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 LIVES 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Primitive Fathers.
 
 Imprimatur, 
 
 Hie Liber ( cui Titulus APOSTOLIC L8cc.) 
 
 Mali 10. 
 
 G. J A N E R. P. D. Hen. Epifc. Lond, 
 a Sacris Domefticis.
 
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 (^hriftian Church, 
 
 5v WILLIAM CAVE.DD 
 
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 ( ^77^:/rt:^^ WtLJ±S^^' 
 
 A P S r L I C I: . . 
 
 OR, THE ({ijiU^l^ 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 MARTYRDOMS 
 
 OF THOSE 
 
 Who were Coiitempomry with, or immediately 
 
 Succeeded the APOSTLES. 
 
 As alfo the mofl Eminent of the 
 
 Primitive Fathers 
 
 For the Firft Three Hundred Years. 
 
 To which ii added, A 
 
 CHRONOLOGY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Three Firft Ages of the Church. 
 By W I L L I A M CAVE, D. D. 
 
 Ch.iplain in Ordinary to His MAJESTY. 
 
 Tlic .S'cxond Edition ( onc<.lcd. 
 Eufcb. Hifl. Reel. I. 3. c. 37. p. 109. 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 Printed by J. R. for Richard Chi fare/ :it the Pofe ami Crown in 
 
 S. /^^///'s Churcli-Y.ud. MDCLXXXII.
 
 T ?, 
 
 L ,. • ■ ■-
 
 T O T H {•. 
 
 RIGHT llONOURABLF. 
 
 A N D 
 
 Right Reverend Lather in God 
 
 NATHANAEL 
 
 Lord Bilhop of D U K H A Al, 
 
 Clerk of tljc CloCct, 
 
 And one of His Majesties mofl Hon our aide 
 PRIVY-COUNCIL. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 HAT I once more pre- 
 ilniie to give your Lord- 
 ihipthe trouble of fuch 
 an Addrefs, is not from 
 any confidence I have in 
 the value of thefe Papers^ 
 but partly becaufe I well 
 know, that your Lord- 
 fhips candor and charity will be ready to 
 pardon the fault.'i, and to cover the weak- 
 nelles of the Undertaking, partly becaufe 
 I thought it very reafonable and decorous, 
 there to otfer the Kemaniin^ Portions, w here 
 I had con iec rated the F//// Fruits. 
 
 My Lord, 
 You will here meet witli Perfonsof your 
 own Qiiality and Order, Men Great' and 
 
 ^v.V".'^v•v.•'■.•\. .,
 
 Th Epijt/e Dedicator). 
 
 Venerable, whole excellent Learning and 
 exemplary Lives,\vhore Piety and Patience, 
 Zeal and Charity ,Sobriety and Contempt of 
 the World, rendred them the honour oi 
 their Times, and recommended them as in- 
 comparable Examples to Pofterity. We may 
 here fee in more inllances than one, the E- 
 pifcopal Order immediately deriving it 
 lelf from Apojlolic hands : whereof, were not 
 fome men Itrangely bialfed by Paflion and 
 Prejudice, there could be no ihadow of di- 
 fpute. For he that can read the Lives of 
 Timothy and Titm, of Ignatius, Volycarp, &c. and 
 yet fancy them to have been no more than 
 meer Pari(h-Priefts,that only fuperintend- 
 ed a little Congregation, mull: needs betray 
 either prodigious Ignorance,or unreafona- 
 ble Partiahty. Here alfo we may find what 
 a mighty reverence thefe Firft and better 
 Ages had for the Governours of the 
 Church, and the Guides of Souls -, no re- 
 fpeds being then thought great enough. 
 Wherein they aded agreeably not only 
 to the Rules of Chriftianity, but to the 
 common fenfe of mankind. And indeed 
 with what Honours and Dignities, what 
 Rights and Revenues, what Privileges and 
 Immunities the Sacred YanUioii has been in- 
 vefted in all Ages and Nations, as well the 
 rude and barbarous,as the more polite and 
 civilized Countreys, I could abundantly 
 ihew, were it as proper to this place as it is 
 necellary to the Age we live in. For we 
 
 are
 
 'The Epijl/c Dedicatory. 
 
 arc fiilJai into the worfl: of Times, wherein 
 niLMi have lu'cn taught , by bad Trinciplcs 
 and woric Practices, to defpife the holy 
 Order, and to le\cl it with themeanelt of 
 the l^cople. And this done not only by 
 prof-ell Enemies [for then we could have torn it ) 
 nut by pretended //7>////j, who feem to have 
 a hii^h zeal for Rch"o-ion and thcmfclves 
 By which means the hands of evil men 
 have been ltrenL'thened,and the delimisof 
 thole fufKciently gratified, who 'tis like 
 would rejoice at the mine of us both. I 
 confefs that the Perfons and Credit of the 
 Regular Clergy Ihould by fome men be 
 treated w ith Contempt and Secern , is the 
 lefs to be wondred at, when Religion it felf 
 is not lecure from the rude and Bold raille- 
 ries of fome, and the ferious attempts of o- 
 thers, who gravely delign to baniih the awe 
 of Religion, and the impreilions of what- 
 ever is Divine and Sacred out of the minds 
 of men, "'"• 
 
 But, My Lord, It is not my defign to en- 
 tertain your Lordihip with an invective a- 
 gaiiill the Iniquity oi the Times. I had ra- 
 tnerlilently bewail them,and heartily pray 
 for their reformation , that the belt of 
 Churches may profper and fiourilh under 
 the bell of Princes. May Her Peace and 
 Order be prcicrved inviolable,her Liturgy 
 and Divine Offices univerially comphed 
 with , Her Solemn Allembhes duly fre- 
 quented. Her Canons and Conltitutions 
 
 t ob-
 
 The Epijlle Dedicatory. 
 
 obferved and pracliled ! May Her Vriejis be 
 cloatbed with Ktghteoufnefs, and ntle t) found Do^ 
 ^rine both to Exhort and to Convince Gainjajers I 
 May they be laborious in their Minifte- 
 ries, and be very highly efteemed in love, at leall 
 for their relation to God and their Works 
 fake ! May Her Governours diligently fu- 
 perintend the Flock of God, and they that rule 
 well, be accounted worthy of double Honour ! In 
 which number may your Lordfcip Ihare a 
 double portion ! May you fill up all the 
 meafures of a wife and able Counlellour in 
 the Sate, and of a faithful and vigilant Co- 
 ver nour in the Church ! To all which 
 great and holy ends, if the following Pa- 
 pers ( wherein thefe things are reprefented 
 in lively inftances ) may be capable of con- 
 tributing any aflillance, and in the leaft 
 meafure ferviceable to rctrive the Primi- 
 tive temper and fpirit of Religion, it will 
 be thought an invaluable compenfation of 
 the mean endeavours of 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 Your Lordfhips faithful 
 
 and aflFedionate Servant, 
 
 WILLIAM CAVE. 
 
 TO
 
 T O T H E 
 
 READER. 
 
 ^: ' OV-^"' '^ T is not the Icall argument for the fpiririul 
 
 and incorporeal Nature othumane fouls, 
 and that the\' are aded by a higher princi- 
 ple than meer Matter ; and Motion, their 
 boundlefs and inquifitive refearches after 
 knowledge. Our minds naturall}' grafp at a 
 kind of Omnifciencv,and not content with 
 the fpeculations of this or that particular Science,huntover 
 the whole courfe ot Nature^ nor are they fatisfied w ith the 
 prefent rtate of things,but purfue the notices of former Ages, 
 and are defirous to comprehend whatever tranfactions have 
 been finceTime it felf had a Being. We endeavour to make 
 up the Ihortnefs of our lives by the extent of our knowled'^ej 
 and becaufe we cannot fee forwards and fpy what lies con- 
 cealed in the Womb of Futurity, we look back, and eagerly 
 trace the Footfteps of tliofi- Times that went before us. In- 
 deed to be ignorant of what happened before we our felvcs 
 came into the World, is (as Cicero truly obfervesj to be al-^Zfm""' 
 ways children, and to deprive our felves of what would at 
 once entertain our minds with the highelf pleafure,and add 
 the greatelf authority and advantage to us. The knowled'^e 
 ot Antiquit\-, befidesthat it gratifies one of our noblcll cu- 
 riolities, improves our minds by the wifdom of preceding 
 Ages,acquaints us with the moll remarkable occurrences ut 
 the Divine Providence, and prefents us with the moll apt 
 and proper rules and inlhmces that mav form us to a lite ut 
 true rhiIoloph\- and vertue 3 Hiaor\- {(^vs nucyMc{es)hcm^ Itl^'Z 
 nothing elfe but l^.\-;.x U r^f^ayudjcoy, Philvfophy c/rarr?ifromi-!,j'^6 
 Examples : the one is a more grofs and popular Philufo- ^'"'"•*- 
 ph\-, the other a more fubtle and rehned Hillory. 
 
 Thele conliderations, together with a deflre to perpetuate 
 the memorv ot brave and great ae"i:ions,gave birth to Hillu- 
 rv, and obhged mankind to tranfmit the more obfervabL 
 paflagesboth ot their own and foregoing Timc^ to the no- 
 tice ol Pollenty. The firll in this kind was Mofes, the great 
 
 t 2 Prince 
 
 P65.
 
 Tff the R E A D E R. 
 
 Prince and Legiilator of the Jemjh Nation, who from the 
 Creation of the World convcAcd down the Records of a- 
 bove MM DL. years 5 the fame courfe being more or lefs 
 continued through all the periods of the JemJh State. A- 
 mong the Babyloriians they had their public Archives, which 
 were tranfcribcd by Berofm the Prieft of Belii^.who compo- 
 fed the Chaldean Hiftory. The Egypians were wont to re- 
 cord their memorable A(5ts upon Pillars in Hieroglyphic 
 Jiotes and facrcd Chara(5ters, firit begun ( as they pretend) 
 by Thouthy or the firft of their Mercuries 3 out of which 
 Manethos their Chief Prieft colleded his three Books of Egy- 
 ftian Dynafties, which he dedicated to Ptolomy Philadelphiis, 
 fecond of that line. The Ph(e?iician Hiftory was firft attem- 
 ted by Sanchoniathon,digc{\.cd partly out of the Annals of Ci- 
 ties,partly out of the Books kept in the Temple,and commu- 
 nicated to him by Jerombaal Prieft of the God Joa : this he 
 dedicated to Abibalm King of Berytm, which Philo Byblius 
 about the time of the Emperouri4^r/^« tranflated into Greel^ 
 The Greeks boaft of the Antiquity of Cadmiis,Archilochm,2ixA 
 many others,though the moft ancient of their Hiftorians 
 now extant, are HerodotmXhucydides,-\vA Xenophon. Among 
 the Romans the foundations of Hiftory were laid in Annals, 
 the public A6ts of every year being made up by the Pontifex 
 Maximws, who kept them at his own houfe, that the people 
 upon any emergency might refort to them for fatisfadtion. 
 Thefe were the Annales Maximiy and afforded excellent ma- 
 terials to thofe who afterwards wrote the Hiftory of that 
 great and powerful Commonwealth. 
 
 But that which of all others challenges the greateft regard 
 both as it more immediately concerns the prefent enquiry, 
 and as it contains accounts of things relating to our biggeft 
 interefts, is the Hiftory of the Church. For herein, as in a 
 Glafs, we have the true face of the Church in its feveral Ages 
 reprefented to us. Here we find with what infinite care thofe 
 Divine Records, which are the great inftruments of our eter- 
 nal happinefs, have through the feveral periods of time been 
 conveyed down to us , with what a mighty fuccefs Religion 
 has triumphed over the greateft oppofitions, and fprcad its 
 Banners in the remoteft corners of the World. With how in- 
 comparable a zeal good men have co7ite?ided ear7ieftly for that 
 Faith which wa6 once delivered to the Saints-^wxh. what a bitter 
 
 and
 
 To the R K A D E R. 
 
 and inipKicahlcfliry the Enemies of Religion have fer upon 
 it, and liow (ignally the Divine Providence has appeared in 
 its prefervation, and returned the mifehief upon their own 
 heads. Here we lee the conllant fuccellion of Bilhops and 
 theMinillers oF Rehi;ion in their fcveral (tations, the glori- 
 ous compdvy of the Apojtles^the gooc/hfellowlhip of the Prophets, 
 the 7wbte Army of Martyrs, wlio with the molt eheartul and 
 compofed minds have gone to Heaven tlirough the acutell 
 torments. In lliorr, we have here the molt admirable exam- 
 ples of a divine and religious Lite, of a real and unfeigned 
 Piet\', a lincereand univerfal Charity, a ilncl: Temperance 
 and Sobriety, and unconquerable Patience and Submillion 
 clearly reprefented to us. And the Jiigher we go, the more il- 
 lultrious are the inltances of Piety and Vertue. For however 
 later Ages may have improved in knowledge, Experience 
 dail\' making new additions to Arts and Sciences, ycc former 
 Times were molt eminent for the practice and vertues of a 
 hol\ life. The Divine Laws while newly publilhed, had a * 
 itronger inriuencc upon the minds of men, and thefpint of 
 Religion was more active and vigorous, till men bv degrees 
 began to be debauched into that impiety and prophanenefs, 
 that in thefe lalt Times has over-run the World. 
 
 It \\ere altogether needlefs and improper for me to confi- 
 der ^\ hat Records there are of the ftate of the Church before 
 our Saviours Incarnation: it is fufficicnt to my purpofe to en- 
 quire by what hands the firtt atfairs of the Chriftian Church 
 have been tranfmirted to us. As for the Life and Death, the 
 Actions and Miracles ot our Saviour, and fomc of the firft 
 acts ot his Apoltles, they are fully reprefented by the Evan- 
 gelical Hiltorians. Indeed immediately after them we meet 
 with nothing of this nature, t/]e Apoltles and their immedi- 
 ate Succellbrs ( as Eufebiiis obferves ) not being at leifure to h^c/./b: 
 write mam Books,as being implored in Minilteries greater '"'^'^^'^ 
 and more immediately ferviceable to the World. The firlt 
 that engaged in this wa\swas Hegefippm.an ancient and Apojlo- 
 lie man (as he in Photiui> Itiles himj an Hehreve by defcent,and c^.232. 
 born^as is probable) in Paleftin. He Hourilhed principally in *"'•*"• 
 the reign ot M. Aurelius, and came to Rome in the time of A- 
 uicetus, where he rciided till the time o( EleutheriusHc wrote 
 five Bookvof EccLliaftical Hiltor\ , which he liikd, Ccmmen- 
 t(iyi"^r.i the Alis of the Church, wherein in a plain and fami- 
 liar
 
 Tff the R E A D E R. 
 
 liar ("tile he defcribed the Apoftles Travels and Preachings, 
 the remarkable paiTages of the Church, the feveral Schifms, 
 Herefies, and Perfecutions that intelled it froni our Lord's 
 death till his own time.But thefe,alas,are long fince loll. The 
 next that fucceeded in this Provmce, though the firft that 
 reduced it to any exacftnefs and perfection, was Eujebius. He 
 was born in Pale[ti?i, about the later times of the Emperour 
 Gallienti^, ordained Presbyter by Agapni6 Bifhop ot Cafarea, 
 who fuffering about the end of the Dioclefian Perfecution, 
 Etifebiiis fucceeded in his See. A man of incomparable parts 
 and learning,and of no lefs induftry and diligence in fearch- 
 ing out the Records and Antiquities of the Church. After 
 feveral other Volumes in defence of the Chrillian Cauie a- 
 gainft thcaiTaults both of the ^fR'^and Ge?itiles\\t fet him- 
 felf to write an Ecclefiaflical Hi/iory,-whcYcm he delignedfas 
 Liki.c.i. himfclf tells us) to recount from the birth of our Lord till 
 ^■^" his time themoft memorable Tranfactions of the Church, 
 
 • the Apoftolical fucce(lions,the firft Preachers and Planters of 
 - the Gofpel, the Bifhops tliat prefided in the moft eminent 
 
 SeeSjthe moft noted Errours and Herefies,the calamities that 
 befel the Jewijh ftate, the attempts and Perfecutions made 
 againft theChriftians by the Powers of the World, the tor- 
 ments and fuflferings of the Mart}'rs,and the blelfed and hap- 
 py period that was put to them by the converfion oiConfian- 
 tine the Great. ^ this accordingly, he digefted in Ten Books, 
 which he compofed in the declining part of his life,and(as Va~ 
 vn.S' ' lefius conjectures) fome years after the Council oi Nice, tho 
 ^Eu!ti when not long before heexprelly affirms that Hiftoryto 
 have been written before the Nicene Synod5how he can here- 
 in be excufed from a palpable contradid:ion, I cannot ima- 
 gine. Tis true Enfebius takes no notice of that Council, but 
 that might be partlv becaufe he defigned to 'Tid in that joy- 
 ful and profpcrous Scene oi\.\\m^s,-^\\\(:\\Cor:jianti7ie reftored 
 to the Church (as he himfelf plainlv intimates in the begin- 
 ning of his Hiftory,)which he was not willing to dilcompofe 
 
 • with the controverfies and contentions of that Svnod,accor- 
 ding to the humour of all Hiftorians,who delight to fluit up 
 their Hiftories with fome happy and fuccefsfui period 5 and 
 partly becaufe he intended to give fome account of the affairs 
 of that Council m his Book of the Life ofCo7ijta7iti7ie the Great. 
 
 The Materials wherewith he was furnifhed for this great 
 
 under-
 
 To the R E A D E K- 
 
 undcrtaking ( which he complains were very riuall aix< ki- 
 conhdcrablc)wcrcbciidcs Hegefippus his Commentaries then 
 cxtanc, Africajiui Iw^Chronoiogy.lhc Books and Wrirings otYc- 
 vcral Fatlicrs, the Records ot particular Cities, Ecclcliaftical 
 tpilUes written by the Bifhops of thole Times, and kept in 
 the Archives ot their fevcral Churches, cipeciallv that famous 
 Librar)' at Jerufalem, erected bv Alexander Bilhop ot that 
 place, but cJiieriy the Acts of the iMartyrs, which in thofe 
 7 imes were taken at large with great care and accuracy. 
 T]ieie,at lealta great man\' of them, Eufebius collected into 
 one Volume, under the Title ot 'Apva/a-*- Ma^'n/piW x^u/a^^.^^, A 
 Colieclion6jtl)e Ancient Martyrdoms j which hc refers to at c- 
 very turn 3 belides a particular Narrative which hc wrote 
 (llill extant as an Appendage to the Eighth Book of his Fx- 
 ckilallical Hillory) conceryiing the Martyrs that Juffered in Pa- 
 leftin. A great part ot thefe Acts by the negligence and un- 
 faithfulncGoffuccecding Times, were interpolated and cor- 
 rupted,efpecially in the darker and more undifcerning Ages, 
 when Superltition had overfpread the Church,aiKl when Ig- 
 norance and Interell confpircd to fill rhe World with idle 
 and improbable Stories, and men took what iibertv they 
 pleafed in venting the illuc of their ownBrauis,infomuch that 
 fome of the more ^^•lle and modcrate,even ot ihzRoman Com- 
 munionjiave complained not w^ithouta jull refentmcnt and 
 jndignation, ihitLaertim has written tlic Lives ofPhilofo- 
 phers with more truth and challnefs,than many have done 
 the Lives of the Saints. Upon this account a great and gene- 
 ral out-cr\' has been made againll Simeon Metaphrajles,\'^ the 
 Father ot incredible Legends, and one that has notoriouHy 
 impofed upon the World bv the moil tabulous reports.Nay, 
 fome to rcHect the more difgracc upon him,have reprefented 
 Jum as a pettv Schoolmaller. A chargc,in mv mind,rafh and 
 intonfiderate, and in a great meafure groundlefs and un- 
 charitable. He was a [Krfon of vcrv conliderable birth and 
 fortunes, advanced to thehighell Honours and Ofhces,onc 
 ot the Primier Mijiifters ot State, and as is probable, Great 
 rArf;/fe//or to the Hmperour ot Conjlantinople ., learned and 
 eloquent above the common llandard,and who by the |>er- 
 fualions not onlv ot fome gr(.at ones ot that time 'he Hou- 
 nlhed under Leo the Wife about the Year IXX.CC. but prin- 
 cipally -w rote under the reign of his fucccdbr^but of the Em- 
 
 perour
 
 To the Reader. 
 
 pcrour himfclf was prevailed with to reduce die Lives of the 
 Saints in order. To which end b\' his own inhnite labour,and 
 the no kfs expencesof the Emperour, he ranllicked the Li- 
 braries of the Empire,till he had amalled a vafthcap of Vo- 
 lumes. The more ancient Ads he palled without anv confi- 
 derable alteration, more than the correcting them by a col- 
 lation of feveral Copies, and the enlarging fume circum- 
 ftances to render them more plain and eafie, as appears by 
 comparing fome that are extant at this day. "Where Lives 
 were confufed and immethodical, or written in a ilile rude 
 and barbarous,he digeif ed the hillory into ord.r,and cloth- 
 ed it in more polite and elegant language. Others that were 
 defecff ive in neither, he left as they were, and gave them 
 place amongll his own. So that 1 fee no reaf(jn tor fo f^vere a 
 cenfure,unlefs it were evident, that he took his accounts of 
 things not from Writings of thofe that had gone before him, 
 but forged them of his own head. Not to f\v that things 
 have been made much worfe bv Tranflations, feldom ap- 
 pearing in any but the drefs of the Latine Churcli, and that 
 many Lives are laid at his door, of which he never was tlic 
 Father, it being ufual with fome, when they met with the 
 Life of a Saint, the Author whereof they knew not, pre- 
 fently to faften it upon Metaphra/ies. But to return to Eii- 
 febim, from whom we have digrelfed. 
 
 His Ecclefiaftical Hiftory^ the almoft only remaining Re- 
 cords of the ancient Church,deferves a juft elf eem and vene- 
 ration,without which thofe very fragments of Antiquity had 
 been loft, which by this means have efcapcd the common 
 Shipwrack. And indeed S Hierom^ Nicefhorm^ and the reft 
 do not only build upon his foundation, but ahiioll entirely 
 derive their materials trom him. As for Socrates, Soxgmen^ 
 Tbeocforet^ and the later Hiftorians,the\' relate to Times with- 
 out the limits of mv prefent buiinefs, gcneraliv conveying 
 down little more than the Hiilory of their own Times, the 
 Church Hiftory of thofe more earlv Ages being either quite 
 neglecf cd, or verv negligently managed. The firft that to 
 any purpofe broke the ice alter the Relormation, were the 
 Centuriators of Magdthurg,^. combination ot learned and in- 
 dulfrious men, the chier of wiiom were John Wrga?iJu^Sy 
 Matth. JiiJex^Bafilim Faber, Andreas Corvinus., but cfpcCially 
 Matth. tlacciu5 lllyricm, who was tlie very foul of the und er- 
 
 takinir.
 
 7 u the Reader. 
 
 takini^. Thcv fct chcmfclvcs to travcrfc tlic Writings ot the 
 Fathers,. ukI all the ancient M(jniinientsot the Church, cul- 
 lectint^ whatever made to their pur[H)fe, which with indefa- 
 tigable pains tikv digeiled into an Eccleliaihc Hillory. This 
 thcv divided into Centuries, and each Century into fifteen 
 Chapters, into each ot which, as into its proper ClaHis and 
 Repolirorv, thev reduced whatever concerned the propaga- 
 tion ot Religion, the Peace or IVriecutions of the Chrilhans, 
 the Doctrines ot the Church, and theHerefies thatarofein 
 it, the Rites and Ceremonies, the Government, Schifms, 
 Councils, Bilhops, and perfons noted either tor Religion or 
 Learning, Heretics, Martyrs, Miracles, the (late ot the Jews, 
 the Religion ot tl)em that were rrithout.dnd the political revo- 
 lutions ot that Age. A method accurate and ufetul, and 
 which adminillers to a verv dilbnct and particular under- 
 Itandmg the atiairsolthe Church. The tour firil Centuries 
 were fimlhed in the Citvot Magdeburg, the reil clfew here. 
 A work ot prodigious diligence and lingular ufe. True it is, 
 that it labours under fome taults and impertedrions, and is 
 chargeable with confidcrable erroursand millakes. And no 
 wonder: tor belides that,the Perfons themfclves may be fup- 
 pofed to have been fometimes betraid into ana^AtT^/a-f aV.%AKifc 
 by the heats and contentions ot thofe Times, it wasthefirfl 
 attempt in this kind, and which never palled the emendati- 
 ons ot a iecond review j aw undertaking vail and ditilifive, 
 and engaged in, while Bo(;ks A\-ere yet more fcarcc and lefs 
 correct:. Accordingly the\' modellly enough c(jntefs, that 
 they rather attempted a delineation ot" Church-Hil1:or\', ^ylf/^ij" 
 than one that was compleat and abfolute, defiring only to 'M'ZI^^ 
 miniller opportunity to thofe, who were able and willing to 
 furnith out one more intirc and perteel:. And vet take it 
 with all the taults and difadvantages that can be charged 
 upon It, and they bear no pi(^portion to the ufetulnefs and 
 excellency ot the thing it felt. 
 
