P 
 
 29. 
 
 Ci or vi essere, there to be. 
 
 Ci or vi e, there is. 
 Ci or vi sono, there are. 
 Ciorviera, \ therewas _ 
 Ci or vi fu, j 
 
 Ciorvierano, \ therewer ^ 
 Ci or vi rurono, J 
 Ciorvisara, I there wUlbe , 
 Ci or vi saranno, J 
 
 EEM. Ci and vi are indistinctedly used in speaking of a place 
 or time referred to ; as, ci sono araaranti nel nostro giardino, there 
 are amaranths in OUR GARDEN ; in quel tempo vi fu un filosofo, 
 in that time there was a philosopher; vi and ci being inter- 
 changeable ; thus, E' la rarrozza ancor nel cortile ? Is the 
 carriage still in the court-yard ? No, ' e stata ma non e' e 
 piu. No, it was THERE, but it is not THERE now. Ci e and vi 
 are generally contracted into c'e and v'e, and sometimes both 
 words are written together, in which case the verb is placed first 
 and the consonant is doubled, thus ecci, evvi. When put in- 
 terrogatively, vi, ci, are not placed after the verb like there in 
 English, but always maintain the affirmative form, as c'd un libro 
 sulla tavolu? /* THERE a book on the table?
 
 28 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUESE. 
 
 In these locutions the forms of avere are sometimes used in- 
 stead of essere, thus 
 
 Vi ha or v'ha, there is. 
 
 When avere is used in this way, there can only be rendered by 
 vi, and not by ci ; but, the verb, though singular, may be used 
 with a plural noun, as v' ha qui de' buoni medici ? Are there any 
 good physicians here ? 
 
 Fruttifero, of fruit, fruitful ; boschereccio, of forests, woody ; 
 Sisto (m.), Pope Sextus j fingeva, he pretended; andava, he went ; 
 credendo, supposiny ; eomincio. he or she began ; per lo innanzi 
 (adv.), before; un tale, such a ; alcu.no, some one; cerc&va, / 
 was looking for ; disse, he or she said; dimandare (see doman- 
 dare) ; potesse, he or she might ; prestito (/.)> o loan. 
 
 Vi (o ci) furono, ci (o vi) saranno sempre uomini 
 cattivi. Nel nostro giardino c' e un graa numero d'al- 
 beri fruttiferi. Ecco una pezza di tela molto fina, e 
 due pezze di panno ordinario. Eccovi un cestello di 
 fiori, ed un cestello di frutta. Vi sono la vini d'ogni 
 specie ? A Firenze v' e sempre buona societk. C' e 
 stato oggi un gran risico dalla teinpesta. Vi fu jeri 
 una nuova cantante al concerto. Nei cammini d'ltalia 
 vi fu un gran numero di briganti. Sisto Quinto men- 
 tre era cardinale fingeva d' essere estenuato dagli anni 
 e dalle infermita, e andava eccessivamente curvo, cre- 
 dendo che questo potess' essere un mezzo probabile 
 al suo innalzamento al Pontificate. Fu appena eletto 
 Papa, che comincid a camminare assai piu ritto di quello 
 che avea fatto per lo innanzi. tin tal cangiamento fu 
 osservato da tutti, ed alcuno fu si ardito da dimandar- 
 gliene la cagione " Cercava, diss' egli, le chiavi di San 
 Pietro, ora che le ho trovate non ho pi\i bisogno d' ab- 
 bassarmi." 
 
 30. 
 
 Vicfno a (adv.), near. Camedio (m.), a forget-me-not. 
 
 Straiiicre, foreign. Passeggiero, passing.
 
 SECOND ITALIAN CODUSE. 29 
 
 Ridente, smiling. Qnale, which, ivhom. 
 
 Pianta (/.), a plant. Mascalzdne (.), a ruffian, a fellow. 
 
 Pero (.), a pear-tree. Lisciva (f.), soap suds. 
 
 Porno (m.), an apple-tree. Giammai (adv.), never. 
 
 Ceriegio (w.), a cherry-tree. Piaciinento (>.)> satisfaction. 
 
 REM. There, with a form of the verb to be, will generally admit 
 of being rendered by vi with the corresponding form of essere. 
 In most locutions, here is and here are, may be made by ecco. 
 
 Here is the door-key. There is a fine cherry-tree. 
 There are some silk vests. Here are my grandfather's 
 green spectacles. There is a beautiful linen collar. Is 
 there a bouquet in my bed room ? Here is a magnificent 
 apple-tree. Is there a carriage in the court yard ? Here 
 are my hat and your stick. There are the marchioness 
 and her niece. Are there any tall trees in the park ? 
 Is there a forget-me-not in the flower- vase ? Is there 
 an old palace in your village? There are all sorts of 
 wild beasts and animals in that garden. There was a 
 beautiful painting in our church. Here are some cherries 
 for little Eugenia. There are some men who are never 
 satisfied. There was a great number of people in the 
 park yesterday. There has been a passing shower to-day. 
 At our country house there were three hundred and seventy- 
 one apple-trees, two hundred and forty-seven pear-trees, 
 and sixteen cherry-trees. There were a great many elegant 
 persons at the house of the Countess yesterday. We had 
 a very beautiful garden last year, near town, in which 
 there were many fruit and forest trees, beautiful flowers, 
 and foreign plants. 
 
 31. 
 
 Aver fame, to lie hungry. Aver caldo, to be warm, to be hot. 
 
 Aver sete, to bu thirsty. Aver vergogna di, to lie ashamed. 
 
 Aver sonno, to be sleepy. Aver cura, to take care. 
 
 Aver ragione, to be right. Aver compassidne di, to pity. 
 
 Aver torto, to be wrong. Aver bisdgno di, to ward, to require. 
 
 Ave> padra, to be afraid. Aver fretta, to be in a hurry. 
 
 Aver vita, to be alive. Aver da fare, to be doing. 
 
 Aver giudizio, to be wise. Aver voluto, to be willing. 
 
 Aver freddo, to be cold. Aver nouie da, to be named after. 
 
 D 3
 
 30 AHM'S SKCOSD ITALIAN COTJUSE. 
 
 The Italians say TO HAVE hunger, thirst, heat, cold, not TO BB 
 hungry, thirsty, hot or cold. Usually in these kinds of locutions 
 grande is used instead of nwlto, as ho gran {or molto) freddo, / am 
 VERY cold. Avere is regularly conjugated with da (third person 
 sing. pres. ind. of the irregular verb dovere, to be obliged) through 
 all its tenses, in which case the compound has the values of the 
 English auxiliaries must, should, and ought, as, lo ho da partire, / 
 must, should, or ought to go. 
 
 Quel che, what ; mettete, put ; bevete, drink ; tanto tempo, so 
 long ; piu, any longer, at all; arrivare, to arrive, reach; pense- 
 reste a, you would think of; ucciso, killed; lanciata, a blow with 
 a lance ; innanzi a, before; cito, he or she summoned; aver piii 
 affari, to have more to do; udito, heard, having heard; opporre, 
 to oppose, to present ; voleva, was willing; inordere, to bite ; as- 
 pettare, to wait. 
 
 Giuseppe ha avuto ragione, ma tu hai avuto torto. 
 A quel che vedo, il vostro amico ha gran fretta. Ho 
 compassione di quella povera gente. I fanciulli hanno 
 sonno metteteli in letto. Ho fame ; oggi ho gran fame. 
 Noi abbiamo sete ; dateci da here. Se voi avete sete, 
 ecco del vino ; bevete. Non ho dormito in tutta la 
 notte, ho bisogno di riposo. Non avete vergogna di 
 stare tanto tempo a letto ? Non posso piu aspettare, ho 
 paura d'arrivare troppo tardi a scuola. Abbiate cura, 
 figli miei, che il vostro vestimento sia sempre netto. Se 
 tu avessi giudizio non penseresti sempre al giuoco. II 
 medico ha da partire questa mattina per Parigi. Avendo 
 un villano ucciso con una lanciata un cane che voleva 
 morderlo, il padron del cane lo cito innanzi al giudice. 
 Questi udite le ragioni del contadino, gli domando per- 
 che, non si fosse contentato di opporgli il bastone della 
 lancia.; " Avrei fatto cosi, rispose il contadino, se il cane 
 avesse voluto mordermi colla coda, e non co' denti." 
 
 REM. The verb E must always be written with the accent to 
 distinguish it from E conj., even at the head of a sentence. 
 
 2. When at the end of a line a word is to be cut, it must be 
 by syllables ; the vowel belongs to the preceding consonant, except 
 when a consonant is repeated, and frequently v/hen there are many 
 together, as, o-n-gi ne; pal-la; lan-cia; a-sprez-za ; mor-den-ie.
 
 AUNB SECOND ITALIAN COUKSK. 
 
 32. 
 
 Mare (m.), the sea. Tutto (ad;.), the whole of, entire. 
 
 Soggetto, subject. (adv.), quite, very. 
 
 t"accia (/.), the face. (pron.), everything. 
 
 Agro, sour. Finire, tofiiiish, to cease, to leave off. 
 
 'Oncia (/.), an ounce. Terreradto (m.), an earthquake. 
 
 Sai, thou knoweat. Quasi (adv.), as if, almost. 
 
 Potente, powerful. Civilizzato, civilised. 
 
 Due volte, twice. Eiumma (m.), an enigma. 
 
 HEM. The definite article may be used in Italian with names 
 of countries (See Rem., Ex. 40, First Course). The use or disuse 
 of the article under such circumstances, is, however, in a great 
 measure optional ; for we may either say, TInghilterra or Inghil- 
 terra e la regina di tutt' i mari, ENGLAND is the queen of the sens. 
 The article is sometimes used with names of countries after a pre- 
 position, but is rarely found after in, and is never used with names 
 of towns, as Roma, Venexia. On the other hand, the article is 
 almost always used with the divi&ious of the globe, as l'uropa, 
 fAsia, and so on. 
 
 Are you in a hurry ? I am very hungry ; I have not 
 dined to-day yet. Are you thirsty ? Yes, I am very 
 thirsty ; give me something to drink. Do you not pity 
 these poor people ? I want a silk hat. I shall take care 
 to look for a useful book. I must finish this exercise im- 
 mediately. You are right; my friend was wrong. I 
 require a new cloak. Do you not want a new vest ? My 
 coachman has often been in France. Have you not been 
 in Italy ? No, but I have been twice in Germany. Venice 
 has been the queen of the seas. Portugal has always been 
 subject to earthquakes. Almost the whole of Europe is 
 more civilised than Africa. Have the chimney sweep's 
 daughters black faces? The apples are sour, but the 
 pears are sweet and juicy. The sovereign of England is 
 very powerful. Are these razors steel? Who has made 
 these boots and shoes? Our shoemaker is exceedingly 
 industrious. America was named after Vespasius Americo. 
 You would be happier if you had more to do.
 
 82 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTJBSE. 
 
 33. 
 
 Essere andato, to have gone. 
 Esser venuto, to have come. 
 Essere uscito,] ! uL 
 
 Esser sortito, j 
 
 Essere arrivato, to have arrived. 
 Essere ritornato, to have returned. 
 Esser partito, to have left. 
 Esser durato, to have lasted. 
 Esser passato, to have passed. 
 Esser cadiito, to have fallen. 
 Essere ristato, to have stayed. 
 Essere sdrucciolato, to have slipped. 
 Esser salito, to have gone up. 
 Esser perito, to have perished. 
 Esser morto, to have died. 
 
 REM. Neuter verbs, that have a passive signification, generally 
 form their compound tenses with essere / am fallen, not / have 
 fallen. 
 
 Ritdrno (m.), return ; appunto (adv.), just, just now; padella 
 (/.), a frying-pan ; perse, he, she, or it has lost ; faceva, it 
 made, it was ; gelicfdio (m.), frosty weather; passo (m.), a step, 
 pace, rate,- grazia, (/.), grace ; recito, acted; pero, but still; 
 senza {prep.}, without; ajuto (m.), aid; suggeritore (m.), a 
 prompter ; dolcemente (adv.), sweetly ; intrigo (m.), an intrigue f 
 sciampagna (f.), champaign ; essere mancato di parola, to have 
 broken one's word; essere mancato di parole, to have broken 
 down; essere smontato da cavallo, to have dismounted; essere 
 smontato d'una carrozza, to have got out of a carriage ; essere an- 
 dato a ritrovdre, to have gone to see. 
 
 I mercanti sono periti sul mare. La vedova era gia 
 morta al mio ritorno. Gli stranieri sono smontati ap- 
 punto da cavallo. 11 marchese e la marehesa sono ritor- 
 nati d' Italia. I servi dell' arciduca sono arrivati dalla 
 campagna. II mio collega e caduto dalla padella nel fuoco. 
 II padre d'Eugenia e partito oggi per Genova. I miei 
 fratelli sarebbero venuti se avessero avuto tempo. Le 
 mie sorelle sarebbero uscite, se la madre fosse stata a
 
 AHs's SECOND ITALIAN COUE8E. 33 
 
 casa. Noi saremmo usciti se avesse fatto bel tempo. 
 Se vostro padre fosse a casa sarei andato a ritrovarlo. 
 Perse 1' Italia gli antichi suoi pregi. Venezia ha 1'appa- 
 renza d'un vascello fermo nelle onde. La piccola Giu- 
 glia ha ricevuto un camedio ; ella e molto contenta. lo 
 sono sdrucciolato ad ogni passo, perch6 faceva gelicidio. 
 L'attrice che ha fatto la prima parte nell' opera aveva 
 molta grazia nell' azione. L' attore recito bene, pero 
 senza 1'ujuto del suggeritore, gli sarebbero mancate le 
 parole. 
 
 34. 
 
 Nave (/.), a ship. Monte (w.)> a *'^i mountain. 
 
 Vado, I am going. Tinello (.), a dining-room. 
 
 Va, he or she is going, Scendiamo, let us go down. 
 
 Freno (m.), a curb. Cafi't-. (m.), a coffee-house, tavern. 
 
 Ostia (/.), a wafer. Polvere pe' denti (/.), tooth-powder. 
 
 Batbiere (m .), a barber. Partita (/.), a game, party. 
 
 Contiuuato, continued. Leggerezza (/.), softness. 
 
 REM. The English preposition to is generally rendered by a, 
 al, alia, (or sometimes before a vowel, by ad), as vado a Parigi, 
 / am going TO Paris; andiamo al concerto, alia campagna ; let us 
 (jo to the concert, or country ; but before the nouns of countries, 
 to 13 rendered by in, as vado in Francia, / am going TO France. 
 It is, however, to be observed with respect to these locutions, 
 that the Italian preposition t' signifies info as well as in, con- 
 consequently vado in Francia means, literally, / am going INTO 
 France. After the verbs continuare, to continue, and partfre, 
 used in the sense of to go, TO is rendered by per, as mio 
 fratello e partito per Parigi, my brother has gone TO Paris. 
 When to is used in English between two nouns to express pos- 
 session, it is rendered by di in Italian, as Giacomo fratello di 
 Pietro e cugino di Giuseppe, James the brother of Peter and cousin 
 TO Joseph. 
 
 You have broken your word. Has the ship arrived 
 yet ? A horse has fallen in the street. The opera has 
 lasted two hours. Has the servant girl returned? The 
 children have returned from school. My brother has 
 stayed at home to-dy. The ladies have gone up the
 
 3i AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 mountain. Where have Charles and Lucy gone P Hare 
 they gone to the concert? The actress has gone to Turin. 
 Why have you not gone out with your sisters? The 
 gentlemen did not get out of the carriage here, but in the 
 street. The cardinal has come from Home. I have often 
 passed the Queen's palace at London. My niece would be 
 pleased if her mother had arrived. Are you going to 
 town ? No, I am going to the country. Are you going 
 to Paris ? No, I am going to Genoa. Are you not going 
 to Italy P No, I am going to Spain. My brother has 
 been to school. Have you been to Germany ? I am going 
 now to my grandfather's garden. I have spoken of the 
 shoes to the shoemaker. Give this blotting paper to Eu- 
 genia. I wish to go to the theatre this evening. Grand- 
 mother goes every day to church. Let us go up to the 
 waiting-room. We have continued our journey to Paris. 
 The charitable man is a friend to the poor. 
 
 35. 
 
 Sonato, struck. Mezzodi (TO.), midday, noon. 
 
 Sappiate, know. Precisamente (adv.), exactly. 
 
 Andiamo, we go. Passa, he, she, or it passes. 
 
 Soffrire, to suffer. Che non pensava, than I thought. 
 
 Carte (f.plu.), cards. Calamajo (m.), an ink-stand. 
 
 Fin a (con/.), till. Pegni (m. plu.), forfeits. 
 
 Andro, I shall go, Bigliardo (m.), billiards. 
 
 Lombardia (/.), Lombardy. Birilli (m. plu.\ nine-pins. 
 
 REM. To and past, in naming the hour, are rendered in Ita- 
 lian thus e un' ora e tre quarti, it is a quarter TO two ; e un' 
 ora ed un quarto, it is a quarter PAST one. Half-past is ren- 
 dered by using mezzo without the indefinite article, thus e un' 
 ora e mezza, it is HALF-PAST one. When, however, past is 
 used without the words quarter or half, it is rendered by passato, 
 as e un' ora passata, it is PAST one. The locution, what o'clock 
 is it ? may be rendered either by che ora' e ? what hour is it ? or 
 by che ora fa ? or che ora fate ? what hour do youmake f The 
 replies, it is one o'clock, two o'clock, three o'clock, are rendered by 
 the cardinal numbers with the noun ora, as e un' ora, there is 
 one hour, i. e. it is one o'clock ; son due ore, there are two hours ; 
 son tre ore, there are three hours ; but more usually the noun ora 
 is dropped, and the definite article used instead, as I' una, son 
 le due. son le tre, and so on.
 
 Ann's SECOND ITALIAN COUHSE. 35 
 
 Sono state al passeggio, Signore ? Si, ci siamo state. 
 Sei tu stata in chiesa, Signorina r Si, adesso ci sono 
 stata. E Ella stata ancor a Parigi, Signore ? No, non 
 ci sono stato ancora. Vado in citta ogni settimana. II 
 generale e" partito per Parigi. Mio fratello parte oggi 
 perl' Italia. Dovete continuare il vostro viaggio pella 
 Sardegna. Perche date voi la preferanza alia Lombar- 
 dia ? Ho dato 1* inchiostro rosso al maestro. Che ora 
 f a ? E mezzodi. E 1'una e mezzo. Sono le due ed un 
 quarto. No, sono le dodici. Son le quattro passate. 
 Sa Ella che ora e ? Non so precisamente. A quel che 
 vedo son le cinque sonate. x Come passa il tempo ! E piti 
 tardi che non pensava. E quasi tempo per noi d'andar 
 a casa. Quando va Ella in citta ? Dimani vi andrb alle 
 dieci. lo era col mio collega dalle tre fin alle otto. Che 
 ora fa adesso ? Abbiamo gia le undici e tre quarti. A 
 che ora andate voi a scuola ? Andiamo a scuola ogni 
 giorno alle nove e mezzo. 
 
 36. 
 
 Flauto (m.), a flute. Bentdsto (adv.), very soon. 
 
 Violfno, (m.), a violin. Mezzanotte (/.), midnight. 
 
 Pianoforte (m.), a piano. Buon' ora (adv.), early. 
 
 Vento (m.), the wind. Andremo, we shall go. 
 
 Debito (.), a debt. Ballo (m.), a dance, ball. 
 
 Fianco (m.), side. (Jliilarra (J'.) } a guitar. 
 
 Pronto (adv.), ready. Cassettmo, (m.), a casket, case. 
 
 Sotto (prep.), under. Passetto (m.), a yard measure. 
 
 REM. At is rendered by a, as a or al teatro, AT the theatre: 
 before the nouns house and home, AT may either be made by a 
 or iii, as a casa or in casa, AT home. In such locutions as ten 
 o'clock at night, AT is rendered by di. 
 
 What o'clock is it ? It is a quarter to seven. Is it not 
 a quarter past six ? It is past seven. What is the time 
 just now ? It is just eight. It will soon be half-past nine. 
 At ten o'clock I shall go to the ball. It is now past eleven. 
 It will very soon be a quarter to twelve. It is now late. 
 It will soon be miduight. It is still early. When will
 
 36 AHN'S SECOND IIALIA.N COURSE. 
 
 dinner be ready ? It will be ready at hal f-past four. 
 When will the marquis be here ? He will be here at nine. 
 My brother is at present in the garden. Are the children 
 at school? My uncle and aunt are at home. My sisters 
 are at church. I was at the theatre last night with the 
 general. The King of Sardinia has been at Windsor. 
 Where have you been this evening? I have been at the 
 concert. My father was at home from three till four. At 
 ten o'clock at night we shall go to the palace. Are your 
 nephews at present at home ? Yes, they are at home now. 
 Were you not at Genoa last year? 
 
 37. 
 
 Andai, I went. Gentilezza (/.), tact, courtesy. 
 
 Vidi, / saw. Si trovava, he or she was. 
 
 T)ot&.to, endowed. A vicenda (adv.), alternately. 
 
 Duchessa (/.), a duchess. Proponevansi, there were proposed. 
 
 Domanda (f.), a question. Possa mai, may there be. 
 
 Rispdsta (/".), an ansiver- Tra (prep.), between, amongst. 
 
 Differenza (/".), a difference. Mostra, he, she or it shows. 
 
 Dimenticare, to forget. Vigliacco (m.~), a poltroon. 
 
 HEM. To or at the house or place of business of anyone, is ren- 
 dered by da, as dal fornajo, TO or AT the baker's ; dal calzettajo, 
 TO or AT the hosier's. When a noun is not used, da is put with 
 the corresponding conjunctive pronoun, as da me, at my house; 
 da te, at your house; da uoi, at our house ; and so on. 
 
 E stata Ella jeri al teatro, Signora ? No, sono stata al 
 concerto. Dov'e stata Ella questa mattina ? Sono stata 
 in chiesa. Mio fratello e mia sorella sono a scuola. II 
 medico ed il suo amico sono ancor a Parigi. lo sono 
 stato jer sera dallo speziale. Lo spazzacammino viene 
 ogni giorno da noi. Avete voi avuto jeri molto piacere 
 dalla contessa ? Mio fratello e dal mercante Beppo. 
 Viene spesso il Cardinale da Lei ? Jeri andai dal Prin- 
 cipe, ma non lo vidi. A che ora sara Ella dal mio pa- 
 drone ? Ci saro probabilmente alle died. Sarei molto 
 contento s'Ella avesse il tempo di venire questa sera da 
 noi. Sar6 da Lei alle due e tre quarti certamente. U
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN cotrusF. 37 
 
 Cardinale di Polignac, dotato di molto spirito e gentilezza, 
 si trovava un giorno dalla Duchessa di Maine, dove a 
 vicenda proponevansi delle domande per dar occasione a 
 gentili e piacevoli risposte " Qual differenza passa mai, 
 domando la Duchessa, tra me, ed un oriuolo ?" " Ma- 
 dama, rispose il Cardinale, 1'oriuolo mostra le ore, e voi 
 le fate dunenticare." 
 
 38* 
 
 Riso (>w.), rice. Viene, he or she is coming. 
 
 Via (adv.), away. Volontieri (adi<.~), willingly. 
 
 Torrente (m.), a torrent. Pezzetto (m.), a little bit. 
 
 Se non (conj.), except. Appetito (.), (he appetite. 
 
 Misurare, to measure. Inderaoniato, diabolical. 
 
 Ultimo, last. Scbiantato, torn vp\ 
 
 Prossiruo, next. Barca (/.), a boat, a bark. 
 
 HEM. From will generally admit of being rendered by da, as 
 da casa, FKOM home ; dal teat.ro, FROM the theatre ; but, in such 
 locutions as that gentleman is from Rome, from is often ren- 
 dered by di. 
 
 We have been at the house of the countess. In three 
 weeks I shall be at my parents'. Who has sent John to the 
 chimney-sweep's P Where have you bought these green 
 spectacles ? I bought them at my neighbour's. We were 
 at the marquis's to-day. The merchant is coming to our 
 house to-morrow. I am going to the general's to-day at 
 two o'clock. I have sent a bunch of flowers to the widow's. 
 Lucy has been at her grandmother's to-day. Have you 
 been at my house this week ? I shall go to the Misses 
 Beppo's to-day at half-past two. This lady is from Naples. 
 I have received the silk cloak from my aunt. The chil- 
 dren have received the flowers from the gardener. The 
 niece of the marchioness comes from Turin. My father 
 has bought a watch from the German. I have come 
 from the house, and Julia has come from the school. The 
 straugers have come from the hotel. We were at the 
 concert yesterday, with the duke and the duchess. Here 
 are the pupils wlio have been so diligeut. There will be a 
 great many people at the theatre this evening. Is there 
 anything new ? Nothing, except that the weather is very 
 bad
 
 38 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 Dama (/.), a lady. Vanno, they are going. 
 
 Codardo (.), a coward, Persdne (f. plu.\ persons, people. 
 
 Castigato, chastised. Qalche volta (adv.), sometimes. 
 
 Meritate, you deserve. Non vale niente (adv.}, good for nothing. 
 
 Recaste, you brought. Pigro, idle, indolent 
 
 Purezza (f.), purity. Profondamente, soundly. 
 
 Mascolino, masculine. Costiimi (m.plu.), manners. 
 
 Femminino, feminine. Oppressive (/.), oppression. 
 
 REM. For will generally admit of being rendered by per; but 
 the locutions a pranzo, FOR dinner ; a spasso, FOR a walk ; and da 
 un' anno, FOR a year, will have to be observed. When a pronoun 
 follows per, it may be rendered by a dative placed before the verb, 
 as vi ho portato questo, instead of ho portato questo per voi I 
 have brought this FOR YOU. 
 
 Io spno venuto dal giardino e Luigia e venuta dal 
 passeggio. Ho ricevuto questo cavallo da mio nonno. 
 Mia madre ha comprato delle calzette di filo dal calzettajo. 
 Hai tu portato qualche cosa per me ? Che cosa hai tu 
 portato per Eugenia? Le ho portato un mazzetto di 
 fiori. Questi libri sono pello scolare, e queste penne 
 sono pella scolara. Tutte qaeste frutta sono pei fanciulli. 
 Oggi noi abbiamo a pranzo dell' arrosto. Le mie sorelle 
 vanno dimani a spasso nel parco. Io sono stato jer sera 
 dall' artista, dove ho trovato il generale che non avevo 
 veduto da due anni. Qualche volta vi sono al concerto 
 molte persone. Ecco due libri ; questo e utile, ma 1'altro 
 non vale niente. I soldati furono tre giorni in nostra 
 casa. Le figlie dell' attore furono sempre stimate ed am- 
 mirate. Perche 1 non fosti la settimana passata dalla zia ? 
 Le frutta che mi recaste oggi furono eccessivamente agre. 
 Io fui due anni a Geneva, ed un' anno a Torino. Voi 
 foste tutto il giorno pigri, voi meritate d'essere castigati 
 severamente. 
 
 40. 
 
 Stima (/.), esteem. Coperta (/.), a covering, a blanket. 
 
 Capo (m.), the head. Dabbene, honest, upright.
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTJKSE. 89 
 
 Viagge"tto (.), a trip. Stavano, they were standing. 
 
 Prestezza (/,), speed. Sedero, / shall sit down. 
 
 Grave, heavy. Nissuno, (See nessuno). 
 
 Pdpolo (z.), a people. Amato, loved, liked. 
 
 Pazienza (/!), patience. Peso, a burden, weight. 
 
 Praticare, to practise. Risoluzidne (/.), a resolution, 
 
 REM. On is rendered by su ; but, in the following locutions, 
 the equivalents of on are a, in, sopra essere al passeggio, to be 
 ON THE promenade ; stare in piedi, to stand ON foot ; sedere sopra 
 una pietra, to sit ON a stone. When on the table means served 
 up, on is likewise rendered by in, as la cena e gia in tavola. 
 supper is now ON the table ; hut la tua tahacchiera e SULLA tavola, 
 your snuff-box is ON THE table. 
 
 Have you bought a pair of ear-rings for me ? No, but 
 I have bought a gold necklace for you. What have you 
 bought for little Louisa and little Albert? I have been 
 to-day for a walk in the garden. Where is my hat ? Yor : 
 hj^e your hat on your head. Are there blankets enougli 
 on the beds ? The doctor has promised on his honour to 
 come this evening. The books are on the table, and the 
 paper is on the bench. There is a great weight on the 
 arches of that bridge. There are a great many birds on 
 those trees. The shoemaker has told me this on the word 
 of au honest man. Breakfast is now on the table. The 
 children were standing on foot. Have you seen the prin- 
 cess on the promenade ? I am tired ; I shall sit down a 
 little on this stone. The exercise that we have had is 
 good for nothing. Have you any needles ? Yes, I have 
 a few. My gloves are extremely small. This collar is not 
 well starched. We have made this trip with much speed. 
 Wicked children are not liked by anyone, and they are a 
 heavy burden to their parents. 
 
 41. 
 
 Latte (m.), milk. Pianse, he or she cried. , 
 
 Gidja (/.), joy. Maschera (/.), a mask. 
 
 Morso, bitten. Lavagna (/.), slate. 
 
 Tetto (m.), a roof. Taldra (adv.), here and there. 
 
 Rame (m.), copper. Scaricato, unloaded. 
 
 Calcina (/.), lime. Curretta(/.),a cart. 
 
 Spillo (m.), a pin. Altrevdlte (adv.), formerly. 
 
 Moneta (/), change. Opinidne (/), an opinion- 
 
 E 2
 
 40 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COIJUSE. 
 
 REM. With, when it signifies beside or near a person or object, 
 is rendered by con, as Carlo era con suo fratello, Charles was 
 WITH his brother. With is also rendered by eon, when the instru- 
 ment of an act is implied, as ucci'dere colla spada, to kill WITH 
 THE sword ; scrivere colla penna, to write WITH THE pen. In 
 describing a person or thing, with is rendered by da, as 1' uorao 
 dal naso lungo, the man WITH THE long none ; but when a person 
 is described by some article he deals in, with is rendered by di, as 
 Puomo del latte, the man WITH the milk. A number of adjec- 
 tives and verbs that require with after them in English, take di or 
 da in Italian, as essere contento di poco, to be contented WITH 
 little ; essere soffocato dal caldo, to be suffocated WITH heat. 
 
 II generale ha un gran peso sul cuore. Le navi sono 
 sul mare e le barche sopra i fiumi. Adesso Eugenia e* 
 con sua madre. II maestro ha avuto molta pazienza con 
 noi. Piglia Ella latte col caffe ? Luigi va con Giuseppe 
 a spasso. La ragazza pianse di gioja. I fanciulli sono 
 tormentati dalla sete. L'uomo dell' acqua all' USC'MD. 
 Ho veduto il giovane dalla guancia morsa. Lo spazza- 
 cammino va nella casa dal tetto rosso. La vecchia delle 
 frutta 6 stata ammalata. Avete veduto il vecchio delle 
 ciriege ? Sa Ella la storia del Signore dalla maschera di 
 ferro ? II tetto della mia casa e" coperto di lavagna. 
 II paesano della calcina e gia nel cortile, egli ha scari- 
 cato la sua carretta. lo sono malcontento di Eduardo, 
 egli e* stato negligente e non ha fatto i suoi temi. Avete 
 voi degli spilli? Si, ne abbiamo alcuni. Datemene 
 due o tre, vi prego. Le mie calzette sono excessiva- 
 mente larghe. Questa volta i Principi non sono stati 
 ragionevoli. La famiglia era altrevolte felice ma adesso 
 fe molto infelice. La nipote della duchessa e ritornata 
 jeri da Milano. II marchese e~ stato ofFeso, auche la 
 marchesa 6 stata offesa. 
 
 42. 
 
 Tabacco (m.), tobacco. Passeranno, they will pans. 
 
 O'rrido, hideous. "Velleggiano, they sail. 
 
 Raggio (m.), a ray. Si conosce, he, she. or it is known. 
 
 Autore (m,), an author. Corrispondente ('.), a correspon- 
 Pagameuto (m.), wayes. dent.
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUKSE. 41 
 
 Carbdni (m. plu.}, coals. Aspramente (adv.'), severely. 
 
 Biblioteca (/".), a library. Impenetrabile, impervious. 
 Contemplate, to contemplate. Fisionomia (/.), physiognomy, 
 Legno Cm.), wood, a carriage Volonta (/.), the will. 
 Abitiidine (/.), a habit. 
 
 REM. By, after verbs of motion, is rendered hyper, as passare 
 pella citta. to pass BY THE town; after passive verbs by is ren- 
 dered by da, as egli e stimato da tutti, he is esteemed BY every 
 one; after verbs signifying to know, by is rendered by di, as 
 condscere uno di nome, to know one wrname; so also in the 
 locutions di giorno, BY day ; di notte, BY night. 
 
 Mary goes with her mother every day for a walk, The 
 workman is dissatisfied with his wages. I have thrashed 
 the boy with the black eyes. Have you seen the man with 
 the milk ? The man with the wood is in the court-yard. 
 Has the man with the coals been here P I am much pleased 
 with this pair of shoes. Where is the girl with the flowers ? 
 I have read the story of the man with the iron mask. I 
 am tormented with thirst. The soldiers will pass by the 
 city. Ships sail on the sea by day and night. I know 
 your friend by sight. The bird is known by its song, 
 metal by its sound. Where have you bought this hideous 
 tobacco ? Is not this book exceedingly useful ? The 
 chimney-sweep's daughter is an industrious girl. There 
 is a grey cat in the court-yard. The basket of fruit is for 
 your brother's friend. The general is not happy, he has 
 many enemies. The gardener's son has brought Eugenia 
 a beautiful bouquet. Who has written this exercise? It 
 is full of faults. Has the man with the water a red 
 nose? 
 
 43. 
 
 Nome (m.), a name. Amatore (m.), a lover. 
 
 Progetto (m ), a project. Messo, put, set, studded. 
 Assalito, attacked. Mercato (m ), a market. 
 
 Tondo (m.), a plate. Buon mattino, early in the morning, 
 
 Meuto (m.), the chin. Rampinetto (m.), a corkscrew. 
 
 Divertito, amused. Merenda (/.), a luncheon. 
 
 Zappa (/.), a sj>nde. Bensi (adv.), certainly. 
 
 Compagno (.), companion. Indizio (m.), an indication. 
 
 K 3
 
 42 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUKSE. 
 
 REM. The preposition in is common to both languages; but 
 when in, in English, is used to express belonging to a place, it is 
 rendered by di in Italian, as il piu, ricco uomo di Londra, the 
 richest man IN London. Before the nouns street, place, square, 
 the English in is rendered by su ; before the nouns theatre, market, 
 country, bed, and the name of a town, in is generally rendered by 
 a, as alia campagna, IN THE country ; before the noun house, in 
 may be rendered either by in or a, as in casa or a casa, IN the 
 house. Before nouns signifying the sections of a day, in. is ren- 
 dered by di, as il medico e ritornato verso le otto di sera, the 
 doctor returned about eight o'clock IN the evening. When, how- 
 ever, these periods of time are put indefinitely, the preposition is 
 dropped in Italian, as io vo la sera dal mio amico, / go to my 
 friend's IN THE EVENING. 
 
 E Ella gia stata in quella cittk ? Conosco il marchese 
 di nome. La Regina col Principe sono nel parco. Ho 
 un progetto nel mio capo. Tu fosti nei tuoi viaggi tin 
 compagno fedele. Noi fummo nel nostro viaggio assaliti 
 dai briganti. II giudice fu nella sua gioventu uu amatore 
 della caccia. Dove hai tu messo le zappe ? Le ho messe 
 nella casa. Sono adesso a casa le ragazze ? Ella e stata 
 lungo tempo a Roma ? E il cane sulla strada ? Pietro 
 ha comprato al mercato una dozzina di fazzoletti di seta. 
 Perche" siete stati tanto tempo a letto ? La marchesa era 
 la pin ricca dama della citta. Vi erano jer sera molte 
 persone eleganti al teatro. Mia madre beve la sera del te. 
 Alle tre di dopopranzo andrerno al ballo. Noi andiamo a 
 scuola alle sette di mattina. Sono sempre a casa di buon 
 mattino. Jeri fummo con alcuni buoni amici e con alcune 
 buone amiche alia campagna, ove ci siamo bensi divertiti 
 molto bene, ma nell" osteria abbiamo avuto un cattivissimo 
 pranzo. 
 
 44. 
 
 Osciiro, dark. Ponticello (in.), a miniature bridge. 
 
 G fu (/)) a crane. Folia (/.), a multitude. 
 
 Tonno (m.\ a tunny. Scrivo, / am writing. 
 
 Di piu (adv.}, further. Ghirlanda (/.), a garland. 
 
 Alto, tall. Garofano (m.), a pink.
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 43 
 
 Fertile, fertile. Commedia (/.). comedy, a play. 
 
 Mdggio (.) bushel. Tranquillo, quiet. 
 Is'uiuero (>.), a nvtuber. Murgine (.)> ^'** margin. 
 
 REM. O/ will almost always admit of being rendered by di. 
 In such locutions, however, as a friend of mine, or one of my 
 friends, the preposition may be elegantly dropped, thus un mio 
 collega, one of my colleagues. Such phrases as this silk is of a 
 pale colour, may either be rendered literally, or thus this silk has 
 the colour pale. The last construction is, perhaps, the most usual. 
 After mezzo, of is rendered by a, as in mezzo alia citta, in the 
 middle OF THE town. 
 
 The marquis lias lost his dog in the forest. In the 
 plantation we have a pond and five miniature bridges. 
 The prince's servants have some beautiful flowers in their 
 gardens. There were a multitude of people in the park 
 yesterday. Are the houses in Paris high r Are the trees 
 in France tall ? The meadows in England are very fertile. 
 I am always at home at ten o'clock in the morning. My 
 uncle and aunt are now in the house. I am writing to 
 my brother, who is in Turin. This is a beautiful sheet 
 of paper. Have you given the garland of roses to the 
 princess? The archduke's daughters are still unwell. The 
 kingdom of Prussia is not very large. The history of the 
 Greeks and Romans is very interesting. The coachman 
 has bought a bushel of corn. Here is another (ancord) 
 cup of chocolate. This gentleman is one of my friends. 
 The marshal has had a great number of servants, horses, 
 and carriages. This hyacinth is of a very pale colour, and 
 these pinks are of a dark red. I had in the country a fine 
 house, a large garden, and plenty of good books. 
 
 45. 
 
 Mernbro (m.), a member. Vilipeso, despised. 
 
 Durante, awing. Lodevole, praiseworthy. 
 
 Meta (f.), the half. Melar&.ncia (/.), an orange. 
 
 Pazzia (/.), stupidity. Alloggio (.), an inn, a lodging. 
 
 Certo, certain. Parlainento (.), a parliament. 
 
 Incerto, uncertain. Replicatamente, repeatedly. 
 
 Quantila (/.), a quantity. Discoi'so (m.\ a speech,. 
 
 Sediiia (/'.), a session. Volt a (/!), a vault, covering.
 
 44 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTTKSE. 
 
 HEM. Adjectives and Infinitives, when used substantively, take 
 the definite article, as il ricco, a rich man; il dolce, sweetness ; 
 il far del giorno, daybreak ; il cantar, singing, 
 
 Di chi 6 questa bella barca ? Tu hai ricevuto dal 
 giardiniere un cestello di ciriege ; sei tu contento ? II 
 figlio del medico ha dato il suo camedio a Maria. II 
 ricco 6 generalmente stimato, ma il povero e sovente 
 vilipeso. II far del bene a' poveri sempre lodevole. 
 Mio fratello non e in casa, e nel giardino. In casa non 
 c'e adesso nissuno. L'erba e gia alta. Le mie camice 
 son troppo lunghe. La nostra Regina un' eccellente 
 artista. Ho ricevuto questa settimana vent'uno fiorino. 
 Ecco un coniglio assai gentile. Noi abbiamo sei piccoli 
 gatti e dieci piccoli cani. Nel cestello vi erano ciriege, 
 pere, ed albicocche. L'Imperatore d' Austria e anche re 
 di Lombardia, ma non pella volonta del popolo. Questi 
 paesani hanno un poco di panno, di formaggio, e di vino. 
 Luigia aveva nella sua camera trenta sei noci, quaranta 
 due pomi e dodici melarance. Nei nostri prati vi 6 una 
 
 quantita di buoi, di pecore, di porci e di cavalli. 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 Magro, meagre, thin. Fenestra (f-\ a window. 
 
 Dieta (/.), diet. Ciiffia (f.), a cap, a bonnet. 
 
 Sanita (/.), health. Braccio (m.\ an arm, a yard. 
 
 Scottp (.), reckoning. Forbice (f. plu.), scissors. 
 
 Oggetto (*.). a ' 1 object. Dopo (prep.), after, behind. 
 
 Agretto, sourish. Giacche (adv.], since, for. 
 
 Sndicio dusty. Minaccia (/.), a threat. 
 
 Cortina (/.), a curtain. Naturale, natural. 
 
 HEM. The definite article is used in Italian as a mark of dis- 
 tinction with proper names, as il Dante, La Ristori. It is also 
 used in speaking of celebrated families, as Nicola deyli Angeli, 
 Lorenzo de' Medici. 
 
