A N ; , _- . _- _ -._-- -Ci'a^a^se'SiigSSftg^gS^S^- - -, : Words of Thought BY REV. H. BRODSKY Author of "MBISEY CHOSHAV" Rabbi in Newark, N. J. NEW YORK 5668 _ . i 2 CONTAINING Speaches and Teachings on Morals Lectures on Timely Topics and Many Brilliant Sayings by the Sages of the Talmud CONTAINING Speeches and Teachings on Morals Lectures on Timely Topics and Many Brilliant Sayings by the Sages of the Talmud BY REV. H. BRODSKY Author of "MEISKY CHOSHAV" Rabbi in Newark, N. J. NEW YORK 5668 J. Aronson, Printer and Stationer, 122 East Broadway, N. Y. Annex . -; ''' CONTENTS Table of Errors The Time of the Giving of the Law A Sermon on Peace and Unity An Oration on Education - The Laying of the Corner Stone Treating on the Synagogue and Hebrew Schools Dedicational Sermon A Eulogy on Wm. McKiuley A Letter of Condolence to Mrs. McKinley A Letter to the President Roosevelt Two-hundred and Fifty Maxims In Hebrew with English Translation TABLE OF ERRORS PAGE LINE MISTAKE CORRECTION a 7 Uhto Unto 6 11 It If 9 5 Have beheld Have not beheld 9 16 Filled violence Filled with violence 10 11 Childern Children 11 1 Never Ever 11 24 God that God; but that 12 7 Dwellt Dwell 12 19 All mercy All-merciful 13 10 The Thy 13 11 Device Devise 15 2 Deducted Deduced 16 5 Arragant Arrogant 16 11 Made Unable 18 5 Ingenious Detestable 20 7 Hu manity! bombas t j c Humanity! but only bombastic fna TEXT: We have learned upon the authority of ' Rabbi Meier as follows: "Why was the Law given to Israel? Because they were impudent". The disciples of Rav Meier taught : It is written (Deutr. XXXIII-2) "From His right hand He gave a fiery Law unto them^" which signifies that the recipients are only fit fora fiery Law." Said Rav: "Their entire Law (Das) is of fire; for were the Law not given unto Israel no nation would have been capable of with- standing them." Rashi's explanation of this passage in the Talmud is as follows : "They were impudent in their wickedness, therefore, the Law was given unto them, in order that they may study it; thus their might will be weakned and their hearts made tender. Not their entire Law (Das) is of fire, but their custom is fiery, which is synonymous with "They are themselves as fire.'' (Tract Beitza 36) The question "Why was the Law given to Israel?" stands alone in this one section of the Babylonian 4 Talmud, nor can a similar query be found in any Tract of the Babylonian or the Jerusalem Talmud,, nay, not even in the Midrashim (Lectures). To the thinker, however, a question, graver in its importance and far more reasonable, would present itself, namely : "Can a nation, or even a race, exist without a Law? In fact, is there a nation without some code of law, be it ever so crude?" Small wonder is it indeed, that a nation of men, just released from the yoke of slavery, just breathing the exhilarating breath of liberty and freedom, should be given a law to govern their over- flowing spirits and receive a check to their exhuberant feelings. Astonishing as is the question propounded by the sages f still more so is the answer. ''Because they were impudent!" thus implying, that had they not been impudent, no law would have been given them, which is directly contradictory to the passage found in Tract Nedarim 22a, viz: "R.Elazarsaidinthe name of R. Hanine: If Israel had not sinned^ only the Pentateuch and the Book of Joshua would have been given them''. Hence sin was instrumental in pro- curing for them the Prophets, the Hagiographa, etc, (but not, as we plainly see the Pentateuch, which would have been given them even had they not sinned) Leaving questions, answers and contradictions aside, the explanation of Rashi furnishes a still greater cause for astonishment. In the first instance he adds to the answer 'because they were impudent' the supplementary term in wickedness' and then calmly asserts, that the study (mind you. not the f u 1 f i 1 1 m e n t) of the law weakens might and makes tender the heart. Not alone this, but he even adds boldly ''Israel's custom is fiery it burns!" Another fagot to the auto-da-fe! Moreover, this explanation is in itself contradictory to the statement of the disciples of R. Meier, who claimed that the recipients of the Law were fit only for a fiery Law. How can people whose custom, whose behavior, is in itself fiery be fit only for a fiery law? Would this not be adding fuel to the flame? In order more fully to understand the purport of the preceding argument, let us look into the Jewish Law ? its aims, its intent, its object, and its foundation. Before, however, entering into the subject, we must interlude the well-known narrative related in Abodah Zarah (idolatry), page 2a, ameiit the passage (Deut. XXXIII-2) "The Lord came up fron Sinai and rose up from Seir unto them. He shone forth from Alt. Paran, and He came from among myriads of Saints,'' "What business did the Lord have in Seir 6 and in Paran?" questions the Qemara, and the answer is; "The Lord went to every nation and to every tongue and begged them to accept the Scriptures, but they refused," etc., etc. The conclusion of the nar- rative is as follows: ''Infer, therefore, that the Lord finally took hold of Mount Sinai, bent it over as one would a vessel, so that it hung over the heads of the Israelites f and said: "If ye will accept the Law it is well if not there shall ye be buried," Naturally, there must be some relation between the narration and the previous statement quoted in the text. It all the nations were so loath to accept it, if the Israelites were forced into acceptance on pain of instant de- struction, surely it must have been fiery, terrible, aweinspiring. As a matter of fact, we find in Tract Megillah the surprising assertion T that notwithstand- ing that dire threat the Israelites did not even then fully accept the Law. That even to this day the Law has not yet been accepted, the following fact cannot but prove. The members of the great Synod, the original formulators of our present prayers and benedictions, were extremely cautious in presenting facts in their proper light. For instance, in editing the benedic- tions for the Passover Festival, they used the ex- pression 'The Festival which their host ordained on the day we were released from bondage,' a benedic- tion strictly in accordance with facts. When editing the benedictions for the feast of Tabernacles, they call it 'the time of our rejoicing,' and rightly so; for the express command of the Law is to rejoice on that festival. When coming to the New Year Day, how- ever, notwithstanding the fact that we all believe it to be the day of judgment, that it is generally ac- cepted as the day of the creation, and celebrated as the first day of the year, they contented themselves with designating it merely as the day of the sounding of the trumpet: not one word is used that would tend to particularize any one of the several causes for its celebration. Then, arriving at the benedictions for Pentecost, they call that festival "the time of the giving of the Law," but not ''of the acceptance of the Law.' And why not "of the acceptance?" Simply and purely because we have not yet accept- ed it. This means to say, that the Law is still being given. Still is the mountain inclined downward upon us; still the heavenly voice is calling: "If ye accept it, it is Wei 1 i f no t t here shall ye be buried!" "There, "not "here" Not under this mountain, but then 3 among the nations, shall ye be buried 1 If ye will accept it, ye will be an independent nation^ respected and esteem- ed by all others, if ye will accept the Law, concern- ing which it is written (Levit. XXXI-46): "Which the Lord made between Him and the children of Israel," ye shall remain an independent nation. If ye will not accept it. however, than scattered shall ye be amongst the nations; your independence shall ye forfeit and respect for you shall vanish; ye shall not be as the nation concerning which it is written (Deut. IV-8), "And what great nation is 'there, that has statues and ordinances so righteous as is all this Law," etc.; but ye shall become a debased nation, a stubborn race, which shall not be received among the other nations and no more shall ye be called the nation of Israel, nor shall your Law be called the law of Israel, but it shall be known as the custom of Israel (in accordance with the explanation of Rashi); for it is known in accordance with the works of our sages, as fish cannot exist without water, Israel can- not exist without the Law. What distinction has our Law, that is called the Law between tbe Lord and Israel and not between the Lord and other nations? What kind of Law is it concerning which the Gemara states, that Satan came to the Lord and complained, that he had scoured the heavens, the earth, the seas, ye, even Oehanna, but always received the reply, "We have heard of it with our ears, but with our eyes we have beheld it". (Tract Sabbath 896 ) Shall we assume that the Law forbidding theft, robbery, murder, i. e. all Laws of conscience are meant? Should Israel boast of that Law. Should Israel pride itself on that Law ordaining which kind of animals should be eaten and which should not? Which nation should boast of such Laws? We well know that Laws of property have ex- isted since earliest days of mankind and proof is, that we find it written (Genesis VI-13), "For the earth was filled violence through them, "and immed- iately afterwards the flood destroyed the inhabitants thereof. Thus it is evident, that the laws of owner- ship of property, etc , cannot be distinguishing feat- ures of Israel's Law in general, but that there must be some subtle thing which it is difficult to observe and is not contained in the codes of other races. Now let us see what that "subtle thing'' is. After establishing all the ordinances regarding com- merce, rights, property, diet and virtue in the four 10 books preceding Deuteronomy, Moses made a most salient feature of his enactment of the proclamation : "Hear O Israel! The Lord our God is the One Eternal Being," which v/as followed by the injunction, "And thou Israel, love the Lord the God," etc., and as it is known that only an object which can be seen can be loved, but not one that cannot be seen, the words of the injunction are explained as follows: In a book called Tana Der-ai Eliyaher, Elijah says, Thus said the Holy One, blessed be He, to Israel : "My blessed childern! Do I then lack anything which I should beg of you" which signifies "I am the One Eternal Being who hath existed from eternity. Can I then lack anything? Still I merely beg of ye that ye shall love one another, i. e., although I, who cannot derive any benefit from you wha- tever, nevertheless, love you, so shall ye love one another unselfishly and not with an eye toward any benefit which ye might derive from one another. Thus also shall ye esteem one another and fear one another, not with the fear of harm and injury which ye could inflict upon one another but with the awe of respect and thoughtfulness". Such a Law was not to be found among other nations nor was ever such an apparent impossibility 11 never demanded of another human race and therefore when a Gentile who wished to embrace Judaism came to Hillel and made his conversion conditional upon his ability to learn the Jewish Law while standing on one foot, and Hillel answered ''That which thou wouldst not have others do unto thee do thou not unto others! this is the Law! all else is but a commentary upon it. Go and study." Nothing new and remarkable was presented in the o^d adage "What thou wouldst not that others do unto thee," etc., for that was said fifteen cen- turies prior even to Hillel's time by the Chinese Confucius: but that remarkable statement was ''Go and study; for all else that is written is but a commentary to that adage". Upon this main point, advanced by Hillel, Rashi based his wonder- ful assertion, that study refines character and makes tender the heart. Our sages, on the other hand, planned to devise means by which that study could be carried on, and to that end took as their foun- dation the injunction issued by Moses " Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart", explain- ing it thus: Not that thou shalt love the Lord thy God, that through thee and thy deeds God shall be loved (Yomah Alphes 86.) Immediately following 12 this, the manner in which this should be accomplished is treated upon, namely : Thy dealings with thy fellow- man should be conducted with honesty and fairness and thy transactions with all creatures shall be car- ried on in peace and love. Elaborate illustrations of humanity, brotherly love and charity are then ren- dered and dwell upon at length by reference to the Tract mentioned and more especially to Yalkut Shimoni 1838. Note the conclusion however of the entire passage; it is characteristic and reads as fol- lows: In order that men might say "Well is it to him who had studied the Law and woe is to him who hath not". When the sages arrived at the passage (Deut XI, 22)" Love the Lord your God, to walk in all his ways, and to cleave unto him" they immediately asked, "How can this be done, how can a man cleave unto the Shechina?" The answer was ; ''thou shalt cleave unto His ways, as he is all mercy in accordance with the previous statement made by him. "Do I then lack anything?" He is long suffering, doing good unto others, so shalt thou also be merciful, long suffer- ing and beneficient, which signifies, that all thy ways shall be radiant with mercy and not permeated with selfishness, for tyranny is prohibited towards all 13 creatures and not alone toward thy fellow-man. For that reason the sages continue by saying: "Thou shalt honor every man (Tract Derech Eretz Ch 1). "If thou hast done much good^" it is said further "let it be in thine eyes as if thou hast done but little ; for the beneficiary being thy equal, thou canst not say that thou hast done too much for him. The honor of man is so great, that whatever thou canst do for him with- out injury to thyself, it is thy duty to do; therefore, if thon wouldst draw nigh unto the affection of the f ellowman, thou must go and discuss, plan, device, and deliberate upon the means with which thou canst benefit him; i.e. ? it is not enough if thou hast done anything for him to think that he was benefited thereby, but thou must consider with others what will be best for him and in which manner thou canst best benefit him." Concluding they say, that the man who is constantly seeking and striving for peace, whose salutation is peace and whose farewell is peace, the Holy One, blessed be He, will give him for his inherit- ance both this world and the world to come. The same remarks may be found in Tract Bera- choth (17a) : An old adage constantly in Abaye's mouth and related by him not in the idiom remarks of the day, but in pure ancient Hebrew was : ''A man 14 must always be alert concerning the fear of the Lord. His answer to all must be mild; with his an- swer he must pacify the anger of another. He must speak peacefully with all men. even with the stranger in the markets^ in order that he may be beloved above, (i. e.) by his inferior who cannot comprehend his eru- dition, but likes his manners), and be agreeable to all mankind." Such is the Law which the Lord gave to Israel through Moses, and which cannot but be a source of pride and a mark of distinction above all other na- tions; for no race, no tongue, has received it prior to the time of Moses, and only since then have others accepted part of this code of ethics and embodied it in their social laws. As a matter of course, the study of such a law and the observance of its behests would lead to the weakening of impudence, to the abrogation of arro- gance, to the downfall of egotism, and by creating the self-respect necessary to the welfare of every man elicit respect from others. And thus R. Meier was induced to propound the question. "Why was the Law given to Israel?" i. e. why were just the Israelites compelled under pain of instant destruction to accept the Law, and why 15 were not the other nations forced to accept it? An answer to this query could be deducted from a saying in the Talmud. Rabbi Shimeon Ben Lakish characterizes Israel as a nation that predominates over all other nations. Israel as a nation has a pre- abundance of energy and innate pride, and his imme- diate ambition is to be on a higher plane and constantly superior to his fellow men. This, our sages consider as detrimental to the welfare of all other nations, and therefore was the Law given unto Israel. The Law instills brotherly love to our fellow man, refines character and makes tender the heart. If the Law were not given unto Israel other nations would not be able to exist. Let us now proceed and investigate whether this Law has really been accepted; whether we truly study it and whether indeed our pride and ambition have been lessened thereby ? Did not our sages themselves say 2000 years after the Law was given, that Israel has still the same characteristic against which the Law was given unto him ? Thus we see, that the main object of the giving of the Law was not by any means accomplished, for we are still the most arrogant among all others, and small wonder is it; if our arrogance is to be lessened, if our impudence is to be lowered, we must study the Law ; but do we really study it ? As a matter of fact, is this not all trash ? How arrogant are our wealthy men ? How arrogant our Ministers! How arragant our officials and leaders f How impudent oar Authors! our editors, and how impudent our poor men! Now, then where is our Law? Were then not our sages correct when they said, that Satan sought in every corner of the world, in the earth and in the sea 5 everywhere, for the Law and was made to find it. Indeed if we commence to seek for it among all our different sects we shall find neither the time, the Law nor those that study it. If we should seek it among our orthodox, among our conservative, we will find that they fear it, that it inspires them with awe, but not that they observe it or that they study it. If we seek it among our reformers we will find the laws of Protestanism, Catholicism, Buddhism, Mohammedanism, etc., but not the Law given on or beneath the mountain, not the Law of Moses not the Law of the Talmud as pictured previously ; not the Law that lessens arrogance, or softens the heart. In the extremes of Israel's faith (between or- 17 thodox and reform) there are "great searchings of heart (Judges B-16) which signifies that each sect if that they can be called, holds up an altar for itself and says "This is the Law which we retain as the inheritance of Moses", but the golden calf is not eliminated from the altars of either. Can we find the true Law among these men of the two extremes ? Let some one point them out and exhibit his Law. In the passage Proverbs 111-17, the law is re- ferred to in the words: "Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace" and our sages, who desired to demonstrate how fervently our Law strove for peace and unity, explained the passage (Hosea IV-17) : Ephraim is bound to idols let him alone" to mean, even if Ephraim is bound to idols, if there be but unity and peace within the ranks and all are bound together by bonds of love, let him alone, because if there is peace and unity, although at the moment he serves idols, he will finally develope his mind, see the evil of his ways and with the same unity and peace re- turn to the right path, but if their hearts be di- vided, then shall they bear their guilt (Hosea X-2) even if they serve the true God and are appa- IS rently righteous, if their heart be but divided, they shall bear their guilt, Thus we see, that even when the gravest offence in the Judaic code in concerned, when idolatry, the most heinous of all abominations ingenious? of all Prohibitions is in question, the sages nevertheless counsel peace and unity, trusting to this basis of the true Law to set matters right and eventually to restore the true faith. How is this basis of the true law observed in our day ? with what veneration do we regard the peaceful policy of the sages ? No picture too dismal can be drawn, no pen can fitly des- cribe the continual bickerings, the continuous strife waged within our ranks: Turning to the ortho- dox party, one Rabbi villifies the other, one says this is permitted, the other this is prohibited; one claims all the learning and calls the other an ignoramus to agree with his colleague would be a mortal sin, a virtual sacrifice of the digni- ty of his exalted office. Our authors bubbling over with petty jealousy, judging one another, their fame or notoriety, as the case may be their delight, their acme of pleasure lies in the power to belittle the efforts of the other, no 19 means fair or foul being despised to accomplish their unworthy ends. Regard for the feelings of a fellow- author is out of the question. The sanctity of home, the privacy of the hearth is rudely intruded upon; nothing is sacred, nothing is considered. It is not the merit or the defects of the production that is but a secondary consideration, the life, the very existence of the author is the target at which the arrows tipped with the venom of spite are aimed. What matters it, that a life is wrecked, that a home is destroyed, if but the ghoul can revel in the grave of the victim ? While speaking of authors and literary men it would not be amiss to make special mention of some of the recently inaugurated Hebrew literati from the eastern part of Europe. No one will deny that among them are men of thought and scholarship, men who have made a life-long task of study and research. To detract one iota from their ability would be doing them an injustice, and unhampered by censors, per- perfectly free from their shores of liberty, could they not give their genius full vent ? Could they not with the opportunities offered lend their energies, their talent towards uplifting those looking towards them for wisdom and guidance. What are they doing, however, towards the accomplishment of so noble a 20 work ? What samples of their talent, what achieve- ments of their genius can we record ? Alas! Nothing of a character leading to the higher education of the masses dependent for their literary perusals upon the product of those self -same authors, nothing leading to a higher conception of the law and life of love, charity and humanity! bombastic, pretentious literature, penetrated with the all-pervading "Ego sum ego!" always the same mad frenzied effort to prove them- selves superior to the fellow sitting opposite them in the same coffee-house; the same wild desire to prove Tom an ignoramus, Dick a prevaricator, Harry a per- verter of facts, and above all the strenuous endeavor to prove one's self the one important pivot upon which all wheels of state, society, decorum, knowledge and what not revolve. O,ye scribes! when will ye,the cream of foreign intellect, turn towards the acceptance of the law of peace and mercy! If those men would only join hands, if they would only strive for right, not might, if instead of their wasting their talent, to say nothing of writing material, on personal abuse and villifica- tion, they would combine their efforts towards exhi- biting the good that undoubtedly lurks in their by no means barren minds, not alone would they gain in self-respect, and thus command the respect of their 21 intellectual inferiors, but in a very short time they would evoke the esteem of their American peers, and would by very force of their present ill-used genius exact recognition from men superior to them only in behavior, but not in ability . As it is, they not only forfeit their self-respect but become a laughing-stock among the people who finally treat them all alike, great and small, with the contempt born of familiarity and debasement . We all celebrate day when the law was given us, but when shall we finally celebrate the day of its acceptance ? When shall we accept the precious gift which was given us for our benefit, for the upbuilding of our fortune and for the maintenance of the inte- grity of our race ? When will the understanding en- ter our hearts, that every minute, every hour, the ful- filment of that significant warning "There shall ye be buried" is slowly but surely being verified; for a pro- phetic eye, looking with ordinary intelligence into the affairs of all the congregations and assemblies in the United States, in fact everywhere, can readily observe that the children of orthodox parents, whe- ther born or only reared in this country } will under no circumstances walk in the narrow paths trodden for centuries by their ancestors, and will with more 22 haste than decency, consign the manners and customs of their solicitous parents to the realms of utter obli- vion. The road which the orthodox parent has so thoughtfully and tenderly graded and smoothened out for his offspring to travel will be beset with boul- ders and thorns which will prove insurmountable ob- stacles for the juvenile wayfarer, yet surprise will readily be evinced if he turn out of that road and choose one which is beset with lesser hardships. On the other hand, the reformers cannot hope to stand on their pedestal and consider themselves im- movable and immutable. The right which they have assumed to revolutionize ancient manners and revise time-honored rituals, they cannot deny their progeny. Reform carries with it reform, and if perchance one reformer should totter, who could object to any efforts tending to uphold it by the institution of other re- forms or mayhap by the demolition of one, uphold another in its ruins result: chaos. Thus sect will succeed sect, creed succeed creed, party succeed party, until one great innundation of composed thought and experiment will drown all and sweep them into the sea where millions of doubting Jews, other millions of dissatisfied Jews, and still other millions of disgusted Jews, have been swept and lost. As long as Israel will not combine and abo- lish all distinction between congregation and congre- gation, assembly and assembly, and live as one grand unit of combined thought and spirit, it can never hope to maintain its integrity as a nation, andits characteristics as a race. The Nationalists who have lately sprurg up with fanciful dreams of a Jewish empire, unless they make their gaze far-reaching and look with calculating eyes upon the consequences of their endeavor ; unless they pay close attention to their present situation and give up the chimerical idea of concentrating the en- tire Jewish race in the Holy Land, will add but another factor to the warring elements and only has- ten the slow but sure dissolution of already establish- ed institutions. Thousands of years have passed away since Israel came into existence, and Israel, 'tis true, still lives! As our sages were wont to say, " The old Jacob is not dead yet! " Still, millions of the descendents of Jacob have been engulfed in the waves of the sea of discontent, arid have drifted away from the faith of their fathers; the few still remaining are scattered among all the nations of the earth, loved by none, hated by many. What is the cause of all this? The 24 change in their appearance^ the constant endeavor to be like others, and the loss of their at one time in- herited identity. Thus only the name "The Law of Moses and Israel " remains suspended on a battered banner. R, Heir's question, then ''Why was the law given to Israel?" (and not to other nations) is thus justified: Because they are impudent in their wickedness. They are stubborn and must be weighted. Vnn ORATION CLEVELAND, OHIO DELIVERED AT THE DEDICATION OF THE BARON HIRSH FREE SCHOOL IN THE SYNAGOGUE K'NESSETH ISRAEL. King David, in one of his idealistic, beautiful and inspiring outbursts, exclaims with reverential devo- tion, ardent majesty and glorious fervancy: " Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings hast thou ordained strength." (Psalms VIII^ 2). Although, according to 25 the grammatical rudiments and etymological prin- ciples, the kingly impress and the royal express tend' to exalt and move to signify past conditions and pre- sant positions, viz: the baby Moses found grace in the eyes of Pharoh's daughter by a Providential pro- cess, and the suckling Samuel reproached the priest Eli with a Divine message ; while David himself, when a mere lad, challenged, chagrined and put to death^ with the Almighty's assistance, the huge Phili- stine, and one of his children succumbed in its infan- cy as a fulfilment of a Lordly prediction. Neverthe- less, they reflect, likewise, to some extent, upon future environments and coming progeny. Therein lies an emphatic stress upon the father, mother, protector or guardian at any time, age or generation, to train the child, teach the infant, instruct the baby and educate the suckling, so as to profess the strength of God. In other words, we must do our best and try our utmost to make good men and become kind women, to per- form righteousness, practice virtue and exercise mercy, in order to hasten these gracious functions particularly emulated by the offsprings from an early stage of childhood . In the course of time and in the tide of events childhood turns into adolesence, the latter changes to 26 manhood, and the noble actions and the illustrious deeds extensively grow, develop and increase. Thus saith the Lord : " Remember the days of old, consider the years of many generations, ask thy father and he will show thee, thy elders and they will tell thee." (Deuterono- my XXXII, 7.) Adam sinned only once, disobeying his Creator's commandment, whereas Cain, the son, committed a triplet of crimes, namely : became wrathf ully exasper- ated, slaughtered his own brother, and attempted to deceive the Lord, exclaiming: "Am I my brother's keeper ?" This historical fact tends to manifest the impropriety of a parental fallacy. Having eventually occurred, the latter causes a repetition, multiplication and triplication by the next in kin. Now, first of all we must mend our ways, correct our errors, improve our manners and reform our shortcomings, in such a method as to prove the path of life and happiness for the little ones. In addition, however, to our excellent model, su- perior force and magnanimous design, we have to pursue the following ordinance: "And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children." (Ibid VI, 7), 27 which achievement can be fully accomplished in the Baron Hirsh Hebrew Free School. The name of the Baron, of blessed memory, is an emblematic symbol, a proverbial motto, an important significance, and a magic vigor for preparation, ins- piration and aspiration. Thus will the Baron's good name be immortalized; thus will the K'nesseth Israel or the Israelitish Concourse, be sanctified. AMEN! J3K THE LAYING OF THE CORNER STONE OF THE SYNAGOGUE ANSHE RUSSIA. We are gathered together this day to consecrate Thy name, Oh, Lord of Hosts, and lay the corner stone for a Synagogne, a House of Prayer, and a Place of Worship. Our brothers and sisters, our sons and daughters, our nephews and neices, ourselves and wives will flock to this Home of Delight, Castle of Holiness and Palace of Saintliness, at every occasion, incident and occurrence to express thanks and gratification unto Thee, Almighty God, for Thy goodness, kindness and 28 benevolence, for life extended, and for happiness ex- panded. So much for the individual. As for the congrega- gation collectively, they will come every now and