FIELD MANUAL
FOR
PLANE SURVEYING
AND
RAILWAY CURVES
BY
YEOMAN and TUCKER
VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
FIELD MANUAL
FOR
PLANE SURVEYING
AND
RAILROAD CURVES
By
R. C. YEOMAN, C. E.
Dean of Engineering
Professor of Civil Engineering
Valparaiso University
Associate Member W. S. E.
Member American Society Testing Materials
City Engineer, Valparaiso, Ind.
and
E. A. TUCKER
Instructor in Surveying
Assistant in Civil Eqgineering
Valparaiso Uriiver-isitj \
M. E. BOGARTE BOOK COMPANY
Publishers
Valparaiso, Indiana
1914
COPYRIGHTED BY
R.C. YEOMAN
1914
PREFACE
This book is intended to be used supplementary
to Class Room lectures, Assigned Reading in a
Standard Text and Field Instructions.
It contains sample field notes to fundamental
problems or exercises, so arranged as to give correct
form of notes, and concise information for the solu-
tion of the problems. Blank pages immediately fol-
low each problem for the record of the solution of a
similar problem by the student.
This manual is a product of the teaching staff of
the Department of Engineering.
R. C. YEOMAN.
E. A. TUCKER.
390927
INTRODUCTION
The theory of Plane Surveying is surprisingly
simple to the well prepared, but the successful appli-
cation of this knowledge comes only from long and
continued experience and the development of good
judgment. In a college course it is impracticable to
spend this necessary time, therefore, the aim is to
familiarize the student with the use, care, and adjust-
ment of instruments, the solution of the problems
involving their use, and the methods of recording the
acquired data in a clear and concise manner.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
It is an observed fact that students are usually
very careless in the care of instruments and ap-
paratus. An instrument should be treated kindly,
for their parts are of soft metal, and it is very easy
to strain the instrument by forcing the adjusting
screws. The heads of the thumb screws on the in-
struments give a leverage out of proportion to the
strength of the screw thread, thus they are quite
easy to strip. All movable parts are made to a snug
fit, and should work easily.
If the adjustments are either tight or loose, the
instrument needs attention, and the instructor in
charge should be notified. Further cautions are
given in the texts and class-room.
At Valparaiso University the instruments are
kept in numbered lockers. A list of the contents of
each locker is found on a card on the inside of the
4
door. To obtain the use of any apparatus the appli-
cant must sign a requisition slip for the key to the
locker. The applicant then becomes responsible for
all apparatus in the locker until the key is returned
and locker checked. After use, every piece of ap-
paratus must be returned in good condition to it's
place. A penalty is attached to any neglect in this
particular.
As related in the preface, the instruction in this
book is given in form of actual field notes. It is not
intended that the student should follow them literally.
They are given only as a guide to good practice. In
the higher branches of surveying the forms are not
given, they must be made up by the student. He
will by that time be familiar with correct forms, and
can easily plan his notes to suit the particular prob-
lem in hand.
Field notes should be made in their final form in
the field. The practice of putting them on small bits
of paper and transferring them in the office or room
leads to many errors and lost data.
The student whose note book shows lack of skill
in the beginning need not be discouraged as this is
only natural. It is the improvement which counts,
and the notes should show it.
Accuracy should be the chief aim of all survey-
ors. When the results do not come within the per-
missible error, many beginners are tempted to fudge
their notes. Fudging is an indication of laziness and
dishonesty, and is easily detected. It is better to re-
peat the survey several times and fail, than to
sacrifice honesty, the greatest virtue of the Engi-
neer.
CONTENTS
Group I
PACING PROBLEMS
PROB.
A 1. Determination of Length of Pace 1
A 2. Staking out a Field 2
A 3. Survey of Field by Pacing 3
A 4. Prolonging a Line with Flag Poles 4
Group II
CHAINING PROBLEMS
B 1. Measuring a Distance with Steel Tape 5
B 2. Measuring on a Slope with Tape 6A&B
B 3. Measuring Angles with Tape 7
B 4. Survey for Area of Field with Steel Tape 8
B 5. Prolongation of a Line Through an Obstacle with
Tape 9
B 6. Measurement of an Obstructed Distance with Tape. . .10
Group III
LEVELING PROBLEMS
1. Differential Leveling with Hand Level 11
C 2. Differential Leveling with Engineers' Level 12
C 3. Survey for a Drain or Sewer 13
C 4. Profile Notes for Drain or Sewer 14
C 5. Cross Section Leveling for Slope Stakes 15
C 6. To Stake Out a Borrow Pit 16
C 7. Survey and Levels for Grading a Street 17
C 8. Adjustment of Wye Level 19
C 9. Adjustment of Dumpy Level 20
Group IV
COMPASS AND SEXTANT
D 1. Angles of a Triangle with a Compass .21
D 2. Angles of a Triangle with a Sextant 22
Group V
TRANSIT PROBLEMS
E 1. Angles of a Triangle with Transit 23
E 2. Prolongation of a Line with Transit 24
E 3. Balancing in a Transit 25
E 4. Center of a Triangle with Transit 26
E 5. Triangulation with a Transit 27
E 6. Passing an Obstacle with Transit 28
E 7. Closed Traverse with Transit 29
E 8. Height of Tower with Transit 30
E 9. To Stake Out a Building 31
E 10. Angles of Triangle by Repetition 32
E 11. Traverse of Field with Transit and Stadia 33
E 12. Survey of a City Lot 34
E 13. Contours of Field 35
E 14. Adjustment of a Transit 36
Group VI
ASTRONOMICAL SURVEYING
F 1. Determination of a Meridian by Solar Attachment. . .37
F 2. Determination of a Meridian by Direct Observations. 38
F 3. Determination of a Meridian by Observation on
Polaris 39
F 4. Determination of Latitude with Solar Attachment 40
Group VII
RAILROAD CURVES
G 1. To Locate a Simple Curve with Chain 41
G 2. To Locate a Simple Curve with Transit 'and Chain. . .42
G 3. To Locate a Simple Curve when the P. C. is Inac-
cessible 43
G 4. To Locate a Simple Curve when the P. T. is Inac-
cessible 44
G 5. To Locate a Compound Curve 45
G 6. To Locate a Transition Curve with Chain 46
G 7. To Locate a Transition Curve with Transit and Chain. 47
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DIRECT SOLAR OBSERVATION
38.
CJ&at* anc C^oaL
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PT
4
CURVE-BY- DEFLECTION- Ariats.
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE
STAMPED BELOW
OF 25 CENTS
WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH
DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY
OVERDUE.
MAR 31 1937
IV 6 1840 A?
[fu
SEK'r
U. C. BERKELEY
LD 21-100m-8,'34
YB I 1 059
-/ 290827
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY