'30 
 
 aailliant (Borinn moss 
 

 4H e ey 
 
vx . t,. . 
 
 Medicina Flavellata : 
 
 OR, THE 
 
 DOCTOR 
 
 S C A R I F Y ' D. 
 
 jEgrefcitque medendo. Virg. 
 
 Si tibi deficiant Medici^ Medici, tibi fiant : 
 tria % Mens Uta, requies^ moderate diet a. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for J. B A T E M A N, at the Hat and Star , 
 and J. NICKS, at the Dolphin and 
 both m St, Pauf* Cbmb-ywd. 1721. 
 
Medicina FlageUata : 
 
 OR, THE 
 
 Do&or Scarify d 
 
 Laying open the V i c E s of the Faculty, 
 the Infignificancy of a great Part of their 
 Materiel Medica ; with certain R u L H s to 
 difcern the true Phyfician from the Em- 
 perick, and the Ufeful Medicine from the 
 Noxious and Trading Phyfick* 
 
 WITH 
 
 AnESSAY on HEALTH, 
 
 Or the 
 POWER of a REGIMEN. 
 
 To which is added, 
 
 A Difcovery of fome Remarkable Errors 
 in the late Writings on the P L A G U E, 
 by Dr. Mead, Quincey, Bradley, &c. With 
 fome ufeful and neceflary RULES to be 
 obferved in the Time of that Contagious 
 Diftemper. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for J. B A T E M A N, and J. N i c K s 
 
 M. DCC. XXI. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 \T being ufual for 
 
 Authors, in Prefaces, 
 to render an Account 
 
 of the Occafion which 
 gave Birth to their 
 Writings, and to acquaint the 
 Reader with the Deftgn and Scope 
 of their Difourfes 5 1 thought it 
 convenient to continue a Cuftw 
 approved by many iUuJlrious *- 
 amples. 
 
 ^ The 
 
vj PREFACE 
 
 The Motive of publifhing this 
 Traff, is not the Interceffion of 
 Friends*) for none had ever the 
 View of any Part of it 5 and 
 that it is not Veftgn of Applaufe 
 that has engaged me in this Vn- 
 ttertakiflg, the Care 1 have had to 
 conceal my Name mil, I fuppofe, 
 free me from fuch Sufpicion : the 
 chief Inducement proceeds from 
 an Inclination to Mankind^ to in- 
 fimft them to preferve and prolong 
 their Lives, thereby to prevent 
 them from ufing fraudulent Quacl^ 
 Medicines (which are now become 
 fo universally vendible among/I 
 them) or advifing with fuch as are 
 wholly ignorant 5 and I fkould 
 think^ my [elf Efficiently rewarded 
 for my Pains, if I could arrive to 
 
 the 
 
PREFACE, vij 
 
 the Point of reforming the Abufes 
 of the prefent, and reftoring the 
 Simplicity of the ancient PraRice, 
 by laying open to the World my 
 Obfervations of the pretended and 
 fallacious Methodus Medendij 
 and the Infignificancy of a great 
 Part of their Materia Medica. 
 
 And here 1 mil particularly ad- 
 drefs my felf to all thofe Perfons 
 concern 9 / with me, who are the 
 People or Patients 5 and the Phy- 
 ficians with their Followers, the 
 Chirurgeons and Apothecaries : This 
 Difcourfe is chiefly intended for 
 the firft, it being they who are 
 moft highly injured by the unwar- 
 rantable Practices of thofe we ha've 
 therein accufed '5 for although many 
 and ing Perfons among the 
 * A . People 
 
viij PREFACE. 
 People are Sufficiently Jatisfed of 
 the Abuses we have mentioned $ 
 and that it is of absolute Necefli- 
 ty fome Reformation fhould be 
 made : Tet all are not thus per* 
 {waded; for we may daily obferve, 
 that many who are lefs difcerning^ 
 being deceived by an imaginary 
 Good, covet their own Ruin ; and 
 unlefs they be given to under/land 
 which is the Evil, and which is 
 the Good y by Perfons they have 
 Reafon to confide in, they muft ne~ 
 
 cejfarily run much Hazard. 
 
 % 
 
 I have here endeavoured to un- 
 dfcefoe them ; whi ch 1 fyould dtf- 
 pair of, did I only forefee Incon* 
 veniencies afar off (the Vulgar be- 
 ing led by Senfe y and not by pro- 
 bable Conjectures) j but fince they 
 
 do 
 
PREFACE. ix 
 
 do now actually labour under many, 
 and thofe obvious, Inconveniencies, 
 how fhort [over their fight be, the 
 Senfes of Feeling being no lefs a- 
 cute in them than in others, 1 per- 
 fuade my felf, they will readily af- 
 fent to thofe Truths I have largely 
 difcovered. 
 
 And here muft 1 venture through 
 all the Barricadoes and the Forti* 
 fications of popular Refentment 
 but Satires, like Incifion, become 
 necejfary when the Humour r'ankles^ 
 and the Wound threatens Mortifi* 
 cat ion 3 when Advice ceafesto wor^. 
 when Loft, Experience, and Uif- 
 ajler will not convince, then Sa- 
 tire reforms, by making the Error 
 we embrace ridiculous : Shame 
 to make us forfake a Thing, 
 * A 2 which 
 
x PREFACE. 
 
 which Inftruftion augments, or Per- 
 fuafion could have no Effeft upon. 
 
 Many and great Abufes, and of 
 the lafl Importance to the People, 
 have urged my Duty and demanded 
 my Ajjiftance j and if in my Efay 
 en Health, 1 do ferfuade my Read- 
 er to the Regimen J have here 
 laid down, he may ajfure himfelf 
 of that Golden Panacea, that E- 
 lixir Salutis, at no ether Charge 
 hut in cura feipfum. 
 
 // would by many be expetted, 
 that Ifhouldmake an Apology for the 
 great Liberties 1 have taken in my 
 general Treatment of the whole Fa- 
 culty ; in which I claim the allowed 
 Exception, that there are fome few 
 "very Eminent^ and worthy of the 
 ' 
 
PREFACE. x j 
 frft Honours and Dignity of Phy- 
 fick.-) and who by their unwearied 
 Labour of Body and Application of 
 Mind, have run through the Courfes 
 of Anatomy, Botany, Chymiftry, 
 and Galenick Pharmacy, and no 
 lefs acquainted with the Virtues^ 
 Faults, and Preparations, Compo- 
 fitions and Dofes of Vegetables^ 
 Animals, Minerals, and all the 
 Shop Medicines. 
 
 And yet never thelefs, the Pro- 
 feffion of Phyfick. (though arrived 
 to much greater Improvement than 
 before} it's Dignity and Degrees 
 are fo defyicably fallen, that the 
 very loweft of People, as well Wo- 
 men as Men^ ufurp the Title 5 and 
 how monftrous it is to fee that 
 Mob of Empericksj as Barbers, 
 
 Farriersj 
 
xij PREFACE. 
 
 Farriers, and Mountebanks^ over- 
 reach and bubble the People both 
 of their Lives and Money. 
 
 As I would not arrogate to my 
 (elf the Performance of another, I 
 muft not here forget to acknowledge 
 that I have borrowed from the ju- 
 dicious Author of a late excellent 
 Difcourfe concerning fome few Paf- 
 fages of the State of Phyfick., and 
 the Regulation of it's Practice. 1 
 fuppofe it will be eafily imagined, 
 that I could have fpoken the fame 
 Things in other Words 5 but my Re- 
 fyeR to the Memory of that worthy 
 Perfon, difpofes me to believe, they 
 will found better, and be more effe- 
 ftual in his own. Language. 
 
 The 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 xnj 
 
 The following Appendix receivd 
 iV 5 Birth in Anfwer to fome the 
 moft formidable of the many Pam- 
 phlets that were crowded upon the 
 People at the firfl Report we had 
 of the mi fer able State of the Mar- 
 feillians by the Plague j which had 
 not been but for the fame plaufible 
 End) of being ferviceable to the 
 Nation, by detecting their Errors, 
 and letting afide the cla/hing 0- 
 finions of thofe Literati, which has 
 rather given Alarm, than a Secu- 
 rity to the People* 
 
 To conclude : If in [peaking the 
 Truth there it no Blame, but ra- 
 ther Commendation, 1 then need 
 not Apologife for the Freedom 
 I've ufed, in exploding the great 
 
 Varieties 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Varieties and Abufes in both the 
 Theory and Praftice of Phyficfc. 
 And although the Attempt Should 
 not anfwer equal to the good Inten- 
 tion I've had for the Public^-) yet 
 1 /kail demand that Juftice of the 
 World, and with Horace, 
 
 QuodVerumatquedeccns, euro, 
 & rogo, 6c omnis in hoc fum. 
 
 Medi- 
 
&'jyc<^^WMm'fy : '* #?& -" -A Vw jj^ f^ji^ 
 
 Medicina Flagellata: 
 
 O R, 
 
 The Do&or Scarify'd. 
 
 I T is mod certain that 
 all Nations, even the 
 moftbarbarous,have 
 in all Ages made ufe 
 of Medicines, to eafe 
 their Fains, tb re- 
 gain or preferve Health, the great- 
 eft among earthly Felicities 5 in 
 the Abfence whereof!, we cannot 
 relifli any of thofe numerous En- 
 joyments, which the bountiful 
 B Crea- 
 
C* 3 
 
 Creator hath plentifully beftow'd. 
 on us 5 fo that the mod fublime 
 ancient Philofophers who excluded 
 all other external Good from be- 
 ing neceflary, to the well being 
 of Man, placing Happinefs only 
 in the things whereof we cannot 
 be depriv'd 5 yet out of them they 
 excepted Health, knowing there 
 was fo near a Connexion between 
 the Soul and Body, that- the one 
 
 j * 
 
 couldi not "be diforder'd ~in its 
 Functions, but the other would be 
 difturb'd in its Operations. Hence 
 it is that no Part of human Know- 
 ledge can be of greater Moment 
 than what directs to Remedies, 
 and Means of Relief under thofe 
 Infirmities to which the whole 
 Race of Man is Heir to 5 fo that 
 even amongft the wifeft, that 
 Science or Art whereby thofe De- 
 fects we call Difeafes were repaired, 
 was always accounted Divine ; 
 
 for 
 
en 
 
 for that God is the firft and chief 
 Phyfician, hath been the conftant 
 Faith of all Ages, and that Phyfi- 
 cians were accounted the Sons of 
 Gods, was commendably aflerted 
 by Galen, and therefore it was tra* 
 ly fpoken, that Medicines were 
 the Hand of God, there meriting 
 only fuch Names, as related to 
 their divine Original 5 thus a cer- 
 tain Antidote was called loufe^ e~ 
 qual to God, another <3go3Vra& given 
 by God, another divine $ feveral 
 Compofitions had the Infcription 
 hpa> or Sacred 5 and 'twas che com- 
 mon Belief among the Heathens, 
 that fo great a Knowledge in Ptiy- 
 fick came by Infpiration : And 
 St. Aujtin is of the fame Opinion 
 in his CivL D^ who laith > 
 ris Medicina (f altlus nrum 
 repettu) mn invtmtw unde ad 
 manare potuwit^ mfi a Dw. It can- 
 not be conceived whence Phyfick 
 B a (houid 
 
[4] 
 
 fhould come to Man But from 
 God himfelf. 
 
 Ic is well known how great a 
 Name Hippocrates obtain'd, hot 
 only in Greece (which he deliver'd 
 from the greateft Plague) but in 
 remote Parts 3 fo that the greateft 
 Monarchs of the Baft, and their 
 Vice-Roys, were Suitors to him, to 
 free their Country from that de- 
 vouring Difeafe, which threatned 
 to exhauft thofe populous Regi- 
 ons of their Inhabitants, unlefs 
 the fame Perfon who freed Greece 
 interpos'd, whom they efteem'd 
 divine, and fent from the Gods, 
 becaufe fuccefsful in fo great Un- 
 dertakings. Very certain it is, fo 
 Noble and Ufeful a Study were 
 encouraged, yea and practifed by 
 Kings, Princes, and Philofophers, 
 by the higheft, wifeft, and beft of 
 Men, whereof fome were honoured 
 Statues e,re&ed to perpetuate 
 
 their 
 
C 5] 
 
 their Memoirs, and by many o- 
 ther Inftances of the publick Gra- 
 tiude. So that when I confider 
 what Reverence has been paid to 
 this ProfeiTion, and the Profeflbrs 
 thereof in all times whereof we 
 have any particular Account, I am 
 amaz'd that in this latter Age 
 wherein it hath received greater 
 Improvements than in Two thou- 
 fand Years before, and that ne- 
 verthelefs it ftiould be by many 
 neglected, by others flighted, and 
 by fome even contemned. After 
 a diligent Enquiry into the Caufes 
 of fo ftrange and fudden an Alte- 
 ration, I could not, in my Opi- 
 nion, fo juftly afcribe it to De- 
 fects in the Profeflion, as to thofe 
 of its Profeflbrs 5 not that I deny 
 that Phyfick may be capable of 
 greater Improvements, notwith- 
 ftanding it might to this Day 
 have been maintained at leaft in 
 
 the 
 
the fame Degree of Honour 
 Efteem which all Ages have juftly 
 had for it,, if the Avarice and Im- 
 prudence of the Real, the Igno- 
 rance and Bafenefs of the preten- 
 ded Artifts had not interposed : 
 Under the former I comprize the 
 "Vulgar Phyficians j under the lat- 
 ter, their Dependants ^Apothe- 
 caries, '-^hpj I am confident, have 
 caufcd m-any of the great Inconve- 
 niences under which the Practice 
 of Phyfick now labours. 
 
 That the Sick are in all Cafes 
 oppreiTed with too many Medi- 
 cines, and made to loath, and 
 complain of the very Cordials 5 
 that the Expence is made greater, 
 and more extravagant by the often 
 Confederacy and Artifices vifible 
 in the new Mooes of prefcribing : 
 And the af the Patient I 
 
 would not /ay is frequently the 
 Effect n , of the Djfeafe, but of 
 
 the 
 
the numerous Dofes obtruded in 
 the fame Proportions in every 
 Sicknefs and Age, pufliing on de- 
 clining, and even departing Life 3 
 which after its Exit makes Pots 
 and Glafles obferved, with the 
 fame Paflions and Concern, as the 
 bloody Sword is viewed as the In- 
 fttument of Death and Mifchk 
 By whom, or by what Means the 
 Purity of Phyfick has funk into 
 this Degeneracy, let us farther ex- 
 amine, and trace it from the firft 
 Steps of entring into this great A- 
 bufe 5 let us then ufher in the 
 young Phyfician now come from 
 the Univerfity, and having fpent 
 a great Part of his Money (if not 
 all) in his Education, very wifely 
 for himfelf confiders, which are the 
 moft obvious and pratis'd Ways 
 of making himfelf known, and 
 by what Methods he may more 
 eaiily infinuate himfelf, and that 
 
 he 
 
he may recover the Fortune he 
 has lent the Publick in his Educa- 
 tion, which he is refolved they 
 {hall now pay him with Intereft. 
 He is inform'd, or prefently ob- 
 ferves, that moil, or all the Fami- 
 lies are under the Directions of 
 the Apothecary, who gives his 
 Phyfick 'till he fears the Patient 
 will die, and then appoints a Phy- 
 iician, who before is prepared to 
 acquit him, by bearing the Re- 
 proach with the moft perfect Re- 
 lignation. And to fupport this 
 good Temper, he is bid to caft 
 his Eyes around the Kingdom, 
 and confider how they flourim in 
 the common Fame, who had the 
 good Luck to follow thofe Inftru- 
 ctions at their firft Arrival. 
 
 Or if he has found out any 
 more effectual Medicines, or more 
 compendious or grateful Methods 
 of Cure, or would imitate the ap- 
 plauded 
 
[9 ] 
 
 plauded Practice of fome few of 
 the moil eminent of that Profef- 
 fion y whofe Prefcriptions were on- 
 ly to aflift, not to overload, or 
 fupprefs Nature 5 this is too bold 
 a Stroke, a too dangerous Re- 
 form in Phyfick 5 he muft previ- 
 oufly coniider, that the Number 
 of Apothecaries are increased, and 
 that their Dependance lieth more 
 on the Quantities of Medicines in 
 fuitable Proportions, and notwith- 
 {landing a generous and liberal E- 
 ducation, by which he has learn'd 
 to explode the malevolent and 
 ufelefs Practice, from a great ma- 
 ny Prefcriptions that are now in 
 vogue j he muft not dare to re-' 
 fute them, he muft obey that 
 great Principle of Nature, to pre-> 
 (erve himfelf3 he muft conform, 
 to the Manners of the Age, and 
 the general Practice 5 he muft di- 
 fpence with his not knowing whe- 
 C ther 
 
io 3 
 
 ther the Medicines are made up 
 according to his Prefer ipt ion 5 he 
 muft wink at the Defign, Igno- 
 rance, Careleflnefs, <3r Unfaithful- 
 nefs of the Apothecary whom he 
 muft not any ways difguft, tho* 
 he in Revenge, as well in execu- 
 ting his own Intereft, may make 
 his Dofe up with worm-eaten fu- 
 perannuated Drugs, wherewith 
 moft of 'em are well ftor'd, which 
 will not work according to the 
 Phyfician's Promife, and the Pati- 
 ent's Expectation : The Apothe- 
 cary who here outwits the Dodto^ 
 and aflumes the Character, is here 
 ready at hand to tell his Patient 
 that this was no ways accommo- 
 dated to his Temper 5 nay, per- 
 haps, he prefages to him that it 
 tvill not work fufficiently, (as he 
 may without Conjuring or Aftro- 
 logy) by which he obtains a Re- 
 putation of a Perfon more judi- 
 cious 
 
C 
 
 cious than the Phyfician making 
 way for his own Advantage, by 
 telling the Patient that he will 
 prepare a Purge that fliall work 
 more effectually than the former ; 
 This you need not doubt is the 
 fame the Phyfician before pre~ 
 fcrib'd, but afluredly made up of 
 better Drugs, and fo the Apothe~ 
 cary executes his Defign, which is 
 to exclude the Phyfician, and pre- 
 fer himfelf. 
 
 The young Phyfician, tho' he 
 has learn'd the Abufe, yet he has 
 that Regard to himfelf, to make 
 ufe of that old Maxim, Of the two 
 Evils y ta choofe the lea/I 5 and finding 
 it bed fuiting his Intereft, which 
 otherwife might be endangered by 
 the clandeftine and underhand 
 Dealings of the other, and now 
 finds it neceffary to clofe in with 
 him, and fuch a one as will join 
 in a mutual Application and Ad- 
 C 2 vancement 
 
vancement of each 'other : Now 
 are their Engines fet at work, and 
 the Do6lor not to be behind-hand, 
 gives a new Form to his Bills, 
 which he prescribes in Terms fo 
 obfcure, that he forces all chance 
 Patients to repair to his own Apo- 
 thecary, pretending a particular 
 Secret, which only they have a 
 Key .to unlock 3 whereas in eflfeft 
 it is no other than the common- 
 eft of Medicines difguifed under an 
 imufual Name, on deiign to di~ 
 re6t you to that Apothecary, be- 
 tween whom and the Phyfician 
 there is a private Compad of go- 
 ing Snips out of thernoftunreaibn- 
 able Rates of the faid Medicines 5 
 - wherein if you feek a Redrefs, by 
 ' ftiewing the Bill to the Dodtor, he 
 fLall moft religioufly aver it to be 
 the cheapeft he ever read. The . 
 Confequence whereof as to your 
 Particular, is a double Fraud 3 and 
 
 as 
 
C >? 3 
 
 as the Apothecaries in general, 
 their Numbers bearing the Propor- 
 tion at leaft ten to one of noted 
 Phyficians 5 to whom allowing his 
 Covenant Apothecary, who con- 
 ftituting one Part of the ten, the 
 remaining nine Parts are compelled 
 either to fit (till, or to cjuack for 
 a Livelihood, or at leaft eight of 
 them, for we'll fuppofe one Part 
 of the nine a Poffibility of acqui- 
 ring competent Eftates, in a Way 
 more honeft than that of the Co- 
 venanters, by their wholfome 
 Trade of fitting out Chirurgeons 
 Chefts for Sea, and fupplying 
 Country Apothecaries with Com- 
 pofitions : Laftly, all accomplifli'd 
 Phyficians are likewife expos'd to 
 manifeft Injuries from the Cove- 
 nant Apothecaries, who being fent 
 for by Patients, after a fliort Ef- 
 fay of: a Cordial, will overpower 
 them by Perfwafions to call in a 
 
 Doftor, 
 
Doctor, who fliall be no other 
 than his Covenant Phyfician 5 by 
 which Means the former Phyfici* 
 an, who by his extraordinary 
 Care and Skill had obliged the 
 Family before, fliall be paffed by, 
 and lofe the Practice of that Pa- 
 tient: And fliould it happen, the 
 Senfe of Gratitude of the 'foremen- 
 tioned Patient, fliould engage him 
 to continue the Ufe of his Former 
 Phyiician, yet this Covenant Apo- 
 thecary fhall privately cavil at e- 
 very Bill, and impute the Ap- 
 pearance of every iinall Pain, or 
 Symptom (which neceffarily in 
 the Courfe of a Difeafe will hap- 
 pen) to his ill Addrefs in the Art 
 of Phyfick, and fliall not give o- 
 ver before he has introduced his 
 Covenanter, whofe Authority in 
 the Fraud of Phyfick he fuppofes to 
 be moft neceflary. 
 
 But 
 
C '5 3 
 
 But leaft yoii fliould think me 
 overbalanced with a Prejudice to 
 thofe that fo much abufe that no- 
 ble ProfeiTion, I'll conduct you 
 into their ufual Road and Method 
 of examining their Patients, and 
 making Enquiry into their Di- 
 feafes, wherewith being acquaint- 
 ed, you may, without any farther 
 Conviction, pronounce a Ver- 
 did. 
 
 This Knack doth chiefly con- 
 fift in three Notions 3 vi%. Firft y 
 That a Patient's Grievance is ei- 
 ther a difcernible evident Difeafe, 
 which his own Confeflion makes 
 known to you, what it is 3 or, Second- 
 ly , an inward Pain 3 or, T/;/n//y,one 
 of thofe two Endemic Difeafes, a 
 Scurvy, or Confumption 3 or, a 
 Fourth, the Pox. This is their Theo- 
 ry, which is fo deeply ingrafted on 
 their Dura Mater^ and may be ac- 
 quired with lefs Induftry than 
 four- 
 
C l 
 
 fourteen Years Study at one of 
 our Univerfities * for fo much 
 Time is required to make a Man 
 grow up a Do&or, the Formality 
 whereot in moft Places confifts in 
 this Elogy 3 Acci^iamw pecuniam, & 
 dimittamus afinum. 
 
 If a fkk Man makes his Addrefs 
 to a vulgar Phyfician, he demands 
 his Complaint 5 t'other replies, he 
 is troubled either With a Vomiting, 
 Loofenefs , want of Stomach, 
 Cough, bad Digefture, difficulty 
 of Breathing, a Phtifick, Faintnefs, 
 Jaundice, Green-Sicknefs, Dropfy, 
 Gout, Convulfion-Fits, Palfy, Di- 
 zinefs, or Swimming in the Brain, 
 Spitting of Blood, an Ague, a con- 
 tinual great Heat or Fever, <&c. 
 Thefe are all evident Difeafes the 
 Party himfelf exprefles he is trou- 
 bled with 3 but his Sicknefs not be- 
 ing an evident Dileafe, which he 
 himfelf can explain, the Vulgar 
 i * Doctor 
 
C '7 
 
 Doctor concludes, it muft be either 
 an inward Pain., or an Endemick 
 Difeafe : The Patient then making 
 complaint of art inward Pain, to 
 his old way of gueflmg t'other 
 goes, enquiring firft irt what 
 Part ? If he anfwers, he feels a 
 Pain in the right Side, of under 
 the fhort Ribs, he tells him it is an 
 Obftrudlion, or Stoppage in the 
 Liver 5 if in the left. Side, in the 
 oppofite Part, then 'tis a Stoppage 
 of the Spleen 5 if in the Belly, he it 
 may be calls it a Cholick, or Wind 
 in the Guts 5 if in the Back, or 
 Loins, he perfwades him it's Gra- 
 vel, Stone, or fome other Obftru- 
 &icn in the Kidneys 3 if a Stitch 
 in the Breaft, he terms it Wind, 
 or other times a Pleurify : Laftly, 
 if the Party be reduced to a very 
 lean Carcais, by reafon of a long 
 tedious Gough, Spitting of Blood, 
 or want of Stomach, or Feeble- 
 
 D nefs 
 
nefs, or almoft any other Difeafe^ 
 or Pain, then befure he tells him 
 he's in a Confumption, or at leaft 
 falling into one : But being trou- 
 bled with feveral Difeafes and Pains 
 at once > as running Pains, Faint- 
 nefs, want of Stomach, change of 
 Complexion, fo as to look a lit- 
 tle yellowifli, duskifti, or green- 
 ifhj then t'other whifpers him, he 
 is troubled with the Scurvy. If di- 
 leafed with Ulcers or running Sores, 
 red, yellow, blue, or dark Spots, 
 Pimples, or Blotches in the Face, 
 Arms, Legs, or any other Part 
 of the Body, that's determined to 
 be the Scurvy likewife, fuppofing 
 the Party to be a fober difcreet 
 Perfon : But if appearing inclined 
 to Wantonnefs by reafon of his 
 Youth, or fly Countenance, then 
 the fore-mention'd Difeafe is to be 
 called the Pox. In moft Difeafes 
 of Women, they accufe the Mo- 
 then 
 
C '9 
 
 ther. In Children, their Guefs 
 feerns far more fallible; for a Child 
 within the fix Months being taken 
 ill, reftlefs, and froward, if there 
 appear no evident Difeafe, he ever 
 affirms it's troubled with Gripes 3 
 upon which he prognosticates, that 
 if not fpeedily remedied, the Child 
 will fall into Convulfion-Fits 5 but 
 this not happening according to 
 his Prediction, to prevent the For- 
 feiture of his Skill and Repute, en- 
 deavours to poffefs the Mother, 
 and reft of the Goflips, it had in- 
 ward Fits. The Child being paft 
 fix Months, and falling indifpos'd, 
 then inftead of Gripes, it is dif- 
 compos'd by breeding of Teeth 3 
 but having bred all his Teeth, and 
 being furpriz'd with any kind of 
 Illnefs, the Doctor then avouches 
 it is troubled with Worms : In 
 fliort, take away thefe three Words, 
 Obftrucl;ion 3 Confumption, and 
 D ^ Scurvy, 
 
Scurvy, and there will remain 
 three dumb Doctors, the Hack- 
 ney Phyfician, the Prefcribing 
 Surgeon, and the Pra&ifing Apo- 
 thecary. 
 