then with solemn supplications and fervent aspira- tions, as a matter of gratitude, and a manner of thankfulness for the recognition and consideration, rights and privileges, durability and lucrativeness, prominence and permanence given by the hospitable neighbors and curteous Americans, the civil power and federal authorities, municipal rulers and govern- ment executives, friendly legislators and brotherly officials, fraternal clergy and pleasing laity. There is, however, another aspect in the conse- cration of this sanctified spot. In times of old, per- iods of yore and in immemorial days, a house of this particular design was, for obvious reasons, the cen- tre of gravity, the leading force, the power for good, the intellectual arena, the meeting place for com- munal, educational, fraternal, benevolent and social affairs. In this enlightened age, when we reap the gene- ral harvest, share the surrounding benefits and par- take of wholesome culture, intellect, knowledge and wisdom, without being forced into segregation and 29 seclusion, we may point with pride and magnificence to the Jewish men and Israelitish women who distin- guished themselves meritoriously, gained universal fame and achieved eminence in the medical, legal, literary and other professions. Yet there is a spe- cial mission for us as Jews, and a particular com- mission for us as Hebrews, which we cannot accom- plish outside of this synagogal precinct. The Heb- rew tongue, the Scriptures, the language of Moses and Isaiah, the Liturgy, the Apocrypha, Syrach and the Maccabees, the Talmud, the Midrash, the Rabbi- nics, the life of Hillel, the history of the Diaspara, the Schulchan Aruch, the Glosseries and the Respon- sa are to be studied, meditated and pondered upon within these very walls. Moreover, we contemplate to have this Lordly abode tower above all similar Temples, inasmuch as a religious school will be inaugurated, where promin- ent teachers and eloquent preachers will pave the way and smooth the path of the growing generation to excel in piety, succeed in learning, and gain the best qualities, as good Jews, loyal citizens and pat- riotic Americans. Now, with bowed head and pros- trate body, your submissive servant invokes the benediction of the Heavenly Father upon this Sacred 30 Stonelaying, the assembled concourse, the congre- gants, the members, the worshippers, the partici- pants, the auditors, the onlookers, the residents of this City, State and Union, the Mayor the Governor, the President and all the children of the Lord in all their habitations. Almighty God! As you have helped us to conse- crate this ground in Thy Holy Name, grant us strength and health to live and dedicate the place at its final completion. AMEN! DEDICATIONAL SERMON DELIVERED AT THE CONSECRATION OF THE NEW SYNA. GOGUE OF THE CONGREGATION ANSHE RUSSIA, AT W. KINNEY AND BROOME STREETS, ON SEPTEMBER 1st, 1901. FRIENDS AND CO-RELIGIONISTS: We are gathered together this day to celebrate the dedication of this sacred edifice, this magnificent Temple, this beautiful structure, this place of wor- ship, prayers and devotion. 31 As part of the holy functions, saintly perform- ances, lofty administrations and impressive ceremo- nies,!, your humble servant, am urged by an internal impulse, instructed by an inner inclination and ins- pired by Divine guidance, to expound the mission of this Synagogue, and interpret the commission of this Temple. My worthy listners and distinguished congre- gants : All of you know as well as I, that the sanc- tity of this house does not nestle within the cement and mortar, brick and stone, masonry and plaster- ing ; neither does its holiness rest on the costly paint- ings, picturesque decorations and numerous embellish- ments, nor does the sacredness repose upon the shaped circles, polished corners and gilt edges. As a matter of fact, as constant occurrences and as passing events, we are apt to observe, churches desecrated synagogues humiliated and Temples degraded to such an extent as to become places of amusements, danc- ing and bacchanals. We deplore the fact that sanctified houses pass- ing through vicissitudes^ undergo trials and exper- ience tribulations, either financial, material or other- wise, so as to become a prey to the mortgage holder and be sold at public auction. 32 Why do not the walls, floor and coverings inter- cede ? Why do not the ornaments, pews and pulpii plead for the good cause ? Why do not the synagog- al supplements, templar implements and ritual com- pliments stride to maintain their dignity, retain their honor, and sustain their esteem ? Because the ceiling, walls and floor cannot and do not shelter, cover or harbor any saintliness whatever. It is the people who frequent the House of the Lord with fervent hearts, and tremendous might, that are instrumental in the welfare of the Temple and furtherance of its scope, aim, usefulness. Now, this is a golden age, a commercial epoch and a materialistic period. Men and women, child- ren and adults, youth and old age are absorbed in avocations, exploited by occupations, and submitted to trades, with scarcely any leisure hours for recre- ation, barely any sparing minutes for recuperation, and rarely any extra moments for vacation, all the provisional demands, dietary prescriptions and regi- men claims notwithstanding, not to mention spiritual elevation, moral inspiration and incorporeal consider- ation. With such a lamentable state of affairs at hand } the synagogue's future is very cloudy, its pros- 33 pects exceedingly gloomy and the fair chance almost shattered in f ragmentry atoms. Posterity, surrounded by irreligiousness, infidel- ity and agnosticism, will grow atheistic, turn against its ancestry, and drift into unexplored regions. Jews and Jewesses : It is incumbent upon us to solve the problem, quarantine the pestilence and check the epidemic, before it is too late, and before its iron grip has succeeded in laying diabolical hands upon our youth. Let us, therefore, clasp hands, join forces and com- bine strength. In other words, let us adopt some mo- dern innovations, institute novel methods and consti- tute recent refcrms, as a medium of attraction, a means for invitation and an emissary for beckoning to the younger generation to return to the forsaken path, renounced road and abandoned course. Let us establish, in connection with and as an ad- dition to this Synagogue, classes for ethical culture, moral training mental development, with an enlarged curriculum including Bible, Grammer, Jewish His- tory and Religion, in order that the daughters shall not look contemptibly upon the mothers, and the sons may not despise the fathers. 34 Let the young Americans know that centuries ago, the Jews, in Germany and France, Spain and Portugal, Poland and Lithaunia, were prolific writers and diligent students, physicians and lawyers, philo- sophers and scientists. And let us consecrate a wing for a free library, containing ancient and modern books of various authors and different languages. The library shall have its portals eitensive-.ly open to the unaffiliated as well as to members, to strangers as well as to parishioners, and to non-believers as well as to pious worshippers, for thus says the Lord through one of the Talmudical sages: "Would to God they might have deserted Him and taken to study." In the course of time we may introduce lectures by prominent speakers, upon enlightened subjects discourses on scientific themes, debates and other in- tellectual features. These novelties nu.;> bring about a revival. Our sons and daughters will imbibe Jewish doctrines, receive Jewish conceptions and con- ceive Jewish ideas, so as to become strict adherents to the ancestral faith, paternal religion and fatherly Deity, and this Temple will be proclaimed as the House of the Lord and Law, prayer and knowledge, 35 service and wisdom, worship and science, spirit and culture. This abundance of dualities may change into po- tent factors to inaugurate peace, a conspicuous appel- lation of the Lord, as a prev ailing dominent among us and all our brethren. AMEN! ALL PRESENT ARISE! In the name of the holy convocation, distinguish- ed audience and illistrious congregation, I implore upon Thee, Lord of Hosts, God of Israel and Master of the universe, to hearken to the supplications, lis- ten to the prayer and take heed of the petitions of all creatures, when earnestly beseeching, solemnly appealing, devoutly entreating, fervantly craving, ardently praying and humbly confessing. Forgive their sins, excuse their errors^ pardon their iniquities, mend their ways, direct their courses, command their actions, conduct their whims, in- struct their fancies, grant their wishes, accord their desires, yield to their yearnings and cater to their wants. Enlighten the children, civilize the youth, and educate the adults. Assist the poor, support the needy, help the destitute and succor the indigent. Civilize the masses and educate the youth. 36 0, Heavenly Father, shower your blessings, con- fer benedictions and bestow graces upon this sacred concourse of pious men and religious women, in order that they may exercise mercy, employ charity, be- stow pity and practise philanthropy toward all hu- manity, without any racial distinction, national dis- crimination, or prejudiced segregation. Rock of our salvation ! Bless this Synagogue, its officers, members, constituents, supporters and well- wishers. Make them succeed in all their strivings, ventures and undertakings. Bless all our brethren of this City, State and Country. Bless our co-religion- ists in the various continental countries; ameliorate their conditions, improve their positions and better their stipulations. Bless this glorious land of liberty, bless all its inhabitants, governors and rulers; bless all the civil, municipal and federal institutions. Bless the President of the United States and his advisory board of eminent men. Have, O, Heavenly Father, you rDivine Presence perpetuated with this House of Holiness, that our progeny may imbibe the Psalmadic doctrine thus ex- pressed: And the beauty of the Lord our God be upon us; and establish Thou the work of our hands upon us, yea, the work of our hands establish, AMEN ! 37 EULOGY UPON THE PRESIDENT, WILLIAM McKINLEY (MAY HE REST IN PEACE), WHO FELL A PREY INTO THE MONSTROUS HANDS OF AN UNSPEAKABLE ASSASSIN, DELIVERED IN THE SYNAGOGUE OF THE CONGREGATION ANSHE RUSSIA, ON THE iQth DAY OF SEPTEMBER, THE VERY DAY WHEN THE SAINTLY REMAINS WERE ESCORTED BY THE FUNERAL PROCESSION TO THEIR EVERLAST, ING HABITATION AND ETERNAL REST. With the Divine permission of the Omnipresent, and with that of the celestial concourse and terres- trial assembly, we have gathered here to hallow the memory of the President of the United States. O, God, the Lord of Hosts! With a broken heart and trembling limbs we appear in Thy Place of Wor- ship to hold memorial services over the great soul of our great President, William McKinley. Heavenly Father! All secrets are revealed to you and all mysteries are disclosed before your Pres- 38 ence. You know our loyalty to the government, fidel- ity to the people and our devotion to the chief rulers, since these precepts are part and parcel of the Holy Law, which we zealously follow and ardently pursue. O, Lord, God of all the spirits! Pourout thy wrath upon the vicious villian who dared to touch the Lord's annointed ; let his wicked name be eradicated from the human roster, and his gloomy repute lost in obli- vion. Accept, 0, Lord! our fervent prayers in behalf of our martyred President; place, 0, God ! the sacred soul of William McKinley with the immaculate spirits of all righteous men, under your protective wing and sheltering pinion. Rock of our salvation ! Stay the hand of the des- tructive angel, that henceforth there shall be no more calamity, ruin and disaster, and that mischievous wretches may perish, dastardly miscreants decay and tyrannical brutes disappear from the universe. Usher, O Lord! a pure animation within the heart, soul and body of all mankind, that they may turn wise, prudent noble and enlightened. May your blessings, Creator of Heaven and Former of earth, be also showered upon our. newly-made President, Theodore Roosevelt- Be his continual guide, make him fairer than other children of men, pour grace 39 into his lips, gird a sword upon his thigh, set a scep- tre in his hand ? teach him to love righteousness and hate wickedness, anoint him with oil of gladness and rejoicing, be the myrrh and aloes of kindness and beneficence upon his robes, let his name be remem- bered for good and his fame last forever. And you, angel of death, horrible annihialator! By putting your gruesome fingers upon such an ex- alted personage as William McKinley, you sealed your own fate, signed your own verdict and wrote your own decree! You are doomed now without de- liverance. A double curse is pending on you and the sword of Damocles is hovering over your head, des- cending slowly but surley so as to accomplish the prophetical prediction (Isaiah XXV, 8.) " He will swallow up death in victory, and the Lord God will wipe away tears from off all faces, and the rebuke of His peopla shall be taken away from off all the earth; for the Lord hath spoken it." AMEN! 40 DEAR MADAM: The Jewish Citizens of the City of Newark, cf the State of New Jersey offer their condolence to you, gracious lady, upon the untimely demise of the noble gentleman, the excellent sir, William McKinley, Pre- sident of the United States of America, may his soul rest in peace forever and ever . Like two holy blossoms sprouting out from a divine germ, your lamented husband and your vir- tuous self clung to one another all the days of your illustrious life, a mutual agreement held sway and a reciprocal accord reigned supreme. You were his de- light, while he had been your pride, working together for the betterment of humanity and toiling simul- taneously for the improvement of mankind, from early youth up to the unlucky hour, when the horri- ble bullet, piercing through the lungs, robbed a pre- 41 cious soul of a superior body, bereaved a faithfulwife of the devout husband, and removed a staunch ruler from a loyal people . Distinguished woman! You are not the only one afflicted to-day ; there are hundreds and thousands of men and women who participate in your sorrow and share your misfor- tune. The Cubans, Porto Ricans, and Philippinoes, whom the martyred President liberated from the Spanish oppression, yoke and subjugation, these peo- ple will bewail his terrible end and bemoan the fear- ful calamity. The ways of Providence are unaccountable and the actions of the Almighty are incomputable. Wil- liam McKinley, your meritorious husband, is immor- tal, everlasting, eternal and perpetual. May God, the Lord of Hosts, King of the Uni- verse, the creator of Heaven and Founder cf Earth, remember the name of William McKinley who has gone to his repose. Let his saintly soul enjoy eter- nity with the souls of the Patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, with the souls of the Prophets, Moses, Samuel and Isaiah, with the souls of the Priests, Aaron, Elijah and Jeremiah, with the souls 42 of the Kings, David, Solomon and Josiah, with the souls of the Scribes, Ezra, Daniel and Mordecai,with the souls of the Rabbis, Hillel, Saccai and Simon r with the souls of the Martyrs, Akiba, Lincoln and Garfield, and with the souls of all the righteous that dwell in Paradise. AMEN ! the presibent : MOST EXALTED SIB : To you, the Chief Ruler of this glorious country, the United States of America, in the name of the Rus- sian and Polish Jews, who have been transplanted, settled and become naturalized as citizens of the City of Newark, of the State of New Jersey, I tender con- dolence, offer solace and render consolation upon the affliction, bereavement, catastrophe, shock, violence and woe sustained by the American people as a whole in the untimely death of the great nobleman, William McKinley, at the bruitish hands of a savage ruffian. As good, loyal and conscientious Jews, our grief 43 over the terrible murder is tenfold, inasmuch as we are repeatedly commanded by the Lord and the Law: " Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." (Leviti- cus XIX, 18), commenting upon which, says the Tal- mud (Sabbath 31, a) : "Whatever hateful is to you, Unto your neighbor do not do." Moreover there is a septuary of Scriptural, Ecclesias- tical and Talmudic precepts directing our courses, in- structing the methods and constructing our ways in ragard to our mission, commission and submission to to the nations governments and their dominative power, namely: 1. "And seek the peace of the State whither I have caused you to be carried away, and pray unto the Lord for it ; for in the peace thereof shall ye have peace." (Jeremiah XXIX, 7). 