VA 37 UC-NRLF ^B 71 77M http://www.archive.org/details/conceinformationOOunitrich INFORMATION CONCERNING Some of the Principal Navies of the World A SERIES OF TABLES COMPILED TO ANSWER POPULAR INQUIRY Office of Naval Intelligence April, 1913 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1913 INFORMATION CONCERNING Some of the Principal Navies of the World A SERIES OF TABLES COMPILED TO ANSWER POPULAR INQUIRY [^ ,5 , Office of Navcjl Jlntelligence April, 1913 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFHCE 1913 A^ "b \ ^^.:^ X PEEFACE. The Navy Department is so frequently in receipt of letters from all parts of the country requesting information for debating societies, journals, and periodicals, as weU as individuals, concerning the rela- tive strength of the principal naval powers, the types of vessels building or built, and facts concerning the type of battleship popu- larly known as Breadnouglit, that it has dii-ected the Office of Naval Intelligence to prepare tables which will substantially make reply to the greater part of such letters. Under these instructions the Office of Naval Intelligence has com- piled the following tables from the best available data; and while these tables may be regarded as substantially correct, it is possible that inaccuracies may occur, for the reason that few countries besides the United States publish all the data concerning their fighting strength, and even greater efforts are being made abroad to maintain secrecy. Tables I, II, III, IV, and V were compiled April 1, 1913, and are here reproduced. T. S. RODGERS, Captain, U. S. Navy, Director of Naval Intelligence, Office of Naval Intelligence, Navy Department y April , 191S. (3) 345602 Table I. BELATIVE OBDER OF WABSHIP TONNAGE. Present order (tonnage completed). Nation. Great Britain. Germany. ... United States France Japan Russia Itely Austria Tonnage. 2, 007, 247 865,984 763, 132 627, 787 471, 962 286, 930 224, 837 198, 159 As would be the case if vessels now building were completed. Nation. Great Britain. Germany. . .. United States France Japan Russia Italy Austria Tonnage. 2, 483, 545 1, 133, 878 929, 351 807, 717 616, 528 595,807 413, 882 260, 751 I Estimated. (4) Table III. PERSONNEL. [Apr. 1, 1913.) Hank. Admirals of the fleet Admirals Vice admirals Rear admirals Captains and commanders. . . Other line officers Midshipmen at sea Engineer officers Medical officers Pay officers Chaplains Warrant officers Enlisted men Marine officers Enlisted men (marines) Total England. 3 12 22 55 644 2,473 558 872 593 685 139 2,675 115, 079 457 • 20, 943 145, 210 France. 15 30 360 1,467 60 505 3 390 211 »2,445 55, 760 61, 243 Germany. 2 5 12 21 351 1,811 398 529 322 259 28 2,615 60,920 170 ^ 5, 826 73,269 Japan. 1 7 17 45 292 1,818 154 683 *368 341 1,520 42,043 47, 289 United States. »1 2 24 212 1,471 317 221 23 697 47,469 316 9,866 60, 617 I The Admiral of the Navy. » The United States now has, temporarily, as extra numbers, due to promotion for war service, and to officers restricted by law to engineering duty only on shore only 8 flag officers, 23 captains, 6 commanders, 10 lieutenant commanders, and 1 lieutenant. » Includes pharmacists and apothecaries. * Includes pharmaceutical officers. » Includes adjutants, premier maltres, and maltres of all branches. • Includes 3,130 men of the Coast Guard. ^ Marine infantry and seaman artUlery. (5) Table IV. VESSELS BUILT. [Apr. 1, 1913.] Battle- ships, Dread- nought type.i Battle- ships.* Battle cruis- ers.* Ar- mored cruis- Crais- ers.< De- stroy- ers. Tor- pedo boats. Subma- rines. Coast defense EnglaDd Germany United States France Japan Russia Italy Austria 16 11 8 2 1 2 40 20 24 20 13 8 8 6 34 9 11 20 13 6 9 3 74 39 15 10 14 9 5 4 •144 118 42 78 58 98 24 12 49 9 19 157 54 14 48 40 70 26 23 75 13 31 18 6 I Battleships having a main battery of all big guns (11 inches or more in caliber). • Battleships of (about) 10,000 tons or more displacement, and having more than one caliber in the main battery. « Armored cruisers having gims of largest caliber in main battery and capable of taking their place ta line of battle with the battleships. They have an increase of speed at the expense of carrying fewer guns in main battery, and a decrease in armor protection. • Includes all unarmored cruising vessels above 1,500 tons