 * 
 
 Hitherto we have only difcover- 
 ed to you the Ordinary Phyficians 
 conje&uring Compafs, whereby 
 he fteers his Courfe, to arrive to 
 the Knowledge of his Patients Di- 
 feafes : There yet remains we 
 fliould unlock the othef Ventricle 
 of his Brain, to behold the Sub- 
 tilty of his Fancy in groaping at 
 the Caufes of Difeafes, which 5 tho' 
 the Poet declares (Felix qui potuit rt- 
 rum cqgnofcerc cau/d*} to be cloathed 
 with the darkeft Clouds., yet by 
 the Virtue of this following Prin- 
 ciple, aims at this Mark immedi- 
 ately, vi^. That moft Difeafes are 
 caus'd by Choler, Phlegm, Me- 
 lancholy, or abundance of Blood : 
 Of thefe, two -are iiippos d to be 
 
 hot, 
 
C 3 
 
 hot, namely/ Choler, and abun- 
 dance of Blood, and the othei* 
 two cold, to wit. Phlegm, and 
 Melancholy, and conie^uently 
 Caufes of hot and cold Difeafes : 
 Thefe four Univerfals being re- 
 duced to two general Categories, 
 under the Notion of hot and 
 cold, any one having but the Senfe 
 of diftinguifliirig Winter from 
 Summer, may, in the Time of 
 an-Htttm* Doxiut, inftantly appoint 
 a Caufe for almoft every Di- 
 fcafe : So chat a Patient difcover- 
 ing his Trouble, it may be a want 
 of Stomach, bad Digefture, Faint- 
 ing, Cough, Difficulty of breath- 
 ing, Giddinefs, Palfy, -&c. his 
 Vulgar Physician has no more to 
 do, but take Jiitn by the Fill, to 
 feel whether lie be hot or cold 5 
 if he finds him cold, then fum- 
 mons in his did Caufes, Phlegm. 
 
 ' t3 s 
 
 iind Melancholy , which ready, 
 
 and 
 
and quick pronouncing of the 
 Caufe upon a mecr Touch, doth 
 almoft ftupify your Patient, thro' 
 Admiration of &{culapian Oracle, 
 hitting him in the right Vein to a 
 hair's preadth : For, quoth he, in- 
 deed, Mr. Doftor, I think you un- 
 , derftand my Diftemper exceeding- 
 ly well, and have infallibly found 
 out the Caufe 5 for every Morning 
 as foon as I awake, I fpit fuch a 
 deal of Phlegm, and moreover, I 
 muft confeis my felf extreamly 
 given to Melancholy. This jump- 
 ing in Opinions between them, 
 makes Mr. Doctor fwell with 
 Expectation of a large Fee, which 
 the Patient moil freely forces 
 on him, and fo the Fool and 
 his Monies are foon parted. Now 
 it's two to one but both are difap- 
 pointed, the one in his unexperi- 
 enced Judgment, t'other in his 
 fond Belief 5 for, ftate the Cafe, 
 
 the 
 
the Difeafe cakes its Growth from 
 Choler, or abundance of Blood, 
 or any other internal Caufe 5 there 
 is fcarce one in a hundred that 
 are indifpos'd, who is not fubject 
 to hauk and fpit in the Morning, 
 and being reduc'd to Weaknefs, 
 by reafon of his Trouble, muflb 
 neceflanly be heavy in the PaiTi- 
 ons of the Mind, and incident to 
 melancholy Thoughts, through 
 the Memory of his Mortality, oc- 
 cafion'd by this Infirmity : So thac 
 feldom Mirth and Cheerfulnefs 
 are houfed in indifpos'd Bodies, be- 
 caufe they are deficient of that a- 
 bundance of Light, and clear 
 Spirits, required to produce them. 
 No Wonder the Vulgar is fo opi- 
 nionated in the Affair of theirTem- 
 perament, when belabour'd with a 
 Difeafe 5 fince in their healthful 
 State, it's impoflible for a Phyfi- 
 cian to engage their Opinion o- 
 
 therwifej 
 
r =4 1 
 
 therwiie, than to believe them- 
 felves phlegmatick and melan- 
 choly. 
 
 To return to the Point of de- 
 claring how the Vulgar drives e~ 
 ven with Violence to be cheated, 
 not in their Furies only, bue in 
 their Fancies and Opinion 3 and 
 in this Particular, our Women are 
 fo violent eager, chat if the Vulgar 
 Phyfician can but make a true 
 Sound upon the Treble of their 
 Fancy , will produce fuch a Har- 
 mony as fliall found his Praife 
 through City and Country ; and 
 without thofe Female^Inftruments, 
 or She^Trurnpets, it's almoft im- 
 poflible for a Vulgarift to arrive 
 to a famous Report, who having, 
 once by his Tongue-Harmony in- 
 chanted the Woman., doth by the 
 fame Cheat fubjed the Opinion of 
 Man to his Advantage, Women 
 generally ufurping, and impropria- 
 ^ ung 
 
c = 
 
 ting the Affair of their Husbands 
 Health to their own Management 
 for if a Man chance to be fur- 
 priz'd with Sicknefs, he prefently 
 asks his Wife what Doctor he fliali 
 fend to, who inftantly gives her 
 Direction to him that had her by 
 the Nofe laft. In this Piece of 
 Subtilty, the Do6tof fliews him 
 felf no leis cunning than the Ser- 
 pent in Gemfis^ who, to cheat A- 
 dam^ thought it expedient firft to 
 deceive Eve. 
 
 Now without any further Pre- 
 amble, I muft tell you the Hu- 
 mour many a fick Woman delights 
 to be coaks'd in by the Ordinary 
 Phyfician, Vi^. She loves to be 
 told (he is very melancholy, tho" 
 of never fo merry a Compofure, 
 and in that Part of the Litany, 
 Mr. Do6tor is a perfect Reader 5 
 for a Woman making Complaint 
 fhe is troubled with Drowlinefs, 
 E wane 
 
want of Stomach, Cough, or any 
 other Diftemper 5 he anfwers her, 
 {he is in an ill State, and troubled 
 with great and dangerous Difeafes T 
 and all engendered by Melancho- 
 ly j and then tells her over again, 
 (he is very melancholy, and, 
 faith he, probably occafion'd by 
 coarfe Treats at Home, or fome 
 Unkindnefs of Friends, which 
 makes the poor Heart put Fingers 
 in her Eye, and force a deep 
 Sigh or two 5 and all this poflibly 
 for being deny'd the extravagant 
 Charge of a Tea-Equipage, or a 
 new Gown on a My-Day 5 which 
 being refrefli'd in her Memory, 
 doth certainly aflure her, the Im- 
 preflfion of that Melancholy to be 
 the Original of her Trouble, tho* 
 fome Months or Years paft, efpe- 
 cially fince her Phyfician difcovers 
 to her io much : And for fo doing^ 
 admires him no lefs > intending 
 
 with- 
 
withal to give him an ample Te- 
 ftimony to the World of the Do- 
 lor's gre^t Skill : But this is not 
 all, he purfues his Bufinefs, looks 
 into her Eyes, where Tpying a 
 fmall Wrinkle or two in the in- 
 ward or letter Angle, he tells her, 
 (lie has had a Child or two, name- 
 ly, a Boy, or a Girl, according to 
 the Place of the aforefaid Wrinkle 
 in the right or left inward Angle 3 
 thence perfwades her, that at 
 her laft lying in, her Midwife 
 did not perform her Office skil- 
 fully, or did not lay her well, 
 whereby (lie received a great deal 
 of Prejudice, as Cold, Wrench- 
 ing, difplacing of the Matrix, &c. 
 Which Inftance fcjuaring with the 
 premeditated Senfe and Opinion 
 of his She-Patient, (moft Women, 
 though never fo well accommo- 
 dated in their Labour, being prone 
 to gall the Behaviour of their Mid-; 
 E 2 wife 
 
C '8 3 
 
 wife in Queftion) he hath now 
 produced a far greater Confidence 
 than before : And laft of all, to 
 compleat his Work now at the 
 going off of his gull'd Patient, of 
 rendring her Thoughts, Opinion, 
 and Confidence, Vaffals to his 
 Service, Fame, and Advantage, 
 makes one Overture more, of a 
 great Caufe of fome of her Symp- 
 toms, declaring to her, fhe is 
 much fubjedt to Fits of the Mo- 
 ther, occasioning a Choaking in 
 her Throat, and herein they alfo 
 jump in their Sentiments 5 fcarce 
 one Woman in an hundred but 
 one time or other is affaulted by 
 thofe Uterin Steams, efpecially 
 upon a Tempeft of any of the 
 Paffions of Fright, Fret, Anger, 
 Love, <FC. 
 
 If I have reproached the Vul- 
 gar Phyfician for executing his 
 Employ with fo little Ingenuity, 
 
 fay 
 
far greater Reafon may move me 
 to condemn the Water-gazer, who 
 by the Steams of the Urine, pre- 
 tends to gratify his Patient's nice 
 Curiofity, of being refolv'd what 
 was, what is, and what Difeafe is 
 to come 5 and what is-more, fome 
 by their great Cunning aiming to 
 difcover as much by the Urinal, 
 as the Aftrologer by the Globe. 
 The Fame unto which the Englifr 
 Do6lor, who fome Years ago re- 
 fiding at Leyden, promoted himfelf 
 by his wonderful Sagacity in U- 
 rins, is not unworthy of your 
 Note, hundreds, or rather thou- 
 fands repairing to this ftupendious 
 Oracle, to have the State of their 
 Bodies defcrib'd by Urine. But 
 when I relate to you the firft 
 Means that gave Birth to our 
 Countryman's Repute, I fliall 
 foon remove your Paflion of ad- 
 miring him. Upon his Arrival 
 i at 
 
[30] 
 
 at the Place aforementioned, he had 
 in his Company a bold Fellow, that 
 haunted the moft noted Taverns 
 and Tap-houfes, who by way of 
 Difcourfe divulged the good For- 
 tune that was happened to the 
 Town, by the Arrival of an Englifh 
 Do6lor, whole great Learning, and 
 particular Skill in Urms, would 
 foon render him famous to all the 
 Inhabitants. This being pro- 
 nounced with a Confidence fuit-^ 
 able to the Subject, occafion'd 
 three fick Scholars (two He&icks, 
 one Hydropical) then prefent, to 
 make Trial of the Truth of his 
 Words 3 the next Morning, agree- 
 ing to mix all their Urins in one 
 Urinal, and commit the Carriage 
 of it to him that was dropfical. In 
 the Interim, the Doctor advertised 
 of it by his Companion, which 
 made him fo skilful, that when 
 the Hydropical Scholar prefented 
 
 him 
 
?' 3 
 
 him with the "Urinal, to know the" 
 State of his difeafed Body, he 
 foon' gravely reply 'd, that he ob- 
 ferved three Urins in this one Uri- 
 nal, whereof the two lowermoft 
 Parts of the Urin, appear'd to him 
 to be confumptive, and the third 
 that floated at top dropfical, and 
 with all, that their Conditions 
 were defperate, and at the Ex- 
 piration of fix Months theyftiould 
 be all lodg'd in their Graves, 
 This admirable Dexterity of dif- 
 cerning Difeafes by the "Urinal, 
 was foon proclaimed by the Scho* 
 lars themfelves, who all having 
 finifti'd the Courfe of their Lives, 
 within the Time prefix'd, proved 
 an undoubted Argument of his un- 
 parallel'd Parts in the Art ofPhy- 
 iick, which immediately procurd 
 him an incredible Concourfe of 
 People for many Years toge- 
 ^ether. 
 
 An- 
 
C 32 
 
 Another Inftance of a Woman 
 whofe Husband had a Bruife by a 
 Fall down Stairs, carry d his Urin 
 to the Urin cafting Doctor in 
 Moor-fields, who pretended likewife 
 to be a Conjurer 5 he (after fhaking) 
 feeing little Specks of Blood float 
 in it, had fo much Underftand- 
 ing to tell her, that the Party had 
 received fome internal Hurt 3 the 
 Woman agreed to this as Truth, 
 but demanding by what Means 
 he came by it : Upon this he e- 
 re&ed a Scheme, and in the mean 
 time asked her ib many Queftions, 
 that by the Drift 'of her Difcourfe, 
 he gathered that he had tumbled 
 down Stairs : The Woman not 
 minding well what flie had faid, 
 (in the Confirmation fhe was in 
 at the hard Words he had utter d) 
 fuppofling he was conjuring up the 
 Devil, to be refolv'd in the Mat- 
 ter,- told her own Words in a dif- 
 ferent 
 
[33 3 
 
 fercntTitlej the Woman acknow-^ 
 . ledged it true, with fome Admi- 
 ration, but defif'd to know how 
 many Pair of Stairs he might fall 
 down ? She had told him before 
 where flie Jiv'd (and he confider- 
 ing the Place chiefly confifted of 
 low Buildings) anfwer'd, two 
 Pair. Nay, now faid flie, you arc 
 out in your Art, he fell three Sto- 
 ry Til promife. This put our Do- 
 &or to his Trumps, when having 
 mufed a while for an Excufe, he 
 fliook the Urinal again, and asked 
 her if there was all the Water her 
 Husband had made ? No, reply 'd 
 fhe, I fpilt a little in pouring it in. 
 O ho, did you fo ? faid he : Why 
 that, Woman, was the Bufinefs 
 that made me miftake, for there 
 went away the other Pair of Stairs 
 in the Urin you fpilt. 
 
 I fliall but trouble you with an- 
 other Inftance, which explodes 
 
 F this? 
 
C?4] 
 
 this Cheat, of what happened in the 
 early Practice of the fam'd Dr. ^ad- 
 (^j/fwhen at Oxford $ of a Country 
 Woman that brought to him her 
 Husband's Urin in a Glafs-Bottle, 
 very carefully cork'd up j and after a 
 low Courtefy, prefented the Bottle, 
 defiring the Doctor to fend a Re- 
 medy for her Husband, who then 
 lay very ill : The Doctor obfer- 
 ving the Simplicity of this Wo- 
 man, put no other Queftion, but 
 of what Profeflion or Trade her 
 Husband was of ? Who reply'd, 
 a Shoemaker: At which he pours 
 * forth the Urin in a Bafin then by 
 him, and after he had fupply'd 
 It with a like Quantity of his own, 
 he gives it her, and fays, Good 
 Woman, carry this to your Huf- 
 band, and bid him fit me with a 
 Pair of Boots : but {he replying, 
 Her Husband muft firft take Mea- 
 fure 5 to which he return'd, The 
 
 Shoe- 
 
[ 35] 
 
 Shoemaker might as well judge by 
 the Urinal the fitting of his Leg, as 
 he in that of his Diftemper. That 
 the Effects of Confederacy in pro- 
 moting a Phyfician to a popular 
 Vogue, are as powerful as fmifter 
 and difingenuous, may not only 
 be deduced from the aforefaid Na- 
 ratives, but from the common 
 Defign of vulgar Empericks,who to 
 raife their Fame as high as a Pyra* 
 mid, fend forth feveral prating 
 Fellows into all publick Places, 
 Taverns, CofFee-houfes, and Ale- 
 houfes, to publifh their vaft Abi- 
 lities, expecting with that Bait to 
 hook in as many Patients as will 
 fwallow it. Others are no lefs 
 skill'd in counterfeiting their great 
 Practice, by caufing their Apothe- 
 caries, or others, to call them out 
 of the Church at an Afternoon 
 Sermort, to haften Poft to a fub- 
 orn'd Patient, to the Intent the 
 F z World 
 
C 36 ] 
 
 World be advertised of the weighty 
 Bufinefs this Dodor is concern d 
 in. Others by their Equipage, 
 eminent Houfes, and occafionr 
 Ing one and the fame Patient, to 
 repair needlefly to them twenty or 
 thirty times, manifeft a Decoy 
 even taken Notice of by the Vul- 
 gar. Thefe few difingenuous Ways, 
 do here purpofely bring on Board, 
 omitting many others, to con- 
 vince the Publick, that the only 
 Means for a Phyfician to advance 
 jiimfelf honourably to Practice, 
 Is y by difcovering his real Abilities 
 irj curing Difeafes, by cjuick.,certain, 
 and pleafant Medicines 5 and there- 
 fore nothing fliould render his 
 Parts more fufpicious than by at- 
 tempting their Difcovery by fuch 
 fallacious and ignoble Devices 3 for 
 certainly the Conclusion is moft 
 fophiftical, that becaufe this Do- 
 ttor is drawn in his Coach, t'other 
 
 rides 
 
[ 37 ] 
 
 rides on Horfeback, or another 
 hath his Lacquey at his Heels, 
 therefore he muft be excellently 
 qualify 'd in his Profeflion, but 
 Vulgws *\?ult decipi. 
 
 Iflnowdefcribe, by way of Ad^ 
 vice to thofe that are entering up- 
 on the Study of this divine Art, 
 the Method of attaining to a Point 
 of Excellency in it, and that may 
 ferve our Vulgar for a better Rule 
 to diftinguifti their Qualifications 
 by the Courfe they have pafled 
 through 3 for it is moft necefiarily 
 requiiite, our young Student ftiould 
 be perfectly inftru&ed in the La~ 
 tin and Greek Tongues, being the 
 Univerfal Keys to unlock all thofe 
 Arts and Sciences, and no lefs a 
 Grace to the future Phyiicians. In 
 this Particular, many of our Em- 
 bryonated Phyficians, that have of 
 late Years tranfported themfelves 
 m) and Utrecht, to purchafe 
 
 aDe- 
 
a Degree, have been found very 
 defective 3 infomuch, that I have 
 heard the Profeflbrs condemn fe- 
 veral of them for their fliameful 
 Imperfection in that which is fo 
 great an Ornament, and of fo ab- 
 folute an life in the Study of Phy- 
 fick : Neither can lefs be fufpe- 
 <5ted of fome of the more aged 
 Vulgar Phyficians, making Choice 
 to manage their Confultations in 
 the Vulgar Tongue. Secondly, Be- 
 ing thus qualify 'd for a Student, 
 he ought to apply himfelf clofe 
 to the Study of Phylofophy, for 
 which, Oxford and Cambridge may 
 juftly challenge a Pre-eminence a- 
 bove other Univerfities : Here it is 
 our Student learns to fpeak like a 
 Scholar, and is informed in the 
 Principles of Nature, and the Con- 
 ftitutions ofNaturalBodiesj andfo 
 receiving a rough Draught in his 
 Mind, is to be accompliiM by 
 
 that 
 
t 39 ] 
 
 that excellent Science of Human 
 Bodies. But becaufe, according to 
 the firft Aphorifm of the firft Ma- 
 fter Hippocrates, Art is long, and 
 Life ftiort, he ought to engage his 
 Diligence to abfolve his Philofo- 
 phical Courfe in two Years at Ion- 
 geft, and in the interim, for his 
 Recreation and Divertifement, 
 enter himfelf Scholar to the Gar- 
 diner ofthePhyfick-Garden, to be 
 acquainted with the Fcetures of 
 Plants, but particularly with thofe 
 that are familiarly prefcrib'd by 
 Practitioners, to prevent being 
 outwitted by Herb-women in .the 
 Markets,and to enable him to give 
 a better Anfwer,, than is faid once 
 of a Phyfician, who having pre~ 
 fcrib'd Maiden-hair in his Bill, the 
 Apothecary asked which Sort he 
 meant ^ t'other reply 'd, fome of 
 the Locks of a Virgin. Thirdly^ 
 Suppofing our Student having 
 2 made 
 
made fufficient Pfogrefs in Phild- 
 fophy, may now pafs to Leyden y 
 and may enter himfelf into a Col- 
 legium Anatomicum, Anatomy be- 
 ing the Bafis and Foundation 
 whereon the weighty Stru&ure of 
 Phyfick is to be raifed 5 and unlefs 
 he acquires more than ordinary 
 Knowledge and Dexterity in this, 
 will certainly be deceived in the 
 Expectation of ever arriving to 
 the Honour of an accomplifti'd 
 Phyfician : A Proficiency in that 
 Part fits him for a Collegium Medi~ 
 cum Inftitutknum y and afterward for 
 a Collegium (Prafticum^ and then 'tis 
 recjuifite he (liould embrace the 
 Opportunity of vifiting the Sick 
 in the Hofpital twice a Week with 
 the Phyfick-Profeffor, where he 
 (hall examine thofe Patients with 
 all the Exaftnefs imaginable, and 
 point at every Difeafe, its Symp- 
 toms, as it were., with his Fingers, 
 
 and 
 
C 4' ] 
 
 and afterward ptopofe feveral Cafes 
 upon thofe Diftempers, demand- 
 ing from every young Student his 
 Opinion, and his Grounds, and 
 his Reafons for it 5 withal requi- 
 ring of him what Courfe of Phy- 
 fick is beft to be prefcrib'd : This 
 is the only Way for a young Phy- 
 fician to attain a Habit of kftow* 
 ing Difeafes when he feeth them, 
 and a confident Method of curing 
 thofe that may repair to him, 
 without running the Hazard of 
 being cenfured by Apothecaries, 
 or derided by them for his Bills, 
 as too many are, that at Oxford or 
 Cambridge have only imbib'd a Part 
 of Senuert's Institutions, and over- 
 look'd (Z^venWs. Practice, and 
 thence attaining an imperfect aficl 
 unhappy Skill, by enlarging the 
 Church-yards in the City or Coun- 
 try 3 but what is more, lie fliali. 
 efcape the Danger a young Student 
 G I for- 
 
['4' 3 
 
 I formerly knew at Oxford precipi- 
 tated himfelf into, by imagining 
 every Difeafe he read was his own. 
 I muft likewife advife our Student 
 to take his Lodgings there at an 
 able Apothecary's Houfe, to con- 
 tract the Knowledge of Drugs, 
 and of preparing, difpenfing, and 
 mixing them in Competitions, 
 and then by Means of his own 
 Qualifications, may boldly pretend 
 to inform, correct, and improve 
 thofe Apothecaries which the 
 Chance of his Practice fliall con- 
 duel; him. to ^ for it would be 
 judged ridiculous, ihould a Phy- 
 fician undertake to reprehend, and 
 afterwards bend his Force to fup- 
 prefs and decry Apothecaries pri- 
 vately or publickly, without ha- 
 ving firft acquired a particular Ex- 
 perience in their Art. Hence it 
 is again the Vulgar Phyfician is 
 wrapped up in a Cl0ud 3 and the 
 
 Apothe- 
 
[43 ] 
 
 Apothecaries dance round about 
 him 5 he prefcribes ^tedicines he 
 neverfaW; they, prepare them ac- 
 cording to their own Will and 
 Pleafure. 
 
 Neither is it over thefe alone 
 the Phyfician claims a Superin- 
 tendance, but over Chirurgeons 
 likewife 5 and therefore in this his 
 Courfe of Study, would contribute 
 to his future Qualifications, in fo- 
 journing a Year with fome expe- 
 rienc'd manual Operator, without 
 a Hindrance to his other Affair, 
 and there by an ocular Infpec~tion., 
 and handling of his Inftruments, 
 demanding their Names, Ufes, 
 and Manner of ufing, withal by 
 Infinuations .to vifit the Chirurgi- 
 cal Patients, and fee him drefs 
 them, would render his Study in 
 Chirurgery, fo plain and eafy, 
 which otherwife might be thought 
 difficult, that ic fhould enable him 
 G 2 to 
 
C 44 ] 
 
 to give Laws to Ghirurgeons alfo, 
 efpecially to thofe that execute 
 their Office with that Raflinefs, 
 Indifcretion and Difhonefty as I 
 have fometime difcover'd araongft 
 them. 
 
 Thefe two Years giving occa^ 
 fion to our Student to acquire a 
 Syftem, or a brief Comprehenfion 
 of the Theory of Phyfick, and of 
 the Practice likewife : Nothing 
 now remains than to amplify his 
 commenced Knowledge and Ex- 
 perience by his farther Travels; 
 r to which End, takes his Journey to 
 3V# , to be acquainted with the 
 moft famous Phyficians, and to 
 be inform'd of their Way of Pra- 
 &ice, by furveying their Prefcripts 
 at the moft frequented Apotheca- 
 ries, to vifit for a Year every Day 
 the Hofpitals of f Hojhl Dieu, and 
 laCbame $ in which latter, it is cu- 
 ftomary, for, any three or four 
 
 young 
 
C 45 ] 
 
 young Phyficians to examine and 
 overlook the new enter d Patients, 
 to name the Diitempers among 
 themfelves, and propofe their 
 Cures, for to compare their Opi- 
 nions afterwards with the Phyfi- 
 cians that are appointed for the 
 Hofpital, and where he may fee 
 moft difficult Operations performed 
 in Chirurgery, as Trypaning, Am- 
 putating, Cutting for the Stone, 
 Tapping of the Belly and Breaft 
 wit|i the greateft Dexterity. Here 
 he may alfo obferve Wounds and 
 Ulcers cured by Virtue of thofe fa- 
 med Waters, vi^. the White Wa- 
 ter, and the Yellow Water 3 the 
 former being 4qua Cakis, the latter 
 the fame, with an Addition of 
 Sublimate. 
 
 The Art of preparing Medicines 
 chymically, having merited a 
 great Efteem for its ftupendious 
 and admirable Effects in the mofl: 
 
 defpair'd 
 
. C 46 3. 
 
 defpair'd Difeafes, fliews a Necef~ 
 
 fity of being inftru6led in it, in 
 
 which he can not fail of prying 
 
 into, in the Courfe of his Travels. 
 
 Having attained his Scope in 
 
 this Place, his Curiofity ought to 
 
 direct him to Montpellier, where he 
 
 will meet with a Concourfe of the 
 
 greateft Proficients in Phyfick in 
 
 Europe, converfe with the Profef- 
 
 iors and Phyficians of that Place, 
 
 and out of 'em all, extraft choice 
 
 Obfervations, Secrets, and inoft 
 
 fubtle Opinions upon feveral Di- 
 
 feafes, which Defign can fcarce be 
 
 ' O 
 
 compared in lefs than another 
 Year. Now we muft fuppofe our 
 Student to merit the Title of an 
 experienced Phyfician, and raifed 
 far above the Vulgar ones, that 
 never felt the Cold beyond the 
 Chimneys of their own Homes : 
 He is now rendered capable of un~ 
 derftanding the greateft Myfteries, 
 
 and 
 
 
C 47 3, 
 
 and moft acute Opinions in Phy- 
 fick, which he is chiefly to expert 
 from thofe reputed ProfefTbirs of 
 the Albb at Padua, where he is like- 
 wife to continue his Diligence in 
 vifiting the famed Hofpital of $an 
 Lorenzo, and obferve the Italian 
 Method of curing Difeafes by alte- 
 rative Broths, without purging or 
 bleeding, that Climate feldora 
 fuffering Plethories in thofe dry 
 Bodies : He cannot but be won- 
 derfully pleafed with the Va- 
 riety and excellent Order of the 
 Plants of their Phyfick-Garden > 
 by them calTd Horto di Sempleci. 
 Neither will he receive lefs Satif- 
 fadlion from the curious and moil 
 dextrous Diffe&ions performed by 
 the artificial Hand of the Anatomy 
 Profeflbr. Having here made his 
 Abode for fix Months, may juftly 
 afpire to a Degree of a Doctor ia 
 Phyfick, which the Fame of the 
 2 Place 
 
c 48 
 
 Pjace flioufd perfuade him to take 
 here, being the Imperial Univerfity 
 for Phyfick of all others in the 
 World, and where Phyficians do 
 pafs a very exad Scrutiny, and fe~ 
 vere Teft. Hence may he tranf- 
 port himfelf to iBofogH, and in 
 three Months time add to his Im- 
 provements what is poflible by 
 the Advantage of the Hofpital> 
 and the Profeflbrs. Laft of all, 
 in the Imitation of the diligent 
 Bee fucking Honey out of all 
 fweet Flowers, our Doctor muft 
 not negledl to extract fomething 
 that his Knowledge did not par- 
 take of before, out of the emi- 
 nenteft Practitioners at ^omCj exa- 
 mine the chief Apothecaries Files, 
 and ftill frequent thofe three re- 
 no wn'd Holpitals of San Spirito in 
 the Vatican, San Giovanni Laterano 
 on the Mount Celio, and that of 
 San Giacomo di Augufta in the Val- 
 ley 
 
C 49 
 
 ley Martia, befides many others of 
 lefs Note. 
 
 Here may he fee the Rarities 
 and Antiquities of this once re- 
 nowned Emprefs of the World, 
 from whence he may vifit the re- 
 nowned City of Naples, and take 
 a Survey of the Antiquities of the 
 Nature ofTa^pK. 
 
 Having thus in all Particulars 
 fatisfied his Curiofity, may con- 
 fult about the moft advantageous 
 Ways homeward, which is to em- 
 bark for Leghorn, or Genoa, where 
 he cannot fail of Englifh Shipping. 
 
 Or elfe may take a Tour by 
 Land to Milan, where he will fee 
 the fineft Hofpital, and the ftrong- 
 eft Citadel in Europe. Hence pa 
 fes the dlpes, and that ftupendous 
 Mount St. Godart, through dltorpb, 
 and Lucern, and thence to ^a^il, 
 the chief of the Proteftant Can-. 
 tons, fo by Boat down the River 
 e to Strasburgb, and fdkydel- 
 H btrgh, 
 
C5] 
 
 bergk, Manbeim, and fo down the 
 Q(bine to Coblent^ Audernach and 
 Cotten, then by Land to Brujfels, 
 Ghant, Oftend, Newport, and 'Dun- 
 kirk, GraVelin, and Calais : And 
 thence to the Place of his Inclina- 
 tions for his future Settlement, 
 where, by his vaft Experience and 
 Knowledge, being render'd con- 
 fpicuous in the fecure and certain 
 Method of his Cures, will foon 
 give Occafion to the People to 
 difcern the Difference between 
 him and the ordinary vulgar Phy- 
 ficians, who by their fordid De- 
 ports, and dangerous Practice, 
 make it their Bufinefs to eafe the 
 blind People of the Weight in 
 their Pockets, and plague them Jn 
 worfe Difeafes. 
 
 How very few go through this 
 Courfe of Improvement, we too 
 readily difcover, and may be re- 
 proved by the firft beginning of 
 the Practice among the Ancients, 
 
 where 
 
where we find the Method then in, 
 ufe, to train up Youth to the Pro- 
 feflfion, was to place them Ap- 
 prentices with able Phyficians^ 
 who adjudged it neceffary to 
 take their Beginning from Surge- 
 ry, the Subject whereof being ex- 
 ternal Difeafes, as Wounds, Swel- 
 lings, Members out of joint, and 
 others that were vifible, proved 
 more facile and eafy to their in- 
 mate Capacities, and wherein they 
 might fuddenly become fervice- 
 ableto their Matters, in eafing them 
 of the Trouble of dreffing and 
 cleanfing (linking Ulcers, and ap- 
 plying Ointments and Plaifters, 
 a nauleous Employ, which they 
 ever endeavour d to abandon to 
 their Scholars with what Expediti- 
 on poflible : This as it was the 
 eafieft, fo it was the firft, and an- 
 cienteft Part of Phyfick^ and from 
 which thofe that exercifed it were 
 H 2 ancient- 
 
anciently not called Surgeons, but 
 Phyficians, tho' they attempted 
 no other Difeafes but what were 
 external $ according to which Senfe 
 tfEfciildpiii* the firft Phyfician, or 
 Inventor of Phyfick, and his Sons 
 (podalyrius and Machaw, are by Hi- 
 ftory aflerted to have undertaken 
 only thofe that wanted external 
 Help ; internal Difeafes being in 
 thofe Days unknown, and by 
 Temperance in their Diet^wholly 
 debarred 5 and if accidentally an in- 
 ternal Diftemper did furprize them, 
 they apply'd a general Remedy 
 (having no other; of poifoning or 
 killing themfelves with a Dagger 
 or Sword, thereby chufing rather 
 to die once, and finifli their Mi- 
 fery, than to lurvive the Objects 
 of Peoples Pity, or to endure the 
 Shocks of Death by every Pain or 
 Languor, efpecially fince the fage 
 Judgment of that Age did efteem 
 
 it 
 
it a fignal Virtue to defpife and 
 fcorn the vain World, by hurry- 
 incr out of it in a Fury, a Maxim 
 mofl of the Philofophers were ve- 
 ry eminent in obferving 5 and was 
 likewife extended to Children that 
 brought any Difeafes external or 
 internal with them into the World, 
 their Cure being perform'd imme- 
 diately by ftrangling, or drown- 
 ing them 5 neither was this Art of 
 external Phyfick of fliort Conti- 
 nuance 5 Winy writing that Six 
 hundred Years after the building 
 of <]!(pme y the (Romum entertain a 
 Chyrurgical Phyficians from ( Pe/o- 
 fonefus : Idlenefs and Gluttony at 
 laft exchang'd their Eafe into a 
 Difeafe, which foon put them into 
 a Neceflity of experimenting fuch 
 Remedies as might re-eftablifh 
 them into that healthful Condi- 
 tion, which Exercife in War, and 
 Temperance in Diet had for fo 
 3 many 
 
[54] 
 
 many Ages preferred their Ance- 
 ftors in. 
 
 Upon a competent Improve- 
 ment of their Scholars in this ex-r 
 ternal Pra&ice of Phyfick, and 
 their defer ving Deportment, they 
 thought them worthy of giving 
 them Entrance into their Clofets, 
 to be inftrufted in fuch Matters 
 as the moft retir'd Places of their 
 Cabinets contained 5 which were 
 their Remedies and Medicines, and 
 the Manner of preparing them : 
 And then bending his Endeavours 
 to arrive to the Art of difcerning 
 the Difeafe by its Signs, and ma* 
 king Observations upon the Prog- 
 Bofticks, all critical and preter- 
 natural Changes : The Dofe, Con* 
 ftitution, and all other Circum- 
 ftances of giving the Medicines 
 which he did gradually accom- 
 plifti, by his fedulous Attendance 
 on his Matter, and his practical 
 
 Dif- 
 
C 55 ] 
 
 Difcourfes and Le&ures from him 
 on every Patient he vifited : Late- 
 ly, upon his Attainment to a De- 
 gree of Perfection in the Art, difco- 
 vered by hj.s Mailer by his private 
 Examination, ; all the Phyficians 
 an4 Commonalty of the Place 
 were fummoned to be .prefent at 
 the taking of his Oath in the pub- 
 lick Phyficlc-Sehool, which ferved 
 in lieu of makmgiFree.taPraelife, 
 or taking his Degree 5 the Form 
 of which, as remarkable as it is 
 ancient, theO^th was as folio weth. 
 
 " TT Swear by (a) Apollo the Phy- 
 J^ " fician, and (l>) JEfw\a\>iw y 
 " and by (c)Hygea y and (d^tn&ea, 
 " and I do call to witnefs all the 
 " Gods, and likewife all theGod- 
 
 (a) An /Egyptian, and tie frft Inventor 'of P 
 (fr) The Son of Apollo, begotten upon Coronis, the 
 Daughter of Phlegia. (c d) The two eldefi Daughters of 
 
C 
 
 <c defies, that according to my 
 " Power and Judgment I will en- 
 " tirely keep this Oath and this 
 " Covenant 5 That I will efteem 
 " this Mafter that taught me this 
 " Art, give him his Diet, and 
 " with a thankful Spirit, impart 
 " to him whatever he wants 3 and 
 " thofe that are born of him I 
 " will efteem them as my Male 
 " Brethren, and teach them this 
 " Art, if they will learn it, without 
 " Hire or Agreement 3 1 will make 
 Partakers of the Teaching, Hear- 
 ing, and of all the whole Dif- 
 " cipline, my own and my Ma- 
 " fter's Sons, and the reft of the 
 " Difciples, if they were bound be- 
 < fore by Writing, and were obli- 
 " ged by the Phyficians Oath, no 
 <c other befides j I will, according 
 " to my Capacity and Judgment, 
 " prefcribe a Manner of Diet fuit- 
 "able to the Sick, free from all 
 
 "Hurt 
 
 cc 
 
C 57] 
 
 a Hurt or Injury neither will I, 
 " through any bodies Interceffion, 
 cc offer Poifon to any, neither will I 
 " give Gounfel to any fuch Thing - 
 cc neither will I give a Woman a 
 a Peffary to deftroy her Concep- 
 cc tion : Moreover, I will exercife 
 a my Art, and lead the reft of 
 c - my Life chaftly and holily5 nei- 
 C ther will I cut thofe that are 
 " troubled with the Stone, but give 
 cc them over to Artifts that profefs 
 a this Art 5 and whatever Houfes 
 a I fliall come into, I will enter 
 cc for the Benefit of the Sick 5 and 
 " I will abftain from doing any 
 <c voluntary Injury, from all Cor- 
 cc ruption, and chiefly from that 
 a which is venereal, whether I 
 " (Tiould happen to have in Cure 
 cc the Bodies either of Women or 
 cc of Men, or of free-born Men 
 " or Servants 3 and whatever I 
 < c {hall chance to fee or hear in^ 
 I " curing* 
 
C 58] 
 
 " curing, or to know in the com- 
 " mon Life of Men ; if it be bet- 
 " ter not to utter it, I will conceal, 
 " and keep by me as Secrets : That 
 " as I entirely keep and do not 
 " confound this Oath, it may 
 " happen to me to enjoy my Life 
 " and my Art happily, and celebrate 
 " my Glory among all Men to all 
 " Perpetuity 5 but if tranfgreffing 
 " and forfwearing, that the con- 
 " trary may happen. 
 
 Between thofe Bounds of Se- 
 crefy, Veneration, Honefty and 
 Gratitude, the Art was for many 
 hundred Years maintained ; for in 
 the Time of Gakn y and many Ages 
 after him, Medicines for their 
 greater Secrefie were ufed to be 
 prepared and compofed by Phy- 
 iicians, as you may read, Libr. de 
 Virt, Centaur, where is obfervable, 
 their Men were wont to carry 
 
 their 
 
C 59 ] 
 
 their Phyfick ready prepaid in 
 Boxes after them, which they them- 
 felves, according to the Exigency, 
 did difpenfe. This Cuftom was 
 continued until Wars ceafing, Peo- 
 ple began to be as intent upon the 
 Propagation of Mankind, as the 
 Cruelty of the former martial Ages 
 had been upon its Deftruction 3 
 where the World growing nume- 
 rous,and through Idelnefs and want 
 of thofe Diverfions of their mili- 
 tary Employ, addi&ing themfelves 
 to Gluttony, Drunkennefs, and 
 Whoredom, did contrad fo great 
 a Number of all inward Difeafes, 
 that their Multiplicity impofqd 
 a Neceflity upon Phyficians (be- 
 ing unable to attend them all as 
 formerly) to difmember their Ad: 
 into three Parts, whereof two were 
 fervile, Chirurgery and Pharmacy 3 
 and the other imperial and appli- 
 cative or methodical. 
 
 I ^ The' 
 
[6o] 
 
 The fervile Part being now 
 committed to fuch as are now 
 called Surgeons and Apothecaries, 
 the former were employed in ap- 
 plying external Medicines to ex-? 
 ternal Difeafes 3 the latter in pre<- 
 paring all ordinary internal and 
 external Medicines, according to 
 the Prescription and Directions of 
 the Phyficians, whofe Servants 
 were ordered to fetch the prefcrib'd 
 Medicines at the Apothecaries, 
 and thence to convey them to 
 their Patients 3 by which Means 
 the Apothecary was kept in Igno- 
 rance : As to the Application and 
 life of the laid Medicines, not 
 being fuffered to be acquainted 
 with the Patients or their Difeafes, 
 to prevent their Infinuation into 
 their Acquaintance, which other- 
 wife might endanger the diverting 
 the faid Patients to other Phyfi- 
 , cians, or at leaft their prefuming 
 
 them- 
 
' 3 
 
 themfelves to venture at their Di- 
 ftempers. Neither were the Phy- 
 ficians Servants in the leaft Proba- 
 bility of undermining or imitating 
 their Mafters in the Practice, not 
 knowing their Medicines or Pre~ 
 fcriptions. ' Befides all this, thofe 
 Remedies from which the chief 
 Efficacy and Operation againft the 
 Difeafe was expected, ftill remained 
 fecret with the Phyficians, who 
 thought it no Trouble to prepare 
 them with their own Hands. Thus 
 you may remark the Phyfician's 
 neceffary Jealoufy of their Under- 
 lings,' and their fmall Pains proved 
 the fole Means of impropriating 
 their Art to themfelves : And yet 
 by the Advantage of their 'Chirur- 
 geons and Apothecaries^ were ca- 
 pacitated to vifit and cure ten 
 times greater Numbers of Sick 
 than before 3 which in a fliort. 
 Time improved their Fame and. 
 
 Eftate 
 
E 
 
 Eftate to a vaft Treafure, whence 
 it was well rhimed, 
 
 - dot Galenus Opes, dat Juflinianus 
 Izlonores. 
 
 But at length, their Honour and 
 vaft Riches in the Eye of Apothe- 
 caries and Surgeons, proved Seeds 
 fown in their Minds, that budded 
 into Ambition of becoming Ma- 
 ilers., and into Cpvetoufnefs of 
 Equality, and fliareing with them 
 in their Wealth 5 both which they 
 thought themfelves capable of a- 
 fpiring to by an Emperical Skill 
 the Neglect and Sloath of their 
 Mafters had given them occafion 
 to attain, fince they did not begin 
 to fcruple to make them Porters 
 of their Medicines to their Patients, 
 to intruft them with the Prepa- 
 ration of their greateft Secrets. 
 This Truft they foon betray 'd, 
 
 for 
 
for having infinuated into a fami- 
 liar Acquaintance with their Ma- 
 fters Patients, it was a Task not 
 difficult to perfwade them, that 
 thofe that had made and difpenfed 
 the Medicines, were as able to ap- 
 ply them to the like Diftempers, as 
 they that had prefcrib'd them, who 
 had either forgot, or were wholly 
 ignorant how to prepare them 5 fb 
 that now they were as good as ar- 
 rived to a Copartnerfliip with their 
 Mafters in Reputation and Title, 
 the beft being call'd Do&ors alike, 
 and there being no other Diffe- 
 rence between them, than that the 
 Mafter Doctor comes at the Heells 
 of his Man Do&or, to take in 
 Hand the Work which he or his 
 Brother Doctor (the Chirurgeon) 
 had either fpoiled, or could not far- 
 ther go on with 3 a very fine Cafe 
 the Art of Phfick and its Profef- 
 fors are reduc'd to, and that not 
 
 only 
 
C 
 
 only of late Days, 'but tif almoff 
 Seven hundred Years, for before 
 that time Apothecaries had fcarce 
 a Being, only there were thofe they 
 call'd Seplafiarij from their felling 
 of Ointments on the Market of 
 Capua, call'd Seplafia, drmatarij, and 
 Speciarij, or ftich as fold Drugs and 
 Spices 5 tho' I confefs Apotheca* 
 caries may offer a juft Objection 
 in pretending to a far greater An- 
 tiquity, fmce the Original and 
 'Neceffity of their Employ was de- 
 riv'd from the Egyptian Bird ljis- y 
 fpouting Water into its Breech for 
 a Glyfter : But tis no Matter, the 
 Do6lor muft truckle to this power- 
 ful Engineer, he muft conform to 
 the Manner of the Age and were 
 I to enumerate the many Abufes 
 that are pra&ifed by this lower 
 ProfelTion, I mean the Generality 
 of them, you would be more care- 
 ful in making Choice of your A- 
 
 pothecary. 
 
. 
 
 pothecary, or making a b'ette'f 
 Choice in having leaft to do with 
 them j and how. dangerous is their 
 Ignorance in the Latin Tongue, 
 which is of very ill Gonfequence, 
 as their Prescriptions fent "em by 
 the Phyfieiaris are writ in Latin, and 
 which not being rightly under- 
 flood, hath often occafioned not 
 only innocent but fatal Miftakes, 
 Hominefemi dotto quid intymw ? and 
 that a great Part of the Apothe- 
 caries are very illiterate ! is fo evi- 
 dent, that they themfelves dare 
 not deny it ; among rriany In- 
 (lances of this Kind, that monV. 
 unfortunate one recorded by an 
 eminent Phyfician is notoxious, 
 who inftead of a Dofe of Mercu- 
 riw fulllmatus dulciSj exhibited fo 
 much common Sublimate, a mor- 
 tal Poifon, which was fcarce ever 
 given inwardly, inftead of an in-, 
 nocent Medicince approved by, all 
 K Phy- ' 
 
Phyficians. Yet thofe worthy Sons 
 of Bombaft muft difguft your 
 Palate with the Relation of the 
 naufeous and choaking Terms, 
 their Ends of Latin and {lifting 
 Phrafes, ftriving to confound and 
 amaze the fimple Vulgar. An 
 Inftance of this Kind may afford 
 you fome little Diverfion : A pra- 
 ctical Apothecary coming to fee 
 his Cuftomer, a Cobler, that lay 
 indifpofed of the.Cholick, obfer- 
 ved him to crack a Fart (for fo it 
 is exprefs'd in the Original) upon 
 which, faid the Apothecary, Sir, 
 that's nothing but the Tonitruation 
 of Flatuofities in your Inteftines 3 
 this was no fooner out of his 
 Mouth, but the Cobler crack'd a- 
 nother, and reply'd to his Doctor, 
 Sir, that is nothing but your Hob- 
 goblin Notes thundring Wind out 
 of my Guts which literal Re- 
 , turn ef his Terms of Art in plain 
 
 tygtifa 
 
Englifb, though by chance, obliged 
 the Apothecary to this Exprefliori $ 
 I beg your Pardon, Sir, I fuppofe 
 you have ftudy'd the Art of Phy- 
 lick as well as my felf, and want 
 not my Help : So away went 
 Doctor Peftle, imagining the Cob- 
 ler to be as great a Mafter in the 
 Faculty as himfelf. 
 
 Another Complaint againft the 
 Apothecaries is, That they are not 
 well acquainted with the ^ateria 
 Medica ; the Knowledge of which 
 is an eflential Part of their Profef- 
 fion, but muft take the Words of 
 Druggifts, who themfelves are 
 fometimes miftaken, and differ a- 
 bout the Names of jfeveral Drugs 5 
 and which is worfe, their trufting 
 to Herb-women, who obtrude al- 
 moft any thing upon the greateft 
 Part of them ; and that thofe Wo- 
 men do often miftake one Thing 
 for another, fometimes ignorant- 
 
 -r^ 1 
 
 K i ly, 
 
[68] 
 
 ly, fometimes defignedly, is well 
 known to many Phyficians, who 
 have feen them fell the Apothe- 
 caries Herbs, Roots and Seeds, un- 
 der other Names than thofe they 
 do really bear, for many among 
 them cannot cliftinguifh between 
 Ingredients noxious and falutary : 
 So that we have not Patients daily 
 poifoned is rather from the Care 
 of Herb-women than Apotheca- 
 ries.' " Another juft Caufe of Com- 
 plaint againft the Apothecaries 
 are, their old Medicines 5 for fup- 
 pofe them as faithfully prepared as 
 they can pretend or we defire, yet 
 Length of Time will make fome 
 Changes in them, which are not 
 often Improvements : The Syrups 
 grow acid, and Waters full of Mo- 
 ther, Electuaries and Pills dry and 
 deprived of their moft active Parts, 
 Powders themfelves are not free 
 from this Fate, whole Virtues in 
 
 Time 
 
3 
 
 Time we find marveloufly dimi- 
 niflied. But were they to be told 
 of this, you may with as good 
 Succefs preach to a Wall, for not 
 a Dram of any other Medicine 
 will the Apothecaries part with but 
 for Sale : So that many times 
 they fell their Preparations five or 
 fix Years after they were made, 
 and whether their Medicinal Pro- 
 perties are not much impaired, if 
 they have any left, we leave to 
 others to determine. And indeed 
 the Apothecary has many Things 
 in his Shop which are not called 
 for in many Months, yet thefe 
 muft be vended with the reft 5 all 
 which, when they have loft their 
 Virtues, fhould they be reje&ed, 
 it would be much to their Preju- 
 dice, and they have a fundamental 
 Pradice that no fuch Thing fhould 
 be allowed of: For 'tis much bet- 
 ter the Patient fliould fuffer fome- t 
 
 what 
 
what in his Body than the Apo- 
 thecary in his Eftate 5 and if he 
 Eas injured by his bad Phyllck, 
 perhaps he will take Pity of him, 
 and the next Prefcription fhall be 
 better prepared 3 whereby he makes 
 him abundance of Recompence for 
 the Hurt he receiv'd by that 
 which was bad : And he himfelf 
 makes an Advantage of both, al- 
 though perhaps if he had confult- 
 cd the Patient, he would rather 
 have chofen to keep his Head found 
 than have it broken, that a pro- 
 per Plaifter might be applied for 
 the Cure. This is fo notorious a 
 Truth, that all the World, even 
 their beft Friends, exclaim againft 
 them for it, and 'till they amend 
 this among many other Peccadil- 
 lo's, it behoves the Patient to 
 take care how feldom he employs 
 them. Another, that the Apo- 
 thecaries and their Servants are fo 
 
 care- 
 
C 7' 3 
 
 carelefs, flovingly and flight in 
 preparing of difpenfatory, or pre- 
 fcribed Medicines, that neither the 
 Phyficians, or the Dileafed, have 
 Reafon to repofe that Truft in 
 them which they challeng'd as 
 their Due. As for Slovenlinefs, 
 they may, I confefs, plead the old 
 Proverb, That what the Eyes fee not^ 
 the Heart rues not. Indeed of all 
 the reft it may be difpenfed with 5 
 but fliould Patients but once be- 
 hold how their Phyfick was pre- 
 pared in fome Shops, they would 
 naufeate it : But leaft I fliould of- 
 fend fome nice Stomachs, I fliall 
 difmifs this Subject, and proceed 
 to another, which is the Careleff- 
 nefs of Apothecaries and their Ap- 
 prentices 5 on which I can never 
 reflect without Fear and Indigna- 
 tion, to think what Numbers have 
 been deftroy'd and injur'd by 
 fuch Proceedings: That this is- 
 2 not 
 
[ 7' ] 
 
 not a groundlefs Apprehenfion 
 many Families can witnefs, and 
 you can converfe with few Perfons 
 who are not able to give an Account 
 of fome fuch. Mifcarriages. 
 
 Another thing of great Blame 
 with the Apothecaries is, their en- 
 hancing the Prices of Medicines fo 
 much above what they might in 
 Reafon expect ; about which the 
 Phyfician muft no ways concern 
 himfelf,- becaufe it has a bad In- 
 fluence on him; as on the Account 
 of his Patient ; though certainly, 
 if the Apothecaries were more mo- 
 deft in the prifing of their Phy- 
 fick, the Patient would be .more 
 liberal to the Phyfieian : Where- 
 as on the contrary, the Apothe- 
 cary holds them at fuch unreafon- 
 able Rates, that in moft Courfes 
 of Phyfick he gains more than the 
 Doctor, how defervedly let others 
 ( determine, though in my Opinion, 
 
 were 
 
were their Pay proportioned to 
 their Care and Honefty, I doubt 
 they would gain little befides 
 Shame and Reproaches : But their 1 
 Bills muft be paid without Abate- 
 ment 5 and with how much Re- 
 gret they are difcharg d, I fhall 
 refer it to thofe who have fuffered 
 by them. Now feveral Things 
 contribute to, or are the occafion- 
 al Caufes of this Univerfal Griev- 
 ance. The Phyfician's Silence, and 
 the Number, Pride, or Covetouf- 
 nefs of the Apothecaries, and that 
 Prices are not fet upon their Me-* 
 
 dicines : the Apothecaries being 
 
 j >i ^ 
 reduc d into a Company, were at 
 
 firft few 5 and therefore having 
 full Employment, could afford 
 their Medicines at moderate Prices 3 
 but being fince that time increased 
 to a great Number, each Perlon 
 bringing up two or three, or more^ 
 that Imployment which was be* 
 L fore * 
 
[ 74 1 
 
 fore in a few Hands, became more 
 difpers'd, fo that very fmall Por- 
 tion thereof falls to the Share of 
 fome, and indeed very few of 
 them haye more than they can 
 manage. Now the Sick muft main- 
 tain all thefe, for although there 
 be no occafion for a fixth Part, yet 
 they muft all live handfomely 3 
 to fupply which Expence, they 
 have no other Way than to exalt 
 the Prices of their Medicines, and 
 ftill the lefs they are employed, the 
 higher they muft prize them, o- 
 therwife they could not poflibly 
 fubfift, unlefs they became Phyfi- 
 cians, and prefcribe as well as pre- 
 pare 3 to which Practices they are 
 not only propenfe, but more ar- 
 rogantly aiTume, which is no lefs 
 fatal to their Patients, than by the 
 impudent Preicription of your 
 common Quackfaiver, Emperic, 
 or Mountebank. 
 
 Now 
 
C 75 
 
 Now would it not be much bet- 
 ter, if it were with us as in fome 
 Parts of Europe -, where the Magi- 
 ftrates of many Cities agree upon 
 a certain Number of Apotheca- 
 ries, fo many as they can appre- 
 hend are neceflary, all the reft are 
 excluded, and muft either feek 
 other Seats, or be content for a 
 fmall Salary to work under thofe 
 that are allowed 5 their Apothe- 
 caries not being permitted to mul- 
 tiply by Apprentices, but one out of 
 the Shop is by the publick Autho- 
 rity appointed to fucceed in the 
 ^Employment. Hamburgh has but 
 one, Stockholm and Copenhagen four 
 or Five, Paris (which rivals London 
 in its Inhabitants) has but one or 
 two and fifty j they are from the 
 due Regard to the Safety of the 
 People exempted from Offices, 
 either troublefome or profitable, 
 that they may always be infped> 
 L z ing * 
 
[ 7*3 
 
 ing the Preparations, or com- 
 pounding of the Dofes, to pre- 
 vent the deadly Confequences of 
 fophifticated Medicines, or the fa- 
 tal Errors of one Compofition for 
 another, not eafily to be diftin- 
 guifhed : They are not permitted 
 to vifit the Sick, that they may 
 not be wanting from the Duties 
 of the Shop, or be tempted to 
 gratify themfelves as they pleafe 
 for the Trouble, by introducing 
 the Cuftom of taking too often of 
 the Bolus and Cordials. The Phy- 
 ficians Fees are fettled according 
 to the various Conditions and A- 
 bilities of the Patient 5 'tis not al- 
 low'd them to make any Advan- 
 tage by the arbitrary Rates of 
 Phyfick, whfti prepared by them- 
 felves, that the Patient and the 
 Bill may not be too much inflam'd 
 by a Profit on that fide, not eafily 
 to be limited or confined. I would 
 
 not 
 
[77 3 
 
 not be fufpe&ed to defign any 
 Prejudice to the careful and in- 
 duftrious Apothecary, (if fuch 
 there be) his Bufinefs requires the 
 greateft Diligence and Fidelity in 
 felecting the Drugs, and preparing 
 them faithfully according to the 
 Appointment of the Faculty, and 
 in making up the Dofes with that 
 juft Regard to the Life of the Sick, 
 that all Sufpicion of the leaft Mi- 
 ftake may be prevented, in the 
 Weight and Meafure, or the Num- 
 ber of Drops, <&c. But when the 
 Apothecary deferts his Station, is 
 always abroad, and leaves the 
 compounding Part to his unex- 
 perienc'd Apprentice, who can- 
 not avoid fometimes infufing one 
 thing for another, by which Er- 
 rors many are known to have loft 
 their Lives 5 when 'tis known that 
 the Prefcripts are made up of Me- 
 dicines bought by Wholefale of, 
 
 the 
 
c 78 
 
 the Chymift, and not made up 
 by the Apothecary himfelf, as is 
 too much the prefent Practice, 
 and confequently can't be known 
 to be made of all, and beft Ingre- 
 dients, but are fufpe&ed, becaufe 
 bought at low Prices j you will 
 doubt whether the Character of 
 an Apothecary can be given to 
 this new, and till lately unknown 
 Employment : When he neglects 
 the Bufmefs of his Trade, neither 
 prepares himfelf the Compositions, 
 nor forms the Dofes for them, to 
 be deliver d at the moft urgent 
 Occafions, but daringly under- 
 takes to advife in all Diftempers, 
 lie becomes an Emperic, and in- 
 vades a Profeflion which he can- 
 not be fuppofed to underftand. 
 