 Piccolomini is an admired actress. Tasso was a great 
 poet. There is a large heap of stones in the village market. 
 The pipe that my brother has bought is exceedingly hand-
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 45 
 
 some. Have you made a long journey this year ? "Where 
 have you bought those green spectacles ? Have you eaten 
 my orange ? No, I have not eaten anything. Here is 
 some wine, some water, and some beer. The window 
 curtains are very dusty. The drawing room windows were 
 left open last night. My brother's hat is in your' room. 
 The children's shoes are too large. Whose houses are 
 those ? "What are these tall trees ? Are these walnuts 
 good ? Are those books amusing P My red umbrella is 
 still new. Give this cap to Julia, and this cloak to John. 
 Joseph's friend has five fine dogs. That Greek is a man 
 of address. The butcher has bought a fat pig. The 
 Archduke Albert is endowed with much wit and tact. 
 That ox is very thin. These oysters are not fresh. Every 
 river that is long is not also broad. 
 
 47. 
 TPIE REGULAE VERBS. 
 
 THE infinitive mood of every Italian regular verb termi- 
 nates either in ARE, KRE, or IRE, arid according as the infi- 
 nitive is of one or other of these terminations, the verb 
 belongs to the First, Second, or Third Conjugations. 
 Verbs of the First Conjugation take the forms of amare, 
 those of the Second follow the inflections of credere, and 
 those of the Third assume the terminations of sentire ; 
 and the conjugations of those three verbs are given at 
 length in the Appendix to First Course. 
 
 A list of all the Verbs that deviate in their inflections 
 from the three models named, is given at the end of the 
 present course, and the remarks page 1 1 5 of First Course 
 being kept in view, any verb not included in the list of 
 irregulars, may be conjugated by simply substituting the 
 terminations of amare, credere or sentire for the infinitive 
 endings, are, ere, ire, respectively. The verb PAR-
 
 46 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUKSE. 
 
 LAKE, to speak, for example, being of the first Conjuga- 
 tion, takes the terminations of amare, thus 
 
 Am- are Parl-are 
 
 Present indicative. Present indicative. 
 
 io am-o io parl-o, / speak. 
 
 tu am-i tu parl-i, thou speakest. 
 
 egli am -a egli parl-a, he speaks. 
 
 noi am-iamo, noi parl-iamo, we speak. 
 
 voi am-ate, voi parl-ate, you speak. 
 
 e"glino am-ano eglino parl-ano, they speak. 
 and so through all the moods and tenses. 
 
 48. 
 
 Parlare, to speaJe, to talk. Abbreviate, to shorten. 
 
 Riposare, to rest, to repose. Designate, to draw. 
 
 Ristare, to remain, to rest Adorare, to worship. 
 
 Restate, to rest, to stay. Smontare, to dismount. 
 
 Enttare, to enter, to come in. Insult are, to insult. 
 Considerate, to consider, to look at. Impegnare a, to undertake, 
 
 Meritare, to merit, to deserve. Cantare, to sing. 
 
 Allontanare, to move away. Scusare, to excuse. 
 
 Augurare, toforetel, to wish. Disfilare, to tear. 
 
 Coricare, to lie stretched. Rincontrare, to meet. 
 
 Badare, to take care. Lodare, to praise. 
 
 Perdonare, to forgive, to pardon. Ascoltare, to listen to. 
 
 HEM. All verbs in are, are regular ; except dare, fare, stare, 
 andare, and their compounds. 
 
 AHrettanto (adv \a much, the same (to you] ; sotta voce (adv.), 
 in a low tone ; alta voce, in a high tone; ristabiliniento (>.), the 
 restoration to health ; a propdsito (adv.), by the way. 
 
 Non adoro che il Dio de' Cristiani. Ogni pena me- 
 rita il suo premio. Vi auguro una felice notte. Altret- 
 tanto. Smontiamo qui, entriamo in quest' osteria. No.n 
 ci allontaniamo di piil. Mia sorella canta gia da lungo 
 tempo. Altrevolte ella cantava meglio di adesso. Giu-
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 47 
 
 seppe park sotta voce, ma Giovanni parla ad alta voce. 
 Tu hai dimenticato il tuo libro da tuo cugino. Non 
 consideriamo quel tnascalzone. II medicos impegnft al 
 ristabilimento della regina. Perch non mi prestasti tu 
 la tua grammatica italiana ? II mio amico & coricato su 
 im letto di riposo. II generale m' insultava, cio nondi- 
 meno, gli perdoner6. II piccolo Carlo ascolta con atten- 
 zione quello che gli dico. Lavate questa camiciuola con 
 diligenza. Badute di non disfilare questo grembiale nel 
 lavarlo. A proposito, queste mutande voi le passerete 
 pella lisciva. lo passero per Torino e mio fratello pas- 
 serh per Milano e Roma. Quanto & ridente questo sito ! 
 riposiamoci un poco qui sulT erba. 
 
 49. 
 
 Fumiire, to smoke. Trovare, to find, to meet. 
 
 Formare, to form. Smoccolare, to snuff. 
 
 Cambiare, to change. Preparare, to prepare, to cover. 
 
 Spalencare, to open. Rappresentare, to represent. 
 
 Aceordare, to grant, Adacquare, to water. 
 
 Pubblicare, to publish. Abbandonare, to give up, to forsake. 
 
 Ingannare, to cheat. Guardare, to guard, to look, to look at. 
 
 Ordinare, to arrange. Nominare, to name. 
 Mescolare, to mix. Chiamare, to call. 
 
 Provare, to try. Ritrovare, to find again. 
 Ritornare, to return. Sperare, to expect, to hope for. 
 Cenare, to sup. Costare, to cost. 
 
 REM. Let, when used in the first person singular, is rendered 
 by the imperative of the verb, lascidre, as lasciaterni riposare, LET 
 me rest a little. When used in the frst plural, let is rendered 
 by the corresponding person of the Italian imperative, as cam- 
 rniniarao presto, LET us walk faster. When used in the third 
 person, let is rendered by che with subjunctive, as, ch' egli leparli, 
 LET him speak to her. 
 
 Come in. Listen to me. Look at me. Lend me some 
 money. Snuff' the candle. Sing me a song. Excuse me, 
 Sir. Change these towels. Cover the table. Bring the 
 forks and knives. Take care that the forks and knives 
 are well cleaned and polished. Let John arrange the 
 books. Let us praise the pupils that are diligent. Have
 
 48 AHN'S SKCOND ITALIAN 
 
 you bought the ounce of green silk ? No, but I hare 
 bought two pairs of shoes for little Eugenia. Have you 
 not bought some stockings for Louisa? That little bird sings 
 sweetly. Your sister sang a beautiful song. Have you 
 watered the flowers P Yes, we have watered our forget- 
 me-nots in the garden. Have you not watered mine? 
 Yes, we have watered yours too- Have you tried the 
 soup? No, but I have tried the roast-beef, which is 
 very good. The butcher's boy has cheated us. These 
 dresses cost a deal of money. Have you brought a curb 
 for the horse ? I shall buy two pairs of gloves ; one pair 
 for Louisa, and one pair for her cousin. 
 
 50. 
 
 Giocare or giuorare, to play, to xport. 
 
 Sonare or suonare, to play, tt> strike, to ring. 
 
 Bramare, to desire, wish, like, want. 
 
 Dirnandare, to request, to want, to ask after, to inquire for. 
 
 Comaudare, to command, to order, to require, to want. 
 
 Amare, to love, to like, to be fond of. 
 
 Biasimare, to blame, to scold, to find fault with. 
 
 Rirnproverare, to reproach, to rebuke. 
 
 Portare, to carry, to wear, to bring, to take. 
 
 REM. To play is rendered by giuocnre in speaking of games, 
 and by suonare in speaking of instruments. Suonare means to 
 touch or strike anything that gives out a sound, consequently it 
 means to ring as well as to play. The Italians say to sound or 
 play an instrument, not to play upon it, as in English. Some 
 lexicographers write giuocare and suonare without the u, usage 
 as regards the orthography of these, and other words of the same 
 class, not being fixed. 
 
 Gin oca Ella alle carte ? S$, giuoco un poco. Giuo- 
 cheremo ai pegni ? Le Signore giuocano alle carte ed i 
 Signori al bigliardo. To sono state al caffe, ove ho 
 giuocato alcune partite al bigliardo. I ragazzi furono 
 nel giardino ed hanno giuocato ai birilli. Mia moglie 
 non ha mai giuocato alle carte, ella non ama il giuoco, 
 Suoni tu il pianoforte ? Un poco, ma non bene. lo 
 suono anche un poco il violino. Suonano i vostri fra- 
 telli ancora il flauto ? Le mie sorelle suqnavano una
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTTUSE. 49 
 
 volta la chitarra, ma adesso non la suonano piu. L'oro- 
 logio ha suonato le ore. Ha suonato il eampanello per 
 me, Signora ? Si, datemi la polvere pe' denti. Che 
 zuppa comanda ? Se comanda le ostie, sono nel cas- 
 settino sotto il calamajo. Chidimanda Ella ? Dimando 
 mio nipote. Giovanni il vostro padrone vi dimanda. II 
 maestro ha biasimato oggi tuo fratello, e tua sorella, 
 perche non hanno fatto bene i loro temi. Noi eravamo 
 sempre afFezionati alle Signorine Beppo, e cercavamo di 
 fare loro dei piccoli piaceri. 
 
 51. 
 
 Arpa (/.), a harp; miisica (/.), music; paglia (/.), straw; 
 erde (.), a hero ; di quando in quando (adv.), now and then, 
 occasionally; a momento (adv.), immediately; riportare, to take 
 back, to briny back; collo (w ), the neck; ghinea (/.), a gui- 
 nea ; ritardare, to delay ; persino (adv.) even ; adulato, flat- 
 tered; alcuni (e. plu.), a few ; simile, similar, like ; adulazione 
 (/.), flattery ; ombra (/.), a shade, a shadow. 
 
 REM. The English verb to like may be rendered in Italian by 
 using a verb with the adverb volontieri, as giuoco volontieri alle 
 carte, / like to play at cards. In speaking of articles of food, to 
 like may be rendered either by gustare, trovare bene, or mangiare 
 volontieri, as gusta Lei le ostriche ? trova Ella bene le ostriche ? 
 or mangia Ella volontieri le ostriche ? do you like oysters f 
 
 The general plays cards now and then at our house. 
 I played a few games at billiards with your brother. Are 
 you fond of play ? No, but I like a game of cards occa- 
 sionally. Are you fond of music ? My brothers play a 
 little on the guitar, and I play on the violin. The young 
 ladies played very well 011 the piano. We had a little 
 music last night ; I sang, and my sisters played on the 
 harp. The clock has struck six. Who lias rung the bell? 
 Louisa likes to talk to Eugenia. Julia wishes to speak to 
 James. I should like to have a new coat similar to yours. 
 John, your master wants his boots. I asked for the boy 
 with the straw hat. The master found fault yesterday 
 with your nephevr. It' you should order any oysters, we 
 have some that are very excellent. He praises you be- 
 
 v
 
 50 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTJBSE. 
 
 cause you deserve it. Here is a pupil who draws well. 
 If you should require any oranges, I have some that are 
 quite fresh. These young ladies like much to be flat- 
 tered, but flattery is always injurious. 
 
 REM. The equivalent of Julia may be written either Giuylict 
 or Giulia ; but the latter is now becoming the most usual. 
 
 52. 
 
 Educare, to educate, to bring up. Pagare, to pay. 
 
 Pregiire, to pray, to beg, to intreat. Calunniare, to calumniate, 
 
 Abbaiare, to bark. Scacciare, to discharge. 
 
 Lasciare, to leave, to let. Motteggiare, to ridicule. 
 
 Odiare, to hate, to detest. Cominciare, to begin. 
 
 Impiegare, to employ. Copiare, to copy. 
 
 Consigliare, to advise. Tagliare, to cut. 
 
 Pronunciare, to pronounce. Pigliare, to take. 
 
 Minacciare, to threaten. Passeggiare, to walk. 
 
 REM. In conjugating the verbs in care, gare, and iare, the 
 learner will have to notice the remarks, page 115, First Course. 
 
 Impiegate bene il tempo. L'uomo dabbene odia Ja 
 cattiva societa. Lasci qui quel libro. lo ti consiglio di 
 non andar dallo straniero. Tu mi consigli male. Chi ha 
 calunniato il fornajo ? Noi non motteggiamo mai nia- 
 suno. Quando copierai i tuoi temi ? Perche hai tu 
 scacciato il tuo operajo, L'ho scacciato perch' egli era 
 troppo pigro. Portaci ancora alcune bottiglie di vino. 
 Giovanni, tu porterai questo panno al sartore. Noi por- 
 tiamo abiti neri e voi portate abiti turchini. Non avete 
 trovato il vostro cane ? No, cercherei ancora, se avessi 
 tempo. Paghi il suo debito. Hai tu pagato il beccajo, 
 ed il fornajo ? Li pagherei volontieri se avessi danaro. 
 La prego per un poco di vino. La preghero per alcune 
 mele ed alcune pere. Avete mangiato con buon' appe- 
 tito? Mangiate questo pezzetto di carne, ed un poco 
 di zuppa di riso. Non mangio mai prima del pranzo per 
 non perdere 1'appetito. Che tempe^ta indemoniata ! La 
 etrada & tutta rotta dagli alberi schiantati dal vento, ed 
 il torrente ha portato via il ponte.
 
 AHN S SECOND ITALIAN COTTBSE. 51 
 
 53. 
 
 Pardla (/.), a word; porco (m.}, pork ; pistola (/.), a pistol; 
 vena (/.), a vein; sangue (m.), blood; dormire, to sleep ; ma- 
 niera (/.), manner ; io stesso, myself; male (m.), iliness, disease ; 
 bene (adv.), correctly, perfectly, quite ; preferenza (/.), preference; 
 panni (/. plu.), clothes, linen; prigioniere (.), a prisoner; c61- 
 lera (/.), anger ; presciiitto (m.), ham; capprfne (.), a capon. 
 
 REM. The verb pregare is used in asking for anything politely, 
 as La prego pell' acqua, OBLIGE wie wrcVA -^Ae water, MAY I a*/fc 
 you for the water, or //;/ we Me water, PLKASK. In these kinds 
 of locutions, di yrazia may be used instead of the forms of pre- 
 gare. 
 
 Let that child sleep. How will you employ this money ? 
 Who has calumniated my friend? I have not calumniated 
 any one. We advise you not to go to France at present. 
 Who will bring up your sons ? I will bring my sons up 
 myself. May I ask you for a little beer ? Let us ask your 
 gardener for some flowers. W r e should ask him if he were 
 here. That dog barks all day. I detest dogs that bark. 
 My grandfather has discharged his coachman. Why has 
 he discharged his coachman ? He has discharged his 
 coachman because he was too idle. Have you paid the 
 butcher for the pork ? No, I have not paid him yet, be- 
 cause I had not enough of money. Pay the fellow hia 
 debt. The old man would pay his debts if he had money. 
 Let us cut this bread in two parts. Shall I cut this apple ? 
 Eat this little bit of roast-beef. We shall eat a little bit 
 of this ham. I shall not eat now, I have no appetite. 
 Have you copied your exercises yet? No, but I shall 
 copy them now. 
 
 54. 
 
 Inviare, to send. Abbracciare, to embrace. 
 
 Cavalcare, to ride. Tormentare, to torment. 
 
 Alloggiare, to lodge. Accompagnare, to accompany. 
 
 Danzare, to dance. Ajutare, to aid, to help, to assist. 
 
 Castigare, to chastise. Sbadigliare, to yawn. 
 
 Deplorare, to deplore. Abitare, to live, to dwell. 
 
 F 2
 
 52 AUK'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 REM. Verbs in (are (accented on the i) retain the i before 
 another *', whenever the accent falls upon it ; but invidmo, and 
 other forms that have the accent on the termination, are written 
 with one i only. 
 
 Merce (/".), merchandize, goods ; scrupoloso, scrupulous ; librajo 
 (m.), a librarian, Comprare a buon mercato, to buy very cheap ; 
 comprare troppo caro, to buy very dear, to pay too much for; 
 tant' oltre (adv.), so far, 
 
 lo invio spesso fiori a tua madre. Quando invii tu 
 lettere al tuo amico ? lo uon credo che il mio vicino 
 invii danaro ai poveri. Inviino la loro raerce a Parigi. 
 Hai tu gia inviato le carte al tuo corrispondente ? Le 
 sorelle di mia moglie suonano molto 1'arpa. I cani sono 
 animali che guardano le case. Questi fanciulli amano 
 i loro genitori. Odj tu Giuseppe ? Noi non odiauio 
 nessuno. Perche non copj tu la tua lettera ? Mangiate 
 delle frutta, vi prego. Cominciate la vostra lezione. 
 Mia sorella mangia molto volontieri le pesche, ed io 
 mangio volontieri le albicocche. Tu hai comprato queste 
 penne a buon mercato. Gli stolti comprano troppo caro 
 i loro piaceri. Le mie sorelle hanno trovato le vostre 
 figlie molto gentili. Una dama era si scrupolosa, e por- 
 tava tant' oltre la purezza dei costumi che rimproverfr 
 vm giorno aspramente al suo librajo, d'aver, nell' ordinare 
 la di lei biblioteca mescolato insiema le opere di autori 
 inascolini e fern minim. 
 
 55. 
 
 Uffieiale (m.), an officer; discolo, dissolute; stecca (/!), a paper- 
 knife; regolo (m.), a ruler; favola (/), a fable i freddo (m.), 
 cold ; merendare, to lunch; litigare, to litigate, to quarrel ; Bordo 
 (m.), Bordeaux, claret ; prussimo (>.)> a neir/hbour ; raccontare, 
 to relate, to Ml; malvagio, ill-doing; dinauzi (adv.), before; 
 sfacciato (m.), a falsehood, 
 
 REM. To open, in speaking of anything that shuts, is rendered 
 by aprire ; but when a bottle or anything that is fastened is im- 
 . plied, to open is rendered by_sturare.
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUBSE. 53 
 
 Let us not quarrel. Here is the luncheon for the chil- 
 dren. Let us lunch in the garden. We shall sup together 
 to-night. Last night I supped at my grandfather's. I 
 have eaten two plates of soup and a little bit of roast-beef 
 to-day. I grant the favour you have requested. Have 
 you published your book yet ? The teacher has praised 
 his pupil, because he deserved it. The three gentlemen 
 with whom we danced yesterday are ill. I bought these 
 stockings very cheap. Charles has paid too much for this 
 paper. Pray speak Italian, you speak that language very 
 well. I speak Italian every day with my father. There 
 is a lady who wishes to speak to you, sir. My sister forgot 
 her parasol in the garden yesterday. You have forgotten 
 everything already. I often send books to my friends. 
 We send fish every year to Germany. I shall send you a 
 handsome present, if you are studious. Give me a screw 
 to open this bottle of claret. The trees form a vault im- 
 pervious to the rays of the sun. We praise these boys 
 because they are active and obedient, but we find fault 
 with your sons because they are idle and careless. 
 
 56. 
 
 Io ho parlato, / have spoken. 
 Tu hai parlato, than hast spoken. 
 Egli ha parlato, he has spoken. 
 
 HEM. In speaking of a past act, when no definite time is im- 
 plied, or when a period of recent time not completely past is ex- 
 pressed, the Italian idiom prefers using the compound of the present 
 (pluperfect) tense, whilst the English idiom takes the simple past 
 (perfect) tense. 
 
 Armenti (m. plu.), cattle; terrcno (m.), soil; avidita (/!), avi- 
 dity ; condiscepolo (m.), a schoolfellow ; calore (m.), heat, warmth; 
 babbo (m.), papa ; polio (m.), a chicken, a fowl; ala (/.), awing; 
 coscia (/.), a leg; petto (m.), the breast; quadernetto (i.), a 
 copy-book ; valduga (/".), an avalanche. 
 
 Dove avete perduto la chiave della porta ? L'ho per- 
 duta nel cortile, ma 1'ho trovata. Sono venuto quests 
 
 F 3
 
 54 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 mattina da Parigi. Le Signore sono in casa ma non le 
 ho viste. Datemt un bicchiere del vino che ho coraprato 
 jeri. La settimana passata ho trovato accidentalmente le 
 Signore in citta. Questa mattina ho comprato del vino 
 e della birra. Jeri non ho bevuto che dell' acqua pura. 
 Alle due abbiamo veduto la Regina ed il Principe nel 
 parco. Ho venduto il piccolo cane al marchese. Jer sera 
 Giovanni ha dato la lettera al suo padrone. Abbiamo 
 veduto oggi i cavalli dell' Arciduca. 11 giudice nella sua 
 gioventil e stato sempre studiosoedattivo. Iltuoamico 
 arrivato oggi da Torino. lo era an com a casa allorche 
 egli e arrivato. Non hai tu detto qualche cosa al servo 
 del Signore ? Ho veduto le vostre sorelle a Milano. Dove 
 siete stata jer sera ? lo sono stata da hiia zia. E un' ora 
 ch' il generale e arrivato. 
 
 57. 
 
 Sgombrare, to clear ; premiare, to reward; confessare, to con- 
 fess'; ringraziare, to thank ; Pilippo (.), Philip ; Iddio (m,), 
 God; sparare, to shoot, to go off; detto, said, told; neppuie 
 (adv.\ by no means ; presso di (prep.), beside, near ; pennissione 
 (f.), permission ; spinaci (m. plu.), spinach. 
 
 REM. More is generally rendered^ by piti, as non parlate jtu'd, 
 do not say any MORE ; and in some negative constructions of this 
 kind piu lias the value of ancora, again, as non lo dimenticate piii, 
 do not forget it again. On the other hand, in such expressions as 
 take a cup more, more is rendered by ancora instead of piu, as 
 pigliate ancora un bicchiere di qucsto Bordo, take ANOTHER glass, 
 or take a glass MORE of this claret. 
 
 Take a little more of this capon. My mother drank some 
 coffee. We drank some Austrian wine. Frank paid too 
 much for the cherries. I bought these dresses very cheap. 
 Joseph lent his umbrella to his cousin. This is the book 
 I bought yesterday. I met your brother accidentally in 
 the theatre last week. I bought some paper and steel pens 
 this morning. I saw your nephew yesterday. My cousin 
 sold his horse to the marquis. I gave the money to the 
 butcher yesterday. I saw the emperor and the empress in
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUKSE. 55 
 
 their carriage to-day. I shot a crane in that wood. The 
 merchant arrived from Paris to-day. The queen arrived 
 thin morning from Windsor. Who told you that P My 
 cousin told it to me. The ladies have not been to our 
 house this morning. How long were you in Genoa? I 
 was at the shoemaker's last night. I was at my neighbour's 
 before dinner. Were you at the theatre yesterday ? Yes, 
 I was there ; the play was very interesting. 
 
 58. 
 
 Parlo io ? do I speak 1 Non parlo, / do not speak. 
 
 Parli tu ? dost thou speak ? Non parli, thou dost not speak. 
 
 Parla egli ? does he speak ? Non parla, he does not speak. 
 
 Parlai io ? did I speak ? Non parlai, / did not speak. 
 
 Parlasti tu ? didst thou speak ? Non parlasti, thou didst not speak. 
 
 Parlo egli ? did he speak ? Non parlo, he did not speak. 
 
 REM. The particles do and did, when used in English interro- 
 gative and negative sentences, are rendered in Italian by the simple 
 forms of the verb. 
 
 Gloria (f),fflory; complimentare, to compliment ; ne-ne (eon/.), 
 neither-nor ; intrepido, intrepid; pensare, to think; ognuno, 
 every one, each ; piuttusto (adv.), rather / porno di terra (.), a 
 potato ; polverio (m.). a cloud of dust ; calare, to close; vetro, 
 t/lass, a carriage-window; ben arrivato, welcome; mettera, he, 
 she, or it will put ; imbastito, basted. 
 
 Non lasci il certo pell' incerto. Ami tu tuo padre e 
 tua madre ? Non trovo la polvere pe' denti. Mi con- 
 sigli tu da amico ? Frutta non ne mangiate. Perche 
 non ne mangi tu? Mangiasti il tonuo ? Crede Ella che 
 quei cani abbaino ? Perche non abbracci tu il tuo amico ? 
 Passeggi tu ogni giorno nel parco ? Perche non castighi 
 quel cattivo ragazzo ? Chi non lavora e pigro, e chi e 
 pigro avr& sempre noja. Quanto costa la pezza questo 
 panno ? Non trovava ne il mio bastone n6 il mio cap- 
 pello. Trovasti il tuo ombrello ? Che cosa pensate del
 
 56 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN- COUHSE. 
 
 mio alloggio ? Balla bene la Signorina Beppo ? Dove 
 comprate le vostre fettucce ? Le compriamo dal calzet- 
 tajo. Perch torment! tu quel povero animale ? Non 
 abbandonate la piccola orfana. Date questo danaro al 
 povero ecclesiastico ma, di grazia, non mi nominate. Un 
 membro del parlamento rimproverava ad un suo collega 
 di non aver mai aperto la bocca durante tutta la seduta. 
 " Scusatemi, Signore, gli rispose questi ; ho sbadigliato 
 replicatamente ad ognuno de' vostri discorsi." 
 
 59. 
 
 Toccare, to touch; valordso, valiant; colmato, overwhelmed; 
 quindi (adv.}, whence ; grado (iw.)> a dignity ; tilolo (i.)> a title ; 
 prossimita (/.), neighbourhood; pensione (/.), a pension ; spe- 
 gnera, he or it will extinguish; pure (adv.), entirely, at once; 
 pretensione (.), an aspiration ; intenzione (/".), an intention. 
 
 REM. Before is generally rendered by inndnzi, or dinanzi ; 
 but when used in the sense of by this lime, it is rendered by gia, 
 as saremmo gia stati qui, ma avemmo mold affari, we would have 
 been here BEFORE, but we have been very busy. The adverb gia 
 signifies properly already ; but in some constructions, is used instead 
 of ora or adesso for now, as e gia tempo di andare, it is NOW lime 
 to go, particularly when used with da in speaking of a past time, 
 as mio amico e gia, da tre settimane ammalato, my friend has 
 NOW been ill three weeks. Gia is also used instead of ancora for 
 yet, as avete voi gia cominciato la vostra Iezi6ne ? have you begun 
 your lesson YET ? 
 
 Do not touch me. Do not listen to him. Do not look 
 at me. Pray do not come in. Do not snuff the candle. 
 Do not eat the fruit. Do not take these pens. Do not 
 let us walk so fast. Don't look for your dog here. Don't 
 epeak to the fellow again. Whom do you want ? I do 
 not want anyone. What wine do you like P Do you like 
 sweet wines? Do you not like white wines? Yes, but I 
 do not like Austrian white wine. Do you sing? Yes, but 
 I do not sing often. Where do you buy your needles? 
 At what hour do you lunch ? I lunch generally at two 
 o'clock. Where does your tailor live? He lives in our 
 neighbourhood. Doea your sister dance well P What do
 
 SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 57 
 
 these oysters cost a-busbel ? Have you opened the bottle 
 of claret yet? Your scissors do not cut well. What 
 (come) do you call this in Italian ? How do you find the 
 weather ? I iind it very bad. Do you speak French or 
 Italian ? No, I do not speak either French or Italian. 
 Does Miss Beppo not speak English ? Do all these 
 strangers speak German ? Yes, every one of them speaks 
 that language. 
 
 60, 
 
 Ho parlato ? did I speak f Non ho parlato, / did not speak. 
 H ai parlato ? didst thou speak f Non hai parlato, thou didst nut speak. 
 Ha parlato ? did he speak ? Non ha parlato, he did not speak. 
 
 REM. The Italian compound tense is rendered hy did in nega- 
 tive and interrogative sentences, when an indefinite or recent period 
 of past time is expressed. (See Hem. Ex. 56.) 
 
 Prima (adv.}, first, before; vino nero, red wine; poi, then; 
 restituito, returned ; si puo, it may be; d' altronde (adv. ,), besides ; 
 per 1' appuuto (adv.), exactly ; quello che, what, whatever ; me- 
 stiere (m.), profession; alia portata (adv.), within reach ; aniina 
 (f.), the soul, the mind ; conddtta (/.), guidance ; dissipato, dis- 
 sipated ; menare, to lead; naturalfsta (m.), a naturalist ; descri- 
 zione (f.), a description ; scald (y.) a staircase, stairs. 
 
 Quando ha Ella parlato a mio fratello ? Gli parlai 
 Lunedi prima di vedervi. Ha Ella parlato ? Che ha detto ? 
 A chi avete dato la lettera ? Noi 1'abbiamo data al 
 marchese. Avete veduto mia cugina in chiesa ? Hai tu 
 messo il mio temperino nel tiratojo ? Con chi siete 
 venuto da Parigi ? Quando siete arrivato ? Dove avete 
 comprato questa padella ? L'abbiamo comprata in citta. 
 Jer sera non abbiamo danzato molto. Come avete trovato 
 il vino nero ? Noi abbiamo trovato il vino eccellente ma 
 la birra pessima. A chi hai tu prestato la tua gramma- 
 tica italiana. Quanto ha costato questo panno ? Non 
 ha costato piu di tre lire il braccio. II medico 6 venuto,
 
 58 Aim's SECOND ITALIAN COUKSE. 
 
 ma non 1'ho visto. La Signora gli ha parlato, ma egli 
 non 1' ha udita. Ho aperto la lettera, ma poi non 1' ho 
 letta. Voi non m'avete ristituito i due libri che vi prestai. 
 Perch non avete portato il mio vestito ? Perche non 
 era che imbastito. 
 
 61. 
 
 Sino a (conj.\ as far as ; betula (/.), a birch-tree ; verisfmile, 
 likely ; pergolato (m.\ a vine-arbour; benino (adv.), pretty well; 
 secondo (prep.), according to ; follia (/.)> fUy >" tristo, sad; ro- 
 inanzo (), a novel; andanimo, we went; infelice, unhappy; 
 edlito, usual, custom; reumatfsmo (m.), rheumatism; giovinotto 
 (.), a fop, scapegrace ; venditore di giornali (wi.), a newsman, 
 
 We certainly did not eat alt the peaches. Did you see 
 the doctor at Turin P When did you speak to my cousin P 
 I spoke to him last night. What did you say P I did not 
 say anything. What did you buy P I did not buy any- 
 thing. When did your nephew arrive ? Where did you 
 buy that paper? We bought it in the city. Why did 
 you torment that poor animal P We did not torment it. 
 How much did these silk ribbons cost ? Whom did you 
 lend your green umbrella top How did you like the 
 oysters ? We found them most wretched. Why did you 
 not speak Italian P Neither the newsman nor his lad has 
 brought the newspaper. Who did this ? We did not do 
 it. Little Charles probably did it. Did you write your 
 exercises last night ? Did the baker bring the bread to- 
 day P When did the butcher bring the meat P How long 
 did you stay in Paris ? Did the teacher find fault with 
 the children ? Did you assist the poor widow ? Why did 
 you not accompany your father as far as Home P I did 
 not sup yesterday at my grandfather's. 
 
 62. 
 
 Parlo, 7 am speaking. 
 Parlava, / was speaking. 
 Purlero, / will be speaking. 
 Ho parlato, 1 have been speaking.
 
 AUN's SECOND ITALIAN COTJESE. 59 
 
 . The simple tenses of the Italian verb stand for the cor- 
 responding tenses of the English middle voice or tenses com- 
 pounded with the participle in ing and a form of the verb to be. 
 
 Vai, than goest, or you go ; agonia (/.), the point of death ; 
 circondare, to surround, to environ ; moribdndo, dying ; affannare, 
 to trouble ; forestiere (.), a foreigner ; andato, gone ; prova (/!), 
 a proof ; altrimenti (adv), otherwise ; olimpico, Olympic; desi- 
 derava, it was to be desired ; nuvola (/.), a cloud ; lungamente 
 (adv.), long ; uscire, to issue ; applicare, to apply ; prendere, to 
 take ; rendere, to render, to give back ; credeasi, he believed him- 
 self. 
 
 Dove sei tu stato ? Sono stato al caff e, ed ho giuo- 
 cato alcune partite al bigliardo coi Francesi. Che 
 cerchi tu qui ? lo cerco il mio bastone. Non credo 
 che cerchi un bastone. Le tue sorelle ti cercano nel 
 giardino. Le serve hanno cercato il tuo piccolo fratello. 
 lo vado oggi collo straniero nel parco. Vai tu in 
 Sardegna quest' anno? Giuseppe va con suo padre a 
 Parigi. Queste fettucce sono tali quali le mie sorelle 
 le cercavano. Perche non mangia Ella le frutta ? Scu- 
 satemi, io ne mangio. Quei Signori che cavalcano nel 
 parco, sono i figli del generale. Quando tu eri alia 
 campagna, parlavi spesso di passeggi, ma adesso tu 
 parli sempre dei tuoi libri. Un celebre medico era all' 
 agonia ; mold de' suoi confratelli lo circondavano e 
 deploravano si gran perdita "Signori, disse loro i) 
 moribondo, non vi affannate ; lascio dopo di me tie 
 grandi medici" I suoi confratelli lo pregarono di nomi- 
 narli, giacche ognun di loro credeasi di essere in que] 
 numero " Sono essi, rispose, la dieta, 1'acqua, e I'eser- 
 cizio." 
 
 63. 
 
 Solo, alone ; potere, to be able ; vedeVe, to see ; Zeusi (m.), 
 Xeuxifs ; vedendo, seeing ; violetta (/.), a violet j domattina (?n.), 
 'o-nwrrow morning ; nascostamente (orfj'.), secretly ; intrigato,
 
 60 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUESE. 
 
 entangled; forniraenti (m. plu,), harness; assunzione (f.),assump* 
 lion ; Papato (m.), the papacy. 
 
 Your brother is playing at billiards with his cousin. 
 The doctor has been playing at cards with the general. 
 What are you looking for p Are you looking for your 
 spectacles ? No, I am looking for my hat and stick. We 
 were working, but you were not working. The children 
 are taking these flowers to their grandmother. I have been 
 lodging three years in this house. We are looking for 
 the doctor's snuff-box. Are you eating the peaches ? No, 
 I am eating the cherries. Are you looking for my book or 
 his ? We have been looking in the wood, in the park, and 
 on the meadows for violets and forget-me-nots. I believe 
 that Mary is walking alone in the garden. Is Frank 
 copying his letters ? You are always talking of the 
 stranger. Why is Charles always talking of his cousin ? 
 My little sister is always talking of her grandmother. Is 
 the marquis speaking ? We are going to dinner. Is 
 your friend going to Rome ? These handkerchiefs are 
 such as I was looking for. Why do you find fault with 
 Peter ? We find fault with him because he has been very 
 negligent. Are you bringing the forks and knives ? 
 
 64. 
 
 Ve'ndere, to sell. Credere, to believe, to think. 
 
 Perdere, to lose. Battere, to beat, to strike. 
 
 Cedere, to yield. Ricevere, to receive, to get. 
 
 Bipettere, to repeat. Tern ere -f to f ear ' to ^ read > 
 
 Splendere, to shine. ' ( to lie afraid of. 
 
 Godere, to enjoy, to rejoice. Serpere, to slip, to glide. 
 
 REM. The verbs credere, cedere, and ricevere have either ci or 
 elte in the past definite, the others ei only. 
 
 Buon di Signer mio, godo in vederla ; come va la 
 salute? Grazie a Dio, godo ora d'una buona saluta. 
 Giuseppe ha prestato a suo cugino 1'ombrello ehe ha 
 ricevuto da suo padre. Mio fratello ricevette la chiave 
 dal medico. Che cosa temete voi ? Noi non temiamo 
 nulla. Le mia sorelle godoao di ritrovarvi a casa. Da
 
 AHN'S SKCOND ITALIAN COURSE. 61 
 
 chi ha tua zia ricevuto quello specchio ? II mio vicino 
 vendera la sua casa per due mila lire. Tu venderesti 
 certamente il tuo cane al generale, se egli te lo pagasse 
 bene. La moglie di mio cugino perderk ancora la sua 
 salute. Temete le niinacce del maestro. Se non temete 
 le sue minacce sarete puniti. Le tue nipoti sono timi- 
 dissime, teraono persino la loro ombra. Chi ha battuto 
 col piede ? Batteranno a momenti le sette, e gia tempo 
 d'imparare. Nessuno ha creduto questa storia. II medico 
 Sforza e rappresentato dalla storia come un eroe dell' 
 amicizia. 
 
 65. 
 
 Amifizia (./".), friendship ; momento, an instant, a moment; 
 tuono (m.\ thunder ; veudere troppo caro, to charge too much 
 for ; beccolare, to peck ; armata (f), a fleet, army, troops ; scon- 
 fitto, defeated; vincitdre, victorious; republieano, republican; 
 sofa (m.), a sofa; tremare, to tremble; neve (/.), snow; Ponte- 
 fice (.,) the pope ; divenuto, become; partenza (/.), departure; 
 struzzo (), an ostrich. 
 
 REM. Credere means to imagine, suppose, or think without 
 reflection ; pensdre implies to think by turning the matter over in 
 one's mind. 
 
 I got letters every day from France. We get flowers 
 from the gardener every morning. The workmen get 
 their money every week. The servants got the bread 
 from the baker. The poor widow has got the dresses. 
 My brother has got a flute from the marquis. Have you 
 got the book from the artist ? -I will not sell my dog, but 
 I will sell my horse. Has your neighbour sold his grain ? 
 The general has lost the friendship of the archduke. You 
 lose at every instant your books and your pens. You 
 have received more than you expected for your picture. 
 Do you believe this story ? No, I believe the reverse. 
 Why do you believe the reverse P What are you afraid 
 of P I am not afraid of anything. That little girl is afraid 
 of the thunder. Formerly I was afraid of thunder, but 
 I do not dread it now. You will by-and-bye enjoy the 
 
 c
 
 62 AHN S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 pleasures of the country. The servant brought the books, 
 but I did not receive them. The clock is striking twelve 
 o'clock. Why are you always beating that poor cat P I 
 think these merchants charge too much for their goods. 
 
 66. 
 
 Divertire, to amuse. Fuggfre. to avoid, to shun, to run away. 
 
 Arrossire, to blush. Abborrire, to abhor, to detest. 
 
 Mentfre, to lie. ' Sentfre, to feel, to hear. 
 
 Ruggire, to roar. Servfre, to nerve, to aid, to be the use of. 
 
 Guarire, to cure. Bollire, to boil. 
 
 Spedire, to despatch. Avvertire, to advise. 
 
 REM. Some verbs in ire have the present indicative, subjunc- 
 tive, and imperative forms likefinire; others tiike either the forn>s 
 offinire or sentire indifferently. (See page 115, Appendix to First 
 Course.) 
 
 Che gli scolari mi avvertano (od avvertiscano) della 
 loro partenza. Abborro (od abborrisco) gli oziosi ed i 
 negligent!. II sangue gli bolle nelle vene dalla gran 
 collera. lo spedisco queste cuffie e queste futtucce 
 alia cugina. lo arrossirei di mentire. II nostro me- 
 dico guarisce bene. Guariremo quell' uomo del suo 
 male ? Sono guarito del mio male in tre settimane. II 
 prigioniere non guarirk piu del suo male. Che c' di 
 nuovo ? Non ho sentito niente. Serviremo volontieri 
 il nostro prossimo. Come ! dormite ancora, ed d gia 
 cosi tardi. II troppo dormire non e sano. lo diver- 
 tiro un poco i fanciulli, raccontero loro delle favole. II 
 cane fuggl dinanzi al suo padrone. Noi fuggiamo 
 sempre i luoghi umidi. Hai tu sempre fuggito i mal- 
 vagi ? Hai tu dormito bene questa notte ? Si, ho dor- 
 mito molto bene. A che serve questo ? Questi servi e 
 queste serve servono bene i loro padroni e le loro pa- 
 drone. 
 
 67. 
 
 Tossfre, to cough. Langufre, lo pine, to droop* 
 
 Preferire, to prefer. Inghiottiif, to sirnllunt. 
 
 Spartire, to distribute. Assorbfre, to absorb.
 
 SECOND ITALIAN COUKSE. 63 
 
 Eseguire, to execute. Applaudire, to applaud, 
 
 Persegui're, to pursue. Muggfre, to bellow. 
 
 Schernire, to ridicule. Smeiitire, to give the lie to. 
 
 I abhor the wicked. Dost tliou not abhor the disso- 
 lute ? The lion roars. The water boils on the fire. I 
 give the lie to those falsehoods. If thou liest, thou wilt 
 be chastised. The cattle bellow in the meadows. My 
 wife advises her sister. The officers applaud the deeds of 
 their friends. Applaud the deeds that deserve to be 
 applauded. A dry soil absorbs the rain with avidity. 
 Why do you ridicule your school -fellows ? I never 
 ridicule any one. The ostrich swallows wood, stones, and 
 iron. The flowers droop from the great heat. The poor 
 woman pines in wretchedness. I pursue my route by 
 Turin, Milan, and Rome. Thou coughest all night, and 
 Lucy coughs a little too. Art thou not ashamed of being 
 idle P Dear papa, here is your handkerchief finished. 
 Shall I give you a wing of this chicken P Do you prefer 
 the leg or the breast ? I hear that the sculptor will soon 
 return from Italy. You will hear something new by and 
 bye. He who aids his neighbour, is a generous man. 
 My grandfather is sleeping. Have you not slept enough ? 
 Is the water boiling? It has boiled, but it does not boil 
 now. The servant will have distributed the fruit amongst 
 the children by this tune. 
 