2. '* My son, fear thou the Lord and the king, and meddle not with them that are given to chan ge." (Proverbs XXIV, 21). 3. ' ' Curse not the king, no, not even in thy thought ; and curse not the rich in thy bed- chamber." (Ecclesiasles X, 20.) 44 4. "Then said Daniel unto the King: 0, King, live forever. My God has sent his angel and hath shut the lions' mouths, that they have not hurt me, for as much as before Him innocence waa found in me; and also before thee, O, King, have I done no hutr." (Daniel VI, 22 and 2a.) 5- Be ye warned of secret societies, as they do not bestow favors upon men, but for their own interest." (Ethics II, 3). 6. "Pray for the peace of the government, for, were it not in deference thereof, men would swallow each other alive." (Ibid III, 2.) 7. "Let the Royal Majesty always lead you." (Le- bahim 102, a.) Furthermore, their is an injunction refraining the Jews from insurrection, rebellion and revolution (Kethubath III, a.) "And loyal to the countries Where they chance to dwell, Against those several nations They never should rebel." 45 We submissively bow before the Divine Provi- dence, Whose ways are inscrutable to us mortals, and Whose means are incomprehensible to human beings, believing firmly that, as Joshua of old follow- ed the course of his great teacher, Moses, so will you, as chosen by the people and anointed by the Lord, in the spirit of the proverb "Vox Populi vox Dei" simi- larly pursue in life the path of the sainted martyr, your predecessor, William McKinley, the path of jus- tice, righteousness i love and mercy, exercising peace on earth and good will to all mankind, without any racial discrimination, and religious distinction, AMEN! 85 and does not go to another city, for there he may fare better. TJ? ^33 ropun note p'pio ViTt? xtaj p jj^iT ropn A law was introduced by Rabbi Yehoshua Ben Gamlo, that instructors for children be placed in every city. V' riBiD .n'DJ HDIDI n*j nn^nn mm The Torah begins and ends with Benefaction. TE> maK .nvajntsn s Jsa onna o'yoinawn Repentance and good deeds are as a shield against punishment. 'i jrr iy> ny 'i IOKJB' ,n^jn DI^ DUID D^oan n^o^n mans epo .01^3 icy ns !jna The disciples of the sages spread peace through- out the world, as it is said, "The Lord will give strength unto his people ; the Lord will bless his peo- ple with peace." 84 fruit dealers (who sell fruit for high prices in time of need), those who lend away their money for interest, those who give small measures, and those who raise the price of things, the prophet said, "Saying, 'when will the new moon be gone that we may sell corn, and the Sabbath that we may set forth wheat?' making the epah small and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deciet." The prophet also says there: "The Lord hath sworn by the excellency of Jacob, 'Surely I will never forget any of their works." : m!>Di niyo -6 t^v si D'JJM orxi D'pjnv 'J ,fam un r^y nf?y\o irrPKB> w oo^yi? piK n:ipni ,nnya j6e> Dm voaj arnan VK /nan voaj r6in VK ?KM s xa iDvy^ jnx njipn .n*y D"a .Knnrix noi>Vn K^IKHD sna n^ t^m T'K .v^na vjab The Rabbis taught us that three kinds of people cry for help and can not be helped. He who lends away his money without having anyone witness the act, he who takes a master for himself, and he whose wife rules over him. How may a man take a master for himself ? Some say that he who says that the money he uses belongs to a stranger and not to him, makes the stranger his master. Some say that he who bequeaths his estate to his sons while he is still living, makes his sons his masters ; and some say that it is he who is unfortunate in the city wherein he resides 83 and another that was recorded in a book at the time of his creation. This Jewish nation has three characteristics: (they are) merciful, modest (shameful) and perform- ers of charitable deeds. .3* p'a .ipn Sixty men may pursue one who has eaten his morning's meal, and they would not be able to catch him. IJDB bru :J"KN nan I'^a in btsab bia 11 T^a p We were taught that a judicial court cannot re- fute the verdict of another court, unless the members of the former are greater in wisdom (Knowledge) and in age. .'!> niaina .DTIQI D^D pn D'OP 'Ta !>3fi win Every occurrence is so decreed by the Lord, that man should be affected by it. excepting cold and heat, which man can protect himself against. PQDI ,nenx JBDDI /rpana ^^en ,nn^o nvi pai i:n aa> masjoi t^nnn may ^nts iosb IOIK ainan on'by 3*1131 /noio ^JTND mij?f>i ^pj? ^ijn^ ns'N ^nanb ia nnneji .'x 3'3 .Drppj b nvjb natj'N DK apy jiwa "r va^J The Rabbis taught us that in reference to the 82 would be saved from falling into any of them, but if one pit were dug for the wicked man } he would fall into it. -jsr nivK> jnoe^ Via 1 irx V'n ,n^an yew nab ps? :>am ,yow Kim vjab D^eno :>an n'apn u 3a itp pn npo nn n^ ynn /on^jn D"jy n^an w siren ^T /^tsy 1 '3 ayb nren 3'na .was n*no .Dipon 3sb nrena "Thou who listens to prayers-" A man of flesh and blood cannot listen attentively to the conversa- tion of two people who are talking at the same time. But the Lord hears the prayer of everyone of those who pray to him simultaneously, and everyone is equal before him ; masters and servants^ the rich and the poor. By this you may be convinced that it is so, for at the prayer of Moses, the greatest of all the prophets, it is written "A prayer of Moses" (Psalm XC, 1), and at the prayer of the poor it is written, "A prayer of the afflicted who are overwhelmed." (Psalm Oil, 1), to show that the prayer of ALL is equal before the Omnipresent. "6 IfcOpt? 'Ml /1DK1 V3K b liOpB> 'N ,D16 INIpJ n\QV JUlhv j'aa bxiDsr 'no .wna nn^n naoa 3inaB> 'NI /nnn Man is called three names, viz. : one that his fath- er and mother called him, one that others call him, 81 anger and it will not make thee sin." But Rav said : " Weaken thy bad inclination and it will not cause thee to sin." We learned in the name of Eliazar ben Jacob, who said: "The Lord is the basin of Israel; just as a basin cleans the unclean, so also doth the Lord purify Israel. Which must go to which, the basin unto the uncleae or the unclean unto the basin? Of coursethe unclean must go to the basin and descend and dip his body there. But the Lord said: " I said thou shouldst come to pray in the synagogue of thy city; but if thou art not able to go (to the synagogue) pray on thy bed ; and if thou art not able to do so } think (pray) in thy heart (mind). For it is written: 'Commune with your ownheart upon your bed ? and be still. Selah!" Rabbi Yiddon said: "Providing that thou willst put an end to thy transgressions.' If thou hast done so, see what is written in the fol- lowing verse : "Off er the sacrifice of righteousness." (Psalm IV, 5). I will take into consideration just as if thou hast done so." .'P piruD ."yn The Lord requires a (tender) heart. ,'t pinjD .e*3 T3E> iro If seven pits (obstructions) would be dug for the peaceful man (put in his way so that he stumble), he 80 nb'aD .nvnan nyn aau He who beguiles (the minds of) people is the greatest thief, ^y jvm by a^na ,^by rrao KJX IDX /nb'ana ^nso xjna m .nb'sna ibisarttD baK ,obw ny nrooinan^y iva py naia^ DX *a*B n'n ^t^n 1 Rav Kohana used to take ample time for praying. He used to say: " I am a descendant of the house of Eli. It is written in reference to the house of Eli (Samuel I, XIII, 14) 'That the iniquity of Eli's house shall not be purged with sacrifice nor offering for- ever,' but it shall be purged with prayer." a-n /ix'arp ^xt TI*' PJHK iry^K *i ID /iNtann hw im mpD /apy^ p N'I DWD ^n .^K^em bw TI^ ^nas n nniao n"apn ^a D'KDon ns nnno ni nipo no ?nipon b^x Non ix noan bs N rvapn IDK ^aobi *n^i mpon b^ann ?j^ bw nns px nxi ii^ya a'naa 5i>anr6 DaaaB'D by oaaaba now JDXJK' /'naaba nmn ha 1 nnx px ,p n^iy nnx DK ,Ti^a^ m^ayo onne' nabai pv VK .nbo n^ry i^na i^y ^x ni?yo ,pnv ^nar mat vinx a^na HD ,T ?x inoai ,'naTj xbx jxa a^na px na? ,nain nuaip vby nanpm .D^nn oipV 1 .najy Dab obe'o 'JXK' u intsa "Stand in awe and sin not." (Psalms VI, 5). Rabbi Eliazer said : "Excite thy bad inclination to .rrp DTIDQ .cpo D* nj?npa DIK ?v The maintenance (nourishment) of man is just as? serious a matter as the clearing (dividing) of the ReJ Sea (when the Jews came forth from Egypt). *nn noix napn an ^antr njinnnn NS^ Rabbi Elazar Hacapor said, " Be not like a lintel (the beam over the doorway) that can be touched 7 but be like the threshold (the lower beam) that i trampled by everyone and yet does not move from its place. CHN ^a ^^ non nann rfD ^o iK^x n ION ,rrnjn Rabbi Abuhe was once interpreting Haggada and Rabbi Hiyah Bar Aba was interpreting Hallocho. All the audience left Rabbi Hiyah and came to listen to Rabbi Abuhe. The former's feelings were conse- quently hurt, -whereupon Rabbi Abuhe said to him, "I will give you an illustration: One man selleth precious stones and one selleth trifles. "Who hath most clients ? " 78 ' .rnxon b naaa nibipp n'oai n Charity and Benefaction are equal unto all the remaining precepts- n"3p rot? .KJvniin D"n 'bya nyv Cruelty to animals is forbidden by the Torah (by the written law of Moses.) nv-ian * A person must try to please his fellow-men. .B'ya i'ai .DO nwn ib B^^DIPD!? naio pnnnb mxins A man must be thankful to the place from which he derived some personal advantage. .N&>n mm eipb' .onn b^ao low btra ^BHO nvnb DIK ^nv A man must attend to his own affairs previous to those of others. Accept the truth no matter who speaks it . O*7 DTIDS .KirND KID Sl /KyiKO * Rather accept the contents of a quart that lies on the ground (near you) than try to get a bushelful which lies on the roof (far from you), .'j paw imp 161 Kirn xb 'wns? ui n-np Food which belongs to two partners and is cook- ed in one pot, will be neither warm nor cold, when one relies upon the other to take care of it. 77 .:o myn /jna^ I found this acacia tree in existence. As my pat- ents had planted it for me, I will also plant one for my children. Tims on^s? ,nj> xy rroiri /rnx rr^K nny " Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy brother's wife," and ''Her husband's brother shall go- unto her and take her to him to wife," were uttered by God at the same time. (Without any space of time between one and the other.) .*r Kin C.ipyn iD^y oin) The rich people were wont to come to Ezra. He then said : " If the man is intelligent let him come in.' r By this he meant that the personal qualities are appreciated.) 'n a"3 .ton nm niyo n^n^ jvna The freeing of the imprisoned is a precept of great- value. .Dpi Sometimes the man upon whose friendship I de- pended lifts his weapon against me, 76 n'a p'"iD-. The woman of Shkantsiv said: "After a person's death his wealth is discovered.'' .12*3 p-nruD .T irv-WNK npp False witnesses are despised even by those who hired them to testify falsely. .noann -w ^'rjsn -inao .HDJIBH e> rmoi Abaye was wont to say: A person should always think of how to fear the Lord; he should answer softly and turn away wrath ; he should speak peace- fully to his brothers and relatives ; even to pagans whom he meets in the street, so as to be beloved by God and be pleasant to his fellow-men and popular among them. woo i>n;i tons? nD3i ,13121 10^31 vaxa sym / Rove was wont to say: The purpose of wisdom (Torah) is repentance and benefaction. For a man shall not study the Scriptures and the Mishna and despise (dishonor) his father, his mother, his teacher, or HIM who is more learned and more aged than he is. For the Scripture says : " The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." 1V3H D wor ba n^oaj I^DI JKO He who taketh good care of his property gaineth every day an Istro (a Persian coin). 72 foe, for he cannot see the faults of his friend nor the merits of his enemy. TlfcH QMPD ,rvb T.T S 1 ?! 'TD Ijb KJaW KpM^ ETK ND'b *6 10 naiD /xnp mojb A person should not say to a child," I will and hen refuse to give it (to him), for that will teach the child to deceive. na mana /nvwn 'attD rrnn mnj x The Law (Torah) was not given to angels. 'jnrb ineipna D"3Din .ann n^ivn nri D^wnetsn ^ If it were for the (sake of) the insane the world would have remained empty and waste. pan PK 'n nww ,yn 'ba Datrni .iiyo ^a pb Sleep over night without having eaten anything, and do not borrow and you will rise in the morning without any debt. (Testament of Rab. Yeh Eben Tiben). a myn /JTBW nr a nyiao noa "Go say unto my Creator, 'How ugly is your creation! " w ,y"a T'y ,nnay v\ KDV The sin of causeless hatred is as great as the three iniquities of practising idolatry, uncovering the nakedness (lewdness), and committing murder. 71 when he departs from the world, his hands are? open. /nvnan ' rvno A man must render himself grateful to the spirit of his fellow creatures as well as to the spirit of God. nan "vfh vbv mso *p /jjoeon nan "uoib DIN by mrae* no rnoa 1 *' , The sages said: k 'As it is the duty of a man to- rebuke his friend concerning a thing which he is certain he will hearken to him, in the same way he is forbidden to rebuke him about a thing to which he will not give heed. 2V p*3 ,i mon DIN pi It is written (Ben Siro, 13) "Every bird associ- ates with the birds of his species, and man associ- ates with him who is his equal in rank." wp nap ,D'BB>n }o v^y porno p nman by om WRV ba The Lord has no compassion on him who has no compassion on mankind. rrb D'rm n^ n'jon JND^ w\ ,n^ D^mn jNob trrN prb N^ np nnma -- ,Kni3T n^ vn Nb FI^ rvjon nain n>b s rn xb A man should judge neither his friend nor his 70 so nmo W3 ban CIID yenb epnon fo He who flattereth the wicked falleth eventually (as a prey) into their hands. xp pinjD - /an cnn ^y nr 53 "All the days of the afflicted are evil.'' Ben Siro says that even his nights are afflicted. The roof of his house is lower than all the others, and his vine- yard is on the top of the mountains. n"a r'&n ,nvan J.-UDO DIK naen i>K im hv Ms A person should not act differently than it is the custom of his fellow-men to act. ye xma ,nwk>pK n^vyr n^^KrmnSts b Any kingdom that has no councillor is no kingdom. 133 1*3 , NJT33 K1JH SnKI tf"p3 ,Kn3O nyB> tjfjB'M The consummation of the wheat from the bushel brings dissent into the house. nny vyo ^'3 /IDNI V3N ojnao WHIP bs He who doth not support his father and mother is as if he bringeth false witness against himself. VT nbnp TID , When a man is born, his hands are closed, to indicate that all the world belongs to him; but, " rrros? nar nan woy n&rv n pxi mm n B K!? nrs^ "131 /nvo^n n Any man who possesses some knowledge (of the law) bat has no fear of the Lord is likened unto a treasurer to whom the interior keys of a safe were de- livered, and the exterior keys were not delh^ered, How can he open the safe ? ,D3E> 'PIT ,pmt5 fn *&*? pjnv p^i /pmei jmw D^IP s Kn b Every living thing tries to accumulate too much of everything, but no one knows what will become of it later. .Kenmn 'no ,vnnx nsrrn rme' ,rmc?n p mnn 9a He who shuns high rank, high rank follows him, He who denies the precept of performing chari- table deeds (he who is not charitable), is considered as one who denies the existence of God. ISM imni mj>n 6n 0*3013 fmr miay I3ip i^jo /oyisn ^3 As soon as a person grows angry he is apt to commit an error. He who becomes angry is consider- ed as if he would commit idolatry. non ,n^y inn irxt n-nn He who studieth the Law but does not review it (from time to time) is likened unto one who sows his seed, but reapeth not the grain thereof. 68 .iv n'mo ,i The clothes of a man cause him to be respected. jmn:o w rfcrw p nna As the generation so is the Nosi (Prince or Judge) X"D j'B'j .spy Kvnm na A lenient rule is better than a harsh one. ,p*au> xroson rrniSN xny rmn jniym a When my wife and I loved each other we could have slept both on the edge of a sword, but now when our love is not so great, a bed of sixty cubits is not spa- cious enough to accomodate us. my i^p N"T ,min -ni^na row TJKIDI n^sna any mop Tno -aitan n^yoa mw ij For sweet is thy voice when thou prayest and thy countenance is comely when thou studiest th law. Another interpretation of the verse is : Thy voice is sweet when thou prayest and thy countenance is comely by benefaction. " psi-oao py 'iai ,D^nrnD ni^'Kn i^nnn 3nan xna^ jra va 'no ,piT3 Dao IHN When the iron was created, all the trees began to shiver. The iron then asked them, " Why are ye shivering ? If a piece of your wood would not enter me for a handle, none of you would be harmed . 67 D^rru writto w\ /D^iyn o rrrrj; "n Although one may feedliis father with quails (still) for not showing him a friendly mien, his existence (the son's) will be shortened. ro Some are scalded with luke-warm water, and some people even with boiling water are not burnt. ,nr6 laan^ /pip n^n&i D^KBIH n'-x^jn ysjaijDnBiK !>KIB>I my ^a DX1 ,^'N ,pnp wb p ,ux ,"6 isanoi pip X^DI nin TPB-D D /onan aaoy inp The congregation of Israel said to God: "Master of the world! If the princes sin, they bring a sacrifice unto thee and their sin is expiated. If the priest that is anointed sins, he offers a sacrifice and his sin is purged. But we have no atonement". Then the Lord answered them: "Is it not written (Leviticus IV, 13) 'And if the whole congregation of Israel sin trough ig- norance, etc., etc., then the congregation shall offer a young bullock for the sin' ?" So the Congregation of Israel answered: "We are poor and we cannot afford to bring sacrifices". Then the Lord answered them: "I demand words, but not sacrifices." For it is written: "take with you words and turn to the Lord." 66 .n an "The Lord is good to those who wait for him." (Lamentations III, 25.) We could think that He is good to everyone ; it therefore says (there) "to the soul that seeketh him." "The Lord is near to all." (Psalm CXLV). We could think that He is near to everyone, therefore it is written (there) "to all that call upon him in truth." nn'i DIN JN* DI -37 Dnn ,132^03 mm 33'i /ib B^P nD3 noann " He should guide his affairs with discretion." (Psalm 112) A man should always eat and drink less than he has, clothe himself with as much as he can afford, but honor his wife and children more than he is able to do. DIDO nnoi irxi ^in xin arm OJT n3y ^oriN tnvfov DINH '& .no nyr ^icann AW D pi The days of man are three: yesterday has already passed; to-day is passing and will be no longer, and the morrow is obscure, for no one knows what it has in store. Youth is a diadem of roses, old age is a crown of thorns. 65 'O1B3 ^ .rp "I am determined that my mouth shall not trans- gress." (Psalm XXVI, 3.) He (David) said, "I wish I would have had a bridle in my mouth and should not have uttered these words." /D^ip p nnant-N Among thorn bushes we may sometimes find a rose. .nox na"pn The seal of the Lord is ' 'Truth," (Ernes.) Life, children and nourishment (to be given to man) do not depend upon the merits of a man, but upon his fortune. (Moed Koton 25.) & 3*3 /N'2J Ppy D3H A wise man occupies a better position than a prophet. a nvnn ,?|tei> Dmp nan A wise man precedes a king. iv j^in /KIID^O Nrijao i^on Danger is a more serious offence than illegality. 33 'fl V3B ,*{? ND^ *6 VW ,^3yn K^> B"3i 30 People say : Do not favor a wicked person and no evil will befall thee, words (Speak not words such that thou wouldst iiave to repent for having uttered them.) N"B PIKB vfcvp^MUittM IT Dna mrni The Scripture says ''And thou shalt choose life." By this is meant a trade. (Every man should learn a trade ) a:p nap ,xnpr n"n ?trn xin mie9i6 obiyn ?(rt) *na. ,133 Why was the world created by the letter '* Hei " (H)? Because this world is likened unto a gallery, whence whoever wants to depart can do so. nx How may hatred toward on*'s fellow-man be illustrated ? A man should not say "Love the Disci- ples of the Wise and despise the ignoramus," but (he should say) ''Love everyone." moiy na^o mar The merits of a trade (work) should aid in such cases where paternal merits could not help at all. 63 ^oarm ,Dwi>nn!> nxis-in 103 ,a\>*ittr6 n Repentance is as good for sinners as a remedy for a disease. ' p pn /nyi pr n"3pn JPIJ nan ^ "DI ,'n Tj ? noS ,BBBW ny w pan $>D!> ^3 -vi ^ D'D^n i?3 n^io n\n ,njyji bi'sno NIH TTJK THO ,ny !?3n 12 innn IDKJ^ ,ny^ ^33 .Vy 'D "But as for me, my prayer is unto Thee, O Lord, in an acceptable time." (Psalms LXIX 14.) The Lord has fixed a certain time for everything and every object, except the time of praying, when someone could pray and be answered. For it is written (Ecclesiasticus VIII, 6) "To every purpose there is time and judgment." Why is it so ? Why was there no time fixed for praying ? For if a man could know the acceptable time when he could pray and be answered, he will never pray except that time. There- fore said the Lord : ''I will not let thee know when thou couldst be answered, so that thou shouldst pray all the time, as it is written (Psalm LXII, 8) : "Trust in me all the time." "inn >s '"0 Thou shouldst not bow down unto thine own 62 associate with her husband to mingle wine and strong drink with him. For through the beauty of woman many people were corrupted (destroyed), and many strong men have been slain. Many were the wounds of those who went around looking for opportunities of prostitution. Like a spark that kindles up a big fire (is their destruction, which ruins all their belongings). Like a cage full of birds, so also is their house full of cunning (deceit). Withold the fool from coming into thy house. Many should be those who wish thee peace, yet disclose thy secrets to but one out of a thou- sand (friends). Even from her who lieth in thy bosom (thy wife) thou shouldst keep the ope- ning of thy mouth. Do not care about to-morrow's tribulation, for thou knowest not what will occur to-day. Possibly thou shouldst not be to-morrow, so thou wilst have grieved about a day that is not thine, ,;Ta .TDD it6 n We have no remedy for a fool whereby to make him wise. .-npira K-ISD ,n uja >ipe> nirn The value of peace excels that of every thing else. him '"Master, where art thou going?' 5 So lie them that he goeth to do a charitable deed for the guest that is in his house. "And hast thou guests every day ?" they asked him. "Is not this poor soul within the body a guest? To-day it (soul) is here, tomorrow it is not here''. mis pi sjoaa :r6 njonon He who is appointed to a high office ( ) that he bought with money, is not given the honorary title of Rabbi, and his garb of dignity is not more honored than the saddle that is on the back of an ass. The world without the Sabbath day would be like a ring without a seaL n^yn ^VN en bs /nnn^on *n$>n js jn n^N ^^'j? D'bj?n rrann ^3 o*D.vjn inminn D^T nD 1 rr^K nsina ^a ,nstn p icy ^o aiba ,n!jn3 n^yiD px ,nny -13-6 D^JIOH ^an 'yvs vn ,DV n^ no yin xb a /nno mv nvn ^x /nonn K^D on^nn p /ibty WKB' n^iy.n ^y nyDve VDJ .urtn a ino > mo n^3 ,^oi^ :rn2e> mo i^as ^ron "i^n ^an Everything depends upon its planet (luck); even the Scroll of the Torah that is in the Holy Shrine. .^4 rat? .Tayn &6 -jianij ^JD -j^yn i b^n Hillel said: "Do nothing unto another that you would not have done unto yourself." no DOV s|^m ^no nM vn^obno IBSJ iTn^ nyt^a jprn ^n N^oaspn oy non ^103^ :nnij-iDX ^WiftftK Ku*B3 pm :on^ IOK ?K^DDK j^> n^s "KOV !>3 K^n n^ nno^ xan MM p MDV ?MBU ua NM .ina nno .Man .rn^yn lys? n"n .a^n DD^pfw?6n Hillel the Elder, when departing from his disciples (from the Beth Hammidrash), was wont to go with them a little way. Once they asked 59 .a*' n^j-.e>Kn3 psip ornn "The Ignoramus is the first to break in with his opinion." .rat'in .-pao oxnnn K^ ny p T1 nx P ^ Think over the words that thou goest to speak before thou bringest them forth out of thy mouth, .rum 7jtan p3l^33 iBon nx jm o'nrn DK r6t^ fern Time can send a fly which will ensnare the eagle in a bird cage. (Ben Hamslech Vehanozir). .m:yn -w DTasn nnno .lyats fi iiy^ ^n nxin The wolf changes his color but not his nature Love mostly those friends who rebuke you. He who suspects his friend to have been guilty of something of which he actually was not, must ask for his pardon. on3 YID .roai H3 ppn /myn m HSJ-I n^na x^a? nn\n There was a living coal before him. He blew upon it and kindled it up; then he spit upon it and it was extinguished, B^ pYinJD .JO3J !V3 bn^ N3K .^31 WO ^3*K niDNT 13",n (.1K 1DD ^^2^1^D1 TDino) People say, "From the trees of the forest we take a handle for the axe to cut them out. (Thy 58 .B*J D'3 xm-a cppr People say: One whose relative was hanged shall not say to his friend "hang this fish up". c 13 .VB pany-.-irm^ ID nosi nontr pt3 D'H^K Rabbi Bar Mori expounded : "He shall abide before God forever; mercy and truth will be prepared to preserve him." When shall he abide forever before the Lord? When he will exercise mercy and truth. D"nn pj nonp Manners were created before the Tree of Life. emo DDyo VKB-U p by naa noxn "Truth" is very heavy; therefore those that carry it are very few. .n"D3 V-Q ybon 'urn nav a"j; ,onpy rn The Patriarchs were barren (childless). D'J nmna .moyy n^ /nov nb nx-ao Idleness causes a man to commit suicide. .nenn nmo laoa .injaj nsr $ He who is crook-backed does not see his hunch, enno .a 11 nx n If the vine of the vineyard was not bent while it was moist, it can not be bent when it is dry. 57 house, prays the Lord to aid him complete his work successfully. XT ?non no ap NT ?rra no rva NT N^T ,rpa rtaa rra tm N" Dmj i| jjp no "op x^ He who possesseth some knowlege possesseth everything. If he hath not knowledge, what hath he then? He who acquireth it (knowledge), what doth he lack? If one hath not acquired it what other valuable thing could he have gained. .12 ny& n'apn SJKS? Di^n ^ru tun ^xyw 1 'n un n"D nina^ We were taught by Rabbi Ishmael, that peace is suck a great (essential), that the Lord himself had made a change of words, only to preserve peace- 3"p rna-a .3^3 D'DJSJ iSn \o pawn onan Words that come forth from the depth of the heart enter directly into the heart. .rfanro .KWDipa o^pn p^o -IDS sana no'oi> *yan He who wants to speak falsehood, let him speak some truth at the beginning. .YD rursn .013*6 prrm anr ^aa nnupb ppp mm nan a"a nrjn n^env To acquire knowledge is as diflScult as it is to secure golden vessles ; but it can be lost as easily as the glass vessles are lost 56 'n JTO-Q .D^C^XT: He who enjoys the products of his own labor is considered greater than he who fears Heaven. .'B a'a .nenyn p nnv He who persuades others to give charity is con- sidered greater than he who gives charity himself. ntryn & nnntr nvon Respect for man's fellow-man is a great thing, for it abolishes the force of a negative precept. W The hospitable reception of strangers is greater than the reception of the presence of the Schechinah. .vp pinjo .rpro ppw rr6 nrn People say^ "The camel wished to have horns, wherefore his ears were cut off. (He, who wishes for more, losses the little he has.)" 6 }nj xb i^ax ,n\Si'< D"J2> 1202 nnn nx He who receives his friend with a friendly mien, although he gave nothing, is considered to have given all the gifts of the world. O"D irons .np worn Nninno DISK The thief, when digging through his neighbor's 55 world into the hands of watchmen. .rvn 3*3 nstPiT .nano onsim nmyo Drurio DTI' The gifts of flesh and blood (man) is very little, but his shame is great* rO newt ^yaaviD'sa ,10132 13: DIKPI nnan The character of a man may be judged from three things, namely: how he acts when he has his cup (of stimulant beverage} r how he deals when he must use the money of his- purse, and also according to haw he acts when angered. Kin jno *'na :>NDB" "i ,n'P When Abdant defamed Kabbi Ishmael Ben losi, he (Abdam) was stricken with leprosy, two of his- sons were drowned, and two of his daughters-in- law demanded to be separated from their husbands. .3*3D annas i The greatest hero is he who has the ability of turning his anemy into his friend, im T nvinv The service done to wise disciples (Talmud Hohom) is of greater importance than the study of the Law itself. 54" N*-Q ^TK wtano:? sn^n pa People say: When the mother (of a new born relies upon the midwife to take care of the ohild, and the midwife trusts the mother to take =care of it, the out come is that the child of the -suffering mother dies. .n"o moa'.jnpn tops i.n'v p*iB tnn ]y .winy p'm 1 iptfS nsnn) The camel boasted that in Medea he danced with in the circle of a pail (He who wants to deceive about some occurrence says that it happened at a distant locality, so that his deceitfulness rnaj not be detected. i*j pany .D^au ini D'^yuin :me'n 'Ott'y pen The man kind is as the grass of the field^ some are flowered while others are faded, in ta Though thy son's son sell wax, (an abominable article), be thou not afflicted about it. pox JIDKH) Wine, lead .to every injury. (Intoxication may lead to any misfortune.) .'D t"y anD iDiy IDIDB' Dipon Blessed be the Omnipresent who delivered Hig 53 nee .royo bbab N3 oya bbab N3 As soon as a person grows angry he is apt to commit an error n'y Nor .NTobn b'as* rm bnai People say: The scholar eats (lives) through the merit of the instructor. 'mn Blessed be thou who has kept me this day from shedding blood. By the word (Bedomim) blood, we understand two kinds of blood. .3"* p"3 , People say: That, when the thorn bushes are plucked off, the useful vegetables (cabbage) is also plucked off (unwillingly) (On account of the guilty person the innocent is also punished sometime.) .n"o rvo-a -.JPT rrBBp pvn pvia jfr i^j?oa 103) People say : By the blossom that is cut off, we can judge how the fruit will be (whether bad or good). nx N S 2 nto Idleness couses a man to commit suicide. .3* P' V 3 .Np iTO HK'H N tOD HTD For people say, "Throw no stone into the well from which thou drinkest water". 52 ." a*a .nj'aK> *JB apm nan 'jy nrsns jnu ns If a man gives a pruto (a coin of very little value), he is mendered meritorious to behold the Divine presence. mow nuoan NTI nbru yanrp m!> rp? IOK no'p DUK^TUK OHDK n"no .n^XDty nynn Kin ^na n^ IBK /D^KT D^ya^ pa Emperor Andrionis, said to Rav loshua; ''Won- derful that a lamb among seventy wolves can be saved from their ferocity". Rav loshua answered, "More wonderful is the shephard who guards and rescues the lamb from the seventy wolves". (Jewish Race is referred to as sheep and God as Shephard. The seventy wolves as all the other nations). .T'D pmruD .rrb rip NDXI rvot? NDK ^n ^a "Kpn NDN A rose, though standing among thorn-bushes, still retains its name and is called by it. ,n"D o'a.Knp E"p t^p Kra If a coin be put into an empty pitcher a great rattle would be heard therefrom. .ion nns nuy^a PK DX ,ni^yDn baa chwo nns I^DK Even if thou hast attained the perfection of men, but thou possessest not meekness, there is still something that thou lackest. 