 And here give me Leave to be 
 
 ferious, in examining their general 
 
 Pradice in all Difeafes. Suppofe 
 
 /your felf to be troubled with any 
 
 Diftemper^ 
 
Diftemper, it matters not which, 
 for all is one to him you fend to 5 
 upon his Arrival he feels your 
 Pulfe, and with a fix'd Eye upon 
 your Countenance, tells you your 
 Spirits are low, and therefore it's 
 high time for a Cordial 5 the next 
 Interogatory he puts gravely to you 
 is. When was you at Stool, Sir ? 
 if not to Day, he promifes to fend 
 you a laxative Clyfter by and by 5 
 and if you complain you have a 
 Loofenefs, then inftead of one 
 laxative, he will fend you two 
 healing Clyfters : If befides you 
 intimate a Pain in your Stomach, 
 Back and Sides, then, refponding 
 to each Pain, you (hall have a 
 Stomach Plaifter, another for the 
 right Side, another for the left, 
 and one for the Back, and fo you 
 are like to have a large Patch and 
 well fortified round the Middle. 
 
 Now before we 20 fartherJet's com- 
 
 
 pute 
 
[8o] 
 
 Jnite the Charge of the firft Day i 
 There is the Cordial, compofed 
 by the Direction of fome old dufty 
 Bill on his File, out of two or 
 three mufly Waters (efpecially if 
 it be towards the latter End of 
 the Year, and that his Glatfes have 
 been ftopt with Corks) V/^. it 
 may be a, Citron, a Borrage and 
 a Baum Water, all very full of 
 Spirits, if River Water may be fo 
 accounted 5 to thefe is to be ad- 
 ded one Ounce of that miraculous 
 Treakle Water, then to ^be dif- 
 
 ' folved a Dram of Cottfeftft Alhrmes^ 
 and one Ounce of nauleous Syrup 
 of July-Flowers 5 this being well 
 fiiaked in the Vial, you (hall fpy 
 a great Quantity of Gold fwim- 
 ming in Leaves up and down, 
 for which your Confcience would 
 be burthened iliould you give 
 him lels than Five Shillings ; for 
 
 i from the meaneft Tradelman he 
 i experts, 
 
t 8. ] 
 
 exrpe&s, without Abatement ? Threc 
 and Six pence, the ordinary and 
 general Price of all Cordials, tW 
 confifting only of flaum Water 
 and half an Ounce of Syrup of 
 July-Flowers. Your Clyfter (hall 
 be prepared out of two or three 
 Handsful of Mallow Leaves and 
 one Ounce of common Fennil 
 Seeds, boiled in Water to a Pint, 
 which ftrained, fliall be thickned 
 with the common Eledxiary leni- 
 tive, Rape Oil and brown Sugar, 
 and fo ieafoned with Salt this 
 (hall be conveyed into your Guts 
 by the young Dodtor, his Mart, 
 through an Engine he commonly 
 carries about with him, and jnake 
 him fmell fo wholfome ; for which 
 Piece of Service if you prefentyour 
 Engineer with lefs than Half a 
 Crown, he will think hiirrfelf worfe 
 dealt with than thofe who empty 
 your neceflary Clofets in theNight 5 
 M the . 
 
[8, ] 
 
 the Mafter places to Account for 
 the Gut-Medicine (though it were 
 no more than Water and Salt) 
 and for the Ufe of his Man, which 
 he calls Porteridge, Eight Groats* 
 Item, For a Stomatick, Hepatick, 
 Splenetick, and a Nephretick Plai- 
 fter, for each Half a Crown : 
 What the Total of . this Day's 
 Phyfick does amount to you may 
 reckon. The next Afternoon or 
 livening the Apothecary returns 
 himfelf to give you a Vifit, (for 
 fliould he appear in the Morning, 
 it would argue he had little to do) 
 and finding, upon Examination, 
 you are rather worfe than better, 
 by Reafon thofe Planters caufed a 
 melting of the grofs Humours a- 
 bout the Bowels, and diffolved 
 them into Winds and Vapours, 
 which fuming to the Head, occa- 
 fion a great Head-ach, Dulnefs 
 and Drowfinefs, and Part of 'em 
 
 being 
 
being difperfed through the Guts 
 and Belly, difcompofe you with 
 a Cholick, a Swelling of your 
 Belly, and an univerfal Pain or 
 Laffitude over all your Limbs. 
 Thus you fee one Day makes 
 Work for another 5 however, he 
 hath the Wit to allure you, they are 
 Signs of the Operations of Yefter- 
 day 'sMeans,beginningto move and 
 diflolve the Humours 3 which fuc~ 
 cefsful Work is to be promoted 
 by a Cordial Apozem, the Repe- 
 tition of a carminative Clyfter, 
 another Cordial to take by Spoon- 
 fuls, and becaufe your Sleep has 
 been interrupted by the Unquiet- 
 nefs of fwelling Humours, he will 
 endeavour to procure you for this 
 next Night a Truce with your 
 Difeafe, by an Hypnotick Potion 
 that ftiall occafion Reft : Neither 
 will he give you any other Caufe 
 than to imagine him a moft careful^ 
 M 2 Man, 
 
C 
 
 Man, and fo circumfpeft, that 
 fcarce a Symptom ihall pafs his 
 particular Regard ^ and therefore 
 to remove your Head-ach by re- 
 trading the Humours, or rather, 
 as you are like to difcern beft, by 
 attra&ing Humours and Vapours, 
 he will order his young Mercury 
 to apply a Veficatory to the Nape 
 of your Neck, and with a warm 
 Hand to befraear your Belly and 
 all yourjoints with a good comfort- 
 able Ointment for to appeafe your 
 Pains : The Cordial Apozem is a 
 Decodion. that fliall derive its 
 Virtue from two or three unfa- 
 voury Roots, and as many Herbs 
 and Seeds, with a little Syrup of 
 July^Flqwers, for three or four 
 Times taking 3 which becaufe you 
 fliall not undervalue by having it 
 brought to you all in one Glafs, 
 you fliall have it fent you in fo 
 aiany yials and Draughts, and 
 
 for 
 
1 
 
 for every one of them fhall be 
 placed Thtf e Shillings to your . 
 own Account, which is five Parts 
 more than the Whole ftands him 
 in 3 for the Cordial Potion as 
 much 3 for the Hypnotick Potion 
 the fame Price 5 for your Carmi- 
 native Clyfter no lefs 3 and for the 
 EpifpaftickPlaifter a Shilling: Thus 
 with thelncreafe of yourDifeafe you 
 may perceive the Increafe of your 
 Bill 3 at)d therefore it's no impro- 
 per Obfervation, That the Apo- 
 thecaries Practice follow the Courfe 
 of the Moon. The third Day 
 produces an Addition of new 
 Symptoms, and an Augmentation 
 of the old onesj the Patient ftands 
 in need of new Comfort from his 
 Apothecary, who tells him, that 
 Nature begins now to work more 
 ftrong, and therefore all Things 
 go well (and never ill 3) but be- 
 c^ufe Nature requires all poflible 
 
 Affiftance 
 
[ 86] 
 
 Affiftance from Cordials and fmall 
 Evacuations, he muft expert to 
 have the fame Cordials over acrain, 
 but with the Addition of greater 
 Ingredients, it may be Magiftery 
 of Pearl,or Oriental Bezoar in Pow- 
 der, befides the Repetition of a 
 Clyfter, and the renewing of your 
 Plaifters, for the Profit of your 
 Phyfician, you muft be perfuaded 
 to accept of a comfortable Ele- 
 ftuary for the Stomach, to pro- 
 mote Digeftion 5 of a Collution 
 to wafli your Gums to fecure you 
 from the Scurvy, ferving at the 
 fame Time to wafli the Slime and 
 Filth from your Tongue 5 of a 
 Melilot Plaifter to apply to the 
 Blifter that was drawn the Night 
 fore 3 of fome Spirits of Salt to 
 drop into your Beer at Meals 5 
 of three Pills of Ruffi to be fwal- 
 lowed dow 7 n that Night, and three 
 next Morning, which poffibly may 
 
pleafure you with three Stools, but 
 are to be computed at two Dofes, 
 each at a Shilling 5 the Spirit of 
 Salt a Crown the Ounce 5 for the 
 Stomach Eleduary as much, for 
 theCly fters as before 3 for your Cor- 
 dial in relation to the Pearl and 
 Bezoar, their Weight in Gold, 
 which is Two-pence a Grain, the 
 greateft Cheat of my whole Dif- 
 courfe 3 for drefling your Blifter a 
 Shilling 3 for the Plaifter as former- 
 ly. Here I prefume that Candour in 
 you, as not to believe me fo difin- 
 genuous, as to take the Advan- 
 tage of Apothecaries in producing 
 any other than the beft Methods 
 of their Practice, and that which 
 favours the leaft of their Frauds, 
 for in Comparifon with others 
 (though theie are very palpable, 
 in regard there is not a valuable 
 Confideration regarded as a quid pro 
 quo} they are fuch as may be judg- 
 ed 
 
L 88 ] 
 
 ed paflable 5 yet when you are to 
 reflect upon the Total that (hall 
 arife on the Arithmetical Progref- 
 fion of Charge of a Fortnights Phy- 
 fick, modeftly computed at about 
 Fifteen Shillings a Day, -without 
 the Inclufion of what you pleafe to 
 prefent him for his Care, Trouble, 
 and Attendance, I will not har- 
 bour fo ill an Opinion of him, or 
 give fo rigid a Cenfure as your felf 
 ftiall upon the following Oration 
 your Clyfterpipe Do6lor delivers 
 to you with a melancholy Accent, 
 in thefe Terms : Sir, I have made 
 ufe of my beft Skill and Endea- 
 vours, I have been an Apothe- 
 cary thefe twenty Years, and up- 
 wards, and have ieen the beft 
 Pra6tice of our beft London Phy- 
 iiciansj my Mafter was fuch a 
 
 one, Mr. one of the ableft 
 
 Apothecaries of the City 3 I have 
 
 given you the beft Cordials tha^ 
 
 2, eanr 
 
, 
 
 can be prefcrib'd 5 'tis at your In- 
 ftance I did it, I can do no more^ 
 and indeed it is more properly the 
 Work of a Phyfician 3 your Cafe 
 is dangerous, and I think, if yoii 
 fent for fuch a one, Dr. ~~ he is 
 a very pretty Man < if you pleafe 
 I will get him to come down. 
 Now, Sir, how beats your Pulfe ? 
 The Lofs of your Monies your 
 Bills import, give Addition to your 
 Pain, through the Remembrance it 
 is due to one that hath fool'd you 
 out of it, and defer vd it no other 
 way, than by adding Wings to 
 your grofs Humours that before 
 lay dormant, and now fly ramp- 
 ant up and down, raking, and 
 raging 3 which had you not been 
 Penny wife and Pound foolifli, 
 you would have prevented by 
 lending for a Phyfician, who for 
 the fmall Merit of a City^Fee 
 (for which you might alfo have t 
 N expected 
 
' C 9 ] 
 
 expe&ed two Vifits) would have 
 ftruck at the Root of the Diftem- 
 per, without tampering at its 
 Symptoms, or Branches, and by 
 Virtue of one Medicine, reftor d 
 you to your former Condition of 
 Health from which you are now 
 fo remote, being neceflitated, con- 
 fid ering your doubtful State, to be 
 at the Charge of a Phyfician or 
 two, to whom, upon Examina- 
 tion of what hath been done be- 
 fore, the Apothecary (hall hum- 
 bly declare, he hath given you 
 nothing but Cordials 5 which Word 
 Cordial, he fuppofes to be a fuf- 
 ficient Protection for his erroneous 
 Practice 5 and I muft tell you, 
 that had his Cordial Method been 
 continu'd in a Fever, or any o~ 
 ther acute Diftemper, for eight or 
 ten Days, your Heirs would have 
 been particularly obliged to him 
 for giving you a Cordial Remove 
 
 out 
 
C 9' 3 
 
 out of your Poflfeflion, and that 
 through Omiflion of thofe two 
 great Remedies, Purging and 
 Bleeding, the exact Ufe whereof, 
 in refpeft of Time and Quantity, 
 and other Circumftances, can on- 
 ly be determined by accomplifli'd 
 Phyficians. 
 
 I cannot better defcribe their 
 Unaptnefs for fo great a Work, 
 nor exprefs the great Difficulties 
 that muft be conquered to deferve 
 the firft Character of a compleat 
 Phyfician, than in the Words of 
 that eminent and learned Phyfician 
 Dr. Fuller $ l It requires (fays he) 
 
 * to underftand the learned Lan- 
 ' guages, Natural Philofophy, all 
 c the Parts of the Body, and the 
 t Animal Oeconorny, the Nature, 
 
 * Caufes, Times, Tendencies, 
 Symptoms^ Diognofticks, and 
 
 c Prognofticks of Difeafes, the In- 
 
 * dications of Cure, and contra 
 
 N 2 ' In- ' 
 
I 9*1 
 
 Indications, the Rules of Errors 
 
 of living as to the Six Non-na- 
 
 ; turals 5 we muft have the Skill 
 
 to judge to whom, for what, 
 
 : when, how much, how often to 
 
 : prefcribe Bleeding, Vomiting, 
 
 ' Purging, Sweating, and other 
 
 c Evacuations 5 as alfo to Opiates, 
 
 ' Calybiates, Cortex, and the 
 
 * numberlefs other Alteratives : 
 
 * We muft be very well acquaint- 
 1 ed with the Virtues, Faults, Pre- 
 ' parations, Compofitions, and 
 
 * Dofes of Vegetables, Animals, 
 
 * Minerals, and all Shop Medi- 
 ' cinesj and laftly, to compleat 
 ' all, muft be able, upon every 
 
 * emergent Occafion, to write a 
 
 * Bill for a Patient, readily, per- 
 c tinently, and in Form according 
 ' to Art. Now to accomplifh all 
 ^ this, a Man had need be rightly 
 
 * born, and fet out by Nature, 
 J with a peculiar Genius, and par- 
 
 4 ticular 
 
C95 3 
 
 c ticular Fitnefs, and witH a ftrong 
 c prevailing Inclination to this 
 c Study and Practice above all 
 c others. 
 
 c He muft endeavour with Dili- 
 c gence, Sagacity and Gravity, In- 
 c tegrity, and jfuch a convenient 
 c Brisknefs and Courage as will bear 
 * him up, and carry him through 
 c Difficulties, without prefumptu- 
 c ous Raftmefs or barbarous Hard- 
 c heartednefs 3 and then 'tis necef- 
 c fary he fliould be a Man of a 
 c competent Eftate, to anfwer the 
 c great Expence of Education and 
 4 Expectation 3 for he muft be 
 c brought up directly in it from the 
 c Beginning of his Studies in the 
 c Univerfity 5 he muft lay out all 
 c his Time and Talents upon Read- 
 c ing, Advifing, Obferving, Expe- 
 c rimenting, Reafoning, Remem- 
 ' bering, with an unwearied Labour 
 J of Body and Application of Mind 5 
 
 c he 
 
C 94 3 
 
 * he muft run through Courfes of 
 c Anatomy, Botany, Chymiftry 
 4 and Gaknick Pharmacy: And when 
 ' he hath done all this, cannot 
 ' handfomely compleat himfelf,ex- 
 ' cept he fee good Variety of others 
 
 * practife, -which (by the by) it's 
 
 * probable he will have more Time 
 
 * for than he could wifh, before he 
 ' can get any of his own. 
 
 Now each of thofe imgly will 
 require a great deal of Pains, Ex- 
 pence and Time to be attained 5 
 and yet all thefe and much more 
 that can be in fhort fummed up, 
 ought to be done and in fome 
 meafure accompliflied, before a 
 Man can be rightly and duly qua- 
 lified even to begin Practice. 
 
 And as to Matter of Fad:, few 
 (very few, God knows) there have 
 been, or now are, who tho' they 
 fpared not for Education or Dili- 
 gence, ever work themfelves up 
 
 to 
 
[95] 
 
 to a tolerable Sufficiency : Nay, 
 Hippocrates himfelf, that great Ge- 
 nius, is not afhamed to confefs, 
 in an Epiftle to Democritut, That 
 though he was now got to Old 
 Age and to the End of Life, yet 
 he was not got to the End of 
 Phyfick 5 no, nor was JEfculapiut 
 neither, the Inventor of it. 
 
 By all which, it's undeniably 
 evident, that the Science and Pra- 
 ctice of Phyfick is one of the 
 largeft Studies, and moft difficult 
 Undertakings in the World 5 and 
 confecjuently, not any the belt 
 Collection of Prefcripts that ever 
 was, will, or can be writ or print- 
 ed, can alone make a compleat 
 Phyfician, any more than good 
 Colours and Pencils alone can 
 make a fine Painter. And yet 
 every illiterate Fellow and paltry 
 Goifip that can make fliift to 
 patch up a Parcel of pitiful Re- t 
 ^ ceipts, 
 
ceipts, have the Impudence and 
 Villainy to venture at it 5 and in 
 hopes of a good Pig, Goofe or 
 Basket of Chickens, ftiall boldly 
 ftake their Skill (forfooth) againft 
 Mens Lives, and lofe them 5 and 
 at the fame Time fcandalize and 
 keep out true Phyficians,that might 
 probably fave them. 
 
 And this leads me to the third 
 Confideration, The great Danger 
 and Damage occafioned by the 
 irafri tampering of fuch as are not 
 educated rightly and qualified for 
 it. 
 
 You that enter not by the Door 
 into the Profeflion, but climb up 
 fome other Way, ought to take it 
 into your moft ferious Thoughts, 
 that Miftakes and Mifmanagement 
 in fo difficult a Bufinefs eafily 
 happen often the Mifchiefs occa- 
 fioned thereby are impollible to 
 ! be retrieved and being upon the 
 
 Body, 
 
[971 
 
 Body, perhaps Mind of Man, 
 fometimes produce fuch undoing 
 Mifery, fuch deplorable Ruin, as 
 would make even an Heart of 
 Stone break and bleed, and Death 
 to think of it. Suppofe one fliould 
 lofe his Limbs or Health, and live 
 unhappily in Pain, Sick or Bed- 
 rid all his Days through your im- 
 proper Applications or ignorant 
 Omiflionsj Would it not turn your 
 very Bowels within you, and make 
 you wifti a thoufand times you 
 had never been that unadvised 
 Bufie-body to ad: thus fooliflily 
 and unfortunately ? 
 
 But put the Cafe again : You 
 behold a dead Man (which to me 
 is the moft lamentable of all la- 
 mentable Spectacles upon Earth) 
 I fay, put Cafe a poor dead Man 
 were laid before your Eyes, that 
 your Heart tells you might pro- 
 bably have lived many a fair Year, 
 O had* 
 
[ 98 ] 
 
 had it not been for your phyfick- 
 ing of him : Such a Sight, fuch a 
 Thought, (if you have the leaft 
 Humanity left) cannot fail to 
 pierce your very Soul 5 and ever 
 after the Remembrance, yea, the 
 evil Confcience of it muft haunt 
 you and give you Horror and 
 Terror, and a fort of Hell to your 
 dying Hour. 
 
 Perhaps it may be an only and 
 hopeful Son, in whofe Life his 
 aged Parents Lives were bound 
 up 5 and they die too, or linger 
 out a miferable Life in Sorrow and 
 Anguifli worfe than Death. 
 
 Perhaps the good Father of a 
 many little Orphans, who being 
 poor and now helplefs, muft pi- 
 tioufly perifti, or being fallen in- 
 to bad Hands, and cheated of what 
 was left them, may ftiffer Pover- 
 ty, Contempt, Injury and Mifery 
 all their Life long. 
 
 Perhaps 
 
Perhaps a Wife, who might 
 have brought forth an ufeful emi- 
 nent Man, a Hero of his Genera- 
 tion, and the Head of fplendid 
 Families 5 and fo the Mifchief you 
 do may fall upon not only the 
 prefent but future Ages. 
 
 But Poilibilities and putting of 
 Cafes are endlefs, the Upflhot of 
 all this, if you take upon you to 
 cure the Sick, and be not licenfed 
 and otherwife qualified for it, if 
 you prefumptuoufly thruft in your 
 felf, and bar out another that is 
 authorized and able, though no 
 ill Event chance thereupon, yet 
 well it might, and was likely to 
 do fo for all you 3 and therefore 
 good Providence that protected 
 
 your Patient, and fenced off the 
 
 j * 
 
 Evils, is alone to be thanked, and 
 you neverthelefs to be blamed. 
 
 But if Death enfue your arro- 
 gant Intermeddling and pernicious 
 O 2 Quack- 
 
Quackery., be afiured of it, 'tis a 
 fort of Murder in the Court of 
 Confcience, and probably will be 
 adjudged fo in the laft Great 
 Court. 
 
 This is not my private Opinion 
 only, but the Judgment and De- 
 cifion of the Legiflature of our 
 Land 3 for the Trejent State of Eng- 
 land tells us, That by the Law 
 of England^ if one who is no Phy- 
 ficiah or Surgeon, and not exprefly 
 allow d to practife, {hall take up- 
 on him a Cure, and his Patient 
 die under his Hands, this is Felo- 
 ny in the Perlon prefummg fo to 
 do. 
 
 'Tis not enough for you to fay, 
 If I can do no Good, I'll do no 
 Hurt, (which you may as well 
 invert, and lay, If I do no Hurt 
 Til. do no Good) no, you inter- 
 lope, you injure the Faculty, you 
 t difcourage Education, you keep 
 
 out 
 
10 1 ] 
 
 out better Advice, you trifle with - 
 Mens Lives, you lofe the golden 
 Opportunity, you prolong the 
 Cafe 'till it gets head, and grows 
 incurable and mortal, or elfe ex- 
 tremely hazardous and almoil 
 helplefs 5 and this is doing Hurt 
 with a Vengeance. 
 
 To bring this home to you, and 
 make it more plain. If an Houfe 
 be on Fire, and you come and pre- 
 tend to put it out your felf, and 
 abfolutely keep off others, and 
 then fling in Duft inftead of Wa- 
 ter, and fo the Flame getsMaftery5 
 in this Cafe, though you did not 
 dire&ly intend any pofitive Hurt, 
 though you did not actually pour 
 in Oil, nor ftir and blow up the 
 Coals 5 yet forafmuch as you 
 would needs be an Undertaker, 
 and could not extinguifli it your 
 felf, and fuffered not others, ufed 
 to andskiird in the Bufinefs, who t 
 
 coming 
 
[ 102 ] 
 
 coming with Water and proper 
 Engines, might have done it, you 
 are really and truly the Caufe of 
 it being burnt. 
 
 Think not to excufe your felf 
 by pretending you did it out of 
 Charity, and meant well, though 
 it fell out ill 5 no, no, be it known 
 to you, fuch a Charity as did not 
 appertain to you, and proved 
 murderous, was unpardonable Pre- 
 fumption, and therefore will not 
 cover the multitude of Sins. 
 
 If you are not Sufficient for thofe 
 Things, you'll do well and wife- 
 ly to defift from this difficult and 
 dangerous Practice, and fall into 
 fuch a Trade of Life as you well 
 tinderftand and rightly can ma- 
 nage. 'And then like the Men 
 who ufed curious Arts (A&s xix. r 9.) 
 you may burn all your Receipt- 
 Books; fo fliall you keep your 
 i Innocence, fave your Conscience, 
 
 fecure 
 
fecure your Quiet, and yet referve 
 Room enough to exercife your 
 Charity. 
 
 For if at any Time your Heart 
 move you to pity and fuccour a 
 poor fick Neighbour that can't pay 
 for Advice, there will be no Ne- 
 ceflity that you fliould try your 
 Skill upon him, 'till you mifchief 
 or murder him by way of Cha- 
 rity. Do but you fend him a 
 Phyfician, Medicines and Necek 
 iaries without Hope of Requital j 
 and truft me, that will be an hand- 
 fome Affiftance, moft nobly be- 
 coming a generous Mind and a 
 charitable Man. 
 
 Now that not one of our Apo- 
 thecaries, or indeed very few of 
 our modern Traders in Phyfick, 
 have thefe requifite Endowments, 
 I (hall leave it to any confederate 
 Perfon to judge of 5 and how far 
 they ftretch beyond their Know- 
 ledge, 
 
C I0 4 
 
 ledge, we have a many miferable 
 Objects in our daily View, woful 
 Inftances of their great Raflinefs, 
 Folly and Ignorance. 
 
 That the Profeffion has funk in- 
 to the Craft of deceiving, and a- 
 mufing, and making Profit by 
 new Medicines, or ufelefs Prepa- 
 rations brought into faftiion, and 
 highly efteem d, as long as the 
 Mode of crying them up (hall laft, 
 and the Fallacy which impofes 
 them can fupport it, the unhap- 
 py People fuflfer themfelves to be 
 deluded, and cheated of their 
 Lives, and their Money. The 
 Rich pleafe themfelves that they 
 can purchafe the Alexipharmic, 
 which has Power to controul the 
 Difeafe, and have not any Doubt 
 within themfelves, that by the 
 often life, their Lives become al~ 
 moft immortal 5 they look down 
 with fome fmall Pity on the Vul- 
 
. 
 
 gar, who they think muft die 
 before them, being not able to pay 
 the Ranfom. They pleafe them-* 
 felves, becaufe Health and Life are 
 of the higheft Demands for thefe 
 Rarities peculiar to them. The 
 Gentlemen of both the higher and 
 lower Faculty have not been want- 
 ing to make ufe of the Credulity 
 and Weaknefs of the richer Pa-* 
 tients 3 and I (hall now lay open 
 to your great Surprize, that the 
 moft defpicable and ufeiefs Stuff 
 have been brought into the high- 
 eft Efteem to be rely'd on in the 
 moft difficult and dangerous Di- 
 {tempers. 
 
 And F/r/?, of the e^r-Stone* 
 an obvious Inftance of our Engitjk 
 Pradlice, from whence you may 
 concur with the Phyficians abroad, 
 with what Skill, and Art, and 
 Integrity the Profeflfion conti- 
 nues to be pra&ifed here. 
 
 P 
 
C 106] 
 
 (which has neither Smell 
 nor Tafte, and upon taking into 
 the Stomach gives no Senfation 
 perceivable) has held its Name 
 and Reputation almoft facred with 
 us, though exploded long fince in 
 almoft all Parts of Europe. The 
 French are well convinced that 
 they have been impos'd upon by 
 the trading Phyficians returning 
 from the Indies, to take off the 
 pretty Trifle at a very great Price j 
 they had made it to be admired, 
 by afferting that it was able to en- 
 counter Poifons, that no malig- 
 nant Diftempers were able to refift 
 its loveraign Virtues 3 but their 
 overdoing, ipoilt their Market, the 
 more curious and v/ifer Part of 
 the Nation difcerning the Abufe, 
 had the Opportunity of promoting 
 the Experiment, which they pro- 
 cured by the King's Command, 
 two Criminals who had Poifon 
 , i given 
 
C I0 7 
 
 given them, with Promife of Life, 
 if Be%oar could procure their Par- 
 don. They loft their 'Lives, and 
 the Phyficians and the Stone their 
 Reputations. The greateft and 
 moft learned abroad have freely 
 own'd that they have been de- 
 ceiv'd by it, but their Patients 
 much more, who had ufed ic 
 without Succefs, and any ob- 
 fervable Effect 
 
 Dodor (ZWi tells you, he has 
 left the Ufe of it many Years, and 
 had given to better Purpofe, the 
 more powerful and certain Cor- 
 dials taken from Plants ; and fup- 
 ports his Opinion with the Suffra- 
 ges of Cafper^ Baulrinus, Caff). Hof- 
 manus, (fyftius, Fabricius 5 The learn- 
 ed and judicious Deemoebreck in his 
 Treatife of the Peftilence, declares 
 he had no Regard to it, that he 
 gave it often abjque ullo fruttu, wo- 
 mbat aliquo modo exiguum duntaxit 
 P 2 Judorem. 
 
C 
 
 fudorem. It did, fays he, no good to 
 thofe who ufed it 5 fcarcely mov'd 
 fo much as a little Sweat : It was 
 of the beft Parcel chofen of any 
 coming from the Indies, or ever 
 was fent to Europe, but gave them 
 not the leaft Relief though they 
 had promifed themfelves the great- 
 eft from it : To confirm his Opi- 
 nion that it is worth nothing, he 
 produces the Opinion of Hercules 
 Saxonias,2ind Crato Phyfician to three 
 Emperors, and refers you to ma- 
 ny others. Doctor (patin, late Roy- 
 al Profeflbr of Phyfick in Paris, 
 decides the Pretences to its being 
 of any kind of life : He fays it 
 neither ftirs the Blood, nor puts 
 the Spirits in any Motion 3 befides, 
 fome of the above-nam'd Phyfici- 
 ans, he appeals to the Judgment 
 of many others, and his own Ex-* 
 perience of more than thirty Years. 
 The lately corrected Leewardens 
 
 Difpen- 
 
I0 9 3 
 
 Difpenfatory leaves it out of their 
 GaJ coins Powder , condemning it as 
 a ufelefs and frivolous Ingre- 
 dient. 
 
 Boutin* tells you, that if we muft 
 give Stones, we ought to put a 
 greaterValue upon thofe cut out of 
 the Bladders of Man, a more no- 
 ble Creature, fed with Meat of 
 the higheft Nourifliment, and his 
 Spirits warm'd with Wine, than 
 that of a Goat ftarving upon the 
 Mountains. He aflures you that 
 he has given the $e%par, from the 
 Gall or the Bladder, with better 
 Effed than he ever obferv'd of thofe 
 from the Indies. The Phyficians 
 who firft began the Amufement 
 and Cheat, made themfelves ri- 
 diculous by dreading to give fora 
 Dofe more than five, or fix, or 
 feven Grains : You may take for- 
 ty or fifty with no other Advan- 
 tage or Alteration than your Ima-, 
 
 gination 
 
gination (hall raife 5 and with the 
 lame Effect, ten times as much 
 more. It may, with modern Ob- 
 fervers, pafs for a Sweater, and a 
 Cordial, when they have given it 
 with good Cordials, and Sweaters, 
 but the moft vifible Operation it 
 has, is feen when the Bill is paid. 
 Our Phyficians in their private 
 Converfations, talk of it as a thing 
 Altogether worthlefs j but becaufe 
 the People are willing to be cheat- 
 ed with < Be%oar and Pearl, they 
 dare not entertain a Thought of 
 undeceiving them, fearing the 
 Confequence to their own Difad- 
 vantage : And I pray with what 
 Art can the high Rate of Medi- 
 cines be maintain'd, if the World 
 could not be amufed with the Ima- 
 gination of being kept alive in all 
 the Diftempers, by the Force of 
 thefe two ? 
 
 Pearl 
 
Pearl is a Difeafe in a Shell- 
 Fifh, as Bezpar is in the Quadruped; 
 They are very different in Shape 
 and Bulk, the whiteft and moft 
 glittering are moft in Efteem ; the 
 nckly Fancy conceits it will re- 
 vive the Blood as it pleafes the 
 Eye $ and that it will brisk up the 
 Spirits and Mind, when it reflects 
 on its being dear and fafhionable. 
 But this has been defpis'd by ;the 
 honeft Phyficians, who prefcribe 
 for the Cure of their Patients. The 
 famous (Plater, after the Experience 
 of a many Years Practice, rejects 
 the pretended Virtues of Pearl, or 
 Metals, which have no Tafte or 
 Smell, to give the lead Pretence 
 to rank them with the Vegetable 
 Alexipharmicks. 
 
 Moft of our Writers are of his 
 Sentiment, and give it only a. 
 common Place with the others 
 ulually prefcnb'd in the Heart- 
 burning * 
 
. 
 
 burning, or windy four Humour 
 offending the upper Orifice of the 
 Stomach : But the Shell of the Fifli 
 that breeds them, pretends to, and 
 is allowed by all our beft Authors 
 to have the fame Virtues. Na- 
 ture has been Very liberal in this 
 Sort of AVi 5 all the Shell-fifti, 
 all the Claws of Crabs, or the Tips, 
 if you pleafe to value them moft, 
 the two Stones of the Craw-fifli, 
 and the Shells of Eggs are directed 
 frequently with the Pearl : The 
 two Corals, &c. and the nume- 
 rous Earths of the abforbing Kind, 
 the Chalk, the Maries, are judged 
 by many preferable to it, or are 
 uied with the fame Succefs : So 
 that we have the greateft Reafon 
 to believe, that the debauched 
 Practice of the Englifh Prefervers 
 of Health have made ufe of it, 
 with Deiign to extract Sums out of 
 the Purfe, rather than of making 
 
 the 
 
. ... "3 1 
 
 the Crafis of the Blood better, of 
 the Spirits more vivacious ^ and 
 if you have Oyfter-Shells or Crabs- 
 Eyes in its Stead, which are gene- 
 rally made ufe of under that Name, 
 they will have the fame, if not a 
 better Effect. 
 
 Gold is by our Chyrhical Wri- 
 ters ftil'd the Sun, and the King of 
 Metals. The Kings and Princes 
 of the laft Age were arrius'd and 
 defrauded, their Lives made leis 
 durable than their Subjects, whd 
 were beneath the Ufe of Gold 
 the Chicken they eat had the Hap- 
 pinefs to be fed with it, that they 
 might extract the Sulphur and 
 prepare it by their Circulation, 
 and volatize it for their Ufe. Buc 
 the Phyficians were cdntented td 
 colled all the Gold which paft 
 unaltered and Undirriiriimed thro' 
 the Poultry, into their Pockets. 
 This, with many other Artifices 
 Q, 
 
C 4 
 
 of this Stamp, are by many laid 
 aiide, becaufe the Publick begin 
 to be fenfible that the Gold, as 
 the Bezpar and the Pearl, were of 
 more Cordial Virtue to the Ad- 
 vifer and Confederates than to the 
 Subject of their Care and Atten- 
 dance. 
 
 The Awum potabile is fometime 
 the Entertainment of Converfa- 
 tion, when the poor Alcymifts or 
 their vain Pretenfions are confi- 
 dered ; there being no Humour 
 in any Animal which can alter or 
 diffolve it, no Effect or Operation 
 can be expected from it, it de- 
 ludes the Eye and Fancy in the 
 Cordial Waters, and on the Bolus 
 and Electuaries, but muft pafs 
 away fooner or later as it adheres 
 more or lefs to the Stomach or 
 Bowels, without acting or being 
 acted on in any Part of the Body 5 
 
 the Pills, either purgative or cor- 
 
 1-1 
 ^ dial, 
 
C "5.] 
 
 dial, are as often difmift entire, 
 having been covered with Leaf- 
 Gold, which is able, though thin, 
 to difmifs the moft fubtil and pe- 
 netrating Parts of all Humours. 
 The Value of the Leaf is not 
 worth your Enquiry, the Book 
 being fold at a low Price. The 
 Fulminating Powder is a rough 
 violent Medicine, and has been 
 lately neglected, and given Place 
 to others more ufeful and lefs dan- 
 gerous. 
 
 Silver and Lunar Pills are as 
 vile and difregardlefs as Gold, 
 when they are considered with 
 relation to the Cure of Difeafes. 
 
 The precious Stones have con- 
 ftantly been put into the old Re- 
 ceipts by that Sort of Writers who 
 prefcribe every Medicine very 
 faithfully, and defign to pleafe 
 and amufe the Readers with the 
 Bulk and Length of the Prefcri- t 
 
 ption 5 
 
ption 5 but they have been ne^ 
 glected by the practical Authors, 
 who had the Trouble of confider- 
 ing, that no Manner of Yertue 
 could be expected from fo hard 
 and therefore impenetrable Bodies 5 
 as the Diamond, Ruby, Hyacinth, 
 the Sapphire, the Smargad and 
 Topaz, t?c. who are not capable 
 pf a Diffolution, and of altering 
 qr acting upon the Fluids, and as 
 jt is moft certain that many very 
 cheap Medicines have greater and 
 more qbfervable Effe&s, it's ridi- 
 culous to give a hard gritty Pow- 
 der, which may for many Rea- 
 fons corrode and offend the Sto- 
 mach and Bowels in their Paflfage. 
 Among the many Foreign Ve- 
 getables imported here, I muft take 
 Notice of Sarfaparilla, as it has 
 had the Preference before many 
 others, efpecially of our own 
 
 Growth, in many difficult and 
 
 , ^-> - * - - - - * - . 
 
 chro- 
 
. 
 
 chronical Cafes, will have ob 
 tain'd its Credit and Reputation 
 by being in good Company, and 
 by being prefcrib'd with the cheap- 
 eft Drugs, but of the greateft Vir- 
 tues, Vt%. Guiacum, Safaphras, 
 China, and the Seeds of many 
 moft ufeful Plants. If it has been 
 by it felf beneficial, in the Practice 
 or the Weft-Indies, it has loft its 
 Qualities in the Paflage into the 
 colder Climates, being a foft and 
 thin Root, it may evaporate and 
 exhale its moft active Parts 5 ma- 
 ny of the late Writers have given 
 this Judgment of it, that it is nul- 
 Hits Saporis vel Odoris, of no Smell 
 or Tafte. 
 
 The Phyficians have not yet 
 done, but contrive to thruft into 
 the Stomachs of their Patients, 
 not only the moft loathfome, but 
 the Parts of Animals, which after 
 their Death, are void of all Spi* 
 
 rits 
 
[ 118 ] 
 
 rits or Oils, and are a dry and 
 unactive Earth. 
 
 Of the firft Sort, Mummy claims 
 the Precedence 5 this has had the 
 Honour to be worn in the Bofom 
 next to the Heart, by the Kings 
 and Princes, and all thofe who 
 could then bear the Price the laft 
 Age in all the Courts of Europe $ 
 'twas prefented with the greateft 
 Affurance, that it was able to pre- 
 ferve from the moft deadly Infe- 
 ftions, and that the Heart was fe- 
 cured by it from all the Kinds of 
 Malignity: They expected long 
 Life from the decayed, or dead, 
 Spices, and Balfams, and Gums, 
 and the Piece of the dead Body of 
 an Egyptian Prince, or of a Slave 
 preferred by him : If taken in- 
 wardly, it was avow'd to be able 
 to diflblve the Blood coagulated, 
 to give new Life and Motion to all 
 t the Spirits. The dry'd Hearts of 
 
 many 
 
C 9 3 
 
 many Animals, the Livers, the 
 Spleens burnt to a Powder 5 the 
 Skins of the Stomachs, or Guts of 
 Cocks; and Worms, and the dry'd 
 Lungs of Foxes, ought to be re- 
 jected as loathfome and offenfive 
 without any Qualities to amend, 
 by the Expectation of any Ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 The Powder of Vipers by it 
 felf, and in the Troches, will de- 
 ferve a more ftrict Examination, 
 becaufe it is not only depended on 
 in many Chronical Difeafes, but 
 the Life of the Patient in the Acute 
 and Peftilential is betray 'd and 
 loft, if it has no alexiterial Pow- 
 ers to expel the Malignity, or fup- 
 port the natural Vigour. But as 
 the Flefh of all Animals, and Fifli, 
 when dry'd, have exhal'd the Vo- 
 latile Spirits with the Moifture, 
 and nothing remains but the Skins 
 and Fibres, and are capable of 
 
 giving' 
 
giving very little Nourishment td 
 the Blood, and are very difficult 
 to be diflblv'd, or digefted in the 
 Stomach : You may conclude, by 
 trying when in Health, if Vipers 
 will lupport your Strengh, or if 
 eating of the Flefli in all the Kinds 
 of Cookery, will pleafe the Palate 
 more than the common Food, 
 what you may hope from the dry 
 Powder, or the Cake of it with 
 Salt and Meal, (and the Troches 
 of Vipers are no more) when your 
 Fever calls for the beft Alexiphar- 
 mick. You may to this compare 
 the Skulls of dead Men, now pre- 
 fum'd to command the Epilepfies, 
 and other violent Dileafes, if the 
 Skull has been long in Powdefj 
 Or has long furviv'd the Crimi- 
 nal, the Spirits diftill'd from it, 
 are not ftronger than thofe from 
 the Horn of a Stag, or the Spirits 
 >of Urin by it lelf, or from Sal Ar- 
 
 moniack i 
 
121 ] 
 
 moniack : the Shell of the Head 
 preferves the Brains, and the Pow-> 
 der {hall not fail to preferve the 
 Spirits of all the Brains which can 
 be perfwaded to ufe it. 
 
 What can you think will be the 
 Succefs, from the Ufe of the Neft 
 of the Swallow, or the Caft off 
 Skin of a Serpent; your Thoughts 
 will naturally reflect on the per- 
 fidious Fourbery of making great 
 Gain from the Bubbles put on the 
 Sick, or the vile Negligence of 
 the reft who have fuffer'd the fa* 
 tal Amufements to be at laft con* 
 firmed by Cuftom. 
 
 After thefe it may feent needlefs 
 to fpeak of the gainful Induftry^ 
 which has brought the Horns of 
 the Elk, the Bufalo, Rhinoceros^ 
 and of the Unicorn's Horn, which 
 is no other than the Bone of a 
 Fifli, and has been thought fuf- 
 ficient alone to expel all Poifons $ 
 
[ 122 ] 
 
 or the Hoofs of the Elk and the 
 Ounce, or the. Bone of the Hart 
 of a Stag, the Effect of his old 
 Age 5 or the Jaw-bones of the 
 Pyke, <&c. or the Ancle-bones of 
 the Hares and Boars, <&c. with 
 the Eagle-Stone, and thofe for the 
 Cramp, and Convuliions, and 
 Cholicks, the great Afliftance from 
 your Amulets, and abounding No- 
 flrums, cannot fufficiently Be de- 
 rided. 
 
 Of the fimple diftilTd Waters, 
 one hundred and fifty are ap- 
 pointed to be made, the greateft 
 Part of them are not now prepar'd 5 
 and indeed they are found of no 
 Ufe, but to increafe the Bulk of 
 the Julep, with the hot and com- 
 pound Waters 3 the Milk Water is 
 now ordered for that Defign, and 
 becaufe as much Money can be 
 procur'd from it, as from all the 
 Variety of the other, this in 
 2 the 
 
the ufual Practice almoft fupplies 
 the Place of all the reft. You 
 may run over the vaft Number of 
 the Galenical Preparations and Com- 
 pofitions, as they are improperly 
 ftiled 5 they are almoft feven 
 hundred, to be kept till they be 
 corrupt, and be viewed as the old 
 rufty and rotten Weapons of an 
 ancient Armory 5 they are now 
 reduc'd to, and the Shop is fup- 
 pofed to be made up with about 
 One hundred and fifty : But if the 
 infipid SimpleWaters, and the fiery 
 ungrateful Compound Waters fliall 
 be thrown afide, and the Simple 
 Milk Water, with five or fix Cor- 
 dialTin&ures, ftiall be kept for life, 
 and the other Tindture appointed 
 by the Phyfician, with refped to 
 the Circumftances of the Patient : 
 If only three or four Syrups and 
 Conferves, and Powders, and Pills, 
 and Oils, and Ointments, and 
 R z Plaifters, * 
 
C I 
 
 Plaifters in that Number, in Imi- 
 tation of the Prudence and Inte- 
 grity of the Foreign Phyficians 
 who have contracted their Difpen- 
 fatories, {hall be order'd, in the 
 moft rational, and efficacious 
 Forms, to receive the Addition of 
 -all the natural Powders, Balfams, 
 Gums, or the Chymical Medi- 
 cines, the Apothecary will have 
 his Trouble very much leflened, 
 and with lefs Expence 5 the Patient 
 will have his Difeafe much fooner 
 cured, and his Life much better 
 preferved. 
 
 By this time we prefume the 
 Reader is convinc'd, that private 
 Intereft too often influences many 
 of our Modern Phyficians, and 
 makes them prefcribe fuch Medi- 
 cines as tend moft to the Apothe- 
 caries Gain, becaufe the People 
 give the Apothecary Power of ap- 
 pointing the Phylician 5 we have 
 f {hewn 
 
C "5 3 
 
 fliewn that thofe ccftly pretended 
 Medicines, which fo much raife the 
 Sum in the Bill, have no real Vir- 
 tuej that the greateft Part of the moft 
 fenative grow in our own Gardens 5 
 that if fome few are fetch d from 
 foreign Parts, they are ufed in fo 
 fmall Quantities, that the Dofes 
 are of the lowed Price : And con- 
 fequently you will very plainly 
 fee, that the long and high charg'd 
 Bill after a Fit of Sicknefs, is more 
 the Effect of the Collufion betwixt 
 the Doctor and Apothecary, to- 
 gether with your own Folly of 
 defiring of it, than either the Prices 
 of the Medicine, or the Neceflity 
 of fo many Doles. 
 
 I dare fay, my Reader now 
 thinks it high time to take Care 
 of himfelf, to believe that the 
 feldomer the Phyfician or Apo- 
 thecary are employ 'd, the lefs 
 Rifque he runs ia his Health or 
 
 Fortune* 
 
Fortune, that he is not upon every 
 flight Indifpofition, or ordinary 
 Sicknefs to call upon their Help, 
 whereby very often the Remedy 
 proves worfe than the Difeafe 5 
 that your Conftitution will en- 
 deavour to preferve it felf, and will 
 effect it in moft of the common 
 Diftempers, but with ill Medi- 
 cines thofe will become dange- 
 rous, and will be made every 
 Day more malignant. Take the 
 Counfel of your moft obferving 
 and experienced Friend, who has 
 no Byafs to divert him from the 
 only Care of your Health 3 but 
 avoid the Emperick, who will, 
 inftead of procuring the Eafe of 
 your Thoughts and Repofe, and 
 prefcribing the Rules of your Di- 
 et, and permitting Nature to fub- 
 due the Difeafe, affright you with 
 the greateft Danger, difturb you, 
 and fill your Chamber, or both, 
 r with 
 
C "7 
 
 with the inflaming and pernicious 
 Cordials, the Bolus's and Draughts, 
 till he has cured his own Diftem- 
 per by the Number of Articles he 
 fliall enter into the Bill. 
 
 That it is in the Power of 
 every Man to become his own 
 Phyfician, who needs no other 
 Helps of fupporting a good, and 
 correcting a bad Conftitution, than 
 by obferving a fober and regular 
 Life 5 there is nothing more cer- 
 tain, than that Cuftom becomes 
 a fecond Nature, and has a great 
 Influence upon our Bodies, and 
 has too often more Power over 
 the Mind than Reafon it felf ? 
 
 The honefleft Man alive, in 
 keeping Company with Libertines, 
 by degrees forgets the Maxims of 
 Probity he before was ufed to, and 
 naturally falls into thofe Vices 
 with his Companions 3 and if he 
 be fo happy as to accjuit himfelfj t 
 
 and 
 
[ "8 ] 
 
 and to meet with better Company, 
 then Virtue reafliimes its firft Lu- 
 ftre, and will triumph in its Turn, 
 and he infenfibly regains the Wif- 
 dom that he had abandoned. 
 
 In a Word, all the Alterations 
 that we perceive in the Temper, 
 Carriage, and Manners of moil 
 Men, have fcarce any other Foun- 
 dation, but the Force and Preva- 
 lency of Cuftom. 
 
 'Tis an Unhappineis in which 
 the Men of this Age are fall'n, 
 that Variety of Diflies is now the 
 Fafliion, and become fo far pre- 
 ferable to Frugality 3 and yet the 
 one is the Product of Temperance, 
 whilft Pride and unreftrain'd Ap- 
 petite is the Parent of the o- 
 ther. 
 
 Notwithftanding the Difference 
 of their Origin, yet Prodigality 
 is at prefent ftiled Magnificence, 
 Generofity and Grandeur, and is 
 
 com- 
 
C 
 
 monly efteem'd of in the World, 
 whilft Frugality pafles for Avarice 
 and Sordidnefs in the Eyes and 
 Acceptation of mod Men : Heft 
 is a vifible Error which Cuftom 
 and Habit have eftablifhed. 
 
 The Error has fo far feduc'd 
 us, that it has prevaild upon 
 us, to renounce a frugal Way 
 of living, though, taught us by 
 Nature, even from the firft Age 
 of the World, as -being that which 
 would prolong our Days, and his 
 carl us into thofe ExcefTes, which 
 ferve only to abridge the Num- 
 ber of them. We become old be- 
 fore we have been able to tafte 
 the Pleafures of being young 5 and 
 the time which ought to be the 
 Summer of our Lives, is often 
 the beginning of their Winter, 
 we foon perceive our Strength to 
 fail, and Weaknefs to come on 
 S apaee, * 
 
[ 1JO ] 
 
 apace, and decline even before 
 we come to Perfection. 
 
 On the contrary, Sobriety 
 maintains us in the natural State 
 wherejin we ought to be. Our 
 Youth is lafting, our Manhood at- 
 tended with a Vigour that does 
 not begin to decay 'till after a 
 many Years. A whole Century 
 muft be run out before Wrinkles 
 can be form'd on the Face, or 
 Grey-hairs grow, on the Head : 
 This is fo true, that when Men 
 were not addicted to Voluptuouf- 
 nefs, they had more Strength and 
 Vivacity at Fourfcore, than we 
 have at prefent at Forty. 
 
 It cannot indeed be expected, 
 that every Man fhould tie himfelf 
 ftrictly to the Obfervations of the 
 fame Rules in his Diet, imce the 
 Variety of Climates, Conftitution, 
 Age, and other Circumstances 
 
 may 
 
c . 
 
 may admit of Variations. But this 
 we may aflert as a reafonable, ge- 
 neral, and undeniable Maxim, 
 founded upon Reafon and the 
 Nature of Things 5 that for the 
 Prefervation of Health and pro- 
 longing a Man's Lifcy. it is ne- 
 ceflary that he eat and drink no 
 more than is fufficient to fupport 
 his natural Conftitution 5 and on 
 the contrary, whatfoever he eats 
 and drinks beyond, that is fuper- 
 fluous, and tends to the feeding 
 of the corrupt and vicious Hu- 
 mous, which will at laft, though 
 they may be ftifled for a Time, 
 break out into a Flame and burn 
 the Man quite down, or elfe leave 
 him like a ruinated or fluttered 
 Building. 
 
 This general Maxim which we 
 
 have laid down, will hold good 
 
 with refpecl: to Men of all Ages 
 
 and Conftitutions, and under what- 
 
 S 2 fpever* 
 
3 
 
 /oever Climate they live, if they 
 have but the Courage to make a 
 due Application of it, and to lay 
 a Reftramt upon their unreafon- 
 able Appetites. 
 
 After all, we will not, we dare 
 not warrant, that the moft ftri& 
 and fober Life will fecure a Man 
 from all Difeafes, or prolong his 
 Days to the greateft old Age. 
 Natural Infirmities and Weaknef- 
 fes, which a Man brings along 
 with him into the World, which 
 he deriv'd from his 'Parents and 
 could not avoid, may make him 
 fickly and unhealthful, notwith- 
 {landing all his Care and Precau- 
 tion : And outward Accidents 
 (from which no Man is free) may 
 cut off the Thread of .Life before 
 it is half fpun out. There is no 
 fencing againfl the latter of thofe, 
 but as to the former, a Man may 
 In fome Meafure correct and a- 
 
 mend 
 
C '3? ] 
 
 mend them by a fober and regu* 
 lar Life. In fine, let a Man's 
 Life be longer or fliorter, yet So- 
 briety and Temperance renders it 
 pleafant and delightful. Otie that 
 is fober, though he lives but thirty 
 or forty Years, yet lives long, and 
 enjoys all his Days, having a free 
 and clear Ufe of all his Ficfuities j 
 whilft the Man that gives him- 
 felf to Excefs, and lays no Reftraint 
 to his Appetites, though he pro- 
 longs his Life to Threeftore or 
 Fourfcore Years (which is ne^t to 
 a Miracle) yet is his Life but one 
 continued dofeingSlumber,hisHead 
 being always full of Fumes, the 
 Pores of his Soul cloudy and dark, 
 the Organs of his Body weak and 
 worn out, and very unfit to dif- 
 charge the proper Offices of a ra- 
 tional Creature. And indeed Rea- 
 fon, if we hearken to it, will tell 
 us, that a good Regimen is. ne- 
 
 ceflary 
 
C 134 ] 
 
 ceflary for the prolonging our 
 Days, and that it confifts in two 
 Things, firft in takeing Care of 
 the Quality, and fecondly of the 
 Quantity, fo as to cat and drink 
 nothing that offends the Stomach, 
 nor any more than we can eafily 
 digeft. 
 
 And in this, Experience ought 
 to be our Guide in thofe two 
 Principles, when we arrive to 
 Forty, Fifty, or Sixty Years of 
 Age. He who puts in Practice 
 that Knowledge which he has of 
 what is good for him, and goes 
 on in a frugal Way of Living, 
 keeps the Humours in a juft Tem- 
 perature, and prevents them from 
 being altered, though he fufFer 
 Heat and Cold, though he be fa- 
 tigued, though his Sleep be broke, 
 provided there be no Excefs in 
 any of them. This being fo, what 
 an Obligation does Man lie under 
 
 of 
 
C '35 ] 
 
 of living foberly, and ought he 
 not to free himfelf fromjhe Fears 
 of finking under the leaft Intem- 
 perature of the Air, and under the 
 leaft Fatigue, which makes us fick 
 upon every flight Occafion ? 
 
 "Tis true, the moft fober Man 
 may fometimes be indifpofed, 
 when they are unavoidably ob- 
 liged to tranfgrefs the Rule which 
 they have been ufed to obferve 5 
 but then they are certain, their. 
 Indifpofition will not laft above 
 two or three Days at moft, nor 
 can they fall into a Fever : Weari- 
 nefs and Faintnefs are eafily re- 
 medied by Reft and good Diet. 
 
 There are fome who feed high, 
 and maintain, that whatfoever 
 they eat is fo little a Difturbance 
 to them, that they cannot perceive 
 in what Part of the Body the Sto- 
 mach lies 5 but I averr, they do 
 not fpeak as they think, nor is it > 
 i natural 
 
natural ? "Tis impofilble that any 
 created Being fhodW be of fo per- 
 fect, a -Compofitioii, , as that nei- 
 ther Heat nor Cold, Dry nor 
 Moift fhould have any Influence 
 over it, and that the Variety of 
 Food which they make ufe of, of 
 different Qualities, fliould be e- 
 qually agreeable to them. Thofe 
 Men cannot but acknowledge, that 
 they are fometimes out of Order j 
 if it is not owing to a fenfible In- 
 digeftion, yet they are troubled 
 with Head-achs, Want of Sleep, 
 and Fevers, of which they are cured 
 by a Diet, and taking fuch Me- 
 dicines as are proper for Evacua- 
 tions, It is therefore certain, that 
 their Diftempers proceed from Re- 
 pletion, or from their having eat 
 or drank fomething which did not 
 agree with their Stomachs. 
 
 Moft old People excufe their 
 high Feeding by laying, that it is 
 
 necef- 
 
C '37 
 
 necefiary to eat a great deal, 
 to keep up their natural Heat, 
 which diminiflies proportionally 
 as they grow into Years 5 and to 
 create an Appetite, 'tis neceffary 
 to find out proper Sauces, and to 
 eat whatfoever they have a Fancy 
 for, and that without thus hu- 
 mouring their Palates, they would 
 be foon in their Graves. 
 
 To this I reply : That Nature, 
 for the Prefervation of a Man in 
 Years, has fo compofed him, that 
 he may live with a little Food ; 
 that his Stomach cannot digeft a 
 great Quantity, and that he has 
 no need of being afraid of dying 
 for want of eating 3 fince when he 
 is fick, he is forced to have re- 
 courfe to a regular Sort of Diet, 
 which is the firft and main Thing 
 prefcrib'd him by his Phyfician, 
 that if this Remedy is of fuch Ef- 
 ficacy to fnatch us out of the Arms 
 T 
 
. 
 
 of Death, 'tis a Miftake to fup- 
 pofe that a Man may not by eat- 
 ing a little more than he does 
 when he is fick, live a long Time 
 without ever being fick. 
 
 Others had rather be difturb'd 
 twice or thrice a Year with the 
 Gout, the Sciatica, and their Epi- 
 demical Diftempers, than to be 
 always put to the Torment and 
 Mortification of laying a Reftraint 
 upon their Appetites, being fure, 
 that when they are indifpofed, a 
 regular Diet will be an infallible 
 Remedy and Cure. But let them 
 be informed by me, that as they 
 grow up in Years their natural 
 Heat abates ; that as regular Diet, 
 defpifed as a Precaution, and only 
 look'd upon as Phyfick, cannot 
 always have the fame Effect nor 
 Force, to draw off the Crudities, 
 nor repair the Diforders that are 
 caufed by Repletion 5 and laftly, 
 ' thac 
 
that they run the Hazard of being 
 cheated by their Hope and by 
 their Intemperance. 
 
 Others fay, That it is more eli- 
 gible to feed high and enjoy them- 
 iHves, though a Man live the lefs 
 while. It is no furprizing Matter 
 that Fools and Mad-men fliould 
 contemn,- and defpife Life 5 the 
 World will be no Lofer when- 
 ever they go out of it ; but 'tis a 
 confiderable Lofs, when wife, vir- 
 tuous, and holy Men drop into 
 the Grave, who might have done 
 more Honour to their Country 
 and to themfelves, 
 
 In Youth this Exeefs is more 
 frequent 3 neceflary therefore it is 
 to moderate his Apetite 5 for if 
 the Stomach be ftretch'd beyond 
 its due Extent, it will require to 
 be fill'd, but never well digeft 
 what it receives. Befides, it is 
 much better to prevent Difeafes, 
 
 T * 
 
C 
 
 by Temperance, Sobriety, Chafti- 
 ty, and Exercife, than cure them 
 by Phyfick. 
 
 Quid enim fe Medicis dederit^ feip- 
 fum fibi eripit. Summit fdedicinarunt 
 ad fanitatem corporis Or anim*, abfti- 
 nenti* eft. He that lives abftemi- 
 oufly, or but temperately, need 
 not ftudy the Wholefomenefs of 
 his Meat, nor the Pleafantnefs of 
 that Sawce, the Moments and Pun- 
 ctillio's of Air, Heat, Cold, Ex- 
 ercife, Lodging, Diet 5 nor is 
 critical in Cookery or in his Li- 
 quors, but takes thankfully what 
 God gives him. Efpecially, let 
 all young Men forbear Wines and 
 Strong Drinks, as well as fpiced 
 and hot Meats 5 for they intro- 
 duce a preternatural Heat in the 
 Body, and at lead hinder and 
 obftrucl:, if not at length exhauft 
 the natural. 
 
 But 
 
C 
 
 But if overtaken by Excefs, (it's 
 difficult to be always upon our 
 Guard) the laft Remedy is vo- 
 miting, or fading it out, neither 
 go to bed on a full Stomach ; lee 
 Phyfick be always the laft Reme- 
 dy, that Nature may not truft to 
 it 5 for though a fick Man leaves 
 all for Nature to do, he hazards 
 much 5 but when he leaves all for 
 the Doctor to do, he hazards 
 more : And fince there is a Hazard 
 both ways, I would fooner rely 
 upon Nature 3 for this at leaft we 
 may be fure of, that flie is as ho- 
 neft as (he can, and that fhe does 
 not find the Account in prolong- 
 ing the Difeafe. 
 
 Others there are, who percei- 
 ving themfelves to grow old, tho* 
 their Stomach be lefs capable of 
 digefting well every day lefs than 
 another, yet will not upon that 
 Account abate any thing of their 
 
 Diet, 
 
i 4 a 
 
 Dietj they only abridge themfelves 
 in the Number of their Meals j 
 and becaufe they find two or three 
 Meals a Day is troublefome, they 
 think their Health is fufficiently 
 provided for, by making only one 
 Meal 5 that fo the time between 
 one Repaft and another, may (as 
 they fay) facilitate the Digeftion 
 of thofe Aliments which they 
 might have taken at twice : For 
 this Reafon they eat as much at 
 one Meal, that their Stomach is 
 over-charged and out of Order, 
 and converts the Superfluities of 
 its Nourifhment into bad Hu- 
 mours, which engender Difeafes 
 and Death. 
 
 I never knew a Man live long 
 by this Conduct Thefe Men 
 \vould doubtlefs have prolong'd 
 their Days, had they abridg'd the 
 Quantity of their ordinary Food 
 proportionally as they grew in 
 
 Years, 
 
C 143 ] 
 
 Years 3 and had they eat a great 
 deal lefs a little oftner. 
 
 Some again are of* Opinion," 
 that Sobriety may indeed preferve 
 a Man in Health., but does not 
 prolong his Life. To this we fay, 
 that there have been Perfons in 
 .paft Ages, who have prolonged 
 their Lives by this Means 5 and 
 fome there arc at prefent who fill! 
 do it 3 for as Infirmities contrad> 
 ed by Repletion fhorten our Days, 
 a Man of an ordinary Reach may 
 perceive, that if he defires to live 
 long, it is better to be well than 
 fick, and that confecjuently Tem- 
 perance contributes more to long 
 Life, than exceffive Feeding. 
 
 Whatfoever Senfualifts may fay, 
 Temperance is of infinite Benefit 
 to Mankind : To it he owes his 
 Prefer vat ion 3 it banifhes from his 
 Mind the difmal Apprehenfions 
 of dying j 'tis by its Means he 
 
 becomes 
 
c 
 
 becomes wife, and arrives to an 
 Age wherein Reafon and Expe- 
 rience furnifh him with Afliftance 
 to free himfelf from the Tyranny 
 ot his Paflions, which have lorded 
 : over him for almoft the whole 
 Courfe of his Life. 
 
 A very notable Inftance of this 
 we have in the Life of Lewis Cor" 
 mro, a noble Vemtian^ who though 
 of a weakly Conftitution, increased 
 by a voluptuous Life, yet at the 
 Age of thirty five or forty Years, he 
 was refolv'd to practice in all the 
 Rules of Sobriety and Tempe- 
 rance, and to withdraw from thofe 
 Excefles that had brought upon 
 him thofe ufual Ills the Gout and 
 the Cholick, fatal Attendants to 
 an indolent and luxurious Life, 
 and which reduc'd him to fo low 
 a State, that his Recovery was 
 defpair'd of by the wifeft Phyfici- 
 an : And here he tells you that he 
 i . was 
 
C '45 ] 
 
 was born very cholerick and ha- 
 fly, and flew out into a Paflion 
 for the leaft Trifle, that he huffed 
 all Mankind, and was io intole- 
 rable, that a great many Perfons 
 of Repute avoided his Company : 
 He apprehended the Injury which 
 he did to himfelf, he knew that 
 Anger is a real Frenzy^ that it 
 difturbs our Judgment, that it 
 tranfports us beyond our felves, 
 and that the Difference between a 
 paflionate and a mad Man is on- 
 ly this, that the latter has loft his 
 Reafon, and the former is only 
 deprived of it by fits. A fober Life 
 cured him of his Frenzy 3 by its 
 Afliftance he became fo moderate, 
 and fo much a Mafter of his Paf- 
 fions, that no body could perceive 
 it was born with him. 
 
 How great and valuable muft 
 Temperance then be, which carries 
 that foveraign Aid, and can re- , 
 U lievc ' 
 
C '4<$ 3 
 
 lieve the Pafiions of the Mind, 
 and not only to expel the bad Hu- 
 mours of the Body, but alfo to 
 reftore it to a due Tone, and a 
 full State of Health. 
 
 Now let any one upon a ferious 
 Reflection confider which is moft 
 eligible, a fober and regular, ; or 
 an intemperate, and diforderly 
 Courfe of Life : Thi's is certain, 
 that if all Men would live regu- 
 larly and frugally, 'there would be 
 fo few fick Perfons, that there 
 would hardly be any Occafion 
 for Remedies, 
 
 Si tibi deficient Medici, Medici till 
 
 fiant. 
 H<ec tria, Mm* Ufa, requies moderata 
 
 dieta. 
 
 The left andfafeft <Pbyfician is T>ottor 
 
 tyet, 
 
 BoEfor Merryman, and Doftor Quiet. 
 -^ / <~~*^. 
 
 every 
 
[ '47 ] 
 
 every one would becomehis own 
 Phyfician, and would be convinced 
 that he never met with a better. 
 
 It would be to little Purpofe to 
 ftudy the Conftitution of other 
 Men 5 every one, if he would but 
 apply himfelf to it, would always 
 be better acquainted with his own 
 than that of another 5 every one 
 would be capable of making thofe 
 Experiments for himfelf which an- 
 other could not do for him, and 
 would be the beft Judge of the 
 Strength of his own Stomach, and 
 of the Food which is agreeable 
 thereto 5 for in one Word, 'tis next 
 to impoflible to know exactly the 
 Conftitution of another, their Con- 
 ftitutions being as different as their 
 Complexions. 
 
 Since no Man therefore can 
 have a better Phyfician than him- 
 felf, nor a more foveraign Anti- 
 dote than a Regimen, that is to 
 U 2 ftudy j 
 
C 148] 
 
 ftudy his own Conftitution, and 
 to regulate his Life according to 
 the Rules of right Reafon. 
 
 I own, indeed, the difinterefted 
 Phyfician may be fome time necef- 
 fary,fince thereare fomeDiftempers, 
 which all human Prudence cannot 
 provide againft, there happen fome 
 unavoidable Accidents which feize 
 us after fuch a Manner, as to de- 
 prive our Judgment of the Liber- 
 ty it ought to have to be a Com- 
 fort to us 3 it may then be a Mi- 
 ftake wholly to rely upon Nature, 
 it mufl be afiifted, and Recourfe 
 muft be had to fome one or an- 
 other for it 5 and in this we have 
 much the Advantage of the ir- 
 regular Man, his Vices having 
 heaped Fewel to the Diftemper 5 
 but on the contrary, by a regular 
 Courfe of Life, the very Caufe is 
 not to be found, and the Difeafe 
 retreats from you, 
 / And 
 
C 149 3 
 
 And here the fam'd Cornaro, who 
 beitig at Seventy Years of Age, 
 had another Experiment of the 
 Ufefulnefs of a Regimen, and 
 'twas this 3 A Bufinefs of extraor- 
 dinary Confequence drawing him 
 into the Country, and being in 
 the Coach, the Horfes ran away 
 with him, and was overthrown, 
 and dragged a long away before 
 they could ftay the Horfes 5 they 
 took him out of the Coach with 
 his Head broke, a Leg and Arm 
 out of joint, and in a Word, in a 
 very lamentable Condition. As 
 foon as they brought him Home 
 again, they fent for the Phyficians, 
 who did not expert he flbould live 
 three Days to art end : However, 
 they refolv'd upon letting of him 
 Blood, to prevent the coming of 
 a Fever, which ufually happens 
 upon fuch Cafes. He was fo con- 
 fident that the regular Life which 
 i he 
 
C 15 ] 
 
 he had led, had prevented the 
 contracting of any ill Humours, 
 of which he might be afraid, that 
 he rejected their Prefcription, and 
 ordered them to drefs his Head, 
 to fet his Leg and Arm, and to 
 rub him with fome Specifick Oils 
 proper for Bruifes, and without 
 any other Remedies he was foon 
 cured, to the Amazement of the 
 Phyficians and of all thofe that 
 knew him. From hence he did 
 infer, that a regular Life is an 
 excellent Prefervative againft all 
 natural Ills 5 and that Intempe- 
 rance produces quite contrary Ef- 
 fects. 
 
 What a Difference then between 
 a fober and an intemperate Life ? 
 the one fliortens and the other 
 prolongs our Days, and makes us 
 enjoy a perfect Health, and with 
 Juvenal, Mem /ana in Corpore Jano. 
 I cannot underftand how it comes 
 
 to 
 
C '5' 
 
 to pafs, that fo many People, o~ 
 therwife prudent and rational, 
 cannot refolve upon laying a Re- 
 ftraint upon their infatiable Ap- 
 petites at fifty or fixty Years of 
 Age, or at leaft when they bfegiri 
 to feel the Infirmities of old Age 
 coming upon them they might 
 rid themfelves of them by a ftrift 
 Diet and a due Regimen. 
 
 I do not wonder fo much that 
 young People are fo hardly brought 
 to inch a Reiolution ; &iey are not 
 capable enough of reflecting j 
 iiid their Judgment is not folid 
 enough to refill the Charms of 
 Senfe : But at Fifty a Man ought to 
 be govern d by his Realbn, which 
 would convince us if we would 
 hearken to it, that to gratify all 
 our Appetites without any Rule 
 or Meafure, is the Way to become 
 infirm and die young. Nor does 
 
 the 
 
.. C 
 
 the Pleafure of Tafte laft long, it 
 hardly begins but 'tis gone and 
 paft 5 phe more one eats, the more 
 one may, and the Diftempers 
 which it brings along with it, laft 
 us to our Graves. 
 
 Now mould not a fober Man 
 be very well fatisfied when he is 
 at Table, upon the AiTurance, that 
 as often as he rifes from it, what 
 he eats will do him no harm : 
 Who then would not perfectly en- 
 joy the Pleafures of this mortal 
 Life fo perfectly ? Who will not 
 court and win Sobriety, which is 
 fo grateful to God, as being the. 
 Guardian to Virtue, and irrecon- 
 cileable Enemy to Vice. 
 
 Surely the Example of this wife 
 and good Man deferves our Imi- 
 tation, that fince old Age may be 
 made fo ufeful and pieafant to 
 Men, I fhould have faif d in Point 
 
 of 
 
C '53 1 
 
 of Charity to inform Mankind by 
 what Methods they might prolong 
 their Days. 
 
 A great Afliftant to that of So- 
 
 C/ 
 
 briety, and which is highly con- 
 ducive to the Prefervation of the 
 whole Man, is to renew with us 
 that habitual and beneficial Cu~ 
 ftom of the Antients in promoting 
 Exercifa as one great Inftrument 
 to the Confervation of Health, 
 and which no one can deny who 
 has given himfelf the Experience 
 of a Trial. 
 
 That it promotes the Digeftion, 
 raifes the Spirits, refreflies the 
 Mind, and that it ftrengthens and 
 relieves the whole Man, is fcarce 
 difputed by any 3 but that it fhould 
 prove curative in fome particular 
 Diftempers, and that too when 
 fcarce any thing elfe will prevail, 
 feems to obtain little Credit with 
 moft People, who though they 
 X will 
 
C '54] 
 
 give the Phyfician the hear- 
 ing when he recommends the life 
 of Rideing, or any other Sort of 
 Exercife, yet at the Bottom, look 
 upon it as a forlorn Method, and 
 rather the Effects of his Inability 
 to relieve them, than a Belief that 
 there is any great Matter in what 
 he advifes : Thus by a negligent 
 Diffidence they deceive themfeives 
 and let flip the golden Opportu- 
 nities of recovering by a diligent 
 Struggle what could not be cur'di 
 by the life of Medicine alone. 
 
 But to- give you a juft and ra- 
 tional Idea of its Power of mo- 
 ving and a&uating upon the Bo- 
 dy, let us confide r the whole 
 human Syltem as a Compound 
 of Tubes and Glands, o# to tile 
 a more ruftick Phrafe, a Bundle 
 of Pipes and Strainers, feted to 
 one another alter io wonderful a 
 Manner as to make a* proper Era- 
 
 gine 
 
C '55 3 
 
 gine for the Soul to work with. 
 This Defcription does not only 
 comprehend the Bowels, Bones, 
 Tendons, Veins, Nerves, and 
 Arteries, but every Mufcle and 
 every Ligature, which is a Com- 
 pofition of Fibres, that are fo ma- 
 ny imperceptable Tubes or Pipes 
 interwoven on all Sides with in- 
 vifible Glands and Strainers. 
 
 This general Idea of a human 
 Body, without coniidering it in 
 the Niceties of Anatomy 3 let us 
 fee how abfolutely neceflary La- 
 bour is for the right Prefervation 
 of it. There muft be frequent 
 Motions and Agitations to mix, 
 digeft, and feparate the Juices 
 contained in it, as well as to clear 
 and cleanle that Infinitude of Pipes 
 and Strainers of which it is com*- 
 pofed,.and to give their folid Parts 
 a more firm and lafting Tone ; 
 Exercife ferments the Humours, 
 X ^ carts*, 
 
C 
 
 cafts them into their proper Chan- 
 nels, throws oft Redundancies, 
 and helps Nature in thofe fecret 
 Diftributions, without which the 
 Body cannot fubfift in Vigour, 
 nor aft with Chearfulnefs. I 
 
 might here mention the Effedts 
 
 *j 
 
 which this has upon the Soul, 
 upon all the Faculties of the Mind, 
 by keeping the Underftanding 
 clear, the Imagination untroubled, 
 and refining thole Spirits that are 
 neceHary for the proper Execution 
 of our intellectual Faculties, during 
 the prefent Laws of Union between 
 Soul and Body. 
 
 It is a Neglect in this Particu- 
 lar, that we muft afcnbe the Spleen, 
 which is fo frequent in Men of 
 fludious and fedentary Tempers 5 
 as well as the Vapours, to which 
 thofe of the other $ex are fo often 
 fubjet. 
 
 ' Had 
 
[ '57 
 
 Had not Exercife been abfo- 
 lutely neceflary for our Well-be- 
 ing, Nature would not have made 
 the Body fo proper for it, by 
 giving fiich an Activity to the 
 Limbs, and fuch a Pliancy to 
 every Part, as neceflarily produce 
 thofe Compreflions, Extenfions, 
 Contortions, Dilatations, and all 
 other Kind of Motions that are 
 neceflary for the Prefervation of 
 fnch a Syftem of Tubes and 
 Glands as has been before men- 
 tioned. 
 
 And that we might not want 
 Inducements to engage us in fuch 
 an Exercife of the Body as is pro- 
 per for its Welfare, it is fo order- 
 ed, that nothing valuable can be 
 procured without it. Not to men- 
 tion Riches and Honour, even 
 Food and Raiment are not to be 
 come at without the Toil of the 
 Hands, and Sweat of the Brows. 
 
 Provi- * 
 
C 158 3 
 
 Providence furniflies us withMa- 
 terials, but expels we fiiould work 
 them up ouriclves. The Earth 
 rnuft be laboured before it gives 
 Encreafe 5 and when it is forced 
 into its feveral Produds, how 
 many Hands muft they pafs thro' 
 before they are fit for Ule ? Ma- 
 nufa&ures, Trade, and Agricul- 
 ture naturally employ more than 
 nineteen Parts of the Species in 
 twenty ; and as for thofe v/ho are 
 not obliged to labour, by the 
 Condition in which they are born, 
 they are more miferable than the 
 reft of Mankind, nnlefs they in- 
 dulge themfelves in that volun- 
 tary Labour calFd Exercife, of 
 which there is no Kind I would 
 fo recommend to both Sexes, as 
 that of Rideing 5 as there is none 
 that conduces io much to Health, 
 and is every Way accommodated 
 to the Body. Dr. Sydenham is very 
 
 lavifh 
 
C '59 ] 
 
 lavifli in its Praifes, and if you 
 would learn the mechanical Ef- 
 fects of it defcribed at length, you 
 may find it learnedly treated of by 
 Dr. Fuller y in a lateTreatife, intitu- 
 led y Medicina Gymnaftica, or. The ^Power 
 of Exerci/e. And here Mr. Dryden : 
 
 The frfl Thyficians by Debauch 'were made ; 
 Excefs began , and Sloth fuftaind the Trade. 
 By Chafe our long-liv'd Fathers earnd their Food, 
 Toil ftrung the Nerves, and purified the Bloody 
 But we their Sons, a pamper' d Race of Men, 
 Are dwindled down to threefcore Tears and ten. 
 Better to hunt in Fields for Health unbought, 
 'Than fee the Dotlor for a naufeom Draught. 
 The Wife for Cure on Exercije depend ; 
 Cod never made his Work for Man to mend. 
 
 General 
 
C 
 
 General MAXIMS 
 
 FOR 
 
 HE A-.LTH: 
 
 OR, 
 
 RULES to freferve the 
 Body to a good old Age. 
 
 I. " 
 
 T is not good to eat too 
 much, or fail too long, 
 or do any thing elfe that 
 is preternatural. 
 
 II. 
 
 Whoever eats or drinks too 
 much, will be fick. 
 
 Y III. If \ 
 
ill. 
 
 If thou art dull and heavy after 
 Meat, it's a Sign thou haft exceed- 
 ed the due Meafure, for Meat and 
 Drink ought to refrefti the Body, 
 and make it chearful, not to dull 
 and opprefs it. 
 
 IV. 
 
 If thou findeft thofe ill Sym- 
 ptoms, confider whether too much 
 Meat or Drink occafions it, or 
 both, and abate by little and lit- 
 tle, 'till thou findeft the Inconve- 
 niency remov'd. 
 
 V. 
 
 Pafs not immediately from a 
 diforder'd Life, to a ftrict and 
 precife Life, but by degrees abate 
 the Excefs, for ill Cuftoms arrive 
 by degrees, and fo muft be wore 
 off. 
 
 ^ VI. As 
 
VI. 
 
 As to the Quality of the Food, 
 if the Body be of a healthful Con- 
 ftitution, and the Meat does thee 
 no Harm, it matters little what it 
 is 5 but all Sorts muft be avoided 
 that does Prejudice, though it 
 pleafe the Tafte never fo much. 
 
 VII. 
 
 After Diet is obtain'd, the Ap- 
 petite will require no more than 
 Nature hath need of, it will de- 
 fire as Nature defires. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Old Men can faft eafily 5 Men 
 of ripe Age can faft almoft as 
 much, but young People and 
 Children can hardly faft at all. 
 
 T * IX. Let 
 
3 
 
 IX. 
 
 Let ancient People eat Panada? 
 made of Bread, and Flem Broth, 
 which is of light Digeftion 3 an 
 Egg now and then will do well. 
 
 X. 
 
 Growing Perfons have a great 
 deal of Natural Heat, which re- 
 quires a great deal of Nourifli- 
 ment, elfe the Body will pine. 
 
 XI. 
 
 It muft be examin'd what Sort 
 of Perfons ought to feed once or 
 twice a Day, more or lefs 3 Al- 
 lowance being always made to the 
 Perfon, to the Seafon of the Year, 
 to the Place where one lives, and 
 to Cuftom. 
 
 XII. 
 
 The more you feed foul Bodies, 
 the more you hurt your felves, 
 
 XIV. He 
 
XIII. 
 
 He that ftudies much, ought 
 not to eat fo much as thofe that 
 work hard, his Digeftion being 
 not fo good. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 The near Quantity and Quality 
 being found out, it is fafeft to be 
 kept to. 
 
 XV. 
 
 Excefs in all other things what- 
 ever, as well as in Meat and drink, 
 are to be avoided 3 exceflive Heats 
 and Colds, violent Exercifes, late 
 Hours, and Women, unwholfome 
 Air, violent Winds, the Pdfrr 
 ons, C"c- 
 
 XVI. 
 
 Youth, Age, and Sick require 
 a different Quantity. 
 
 
 XVII. And 
 
 \ 
 
C 166 ] 
 XVII. 
 
 And fo do thofc of different 
 Complexions, for that which is 
 too much for a Phlegmatick Man, 
 is not fufficient for the Cholerick. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 The Meafure of the Food ought 
 to be proportionable to the Quali- 
 ty and Condition of the Stomach, 
 becaufe the Stomach is to digeft it. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 The Quantity that is fufficient, 
 the Stomach can perfectly concoct, 
 and anfwers to the due Nourifli- 
 ment of the Body. 
 
 XX. 
 
 Hence it appears we may eat a 
 greater Quantity of fome Viands 
 than of others of a more hard 
 Digeftion. 
 
 XXI. The 
 
C 
 
 XXI. 
 
 The Difficulty lies in finding 
 out an exact Meafure 5 but eat for 
 Neceflity not Pleafure 5 for Luft 
 knows not where Neceflhy ends. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 Wouldft ,thou enjoy a long Life> 
 a healthy Body, and a vigorous 
 Mind, and be acquainted alib with 
 the wonderful Works of God, la- 
 bour in the firft Place to bring thy ' 
 Appetite to Reafon. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 Beware of Variety of Meats, 
 and fuch as are curioufly and dain- 
 tily dreft, which deftroy a mul- 
 titude of People 5 they prolong 
 Appetite four times beyond whac 
 Nature requires, and different 
 Meats are of different Natures, 
 fome are fooner digefted than 
 
 others 
 
- C 
 
 others, whence Crudities proceed, 
 and the whole Digeftion depraved. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 Keep out of the Sight of Feafts 
 and Banquets as much as may be, 
 for it is more difficult to retain 
 good Cheer, when in Prefence, 
 than from the Defife bf it when 
 it is away 3 the like you may ob- 
 ferve in all the other Senfes. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 Fancy that Gluttony is not 
 good and pleafant, but filthy, e- 
 vil, and deteftable 3 as it really is. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 The richeft Food, when con- 
 cocted, yields the moft noifom. 
 Smells 5 and he that works and 
 fares hard, hath a fweeter and 
 pleafanter Body than the other. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
xxvii. 
 
 Winter requires fomewhat a 
 larger Quantity than Summer j 
 hot and dry Meats agree beft with 
 Winter, cold and moift with Sum- 
 mer 5 in Summer abate a little of 
 your Meat and add to yourDrinkj 
 and in Winter fubfkact from ; your 
 Drink and add to your Meat. 
 
 XXVHI. 
 
 If a Man cafually exceeds, let 
 him faft the next Meal and all 
 may be well again, provided it 
 be not often done 5 or if he exceed 
 at Dinner, let him reft froray or 
 make a flight Supper. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 "life now and then a little Ex- 
 ercife a Quarter of an Hour be- 
 fore Meals, or fwing your Arms 
 about with a fmali Weight in each 
 Hand, to leap, and the like, far 
 that ftirs the Mufcles of the BreafL 
 X XXX. Shoot- 
 
1 7 o 
 
 XXX 
 
 Shooting in the long Bow, for 
 the Bread and Arms. 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 Bowling, for the Reins, Stone 
 and Gravel, 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 Walking, for the Stomach : 
 And the great Drufus having 
 weak and fmall Thighs and Legs, 
 ftrengthened them by Riding, and 
 efpecially after Dinner. 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 Squinting and a dull Sight are 
 amended by Shooting. 
 
 XXXIV. 
 
 Crookednefs, by Swinging and 
 hanging upon the Arms. 
 
 XXXV. A 
 
C '7' 3 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 A temperate Diet frees from 
 Difeafes 5 fuch are feldom ill, but 
 if they are furprized with Sick- 
 nefs, they bear it better, and re- 
 cover it fooner, for all Diftem- 
 pers have their Original from Re- 
 pletion. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 A temperate Diet arms the Bo- 
 dy againft all external Accidents, 
 fo that they are 'not fo eaiily hurt 
 by Heat', Cold, or Labour 5 if 
 they at any Time fhould be 
 prejudiced, they are more eafily 
 cured, either of Wounds, Diflo- 
 cations, or Bruifes 5 it alfo-refifts 
 Epidemical Difeafes. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 It makes Mens Bodies fitter for 
 
 any Employments 3 it makes Men 
 
 to live long 3 Galen, with many 
 
 others, lived by it a Hundred Years. 
 
 Z 2 XXXVIII. Ga- 
 
 \ 
 
C 1 7 2 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 
 Galen faith, That thofe that are 
 weak-complexioned from their 
 Mothers Womb, may (by the 
 Help of this Art, which prefcribes 
 the coarfe Diet) attain to extreme 
 old Age, and that without Dimi- 
 nution of Senfes or Sicknefs of Bo- 
 dy 3 and he faith, that though he 
 never had a healthful Conftitution 
 of Body from his Birth, yet by 
 ufing a good Diet after the Twen- 
 ty-feventh Year of his Age, he 
 never fell into Sicknefs, unlefs now 
 and then into a One Days Fever, 
 taken by One Days Wearinefs. 
 
 XXXIX. 
 
 A fober Diet makes a Man die 
 without Pain 5 it maintains the 
 Senfes in Vigour 3 it mitigates the 
 Viqlence of Paflions and Affections. 
 
 % XL. It 
 
C 1 73 
 
 XL. 
 
 It preferves the Memory 5 it 
 helps the Underftanding 5 it allays 
 the Heat of Luft 3 it brings a Man 
 to that weighty Confederation of 
 his latter End. 
 
 A DIS- 
 
C '74 ] 
 
 A 
 
 DISCOVERY 
 
 Of fome 
 
 Remarkable ERRORS 
 
 In the late WRITINGS of 
 Dr. Mead, Quincey, Brad- 
 ley, &c. on the Plague. 
 
 HE great Apprehenfions 
 that all Europe has re- 
 ceived from the dreadful 
 and raging Plague which 
 has .lately deftroyed the greateft 
 Part of the Inhabitants o{MarfM> 
 x has 
 
[ '75] 
 
 has given that juft Alarm to our 
 Miniftry, who under the Direction 
 of His Majefty, by their wife and 
 prudent Management, to the Du- 
 ty of Publick Prayers, with that 
 of a General and Solemn Faft 
 throughout the Kingdom, have 
 not been wanting, as much as pof- 
 fible, to prevent that direful Con- 
 tagion which now threatens, and 
 might bebrought amongft usby the 
 Sailors, or by Merchandize come- 
 ing from Places that are infected 3 
 and have ordered a ftrict Quaren- 
 tine to be obferved by all Ships 
 in all the Maritime Ports liable to 
 that Invafion. 
 
 And to be Afliftant to fo great 
 a Work, the Neglect of which 
 the Lives of the Nation being at 
 ftake, we have fome the moft e- 
 minent of the Phyficians now in 
 Vogue, who from that Duty to 
 their Pirofeflion, and their Zeal to 
 
 the 
 
176 
 
 the Publick Good, have publifli'd 
 fome Eflays, not only of the Na- 
 ture, Caufe, Symptoms, Progno- 
 fticks, and Affedions of this fatal 
 Diftemper 3 but like wife of the pro- 
 per Means to be ufed in prevent- 
 ing, and fortifying againft, with the 
 proper Applications of recovering 
 thole that are feiz'd by this fatal 
 Enemy to Mankind. Books of this 
 kind lately publiflied are, a fliort 
 Difcourfe concerning Peftilential 
 Contagion, by Dr. Mead. The 
 Plague of Mar Jellies confider'd by 
 Dr. Bradley. Dr. Hodges's Loimo- 
 logia of the Plague in London, 
 Anno 1 6(5 5 ; reprinted by Dr.Quincy: 
 To which is added, an Eflay of 
 his own, with Remarks of the In- 
 fetion now in France. To thofe 
 worthy Gentlemen are we indebt- 
 ed for their ready Help, to their 
 philofophical Enc]uiries,their learn- 
 ed and analytical Explanations in 
 
 all 
 
C "77 
 
 all the Stages of this raging 111 5 
 and farther, by what phyfical 
 Power it corrupts the Blood, de- 
 ftroys the Spirits, and is folio w'd 
 by Death at the laft. 
 
 The Apologies that are made 
 in their Preface, v/^. of a fliorc 
 Warning, of their little Leifure, 
 the Uncorrectnefs of Style, and the 
 Typographical Errors Iriould be 
 favourably confirmed from fo great 
 an Aim of doing the Publick fo 
 great a Good 3 and it would be 
 efteemed a bafe Ingratitude, meer- 
 ly for the fake of Contradiction, 
 to quarrel with the Hand that di- 
 rects, and may fupport us in the 
 greateft Extremity. 
 
 But where there may be a fuf- 
 ficient Reafon to undeceive, or 
 
 f - < 
 
 amend fuch Errors, as might o- 
 therwife be prejudicial to their in* 
 tended Purpofe of preferving the 
 Common Weal, or advancing 
 A a fome 
 
 v 
 
C '78 
 
 ibme other neceflary Instructions 
 which they have omitted ; I can't 
 but perfwade myfelf that I fliall 
 have their Approbation, if not their 
 Thanks in profecuting the Ad- 
 vancement or that good End they 
 fo greatly have defired in their 
 Publications. 
 
 It is very certain, that Etfay 
 of Doctor Hodges de Tefte, is the 
 beft of any hitherto publifh'd of 
 that Kind 3 and if the Gentleman 
 who has annex'd his Treatife to 
 that of his own, has taken Care 
 to remove the moft affected Pecu- 
 liarities, and Luxuriances of his 
 Enthufiaftick Strain, he fhould 
 have avoided that Contagion him- 
 felf, which are difcover'd in his 
 crabbed and dogmatical Terms of 
 FormuUj Miajms, Minfmata, Nex#f, 
 Molecul*, Spicula, Pabulum, &c. 
 Such Terms being coo abftrufe 
 and difficult to be underftood 
 ( by 
 
C 79 3 
 
 by the People in general, for 
 whofe Inftruction and Benefit we 
 have the Charity to believe he un- 
 dertook his Publication.' Nay, 
 it cannot be doubted, and will 
 need no Confirmation by thofe 
 that carefully perufe Dr. Hodges, 
 but will find that there is fcarcely 
 any advanced Method in what 
 they have writ, or but what may 
 be found in his Treatife, unlefs 
 in this one Hint ofQuincy^rom the 
 Ufe of <P/Vtf Fluminans in difperfing 
 the ftagnate Air inftead of the fu- 
 cing of great Guns, e^c. And' he 
 is no ways out in his Policy by 
 tacking his own Remarks with 
 thofe of the good old Doctors, 
 which are the beft Recommenda- 
 tions of their parting to his own Ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 Hodges in his Introduction tells 
 you, " That the firft Difcoveries of 
 the late Plague began in Weftmn- 
 Aa z fte r, ^ 
 
i8o 3 
 
 fter, about the Clofe of the Year 
 1664, for at that Seafon two or 
 three Perfons died there, attended 
 with like Symptoms as manifeftly 
 declar'd their Origin 5 that in the 
 Months of Auguft and September^ 
 the Contagion chang'd its former 
 flow and languid Pace, having, as 
 it were, got Mafter of all, made a 
 moft terrible Slaughter, fo that 
 three, four or five thoufand died 
 in a Week, and once eight thou- 
 fand : Who can exprefs the Cala- 
 mities of thofe Times ! None fure- 
 ly in more pathetick and bewail- 
 ing Accents than himfelf, who 
 gives us fo melancholly a Defcrip- 
 tion of their difmal Mifery, as af- 
 fects the Mind with the fame Paf- 
 fions and defpairing Sorrow they 
 were then overloaded with 5 and 
 as Virgil has it, 
 
 Hffrrw utiqtte Animos,fimul iffafiltntia ttnent. 
 ffarrnt itifxift&ort Vttltw. 
 
 The 
 
The BritiJJ) Nation wept for the 
 Miferies of her Metropolis. In 
 fome Houfes Carcafes lay wait- 
 ing for Burial 5 and in others, Per- 
 fons in their laft Agonies $ in. 
 one Room might be heard dying 
 Groans, in another the Raveings 
 of a Delirium, and not far off 
 Relations and Friends bewailing 
 both their Lofs and the difmal 
 Profpect of their own fudden De- 
 parture 3 Death was the fure Mid- 
 wife to all Children, and Infants 
 oafled immediately from theWomb 
 to the Grave 5 Who would not 
 burft with Grief to fee the Stock 
 of a future Generation hang up- 
 on the Breads of a dead Mother? 
 or the Marriage-Bed changed the 
 firft Night into a Sepulchre, and 
 the unhappy Pair meet with Death 
 in the firft Embraces ? Some of 
 the Infected run about ftaggering 
 like drunken Men, and fall and 
 
 expire i 
 
3 
 
 expire in the Streets 5 while others 
 lie half dead and comatoijs, but 
 never to be waked but by the laft 
 Trumpet 5 fome lie vomiting, as 
 if they had drank Poifon 5 and 
 others fall dead in the Market 
 while they are buying Neceflaries 
 for the Support of Life. 
 
 Not much unlike was it in the 
 following Conflagration 5 whefe 
 the Altars themfelves became fo 
 many Victims, and the fineft 
 Churches in the whole World car- 
 ried up to Heaven Supplications 
 in Flames, while their marble Pil- 
 lars, wet with Tears, melted like 
 Wax 5 nor were Monuments fe- 
 jcure from the inexorable Flames, 
 where many of their venerable 
 ^Remains pafled a fecond Martyr^ 
 dom 3 the moft auguft Palaces 
 were foon laid wafte, and the 
 Flames feem'd to be in a fatal En- 
 gagement to deftroy the great Or- 
 s nament 
 
C '8? 3 
 
 nament of Commerce 5 and the 
 burning of all the Commodities 
 of the World together, feem'd a 
 proper Epitome of this Conflagra- 
 tion : Neither confederate Crowns, 
 nor the drawn Swords of Kings 
 could reftrain its phanatick and re- 
 bellious Rage 3 large Halls, (lately 
 Houfes, and the Sheds of the Poor, 
 were together reduced to Aflies 5 
 the Sun blufli'd to fee himfelf fet, 
 and envied thofe Flames the Go- 
 vernment of the Night which had 
 rivall'd him fo many Days : As 
 the City, I fay, was afterwards burnt 
 without any Diftinction, in like 
 Manner did this Plague fpare no 
 Order, Age, or Sex 5 the Divine 
 was taken in the very Exercife of 
 his prieftly Office, to be inroll'd 
 amongfl the Saints above j and 
 fome Phyficians, as before inti- 
 mated, could not find Afliftance 
 in their own Antidotes, but died 
 
 in 
 
in the Adminiftration of them to 
 others 5 and although the Soldiery 
 retreated from the Field of Death, 
 and encamped out of the City, the 
 Contagion followed and vancjuifh- 
 ed them 3 many in their old Age, 
 others in their Prime, funk under 
 its Cruelties 5 of the female Sex, 
 moft died 5 and hardly any Chil- 
 dren efcaped 5 and it was not un- 
 common to fee an Inheritance 
 pafs fucceffively to three or four 
 Heirs in as many Days 5 the 
 Number of Sextons were not fuf- 
 ficient to bury the Dead 5 the Bells 
 feem'd hoarfe with continual tol- 
 ling, until at laft they quite ceafed j 
 the Burying-places would not hold 
 the Dead, but they were thrown 
 into large Pits dug in wafle 
 Grounds in Heaps, thirty or forty 
 together j and it often happened, 
 that thofe who attended the Fu- 
 nerals of their Friends one Even- 
 ^ ing, 
 
] 
 
 ing, were carried the next to their 
 own long Home, " 
 
 its talia fundo 
 temperet a lacrymis * 
 
 About the Beginning of September 
 the Difeafe was at the Height, in 
 the Courle of which Month more 
 than Twelve thoufand died in a 
 Week * but from this Time its 
 Force began to relax 3 and about 
 the Clofe of the Year, that is, at 
 the Beginning of November, Peo- 
 ple grew more healthful, and fuch 
 a different Face was put upon the 
 Publick, that although the Fune- 
 rals were yet frequent, yet many 
 who had made mod hafte in re- 
 tiring, made the moft to return, 
 and came into the City without: 
 Fear 3 infomuch that in December 
 B b they 
 
 * See Hodges of the Pltgue, reprinted per.Qincey, p. 19, 
 
C '86] 
 
 they crowded back as thick as they 
 fled 5 and although the Contagion 
 had carried off, as fome computed, 
 about One hundred thoufand Peo- 
 ple 3 after a few Months this Lofs 
 xvas hardly difcernable. 
 
 The Doctor himfelf comes to 
 no determinate Number of thofe 
 that died of this Diftemper, but 
 in the Table that he has writ of 
 the Funerals in the feveral Parifties 
 within the Bills of Mortality of 
 the Cities of London and Weftminfter 
 for the Year 1665, ne te ^ s y ou > 
 68506 died of the Plague. Dr. 
 Mead in the fame Year 1 665, that 
 it continued in this City about ten 
 Months, and fwept away 07306 
 Perfons. Dr. Bradley, in his Table 
 from the 27th of 'December, 166*, 
 takes no notice of any buried of 
 that Diftemper, but of one on 
 the 14th of February following, 
 and two on 4pril the 25th, and in 
 
 all, 
 
C '87 
 
 all, to the /th of June, 89. The 
 next following Months, to OBober 
 the }d, there were buried 49932, 
 in all 50011. Why he ftiould 
 here break up from giving any 
 further Account may be from the 
 Weaknefs of his Intelligence, which 
 fo widely differs from all other 
 Accounts ; and in this one, with 
 Dr. Hodges, who tells you, that 
 about the Beginning of September, 
 at which Time the Difeafe was at 
 the Height, in the Courfe of which 
 Month, more than i 2000 Perfons 
 died in a Week : Whereas in Brad- 
 ley, the mod that were buried in 
 one Weeek, *. e. from the i 2th of 
 September to the i9th, amounted 
 to no more than 7165. But com- 
 puting after the Manner of Dr. 
 'Hodges^ we find (taking one Week 
 with another, from^gfc/? the 29th 
 to the 27th of September, the Time 
 of its greateft Fury) the exa6t 
 B b i Number 
 
 \ 
 
[188] 
 
 Number of 6555 5 which falls 
 iliort very near to one half of the 
 Number accounted to be buried 
 of that Diftemper by Dr. Hodges ; 
 and we have abundant Reafon to 
 believe, that the greateft Account 
 hitherto mentioned, may be iliort 
 of the Number dying of that Di- 
 ftemper. If we do but obferve 
 the ftri6l Order then publiftied to 
 fihut up all infeded Houfes, to keep 
 a Guard upon them Day and 
 Night, to withhold from them all 
 Manner of Gorrefpondence from 
 without 5 and that after their Re- 
 covery, to perform a Quarentine 
 of 4 Days, in which Space if any 
 one elfe of the Family "fliould be 
 taken with that Diftemper, the 
 Work to be renewed again 5 by 
 which tedious Confinement of the 
 Sick and Well together, it often 
 proved the Cauie of the Lofs of 
 the Whole. 
 
 Thefe 
 
Thefe, befides many other great 
 Inconveniencies, were fufficient to 
 affright the People from making 
 the Difcovery, and we may be* 
 certain, that many died of the 
 Plague which were returned to the 
 Magiftracy under another Deno- 
 mination, which might eafily be 
 obtained from the Nurfes and 
 Searchers, whether from their Ig- 
 norance, Refpe6t, Love of Mo~ 
 ney, <&c. 
 
 And if they vary fo much in 
 their Computation of thofe that 
 died 3 we fhall find them as wide- 
 ly different in the Time when 'tis 
 faid the Plague firft began. 
 
 The great Dr. Mead on this im- 
 portant: Subject, may eftablifli by 
 his Name whatever he lays down, 
 with the fame Force and Autho- 
 rity as the Ancients held of . that 
 ipfe dixit of Ariftole 3 but as that 
 great Mafter of Nature was not 
 
 exempt 
 
C 
 
 exempt from flipping into fomc 
 Errors, <&/* bumanum eft errare, it 
 can be no Shock to the Reputa- 
 ' tion of this Gentleman, if we mall 
 find him no lefs fallible than of 
 .feme others of the Faculty who 
 has treated on this Subject 3 and 
 to this part of the time when 'tis 
 faid the Plague firft began. Doctor 
 Mea^ by what Information he 
 has not thought fit to tell us, does 
 affirm, That its Beginning was in 
 Autumn before the Year 166*5 
 whereas Dr. Hodges fays, in the 
 very firft Page of his Liomologia, 
 that it was not till the Clofe of the 
 Year 1 664 ; at that Seafon two 
 or three Perfons died fuddenly in 
 one Family at Weftminfter, of which 
 he gives a further Light from his 
 vifiting the firft Patient in the 
 Cbrtftmas Holidays, and fully con- 
 firmed by the Weekly Bills of 
 Mortality, whofe firft Account of 
 i thofe 
 
C '9' 
 
 thofe who died of the Plague were 
 from December the i/th, 1 66]. 
 
 As thofe Gentlemen have for- 
 feited their Infallibility by what I 
 have proved hitherto againft them, 
 we have further Reafon to fufpe6t> 
 whether or not the late Plague in 
 1665 was occafioned by that Bale 
 of Cotton imported from Turkey 
 to Holland, and thence to England^ 
 as Dr. Hodges makes irrefregable, 
 and Dr. Mead's Authority indi- 
 fputable 3 which is no lefs a Sub- 
 ject of Wonder and Admiration 
 how many Years we have efcaped 
 from the Plagues that have hap- 
 pened and are frequent in fo ma- 
 ny Parts of Turkey 3 as at Grand 
 Cairo, which is feldome or never 
 free from that Diftemper, at Alexan- 
 dria, Q(o/etta y Conftantmople, Smyrna^ 
 Scanderoon, and Aeppo, from which 
 Places we have the moft confider-* 
 able Import of any of our Neigh- 
 
 bours % 
 
 \ 
 
C *9 a 
 
 bours, and of fuch Goods as are 
 moil receptive of thofe infectious 
 Seeds, fuch as Cotton, Raw Silk, 
 Mohair, &c. And though Coffee 
 may feem lefs dangerous, from its 
 Quality of being more able to re- 
 fift its peftilential Effluvia, yet 
 from the many Coverings the 
 Bales are wrapped in, it is not 
 hard to conceive the contagious 
 Power might be latent in Tome 
 Part of the Packidge 3 which 
 Efcape is the more furprifing and 
 to be wondred at from the great 
 Encreafe of our Trade and Ship- 
 ping which yearly arrive from 
 thole Countries $ and yet to be 
 preferved from the like Misfor- 
 tune near to this 60 Years. 
 
 Gockelius informs us, * " That 
 the Contagion in the fame Year 
 1665 was brought into Germany 
 
 by 
 
 * f'/W. Gockelius depefte, p, 25. 
 
C 
 
 by a Body of Soldiers returning 
 from the Wars in Hungary againit 
 the Turk*, fpread the Infection a- 
 bout Him and Ausburgh^ where he 
 then lived, and befides the Plague, 
 they brought along with them the 
 Hungarian and other malignant Fe- 
 vers, which diffufed themfelves a~ 
 bout the Neighbourhood, where- 
 of many died.* 
 
 And with Submiffion to the 
 wife Judgment and Opinion of 
 thefe learned Triumviri, who have 
 cited no fuller Authority for this 
 Aflfertion than a bare Relation of 
 it from Hodges de (pefte 5 it may be 
 no unreafonable Conjecture to 
 have its firft Progrefs from Hun- 
 gary, Germany, and to Holland, from 
 which laft Place they all have a- 
 greed we certainly received the 
 Contagion 3 and that we have had 
 C c the 
 
 * fW. Gockclius depefte, p. 
 
 x 
 
C '94 
 
 the Plague convey'd to us by the 
 like Means may be found in the 
 tBibliotheca dnotomka^ being brought 
 to us by fome Troops from Bun- 
 gary fent thither againft the Turfa 
 by Henry VI. King of England. 
 
 Dr. Mead, who thinks it necef- 
 fary to premife fomewhat in ge- 
 neral concerning the Propagation 
 of the Plague, might, to the three 
 Caufes he has laid down, of a 
 bad Air, difeafed Perfons, and 
 Goods tranfported from Abroad, 
 have added the Aliment or Diet, 
 becaufe affording Matter to the 
 Juices it does not lefs contribute 
 to the Generation of Difeafes : And 
 it may be obferved, that in the 
 Year before the peftilential Sick- 
 nefs, there was a great Mortality 
 amongft the Cattel from a very 
 wet Autumn, and their Carcafles 
 being fold amongft the ordinary 
 People at a very mean Price, a 
 
 ' 
 
 i great 
 
'95 
 
 great many putted Humours might: 
 proceed from thence ; and this,, in 
 the Opinion of many, was the 
 Source of our late Calamities, when 
 it was obferved this fatal Deftroyer 
 raged with greater Triumph over 
 the common People : And the 
 feeding on unripened and unfound 
 Fruits are frequently charged with 
 a Share in Mifchiefs of this Kind* 
 Galen * is very pofitive in this 
 Matter, and in one Place accufes 
 ^ his great Mafter to Hippocrates 
 with negleding the Conference 
 of too mean a Diet : From this 
 'tis generally obferved, that a 
 Dearth or Famine is the Harbin- 
 ger to a following Plague. And 
 we have an Account from our 
 Merchants trading to Surctt, (Ben* 
 coli, and fome other Parts of the 
 Eaft~lndies, that the Natives are 
 Cc 2 never 
 
 f Lib. i. de differ. Feb. Cap. 3. & de cibis mali 
 boni fucci. t Lib. 6. Obfer. 9. 26. 
 
 
C '9* ] 
 
 never free from that DiftemperJ 
 which is imputed to their low and 
 pitiful Fare. The Europeans, efpe- 
 daily the Englifi, efcaping by their 
 better Diet, by feeding on good 
 Flefli, and drinking of ftrong ge- 
 nerous Wine, which fecures them 
 from the Power of that Malig- 
 nancy. 
 
 Their Hypothefes as widely 
 differ in the very Subftance or 
 Nature of the Peftilence 5 and 
 Dr. * f&tigft] -\ Mead, and || Qutncey, 
 have aflerted, that it proceeds from 
 a Corruption of the Volatile Salts, 
 or the Nitrous Spirit in the Air. 
 
 Dr. * * 'Bradley , from the Num- 
 ber of poifonous Animals, Infects, 
 or Maggots which at that Time 
 are fwimming or driving in the 
 circumambient Air 5 and being 
 
 fucked 
 
 * Linasltgia, p. 32, 33. 34, 35, 37. 4*, 44, 5*. 53, 
 ?4 75- t Short Difcourfe, p. U, 17. || Di/treat 
 Caufer, p. 2(5(5. ** Plagw, Marfeillps, ? 17, 30, 
 
 - 
 
 / 
 
 .<*" 
 
 2* -^ 
 
C '97 3 
 
 fucked into our Bodies along with 
 our Breath, are fufficiently capa- 
 ble of caufing thofe direful De- 
 predations on Mankind called the 
 Plague. Both thefe Opinions are 
 fupported by the Authorities of 
 Learned Men. 
 
 And if Ho^w, &c. have the 
 Suffrages of the greateft of the an- 
 cient Phyficians, with thofe of Wol- 
 fius, Agrkola, Foreftus, Fernelius, e- 
 lint, Carolus de la Font, <&c. Bradley 
 may challenge to him the famed 
 f(ircbir, Idalbigius, Leeuwenbooch, Mor- 
 gagniy <Rgdi, and Mangetuf. 
 
 It is almoft endlefs as well as 
 altogether needlefs, to cite all the 
 Authorities for the different O- 
 pinions, that might be collected 
 from the moft remote Antiquity 
 down to the prefent Age. 
 
 And although it is yet to be 
 contefted, and might be held an 
 occult Quality with thofe learned 
 
 Cen- 
 
 \ 
 
C 
 
 Gentlemen, we {lull find, each 
 Doctor paffes his favourite Opi- 
 nion upon the World with as 
 much Infallibility as a Demon- 
 ftration in Euclid. 
 