displacement. • Includes smaller battleships and monitors. No more vessels of this class are being proposed or built by the great powers. • Includes vessels of colonies. (6) Table V. VESSELS BUILDING OB AUTHOBIZED. [Apr. 1, 1913.] Battle- ships, Dread- nought type. Battle cruisers. Cruisers. Destroy- ers. Torpedo boats. Subma- rines. England * Geftnany '.. United States.... France 11 6 5 7 1 7 7 2 22 3 4 4 '14 4 2 2 3 MO 12 14 8 2 9 11 6 21 12 23 20 Japan ^ 2 Russia ' 8 Italy 2 Austria 7 1 England has no continuing shipbuilding policy, but usually lays down each year 4 or 5 armored ships with a proportional number of smaller vessels. * Includes vessels of colonies. « Germany has a continuing shipbuilding program, governed by a fleet law authorized by the Reichstag. For 1913 there are authorized 2 battleships, 1 battle cruiser, 2 cruisers, 12 destroyers. Eventual strength to consist of 41 battleships, 20 armored cruisers, 40 cruisers, 144 destroyers, 72 submarines. * $4,760,000 authorized for experiments and further construction. » $78,837,569 authorized to be expended from 1911 to 1917 for the construction of war vessels. * Russian shipbuilding program provides for the completion by 1918 of 4 battle cruisers, 8 small cruisers, 36 destroyers, and 18 submarines Fotu" battle cruisers and two cruisers have been contracted for and are included in the above table. Note. — Vessels undergoing trials are considered as completed. The following vessels are not included in the tables : Ships over 20 years old from date of launch unless they have been reconstructed and rearmed within 5 years; torpedo craft over 15 years old; trans- ports, colliers, repair ships, converted merchant vessels, or any other auxiliaries; vessels of less than 1,500 tons, except torpedo craft; torpedo craft of less than 50 tons. Table V includes vessels authorized but not yet laid down, as well as those actually under construction. (T) 8 Table VI. BATTLESHIPS AND ARMORED CRUISERS PRIOR TO THE DREADNOUGHT TYPE. [Apr. 1, 1913.] GREAT BRITAIN. Battleships Armored cruisers. GERMANY. Battleships Armored cruisers. T7NITED STATES. Battleships . Armored cruisers. FRANCE. Battleships Armored cruisers. JAPAN. Battleships . Armored cruisers. ITALY. Battleships . Armored cruisers. Num- ber. 40 34 20 9 24 11 20 20 13 13 Built.i Tons. 589, 385 406, 800 242, 800 94, 245 323, 858 149, 295 286, 005 201, 724 191, 380 138,483 96, 100 74,020 Guns, 8-inch and larger. 152 12^'' 8 lO^'' 52 9.2^'' 68 9.2'''' 40 ll^'' 40 9.5^'' 6 9.5^'' 44 8.3^'' 28 13^'' 68 12^-^ 136 S'' 16 lO^'' 32 S'' 70 12^-^ 10 10. S'' 72 9.4^-^ 68 ''7.6''' 52 12^'' 32 10^'' 6 8'' 16 12^'' 50 8'' 16 12^'' 8 10^'' 56 8'' 19 10'-' 6 8'' 1 Ships over 20 years old from date of launch not included. * 7.6-inch, largest caliber carried. Table VII. DREADNOUGHT TYPE OF BATTLESHIPS, WITH CONTEMPORARIES OF OVER 18,000 TONS DISPLACEMENT, AND ARMORED CRUISERS OF INVIN- CIBLE TYPE (NOW CALLED BATTLE CRUISERS). ' Built. Building. Number author- Num- ber. Tons. Guns. Num- ber. Tons.i Guns.i ized up to Apr. 1, 1913, but not yet building or ordered. GREAT BRITAIN. Battleships Battlecruisers 16 8 11 3 8 334-, 350 160, 800 ^36,490 64,364 167, 650 J 60 13. 5'' [100 12^-^ r 16 13. 5'' [ 48 12^'' r 78 12^-^ 1 48 ll^'' 28 IK 80 12^'' 1 ^^ 1 ' 1 ^ 3 5 291, 100 55,000 156, 220 81,000 140, 000 r60 13. 6'' [40 15^'' 16 13. 5'' r40 14^-' [20 12^^ r20 12^-^ [10 IV' 50 14^'' } '^ GERMANY. Battleships Battlecruisers... UNITED STATES. Battleships Battle cruisers... 1 ' 1 1 FRANCE. Battleships 7 161, 884 r30 13. 4'' [48 12^'' 4 Battle cruisers. . JAPAN. Battleships 2 41, 600 24 12^'' 1 4 7 4 7 30, 000 110, 000 158,540 128, 000 167, 100 10 15^' 32 14^'' 84 12^-^ 48 14^''? 1 20 14^'' 62 12^-^ Battle cruisers. . RUSSIA. Battleships Battle cruisers. . ITALY. Battleships Battle cruisers. . 1 18,600 12 12^^ AUSTRIA. Battleships Battle cruisers. . 2 40, 020 24 12^^ 2 40,020 24 12^^ 87074—13- 1 Estimated. — 2 2 Estimates 1913-14, 10 Table VII — Continued. DBEADNOUGHT TYPE OF BATTLESHIPS, WITH CONTEMPORARIES OF OVER 18,000 TONS DISPLACEMENT, AND ARMORED CRUISERS OF INVIN- CIBLE TYPE (NOW CALLED BATTLE CRUISERS)— Continued. Built. Building. Number author- Num- ber. Tons. Guns. Num- ber. Tons.i Guns.^ ized up to Apr. 1, 1913, but not yet building or ordered. BRAZIL. Battleships Battle cruisers. . 