 No fooner did this work come abroad, but it made a 
 loud noife and bulUe at y?owf, as wherein the corruptions 
 and innovations ot that Church were fufHcicntly cxpfed 
 and laid open to the World. Accordinglv it was necellary 
 that an Antidote Ihould be provided againll it. For which 
 purpofe Philip AV;r/^5,w ho had lately founded the Oratorian 
 Orc/er at Home) commands Baro?iius. th.n a \xr\ young man, 
 
 t • and
 
 To the Reader. 
 
 and newly entered into the Congregation, to undertake it, 
 and in order thereunto, daily to read nothing but Ecclefia- 
 ftical Lectures in the Oratory. This courfe he held;for thirty 
 years together, feven feveral times going over the Hiftory 
 oftheChureh. Thus trained up, and abundantly furniflied 
 with ht materials, hefets upon the Work it felf, which he 
 difpofcd bv way o{ Arinals, comprifing the affairs of the 
 whole Chnllian World in the orderly feries and fuccefli- 
 on of every year. A method much more Natural and Hi- 
 llorical than that of the Ce7ituriesA noble derign,and which 
 it were injuftice to defraud of its due praife and commenda- 
 tion, as wherein befides whatever occurrences that concern 
 the ftate of the Church, reduced ( as far as his skill in Chro- 
 nology- could enable him) under their proper periods,he has 
 brought to light many paffages of the Ancients,not known 
 before, peculiarly advantaged herein by the many noble Li- 
 braries that are at Rome. A Monument of incredible pains 
 and labour, as which befides the difficulties of the thing it 
 felf, was entirely carried on by his fingle endeavours, and 
 written all with his own hand, and that too in the midft of 
 infinite avocations, the diftradions of a Parifh-Cure, the 
 private affairs of his own Oratory,Preaching, hearing Con- 
 feffions,Avriting other Books,not to mention the many trou- 
 blefom,though honourable Offices and Imployments,which 
 in the courfe of the Work were heaped upon him. In fliort, 
 a Work it was by which he had infinitely more obliged the 
 World,than can be well expreffed, had he managed it with 
 as much foithfulnefs and impartiality as he has done with 
 . learning and induftry. But alafs,too evident it is, that he de- 
 iigned not fo much the advancement of Truth,as the honour 
 and mtereft of a Caufe, and therefore drew the face of the 
 ancient Church, not as Antiquity truly reprefents it, but ac- 
 cording to the prefent form and complexion of the Church 
 of Rome, forcing every thing to look that way, to juftifie the 
 traditions and prad:ices,and to exalt the fuper-eminent pow- 
 Su'd er and grandeur ot that Church,making both the Scepter and 
 Twiy.' the Crofier itoop to the Triple Crown. This is that that runs 
 AmmL alj-noft througli every page, and indeed both he ^ himfelf, 
 t/'/uT. and the t Writer of his Life, more than once, exprefly af- 
 Jl'.B.iron. firms, that his defign was to defend the Traditions, and to 
 Mo.'c^i9. prcferve the Dignity of that Church againlf the late Inno- 
 ^"^5 . vators.
 
 Tff the R E A D E R, 
 
 vators.and tlic labours oi the Magc/tbuv^cvfi an Ceniuriators, 
 and tiiat the oppoling ot them was the (Kcalion oithic 
 Work. So fatally does partiahtv and tlic mtcrcll ot'aCiaufo 
 fpoil the moll brave and L^eiierous Uiidercakiii^s. 
 
 What has been hitherto rretaced,thc Reader, 1 hop.', will 
 not cenfure as an unprofitable digrelIion,nor think it altoge- 
 ther unfiitable to tiie prefent Work, a\ hereof 'tis like hcvilj 
 cxpeel: lome Ihort aceounr. Beini^ Ibme time lincc engaged, 
 I know not how, in fearehing after the Antiquities ol the Apo- 
 ftolic Age, I was then Itronglv importuned to have carried on 
 the delign for fome of the fucceeding Ages. This 1 then 
 wholly laid afide,withoutan\' further thoughts of re-affum- 
 ing it. For experience had made me fufHcientlv fenhble of 
 the dirtieulty of the thing,and I well f^refaw how almolf im- 
 pollible It was to be managed to any tolerable latisfiction 5 
 fo fmall and ineonhderable,fo broken and imperfect are the 
 accounts that are left us of rlK^fc early tinxs. Notwithtf and- 
 ing whicli, I have once more futfered my felf to be engaged 
 ill if, and have endeavoured to hunt out,and slather together 
 thofe Ruines ot Primitive Story that yet remain,that I might 
 do what honour I was able to the memorv of thofe bravo 
 and worthy men,who werefo inlfrumental to plant Chriifi- 
 anitv in the World, to feal it with their blood,and to (oblige 
 Poftjrity by thofe excellent Monuments of Learning and 
 Piety which they left behind them. I have bounded nir ac- 
 count within the hrlt three hundred years, notwithltanding 
 the barrennefs and obfeurity of thofe Ages of the Church. 
 Had 1 confulted mv own eafe or credit,! fhould have com- 
 menced m\ delign from that time which is the period of my 
 prefent undertaking,z//^. the tollowing 5cff /^///w,when Chri- 
 llianitv became the Religion of the Empire,and the Reeords 
 ot the Church furnilh us with large and plentiful materials 
 for fuch a Work. But 1 confefs my humour and inclination 
 led me to the lirll and bell Ages of Religion, the Mcmcires 
 whereof I have picked up, and thereb\' enabled mvfelf to 
 draw the lineaments of as many of thofe Apo/io/ica/ pertons 
 as concerning whom I could retrive anv cuniiderable no- 
 tices and accounts of things. With what luccefs,the Reader 
 mull judge; with whom what entertainment it will (ind, I 
 know not, nor ami much follieitous. 1 have done what 1 
 could, and am not confcious to my felf, that I have been 
 
 wanting
 
 To the Reader. 
 
 wanting in anv point cither of Fidelity or Care. If there be 
 fewer perfons here defcribcd than the fpace of ahnoft three 
 hundred ^ears may feem to promife, and kfs fciid concern- 
 ing fome of them than the Reader docs cxpcd:5 he will I prc^ 
 fimie be more juft and charitable,than to charge it upon me, 
 but rather impute it to the unhappy fate of fo many ancient 
 Records as have been loft through the carekfsncfs and un- 
 faithfulnefs of fucceeding Times. As far as my mean abilities 
 do reach,and the nature of the thing will admit, I have en- 
 deavoured the Readers fatisfadtion 5 and though I pretend 
 not to prefent him an exad Church-Hiftor\ of thofe Times, 
 yet I think 1 ma\' without vanity allure him, that there is 
 icarce anv material pafTage of Church- Antiquity, of which in 
 fome of thefe Lives he will not find a competent and reafo- 
 nable account. Nor is the Hiftory of thofe Ages maimed 
 and lame only in its main limbs and parts,but (what is great- 
 ly to be bewailed)purblind and defective in its eyes, I mean, 
 confufed and uncertain in point of Chronology . T he great- 
 eft part of what we have is from Eufebim, in whofe account 
 of Times fome things are falfe,more uncertain,and the whole 
 the worfe for pafTing through other hands after his. Indeed 
 next to the recovering the loft portions of Antiquity,! know 
 nothing would be more acceptable,than the fetting right the 
 disjointed Frame of thofe times : a Cure, which we hope for 
 fhortlv from a very able hand. In the mean time for my own 
 part, and fo far as may be ufeful to the purpofes of the fol- 
 lowing Papers, I have bv the beft meafures I could take in 
 fome haft,drawn up a Chronology of thefe three Ages,which 
 though it pretends not to the utmofl exadinefs and accuracy 
 that is due to a matter of this nature, yet it will ferve how- 
 ever to give a quick and prefent profpect of things, and to 
 Ihew the connexure and concurrence of Ecclefiaitical Affairs 
 with the Times of the Romaii Empire. So far as I follow Eu- 
 fthim, I principally rely upon the accounts given in liis H:- 
 ltory,which being written after his Chronicon, may be fuppc- 
 fed the ifTue of his more exacl: refearches,and to h.ave palled 
 the judgment of his riper and more confidering thoughts. 
 And perhaps the Reader will fay ( and I confefs I am fomc- 
 what of his mind ) had lobferved the fame rule towards 
 thefe Papers, he had never been troubled with them. But 
 that is too late now to be recalled ; and 'tis folly to bewail 
 what is impolliblc to be remedied. T H ]■
 
 THE 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Tlic IntrudLnftion. 
 
 THE jc'jcral periods of the three firjl Ages. Our Lords corning^ and 
 theje^ijotidhfenefs of it for the prop^igation of the Gofpel.His entrj'.ce 
 upon his Prophetic Office^ and the furti of hn flJin/ffry. 7hefuccefsofh/s do- 
 ilrine^iwd thefcierid pLices where he preached. I he Story o/Agbarus not 
 altogether improbable. Our Lords Death. What atteflationgnoi to the 
 paffages concerning Chrifl by Heathen Writers. 7 he teflirnony if Taci- 
 tus. PiJat'y relation fent to Tiberius. The Acls of Pilar, nh.a. Pi- 
 hxs Letter now extant., Spurious. Ihe Apofllesenteringupon their Cvrr,- 
 mij/ioir^ and Jirfl Ails after our Lords Afcenfton. How long they continued 
 in Jucl.va. Their dijperfwn to preach in the Gentile Provinces., and the 
 fuccefs of it. The flat e of the Church after the Apoflolic Age. The mighty 
 progrefs of Chriftianity. 7 he numbers and quality of its Concerts. Its 
 fpeedy and incredible fuccefs in all Countreys, noted out of the Writers of 
 thofe Times. The early converfion of Britain to Chriflianity. The gene- 
 ral dec I enfton of P.iganifm. The ftlence and ceafuig of their Oracles. This 
 acknovledged by Porphyry to be the effetl of the Chriflian Religion ap- 
 pearing in the World. Aftcat atgument of its truth and divinity. 7 he 
 means contributing to the fuccefs of Chriflianity. The miraculous Powers 
 then refident in the Church. This prozed at large out of the Primitive 
 Writers. 7he great leamingand abilities of many of the Churches Cham- 
 pions. The moji eminent of the Chriflian Apofogijls. Tl.'e principal of 
 them that engaged againfl the Hereftes of thofe Times. Others renowned 
 for other p irts of I^earnnig. The indefatigable zeal and induflry uled in 
 the propagation of Chriflianity. 7nftruiting and Catechizing new Con- 
 verts. Schools erected. Travelling to preach in all parts of the World. 
 The admirable lives of the ancient Chriffians. 7l.'e fmgular efficacy of 
 the Chriflian doilrine upon the minds cf m^. A holy life the moll acce- 
 ptable facrifce. Their incomparable patience and ctnflancy under fu§er- 
 ings. A brief Survey of the Ten Perfecutions. Thefirfl begun by Nero. 
 ///5 brutifh extravagances., and inhumane cruelties. His burning Rome, 
 and the dreadfulntfs of that conflagration. This charged upon the Chri- 
 flianSy and their jcveral kinds of punifhment noted out of Tacitlis. The 
 chief of them that fuffered. The Perfecution under Domitian. The Fices 
 tf that Prince. 7 he cruel ufage cf S. John. The third begun by Tra- 
 jan. If is chjr.iner. His proceeding againfl the Chriflians as illegal So- 
 cieties. Pliny '.v/,f//fr to Trajan concerning the ChnfhanSj with the Em- 
 perours anfwer. Adrian, Trajan's fucceffor j a mixture in him of Vice 
 and Vtrtue. His perfecutingthe ChrifVuns. This the fourth Perfecution. 
 7 he mitigation cf it^ and its breaking out again under Antoninus Pius. 
 The excellent temper and learningef M. AurcUus. The fifth Perfecution 
 
 (*) ratfeJ
 
 The Contents. 
 
 ra'/fed by him. Itsfiercenefi in the Eall, at Rome, ejpaially in France ^ 
 the mrjt etninott that fujfered there. 7 he Emperoun Vihory in his Ger- 
 man Wars gained by the Chr/Jhans Prayers. Sevcrus hn ttrnper : his 
 cruelty towards the Chrifiians. The chief of the Martyrs under the fixth 
 Yerjecutiofi. Maximinus his immoderate ambit ion ard barbarous cruelty . 
 The Author of thejeventh Terfecuticn. This not vniverjal. The common 
 evils and calamities charged upon the Chriftians. Eecius the eighth Ver- 
 fecutor ; othenvije an excellent Prince. The violence oj this Perfecution, 
 and the moft noted jufferers. The foundations of Monachifm when laid. 
 The ninth Perjecution^ and its rage under Valerian. 7 he mofl emiient 
 Martyrs. Thefevere piinifhment of Valerian, .^o miferable ufage by the 
 Perfian King. The tenth Perfecution begun under ty'iodc^xan^ and when. 
 The fiercenefs and cruelty of that time. The admirable carriage and re- 
 folution of the Chrifiians under all thefefuffe rings. The proter influence 
 of this argument to convince the World. The whole concluded with La- 
 dantius his excellent reafonings to this purpofe. Page i. 
 
 The Life of S. STEPHEN the Protomartyr. 
 
 The violent oppofition that Chriflianity at its fir H appearance met with both 
 from Jews and Gentiles. S. Stephen'^ Kindred unknown. One of the 
 Seventy. Tlje great Charity of the Primitive Believers. Diffenfwn between 
 the Hebrews and Grecians. Heilenifts who. Tlie Original of Deacons 
 in the Chriflian church. The nature of their Office. The number and qua" 
 lifcation of the Perfons. Stephen V eminent accomplifhments for the place. 
 7 he envy and oppofition of the]e'Ws agatnf} him. The Synagogue of the Li- 
 bertines, ivhat. Of the Cyrcnians, Alpvandrians, ^c. Their difputa- 
 t ion with S.StQ^n.en^andthefucce/sofit. Falfe Witneffesfuborned to 
 depofe againfl him. The f ever al parts of their charge confide red. The 
 mighty veneration of the Jews for their Temple and the Mofaic Inflitw 
 tions. Its defiru^ion byTltwS'y and their attempts to rebuild it under 
 ]\i\hn fruflrated by a miracle. Stephen'.? Apology before the Sanhedrin. 
 The Jews rage againft him. He is encouraged by a vifion. Stoning to 
 death^^what kind of puaifhment ; the manner of it among the Jews. S.Stc- 
 phen .f Martyrdom, fiis Charatler and excellent Vertues. The time 
 and place of his fuffering. The place and manner of his burial. His body 
 firfl difcoveredy when and how. Theflory of its tranflation to Conflan- 
 tinoplc. The miracles faid to be done by his Re/iques,and at hu Memorix. 
 Several reported by S. Auguftin. What credit to be given to them. Mi- 
 racles how longhand why continued in the Church. The vain pretences of 
 the Church of Rome. Pag. i,. 
 
 The Life of S. PHILIP the Deacon and Evangclift. 
 
 His Birth-place. The confounding him with S. Philip the Apoflle. His 
 eletiton to the Office of a Deacon. The difperfion of the Church at Jeru- 
 faiem. V\\\\i^^ s preaching at Samaria. Inveterate prejudices between the 
 Samaritans and the Jews. The great j'uccefs of S. PhilipV Minifhy, 
 
 The
 
 The Contents. 
 
 77.r IntpejlHret of Simon Magus, anel Im errlracing Clrijli.init). Tie 
 Chrtiham ^tf bamaria coHjumed ly Peter .nJ ]q\\u. I'liilip fent to 
 Gaza. M< nicetnig with tie ^Ethiopian £«w«c-/'. if f'jt Aduopiihere 
 nieafit. Caiulacc who. The cujiom (j retaining Eunuchs m the Courts cT 
 the Eafleru }'n>ues. Thu Eunucll who. ///» O^ce. Hts Religion and 
 great Piety . //u Conver/ion and Bapt/Jm ly S.PhiWj). The place where 
 %e wtli baptizeff. 7 he Eunuchs return^ and propagating Chnjhanity in 
 his own Country. V\\\\\\>s journey toCj3:{lxQ2.,and fixing his abode there. 
 J lis jour daughters f 'irgin-Frophetejj'es. Jits death. Pag.i 3 . 
 
 The Life of S. B A R N A B A S the ApoRlc. 
 
 His Sirname Jofes. The title of Barnabas whence added to him. His 
 Country and Yarents. Hts Education and Converfiun to Chrifiianity. 
 His generous Charity. S. Paul J addreji to him .ijter his Converjion. His 
 Conmtjfion to corfirm the Church of Antioch. His taking S. Paul into his 
 ajfljlance. Their being Jef.t with contributions to the Church at Jcrulalcm. 
 Tl.^eir peculiar Jeparation for the Minijlry of the GcntWcs. Impojition if 
 hands the ujual Kite cf Ordination. Their trazels through jeveral Cohk- 
 tries. Their Juccejs in Cyprus. Barnabas at Lyflra taken fir Jupiter, 
 and why. Their return to Antiocll. Their Enibajjy to Jcrulalem about 
 thecoHtroverfie concerning the legal Rites, h^rmbzs feditccd by Peter 'i 
 difftmulatioH at Antioch. The dijfenfwn between him aid S. Paul. Bar- 
 nabas his journey to Cyprus. Histoyage to Rome, and preaching the 
 Chrijlian Faith there. Hu Martyrdom by the Jews m Cyprus. Hts 
 Burial. His budy when firll dijrin'frcJ. G. Mattticw'j Hebrew Gojpel 
 found with it. The great privileges hereupon conferred upon the See of 
 Salamis. A defcription of his perfon and temper. The Epijlle ancient- 
 ly publijhed under his name. The defign of it. The practical part of 
 it exceliently managed under the two ivays of Light and Darknejs. 
 
 Pag.33. 
 
 The Life of S. T I M O T H Y the A\>o^\c and Evangclid. 
 
 S. Timothy 'j Country and Kindred. His religious education. The great 
 advantages of an early Piety. Converted to Chrijlianity by S. Paul, and 
 made choice of to be his companion. Circumcijed by S. Paul, and uhy. 
 This no contradicting S. Pauli doclrine concerning Ctrcun.ctjion. I its 
 Travels with S.Paul for the propagation cf the Faith. His return jrom 
 Thcflalonica, md S. Paul'f twoEpiJi/es to that Church. 5. Timothy 
 conjee rated Hijhop r/ Ephcfus. J he confent of Antiquity herein. Or- 
 dination lu thofe times ujualiy done by Prophetic Defignation^ and the rea- 
 fon of it. Timothy .f age enijuired infc. The importance (J nl^ and 
 ytoTti ( Iff MO man defptfe thy youth. ) the words fhewed to be ujed by the 
 lejl Writers jor a ccnftdcrable age. S. VaxiXs firjl and fecond FpijUe to hin\, 
 and the import. mce cf them. The maners cj the Ephcfians noted. Their 
 Feflival called x^xyt.'\\:\. S. Timothy V martyidcm. Ihe time of his 
 Jeath ., pLi.: of his burial ., and tranflaticn cj his body. His weak 
 
 C'z) and
 
 The Contents. 
 
 and infirm conftitution. His great ahjlinence, and admirable zeal. S. Paul'y 
 fifrgu/ar affeilion for him. Different from^ Timotheus in S. Denys the 
 Arcopagite. Another Timothy S. Paul'^ D/Jc/ple , martyred under An- 
 
 toninus. 
 
 The Life of S. T I T U S Bilhop of Crete. 
 
 His Country enquired into. The report of his mile extra^. His Education 
 and Converfion to Chriftianity. His acquaintance with, and accompanying 
 S. Paul to the Synod at ]eru(a.\cm. 5. PaulV refufingto circumcifehim, and 
 why. His attending S. Paul in his travels. Their arrival in Crete. Titus 
 conjlituted by him Bijhop of that Ifland. The tefiimonies of the Ancients to 
 that purpofe. Vjc intimations of it in S. PaulV Epijlle to him. S. Paul j 
 cenfure of the People of CtttQ^juftified by the account which Gentile Writers 
 give of their evil manners. A fhort view of the Epiflle it felj. The dire~ 
 dions concerning Ecclefiaflic perfons. His charge to exhort and convince 
 Gain-fayers. Crete abounding with Heretical Teachers. Jewiih Fables 
 and Genealogies what, and whence derived. The atones and m^uyax of 
 the ancient Gtffo£iics borrowed from the .^oyvlM of the Heathen Poets. This 
 fhewn by particular inflances. Titus commanded to attend S. Paul at Ni- 
 copolis. His coming to him into Macedonia. His following S. Paul to 
 Rome, and departure into Dalmatia. The Story of Pliny the Tomgers 
 being converted by him in Crete, cenfured. His age and death. The 
 Church eretledto his memory. Pag. '^'^. 
 
 The Life of S. D I O N Y S I U S the Areopagite. 
 
 Dionyfius lorn at Athens. The quality of his Parents. His domejlic 
 Studies. His foreign Travels, ^^y^t frequented as the ftaple place of all 
 recondite Learning. His refidence at Heliopolis. The Jirange and mi- 
 raculous Eclipfe at our Saviours Pajfton. Dionyfius his remarques upon 
 it. His return to Athens, and being made one of the Judges of the Areo- 
 pagus. The nature of this Court : the number and quality of its Judges. 
 S. Paul arraigned before it : his Difcourfey and its fuccefs. Dionyfius his 
 converfion. His further inflruciion by Hierotheus. Hierotheus, ivho. 
 Dionyfius condituted Bifhop 0/ Athens. A brief account of his Story 
 according to thoj'e that confound him with Dionyfius Bifhop of Paris. 
 Thefe fhewn to be diftin^i. The original and procedure of the Mifiake 
 enquired into. A probable account given of it. Dionyfius /;« Martyrdom 
 at Athens, and the time of it. A fabulous miracle reported of hu Scull. 
 The defer iption of his perfon, and the hyperbolical commendations which 
 the Greeks give of him. The Books afcribed to him. Thefe none of his. 
 Apollinaris {probably') fimved to be the Author of them. Several paffages 
 of the Ancients noted to that purpofe. Books why oft publifned under 
 other mens names. Thefe Books the Fountain tf Enthufiafm and myflical 
 Tlieology. A paffage in them injlanced in to that purpofe. Pag. 65". 
 
 The
 
 The Contents. 
 
 The Life of S. CLEMENS Bilhop of Rome. 
 