61 may get it by his tongue, and he who seeketh death may also receive it by his tongue. The tongue is the pen of the heart. (Hovas Alvo- vas Shaar Hoanva) '33 'iv xbi ,pntn tO3iy psyn &bt?b ;'CE>y "33 pri" n"b rox They said to him; "Let the children of the nations go in peace, for they follow the deeds of Aaron (pursuing peace) and let the children of Aaron not dwell in peace, for they do not act as Aaron did". .rr'3 prnp Dvinb IJYVDCO rrojb WITDK When one says, ' 'This (article) I give to God'" it is considered as if it were being delivered into the bands of man. abiyo Dibs? DTK nonpn sbs? nvnbe35?n n nbyo nnst? ny ,b'isn ns nan DK .T3 n'lo .iWKnn nx nat? 133 Though thou shouldst flay the fool, while thou liftest thy rod to repeat it on his back, he forgets the pain of the first stroke rod. 50 anything else?" So they said to him: "We need thy prayer (Blessing)." Then he said unto them: "If you need my prayer My God Almighty give you mercy". .rp DnDB /^oa TIDTI bw Knyaaa lien wna 3-6 m ib ICK Rav said to Rav Cohano, "Rather handle a car- case of an animal (do any derogatory work) than alter your word." p*nv jnE'3 ,D'33i: niK'Bi isy} ne>o IT .T*D nb*ao .o^aaiab ny pbiy pbw fneai ncyb ny They told him that this Jewish Nation is likened unto the stars and the dust, for when they rise they ascend to the stars, and when they descend they reach to the dust. (Megila 16) to ,boio nnNi pjnpi DIN hv ina ba /jiB'bS n"3pn rvb ics ne' ^^ ""nopn^ JON niyxpi ,D':aao nnsi pna DIN hv max JIB'!? ib sTDi" 1 noi ^b jn* no .itra b^ nnsi D^y b^ nnx moin ,v y D paiy n s 3^3 runs 'yan ,n t iB'^3 D-'-n ^yan si ncxns ,n s oi (n" '"jtro .'i3i uitrbi TE 1011? IDK K"DD osnm The Holy One, blessed be He, said to the tongue, "All the members of the human body are in a stan- ding position, only thou art in a lying position; all members are external only thou are internal; more- over have I surrounded thee by two walls, one of bone and the other of flesh. What shall be given unto thee? or what shall be done unto thee, thou false tongue? For Rovo said, "He who seeketh life 49 another one's oath, is as if he took the oath himself. .vs pbin .nv-iun run niJib "notf ^S*IEK> ION Sameul said, "It is forbidden to deceive the minds of people". .&"j D*-:i-.r s^ri pm People said, "If thy wife be of low stature, bow down and listen to her advice''. The mouse and the cat prepare a banquet of the fat of the unfortunate. (Two enemies often join to- gether to take revenge of their other foe.) or wyoa on^yoB' /ptyns pron^ pynvn JD N ptwa p^ King 7anai said to his wife, "Do not fear the Perushim nor the non-Perusian, but fear those hypo- crites, who claim to be Perushim, they are as wicked in their actions as Zimri, and demand a recompense as that of Pinch as". onx D'anx ,DTPIK nm pnnn nni eioan nn nnb pya pnn ^ni^v DS nnb no .p^ya p in^x n^b P-IID .sn inio ."D^m DDbjn^ HP bm He said unto them: "Here is the money, here is the gift and here is your brother. Do you need 48 ,vrn .'D nran (,minn 10 wsv n"n m) Rabbi Simon Ben Yohoi said, "People would not say, examine this camel or this hog as to whether it is fit to be sacrificed (for they are absolutely forbidden to be sacrificed as an offering to the Lord even when they are without any defect), but they would say. "Examine this lamb, (which is perfectly admitted to be sacrificed but may be excluded on the ground of having a defect)". p&n ,mxnB irvab o:a:n I&OIP n'npn anai nymx ^oen .T"t3 nnj -nan Rabbi Simon Ben Yohoi said, "There are four things that the Holy One, blessed be He; abhors; and one of them is when one enters his own house suddenly; how much more so when one enters his friends house unexpectedly". Vio^ .nra Tnai iwmn DINT XICD ^ nn nn^> D^rmi D'X'333 ,min3 irvo "6 "i IOK .p'tsa T'no .yty-i DTS i>rio^pa Rabbi Levi said: "We find throughout all Scrip- ture that the Holy One-Blessed be He-does not wish the wicked to praise him". pn irnon B" b^b pnj 13 pyB> '- Rabbi Simon said: "Everything can be exchan- ged except the woman that one marries in his youth". .n"'p D^noa .o^s -D^BTD 'IKI 11303 npsy nny Tyon ?3i Rav Sheshes said in the name of Rabbi Elia- zar Ben Azaryah: "He who goes about slandering others, he who received the slander and he who bears false witness against his neighbor, deaerve to be thrown to the dogs to be eaten by them". y 31 Rav Sheshes said, "Arrogance is a great quaen, the crown is the only thing it lacks". 46 >3*s p'3 py*jn jo tnv pyivb ^ -^ pny ' Rabbi Isaac said: "The plain tiff must suffer more than the defendant", pm* n vby }\sa D'yjJi n-'DB'b ny nu^y bnaoi ,ton .vn paiy .pN-n ibpo^ D-'a^ Rabbi Yohanan said : "He whose tongue speaketh evil (a talebearer) is considered as if he denied the existence of God; he has no share in the world to come, he raises his inquities unto the sky; plagues are inflicted upon him and he deserved to be lapidated''. ,D*anpn ns npmDi? KB^ r6nj ?:nv 'i .3'P p-nn:D . Rabbi Yohanan said : That food is great, for it causes those who are near to be distand and those who are dietand to be near; it turns the eye of the Lord from the wicked, it causes the divine presence, (Schina) to rest among the prophets of the idol Baal, and when not given in error to him who needs it, has the result of a sin committed presumptuously. 'yiu tfbi D'Knm t6 iSSi D'Xion 'is p yenrv "i IDK .T'DD TO .r*r p Rabbi Joshua Ben Pazi said: "The thorns are 45 little streams of water, which when filled with water gradually grow larger and larger". .'p p-nruD .nra^n by pbina lan hy pbinn ba Mon a-i ION Rav Hisdo said, "He who contradicts his Teacher, is as if he were contradicting the Lord". nBiy i'Ka 121 ny nano ntwn ra srjn 13 NDH an . 'p p-nnjD .nraevi oy na^o Rabbi Home Bar Hanina said, "He who quarrels with his Teacher, is as if he were quarreling with the Lord". D^m no /D^rob D^niK laco: nob Nrjn -i"a sen 'i ION .ftD niaia .mm ^ o^mx na mnob nxoiBD mxn nx pbyo Rabbi Homo, the son of Rabbi Hanina, said, 'That the purpose of writing the words (tents) and (rivers) near to each other in the Bible, (Numbers XXIV, 6) is to indicate, that just as well as rivers have the ability of bringing man from a state of (physical) impurity into a state of clean- liness; the tents (of learning) possess the ability of causing man to be judged charitably^ instead of being judged severely". ->riN oyino i^xa ian nnx ny-inon !?a NDB na xrsn 'i -IOK .'p p-nnjo -.nrasrn Rabbi Hanina Ben Papa said, "He who becomes enraged against his teacher, is as if he were become enraged against the Lord". 44 .3"* p-nnjo .ry nniy i'*o rnans *|non >D nry^K >m \ now Rabbi Eliazar said "That he who changeth his word is considered to have committed idolatry". 'B 3*3 .nenyn JD -inv npyon n Rabbi Eliazar said, "He who encourages others to give charity deserves greater praise than he who gives it". nnn: *6 ,Dr6 nro3 nB* nnb injirv mbn N Rav said ''That if Jonathan had given David two loaves of bread, Nov would not have been destroyed. Doeg would not have been disturbed, and Saul and his three sons would not have been slain. /p p-nruD .1*62 naiy npi^nco p'tnorr ba 3 Rav said, "He who insists upon continuing to quarrel, violates a precept of the law". K3TIOK mo K^ naw'jo Rovo said, "It may be said that even if there were a famine lasting seven years, it would pass by the door of a man who had a trade (handiwork) nm jv3 N^cn KpT2n joirv K^OT N-on ^n KJIH 3T 10 K .nn Rav Huno said, "Disputes are comparable unto 43 m*D 20 .'p He who blows off the sediment that comes to the top of the glass, proves that he is not thirsty. He who says, "What should I eat this bread with/' (requiring something besides it) proves that he is not hungry. mBtrm ;ve>y nesm irpyt? no bs y^eai n'apn jebin IOK .10 n*o .ib TIBWU? T'n b'K ?nob David said to the Holy One (Blessed be He), "Master of the world! Everything (else) that Thou hast created was wisely created; (but) what use will the world have of Folly that Thou hast cre- ated? The Lord then said to him: "It is as true as thu livest that thou will make use of it". inn Wfco minBi n-vay n-a &"E> DIN ni3N 13 xas 31 ICN .T"ta myn -nu p^DBironen n Rav Ada Bar Aava said "A man who confesses a violation that he has committed, and does not cease doing it, is likened to one who keeps a reptile in his hand, etc. Rabbi Abuha said, "He who criticises his master (teacher), is considered as if he were criticising the Lord". 42 pino ,syoni 10 ,iiyn' ja pino rm ^> .D^'jan -imo .)fpni Be not sweet lest thou shouldst be swelled; be not bitter lest thou shouldst be lessened; be not sweet lest thou shouldst be sucked out (exploited); be not soft lest thou shouldst be trampled upon; nor be thou rough lest thou shouldst be cut off (exterminated) . ,ynrn im .join ynonE'K KDZJIK If black did not exist, we would not know what white is. -mxn inr ,aoinj If darkness did net exist, we would not know what light is*. .icnan ynon^K N?Dpya NDIES? nanri< If foolishness existed not in the world, we would not know what wisdom is. nx pODin pnajn ,ptano on^nm .no D'noa-.nibpDa oyn Aba Shaul Ben Botnis said: "Woe me because of their pens, (slander), woe me because of their fists, for they are High Priests, their sons are treasurers, their sons-in-law are superintendents, and their servants beat the people with rods". 41 One with which to speak about wordl} r affairs and one for the study of the law. But he (Rabbi Simon Ben Yohi) changed his mind saying, that if a man, having only one mouth, talks so much evil (being harmful to the world), how much more would be speak if he had two mouths. .1'B nniro Nnaoin .nnion jruBD pj^'D PR People should not be at variance with the custom of the people of the country. .n'j maia ima D'aboa DN bx iiavn by DJ-IB proyo PR A director of public affairs should not be appointed unless the public has been consulted (about his appointment). no nar TK3 K*:n non -^a psi /wsj nisw PR "A fool is not sensitive, and the flesh of the dead does not feel the incision of the knife". ,3"D rnaR .-imrn jo cmsn ^x "Separate not thyself from the community". oirbn nym ,onyno ibnn- omv nya n^R D'r:Nn JD ^nn bx T' tin? 'Jicann .nniw lyjr on^y nyai , Driven by ionj "Be thou not of those people who cease their wickedness when they are in distress; "when ill they repent of their iniquities, and when in poverty they humble their pride". 40 0*3 TH.nNJ rtrwiafcMi&H nspio n'apn p The Holy One, Blessed be He, does not fail to reward one for a nice expression that He utters. .'n maia .DniDNn rrao imy THD nan p He who is imprisoned cannot release himself. maw n*iD nn muss D^O vrpp ny jbwj b^ic" PK Israel will not be redeemed until they will alJ be united in one band. ,BB vtnn .nya pn An upright woman is she who doth the will of her husband. VCD njp:n ,noNco imin p nnocj' v 'ByK n'n nr njx nr: b I went down into the garden of nuts. "By this the learned scholar is alluded to, whose teach- ings, although he himself had sinned, are not rejected. T'B T"K1 . A man should not mourn when he is among people who rejoice; nor should he be happy when he is among mourners. pn BO nab x-iam KJ^KP ^n 'ron KIIO by D'Kp win ii> nn N noi ->ONI irn ,vanv ba T3yT im unnwa 'y^T in /poic T'B niro If I would have been on Mount Sinai, I would have asked the Lord to create man with two mouths. 39 .T'D rims .nr-an DN naaon ?nao nrw Who is honored ? He who honoreth his fellow- creatures. nn nnj 15 tw *o ?3 ?TB>y nrN Who is rich ? He who findeth pleasure in his riches. .rvm N VINISO Nip (.3 jots nrya If a peasant be made king, he would not take the basket, (which he was wont to carry) off from his shoulder. (Habit is second nature). nuina A man is forbidden to sell any article that belongs to his wife. .jna iioy pa nn'-xn PNS? anan in^vn r inna 1*3 The Beth-Din (the Jewish Court) should not issue a law which the people cannot obey. /ax rttro iBDa .prn ^sa niy 121 p Nothing can oppose itself against the circum- stances of the time. na ^?^y Nini? nyeo NN onxn HN n n '3pn PN .j'^n no The Holy One, Blessed be He, judges man only according to his present state and condition. 38 wife nicely, even if I will have no garment to wear at all". V-io ,nns nxjp 8*71 nirro HND ICKI ne>D pyv nye- At that time Moses exclaimed, "A man should rather die one hundred times than to envy his friend once, (Envy is worse than death). DTion nnao .ntrin noop ba nnnx The result of every controversy is regret. .a'D mm .m pbin nmn ^sij bstf mirzt? njep n^is nt'K (.inj?T' Tarn ' ^m" n*i2) Which is the smallest portion (of the Scripture) which expresses all the essentials of the law? It is this: In all thy ways acknowledge Him (the Lord) Who is a hero? He who quelleth his desires. nr Who is a wise man? He who learneth from everybody. Who is called a wise man? He who contemp- lateth into the future. .To nux-.ipbnn nctrn ?TW HTK Who is rich ? He who rejoiceth in his portion. 37 jnii /orn NPI TIK sb 'jrn 22^ ,-Dmoi TIK ^DJ xnun 22** Ca'O nap) To the dwellings of the rich many friends and relatives come (for each wishes to benefit something), but to the poor man's house no friends come. (The nch man has many friends, but the poor has none). .n^'jsn -mac po^ 162 SNDBO onan N?2 on A man without friends is same as the left hand without the right hand. ." 2"2 ,nrae> ^abapoi nait ^yb none JITO DIK If a man gives a pruto (a coin of very little value), he is rendered meritorious to behold the Divine presence. pans VBDiK>t? nnfj & w\ .D.TBDit? ns wzww ^-fo ib ^IK .nn THD .BBBTtb Woe to that generation which judges its judges, and woe to the generation whose judges must be judged- .B"B a"3 ."IB1N N^ DN "b ^S ,1O1K DN ^ "IN Woe to me if I should say it, woe if I should not say it. D'p'D ^ ^n ,-\wch rj i2n KmiN .VB nmna 'em* n?3 OK DJI OK n^i' nnja 'ntrn nw People are accustomed to say, "I will dress my 36 nyn non N^ inni , inn ^IK ,ns ^pQ /' my ID^DV nyny ma: no & nn nui pyob DCT u yjn a ,nnnio pxn ^y na D isaiynn minom narn m oy 5"r IKPJ D n -i 2 K D'pnpn invn nnnv on^ni^aj vni ,i>"T K D D unbnp ba o^a ,nrny nnna ,Tjnua onaaoi on^pion ninya anian ." ,, rny^ ai -(nn mp non C" 35 me" ninxi nanK HDK ,D1 TJKI .1> yn> onxa onKn mjr 3ip3 pB'i iv ^ pK3 /jp^icNn^nnnnn D^oinn ^ ^yi 13^13133 TJHIN D i| 3-i3 ujn nr3i vj nrno pnw n^y ^nirx DHirrn 3 ^ p p D D K ^ m ipn /DTN3 n^n ?iby3 niD ^y ^ nar ,npnoK3 man ninny3,D3"n 'onnn^n p 13 npN-rnnNn lev nyi TS ^of"* /a^T^n ^ 3-3^3 n^n Kim /n^m IB>I^D nn nx ?JK DTI^ it^sj nav "m nnn B^aiVne p ^jn ^Tyo f>3 n^ 131 niB'Qjn n^si njK3 nans teo fD s yj n^ nin ,nnan mvix3 D\n^K K^J .oyo onion T^ys moai JIDK on ^n:pi 'JJIDX O^IKI pri pDKf> TJ^SJ nnuoi !?3Kf TJJI^B' y on^yo nnp!>j >3 ,-ib ^pnosn oyn B'EU p^ini n^ nnni>vni nsr IJVIK na-iBb n^yi ^ye man ne>N /enjKn pen nss pa ntjw ,ni3^oo nn3Ji mrn3 'nntr mm f>y |3 ^si> tin ^ 13^ pnnxn iyjn ny oyn nb^ni on~Kn 34 n fc>aj patnb ,^iJKn pon ."63 nnnn mx-ix atw oyni IND biu ,nrnpn umin 'pnb D'JOK: onirr -nna oyn Tn33 n 1 nbe> "IB-*K by^3n nxnn nryo }y ma: 3 ms^nanNi pxn 01^0 p^nnb mob' uniin *pn wn:io3 n'm nwo N^m /nin^ m ^E^n msin bs nx 3nb Nin (n" 11 n'- Nip 1 "!) '1103 ^snb nsnx^ 'iixn ('b n3B>) "nuyn xb i"i-nb 'JD ^byi. nos bbn n'n nt bn ^b^a py xin i^bp5 ix u mob ib^xi pun btsnos n 1 nbc-b nx n33b iJ'by Kin BMP 3m UHJION nxo ^3 ,n3T C'T T'y) fixn Dibjrsi ioibe>3 bbannb :3 H3 P333 Dublin bnp bx I.T'OT NUJH fb& T^ HDD3 -"i bx my3 i^bsnni no^ D3nx ^n^n i^K-pyn oibcj' n itrnni* 3 DJ ,('K T'3 >b^0) *lboi *33 "I ^N *<1\ /C" 1 0*3 1iTOT) .('3'' nbnp) 'bbpn b ibo ibon 3y rrn nux) "nisbo b^ noib^3 bbsno^ini. :umn mobnn 'by3 iroam n'apn yivn, ,(a'p o^nar) "i^by ms>o no'K snn obiyb// ('3 a's nmna) "obiyn moix3 mo* b^ bxn^ n .t3 nboo) "nisbob niaa pibnb n ; n nxo o ,njvbyn nnj^nna DTCXO wan pnvn K^:n nipo xboo nvnb JV3T oyo DIIO nbiyab x^vib v by nryi inyo' Dn \ov nbsn .(a"B t*n) mn Ss n 33 tarrnsn 1 ? unto i^ aroon n NDD hy imty DV^ 62 'pnnsKfi oyn ro xa ,man JWIN JOBO nny invna 'mm pbisi N'oon n^' omn^n umw D'bno uan ,iK>&na b peon wynr n yunb ^ony^n va nanoa IPK PINIJ T'yn DnKa iBn N^JH ni by 'ac j'Snpn p't* mna j?3i ,o"p .(vp jmnjo) }'ya IHI bv no nsa noxi (a*o noio) nn'ay trStra ,j?"joi T'etpoi T"i % a ynn JIB''? ntrp noa nwni Kia .(3*3 BTIW tp-na) ni^nj niana a'fia I'nB-'rai ,nSn:i Snj ana n*apn ION i"nV moM nytrai ,nn "jy ni't? mo nno .(Nsn nai nnat) iai na'B ata n'S an na Mai Mao ns h pan pie nay 'ata'? j'atn ia itn 'iai 'Joi -nta 'jy o'p :nn iS'K iax vae^n ,0"^" (K*B maia iB^trnO 'iai Kmm'n p n'a n'p "?'a KoSy nS v jai nD nt inoiK pa ianS ISID THN itrya man DK in ja ,Mnan IB antrn *iai b" /iieai mpa np m V'K ,ian HDIB D3iE'S ointp ^n a ,nn'B ^ana n'Biitrn ,(o"i n7nn) mono IMDJ pw :3'3n 'i rwya wvy /nsn n^x aiiH '3iaao DJI uiao "i nyai ,ntya S 'T /M'y o^nn) 'nyn nrpaa nsn 'a iia a :n"y TDHH i^on nan nny iipn pSi .(T'p otf) nywS *b 'nm 3nay a ^IK ,'na nionS aie ,rj*?nna vnnsn mina irna toato ,nB'Btfn >sa tynesi BH by .JBK 0^1 j? nyi nnya IBS? 32 x :nt pya o^an bin none ux'ani ua-isn tva D'bpaB> bp ib'BK (no rnana) x'Dpio N^DST p next? DJH ,(n'a no) on'aKap Taw Kin nn -navn by D:ID nbyobo yen ns?yj nceta iiavn by one n^bo :T"bn 3 -a nniaa 'DbenTai O*B N" ~\VK psn oya onios arm onann noa ,mi:n be* nymoa vbyc' ;(n'a niana) nos nr pjai ,D3nansjnoi e>np oy 'pjn by yoia sin ioa /D'can n-'obn bi^ pyva yir nnx pB' ions nn^ nnb "IN : Dt?a D'K-ipjn ijsixa nvwa ^naa mbnp nxpa D'Djna D'-XXDJB' bax ,Ty,n Dib'^ai nibnpn na^a D^nui D^WJ DJ'sti n^nma sba D'miyn ,^npn naxboa niicxa D'poiyn o^an D^KVD) DJ p nrn jjmpn by |ai -nanab mar w ,nn'nibnp nnbxna abi ab 'rono HM Kin "a ,jnaxn by ban xnpb baw IJV-IK ^w n brp-po .(r'-a p-nnjo Nnaoin) xan obiyb pbn onb wv obiyn oyn bai /D^om sbo bw nbona incK'jb marn w^y nr :n not?: niaya npnvb mn nn^by bcicn nx iry nvpc .^po-'nfpb Dip-'mey pin 1 'T n ma IBDK ,oip iuy hy innM in yn* jyoSi (* itsrn nyen /'a 1 ? nnpo ixs man Sa iw ,,-itn rmn nan Sy wao IWK n^ 'a ,n"nnn maa Syi >oj? na ia Sy nDM3n ^sh 'aa? HBB^ S nn'n ,Kirj ctrn nn 'rit:^ nsnn ^a o ,MJ:DT i'j? i^t bna icai /^KIO iiaa ica ,ncDnn nyvz onn n>iann 'marm ,nn nprna Sow a WKI aant J'H iTeonb oSa iK3i D^ii'D nSo no pia "ansn ibo TDM, irm ,mn j?na o caso by maa^i 'T :B^ n'w ^i? 1 ? ian :y*nnK i^na nmayn ]D 'mnai ,('a nitJB') nmayn J nnnr. ja'KB' nnaK ^aa ^TH Tin maK ,naiONn nia -nmnn maK SK nua aS aurn jyo^ .wTp 'snai S"rn HDKD ntsa niai ,i*7iis?a is-i wna man ,bybz aa ,yn raK -Sy iop nr niapai .n'ODaw onaa ns-mb *ov iana DJI niboii nnp 'j'D ^aa n^ mn ,n"n mo lan^i Da"|3 by na ^B^ nnin imno IBK /onbir, D'nyn anaa SI mil 'n a PBJ ITa i^ rwvom n JV33 ?pab nn n^ano UKP unb'anb tu atrpn ,cr abai ,UN^J notrj iya nrn *b:J T ppD ,D^ya am name Sir? ,0110.1 t^Kn m 12 .nrn pia ,IIIN it n tmi ns ^x /nnapb ibav avn nu'ai ^rp^pD ma OKI \TI i^aja mo nrin D^mn pis nn ^npn mm wa:i minis n nS D'-nn inva mi n imi ^zwr\w .ninnn *n , ny VDK" sb nsbni DTHD >a /taiea wvn ^ajpr ^yi b>an S ny HOD 'ja!)K3 n^nyn ,smpn '!?: trs: Iminoi na? B>B3 nxi i K i x y n D c'inn IJK^J iyai;n^D nsns I^N ^y lyn D^DI c n bn^ ioy vnb "i n\i> a ^NDS ^y ae" IK- o b y 1 1 r 1 1 Jjynn p "iy i^iNai ,IIB"D tsat^a npnyox oy nrn bnan oyn DUD 'aiK' pa njny ^aj nt^ Di D'K'paon apyi pnv nmas S i3 t^ip jnr ^y xbn /brp^po DS^^II (* ^ ( npn noe'j iya , na DU^V urn** IB>K ,pxn DI^ iya b^annb wby niiia 'n e>inn us^: ni tya KJ IM- IT- by onnyn bai sini ,->y 'i M^I ,awa vt) "r jo Dj ny3 3^ rujcb /D'D^iy nmaob ovn ^3im IBV ^ jnvn nnxi ,^cy ^3 33b nisnyo nyn 01^3 B'mb w>by nns^ mm ^niin niy bsi .vbuno D'-inxn rat M I3ip3 nw by ^3x3 KJ nips /nin-nn > 3b rrn 13J pon n^yni (* (** own 29 rpnai ,i njnn nixa Tsnb ntn n s 33 n^san nif>sn SM yiori) /nwasn 'jai wman 'tws6 nana VDB' s: ny^a^n .onwan *aa .^iai *w bab npnvi non ^a ni nsrn maaan nsoxn ^aa ns ni&ovn JHK rn nn'3' i a3^3nNi wman nan f>3 ns ,nTn Tyn ^v wnna ^3 ba ns sa Tia o^nnn D^ais^n onDu6n 'aa ^D'mtNn ia'ns nx a ^13 ( n s nan niviK nb^oo nK sa ina ixiN b33iaiDy'a3 ba nx Na pa ,mym Dibf urnys pt^ni .nrn n^aa 'nna^aK' xa me^ni .(* nivoai mina D'poiy .o^ibn K'np no D^iy U'IWKY nx JON 28 none' 'JBD "na* nrn Diyn Kiaj no *o :UKDP $> i>aK (0*3 nimo) v riKvS mmn nrn niycn DK fpni> Kin cmp am /Dnaaan 'jni MK /p $>y nfsnn moa f ijno mya noaon nya nivySi /jpnn!> fjaw my ,ub KM nnx n^vn pn unjn ^ HDT n^a n^i>n nx utrm^ ,ennn inn ^a nanx KM DKTI oni }rn nn j mvtei wenp nae' mo^ -nynni minn nai nK DH^J p^ nniKjn ms^n HID!? nya nwy^ b HKT .nrn ovn iy na ain niy TJ nao -^a^ni nn nao .-JIDK nao ,D'ai onao nupf> /i .psn na-^a DJI nempn una^a nnai KI iary MIK nyn ^ya D'B^O ,D"D3n D^JK!? mpfc nKt DJ SIKI /noanni mmn !?y una jnn nienn nai>o nyi> ny njiam nynS D^KDvn n^K DJ irisK ixa 11 TK IK Tiyi myi mempn t^nac *UKJI IHKJ iK>Ka tK pn TKI .^s&n nmoi nana pnnon ^an HK rw IKI ntsa^ ijam j^ TK ,10101 n?an /mm ,'T yn yir n n'aa ana IPK n'aoon nty^tyn MK Syca DunnS oj (* anon taui D'3ts"a ,n>jom n HDIKS J:D'D nr^ ^"tn noxty 103 .Dnn |>y TIT n io3 a jaiKi oai ia aa wana fjica wanai ,(v u y ,nnn yy n nt inwi p TIT n n~n ^x i" 38 ' 1 ' ( B " B ^P' .(nan wa^n) min^ noip 27 .onempo HIM nwan IN nwiBK'n 'na nvnb moo pom enpn nn inon DN u ,nt p ? nxrn .Yvvn nan nub 'mn nu U .Diaiya vn ,nbxa Q'na cvpb n^njn nbyj oa ub nbyji nmaji IKD unoo mn ,D'nbtfb ITS? n tjs^b nbcn IDS ,.nbsn -no n^ob n&om nnv n^b^o n"apn noynj) nbuon onb bmo ^xi nrn -noa ^sb i^y pxain btJiK' 11 ^ JT ba n^b .(T" 11 nn) pn rD'ann ^rniiiya npnoa nnan nivisa HQ obix am nnn^ wninin ,is na maa D" s nn nnnb tayio JDT 65>npnb 'KJa nnb pxi ,onaboi mnooa vn exb taxb /tayo Ljy run ,(* D^jyaa' onux ^sb Dniab nabo /nn-'mnbn by pan pxi t?nn p^ ^'P" 111 cratyj nbn n^nan .ijTy ^:a jvrja N n pi ,onn D^PT IN /ovn^p nr'N D^N ('nation ^byai onmon /onaaan UTy 'ja non D*K ba ibnr non /nn nun bs ixa 1 sb non-?irnwai iJ^a non ntsrnpn wnoisb nanx 'bai IDIDI nno ""ba ,nyTi HXD ai pmo UOD pmnoi Tjbin npnosa na t5>nnn nb'-bn ny nu xb wnowb nxi onr onb vn^ an'maNi uyio .(a's p a a) max nnp ^a MNT nxa: xnb'o (* ty ,nsKbon nawa 'MIBCI /nax^on ''jya'? nana 'nDtr ne (* ntra nnnTon b"m notto naa niK2i ,n"3pn ^3th nann Mn nVra DN m23D na^o nSna ,(*"> W^K) p nm cy niin naio nn nnrty mpoa moiy nssSs MIST ,(K"5 KI iS DIT NSIIP muyb IDSJ? IIDO ,(*"s Kin ,(ni=in3') ny 733 npns nvny Kin luanntfK oaiBDi |Tn ,o"^n BB ns ^>nj nos nni K3 ,('"6^3*12 lo^trii*) KfTiKa K:KI - mtrS ^o ,(J'D mosO nvjoiK'bys Ss pny /(n"j? p"3) ^ny KB" 13 13:6 sitD .(n^np n3i) iaya m^ n^n' IBID njn nos :n Tjrnya p?? ,nrn jraa TjnJ'aB' NJ in ?pa^ ,nrn n'nn n3x!? nx wmi>33 IOK' ns t "r ojna 224-8 ,^rp .11 mrra s (September i) "D-in ^1^ 31B DVD ,tt n nan nawn Jn nx Jin!) avn D-'SDKJ wan J'jni s nx n tripon miyn ^y DHHK onan ej'on^ ij!> atn^ awnji ,nrn .B>ipa imio>i ,nrn run n^an nenip *a /jnv onaajn D^DKJHD nnx ^a ,n^an n^aj on i^x D^axni! pya f /D^aSa K^I nonna K^ nwa vn ISTN n^an ^na nSxa D^na noa>a i ,13*3 imnao) ^nj jnaa mn nn; nninn n nenyi naa )^B (** .(nn J?O oi'? mx lonpn MV >ST p pni' "i Sy i^y no (*** (T*niana) ainx N^N pun ny n :! n'aann n mnNN m IDK 25 n ^3 ,nn Disown f>3 nipn nsi wpn nx -\& niaa^ rrni ^21^1 m3< nrn nj3Ji noli jotpb IB>K niumpn nnoon 'K & yos? ,nin nio^nn n^'Ka^ njnni minn nixn TNH ,nrnn^33 a nsi nxrn m33jn naonn ^3 ns mx3vn nan ^a ns NJ ^jna .1^35^31 nin nipn nnn paaa na D'an b nsi nxm mann nra KON intrnpi nwsn nn n^yo 121 "?y ( CM , pxn iSbjii /iinsn n nmjrn ^a natr IBDK:I ,3"nn n / . (N"J' ntr) nmnn inao D>a*) nna pains' lipr hwi *; naiSoS nat Doann pa at?' 1 ? nait n*T ytaian a'na^ waw o . (t"ea nan nnan) a^ (n-"B anfiiD naoo) iatz> ^apb jni ,inaob natr jrv 5 ? na j'Ka no 5 ? ^ta n^apn ,'as 1 ? nn nan .(nn nan piDD hy ,nnpDB) trnnon na IT n'jnun mai .('n maia) naSna o^nvon nn;'/]H ny 'T anix niana ,niima nai nvoja >na i^x .(^ %TIT) nana nim PB^KT memo na n , loa non ,IB Vj? mm nai rinnDtp o nanna pmnan .(vbti 3'"nn) nan thtyh p^n 24 nempn nnpnn i>y jjynn^ ,njpn mn -iy wpn rrpmo na -pry niem njan jvv Dmn 'a D'enpn *pN'aj v/ y nnyvon niaien !DM^n 'n TJB!J .Tnn nyn /fson ni^no iB'n?^ ionn naa ns orvbyo ivo'-on nan nn^a yiDj^i -jmny^ aipnn^ CB niana) mi iaiy ^a NU^ ona .on^ D^scfDi o-pim ,Dn*n D'an D'OIKI Dnry:m nnnyn pa mn'i opnncn non Tio^n aa ub rmy nojan na 'n mm not? Dniiini) ^KIB^ n^^ 'ISD s nai>// DJ rn mo !)ai D^H^K ny-n ,mm mmn ^jna ,oey onmn nniN toana ,^xif n^ lajnn 1 nojan noan Brno ma non nojan ma .mmn noi^ ^>NIK" 'oan w^o'i urn* ana .'n Dyij 'n tj-n ^110 D^ai ixr nnoi ana ,ns?y IK-K nt^yon i>yi uoy i^ na ijnnn i>y npnv^ D nNtini mm xvn nnoi tripn nicK'o neiB' D"oan n^n n^Kn oman .moSn ma i emon ma is-ipj p!>i ^K-IB miayn ,mmn : noiy Q^iyn on^y i^x D^ioyn n^B' n D^ .(** DHDH rr ^ njs ,HJB px rvnn nny ts-n'jo umx i^x nxrn pxn mn n^aa .wnya miayni mmn ,nnrrn non n^yji ,mmi3^an nitj? pai union noS 1*2 a OIH^ IDK ox puo K^ tsj?oai (* ,npis re-ij, 1 ! TDSiO TTU nnM nnw Sa a ,n .( 't ioJ) 'i3i ttwn Sa TKD hy 'ts3' noxia (** 23 a naw 'n n" nrm Tvan rusn p .-OB p mn) ,IOB> nx B>ip WBDKJ DIM nin , a^n umKty nrn pjaai nrn Dipon .ina^ pyo nr u /D^DJ JIIBMI T'js^y^n^ IV^IDDX^ u ,n by /^aa isn^ ^oy^i taiaa ono nnx i>3^ ,ny !?32 nnoy D'3in D'oyn pa or pi rcia HDJIDI DI^I naia ,D"n io^> "jnn pn ^Ji nnn om m^nntj' pon ^y "$ nv n .nn^y nm n'an ."npnoxa nnan roms, ^>n /nniom nxrn iK>p2> ui ^nTnin -]T3 D.T^y yss^n I^K niton ^3 ^>y mpn x^D 11 DV n^pi ij^ia ,nan3 ^DI .snn t6t> mv i?3 ^>y -nyvi v^y f>p^ nisao ,nrn nun ejo ^y ma Dm i'n ax Tjrn pnvni sn 1 13 .o^ain ij^om ^y n Kip 11 131 .Tj^ya D^on ^3 n^' py niyoni rvv pBir3i ,pin mo 13 JV3 p 5y n^Ki .iry-ir *BD nstrn iab vi>y n^ 'JD02> nyoi -irosm irx^j b njxm nnsn* HD^I r amn^np unv ^y onyn Dnonai onu hy on^yo is^t^ Dn3 .n^oyn pa nvpi o pnj; KIB" , i'ss tmaxo ni ^yi ( 'aw 22 r>K nn nnj n&>yj nrn nmcn npnpn a jnv si> nr D a ,y*j e i:n , pan oy nrn ^321 ny ^33 D"pi tsnes oniyan 'nbi ,bi>33 ,^33 u-msin nx nra ns DK nnoa onniyj3 D'-nuo irniJ3i irn nx niNt? nara U3 D^ipn ,iy amx ba 33} nno^i 1333^ mn ^y3 inw pn DK 0*3 onai) "n^nn^i D YV nnn p^nnb on^n rimyn a ,Dnxn Kin na K yn^ (* nyim mo ^53 onbirb 3-tD'n5 n3nn ^ ,nyin ^yi ,mmn ^a> n^nn >an I^BX ,j?3on ]wb ninxi piDB nvn Sa imrwo) jima mso px^o iatp papn iS'BM : ^'rn IIDK^ no oytvv jionna rincn S rmana IIOMT <]i>'n H^ DI .pn ^T Sya Sy pn >KP nti ,(TS ipoy b^ /mina poiyi nar DK :mion trmaa naoi /nwyan Sx ipij? .oiSn ok^o B^WIM jn iDNJtr ,01^.1 ow^oa ny naSnai mini 21 ,lou ninnaa 'a Dnbnxa nxn ,(*v6i? n iiDK'b 'nyn 1 K^ o 1 : nanca banm /icy nionaa D\jiB>ton nnnn onsry vn ;3i '3 /C"i rppKia) yn pi 135 nusjrio iv^ jD'aimn nnyo , ny d"t DP) D^Ktsm D'yi DHD MKI ,(' Dty) Don pn HN irn rat^ai nnvcm nnxn ,ijnoiK e'Ni irax Dmax yain I D 11 ? :b'n D-iDNa fHt^npn umin n^yo nK rrn n^npn .(n"a NOV) minn ba nx iras myau niryo ^nt^a vnvba 'ntr JIN n*apn Cl T'3) 'ni'an ya vy r*np ny. ^n"^^ ovn ni ^K ,n'a snan IDK TN .(n** rvetoa) 'innx voa ns mv IPK JVDP byo bs 3 /w^ nny iyi ryni s nx Kin .a yT 'i *a jy ba 'n ns yi' Kint^ nsra pi n\n x .(**"i ^im nx iDt^b vnnK v:a nx nw i. tn^ni^i nnt* N^ mp ,1331 n^o D'x^ajn ba jn DJI rmni ,('i nnai) T>jab onjjn ,('" onan) "oa^a n (DBO I^N niDNI 'Jl ^33 "&W 1 '3 ,(3' M iobn nn IN D'Nan D'^a noisn orp -a HTD nsn: n:s ,jman pn sin minn iiob /in:n iD-iyi -"ibn u^a nx nyi obiyb DKbn pja OID> K^I pn icy^ vby "IWN ,pvion noin .*ny mo' o^pjn n^biy ^oa* :D\nbn BN ua5D Nip^ nn m ,'y ^a rman:ni nnp^n wnx ,onp^n ^yni 'ns nnyi -Sinno niyjs jno 1 ? vn nmn nan: *? N'JQSK moKty nan (* nta mio ?IM ^^< ,('J panj?) Suairo 'n /HJTID niny ^"an nnana pDa nain minn n'rap in nny DJ itr B"naa 7* -"a .om own ,JH ita onna na hy CJK :(n'p jmnao) iasoi (** in sa nai 'iai D'n^try o nona o :ty-noa: aim nnnn SOBM ,na nnSin n"7i maya 20 ,s"b rEvrp) (t2"3 D'bnn) |jv icy*? tty "i : PiDBn by Vm rx D^IJ px OK '3 ('n nw ''eni /K^B -rp^i /3bn '"o pviruo nobb D'jiK>*on mny n T^S' xb -isiyi iSvn ^n ex ,OTTI .rvby xnn no minn ,x3 in^> nmpoi rmnn nx nmn^ ^^D p ,^K1lt" miTD ne> 1E'N /nS 1J1D'3 D3 HOI t6 nr nxi ,n^y nsr nx ^Ki^n K-N!) nwe .nivot TJU p oai mr pp3 nnjio minm invno lyvrjS cr-xi nini ,anvno3 D^taw o^nn IK'N n^x iro-n , UP V* D'taoon D^non D3-isn ;3n ,3n trnj n-3 minn K nonsn bsoi n^nn pso njiK> n^nn nosi '3 O'KVKVD ns-u nxr , ,(*vn nx nnxn 133 HXT 133 ,nbnn 3^3x3 noitrn /nyn^ xb : noxb ,53n ynvn mvb nuyb :ioMoa nrn p;nn jits 'nyn^i .(v nnxi isbo ,pyi nns nixn men onn minn nn 'sb >('T niaia) va by tranm nxisi onxv Dyn ^jy rNi prn invn TID^H >a osnn i33bo nn TN ,^n b pnai ,nweni non ,oyn nnbxn p^sn n^byt^ n^n^n psn ,DiNbn p:a n33 s vbysr ,D'nbxn uniK pn n^ o-nb^n (* n ' 11 y 3 n * 3 3 /min xbx ny pw "ny mo* D s pivi D^bbiy ^BD. : np nan Sy (n"i nn) V'tn 1 ? iyso 102 .maia r.noa osan^ onoSS (* .n'oai mina poj?n 18 no3 wen t6n n nn3 n'lyai .-iiafn nnn spaa WK *a ;>""> miD ^y nr $>3 Dyi naioi -imci >mw *raK Kin a-in a D^cys 3"yan ^K> on^ea no yio^ JTIK jm: Kim nnvn nnri ,inyn2 ^pn M^K ain DN D^oyB^ ,Drrn ^y n^iyn ^31 o^'pnni nx a'ya pnrp Kim niipn D'jpnon nn ,DPI .Dr6 b'n o j-n i'n sin mn /ntra pnna ana: njpn DI^ j3 pup nono ,noann nx nb^ ^nv a'3 in^^n nx D^pn noai .V|JK o-iijjn b^i to^ DI^ IOIKI DDK mai D-'DDTISDH D^IWH D^aiHD inN^ 1T ni>N^ rtWyO 1 Tjn 'an ann HK oa KI a 17 a njpnn nirn i"IT ^3 '3 1O1K YPTl KJ'BnDO ^1 HT3 ni?y3 b p'"T p'33 ^ Sv naioon ix rraron a ,to'Dn n nap' iyKBi3ne K^K nrya nny <3 ,yia yia xbn nt3i /no'npn nns* 31 jot 'na 3') ii3oS \oy\ iB>3 irs "inn "TV JD^DH KS3 ^ nx iB'ipn n^K>on ^xm 3"nj< n^pj jo'Dn 'KI ,t3"UJ spy by 3"3 Ttrp* '3 nvn ^DV /cs'wab me'a r 3 pnaoi "D 13 I'Nty 13131 "3D1D3 D"l3 1130!? "WOnr!} H3H 1H3 1 HTD a!?i .3*03 y"DD3 }"y) bn:n n'3^ I^QX pyoiiy p ""snm mm!? | ,^oin i>33 sin nr mm!? 3"D Kt>3 noKt? 131 ^3 T3Nin nyi ni3io no D33noi 'an sin 1 ? ynp -ID sin nyn n mtjn t>y 5KiBn ^KK" nnyi .1^3 sin^ bsn iyT nro 's /p*o IT PKI 5"i ^y Kin.B' lytrou ny 11 ! 12-3 E^K Kin noK3i nvi K nona nono ,D? Kin noann ni -i^y Kin nn v/ By K^n poe na^o 1313 pisno nn pn p^aa K3n nn 31 -3 ,ip"Tnb 1D3 , napn nityy avB> ai s a >y ^^m pi inr nioK3 /ie>y n{ryB> no I^DKI ,mapn noa upnp B^aiwaa icipoa 113^ !?3T i n 1 3 ' v n i> y KI.IB> 313 Kpin Kin nr /am !>y Tj^in nTE' iDKi DK 16 njpnn nis?yb vyn wx 52 nx pP w /min? r-o nie>yb nxn TN narrby inoin D'anpn'yn nits IN nitry 1 ? ha 1 U-N iovy3 Kin -a .D'bpw3B> bvun nos na onS r D^ruo IN D&mn onana nupn DIK> miryb bia 11 irx 1^ nbnpn by .pin 'aSi unm B^ a'xi iniN iTan b IK'N ,Tyn ba by s^'ao-i ,onyn* -n^ rupn IN "ION3 J3N ib'SNI .bnj IN JOP "13T Dl^ HIK'yS ^13'' U'N on N^n ,nijpn niB'yb nan or6 wnai D^JN Dsino ma >jn D3 IpDSl DMD3D1B VHB> 'DJH ?CD "ncr l'3D ^"ly N^ JD niB'yS lira 1*3^ DN3 ,D'3oin pos Nbn r'ay 31^3 mas nan "s^i .n^tas onW nnnn , K^OO mun 3*yi ,n3 ivn b nan 13 .IT nnra n bia^ ^Nn Nn^ni .innra Sap^ DDiaS ha" irNi ,D"aonn DNI .*JD IN yao^ba. bapb onyjroan pmawr innw ba ?iro nbnj n-'sa n,b PN nn ,nantD onS^ i^ani ,o ntsai SKiva an ",n IB>N nnN an ^3 nsna K^n HNT n^it nbnp ib tr'i 3-0 mix pp'tnoi praoi D33n3 nn Kin yr N? nc>N3 /n:pnn ^31 "iba nNn3 NX^ ^"jn 3nn ,noNi 3nn nwe' PSJ : ' f)n r'y 'tD33 Nn-'Nn IDS non nr nni iB'iJ'n xbi nn n^y3 '\n oni ,-nB>i ^'N^n n3 NJIH ann ms'sri ^3x ,pr IHN!? pin TINT .'131 insn PN noN^ Dane' ^ NVDJ N^ Npun niub bis- 1 an n^N nnun a"Ni .nboan: nnrjn ?N ,na n'-o noy jtrni nnN an nut? nya ^3N Ninn Drni? jy* ,^"3 nsnb imn noK* none onMt? nsn rT'ni nn baN /D'Qica rn run orni ,n*3 H'o^n ?y B>"3 n^oWi iann: .n^anj mrani .nnr: DIK' JNS pN nn '3jb pirm J^D DW n3 PN 'a HNnj NSU njpnns pnnj DN niyi sia^n DN na'i 313 nn^n nNT ,ninKan nnsb njpnn "3 .nnin 15 nabb oyn n fpab pnen p*o nb'aa IT nn /bnpn aia inxbi ,nm o^r ja i3in noyi ,b&oB" bs3 notPBp wni ,nw .na mun nnix PKP n&oi bine" bsa piai ins i*a lay nano IDT T'ao nina Kin ib'BKi /bsab a '3 men onb e ^MIB^ baa n'a naa ^r P| ,o"33 p^jn .p^Dai noana >y mw p-TM p pSia-- "Ban ^y ^BK (o*ir P w a) naiiciy^ pb -na^ n .nma mun ma^K .nwn mwn ^apfj DPBJ pyiain ^ PI D s "p^ ttaitp now T a yi ,n"^D iiiD^KB' ictr bn ,p nrnj sntrm ana mwn o^arij !