 68. 
 
 Punire, to punish. Sortfre, to go out, 
 
 Capire, to understand. Perire, to perish. 
 
 Patire, to svfftr. Fiorire, to bloom, to bud. 
 
 Compatire, to pity. Ubbidfre a, to obey. 
 
 Ferire, to wound. Colplre, to strike. 
 
 La sanita fiorisce sulle guance delle vostre sorelle. 
 Quando finerete una volta questo lavoro ? Voi mentite, 
 se dite cio'. Noi non mentiamo mai. I fanciulli non 
 devono mai mentire. Tu non eseguisci quello che ti 6 
 stato comandato. Iddio punisce i malvagi e premia i 
 buoni. Gli scolari capiscono bene le regole. Capite 
 voi quello ch' il maestro vi ha detto ? Tu non capisci 
 
 G 2
 
 64 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 neppure questo. Tu non 1'avresti neppure capito. lo 
 corapatisco il povero uomo, egli ha perduto il suo miglior 
 amico. Mio fratello haferito accidentalmente il suo con- 
 discepolo in un braccio. II beccajo era ricco ma dive- 
 nuto povero. Ho gran voglio di dormire sono stanchis- 
 simo. Avete il tonno presso di voi. Vi ringrazio, ma ho 
 finito. Noi abbiamo patito molto freddo nel nostro 
 viaggio. Noi non siamo stati puniti, perche eravamo 
 sempre attenti, ed abbiamo fatto il nostro dovere. II 
 cittadino ubbidisce alle leggi, rammalato al medico, i figli 
 ubbidiscono ai genitori, gli scolari ai maestri, ed i servi 
 ai padroni. 
 
 69. 
 
 Questa notte, to-night, last nigld ; cattivo, naughty; compag- 
 nia (/.), company; bcllezza (/.), beauty; studio (wz.), study; 
 divertimento (m.), amusement; arguz:e (/. plu.), nonsense; of- 
 frxre, to offer; altrui, others; forttina (/.), fortune; mereanzie 
 (f.plu.), goods ; Giovedi (m.), Thursday ; ambizioso, ambitious ; 
 ri guard o, respect. 
 
 Finish that work. "Why do you run away P Let us 
 amuse the children. The clergymen have distributed the 
 money amongst the poor. I sleep in this chamber, and 
 my brother in that. Do you not sleep too much P My 
 brothers will certainly be sleeping. The prisoners will 
 sleep badly to-night. Our doctor will cure you of your 
 illness. Charles was cured of his illness in a few days. I 
 always obey my parents. If thou wilt obey, thou wilt not 
 be punished. I do not undersand this rule. Do you 
 understand what I have said ? I execute the orders that 
 are given to me. The rose is blooming already. All the 
 trees are budding. The marquis has accidentally wounded 
 his servant. Punish your children when they are naughty. 
 We always shun bad company. Do you always shun bad 
 company P Yes, I always shun bad company. My mo- 
 Iher is a little unwell, she has not slept all night. I 
 
 E refer goodness to beauty, and study to amusement. You 
 ave the claret near you. I thank you, but I have 
 finished. My school-fellow is a merry youth, he often 
 amuses an entire company with his nonsense.
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUUSE. 65 
 
 70. 
 
 Partf re, to part, to start, to leave, to yo away. 
 Partire per, to go to ; Partire da, to leave, to quit. 
 Favorire, to favour, to oblige with, to be kind enough. 
 
 Io devo partir per Milano. 11 raarchese parte per 
 Parigi. II re e partito jeri da Torino. Noi partiremo 
 ancor oggi per Geneva. Voi non potete partire, perch 
 non avete permissione. II medico partito questa setti- 
 mana colla vedova per Venezia. Oggi sortiro con Luigi 
 ed Eugenia. A che ora sortirete voi ? Io favorisco 
 quel giovane perche 6 diligente. Posso offrirvi de' spi- 
 naci ? Favoritemi piuttosto dei pomi di terra. Che pol- 
 verio ! favorisca di calare i vetri. Ben arrivati, Signori, 
 favoriscano in sala, la mia gente mettera il legno a co- 
 perto. Siate intrepido e" valoroso dinanzi al nemico, 
 disprezzate i pericoli, e la vita istessa ; voi sarete col- 
 niato d'onore, di titoli, di gradi, e di pensioni. Egli e 
 vero che si pub rincontrar la morte sul caimnino della 
 gloria ; ma la morte abbreviando i vostri giorni, spe- 
 gnera pure in voi le vostre pretensioni. D'altronde per 
 1'appunto il pericolo e quello, che rende nobile il mestier 
 delle armi. Ecco 1' impiego delle anime grandi, ma non 
 gia alia portata d'ognuno. 
 
 71. 
 
 Conto (m.'), a bill of fare ; salame (OT.), a sausage; pastfccio 
 (m.), a pie ; fetta (/.), slice; gelatina (/.), a jelly i granatiere 
 (m.), a grenadier ; melldne (>.), a melon; zucca (/.), a pump- 
 kin; cetriudla (m.), a cucumber ; sigaro (m.), a cigar,- a furia 
 (adv.), furiously; vedete, see; ambasciadore (.)> an ambassa- 
 dor ; prontamente (adv.), promptly. 
 
 When will Mr. Beppo leave P He will leave to-day. 
 My brothers went away together. The marquis left Lon- 
 don yesterday. I must go to Paris to-morrow. The 
 merchant arrived yesterday from Paris, and will start in 
 three days from France. Are you going out to-day P 
 
 a 3
 
 AHN S SECOND ITALIAN COTJH8E. 
 
 We should willingly go out if we bad time. When you 
 go out, buy a pair of gloves for Julia. Oblige us with the 
 bill of fare. John, oblige me with a light. Be kind 
 enough to hand me the bread. Take a little of the tunny, 
 of the raw sausage, or of this pie. Oblige me rather with 
 a slice of ham, and a little jelly. Have all the pupils 
 understood the rules ? Yes, ail have understood them. 
 Will you not soon cease your playing ? When once you 
 begin, you never leave off. When will you finish your 
 exercise ? I cannot finish all these exercises to-day ; they 
 are too difficult, and I have not perfectly understood the 
 rules. Do you find fault with the children because they 
 have not understood these rules ? The general perished, 
 and with him an entire company of grenadiers. 
 
 72. 
 THE REFLECTIVE VERBS. 
 
 VERBS are said to be reflective when they are conjugated 
 with the following pronouns : 
 
 mi, myself, 
 
 ti, thyself. 
 
 f himself. 
 
 . J herself. 
 si, < . . .? 
 ] itself. 
 
 (_ ones self. 
 ci, ourselves. 
 vi, yourselves. 
 si, themselves. 
 
 These pronouns are termed rejlectives, and are generally 
 placed before the verb, as io mi diverto, I am amusing 
 myself. They are, however, placed after the participles, 
 the Infinitive mood and the forms of the Imperative, in 
 which case they are written with the verb as one word, 
 the infinitive dropping the final e : thus divertirsi, for si 
 divertire, to amuse outs self. Some writers, particularly
 
 AHN'S SKCOKD ITALIAN COUUSK. 67 
 
 the poets, place the nouns after all the forms of the 
 verb, as divertoj.ii for mi diverto, in which case the initial 
 consonant of the reflective is doubled after the accented 
 forms, as divertiroi' for mi divertirb, I shall amuse my- 
 self. 
 
 Except in so far as regards being associated with the 
 pronouns named above, the reflective verbs are conju- 
 gated in precisely the same way as others of like termi- 
 nations : those in arsi take the terminations of amare, 
 those in ersi assume the inflexions of credere, and those 
 in irsi go through the same series of changes as sentire 
 or finire. (See conjugation of rallegrarsi, Appendix to 
 First Course.) Some writers drop the o of the first and 
 third persons imperative, and write pentansi for pentanosi, 
 pentiamci for pentiamcci, and sometimes they change m 
 into u, as pentianci: these deviations from the general 
 rule are, however, only to be observed by the learner in 
 reading, not in writing Italian. 
 
 The compound tenses of the reflective verbs are formed 
 with the auxiliary essere, and not as in English, with 
 avere, thus : 
 
 lo mi sono lavato, I HAVE washed myself. 
 
 tu ti sei lavato, thou HA si washed thyself. 
 
 egli si e lavato, he HAS washed himself. 
 
 noi ci siamo lavati, we HAVE washed ourselves, 
 
 voi vi siete lavati, you HAVE washed yourselves. 
 
 eglino si sono lavati, they HAVE washed themselves 
 and so through all the moods and tenses of es&ere. In 
 the compounds of the participle, essendo may be ele- 
 gantly dropped, as rallegratosi for essendosi rallegrato, 
 having enjoyed one's self. 
 
 Verbs conjugated with the reflective pronouns in the 
 plural are termed reciprocal, and sometimes form their 
 compound tenses with avere.
 
 68 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COITUSE. 
 
 73. 
 
 Rallegrarsi, to enjoy one's self, llaccomandarsi, to recommend 
 Riscaldarsi, to overheat one's one's self. 
 
 self. Avvezzarsi, to accustom one's self. 
 
 Bivertfrsi, to amuse one's self. Ahbandonarsi, to trust one's self. 
 
 Stabilirsi, to establish one's self. Applicarsi, to apply one's self. 
 
 Arricchirsi, to enrich one's self. Scusarsi, to excuse one's self. 
 
 Rendersi, to render one's self. Esercitarsi, to practise one's self. 
 
 Credersi, to think one's self. Lusingarsi, to flutter one's self. 
 
 Lavarsi, to wash one's self. Vestfrsi, to dress one's self. 
 
 Riposarsi, to rest one's self. Svestirsi, to undress one's self. 
 
 Smarrirsi, to lose one's self. Rimirarsi, to look at one's self. 
 
 Coprfrsi, to wrap one's self up. Bastonarsi, to cudgel one another. 
 
 Io mi abbandono alia tua parola. Abbandoniamoci 
 alia condotta del nostri maestri. Tu ti applichi troppo 
 poco alia lingua italiana. Pietro si scuso col dire, che 
 non aveva un libro. Tuo padre vuole che tu ti eserciti 
 nel parlare. Non vi lusingate d'aver ajuto da noi, se 
 non lo meritate. Vestiti subito. Io mi vestiro in un 
 momento. Svestitevi, fa gia tardi. Mio fratello si lava 
 adesso. Noi ci lavammo nella nostra camera. Riposia- 
 moci un poco ; sono stanchissimo. Voi vi riposaste gi& 
 nel giardino. Si rimiri nello specchio, Signore. I cat- 
 tivi fanciulli si battono spesso fra di loro. Gli straniei i 
 si erano smarriti in un bosco di querce e di betule. Vi 
 copriste voi la notte passata col vostro mantello ? Si 
 me ne seriri. Questi ragazzi si sono bastonati parecchi 
 volte, hanno rotto i loro bastoni. |] verisimile che 
 queste donne non si vestano ancora. E triste che tu ti 
 affligga ancora di cio che ti ho detto. Essendoci ve^iti 
 andammo sotto il pergolato del nostro giardino, per leg- 
 gervi un romanzo interessante.
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTTKSE. 69 
 
 74. 
 
 Modestia (/.), modesty ; piazza (/.), a square, a place ; tiglio 
 (m.), a linden-tree; commercio (m.), trade; mattinata (/.), the 
 morning; serata (/.), the evening; fiocco (m.), a flake; gelo (m ), 
 a frost; di nudvo (adv.), again ; temporale (m.), a storm ; lampo 
 (m.), a flash of lightning ; a diluvio (adv.), in torrents ; repliciire, 
 to reply ; merito (.), a merit. 
 
 REM. The reflective pronouns generally drop the i before a verb 
 beginning with that vowel, as voi vingannate for voi vi ingan- 
 nate. Before any other vowel the i may be either dropped or 
 retained, as si avvezz' or a'avvezz* but the i of ci must always 
 stand before a, o, and w, so that the liquid sound of c may be 
 preserved, as ci avvezzammo, we accustomed ourselves, not c'av- 
 vtzzammo. 
 
 Do not let us overheat ourselves. We have enjoyed 
 ourselves much in the country. The children are amusing 
 themselves in the park. Have you washed yourselves to- 
 day yet P No, but I shall wash myself now. You apply 
 yourselves too little to your studies. You shall establish, 
 yourself at Florence, and we shall establish ourselves 
 here. The girls are dressing themselves in their mother's 
 room. Peter and Eugenia are fighting each other. Mo- 
 desty recommends itself to every one. The English have 
 enriched themselves by trade. The merchant enriched 
 himself during the war. Whilst we were washing our- 
 selves, the others were dressing themselves. We amused 
 ourselves in the square, whilst your sisters were resting 
 themselves under the shade of the lindens. The general 
 wrapped himself up in his cloak. You would render your- 
 self unhappy if you were not honest and industrious. 
 My sisters are in the country, and are amusing them- 
 selves there with their friends. I shall amuse myself a 
 little in the garden. These girls will not have washed them- 
 selves yet. We should have dressed ourselves before, if 
 we had had time to dress ourselves. These strangers 
 would have lost themselves in the forest, if we had not 
 been with them. 
 
 75. 
 
 Rallegr&rsi, to be glad. Insrannarsi 4 to be deceived - 
 
 Credersi, to be supposed. ' \ to be mistaken.
 
 70 AUN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 Vestirsi, to be clothed. Chiamarsi, to be called or named 
 
 Trovarsi, to be found. Sconcertarsi, to be put out. 
 
 Contentarsi, to be contented. Sentirsi, to be the matter. 
 
 Pensarsi, to be thought. Celebrarsi, to be celebrated. 
 
 Spiegarsi, to be explained. Nutrirsi, to be fed. 
 
 Divertirsi, to be amused. Perdonarsi, to be pardoned. 
 
 Levarsi, to be up. Dirnenticarsi, to be forgotten. 
 
 REM. Instead of using a past participle with the verb to be, as in 
 English, the Italian idiom prefers using the verb reflectively, as 
 trovarsi for essere trovato, to be found. 
 
 Chi non si contenta povero. Gli stranieri sono piti 
 caritatevoli di quel che si pensa. Le ragazze si divertono 
 bene al passeggio. Come ti diverti tu alia campagna ? 
 Ti sei tu divertito bene da tuo nonno. II mio servo si 
 chiama Giovanni. Come ti chiami tu ? lo mi chiamo 
 Carlo. Come sta Suo fratello ? Benino, secondo il solito. 
 Me ne rallegro moltissimo. Che cosa si sente ? Ho un 
 reumatismo. I forestieri dalle barbe nere, sono stati piu 
 cauti che non si credeva. I tuoi aft'ari sono andati questa 
 volta meglio di quello che si pensava. Credo che i pri- 
 gionieri si nutriscano solo di pane e d'acqua. Non t' 
 inganni tu qualche volta ? M'inganno raramente. Voi 
 v'ingannerete certamente questa volta. Noi ci rallegre- 
 remo moltissimo di darvi prove della nostra amicizia. 
 Credo che questa parola si pronunci altrimenti. Un' errore 
 si perdona e si dementica facilmente. I giuochi olimpici 
 si celebravano ogni quarto anno. Come si chiama cio in 
 Inglese ? Come si chiamano questi oggetti in Francese ? 
 I fanciulli si sono gia levati. Desiderava che il mio amico 
 non si fosse trovato nella cornpagnia di quel mascalzone, 
 
 76. 
 
 Fieno (;.), hay; forc5ne (m.) y a poker ; scordato, forgotten s 
 grandine (/.), hail; danno (/.), damage; campo (M.), a field j 
 spaventare, to frighten ; inverno (.), winter; tempestare, tu 
 storm; piu volte, very often; a ciel dirotto (adv.}, in heavy 
 showers; manico (m.), a cuff; becco (m.), a goat; gentiludmo 
 {in.), a gentleman.
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 71 
 
 Is that my old coat ? You are not mistaken : it is the 
 same. That boy is your brother, if I am not mistaken. 
 This time you are certainly mistaken. What is that called 
 in Italian P That is called a melon in English. The actress 
 was not put out, though she had forgotten her part. This 
 affair is easily explained. We shall be much amused at 
 our aunt's. Is your master up yet? Were you much 
 amused in the country? We a^e contented with little, but 
 you are never contented. The doctor's brother is called 
 Joseph. My cousin's wife is called Louisa. What are 
 you called, sir ? I am called Peter. The Empress of the 
 French is called Eugenia. I am very glad to find you in 
 good health. How is your little sister ? She is pretty 
 well, as usual. I am very glad of it. The festival of St. 
 Peter is celebrated every year. We shall be very glad to 
 give you proofs of our friendship. The ox, the cow, and 
 the horse are fed with hay and grass. 
 
 77. 
 
 REM. In English the same verb is sometimes active and some- 
 times neuter. In the sentence he changes money, the verb change 
 is used actively ; but in the sentence the weather changes, the 
 verb change is neuter. Now in this last case the verb in Italian 
 would be put reflectively, thus il tempo si cangia, literally, 
 the weather changes itself. More usually, however, when an active 
 or neuter verb is used reflectively, some modification in meaning 
 arises, as in the following instances : 
 
 Trastnllare, to amuse. Trastullarsi, to play. 
 
 Informare, to inform. Inforniarsi, to inquire. 
 
 Dissipare, to scatter. Dissiparsi, to be a squanderer. 
 
 Scordare, to jar. Scordarsi, to forge-'. 
 
 Ricordare, to remind. Ricordarsi, to recollect, to call to mind. 
 
 Accomodure, to agree. Accomodarsi, to sit down. 
 
 Maritare, to marry. Maritarsi, to get married. 
 
 Levare, to lift. Levarsi, 1 . 
 
 A , / J . ,, - . > to rise, to net up. 
 
 Alzare, to raise. Alzarsi J 
 
 Coricare, to lie. Coricarsi, to lie down, to go to bed. 
 
 A reflective verb may in this way have several English equiva- 
 lents ; thus, rallegrarsi, when put actively, means to enjoy one's 
 self; put passively, it menns to be glad ; and, when used as a 
 neuter verb, it means to rejoice.
 
 72 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTTRBE. 
 
 Rallegrarsi Ai, to rejoice at ; come! (interj.) what ! ben tempo 
 (adv.), high time ; oggi di, the present day, modern times ; fara, it 
 will be; vdglia, it is going ; partecipare, to acquaint with; cessare, 
 to cease ;ra.itopp e d.re,to patch; nuova (/.), news,- pasta (/.), paste, 
 made of flour ; fangoso, muddy ; consdrte (.), a husband; alba 
 (/.), day-break. 
 
 A che ora vi levate voi ? lo mi levo ogni giorno alle 
 sette di mattina. A che ora vi siete levate questa mattina ? 
 To e tnia sorella ci siamo levate oggi all' alba, ma mio 
 fratello s' e levato tardi. Dopo levate, ci laviamo sempre. 
 A che ora si leva tuo cugino ? Egli non ha vergogna di 
 levarsi ogni giorno molto tardi. Mio padre e mia madre 
 si sono alzati oggi alle sette. A che ora ti corichi tu? 
 lo mi corico alle dieci, e mio fratello si corica alle undici. 
 Tu ti corichi certamente a buon' ora. Noi ci siamo 
 coricati jeri assai tardi, erano gia le undici e mezzo. 
 Come ! siete ancora in letto, e ben tempo d' alzarsi. I 
 ragazzi e le ragazze si trastulleranno nel giardmo. Oggi 
 le mie sorelle non avranno il tempo di trastullarsi con voi. 
 Mio figlio si rallegra d' avere un buon maestro. Ralle- 
 grati Pietro, tu riceverai un bel regalo. Quest' il vostro 
 vecchio abito, non ve ne ricordate ? 
 
 78. 
 
 Guardarsi, to take care ; spicciarsi, to make haste ; fermarsi, to 
 stop; in punto, exactly, precisely ; appena (adv.), scarcely; ru- 
 mdre (wi ), a noise, disturbance; tosto (adv.), soon, immediately ; 
 traduzione (/), a translation; vermicelli (m. plu.), vermicelli; 
 Frederfgo, Frederick; corretto, corrected, cured; triviamento 
 (m.), a frivolity. 
 
 Make haste. Take care. Stop. Call your happy days 
 to mind ! At what hour do you get up ? I get up every 
 day at six. My brothers will get up early to-morrow. 
 At what hour do they get up generally ? They generally 
 get up at seven. Get up, Charles! it is now past seven. 
 At what hour do you go to bed P We go to bed every 
 night between nine and ten. My mother goes to bed pre- 
 cisely at nine. My father goes to bed later, because he 
 has a good deal to write. At what hour does your grand-
 
 SECOND ITALIAN COUKSE. 73 
 
 father go to bed P He goes to bed every night at ten. 
 The clouds are dispersing by degrees. Little Eugenia will 
 not go to bed now. I am going to bed immediately ; leave 
 the light. We had scarcely lain down, when we heard a 
 disturbance in the streets. Would you go to bed before 
 nine, if you were not tired P No, I would not go to bed 
 so soon. Do you recollect your promise P No ; what was 
 it ? It is very likely that the strangers have called to 
 mind our benefits. My little brother was playing in the 
 garden, whilst I was learning my lesson in my room. 
 
 79. 
 
 Credersi, to think. Dimenticarsi, to forget. 
 
 Pentirsi, to repent. Incontrarsi in, to meet, 
 
 Ritirarsi, to retire. Arrischiarsi, to venture. 
 
 Cangiarsij to change. Servfrsi, to use, to make use of. 
 
 Svegliarsi, to awake. Maravigliarsi, to wonder. 
 
 Vantarsi, to boast. Rasserenarsi, 1 . , 
 
 Calmarsi, to appease. Risehiararsi, J 
 
 Rialzarsi, to yet up again. Annuvolarsi, to get overcast. 
 
 Mitigarsi, to get mild. Immaginarsi, to fancy. 
 Avvicinarsi, to go nearer, to approach^ 
 
 II cielo si tutto annuvolato. II tempo si mitighera 
 certamente. Gik il vento si calma, credo che avremo 
 bel tempo. Le nuvole si dissipano a poco a poco, il 
 tempo si rischiara. II tempo si cangia ad ogni momen- 
 to. Gli uomini cangiano come il tempo. Vi pentirete 
 d'aver promesso loro il libro ? Ogni anno mia madre 
 M crede d'averne uno di meno. L'anno passato io m' 
 incontrai con tuo fratello a Parigi. I ragazzi non si arri- 
 schiarno di parlare dinanzi al padre. Non dimenticatevi 
 di svegliarmi domattina alle sei. II generale si maravi- 
 gli6, vedendo suo nipote ritornar cos! presto. I fanciulli 
 s'immaginarono di poter cantare nascostamente. Un 
 cavallo e caduto, e tutto intrigato ne' fornimenti, non 
 pu6 rialzarsi. Buona sera, Signora, godo in vederla, 
 p'accomodi. La prego. Gli scolari si serviranno dei 
 nostri libri. Si servano, Signore, della mia carrozza. 
 Gli uccelli si avvicinarono per beccolare i grani nella tela 
 
 H
 
 74 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUKSE. 
 
 di Zeusi. L'armata republicana si ritirava sconfitta in- 
 nanzi all' esercito nemico vincitore. 
 
 80. 
 
 Ingannarsi, to err. Divertirsi, to take a little pleasure. 
 
 Vendersi. to sell. Raccornaudarsi, to rely upon. 
 
 Affrettarsi, to hasten. Lagnarsi di, to complain about. 
 
 Squagliarsi, to melt. Addormentarsi, to fall asleep. 
 
 Shall the children play in the garden P I should take a 
 little pleasure if I had time. The actress broke down last 
 night in her part. Sit down on the sofa, sir. The weather 
 has got mild. The wind is already going down. The weather 
 is clearing up by degrees. You are trembling with cold, go 
 nearer the fire. Winter is approaching. The weather 
 threatens rain, a tempest is rising. The snow is melting, 
 I think we shall have fine weather. To rejoice at the 
 fortune of others is a proof of a good heart. What gram- 
 mar do you use to learn French? I use my cousin's 
 grammar. Why do you not use an umbrella in this rain ? 
 Because I have none. Mary makes use of my umbrella 
 sometimes, otherwise I would have it now. These goods 
 sell well. I rely upon your goodness. The masters 
 complained about you last Thursday. The gardener has- 
 tened to bring us the melons, the salad, the pumpkins, and 
 the cucumbers that we had bought. If I do not fall 
 asleep immediately, I shall smoke a cigar. 
 
 HEM. Capital letters are generally used as in English. In 
 Italian, however, the pronoun io, and adjectives derived from names 
 of countries, as French, English, are not written with capitals ; 
 whilst on the other hand, the word Siynore has always a capital 
 initial, as have also usually the words Papa, Imperatore, Maesta, 
 Eminenza. Some writers likewise give capitals to the words re, 
 duca, marchese, and similar names of titles, but as regards these 
 last, the usage is in a great lueasure optional.
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 75 
 
 THE IMPERSONAL VERBS. 
 The Impersonal Verbs are only used in the third per- 
 son singular or plural. These Verbs have generally the 
 particle it for subject in English, but in Italian they have 
 no personal pronoun expressed. 
 Pidvere, to rain. Piovigginare, to drizzle. 
 
 Nevicare, to snow. Gelare, Iff 
 
 Grandinare, to hail. Ghiacciare, j ' 
 
 Tonare, 1 ... . Scelare. 
 
 a, , > to thunder. TV i- I * ..i 
 
 Tuonare, J Digelare, > to thaw. 
 
 Balenare, 1 . ,. , , Didiacciare, J 
 Lampeggiare, j 9 * Dilnviare, to pour with rain. 
 
 REM. These impersonals are conjugated like other verbs of 
 similar terminations, but only in the third person, thus 
 
 Nevica, it snows. 
 
 Nevicava, 1. ,, W0|prf . 
 
 Nevico, j 
 
 Nevichera, it will snow. 
 
 and so on through the other tenses. Pi6vere, however, makes 
 Past Def. piovve (See list of irregulars.) 
 
 Che tempo fa? Nevica a furia. Vedete come gran- 
 dina ! Le mattinate e le serate sono gia molto fresche. 
 Guardi ! come nevica a gran fiocchi. Ha nevicato tutto 
 il giorno. Vorrei che non nevicasse piti. Ha ghiacciato 
 molto. Dimani avremo un gelo molto forte. Didiaccia 
 al sole, ma all' ombra gela di nuovo. Avremo presto 
 un temporale, gia lampeggia e tuona. Lampeggi6 anche 
 jer sera, ed il lampo colpl quell' alto albero. Piove an- 
 cora a diluvio. II lampo ha spaventato molto i fanciulli. 
 E possibile che abbia gik gelato ? Comincia gia a sge- 
 lare. Sgelevk di pih al sole, ma all' ombra ghiaccia gia 
 di nuovo. Quest' inverno non ha nevicato molto. Questa 
 notte ha tuonato. D'estate lampeggia spesso. Jer sera 
 ha diluviato. In questo mese ha tempestato piti volte. 
 II tempo si e" mitigato, didiaccera. Piove adesso a ciel 
 dirotto. . Quando sono ritornato, piovigginava. Jeri 
 piovve pill di due ore. Fa notte piovera a momenti.
 
 76 AHK'S SECOND ITALIAN COFKSE. 
 
 La grandine ha fatto molto danno ai carnpi ed agli 
 alberi. 
 
 82. 
 
 Fortemente (adv.), heavily; rovescio (.), a shower; bardme- 
 tro (m.), a barometer ; cagionare, to occasion, to cause; costume 
 (w.), habit; dia, give; faremo, we shall do; vegliare, to sit up, 
 to be awake ; potro, I will not be able ; bollare, to brand, to scar ; 
 forse, perhaps; rassegna (/.), a review ; d'oggi innanzi (adv.), 
 from this time on, henceforward ; siccome (adv.), as ; manica (_/.), 
 a sleeve. 
 
 What sort of weather is it? It rains heavily. It has 
 snowed a great deal this winter. It snows now at every 
 instant. It will probably snow all day. It froze last 
 night, and it freezes still. It has hailed in the country. 
 It has thundered a good deal this week. See, how it 
 lightens ! It begins to rain. Does it rain still ? It is 
 pouring with rain now. It is only a shower. It rains 
 still in heavy showers. It lightened last night. It thun- 
 dered also. The flashes of lightning frighten me. Where 
 were you at the time it thundered ? I was at home. It 
 has hailed a good deal. I am afraid the hail has occa- 
 sioned some damage to the fruit. It rained all day to- 
 day. It has also rained all night. We shall have many 
 cold mornings by-and-bye. It will probably freeze to- 
 night. Nothing more likely. It does not hail now. The 
 Emperor and the Empress of France stayed nearly a 
 month in London. I was much amused in the country. 
 How do your friends amuse themselves now P There is a 
 handsome pipe, do you smoke P Yes, but it is a bad 
 habit ; I must (a) give it up one of these days, (b) 
 
 (a) Must in this sentence will best be rendered by the future of 
 bisoynare. (b) One of these days may be rendered by fra alcuui 
 ffiorni or fra poco. 
 
 83. 
 
 Parere, to seem, to appear. 
 
 RKM. Parere is an irregular verb (see list at end of Course}* 
 and admits of being conjugated impersonally with the dative pro- 
 iiouns, thus : 
 
 Mi pare, It seems to me, \. e. / think. 
 
 Ti pare, It seems to Ihee, Thou thinkest*
 
 AHN 8 SECOND ITALIAN COUKSK. / 7 
 
 Gli pare, , It seems to him, He thinks. 
 
 Le pare, // seems to her, She thinks 
 
 Ci pare, It seems to us, We think. 
 
 Vi pare, It seems to you, You think. 
 
 Pare loro, ~i T . 
 
 Pare a loro, } seems ' T y '**"* 
 
 And so through the third persons singular and plural of all the 
 
 tenses. 
 
 Pare che voglia gelare. Che le pareva di quell' 
 affare, Signore ? Ecco il mio nuovo cappello, che ve ne 
 pare ? Le pare che questa storia sia vera ? Che gliene 
 pare, Signore ? A me pare, che sia impossibile. Queste 
 camere ci pajono un poco troppo piccole. Mi pare v che 
 le maniche di questo vestito sian troppo larghe. E la 
 moda d' oggi di. Pare che sieno cento anni ch' io non 
 1'abbia veduto. Mi pare che vi avvezziate voi stesso ai 
 cattivi costumi. Jeri ha fatto caldo, oggi fara ancor caldo, 
 ma pare che voglia cessare di piovere. II mio vicino ha 
 castigate suo figlio perche fu molto disubbidiente. Noi 
 abbiamo partecipato a tuo padre una buona nuova. Ho 
 fame datemi da mangiare. Comanda Ella zuppa di riso, 
 o di pasta ? Ha Giulia rattopato il suo grembale ? 
 Caro Babbo, guardi se la mia traduzione e" fatta bene. 
 Mi pare che questo cammino sia un poco fangoso. Si 
 rimiri nello specchio, Signore, Le pare che i capelli siano 
 tagliati a piacerSuo? 
 
 84. 
 
 Intreccio (w.), intrigue; sinfonfa (f.), symphony, the light music 
 of an opera ; possedere, to possess ; repertdrio (m.), repertory ; 
 contare, to count; invitare, to invite; raccomandare, to recom- 
 mend; 1'uno e 1'altro, both; congedare, to dismiss ; sfregio (.), 
 a scar ; a traverse (prep.), across ; rnaccherdni (m. plu.), macche- 
 roni ; state, stand, be, rest ; sicuro, assured. 
 
 I think it is going to snow. Do you think it is going to 
 rain? Were you at the theatre last night P .Yes, sir. 
 What do you think of the opera ? The material was bad, 
 but the symphony was good. It appears that the company 
 possess a good repertory. Here a"e the cucumbers : what 
 
 H 3
 
 78 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 do you think of them, Miss ? I shall stay at Lome this 
 afternoon. We are hungry : we shall eat something now. 
 Why have you not shown your drawings to the master ? 
 Have you counted this money correctly ? We have scolded 
 your brother because he has not learnt his lesson correctly. 
 Should we not invite your friend to supper P My nephews 
 accompanied their father as far as Genoa. Have you as- 
 sisted the poor clergyman P The general has recommended 
 his son to us. We have dismissed our servant : he was 
 too careless. Have you dismissed the cookmaid or the 
 chambermaid ? Yes : I have dismissed both. John, leave 
 the light, and stay a little; I have something to say to 
 you. It seems to us a hundred years since we have had 
 the pleasure of seeing you. 
 
 85. 
 
 PiaceVe, to please, to be pleased, to like. 
 Dispiacere, to displease, to be sorry, to dislike. 
 Piacere piu, to prefer ; piacere il piu, to like best. 
 Piacere bene, to be partial to. 
 
 REM. Piacere, and consequently its compound dispiacere, is an 
 irregular verb (see List). Like parere and many other verbs, pia- 
 cere is susceptible of assuming the dative pronouns, when used 
 impersonally, thus 
 
 Mi piace, II pleases to me, J please or am pleased. 
 
 Ti piace, It pleases to thee, Thou pleasest or art pleased. 
 
 Gli piace, It pleases to him, He pleases or is pleased. 
 
 Le piace, It pleases to her, She pleases or is pleased. 
 
 Ci piace, It pleases to us, We please or are pleased. 
 
 Vi piace, // phases to you, You please or are pleased. 
 
 lac >ro, I j^ pi easeg f them, They please or are pleased. 
 
 And so through the third persons of all the tenses of both piacere 
 and dispiacere. 
 
 Mi piace moltissimo questo cetriuolo. Piacciono loro 
 le frutta? Se Le piace, mi diaun pezzetto di mellone. Se 
 piace a Lor, Signore. andremo un poco a spasso. Noi 
 faremo tutto quello che Le piace. Le piace rebbe forse di 
 vegliare meco alcune ore ? Con molto piacere. Che 
 zuppa Le piace il piii ? Le piacciono piu i vermicelli od
 
 AHN 8 SECOND ITAIIAN COUBSK. 7Q 
 
 i tnaccheroni ? Mi dispiace che piova, poiche" non potro 
 sortire. Mi dispiace moltissimo di non esser stato a casa 
 questa mattina. Mi dispiacque di non aver trovato Suo 
 fratello a casa. Vi dispiace di far questo lavoro? Frederi^o 
 Secondo, re di Prussia, vedendo alia rassegna un soldatu 
 che aveva un largo sfregio a traverse la faccia : " In 
 qual osteria, diss' egli sei tu stato cosi ben boilato :" 
 " Sire, rispose il soldato, in un' osteria, dove avete voi 
 stesso pagato lo scotto, a Kolin." Piacque al re la 
 risposta, benche un po' agretta per lui, perche appunto 
 a Kolin egli era stato ben battuto dagli Austriaci, fece un 
 regalo al soldato. 
 
 86. 
 
 Grasso, fat ; troppo cotto, overdone ; traversare, to cross ; po- 
 tere (w.), power; veruno, no; profitto (m.), profit ; fare una visita, 
 to pay a visit; alquauto, somewhat, some; Castiglia (/.), Castile; 
 pari, equal; menomo, least; consistere, to consist ; finalmente, at 
 last ; turto (.), wrong, error. 
 
 HEM. Piucere and dispiacere take di before another verb in 
 the infinitive, but in some constructions the preposition is dropped. 
 (See Examples in preceding Exercise.) 
 
 Do you like vermicelli ? I like the maccheroni very 
 much. How do you like this pie ? Are you partial to fat 
 meat ? No, I am not. I do not like meat overdone. Give 
 me some of these peaches, if you please. Which wine do 
 you like beat ? Do you prefer red or white ? Your brother 
 liked our fruit very much. Ladies, how do you like the 
 environs of this town ? Here are ten yards of the cloth 
 you like so much. Would you like to cross that field F I 
 ana sorry that that is not in my power. We are sorry that 
 you have had no profit from that affair. I came yesterday 
 to pay you a visit. I am sorry that I was not at home. 
 I was sorry too, not to have found you. Who has been 
 here ? Your cousin has been here : he is waiting now at 
 the door. Wait an instant longer. I shall not wait any 
 longer. Why will you not wait any longer ? Because I 
 Lave waited more than an hour already.
 
 80 A HITS SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 87. 
 Bisognare, to be obliged. 
 
 REM. Like other verbs, bisogndre, when used impersonally, 
 admits the dative pronouns, thus 
 
 Mi bisogna, It is necessary for me ; I must, should, ought. 
 Tibisogna, It is necessary for thee ; {***,* ^""^ 
 
 Gli bisogna, It is necessary for him; He must, should, ought. 
 Le bisogna, It is necessary for her ; She must, should, ought. 
 Ci bisogna, It is necessary for us ; We must, should, ought. 
 
 Vi bisogna, It is necessary for you ; You must, should, ought. 
 
 Bisosnia loro, 1 T . . , _,, 
 
 Bisounaa loro J l * necessary 'for -them ; They must, should, ought. 
 
 Bisogna stands also for have to, as mi bisogna an dare, I have 
 to go ; and so through all the third persons of bisognare. 
 
 Bisogna pensare sempre agli affari. Bisogna che 
 paghiate il vostro calzolajo. Bisognera che non ritardiate 
 molto a riportarmi i panni. Bisognava che le Signore 
 parlassero Italiano. Bisogna che t' avvezzi presto alle 
 belle maniere, mia figlia. Bisognera che questi ragazzi 
 comprino del calamaj, dei regoli, e delle stecche. Bi- 
 sogna ch' il maestro compri dei quadernetti, delle penne 
 <T acciajo e della carta suga pelle ragazze. E caduta 
 una valanga, bisognera aspettare che le strade sieno 
 sgombrate. Filippo Secondo, re di Spagna, mand6 il 
 giovane Contestabile di Castiglia a Roma per compli- 
 mentare Sisto Quinto alia sua assunzione al papato. II 
 Pontefice di natura sua alquanto ambizioso, trovossi 
 offeso, ch' il re gli avesse spedito un ambasciador cosl 
 giovane ; e, senza il menomo riguardo, gli dimando 
 " Non aveva il vostro padrone degli uomini a mandarmi 
 senza spedirmi un ambasciador senza barba ? A cui 
 prontamento replicb 1'altro " Se il mio Sovrano avesse 
 pensato che il merito consistesse nella barba, egli vi 
 avrebbe mandate- un becco, e non un gentiluomo mio 
 pan."
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 81 
 
 88. 
 
 Onesto, honest ; impedfre, to prevent / ricetta (/.), a prescrip- 
 tion; riscaldare, to heat; molle, soft; maneggiire. to handle; 
 leggiermente, ffently ; ereditare, to inherit ; in avvenire (adv ), for 
 thejuture; breve, short; iiidigenza (/.), indigence; felicita (/.), 
 happiness. 
 
 REM. When used indefinitely, bisogna and other imper- 
 sonals are followed by an infinitive, as bisogna andare, it is 
 necessary to yo, which phrase may also imply /, you, or we must 
 go. But, when it is desirable to be more explicit, these verbs are 
 put with che, and a subjunctive, as bisogna CHE io VADA, / must go. 
 
 We must always be honest and industrious. You must 
 soon accustom the children to work. What must I do to 
 prevent this misfortune P Asleep or awake, I must speak 
 to your master. We must pay the baker to-morroM r . You 
 must send this prescription to the apothecary. It is very 
 cold : we must heat the roum. The horse has fallen : we 
 must cut the harness. This pen is too soft. You must 
 handle it gently. Let us smoke a pipe of this tobacco 
 together. I do not smoke tobacco. Why do you not 
 smoke tobacco P Shall you stay at home to-day P Yes, 
 I shall stay in my room all day. Have you tried the 
 cucumber yet ? ]N o, but I have eaten a bit of the melon. 
 My mother is ill : I must call the doctor. We have inhe- 
 rited nothing from our relalions. 1 hope for the future 
 you will be more active. We hope you will not forget 
 your duty. He who hopes in God will never be unhappy. 
 In England we must always carry an umbrella for fear of 
 the rain. We must buy some copy books, some steel pens, 
 a ruler, and two paper-knives. 
 
 89. 
 
 Sembrare, to seem. Sembra, it seemt. 
 
 Bastare, to be sufficient. Basta, it is enough, 
 
 Avvenire, "1 . Avviene, " 
 
 Accadere, } to ^"- Accade, 
 
 Convenire, to agree. Conviene it becomes. 
 
 Importare, ,. import.
 
 82 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 Toccare, to touch. \ J occa ' 
 
 I locca a, if, H /or. 
 
 Desiderare, #o desire. Desidera, it in to be desired. 
 
 E da desiderare, it is to be hoped. 
 Mi viene in mente, it occurs to me, it strikes me. 
 
 Tocca a mio fratello di pagare il beccajo. Non tocca 
 a te di partire. Tocca a Lei di venire da noi. Toccava 
 a me di scrivere al generale. Tocchera a voi la settimana 
 prossima di visitare il nostro vicino. Che v* importa 
 quell' affare ? Importa molto che abbiamo la stima degli 
 onesti. Basta fare il suo dovere ? Non basta d' amare 
 la virtu, bisogna praticarla. Le bastano quelle albicocche ? 
 Si, mi ano bastano. Sembra che abbia didiacciato questa 
 notte. Convien aver buoni costumi e le migliori inten- 
 zioni. Come avviene che tu non abbia imparato niente ? 
 Un elegante giovinotto, starico della vita dissipata che 
 avea menata lungamente, si marito. All' uscir dalla 
 chiesa la novella sua sposa gli disse : " Mio caro con- 
 sorte, vi credo interamente corretto di tutti i passati 
 vostri triviainenti e speroche d' oggi innanzi sarete sempre 
 saggio, siccome si conviene a buon marito" " Si, mia 
 cara, le rispose lo sposo, state per sicura che saro sempre 
 saggio in av venire : questa e la mia ultima foilia, e non 
 ne far6 mai piu. 
 
 90. 
 
 Giusto, just, right ; fanno, they do; aprire, to open; aperto, 
 opened; ricondbbe, he recognised; richiudendo, shutting ayain ; 
 Eccellenza (/.), excellency; alldro (m.) a laurel; dazio (m.), 
 duty, toll; prinio, first, principal; marina (/.), the sea coast; 
 dilettevole, delightful; barriera (/".), a barrier. 
 
 The water is cold, sir. It does not signify. It is of 
 importance that you employ your time well. Are these 
 walnuts sufficient for you ? Yes, there are enough of 
 them. It becomes us to be just. It often happens that 
 it freezes in the morning and thaws in the evening. It 
 behoves you to visit the sick person. It is not for me to 
 speak here. It occurs to me that I have forgotten uiy
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTJBSE. 83 
 
 umbrella at the shoemaker's. It struck me that the doctor 
 had been in France. Frederick is learning his lesson just 
 new. Does he learn his lesson with pleasure P What is 
 he learning ? He is learning the French language, and his 
 sister is learning Italian. Why have you not learnt your 
 lesson better? Excuse me, I have learnt my lesson well. 
 Are you learning to dance P Joseph, lend me your paper- 
 knife a moment. We have lent our copy-books to the sons 
 of the poor operative who lives in our neighbour's house. 
 That girl will sing a beautiful song, she sings very well. 
 Send this bread to the family that lives in the hut. Shall 
 we send these melons to our grandfather ? 
 
 91. 
 
 Sovviene, it occurs. Mi sovviene, I call to mind. 
 
 Incresce, it regrets. M' incresce, I regret. 
 
 Rincresce, it vexes. Mi rincresce, / am sorry. 
 
 Occ<5rre, it is necessary. Mi occorre, / want. 
 
 Duole, it aches, it grieves. Mi dudie (la testa), my (head) aches. 
 
 REM.^DMO/C is the third person singular of the irregular verb 
 dolersi, the forms of which are given in List at end of Course. 
 
 Come sta il marchese t Non ista sta bene questa sera. 
 Me ne rincresce molto. Trovai grazioso un piccolo cane 
 inglese che or m' incresce di non aver comprato. Riu- 
 cresce a mio fratello, che la Sua visita sia stata cosi breve. 
 Mi rincresce molto che abbiate perduto il vostro oriuolo. 
 Oggi mi duole un poco la testa. Questa mattina mi 
 dolgono i denti. Dolse molto al mio condiscepolo d' aver 
 trovato il suo ainico nell' indigenza. Mi occorre del 
 presciutto e del buon buttiro. Non ti occorre un pajo 
 di stivali ? Ci occorre del te o dello zucchero ? Ora ti 
 sovviene di non aver fatto il tuo dovere ? Non bisogna 
 cercare la felicita nei piaceri. Le rincresce di non esser 
 partito per Parigi ? Noi abbiamo provato nel bisogno 1' 
 amicizia del nostro corrispondente. Molti uomini fanno 
 male e poi ne dispiace loro. Accade spesso ch' il buono 
 non 6 premiato. Desidera che cio non aceada piu. Mi
 
 84 
 
 AHN 8 SKCOND ITALIAN COUKSK. 
 
 viene in mente che Carlo e ancora nel parco. Mi e 
 venuto in mente che dimenticai jeri i vostri libri. 
 
 92. 
 
 Lungi (adv.), far, a good way, distance; nazionale, national i 
 pezza (/.), apiece; roba (/.), a robe, dress ; grazidso, charming ; 
 imparkre a mente, to commit to memory i eppiire (COHJ.), and yet; 
 inteso, heard; sollazzo, (w.), pleasure ; vicinaur.a (./"), neighbour- 
 hood; fatto fiasco, broken down; fece fermar, stopped; S. Dio- 
 nigi (w.), St. Denis. 
 
 How is your sister ? She is not very well this morning. 
 I am very sorry for that. I am sorry also not to have 
 seen your nephew. My head aches very much to-day. I 
 want a dozen of silver spoons, also some forks and knives. 
 Do you not want a few oysters P We want some vinegar 
 and some oil. Do you want any cucumbers or melons ? 
 My cousin wants a pair of gloves and a white hat. Shall 
 you not want my advice. Do you often dance ? Yes, we 
 dance an hour everyday. Where are you living now? 
 We are living now in town. W T here is the general living ? 
 He is living a good way from town. Learn your lesson 
 immediately. Shall we take the cloth now to the tailor's ? 
 Does your friend sing P Yes, he has sung twice at our 
 national theatre. I want a piece of fine linen. The cloth 
 that I have bought is too coarse. You have bought these 
 ribbons very cheap. My sister has paid too much for her 
 dress. I found the little Italian song so charming, that I 
 regret now not having committed it to memory. 
 
 93. 
 
 Si dice, one says, they say, it is said, I am told. 
 
 Si disse, one said, they said, it teas said, I was told*. 
 
 Si crede, one thinks, they think, it is thought. 
 
 S'intende, one understands, it .v understood. 
 
 Si picchia, one knocks, somebody is knocking* 
 
 Si parla, one speaks, it is spoken of. 
 
 Si deve, one must, one uughi, one should. 
 
 Si trova, onejinds, there is to be found. 
 
 Si vede, one sees, there is to be seen.
 
 Arm's SICCOND ITALIAX COURSE. 85 
 
 HEM. The compound tenses of the impersonate, like those of 
 the reiiectives, are formed with essere, as me n' stato parlato, 
 / HAVE been spoken to about the matter. The particle si usually 
 stands before ; but whenever the sound admits, may be placed 
 after the verb, as credesi for si crede. 
 
 Che si dice di nuovo ? Si dice ch' il primo attore 
 ha fatto fiasco. Credesi che la marina da Reggio a 
 Gaeta sia quasi la piil dilettevole parte d' Italia. Mi si 
 disse che 1 artista non c 1 era stato. Dappertutto si parla 
 di quell' affare, eppur non e vero. S'intende da se stesso 
 che bisogna sempre fare il suo dovere. Nei deserti dell' 
 Africa si trovano molti animali rapaci. Dappertutto si 
 vedono soldati. Ho inteso dire, che in Napoli si parla 
 molto male Italiano. In Firenze non si parla la. lingua 
 bene ? Si, ma in Siena si parla ancor meglio. Picchia- 
 no, andate ad aprir 1'uscio. Si dice che la Signonua 
 Beppo si maritera fra poco. II maresciallo di Sassonia, 
 al suo ritorno da una partita di sollazzo fatta nelle vici- 
 nanze di Parigi, feee fermar la carrozza alia barriera di 
 S. Dionigi per dar tempo agl' impiegati della Dogana di 
 far la visita. Uno di questi aperta la portiera, lo rico- 
 nobbe e richiudendola subito, disse al maresciallo : 
 " Scusate, Eccellenza, gli allori nori pagano dazio." 
 
 94. 
 
 Chiaramente (adv.), clearly ; adempire a, to fulfil ; meno 
 (adv.), fewer; ermelliiio (*.), an ermine; soVcio (w.), a rat; 
 pazzo. mad, a fool; prezzo (m.), price; fisso, fix^d ; paziente, 
 vatient ; impazienza, impatience; tristezza, grief; levare, to lift 
 up ; vediita (/.), view, prospect ; Agosto (m.), August. 
 
 One ought to speak distinctly. Somebody is knocking, 
 (To (and) see who is there. It is your friend. The truth 
 is not always to be told. What is said of this affair? Ifc 
 is said that the marquis aud the marchioness will arrive 
 shortly in London It is understood that you pay lor 
 what you buy. Is it not understood that we must fulfil 
 our duties ? The dog i.s not to be found. More water is 
 to be found than wine, and fewer pearls than peas. More 
 
 I
 
 86 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTJESE. 
 
 rats are to be found than ermines, and fewer wise men 
 than fools. The general will sell his country-house for 
 twelve thousand lire. He has already sold his carriage 
 and his horse. Some merchants sell their goods at fixed 
 prices. My brothers have received the works of Metas- 
 tasio, and they are much pleased with them. The actress 
 got a beautiful bouquet last night. I am afraid my friend 
 will not come back to day, for the weather is so bad. 
 Drink water if you are thirsty. I drink a great deal of 
 water every day. Eat a little bit cf that capon, and drink 
 this glass of claret. 
 
 THE IRREGULAR VERBS. 
 
 THK irregular conjugations are inserted at the end of 
 the Course. 
 
 95. 
 
 Pendere, to render, to give back. Scendere, to go up. 
 
 Prendere, to take. Discendere, to go down, to get 
 
 Spendere, to spend. down. 
 
 Tendere, to spread. Accendere, to light. 
 
 Intendere, to understand, to hear. Rispondere, to answer, to say 
 
 Difendere, to defend. in reply. 
 
 Offendere, to offend. Nascdndere, to hide, to conceal. 
 
 Nasconde'rsi, to hide one's self. 
 
 REM. The foregoing and a great many other verbs in ere short 
 (that is accented on the antepenult), are conjugated through all 
 their tenses like credere, except the past definite and past parti- 
 ciple. These irregular forms are given in the list at the end of the 
 Course; but it will he useful for the learner to bear in mind that 
 when the past definite of a verb in ere short is irregular, three of 
 the persons of that tense are nevertheless always regular ; these 
 are the second singular, and the first and second plural. Two of 
 the other three are formed from the first singular by changing i 
 into e for the third singular, and into era for the third plural. 
 For example, the first person singular past definite of rvndere, is
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COTTBSE. 87 
 
 rest, from which the two other irregular forms are derived 
 thus : 
 
 1st pers. sing, res-i. 
 
 3rd pers. sing. res-E. 
 
 3rd pers. plu. res-ERO. 
 
 Consequently the entire tense will be, 
 
 Singular, res-i, rend-esti, res-E. 
 Plural, rend-ewmo, rend-este, res-ERO. 
 
 The first person of the irresrular tense is generally formed by 
 changing the consonants of the root into si or ssi, as rendere, 
 resi ; reggere, ressi. The participle is formed in the same way by 
 changing the root consonants into so, sso, to, or sto, as rendere, 
 reso ; reggere, redo ; but, as already stated, these irregular forms 
 will be found in their place in List at the end of Course. 
 
 Rendere conto, to render an account ; rendere grazie, to thank ; 
 reudere divotissime grazie, to thank most sincerely, 
 
 L/e rendo divotissime grazie. lo resi conto al padrone 
 di quello che ho speso. Ti ha il mercante reso il danaro ? 
 Gl' impiegati mi resero conto d'ogni cosa. L'ammalato 
 sia paziente, I'impazienza rende il male peggiore. Spesi 
 nel mio viaggio molto danaro. Hai tu inteso quello ch' 
 
 10 ti ho detto ? I miei condiscepoli difesero con calore i 
 loro amici. Difendemmo il maresciallo contro i suoi 
 nemici. Non offesi mai il generale con alcuna parola. 
 
 11 calzolajo mi offese, cio nondimeno gli perdoner6. La 
 moglie del colonello nascose la sua tristezza. Chi s' e 
 nascosto in quella camera ? La colazione ^ in tavola ; 
 scendiamo nel tinello. Che bella veduta! discendiamo. 
 Lo straniero discese di cavallo, per levare da terra la sua 
 borsa. La Signora discese di carrozza nel parco. La 
 candela e accesa. II re discese la scala. Credo che 
 avremo un temporale, perchd il barometro e" disceso. 1 
 prigionieri furono prudenti, e non risposero nulla. Per- 
 donatemi, ma voi non avete fatto bene, non avete ancora 
 risposto alia lettera del voztro amico.
 
 88 AHlfs SECOND ITALIAN COUKSE. 
 
 96. 
 
 Medicina (/.), medicine; \alorosamente (adv.), bravely; ba- 
 luardo (m.), a rampart; guarnigidne (/.), a garrison; postare, to 
 pout ; burrone (?.), a clijfF; viale (*.) a footpath ; uruiiin, 
 damp ; detunto, deceased, late; applause (/.) applause; univer- 
 sale, universal ; serm<5ne (m.), sermon ; di cuore (adv.), heartily ; 
 passo (*.), pace, rate, place. 
 
 My grandmother took medicine a long time. The girla 
 took the peaches. Who has taken iny cloak ? What 
 beautiful views ! let us take this bye-road. These old 
 women take snuff every instant. You will render an 
 account of your conduct. I rendered an account of what 
 I spent, i I have spent a deal of money to-day. Do you 
 understand Italian P The Frenchmen defended themselves 
 bravely. My cousin never offended his schoolfellows. 
 The butcher has offended the baker. I shall defend my 
 neighbour against his enemies. My cousins gave back the 
 books to me yesterday. Joseph hid his sister's drawings 
 in the case. My master is going down stairs. I dis- 
 mounted in the park to speak to my friend. I spoke to the 
 marquis, but he said nothing to me in reply. Have you 
 replied to the merchant's letter yet P We thank you most 
 sincerely for your goodness. A nation will not defend its 
 liberties by ramparts and garrisons. Take a company of 
 grenadiers with you, and post yourself at that cliff. This 
 grass is too damp, let us take the foot-path. 
 
 97. 
 
 Vfncere, to gain, to win, to Cre>cere to increase, to lengthen, 
 
 conquer, to vanquish, to (/row. 
 
 Nascere, to be born, to arise. Chitidere, to shut, to shut np. 
 Con5scere, to know. Mdrdere, to bite. 
 
 Ricondscere, to recoymze. 
 
 RGM. Verbs in cere take t before some of the tense termina- 
 tions beginning with o or a, to preserve the liquid sound of c. 
 (See list of irregulars.) 
 
 lo riconol bi il mio amico alia voce. La Signorina 
 vinse piu di died Luigi. Conosce que^ti Signoii ? Si,
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN CODESE. 89 
 
 li conosco inoito bene. I giorni crescono, 1'inverno 
 sara ben tosto passato. Dalla tua cattiva condotta, 
 nacque molto male. Conosceste il Signer Beppo ? Si, 
 lo conoscemmo molto bene. lo conobbi quell' artista 
 gia in Roma. II marchese riconobbe finalmente il suo 
 torto. II vostro fratello non mi ha riconosciuto subito, 
 perch e non son piil lo stesso. Gli stranieri mi riconob- 
 bero tosto. La di Lei figlia e cresciuta molto da un' 
 anno. Ov' e Ella nata? Sono nata a Roma. lo 
 nacqui nel mese d'Aprile, e le mie sorelle nacquero tutte 
 e due nel mese d' Agosto. II mio defunto zio nacque 
 nel mille sette cento ottanta nove. 11 cane del beccajo 
 niorde, esso morse jeri il mio piccolo fratello. Quel 
 cane e molto cattivo, ha morso anche me. Chiudete la 
 porta, di grazia, fa gran freddo. La serva chiuse tutt' i 
 vostri panni. 
 
 98. 
 
 Decembre (w.), December ; avere (m.), property ; denso, 
 thi^k ; taluno, some one; ordine (m.), order; amaro, bitter; 
 rotondo, round; scatola (/.), a box; malvagita (/), a wicked- 
 ness, crime; carciofo (m ), an artichoke; infreddatura (/.), a 
 cold; solitiidine (/.), solitude, privacy ; perche, as, so that. 
 
 REM. The Italians say " where ore you born ?" not " where 
 were you born ?" and so in similar locutions, the present is used 
 for the corresponding past tense. 
 
 The nights are lengthening, we shall soon have winter. 
 Did you know my cousin? Yes, I knew him very well. 
 We knew the General before in France. Do you know 
 that clergyman? No, I have not the honour to know 
 him. Your brother soon recognised me. These flowers 
 do not grow well here. Were you born in Italy ? No, I 
 was born in Germany. I was born on the eighth of De- 
 cember, eighteen hundred and twelve. The late king was 
 born in 1773. I won five pounds yesterday at cards. 
 General Havelock bravely conquered all his enemies. 
 That little dog hites, it bit our servant yesterday. My 
 dog does not bite, it has never bitten any one yet. Do 
 
 I 3
 
 90 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 not shut the door, please, it is very hot. The servant shut 
 the door of your room. Oblige me with some thread, 
 gome si!k, some cotton, the scissors, and some pins. 
 George will start to-morrow with his friend for Sardinia. 
 I forgot my meerschaum pipe yesterday at the coffee- 
 house. Have you heard that the lightning has caused any 
 damage P No, I have not heard anything. 
 
 99. 
 
 Cudcere, to cook, to bake. Rfdere, to laugh. 
 
 Mudvere, to move. Dividere, to divide, share. 
 
 Scuotere, to waver. Chiedere, to ask, to beg. 
 
 Riscudtere, to receive. Correre, to run. 
 
 Percudtere, to beat. Percdrrere, to run over, to be over. 
 
 Nudcere, to hurt. Scdrrere, to flow. 
 
 Rdmpere, to break. Deludere, to deceive. 
 
 REM. Verbs in wo are sometimes written without the w, as 
 movere or muovere, and so through all the tenses ; more usually, 
 however, the u is dropped before o unaccented, and retained before 
 o accented, thus scnoto, scuoti^ scuote, scotidmo, scotete, scuotono. 
 
 Cuocete subito questa carne. Quel fornajo cuoce bene 
 il pane. E il manzo gia cotto. lo cossi dalla zia del 
 manzo, delle civaie e del castrate. La nostra servti cosse 
 il pranzo di jeri molto bene. La nuova commedia ri- 
 scosse 1'applauso universale. Non vi movete, di grazm. 
 Voi non avete mangiato pesce. Vi chieggo scusa, ho 
 mangiato del melone. Quella Signora rise certamente 
 di cuore. Queste ragazze hanno riso troppo. Dividia- 
 mo coi nostri amici tutto quello che abbiamo. Mio zio 
 ha diviso il suo avere fra i suoi fanciulli. Jeri le ragazze 
 ruppero tutte le tazze da caffe. Uno di voi ha rotto lo 
 specchio. Jeri corsi tutto il giorno e son gia molto 
 stance. Hai tu percorso tutto questo paese ? Quest' 
 inchiostro e troppo denso, non iscorre dalla penna. Chie- 
 dea taluno ad una fanciulla quanto anni avesse sua madre. 
 " Nol so, rispose, ma so bene, che ogni anno mia madre 
 si crede d' averne uno di meno ; in verita se andiamo di 
 questo passo, fra poco io saro piii vecchia di lei."
 
 AHN'S SKCOJTD ITALIAN COURSE. 91 
 
 100. 
 
 Sciisa (/), excuse, pardon ; spezieria (/.), the apothecary's ; 
 veda, / may see ; amararneiite, bitterly ; parecchi, several ; 
 illustre, illustrious ; famdso, celebrated ; secolui, with him ; 
 concorrenza (/)> competition; pubblico, public ; lizza (/.), ex- 
 amination ; gareggiarsi, to be contended for ; pittiira (/.), painting. 
 
 Do you cook fish every day ? No, but we cook some 
 three times a week. Our cook-maid cooked the salmon 
 very well yesterday. Why are the chickens not cooked 
 yet ? Does your baker bake his bread well ? You have 
 eaten no fruit. I beg (your) pardon, I have eaten some 
 peaches. My little sister laughed heartily yesterday. 
 That young man has laughed a great deal. Your cousin 
 shared his cherries with his school-fellows. This glass is 
 broken, who has broken it ? The servant broke it acci- 
 dentally yesterday. Has the cat broken all the tea cups ? 
 Does the ink not flow from your pen P Do not let us 
 run. Where are you running, my sou ? I am running to 
 the apothecary's, my little brother is ill. I ran over all 
 the town, but I did not find the doctor. My brother has 
 been over all Italy. Has he been long in Rome P He 
 stayed hi Rome three months. My sister has been twice 
 in Genoa and once in Milan. 
 
 101. 
 
 Erapiere, to fill. Mettere, to put. 
 
 Corapiere, to perform. Permettere, to permit. 
 
 Riempiere, to fill again. Rimettere, to put back. 
 
 Volgere, to turn. Rimettersi, to recover, to get better, 
 
 Volgersi, to turn round. Commettere, to commit. 
 
 Rivdlgere, to turn again. Vfvere, to live. 
 
 Leggere, to read. Scrivere, to write. 
 
 Reggere, to rule. Prescrivere, to prescribe. 
 
 Correggere, to correct. Afflfggersi, to be distressed. 
 
 REM. Empiere, compiere, and their compounds are conjugated 
 like credere, but they have also duplicate forms from infinitives in 
 ire. 
 
 Riempite la mia pipa di questo tabacco. Le ragazze 
 misero tutto in ordine. Chi ha messo lo specchio sul
 
 92 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 letto. 1! caffe e amaro, cl mettero ancora un pezzetto 
 di zucchero. Mettete il mio cappello bianco in quella 
 scatola rotonda. Avete messo i panni di mio padre 
 nella camera di dentro ? Lo straniero ha commesso 
 una grande malvagita. Dove hai tu messo La Gerusa- 
 lemme Liberata di Tasso ? Se permette, prendero de' 
 carciofi. Mio zio permise a mio cugino d'andare al 
 concerto col suo condiscepolo. Come va la salute, si e 
 ben rimessa dell' infreddatura ? II tempo non si rimet- 
 terk quest' oggi. Scrive bene questa piccola ragazza ? 
 Si, ella scrive assai bene. Jeri scrissi una lettera al 
 generale. II medico mi prescrisse una medicina. II 
 marchese visse sempre da uomo dabbene. Gli ecclesiastici 
 vivono in una assai aggredevole solitudine. lo ho scritto 
 piu volte al giudice, ma egli non mi ha mai risposto. 
 Perche s'affligge cosi suo fratello ? Egli s'affligge della 
 morte del suo amico. Si volti, La prego, perche veda, 
 se il vestito e ben fatto. 
 
 102. 
 
 Tnevitabile, inevitable ; lucffero (m.), a match ; fronte (/.), the 
 front ; ebbene \ (interj.) very good ! accennare, to beckon ; tirare, 
 to draw oxide; capo d' opera (/w.), a mast er- piece ; vediamo, let 
 us see; civile, civil; Vandea (/.), La Vendee; artiglierfa (/.), 
 artillery; spalla ( /!), a height; annientamento (m.}, destruction; 
 pareva, it appeared; pennello (.), a pencil. 
 
 Have you filled my glass with white wine ? Where did 
 you put my thimble ? I put it in the drawer. Who put 
 the pear in the coffee-cup P The servants put the clothes 
 in the drawer. John put the letter in the box. Shut up 
 all my papers and put the room in order. I am afraid that 
 I have committed a great folly. My father has allowed 
 me to learn to dance. Give me that book and put the 
 matches on the table. The actress has promised to play a 
 little on the piano. My little sister has not quite recovered 
 from her cold. My brothers wrote a letter yesterday for 
 the workmen. What medicine did the doctor prescribe P 
 My sisters lived many years in the couutry. We have
 
 ARN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 93 
 
 corrected your exercises ; there were a great many faults 
 in them. The general turned the front of his army again 
 to the enemy. My little sister played in the garden, wiiust 
 I was writing in my room. 
 
 103. 
 
 Tfngere, to tinge. Pingere, to paint. 
 
 Stringere, to tighten. Dipingere, to jtainl, to describe. 
 
 Spingere, to piush, to squeeze. Giungere, to art-ice. 
 
 Spegnere, to extinguish. Aggiungere, to add. 
 
 Piangere, to cry, to weep. Soggiiingere, to add, to reply. 
 Coiupiangere, to lament. 
 
 REM. Verbs ending in gere are sometimes written with the n 
 after the g, as twgere, or tignere ; yiunyere, or giugnere ; and so 
 through all their moods and lenses. 
 
 Quella povera donna pianse amaratnente sopra la sua 
 disgrazia. I fanciulli piangono amaramente la raorte del 
 loro nonno. Appena mi ehhero riconosciuto che pian- 
 sero di gioja. Siamo finalmente giunti all' albergo. 
 Zeusi famoso pittor greco aveva parecchi rivali, fra' quali 
 i piu illustri erano Timante e Parrasio. Quest ultimo 
 entio secolui in concorrenza ad una pubblica lizza ove 
 gareffgiavasi pe pel premio della pittura. Zeusi dipinta 
 avea una tela, sovra cut eran de' grappoli d' uva si ben 
 ritratti, che allora quando fu esposta al pubblico, gli 
 uccelli s* avvicinarono per beccolarne i grani. Sopra di 
 che tripudiante di giubilo, e fiero del suffraggio di giu- 
 dici si poco sospetti, sollecito Parrasio a uietter pure iu 
 vista il lavoro del suo pennello. Questi ubbidi, e pro- 
 dusse il suo quadro coperto a guisa di cortina. Ebben, 
 gli accenno Zeusi, tirate un po' quella cortina, e vedianio 
 una volta questo vostro capo d' opera. Ma quella cor- 
 tina non era che dipinta. Zeusi si confesso vinto ; perclie, 
 diss' egli, io non ho deluso che degli uccelli, e Parra.-io 
 ha ingannato me, che son pittore. 
 
 104. 
 
 Cintura (/.), a belt , arrdsto, roast, roasted; vitellino (m.\ 
 
 i 3
 
 94 AUK'S SECOND ITALIAN COTJKSE. 
 
 veal; lui (m.), a wren; forte, loud; arrestare, to detain; salvo, 
 saved; cornbattere, to fight; sommo, greatest ; bravura (/.), 
 courage ; assicurare, to secure; salvezza (/".), safety; secondare, 
 to second, to stand by. 
 
 Pray, do not push so. You tighten me too much. 
 Tighten my belt a little. The children have cried bitterly, 
 for they have been chastised. Girl, give me the oil, the 
 vinegar, and then half a dozen slices of bread with butter, 
 and add a little bit of roast veal. The wren is a little bird 
 that lives in England. My cousin has often written to me, 
 but I have never answered him. Does your little brother 
 write well ? Do you write well ? No, I do not write at 
 all now. Do not read so loud, please. Have you read 
 the Milan newspapers to-day ? No, but I have read those 
 of Turin. I am going to-bed now ; leave the light, if I do 
 not soon fall asleep, I shall read a little. Will you often 
 call to mind your father's last words ? Yes, I shall often 
 call his last words to mind. The merchant was afraid of 
 being forsaken by all his friends, when several hastened 
 to give him proofs of their affection. 
 
 REM. The prepositions require the infinitive mood after them 
 in Italian of 10 BE, not of BEING. 
 
 105. 
 
 Ridiicere, or ridurre, to reduce. 
 Condiicere, or condurre, to conduct, to take. 
 Produeere, or produrre, to produce. 
 Traducere, or tradurre, to translate. 
 
 REM. Of the foregoing verbs the infinitive ending in urre is 
 most in use both as regards writing and speaking. The other ter- 
 mination is, however, placed first, because the tenses that are not 
 irregular pi-r se are derived from it; thus, for example, the present 
 tense of ridurre is not ridurro, ridurri, ridurre, but riduco, riduci, 
 nduce, and so on. On the other hand, the future tense and con- 
 ditional mood of these verbs are irregular, that is, they are formed 
 from the infinitive in urre by changing rre into rro for the first 
 person future and into rrei for the first person conditional, but 
 these first persons take the regular tense endings, thus 
 
 Future of credere. Future of ridurre. 
 
 Creder-6. Ridurr-o. 
 
 Creder-ai. Ridurr-ai.
 
 AHN's SKCOND ITALIAN COTJRSE. 95 
 
 Future of credere. Future of ridurre. 
 
 Creder-a. Ridurr-a. 
 
 Creder-emo. Ridurr-emo. 
 
 Creder-ete. Ridurr-ete. 
 
 Creder-anno. Ridurr-anno. 
 
 And so in the case of the conditional. 
 
 Uccidere, to kill; ti farai, thou wilt get; trattenne, he kept at 
 bay ; tanto quanto, as much as, as long as, so much as, so long as ; 
 Vendeista (/w.), a Vendean ; mestieri, requisite ; seco, with himntif, 
 with. 
 
 Questo non produrra verun buon' effetto. Mio cugino 
 condurrebbe il suo amico nel parco, se avesse tempo. 
 Ha Ella gia tradotto i Suoi temi ? S\, li tradussi gia 
 jeri. Nella celebre e lunga guerra civile della Vandea, 
 1' armata republicana un giorno si ritirava sconfitta in- 
 nanzi all' esercito nemico vincitore ; perdute le artiglierie, 
 minacciata alle spalle, la totale di leidistruzione pareva 
 inevitabile. II general Kleber cbiamato a se il colonello 
 Schouardin. " Prendi teco, gli dice, una compagnia di 
 granatieri, postati a quel burrone ; arresta i nemici ; ti 
 farai uccidere co' tuoi, e 1' armata sark salva." " SI, 
 Generale," rispoiide Schouardin. E rivolta la fronte ai 
 Vandeisti, combattendo con somma bravura, tanto li 
 trattenne quant' era mestieri per assicurar la salvezza de' 
 vinti. Schouardin, come avea detto Kleber, vi peri, e 
 seco lui pen tutta la compagnia di granatieri che lo avea 
 si ben secondato. 
 
 106. 
 
 Cipro (m.}, Cyprus; squfsito, delicious; prdprio, one's own; 
 fidarsi di, to trust in; candela (/.), a candle; pozzanghera (/.), a 
 puddle; felicemente, happily ; senato (m.), a senate ; costruire. to 
 erect; fazidne, (/.), a faction; vigorosamente, vigorously; siffato, 
 such ; protetto, protected ; patata (/.) a potato. 
 
 Cyprus produces excellent and delicious wine. Where 
 are you taking that child P My cousin took his sister to
 
 96 AHN'S SECOXD ITALIAN 
 
 the theatre. I took my little brother to school yesterday. 
 To-morrow I will take the stranger to the concert. It ia 
 not right to boast of one's own good qualities. It is not 
 humane to rejoice at the misfortunes of others. When do 
 you go to bed? At present I go to bed at ten. Do you 
 trust in that fellow ? No, I do not trust in him. Whom 
 do you complain about ? All men are deceived. My 
 schoolfellows were dressing themselves, when the others 
 bogan to wash themselves. The ladies wrapt themselves 
 up in their cloaks. The general defended himself yester- 
 day against two brigands. Where did you lose your- 
 selves ? We lost ourselves in that forest. Did that man 
 praise himself? No, he did not praise himself, but we 
 praised him. I had not washed myself when the strangers 
 arrived. Julia, you have been mistaken, but your friends 
 have not been mistaken. What countries produce the 
 bust potatoes ? 
 
 HEM In some of the Italian States the English word potato, is 
 more usually rendered by patata than by porno di terra. 
 
 107. 
 
 Bevere or here, to drink. 
 
 Cdzliere or corre, to gather. 
 
 Sciogliere or sciorre, to solve, to discharge, to get out of. 
 
 Discidgliere or disciorre, to dissolve, to absolve. 
 
 Accogliere or aco6rre, to receive. 
 
 Scegliere or scerre, to select, to choose. 
 
 Togliere or torre, to take, to take away. 
 
 RBM. Both the contracted and uncontracted infinitives of these 
 verbs are in use, hut most of their tenses are formed from the 
 utiRontracted form. (See conjugation of cot/Here, List of Irregular 
 Verhs.) 
 
 I fanciulli colgono fragole nel giardino. Cogliero dei 
 fiori per inia nonna. Ne eolga anche per me. Maria 
 colse un bel mazzetto di rose. Quei mercanti tolgorio 
 danaro a prestito. La giardiniera torra sua nipote in 
 casa Danaro e bene possono esserti tolti, ma quello che 
 ha imparato giammai. Gli stranieri disciolsero la loro 
 societa. Recatemi i camedj che Giulia scelse. Per chi 
 scelgi tu queste calzette ? J^celga pure, Signore, a Suo
 
 AUD 3 SKCOND ITALIAN COCliSE. / 
 
 piacimento. Sai tu sciorre quest' tniamia ? Lucia lo 
 sciolse facilmente. II marchese si sciolse da quell' in- 
 trigo. Non avete niente da mangiare e da bevere ? Io 
 bevo sovente birra Quando avro sete che cosa bevero ? 
 Io ho bevuto tre tazze di caffe. Voi non bevete, permet- 
 tete chi vi versi di questo vino di Sciampagna. Ch' 
 egli non bea pih. Un Ambasciadore aveva rinfacciato a 
 un gran Generale d'armata 1'esser egli figlio d' un sar- 
 tore ; " Voi dite bene, soggiunse questi, io son figlio 
 di un sartore, ma sappiate che, lungi dall' arrossirne, io 
 ancora porto al fianco il passetto, con cui io voglio mi- 
 surar i vigliacchi ed i codardi." 
 
 108. 
 
 Impegno (TO.), an engagement ; pettinirsi, to comb one's self, 
 to do one's hair up ; bagniirsi, to bathe ; conservare, to prexerve , 
 disinteresse (m.). integrity ; docilita (/!), docility; guarentire, to 
 guarantee; independenza (/.), independence; schiavitu (/.), 
 slavery ; cittadella (/), a fortress ; diverrelibe, it would become ; 
 rinfacciare, to reproach ; sbozzo (m.) f a sketch. 
 
 We have gathered some forget-me-nots in uncle's gar- 
 den. The archduke absolves us from every engagement. 
 We were very well received in Paris. I chose the best 
 fruit in the market. My sister will select a pair of glo\ es 
 for your mother. I shall solve that enigma to-day. I 
 discharge yon from your promise. I always drink coffee. 
 My father drinks pure water. We have drank (drunk) 
 some wine. I shall drink a cup of coffee, and my sister 
 will drink a cup of tea. Drink this glass of beer. The 
 general wrapt himself up in his cloak. Did you wrap 
 yourself up last night in your cloak F Yes, I did. Julia 
 has not done her hair up, she has lost her comb. It is 
 not to be desired that ymi bathe ia this cold water. Is it 
 possible that you still use that old hat? Where is the old 
 basket P What newspaper have you read to-day P Which 
 of these rings is yours ? Has your friend a long nose P 
 No, but he has yellow hair, and is very fat. I fear these 
 ttraw berries are not fresh.
 
 08 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 109. 
 
 Traere or trarre, to draw, to drag. 
 Ritraere or ritrarre, to derive. 
 Ritraersi or ritrarsi, to draw bar.k. 
 Sottraere or sottrarre, to withdraw. 
 t P(5nere or porre, to put. 
 
 Ponersi or porrsi, to propose. 
 Porsi in viaggio, to travel. 
 Espdnere or esporre, to expose. 
 Opponere or opporre. > . 
 Opponersi or opporsi, } to PP se - 
 S-upponere or supporre, to suppose. 
 Proponere or proporre, to propose. 
 
 REM. Porre, trarre, and their compounds are irregular in the 
 present indicative as well as the future and conditional. The im- 
 perative and subjunctive follow the formation of the present 
 indicative, consequently when that tense is irregular the others are 
 so too. The learner may always ascertain the forms of the im- 
 perative and subjunctive, whether the verb be regular or irregular, 
 by bearing in mind that the third person singular and plural of the 
 imperative is always like the first person of the indicative, and 
 that all the other forms are invariably regular. Thus the first 
 person present indicative of porre is pongo (see list of irregulars), 
 consequently the imperative forms of porre are, 
 
 pon-i. 
 
 PON-GA. 
 
 pon-iamo. 
 
 pon-ete. 
 
 PON-GANO. 
 
 The subjunctive present is formed in precisely the same way, that 
 is by changing o of the first person singular present indicative into 
 a for the same person of the subjunctive, and into ano for the 
 third person plural, thus, 
 
 PON-GA. 
 
 pon-ga. 
 pon-ga. 
 pon-iamo. 
 pon-iate. 
 
 PON-GANO. 
 
 The first three persons of the subjunctive are always the same in 
 regular as well as in irregular verbs.
 
 AHN'S SKCOXD ITALIAN COORSE. 99 
 
 Avete posto la candela sulla tavola ? I miei fratelli si 
 porrebbero in viaggio se avessero danaro. Abbitun bi- 
 sogno del cavalli per travel da queste pozzanghere. II 
 mercante non ritrarra molto vantaggio da quell' affare. 
 Mio cugino si sottrasse felicemento dall' irapegno. Mi 
 sono proposto di fare una visita alia marches a. Ingannarsi 
 cosa umana. Anch' il savio s'inganna di quando in 
 quando. Non m' inganno sul tuo amico. II senate di 
 Geneva propose di costruire in mezzo alia citta un ca- 
 stello nel quale doveano esser protetti i giorni d' Andrea 
 Doria, minacciati da una fazione rivale. Questo virtuo- 
 so cittadino vigorosamente si oppose, ad un siffatta riso- 
 luzione. " Genova, diss' egli, non difendera la sua liberta 
 con baluardi, e con guarnigioni ; essa non la conserved 
 che col disinteresse, e colla docilitk del popolo ; questo 
 solo pu6 guarantirle la sua mdipendenza. Non piaccia 
 a Dio che, per assicurare il riposo de' miei ultimi giorni, 
 io soffra che la mia patria s' esponga alia schiavitu ! 
 La cittadella, che alcuni di voi bramano di veder fabbri- 
 care, diverrebbe certamente piil tardi uno stromento di 
 oppressione." 
 
 110. 
 
 Impraticabile, impracticable ; nettare, to clean, to scour; 
 gahhia (./".)> a cage; vano, vain ; innumerahile, countless ; incro- 
 st.to, incrusted ; marmo (m.), marble i colonna (/".), a pillar; 
 stendere, to extend; migiio (.), a mile; conveniente, fit ; 
 ornato, adorned ; iutarsiato, inlaid. 
 
 Where did you put my books ? I put them on that 
 box. The artist would travel if he had money. Your 
 friend did not derive much advantage from that transac- 
 tion. My brothers withdrew promptly from the engage- 
 ment. Read this book, please. I read that book already 
 last night. My neighbour's wife goes to Paris to-day. I 
 had neither dressed myself nor done my hair up when the 
 strangers arrived. I was at Paris when you were at Rome. 
 la this bread well baked ? I saw some beautiful strasv- 
 
 X 2
 
 1 00 AHN S SECOND ITALIAN COUKSK. 
 
 berries in the middle of the market. The marquis has 
 returned to-day with his family from Genoa. 
 
 111. 
 Andare, to go. 
 
 RKM. When in English the participle in ing is used with 
 reference to an act in operation, as / am eating, I am drinking, 
 I am yoiny (now understood), the simple present tense of the verb 
 is used in Italian (See Rem. Ex. 62) ; but, if a future time is im- 
 plied, then the future tense is commonly used, as andro al teatro 
 questa sera, 1 AM GOING to the theatre this evening. 
 
 The verbs riandare and trasandare, though compounds of 
 andare, are now usually conjugated like amare. 
 
 Andare (speaking of clothes), to Jit ; andare a ritrovare to go 
 and see, to go and visit ; da qual parte, in which direction ; avanii, 
 before, forward ; Svetonio Suetonius,- da, he gives ; il di dentro, 
 the interior; madieperla (/.), mother of pearl; incominciarsi, 
 to begin ; stimare, to esteem ; gennna (/), a yem. 
 
 Io vo a casa e mio fratello va alia scuola. lo andro 
 climani a pranzare dallo zio. Mio fratello vi andrehhe 
 pure se non fosse ammalato. Oggi non posso andarvi 
 perch sono stance. Andiamo a fare una passeggiata. 
 Da qual parte andremo ? Andate avanti, di grazia. 
 Andra Ella dimani a ritrovar la vedova ? Vadano i fan- 
 ciulli un poco a spasso. Volete andare questa sera al 
 concerto. Noi ci andremo volontieri, se vi andassero 
 anch' essi. II Suo vestito va benino. Andate voi al 
 teatro ? No, andiamo in chiesa. Va Ella a Firenze ? 
 Signer, Si. Vai tu a Napoli per acqua ? No, andro 
 per terra. Come va colla Sua salute ? La iriia salute 
 va incite bene. Svetonio ci da un picciolo sbozzo del 
 palazzo d' oro di Nerone. Tutto il di dentro era messo 
 a oro, ornato di gemme, intarsiato di madreperle. Sale 
 e camere innumerabili incrostate di marmi fini ; portici di 
 colonne, che si stendevano un roigiio. Quando egli
 
 AH>'S SECOND ITALIAN COTJKSF. 101 
 
 andb ad abitarlo, disse : or si che quasi incomincio ad 
 abitare un alloggio conveniente ad un uomo ! 
 
 112. 
 
 Collegio (m.\ a college ; aria (/.), air ; altro, something else ; 
 a cavallo, on horseback ; violenza (/".), violence ; colpo, the recoil; 
 rovesciare, to upset; sudlo (m). the ground ; archibuso (.), a 
 gun ; fuggito )4 /?erf; curvarsi, to 6fnd ; sergente (*.), a sergeant ; 
 raccdgliere, to lift up again ; arrae (/.), a weapon. 
 
 EEM . Anddre and all other verbs of motion govern a (or ad} and 
 per before another verb in the infinitive ; as 1' artista e venuto a 
 veder noi, ed i nostri amici, the artist came to see us and our 
 friends. The conjunction and is never used in Italian between 
 two verbs " to go to see," '' to come to hear ;" not " to go and 
 see," " to come and hear." 
 
 I am going to see the marquis to-morrow. When are 
 you going to Mr. Beppo's ? I am going there this week. 
 Let us go together. Where are these gentlemen going ? 
 Are they not going the same way as we (are) ? Does your 
 watch go well ? Are you going to the concert this evening? 
 Where are you going, Miss? I am going home, and my 
 brother is going to the park. We are going to college now. 
 Go and call the servant. We are going to visit our grand- 
 father in the country. Let us go and take a little air. 
 These trowsers fit very well. The merchant's affairs are 
 going badly. Why did you not go to the doctor's ? Be- 
 cause we have had something else to do. I am going to 
 Genoa in three weeks. Are you going by land or water? 
 At what hour do you go to dinner? I go to dinner every 
 day at two. We are going to-day to the Domo d' Ossola 
 on foot. How do the ladies go ? They are going in a 
 carriage, and the gentlemen are going on horseback. Are 
 you going to your aunt's ? No, I am going to my sister's 
 and the girls are going to church. To-morrow I shall go 
 and see the general. My schoolfellows went to Italy last 
 year. 
 
 113. 
 
 Andarsene, to go away. 
 
 K 3
 
 102 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUKSE. 
 
 REM. Andare, when used in the sense of to go away, is generally 
 conjugated reflectively with the particle ne. (See Conjugation, 
 List of Irregulars.) 
 
 Andaracadere, to fall; presto (adv.), early, soon; raffreddarsi, 
 to catch cold ; possiate, you can ; caldamente, warmly ; stagi<5rie 
 (/.), a season; vestirsi, to be clothed ; moschetto (m.). a musket; 
 st.ato (m.) state ; facendo, doing ; a fudco, firing ; sparare, to go 
 off; carico (m.), charge; di (m.), a day ; dentro (adv.), inside. 
 
 Non ve ne an date via. Vattene con Dio, io non ti 
 posso ajutare. Voi volete gia andarvene ? Mi scusi, ma io 
 me ne devo andare. Aspetti im momento ce ne andremo 
 irisieme. Andiamocene Signore, fa gia tardi. Se egli 
 se ne va, me ne andrb anch' io. Perche mi corico alle 
 dieci, posso alzarmi presto. E impossibile che possiate 
 raffreddarvi in questa stanza. Sarebbe da bram^re che 
 queste donne si vestissero piu. caldamente per questa 
 stagione. Si fu Ella fidata nello straniero ? Si, mi 
 hdava, ma non mi fidero piti in un tal mascalzone. 
 Un moschetto d' uno Svizzero era in si cattivo stato, che 
 un di, facendo 1' esercizio a fuoco, non isparb che alia 
 quarta carica. La violenza del colpo fu tale che ne fu 
 
 10 Svizzero rovesciato al suolo, e 1' archibuso sfuggitogli 
 dalle mani, ando acadere alquanto lungi da lui. Curvossi 
 
 11 sergente par raccoglier 1' arme. " Badate, sergente, 
 disse lo Svizzero rialzandosi, non lo toccate, perche vi 
 sono ancora dentro tre altre cariche." 
 
 114. 
 
 Lentemente (adr.), slowly; Lunedf (m.), Monday ; giustific&re, 
 to clear one's self; accusare, to accuse ; ammettere, to admit , 
 ndi6nza (f.), an audience ; raddirizzare, to straighten ; giudickre, 
 to judge ; millantare, to amplify ; pellighnare, to travel abroad ; 
 emulare a, to emulate. 
 
 The strangers went away at seven. I shall go away 
 home soon. Your little brother went away slowly. I 
 must go away, it is now high time. Let these boys go
 
 AHN'S SECOND ITALIAN COUKSE. 103 
 
 away. Are you going to Naples ? Yes, sir. I am going 
 there also, and will have the pleasure of your society. 
 JSiext Monday I am going to see the artist at his house. 
 We are going to see whether your brother has returned. 
 My father goes home every day at eight. My cousin went 
 to America, and never came back again. You ought to 
 take back these goods to the merchant. You should clear 
 yourself, you have been accused. Fortune took away 
 from me what it had given to me. The general has been 
 admitted to an audience of the emperor. I supposed that 
 he was unwell. The gardener straightened all the trees. 
 The clergyman judges from appearances. These gentle- 
 men amplify too much. My sisters travelled abroad as 
 far as Moscow. We ought to esteem good citizens. We 
 emulate the good, not the bad. 
 
 115. 
 Dare, to give. 
 
 REM. Dare, like anddre, is an irregular of the first conjugation. 
 Of the compounds of this verb circonddre is regular, riddre, ad- 
 ddre, and sdare alone take the form of dare. A. number of verbs 
 ending in dare, as ridondare and secondare, are not compounds of 
 dare, and, consequently, are not subject to any of its irregularities. 
 The third persons of dare are sometimes used impersonally, as 
 non si da qui buon vino, there is no good wine to be had here. 
 
 Ridare, to give back; dare di ritdrno, to yive back; dar fudco, 
 to xet on fire ; dare ajuto, to assist ; rhiarore (w.), light ; colui il 
 quale, he who ; ei, (contraction of egli) ; ceriificarsi, to ascertain; 
 in fatti, in fact ; rincrescimento ()> annoyance; riguardare, to 
 took ; aceostare, to adcafice, approach ; innawedutame'nte. impru- 
 dently ; abbruciare, to burn. 
 
 lo do spesso danaro ai poveri. Diedi a lui i libri ed a 
 lei le frutta. Mi dia da mangiare ; ho gran fame. Mi dia 
 della moneta, La prego. Tu mi dai troppo. Non ci dark 
 Ella ajuto ? Non vi daremo di ritorno il ditale. I mer- 
 canti ci daranno del dauaro a prestito. Quei Signori ci 
 diedero 1' occasione d' aver buon' opinione di loro. Un
 
 104 AHJ)'s SECOND ITALIAN COURSE. 
 
 filosofo leggeva una sera al chiaror della candela un lihro 
 sulla fisionomia. Ad un certo passo, dove era scritto, 
 che colui, il quale ha il mento assai largo, dava indizio di 
 pazzia, ei tosto per certificarsi, s' egli ancora, avea un simil 
 mento, prese la candela, corse allo specchio e vide in 
 fatti che 1' aveva assai largo ; ma mentre lo andava con 
 qualche rincrescimento riguardando e contemplando, ac- 
 costo un po' troppo il lume alia barba, e innavedutamente 
 le diede fuoco, avendo la disgrazia di abbruciarselu piu 
 della meta. II filosofo tutto tranquillo sen ritorna al suo 
 libro, prende la penna e scrive nel margine probatum est. 
 
 Finezza (/), favour ; salutare, to salute ; pesante, heavy ; suf- 
 focare, to stifle ; onerare, to honour ; rispettare, to respect ; gior- 
 nata (f.), a day; rigido, bitter, rigid; furbo, knavish; febbre 
 (/.), a fever; mignatta (/.), a leech; salita (/), an ascent ; pre- 
 cipfzio (.)' a precipice ; progresso (m.), progress. 
 
 REM. Dare requires a dative of the person give TO ME the 
 book, not yive ME the book. 
 
 The strangers give nothing to the poor. We would 
 give you a prize if you were more diligent. Assist these 
 poor people, they deserve it. The lady gave the old sol- 
 diers bread, wine, and meat. The boy gave the letter to 
 the sister and not to the brother. My cousin gave little 
 Julia a pearl necklace and a pair of gold ear-rings. Will 
 you give us back the handkerchief? Did you give that 
 advice to the sergeant? Who gave the fish to the cat? 
 The ascent has commenced, and the road is environed with 
 precipices. I give you this book because you have been 
 diligent and attentive. Joseph gave the money to his 
 schoolfellow. The gardener gives you this flower for your 
 little sister. Give me the needles ami the thread. Our 
 father is very generous, he gives us everything we wish. 
 We give the children the advice not to go to the ball. 
 The marquis and the marchioness give a great deal to thru- 
 servants. Our brothers have given us these strawberries. 
 I have given some books to those diligent pupils.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 CONJUGATIONS 
 
 OF THE IEEEGULAR AND DEFECTIVE VEEBS, 
 
 Arranged Alphabetically. 
 
 ALL root or primitive verbs not naraed in the following 
 list are conjugated regularly, the anomalies pointed out 
 page 115, First Course, being kept in view. 
 
 Compound verbs are generally conjugated like their 
 primitives. Thus discorrere, occorrere, accorrere, soc- 
 currere, percorrere, scorrere, are all conjugated like cor- 
 rere. It sometimes happens, however, that though the 
 primitive is irregular, the compound remains regular, and 
 rice versa. Thus, though feiidere is regular, its compound 
 difendere has some anomalous forms, and is constquently 
 classed amongst the irregulars. 
 
 The moods and tenses, of which the first person only 
 is given in the accompanying table, being subordinate to 
 the general laws of the conjugation to which the verb 
 belongs, may be readily formed from the form given, or 
 from the present infinitive, by referring to the models of 
 the three regular conjugations Appendix to First Course. 
 (See Remarks, Ex. 95 and 109.) 
 
 ACCENDEBE. to light up. Past Def. accesi, accendesti, 
 accese ; aceendemmo, accendeste, accesero. Past Part. 
 aeceso. Other forma regular. 
 
 ACCOKGERSI, to perceive. Past Def. m'accorsi, t'accor- 
 gesti, s acc6rse ; ci accorgemmo, v'accorgeste ; s'accorsero. 
 Past Part, essersi accorto. Other forms regular.
 
 106 APPENDIX. THE IRI! EGTTI,A R VEBBS. 
 
 ADDUBBE (ndducere), to lead. Past Def. addussi, 
 adducesti, addiisse ; adducemrno, adduceste, addiisscro. 
 Fut. addurro, addurrai, addurra ; addurremo, addurrete, 
 addurranno. Cond. addurrei, addurreste, addurrebbe ; 
 addurremmo, addurreste, addurrebbero. The other tenses 
 are formed regularly from the Inf. adducere (not addurrc), 
 as Pres. Ind. addiico, addiici, adduce ; adduciamo, addu- 
 cete, adducono. 
 
 AFFLIGGERE, to afflict. Past Def. afflissi, affliggesti, 
 afflisse ; affliggemmo, affliggeste, afflissero. Past Part. 
 afflitto. Other forms regular. 
 
 ALGEBE, to freeze, is defective, the only forms in use 
 being alsi, alse, and the poetical term algente. 
 
 ALLUDEBE, to allude. Past Def. aliusi, alludeati, al- 
 luse ; alludemmo, alludeste, allusero/ Past Part, alliiso. 
 Other forms regular. 
 
 ANCIDEBE, to kill. Past Def. ancisi, ancidesti, aneise ; 
 ancidemmo, ancideste, ancisero. Past Part, anciso. Other 
 forms regular. 
 
 ANDABE, to go. Ind. Pres. vo (or vado), vai, va ; an- 
 diamo, andate, vaimo. Imperf. andava. Past Def. aiidui. 
 Fut. andro. Imper. va, vada ; andiamo, andate, vadano. 
 Cond. andrei. Subj. Pres. vada, vada, vada ; andiamo, 
 andiate, vadano. Sub. Imperf. andassi. Pres. Part, an- 
 dante. Past Part, andato. Gerund. Andando. 
 
 The following poetical and other exceptional forms are likewise 
 in use: van, for vanno ; andaro, andar, for anddrono ; anderb for 
 andrb ; andria, anderia for andrei ; anderia, andria for andrebbe ; 
 anderiano, andrieno for andrebbero ; and vadi for vada, 
 
 ANDABSENE, to go away. Ind. Pres. me ne vado, te ne 
 vai, se ne va ; ce n'andiamo, ve n'andate, se ne vanno. 
 Imperative : vattene, se ne vada ; andiamocene, andate- 
 vene, se ne vadano. Other tenses like andare conjugated 
 in the same way. 
 
 ANGEBE, to grieve. The only form of this verb in use 
 is ange, it grieves, which is rarely found in prose. 
 
 ANNETTERE, to annex. Past Def. annessi, annettesti, 
 annesse ; annettemmo, annetteste, annessero. Past Part. 
 annesso. Other forms regular. 
 
 APPABIBE, to appear. Ind. Pres. apparisco, apparisci, 
 apparisce or appare ; appariamo, apparite, appariscono, 
 or appajono. Past Def. apparii, or apparvi, apparisti, ap-
 
 APPENDIX. THE IBEEG0LAB VKKBS 107 
 
 pari, or apparve ; apparimmo, appariste, apparirono, or 
 apparvero. Imperative . apparisci, apparisca, or appaja ; 
 appariamo, apparite, appariscano. or appajano. Subj. 
 Pres. apparisca, or appaja ; appajamo, appariate, apparis- 
 cano, or appajano. The poets sometimes use apparsi for 
 apparvi. Other forms regular. 
 
 APPENDEEE, to hang up. Past Def. appesi, appendesti, 
 appese; appendemmo, appendeste, appesero. Past Part. 
 appeso. Other forms regular. 
 
 APBIBE, to open, is conjugated like sentire, but makes the 
 Past Participle aperto. The following irregular forms 
 of the Past Def. are sometimes found : apersi, aperse, apr- 
 sero. The verbs offrire and soffrire likewise make their 
 participle offerto, sofferto, and have duplicate forms of the 
 Past Def. in the same way as aprire. 
 
 AEDERE, to burn. Past Def. arsi, ardesti, arse ; ardem- 
 mo, ardeste, arsero. Past Part. arso. Other forms re- 
 gular. 
 
 ABEOGEBE, to add. Paxt Def. arrosi, arrogesti, arrose ; 
 arrogemmo, arrogeste, arrosero. Past Part, arroso or 
 arroto. Other forms regular, but this verb is not much 
 used by modern writers. 
 
 ASCONDEEE, to hide. Past Def. ascosi, ascondesti, as- 
 cose ; ascondemmo, ascondeste, ascosero. Past Part. 
 ascoso, or ascosto. Other forms regular. 
 
 ASSIDEBE, to besiege. Past Def. assisi, assidesti, assise : 
 assidemmo,assideste,assisero. Past Part, assiso. Other 
 forms regular. 
 
 ASSISTEEE, to assist. Past Part, assisto. Other forms 
 regular. All verbs ending in sistere make the Past Part. 
 in isto instead of uto. 
 
 ASSOLVEEE, to absolve, is conjugated regularly through 
 all its tenses, but makes the Past Part, assolto. It has 
 likewise the following irregular Past Def. in use : assolsi, 
 assolvesti, assolse; assolvemmo, assolveste, assolsero. 
 
 ASSOEBEKE, to absorb. Past Def. assorsi, assorbe'sti, 
 assorse ; assorbemmo, assorbeste, assorsero. Past Part. 
 asfcorto. Other forms regular. 
 
 ASSUMEHE, to assume. Past Def. assunsi, a?sumesti, 
 assunse ; assumemmo, assumeste, assiinsero. Past Part. 
 as^unto. Other forms regular. 
 
 AVEEE, to have. See Conjugation, Appendix to First 
 Course.
 
 108 APPENDIX. THE IRREGULAR VKRBS. 
 
 AVVINCERE, to bind. Pant Def. avvinsi, arvince'sti, 
 avvinse ; avvincemmo, avvinceste, avvinsero. Past Part. 
 avvinto. Other forms regular. 
 
 BEEE (bevere), to drink. Ind. Pres. beo, bei, bee ; 
 bejamo, or beiamo, bejete or beete, beono. Imperf. bevea. 
 Past Def. bewi, beesti, bevve ; beemmo, beeste, bevvero. 
 Put. bero, berai, bera ; beremo, berete, beranno. Impe- 
 rative : bei, bea, beiamo, beete, beano. Cond. berei. 
 Subj. Pres. bea, bea, bea, bejamo or beiamo, bejate, or 
 beiate, beano. Subj. Imperf. beessi. Pres. Part, beendo. 
 Past Part, beiito, or bevuto. 
 
 The uncontracted Infinitive bevere may likewise be conjugated 
 regularly through all the moods and tenses, both the contracted 
 and uncontracted forms being in use. The Past Def. of bevere is 
 bevetti, bevesti, bevette, bevemmo, beveste, bevettero. The form 
 bevo of the Ind. Pres. is more in use than bm, but bee is com- 
 moner than beve. The Past Def. bevei is sometimes used, but 
 bevvi or bevette is more frequently met with. The poets some- 
 times write the Past Def. thus : bebbi, bebbe, bebbero. 
 
 CADERE, to fall. Ind. Pres. cado, or caggio, cadi, 
 cade ; cadiamo, or caggiamo, cadete, cadono, or caggiono. 
 Past Def. caddi, cadesti, cadde ; cademmo, cadeste, cad- 
 dero. Put. cadro, or cadero, cadrai, cadia ; cadremo, ca- 
 drete, cadranno. Cond. cadrei or caderei, cadresti, ca- 
 dre bbe ; cadremmo, cadreste, cadrebbero. Pres. Part. 
 cadente. Past Part, caduto. Ger. Cadendo. 
 
 The regular forms of the second and third persons plural, Past 
 Def. of cadere, are sometimes used as well as the irregular forms. 
 The poets use cadei or cadetti for caddi ; cdyyia or caggi for cada ; 
 and cayyendo for cadtndo. 
 
 CALEHB, to care for or to be concerned, is defective, and 
 only used impersonally. The third persons in use are 
 Ind. cale, caleva, calse, cnlerii or carra. Cond. calerebbe, 
 or carrebbe. Subj. caglia, calesse. 
 
 CEDERE, to yield, is regular in all its tenses, but makes 
 the Past Part, either ceduto or cesso ; and lias likewise the 
 duplicate forms cessi, cesse, cessero of the Past Definite. 
 
 CHIEDERE, to ask, to beg. Past Def. chiesi, chiedesti, 
 chiese ; chiedemmo, chiedeste, chiesero. Past Part. 
 chiesto. Other forms regular ; but, instead of Pres. Ind. 
 chie'do, the forms chieggo and chieggio are often used. 
 
 CmuDERE, to shut. Past Def. chiusi, chiudesti, chiuse;
 
 APPENDIX. THE riU;EGUr,AR VKRBS. ] Qf) 
 
 rhiudemmo, chiudeste, chiiisero. Past Part, chiiiso. 
 Other forms regular. 
 
 CIKGERE, or CIGNERE, to gtrd. Past Def. cinsi, cin- 
 gesti, cinse ; cinge'mmo, cingeste, ciusero. Past Part. 
 cinto. Other forms regular. 
 
 COGLIERE, or COREE, to gather. Ind. Pres. colgo, or 
 coglio, cogli, coglie ; cogiiamo, cogliete, colgono. Imperf. 
 coglievo. Past Def. colsi, cogliesti, colse ; cogliemmo, 
 coglieste, colsero. Fut. corro, or cogliero, corral, corra ; 
 corremmo, correte, corranno. Imperative : cogli, colga ; 
 cogiiamo, cogliete, colgano. Cond. correi, or cogli erei, cor- 
 resti, correbbe ; corremmo, correste, correbbero. Subj. 
 Pres. coglia, or colga, colga, colga ; cogiiamo, cogliate, 
 colgano. Subj. Imperf. cogliessi. Pres. Part, coglieiido. 
 Past Part, colto. 
 
 The old writers use cogliono for colgono, coli for cogli, corria 
 for eorrei, and sometimes coi or co' for cogli. 
 
 COLEKE, to revere. Of this verb the only forms in use 
 are colo, cole, mostly used in poetry, and the Participles 
 colto, cnlente. 
 
 COMPARIRE, to appear in public. Like npparire, 
 
 COMPIERE, or COMPIRE, to fulfil. Ind. Pres. compio, 
 or compisco, compj, or co^npisci, compie, or compisce ; 
 compiamo, complete, or compite, compiono, or compiscono. 
 Imperf. compievo, or compivo. Past Def. compii. Fut. 
 compiero, or compiro. Imper. compj, or compisce, com- 
 pia, or compisca ; compiamo, complete, or compite, coin- 
 piano, or compiscano. Cond. compierei, or compirei. Subj. 
 Pres. compia, or compisca. Subj. Imperf. compiessi, or 
 compissi. Pres. Part, compiendo. Past Part, compiiito, 
 or compito. 
 
 COMPEIMERE, to press. Past Def. compreasi, compri- 
 mesti, compresse ; comprimeinino, comprimeste, compres- 
 sero. Past Part, compresso. Other forms regular. 
 
 CONCLUDERE, to conclude. Past Def. conclusi, concln- 
 desti, concltise ; concludemmo, concludeste, concliisero. 
 Past Part, concliiso. Oilier forms regular. 
 
 CONDURRE (Condiicere), to conduct. Like addurre. 
 
 CONNETTERE, to unite. Like annettere. 
 
 CONOSCERE, to know. Ind. Pres. conosco, conosci, co- 
 nosce ; conosciamo, conoscete, conoscono. Imperf. conos- 
 cevo. Past Def. ccnobbi, conoscesti, conobbe ; coi)O8- 
 
 L
 
 110 APPENDIX. THE IRREGULAR TKKBS. 
 
 cemm , conosceste, conobbero. Fut. conoscero. Imper. 
 conosci, conosca ; conosciamo, conoscete, conoscano. Cond. 
 conoscerei. Subj. Pres. conosca, conosca, conosca ; conos- 
 ciamo, conoscete, conoscano. Subj. Imperf. conoscessi. 
 Pres. Part, conoscendo. Past Part, conosciuto. 
 
 CONSISTERE, to consist. Like assist ere. 
 
 CONSUMERS, to consume. Like assumere. 
 
 CONVERTIRE, to convert, is regular, but has also the fol- 
 lowing irregular Past Definite forms in use : conversi, con' 
 v6rse, conversero, and a duplicate Past Participle converso. 
 The verb pervertire is irregular in the same way. 
 
 COPRIRE, to cover. Past Part, coperto. Other forms 
 regular, but has also an irregular Past Definite like that 
 of aprire. 
 
 CORRE, to gather. See cogliere. 
 
 C6RRERE, to run. Past Def. corsi, corresti, corse ; cor- 
 remmo, correste, corsero. Past Part, corso. Other forms 
 regular. 
 
 CORRISPONDERE, to correspond. Like rispondere. 
 
 CRESCERE, to grow. 2nd. Pres. cresco, cresci, cresce ; 
 cresciamo, crescete, crescono. Imperf. crescevo. Past 
 Def. erebbi, cresceste, crebbe ; crescemmo, cresceste, creb- 
 bero. Fut. crescero. Imper. cresci, cresca: cresciamo, 
 crescete, crescano. Cond. crsscerei. Subj. Pres. cresca. 
 Subj. Imperf. crescessi. Past Part, cresciuto. 
 
 CuciRE, to sew. Ind. Pres. cucio, cuci, cuce ; cuciamo, 
 cucite, ciiciono. Imperf. cucevo. Past Def. cucii. Fut. 
 cuciro. Imper. cuci, cucia ; cuciamo, cucite, ciiciano. 
 Cond. cucirei. Subj. Pres. cucia, cucia, cucia, cuciamo, 
 cuciate, ciiciano. Subj. Imperf. cucissi. Pres. Part. 
 cucendo. Past Part, cucito. 
 
 CUOCERE, to cook. Ind. Pres. cuoco, cuoci, cuoce ; 
 cociamo, cocete, cu6cono. Imperf. cocevo. Past Def. 
 cossi, cocesti, cosse ; cocemmo, coceste, c6ssero. Fut. 
 cocero. Imper. cuoci, cuoca ; cociamo, cocete, cuocano. 
 Cond. cocerei. Subj. Pres. cuoca. Subj. Imperf. cocessi. 
 Pres. Part, cocendo. Past Part, cotto. 
 
 DARE, to give. Ind. Pres. <lo, dai, da ; diamo, diate, 
 danno. Imperf. davo. Past Def. diedi, or detti, deste, 
 diede, or dette ; demmo, deste, diedero, or dettero. Fut. 
 daro, darai, dara ; daremo, darete, daranno. Imper. da, 
 dia ; diamo, date, diano. Cond. darei, daresti, darebbe ; 
 daremmo, dareste, darebbero. Subj. Pres. dia, dia, dia ;
 
 APPENDIX. THE IKHEGULAli VEKBS. ] \\ 
 
 diamo, diate, diano. Subj. Imperf. dessi, dessi, dosse ; 
 dcssimo, deste, dessero. Pres. Part, daudo. Past Part. 
 dato. 
 
 The old writers have Past Def. die, dier, diero, dienno, denno. 
 Subj, Pres. dieno, deano. Imper. dea, dieno, deano. 
 
 DECIDEBE, to decide. Past Def. decisi, decidesti, de- 
 cise ; decidemmo, decideste, decisero. Past Part, deciso. 
 Other forms regular. 
 
 DEDUBBE, deducere, to deduce. Like addurre. 
 
 DEPBIMEBE, to depress. Like comprimere. 
 
 DESISTEEE, to desist. Like assistere. 
 
 DIFENDEKE, to defend. Past Def. difesi, difendesti, 
 difese ; difeudemmo, difendeste, dife'sero. Past Part. 
 difeso. Other forms regular. 
 
 DILUDEEE, to deceive. Like alludere. 
 
 DIEE, to say. Pres. Ind. dico, dici, or di', dice ; di- 
 ciamo, dite, dicono. Imperf. dicevo. Past Def. dissi, 
 dicesti, disse ; dicemmo, diceste, dissero. Fut. diro. Im- 
 per. di or di', dica ; diciamo, dite, dicano. Cond. direi. 
 Subj. Pres. dica, dica, dica; diciamo, diciate, dicano. 
 Subj. Imperf. dicessi. Pres. Part, dicendo. Past Part. 
 detto. 
 
 Like dire are conjugated its compounds redire, conlraddire, mo- 
 ladire, benedire, &c. 
 
 PIBIGEEE, to direct. Past Def. diressi, dirigesti, di- 
 resse ; dirigemmo, dirigeste, diressero. Past Part, diretto. 
 Other forms regular. 
 
 DISCUTEBE, to examine. Past Def. discossi, discutesti, 
 discosse ; discutemmo, discuteste, diacossero. Past Part. 
 discosso. Other forms regular. 
 
 DISPENDERE, to expend. Like appendere. 
 
 DISSOLVEBE, to dissolve, is conjugated regularly through 
 all its tenses, but has likewise in use Past Def. dissolvi, 
 dissolvesti, dissolve ; dissolvemmo, dissolveste, dissolvero. 
 It also makes the Past Part, dissolso or dissolto, but not 
 dissolute. The verb risolvere is irregular in the same way. 
 
 DISSUADEKE, to dissuade. Past Def. dissuasi, dissua- 
 desti, dissuase ; dissuademmo, dissuadeste ; dissuasero. 
 Past Part, dussuaso. Other forms regular. 
 
 DISTINGTJEEE, to distinguish. Past Def. distinsi, 
 distinguesti, distinse ; distinguemmo, distingueste, distiu- 
 eero. Past Part, distinto. Other forms regular.
 
 112 APPENDIX. THE IRREGULAR VERBS. 
 
 DJVELLERE, or DIVERRE, to root up'. Past Def. direlsi, 
 divellesti, diveise ; divellemmo, divelieste, divelsero. Past 
 Part, divelto. Other forms regular. 
 
 DIVIDERE, to divide. Past Def. divisi, dividesti, divise ; 
 dividemmo, divideste, divisero. Past Part, diviso. O.her 
 forms regular. 
 
 DOLERE, to ache. See doUrsi. 
 
 DOLEHSI, to grieve. Ind. Pres. mi dolgo or doglio, ti 
 duoli, si duole ; ci dogliamo or dolghiamo, vi dolefce, si 
 dolgono or dogliono. Imperf. mi dolevo, ti dplevi, si do- 
 leva ; ci dolevamo, vi dolevato, si dolevano. Past Def. mi 
 dolsi, ti dolesti, si dolse ; ci dolemmo, vi doleste, si dolsero. 
 Fut. mi dorro, ti dorrai, si dorra ; ci dorremo, vi dorrete, 
 si dorranno. Imper. duoliti, si dolga ; dogliamoci, dole- 
 tevi, si dolgano. Cond. mi dorrei, ti dorresti, si dorrebbe ; 
 ci dorremmo, vi dorreste, si dorrebbero. Subj. Pres. mi 
 doglia or dolga, ti dolga, si dolga ; ci dogliamo, vi dogliate, 
 si dolgano or dogliano. Sub. Imperf. mi dolessi, ti do- 
 lessi, si dolesse ; ci dolessimo, vi doleste, si dolessero. 
 Pres. Part, dolendosi. Past Part, essersi doliito. 
 
 DOVERE, to owe, to be obliged. Ind. Pres. devo or 
 debbo, devi, deve ; dobbiamo, dovete, devono or debbono. 
 Imperf. dovevo. Past Def. dovei or dovetti, dovesti, 
 dove or dovette ; dovemmo, doveste, doverono or dovet- 
 tero. Fut. dovro, dovrai, dovra ; dovremo, dovrete, dov- 
 ranno. Imper. devi or debbi, debba or deggia ; dob- 
 biamo, dovete, debbano or deggiano. Cond. dovrei, dov- 
 resti, dovrebbe ; dovremmo, dovreste, dovrebbero. Subj. 
 Pres. debba or deggia, debba, debba ; dobbiamo, dob- 
 biate, debbano or deggiano. Subj. Imperf. dove*ssi. Pres. 
 Part, dovendo. Past Part, dovuto. 
 
 Besides these forms the poets use degglo for devo ; debbe, dei or 
 de* for devi; debbe for deve; and denno, deono, deggiono for devono. 
 
 ELIDERE, to retrench. Past Def. elisi, elidesti, eliae ; 
 elidemmo, elideste, elisero. Past Part, eliso. Oilier 
 forms regular. 
 
 ELUDERE, to elude. Like alludere. 
 
 EMPIERE, to fill. Like compiere. 
 
 ERIQERB, or ERGEKE, to erect. Past Def. ere*ssi, eri- 
 ge"sti, eresse ; erigemmo, erigeste, eressero. Past Part. 
 eretto. Other forms reg\ilar. 
 
 ESAUDIRE, to grant, is conjugated like its primitive
 
 APPENDIX. THE IRREGULAR VKUBS. 113 
 
 udire, but takes the termination isco, as esaudisco, I grant, 
 arid so on. 
 
 ESCLUDERE, to exclude. Like concludere. 
 
 ESI'GERE, to require. Past Part, esatto. Other forms 
 regular. 
 
 ESIMERE, to exempt. Past Part, esento. Other forms 
 regular. 
 
 ESISTERE, to exist. Like assistere. 
 
 ESPELLERE, to expel. Past Def. espiilsi, espellesti, 
 eapulse ; espellemmo, espelleste, espiilsero. Past Part. 
 espulso. Other forms regular, but rarely used in prose. 
 
 ESPRIMKRE, to express. Like comprimere. t 
 
 ESSEKE, to be. See Conjugation, Appendix to First 
 Course. 
 
 ESTINGUERE, to extinguish. Like distinguere. 
 
 ESTRUDERE, to thrust out. Past Def. estrusi, estrudesti, 
 estruse ; estrudemmo, estrudeste, estriisero. Past Part. 
 estruso. Other forms regular. 
 
 FARE (facere), to do, to make. Ind. Pres. fo or faccio, 
 fai, fa ; facciamo, fate, fanno. Imperf. faceVo, facevi, 
 faceva ; facevamo, facevate, facevano. Past Def. feci, 
 facesti, fece; facemmo, faceste, fecero or feciono. Fut. 
 faro, farai, fara ; faremo, farete, faranno. Imper. fa, faccia ; 
 facciamo, fate, fanno, or facciano. Cond. farei, feresti, 
 farebbe ; faremmo, fareste, farebbero. Subj. Pres. faccia, 
 faccia, faccia ; facciamo, facciate, facciano. Subj. Imperf. 
 facessi, facessi, facesse ; facessimo, faceste, facessero. Pres. 
 Part, facendo. Past Part, fatto. 
 
 The poets have the following forms : Ind. Pres. face, fan. 7m- 
 perf. fea, feano. Past Def. fei, festi, fe', feo, femmo, feste, ferono, 
 fero, fer, fenno. Imperf. Subj. fessi. The Infinitive facere is not 
 used, but some of the oblique forms are derived from it. 
 
 FENDERE, to split, is regular, but makes the Past Defi- 
 nite either fendei, fendetti or fessi, and the Participle 
 either fesso orfenduto. 
 
 FIEDERE, to wound. Pres. Ind. fiedo, fiedi, fiedono. 
 Imperf. fiedevo. Past Def. fiedei. Subj. Pres. fieda. 
 Subj. Imperf. fiedessi. Pres. Part, fiendendo. Other 
 forms obsolete. 
 
 FIGGERE or FIGERE, to fix. Past Def. fissi or fisi, 
 figgesti, fisse ; figgemmo, figgeste, fissero. Past Part. 
 fisno or fitto. Other forms regular. 
 
 L 3
 
 114 APPENDIX. THE TUIiEGULAR VERBS. 
 
 FINGEBE or FIGNERE, to forge. PastDef. final, fingesti, 
 finse ; fingemmo, fingeste, fmsero. Past Part, tiuto. 
 Other forms regular. 
 
 FLETTEBE, to bend. Past Def. flessi, flettesti, flesse ; 
 flettemmo, fletteste, flessero. Past Part, flesso. Other 
 forms regular, but seldom used. 
 
 FONDEKE, to melt. Past Def. fusi, fondesti, fuse ; fon- 
 demmo, fondesti, fusero. Past Part, fuso or fonduto. 
 Other forms regular. 
 
 FEIGGEBE, to fry. Past Def. frissi, friggesti, frisse ; 
 friggemmo, friggeste, frissero. Past Part, fritto. Other 
 fforms regu-lar. 
 
 FBANGEBE, to break. Past Def. fransi, frangesti, franse ; 
 frangemmo, frangeste, fransero. Past Part, franto or 
 fratto. Other forms regular. 
 
 GIACEBE, to lie down. 2nd. Pres. giaccio, giaci, giace ; 
 giacciamo, giacete, giacciono. Past Def. giacqui, giacesti, 
 giacque; giacemmo, giaceste, giacquero. Imperative: giaci, 
 giaccia, giacciamo, giacciate, giacciano. Subj. Pres. giaccia, 
 giaccia, giaccia; giacciamo, giacciate, giacciano. Pres. 
 Part, giacendo. Past Part, giaciuto or giacciuto. 
 
 GIBE, to go, is defective, and mostly used by the poets. 
 The forms in.use are : Ind. Pres. giamo or gimo, we go ; 
 gite, you go. Imperf. givo or gio, givi, giva or gia ; givamo 
 or giamo, giano. Past Def. gii, gisti, gi or gio, gimmo, 
 gisti, girono or giano. Fut. giro. Cond. girei. Imper. 
 gite, go. Subj. gissi. Part. Pres. gendo. Past Part. 
 gito. 
 
 GIUNGERE or GIUGNERE, to arrive. Past Def. giiinsi, 
 giungesti, giiinse ; giungemmo, giungeste, giunsero. Past 
 Part, giuuto. Other forms regular. 
 
 ILLTJDEBE, to evade. Like alludere. 
 
 IMPELLEBE, to impel. Like espellere. 
 
 IMPENDEBE, to impend. Like appendere. 
 
 IMPBIMEBE, to print. Like comprimere. 
 
 INCENDEBE, to inflame. Like accendere. 
 
 INCI'DEBE, to engrave. Like decidere. 
 
 IKCLUDEBE, to include. Like concludere. 
 
 INDULGEBE, to grant. Past Def. indiilsi, indulgesti, 
 indulse ; indulgemmo, indulgeste, indulsero. Past Part. 
 indulto. Other forma regular. 
 
 INDUBBB (inducere), to induce. Like addnrre. 
 
 IKFLUEBE, to influence. Past Def. influssi, infiuesti,
 
 APPENDIX. THE IRREGULAR VEKBS. H5 
 
 influsse ; inflnemmo, influeste, influssero. Past Part. 
 infliitto, or infinite. This verb has also an Infinitive in ire 
 conjugated \\kefinire. 
 
 LSTSERI'RE, to insert, is conjugated regularly through 
 all its tenses, but has also an irregular Past Participle 
 insSrto. 
 
 INSISTERE, to insist. Like assistere. 
 
 INTRIDERE, to dilute. Past Def. intrisi, intridesti, in- 
 triae ; intridemmo, intrideste, intrisero. Past Part, in- 
 triso. Other forms regular. 
 
 INTRODURRE (introducere), to introduce. Lite addurre. 
 
 INTRUDERE, to intrude. Like estrudere. 
 
 INVADERE, to invade. Past Def. invasi, invadesti, in- 
 vase ; invademmo, invadeste, invasero. Past Part, invaso. 
 Other forms regular. 
 
 IRE, to go, is defective, and is mostly used by the poets. 
 The forms in use are : Ind. Pres. ite, you go. Imperf. 
 iva, he was going ; ivan or ivano, they were going. Fut. 
 iremo, we shall go ; irete, you shall go. Imper. ite, go. 
 Past Part, ito, gone. The Past Participle of ire is com- 
 monly used by the Tuscans instead of that of andare. 
 
 LECERE, or LICERE, to be lawful, is a defective verb, and 
 always used impersonally. Its only forms are : Ind. Pres. 
 lece or lice, and Past Part, lecito or licito. 
 
 LEGGERE, to read. Past Def. lessi, leggesti, lesse ; leg- 
 gemmo, leggeste, lessero. Past Part, letto. Other forms 
 regular. 
 
 LUCERE, to shine. Past Def. lussi, lucesti, lusse ; lu- 
 cemmo, luceste, lussero. No Past Participle. Other forms 
 regular. 
 
 MERGERS, to plunge. Past Def. mersi, mergesti, merse; 
 mergemmo, mergeste, mersero. Past Part, merso. Other 
 forms regular. 
 
 METTEHE, to put. Past Def. messi or misi, mettesti, 
 messe or mise ; mettemmo, metteste, messero or misero. 
 Past Part, messo. Other forms regular. 
 
 MISCERE, to mix, is regular, but has an irregular Past 
 Participle, misto. 
 
 MOLCERE, to soften, has only Pres. Ind. molci, molce. 
 Ariosto likewise uses a Past Def. molse. 
 
 MORDERE, to bite. Past Def. morsi, mordesti, morse ; 
 mordemmo, mordeste, morsero. Past Part, morso. Other 
 forms regular.
 
 116 APPENDIX. THE IRREGULAR VKRBS. 
 
 MORIRE, to die. Ind. Pres. muojo (muoio or muoro) 
 muori, muore ; muojamo (muoiamo or moriamo), morite, 
 muqjono (muoiano or muorono). Imperf. morivo. Past 
 Def. morii. Fut. morro, morrai, morra ; morremo, morrete, 
 morranno. Cond. morrei, morresti, morrebbe ; morrernmo, 
 morreste, morrebbero. Imper. muori, muoja or muora ; 
 muojamo, morite, muojano. Subj. Pres. muoja or muora, 
 muoja, muoja ; muojamo or moriamo, muojate or moriate, 
 muojano or muorano. Subj. Imperf. morissi. Pres. 
 Part, morendo. Past Part, morto. This verb may like- 
 wise be conjugated regularly through all its tenses, except 
 the Participle, but the irregular forms are most common. 
 
 MUNGERE, or MUGNERE, to milk. Past Def. munsi, 
 mungesti, munse ; rnungernmo, mungeste, munsero. Past 
 Part, munto. Other forms regular. 
 
 MUOVERE or MOVERE, to move. Past Def. mossi, mo- 
 vesti, mosse; movemmo, moveste, mossero. Past Part. 
 mosso. Other forms regular. Verbs which have uo in 
 the Infinitive usually drop the u before o unaccented. 
 See cuocere. 
 
 NASCERE, to lie born. Past Def. nacqui, nascesti, nac- 
 que ; nascemmo, nasceste, nacquero. Past Part. nato. 
 Other forms regular. 
 
 NASCONDERE, to conceal. Like ascondere. 
 NEGARE, to deny. This and other verbs in gare are 
 conjugated regularly like amare, with the exception of the 
 interpellation of h before terminations beginning with i or 
 e. (See Appendix to First Course, page 115.) These 
 verbs, however, have sometimes an i inserted in the Pres. 
 Ind., the Imperative, and Pres. Subj. forms, thus niego, 
 nieghi, niega, and so on. 
 
 NEGLIGERE, to neglect. Past Def. neglessi, negligesti, 
 negle'sse; negligemmo, negligeste, neglessero. Past Part. 
 negletto. Other forms regular, but some of them are 
 obsolete. 
 
 NUOCERE or NOCERE, to hurt. Ind. Pres. nuoco, 
 nu6ci, nociamo, nocete, nuocano. Imperf. nocevo. Past 
 Def. nocqui, noce"sti, nocque ; nocemmo, noceste, nocquero. 
 Fut. nocero. Cond. nocerei. Imper. nuoci, nuoca ; no- 
 ciamo, nocete, nuocano. Subj. Pres. nuoca, nuoca, nuoca ; 
 nociamo, nocete, nuocano. Subj. Imperf. nocessi. Part. 
 Pres. noceudo. Past Part, nociiito. 
 OFFENDEKE, to offend* Like dijendere.
 
 APPMNDIX. THK IRREGULAR VEKBS. H7 
 
 OFFRIRE or offerire, to offer. This and some similar 
 verbs are conjugated regularly through all the tenses, but 
 make the Past Participle in erto. (See aprire.) The Past 
 Participle of offrire is consequently offerto, and it has also 
 the following irregular Past Definite forms in use oJf'Srsi, 
 offerse, offersero. The verb soffrire is regular and irregular 
 in the same way. 
 
 OLIBE, to scent, to smell. Of this verb the only forms 
 in use are oliva, olivi, oliva, olivano. 
 
 OPPRIMERE, to oppress. Like cumprimere. 
 
 PARERE, to seem. Ind. Pres. pajo or paio, pari, pare ; 
 pajamo or paiamo, parete, pajono or paiono. Imperf. 
 parevo. Past Def. parvi, pareste, parve ; paremmo, pa- 
 reste, parvero. Ftit. parro, parrai, parra ; parremo ; par- 
 rete, parranno. Cond. parrei, parresti, parrebbe ; par- 
 remmo, parreste, parrebbero. Imper. pari, pa; a ; pajamo, 
 parete, pajano. Subj. Pres. paja or paia, paja; paja; 
 pajamo or paiamo, pajate or palate, pajano or paiano. 
 Subj. Imperf. paressi. Part. Pres. parendo. Past Part. 
 parso, or pariito (rare). 
 
 PASCERE, to feed. Past Part, pasciuto. Other forms 
 regular. Verbs in cere take i before some of the termi- 
 nations beginning with a or u, to preserve the liquid sound 
 of c. (See crescere.) 
 
 PERCUOTEEE or PERCOTERE, to strike. Past Def. per- 
 cossi, porcotesti, percosse ; percotemmo, percoteste, per- 
 cossero. Past Part, percosso. Other forms like verbs 
 iu uo. (See tnuocere.) 
 
 PERDEEE, to lose, is conjugated regularly, but has also 
 an irregular Past Participle perso in use, as also the fol- 
 lowing irregular Past Definite forms ^persi, perse, per- 
 sero. 
 
 PEESISTERE, to persevere. Like assistere. 
 
 PERSTTADERE, to persuade. Like dissuadere. 
 
 PEEVERTIRE, to confound. Like concertire. 
 
 PIACERE, to please. Ind. Pres. piaccio, piaci, piace ; 
 piacciamo, piacete, piacciono. Imperf. piacevo. Past Def. 
 piacqui, piacesti, piacque ; pia^emmo, piaceste, piacquero. 
 Fut. piacero. Cond. piacerei. Imper. piaci, piaccia; piac- 
 ciamo, piacete, piacciano. Subj. Pres. piaccia, piaccia, 
 piaccia ; piacciamo, piacciqte, piacciano. Subj. Imperf. 
 piacessi. Pres. Part, piacendo. Past Part, piaciuto. 
 
 or PIAGNEEE, to cry. Past Def. piansi,
 
 118 APPENDIX. THE IRREGTTLA.B VERBS. 
 
 piangesti, pianse ; piangemmo, piangeste, piansero. Past 
 Part, pianto. Other forms regular. 
 
 PINGERE, or PIGNERE, to paint. Past Def. pinsi, pin- 
 gesti, pinse ; pingemmo, pingeste, pinsero. Past Part. 
 pinto. Other forms regular. 
 
 PIOVERE, to rain. Past Def. piove or piowe. Other 
 forms regular. 
 
 PORGERE, to reach. Past Def. porsi, porgesti, porse ; 
 porgemmo, porgeste, porsero. Past Part, porto. Other 
 forms regular. 
 
 PORRE (ponere), to put. Ind. Pres. pongo, poni, pone ; 
 poniamo or ponghiamo, ponete, pongono. Imperf. ponevo. 
 Past Def. posi, ponesti, pose ; ponemmo, poneste, posero. 
 Fut. porrb, porrai, porra ; porremo, porrete, pon-anno. 
 Cond. porrei, porresti, porrebbe ; porremmo, porreste, 
 porrebbero. Subj. Pres. ponga, ponga, ponga ; pouianio 
 or ponghiamo, poniate, pongano. Subj. Imperf. ponessi. 
 Imperative: poni, ponga; poniamo, ponete, pougano. Pres. 
 Part, ponendo. Past Part, posto. 
 
 POTEHE, to be able. Ind. Pres. posso, puoi, pub; pos- 
 siamo, potete, p6ssono. Imperf. potevo. Past Def. potei. 
 Fut. potrb, potrai, potra ; potremo, potrete, potranno. 
 Cond. potrei, potresti, potrebbe ; potremmo, potreste, 
 potrebbero. Imperative, not used. Subj. Pres. possa. 
 possa, possa ; possiamo, possiate, possano. Subj. Imperf. 
 potessi. Pres. Part, potendo. Past Part, potuto. 
 
 The old writers nsepuote for pub, and ponno for possono, 
 
 PRECIDERE, to shorten. Past Def. precisi, precidesti, 
 precise ; precide'mmo, precideste, precisero. Past Part. 
 precise. Other forms regular. 
 
 PREDILIOERE, to love partially. Past Part, prediletto. 
 Other forms regular. 
 
 PREMERE, to press, is regular, but has an irregular Past 
 Participle presso in use. 
 
 PRENDERE, to take, is regular through all its tenses, and 
 makes the Past Definite either in prendei or prende"tti. The 
 following irregular Past Definite, however, is common 
 presi, prende'sti, prese ; prendemmo, prendeste, pre"sero. 
 The Past Definite is also sometimes written prede~i, pre~ 
 desti, and so through the other forms. Past Part, preso. 
 
 PRESUMERE, to presume. Like assumere. 
 
 PEOCEDEEE, to proceed. Like concedere.
 
 APPENDIX. THE IRREGULAB VEKBS. 119 
 
 PBODTJBBE (prodiicere), to produce. Like addurre. 
 
 PBOTEGGEBE, to protect. Past Def. protessi, proteg- 
 jjesti, protesse ; proteggemmo, protteggeste, protessero. 
 Past Part, protetto. Other forms regular. 
 
 PUNGERE, to sting. Past Def. punsi, pungesti, punse ; 
 pungemmo, pungeste, punsero. Past Part, punto. 
 
 KADEEE, to shave. Past Def. rasi, radesti, rase ; ra- 
 demnio, radeste, rasero. Past Part. raso. Other forms 
 regular. 
 
 RECERE, to vomit. Past Part, reciuto. Other forms 
 regular. 
 
 RECIDERE, to cut. Like decidere. 
 
 HEDIMERE, to redeem. This verb admits of being con- 
 jugated regularly through all its tenses, but makes the 
 Past Participle ridtnto. It has also the following irregular 
 Past Definite forma in use redensi, redense, redensero. 
 
 KEGGEBE, to rule. Past Def. ressi, reggesti, resse ; 
 reggemmo, reggeste, ressero. Past Part, retto. Other 
 forms regular. 
 
 HENDEBE, to render. This verb admits of being conju- 
 gated rogularly through all its tenses, but the following 
 irregular forms are more in use : Past Def. resi, reudesti, 
 rese ; rendemmo, rendeste, resero. Past Part. reso. 
 
 KEPEEE, to creep, has only the form repe, he, she, or it 
 creeps. 
 
 REPEI'MEEK, to repress. Like comprimere. 
 
 RESISTERE, to resist. Like assistere. 
 
 EICIDEEE, to retrench. Past Def. ricisi, ricidesti, ricise; 
 ricidemmo, ricideste, ricisero. Past Part, riciso. Other 
 forms regular. 
 
 BJDEBE, to laugh. Past Def. risi, ridesti, rise; ridem- 
 mo, rideste, risero. Past Part. riso. Other forms regular. 
 
 HIDUBEE (riducere), to reduce. Like addurre. 
 
 RIEDKEE, to return. The only forms of this verb in use 
 are Pres. Ind. riedo, riedi, riedono. Imper. riedi, rieda, 
 riedano. Subj. Pres. rieda, rieda, rieda, riedano. 
 
 HIMANEBE, to remain. Ind. Pres. rimango, rimani, ri- 
 mane ; rimaniamo (or rimangbiamo), rimanete, rimaugano. 
 Imperf. rimanevo. Past Def. rimasi, rimanesti, rimase ; 
 rimanemmo, rimaneste, rimasero. Fut. rimarro, rimarrai, 
 rimarra ; rimarremo, rimarrete, rimarranno. Cond. rimar- 
 rei. Imper. rimani, rimanga ; rimaniamo, rimanete, riman- 
 gano. Subj. Pres. rimanga, rimanga, rimanga ; rimauiamo,
 
 120 APPKXDIX. THE JIJKEGTTLAB. VKRBS. 
 
 rimaniate, rimangano. Subj. Imperf. rimanessi. Part. 
 Pres. rimanendo. Part. Past, rimaso or rimasto. 
 
 EISCTJOTERE, or RiscoTEKE, to recover. Past Def. ris- 
 cossi, riscotesti, riscosse ; riscotemmo, riscoteste, riscossero. 
 Past Part, riscosso. Other forms regular. (See muovere.) 
 
 RISOLVERE, to resolve. Like dissolvere. 
 
 HISPONDERE, to reply. Past Def. risposi, rispondesti, 
 rispose ; rispondemmo, rispondeste, risposero. Past Part. 
 risposto. Other forms regular. 
 
 KiTROCEDERE, to ffo back. Past Part, ritrocesso. Other 
 forms regular. 
 
 BODERE, to gnaw. Past Def. rosi, rodesti, rose ; ro- 
 demmo, rodeste, rosero. Past Part. roso. O.her forms 
 regular. 
 
 KOMPERE, to break. Past Def. ruppi, rompesti, ruppe ; 
 rompemmo, rompeste, riippero. Past Part, rotto. Oilier 
 forms regular. 
 
 SALT RE, to ascend. Ind, Pres. salgo or salisco, sali 
 or salisci, sale or salisce ; sagliamo, sa.li.te, salgouo or 
 saliscono. Imperf. salevo. Past Def. salii. Fut. salero. 
 Cond. salerei. Imper. sali or salisci, saiga or salisca; 
 sagliamo, salite, salgono, or saliscano. Subj. Pres. saiga, 
 or salisca, saiga, saiga; sagliamo, saliate, salgano, or salis- 
 Cauo. Subj. Imperf. salissi. Pres. Part, saleudo. Past 
 Part, salito. 
 
 SAPERE, to know. Ind. Pres. so, sai, sa ; sappiamo, 
 sapete, sanno. Imperf. sapevo. Past Def. seppi, sapesti, 
 seppe ; sapemmo, sapeste, seppero. Put. sapro, saprai, 
 sapra ; sapremo, saprete, sapranno. Cond. saprei, sapresti, 
 saprebbe ; sapremmo, sapreste, saprebbero. Imper. sappi, 
 sappia ; sappiamo, sapete, or sappiate, sappiano. Sulj. 
 Pres. sappia, sappia. sappia; sappiamo, sappiate, sappiano. 
 Subj. Imperf. sapessi. Pres. Part, sapendo. Past Part. 
 sapiito. 
 
 The old writers use sape forsa; sapemo for sappiamo; saccia 
 for sappia ; sapria for saprei ; and sapiendo for sapendo. 
 
 SCEQLIERE, or ScHERRE, to choose. Past Def. scelsi, 
 scegliesti, scelse ; scegli^mmo, sccglieste, scelsero. Past 
 Part, scelto. Otlier forms like cog Here. 
 
 SCENDERE, to descend. Past Def. scesi, scendesti, scese ; 
 scendemmo, scendeste, scesero. Past Part, sceso. Other 
 forms regular.
 
 APPENDIX. THE IKBEGTJLAE VERBS. 121 
 
 SCHIUDEBE, to open. Like chiudere. 
 
 SCI'NDERE, to cut. Past Def. scisi, scindesti, seise ; scin- 
 demmo, scindeste, scisero. Past Part, scisso. Other 
 forms regular. 
 
 SCIOGLIERE or SCIORRE, to untie. Past Def. sciolsi, 
 sciogliesti, sciolse; sciogliemuio, scioglieste, sciolsero. Past 
 Part, sciolto. Other forms like cogliere. 
 
 SCOLPIRE, to engrave, is regular, but has the regular 
 participle scolpito and an irregular sculto. 
 
 SCOMPABIBE, to depreciate. Like comparire. 
 
 SCOPBIBE, to uncover. Like coprire. 
 
 SCORGERE, to guide. Past Def. scorsi, scorgesti, scorse ; 
 scorgemmo, scorgeste, scorsero. Past Part, scorto. Other 
 forms regular. 
 
 SCRIVEBE, to write. Past Def. scrissi, scrivesti, scrisse ; 
 scrivemmo, scriveste, scrissero. Past Part, scritto. Other 
 forms regular. 
 
 ScrjciRE, to unstitch. Like entire. 
 
 SCTJOTERE or SCOTEEE, to shake. Past Def. scossi, 
 scotesti, scosse ; scotemmo, scoteste, scossero. Past 
 Part, scosso. Other forms like verbs in uo. (See muo- 
 vere.) 
 
 SEDEEE, to sit. Ind. Pres. siedo, siedi, siede ; sediamo, 
 sedete, siedono. Imperf. sedevo. Past Def. sedei or 
 sedette. Fut. sedero. Cond. sederei. Imper, siedi, sieda ; 
 sediamo, sedete, siedano. Subj. Pres. sieda, sieda, sieda ; 
 sediamo, sediate, siedano. Sulj. Imperf. sedessi. Part. 
 Pres. sedendo. Part. Past, seduto. 
 
 Veneroni and some other grammarians make sedere a regular 
 verb, and give sedo, sedi, sede ; sediamo, sedete, sedono, for the 
 Present Indicative, and corresponding forms for the Present Sub- 
 junctive and Imperative. Filippi, however, utterly repudiates 
 these orthographies. The poets use seggere for the Infinitive in- 
 stead of sedere, and this Infinitive is regularly conjugated by them 
 through all its tenses, thus segyo, seggia, seygendo, and so on. 
 
 SEDUREE (sediicere), to seduce. Like addurre. 
 
 SEGUIEE, to follow. Ind. Pres. seguo, segui, segue ; 
 segniamp, seguite, seguono. Imperf. seguivo. Fut. se- 
 guero. Cond. seguerei. Imper. segui, segua ; seguiarno, 
 seguite, seguano.. Subj. Pres. segua, segua, segua ; se- 
 guiamo, seguiate, seguano. Pres. Part, seguendo. Past 
 Part, seguito. 
 
 SEPFELIIEE, to bury, is regular, but the Past Participle
 
 122 APPENDIX. THE IRREGULAR VEHBS. 
 
 is sometimes written seppellito, sometimes sepulto, and 
 sometimes sepolto. 
 
 SERPEHE, to creep, has only the forma serpe, serf a, ser- 
 pendo. 
 
 SMUNGEBE, to milk. Like mungere. 
 
 SOFFRIRE or SOFFEHIRE, to bear. Like offrire. 
 
 SOLERE, to be accustomed. Ind. Pres. soglio, suoli, 
 suole ; sogliamo, solete, sogliono. Imperf. sol^vo. Past 
 Def. not used. Fut. not used. Cond. not used. Imper. 
 suoli, soglia; sogliamo, solete, sogliano. Subj. Pres. soglia, 
 soglia, soglia ; sogliamo, sogliate, sogliano. Subj. Imperf. 
 solessi. fart. Pres. solendo. Part. Past, solito. 
 
 The tenses not in use are supplied by essere with the Participle 
 of nolere, thus fui solito, I was accustomed; sard s<51ito, I wilt be 
 accustomed; sarei solito, I should be accustomed; ero stato solito, 
 / had been accustomed ; and so on. 
 
 SORGERE or SURGERE, to rise up. Past Def. aorsi or 
 sursi, sorgesti, sorse ; 8orge"mmo, sorgeste, s6rsero. Past 
 Part, sorto. Other forms regular. 
 
 SOSPENDERE, to suspend. Like appendere. 
 
 SPANDERE, to spill. Past Def. spansi, spandesti, spanse; 
 spandemmo, spand^ste, spansero. Past Part, spanto or 
 spanduto. Other forms regular. 
 
 SPARGERE, to distribute. Past Def. sparsi, spargesti, 
 sparse ; spargemmo, spargeste, sparsero. Past Part. 
 gparso. Other forms regular, 
 
 SPARIRE, to disappear. Like apparire. 
 
 SPENDERE, to spend. Past Def. spesi, spendesti, spese ; 
 spendemmo, spendeste, spesero. Past Part, speso. Other 
 forms regular. 
 
 SPENGEHE or SPEGNERE, to extinguish. Ind. Pres. 
 epengo or spegno, spegni, spegne ; spegni4mo or spen- 
 ghiamo, spegn^te, spengono. Imperf. spegnevo. Past 
 Def. spensi, spegnesti, spense ; spegnemmo, spegn^ste, 
 spensero. Fut. spegnero. Cond. spegnerei. Imper. 
 spegni, spegna or spenga ; spegniamo, spegnete, spegnano 
 or spengario. Subj. Pres. spenga or spegna, spenga, 
 spenga; spegniamo or spenghiamo, spegniate or spen- 
 ghiate, spegnano or spengano. Subj. Imperf. spegnessi. 
 Pres. Part, spegnendo. Past Part, spcnto. 
 
 SPERGERE or SPERDERE, to waste. Past Def. spersi, 
 spergesti, sperse ; spergemmo, spergeste, spersero. Past 
 Part, sperso. Other forms regular.
 
 APPENDIX. THE IRHEGTJLAB VERBS. 123 
 
 SPOBGERE, to stretch out, Like porgere. 
 
 SPBEMEBE, to express. Like premere. 
 
 STAEE, to stand. Ind. Pres. sto, stai, sta ; stiamo, state, 
 stanno. Imperf. stavo. Past Def. stetti, stesti, stette; 
 Btemmo, steste, stettero. Fut. staro, starai, stara ; staremo, 
 starete, staranno. Cond. starei, staresti, starebbe ; sta- 
 remmo, stareste, starebbero. Imper. sta, stia ; stiamo, 
 state, stiano. Subj. Pres. stia, stia, stia ; stiamo, stiate, 
 stiano. Subj. Imperf. stessi, stessi, stesse ; stessimo, steste, 
 stessero. Part. Pres. stando. Part. Past, stato. 
 
 The poets have stei for stesti; ste for stette; sterono, stero, 
 ster for stettero ; and staria for starei. 
 
 STENDEBE, to extend. Like tendere. 
 
 STOBCEBE, to wrest. Like torcere. 
 
 STBINGEBE or STBIGNEBE, to squeeze. Past Def . strinsi, 
 stringesti, strinse ; stringemmo, stringeste, strinsero. Past 
 Part, stretto. Other forms regular. 
 
 STEUGGEBE, to destroy. Past Def. strussi, strnggesti, 
 strusse ; struggemmo, struggeste, strussero. Past Part. 
 strutto. Other forms regular. 
 
 SUGGEBE, to suck. Past Part, succhiato. Other forms 
 regular. 
 
 SUPPBIMEEE, to suppress. Like comprimere. 
 
 SUEGEBE, to rise up. Like sorgere. 
 
 STJSSISTEEE, to subsist. Like assistere. 
 
 SVELLEBE (svegliere or sverre), to pluck. Ind. Pres. 
 svelgo, svelli, svelle ; svelliamo, svellete, svellono. Imperf. 
 svellevo. Past Def. svelsi, svellesti, svelse ; svellemmo, 
 svelleste, svelsero. Fut. svellerb. Cond. svellerei. Imper. 
 svelli, svelga ; svelliamo, svellete, svelgano. Subj. Pres. 
 svelga, svelga, svelga ; svelliamo, svelliate, svelgano. Subj. 
 Imperf. svellessi. Part. Pres. svellendo. Part. Past. 
 svelto. 
 
 SVOLGEBE, to unfold. Like volgere. 
 
 TACEEE, to be silent. Ind. Pres. tacio, taci, tace ; ta- 
 ciamo, tacete, taciono. Imperf. tacevo. Past Def. tacei. 
 Fut. tacero. Cond. tacerei. Imper. taci, tacia ; taciamo, 
 tacete, taciano. Subj. Pres. tacia, tacia, tacia ; taciamo, 
 taciate, taciano. Subj. Imperf. tacessi. Part. Pres. ta- 
 cendo. Part. Past, taciuto. 
 
 TENDERE, to spread. Past Def. tesi, tendesti, tese ; 
 tendemmo, tendeste, tesero. Past Part. teso. Other 
 forms reurular.
 
 124 APPiNDIX. THE IRREGULAR VKHBS. 
 
 TENERE, to hold. Ind. Pres. tengo, tieni, tiene ; te- 
 niamo, tenete, tengono. Imperf. tenevo. Past Def. tenni, 
 tenesti, tenne ; tenemmo, teneste, tennero. Fnt. terro, 
 terrai, terra ; terreruo, terrete, terranno. Cond. terrei, 
 terresti, terrebbe ; terremmo, terreste, terrebbero. Imper. 
 tieni, tenga ; teniamo, tenete, tengano. Subj. Pres. tenga, 
 tenga, tenga; teniamo, teniate, tengano. Subj. Imperf. 
 tenessi. Part. Pres. tenendo. Part. Past, tenuto. 
 
 Dante has teyno, teni for tengo, tieni. 
 
 TEPERE, to be tepid, has only the form tepe, it is tepid. 
 
 TERGERE, to wipe. Past Def. tersi, tergesti, terse ; ter- 
 gemmo, tergeste, tersero. Past Part, terso. Other forms 
 regular. 
 
 TINGERE, or TIG-NERE, to dye. Past Def. tinsi, tingesti, 
 tinse ; tindemmo, tiudeste, tinsero. Past Part, tinto. 
 Other forms regular. 
 
 TONDERE, to shear, is regular, but has an irregular Past 
 Participle tosdto, which is oftener used than tonduto. 
 
 TOLLERE, to take away, has only the forms tolli, tolle ; 
 tollera or tolleva, and tollendo. Other forms supplied by 
 togliere. 
 
 TORCERE or TORGERE, to twist. Past Def. torsi, tor- 
 cesti, torse ; torcemmo, torceste, torsero. Past Part. 
 torto. Other forms regular. 
 
 TORRE or TOGLIERE, to take. Like cogliere. 
 
 TBARRE (traere), to draw. Ind. Pres. traggo, trai, trae ; 
 trajamo (traiamo or traggiamo), traete, traggono. Imperf. 
 traevo. Past Def. trassi, traesti, trasse ; traemmo, traeste, 
 trassero. Fut. trarro, trarrai, trarra ; trarremo, trarrete, 
 trarranno. Cond. trarrei, trarresti, trarrebbe ; trarremmo, 
 trarreste, trarrebbero. Imper. trai, tragga ; trajamo 
 (traiamo or traggiamo), traete, traggano. Subj. Pres. 
 tragga, tragga, tragga ; trajamo Ctraiamo or tragghiamo,) 
 trajate or traiate, traggano. Subj. Imperf. traessi. Part. 
 Pres. traendo. Part. Past, tratto. 
 
 The poets have traggi for trai ; tragge for trae ; tranno for trae- 
 vano ; and trarria for trarrei. 
 
 TRASFERIRE, to transfer, is regular, but has either tras- 
 ferito or trasferto for Past Participle. 
 
 TRASPARIRE, to be transparent. Like apparire. 
 
 UDIHE, to hear. Ind. Pres. odo, odi, ode ; udiamo, 
 udite, odono. Imperf. udivo. Past Def. udii. Fut. udiro.
 
 APPENDIX. THE IRKEGTJLAB VEKBS. 125 
 
 Cond. udirei. Imper. odi, oda; udiamo, udite, odano. 
 Subj. Pres. oda, oda, oda; udiamo, udiate, odano. Subj. 
 Imperf. udissi. Pres. Part, udendo. Past Part, udito. 
 
 UNGERE or UGNEEE, to anoint. Past Def. unsi, un- 
 gesti, unse ; ungemmo, ungeste, linsero. Past Part. 
 unto. Other forms regular. 
 
 UEGEBE, to urge, is defective. The only forms in use 
 are Ind. Pres. urge. Imperf. urgeva, urgevano. (II 
 tempo urge, time presses.) 
 
 USCI'RE, to go out. Ind. Pres. esco, esci, esce ; usciamo, 
 usoite, escono. Imperf. uscivo. Past Def. uscii. Fut. 
 usciro. Cond. uscirei. Imper. esci, esca ; usciamo, uscite, 
 escano. Subj. Pres. esca, esca, esca; usciamo, usciate, 
 escano. Subj. Imperf. uscissi. Part. Pres. uscendo. Part. 
 Past, uscito. 
 
 VALEEE, to be worth. Ind. Pres. vaglio or valgo, vali, 
 vale ; vagliamo (valiamo or valghiamo), valete, vagliono 
 or valgouo. Imperf. valevo. Past Def. valsi, valesti, 
 valse ; valemmo, valeste, valsero. Fut. varro, varrai, 
 varra ; varrerno, varrete, varranno. Cond. varrei. Imper. 
 vali, vaglia or valga ; vagliamo or valghiamo, valete, va- 
 gliano or valgano. Subj. Pres. vaglia or valga, vaglia, 
 vaglia; vagliamo (valiamo or valghiamo), vagliate or vai- 
 ghiate, vagliano or valgano. Subj. Imperf. valessi. Part. 
 Pres. valendo. Part. Past, valiito or valso. The poets 
 make the Conditional varrai. 
 
 VEDEEE, to see. Ind. Pres. vedo (veggo or veggio), 
 vedi,vede; vediamo or veggiamo, vedete, vedono (veggono, 
 or veggiono). Imperf. vedevo. Past Def. vidi or veddi, 
 vedesti, vide or vedde ; vedemmo, vedeste, videro or ved- 
 dero. Fut. vedro, vedrai, vedra ; vedremmo, vedrete, ve- 
 dranno. Cond. vedrei, vedresti, vedrebbe ; vedremmo, 
 vedresti, vedrebbero. Imper. vedi, veda (vegga or veggia) ; 
 vediamo or veggiamo, vedete, vedano (veggano or veg- 
 giano). Subj; Pres. veda (vegga or veggia,) veda, veda ; 
 vediamo or veggiamo, vediate or veggiate, vedano (veg- 
 gano, or veggiano). Subj. Imperf. vedessi. Part. Pres. 
 vedendo or veggendo. Part. Past, vediito or visto. 
 
 The poets have ve 1 or vei for vedi ; e''for vede ; vedile for ve- 
 dete ; vedio for vedevo ; vi for vidi ; and vedria for vedrei and ve- 
 drebbe. 
 
 to come. Ind. Pres. vengo, vieni, viene ; 
 
 w 3
 
 126 APPENDIX. THE IRREGULAB VERBS. 
 
 veniamo, venite, vengono. Imperf. venivo. Past Def. 
 venni, vemsti, venne ; venimmo, veniste, vennero. Fut. 
 verro. Cond. verrei. Imper. vieni, venga ; veniamo, ve- 
 nite, ve*ngano. Subj. Pres. venga, venga, venga : veniamo, 
 veniate, vengano. Subj. Imperf. venissi. Part. Pres. 
 venendo. Past Part, venuto. 
 
 VILIPENDERE, to despise. Like appendere. 
 
 VINCEEE, to subdue. Past Def. vinsi, vincesti, vinse ; 
 vincemmo, vinceste, vinsero. Past Part, vinto. Other 
 forms regular. 
 
 VIVEBE, to live. Past Def. vissi, vivesti, visse ; vi- 
 vemmo, viveste, vissero. Past Part, vissuto or viviito. 
 Other forms regular. 
 
 VOLERE, to be willing. Ind. Pres. voglio, vuoi, vuole ; 
 vogliamo, volete, vogliono. ' Imperf. volevo. Past Def. 
 volli, volesti, voile ; volemmo, voleste, vollero. Fut. vorro, 
 vorrai, vorra ; vorremo, vorrete, vorranno. Cond. vorrei, 
 vorresti, vorrebbe ; vorremmo, vorreste, vorrebbero. Im- 
 per. not used. Subj. Pres. voglia, voglia, voglia ; vogliamo, 
 vogliate, vogliano. Subj. Imperf. volessi. Part. Pres. 
 volendo. Part. Past, voliito. 
 
 The old writers use vo' for voglio ; vuo' and vuolt for vuoi ; volemo 
 for vogliamo ; volei for volevi; volsi for volli ; volse for voile; and 
 vorrai for vorrei. 
 
 VOLGERE, to turn. Past Def. volsi, volgesti, volse ; 
 volgernmo, volgeste, volsero. Past Part, volto. Other 
 forms regular.
 
 ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 The Numbers refer to the Exercises, not to the Pages. 
 
 A, 13 rcm. Although, 9 As if, 32 Basket, 16 
 
 Abase, 28 Ally, 19 far as, 61 Bath, 17 
 
 Abhor, 6fi Almost, 32 long as, 105 Bathe, 108 
 
 Able, 63, 82 Alone, 63 much as, 105 Bay, 105 
 
 About, 17, 80 Alternately, 37 Ascent, 116 Be, 15, 29, 31, 37, 
 
 Abroad, 114 Am, 24, yl, 93 Ascertain, 115 60,64,75,77,85, 
 
 Absolve, 107 Ambassador, 71 Ashamed, 31 99 
 
 Absorb, 67 Ambitious, 69 Ask, 24, 50, 99 up, 75 
 
 Absurdity, 23 Amongst, 37 Asked, 23 Beast, 17 
 
 Accompany, 54 Amplify, 114 Asleep, 80 Beat, 64, 99 
 
 According to, 61 Amuse, 66,73 Aspiration, 59 Beaten. 5 
 
 Account, 95 Amused, 43, 75 Ass, 2 Beauty, 69 
 
 Accuse, 114 Amusement, 69 Assist, 54, 115 Beckon, 102 
 
 Accustom, 73 And, 19, 41,92, 111 Assured, 84 Becomes, 89 
 
 Aches, 91 Anger,53 At,36rem.,37rem., Bed, 77 
 
 Acquaint, 77 Annoyance, 115 4g, 77, 86, 105 Been, 23 
 
 Across, 84 Another, 57 rem., At all, 31 Before, 1, 29, 31, 55, 
 
 Acted, 33 72,73 once, 27, 59 59 rem., 60, 111 
 
 Action, 25 Answer, 95 Attacked, 43 Beg, 52, 99 
 
 Active, 2 Any, 20 rem., 57 Attention, 28 Began, 29 
 
 Actor, 4 longer, 31 Attentive, 21, 23 Begin, 52, 111 
 
 Actress, 4 Anybody, 18 Audience, 114 Behind, 46, 113 
 
 Add, 103 Anything, 20 rem. August, 94 Behoves, 89 
 
 Added, 19 Apothecary, 3 Author, 41 Believe, 23, 64 
 
 Address, 3 Apothecary's, 100 Autumn, 21 Bellow, 67. 
 
 Admired, 8 Appeared, 102 Avalanche, 56 Belt, 104 
 
 Admit, 114 Appetite, 38 Avidity, 56 Bend, 112 
 
 Adorned, 110 Applaud, 67 Avoid, 66 Bent, 22 
 
 Advance, 115 Applause, 96 Awake, 79, 82 Beside, 57 
 
 Advise, 52 Apple-tree, 30 Away, 38, 48, 66, Besides, 60 
 
 Affectionate, 21 Apply, 62, 73 10? Best, 85 
 
 Afraid, 24, 31, 64 Approach, 79 Better, 101 
 
 After, 31, 46, 50, 60 Apron, 28 Back, 51, 62, 101, Between, 3? 
 
 Again, 21, 49, 57 Arbour, 6l 109 Bill of fare, 71 
 
 rem., 74, 79, 90 Are, 10 Bad, 14 Billiards, 35 
 
 Age, 10 Arise, 97 Badly, 13 Bit, 38 
 
 Agree, 89 Arm, 46 Bake, 99 Bite, 31, 97 
 
 Aid, 33, 54, 66 Arms, 23 Baker's, 3? rem. Bitter, 98, 11 6 
 
 Air, 112 Army, 3 Ball, 36 Bitterly, 100 
 
 Alabaster.il Arrange, 49 Band, 10 Blame, 50 
 
 Alfred, 16 Arrive, 31, 103 Barber, 34 Blanket, 40 
 
 Algiers, 8 Arrived, 33 Bark, 38, 52 Blood, 53 
 
 Alive, 31 Artichoke, 98 Barometer, 82 Bloom, 68 
 
 All, 8, 60 Artillery, 102 Barrier, 90 Blotting-paper, 20 
 
 Allow, 101 As, 18, 88, 93 Bi, 5 Blow, 31 .
 
 128 ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 Blush, 66 
 .Boast 79 
 
 Carriage, 33, 42 Coat of arms. 23 
 
 Cross, 88 
 
 Do&t qg 
 
 
 1 VUJ1CC-1JUU9C. O* 
 
 Crowd, 11 
 
 Body, 10 
 
 Cart, 41 
 
 Cold; 31, 65, Q8 
 Collar, 20 
 
 Crowded, 19 
 Cry, 103 
 
 Boil, 66 
 
 Carry, 50 
 
 Colleague, 4 
 
 Cucumber, 71 
 
 Bold, 22 
 
 Casket, 36 
 
 College, 112 
 
 Cudgel, 73 
 
 Bonnet, 46 
 
 Castile, 86 
 
 Colonel, 14 
 
 Cuff, 76 
 
 Bordeaux, 55 
 
 Castle, 2 
 
 Colour, 2 
 
 Curb, 34 
 
 Born, 97 
 
 Catch cold, 1 13 
 
 Comb, 8, 108 
 
 Cure, 66 
 
 Both, 84 
 
 Cattle, 56 
 
 Come, 33, 48 
 
 Cured, 78 
 
 Bouquet, 4 
 
 Cause, 24, 82 
 
 Comedy, 44 
 
 Curtain, 4S 
 
 Box, 98 
 
 Cautious, 24 
 
 Coming, 38 
 
 Custom, 6l 
 
 Boxes 18 
 
 Cease 77 
 
 
 
 Boy, 4 
 
 Celebrated, 75,100 
 
 Commit, 92, 101 
 
 Douse, 25 
 Cut, 13, 14, 52 
 
 Brains, 123 
 
 Certain, 45 
 
 Common, 20 
 
 Cyprus, 106 
 
 Brand, 82 
 
 Certainly, 43 
 
 Companion, 43 
 
 
 Brave, 14 
 
 Chamber-maid, 2 
 
 Company, 69 
 
 Damage, 76 
 
 Bravely, 96 
 
 Champaign, 33 
 
 Competition, 100 
 
 Damp, 96 
 
 Break, 99 
 
 Change, 22, 41, 49, Complain, 80 
 
 Dance, 36, 54 
 
 down, 77 
 
 79 
 
 Complexion, 17 
 
 Danger, 7, 20 
 
 Breast, 56 
 
 Chaplet, 17 
 
 Compliment, 58 
 
 Dangerous, 21 
 
 Bridge, 44 
 
 Charge, 65, 113 
 
 Conceal, 95 
 
 Daring, 22 
 
 Brigand, '20 
 
 Charnable, 12 
 
 Conduct, 105 
 
 Dark, 22, 44 
 
 Bring, 19,50,51, 
 
 52 Charming, 92 
 
 Confess, 57 
 
 Day, 77, 113, 116 
 
 Broken, 7, 33, 93 
 
 Chastise, 54 
 
 Conquer, 97 
 
 Dead, 6 
 
 Bronze, 16 
 
 Chastised, 39 
 
 Consider, 48 
 
 Deaf, 16 
 
 Brought, 39 
 
 Cheap, 54 
 
 Consist, 86 
 
 Dear, 54 
 
 Building, 23 
 
 Cheat, 49 
 
 Contended, 100 
 
 Death, 62 
 
 Built, 23 
 
 Cherry-tree, 30 
 
 Contented, 25, 75 
 
 Debt, 36 
 
 Bud, 68 
 
 Chicken, 56 
 
 Continued, 34 
 
 Deceased, 96 
 
 Bull, 7 
 
 Chimney-sweeper, 
 
 Convenient, 6 
 
 Deceive, 99 
 
 Bunch, 6 
 
 16 
 
 Cook, 99 
 
 Deceived, 75 
 
 Burden, 40 
 
 Chin, 43 
 
 Copper, 41 
 
 December, 98 
 
 Burn, 115 
 
 Chosen, 28 
 
 Copy, 52 
 
 Decoration, 18 
 
 Bushel, 44 
 
 Christian, 28 
 
 book, 56 
 
 Deed, 25 
 
 Business, 21 
 
 Cigar, ?! 
 
 Corkscrew, 43 
 
 Defeated, 05 
 
 Busy, 15 
 
 Circle, 17 
 
 Correct, 101 
 
 Defend, 95 
 
 But still, 33 
 
 Citizen, 3 
 
 Correctly, 53 
 
 Delay, 51 
 
 Buy, 12, 54 
 
 Civil, 102 
 
 Correspondent, 41 
 
 Delicious, 106 
 
 By, 40 rem., 57 
 
 Civilized, 32 
 
 Cost, 9, 4Q 
 
 Delightful, 6, 90 
 
 the way, 48 
 
 Claret, 55 
 
 Cottage, 1 
 
 Departure, 65 
 
 this time, 59 
 
 Clean, 3, 25, 110 
 
 Cough, 67 
 
 Deplore, 54 
 
 Bye road, 25 
 
 Cleaned, 25 
 
 Count, 84 
 
 Deprived, 23 
 
 
 Clear, 57, 114 
 
 Countess, 2 
 
 Derive, 109 
 
 
 
 
 
 t^ate, i lu 
 Call, 49 
 
 up, /y 
 Clergyman, 7 
 
 Country, 21 
 
 Describe, 103 
 
 to mind, 77> 
 
 91 Cliff, 96 
 
 Countryman, 1 
 
 Description, tiO 
 
 Called, 75 
 
 Close, 58 
 
 Courage, 104 
 
 Deserve, 39, 48 
 
 Calumniate, 52 
 
 Cloth, 2 
 
 Courtesy, 37 
 
 Desire, 50, 89 
 
 Can, 113 
 
 Clothed, 75 
 
 Cover, 25 
 
 Desired, 62, 89 
 
 Candle, 106 
 
 Clothes, 25, 53 
 
 Covered, 26 
 
 Despatch, 66 
 
 Cap, 46 
 
 Cloud, 58, 6!4 
 
 Covering, 40, 45 
 
 Despise, 7 
 
 Capering, 26 
 
 Cluster, 26 
 
 Coward, 39 
 
 Despised, 45 
 
 Capon, 53 
 
 Coachman, 18 
 
 Crane, 44 
 
 Destroyed, 3 
 
 Cardinal, 2 
 
 Coals, 42 
 
 Credit, 23 
 
 Destruction, 102 
 
 Cards, 35 
 
 Coarse, 1 
 
 Cried, 41 
 
 Detest, 52, 6(j 
 
 Care, 78 
 
 Coast, 90 
 
 Crime, 98 
 
 Diabolical, 38 
 
 Caring, 21 
 
 Coat, 6 
 
 Criticised, 28 
 
 Died, 33
 
 ENGLISH INDEX. 129 
 
 Diet, 46 Earthquake, 32 Fable, 55 
 
 Foreign, 30 
 
 Difference, 37 Educate, 52 Face, 32 
 
 Foreigner, 62 
 
 Dignity, 59 Education, 25 Facing, 1J 
 
 Forest, 29 
 
 Diligence, 5 Elected, 22 Fact, 115 
 
 Foretell, 48 
 
 Direction, 111 Elegant, 6 Faction, 106 
 
 Forfeits, 35 
 
 Discharge, 52, 107 Elephant, 5 Failed, 9 
 
 Forget, 37, 79 
 
 Discontented 15,75 Elisabeth 14 Fair 14 
 
 
 Disease, 53 ' Else, 102 ' Faithful, 21 
 
 Forgive, 48 
 
 Dishes, 25 Embrace, 54 Fall, 80 
 
 Forgotten, 75, 76 
 
 Dislike, 85 Emulate, 114 Fallen. 9, 33 
 
 Form, 49 
 
 Dismiss, 84 Endowed, 37 Falsehood, 55 
 
 Former, 19 
 
 Dismount, 33, 48 Engagement, 108 Family, 21 
 
 Formerly, 41 
 
 Disobedient, 9 Enigma, 32 Fancy, 79 
 
 Forsake, 49 
 
 Disperse, 77 Enjoy, 64, 73 Far, 54, 61, 92 
 
 Fortress, 108 
 
 Disposed, 15 Enjoyment, 14, 21 Fashion, 2 
 
 Fortune, 69 
 
 Dissatisfied, 15 Ennui, 23 Fat, 86 
 
 Forward. Ill 
 
 Dissipated, CO Enough, 15, 70, 89 Fatigue, 23 
 
 Found, 75, 9? 
 
 Dissolute, 55 Enrich, 73 Fault, 13, 50 
 
 Fowl, 56 
 
 Dissolve, 107 Entangled, 63 Favour, 70 
 
 Fox, 1 
 
 Distance, 1. 92 Enter, 48 Fear, 64 
 
 Fragrance, 9 
 
 Distressed, 101 Entire, 32 Fed, 75 
 
 Frederick, 78 
 
 Distribute, 67 Environ, 62 Feel, 13, 66 
 
 Freeze, 81 
 
 Disturbance, 78 Equal, 86 Fellow, 16, 30 
 
 Frequent, 1 
 
 Divide, 99 Erect, 22, 106 Feminine, 39 
 
 Freshness, 10 
 
 Do, 19, 24, 31, 82 Ermine, 94 Ferdinand, 14 
 
 Friendship 65 
 
 up one's hair, Err, 80 Fertile, 44 
 
 Frighten, 76 
 
 108 Error, 86 Fever, 116 
 
 From, 38 rem. 
 
 Docility, 108 Establish, 73 Few, 51 
 
 Front, 17, 102 
 
 Domestic, 1 Esteem, 40, 111 Fewer, 9* 
 
 Frost, 74 
 
 Door, 11 Even, 3, 51 Field, 76 
 
 Frosty, 33 
 
 Door key, 10 rem. Evening, 74 Fight, 72, 104 
 
 Fruit, 29 
 
 Doubt, 24 Ever, 27 Fill, 101 
 
 Frying-pan, 33 
 
 Down, 33, 77,78, 79, Everyone, 8, 58 Find, 49, SO 
 
 Fulfil, 94 
 
 92, 95 Everything, 32 Fine, 2, 13 
 
 Full, 15 
 
 Drag, 109 Everywhere, 28 Finger, 12 
 
 Furiously, 71 
 
 Draw, 48. 99, 109 Exactly, 35, 78 Finish, 32 
 
 Further, 44 
 
 Drawer, 5 Examination, 100 Fire, 18, 115 
 
 Future, 88 
 
 Drawers, 28 Examined, 28 Firing, 113 
 
 
 Drawn, 26 Exceedingly, 22 First, 60, 90 
 
 Gain, 97 
 
 Dress, 18, 73, 92 Excellency, 90 Fish, 11 
 
 Gained, 12 
 
 Drink, 31, 107 Except, 38 Fish-pond, 17 
 
 Game, 12, 34 
 
 Drizzle, 81 Excessively, 22 Fit, 110, 111 
 
 Garland, 44 
 
 Droop, 67 Excuse, 48, 73, 100 Fixed, 94 
 
 Garrison, 96 
 
 Dry, 15 Execute, 67 Flake, 74 
 
 Gather, 107 
 
 Duchess, 37 Exhausted, 20 Flash, 74 
 
 Gem, 111 
 
 Dumb, 16 Expect, 49 Flatter, 73 
 
 General, 11 
 
 During, 45 Expense, 9 Flattered, 51 
 
 Genoa, 14 
 
 Dust, 24, 58 Experience, 11 Flattery, 51 
 
 Gentle, 1 
 
 Dusty, 46 Explained, 75 Flow, 99 
 
 Gentleman, 76 
 
 Duty, 90 Expose, 109 Flows, 7 
 
 Gently, 88 
 
 Dwell, 54 Exposed, 11 Flute, 36 
 
 Get, 33, 64, 77, 79, 
 
 Dying, 62 Extend, 110 Folly, 61 
 
 95, 105 
 
 Extensive, 21 Fond of, 50 
 
 up, 77, 79 
 
 Each, 58 Extinguish, 59, 103 Fool, 91 
 
 better, 101 
 
 other, 72 Extinguished, 18 Foot, 8 
 
 Girl, 4 
 
 Ear, 10 Extraordinary, 17 Footpath, 96 
 
 Give, 19, 62, 67, 82, 
 
 Ear-ring, 4 Extremely, 12 For, 1, 39 rem., 
 
 46, 115 
 
 Early, 36 Eye of a needle, 9 50, 54, 89 
 
 back, 95
 
 130 ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 Gives, 1 1 1 
 
 Hay, 76 
 
 Impervious, 42 
 
 Kind, 25, 7 
 
 Glad, 1, 75 
 
 He who, 115 
 
 Import, 89 
 
 Knavish, 116 
 
 Glass, 58 
 
 Head, 40, 91 
 
 Importance, 89 
 
 Knocking, 93 
 
 Glory, 12, 58 
 
 Health, 46 
 
 Impracticable, 110 
 
 Knocks, 93 
 
 Go, 10, 35, 36, 6! 
 
 !, Healthy, 15 
 
 Imprudently, 115 
 
 Know, 19, 35, 97 
 
 77,79,95,111 
 
 Hear, 66, 95 
 
 In, 17, 34 rem., 43 
 
 Knowest, 32 
 
 away, 70, 113 
 
 Heard, 31,92 
 
 rem., 48, 74, 76, Known, 42 
 
 off, 57 
 
 Heart, 5,21 
 
 106, 111 
 
 
 out, 68 
 
 Heartily, 96 
 
 fact, 115 
 
 La Vendee, 102 
 
 to, 70 
 
 Heat, 56, 88 
 
 future, 88 
 
 Lace, 10 
 
 up, 95 
 
 Heavily, 82 
 
 Inattentive, 27 
 
 Lady, 39 
 
 Goat, 7, 76 
 
 Heavy, 40, 76, 116 
 
 Increase, 97 
 
 Lake, 11 
 
 God, 57 
 
 Height, 102 
 
 Incrusted, 110 
 
 Lamb, 1 
 
 Going, 10, 31 
 
 Help, 54 
 
 Independence, 108 
 
 Leave, 32, 52, 70 
 
 Gone, 33, 62 
 
 Hen, 16 
 
 Indication, 43 
 
 Leech, 116 
 
 Good, 21, 92 
 
 Henceforward, 82 
 
 Indigence, 88 
 
 Left, 33 
 
 >-for nothing, 
 
 39 Her, 11 rem., 13 
 
 Indolent, 39 
 
 Leg, 56 
 
 Goods, 54. 69 
 
 rem. 
 
 Industrious, 2 
 
 Lengthen, 97 
 
 Grace, 33 
 
 Here, 41 
 
 Inevitable, 102 
 
 Let, 5, 34, 49 rem.. 
 
 Grenadier, 71 
 
 Hero, 51 
 
 Infirmity, 20 
 
 52, 102 
 
 Grant, 49 
 
 Herself, 7, 72 
 
 Inherit, 88 
 
 Library, 42 
 
 Grapes, 26 
 
 Hide, 95 
 
 Ink-stand, 35 
 
 Lie, 48, 66, 67, 77 
 
 Greatest, 104 
 
 Hideous, 42 
 
 Inlaid, 110 
 
 Lift up, 94, 112 
 
 Greens, 16 
 
 High, 48, 77 
 
 Inn, 45 
 
 Light, 1,11,95,115 
 
 Grief, 15, 94 
 
 Hill, 34 
 
 Innkeeper, 10 
 
 Lighten, 81 
 
 Grieved, 27 
 
 Him, 100 
 
 Inquire, 50, 77 
 
 Lightning, 74 
 
 Grieves, 9! 
 
 Himself, 15,72, 105 Inquired, 19 
 
 Like, 6, 23, 50, 51, 
 
 Ground, 9, 112 
 
 H is, 1 1 rem., 13 rem. 
 
 Instant, 65 
 
 85 
 
 Grove, 17 
 
 Holiday, 4 
 
 Instructive, 3 
 
 Liked, 40 
 
 Grow, 19, 97 
 
 Holy, 24 
 
 Insult, 48 
 
 Likely, 22, 6l 
 
 Guarantee, 108 
 
 Home, 17 rem. 
 
 Integrity, 108 
 
 Liking, 1 
 
 Guard, 49 
 
 Honest, 40, 88 
 
 Intention, 59 
 
 Lime, 41 
 
 Guess, 13 
 
 Honour, 116 
 
 Interior, 111 
 
 Linden-tree, 74 
 
 Guidance, 60 
 
 Hope, 49 
 
 Into, 34 rem. 
 
 Linen, ], S3 
 
 Guinea, 51 
 
 Hoped, 89 
 
 Intreat, 52 
 
 Lion, 5 
 
 Guitar, 36 
 
 Horseback, 112 
 
 Intrepid, 58 
 
 Lioness, 5 
 
 Gun, 112 
 
 Hosier, 37 rem. 
 
 Intrigue, 33 
 
 Listen, 48 
 
 
 Hot, 31 
 
 Invite, 84 
 
 Litigate, 55 
 
 Habit, 42, 82 
 
 H ouse-door, 10 rem. 
 
 Iron, 10 
 
 Little, 16 38, 80 
 
 Had, 23 
 
 How many, 7 
 
 Is, 1, 15, 29 rem., 
 
 Live, 5, 54 
 
 Hail, 76, 81 
 
 However, 15 
 
 35 rem., 89, 93 
 
 Lively, 14 
 
 Hair, 9 
 
 Humane, 24 
 
 Issue, 62 
 
 Loan, 29 
 
 Half, 45 
 
 Hungry, 31 
 
 It, 1, 15, 33, 89, "93 
 
 Lodge, 54 
 
 Ham, 53 
 
 Hunting, 18 
 
 Its, 11 rem. 13 rem. 
 
 Lodging, 45 
 
 Hamper, 16 
 
 Hurry, 31 
 
 Itself, 3, 7, 72 
 
 Lombardy, 35 
 
 Hand, 53 rem. 
 
 Hurt, 99 
 
 
 Long, 31, 62, 105 
 
 Happen, 19, 89 
 
 Husband, 77 
 
 .Lames, 4 
 
 Longer, 3, 31 
 
 Happened, 19 
 
 Hut, 1 
 
 Jelly, 71 
 
 Look, 48, 49, 73,115 
 
 Happily, 106 
 
 Hyacinth, 7 
 
 Joy, 26, 41 
 
 Looking, J9 
 
 Happiness, 88 
 
 
 Judge, 25, 114 
 
 Lose, 15, 64, 73 
 
 Harness, 63 
 
 Idle, 24, 39 
 
 Juicy, 13 
 
 Loss, 8 
 
 Harp, 51 
 
 If, 6 
 
 Just, 90 
 
 Lost, 33 
 
 Haste, 78 
 
 111, 13 
 
 now. 15, 33 
 
 Loud, 104 
 
 Hasten, 80 
 
 doing, 55 
 
 
 Louis d'or, 6 
 
 Hate, 52 
 
 Illness, 53 
 
 Kept, 105 
 
 Love, 5, 50 
 
 Have, 15, 31 rem., Illustrious, 100 
 
 Key, 4 
 
 Loved, 40 
 
 33, 87 rem. 
 
 Immediately, 51,78 Kill, 105 
 
 Lover, 43 
 
 Having, 23 
 
 Impatience, 94 
 
 Killed, 31 
 
 Low, 48
 
 ENGLISH INDEX* 131 
 
 Lunch, 55 Modesty, 74 Nobility, 20 Ostrich, 65 
 
 Luncheon, 43 Monday, 114 Noise, 78 Other, 72 
 
 More, 23, 31, 67 None, 20 rem. Others, 69 
 
 Maccheroni, 84 rem. now, 20 rem. Otherwise, 62 
 
 Mad, 94 Morning, 43, 63, 74 Nonsense, fig Ought, 27, 31 rem. 
 
 Madam, 27 Most, 14, 95 Noon, 35 87,93 
 
 Made, 33 Mother of pearl, 111 Nor, 58 Ounce, 32 
 
 Magnificent, 11 Motive, 24 Nose, 14 Our, 11 rem., 13 
 
 Make, 19, 78, 79 Mount Etna, 5 Not, 122 rem. 
 
 Mamma, 11 Mount Vesuvius, 8 any, 20 rem. Ourselves, 72 
 
 Man, 16 Mountain, 5, 34 anything, 20 Out, 1, 2, 18, 33, 
 
 Manner, 53 Mouth, 3 rem. 95, 99 
 
 Manners, 39 Move, 48, 99 now, 20 rem. Over, 13, 23, 99 
 
 Many, 7 Much, 16, 23, 54, Nothing, 20 rem. Overcast, 79 
 
 Marble, 110 65,105 Novel, 61 Overdone, 86 
 
 Marchioness, 2 Muddy, 77 Now, 1, 20 rem. Overheat, 73 
 
 Margin, 44 Multitude, 44 33, 59 rem. Overwhelmed, 59 
 
 Market, 43 Mule, 6 Number, 44 Own, 106 
 
 Marquis, 2 Music, 51 
 
 Married, 18, 77 Musket, 113 Obey, 68 Pace, 96 
 
 Marshal, 9 Must, 31 rem., 87, Object, 46 Pain, 7 
 
 Masculine, 39 93 Oblige, 70 Paint, 103 
 
 Mask, 41 My, 6, 11 rem., 13 Obliged, 1, 87 Painted, 23 
 
 Master-piece, 102 rem. Observed, 22 Painter, 2 
 
 Match, 102 Myself, 27, 53, 72 Obstinate, 9 Painting, 1, 12, !00 
 
 Mattress, 4 O'clock, 35 rem. Palace, 1 
 
 May,27, 37,53 rem, Nail, 14 Occasion, 82 Papa, 56 
 
 60, 100 Name, 43, 49 Occasionally, 51 Papacy, 63 
 
 Me, 89 Named, 31, 75 Occurs, 89/91 Paper-knife, 55 
 
 Meadow, 16 Nation, 3 Of, 1, 17, 31, 35, Pardon, 48, 100 
 
 Meagre, 46 National, 92 44 rem., 64, 79, 89 Pardoned, 75 
 
 Means, 22 Nature, 18 address, 3 Parent, 23 
 
 Measure, 38 Natural, 46 Off, 113 Parliament, 43 
 
 Medicine, 96 Naturalist, 60 Offend, 95 Part, 70 
 
 Meerschaum, 4 Naughty, 69 Offended, 27 Partial, 85 
 
 Meet, 48, 49, 79 Near, 57 Offer, 69 Pass, 35, 42 
 
 Melon, 71 Nearer, /9 Officer, 27, 55 Passed, 33 
 
 Melt, 80 Necklace, 4 Often, 76 Passing, 30 
 
 Member, 45 Necessary, 87, 91 Olympic, 62 Past, 25, 35 remi 
 
 Memory, 92 Necessit}', 28 On, 40 rem., 115 Paste, 77 
 
 Mended, 17 Need, 28 Once, 27, 59 Patch, 77 
 
 Merchandise, 54 Needle, 8 One, 27, 58, 93 Patience, 40 
 
 Merit, 48, 74 Neighbour. 55- another, /2 Patient, 94 
 
 Midday, 35 Neighbourhood, 59, One's own, 106 Pay, 52, 54, 88 
 
 Midnight, 36 92 self, 15, 72 Peacock, 10 
 
 Might, 29 Neither, 58 Only, 19 Peahen, 10 
 
 Mild, 79 Nero, 17 Open, 49, 55 rem. Peasant, 25 
 
 Mile, 110 Never, 9, 20 rem 90 Peck, 65 
 
 Milk, 41 30 Opened, 90 Pencil, 102 
 
 Mind, 23, 60, 91 Nevertheless, 15 Ope^a', 18 Pension, 59 
 
 Mischance, 23 News, 18, 77 Operative, 13 People, 11, 39, 40 
 
 Miser, 17 Newsman, 61 Opinion, 26, 41 Perfectly, 53 
 
 Mishap, 23 Newspaper, 17 Opportunity, 22 Perform, 101 
 
 Miss, 7 Next, 38 Oppose, 31, 109 Perhaps. 82 
 
 Mistake, 13 Ninepins, 35 Oppression, 39 Perish, 68 
 
 Mistaken, 75 No, 86 Orange, 45 Perished, 33 
 
 Mix, 49 longer, 3 Orchestra, 16 Permission, 57 
 
 Moderate, 24 Noble. 3 Order, 1, 50, 98 Permit, 101
 
 132 ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 Person, 18, SO 
 
 Preserve, 19, 108 
 
 Ray, 42 
 
 Ring, 50 
 
 Peter, 24 
 
 Pretended, 29 
 
 Reach, 31, 60 
 
 Rise, 77 
 
 Philosopher, 12 
 
 Pretty, 1, 61 
 
 Read, 101 
 
 River, 3 
 
 Physiognomy, 42 
 
 Price, 12, 94 
 
 Readiness, 20 
 
 Road, 20 
 
 Piano, 36 
 
 Prince, 27 
 
 Ready, 17, 36 
 
 Roar, 66 
 
 Picture, 12 
 
 Princess, 27 
 
 Reason, 20 
 
 Roast, 104 
 
 Pie, 71 
 
 Principal, 90 
 
 Rebuke, 50 
 
 Robe, 92 
 
 Piece, 92 
 
 Prisoner, 53 
 
 Receive, 64, 107 
 
 Roof, 41 
 
 Pigeon, 16 
 
 Privacy, 98 
 
 Reckoning, 46 
 
 Round, 17, 98,101 
 
 Pillar, 110 
 
 Prize, 28 
 
 Recognise, 13, 97 
 
 Ruffian, 30 
 
 Pin, 41 
 
 Produce, 105 
 
 Recognised, 90 
 
 Rule, 101 
 
 Pine, 67 
 
 Produced, 26 
 
 Recoil, 112 
 
 Ruler, 55 
 
 Pipe, 4 
 
 Profession, 60 
 
 Recollect, 77 
 
 Run, 66 
 
 Pistol, 53 
 
 Profit, 86 
 
 Recommend, 73,8' 
 
 I Rural, 1 
 
 Pit, 18 
 
 Progress, 116 
 
 Recover, 101 
 
 
 Pity, 31, 68 
 
 Project, 43 
 
 Red, 13, 60 
 
 Sad, 61 
 
 Place, 9, 74 
 
 Promotion, 22 
 
 Reduce, 105 
 
 Safety, 104 
 
 Plant, 30 
 
 Prompter, 35 
 
 Regret, 91 
 
 Said, 29, 93 
 
 Plantation, 17 
 
 Promptly, 71 
 
 Rejoice, 64, 77 
 
 Sail, 42 
 
 Plate, 43 
 
 Pronounce, 52 
 
 Relate, 55 
 
 Saint, 24 
 
 Play, 12, 18, 44,50 
 
 , Proof, 62 
 
 Relation, 22 
 
 Salmon, 96 
 
 77 
 
 Property, 98 
 
 Religion, 5 
 
 Salutation, 18 
 
 Playing, 12 
 
 Propose, 109 
 
 Rely, 80 
 
 Salute, 116 
 
 Pleasant, 31 
 
 Proposed, 37 
 
 Remain, 48 
 
 Saluted, 19 
 
 pleasantly, 12 
 
 Prosper, 5 
 
 Render, 62. 73, 95 
 
 Same, 3 
 
 please, 53rem., 85 
 
 Protected, 106 
 
 Renowned, 21 
 
 Satisfaction, 30 
 
 pleased, 85 
 
 Proud, 26 
 
 Repeat, 64 
 
 Sausage, 71 
 
 pleasure, 80, 92 
 
 Public, 100 
 
 Repeatedly, 45 
 
 Saved, 104 
 
 plunged, 27 
 
 Publish, 49 
 
 Repertory, 84 
 
 Savoury, 5 
 
 Point of death, 62 
 
 Puddle, 106 
 
 Replied, 19 
 
 Saw, 37 
 
 Poker, 76 
 
 Pumpkin, 71 
 
 Reply, 74, 95, 103 
 
 Say, 24, 93, 95 
 
 Polished, 3 
 
 Punish, 68 
 
 Repose, 48 
 
 Scar, 82, 84 
 
 Poltroon, 37 
 
 Punster, 16 
 
 Represent, 49 
 
 Scarcely, 78 
 
 Pope, 22, 65 
 
 Purchase, 12 
 
 Representing, 17 
 
 School-fellow, 56 
 
 Popedom, 22 
 
 Purity, 39 
 
 Reproach, 50, 108 
 
 Scissors, 46 
 
 Poplar- tree, 11 
 
 Pure, 13 
 
 Republican, 65 
 
 Scold, 50 
 
 Populace, 12 
 
 Pursue, 67 
 
 Request, 50 
 
 Scour, 110 
 
 Pork, 53 
 
 Push, 103 
 
 Requested, 27 
 
 Scratched, 13 
 
 Possess, 84 
 
 Put, 19, 31, 43,58, 
 
 Require, 31, 50 
 
 Scrupulous, 54 
 
 Possible, 20 
 
 101, 109 
 
 Requisite, 105 
 
 Sculptor, 5 
 
 Post. 96 
 
 out, 75 
 
 Resembling, 17 
 
 Sea, 32. 90 
 
 Potato, 58, 106 
 
 
 Resolution, 40 
 
 Search, 28 
 
 Pound, 6 
 
 Quality, 2 
 
 Respect, 69, 116 
 
 Season, 113 
 
 Pour, 81 
 
 Quantity, 45 
 
 Respected, 5 
 
 Secretly, 63 
 
 Power, 86 
 
 Question, 37 
 
 Pest. 25, 48, 73, 84 
 
 [ Secure. 104 
 
 Powerful, 32 
 
 Quiet, 44 
 
 Restoration, 48 
 
 See, 21, 33, 63, 71 
 
 Practise, 40, 73 
 
 Quit, 70 
 
 Retire, 79 
 
 100, 102, 111 
 
 Praise, 48 
 
 Quite, 32, 53 
 
 Return, 33, 49 
 
 Seeing, 63 
 
 Praiseworthy, 45 
 
 
 Returned, 60 
 
 Seem, 83, 89 
 
 Pray ! 19, 53 rem. 
 
 Rabbit, 16 
 
 Review, 82 
 
 Seen, 19, 93 
 
 Precipice, 116 
 
 Rain, 81 
 
 Reward, as, 57 
 
 Sell, 64, 80 
 
 Precisely, 78 
 
 Rapacious, 1 
 
 Rheumatism, 61 
 
 Senate, 106 
 
 Prefer, C7, 85 
 
 Rarely, 15 
 
 Ribbon, 14 
 
 Send, 22, 54 
 
 Preference, 53 
 
 Rat, 94 
 
 Rice, 38 
 
 Sensible, 7 
 
 Prepare, 49 
 
 Rate, 96 
 
 Riches, 12 
 
 Sergeant, 112 
 
 Prescribe, 101 
 
 Rather, 3, 58 
 
 Ride, 54 
 
 Serious, 13 
 
 Prescription, 88 
 
 Ravenous, 1 
 
 Kidicule, 52, 67 
 
 Serve, 66 
 
 Present, 31, 77 
 
 Raw, 14 
 
 Right, 31, 00 
 
 Session, 48
 
 ENGLISH INDKX. 133 
 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 Set, US 
 
 Softness, 34 
 
 Storm, "4, 76 
 
 Think, 23, 24, 31, 
 
 Si'utonius, 111 
 
 Soil, 56 
 
 Stormy, 15 
 
 58, 64, 73", 73, 
 
 Several, 100 
 
 Soiled, 18 
 
 Straighten, 1 14 
 
 83 
 
 Severe, 13 
 
 Solve, 107 
 Some 86 
 
 Straw, 51 
 
 Thinks, 27, 93 
 Third 1 
 
 Sextus, 29 
 
 one, 29, 98 
 
 Strawberry, 28 
 
 Thirst, 5 
 
 Shade, 51 
 
 Somebody, 93 
 
 Stretch, 1 
 
 Thirsty, 31 
 
 Shadow, 5t 
 
 Something, 112 
 
 Stretched, 48 
 
 Thorn, 11 
 
 Share, 99 
 
 Sometimes, 39 
 
 Strewn, 7 
 
 Though, 9 
 
 Sheep, 8 
 
 Somewhat, 86 
 
 Strike, 50, 68 
 
 Thought, 35, 75, 93 
 
 Shell, 11 
 
 Soon, 36, 78 
 
 Struck. 35 
 
 Thousand, 9 
 
 Shine, 64 
 
 Sorry, 85, 91 
 
 Study, 69 
 
 Thread, 10 
 
 Ship, 34 
 
 Soul, 60 
 
 Stupidity, 45 
 
 To, 23, 34 rem., 35 
 
 Shoot, 57 
 
 Soundly, 39 
 
 Subject, 32 
 
 rem., 37 rem., 67, 
 
 Short, 88 
 
 Sour, 32 
 
 Such, 29, 106 
 
 70 
 
 Shorten, 48 
 
 Sourish, 46 
 
 Suffer, 35 
 
 Tobacco, 42 
 
 Should, 19,31 rem., 
 
 Sovereign, 3 
 
 Suffered, 21 
 
 Together, it) 
 
 87, 93 
 
 like 3 
 
 Spade, 43 
 
 Suffocate, 41 rem. 
 
 Toil, 15 
 
 T A M "7 fir! 
 
 Shower, 1, 76, 82 
 
 Speak, 48 
 
 Summoned, 31 
 
 uui, o/, yo 
 
 Toll, 90 
 
 Shows, 37 
 
 Speaks, 93 
 
 Sup, 49 
 
 To-morrow, 63 
 
 Shun, 66 
 
 Spear, 25 
 
 Suppose, 109 
 
 To-night, 69 
 
 Shut, 97 
 
 Species, 25 
 
 Supposing, 29 
 
 Tone, 48 
 
 Shutting, 90 
 
 Spectacles, 13 
 
 Surround, 62 
 
 Too little, 16 
 
 Side, 36 
 
 Speech, 45 
 
 Suspected, 26 
 
 much, 16, 54, 
 
 Signifies, 89 
 
 Speed, 40 
 
 Swallow, 67 
 
 65 
 
 Similar, 51 
 
 Spend, 95 
 
 Sweetly, 33 
 
 Tooth, 24 
 
 Simple, 23 
 
 Spinach, 57 
 
 Sweetness, 45 rem. 
 
 powder. 34 
 
 Since, 25, 46 
 
 Spirit, 23 
 
 Symphony, 84 
 
 Torment, 54 
 
 Sincerely, 95 
 
 Splendid, 16 
 
 
 Tormented, 5 
 
 Sing, 48 
 
 Spoiled, 1 
 
 Tact, 37 
 
 Torn, 5 
 
 Singer, 2 
 
 Spoken. 93 
 
 Tail, 25 
 
 up, 38 
 
 Sit down, 40 
 
 Sport, 50 
 
 Take, 21,50.51. 52, 
 
 Torrent, 38, 74 
 
 up, 82 
 
 Spot, 28 
 
 80, 95, 105, 107 
 
 Touch, 59, 89 
 
 Situation, 28 
 
 Spread, 95 
 
 care, 31, 48, Tower, 1 
 
 Size, 17 
 
 Square, 74 
 
 78 
 
 Trade, 21, 74 
 
 Sketch, 108 
 
 Squeeze, 103 
 
 Talk, 48 
 
 Translate, 105 
 
 Slate, 41 
 
 St. Denis, 92 
 
 Tall, 44 
 
 Translation, 78 
 
 Slavery, 108 
 
 Stairs, 60 
 
 Tame, 1 
 
 Travel, 109, 114 
 
 Sleep, 53 
 
 Stand by, 104 
 
 Tavern, 34 
 
 Tremble, 65 
 
 Sleepy, 31 
 
 Standing, 40 
 
 Tear, 48 
 
 Trial, 15 
 
 Sleeve, 82 
 
 Starched, '23 
 
 Tell, 5, 55 
 
 Trip, 40 
 
 Slice, 71 
 
 Start, 70 
 
 Temperature, 13 
 
 Troops, 65 
 
 Slip, 64 
 
 State, 113 
 
 Tempest, 20 
 
 Trouble, 21,62 
 
 Slowly, 114 
 
 Statue, 4 
 
 Than, 35 
 
 Tron sers, 6 
 
 Smell, 9 
 
 Statuette, 4 
 
 Thank, 57, 95 
 
 Trust, 73, 1 06 
 
 Smiling. 30 
 
 Siay, 48 
 
 That, 1, 98 
 
 Try, 49 
 
 Smoke, 49 
 
 Stayed, 33 
 
 Thaw, 81 
 
 Tunny, 44 
 
 Sneeze, 19 
 
 Steadv, 18 
 
 Their, 11 rem., 13 
 
 Turin, 6 
 
 Snow, 65, 81 
 
 Step. "33 
 
 rem. 
 
 Turn, 101 
 
 Snuff, 49 
 
 Stick, 6 
 
 Themselves. 72 
 
 out. 9 
 
 So, 27 
 
 Stifle, 116 
 
 Then, 26, 60 
 
 Twice, 32 
 
 far, 54 
 
 Still. 33 
 
 There, 29 rem., 37, 
 
 
 long, 31 
 
 Stocking, 4 
 
 41 
 
 Uncertain, 45 
 
 much as, 105 
 
 Stomach, 8 
 
 Thev, 93 
 
 Under, 25, 3 
 
 that, Q8 
 
 Stood, 7 
 
 Thick, 98 
 
 Undergone, 21 
 
 Sober, 18 
 
 Stop, 78 
 
 Thimhle,.9 
 
 Understand, 68, 95 
 
 .-vjta, 65 
 
 Stopped, 92 
 
 Tuin, 16 
 
 Understood, 93 
 
 
 
 
 N
 
 134 ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 Undertake, 48 
 
 Violence, 113 
 
 Welcome, 58 
 
 Without, 33 
 
 Undress. 73 
 
 Violet, 63 
 
 Welfare, 9, 21 
 
 Won, ]-i 
 
 Unhappy, 61 
 
 Violin, 36 
 
 Well, 61 
 
 Wonder, 79 
 
 Universal, 96 
 
 Virtuous, 5 
 
 Went, 29, 37, 61 
 
 Wood. 42 
 
 Unloaded, 41 
 
 Visit, 21,28, 86, 111 
 
 Were, 11, 40 
 
 Word, 53 
 
 Up, 33, 49, 73, 77, 
 
 Voice, 10 
 
 What, 31, 60, 77 
 
 Work. 18 
 
 97 
 
 
 Whatever, 60 
 
 World, 3 
 
 Upon, 80 
 
 Wafer, 34 
 
 Whence, 59 
 
 Worship, 48 
 
 Upright, 22, 40 
 
 Wages, 42 
 
 Whereupon, 26 
 
 Worst, 14 
 
 Use, 79 
 
 Wait, 31 
 
 Whether, 6 
 
 Worth, 12 
 
 Uselessly, 15 
 
 Waiting-room, 34 
 
 Which, 19, 30 
 
 Would, 31, 109 
 
 Usual, 61 
 
 Walk, 24, 52 
 
 Whilst, 20 
 
 Wound, 68 
 
 
 Walnut, 10 
 
 Whispered, 13 
 
 Wounded, 14 
 
 Vain 110 
 
 
 Whole 32 
 
 Wrap 73 
 
 Valiant, 14, 59 
 
 Want, 31,50, 91 
 
 Whom', 19, 30 
 
 Wren, 104 
 
 Vanquished, 28 
 
 War, 8 
 
 Widow, 8 
 
 Wretchedness, 21 
 
 Vault, 45 
 
 Warlike, 8 
 
 Wild beast, 17 
 
 Wristband, 20 
 
 Veal, 104 
 
 Warm, 31 
 
 Wilderness, 1 
 
 Write, 101 
 
 Vein, 53 
 
 Warmly, 113 
 
 Will, 42, 77 
 
 Writing, 44 
 
 Vendean, 105 
 
 Warmth, 56 
 
 Willingly, 38 
 
 Wrong, 31, 86 
 
 Venture, 79 
 
 Was, 3, 7, 29, 33, 
 
 Win, 97 
 
 
 Vermicelli, 78 
 
 37,93 
 
 Wind, 36 
 
 Xeuxis, 63 
 
 Very, 3, 32, 36, 54, 
 
 Wash, 73 
 
 Window, 46 
 
 
 59 rem., 76 
 
 Watchful, 14 
 
 Wine, 60 
 
 Yard, 46 
 
 good! 102 
 
 Water, 49 
 
 Wing, 56 
 
 Yard-measure, 36 
 
 Vespasius, 28 
 
 Waver, 99 
 
 Winter, 76 
 
 Yawn, 54 
 
 Vest, 6 
 
 Way, 20, 92 
 
 Wise, 31 
 
 Yellow, 6 
 
 Vesuvius, 8 
 
 We, 27 
 
 Wish. 13.23,48,50 
 
 Yet, 59 rem., 92 
 
 Vexes, 91 
 
 Weak, 19 
 
 Wit, 16, 23 
 
 Yield, 64 
 
 Victorious, 65 
 
 Wealth, 12 
 
 With, 31, 41 rem., 
 
 You, 16 rem. 
 
 Victuals, 25 
 
 Weapon, 112 
 
 50,70, 72, 77,81, 
 
 Young lady, 7 
 
 View, 94 
 
 Wear, 50 
 
 100, 105 
 
 Your, 1 1 rem., 13 
 
 Vigorously, 106 
 
 Weather, 33 
 
 Withdraw, 109 
 
 rem. 
 
 Vine, 17 
 
 Weight, 40 
 
 Within, 60 
 
 Yourselves, "2 
 
 ITALIAN INDEX. 
 
 The Numbers refer to the Exercises, not to the Pages. 
 
 A, 34 rem., 36, 39, A, mente, 21 Abborrire, 66 Accenrlere, 95 
 
 40,43 momento, 51 Abhracciare. 51 Accoghere, 107 
 
 casa, 43 rem. proposito, 48 Abbreviare, 48 Accomodari, 77 
 
 cavallo, 112 traverse, 84 Abbruciare, 115 AccompaKnare, 54 
 
 ciel dirotto, 76 Abbandonare, 49 Abitare, 54 Accordare, 49 
 
 coperta, 25 Abbandonarsi, 73 Abitudine, 43 Accorre, 107 
 
 diluvio, 74 Abbaiare, 52J Accade, 89 Accnstare, 115 
 
 fuoco, 113 Abliassare, 28 Accadere. 9 Accusare, 114 
 
 furi, 71 Abbaatanza, 15 Accenare, 102 Adacquare, 49
 
 ITALIAN INDEX. 
 
 Addomesticato, 1 
 
 Andare a ritrovare 
 
 , Autunno, 21 
 
 Benche, 9 
 
 Addornientarsi, 80 
 
 111 
 
 Avauli, 111 
 
 Benessere, 9 
 
 Adempire, 94 
 
 Andate, 10 
 
 Avaro, 17 
 
 Beuino, 6l 
 
 Adesso, 15 
 
 Andato, 62 
 
 Avere, 15 
 
 Bensi, 43 
 
 Adorare, 48 
 
 Andava, 29 
 
 Aver bisogno, 31 
 
 Bentosto, 36 
 
 Adulato, 51 
 
 Audiamo, 35 
 
 caldo, 31 
 
 Bere, 107 
 
 Adulazione, 51 
 
 Andremo, 36 
 
 compassione, 
 
 Betula. 6 
 
 Affanuare, 62 
 
 An<iro, 35 
 
 31 
 
 Bevere. 107 
 
 Affezionato, 2! 
 
 Aniina, 60 
 
 cura, 31 
 
 Bevete, 31 
 
 Affliggersi, 101 
 
 Annientamento, 
 
 da, 31 
 
 Biasimare, 50 
 
 Afflissero, 27 
 
 102 
 
 fame, 31 
 
 Biblioteca, 42 
 
 Affolato, 19 
 
 Annuvolarsi, 79 
 
 freddo, 31 
 
 Bigliardo, 35 
 
 Aggiun;;ere, 103 
 
 Aperto, 90 
 
 fretta, 31 
 
 Biondo, 14 
 
 Aggiunse, 19 
 
 Appena, 78 
 
 giudizio, 31 
 
 Birilli,35 
 
 Aggradevolmente, 
 
 Appebito, 38 
 
 nome da, 31 
 
 Bisogna, 87 
 
 12 
 
 Applaudire, 67 
 
 paura, 31 
 
 Bisognare, 87 
 
 Agnello, 1 
 
 Applause, 96 
 
 piii affare, 31 
 
 Bisogno, 28 
 
 Ago, 8 
 
 Applicare, 62 
 
 ragione, 31 
 
 Bocca, 3 
 
 Agonia, 62 
 
 Applicarsi, 73 
 
 sete, 31 
 
 Bollare, 82 
 
 Agosto, 94 
 
 Appuntii, 33 
 
 son no, 31 
 
 Bord6, 55 
 
 Agretto, 46 
 
 Aprire. 90 
 
 torto, 31 
 
 Borghese, 3 
 
 Aj ut are. 54 
 
 Archibuso, 112 
 
 vergogna, 3 1 
 
 Boschereccio, 29 
 
 Ajuto, 33 
 
 Ardito, 22 
 
 vita, 31 
 
 Boschetto, 17 
 
 Al coperto, 25 
 
 Argozie, 69 
 
 voluto, 31 
 
 Bramare, 50 
 
 Ala, 56 
 
 Aria, 112 
 
 Avidit^, 56 
 
 Wavura, 104 
 
 Alahastro, 11 
 
 Arinuta. 65 
 
 Avvenire, 89 
 
 Breve, 88 
 
 Alcuni (e), 51 
 
 Arme, 112 
 
 Avvertire, G6 
 
 Brigante, 20 
 
 Alcuno, 29 
 
 Armenti, 56 
 
 Avvezzarsi, 73 
 
 Bronzo, 16 
 
 Alfredo, 16 
 
 Armi, 23 
 
 Avvicinarsi, 79 
 
 Buon' ora, 36 
 
 Algiera, 8 
 
 Arpa, 51 
 
 Avviene, 89 
 
 Buon mattino, 43 
 
 Alia portata, 60 
 
 Arrestare, 104 
 
 Azione, 25 
 
 mercato, 5i 
 
 All' intorno, 17 
 
 Arrichirsi, 73 
 
 
 Burrone, 96 
 
 All' ordine, 17 
 
 Arrischiarsi, 79 
 
 Babbo, 56 
 
 
 Alquanto, 86 
 
 Arrivare, 31 
 
 Badare, 48 
 
 Caccia, 18 
 
 Altrimenti, 62 
 
 Arrossire, 66 
 
 Bagtiarsi, 108 
 
 Caduto, 9 
 
 Altrui, 69 
 
 Arrosto, 104 
 
 Bagno, 17 
 
 Caff e, 34 
 
 Alzarsi, 77 
 
 Artigiano, 13 
 
 Balenare, 81 
 
 Cagionarc, 82 
 
 Amaramente, 100 
 
 Artiglieria, 102 
 
 Ballo, 30 
 
 Cagione, 24 
 
 A mare, 50 
 
 Asciuto, 15 
 
 Baluardo, 96 
 
 Calamajo, 35 
 
 Amaro, 98 
 
 Ascoltare, 48 
 
 Barbiere, 34 
 
 Calare, 58 
 
 Auiarsi, 73 
 
 Asino, 2 
 
 Barca, 38 
 
 Calcina, 41 
 
 Aruato, 40 
 
 Aspettare, 31 
 
 Barometro, 82 
 
 Caldamente, 1 13 
 
 Amatore, 43 
 
 Aspramcntc, 42 
 
 Barriera, 90 
 
 Calmargi, 79 
 
 Ambasciadore, 7l 
 
 Assai, 3 
 
 Base, 5 
 
 Calmato, 59 
 
 Ambizioso, 69 
 
 pii, 23 
 
 Basta, 89 
 
 Calore, 56 
 
 Ami, 5 
 
 Assalito, 43 
 
 Bastare, 89 
 
 Calunniare, 52 
 
 Amiamo, 5 
 
 Assicurare, 104 
 
 Bastonarsi, 73 
 
 Calzetta. 4 
 
 Amicizia, 65 
 
 Assorbire, 67 
 
 Bastone, 6 
 
 Calzettajo, 37 rein. 
 
 Ameno, 6 
 
 Assunzione, 63 
 
 Kattersi, 72 
 
 Calzoni, 6 
 
 Ammettere, 114 
 
 Assiirda, 23 
 
 Battuto, 5 
 
 Carabiare, 49 
 
 Ammirato, 8 
 
 Attento, 23 
 
 Becco, 76 
 
 Camedio, 30 
 
 Anche, 15 
 
 Attenzione, 28 
 
 Beccolare, 65 
 
 Cameriera, 2 
 
 Ancora, 6, 57 rem. 
 