 * And for that Opinion of the 
 
 famous f^irchir, about animated 
 
 Worms, (fays Hodges) c I muft 
 
 ' confefs I could never come at 
 
 any fuch Difcovery with the Help 
 
 of the beft Glafles, nor ever 
 
 found the fame difcovered by 
 
 any other 5 but perhaps in our 
 
 cloudy Ifland we are not fo 
 
 c ftiarp'fighted as in the ferene 
 
 c Air of Italy , and with Submif- 
 
 c fion to fo great a Name, it feems 
 
 ' to me very difconfonant to Rea- 
 
 * fon, that fuch a peftilential Se- 
 
 c minium, which is both of a 
 
 ( nitrous and poifonous Nature, 
 
 ^ fhould produce a living Crea- 
 
 i ture. ' 
 
 * HodgesV Limthgiit, p. 6$. 
 
C J 99 3 
 
 ' ture. * And he is well affured, 
 that he is in the right, when he fays, 
 c f Every one of thofe Particulars 
 c are as clear as the Light at 
 c Noon-Day 5 and thofe Expli- 
 
 * cations are fo obvious to be met 
 
 * with in the Writings of the 
 
 * Learned, that it would be loft 
 c Labour to infift upon any fuch 
 c Thing here. 
 
 * Dr. Mead chimes in here very 
 tuneably with Hodges, and is pleafecJ 
 to fay, c That fome Authors have 
 4 imagined Infection to be per- 
 c formed by the Means of Infers, 
 c the Eggs of which may be con- 
 c veyed from Place to Place, and 
 c make the Difeafe when it comes 
 4 to be hatched. As this is a Sup- 
 c pofition grounded upon no Man- 
 c ner of Obfervation, fo I think 
 c there is no need to have Re- 
 4 courfe to it. 9 
 
 Dr. <Brad- 
 
 t Hodges'/ Limilogifi) p. 32? * Short Difaurft, p. 
 
 "\ 
 
Dr. Bradley, who hatches this 
 Diftemper by the fmaller Kind of 
 Infe6ts floating in the Air, is great- 
 ly jealous of his favourite Egg, 
 from which that fatal Cockatrice 
 breaks forth and difperfes Death 
 in every Quarter : He may be feen 
 to promote this Hypothecs in that 
 Difcourfe of his new Improve- 
 ment of Planting, <&c. and with 
 no lefs Purfuit in his late Pam- 
 phlet on the Plague at Marfeilles 5 
 where in his Preface, p. 12, he 
 tells you, ' That to fuppofe this 
 
 * malignant Diftemper is occa- 
 c Honed by Vapours only arifing 
 4 from the Earth, is to lay afide 
 
 * our Reafon, &c. ' 
 
 And it may be farther obferved, 
 That they are as remote from their 
 Confent to one another, as in the 
 diftant Place from whence they 
 would trace its Origin, 
 
 * Dr; 
 
C 2o1 
 
 * Dr. Mead, frorri a bare Trail- 
 fcription of Mattbtu* Vittanus, does 
 affirm, That the Plague in the 
 Year i 3 46, had its firft Rife iri 
 China, advancing through the Eaft- 
 Indies, Syria, Turkey, Crc. and by 
 Shipping from the Levant, brought 
 into Europe, which in the Year 
 1349. feized England. This is di- 
 reftly againft Dt. Bradley, f who 
 fuggefts the Plague is no where 
 to be found in India, China, the 
 South Parts of Africa and America, 
 and has taken the Pains in filling 
 up three Pages in the Defence of 
 this Aflertioti. 
 
 It would be well if their Op* 
 pofition ended here j but when 
 it affects us more near, when their 
 Difference becomes more wide in 
 the very Means of our Preferva- 
 tion, and what by one is laid 
 D d down 
 
 * Short Diftwrfe, p. jo* t Plfig*& Marfeilles, p, i j, 
 32, 33, 
 
202 
 
 down as a foveraign and real 
 Good, to be returned by another 
 as the moft fatal and deftm&ive, 
 is a Weight of no frnall Confe- 
 quence, nor a lefs melancholly 
 Refle&ion, if it mould pleafe God 
 to inflift us with the fame Cala- 
 mities. 
 
 And as to thofe prefervative 
 Means which the Government 
 have only a Power to direct, the 
 making of large Fires in the Streets, 
 as has been pra&ifed in the Times 
 of Contagion, is a Point largely 
 contefted. 
 
 Dr. Hodges * feems inveterate 
 againft this Cuftom, and tells us, 
 
 * That before three Days were 
 4 expired after the Fires made in 
 
 * 1665, the moft fatal Night en- 
 ' fued, wherein more than 4000 
 ' expired 3 the Heavens both 
 
 c mourn'd 
 
 ; 
 
 p. 20. 
 
C 2 5 
 
 c mourned fo many Funerals, and 
 c wept for the fatal Miftake, fo 
 c as to extinguifh even the Fires 
 
 * with their Showers. May Po- 
 4 fterity, (fays he) be warned by 
 c this Miftake, and not like Em- 
 c pericks, apply a Remedy where 
 
 * they are ignorant of the Caufe. 
 
 And Dr. Mead * has an Eye to 
 this Remark, when he tells us, 
 c The fatal Succefs of the Trials 
 c in the laft Plague is more than 
 c fufficient to dilcourage any far- 
 c ther Attempts of this Nature. ' 
 Whereas on the contrary, the ma- 
 king of Fires in the Streets were 
 pradtifed from the greateft Anti- 
 quity, and fupported by Mayerne, 
 Butler, and Harvey in the two great 
 Plagues before the Year 1665, 
 and recommended by Dr. m- 
 cey \ for the Diffipation of Pefti- 
 D d i lential 
 
 * Short Difcourfc, p, 46, f Lhwlofi* Cwfa wd 
 Cures, p. 281. 
 
 
20 4 
 
 lential Vapours, <(src. And with- 
 out all manner of Difpute, Dr. 
 Bradley * muft be wholly on his 
 Side, when he tells us, c That the 
 Year 1665, was the laft that we 
 can fay raged in London, which 
 
 * might happen from the Deft-ru- 
 ction of the City by Fire the 
 
 ' following Year 1666, and be- 
 ' fides the deftroying of the Eggs 
 
 * or Seeds of thofe poifonous A- 
 c nimals that were then in the 
 
 ftagnating Air, might likewife 
 
 * purifie the Air in fuch a Man- 
 1 ner as to make it unfit for the 
 
 Nourifhment of others of the 
 
 * fame kind, which were fwim- 
 1 ming or driving in the circum- 
 
 * ambient Air. 
 
 What has been faid of Fires is 
 likewife to be underftood of firing 
 of Guns, which fome have too 
 
 rafhly 
 
 * flogue Marfeilles, p. 9. 
 
20 5 3 
 
 rafhly advifed. Says Dr. Mead *, 
 1 The proper Correction of the 
 
 * Air would be to make it frefli 
 4 and cool. ' And here quotes from 
 the Practice of the Arabians out of 
 ^ja^es de re Medica, &c. Dr. Quin- 
 cey f f That as the Air being ftill 
 and as it were ftagnate at fuch 
 c Times, and as it favours the 
 1 Collection of poifonous Eflflu- 
 ' via, and aggravates Infe&ion, 
 4 thinks it more effe&ual to let off 
 
 * fmali Parcels of the common 
 4 'Ptt/Vw Fulminant, which muft af- 
 ' ford a greater Shock to the Air 
 
 * by its Explofion than by the 
 
 * largeft Pieces of Ordnance. ' In 
 favour of which laft AlTertion, the 
 Experience both of Soldiers, will 
 juftifie the firing of great Guns 
 and Ordnance, which -is frequent- 
 ly ufed in Camps, for the DiiTi- 
 
 2 pation 
 
 * Short Difcwrft, p. 46. t Lfinltgi, p. 3183. 
 
[ 206 ] 
 
 pation of the colle&ed peftilential 
 Atoms, which by Concuflion as 
 well as its conftituent Parts of 
 Nitre and Sulphur, tend greatly 
 to the Purification of the grofler 
 Atmofphere within the Compafs 
 of their Activity 3 and by the 
 Seamen in their Voyages in the 
 Southern Parts of the World, when 
 fometimes the Air is fo grofs, and 
 hangs fo low upon them, as to be 
 almoft fuffocated. And in the 
 late Plague at MarfeiHes the con- 
 riant firing of great Guns at Morn- 
 ing and Evening, by the Appoint- 
 ment of Monfieur le Marquis de Lon- 
 geron their Governour, was efteem- 
 ed of great Relief to the Inhabi- 
 tants. 
 
 Nay, their Conteft will not end 
 in a Pipe of Tobacco, againft 
 which Dr. Hodges * declares him- 
 
 felf 
 
 11 Irimdogi*, p, 
 
C 20 7 3 
 
 felf a profefs'd Enemy: * But whe- 
 
 * ther (fays he) we regard the 
 
 * narcotick Quality of this Am- 
 1 mm Henbane 3 or the poifonous 
 4 Oil which exhales from it in 
 
 * Smoaking, or that prodigious 
 1 Difcharge of Spittle which it oc- 
 4 cafions, and which Nature wants 
 e for many other important Oo 
 4 cafions, befides the Aptitude of 
 c the peftilential Poifon to be taken 
 4 down along with it 5 he chofc 
 
 * rather to fupply its Place with 
 c Sack. 
 
 Dr. 'Bradley * redeems it from 
 this low Character, and reprefents 
 it as a great Antidote in the laft 
 Plague Anno 1665. i TheDiftem- 
 1 per did not reach thofe who 
 t Imoak'd Tobacco every Day, 
 1 but particularly it was judged 
 { beft to fmoak in a Morning : 
 
 ' He 
 
 Marfeilks, p 
 
 . 
 
[ 2 o8] 
 
 c He farther gives you an Account 
 1 of a famous Phyfician, who in 
 c the peftilential Time took every 
 ' Morning a Cordial to guard 
 4 his Stomach, and after that a 
 c Pipe or two, before he went to 
 4 vifit his Patients 5 at the fame 
 4 time he had an Iffue in his Arm, 
 4 by which, when it begun to 
 4 fmart, he knew he had received 
 4 fome Infection (as he fays) and 
 4 then had reeourfe to his Cordial 
 c and his Pipe. ' By this Means 
 only he preferved himfelf, as fe- 
 veral others did at that Time by 
 the fame Method. 
 
 I could heartily wifh thole wor- 
 thy Gentlemen had ftruck in with 
 greater Harmony to the Satisfa- 
 ction and Security of the People, 
 whofe Expectations were greatly 
 raifed by the Hopes of their Af- 
 fiftance, by gaining a greater Light 
 into the Nature, Quality, Sym- 
 ptoms, 
 
C 20 9 3 
 
 ptoms, and Affe&ions of this de- 
 ftrudive 111, to have promoted 
 their Safety, by giving the necef- 
 fary Indications relating to the 
 Cure, as well as the neceflary Pre- 
 cautions in order to guard us from 
 that fecret Attack which may ap- 
 proach us by very minute and 
 unheeded Caufes 3 the which, from 
 their different Notions and pofi- 
 five Contradictions, lay too deep 
 from the narrow Re-fearches of 
 thofe Philofophizing and Learned 
 Gentlemen, and for the Manner 
 whereby it kills, its Approaches 
 are generally fo fecret, that Per- 
 fons feiz'd with it feem to be fal- 
 len into an Ambufcade or a Snare, 
 of which there was no Manner of 
 Sufpicion. And there are very 
 few Difcourfes relating to the Pe- 
 ftilence but what abound in ma- 
 ny Inftances of this kind : And 
 the Learned Boccace, in his Admi- 
 rable Defcription of the Plague at 
 E e Florence 
 
C 2I 
 
 Florence (quoted by Dr. Mead * An- 
 no 1348) relates what himfelf faw, 
 4 That two Hogs finding in the 
 c Streets Tome Rags which had been 
 c thrown off from a poor Man dead 
 c of the Difeafe, after fnuffling up- 
 c on them, and tearing them with 
 c their Teeth, fell into Convulfions, 
 c and died in lefs than an Hour. 
 
 The Misfortune which happened 
 in the Ifland of Bermudas about 25 
 Years fince, which Account is from 
 Dr. Halky A Sack of Cotton put 
 afliore by Srealth, lay above a 
 Month without any Prejudice to the 
 People of the Houfe where.it was 
 hid i but when it came to be di- 
 ftiibuted among the Inhabitants, it 
 carried fuch a Contagion along with 
 it, that the Living fcarce fufficed to 
 bury the Dead. 
 
 And Dr. Qulncey f has fome- 
 where read a ftrange Story in 
 
 * Short Difcourfe, p. 24. 
 
 t L9jwfflogfa } Qttufif and Curs f> p 255^ 
 
[ "I ] 
 
 ker's Chronicle, * of a great Roc 
 
 * amongft Sheep, which was not 
 
 * quite rooted out until about Four- 
 ' teen Years time, that was brought 
 
 * into England by a Sheep bought 
 1 for its uncommon Largenefs, in 
 
 * a Country then infected with the 
 ' fame Diftemper.' 
 
 Fracaftorius *, an eminent Italian 
 Phyfician, tells us, c That in the 
 ' Year 1511, when the Germans 
 
 * were in Pofleffion of ferona, there 
 c arofe a deadly Difeafe amongft 
 4 the Soldiers, from the wearing 
 
 * only of a Coat purchafed for a 
 1 fmall Value ; for it was obferved, 
 
 * that every Owner of it foon fick- 
 4 ned and died ; until at laft the 
 
 * Caufe of ic was fo manifestly 
 
 * known from fome Infection in the 
 
 * Coat, that it was ordered to be 
 ' burned. ' Ten thoufand Perfons, 
 he fays, were computed to fall by 
 this Plague before it ceafed. 
 
 E e 2 And 
 
 , . . >i 
 
 * DC Morbis Contag. Lib. II. Cap. 7. 
 
C 2J 2 
 
 And f^epbale, in his Medela 
 ttit, printed Anno 1665, acquaints 
 us, That the following Plagues 
 were produced from the following 
 Caufes. 
 
 That in the Year 1603, the 
 contagious Seeds were brought to 
 England amongft Seamens Clothes 
 in Wbite-Cba^d j and in that Year 
 there died of the Plague 30561. 
 
 That in the Year 1625, was 
 bred and produced by rotten Mut- 
 ton at Stepney j of which died 
 35403 Perfons. 
 
 That in the Year 1650, was 
 brought to us by a Bale of Carpets 
 from Turkey, of which died 1317 
 Perfons. 
 
 That in the Year 1636, was 
 brought over to us by a Dog from 
 Amfterdam - t of which died 10400 
 Perfons. 
 
 That in the Year 1665, was 
 brought from Turkey in, a Bale of 
 Cotton to H0//W, thence to Eng- 
 land y 
 
C 2 
 
 land ; in this great Plague died no 
 lefs than 100,000 People. 
 
 And at Marfeilles, in this prefent 
 Year 1720, the Plague has fwept 
 away more than 70000 Perfons, 
 which was brought in Goods from 
 Sidon, a fam'd and ancient City and 
 Sea- port in $h*enfria 9 and the lame 
 which fometimes is mentioned in 
 Holy Writ. 
 
 From the Neighbourhood of this 
 laft Contagion, the frightful Ap- 
 prehenfions of the People are rais'd 
 to the greateft Height 5 and when 
 every one is confulting his own Se- 
 curity, how to guard and prefer v? 
 himfelf from that dreadful Enemy, 
 nothing can come more feafonably 
 to their Relief, than to lay before 
 them a Compendium of the beft and 
 approved Rules for their Con- 
 dud: i to which End I have care- 
 fully collected, from the fucccfsful 
 Practice of Dr. Glijfon, Sir Thorns 
 ton, Dr. Cbarlton, and other 
 
 Learned 
 
Learned Phyficians in the lad Plague, 
 with what only may be of Ufe 
 from the abounding Prefcripts of 
 thofe who have lately published, 
 and as this Evil is fupported through- 
 out the general Practice, it appears 
 to be the Refult of the Reafoning 
 of fome of the Learned Sons of 
 JSfculapiut, to marflial into the 
 Field as many Compofitions as if 
 only by their Number they might 
 be able to pull down the Tyranny 
 of this fatal Deftroyer. 
 
 It would be a Work infuperable, 
 and altogether foreign to the Me- 
 thod I have gone by, to extract all 
 the Medicines which fome Writers 
 abound with for this End , it is our 
 Bufinefs here chiefly to take Notice of 
 that faving %egimn t that Rule of 
 Self-governing, which proved more 
 fuccelsful in the Prefervation of the 
 People in the late Plague, than all 
 the abounding Noftrums that have 
 been crouded into the Practice, the 
 
 which 
 
C5 
 
 which has become a due Reproach 
 to the Faculty. 
 
 "furpe eft Doftori, quern culfa redarguit iffum. 
 
 And it is here worthy of our firfl 
 Remark, That the laft Plague, in 
 the Year 1 665, as well from the 
 late Accounts we have of that ac 
 Marjeilles, the poorer Sort of Peo- 
 ple were thofe that moftly fuffered, 
 which can only be attributed to 
 their mean and low Fare, whereas 
 the moft nutritive and generous 
 Diet fliould be promoted, and fuch 
 'as generate a warm, and rich Blood, 
 Plenty of Spirits, and what eafily 
 perfpires, which otherwiie would 
 be apt to ferment and generate 
 Corruption. 
 
 Your greateft Care is, to have 
 your Meat fweet and good, nei- 
 ther too moift nor flafhy, having 
 a certain Regard to fuch as may 
 create an eafy Digeftion, and ob- 
 ferving that roafted Meats on thofe 
 Occasions fhould be preferred ; as 
 i Beer* 
 
] 
 
 Beef, Mutton, Lamb, Veniion, 
 Turkey, Capon, Pullet, Chicken, 
 Pheafant, and Partridge : But Pid- 
 geon, and moft Sort of Wild 
 and Sea Fowl to be rejected : Sale 
 Meats to be cautioufly ufed : all 
 hoc, dry, and fpicey Seafonings to 
 be avoided -, moft Pickles and rich 
 Sauces to be encouraged, with the 
 often Uie of Garlick, Onion, and 
 Shallot 5 the cool, acid, and acrid 
 Herbs and Roots, as Lettuce, Spin- 
 nage, CrelTes, Sorrel, Endive, and 
 Sellery ; all windy Things, which 
 are (ubject to Putrefaction, to be 
 refrained, as all kind of Pulfe, 
 Cabbage, Colliflower, Sprouts, Me- 
 lons, Cucumbers, CTT. as alfo moft 
 Slimmer Fruits, excepting Mulber- 
 ries, Quinces, Pomegranates, Raf- 
 pers, Cherries, Currants, and Straw, 
 berries, which are of Service when 
 moderately eat of. 
 
 All light an j vifc'd Subftances 
 to be avoided; as Pork, moft Sorts 
 
 of 
 
C 2I 7 
 
 of Fidi, of the latter that may be 
 eat, are Soles, Plaife, Flounder, 
 Trout, Gudgeon, Lobfter, Cray- 
 fifh, and Shrimps, no Sort of Pond-' 
 Fifh being good 5 and for your 
 Sauce, freih melted Butter, or Oil 
 mixed with Vinegar or Verjuice, 
 the Juice of Sorrel, Pomegranates, 
 Barberries, of Lemon or Seville O- 
 range, which two laft are to be 
 preferred, from their Power of re-* 
 lifting all Manner of Putrefa&ion, 
 as well to cool the violent Heat of 
 the Stomach, Liver, Or. 
 
 For your Bread, to be light, and 
 rather ftale than new, not to drink 
 much of Malt Liquors, avoiding 
 that which is greatly Hopped, or 
 too much on the ferment, Mead and 
 Metheglin are of excellent life, and 
 good Wines taken moderately are 
 a ftrong Prefervative, Sack efpecially 
 being accounted the moft Soveraign 
 and the greateft Alcxipharmick ; 
 Excefs is dangerous to the moft 
 F f healthy 1 
 
C 
 
 healthy Conftitution, which may 
 beget Inflammations of fatal Con- 
 fecjuence in peftilential Cafes. 
 
 Let none go Home fading, every 
 one, as they can procure, to take 
 fomething as may refift Putrefa- 
 dtion j fome may take Garlick with 
 Bread and Butter, a Clove two 
 or three, or with Rue, Sage, Sor- 
 rel, dipt in Vinegar, the Spirit of 
 Oil of Turpentine frequently drank 
 in fmall Dofes is of great Ufe , as 
 alfo to lay in fteep over-Night, of 
 Sage well bruis'd two Handfuls, of 
 Wormwood one Handful, of Rue 
 half a Handful, put to them in an 
 Earthen Veffel four Quarts of Mild 
 Beer 5 which in the Morning to be 
 drank failing. 
 
 The Cuftom that prevails now 
 of drinking Coffee, Bohea-Tea, or 
 Chocolate, with Bread and Butter, 
 is very good j at their going abroad 
 'tis proper to carry Rue, Ange- 
 lica, Mafterwort, Myrtle, Scordia- 
 num 
 
num or Water-Germander, Worm- 
 wood, Valerian or Setwal-Root, 
 Virginian Snake-Root, or Zedoary 
 in their Hands to fmell to, or of 
 Rue one Handful ftampt in a Mor- 
 tar, put thereto Vinegar enough to 
 moiften it, mix them 'well, then 
 ftrain out the Juice, wet a Piece of 
 Sponge or a Toaft of brown Bread 
 therein, tie it in a Bit of thin Cloth 
 to fmell to. 
 
 But there is nothing more grate* 
 ful and efficacious than the volatile 
 Sal Armorim^ well impregnated 
 with the eflential Oils of aromatick 
 Ingredients, which may be pro- 
 cured dry, and kept in fmall Bot- 
 tles, from a careful Diftillation of 
 the common Sal Volatile Oleofum. 
 
 Sometimes more foetid Subftances 
 agree better with fome Perfons than 
 the more grateful Scents, of which 
 the moft uleful Competitions may be 
 made of Rue, Featherfew, Galbanum, 
 djfafotida, and the like, with the Oil 
 Ff 2 o? 
 
[ 220 
 
 of Wormwood, the Spirit or Oil 
 drawn and dropc upon Cotton, fo 
 kept in a clofe Ivory Box, though 
 with Caution to be ufed, the often 
 fmelling to, dilating the Pores of 
 the Olfactory Organs, which may 
 give greater Liberty for the pefti- 
 lential Air to go along with it. A 
 Piece of Orris Root kept in the 
 Mouth in pafling along the Streets, 
 or of Garlick, Orange or Lemon 
 Peel, or Clove, are of very great 
 Service. As alfo Lozenges of the 
 following Composition, which are 
 always profitable to be ufed failing > 
 of Citron Peel two Drams, Ze~ 
 doary, Angelica, of each, prepaid 
 in Rofe Vinegar, half 3, Dram, Ci- 
 tron Seeds, Wood of Aloes, Orris, 
 of each two Scruples, Saffron, Cloves, 
 Nutmeg, one Scruple, Myrrh, Am- 
 bergreale, of each fix Grains, Sugar- 
 candy one Ounce j make into Lo- 
 zenges with Guru Traganth an4 
 Role-water, 
 * I know 
 
C 221 1 
 
 I know not indeed a greater Ne- 
 glect than not keeping the Body clean, 
 and the keeping at a diftance any thing 
 fuperfluous and offenfive, to keep the 
 Houfe airy and frefh, and moderately 
 cool, and to ftrew it with Herbs, 
 Ruffies, and Boughs, which yield re-r 
 freming Scents, and contribute much 
 to the purifying of the Air, and re- 
 fifting the Infection ; of this kind all 
 Sorts of Ruflies and Water Flags, 
 Mint, Balm, Camomil Grafs, Hyflbp, 
 Thyme, Pennyroyal, Rue, Worm- 
 wood, Southernwood, Tanfy, Coft- 
 mary, Lime-tree, Oak, Beech, WaU 
 nut, Poplar, Afh, Willow, <&c. A 
 frequent Change of Clothes, and a 
 careful drying or airing them abroad, 
 with whisking and cleaning of them 
 from all Manner of Filth and Duft, 
 which may harbour Infection, as it is 
 likewife to keep the Windows open ac 
 Sun-Rife till the Setting, efpecially to 
 the North and Eaft, for the cold Blafts 
 from thofe Quarters temper the Ma- 
 lignity of peftilential Airs. 
 
r 222 
 
 Prefervative Fumigations are largely 
 talked of by all on thofe Occafions, 
 and they with good Reafon defervc 
 to be practifed. And of the great 
 Number of Aromatick Roots and 
 Woods, I ftiould chiefly prefer Storax, 
 Benjamin, Frankinfenfe, Myrrh, and 
 Amber, the Wood of Juniper, Cy- 
 prefs and Cedar, the Leaves of Bays 
 and Rofemary, and the Smell of Tarr 
 and Pitch is no ways inferior to any 
 of the reft, where its Scent is not 
 particularly offenfive, obferving the 
 burning of any or more of thofe In- 
 gredients at fuch proper Diftances of 
 Time from each other, that the Air 
 may always be fenfibly impregnated 
 therewith, 
 
 Amongft the Simples of the Vegi- 
 table Kind, Virginian Snake-Root can- 
 not be too much admired, and is de- 
 lervedly accounted the moft Diapho- 
 retick and Alexipharmick for expelling 
 the peftilemial Poifon $ its Dofe, finely 
 powdered, is from four or fix Grains 
 
 to 
 
C 225 ] 
 
 to two Scruples, in a proper Vehicle ; 
 due Regard being had to the Strength 
 and Age of the Patient. 
 
 The next is generally given to the 
 Contrayerva Root, (from which al(b 
 a Compound Medicine is admirably 
 contrived, and made famous by its 
 Succefs in the laft Plague,-) the Dofe 
 of this in fine Powder is from one 
 Scruple to a Dram, in Angelica or 
 Scordium Water, or in Wine, tsrc. 
 
 There are other Roots likewife of 
 which many valuable Compounds are 
 form'd in order to effect that with an 
 united Force which they could not do 
 fingly ,* in this Clafs are the Roots of 
 Angelica, Scorzonera, Butterbur, Ma- 
 fterwort, Tormentil, Zedoary, Gar- 
 lick, Elicampane, Valerian, Birthwort, 
 Gentian, Bitany, and many others, 
 which may be found in other Writings. 
 
 Ginger, whether in the Root, pow- 
 der'd, and candy'd deferve our Re- 
 gard i for it is very powerful both to 
 raife a breathing Sweat and defend 
 
2I 4 
 
 the Spirits againft the peftilential Im- 
 preffion. 
 
 From thefe Roots may be made 
 Extracts, either with Spirit of Wine or 
 Vinegar, for it is agreed by all, that 
 the moft fubtil Particles collected to- 
 gether, and divefted of their grofler 
 and unprofitable Parts, become more 
 efficacious in Medicinal Cafes. 
 
 The Leaves of Vegetables moft us'd 
 in Practice are Scordiam, Rue, Sage, 
 Veronica, the lelTerCataury, Scabious, 
 Pimpinel, Marygolds, and Baum, from 
 which, on Occafion, feveral FormuU 
 are contrived. 
 
 Good Vehicles to wafh down and 
 to facilitate the taking of many other 
 Medicines, fliould be made of the 
 Waters diftilled from thofe Herbs while 
 they are frefh and fragrant (having 
 not yet loft their volatile Salt) for thole 
 which are commonly kept in the Shop, 
 are infipid and of little Ufe. 
 
 - 
 
 FINIS. 
 

 '