2 38,500 24 12^'' 1 27,500 14 12^'' ARGENTINA. Battleships 2 56,000 24 12^^ 1 Battle cruisers. . CHILE. Battleships 2 5fi. 000 20 14^'' Battle cruisers. . 1 Estimated. ^m 11 Table VIII. BATTLESHIPS, ARMORED CRUISERS, AND CRUISERS (SCOUTS) OF THE SIX PRINCIPAL NAVAL POWERS, LAUNCHED 1906-1912. Year. Bat- tle ships. Ton- nage. Arm- ored cruis- ers.! Ton- nage. Cruis- ers. Ton- nage. Total. Total tonnage. GREAT BRITAIN. 1906 3 3 2 2 3 5 4 • 50, 900 55, 800 38,500 39, 150 63, 000 115, 500 100,800 2 4 29, 200 66, 350 5 7 3 9 8 13 10 80,100 122, 150 41,800 1907 1908 1 6 4 5 5 3,300 25, 920 18, 660 22, 620 24, 900 1909 1 1 3 1 18, 750 26, 350 63, 950 27,000 83, 820 1910 108, 010 1911 202, 070 1912 152,700 Total 22 463, 650 12 231, 600 21 95,400 55 790,650 GERMANY. 1906 2 25, 964 2 22, 832 2 2 2 3 6,790 6,988 7,824 12, 843 6 2 7 7 2 8 5 55, 586 1907 6,988 1908 4 3 1 3 2 74, 408 67, 320 22,440 72,000 48, 220 15, 550 19,000 22, 637 22, 637 25,000 97, 782 1909 99, 163 1910 45, 077 1911 4 2 21,652 9,652 116, 289 1912 82, 872 Total 15 310, 352 7 127, 656 15 65, 749 37 503, 757 UNITED STATES. 1906 1 16,000 2 29,000 3 3 3 2 1 2 2 45,000 1907 ♦. 3 11, 250 11, 250 1908 3 2 1 2 2 52,000 41, 825 21, 825 52,000 54, 000 52,000 1909 41, 825 1910 21, 825 1911 52,000 1912 54,000 ' Total 11 237,650 2 29,000 3 11, 250 16 277,900 i Includes battle cruisers. 12 Table VIII — Continued. BATTLESHIPS, ARMORED CRUISERS, AND CRTHSERS (SCOUTS) OF THE SIX PRINCIPAL NAVAL POWERS, LAUNCHED 1906-1912— Continued. Year. Bat- tle- ships. Ton- nage. Arm- ored cruis- ers.^ Ton- nage. Cruis- ers. Ton- nage. Total. Total tonnage. JAPAN. 1906 1 1 19,350 19,800 1 2 13, 750 29,200 2 5 1 33,100 54, 380 1907 2 1 5,380 1,350 1908 1,350 1909 1910 1 1 20,800 20,800 ... . 1 4 2 20,800 1911 3 15, 000 35,800 1912 2 55,000 55,000 Total 4 80, 750 5 97,950 6 21, 730 15 200,430 FRANCE. 1906 1 1 1 13,428 13, 779 13, 779 1 2 1 5 1 2 2 13, 428 1907 1 14, 636 28, 415 1908 13, 779 1909 5 1 2 2 90, 145 18,029 46,184 46, 184 90, 145 1910 18, 029 1911 46, 184 46, 184 1912 Total ... 11 215, 178 3 40, 986 14 279, 256 RUSSIA. 1906 3 1 42,000 16,600 3 1 31,000 8,000 6 2 73,000 1907 24, 600 1908 1909 1910 1911 4 92,000 4 92,000 1912 Total 8 150, 600 4 39,000 12 189, 600 1 Includes battle cruisers. 13 05 o 1—1 rH ?5 Ol 05 05 05 Oi OS OS OS S^ 1—1 rH 1— ( 1— < rH rH rH T-\ rH CS o ^ p .^ ^ "^ M "1 i m bi) < ■4^ O O ^ ^ ^ 1 g . mH< c** mK* Maxi mum thickn( armo belt. S l-l Oi (SI (M (M 05 OS (M rH ■ ►^ r-H 1— 1 rH rH rH rH o "^ 03 lO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO (N B'^ o ;=! 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Date of contract or order. Keel laid. Launched. Commis- sioned. GREAT BRITAIN, Bellerophon Superb Collingwood Vanguard Neptune Monarch Thunderer King George V GERMANY. Nassau Westfalen Posen Rheinland Helgoland Kaiser UNITED STATES. South Carolina Michigan Delaware North Dakota Utah Wyoming FRANCE. Verity Voltaire Danton JAPAN. Satsuma Aki Kawachi 18, 600 18, 600 19, 250 19, 250 19, 900 22, 500 22, 500 24, 000 18, 602 18, 602 18, 602 18, 602 22, 440 24, 110 16, 000 16, 000 20, 000 20, 000 21, 825 26, 000 14, 636 18, 029 18, 029 19, 350 19, 800 20, 800 Sept., 1906 1 Dec, 1906 Oct., 1907 Mar., 1908 Nov., 19081 Dec, 1909 Dec, 1909 Nov., 1910 May, 1906 Oct., 1906 Apr., 1907 Apr., 1907 July, 1908 Sept., 1909 July, 1906 July, 1906 Aug., 1907 Aug., 1907 Nov., 1908 Oct., 1909 May, 1902 Dec, 1906 May, 19061 19041 19051 19081 Dec, 1906 Feb., 1907 Feb., 1908 Apr., 1908 Jan., 1909 Apr., 1910 Apr., 1910 Jan., 1911 Aug., 1907 Aug., 1907 July, 1907 July, 1907 Dec, 1908 Dec, 1909 Dec, 1906 Dec, 1906 Nov., 1907 Dec, 1907 Feb., 1909 Feb., 1910 , 1903 June, 1907 Jan., 1908 May, 1905 Mar., 1906 Apr., 1909 July, 1907 Nov., 1907 Nov., 1908 Feb., 1909 Sept., 1909 Mar., 1911 Feb., 1911 Oct., 1911 Mar., 1908 July, 1908 Dec, 1908 Sept., 1908 Sept., 1909 Mar., 1911 July, 1908 May, 1908 Feb., 1909 Nov., 1908 Dec, 1909 May, 1911 May, 1907 Jan., 1909 July, 1909 Nov., 1906 Apr., 1907 Oct., 1910 Feb., 1909 May, 1909 Apr., 1910 Mar., 1910 Jan., 1911 Apr., 1912 June, 1912 Nov., 1912 Oct., 1909 Nov., 1909 May, 1910 Apr., 1910 Aug., 1911 Aug., 1912 Mar., 1910 Jan., 1910 Apr., 1910 Apr., 1910 Aug., 1911 Sept., 1912 Jan., 1908 Aug., 1911 Feb., 1911 Apr., 1910 Apr., 1911 Apr., 1912 Built in Government dockyards. (17) Table XII. BATTLESHIPS AND BATTLE CRUISERS ^ AUTHORIZED, 1907-1912. 