 His Birth-phcc. His Faretif;^ Ki»Jreff^ F. flue at ion, andCotrcerfton to Chri- 
 Jiunity noted out of the Books ext.utt under his name. I lis relation to 
 the Imperial family fhewed to he a mijiake. J lis he nig made Bilhop of 
 Rome. The great confujwn alwut the firjl Bijhops of that See. A prola- 
 lle account endeavoured concerning the order oj S. Clemens his JuiceJ/ion, 
 and the reconciling it with the times of the other Bijhopi. What .iccvunt 
 given of him in the ancient Epijlle to St. James. Clemens his appointing 
 Notaries to write the Atls of the Martyrs, and difp.itching Alejjengers to 
 propagate the Gofpel. The Schifm in the Church cj Corinth ; and Cle- 
 mens his F.ptjUe to that Church. An enquiry into the time when that 
 EpijUe was written. Tl.r Perfecution under Trajan. His proceeding 
 again]} the Heteriar. A fhort relation of S. Clemens/'ii troubles out of 
 Simeon Metaphrafles. His hamjhment to Cherfon. Damnatio ad 
 Mctalla, wh.it. The great jucceji oj his Mmijlry in the place oJ his exile. 
 S. Clemens his Martyrdom, and the kind of it. The anniverjary mi- 
 racle reported on the Jay of his Jolemnity. The time (jLhis Martyrdom. 
 His genuine Writings, /lis Epijlle to the CorinthiaKs ; the commen- 
 dations given of it by the Ancients. Its Stile and Character. The great 
 modejly and humility that appears in it. The fragment of his Jecond 
 EpifHe. Suppojititious Writings. The Recognitions ; their fever al ti- 
 tles, and different editions. Their Antiquity, what. A conjeilure con- 
 cerning the Author of them. The cenfures of the Ancients concerning the 
 corrupting of them, conjidered. The Epilile to S.}anxQb. Pag.77. 
 
 The Life of S. S I M E O N Bifliop of Jerufalem. 
 
 Tl:e heedlefi confounding him with others of the like name. His Parents 
 
 and near Relation to our Saviour. The time of his Birth. His Jlriil 
 
 Education and way of Life. The Order and Inflitutien of the Recha- 
 
 bites, what. Ilu converjwn to ChrifHanity. The great care about a 
 
 Succfjjor to S. James Bifhop of Jerufalem. Simeon chef en to that pLicc, 
 
 when and iihy. The caufes of the dejlrudion of the Jevvifli flate Tie 
 
 original and progrefi of thofe Wars briefly related. The mifer.dle flate 
 
 0/ Jerufalem /v Siege, Vcfiilence, and T.xmine. Jerufalemy/(?rwf</. The 
 
 turning of the Temple, and the rage of the Fire. The number of the Slain 
 
 and Captrves. 7 he jufi accomplifhment cf our Lords prediilions. The 
 
 many Prodigies portending this deftruilion. The Chriflians forewarned 
 
 to depart before ]cx\xh\cm was fhut up. Their wit hdrawment to iWh. 
 
 The admirable care cf the Divine Providence over them. Their return 
 
 back to Jerufalem, when. Tl.rflourifhing condition of the Chriflian Church 
 
 there. Tl:c cccaflon cf S. Simeons Martyrdom. The infinite jciloulie 
 
 cf the Roman F.mperours concerning the line cf Daviii. Simeons appre- 
 
 kenjion and crucipxion. Hv, Jingular torments and patience. His great 
 
 age, and the time of his death. Pag. 8y. 
 
 The
 
 The Contents. 
 
 The Life of S. I G N A T I U S Bifhop of A»tiocb. 
 
 JFI'ts Originals unknown. Called Theophorus , and why. The Story of his 
 leing taken up into our Saviours armSy rtjuted. His Avojlolic education. 
 S. JohnV Djjciple. His being made bij'hup cf Antiocn. The eminency 
 of that See. Jlje order of his juccejjn n Jtatcd. His prudent Govern- 
 ment of that Church. The tradition if his appointing Antiphonal hymnf 
 hy revelation. TrajanV perfecuting the Church at Antioch. His difcourfe 
 iiv//' Ignatius, l^nznws his cruel uf age. His Jentence pajjed. His be- 
 ing tranjmitted to Rome : atjd why /ent fo Jar to his execution. His ar- 
 rival at Smyrna, a>.d meeting with S. Poly carp. His Epijtles tofeveral 
 churches. His coming to Troas, ahd Epijtles thence. His arrival at 
 Porto Romano. Met en the way by the Chnjlians at Rome. His ear- 
 vejl defire of Martyrdom. His praying for the proffer ity of the Church. 
 The time of his Faffion. His being thrown to wild Beajls. What kind 
 of punifkment that among /^/.^ Romans. The colIeCcion of his Remains^ 
 and their tranfportation to Antioch ; and the great honours done to them. 
 The great plenty of them in the Church of Rome. Trzy^nsfurceajing the 
 Terfecution againjl the Chriflians. The dreadful Earthi^uakes happening 
 at Antioch. Ignatius his admirable Piety. His general folicitude for 
 the prefervation and propagation of the ChrifHan Doctrine^ as an Apoftle. 
 His care^ diligence ^ and fidelity ^ as a Bifhop. His patience andfortitude^ as 
 
 ■ a Martyr. His Epiflles. Volyc^r^'s commendation of them. Pag. 99. 
 
 The Life of S. P O L Y C A R P Biihop of Smyrna. 
 
 The Place ef his Nativity. The honour and eminency pfSmyrna. His edw 
 cation under S. John. By him conflituted Bifhop of Smyrna. Whether 
 the fame with the Bifhop to whom S,- John committed the young man. 
 5. Poly carp the Angel of the Church of Smyrna mentioned in the Apoca- 
 ]y ps. Ignatius his arrival at Smyrna. His Letters to that Churchy and 
 to S. Pol) carp. His Journey to Rome about the Quartodeciman Con- 
 troverfie. The time of it enquired into. Anicetus his ficceffion to the 
 See of Rome. His reception there by Anicetus. Their mutual kindnefs 
 mtwithflandntg the diference. His flout oppofiug Heretics at Rome. 
 His f harp treatment r^ Marcion, and mighty zeal againfl thofe early cor- 
 rupters f the Chriflian Dodrine. Irenxus his particuL^r remarques of 
 S. Polycarp'y aiiions. The Terfecution under M. Antoninus. Tl:e time 
 of PolycarpV Martyrdom noted. The atls of it written by the Church 
 (f Smyrna : their great efleem and value. S. Poly carp fought fcr. His 
 Martyrdum foretold by a dream. His apprehcnfmn^ aud beingconduiled to 
 Smyrna. Irenarchx, ii/v. Volyczr'^'s rude treatment by \\troAts. His 
 leihg brought Icfre tie Froconful. Chriflians rtfufed to fivear by the Em- 
 peiours genius, and why. His pious and refolute anf tiers, //is flight- 
 ing the yrccoyfuls threatnings. His fentchce prccLiimed. Afiarclix, 
 liioc. Preparation for his burnings f/is Prayer before his death. Mi- 
 racidouli pr-fcrvcd in the fire. Difpatched with a Sword. The c.ve cf 
 
 the
 
 The Contents. 
 
 the Chr'ijiuns about his Hemaim. This jar from a Juperjlitious vettfrj' 
 tioH. J heir an»u.i! meeting at the place of his Martyrdom. His jl/eat 
 Age at bii f/eath. 7 he nay of hu Fajfion. I /is Tomb how homurerl at 
 thu day. The iitdiments happeningtoSmyrnxafter his death. The I- ait h 
 and Patience vj the Frimitive ChriJUans noted out of the Preface to the 
 A&sof hii AJurt)rdom. //is Epijlle to the Philippians. Its ufefulnefs. 
 Highly valued and publicly read in the ancient Church. The Epijlle it f elf. 
 
 Pag. m. 
 
 Tlic Lilc of S. QU A D R A T U S Bilhop of Athens. 
 
 His Birth-place enijuired into. J /is Learning. I/is Education under the 
 Apoflles. Publius Bijhop of Athens. Quadratus his Jucccjfion in that 
 See. The degenerate Jlate of that Church at his coming to it. His in' 
 defatigable zeal and indujlry in its reformation. Its purity and Jlourifhing 
 condition noted by Origcn. QuadratUS his being endowed with a /pint 
 <f Prophecy J and a power of /^liracles. This J^erjon proved to be the jame 
 uith our Athenian Bijhop. The troubles raijed againjl the Chrijlians 
 Under the .reign of Adrian, AdrianV Charader. I/is difpofnion to- 
 wards Religion^ and bafe thoughts tj the Chrijlians. I/isfondnefs for the 
 Learning and Religion of Greece. His coming to Atlicns, and kindnefs 
 to that City. His being initiated into the Elcufinian myjleries. Thefe 
 msjleries what., and the degrees of initiation. Several addrejfes made to 
 the Emperour in behalf of the Chrijlians. Qu^adratus his Apologe- 
 tic. Scr. Granianus his Letter to Adrian concerning the Chnjlians. 
 Thf Emperours Rejcript. His good opinion afterwards of Chriji and 
 his Religion. Quadratus driven from his charge. His Martyrdom and 
 place cf Burial. Pag. 131. 
 
 The Life of S. J U S T I N the Martyr. 
 
 His vicinity to the ApofloUc times. I/is Birth-place and Kindred. Ifis 
 Studies, /-/is Travels into Egypt. To what Sell of Philojophy he ap- 
 plied himfelf The occafion and manner cf hisflrange converjion to Chri- 
 Jlianity related by himjelf Chrijlianity the only fafe and fatisfatlory 
 philojophy. The great mjiuence which the patience and fortitude of t('e 
 Chrijlians had upon his converfion. The force of that argument to perjuade 
 men. Ha vindication cf himfelf from the charges cf the Gentiles. His 
 continuance m his Philofophic habit. The ^fAJcrKpof S^^a what^ and 
 by whom worn. 'O y^ofi'si trr-.'drTni. His coming to Rome, and oppofing 
 Heretics. Marcion who., and what his Principles. Jiidins jirjl Apo- 
 lo^ to the Emperours., and the dejign of it. Antoninus /•/; Letter to the 
 Comrnon-Council cf \(\z in favour of the Chrijiians. This frewed not to be 
 the Ediil if Marcus Antoninus. Juftin'y journey into the Eaft, and con- 
 ference with Trypho the Jew. 1 rypho who. ' The malice of the Jews 
 Mamjl the Chrijluns. Jullin'j return to Rome. His contejis with 
 Crcfcens the Phihfnpher. Crcfcens his temper and principles. Juflin'i 
 feccnd Apology. To whom perfecuted. T):e occafion of it. M. Antoninus 
 
 his
 
 The Contents. 
 
 his temper, ]vi^'m fore-tells his own fate. The Acls (4 his Martyrdom. 
 His arraignment before Ruflicus Prated of Rome. Rufticus ivho. The 
 great honours done him Lj the Emperour. Juftin'i' d/Jcourfe with the 
 Pro'fefi. TTis freedom and courage. His fentence and execution. The 
 t/me of his death. His great Piety ^ Charity., Impartiality., &c. His 
 natural parts and excellent learning. His unskilfuhiejs in the Hebrew 
 Language noted. A late author cenfured. His Writings. The Epiflle 
 /<? Diognetus. Diognetus, ».'/'o. His fiile and character. The unwar- 
 rantable opinions he is charged with. His indulgence to Heathens. Meml 
 ?.6yv ^iZv, what. A6y@- in what fenfe ufed by the ancient Fathers. How 
 applied to Chrijl^ how to Reajbn. His opinion concerning Chiliafm. The 
 concurrence of the Ancients with him herein. This by whom firjl flar- 
 ted; by whom corrupted. Concerning the Jlate of the Soul after this life. 
 The doctrine of the Ancients in this matter. His affertion concerning 
 Angels^ maintained hy mofi of the firfi Fathers. The original of it. 
 Their opinion concerning Free-will fh ewe d not to be oppofed by them to 
 the Grace of God. What influence Juftin'y Philofophic education had 
 upon his opinions. His Writings enumerated. Pag. 139. 
 
 The Life of S. I R E N yE U S Bifliop of Lyons. 
 
 His Count rey enquired into. His Philofophical Studies. His inflitution by 
 Papias. Papias, who. His education under S. Poly carp. His coming 
 into Yrznce^ and being made Presbyter of Lyons. Pothinus who; how 
 and by whom fent into France. The grievous Terfecutim there under 
 M. Aurelius. The letters of the Martyrs to the Btjhop o/Rome. Pope 
 Eleutherius guilty of Montanifm. Irenxusyt-/?^ to Rome. His writing 
 
 ■ againji Florinus and Blaflus. TJ.^e martyrdom of Pothinus Bifhop of 
 Lyons, and the cruelty exercifed towards him. Irenxas/ucceeds. His 
 great diligence in his charge. His oppofition of Heretics. The Synods 
 faid to have been held under him to that purpoje. The Gnoftic Herefies 
 fpread in France. Their monftrous Fillanies. His confutation of them 
 ly word and writing. Variety of Setts and Divifions objected by the Hea- 
 thens againfl Chrijtianity. This largely anfwered by Clemens 0/ Alexan- 
 dria. Pope Vi£Vor'i receiving the controverfle about Eafter. The contefls 
 between him and the Afiatics. Several Synods to determine this matter. 
 Irenxus his moderate interpofal. His Synodical Epijtle to Viftor. The 
 Pcrfecution under Severus. Its rage about Lyons. Irenxus his Mar- 
 tyrdom and place of Burial. Hn Vertues. His induflrious and elabo- 
 rate confutation 0/ //'e Gnoftics. His Jtile and phrafe. VhoXMS his 
 
 ■ cenfure of his Works. His err our concerning Chrifis age. Miraculous 
 gifts and powers common in his time. His Writings. Pag. 161. 
 
 THE
 
 The Contents. 
 
 The Life of S. THEOPHILUS Billiop of Antioch. 
 
 TIjc t/tttt ol'fcurity of his Origir.ils. //is lejrned and ingenuous Educatiotty 
 and natural p.irts. An account of husconverjion to Chr/Jlianity^ and the 
 reajons inducing him thereunto^ colktUd out of his own Writings, //is 
 Jcrupling the Doilrine of the Kejurrellion. The great dificulty cf enter" 
 taming that Principle. SyncfiUS his cafe. TJlcoj)hilus his conijuering 
 this ohjed ion. //is great fati^failton in theChriJli.m Religion. //!\ele- 
 ilion to the Bijkoprick oj Antioch. /{is defire to convert Autolycus. 
 Autolycus, wIm), //is mighty prejudice againjl Chrijlianity. iJicopJli- 
 Jus his undertaking him^ and his free and impartial debating the cafe 
 with hini. /-/is excellent menage of the controverfie. / /a iignroiis cp- 
 pofing tlv //erejies of thvjt times. I lis Books againjl Marcion ../.v/ Hcr- 
 mogcnes. ///s death and tl}e time of it. S.Hkrom sCharailer rf his 
 Works, /-/is Writings. Pag. 173. 
 
 The Life of S. MELITO Bilhop of Sardis. 
 
 /-/is CoHMfrey and Birth-place, //is excellent Farts and Learning. I/is 
 
 I>eing made Bijhop of Sard'is. //iscxlihacy. His Prophetic gfts. Tl.'e 
 
 Perjecution under Marcus Aurelius. Mclito his Apology for :he Chri- 
 
 jiians. A fragment of it cited out of Eufebius. The great advantages of 
 
 chrijlianity to the Empire, //is endeavour to compoje the Pafchal Con- 
 
 troverfie^ h/is Book concerning that Suhjeth His journey to Jcrufa- 
 
 Icm to Jearch what Books of the Old Tcflamcnt ivere received by that 
 
 Church. The Copy of his Letter to his Brother Onefimus concerning the 
 
 Canon of the Ola Teftamcnt. What Books admitted by the ancient Church. 
 
 vSolomons Proverbs 72/W ^y //;t' Ancients r/'f Bookof Wifdoin. His 
 
 death and burial. The great variety of his Wcrks. Z^njufl/y Jujpciud if 
 
 daugerous notiouS- An accoioit given oJ the titles of two of his B-^oKs ta Jl 
 
 liafU tafuJpicuM. //is Writings enumerated. Pag. 1 7y. 
 
 The Life of S. PANT/ENUS Catcchift of Alexandria. 
 
 The various conjdhres concerning his Original. The prcb.ihilities of his 
 Jcwilh dtjctnt^ iihat. Whether born in Sicily or at Alexandria, //is 
 prjl injlitution. The famous Platonic School ere/led by Ammonius at 
 Alexandria. The renown of that place for other pans of Leartmg. 
 Pantxnus addided to the Sdl of the Stoics. The Principles of that ia/ 
 Jhewfd to agree beji with the dtfhtes of Chrijlianity. //is great improve- 
 ments in the Chrifiiau Dodrine. The Catechetic School at Alexandria, 
 with Its antiijuity. Vmixnui made Urgent of it. Mhcn hcp'jl entend 
 upon this Ojjut. An Eml.ijlt from In^iix to the Bi/hop cf Alcxindria^cr 
 Jome to preach the Chrijliu/i /jith. Pantinusyt-^r upon this errand. Thj 
 Countrey where Jttuate. /Tis arrival m \ndn, and ccnverfe with r/;f Bracli* 
 
 (* • ) mans
 
 The Contents. 
 
 mans. Their temper, principles, ar:d way if life. Their agreement with 
 the Stoics, h'oot-jteps (j ChnjUamty formerly pLnted there. S. MatthewV 
 Hebrew Grjpel found a/Kong them and brought by Partta-rlus to Alexan- 
 dria. How far and by ivhom Chriftianity ivas propagated in India after- 
 n\irds. Pantenus h/s return to Alexandria, and rejuming his Cattche- 
 tic Of^ce. His Death, His great Viety and Learning. Pag. 1 5i 5. 
 
 The Life of S. CLEMENS of Alexandria, 
 
 ■His Countrey. The progr-efi of his Studies. His injlrntlion in the Chri- 
 flian dothine. His fe'jeral Mafters. His impartial enquiry after truth. 
 The eledive Seel, what. Its excellent genius. Clenicns (f this Se^L 
 His fucceediwPantxntxs in the Catechetic School. He is made FreJ- 
 byter of Alexandria. His Stromata publijhed, when. Lawfulnefs of 
 flying in time of Perfecution. His journey into the Eaft. What Tratls he 
 wrote there. His going from ]em(^lem to Antioch, and return to Ale- 
 xandria. His death. The Elogia given of him by the Ancients. His 
 admirable learning. His Writings. His Hypotypofes. Photius his 
 account of them \ coYrupted by the Axx'izm. His Books yet extant, and 
 the orderly gradation of them. His Stromata, what 1 he defign of it. His 
 ■ft He, ivhat in thk^, what in his other Books. A {hort Apology for Jome unwary 
 
 • ^fferfionsin his Writings. His Writings enumerated. Pag. 193. 
 
 The Life of T E R T U L L I A N Presbyter of Carthage. 
 
 His names, whence. His Father, who,. His education in all kinds of Lear- 
 ning. His skill in the Roman Laws. Different from Tertylian the 
 Lawyer. His way of life before his converfion, enquired into. His mar- 
 ried condition. His converfton to Chrijlianity, when. The great cruelty 
 ufed towards the Chriftians. Severus his kindnejsto them>. TertuUianV 
 excellent Apology m their behalf. His addrejs to Scapula, and the ten- 
 dency of that difcourfe. Severus his violent perfecuting the Chrifiians. 
 His prohibition of the Hetenx. TertuWians Book to the Martyrs, and 
 concerning Patience. His zeal again,jl Herefies, and Writings that way. 
 His Book De Paliio, when ivritten^ and upon what occafion. His be- 
 coming Vresbyter, when. His Book De Corona, and what the cccajion 
 of it. His declining from the Catholic Fart). Montanus who and 
 ivhencei His principles and practices. 'T€rtu\\ia.n.''s owning them, and 
 
 ■ upon what occafion. His morofe and Jlulborn temper. How far he com- 
 plied with the Montanifls, and acknowledged the Paraclete. How he 
 ivas impofed upon. His It ritirgs agai>}Jl the Catholics. Thefeverity rf 
 
 • the ancient Difcipline. 'E'^Xco^Ms'^j^ix^co'^orwvn, in what jenfe meant by 
 Tertullian concerning the Bifhcp of Rome. Hisfeparate meetings at 
 ilanlugc. His death. His Charaaer. His fingular parts and learning. His 
 
 ' Book^\ His phrafe andjtile. What contributed to its perplexednefs and cb- 
 Jcuritj. His uh-orthodox opinions. A brief plea for him. Pag.xoi. 
 
 The
 
 The C '^ N T ii N T S. 
 
 The Life of OR IG EN Presbyter, Catcclua 
 of Aic.wwdii.u 
 
 Origcn, where ati^ when lorn. ^everJ conjeciures cihout the original fj his 
 nunic. Iit< J'Jther ivhc. JIis juvenile Education^and gre.it tonarcflinejs 
 in tlxknriv!:flie(f' the Scriptures. /In Philpjophic.d StHdics /o-v/c/Clc- 
 meni Alcxandrinus. I /is I>Jlitt<tion under Aminonius, Animonius 
 who. f/is j.tme und excellency confe(Jed by the Gentile Vbilcjophen. 
 Anctlcr Qrigcn his Contemporary : Thefe two heedlcjij cohjuunded. 
 //is fathers jH.irt\rdom, .vid the conjijc.ition vj his Ejlate. OrigenV rc- 
 folute encouragement of his Father, /-/n own paj]ton.ite defire of Martyr- 
 dom, //is maintenance by an honourable Matron of Alexandria, /-{is 
 ze.il .igainfl //eretics. //is fetting up a private School, //e fucceeds 
 Clemens in the Catcclictic School at eighteen ye.jrs of Age. 7 he frequency 
 of hu Auditors. Many of them Martyrs for the Faith. Origenjr^c- 
 iution in attending upnn the Martyrs, //is danger. His couragious ail 
 at the Temple of -Sera pis. //is emafculating himjelf^ and the reafons of 
 it. The eminent ch.ijlity of thofe Vrimitive Times. Oii^zn s journey 
 to Rome, and return /o Alexandria, //is taking in a Colleague into the 
 Cateciictic Office, //e learns the Hebrew Tongue. The prudent 
 me:hiid of his Te.iching. Ambrofais converted. Who he was. T/is 
 great intimacy ii///' Origcn. On^cn fent for by the Governour cf Ara- 
 bia, //is journey into Paleftin, and teaching at Cxfarea. Remanded 
 by the Bi/hnp cf Alexandria. Alexander .Severus his excellent Fertues, 
 andkindncls for the Chrijiian Religion. Ongcn fent for by the Fmprejs 
 Mammxa /o Anrioch. //e begins to write hn Commentaries, //ow many 
 Notaries, and / ranjcribers imployed^ and by whom maintained. Nota- 
 ries, their Original and Office. Their ufe and inflitution in the Primitive 
 Church, //is journey into Greece, //is parage through Paleflin, 
 and being ordained Presbyter at Cxfarea. Demetrius of Alexandria 
 his envy and rage againjl him. Origcn condemned in two Synods at 
 Alexandria, and one .it'^O'cac. The refignation of his Catcchet'ic School 
 to Heraclas. Heraclas who. The flory of his offering Sacrifice. 7he 
 credit of this flory queflionedy andivhy. //is departure from Alexandria, 
 and fixing at Cxfarea. The eminency of his School there. Grcgorius 
 Thaumaturgus his Scholar, //is friendjhip with Firmilian. Firmilian 
 who. The Perfecutiou under Maximinus. Origen'y Book nritten to 
 the Martyrs, //is retirement whither. He compares the I'erfions of 
 the Bible, //m Tctrapla, Hexapla,.7WOclapla, »■/'.</', ^/////.'oid m.inaged. 
 A Specimen given cf them. / /is fccond journey to Athens, /fis going to 
 Kkomedia, and Tetter to .Africanusj^^wr the //ifiory of .Sulanna. His 
 confutation of IJeryllus/M Arabia. His anfwer to Celfus. Celfus, n?/v. 
 Origen'jr lA^tter to Philip the F.mperour. The vanity (f makinz^ him a 
 Chrtjhan. Origen f journey into Arabia to refute //erefies. 7 he Helcc- 
 faitx who : I i hat their Principles. Alexanders miraculous eledion to 
 the See of Jcrufalem. //is Coadjutorfhip^ Government ^ Sufferings and 
 Alartyrdom. Origcn'i grievous jufferings at Tyrc under the Dccian 
 Perfecution. / /is dclnierance out of Prifon ; Age., ar.d Death, //is 
 Charaeier. //is ftricl life, //is mighty zealy abjimence^ contempt cf 
 the World f indefatigable diligence and patience noted, //is natural 
 
 (**i) parts:
 
 The Contents. 
 
 parts: incomparable learning. His Books and their je-veral Claffes. 
 His ftile , what. His unfourJ opinions. The great Out-cry againfi 
 him in all Ages. The Apologies written in his behalf. Several things 
 noted out (f the Ancients to extenuate the charge. His ajj'ertions not 
 Dogmatical. Not intended for public view. Generally fuch as were not 
 determined by the Church. His Books corrupted, and by whom. His 
 own CO- plaints to that ptirpofe. The teftimonies of Athanafius, ««</ Theo- 
 timvis, .;;.v/ i-laymo /» his vindication. Great errours and miflakes ac- 
 knowledged. What things contributed to them. His great kindnefs for 
 the Platonic Principles. .S. Hierom'j moderate cenjure of -fjim. His 
 repenting rf his rafh Fropojttions. His Writings enumerated, a^idwhat 
 now extant. P^g. 213. 
 