> n^N3 a^syx ,^af> p^ia 11 p" Tai in^x now nr bjn .|? D-'xtjn orx ,D"pb pbw 1 ( 'Ba ''y^ t| fiJnB" TK aion D!?33 psia ^apjy irn ,'iai -nanm a"N "12^ piw p nyn ipapa TOI nra DX rpro Npeu a'a nxn .Q^yb moiy s-n TN PT ,ipspa X-? n> DK bax ,DB^ab D'N&ri DJ^KI ,bca K^DD t *tn nanoi) D"aoin yoro ja .ibeab pbia^ a'a .ipapa a'nx .(o*aa p'y ,p pKi3 xb njpnm ,anb ^ms ibap n^yn BUN ?a DK ^ /PK nmj Knrni Dyn pn .11333 noy xb nnx 3Ti ,min!> ro ni^yb noxa n >*3 ,D"3Kna nan mio^ nnx nbnp mis nbap a"nN pi ,3*w iina .Tyn ^3 by mntrnb ps 'Kma /'KpnytDK 3n33- 31 imoa pKts> inn 5na "n 1 aina' TIV wwpn an ioa inn bnj Npm ^Dabxn anst^ i 0^31 inomtr Tyn H px Kpnyon nya D'bapDni ,'tDiyoi ^iyoo pi ,Tyn bao bapn3 K? 3in ni3pn nwyb K?) n'n B'y nninbi n 1 ? PI /ni3pn nipyb irow mb3p DKS fbxii^ nxiap ?33 aruon ^ 14 DK i>3K nene Kin TK v TK ,Kpn mKB p'D nup$5 nyrman rnaio ripap .em oa TM /BKti'-nyK'Bian pbna p'D NTOJ K^> OKI ,-iBon -leona TK nr ?a mn DN /f)iy IK 1T3 iK'a KXD: DN NT x oiir cainK" nj^Dono pin B"B> Board of Health ru B> K'I bai /no^n^n n'ab DK '3 ,i D^pca nifiiyn n onw D"DV IK DV pi ,iDsya oine^ NDS? n?n DW }K3 njpn mryb 3Dio bn /tam^n .nun nnya nrn rupnn i^yj? IDS wn niirn UKB> 'D bax /nitrn KWB> nyK'tsias xpm n? iai .^JDD nisiy np s b nniioi 1^3 npma ira nup!? in^oB' rvi Kin nbn .ioxy nan nnio mn DJI ixon nm nu'3 Kin TK p'o ib B' 1 IK'KS *a /p'D IP B^B> ^o bvx npma Kin n^an byr ?niaiyn DK nyai ?"IDK yaoK^a K^a cjiyi ,nn^D ne>an m 1 1 b n a p D ^n mo iD'cb UK pmaiBi ,K3pian nja 131 naa rrSi .D"DV m 'yc'yB'D mbap inaa ^ DK iipni> I:K panx /D^n ny uxa i^Kai .^K3 nnw niB>yf> it nnoa t'an nnr nn ; ana onoo na!>na na cjyn ^psB nntJ^ nnK^ ,na 13 Ni pnpi ^-ISID -noyi onciD Nips pi rron inr ,nwo ,nyns .(rb D^-nj ,jn TOO ntnsb nsbn pnp Nbi J-QTOI ,p3 133 ^nsns ir nr nr nni ,nawnn pyo mbx^ ns pa pyoni .1^3 pjyn HK at? wya 3 ^3 ny^ ns ,^'ninn iwnD ^v 'sb n'ni ,'jyjn H133 '3 pni ^K ,n pi ,vb3T by "]Q*Q H nvnb nw K^'nyroua D'n3iD mriynt?3 "|K pr inNb IN n by p'on nnpi n'3rDn NU S nivuno nts-non innb DJI 12 non DT3i /aiaybi nivc} nxr nniv anaatr mmn -a nx ,v nvbnairK D13'3 irtftr S3-* ncisn nebnn nivcnns o-aSn /nbm b THK n*x nny '3 ,PI'TB nrr Knb'rsD p-y ca ,niD3') .(ICK: ir.N "VI313 n-^y nai HCSM mix j^iipi JVD ttnn^J *pBa niyne-n jn nw wrr D-jpnon DJ (a nt^D rmnai .Tobnn nSap ^ca in IE'K /ijniin jno JDT^ oniaan an DN % a ,?KiB"b minn run: ntn jn3^ nan N"? . nrn K-nn> prtt^n DV INIP non DJ (n minai ,narn DV nxiK'Tp irxo mrp 'pn pi o-ncn mnpa lanim p (n iiv ntrxa ,D^non bir marnn DV n wnpn pi d n DJ ^a n^ainb n t n^o mm T^y oni' Dimn ,|om nnxc' pr bs : DIDNS /THNI nn ^sb cn npD5 p-yi ,Ct3 /x B p'3 B p"3 'cb^n 1 p'y) jcm nnxiy JDD ,n*3pnb WIP ib K? -3 : s'ysir mini CT nmo) jun ,Dim /IT.HD nnn ibn linn ,('D pea) ns bysir o-an baif3 N^K ,bnii" ay nna p'apn cv nx ^ ,onj?iDn ^3 rx iSna eyes a cxi ( :i*c x'"n tpiei ('inx ' 11 rfo unaitab nsibm miDJ runoa ub nana? KVIH mp'n DK 'a ran!)) ny-i? a?a noan Kan 'no ? uovpbi ia'nj rrma'Mi ,nbe> own a-n ,minn iapnp uoy f p n vn wru D'anpc nyt? baa* DV mrr Mia* bnr OB'a I^N ba "a b^ya nna b6 Dm f iw?na awan ba nx D^PDI nurua pnnen PI t6i , nn IDKCP onnai ^be' D^NpHKin D'jpnon DJ ^ n bba iyT bi im ixip 1 sb 'a ^ /u ainan ba nx ^a ,non D^niobn omm IK ,oxcn nnb nn DJ la awan 'nbaoi ,iiobnn mwi *B ?y paa wnan* ,Dnyn ^n^ao SJK non DJ D'pnnb Dnnrr ?ain ? i^npn n^obna IB>K nwnpn nmoon on? noi^ I!W>B D^a my msnpn!? DJisnaB' pi ba ,wnB> ba JK : nbsn ninixa nann minn IPS pm^n nx Tnnb irr b D^pnon D'jann ba (K no* n^itb p onynb D> DK /ij^y mo niobnaB' na na^nan nbya nor nfnb iTnm .ono DHHK iboa D:DK nvbnn nx (a nion na>K n n^nn K^> ba ,nvbn 5a <^nb n^a ba DinoDaon Sy (DiBooS 1868) j'snn nat^a :myn (* '^nn IB'K Dnann non D'aan :not^ pmm iyoinano nDanmm : nina ir\vb SKIB" DJ? pSnn: nx^m anao p ncipno '3 i rmy niina Von o:ain TM lay nt Sy ?jnunaoai injio3 nan maiiri nan D'aai nan nnj? njrn .a^ipo nnan vn x?i nananno ,ma nnyn o naw 1 ? i3^> nVorn aaa 1 ? rntya pea nS oaox lanax ?"?*an noa noK? ij?aj o im nn'myii Dn'mcprn 'B 1 ? a ,itr nyuw yatrn"? 1^3 ojrn nyn DJ? nnawno nneptrni nnj?n DK ,Kn i:nS San ii nt'8 wtp jvatr rnoiKn n nynS onaano ts"n rvnnH mSoa IM namnnn by n naron Sa) ?mnvo nnab nia msna owonpn Jinaao mbnp niana) main n MX wS rnanaa D'aan lyatitr yatsao natron Sa ,(a'p p'a) f .'n J'BJI) ntaa n"?im HIST JIBM oaan iyat:tpyaaea natron Sa ,'a (vnn^n ]>y) ixannS imtrpa iKa SyDDsS naxams nayo nn m o oanm /omBna 'cannnina onia^n DHin an ^>NiB>n ayn naan " 10 mm// nnn ,Di^ni nnnnn mm /minn ns bapb ab Diy K wy "inn nan ,irby nnn i'n be* &6 n ynv nn:: IK TNI /my njN^Dj K^I UDD ram fiiyn mmm , .nnnK n^uno n*y im n^o ub aj ja ,nrn enipn annb ixnp n^s os?n Kin wnan nn i>y nyni nmy minn ^a /nny DJ U3 n^ nra nvm ^amin jno iB3 inn my ,nui>ap my onto m /aoio minn n i^apn DK ; moiNi nna bip-nan ;namiap xnn nr njn ,^b DNI /baipoi jpino n^t? oyS ba 'a (* oamiap n^nn niann mown pa n v DK '3 ,J^D in nnn D'BBrom D'pnn n^K : na IONJ -\VK minn nx ibapn K^ p? i^ianni mynn TK Ci'a Nip^i) bxnB" pai wa 'T tnj ir nmnm ,'nexn inna n^pi noxy 'jsa ny nvno ii>nnni o^oyn pa J DB> liy 13P oy ,nan^ bstr ,n3i *M ^K DK m DN 3 ,Ki^ mm ummi ,^KIB" DJ> ub mp b vn r .B>N btf jnjo :b'r nyn Kan ^no !>aK /minn n^^n^ DV nx wba n^iaon n bap: 'no ?minn nbap DV n DJ vn nK ba .yn *IK D'pnnb bain Kb nybaoi ,nnnKn ubap b my tot baai ny baa ,njB> baa ub njnun ,nKtn minn pa Kb rpcya IN nna K^on DIB my ,n k sbm 1:00 njmy /nniK pa Kbi enpn nmay naiy pa Kb onBion pa ""no ?nisSsnpp n^n^ -"no ?unK:n^ ijnaio ub jnjK> tfv nysri nyt^ baai ,DVI ov baa ^a nyn ua^a noan mmaa nnn pyn napnf) uvp ns vn yoK am baa irn^Ssioi cy s ja n bx nwrn pixa D^ajnji anbijn a'Dann-nn ":a tr!ip*inn ,D s Jpnon ^a DJI . . D-wun on^njoai myi ,nioiyn by ia nano naa pianty ,'naun onoy by noy 1 nb annb noK .nbn pi nbxa ennn inn ^ai ,nonp IK^ IQ'DV /enn pjaa ,e>nno nba nnuab IK /nbawn min nao nx jpnbi ninani nubson vn njainn nai . . . rnn DK'a DJ ^bixi naa nc'K pin f|t3 ( xia* 1 nK ny ,nnNO nnx nmenni n^bc'n D S ,jrban o^b 1'n oba nx SIIBB^I bNiB" ^B^K niaan * i^pa b^n^ i^pn'i nnsn^ xb^ JDI 5a 'a pr ba ttnvnxa^ nipn ba vn ib p /no'pi n s n nnx oai /nb nnyi^ ps TK D^OP onnab ni-iisi nvviBD . ^bab Dab bs nr KJ ID-B' 5)13^ iaa MOD niaan Kin o^oya oneK// fD'trn p^ny ^KIK" pyo prn nn n apy^ n-nKt? /naban nnsen /bxitr' 1 njno ,nniin n^ayni nmiv nK nn:^ tsyoa K^n Da D'lan pa bnan Kb mm ,nvKi by DD>3no my "bKi^i na> Kin nj^o ppi ,oyn btJ'inb pbns? ^JDD ?no 8 K"-I) inaica jrvoi sen: MH ,Ti3n nan^a patnb nnN pen Dibs? epm Dibs? aniK sintr D (B'D DB>) IOK obia bin .(K*B n v m nin obiyn "n ie>niB rvapn mbe> a^oi D^be> on pen .("-nxa D^anx DyNibtfn nnmn bai /t<3" loan* nn pn n^K minn N\T nsr njn ny ,pe6i noix n^b nun min nao ^''on-'baa ID % ^I o^oyn inpb nnoi / pioy'i na pnn'i ,a'a no^p* ,^K"i^n nniK bap 1 ^N DN nxrn mnan ba ^yya a-am ains n^nM ,mym onn ornry B'bnn TK na .^xy '^ya DJ noi nan pioa by : b'rn I-ION bNtB' 11 mm? mr K^ne' r'y by cm K'n ja 'a rC^'yi KBO 'D neo) *MI D^IBN D'avy ^an ,D^B> ^b ,rvnnN by now mb^'m ,nnnxn rnin N^nr wmw nio DDK ^KiB^tr JDTS :nSK ^"mnoKD i"y mSe-n na ^nj nosi (* .(n"'B o'Bcitr KOinan) ;na nyaw n ma ]'K t* /o3SJ Noiwn) nnx mu ohs 5n ny I .(^nipina KIBD) 0^3 ,(jspiy qio") oiSc-n K'JK ^Knw^ nsna pnna ^a n'apn KSD K* ni3Q ,J*3 H21D ,KDp I^IH .n*D ,K'n nmn eip^' ,2*12 PDB Ntra IED ixnpn ,ieDKn tainan laK^ nr ('a naa) a;5j? CJIDKN CIIDK ;a'e oaS lain 3 K'JK ,jnn m na' jrm :a'Kir IB ty qn (tD"a tDibv nnia'na Sri cyw a*n noin i^Kja oni* 1'yoia IK 'iai cnsaa ixs'ir nj?wa "rMiB" 1 ? mm jn^ n'opn wpa .(' Sa nn 'iai nn TIWN'? nVia ntwn 'aoS iKa3i 'iai nanaa joirn naiaa .("i*pn tan nrv naanaa nm iiB'n onaa Saw top'i ,B*VI nxi ,a'oj;n $3 'ry^mrai moan son ^a^tne" iNBrv mmn rj nsana mmn nsra^is DXI ?ntJN 133 nT3 oxn ,inyi n K"N 0^301 nT3 m D*inno TU nxi laniin i>^ oyijn a*n n ^a ^^ '33 'JD^> ntro DK' I^N minn nxr N^ nt p nenD jptn ^n MX^JI r HBnTD TJTKI (^nstr) "i^ayn N$>7p3nb ^D fj^yn. :IDNI D3 'n n3n i>y nanon *i3i nsnxi :amam^BDa^ f na piojn D'or DE* Nn'E' . n 3 n N i nemi ,injr6 K^N DINH minn i>y mp^3 ni3nK3i /VEJ NDV DB^N t^y) ,nvan oy nm3 ipoy n^ : (n"3B) K'tmi 'n mm no^ *D ne>K a'a novnnoa pann nox *n npan^ nantt^ :o'aman $>y pi nmo) aon? aaioi pan /0"bp nsr) 'iai Dim nns CIK Dim sin pn TJ'y3 n'iT nann nwon D 133 nm /SxiB^o H3nnS mm mmy IDIN pytsir ) (* inon aiSe < .nno tjiSo WK IDIK 'ai'iss B"K K'JK ? IJ?IT BO .ntn \\vha nbp niwa DJI (apy tsipS') nna nan iso> M 1 ?! -Kotso n mo miog nana 3 /o'omS Tnno Ss PH ^en^nKi (** iK"B KBIT Ni) ann bs nt naso nn TIOKI ,in ^3 Sy f)K it3nn^ ; mn ^S 3 1OK7 ^sm H 1 ? qiD3 m in iy >3 ,taj?o pi T^'ya rvn' nain maon DM 'Sao ib a'D'nSi nas^maa notf ny ^ Sa ip< mn mas ,'ino inn iS ma^tan KWW in Tian nanKa pannS nnx pen DK |3h ,]3 nitry^ anno ^3^ nS noa iJianni jnni Kn ott '3 inSisup no nvynv na 1 ? w^ ,inaioa 6 /niomnai DiXE> DJI ona n::rxi onoynjrx 'a r^ncin uy D$n nypia noa nyi .man K$> orrry bax nyop nx wot? D;txa ^x 'a D'p'mon pa own ?*n pM minn n ix*j:n HDB' &n ?o^pnon pa DKH ? nw?' N 03 D'oyQi /na omini non na'K D'yyiDDni ^Kitr mm K^ >aN ,D'oyn ^>a ni^in minn nxr 'a ,nio^nn mm K^I anaatr nvo nrnni6 i*?n no pa n::^ niaa^n nx yjam mryn n K"i>nn icn !ai> npn o^inj fune : iDiKi ivyi noa njia nnx b ,D^pnom pian nx pi anrn i>jy nxi ,neniD^ nro nvo^ai> i>ax ovny* mix^ iK'np' 1 mw py nxic$> pn:n .ai> iD'B" x^ b /injj mow ^n "IK'X mmae> nio^ na^ nnx px nnvo3B3i ncxya^ ,nnr ppa nana nempn minn no 'a ,ni i?x DB> r-x pxi / D o y n pai wa f>i , h x n r * pai wa ' nx pyop* n^x ,D'oyn ^ryf> Danrai oanean x\n v, :n'y u "lai nrn i>njn ian paai nan oy pn D3'JD$> tnmajx nsrx nxrn niinn^aa D'pnY D^DBBTSI o-pin ii> /nrrm ni>r3 ,na33 ^>y mnron rvDio'jn mn oxn ,C'T Q^an) ovn rixra m .nnynxnoa px D'oyn JO^D nxxi>n ?nxnn-nnn x-n .-iB>a a n*nm >uon X3 rx .minn njn: ont: ,oen pxn ix nytj> '*n D^a^aon nscn ,ni)a minn ion nxr ^a ix noi D'yttoan nn ncM o /n:Kso: S nnia minn nn wcnj am ( .nn rnnito nnao rmiy topn nai /"u^y n^ini MB2 iniy nnni /minn ^poi |pino oyi> vnn TK "2010 n-nnn nx tapD DN : nny DJ U^N ttSi *D2mi2p Tin D^ain a^oyn pa DK>* i&6 DKI * ^> K n v ' m // DK S 3 , i> K -i B> - 1 D y D3> my OOP iTnn K?I ,^n ns D^DDI D'aiitrn K>N a> rQ'D ^2 o^pnn^ nvnb ^a 11 ij:^ anne' 0^2 '2 ,D"^n pa ncipn no *3BD. (-J r*y) .mm ^2 npnn^ r\vrb 5KnB>* r>i3^ P'tf p /-i^ "i ^KJT "?n-62p N!? nom -nmi n i( S22 taiB^ min DJ pnt)3p< mo no 'JBIDI ,DI^ n-'nn-'nj bi oyij ^a-n n>a-n N D"KDi ,^Nne^n oyn B>KI> ^>y ^iSni ^sa miy inn ^a CJK ?nny ocr rn ii n^n 1 K^I D^DVH pa ^nrv ,i2p ) KEHTB ITJO ^n nyi ^^> n?2 minn x^n ns '.o ^jtrn pTrr inxn 21?^ "itj>K nx /m ny nr D^noi D^VJ ,non .(^o^B'rrmyru b x!?n minni .inyn *?)& nnxn poyn TIN "a EHB^ ^"T <*en i:ni min2 D"pDiy pry nD2 4 nnn ^B piy no2 p QN m-inni ,nyn myi ,ijnsiD -ja pry rn ,Dn^D^2 DJ n^x >L ?2 wannni IK-I II V N ^rm TI^N *a , on pry hxww /rninn n^n3 """inK HJB* D^B^N ^ra mmm ,^>a n-nna D'poiy DJ-N nx yj2' ^N ai>m niryn mn nv2 nr > 2 riNji nNJB> ^ttsi ni22f>n nx inton DK o ,na nan' naS 'BIB wm Sy irsS K"? '3 pa ^oo 'wi ( .(a*a n'3j?n) umn'o IK unvon IK ( $>na Sianai ,a a n a o orn ,a n * m r6o tna' pi na nan /B>K ^ m an^ jn^ i^n B"i&o : IPITB -inn' *pK mi ? anao vniarjn nx panSi mn 10 won nnoo n i y 1 2 v n j n w^ pnpn inn ^B> IDB> i> ^ /nnnxn D^nn^aoinan njitj> Jnn minn nena n^K3 Bni ana ns5nBB> ioa IK .DnxooDnKxa 'a ,^a minn n nena N^ nrn ana i>3K '^KiB' 1 ^3 ns .minn nana mtf ^3^3 ,nrn ann DJ? nvnf ^a nw s^ "unnin jno JCT,/ a nT nun n-pmrn minn aappi np^ IO^D janv '> IDX : ^*rn nan afc *a p DKI ('a r*y) /m^api ^K-I^ ^VN Nag' iy nui^ni niown ^3 hy nnx "n n a n a* ^y K>I "minn ni>ap,, by Kin ann im !?y an ami? ^a pn^ N^ pi /nioiKn ^>3^> minn nx bKi^ i^3p &6 ^a moK oovya ^'mi (.ma na) (D nnoK) ,'iai oninvi i^api iop in an^y naa : loxion ovy ^y Kin inv ny Kfjann^ B^B> noi fBamiap .Tnn BB> IK^ BKI 3oi minn nx i^3pn DN /iai nap^ minn n if'ap 1 S DNS? ,mn noKon i>ya jva BKI (n*D ? DB> inoi ,aamiap nMn n & IK^ BKI : IOK^ i^ .Tn nnn nnn oy 13^ nisiao nnain an nrn iDNDn nan /jrn K nx piann^ , nna ^i nun ^'m *bn ?m^nn riKiaSap noxa on ,3 juana ( minn ruvu 'in nat? n'DS3 nnnan n nan noni /nioixa |ny pern 'y pn o .nSapnai niow naN minn o ,nnsa nny OH 13 mn K^ na'ja mina PT poiyn Sy DJII /(V't "Bn nans) nan a^n raa t" t'y) ,mSM i 1 ? PK ios nan Kin s V'm now n^nj^ nan n"ojai nnina pt mm nana no 'o ,VKO am n^oro an : Knoaa janes .(rb onan) io^ m PK unro nKje> p pry? ^ on{ prb Mn pita ,ID$> m e> wnyo ,tayeB" n an 'an an mm nan: K$> xtaW ,B>K i^ ^ onvn nom sa^K /I^K ^ nn p pyoB' 'n noxn wn ,frp3 nwy^ n^w nna i>3 (.n'a nva) ,131 mows ^N-IE^ "121 jn pry nvbv ; na ^poyn^ mm or6 njnii onye'ia *T?y jw* : ntr w irn onyj? ,ii>K ^ DJHJD /ii>K ^ "Drrrn// nai nyjao'i ona ntrno irm mm nanj no ^DD (* : 'aenn no*N ntn nioKDn , w en a*y oy nr ^ne6 few ninn K^n ,nK5s3 nfK^ HNT rn /in rnw o C** ? n^oatyDi D^pin ,mm N^a D^pnn^ nvr6 : wan ->a Knx "i : nnnaai ,mm oni> njna K!> nny *a \rray IDDI mm 'worn nt?on ^K Dni jru N^> ^ntf" won nro yoKTs (ao onna) oya an noan ana a nte> : na^a yenn a ,nvD nnm nama^ K^ D'amsm cwaan na^na^ pn ona iaan) "jnyena pry \nv, : ipwsa T ^*n p^n^ nr no paa Dai i>y "Dnyrna. ntan n nmnb /mao no wr o^n ijnx oa!> nyjao) ona nB'no nnmnr iBnve nx oai ,i D a n a D ,I!K ^ D n n n ; en'D) nn nte *i'mn moKDD !]Qn.n inn ,e> ^ oni jn pry D^anaon ^n /jn pryt?' ii>K f>e> nny ia B^^ DnK ba : i^n non : ? n-'aynai /f>yDE> 'n an $>e ns yaa nnma poyn pn nan ,wnB 'si> p OKI ,y^n munp^ nnio 'pi> nnmn ^ novp Kf>i ,ai>n 04 omoSna t o*vn Saa nnta n^K mnaa nn mn (* n^n rwn nntn nVn Sy nK^en nSna DX c^im (** mm onS runa nS ,pTj? vn S nSoSit a yowoi ,jn pryt? UBD IDKOHD ni? imp 3W *?& '*n IP V 24 13 D3H D3H5? 21 16 uyaiv V3t3^ 23 17 "C'K VM 7 18 n:i na naT ,niyi3t?n jr6 nsm urnin jno JOT .1 .nnnxm HTD inxb nabna nawn onann mbm marr .2 nni nr T s a iaa omyjn ya :wn nenn naK .3 nanon nxi^ 131 /rana^ nip 1 nja jax nn^nb nu'^n rua p .4 nya nmiyn n(>np ^3 >a ^D^yon^i D^iynf) ^vun arnn nx n^ai nny:i onyj^ mm iiobn n^a p DJ no 11 !? i*ana no^n nsnp /n^an nennpa nanon nan^ ia n'an nawn .5 nax!) ^y pasa mawn hu ^y nan 1 ia y^yp-po 'tjnan by nson .6 nor imf>y ova-Button "ixn^yno ajyTtyiEnb anac .7 e6 py Hiii njHDn DI^ avn Hia by nan 11 DJ? .riiK'^jn TNI nov^ yin pB'b yiro a* .yin .V^rp-po DN'^II nifn JIBW poinan niJN .8 nnonoio nan ,noam yio no naox ,9 pn mnp /nem IC?N niunn o^om nixo nx ^nj"vi nso ip 11 icxya IDNDH ^a maya ''Text 1 ' inn ^o^rmi s baa o^tnioi pyonb an nbym x^a^ nenin *nEnpn 'ja by innba>b 'n 'Jiry n^K "a^n ntryo// naoa jnaaa nain pa nvnb 'j&rans? no ,niby:nnn ba ns Kiipn oab 'nn: ,pn .n^nan pa nioy '3 'aax VDI -any i nx -nyr^" Dan ,ian a^aiKan D'aanno miynn amio n oa 'noann b'jn nao nnsa *3 -INTI on^yy nxnio!) n^n IJTS nao by Dnoaon ns wna IK-K .n nana ain bsyni nsinn b*n nx nynb nnaij ntrsa nny IK "i^pb THD:! jab /pim mnni anp noann I^K nay onpnyn ay ,jorn nnb nwm ni^ni nr pi 'nmoi /^nsnb pi nnpb nmnaa 'ns -IB>N 'toy na nn'oi /n^33N D s JDTa nwyj ni^nn mD* arrby I ^ja IST DHD 'a .njnon nat^b D^npnyni ,3"Nn mo ^a by HD nbyjn nixn nx ,b'm nma pavn ain aitan nx ira^i /Bnnn inn D^ nx nixbioiDn main 'o^raen /njinpn irnm noa wan niatra bsiir 11 n'JN nav ia IWK trnpni bnan D^n nr ,bnan D s t3pbo aniyjn >ja^ nnni ia ub rye' -iiobnn nr ,naj^j iai nny nx 1 ,onnan by ia:yn K ^icbnae' nbyan niKon ns* nyib 'n^ by "try 1 nobno nnoKn ^ntspbi ,natj> nr n\ni K>nnn inn ^ab u^iKa ,niJ3in ninaoaK' nyni nosn noKDi inn emo ^obwiT ,^baa by nnnro mtynn -6 w bon D'itDKn ba by ^a SJK^ IK ,nnDB>3B> nn^asb o^an b^ on^niab aipb ,nnni ,iba ni^nnn nny D'ainb baix xb nanon oiann nsvin l i atr '.-p .-'xniai nxvb mixi icuion by^nas ntai /toyioa .Dbiy nyi nny a xaiB> D^n moDni epbon n^yo nao 1DD ntj>yD IQD 31 122 , -piv ** wnp nnnN mem npnyn DJ> D^I A"tn noo naini nyn ^ *_ ... _ .- .: _ ^_ ,..-.-.: _ .,_ . 1BD isy n < ^^^? niinn ncit: "i^ npnyn , ntryo nsD D"DI at V 3 n"D-in 122 ,}ND^X-IX "in HERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY Ml' 11 " " A 000058820 2