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 . 1912 , B.S. B.C. B.S. B.C. B.S. B.C. B.S. B.C. B.S. B.C. B.S. B.C. Great Britian. . Germany United States.. Japan 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 6 3 2 24 1 4 3 2 1 1 1 4 3 2 1 2 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 France 2 33 1 Armored cruisers able to take position in line of battle. » Includes two authorized by colonies. 8 Includes one to replace the Liberty. Table XIII. NAVAL EXPENDITURES. Year. England. Germany. United States. Japan. France. 1906 $167, 525, 238 $58, 405, 200 $104, 508, 719 $19, 231, 945 $60, 025, 405 1907 159, 758, 177 69, 210, 400 99, 693, 298 41, 076, 145 57, 394, 167 1908 160, 074, 573 80, 229, 800 129, 972, 971 40, 312, 533 58, 941, 096 1909 181, 936, 341 2 97, 722, 800 136, 935, 199 35, 870, 061 61, 064, 096 1910 206, 541, 168 2 103, 302, 773 131, 404, 640 37, 542, 184 74, 102, 439 1911 215, 996, 391 1 107, 232, 000 2 126, 405, 509 1 42, 944, 329 2 80, 371, 109 1912 1228,430,064 1 110, 715, 043 2 123, 151, 539 1 46, 158, 216 2 81, 692, 832 1913 1 235, 213, 489 1 111, 288, 618 140, 800, 643 1 89, 028, 626 1 Estim ates. aAuth( )rized. (18) Tabie XIV. COST OF SOME OF THE CAPITAL SHIPS EECENTLY COMPLETED. Name. Superb Neptune Hercules Orion Monarch . Lion Nassau Helgoland Von der Tann . Moltke Satauma Aki Danton Voltaire Minas Geraes . . Michigan South Carolina Delaware North Dakota. Type. B.S... B.S... B.S... B.S... B.S... B.C. B.S... B.S... B.C.. B.C.. B.S... B.S... B.S... B.S... B.S... B.S... B.S... B.S... B.S... Nation. England . do.. .do. do... do... do... Germany , do... .do. .do. do. France. do. Brazil United States. do .do. .do. Displace- ment. 18, 600 19,900 20, 000 22, 500 22, 500 26, 350 18, 602 22,440 19,000 22, 637 19, 350 19, 800 18, 030 18, 030 19, 250 16,000 16,000 20,000 20, 000 Year com- pleted. 1909 1911 1911 1912 1912 1912 1909^ 1911 1910 1911 1910 1911 1911 1911 1910 1910 1910 1910 1910 Total cost. $8, 158, 828 8,411,497 8, 087, 690 9, 337, 709 9, 182, 657 10,065,562 1 8, 748, 880 1 11, 209, 800 1 8, 726, 508 1 10, 491, 040 2 9, 262, 800 2 8, 764, 800 9, 641, 707 10, 520, 000 8, 863, 843 6, 805, 924 6, 683, 485 8, 034, 994 8, 472, 150 1 Amount appropriated. I Approximately. (19) 20 Table XV. Am CRAFT. [Apr. 7, 1913.] Mili- tary dirigi- bles. Private dirigi- bles (esti- mated). Military aeroplanes (includes monoplanes, biplanes, hydro- aeroplanes). Private aero- planes (esti- mated). Avia- tion fields. Pilots (mili- tary and civil- ian). Manu- fac- turers, Army. Navy. Austria: On hand 5 3 3 4 13 7 17 5 8 2 2 1 9 10 0) 2 40 6 35 Ordered .... 3 60 5 England: On hand 3 5 101 47 4^ '40 20 )0 154 1,000 Ordered .... France: On hand 31 382 21 Ordered .... 39 1,200 20 Germany: On hand 10 152 200 Ordered 36 320 15 Italy: On hand 100 30 20 100 5 Ordered Japan: On hand 14 200 Ordered 3 20 Russia: On hand 250 150 1,000 Ordered United States: On hand 20 3 *5 1 8 118 Ordered .... 13 320 6 1 One dirigible, which is practically useless, is on hand. The number of pilots can be given only approximately. There are a great many more under instruction who have not received their certificates as pilots. A large number of the private aeroplanes are experimental machines. On account of the great number of experimental aeroplanes con- structed, it is impossible to state the number of actual manufacturers definitely. FOREIGN SHIPBUILDING PROGRAMS. GREAT BRITAIN. The total naval estimates for 1912-13 amount to $228,430,064, as compared with $216,036,101 for the preceding year, while for 1910-11 the amount was $197,597,906. The total estimate includes a supple- mentary estimate of $4,817,835, and an increase of the enlisted per- sonnel by 1,500 men. The actual standard of new construction which the admiralty has :n fact followed during recent years has been to develop a 60 per cent superiority in vessels of the DreadnougTit type over the German navy on the basis of an existing fleet law. The shipbuilding program authorized for 1912-13 provides for the following new construction: Four large armored ships, 8 lightly armored ships, 20 destroyers, a group of submarines, 1 coast-guard cruiser, 4 oil-tank steamers, 1 water-tank vessel, and 2 tugs. During the year there were completed the battleships Conqueror and Thunderer, each of 22,500 tons displacement; the Centurion and King George V, of 24,000 tons; as well as the battle cruiser Princess Royal, of 26,350 tons, a sister ship of the Lion; and the New Zealand, of 18,800 tons. Of four battleships authorized in 1910 two have been completed, and of those of the 1911 program the Iron Duke and MarlhorougJi were launched this fall. These ships are of about 26,400 tons dis- placement. The four battleships of the 1912 program are, according to press reports, to be armed with eight 15-inch guns, to displace 27,500 tons, and have a designed speed of 25 knots. Two of these ships were laid down in October, while the contracts for the other two were awarded in November. The battle cruiser Tiger, author- ized in 1911, has been laid down, and will displace approximately 28,000 tons. All capital ships now building, excepting those of this year's program, will be armed with 13.5-inch guns. The contracts for the eight lightly armored cruisers were awarded during October. These ships, according to the First Lord of the Admiralty, are to be '^the smallest, cheapest, and fastest vessels, protected by vertical armor, ever projected for the British navy." The contracts for the 20 new destroyers have been awarded. It is believed that these vessels will have a displacement of 1,000 tons. Of the submarines authorized, neither the number nor the size has been officially announced. (21) 22 GERMANY. The total naval estimate for 1912-13 amounts to $110,715,043, as compared with $107,232,000 for 1911-12. The fleet law has been amended so as to provide by 1920 a fleet to comprise 41 battleships, 20 large cruisers, and 40 small cruisers, an increase of 3 battleships and 2 small cruisers. It is proposed to build 6 submarines yearly, and by allowing a life of 12 years to maintain an establishment of 72 boats. The amendment further provides for the maintenance in full commission of about four-fifths of the fleet. The naval appropriation bill for 1912-13 authorized the following new construction: One battleship, 1 battle cruiser, 2 small cruisers, 12 destroyers, 6 sul«^marines, and 1 submarine salvage ship. As usual, there is an increase in the personnel to meet the increased needs of the service. Provision is made for 282 additional officers and 5,454 enlisted men. During the year there were completed the battleships Oldenburg of 22,435 tons, the Kaiser and Friedrich der Grosse of 24,110 tons dis- placement. The battle cruiser Goeben has been completed; she has a displacement of 22,632 tons, mounts ten 11-inch guns, and on trials attained a speed of 28.6 knots. FRANCE. The total naval appropriation for 1912 amounts to $81,692,832, as compared with $80,371,109 appropriated for 1911. The shipbuilding program authorized for 1912 provides for the following new construction: Three battleships, 9 submarines, and 1 transport. The original program authorized two battleships, but a third was provided for to replace the Liberie. There has been no addition of capital ships to the fleet during the year, but increased activity has become manifest in all shipyards, and work on the new construction is progressing rapidly. Nine destroyers and several submarines have, however, been completed during the year. The battleships of the 1912 program will mount ten 13.4-inch guns in center-line turrets. A four-gun turret is under consideration for future ships, JAPAN. The total naval estimate for the year 1912-13 amounts to $46,- 158,216, an increase of $2,926,971 over the estimates for 1911-12. The unexpended balance of the existing appropriation, '^ Expenses for maintaining naval preparation," amounts to $123,839,443, to be expended in six years, up to and including 1916-17. The allot- ment for maintenance and construction for 1912-13 amounts to $24,144,446, as against $21,768,673 for the year 1911-12. .