 Attivo, 2 
 
 Bellezza, 69 
 
 Camiciuola, 6 
 
 Andai, 37 
 
 Attore, 4 
 
 Bellico?o, 8 
 
 Camniinare. '.'4 
 
 Andammo, 6l 
 
 Attrice, 4 
 
 Bene (sub.), 2] 
 
 Cammino, 20 
 
 Andare, 111 
 
 Augurare, 48 
 
 (adv.), 53 
 
 Campagna, 1 
 
 113 
 
 Augurio, 13 
 Autore, 42 
 
 Ben arrivato. 5S 
 tempo, 77 
 
 Campestre, 1 
 Campo, 70
 
 136 ITALIAN 1NDKX. 
 
 Candela, 106 
 
 Cocchiere, 18 
 
 Continuato, 34 
 
 Dare di ritorno 
 
 Cangiamento, 22 
 
 Coda, 25 
 
 Conviene, 89 
 
 115 
 
 Cangiarsi, 79 
 
 Codardo, 39 
 
 Conveniente, 110 
 
 fuoco, 115 
 
 Cantante, 2 
 
 Cogliere, 107 
 
 Convenire, 89 
 
 Dazio, 90 
 
 Cantare, 48 
 
 Collana, 4 
 
 Coperta, 40 
 
 Debito, 36 
 
 Capelli, 9 
 
 Collega, 4 
 
 Coperto, 24, 26 
 
 Decembre, 98 
 
 Capire, 68 
 
 Collegio, 112 
 
 Copiare, 52 
 
 Decorazione, 18 
 
 Capo, 40 
 
 Collera, 53 
 
 Coprirsi, 73 
 
 .Defunto, 96 
 
 d'opera, 102 
 
 Collo, 51 
 
 Coricare, 48 
 
 Dense, 98 
 
 Cappone, 53 
 
 Colombo, 16 
 
 Coricarsi, 77 
 
 Dente, 24 
 
 Capra, 7 
 
 Colonna, 110 
 
 Corona, 17 
 
 Dentro, 113 
 
 Carboni, 42 
 
 Colonnello, 14 
 
 Corpo, 10 
 
 Deplorare, 54 
 
 Carciofo, 98 
 
 Co lore, 2 
 
 Correggioso, 14 
 
 Descrizione, 60 
 
 Cardinale, 20 
 
 Coloaso, 17 
 
 Corre, 107 
 
 Deserto, l 
 
 Carico, 113 
 
 Colpire, 68 
 
 Correggere, 101 
 
 Desidera, 89 
 
 Caritatevole, 12 
 
 Colpo, 112 
 
 Correre, 99 
 
 Desiderare, 89 
 
 Carnagione, 17 
 
 Colui il quale, 115 
 
 Corrispondente, 42 Desiderava, 62 
 
 Carrctta, 41 
 
 Comandare, 50 
 
 Corretto, 78 
 
 Designare, 48 
 
 Carta suga, 20 
 
 Coaibattere, 104 
 
 Cortina, 46 
 
 Detto, 57 
 
 Carte, 35 
 
 Come, 77 
 
 Coscia, 56 
 
 Deve, 93 
 
 Cassettino, 36 
 
 Ciminciare, 52 
 
 Costare, 49 
 
 Di, 36 rem., 38 rem., 
 
 Castello, 2 
 
 Comincio, 29 
 
 C'ostruire, 106 
 
 41 rem., 42rein., 
 
 Castinare, 54 
 
 Commedia, 44 
 
 Costume, 82 
 
 44 rem., 46 rem. 
 
 Castigato, 39 
 
 ^Commercio, 74 
 
 Costumi, 39 
 
 altronde, 60 
 
 Castiglia, 80 
 
 Commettere, 101 
 
 Crede di potere, 27 
 
 avanti, 17 
 
 Cattivo, 69 
 
 Comodo, 6 
 
 Credeasi, 62 
 
 cuore, 96 
 
 Cauto, 24 
 
 Compagnia, 69 
 
 Credendo, 29 
 
 grazia, 53 rem. 
 
 Cavalcare. 54 
 
 Compagno, 43 
 
 Credere, 23 
 
 nuovo, 74 
 
 Cedere, 64 
 
 Compatire 68 
 
 Credersi, 73, 75, 79 
 
 oggi innanzi, 82 
 
 Celebrarsi, 75 
 
 Compiangere, 103 
 
 Credesi, 93 rem. 
 
 piu, 44 
 
 Cenare, 49 
 
 Compiere, 101 
 
 Credi, 24 
 
 quando in quan- 
 
 Cercava, 29 
 
 Comulimentare, 58 
 
 Credo, 23 
 
 do, 51 
 
 Certificarsi, 115 
 
 Compiare, 12 
 
 Cresrere, 97 
 
 rado, 15 
 
 Certo, 45 
 
 troppo 
 
 Cristiano, 28 
 
 somiglianza, 17 
 
 Cessare, 77 
 
 caro, 54 
 
 Criticato, 28 
 
 01,113 
 
 Cestello (a), 16 
 
 Con, 41 tern. 
 
 Crudo, 14 
 
 Dia, 82 
 
 Cetrmolo, 71 
 
 Conc'irrenza, 100 
 
 Ouna, 9 
 
 Dice, 93 
 
 Che, 3 
 
 Condiscepolo, 56 
 
 Cuffia, 46 
 
 Diceste, 13 
 
 non pensava, 
 
 Condotta, 60 
 
 Cui, 19 
 
 Dicono, 24 
 
 35 
 
 Conducere, 105 
 
 Cuocere, 99 
 
 Didiacciare, 81 
 
 sia, 1 
 
 Condurre, 105 - 
 
 Cuore, 5 
 
 Dieta, 46 
 
 Chiamare, 49 
 
 Confessare, 07 
 
 Curante, 21 
 
 Difendere, 95 
 
 Chiamarsi, 75 
 
 Congedare, 84 
 
 Curvarsi, 112 
 
 Differenza, 37 
 
 Chiaramente, 94 
 
 Coniglio, 16 
 
 Curve, 22 
 
 Digelare, 81 
 
 Chiarore, 115 
 
 Conoscere, 97 
 
 
 Dilettevole, 90 
 
 Chiave, 4 
 
 Conservi, 19 
 
 Da, 1, 37 rem., 38 
 
 Diligenza, 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 rem. 
 
 Conservare, 108 
 
 41 rem., 42 rem. 
 
 Diluviare, 81 
 
 Ci, 29 rem., 72 
 
 Considerare, 48 
 
 il fornajo, 37 
 
 Dimandare, 29, 50 
 
 Cintura, 104 
 
 Couai^liare, 52 
 
 qual purte, 111 
 
 Dimenticare, 37 
 
 Cipro, 106 
 
 C.msigtere, 86 
 
 Da, 111 
 
 Dimenticargi, 75, 
 
 Circondare, 62 
 
 Consorto, 77 
 
 Dubbene, 40 
 
 79 
 
 Ciriegio, 30 
 
 Contadinu, 1 
 
 Hiiinii. 39 
 
 Dinanzi, 55 
 
 Citara, 36 
 
 Contemplare, 42 
 
 I>anno. /6 
 
 Dipingere, 103 
 
 CM. 31 
 
 Contentarsi, 75 
 
 D:mzare, 54 
 
 Diaattento, 27 
 
 Cittadella, 108 
 
 Contentato, 25 
 
 Dappertutto, 28 
 
 IMsciogliere, 107 
 
 Civile, 101 
 
 Contento, 1 
 
 Dare, 115 
 
 Disciorre, 107 
 
 Civilizzato, 32 
 
 Contessa, 2 
 
 ajuto, 115 
 
 Disculo, 55
 
 ITALIAN INDEX. 137 
 
 Discorso, 45 Epure, 92 Fara, 77 Fortuna, 69 
 
 Disfilare, 48 Erbaggi, 16 Fare Una visita, 86 Fragola, 28 
 
 Dispazia, 23 Kredare, 88 Farai, 105 Freddo, 55 
 
 Disinteresse, 108 Ermellino, 94 Faremo, 82 Frederigo, 78 
 
 Diapiacere, 85 Eroe, 51 Fascia, 10 Freno, 34 
 
 Disposto, 15 Ksaminato, 28 Fate, 19 Frequente, 1 
 
 Diaprezzare, 7 Eseguire, 67 Fatto dipingere, 23 Freachezza, 10 
 
 Disse, '29, 93 Eaercitarsi, 73 fabbricare, 23 Fronte, 102 
 
 LHssiparai, 77 Esercito, 3 fiasco, 92 Fruttifero, 29 
 
 Uissipato, 60 E--perienza, 11 Favola, 55 Fu, 3 
 
 Distrutto, 3 Eaperto, 12 Favorire, 70 Fuggire, 66 
 
 Diaubhidiente, 9 Egponere, 109 Faziune, 106 Fumare, 49 
 
 Dilate, 9 Esporre, 109 Febbre, 116 Fuoco, 18 
 
 Dito, 12 Eaposto, 11 Ftce fermare, 92 Fuori, 2 
 
 Uiverrebbe, 108 Essere, 15 Fedele, 21 Furbo, 116 
 
 Divertimento, 69 andato, 33 Felicemente, 106 Furono, 11 
 
 Divertire, 66 andato a Felicita, 88 
 
 Divertirsi, 73, 75,80 retrovare, 33 Femmiuino, 39 Gabbia, 110 
 
 Divertito, 43 arrivato, 33 Ferdinando, V4 Gallina, 16 
 
 Dividere, 9 caduto, 33 Ferire, 68 Garbato, 3 
 
 Docilita, 108 durato, 33 Ferito, 14 Gareggiarai, 100 
 
 Dogana. 26 mancato di Ferniarsi, 7S Gazzetta, 17 
 
 Dolcemente, 33 parola, 33 Ferro, 10 Gelare, 81 
 
 Dolore, 7 mancato le Fertile, 44 Gelatina, 71 
 
 Domanda, 37 parole, 33 Fetta, 71 Gelicidio, 33 
 
 Domandare, 24 mono, 33 Fettuccia, 14 Gelo, 74 
 
 Domandb, 19 partito, 33 Fianco, 36 Gemma, 111 
 
 Domattina,63 passato, 33 Fiasco, 92 Generate, 11 
 
 Domestico, 1 perito, 33 Fidarsi, 106 Genio, 1 
 
 Dopo, 46 restate, 33 Fieno, 76 Genitore, 23 
 
 Dnrmire, 53 ritornato,33 Fiera, 17 Geneva, 14 
 
 Uotato, 37 salito, 33 Fiero, 26 Gente, 11 
 
 Potto, 12 sdrucciola- Filippo, 57 Gentile, 1 
 
 Dubito, 24 to, 33 File, 10 Gentik-zza, 37 
 
 Duchessa, 37 smontato Filosofo, 12 Gentiluomo,76 
 
 Due volte, 32 da cavallo, 33 Fin, 35 Ghiacciare, 81 
 
 Duraute, 45 smontato di Finaimente, 86 Ghinea, 51 
 
 earrozza, 33 Finestra, 46 Ghirlanda, 44 
 
 E da desiderare, 89 sortito, 33 Finezza, 116 Gia, 1, 59 rein. 
 
 Ebbene, 102 uscito, 33 Fingeva, 29 Giacche, 46 
 
 Eccellenza, 90 venuto, 33 Fino, 2 Giacintu, 7 
 
 Eccessivamente, 22 Eatenuato, 20 Fiocco, 74 Giacomo, 4 
 
 Ecci, 29 rem. Esteso, 21 Fmrire, 68 Giallo, 6 
 
 Ecclesiaatico, 7 Eta, 10 Fiaionomia, 42 Giammai, 30 
 
 Educare, 52 Etna, 5 Fiaao, 94 Giocare, 50 
 
 Educazione, 25 Ewi, 29 rem. Fiume, 3 Gioja, 41 
 
 Eh, 19 Flauto, 36 Giornata, 116 
 
 Ei, 115 Fa, 15, 35 rem. Folia, 44 Giorno di festa, 4 
 
 Elegante, 6 ' Fabbrica, 23 Follia, 61 Giovedi, 69 
 
 Elephante, 5 Faccia, 32 Fondamento, 4 Giovinotto, 61 
 
 Eletto, 22 Facendo, 113 Forbici, 46 Giubilo, 26 
 
 Elisabetta, 14 Faceva, 33 Forcoue, 76 Giudicare, 114 
 
 Ella, 16 rem. Fallato, 9 Forestiere, 62 Giudice, 25 
 
 Elleno, 16 rem. Fallo, 13 Formare, 49 Giugnere, 103 rem. 
 
 Empiere, 101 Famiglia, 21 Fornimenti, 63 Giungere, 103 
 
 Euiulare, 114 Famoso, 100 Forse, 82 Giuocare, 50 
 
 Enimma, 32 Fangoao, 77 Forte, 104 Giuoco, 12 
 
 Eutrare, 48 Fanno, yo Fortemeute, 82 Giustiticarsi, 114 
 
 N3
 
 138 ITALIAN INDEX. 
 
 Giusto, 90 
 
 Incrostato, 1 10 
 
 Listino, 71 
 
 Meroanzie, 60 
 
 Gloria, 58 
 
 Indebolirsi, 19 
 
 Lvtigare, 55 
 
 Mercsto, 43 
 
 Godere, 64 
 
 Indemoniato, 38 
 
 Lo, 11 rem., 13 rem 
 
 . Mercc, 54 
 
 Godimento, 14 
 
 Independenza, 108 
 
 Lodare, 48 
 
 Merenda, 43 
 
 Goletta, 20 
 
 Indigenza, 88 
 
 Lodevole, 45 
 
 Mercndare, 55 
 
 Gra.io, 59 
 
 Indizii), 43 
 
 Lombardia, 35 
 
 Meritare, 48 
 
 Grattiato. 13 
 
 Industrioso, 2 
 
 Luce, 1 1 
 
 Meritate, 3Q 
 
 Grande, 13 
 
 Inevitable, 102 
 
 Lucifero, 102 
 
 Merito, 74 
 
 Grandmare, 81 
 
 Intelice, 61 
 
 Lui, 104 
 
 Merletto, 10 
 
 Grandine, /6 
 
 Infermita, 20 
 
 Luigi, 6 
 
 Mescolare, 49 
 
 Granatiere, 71 
 
 Intormarsi, 77 
 
 Lume, 1 
 
 Messo, 43 
 
 (irappoio, 26 
 
 Intreddatura, 98 
 
 Lunedi, 114 
 
 Mesfiere, 60 
 
 Grasso, 86 
 
 Ingannare, 49 
 
 Lungamente, 62 
 
 Mestieri, 105 
 
 Grazia, 33 
 
 Ingaunarsi, /5 
 
 Lungi, 92 
 
 Meta, 45 
 
 Grazioso, 92 
 
 Inghiuttire, 67 
 
 L'uno e 1'altro, 84 
 
 Mettere, 101 
 
 Grave, 40 
 
 Innalzamento, 22 
 
 Lusingarsi, 73 
 
 Mettete, 31 
 
 Grcmbiale, 28 
 
 Innanzi, 31 
 
 
 Mezaanotte, 36 
 
 Grosso, 1 
 
 Innumerabile, 110 
 
 Maccheroni, 84 
 
 Mezzo, 22 
 
 Gru, 44 
 
 Insaldato, 23 
 
 Madama, 27 
 
 Mezzodi, 35 
 
 Guarentire, 108 
 
 Insieme, 16 
 
 Madriperla, 111 
 
 Mi, 27, 72 
 
 Guardare, 49 
 
 Insultare, 48 
 
 Magnificeute, 11 
 
 viene in mente, 
 
 Guardarsi, 78 
 
 Intarsiato, 110 
 
 Magro, 46 
 
 89 
 
 Guarire, 66 
 
 Intende, 93 
 
 Malcontento, 15 
 
 Mie, 6 
 
 Guarnigione, 96 
 
 Intendere, 95 
 
 Male, 13, 53 
 
 Miei, 1 
 
 Guastato, 1 
 
 Intenzione, 59 
 
 Malvagio, 55 
 
 Mignatta, 116 
 
 Guerra, 8 
 
 Interamente, 3 
 
 Malvagita, 98 
 
 Millantare, 114 
 
 Guscio, 11 
 
 Interrogate, 23 
 
 Mamma, 11 
 
 .Minaccia, 46 
 
 Gustare, 51 
 
 Inteso, Q2 
 
 Maneggiare, 88 
 
 Minacciare, 52 
 
 Gustoso, 5 
 
 Intreccio, 84 
 
 Manicchino, 20 
 
 Miaeria, 21 
 
 
 Intrepido, 58 
 
 Manica, 82 
 
 M i-urare. 38 
 
 Iddio, 57 
 
 Intrigato, 63 
 
 Manico, 76 
 
 Mitigarsi, 79 
 
 11, 11 rem., 13 rem. 
 
 Intrigo, 33 
 
 Waniera, 53 
 
 Moderate, 24 
 
 didentro, 111 
 
 Inutilmente, 15 
 
 Marches a, 2 
 
 Modestiu, 74 
 
 Illustre, 100 
 
 Inverno, 76 
 
 Marchese, 2 
 
 Modo, 2 
 
 Imbastito, 58 
 
 Inviare, 54 
 
 Mare, 32 
 
 Moggio, 44 
 
 Immaginargi, 79 
 
 lo stesso, 53 
 
 Marenciallo, 9 
 
 Molle, 88 
 
 mmerso, 27 
 
 Istruttivo, 3 
 
 Margine, 44 
 
 Momento, 65 
 
 mparare a mente, 
 
 
 Marina, 90 
 
 iWondo, 3 
 
 92 
 
 Lagnarsi, 80 
 
 Maritarsi, 77 
 
 Moneta, 41 
 
 mpasienzft, 94 
 
 Lago, 1 1 
 
 Maritato, 18 
 
 Montagna, 5 
 
 mpegnare, 48 
 
 Lampeggiare^ 81 
 
 Marmo, 110 
 
 Motile, 34 
 
 mpegno, 108 
 
 Lampo, 74 
 
 Maravigliarsi, 79 
 
 Morderc, 31 
 
 mpcnetrabile, 42 
 
 Lancia, 25 
 
 Mascalzone, 30 
 
 Moribondu, 62 
 
 mpiegare, 52 
 
 Lanciata, 31 
 
 Maschera, 41 
 
 Morso, 41 
 
 mpiegato, 27 
 
 Languire. 67 
 
 Mascolino, 39 
 
 Morto, 6 
 
 mporta, 80 
 
 Lasciare, 52 
 
 Mattinata, 74 
 
 Moschetto, 113 
 
 Impracticable, 110 Latte, 41 
 
 Nazzetto, 6 
 
 Mostra, 37 
 
 40 rem., 43 rem. 
 
 Lavarsi, 73 
 
 Medicina, 96 
 
 Mottegpatorr, ifj 
 
 avvenire, 88 
 
 Leggere, 101 
 
 Melarancia, 45 
 
 Movere, 99 rem. 
 
 fatti, 115 
 
 Lrggerezza, 34 
 
 Mellone,71 
 
 Muggire, 67 
 
 punto, 78 
 
 Leggiermente, 88 
 
 Membro, 45 
 
 Mulo, 6 
 
 Inavvedutamente, 
 
 Legno, 42 
 
 Menare, t>0 
 
 Muovere, 99 
 
 115 
 
 Leone, 5 
 
 Meno, 94 
 
 Musica, 51 
 
 Incerto, 15 
 
 Leonessa, 5 
 
 Menoino, 86 
 
 Mutanric, 28 
 
 Incominoiarsi, 111 
 
 Levare, 94 
 
 M entire, 66 
 
 SI til 0. 16 
 
 Incontrarsi, /9 
 
 Levani, 75, 77 
 
 Mento, 43 
 
 
 Increace, 91 
 
 Lisciva, 30 
 
 Mentre, 20 
 
 Nascere, 07
 
 ITALIAN LNliKX. 
 
 139 
 
 Nascondere, 95 
 
 Opinione, 41 
 
 Pasta. 77 
 
 Piacere il pin, 85 
 
 Nascostamente, 63 Opponersi, 109 
 
 Patata, 106 
 
 piu, 85 
 Placevole, 3 
 
 Naso. 14 
 
 Opporre, 31, 109 
 
 Patire, 68 
 
 Piaciinento, 30 
 
 Natura, 18 
 
 Opporrsi, 109 
 
 } 'atria. 21 
 
 Piangere, 103 
 
 Naturale. 46 
 
 Oppressione, 39 
 
 Pavone, 10 
 
 Pianoforte, 36 
 
 Naturalista, 60 
 
 Ora, 24, 35 rem. 
 
 Pavonessa, 10 
 
 Pianse, 41 
 
 Nave, 34 
 
 Orchestra, 16 
 
 Pazienie, 94 
 
 Pianta 30 
 
 Nazionale, 92 
 
 Ordinare, 49 
 
 Pazzia, 45 
 
 Piazza, 74 
 
 Nazione, 3 
 
 Ordinario, 20 
 
 Parzo, 94 
 
 Picchia, 93 
 
 Ne-ne, 58 
 
 Ordine, 98 
 
 Pecora, 8 
 
 Picciolo, 6 
 
 Neppure, 57 
 
 Orecchino, 4 
 
 Pegni, 35 
 
 Piede, 8 
 
 Nerone, 17 
 
 Orecchio, 10 
 
 Pellegrinare, 114 
 
 Pieno, 15 
 
 Nettare, 110 
 
 Ornato, 110 
 
 Pene, 15 
 
 Pietro, 24 
 
 Netto, 25 
 
 Orrido, 42 
 
 Pennello, 1Q2 
 
 Pigliare, 52 
 
 Neve, 65 
 
 Oscuro, 44 
 
 Pensare, 58 
 
 Pigro, 39 
 
 Nevicare, 81 
 
 Osservato, 22 
 
 Pensarsi, 75 
 
 Pmsrere, 103 
 
 Nissuno, 40 
 
 Oste, 10 
 
 Pensereste, 31 
 
 Piors 
 
 Nobile, 3 
 
 Ostessa, 10 
 
 Penione, 59 
 
 Pioggia, 1 
 
 Nobilita, 20 
 
 Ostia, 34 
 
 Pentirsi, 79 
 
 Pioppo, 11 
 
 Noce, 10 
 
 Ostinato, 9 
 
 Per. 13, 34 rem., 
 
 Piovere, 81 
 
 Noja, 23 
 
 Ozioso, 24 
 
 35 rem., 39 rem., 
 
 Piovigginare, 81 
 
 Nome, 43 
 
 
 42 rem. 
 
 Pipa, 4 
 
 Nominate, 49 
 
 Padella, 33 
 
 I'appunto. 60 
 
 Pistola, 53 
 
 Non che, 19 
 
 Pagamento, 42 
 
 lo innanzi, 29 Pittore, 2 
 
 4 piu, 3 
 
 Pagare, 52 
 
 Perche, 98 
 
 Pittura, 100 
 
 mai, 9, 20 rem 
 
 . Paglia, 51 
 
 Percorrere, 99 
 
 Piu, 5/ rem. 
 
 ne, 20 rem. 
 
 Pagliaccin, 4 
 
 Perdere, 64 
 
 volte, 76 
 
 niente, 20 rem 
 
 . Palchetti, 13 
 
 Perdete, 15 
 
 Piuttosto, 58 
 
 piu, 20 rem. 
 
 Palazzo. 1 
 
 Perdita, 8 
 
 Platea, 18 
 
 vale niente, 39 Pannello, 26 
 
 Perdonare, 48 
 
 Poi, 60 
 
 Noudimeno, 15 
 
 Panni, 53 
 
 Perdonarsi, 75 
 
 Poiche, 25 
 
 Novella, 18 
 
 Panno, 2 
 
 Perdonato, 11 
 
 Polio, 56 
 
 Numero, 44 
 
 Papa, 22 
 
 Pergolato, 61 
 
 Polvere, 24 
 
 Nuova, 77 
 
 Pare, 83 
 
 Pericoloso, 21 
 
 34 
 
 Nutrirsi, 75 
 
 Parecchi, 100 
 
 Perire, 68 
 
 Polverio, 58 
 
 Nuvola, 62 
 
 Parente, 22 
 
 Permettere, 101 
 
 Porno, 30 
 
 
 Parere, 83 
 
 Permissione, 57 
 
 di terra, 58 
 
 Obligato, 1 
 
 Pareva. 83, 102 
 
 Pero, 30 
 
 Ponere, 109 
 
 Occasione, 22 
 
 Pari, 86 
 
 Pero, 33 
 
 Ponersi, log 
 
 Occbialj, 13 
 
 Parla, 93 
 
 Perse, 33 
 
 Pontefice, C5 
 
 Occorre, 91 
 
 Parlamento, 45 
 
 Persino, 51 
 
 Ponticeilo, 44 
 
 Occupato, 15 
 
 Parlare, 48 
 
 Persona, 18 
 
 Ponlificato. 22 
 
 Odiare, 52 
 
 Parola, 53 
 
 Persone, 39 
 
 Popolazzo, 12 
 
 Odore, 9 
 
 Partecipare, "7 
 
 Pesante, 116 
 
 Popolo, 40 
 
 Offendere, 95 
 
 Partenza, 65 
 
 Pesce, 11 
 
 Porre, 19. 109 
 
 Offeso, 27 
 
 Partire, 70 
 
 Peachiera, J7 
 
 Porta, 10 rem. 
 
 Offrire, 69 
 
 da, 70 
 
 Peso, 40 
 
 Portare, 50 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oggi d.\' 77 
 
 Partita, 34 
 
 Pettinarsi, 108 
 
 Possedere. 84 
 
 Ognuno, 58 
 
 Pasienza, 40 
 
 Pettine, 8 
 
 Possiate. 113 
 
 Olimpieo, 62 
 
 Passa. 35 
 
 Petto, 56 
 
 Possibile, 20 
 
 Ombra, 51 
 
 Pansato, 35 rem. 
 
 Pezza, 92 
 
 Passa mai, 37 
 
 Oncia, 32 
 
 Passeggiare, 52 
 
 Pezzetto, 38 
 
 Postare, S6 
 
 Onerare, 116 
 
 Passeggiero, 30 
 
 Piace, 85 
 
 Posto, 9 
 
 Onesto, 88 
 
 Passeranno, 42 
 
 Piarcre, 85 
 
 Potente, 32 
 
 Opera, 18 
 
 Pauo, 33 
 
 bene, 85 
 
 Potere, 63, 96
 
 140 ITALIAN INDEX. 
 
 Potro, 32 
 
 Quadro, 12 Richiudendo, 90 
 
 Rivolgere, 101 
 
 Pozzanghera, 106 
 
 Qualche volta, 39 Riconobbe, yo 
 
 Roba, U2 
 
 Praticare, 40 
 
 Quale, 30 Riconoscere, 97 
 
 Romanzo. 61 
 
 Prato, 16 
 
 Qualita, 2 Riconosco, 13 
 
 Rompere, SB 
 
 Precipizio, 116 
 
 Quanti (e), 7 Ricordarai, 77 
 
 Rosao, 13 
 
 Precisauiente, 35 
 
 Quantita, 45 Ridare, 115 
 
 Rotondo, 98 
 
 Preferenza, 53 
 
 Quasi, 32 Kidente, 30 
 
 Rotto, 7 
 
 Preferire, 67 
 
 Quegli, 19 Ridere, 99 
 
 Rovesciare, 112 
 
 Pregare, 52, 53rem 
 
 . Quello che, 60 Riducere, 105 
 
 Rovescio, 81 
 
 Pregato, 27 
 
 Queata notte, 69 Ridurre, 105 
 
 Ruggire, 66 
 
 Pregio, 12 
 
 Questi, 19 llieiupiere, 101 
 
 Rumore, /8 
 
 Premiare, 57 
 
 Quicto, 120 Ri^ido, il6 
 
 
 Premio, 28 
 
 Quindi, 59 Higuardare, 115 
 
 Sai, 32 
 
 Prendere, 62, 95 
 
 Riguardo, 69 
 
 Salame, 71 
 
 Preparare, 49 
 
 Racogliere, 112 Kiuiettere, 101 
 
 Salita, 116 
 
 Preaciutto, 53 
 
 Raccomandare, 84 l^imettersi, 101 
 
 tjalutare, 116 
 
 Prescrivere^lOl 
 
 Raccomaudarsi, 73, Uimiruni, 73 
 
 Saluto, 18 
 
 Presgo, 57 
 
 80 lliaiproverare, 50 
 
 Salvezza, 104 
 
 Prestezza, 40 
 
 Raccontare, 55 liincontrare, 48 
 
 Salvo, 104 
 
 Prc8tito, 29 
 
 Raccontero, 5 Kincrese, 91 
 
 San Dionigi, 93 
 
 Presto, 113 
 
 Haddirizzare, 114 Rincrescimento, 
 
 Sangue, 53 
 
 Pretenzione, 59 
 
 Raffreddarsi, 113 115 
 
 Sanitk, 46 
 
 Prezzo, Q4 
 
 Ragazza, 4 Rinfacciare, 10S 
 
 Sano, 15 
 
 Prii$iomere, 53 
 
 Ragazzo, 4 Ringraziare, 57 
 
 Santo, 24 
 
 Prima, 60 
 
 Ra^gio, 42 Riuomato, 21 
 
 Sappiate, 35 
 
 Primo, QO 
 
 Ragione, 20 Ripetere, (U 
 
 Sapreate, 19 
 
 Principe, 27 
 
 Ragionevole, 7 Riportare, 51 
 
 Saranno, 9 
 
 Principeasa, 27 
 
 Rallegrarsi, 73, 78, i'iposare, 48 
 
 Sbadigiiare, 54 
 
 Frivo, 23 
 
 77 rem. Riposarsi, 73 
 
 Sboz/.o, 108 
 
 Probabile, 22 
 
 Ratne, 41 Riposo, 25 
 
 Scaccero, 9 
 
 Producere, 105 
 
 Rampinetto, 43 Ripublicano, 65 
 
 Stacciare, 52 
 
 Produrre, 105 
 
 Rapace, 1 Riacaldare, 88 
 
 Bcala, 60 
 
 Produsae, 9.6 
 
 Rappresentante, 17 Kiscaldarai, 73 
 
 Scaricato, 41 
 
 ProfUto, 86 
 
 Rappresentare, 49 Rischiararsi, 79 
 
 Scatol.i, 98 
 
 Profondainente, 39 
 
 Rasaegiia, 82 Riscuotere, 99 
 
 Sceifliere, 107 
 
 Progetto, 43 
 
 Rasscrenarsi, 79 Riaico, 20 
 
 Scelto, 28 
 
 Progresso, 116 
 
 Rattoppare, 77 Him>, 38 
 
 Scendere, 95 
 
 Prontamen(:e, 71 
 
 Recare, 19 Risolu/.ione, 40 
 
 cScendiamo, 34 
 
 Prontezza, 20 
 
 Recaste, 39 Rispetta.e, 110 
 
 Scerre, 107 
 
 Pronto, 36 
 
 Recito, 33 Rispettato, 5 
 
 Schernire, 67 
 
 Pronunciare, 52 
 
 Reggere, 101 Rispoudere, 95 
 
 Schiantato, 38 
 
 Proponere, 109 
 
 Regolo, 55 Rispoae, 19 
 
 Schiavitu, 108 
 
 Proponevansi, 37 
 
 Religione, 5 Riaposta, 37 
 
 Schiuraa di mare, 4 
 
 Proporre, 109 
 
 Rendere, 95 RistabiliDiento, 48 
 
 Sciampagna, 33 
 
 Proprio, 106 
 
 conto, 95 Ristare, 48 
 
 Sciogliere, 107 
 
 Prosperiamo, 5 
 
 divotissi- Riatituito, 60 
 
 Sciorre, 107 
 
 Prossim:), 3*, 55 
 
 me grazie, 95 llitardare, 5] 
 
 Sconcertarsi, 75 
 
 Prova, 62 
 
 grazia, 95 Uitirarai, 79 
 
 Sconfitto, 65 
 
 Provare, 49 
 
 Rendersi, 73 ' Ritornare, 49 
 
 Scordare, 77 
 
 Pubblicare, 49 
 
 Repertorio, 84 Ritorno, 33 
 
 iscordarai, 77 
 
 Pubblico, 100 
 
 Replicare, 74 Ritraere, 109 
 
 Scorre, 7 
 
 Pulito, 3 
 
 RepSicatamente, 45 Ititraersi, 109 
 
 Scorrere, 99 
 
 Pun ire, 68 
 
 Restare, 48 Ritrarre, 109 
 
 Scorso, 21 
 
 Pure, 59 
 
 Reumatisruo, 61 liitrarrai, 109 
 
 Scotto, 46 
 
 Purezza, 39 
 
 Rialzarsi, 79 Ritrattu, 26 
 
 Scrivere, 101 
 
 Puro, 13 
 
 Ricetta, S8 Ritrovare, 49 
 
 Scrivo, 44 
 
 
 Ricevere, 64 Ritto, 22 
 
 fScrupoloso, 54 
 
 Quadernctto, 56 
 
 Kicchezze, 13 llivedere, 31 
 
 Bcultore, 5
 
 ITALIAN IKDEJ. 
 
 Scuotere, 99 
 
 Soggiungere, 103 
 
 Stato, 113 
 
 Tetto, 41 
 
 Scusa, 100 
 
 Solito, 61 
 
 Statuetta, 4 
 
 Ti, 72 
 
 Scusare, 48 
 
 Solitudine, 93 
 
 Stava, 7 
 
 Tiglio, 74 
 
 Scusarsi. 73 
 
 Sollazzo, 92 
 
 Stavano, 40 
 
 Tignere, 103 rem. 
 
 Se, 6 
 
 Sollecitare, 26 
 
 Stecca, 55 
 
 Timido, 16 
 
 non, 38 
 
 Solo, 63 
 
 Stendere, 110 
 
 Tinello, 34 
 
 stesso, 15 
 
 Sommo, 104 
 
 Stegsa, 7 
 
 Tingere, 104 
 
 Seco, 105 
 
 Sinare, 50 
 
 Stesso, 3 
 
 Tirare, 102 
 
 fecoiui, 100 
 
 Sonato, 35 
 
 Stima, 40 
 
 Tirata, 1 
 
 Secondare, 104 
 
 Sopra, 40 rem. 
 
 Stimare, 111 
 
 Tiratojo, 5 
 
 
 di chc 6 
 
 
 Titolo 5Q 
 
 Sedero, 40 
 
 Sorcio, 94 
 
 Stracciato, 5 
 
 Tocca' 89 
 
 Sembra, 89 
 
 Sordo, 16 
 
 Straniere, 30 
 
 Toccare, 59 
 
 Sembrare, 89 
 
 Sortire, 68 
 
 Straordinariamen- 
 
 Togliere, 107 
 
 Semplice, 23 
 
 Sospetto, 26 
 
 te, 12 
 
 Tonare, 81 
 
 Senato, 106 
 
 Sotta voce, 48 
 
 Straordinario, 17 
 
 Tondo, 43 
 
 Sente, 13 
 
 Sottile, 13 
 
 Struzzo, 65 
 
 Tonno, 44 
 
 Sentiero, 25 
 
 y otto, 36 
 
 Studio, 69 
 
 Torbido, 15 
 
 Sentire, 66 
 
 Sottraere, 109 
 
 Sturare, 55 rem. 
 
 Torino, 6 
 
 Seutirsi, 75 
 
 Sottrarre, 109 
 
 Su, 40 rem. 
 
 Tormentare, 54 
 
 Seuto, 13 
 
 Sovra, 23 
 
 Succoso, 13 
 
 Tormentato, 5 
 
 Senza, 33 
 
 Sovrano, 3 
 
 Sudicio, 46 
 
 Toro, 7 
 
 Serata, 74 
 
 Sovviene, 91 
 
 Suffocare, 116 
 
 Torre, 1, 107 
 
 Sergente, 112 
 
 Spagna, 7 
 
 Suffragio, 26 
 
 Torrente, 38 
 
 Sermone, 96 
 
 gpalla, 102 
 
 Suggeritore, 33 
 
 Torto, 86 
 
 Serpere, 64 
 
 Sparare, 57 
 
 Suoi, 7 
 
 Tosaire, 67 
 
 Sete, 5 
 
 Spartire, 67 
 
 Suolo, 112 
 
 Tosto, 78 
 
 Servire, 66 
 
 Spaventare, /6 
 
 Suonare, SO 
 
 Tra, 37 
 
 Servirsi, 79 
 
 S pazzacatnmino, 1 6 
 
 Supponere, 109 
 
 Traducere, 105 
 
 Sfacciato, 55 
 
 Specie, 25 
 
 Supporre, 109 
 
 Tradurre, 105 
 
 Sfregio, 84 
 
 Spedire, 66 
 
 Svegliarsi, 79 
 
 Traduzione, 78 
 
 Sfuggito, 112 
 
 Spegneri, 59 
 
 Svestirsi, 73 
 
 Traere, 109 
 
 Sgelare, 81 
 
 Spendere, 95 
 
 Svetono, 111 
 
 Traffico, 21 
 
 Sgombrare, 57 
 
 Spengere, 103 
 
 
 Tranquillo, 44 
 
 Si, 27, 72 
 
 Spento, 18 
 
 Tabacco, 42 
 
 Trarre. 109 
 
 conosce, 42 
 
 Sperare, 49 
 
 Tagliare, 52 
 
 Trastullarsi. 77 
 
 deve, 27 
 
 Spesa, 9 
 
 Tagliate, 13 
 
 Trattenne. 104 
 
 puo, 60 
 
 Speziale, 3 
 
 Talora, 41 
 
 Traversare 86 
 
 trovava, 37 
 
 Spezieria, 100 
 
 Taluno, 98 
 
 Tremare, 65 
 
 Siccome, 82 
 
 Spicciarsi, 78 
 
 Tant'oltre, 54 
 
 Trepidiante. 26 
 
 Sicuro, 84 
 
 Spiegarsi, 75 
 
 Tan to quan to, 105 
 
 Tristezza, 94 
 
 Siffatto, 106 
 
 Spillo, 41 
 
 tempo, 31 
 
 Tristo, 61 
 
 Sigaro, 74 
 
 Spinaci, 57 
 
 Tardi, 25 
 
 Triviamento, "8 
 
 Siguorina, 7 
 
 Bpingere, 103 
 
 Tela, 1 
 
 Troppo, 16 
 
 Simile. 51 
 
 Spino, 11 
 
 Temere, 64 
 
 cotto, 86 
 
 Sinfonia, 84 
 
 Spirito, 23 
 
 Temo, 24 
 
 Trora, 93 
 
 Sino, 61 
 
 Splendere, 64 
 
 Temono, 15 
 
 Trovare, 49 
 
 Siato, 29 
 
 Splendido, 16 
 
 Temperate, 17 
 
 Trovarsi, 75 
 
 Site, 28 
 
 Sporco, 18 
 
 Temperie, 13 
 
 Tu, 16 rem. 
 
 Smarrirsi, 73 
 
 Sportello, 18 
 
 Tempesta, 20 
 
 Tuonare, 81 
 
 Smentire, 67 
 
 Squagliarsi, 80 
 
 Tempestare, 76 
 
 Tuono. 65 
 
 Smoccolare, 49 
 
 Squisito, 106 
 
 Temporale, 74 
 
 Tutti, 8 
 
 Smontare, 48 
 
 Stabilirsi, 73 
 
 Tendere, 95 
 
 Tutto, 32 
 
 Sobrio, 18 
 
 Stagione, 113 
 
 Tenebra, 22 
 
 
 Sofa, 65 
 
 Stanco, 18 
 
 Terremoto, 32 
 
 Ubbidire, 6s 
 
 Sofferto, 21 
 
 Starnutire, 19 
 
 Terreno, 56 
 
 Uccidere, 105 
 
 Soffrire, 35 
 
 Stasare, 49 
 
 Terzo, 1 
 
 Uccito, 31 
 
 Stggetto, 32 
 
 State, 84 Tc^ta, 91 
 
 Udienza, 114
 
 142 ITALIAN INDEX. 
 
 UditO, 31 
 
 Vede, 93 
 
 Vi, 29 retn., 72 
 
 Virtuoso, 5 
 
 Ufficiale, 55 
 
 Vedendo, 63 
 
 avere, 29 
 
 Visita, 28 
 
 Ultimo, 38 
 
 Vedere, 63 
 
 essere, 29 
 
 Visitare, 21 
 
 Umano, 24 
 
 Vedete, 71 
 
 ha, 29 rem. 
 
 Visto, 19 
 
 Umido, 96 
 
 Vediamo, 102 
 
 eiete curato, 
 
 21 Vitellino, 104 
 
 Un tale, 29 
 
 Vedova, 8 
 
 Via, 38 
 
 Vivace, 14 
 
 Una volta, 27 
 
 Veduta, 94 
 
 Viaggetto, 40 
 
 Vivere, 101 
 
 Unghia, 14 
 
 Vepliare, 82 
 
 Viale, 96 
 
 Vivono, 5 
 
 Universale, 96 
 
 Velleg piano, 42 
 
 Viaggio 109 
 
 Voce, 10 
 
 Uomo, 16 
 
 Vena, 53 
 
 Vicinanza, 92 
 
 Voglia, 77 
 
 Uscio, 11 
 
 Vendeiste, 105 
 
 Vicino, 30 
 
 Voi, 16 rem. 
 
 Uacire, 62 
 
 Vendere, 64 
 
 Viene, 38 
 
 Voianga, 56 
 
 Uva, 26 
 
 troppo 
 
 Vigilante, 14 
 
 Voleva, 31 
 
 
 caro, 65 
 
 Vigliacco, 37 
 
 Volgere, 101 
 
 
 Venders!, 80 
 
 Vigna, 17 
 
 Volgersi, 101 
 
 Va,34 
 
 Veniase, 19 
 
 Vigorosamente, 106 Volonta, 42 
 
 Vado, 34 
 
 Venne, 19 
 
 Viiipeso, 45 
 
 Volontieri. 38 
 
 Vai, 62 
 
 Vento, 36 
 
 Villano, 25 
 
 Volpe, 1 
 
 Valorosamente, 9 1 
 
 5 Verisimile, 61 
 
 Vincere, 97 
 
 Volta, 45 
 
 Valoroso, 59 
 
 Vermicelli, 78 
 
 Vincitore, 65 
 
 Vorrei, 23 
 
 Vandea, 101 
 
 Veruno, 86 
 
 Vino nero, 60 
 
 
 Van no, 39 
 
 Veupuzio, 28 
 
 Vinsi, 12 
 
 Zappa, 43 
 
 Vano, 110 
 
 Vestirsi, 73, 75 
 
 Vinto, 28 
 
 Zucca, 71 
 
 Vantarsi, 79 
 
 Vestito, 6 
 
 Viol en za, 1 12 
 
 Zeusi, 63 
 
 Veda, 100 
 
 Vesuvio, 8 
 
 Violetta, 63 
 
 
 Veddi, 3? 
 
 Vetro, 58 
 
 Violino, 36 

 
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