 The Life of S. BAB Y LAS Bifliop of Antioch. 
 
 His Originals obfcure. His education and accomplifhments enquired into. 
 Made Bifhcp of Antioch, when. Antioch taken by the King of Perfia. 
 Recovered by the Roman Emperour. Babylas his fidelity in his charge. 
 The Decian Perjecution, and the grounds of it : feverely urged by the 
 Emperours Ediih. Decius his coming to Antioch. His attempt to 
 break into the Chriflian Congregation. Babylas his bold refiflance. Tins 
 applied to Numerianus, and the ground of the mijlake. The like reported 
 of Philip the Emperour. Decius his bloody ail related by S. Chyfoflom. 
 His rage againfi Babylas, and his examination of him.. The Martyrs 
 refolute anfwer. His imprifvnment and hard ufage. The different accounts 
 concerning his death. Three Touths his fellow-jufferers, in vain attempted 
 by the Emperour. Tljeir Martyrdom Jirjl, and ivhy. Babylas beheaded. 
 His command that his chains fhould be buried with him. The tranflation 
 of his body under ConHantius. The great fweetnejs and plea fantnefs of 
 the Daphne. ApolloV Temple there. S. Babylas his bones tranflated thi- 
 ther by Gallus Cxfar. The Oracle immediately rendered dumb. In vain 
 confuted by Julian. The confeffion of r/'^ Daemon. Julian'^ command for 
 removing Babylas his bones. The Martyrs Remains triumphantly carried 
 into the City. The credit of this Story fuficiently attejied. The thing 
 owned by Libanus and ]\x\\din. Why fucb honour fuffered to be done to the 
 Martyr. Julian afraid of an immediate vengeance. His Terfecution 
 agaiiift the Chridians at Antioch. The fujferings of Theodorus. The 
 Temple of Apollo fired from Heaven. Pag. Z4i. 
 
 The
 
 The CoHTENTS. 
 
 The Life of S. C ^' P R I A N Bilhop of Cjrthjge. 
 
 fits Bird'pLice. Tlr Nvl///ty ef h/i F.imi/y exploJee/. The co»fhiind/)g 
 him with iino:her Cyprian B/Jhop c/ Antioch. 7'heje tivov^iflly eiijlinct. 
 S.(Z)^Xi^\\s Educ.utun. Hn f/ri'jelj'.hg Rhetoric. J /is ConveijioH toChri- 
 ftianit) l>y the perjuajions 0/ C^a'cilius. Their mutual endeam.ent. Un 
 ^rcjt ch.trity to the Poor. } {is B.iptijnr. ALiele Presbyter and Bip^up (f 
 Canhigc. I fis tmdeji dechr.ni^ the honour. IJis Frpjcription^ rectjSy 
 and cue oj his church duriiKi^ that retirement. Thecaje ij //f I apLd. 
 ui brief accou'.t of the rije cj the Novarian Sed, 71. ejiercettejs oj the Ter- 
 fecutiuH at Carthage under Decius. The courage and patience of the 
 Chnfii.ms. C) priaii'i return. A Synod at Carthage about the cafe <f 
 the 1 ap.cd, and the caufe (j Novatian. 7 heir dtierniination of theje 
 Wdtters. Fatified by a Synod at Rome: and another at Antrocil. A 
 fecond S\ nod about the Jame affair. Alcderation in the Eccleliajlic Difci- 
 fline ujcd in the time (j Ferjecution. 7 he great I'eji Hence at Cartilage. 
 'J he mijeralle Jiate of that City. The mighty charity of S. Cyprian ai:d 
 the Chrijlians at that time. Thefe evils charged upon the ChrijHans. 
 5.Cyprian'.f vindication of them. The time of Baptizing Infants deter- 
 mined in a Synod. Another Synod to decide the cafe of the >panilh Bifhops 
 that had lapfed in the time of Perfecution. The Controverfie concerning 
 the Relaptmng thtfe who had been Baptized by /heretics. 7 his refolv^d 
 iiprn in a Synod cf I.XXXVII Afnczn Btjhops. The immoderate heats 
 between Cyprian, Firmihan, and >rcphen Bifhop of Rome about this 
 matter. C\^nOin. arraigned before theVrocon^n\. I/is rejolute carriage. 
 JTts banifrment to Curubis. His Martyrdom foretold him by a I'lfion. 
 His Letters during his exile. 7 he f ever e ufage of the ChrifHans. His 
 tvithdraiifnent, ana why. His apprehenfion and examination before the 
 Proconful. The fentenee pajfed upon him. His Martyrdom^ and place 
 cf burial. His piety., fidelity ., chaflity^ humility ^ mcdefly^ charit}\,&[c. 
 His natural parts. His learning wherein it mainly confijted. 7 he polite- 
 nefs and elegancy of his f hie. I /is (juick proficiency in Chrijlian fludies. 
 His frequent com>erfe with TcnuWizn s Writings. Hn Boots. The ex- 
 cellency of thofe afcribed to him. 7 he great honours done to his me- 
 mory. Pag. 1)1. 
 
 The Life of S. G R E G O R Y Billiop of Neocafarea. 
 
 S. Gregory, ivhere born. His Kindred and Relations. The rant and 
 ijuality if his Parents. His youthful fludies. His jiudy of the Laws. 
 His travels to .Alexandria. The calumny there fixed upon him^andhis 
 miraculous vindication. His return through Greece. Hisjludying the 
 Law at BerytUS, and upon what occafior. His fixing at ( ifarea, and 
 putting himjelf under the tutor.ige of Or\^cn. The crurje cf his (iudies. 
 His Panegyric to Origcn at his departure. Origcn'f Letter to hin., and 
 the importance cf it. His refufal to Jhy at Ncocxfarea, and retirement 
 into the W'lldernefs. His fhunnir.g to be made Bifhop of Neoc.vfarca. 
 
 Ccn^
 
 The Contents. 
 
 Confec rated Bilhop cf that City during his ahfence. His acceptance of the 
 charge^ and the jt..te if that place at his entrance upon it. His nnraculous 
 inflrudionin the great rnyj.eries of Chrijiianity. His Creed. The mira- 
 cles wrought hy him in his return. His expelling Darmons out of a Gen- 
 tile Temple, and the Jucce/s (f it. His tvelcom entrance into the City^ and 
 kind entertainment. His diligent preaching to the Teople. His ereding 
 a Church for Eivine IVcrfr.ip^ and its fignal prefervation. Jn horrible 
 T'hgue flopped hy his prayers. 7 he great infuence of it upon the 7ninds 
 cf the People. His judgingin Civil Caufes. His drying up a Lakehyhu 
 prayers^ which had been the cauje (f an implacable quarrel between two Bro- 
 thers ; and his rejlraii:ing the overfowings cf the River Lycus. The 
 fignal vengeance infiicled upon two Jews, counterfeit Beggars. The fame 
 and multitude of his miracles, and the authorities tojujtijie the credibility 
 cf them. Tl f rage and cruelty cj the Decian Ferjecution in the Re- 
 gions of Pontus and Cappadocia. His perjuading the Chrijlians to 
 withdraw. His own retirement. The narrow fearch made ^or hir,:^ and 
 his miraculous efcape. His betrayer converted. His return to Neocxfa- 
 rea, and inftitutingjolemnities to the memories cf the Martyrs, and the 
 reafons of it. The inundations of the Northern Nations upon the Roman 
 Empire. His Canonical Epiftle to reclife the diforders committed by oc- 
 cafion cf thofe inroads. His meeting ivith others in the Synod at Antioch, 
 about the caufe c/Paulus Samofatenus. His return home, age, and death. 
 His folemn thanks to God for the fliurifhingfiate of his Church, and com- 
 mand concerning his Burial. The excellent Character given of him hy 
 S. Bafil. His Writings. The charge of Sabellianifm. S. Bafils Apolo- 
 gy for him in that behalf. Modefly to be ufed in cenfuring the ancient 
 Fat her Sf and why. Pag. x6y. 
 
 The Life of S. D I O N Y S I U S Bifliop of Alexandria. 
 
 The place of his nativity. His Family and Relations. His converfion, how. 
 His Jludies under Orlgen. Whether a profejfed Rhetorician. Hisfuc- 
 ceeding Heraclas in the Catechetic School. His being conjiituted Bifhop 
 ^Alexandria, and the time of it. A preparatory perfecution ti? Ale- 
 xandria, how begun. The feverity of it. The Martyrdom of A^lpoWoniay 
 and the fond honours done her in the Church of Rome. The Ferjecu- 
 tion continued and promoted by Decius his Edicts. The miferable 
 condition of the Chrijlians. The Judden Converpon and Martyrdom of 
 a Guard of Souldiers. Dionyfius apprehended and carried into banijh- 
 ment, there to he beheaded. A pleafant account of his unexpetted deli- 
 verance hy means of a drunken rout. His retirement into the Defarts. 
 His return to Alexandria. The great number and quality cf the Lapfed 
 in the late Perfecution. The contejls about this matter. Dionyfius his 
 judgment and praflice herein. The cafe of Serapion. His dealing with 
 Novatian about his Schijm, and the copy of his Letter to him. His be- 
 ing engaged in the Controverfie about Rebaptization, and great modera- 
 tion in it. His Letter to Pope Sixtus about a per Jon baptized by Heretics. 
 Valerian us the Emperours kindnej's to Chrijlians. How turned to cruelty. 
 Dion}'fius brought before i€milian. His dijcourfe with him, and refolute 
 tonjlai/cy. He is condemned to be banified. His tranjportation into the 
 
 Dejaris
 
 The C ^> N T E N T S. 
 
 Defartsof Lybb. Thefuuefs of his Minijlry there, himmerablc Bar- 
 barians converted to the I\uth. Gallicnus his reiisin^ the rerjccutiutt. 
 I /is Letter to V)\ony(\\x% grjntin^ liberty to the Chrijlians. AlcxandrLi 
 jhut up by the ujurpjtum of /Emiliaii. The Divijiom within^ and Siege 
 withoHt. The horrible rejiilence at Alexandria ; and the finguLr k ind- 
 ue fs and compajfirn of the Chrifhans there abcne the Heathens. Diony- 
 flUS his conJHtation o/SabcUius. I lis unwary exprefflons^ and the charge 
 againft him, flu vindication^ both by himfelf and by S. Atlianalius. 
 His writing againjl Nepos. Ntpos who, and what h/s Principles and 
 Followers. Dionyfius his encounter with the heads of the Party. Hn 
 convincing a"d reducing then* back to the Orthodox Church. His 
 engaging m the Contrerverjte againji Paulus Samolatcnus. The loofe ex- 
 travagant y and mjolent temper and hianners of that man. DionyfiUS his 
 Letter to the Synod at Antiocll concerning him. The Juccefs of that a fair. 
 Dionyfjus his death. His Writings and E fifties. The lojs of thembe- 
 wailed. Pag. z 8 3. 
 
 THE
 
 r
 
 THE 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 f}:^ feveral tericds of the three firfi Ages. Onr Lords coM/fi^^ and thejea- 
 loMjhle»ejs oj It for the prop.ig.uion cj the Gojpel. I In entrance upon hu 
 FroPhetic Office^ .xnd the fum of his Minijiry. I he Juccejs of his Dodrine^ 
 ana theje%'er.il pi. tees where he tre.xched. The Story of Agbarus not alto- 
 gether improLwle. Our Lords De.xth. ff'h.it at tejf.it jv» given to the 
 pajjliges concerning Chrill by He. it hen Writers. The tejlimony of Taci- 
 tus. Pilat'j relation fent to Tiberius. Tf.^e Ads of Pilar, n-hat. Pi- 
 latV Letter now e.vt.inty Spurious. The Apojlks enteringupon their Com- 
 mifftoHy and fir jl Ails after our Lords Afccnjton. How long they continued 
 in Judxa. Their dijperjwn to preach in the Gentile FrovinceSy and the 
 fuccejs of it. Thejlate of the Church after the Apojlolic Age. The mighty 
 progrejs of Chrijlianity. Tlie numbers and quality of its Converts. Its 
 fpeedy and incredible fuccefs in all Countries^ noted out if the Writers of 
 thofe Times. The early converjwn of Britain to Chrijlianity. The gene- 
 ral declenfwn of Faganifm. The jttence and ceafing of their Oracles. This 
 acknowledged by Porpliyry to be the effedef the Chrijlian Religion ap- 
 pearing in the \ f orld. A great argument of its truth and divinity. J he 
 means contributing to the Juccefs of Chrijlianity. The miraculous Fowers 
 then refident in the Church. This prwed at l*irge out of the Frimitive 
 Writers. The gre.it learning and .it Hi ties of many of the Churches Cham- 
 pions. The mojl eminent cf the Chrijlian Apologijls. The principal of 
 them that engaged againjl the Herefies of thoje Times. Others renowned 
 for otfjer parts of Learning. The indefatigable zeal and indujlry ufed i,i 
 the propagation of Chrijlianity. Jnjlruaing and Catechizing new Con- 
 verts, Schools erecled. Travelling to preach in all parts of the World. 
 The admirable lives of the ancient Chrijlians. The fingular efficacy of 
 the Chrijlian Doilrine upon the minds of men. A holy life the mojl acce- 
 ptable Jacrifice. Their incomparable patience and conflancy under Juffer- 
 mgs. A brief Survey of the 7 en Ferjecutions. The fir Jl begun by Nero. 
 Ills brutijh e.\'trav.ig.inces^and inhumane cruelties. His burning Rome, 
 and the dreadfulnefs cf that conflagration. Tl'is charged upon the Chri- 
 JlianSy and their Jeveral kinds rf punijhment noted out of TacitUS. Tl:e 
 thief fff them that ju^ercd. The Ferjccut ion under Domii\2.n. The Vices 
 ef that Frince. The cruel ufige of S.]o\\n. Tl.'e third begun by Hx^- 
 jan. His character . His proceeding againfl the Chrijlians as illegal So- 
 cieties. Pliny'y Letter toTnjin concerning the Chrijlians, with the Em- 
 perours anjutr. Adrian, Trajan .» Jucce{Jor ; a mixture in him of fice 
 .;«</ I'ertue. His perjecuting the Chrijlians. This the fourth Ferfecution. 
 The mitigation ff it, audits breaking out again under Antoninus Pius. 
 Ve e.vce/lent temper and learning rf Sl.Aurclius. TJje ffth Fcrlecution 
 raijed by him. Itsjiercenefs m the Eafi, at Rome, ejpecially in France ; 
 the mojl eminent that fufjered there. The Emperours I'idory in hu Ger- 
 man \i'ars gamed by the Chrijlians Fra)ers. Scvcrus his temper : hn 
 t.ruclt\ towards the Chrijlians. The chief cf the Martyrs under the fixth 
 
 (a) ' Feifc'
 
 11 
 
 The In troductio 
 
 N 
 
 Perjecution. M?^ixvc\\n\xshis irr.mctlerate an:hil'ion avdl^.rlarcm cruelty 
 
 The Author of thejeventh Perjecution. This not uni'verjal. The cotnmon 
 
 evils and calmnties charged upon the Chriftians. Decius the eighth Per- 
 
 fecutor ; othenvife an excellent Prince. The violence of this Perjecution^ 
 
 and the moji noted fufferers. The foundations of Monachifm, jr/^w At/^. 
 
 The ninth perjecution, and its rage iWf/- Valerian. The mojl cnunent 
 
 Martyrs. The fevere punifl:ment of Valerian : his miferahle ufage by the 
 
 Perfian King. The tenth Perjecution begun under Dioclefian, and ivhen. 
 
 Thejiercenejs and cruelty of that time. The admirable carnage and re- 
 
 folution of the Chrijiians under all theje Jujferings. The proper influence 
 
 of this argument to convince the WorU. The whole conclmed with La- 
 
 dlantius his excellent reajonings to this pur poje. 
 
 I. \^<ts2#teyI^'^^.H E Hate of the Chriflian Church in the three 
 
 firft Ages of it may be confidered under a three- 
 fold period: as it was firfl planted and eftabli- 
 Ihed by our Lord himfelf during his refidence 
 in the World ; as it was enlarged and propaga- 
 ted by the Apoftles, and firfl Milfionaries of tlie 
 Chrillian Faith j and as it grew up and profpcred 
 from the Apoflolic Age till the times of" Conjtan- 
 tine, when the Empire fubmltted it felf to Chriftianity. God, who 
 in former times was pleafed by various methods ot Revelation to 
 con\^ey his will to mankind , hath in theje laji days fpoken to m by 
 his Son. For the great blelTing of the promifed Seed after a long fuc- 
 ceflion of feveral Ages being come to its jufl: maturity and perfection ; 
 God was refolved to perform the mercy promijed to the Fathers^ and to re- 
 member his holy Covenant, the Oath which he /ware to our Father Abraham. 
 Accordingly, In thefulnefs oj time Gcd jent his Son. It was in the decli- 
 ning part of Augujhis his reign, 'a hen this great Ambaflador arrived 
 from Fieaven, to publifli to the World the glad tidings of Salvation. 
 Oi) comr.ccif. A period oftime (as (<i) Origen obferves) wifely ordered by the divinePro- 
 hb.i.f.T). vidence. For the Roman Empire being now in the highefl pitch of 
 its grandeur, all its parts united under a Monarchical Government, and 
 an univerfal Peace fpread over all the Provinces of the Empire, that 
 had opened a way to a free and uninterrupted commerce with all Na- 
 tions, a fmoother and fpeedier paflage \\'as hereby prepared for the pub- 
 lilhing the doftrine of the Golpel, which the Apoftles and firfl Preachers 
 of Religion might with the greater cafe and lecurity carry up and down 
 to all quarters of the World. As for the Jews, their minds were awa- 
 kened about this time with bufie expedations of their Mej/ial/s coming : 
 and no fooner was the birth of the holy Jefus proclaimed by the arrival 
 of the Eaflern Magi , %\'ho came to pay homage to him, but Jenjalem 
 was filled with noife and tumult, the Sanhedrin was convened, and con- 
 fulted by Herod, who jealous of his late gotten Sovereignty, was refol- 
 ved to difpatch this new Competitor out of the way. Deluded in his 
 hopesof difcovcry by they^A/^/, he betakes himfelf to ads of open force 
 and cruelty, commanding all Infants under two years old to be put to 
 death, and among them itfeems his ov/n Son, which made {]>') Augujhis 
 pleafantly fay (alluding to the Jemfh cuflom of abflaining from Swincs- 
 flelhV/ abetter to be Ifcrods Hog than his Son. But the Providence of 
 God fccured the holy Infant, by timely admoniiliing his Parents to re- 
 tire 
 
 (■■') MicrokSa- 
 turnal. /.2.C.4. 
 ;.279.
 
 '[I)C I N T R O D U C T I O N. jji 
 
 tire into yAgv/>/, \\ licrc tliiy remained till the death of /Arc /t', uhidi 
 luippciiing not long attcr,tli';y returned. 
 
 II. N h A Iv tliirt) ) ears our I ord remained obfcurc under the retire- 
 ments of a private lite,appl)ini;him(elf '^ as the .Ancients tell us,aiidthc 
 hvangelical Hillor) plainl) intunates) to Jcjcphs imjiloyment, the trade 
 oi a Cjrff>.fer. bolittle I'atronagedid he give to an idle unaccountal-le 
 courfe of I itc. Bur no\s- he was called out of his Shades and Solitudes, 
 and publickly owned to be thatperfon, whom God had lent to be the 
 great I'rophet of his C hurch. 'J his was done at his I'aptifm, when the 
 ^^oly Cjhort ina \iliblelhaj>edelcended upon him, and God by an audi- 
 ble voice telUtietl ot him, /his /s wv IrlovtW Sen, in ivl.tni J .wi w:!! ph\i- 
 Jcd. Accordmgly he let himfelf to declare the Gounlels ofCiod, Gl- 
 tHguiout j/^Cjalilee, teMhin^ in rlxir S\Hjgr<i^nfs, jKfl prcjchir.g the (Jcjpel 
 of the- Ktn^Juni. He particularly explained the Moral I a\s', and rcllo- 
 red it to its jul\ authority and dominion over the muids of men, redeem- 
 ing it from thofe corrupt and perverlc interpretations which the Ma- 
 ilers of the 7c'ir///' C hurch had put upon it. He next infinuated the ab- 
 rogation ot the Aloju/c Oecononn , to which he was fent to put a pe- 
 riod, to enlarge the bounds of Salvation, and admit both Jew and Gtv.- 
 tt/e to terms of mercy : that he came as a Mediator betw een God and 
 Man, to reconcile the World to th.ei'a\ourof Hea\cn by ! lis death and 
 fuffcrings, and to propound pardon of fin and eternal life to all that by 
 an hearty Ix^lief, a fincere ie|")cntancc, and an holy life, were wiUing to 
 embrace and entertain it. 7 liis wasthefum of the doctrine which he 
 preached every wliere,asoiiportuifity and occafion led him; and which 
 he did not imjx)fe upon the World meerly upon tlie account of his own 
 authority and jxjwer, or beg a precarious entertainment of it : he did not 
 tell men they mufl believe him, becaufe he faid he came from God, and 
 had his Warrant and Commillion to inftrudb and retbrm the World, but 
 gave them themoft fatisfadory and conviclive evidence, by doing fuch 
 miracles as were beyond all powers and contrivances either of Art or 
 Nature, \a hereby he unanfwerably demonflrated, that hentu a Teacher 
 (Dim- jam Go//, /« thjt no >njn couU Ao thnfe miracles which he Aid^ except 
 Cod were with h/m. And becaufe he himfelf was in a little time to return 
 bock to Heaven, he ordained twelve^whomhe called AppjlUs,^ his imme- 
 diate Delegates and Vicegerents, to whom he deputed his authority and 
 power, furnilhed them witu miraculous gifts, and left them to carry on 
 that excellent Religion \\ hich he himfelt had Ixgun ; to whofe allifiancc 
 he joynal I W Oifciples, as ordinary coadjutors and companions to 
 them. 1 heir ( ommiliion for the pre-fent was limited to Falejiin^ and 
 they lent out onl) tvjcck andtoj.ne the lojl Ihcep of cf the honje of IfraeL 
 III. HOW great the fuccefs of our Saviours Miniflry was, maybe 
 guciled lrt>m that complaint of the Vharifces^ Behold the World is ([one i^^^'*^-- '"?■ 
 after hiw ; |x.ople from all parts in fuch vafl multitudes Hocking after 
 him, that they gave him not time for necellary folitude and retirement. 
 Indeed he went alf>nt doin^ ^pcdy preaching the word throughout all Judxa^ 
 and healing all th.it were pofltifed rf the Devil. Tlie feat of his ordinary 
 abode was GW//c{-,reriding for the mod part ( fays one of the Ancients * ^ • Vuiib Df- 
 in Galilee t>ftbcGentiles,i[ut he might there fow and reap tlie firQ iruits ''','f\"g'\ 
 of the calling ot the Gentiles. We ufually find him preaching at Naz,i- 4 3 ^ ' 
 retl'j atO*.', at Cor.rzm and Rethfiida^ andthe( ities about the .Sea of 
 Tile- 1! . hut efiH-ciaily at Capernaum^ the Metn>jK)lis of the Province, a 
 
 ( a 1 ) place
 
 iv The Introduction. 
 
 place of great commerce andtrafT-quc. He often vifited Jwrt^frj, and tlic 
 parts about jf/'w/j/fw:', whither he was wont to go up at tlic i ajcbal lo- 
 Icmnities , and fome of the greater Feflivals, tliat lo the general con- 
 courfe of people at thofe times might minifler the fitter opportunity to 
 fpreid the nct^ and to communicate and impart his doclnne to them. 
 Nor did he u ho was to be a common Saviour, and came to break down 
 thePartition-uall,difdain to converfe with the SamaritaKS^ fo contem- 
 ptible and hateful to the Jens. In Sychar not far from Scim.irhi, he freely 
 preached, and gained moftof tb.e inhabitants of that City to beFrole- 
 lytesto his doctrine. He travelled up and down the Towns and Villa- 
 ges of Ctvfarea ThiUppi., and went into the borders of Tyre and Sidor^ 
 and through themidft of the coafl;sof£>fcj/'(7/;.(, and where he could not 
 come, the renown of him fpread it felf, bringing him Difciples and Fol- 
 lowers from all quarters. Indeed his fame went throughout all Syria, and 
 there followed him great multitudes of people from Galilee^ Jud.cj, Decapolis, 
 Idun!,ej, from beyond Jordan, and from Tyre and Sidcn. Nay might we 
 * H.Ecci. 1. 1, believe the Hory, fo folemnly reported by Eufehim * and the Ancients, 
 '•'3f 3'- ( and excepting the filence of the Evangelical Hiflorians, who recorded 
 only fome ol the anions and pallages concerning our Saviour, I know 
 no wife argument againftit ) Achanis Prince oiEdeffa beyond Euphra- 
 tes y having heard of the fame of our Saviours miracles, by Letters num- 
 bly befought him to come over to him, whofe Letter, together with 
 our Lords anfwer, are extant in Eujehius . there being nothing in the 
 Letters themfelves that may juflly Ihake their credit and authority, 
 with much more to this purpoie, tranfcribed ( as he tells us ) out of the 
 Records of that City, and by him tranilated out of Synac into Greek, 
 which may give us fome account why none of the Ancients before him 
 make any mention of this affair, being generally Grangers to the Lan- 
 guage, the Cufloms and Antiquities, of thofe Eallern Countries. 
 