■-^ 23 During the year the following ships have been completed: The battleships Settsu and KawacJii, both of 20,800 tons, armed with twelve 12-inch guns; and three 4,950-ton cruisers, the Yahagi, Hirado, and Ghilcuma; two 600-ton destroyers and one submarine. The battleship Fuso, authorized in 1911, has been laid down. She is to have a displacement of approximately 30,000 tons and mount 14-inch guns. Three battle cruisers of the 1911 program have been laid down in Japan. They are of the Kongo class, 27,500 tons dis- placement, armed with 14-inch guns, and a designed speed of 29 knots. RUSSIA. The naval estimates for 1912, ordinary and extraordinary expen- ditures, amount to $84,630,780. This is an increase over the budget as voted last year of $28,061,933. The naval program as prepared under the direction of the minister of marine and authorized by the Duma includes the following items: (1) For new construction, fitting out and enlargement of ports, etc., $221,450,000. (2) For completion of ships building and current ^^ expenses, $403,245,000. Item (1) constitutes the smaU shipbuilding o^ v^ji" program which is to be executed in five years. ^ The new construction includes 4 battle cruisers, 4 protected cruisers, 36 destroyers, and 12 submarines for the Baltic, 4 protected cruisers for the Black Sea, 2 protected cruisers and 6 submarines for the Pacific. It was decided that the annual installments should be asked for as separate yearly credits. The only addition to the fleet during the year has been the Novik, a destroyer of 1,260 tons displacement, with a speed of 36 knots. There are under construction, however, 7 battleships of 23,000 tons, 4 battle cruisers of 28,000 tons, 9 destroyers, and 6 submarines. ITALY. The naval appropriation for 1912-13 amounts to $41,893,420. Of this amount $21,722,536 is for the maintenance of existing vessels and for new construction now in hand or to be commenced. The naval appropriation law does not specify the number or type of ships to be laid down, this being left to the discretion of the navy department, but the following new construction has been decided upon: Two battleships, 6 destroyers, 6 torpedo boats, and 6 submarines. During the year there were completed the battleship Bante Ali- gliieri, of 18,600 tons displacement, mounting twelve 12-inch guns in four center-fine turrets, 1 scout cruiser of 3,220 tons, besides several torpedo craft and submarines. There are under construction, besides the 2 battleships provided for this year, 5 battleships, 2 scout cruisers, and several torpedo craft and submarines. 24 AUSTRIA. . The total naval estimates for 1912 amount to $28,167,714. Refer- ring to the program adopted by the Austro-Hungarian delegations in the autumn of 1910, which authorized an expenditure of $63,417,200 for shipbuilding in six installments during the years 1911 to 1916, inclusive, the amount apportioned for this year for new construction is $13,601,000, which is to be expended on the ships now building. The amount apportioned for 1912 ($13,601,000) was increased by the granting of an extraordinary credit of $8,120,000 on October 14, 1912, by the delegations. The total amount appropriated for the navy for the year 1912 is, therefore, $36,287,714. The only new construction provided for this year is one mining vessel of 1,000 tons displacement. During the year the battleship Viribus Unitus,' of 20,010 tons dis- placement, mounting twelve 12-inch guns in four center-line turrets, has been added to the fleet. Three battleships, 3 small cruisers, 6 destroyers, 12 torpedo boats, and 7 submarines are under construction. SPAIN. Spain, in 1908, provided a program for the upbuilding of her navy, as follows : Tons each. 3 battleships of about 15, 000 3 torpedo-boat destroyers 350 24 torpedo boats 180 4 gunboats of about 1, 000 ARGENTINA. Argentina has provided for a program of 2 large battleships and 12 destroyers and authorized increasing the program, if required, to 3 large battleships and 16 destroyers. BRAZIL. In December, 1904, Brazil provided for a shipbuilding program, which has since been modified (put into execution in 1907), and now includes : 3 battleships. 2 scout cruisers. 