 IV. OUR Lord having fpent Ibmewhat more than three years in 
 the publlck exercife of his Miniflry, kept his lad Pallover with his Apo- 
 ftles ; which done, he inflituted the Sacramental Supper, configning it 
 to his Church as the (landing memorial of his death, and the Seal of the 
 Evangelical Covenant, as he appointed Baptifm to be the Foederal Rite 
 of Initiation, aud the public Teffera or Badge of thofe that fhould profefs 
 his Religion. And now the fatal hour was at hand : being betrayed 
 by the treachery of one of his own Apoflles , he was apprehended by 
 the Officers and brought before the public Tribunals. Fieavy were the 
 crimes charged upon him, but as falfe as fpightful ; the two main Ar- 
 ticles of the Charge were Blafphcmyagainn: God, and Treafon againfl 
 tlie Empcrour : and though they were not able to make them good by 
 any tolerable pretence of proof, yet did they condemn and execute him 
 upon theCrofs, feveral of theniielves vindicating his innocency, that he 
 wiis z r/ghteoiu nian,and the Son (f God. The third day after his interment 
 he rofe again, appeared to, and converfcd with his Dilciples and Fol- 
 lowers, and ha\ing taken care of the afl'airs of his Church, given a lar- 
 ger Commid'on, and fuller inllruclions to his Apofiks, he took liis leave 
 of tliem, andvifibly afcended into Fleavcn, ^nd Jate down on the right 
 haid if G.d, as head over all things to the Church, Angels, Authorities, and 
 Powers being made Jubjecl unto him. 
 
 y. THE Faith of thefc pallages concerning our Saviour, are not 
 only fecured to us by tlic report of the Evangelical Hiflorians, and 
 
 tiiac
 
 '//t I N T R O U U C '1 1 O N. 
 
 tlut jufliflcd by cvc-uirnclics, the c\'itlcncc of miracles, and tlic fuccef- 
 {\\c and uncontrolled conlcntot all /^gcsot'rhc( luircli, hut i as to the 
 lUbllancc of ihcni ) by the plan) confcdion of Heathen Writers, and the 
 enctnics of C hrill ianit y. ( j ) /.ic/tiu tells us, That the Author of this Re- 1^''^ ^'"""''t 5- 
 ligion was Chrifl, who under the reign of 7//r/w was |>ut to death L)y '^^'^•^' ''' 
 /'oura/s /'//.J.', the Procurator of yWifj .• wherel.y tliough tliis detefla- 
 blc .Supcrrtition was fupprcllcd tor the prelent , } et d;d it break out 
 again, Iprcading it felf not only through Jud.m^ tlic fountain of the 
 inifchiet, but in the very City ot /wwc it felf, where wharevei is uicked 
 and ihanaotui meets together, and is greedily ad\ anced into rcj^utation. 
 (jb) Eujclhis allures us, that after our 1 ords Alcenfion, PiLit according to (b)H.Fxc!.l a. 
 curtom, fcnt an account of hunto the tniperour : winch Ttlenm brought t.z.f^o.vi.i. 
 before tlic Scn.itr^ but tliey rcje>ifed it under pretence thit cognizance ^^"{"1% 29^' 
 hat! lx;en taken of it before it came to them ; it lx;ing a fundamental 
 Law of the Roman Scmxc, that no new God could be taken in without 
 the Decree of the .Senate ; but that however Tiherius continued his 
 good thoughts of Chrill , and kindnefs to the Chriftians. For this he 
 cites the tellimon}' of UrtuUian^ \\ ho in his (r^i Apology prefentod to the (')^po''>g- ^ 5- 
 Jiomjn Vowcvs affirms, that Tiler/uf^ in uiiofe time the C hrillian Keli-^' 20^*^'^'' 
 gion entered into the World, having received an account from F/Lr, 
 outoi Falfjiin \nS\ir.j concerning the truth of that Divuiity that was 
 there, brought it to the .Senate with the Prerogative of iiisown vote : 
 but that the Senate, lx;caufe they had not before approved of it, would 
 not admit it; how ever the tmperour continued of the fame mind, and 
 threatnod punilhment to them that accufed theChriftians. And before 
 Terru/Iian^ Jujlnt Martyr [tl' fpeaking concerning the death and fufferings W>4f»%"- 
 of our Saviour, tells the F.mperours,that they miglit fatisfie themfehes^^^" 
 in the truth of thefe things from the Ads written under Pontita Ptlat. 
 It being cuflomary not only at Rome to keep the Ach of the^fwj/f and the 
 People, but tor the Governors of Provinces to keep account of what me- 
 morable things happened in theiriGovernment.ihew^/j whereof they 
 tranfmitted to the F.mjx^rour. And thus did/V/j/* during the Procura- 
 torthip of his Province. How long thefe .'/r/j remained in being, I 
 know not: but in the controverfie alx)ut £.7//fr, we find the QuartiJe- 
 r/mdwj(r')junitying the day on which they obferved it from the .'/t/j of (e) Af.r.fifh. 
 Ftlat^ wherein they gloried that they had found the truth. Whether ^^'^'f- ^• 
 ihcfe were the Wt7x r/ /'//j/, to which 7«///>f appealed, or rather thofe^"'^^' 
 Adi tf Piht drawn up and publilhed by the command of (/ ) Ahximi- (f)Eufcb. u. 
 »//f, Dioclfllw's fuccjllc)r, in difparagcment of our Lord and his Religion, is ^ij' '' ' ^" ' 
 uncertain, but the latter of the two far more probable. However Ptljt\^'^'^° 
 Letter to T//cr/iu^T,^s he is there called CljudiuA at this day extant in the 
 AnjcephjUofis ( /j; ) of the younger E<ie(ippiis^ is of no credit, though that ig^ Mcj/cnr 
 Author challenges greater anriv.)uity than fomc allow him, lx;ing probably i-fi^^"'^, 
 contemporary w ith S. Andnjc^^nll by many, from the great conformity f^^ss.' 
 offlileand phrafe, thought to Ic S.Amhrcj'e himfelf, wjio with fomefew 
 additions compiled itoutof 7r)/c/»^«(.Butthen it is to be confidered, w jic- 
 ilier tint ,-/*fjff/>/'.;/j'.y/.f bedoneby the fame, or (whicii is moft pro- 
 bable 1 by a much later hand. Some other particular pairages concerning 
 our Saviour arc taken notice of by Genf/k Writers, the apjiearance of 
 the Star by OA////m, the murder of the Infants by /^/jiro^//i:i,tlieEclipre 
 at our Saviours PatTion hy PI Ufon TrulliAmn ( not to fpeak of his mira- 
 cles frequently acknowledged by Cclj'us^ Julumu^ z\\iirorpl')r) 'which! 
 Ihajlnot infirt ujxin. ' ' VI. IM-
 
 vi The Introduction. 
 
 VI. IMMEDIATELY after our Lords afcenf.on ( from whence 
 we date the next period of the Church 1 the Apoftles began to execute 
 the Powers intruded with them. They prefcntly filled up Jufla'hxs 
 vacancy by the eie>tiion of anew Apoftle, the Ivt jallivg upcn ALittbias, 
 and he was numhred mtb the eleven Apojtles. Iknrig next endued with 
 power from on high ( as our Lord had promifed them ) furniilicd with 
 the miraculous gitts of the Holy Glioll, they fet themfelves to preach 
 in places of the greateflconcourfe, and to the faces of their greatell ene- 
 mies. They who but a while before fled at the firft approach of dan- 
 ger, now boldly plead the caufe of their Crucified Mailer, with the im- 
 mediate hazard of theii- lives. And that nothing might interrupt them 
 in tliis imploymenr, they inilituted the Oifice of Dcwons^ who might 
 attend the inferiour Services of theChurch while they devoted them- 
 felves to what was more immediately necellary to the good of fouls. 
 By which prudent courfe Religion got ground apace, and innumerable 
 Converts were daily added to the Faith : till a Perlecution ariiirg upon 
 S.Stejjhens Martyrdom, baniHied the Church out of Jerujalem^xhou^ 
 thisalfo proved its advantage in the event and iHue, Chridianity be- 
 ing by this means the fooner fpread up and down the neighbour C oun- 
 tries. The Apoftles notwithftanding the rage of the Perfccution, re- 
 mained ft:ill at Jerufilem , only now and then difpatclung lome few of 
 their number to confirm and fettle the Plantations, and to propagate the 
 Faith, as the neceflities of the Church required. And thus they con- 
 tinued for near twelve years together, our Lord himlelt having 
 1 - commanded them not to depart yfmy./A-w and the parts therealouts, 
 till twelve years after his Afcenfion, as the ancient Tradition mentioned 
 (a) Af.Etifeb. hoxhhy {a) Appclonim, znd ib) Cktr.ens ^Iexc,,:dnnns informs us. And 
 ^^^"^\y- now they thought it high time to apply themfelves to the lull execution 
 (bjstromat.i of that CommiHion w hich Chrift had g ventiiem, to go teach andLaptize 
 6. p. 636. W. a/l Nations. Accordingly having fetledthe general aHairs and concern- 
 Sgjfj.°,,; "^'"'mentsof the Church, they betook themlelves to the feveral Provinces 
 num. s. of the Gentile World , preaching the Gofpel to every Nation under 
 Heaven, fo that even in a literal fenfe, their Jound n-ent into all the earth, 
 and their words unto the ends of the World. "Infinite multitudes of peo- 
 (c) Lib. 2. C.3. " pie in all Cities and Countries ( fays («:'■ Eujebius '' like Corn into a weli- 
 />.4r. « ^ijgj Granary, being brought in by that grace of God that brings Sal- 
 
 " vation. And they wiiofe minds were heretofore diftempcrcd and 
 " over-run with the errour and idolatry of their Anceflors, w ere cured 
 " by the Sermons and Miracles of our Lords Difciples, and ibaking off 
 " thofe chains of Darknefs and Slavery which the mcrcilefs Diancns had 
 " put upon them , freely embraced and enrertaincd the knowledge 
 " and fcrvice of the only true God, the great Creator of the World ; 
 " whom they worlhipped according to the holy Rites and Rules of that 
 *' divine and wifely contrived Religion which our Saviour had introduced 
 " into the World. But concerning the Apoftles travels, the fuccefsof 
 their Miniftry, the Places and Countries to which they went, the Chur- 
 ches they planted , their Ads and Martyrdoms for the Faith, we have 
 given an account in a Work peculiar to that Subjcfb, fofar as tlie Re- 
 cords of thofe times have conveyed any material notices of things to us. 
 It may fuflice toobferve, that God wasplealed to continue S.John to a 
 very great age, beyond any of the reft, that he might fupcrintcnd and 
 cultivate, confirm and eftablilh what they had planted, and be asaftahd- 
 
 ing
 
 'Ihc Introduction. \'\\ 
 
 ingand lively Oracle, to which they might from all parts have recourfc 
 in any conficlcrahlc doubts and exigences of the Church, and that he 
 might leal and atiel\ the truth ot thofe rhint^s, \v luchmcn of corrupt and 
 pervcrfc m.nds, e\en then U'gan to call in^ueAion. 
 
 VII. H KN( K then wc pafs on to furvey the Hate of the Cliurcli 
 from the AiHiHolic Age till the times of CoJt.wtDte^ tor thcfpacc of at 
 Icaft two hundred )ears. And under this pcrif'd we fliall principally 
 remirque two things. • What progrels the C hriftian Religion made in 
 tlie World. Secondly, What it w as tiiat contributed to io \ ad a gro'A tli 
 and incrcolc of it. 'Ihat ( hriOianity trom the nature of its precepts, 
 the fublimcnefs of its principles, its contrariety to the cr.allillied Kites 
 and Religions of the World, was likel) to find bad cntcrtainmcnr, and 
 the fiercefl op|X)fition, could not but beob\ious to every impartial con- 
 fidcrcr of things ; w hich accordingly came to pafs. For it met w ith all 
 the difcouragcmcnr, the fecret undermining , and open aiTauIts w jiicli 
 malice and prejudice, wit and parts, learning and pouer were able to 
 make upon it. Notuithllanding all which, it lift up its head, and pro- 
 Ibercd under the grcatcft ojipolitions. And the triumph of the C hri- 
 ftian Faith will appear the more confderablc, u hcther wc regard the 
 number and (.quality of its C onverts, or the vaft circumieicncc to w Jiich it 
 did extend and difiufe it feli'. Though it appeared under all manner of dif- 
 ad\ ai'tngcs to recommend it fcif, yet no looner did it fct up its Standard, 
 but fx;rlonsfrom all parts, and ot all kind of principles and educations 
 begin to tlock to it, lb admirably afledting vcr)' many both ofthe6"/r<f/(> 
 and Bjrljr/iws ( as Origen (j) tells Ce/Jiu ^ and they both w ile and unwilc, (a)Cot:tr. Celf. 
 that they contended for the trutli of their Religion even to the laying /•'•/'• 21, 22. 
 down their Kves, a thirg net known in any other Profeflion in the 
 Woi Id. And P. elfewherc he challenges him to ihew fuch an unfpeakable f ^)'?"/ /• 3. 
 multitude of Grcf it J and Barkiruns rcpofmg fuch aconfidenccin/S/cK-^ '""*■ 
 l.if>itu, as Ik could of thofe that iiad embraced the Faith of the holy J ejus. 
 And w hen (c^Celfin objei^cd that Chriftianity w as a clandeftin Religion, {c)ib.i i.f.j. 
 that fculktd and crept up and down in corners; O/vgtv/anfwcrs, That 
 the Religion of the C hriUians was better known tliroughout tiie whole 
 World, tiian the dictates of tlieir lx.-fl Philofophcrs. Nor were they 
 only mean and ignorant perfonsthat thus came ovcr,but (as (^).-//-w//m ('O^^Jr.Ceiit. 
 nbterves) menof the acutcft parts and learning; (h\iton,Grjnimjr/j»s 
 HhtcrkiaMS^ Lawyers, Fhjjc/JMS, Pbilojcphers, defpifing their formcrly- 
 l ( !ovcd fenriments, fate down here. (/) Tertullian addrclling himfelf to (') /f/W^.37. 
 the A'rwuwGovernours in behalf of the Chriftians, adurcs them, that al-^'?-- 
 though they were of no long (landing, }ct that they liad filled all pla- 
 ces of their Dominions;theirCitics,inands,Caflles, Corporations, Coun- 
 cils, Armies, Trilxs,Com|nnies, the Palace, Senate, and Courts of Ju- 
 dicature: that if they had a mind to revenge themfelvcs, they need not 
 betake themfelves to clancular and fculking Arts, their numbers were 
 i;rcat enough to appear in oy<n Arms, having a Party not in this or that 
 Province, but in all quarters of the World : nay , that naked as tiicy 
 Were, they could be lUfficiently revenged upon them; for fliould they 
 but all agree to retire out of the H(m,m Empire, the World would fland 
 ama/ed at that folitude and defolation that would cnfuc ujwn it, and 
 they w ould have more F.nemics tlian Friends or Citizens left among them. 
 And he v7 '■ bids the VrejiAent >V.7/>«/.; confidcr, that if he w ent on with the T' AiSc.-.^.' 
 Pcrfecution, what Ik would do with thofe many thoufands bcth of men" ^^ " 
 
 an«l
 
 vTi] 'The Introduction. 
 
 and women, of all ranks and ages, that would readily ofTer themfclves, 
 w hat Fires and .Swords he muii liave to diipatch them. Kor is this any 
 (.1^ .U r.:tj. I. more than what (a) Fliny himlelf conlelies to the Emperour, that the cale 
 J o. Ep'ji. 97- ox" the C hriflians w as a'matter worthy of deliberation, elpccially by rea- 
 ibn of the multitudes that were concerned, tor that many of cacli 6ex, 
 of every age and quality were and mufl: be called in quefiionj this^/<- 
 psrjlkicn having infected and over-run not the City only, but Towns 
 and Countries, the Temples and Sacrifices being, generally defolate and 
 Ibrlaken. 
 
 VIII. NOR was it thus only in fome Parts and Provinces of the 
 ,;■: Dial, cum Ronufi Empire, but in moft Nations and Countries, (h) Jujlin Martyr tells 
 
 - ;i''-'f345- the Jeii\ that whatever tliey might boaflof the univerfality of their Re- 
 ligion, there were many places of the World whither neither they nor 
 it ever came : whereas there was no part of mankind, whether Greeks 
 or BarbarianSjOX by what name foever they were called, even the moft 
 rude and unpolilhed Nations, where Prayers and 1 hankfgivings were 
 not made to the great Creator of the World through the name of the 
 {c)Lih.di Fat.- crucified Jejm. 1 he fame Bardejanes ( c ) the Syriav^ Jujtiti's contempo- 
 ap.Fjijeb.prjif.xzYY^ affirms, that the followers of the Chriftian Inftitution, though li- 
 ^Tvzit'^' '^'"'S ^" different parts of the World, and being very numerous in every 
 Climat and Countrey, were yet all called by the name of Chriftians. 
 (d) Lc jujlit. SoJ)Ldiantius., the Chriftian Law (^fays he)is entertained from the rifing 
 /•3c.i3f494of'theSunto the going down thereof, where every Sex, and Age, and 
 Nation, and Countrey does with one heart and foul worlhip God. If 
 (e)A{v.Hx>ef.[Yom. gcncrals wedefcend to particular Places and Countries, if) //rw^rwj", 
 /.J.C.3./-.52. ^.^^Q entered upon the See of Lyons Jm. Cb. CLXXIX. affirms, that 
 though there were different Languages in the World, yet that the force 
 of Iradition, (or that DoQrine that had been delivered to the Church) 
 was but one and the fame; that there were Churches fetled in Germany, 
 Spain, France^ in the Eajl, in Egypt and Lylia, as well as in the mid- 
 (nAdv.JudMs^^^ of the World. (/) Tertidiian^^ who probably wrote not above 
 c.T-f.Vi^. twenty years after Irenaus, gives us in a larger account. " Their jound 
 " (lays he) went through all the Earthy and their words to the ends of the 
 " World. For in whom but Chrift did all Nations believe ? Parthiansy 
 '" Medes, ElamiteSy the inhabit ants of Mefopotamia, Armenia.^ Phrygia., and 
 ^^ Cappadocia, of Pont us., Ajia, and P amply lia, thofe who dwell in £g^/)/^, 
 " Afric, and beyond Cyrene, fl rangers at Rome, Jews at Jerufalem, and 
 " other Nations ; as alfo now the Getuli, and the Mauri., the Spaniards, 
 *' and the Gauls , yea and thofe places of Britain, which were unap- 
 " proachable by the ii^^w.zw Armies, are yet fubdued to Chrift,- the ■S'^r- 
 " mata zlCo and the Daci, theG£'/-»7<7Wj'and the Scythians, together with 
 '^ many undifcovcred Countries, many Iflands and Provinces unknown 
 " to us, which heprofeflcs himfelf unable to reckon up. In all which 
 " places ; fays he ) the name of Chrift reigns, as before whom the Gates 
 " of all Cities are fet open, and to whom none are fliut ; before whom 
 " Gates of Brafs fiy open, and bars of iron are fnapt afunder. To which 
 (p) Lib ''.p 2- (ig)^>'"ohiui adds the hd/^ms, the Perjians, tlie Sene, and all the Iflands and 
 "' provinces, which are vifitedby the rifing or fettingSun, yea, znd Rome 
 it felf, the Emprefs of all. 
 
 IX. F R O M 7frt;i///aiis account we have a moft authentic teftimony 
 how early Chriflianity ftretched it felf over this other World, having 
 before his time conquered the moft rough and inaccclTible parts of Bri- 
 tain
 
 The Introduction. ix 
 
 tain to tlic banner of tlic Crofs, whiclimay probably rcltr to the con- 
 vcrfionof King I.hc/us[ the firll (^hrillianKing that ever was^ a potent 
 and conl'idcrable Prince in this Kland, who embraced tlie ( hriHian Re- 
 ligion about the year CXXWVi. and Tent a (blemn KnibafTv xoElcuthi- 
 r/n\\ BilJK^p o{' Jxome, lor fome who might further inftrudt him and his 
 people in the Faith; who accordingly dilpatched /wg.;««j and Deiivi.ws 
 iiithcr upon that errand. Not that tiiis wastlie firft tune tliat the Ciof))cl 
 made its way through the &/.ai.s d-rf^ayiiGi. [asC/fmens (./^calls tlie^.'''^/"-/' '^ 
 Bniilh OccjHj and fo the Ancients conftantly {[\\c'\t)the mip.ijjjhlc Oce.w, onuD.f.. . 
 dn({ thoje worlds which are beyond it r, that is, the Bn tannic Iilands : it had 
 been here many years Ix-forc, though probably flidcd and oscrgrown 
 with the ancient Paganifm and Idolatry, br. Clemen s (h'^x.dh us of (ij/ii^.^S. 
 Sr. r./.v/,thai hepreacliL-d both in the P-iJl znAW'eJl ; and ha\ing inlbu- 
 <fl'ed the whole world in righrcoufnefs,made his way tothc utmolt bounds 
 of theiJVy/; by which he mufl either mean Spain^ or inore probably 
 Bnt.uM^ audit may be both, .Accordingly Jheodoret (c\ fpeaking of Ins ;„ py^,"J'^/' 
 coining into i'/>.//w, la) s, that befidcs that, he brought great advantage to 
 the Illes of the Sea ; and he reckons {(T) the Cimhii and tiie Britams among (-/J De curatj. 
 the Nations which the Apoflles (^ and he particular!}' mentions the Z^'wr-^^'-^j"'^'^"'" 
 vuker ; converted to the Chriflian Faith. If alter all this, it were nc- fAzy " 
 ccllary to enter into a more minute and particular dilquifition, I might 
 enquire not only in what Countries, but in what Towns andCities in 
 thole Cx)untrics Chriftianity fixed it felf, in what places Epifcopal Scti 
 were ereded, and what fucceilion of Billiops are mentioned in the Re- 
 cords of the Church ; but that this would not well confift withtlie de- 
 figned Ihortnefs ot this Introdu*ftion, and would be more jXTrhaps than 
 the Readers patience would allow. 
 
 X. T H t Ihadows of the night do not more naturally vanilli at the 
 
 rifingof the Sun, than thedarkncfs of Pagan Idolatry and Superftition 
 
 flcii before the Light of theGofpel; which the more it prevailed, the 
 
 clearer it difcovered the folly and impiety of their worlhip : Their fo- 
 
 lemn Ritesap|x.ared more trifling and ridiculous , tlieir Sacrifices more 
 
 barbarous and inhumane ; their Demons were expelled by the mcanell 
 
 ChrilVian, their Oracles became mute and filent, and their very Priefls 
 
 began to Ix: albamcti of their Magic Charms and Conjurations ; and the 
 
 mjre prudent and fubtlc heads among them, whoftood up for the Rites 
 
 and Sol- mnities of their Religion, were forced to turn them intomyfti- 
 
 cal and ailcgoncal meanings, far enough either from the apprelKnfionor 
 
 intention of the vulgar. The truth is, the Devil, who for fo many age? 
 
 had ufurpal an Empire and Tyranny over the fouls of men, became more 
 
 fenfible every day, that his Kingdom Ihaked ,• and therefore fought, 
 
 though in vam, by all ways to fupport and prop it up. Indeed lomu 
 
 time i-cforeour Saviours Incarnation the mofl celebrated Oracle at iV/- 
 
 fhos had loft its crcxlit and reputation, as alter his appearance in the 
 
 world they funk and declined every day; whereof their Left Writers 
 
 univcrfally complain, that their gods had forfaken their Temples, and 
 
 Oracular Rccelles, and had left the world in darkneis and obfcurity ; 
 
 art'! that their Votaries did in vain folicit their Counfels and anfwers. 
 
 i ' -vho lived under Trajan, wrote a particular Tv2t\ ( ftill extant ) 
 
 f' . ^, the cc.ilitij^ (f Oracles , which he ende.ivours to refobc panlv 
 
 into natural, partly into moral, jxirtly into p)litical caufcs, though all 
 
 Ins Philofophy was toolhort to give aiuft and fatisfa:lory account of ir. 
 
 i^h') One
 
 X The Introduction. 
 
 One caufc he alT'gns of it is, the death and departure of thofe Da:motiSj 
 
 that heretofore prefided over thefe Oracles. To which purpofe he relates 
 
 a memorable pailagc, conccnimg a voice that called three times aloud 
 
 r.iti. -tTh' u- to one 'J i. amis an£ev/>''^-w ^hip-inallcr and his company, as they lailed 
 
 J;'f'!X4S' bytiie£6-/v».7^.rir.ands, commanding him when they came near toy^- 
 
 kdes to make Proclamation, that tte great Fan ivas dead, which he did • 
 
 and the news was entertained not w ith the refentment of one or t\\ o, 
 
 but of many , who received it with great mourning and conflernation. 
 
 The circumiiancesof this ftory he there reports more at large, and adds, 
 
 that the thing being publilhed at Rome, 'I bamm wasfent for by liheruh^ 
 
 to whom he gave an account, and fatisfied him in the trurii oi it. 
 
 {a)Vrafar. -winch circumfSancc of time {ci) Enjehhis obferves correfponds w ith our 
 
 ^'irv.'zo-i. Lords convening in the world, when he began openly to difpolieis Da:- 
 
 niofis of tliat pow cr and tyranny which they had gained over mankind. 
 
 And (it the calculation which fome make, hit right ,i itiell in about the 
 
 time of our Saviours Pallion, who ledcaptraty captive, JpoHed principa- 
 
 litjes and powers, and made a fhew of them openly, triumphing ozer themm 
 
 his Crofs, and by his Death dejiroyed him that had the power oj death, that i.', 
 
 the Devil. 
 
 XI. HOWEVER that the filence of Oracles, and the enervating 
 the power of Damons was the eriedf ot the Chriflian Religion in the 
 world, we need no more than the plain confeliion of Porphyry himlelf 
 (truth will lometimcs extort a contellion out of the mouth of its greateft 
 
 enemy ) who fays, that now itsnouondenj the 
 Tiiei -5 ^^!U77 ShsJa^ Ti >^ l^'c.v 7;^^ ^ • r r ^ /,^^^ y^^^ overrun withjuknefs, 
 
 si< ^KOraVw Wf^cfci', ^^ai-^i oKg-^'iit^Zf Alculapius and the rejt cj the gods havt,:g with- 
 ^/^ /tuficfef^ .Ejeyiijpp©- , iv T«^)^9' iVF drawn their converfe with men : for thatjwce Jefus 
 
 « N,.^; -^ &ajjfxd(^J, ilZk-Lu W v.r- %"? ^^ ^^ ^orfhipped, no man hath received a.ypuh- 
 sixitas T -mKiv 11 FC<r©-,'AtrKxnOT« «si' th- lie help or henejit by the gads. A great argument, 
 j\,ui^^^ra>>.^<y0iZvi^yJ:T-iay,,:u^^ ^s Eu/ebiM Well urges , of our Saviours Divine 
 
 mU'«&,t>. TaZ-n l>n/Mi<nvavir,i('onof- authority, and the ttuth ot his Dodruie. For 
 ifva©-- Eufcb. ubifiifr. c.i.p. 179. when V lays he a little before ) fucli number of fi- 
 
 ftitious deities fled at our Lords appearance, who would not w ith admi- 
 ration behold it as an uncontroulable demonftration of his truly faving 
 and excellent Religion, whereby fo many Churches and Oratories 
 ,^ through all the world both in Cities and Villages, and even in the De- 
 
 farts and Solitudes of the mod barbarous Nations have been erefted and 
 confecrated to the great Creator, and the onl) Sovereign of tiie World : 
 when fuch multitudes of Books have been WTitten, containing the moll 
 imcom parable rules and infiitutions to form mankind to a lite of the 
 mofl; perfe£t Virtue and Religion , precepts accommodate not to men 
 only, but to women and children : w hen he Ihall fee that the Oracles and 
 Divinations of the Pinww areceal'ed and gone; and that the Divine 
 ■ and Evangelical virtue of our Saviour no fooner vifited mankind,but they 
 began to leave off their wild and tranticways ofworihip, and to abhor 
 thofe humane facrifices many times of their dearefl relations^ where- 
 with they had been wont to propitiate and atone their bloody and merci- 
 kCsDarNons, nnd into which their wifefi; and greateft men had been be- 
 W Or^it-^ in. Witched and feduced. I add no more but S.ChrxJoJh'ms { b ^challenge, "J udge 
 p,^2aTom.i. ""^^^^^'^^^^'^^5 Othou incredulous ^nr, and learn the excellency of the 
 " truth ; what Impoftor ever gathered to himfelf fo many Churches 
 \ '' throughout the world, and propagated his worihip from one end of 
 
 \ . it
 
 Ihc Introduction. xi 
 
 " it to the other, and luLclutU fo many .Subjects to his Crown, even 
 " when thoiifands of impediments lay in the way to hinder him / cn- 
 *■• t:iinly no mm : ;i plain evidence thatClhrid was no Impoflor, 1 ut a 
 " Saviour and Benelactor , and the Author ot" our jije an^l h;i|>pinels. 
 
 \if. W K'luvclecn with what a mighty iiiccefs C hrillianity dil- 
 played its banners over the world; let us next coiifider what it was 
 that contributed to fo vail an increafc and i^ropagation of it. And 
 here not toinfiftupon thcblelling of the Divine Providence, which did 
 immediately fupenntend its prulj erity and \\ clfare, nor upon the in- 
 trinfic excellency of the Religion it felt", which carried elfential chaia- 
 iitersof Divinity upon it , fuilicient to recommend it toevcry wile ami 
 good man, there were five things among others that did efpcciail}' con- 
 duce to make way for it ; the miraculous powers then relldent'in the 
 Church, the great learning and abilities of its champions and defenders, 
 the indefatigable induftry ufed in propagating of it, the incomparable 
 lives of its profellors, and their patience and conftancy under fuflcrings. 
 It was not the leaft means that procured tlieC hriflian Religion ajufl: ve- 
 neration Irom the world, the miraculous attellations tliat \\ercgi\cn to 
 it. I Ihall not here concern my lelf to Ihew, that miracles truly and pub- 
 licly wrought arc the highefl external evidence that can be given to the 
 truth of that Religion, which they are brought to confirm ; the force 
 of the argument is fulliciently pleaded by the Chriftian Apologifts. 
 That fuch miraculous powers were then ordinary in theCliuich,\\ehavc 
 the concurrent tertimonies of all tiic firfl Writers of it. JuJ}i» flLrtyr 
 (ji^ tells the Fm|x:ror and the Senate, that our Lord was born for the Tub- u) w r 
 verfionof the l\n>w>/s, which they might know from tiievery thintrsf 45- 
 done in their fight ; for that very many who had been vexed and pollcl'. 
 fed by l\cnions, throughout the world, and in tins very City of theirs, 
 whom all their cxorcilts and conjurers were not able to relieve, had been 
 cured by fevcral ("hriftians through tjie name of Jfjcu that was crucified 
 under Pontius f/Aj/f ; and that attliis very time they flill cur'd thcm,dif- 
 arming and expelling the D<rwow.f out of thofe whom they had polIelVd. 
 The fame he affirms in his difcourfc with 7A;/'/'o(/;)the7f;i-, more than f',/).'.' ,..,« 
 once, that the Devils trembled and flood inawcofthepowerofChrifl • ^'V ; -47. 
 and to this day being adjured by the namcof y^/wj C/'/-/// crucified under '^^■^°^' 
 FcHfius FiLit the Frocurator of Jurlici, they \sere obedient to Chrilli- 
 ans. JrcHicus (f ^alfurcsusthat in his time, the Chriflians enabled by the ^'•''•^' W-ov/ 
 Grace of Chrift, raifed the dead, cjeifed ZVwow.r, and unclean rpiritsjf.n;*^^',^'^' 
 the }x;rfons fo difpllellcd coining over to the ( hurcli : others had \'ifions 
 and the gift ofProphefic ; others by Impofition of hands healed the Sick 
 and reftored them topert'ecl healtli. ikit I am not able (fays he) to rec- 
 kon up the number of thole gifts, which the Church throughout the 
 world receiving from God, does every day freely cxcrcife in the name of 
 ^c/w r/.'r///cruci fied under /V;///"//j /'//.//■, to the benefit of the world. 
 7('r/«///j«y")challenges the Ronu» Governors to let any pollellc'd pcrfon Ix; f-^' '^M'- 23- 
 brought Ixjforc their own Tribunals, and they Ihould fee, that ilie fpirit ^'^^' 
 king commanded to f|x;ak, by any Chriflian, Ihould as truly conlefs 
 himlelf tobc a Devil, asat other times he fallly boafled himfelf to be a 
 God. And he tells .S'c.j/'///.;, (r") that they rejected, dilgraced, and exix.1- ^j/^./'r^.:/..-.:. 
 led Dxmons every day, as moft could bear them witnels. OrigcM (f) bids F *• 
 Cd/fu take notice, that whatever he might think of tlKrejWts which the /:''2*^rs;^'''''' 
 Gofivl makes concerning our .Saviour ; yet that it was the great and marr. 
 
 (l^ i) nificent
 
 xii The Introduction. 
 
 nificent \\-ork of Jefus, by his name to heal even to this day, whom God 
 f )j.S pleafed; thathe;^/)^'^""^"^''-'''' ^^^^^ ^^^^^ many, who by having the name of 
 (.i; bs.p.i2A. ^^^^ ^^^ Chrift called over them, had been delivered from thegreateil 
 
 evils, frenzy and madnefs, and infinite other dificmpers, which neither 
 men nor devils had been able to cure. \Miat inlluence thefe miraculous 
 erie£ls had upon the world, he lets us know elfcwhcre. " The Apollles 
 (/') Lib I . » -4. " of our Lord (Jays {h) be) without thefe miraculous powers would never 
 ^ " have been able to have moved their Auditors, nor perfuaded them to 
 " defert the inftitutions of tiieir Country , and to embrace their new 
 " Docfrine; and having once embraced it, to defend it even to death, in 
 " defiance of the greatelt dangers. Yea even to this day the ioot-lleps 
 " ofthat Holy Spirit, which appeared in the ihapeof a Dove, are pre- 
 " ferved among the Chriflians ; they exorcize P^wyowj, perform many 
 " cures, and according to the will of God forcfce and foietel thiny to 
 " come. At which, tliough CelJ'us and his perfonated 7e!L' may laugh, 
 '■ — -^. " yet I affirm further, that many e\"en againlt their inclinations have been 
 *' brought over to the Chrillian Religion, their former oppofition of it 
 " being fuddenly changed into a lelolute maintaining of it unto death, 
 '^^ " after they have had \' ilions communicated to them ; feveral of which 
 " nature we our felves have feen. And Ihould we only reckon up thofe 
 " at which we our felves have been prefent and beheld, it may belt 
 " would only make the Infidels merry ; fuppofing that we like themfelves 
 " did forge and feign them. But God bears witnefs with my confcience, 
 " that I do not endeavour by falfly-contrived flbries, but by various 
 " powerful inflances to recommend the Divine Religion of the Holy Je- 
 *' Jus. More teftimonies of this kind I could eafily produce from Mi- 
 riutius Ftziixfyprian^Amolius^ and Latlant'ms ; but that thefe are enough 
 to my purpofe. 
 
 XIII. ANOTHER advantage that exceedingly contributed to the 
 triumph of Cliriftianky, was the fingular learning of many, who be- 
 came champions to defend it : For it could not but be a mighty fatisfa- 
 cf ion, efpecially to men of ordinary capacities, and mean employments 
 ( which are the far greatefl part of mankind ) to feeperfons of tncmoft 
 fmart and fubtil reafonings, of the moft acute and refined underfland- 
 ings,andconfequently not eafily capable of being impofed upon by arts 
 of fophiftry and plaufible ftories, trampling upon their former fentiments 
 and opinions, and not only entertaining the Chriftian Faith, but defend- 
 ing it againfi its mod virulent oppofers. 'Tis true indeed the Gofpel 
 at its firll fetting out was left to its own naked flrength, and men of the 
 mofi: unpoliiht breeding made choice of to convey it to the World, that 
 it might not feem to be an humane artifice, or the fuccefs of it be afcribed 
 to the parts and powers of man. But after that for an hundred years to- 
 gether it had approved it felf to the world, and a Iharper edge was fet 
 upon the malice and keennefs of its adverfaries, it was but proper to take 
 in external helps to aflift it. And herein the care of the Divine provi- 
 dence was very remarkable, that as miracles became lefs common and fre- 
 quent in the Church, God was pleafed to raife up even from among the 
 Gentiles themfelves, men of profound abilities, and excellent learning, 
 (c) theod.u. who might TuTs ojtaois irli^h /SaAAer, ( as Julian(c') faid of the Chriflians 
 £c(r/./.3.3.c.8. of his time) beat them at their own weapons, and wound them with 
 ^' '^'" ' arrows drawn out of their own quiver ; and it was high time to do fo : 
 for the Qentiks did not only attaquc the Chriflians and their Rehgion by 
 
 methods
 
 Ibc Introduction. xiii 
 
 mctluKls ot' cruelty, and by arts of infinuation, not only object what 
 wit and I'ubtilty could invent, to bear aiiy Ihadow and pretence ot rea- 
 foii, but load fhcin withrlic blackell crimes, which nothing but the 
 uf moll malice and prejudice could ever rul'pecl to be true. Jjiis ga\ e 
 occalion to the C brill i;m jApologiHs, and tlie lirll Writers againlt the 
 6V/»///r.f, w lio by their learned and rational difcourfes alloil'd the C.hrJ- 
 llians honuhe things charged jguinll ihem; jullified the reafonablcnels, 
 excellency, and divinity ot their Religion ; and ex|X)s'd the toUy and 
 fallliood, tiie brutilhnels and impiety, tlie ablurd and trilhng rites of the 
 Fjq^.ui Worlhip ; by which meairs prejudices were removed, and tliou- 
 fands brought over to the I aith. In tiiis way they that rcndred them- 
 llhcs molt renownetl, anil did greatell ter\ ice to tlic Chriltian caufe, 
 were efpecially thele, Qu.iclr.ittn lUlliop of Athens^ and Arijiid:s, for- 
 merly a tamous iMiiloIopher of that Cit), a man wife and eloquent, dedi- 
 cuedeachan .iprloQctic to the Kmpcror Adrian: JuJ/hi the Martyr^ be- 
 fides fe\(val Tracls againll: the Otv/.'/Av, wrote two Apologies; the firfli 
 pre'ciii^'.l to AHtonimii P/iu, thcfccond to AI. AureliiUy and the Senate : 
 al out which timealfo Wz/'f/zj^onn prefentcd his Apology to M.Aurel/iiSy 
 and Am ■.■//!/< ro*w;w//wf.- not to mention his excellent dilcourle concerning 
 the Relurretihon.Totiic fame/J/..-//</t7///i, ./lyt/z/oBilhop of .S'..vv/,' exhibi- 
 ted his Apologetic Oration for the Chriflians: under this Emperor alfo 
 llourillied .tpo/iiuuris Bilhop of / fiera^olis in ,///'./, and dedicated to Itim 
 an incomparable difcourfe in defence oi the (^hriflian Faith; bcfides five 
 I5ooks which he wrote againll the OV///'//a,and two concerning the /r«/;!'. 
 Not long after Iheophilus bilhop of Antioch compos'd his three excellent 
 Books tor the convicVion ot Autol\cus : and Miltiades prefcnted an Apo- 
 logv y jirobabfy ) tothetmperor Cnmnwdm. 'fjti.jn the .S'y/-/./;/, Scholar 
 to 'itijlin Martyr^ a man learned and eloquent, among other things wrote 
 a Book againft the Ce»r//eSy which (ufliciently evidences his great abili- ^ 
 tics. 7crfi4///.i», a man of admirable learning, and the firfl. of the Latim 
 that apixxired in this caule, under the Reign of Sczerus^ pubUlhed Iiis 
 apologetic, direded to the Magiflratesof the A'owjw Empire ; lx;fides his 
 Books, Ad SatioMes^ De JdoloUtrta^ Ad ScaptiLim, and many more. After 
 him fucca-ded Or/jien, whole eight Books againll Cf/Jus did not greater 
 fervice to tlv: Clhriiiian ca.ue, tliantliey did honour to himlelf. A1//im- 
 ciMs y ur/zx, an eminent advocate at Kome^ wrote a thort, but mofl: ele- 
 g int / ' * ' (.tu een ( \iji-/!4S and dccilius, wliich ( as Laclantius[j)\ong (■')Dehi/},tJ^. 
 Imccob.v, »,.u lhews,how fit and able an advocate he would have been '' ' ^ '♦'9- 
 to aliert the trutii, lud he \\ holly applied himfelf to it. About the time 
 oi (jj//us and /V/////JW, Cy^r/jM addrelled himfelf in a difcourfe to Peme- 
 trun the Fr.'CPHful of Afin\, in behalf of the Chriflians and tiicir Reli- 
 gion, and publillied his Tra:l De IdJorum vjnitjte, which is nothing 
 but an Epitomeof.'1//w«(//<.f his Dialogue. Towards theclofeof that Age 
 under !hoc/c/tJH,ArMcl/us taught Rhetoric with great applaufc at Skcj m 
 Afric; and bdng convinc'd of the truth of Chriflianity, could hardly 
 make the CihnUians at firll believe that he was real. In evidence 
 therefore of liis fincerity, he wrote fevcn Books againft the GcMtiUi^ 
 w herein he fmartly and ration.ally pleads the Chrillian caufe: as not 
 long alter his Scholar J.^iLintms, ujio under Pioc/c/un profefTed Rhcto- 
 lic at Si '^rrd,.!, let himfelf to the comjxifing feveral difcourfes in dc- 
 lenccofthe C^hriftian, and fubverfion of the Gc-»r/Ic- Religion. A man 
 witty and eloquent , but more happy in attacquing lus Advcrfaries, 
 
 than
 
 xiv The Introduction. 
 
 than in edablilhing the Principles of his own Religion, many v\ hereof 
 he feems not very diftin^lly to have underflood. Toallthele 1 may add 
 Jpo//o>m(s,o. m:iQ verfed in all kind of Learning and Philolophy ; and ( if 
 St. H'lerom fa) right) a Senator of RomCy who in a ftt Oraticn with fo 
 brave and generous a confidence, eloquently pleaded his own, and the 
 caufe of Chrifiianity before the Senate it felf ; for which he lufiered as 
 a Martyr in the Reign of Ccmmcdus. 
 
 XIV. AND as they thus defended Chriflianity on the one hand 
 from the open aflaults and calumnies of the Gentiles^ fo were they no 
 lefs careful on the other to clear it from the errors and Herefies, where- 
 with men of pcrvcrfe and evil minds fought to corrupt and poyfon it. 
 And the chief of thofe that ingaged in this w ay w ere thefe, ^gnppa Ca- 
 jior^ a man of great learning, in the time of Jdna>^, w rote an accurate 
 Refutation of Bafilides and his Principles in xxiv. Books. Theophilus of 
 Antioch againft Henmgenes and Manivn ; Apullniaris^ fhil'ip Biihop of 
 Gortjna in Crete, fliufanas, Modejlus, Rl.wc/on, Tat/an s Scholar, Miltiades, 
 Apollonius, Serapioti Bifliop of Ant/och, and hundreds more, who en- 
 gag'd againfl: the Marcionites, Montanijls, and other Heretics of thofe 
 times. But the principal of all was Ireri(eits,\\\\o took to task the mofl 
 noted Herefies of thofe Ages, and with incomparable induftry and 
 quicknefs of reafoning unravelled their Principles, expofed their pradlri- 
 ces, refuted their errors,w hereby ( as he frequently intimates ) many were 
 reduced and recovered to the Church. I might alfo mention feveral 
 others, who though not known to have particularly adventured in ei- 
 ther of thefe ways, are yet renowned for their excellent skill in all Arts 
 and Sciences, whereby they became eminently ufeful to the Church. 
 Such ( befides thofe whereof an account is given in the following work ) 
 were Dionyfius Bifliop of Corinth , Bardefanes the Syrian, wiiofe learning 
 and eloquence were above the common flandard, though he alfo wrote 
 againft almoft all the Herefies of the Age he lived in. Jmmonius the 
 celebrated PliUofopher of Alexarulria, Julius Africanus, a man peculiarly 
 eminent for Hiftory and Chronology ; Dorotheas Presbyter of Antioch^ 
 famous for his skill in Hebrew^ as weli as other parts of learning ; Ana- 
 tolius the Alexandrian, whom Eufehius magnifies fo much as the moft lear- 
 ned man, and acute Philofopher of his age, exquifitely skilfd in Arith- 
 metic, Geometry, Aftronomy, Logic, Phyfic, Rhetoric, and indeed what 
 not? Fierius, Presbyter of Alexandria, an eloquent Preacher, and fo 
 great a Scholar, that he w-as commonly flyled O'rigen Junior. But this 
 is a field too large to proceed any further in, and therefore I ftop here. 
 I'o Ceifutpor- ^y ^^^ which it is evident, what St. Hierom \^a 'remarques, how little reafon 
 piiyriusjuiia- Celfus, Porphyry, and Julian had to clamour againft the Chriftians, as 
 mis, rdndt ^ ^^jg ^^j illiterate generation, who had no Learning, no Eloquence, or 
 
 mhcrjiis Can- „, • , y- , 11 
 
 jtumcancs4if- Philolopliy to recommcnd them. 
 
 cam corumje- 
 
 iiiitores, qui ptitant Ecclejiam, ntillos Philofophos & eloquentes, nullos habuijje DoFlmes, quant i (3 quales viri camfun- 
 <iaverint-, cxtruxerint, (3 orrunicnnt-, ^ dcfwd7n fidem nojlram riijitcie tdntuin fimfltcitatis arguereyfiiamque potius 
 jinpcrntAm agnojcimt. S.Hieroii. prajf. nd Catalog, de fcript. Ecckl^ 
 
 XV. A third advantage that helpt on the progrefs of Chriftianity, 
 
 w'as the indefatigable zeal and induftry ufed in the propagation of it. 
 