10 torpedo-boat destroyers. All of the above vessels except one battleship have been completed and dehvered to Brazil. The third battleship is now under con- struction in England. PROGRAMS FOR 1913-14. The programs for 1913-14, so far as they have been determined or published, are as follows : GEE AT BEITAIN. The total naval estimates for 1913-14 amount to $235,213,489 as compared with $228,430,065 for the year 1912-13 (including the supplementary estimate). The principal increases occur under the heads of Pay of Personnel, Victualing and Clothing, and Naval Armaments. The increase in personnel is due to the requirements of new ships being placed m commission and under construction. The total number of officers and men will reach 146,000. The total cost of new construction is $77,662,162. The estimates provide for the laying down during the year of 5 capital ships, 8 light cruisers, 16 destroyers, and a group of subma- rines. An additional battleship, the gift of the Federated Malay States, has been contracted for. The Canadian Government has under consideration a bill which provides for a grant of £7,000,000 to the Crown, for the construction of three first-class ships. GERMANY. The total naval estimates for 1913-14 submitted to the Reichstag in the latter part of November, 1912, amount to $111,288,618. The ordinary recurring expenditure is $46,935,805; the nonrecurring ordi- nary expenditure is $52,179,113; the extraordinary expenditure is $12,173,700; this is an increase over last year's (1912-13) final estimates (the ordinary estimates and the supplementary estimates being taken together) of $573,574. Increase of personnel is provided as follows: Two hundred and twenty- three additional officers, 6,125 enlisted men. The total strength of the personnel of the Navy will in 1913 be 3,394 officers and 69,495 men. The provisions for new ships are according to the program laid down in the fleet law, and provide for the construction of 2 battle- ships, 1 battle cruiser, 2 small cruisers, 1 gunboat, 1 torpedo-boat flotilla (12 boats), and $4,760,000 for submarine construction and experiment. The construction of a new imperial yacht was also appropriated for. FRANCE. The naval estimates for 1913-14 submitted to the Chamber of Deputies carries a total appropriation of $89,028,626. Of this amount $22,946,738 is for new construction and provides for the laying down of 2 battleships, 3 destroyers, 3 submarines, and 1 river gunboat. It also includes the first instalments for the two battle- (25) 26 ships provided in the fleet law for 1914. Those two ships were to have been begun January 1, 1914, but recent advices indicate that they wlQ be laid down in October, 1913. A further increase in the present shipbuilding program is under discussion. RUSSIA. The naval estimates for 1913-14 amount to $118,643,820. This is an increase over the revised estimates of 1912-13 of $36,624,187. This increase is in accordance with the shipbuilding program of June 23, 1912, known as the Small Shipbuilding Program, which provides for 4 battle cruisers, 8 cruisers, 36 destroyers, and 12 sub- marines, and the previous arrangements for ships to be built for the Black Sea and the Baltic. The principal items of this increase are as follows: New construction of ships, $16,878,390; armament, $8,810,722; naval ports, $8,104,558. JAPAN. The Ashai states that a scheme drawn up by Admiral Takarabe for the expansion of the Navy estimates, based on an imaginary enemy, disposing of 21 battleships, has been accepted. It provides at present for the construction of 3 Dreadnoughts of ^the most powerful type and for the eventual carrying out of a scheme of [8 Dreadnoughts, 4 battle cruisers, 8 scouts, and 40 destroyers, at a cost of £36,500,000. It was originally proposed to build 8 Dreadnoughts, 8 battle cruisers, 16 scouts, 48 destroyers, costing £54,000,000, but this scheme was cut down to meet financial exigencies. ITALY. The total naval appropriation for 1913-14 amounts to $49,550,147. This is an increase of $7,691,116 over the appropriation for the preceding year. The enlisted strength is increased by 2,000 men, namely, from 33,000 to 35,000. AUSTRIA. The naval estimates for 1913 amount to $28,959,168. Of this amount $13,885,200 constitutes the extraordinary credit for new construction allotted for the year 1913, and $15,073,968, the ordinary expenditure. Under these two heads the total amount available for new construction is $15,976,100. The personnel is hereby increased as follows: 1 rear admiral, 3 captains, 5 commanders, 31 lieutenants, 12 midshipmen, 5 medical officers, 27 engineers, 6 paymasters, and 1,500 petty officers and men. The strength will be increased from 14,000 to 21,000 men in 1916. The naval estimates for 1914, submitted to the Austrian Delega- tions in March, 1913, carries the first installments for the construc- tion of three Dreadnoughts to replace the ships of the Mon irch class. CONTINirOTTS SHIPBXniDING PEOGRAMS. GERMANY. Year. Battle- ships. Armored cruisers. Small cruisers. 