 No ftone was left unturn'd, no method unattcmpted, whereby they 
 
 {h) Af.Gruter. might reclaim men from error, and bring them over to the acknowiedg- 
 
 jHfcript.p.z^^. j^gpj. of tiic trutli. Hence in an ancient Inlcription {I) faid to be fet up in 
 
 Spain,
 
 7 he I N T R O D Ll C T I O N. XV 
 
 Sp,i/»^ to tlic honour of ATc/o, they arc dcfcribcd under this (Jiara:lcr, 
 Qjjl N0f\-lAI GENEHl HUM. SVPEKSIJI ION. JNCVLCAH. 
 'Jhvje iJ'o iticuluilefl and oJtntdeel a new Supctjiit ion upon wankmrl. In- 
 deed r'lev were inhnitely zealous to gain Frolehtes to the Led Religion 
 in tlic world. Jhev preached it boldly, and |Ma)ed heartily lor the con- 
 verhon and rcformaiion of mankind, Iblicited their neighbours that were 
 A et rtrangers to the Faith, indruied and int()rmed new converts, and 
 I'udt thctiiup iiu the mull hoh l'.ii:h. Thole that were of greater |>arts and 
 eminency creeled and inllituted Schools, where they publickly taught 
 thofc that retorted to tliem, grounding them in the rudiments of the 
 Faith, and antidoting them both againll Heathens on the one (;de, and 
 Heret.cs on the other. .Among us ^ la\ s (./ 1 Imuih) not only the rich and c-r^'^lf""^,'' 
 the \vc-a!thy learn our Philofophy , but the poor arc freely dilciplined 
 andinilructed: we admit all that arc willing to learn, whether they be 
 old <M- young. And what the fuccels was, he tells (^/j us a little after, that (tji/;/i.^. 168. 
 all thtii- \'irg;ns were fober and modell, and were wont to difcourfc 
 concerning divine things, even while they were fitting at their Diftaffs. 
 Nor d.d the) content rliemfelvesonly to do thus at home, many of them 
 freely I xpolingthemlcKts to all manner of luuards and hardlhipi: no 
 pams u ere thought great, no dangers confiderable, no dilHculties infu- 
 }H.Table, that they might enlarge the bounds of the Gofpel, travelling 
 mto t!ic moft barbarous Nations, and to the remotefl; corners of the 
 world. "The divine and admirable Difciples of the -Apoflles ( lays 
 ** M £*/(7'/i/i ) built upthefuperllructuresot thofc Churches, the foun- (c)w.£cc/«/3. 
 " dations whereof the Apoflles had laid in all places where they came: '^•Vt- 1°9- 
 *' they everywhere promoted the publication of the Gofpel, lowing the 
 *' leeds of that lKa\ enly Doclrine throughout the w hole world. For 
 " their minds being infiamed with the love of a more divine Philofophy, 
 " according to our I ordscounfel, they diflributed their eflates to the 
 " poor; and leaving tlK-ir own Countries, took upon them the office of 
 " Fvu>.jic//J(s ; preaching Chrirt, and delivering the Evangelical Wri- 
 " tings to thofc who had not yet lb much as heard of the Chrillian Faith. 
 ** And no fooner had they founded the Faith in any Ibrein ( ountries, and 
 " ordained guides and PaQors, to whom they committed the care of 
 " tho'.'e ncu Plantations, but they prefently betook themfelves to other 
 " Nations, mtifying their Do:lrine with the miraculous powers of that 
 " Divine "spirit that attended them : fo that as foon as e\er they began 
 " to preach, the people univerfall\ Hocked to them, and chearfully and 
 " heartily embraced the worlhipof the true God, the great C rcatorof 
 " the world. In the number of thefc Evangelical NlilVionaries, that were 
 of the firfl Apollolical fuccell'.on, were 5//,/.(, Sylvjuuf^ Cnjccns, .-iKdio- 
 Mi.uty /rrp/'/niM^ Marcus^ Arijhrchus^ &c. as afterwards FjHtitHus who 
 went into /W/j, Fothims and Jrenu:us from Smyrna into Fr.wa\ each 
 fucccllively becoming I'jilliop of Lyons ^ and infinite others mentioned 
 in thcHilloriesand Martyrologics of the Church, who coiintai not their 
 lives to le dear unto then\ fo that they nii^htjinilh their courfe with joy^ and 
 make known the my fiery of the Gofpel to the ends of the earth. 
 
 XVI. FOUR I HEY, Chriflianity rccommmcnded it felf to the 
 world by the admirable lives of its protellbrs, which were lii truly 
 conlonant to all the laws of virtue and goodncfs, as could not but recon- 
 cile thewifcrand more unprejudiced part of the GentiU world to a bet- 
 ter opinion of It, and vindicate it from thofc abfurd and fenllcfs cavils 
 
 that
 
 xvi The Introduction. 
 
 that were made againfl it. For when they faw Chriflians every where fo 
 lerioufly devout and pious, fo incomparably chad and ioLer,ot iuchlium- 
 ble and mortified tempers, fo fir iftly jufl and righteous, fo kind and cha- 
 ritable, not to thcmfelves only, but to all mankind, they concluded 
 there mufl I c fomething more than humane in it : as indeed no argument 
 ""^is fo convi6Vive, as a demonftration from experience. Their lirgular 
 piety, and the difcipline of their manners weighed down all the tuiad- 
 vantagcs they were under. Ihe divine and moll admirable /po- 
 , .„,,r Hies of C hrilt ( fay s ( a) Eufelim ") how rude foever they w ere in fpt ecli. 
 C.24. ;>. 94. were yetiDv piovaxpws ^t/5^'.<^ro'.^f/^^o/,x^ apsTH 'rrxari tils -^v^s x*>^co-(U>;|xy. cj, 
 of the mod pure and holy lives, and had their minds adorned with all 
 forts of virtue. And fuch generally were the Chriliians ot the lucceed- 
 ing Ages ; they did not entertain the world with a parcel ot good w ords 
 and a plaufible flory, but Ihewed their Faith by their works, and pro\ed 
 the divinity of their Religion by the heavenlinels of their lives. We 
 (h)M.Ftel.Di- ( faysthe Chriflian in ; l' MinuciusFalix ) defpife theprideand luperci- 
 aLnonUiigek jjoufnels ot Philofophers , whom we know to be debauched perfons, 
 ' ' ' and alv\a}s eloquent againfl thofe vices of which themfelvts are moft 
 guilty. For we meafure not wifdom by mens garbs and habits, but by 
 their mind and manners ; nor do we fpeak great things fo much as live 
 them, glorying that we have attained what they earneflly fought, but 
 could never find. Chriflians were then the only perfons that really 
 were what they pretended to, men heartily reiormed from vice to vir- 
 (c) Apl u. t;ue : " Being perfuaded ( as Ji<Jl/n I^lartyr tells ( c) the Emperors ^ by the 
 ^' '■ " Word, we have renounced the P^rwcw, and through the Son \\ orfliip 
 
 " the only and unbegotten Deity : and we \\ ho heretolbre took pleaiure 
 " in adulteries, do now embrace the llrifteft challity ; and who \\ ere ad- 
 " di6t ed to magic arts, have devoted our felves to the benign and immor- 
 " tal God: we who valued eftate and riches before all things in the 
 " world, do now call what we have in common, diflributing to every 
 " one according to his need : we who by hatred and daughters mutually 
 " raged againlt each other, and refus'd to fit at the fame fire with thole 
 *' WHO were not ofouroM^n tribe; fince Chrifl's appearing in the world, 
 " familiarly converfe together, pray for our enemies, and for the conver- 
 " fionof thofe that unjullly hate us, endeavouring toperfuade them to 
 " live according to the excellent precepts of Chnfl, that fo they may 
 " have jufl ground to hope for the fame rewards with us from the great 
 " judge of the world. Indeed flrange was the eflxacy of the Chrillian 
 
 Doillrine over the minds of me^,whichtheChri- 
 T.««/.^Mc. 3. t A.adKmcn.c i ?.4'. f^^^n Apologifts at every turn plead as an uncon- 
 
 Onff.cowr.Cf//./.!./'. 9. 15, 21,36, 50, 53. 1 /■ ° J r 1 • n 1- • i • j 
 
 /z/;.2./!.6i.85,38, i lo./ii. 3. p.i 28,147,1 52, troulable evidence ot their Religion ; that it made 
 I yj.hb.^. f. 1 67. iih. 6. /). 306. lib. 7. f . 364. all forts of perfons that complied with it, chad and 
 
 '.2.6.' p. ^zt lib. t'c.'l. p! 35 1 .'' '"'^ ' ' ' temperate,quiet and peaceable, meek and modefl, 
 
 and afraid of the leafl appearance and colour of 
 ?. Mart Orat.ad Cr^c-Mo. Athamg. Leg^t. ^^,j^^^ i|_ ^yj^^j^ ^^iQ Heathens derided them 
 
 ■p.i-i.Clem.yHex.Storm. l.j.p.jo6,Toc),-;i4, r , 1 /- i • • r i • 
 
 71^,72?,. Miimc. Fa:i.p.26. ^o. Armb.ndv. fot tile mean and unpompousloiemnitiesof their 
 Getit.i.-j.p. 1 04. orig. comr. Ccij'.i. 8. f 3^5. Religion, they univerfally declared, that God re- 
 |.HoxSt.;.15- fi/'w^f ^ ■ '■ ' ■ fpefted no man for any external excellencies or ad- 
 
 vantages, it was the pure and the holy foul he de- 
 lighted in ; that lie flood in no need of blood or fmoke, perfumes and 
 incenle ; that thegreatefl and befl facrifice was to offer up a mind truly 
 devoted to him: that meeknefsandkindnefs, and humble heart, and an 
 
 inno-
 
 The Introduction. xvii 
 
 •nnoccnt life, was the Sacrifice wirh wliicli GotlwasUcll pleifeti, and 
 infinitely lx.}(>nd all J/cIjL.n'/fs and Oblations ; that a pious and devout 
 mind w.isthc fitttll Temple tor God to dwell in, and that to i\o one's 
 duty, toabllain trom Un, to Lx: intent uix)n the Oftices and Miniflrati- 
 onsoH'rayerand IVaile, isthetriiell Fedival; yea, tlut the whole IiIloI 
 a good man is nothing elle but a holy and tellival Iblemnity. i'his u ;is 
 the Religion of ( hnllians then, audit rendred tlieir proleilion amiable 
 and venerable to the World ; and torced many times its moft violent 
 oppol'ers to tall down, and lay tf.\it God n.n di rlrm of ./ /r«.'/'. lint the 
 let's ot this AtgunKiu istuid lierc, a full account havuig Ixjen gi\en ot it 
 in a work peculiar to this bubjcdh 
 
 XVII. Uri'Hi \\ The Ditciples ot this holy and excellent Rciigi- 
 on gained innumerable Profelvtes to their Party by their Patience and 
 Conilancy under SulJerings. T hey were immutably rcfolved to maii^. 
 rain their flation, notwithtlanding all the attempts made to beat thcr»* 
 from it: They entertained the fieicell threatningswith an unlliaKenmind, 
 and tearlelly iK'held the rack', and ciigins prejmred for them : T hey 
 laughed at torments, andcouited llames, and went out to meet Death in 
 its blackeft drefs: They dyed rcjoycing, and triumphed in the midll of 
 thegreateft tortures; which liapning tor fome ages almoft every day, 
 could not but convince their enemies that they ueie in good earned; 
 that they heartily believed their Religion to be true, and that there mull 
 be adivineand tufxrnatural pouer going along with it, that could Tup- 
 port them under it; which JitJ//» M.irt\r confefles, was one main in- 
 ducement ot his C onverfion to Chrillianit) . What particular methods 
 of cruelty were ulcd towards the iVimitive Ciirinians, and with how 
 Lra\e and generous a patience, with what evennel's and tranquility of 
 mind they bore up under the he^aviell and acutefl torments, we have fuf- 
 ficiently declared in another place : and therelore iliall here only take a p,,m. cl-riff. 
 ftiort lurvcy of thofe ten famous FerJecutionSy that fo eminently exercifetl P-*rt.ii. ch.^\ 
 the Faith and Patience of tlic Prirtiitive Saints, and then collect the force 
 of the Argument rctiilting from it. And this the rather, becaufe it w ill 
 prcfcnt us with the bell proljX-v^t of the Hate of the Churcii in ihofe ear- 
 ly ages of it. As to the jxinicular ilatcs and periods of fome of tliefe {kt- 
 lecunons, difllrcnt accounts are alligned by Su/pitrui Stierui^ Eujelju\ 
 Orc.in^I ficroni, and Others ; we ihall follow that which ihalJ apjicar to 
 be moft likely and probable. 
 
 Win. THK firllthat railed a general Perfecution againft the ( hri- 
 ftians, was A'(7<', as r/r/;////.j« (.;) tells the Cn>;.'//c\; and torthe truth of (.j)/(pe/.r^fc, 
 it, relers them t.) their own public .-ire fuzes and Records. A iVince of 
 that wild and ungovernable temjxr, of fuch brutilh and extravagant man- 
 ners, tlut their own Writers fcruple not to tlyle him, alkali in humane 
 lhajie,and the very monller ot mankind.Hc w as guilty ot the moft unlxiun- 
 ded Pride aiul Ambition, DrunkLiinels, I uxury,andall manntr ot Debau- 
 chcr)-, Sodom) and Inccft, w hich he attempted to commit witli lits ow n 
 Mother. But cruelty teemed to predominate among his other vices ; 
 bcfidcs infinite others, he ditpatched the greattft j>art of the V- 
 natc, put to death hisTutor iVMa.iandhis Witc, J.kijn the \\\t ; nay 
 violated all the Laws of Nature, in falling upon his own near Relations . 
 he w .IS privy to, if not guilty of the death ot his Father ( /.;«///*> ; killed 
 his two Wives, (Kijz/.i and rcppj:.i^ and murdered .inrciuj lecaulc 
 rcfufing to fuccccd m their Dtxl ; he poiloned liis Brother BnUKH.^ui • 
 
 (c) and
 
 xviii The Introduction. 
 
 and to complcat all tliefe villanies, fell next upon his own Mother ^grij>- 
 pnia, whom he hated for her free reproving his loofnefs and extravagan- 
 cy,- and having firftfpoiled her of all public honours and caufed her to 
 be openly difgraced and derided, then thrice attempted her life by poi- 
 fon, he at laft lent an Allallinate to flab her. And the tradition then went, 
 that not content to do this, he himfelf came and beheld her naked Corps, 
 contemplating and handling its feveral parts ; commending fome and dif- 
 praifing others. And if thus barbarous and inhumane towards his own 
 Kindred and .Subje£ls, wc cannot think he was over-favourable to Chri- 
 (a)ff.Ecc!ef.l.2. ftjans; wanting tins title ( fays EHJehim l^a) to be added to all the reft, to 
 <=■ 45/- 67- be ftyled the firft Emperor that became an Enemy to the Chriftian Reli- 
 gion, publiihing Laws and Edifls for the fupprefiing of it; and profecu- 
 ting thofe that profeded it, with the utmoft rigour in every place ; and 
 that upon this occafion. Among infinite other inftances of his madncls 
 and folly, he took up a refolution to burn RomCy either as being ofien- 
 ded with the narrownefs of the ftreets, and the deformity of the build- 
 ings, or ambitious to become the author of a more ftately and magnifi- 
 cent City, and to call it after his own name. But however it was, he 
 caufed it to befet on fire, about the XIX. of July^Ann. Chriji. LXIV. The 
 conquering flames quickly prevailed over that City, that had fo often 
 triumphed over the reft of the World, in ftx or feven days fpoiling and 
 reducing the far greateft part of it ( ten Regions of fourteen ) into 
 allies ; laying wafte Houfes and Temples, and all the venerable Antiqui- 
 ties and Monuments of that place, which had been preferved with fo 
 much care and reverence for many ages ; himfelf in the mean while 
 from Meaenas his Tower beholding the fad fpecf aclc with pleafure and 
 delight, and in :he habit of a Player, fuiging the deftru£lion of Troy. 
 And when the People would have but fearched the Ruines of their own 
 houfes, he forbad them, not fufTering them to reap what the Mercy of 
 tlie flames had fpared. This Aft ( as well it might ) expofed Iiim to all 
 the hatred and deteftation, wherewith an injured and abufed People 
 could refent it, which he endeavoured to remove by large promifes, and 
 great rewards, by confulting the Syhill'me Books, and by public fuppli- 
 cations and facrifices to the gods. Notwithftanding all which, Jac'i- 
 (h)An7iai.Li 5. f^^^ Q^^^ ^^\\^ ^^^ j.j-,g pgopig ^^{ belicved him to be the author of the mif- 
 <:■ 44- ?• 5 • ^.[^igjr -phis not fucceeding, he fought to clear himfelf by deriving the 
 odium upon the Chriftians, whom he knew to be fufficiently hatetial to 
 the People, charging them to have been the Incendiaries, and proceed- 
 .• ing againft them with the moftexquifite torments. Having apprehended 
 
 fome, whom they either forced or perfwaded to confefs themlblves guil- 
 ty, by their means great numbers of others were betrayed ; whom Ta- 
 citm confeflcs, that not the burning of the City, but the common hatred 
 made criminal. They were treated with all the inftances of fcorn and 
 cruelty ; fome of tliem were wrapt up in the skins of wild Beafts, and 
 worried by Doggs; others crucified ; otliers burnt alive, being clad in pa- 
 per coats, dipt in pitch, wax, and fuch combuftible matter; that when 
 day-light failed, they might fervc for Torches in the night. Tliefe fpe- 
 ftacles i^ero exhibited in his own Gardens, which yet the people enter- 
 tained witji more pity than pleafure ; knowing they were done not for the 
 public benefit, but mcerly to gratifie his own private rage and malice. Lit- 
 tle better ufage did the Chriftians meet with in other parts of the Em- 
 {c)At. Griiter. ^nvc, as appears fi-om the infcription (c) found at Cimia in Spai»^ dedicated 
 
 ,C.ppr.ut.U. ^^
 
 The Introduction. xix 
 
 to Nero in memory of his hiving cleared tlic Province oftliolc rhat hdd 
 inrroduccti a new >SupcrlUtion amongll mankind. Under tliis Pcrfccuri- 
 on luHercd /<•£•/.-•, /('/•</«{•«•, 'forii'uitus^ I\l.trcellu<, and fevcral (nhers men- 
 tioned in the ancient Martyrologics, cfpecially the ApoftJes /V/cr and 
 1\ihI ; the on'.- upon tlie Oofs', the other by the Sword. 
 
 XFX. THK troubltfomc \iciiiitudes and revolutions of affairs that 
 liipncd under tlic fuccecdmg Kmperors, G.ilLi^Otho^ and f^/fe///iu ; and 
 the mild and merciful difpoiitionof /W^w/r./w and ///•//x, gnve fome rcll 
 to tlie ( hrifliins: till Pcmir/jn fuccccding, Itgan a .SfKlOND 
 V E R SEC U T I O N. A man of a tem|x;r vaflly dillerent from that 
 of his Father, and his Brother; for though at firfk he put on a pjaufiblc 
 c.irringc, yet he foon left oj the lizor^ and appeared like himlelf; la- 
 zy and unacHve, ill-natur'd and fufpicious, griping and covetous, proud 
 and inlolent : > ea, fo vainly ambitious as to arfed Divinity, in all public 
 Edilsalfuming to himfelf, and in all Petitions and AddrelTcs requiring 
 from others the titles ot Lorr/ and G^</. He never truly loved any 
 man; and when he moft pretended it, it was a fure fign of that mans 
 ruinc. His cruelty he exercis'd firll upon flies, thoulands whereof he 
 dilparched every day; next upon men, and thofeof all ranks and flatcs: 
 pirtmg to death the mort illullrious Senators, and |x;rfons of the great- 
 cll honour and nobility upon the molt trifling pretences ; and many 
 times for no caulc at all. In the fiercenefs and brutality of his temper 
 hecquall'd AVrt?, Forth Neronis de crudditatey as TertuUtan fliles him ; Loc.fufn.cit. 
 nav, in this exceeded him: that Nero was content to command execu- 
 tion to be done at a dillance , while D(>m/r/.]>i took plcalurc in behold- 
 ing his cruelties exercifed before his eyes : An argument of a temper 
 deejx^r died in blood. But the ( hriflians, alas, bore the hcavicft load of 
 his rage and malice, whom he every u here perfecuted either by death 
 or banilhment. Under him St John the F.v.}nz^ei/Ji was km tot to Home-^ 
 and by hiscommand thrown into a Cauldron of boiling oil : in the midfl 
 whereof, when the Divine Providence had miraculoully prefer\ed him, 
 he immediately banilhed him into Fatmos. He put to death his Coufin- 
 German Fl. Clemens ( at that time Confxl ) for being a Chriftian, 
 and banilhed his Wife //. Domitilla ( liis own kinfwoman alfo) upon the 
 fame account into the Ifland Panfl.xtarij. At length his brutifh and 
 bloody pradices rcndred him intolerable to his own friends and fervants, 
 who confpir'd againfl him (his own Wife Domitta being of the confede- 
 racy ) and flew him. His luccelfcr Nervj abrogated his Ads, and recal- 
 led thofe whom he had profcrilx^d and banilhed; among whom S. John 
 taking the Ix^nefitof that Adoi Revocation, quitted P^rnw^^ and retur- 
 ned to Fpl'efi/f. 
 
 XX. T H E T H I R D PERSECUTION commenced 
 under Trjjjn^ uhom Nerij had aiiopted to ic his Succellbr. A Prince 
 he was of excellent and incomparable virtues, whofe jufticeand im|)ar' 
 tiality, gcntlenelsand modelly, munifia-nce and liberality, kindnefs and 
 affability rendred him infinitely dear and acceptable to the {x^ople ; the 
 extravagancies of his Predecellbrs not a little contributing to tweeten 
 his Govcrnr.ent to them. He wis mild and dif-pallionatc, familiar and 
 courteous; he Ihewctl a great reverence to the .Senate, by whole advice 
 heulually ai>cd; and they to requite him, gave him the title oi' Opr/mus, 
 as winm tlicy judged the bell of all their Princes. He convcrfed freely 
 and mnocently with all men, being defirous ratljer to be beloved, than 
 
 C c i ) cither
 
 XX The Introduction. 
 
 than either fear d or honoiirVl by the people. 1 he glory of all which 
 is exceedingly flain'd in the Records ot the Church by his fevere pro- 
 ceedings againll the Chriftians. He looked upon the Religion ot the 
 Empire as daily undermin'd by this new way ot Worlhip, that the num- 
 bers of C:hriftians grew formidable, and might poHibly endanger the 
 peace and tranquillity of the Ronnm State ; and that there w as no bet- 
 ter way to fecure to himfelf the favour of the gods, elpeciaJly in his 
 Wars, than to vindicate their caule againft the Chriflians. Accordingly 
 theretbrc he illiied out orders to proceed againft them, as illegal Sucj&tws, 
 ere:tcd and ac.Hng contrary to the Lawsj in which number all Colleges 
 (a) L.1.&3. ^nd Corporations were accounted, that were not {a) fettled either by the 
 ff.dc'coikg.(3 Emperors conftitution, or the Decree of the Senate; and the perfons 
 T^at'^ ''''' C'^) frequenting them adjudged guilty of High Trealon. Indeed the Empe- 
 {b)vipian de rors ( as we have elfewhere oblerved ) were infinitely fufpicious of luch 
 off.froconf.l.e. niectings, as which might eafily confpire into Fad ion and Treafon : and 
 \c) 'ub. I o. E- therefore when pl/»y(c) interceded with 7'mj.w in the behalf of the City of 
 /)j/;.42, e? 43. Nicowedia ^ that being fo fubjeft to fires, he would conftitute a corpora- 
 tion of Smiths, though but a fmall number, which might be eafily kept 
 in order, and which he promifed to keep a particular eye upon : 1 he 
 Emperor anfwered. By no means, for we ought to remember (^Jays he) 
 that that Province, andefpecially thole Cities are greatly difturbed by 
 fuch kind of Factions ; and whatever the title or the occalion be, if they 
 meet together, they will be Hetena, though lefs numerous than the reft. 
 That they look'd upon the Chriftian Aflemblies as in the number ot thefe 
 unlawful Corporations ; and that under this pretence Trajan endeavou- 
 red to fupprels them, will appear from Tlinfs Letter to him. In the mean 
 time he commanded them either to offer lacrifice to the Gods, or to be 
 punilhed as contemners of them. The people alfo in feveral places by 
 popular tumults falling foul upon them. The chief of thole who ob- 
 tained the Crown of Martyrdom under him, were S. Clemens Bilhop 
 of Rome, S. Simeon Bilhop of Jerujalem, and S. Ignatius Bilhop of An- 
 tioch, whom Trajan himfelf condemned, and fent to Rome, there to be 
 thrown to wild Beafts. 
 