1908 3 3 3 3 ^2 1 1 1 12 1 2 1909 2 1910 2 1911 2 1912 .... 2 1913 2 1914 2 1915 2 1916 2 1917 22 1 Includes one additional ship under the amendment; « Includes one additional ship outstanding from the fleet law. The fleet law amended June 9, 1912, now provides for an estab- lishment, in 1920, of 41 battleships, 20 large cruisers, and 40 small cruisers, all less than 20 years old, and 144 torpedo craft and 72 submaruies, less than 12 years old. The last amendment carried an increase of 3 battleships and 2 small cruisers, and further provides that about four-fifths of the fleet shall be kept in full commission. GREAT BRITAIN. Great Britain has no fixed program, but her policy now is to develop a supremacy of 60 per cent in vessels of the Dreadnought type over the German Navy on the basis of an existing fleet law. (27) 28 FRANCE. On March 30, 1912, the French Government adopted a ship build- ing program which provides for the completion by 1920 of 13 battle- ships and 6 scout cruisers. This new construction is to be laid down as follows: Year. Battle- ships. Scout cruisers. Year. Battle- ships. Scout cruisers. 1912 3 2 2 4 1916 2 1913 1917 2 1914 1918 2 1915 1919 2 RUSSIA. The naval program as prepared under the direction of the Minister of Marine and authorized by the Duma includes the following items : (1) For new construction, fitting out and enlargement of ports, etc., $221,450,000. (2) For completion of ships building and current expenses, $403,245,000. Item (1) constitutes the small shipbuilding program which is to be executed in Rye years. The new construction includes four battle cruisers, four protected cruisers, thirty-six destroyers, and twelve submarines for the Baltic, two protected cruisers for the Black Sea, two protected cruisers and six submarines for the Pacific. The amount available for 1912-13 is $103,515,000. It was decided that the annual installments should be asked for as separate yearly credits. ITALY. Italy has a shipbuilding program extending to the year 1917-18. A certain sum is allowed each year for new constructions and the maintenance of the fleet. The number and type of ships to be laid down each year is determined by the Minister of Marine, therefore it is not possible to know what vessels are to be built until the navy department has made its decision. AUSTRIA. The present shipbuilding program expires in 1915 with the com- pletion of the four battleships authorized in 1911. An additional program is under consideration. No other countries have continuous shipbuilding programs. BEFERENCE BOOKS. PROBABLY MAY BE FOUND IN A PUBLIC LIBRARY. Navy Yearbook (Pulsifer). — Giving annual appropriations and various acts relating to the Navy, beginniag 1883; alphabetical list of all United States vessels, with data on same; list of vessels of the principal navies of the world, etc. Printed as a congressional document. Fighting ships (Jane). — Giving a detail description of all fighting ships and showing silhouettes, plans, and elevations of ships, descrip- tion of uniforms, lists of naval bases, etc. The Naval PocTcetboolc (Clowes) . — Giving detail description of indi- vidual ships, lists, and numbers, data concerning guns, etc. The Naval Annual (edited by Viscount Hythe) . — Giving a series of essays on the navies of the world, lists, and numbers, and plan and elevation of principal ships. For recommendations to Congress and reports of the various bureaus, see annual reports of the Secretary of the Navy. The tables of ^'Warship tonnage" and ^'Sea strength" (Tables I to V, ante) of the principal naval powers are published annually by the Office of Naval Intelligence. (29) O / i J ,/>-^ THIS BOOK ON THE nlr/t. ''^ ^° R^URN WILL INCREASE TO^n 7 ''"^- "^"^ PENALTY DAY AND'T;'"sIoO^ON'THVBJ:r"^'^'^^" OVERDUE. ^"^ SEVENTH DAY [— 4lUt-44a -100w-7,'40 (6936s) Q. Syracuse, N. Y. Stockton, Calif. LIBRA DY I ICE 14 DAY USE ROTURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. Tel. No. 642-3405, . ^ j ^ PMiewals may be made 4 days pnor to date due. ISS^Sd £Scs are subject to immediate recalL )WED IME Mlli3Z^^ BFtrniD m/2 7'77.iy ^^^^ ^" LD2lA-40m-3,*72 (Q1173Sl0)476-A-32 General Libraty . University of Calif orma Berkeley