 XXI. THE Perfecution rag'd, as in the other parts of the Empire, 
 fo efpecially in the Provinces ot Fontm and Bithynia, where Tliny the 
 younger ( who had fome time fince been Conjul ) then governed as Tro- 
 Prator with Confidar power and dignity. Who feeing vafl multitudes 
 of Chriflians indiv^ed by others, and preHlngon of themfelves to exe- 
 cution, and that to proceed feverely againft all that came, would be in 
 a manner to lay uafle thofe Provinces, he thought good to write to the 
 Emperor about this matter,- to know hispleafure in the cafe. His Let- 
 ter, becaufe acquainting us fo exadly with the flate of theChriftians, 
 and the manner of proceeding againft thcm,and giving fo eminent a tefti- 
 mony to their innocency and integrity, we ihall here infert. 
 
 V 
 
 C P L I N-
 
 The Introduction. xxi 
 
 C r L I N I U S to the Emperor TRAJAN. 
 
 JT is T»v cuftom^ Sir, in all affairs wherein I Aouht^ to have reccurfeto yoiu 
 /'or who can letter either Jn.i) my nrefolution^ or inffruil my ignorance .' 
 I have never ieen heretofore prejent at the examination and trial of Chrijli- 
 ans i and therefore know not what the crime iSy and how far it is wont to 
 le punijhedy or how to proceed in thefe enquiries. Nor ivas la little at a 
 loji^ whether regard be to he had to dilference of age ; whether the young 
 and the weak he to be dijhngitijhed from the more Jlrong and aged f whe- 
 ther place may he allowed to repent ance^ and it may he of any advantage to 
 L'in\ who once was a Chrijlian, to ccaje to he Jo .^ Whether the name alone 
 without other otjcnces^ or the ojfehccs that go along with the name^ ought to 
 le punijked f In the mean time towards thoje who as Chriflians have been 
 brought before wr, / have taken this courje \I asked them whether they were 
 Chrijiians ^ Ij they confeffed^ I asked them once and again , threatning 
 punijhment ; // they peijij/ed, I commanded them to he executed. For^ I 
 did not at all doubt hut that , whatever their conjefton was^ their 
 Jlulbornnefs and injkxihle objlinacy ought to be punijhed. Others there 
 ivere gmlty of the like madnefs , whom becaufe they were Roman CitizenSy 
 / adjudged to he tranjmit ted to Romc. While things thus proceeded^ the 
 error , as is ujual^ Jpreading farther^ more cafes aid enjue. A namelefs 
 libel ir«JU prejent edy containing the names of many who denied themjelves 
 to be^ or to h.Tve been Chrijiians. Theje^ when after my example they invo- 
 cated the Gods., andofferedH'me and Jncenfe to your Statue (which for that 
 purpoje I had commanded to le brought together with the images of the Gods\ 
 and h.id moreoz'cr blafphemtd Chrijl ( which itsfaid none that are true Chri- 
 jiians can he compelled todo~)I dijmijs'd ; others mentioned in the Libel con^ 
 felf'ed themjelves Chnflians, but prefently denied it., that they had indeed been 
 JHch, but had renounced it ; fame by the fpace of three years, others many 
 yearsfince, and one five and twenty years ago. All which paid their reve- 
 rence and veneration to )Our Statue, and the images of the Gods, and hlaf- 
 phemcd ChrijL Tl:ey affirmed that the whole jum of that Seil or error 
 lay in this, that they were wont upon a fctfolemn d.iy to meet together he^ 
 ftre SuH-riJe, and to jing among themjelves a Hymn to Chrifl, as the God 
 ivhom they wvrjhipped, and oblige themjelves by an Oath , not to commit any 
 tvickednefs, but to abjlain jrom Ti^eft, Robbery, Adultery, to keep faith, 
 and when required, to rejlore any pledge intrujled with them. Which done, 
 then to depart for that time, and to meet again at a common meal, to partake of 
 apromijcuoiu andharmlejs food ; which yet they laid ajide, after / had pub" 
 lifhed an Ediil , forbidding , according to your order , the Hctcrix ( or 
 ui:!awful Afjemblies ) to be kept. To Jati^fie my jelf in tlr truth hereof, I 
 commanded two Alaidens called Deaconcllcs, to be examined upon the 
 ll'rack. But / percerved nothing but a lewd and immoderate Superjlitiojt, 
 and therefore furceajtng any farther procejs, I have fent to pray your ad- 
 vice : Fcr the cafe jeemcd tome very worthy to he confulted about ; efpeci- 
 ally conjtdering the great numbers that are in danger: for very many of all 
 ages and ranks, both men and women are, and wiH be called in quejlion : 
 the contagion cf this Superjlition having o^^er-fpread not only Cities, hut 
 Towns and Country nUagcr, which ^etjeems pojlihle to he jlopt and cur d. 
 It's very evident th.i: the Icmples, which were ahnoll quite joijaken , begin 
 
 to
 
 xxii The Introduction. 
 
 to he frequented^ that the holy Rites arid Solemnities of a long time tieg* 
 letled are jet on foot ag.iin, and that Sacrifices are jrom all parts hrought to 
 hefold^ which hitherto foiaidveryfeiv to buy them. Whence His eafie lo con- 
 jetlure^ what multitudes of perfons might he reclaimed, if place he given to 
 repentance. 
 
 This Letter was written, as is probable, about the year of our I ord 
 CVII. Traj. IX. Trajan lying then at Antioch, in order to his Wars in 
 tlie Eajtj and where tlie Perl^cution was very hot. By which 'tis evi- 
 dent, what unreafonable and inveterate prejudices even the more mo- 
 derate and ingenuous part of the Grwr/Zf-world had entertained againft 
 the Chriftian Religion ; that though fo innocent and unblamable, as to 
 extort an honourable Charader irom its greateft enemies, and mod ma- 
 licious Apoflates, though wracks and tortures could force out nothing 
 to its diladvantage j yet rather than not exprefs their relentments (^what 
 was unbecoming men of parts and breeding ) they loaded it with ill 
 names and hard words. Pliny we fee here fcruples not to ftyle it not 
 only an error^ but madnefs, and a wicked and immoderate Superftiticn, 
 charging the conflant profellion of it, for jiuhhomnefs^ and an incura- 
 ble ibjiinacy^ what in it felf was the effedl of the moft brave and gene- 
 rous refolution. And the very fame civility it found from his two inti- 
 mate friends, Tacitus and Suetonius^ the one whereof calls it a (a) deteji- 
 {a)Tacit.An- ahle^ the Other a(^) novel and mifchieiiom Superjlition. By this account 
 nal.i. i^.cAi,. rj\{o we fee, that though the feverity of the Perfecution might tempt 
 %Ts^ieton. in ^^"^^ ^o turn Renegades , yet that fo vafl was the fpread which Chrilli- 
 Neron.c. i6. anity had made in thofe parts, that this great man knew not how to deal 
 ?-57i- -with them. To direct him therefore in this affair, the Emperor retur- 
 
 ned this following Rejcript. 
 
 TRAJAN to FLINT, 
 
 Greeting. 
 
 As to the manner of your procedure , my Secundus, /« examining 
 the caufes of thofe ivho have he en brought before you for being Chri- 
 Jlians, you have taken the conrfe which you ought to take: for no certain 
 and general Law can he fo framed^ as jhall provide for all particular cafes. 
 Let them not be fought for ; but if they be accusd and convidedy let them 
 he punijhed : yet jo, that if any denies him felf to he a Chrijlian, andfhall 
 give evidence of it by doing facrifce to our gods , although heretofore he 
 has been Jufpecied , let him be pardoned upon his repentance. But as for 
 Libels, puhlifhed without the name of the Authors, let them not be valid as 
 to the Crimes they charge j for that were an ill precedent, and is not t}}€ ufage 
 of our Reign. 
 
 k) Apol. C.2. TertulUan (c) fpeaking of this Imperial Edicf , calls it " A fentence con- 
 c.^. " founded by aftrange necelTity: it allows them not to be fought for, 
 
 " as if they were innocent, and yet commands them to be punilhed, as 
 *' if they were guilty : itfparesand rages, didembles, and yet puniflies. 
 " Why does he intanglc himfelf in his own cenfure ? If he condemns 
 " them, why does he not hunt them out ? If he thinks them not to be 
 " ftarclf d our, why does he not acquit them ? Where Tertullian feems 
 
 to
 
 7 be I N T R o I) u G T I o N. x\i)i 
 
 to aiL^uc more like aji Orator than Logician. For Tmj un mght be un- 
 w»llin<; the Chriflians lhi)uld k- nicely luinted out, and ytt not think 
 them innocent : he could not lind them guilty of any enorniouh crime, 
 bur only of a flrange ami novel .Su})erl\ition : and therefore; \\ luk 
 they concealed thcmlelves, did not thuik it realonable that tliey 
 IhoiddUleft to the malice and rajiiiie of bufie under-O/Hcers, v^ho act- 
 ed under the I'refidcnts and Governors of I'rovmces, mecr ^vcopJi3nts> 
 and Calumniators, aVa/i«« o-v>(p(faiTrtf xj r (iM.oleJteoy *e?(pc»', as (a) Meltto {*) ^p- rMfcl. 
 flyles them in his Apology to M. JntoninuSy impudent acculers, and '^/^'-'■'f: 
 ra\cnous dcvourers of other mens eftates, ot whom he complains, that 
 under a pretence of the Impeiiil KdiJs they day and night openly fpoil 
 and plunder the harnilcfs and the Innocent. Thcfc 7>*/;^w might think 
 fit to reflrain ; but where tiiere was iiotojijty of Fa^f, where Chriflians 
 were duly cited bctore the public Tribunals, and tile charge fubllanti- 
 ally made good, there they were to be btt to the fentence of the law. 
 liut jiowevcr it was, by this means the edge of tlicir enemies Fury was 
 taken oti; and though the popular rage might in lome particular places 
 fliil continue, )ct the generaJ ti>rce and rigour of tjie I'erlecution did 
 abate and ccale. 
 
 XXII. 7 RaJ AN dy'vn^zt Seliuui'in Cilicijy Adrian ( wiiom he had 
 adopted ) fucceeded iti the Fmpire. A Prince of cxcdicnt parrs, and 
 no inconfideral-)lelearning,M.no(;fa'7a.T©. /3aaiAi;^^f,asy^).-///v»<rw.f caJis him, (\i) neipiof.!-i 
 a IVincc greatly devoted to the Mufes, and yet one inwliom 'tis hartl <^'6 ■/•s^'* 
 to fay wliether Vice or Virtue hail the upper liand; and which is 
 niorf,who (ecmcd to reconcile moll vices with their contixir) \ irtues.He 
 highly honoured tile Senate, w itliout u hofe Authority he would never 
 traniiidl any aHairs of moment ; and ujion foloinn da)s would condcfccnd 
 to wait ujHjn the Co»fu/s to their own houfes ; and yet was proud and 
 Vain-glorious, and ambitious of Honour, w Inch he greedily catcht ar up- 
 on every little occafion. He w as magnihcent in his w orks, and hbcraJ in 
 his gilts ; but withal envious, detracting from the glor}- of his I'rcde- 
 celliir, cenfuring and difcommending the mofl eminent Artills in all 
 kmdot faculties. He familiarly converfcd with liis friends, vifited them 
 in their ficknefs many times twice or thrice a day, treatal tliem with the 
 freedom andkindnefsof companions; and yet he was fierce and cruel ; 
 as is e\ident by tlK many perlbns of nobility and renown whom he 
 put to death. But we have noted enough of his character eJlcwhere, in 
 the hie of St. Qu.iJrjtus. He w as addicted to Magic , and a great Zealot 
 for Religion; ef|xcially tlie Rites of Greece: but dcfpifcd and hated all 
 other Keligu)ns, u}>on which account he was no good friend to Chri- 
 flians. Inhts rime, a FOU RTH PKR S F:cU T I O N was railed 
 againfl them, and fo StJpttius Severus (c) pofitiveJy calls it. I know Eu- {c) nS(nJ.2. 
 Jdiitf followed l>y Orp/i«; and fome others, aifign*. the /cm/-/;/.' Perfccurion /" '42- 
 to tJie Reign of >/. Awcijui ; but whoever imjxirtifllly confiJcrs the 
 ftate of things, wrti lire that it ought to Ix: fi.\oil here. 'Tis true, u c 
 do not find any new Laws which this F.mperoi- made ngainft tiie-Chri- 
 llians, but the I aws of his rredeccllbrs were llill in force, .uid the Peo- 
 ple in moll places wcrc ready enough to run upon this errand oi their 
 own accord, and to I'acrifice the poor innocent C hriO iaiis to their own 
 fpight and malice. NMicnce Eujebtus Ipeaking of die Apologies prcfcn- [i\.iu:n:efj.^ 
 ted to this Emjxrror, lays [ri\ it was btraufe wicked and ill mindtti men 
 began to vc\ and dillurb the C brill nns Aud i)-/j'^i\rw».c)moreparticu- ,, . '" 
 
 lailv
 
 xxiv The Introduction. 
 
 larly tells us, that the zeal which the Emperor Ihewed in being initiated 
 into the holy myftcries and the Rites of Greece, gave opportunity and 
 encouragement to the People ( though without any particular Warrant ) 
 Ma^n^OrM ^° ^^" ^'l'"" ^^'^^m ; and this hevelfc-where (j) calls amnjl grievous Perfecu- 
 t.frj.Tlm'z.tion. And fo indeed it Was, as is evident, not only from the Apolo- 
 \h) Tertui.itb. gies which botli Qu.iflratns and ArUiides prefented to the Emperor in be- 
 adScAfuic 4. ^^j^- ^^^j.j^^ Chriflians , but that when An ins (U) Antoninus ( whom mod 
 fuppofe to have been the fame with him that fucceeded Adrian ) was Pro' 
 cnnful of 4/m, and feverely profecuted the (liriftians there, all the Chri- 
 flians of the City where he refided as one man befet his Tribunal, openly 
 confelling themlclves to be Chriftians. He amazed at the multitude, 
 caufcd fome few of them to be executed , telling the reft , that if they; 
 had a mind to end their lives , they had Precipices and Halters 
 enough at home , and need not come thither for execution. Nay fo 
 high did itarife, that Serenius Gninianus , one of the following Procon- 
 fuls was forced to write to Adrian for its mitigation : wliich the Empe- 
 ror accordingly commanded by a Refer ipty direfted to Minutius I'unda- 
 nus , Gramanus his Succellbr in that Province ; as he did alfo to fcveral 
 others ; as Melito particularly tells us in his Apology. But though the 
 fire feemed to be pretty well quenched at prefertt, yet did it break out 
 again in the fucceeding Reign of Antoninus Pius, devouring many, whofe 
 Sufferings are recorded in the Martyrologies of the Church ; and for 
 the flopping whereof, Jufiin Martyr exhibited an Apology to this Em- 
 peror, which produced this excellent Letter of lib to the Common Coun- 
 cil o'i Afi a, in favour of the Chriftians, which we have exempUfied in 
 the Life of Juftin Martyr. 
 
 XXIII. TO Antoninus Pius fucceeded M. Aurelius Antoninus, and his 
 Brother L. Ferus. M. Aurelius was a perfon of whom the Writers of 
 his Life defervedly fpeak great things. He was a good man, and a great 
 (c)Eutrof.H. Philofopher, and whom the Hiftorian (c) fays, 'tis eafier to admire, than 
 f^git' ^ ^° commend. But he was infinitely fuperftitious in his Religion, and 
 therefore eafily blown up by the Priefts and Philofophers that were 
 about him into a prejudice againft Chriftianity, and perfuaded to fct on 
 ^^.^ foot the PITH PERSECUTION againft the Chriftians; 
 
 whom he endeavoured to curb and fupprefs by new Laws and Edifts, ex- 
 pofing them to all the malice and fiercenefs of their enemies. The Per- 
 fecution began in the Eaftern parts about the feventh year of his Reign, 
 where it continued almoft all his time ; and not content to ftay there, 
 fpread it felf into the Wejl, efpecially Irance, where it raged with great 
 feverity. That the conflitf was very iharp and fierce, may be guelled 
 at by the crowd of Apologies that were prefented to him by Jufiiu 
 Martyr, Melito, Athenagoras, and ApoUtnaris. In Afia St. Policarp Bifhop 
 of Smirna was firft condemned to the fire, and then run througii with a 
 Sword, with twelve more from Philadelphia, who fuffered with him, 
 and Germanicus who a little before was devoured by wild Beafts. At 
 Rome, befides Ptolomy and Lucius, Juftin the Martyr with his fix com- 
 panions, Charito, Charitina, Euelpijius , Hierax, Peon, and Valerianm 
 were beheaded. In the French Perfecution Suffered Vettius Epagathus, 
 a young man of incomparable Piety and Magnanimity ; Blandina a Lady 
 of fingular Virtue, who after infinite and inexpreliible torments was 
 tied to a beam in falhion of a Crofs, and thrown to wild Beafts ; Bthlu^ 
 who though at firft through frailty Ihe denied the Faitli, yet recovered 
 
 her
 
 The Introduction. xxv 
 
 her courage, and expired in the midfl of the acutcft tortures. PothinHi 
 liilliop of Lyons above XC. ) ears old beaten and Honed to death. Sjh- 
 tins a Deacon oil'/ni^ rogetlier with AUturwi^ expofcd in the Ah:pbi' 
 thciter^ tormented, and iniprifoned llveral da) s together, prelcnted to 
 wild Ikafts, placed in an iron chair red liot, and at lall run through with 
 a S|>car. .-ittjlus a Hom>w C iti/^en dilgracetully led up and down in 
 triumph, roaflcd inan ironcliair, and then beheaded; as was alio w/cv- 
 .inficr the Piiyfician, a /V.'/->^/jw,wh() readily protelled himlelt a ( hriflian ; 
 and PontiLus a youth of fiitecn years of Age, who through all the mc- 
 tluxJs of cruelty and torment, which might have Ihaken a mature age, 
 cntred into the Kingdom of heaven. A larger and more particular account 
 of all whole Manyrdoms is recorded in the Letter written by the 
 Churches of Lyons and / Vw in Lrjnu\ to thole of Aj\a and Llryvr^i^yct 
 extant in Eujebiiu. At length the Emperor fecms to have relaxed^ the I 'er- 
 fecution, inclined to it, as is thought, by the remarkable Victory uhich 
 he gained in Im German Wars, by the Prayers of the Chriflian I egion, 
 when the fortunes of the Hom.in Empire lay at Hake, and the C hriltians 
 fo fignally, fo immediately engaged Heaven in its refcue and deliverance, 
 by lupplying them with rain, and fightingagainllth.e enemy with light- 
 ning and tliunder. Whereujxjn the hmperor is laid to have written to 
 the Senate, acknowledging tliegreatnefs of the blelling, and command- 
 ing all jufl favour and indulgence to be Ihewed to the Chriftians. The 
 fubflanceof tlie ftory is univerfally owned by the Gentile writers, though 
 out ot fpiglit to theChriftians they eitlier alcribe it to the power of Ma- 
 gic, or the prevalency of the Emperors own Prayers. That there were 
 luch Letters written, is plain, in that Lertulltan {S) who lived but a little (4) ^w. c. 5. 
 after, cites them, and apjx-als to them ; though I contels little flrels can be ?■ ^- ^>^' /'*• 
 laid upon tlie Epiftle that is extant at this day. There is flill extant (/) a '^^,''^' '' ^' 
 taw of M. AnreliHs^ and his Brother Ferus^ permitting thofe who follow {b} Af.vipitn. 
 the Tnvilh Superftition to obtain honours, and crantine them nuards to ' 5 i^ ■^<""- 3- 
 
 111 V J • n 1 • I J 1 /''' 50- Tif. 2. 
 
 deicnd them from wrong and injury. By tins very learned men.^c under- f^; 'ncint.dsj- 
 ftand Chrifliaas, at lead equally with the Jews; tlrcle two being com- M'^'-/-3<--8. 
 monly confounded by the Writers of thofe rimes, and Supeijhnon the 'I't^lf'p-."^ 
 word by which they ufually denote Cliriftianit}. But ho\vever it was, Pent.dt jur.' 
 this Law Was made before that German Vi:tor\ , flL Aurclms not being '''•"«■'/ <■■ ^• 
 ingagcd in that War, till after the death of his Brother Vems. s'yned^j.rc.% 
 
 XXIV. THE (hriftian All'airs were tolerably quiet and i->eaceable /• 233- K''<- 
 during the Reigns of Cowrwrf'xj yEl. Pert/n.ix, and Ji<//.in^ till .s>:m/j "'""'; ''^'^^^^• 
 got into the Throne; a Prince witty and learned, pmdcnt and politic, f.'X^!" '^^ 
 hardy and valiant, but withal crafty and fubtil, treacherous and unfaith- 
 ful, bkxxly and palTionate, and as the Hiftorian (/) oblerves, of a nature (J)Sfj>n.tn m 
 truly anfwering to his name, fere Ferr/njw, lere Se^rriu. Under him •"•*>*"■<■• '♦• 
 bcg.in the S I X T H P E R S E C U T I O \ : lor though at firll he ^- '*'' 
 Ihewed himfelf favourable to the ChriHians, yet afteruards he changed 
 his mind, and gave ear to thofe who traduced them as an impiousand in- 
 famous generation; a People that defigned nothing but Trealon and 
 RclK-Uion againft the State. Whereupon he not only fufVered his Mini- 
 llers and Governors of Povinces to treat them with all imaginable cru- 
 elty ; but he himfelf gave out Edicts, forbidding any under the moft 
 terrible jxmalties to profcls either the Jenilh or Clrtjh.s» Religion ; 
 which were executed with that rigor and inhumanit), that the Chrifti- 
 ansof thofe days verily believed that the times of Antnhnjl did then 
 
 \^d} tui.c
 
 xxvi The Introduction. 
 
 take place. Martyrs of note whom this Pcrfccution fent to heaven, w ere 
 Viuor Biihop ot iv'o/wf, Leonidas Origens Father beheaded at yilexa/.dr/ay 
 Serenas, /Jerucl/des, Heron, another Screnus, and herais a C^Ueckumen, all 
 Origen^s -Scholars, Totamuena an illuflrious Virgin, and her Mother Mar- 
 celLi, after various torments, committed to the flames .- and Baphdes one 
 of the Officers that led them to Execution. I'dLatai and Ferpetua two 
 noble Ladies, at 7 nhiirbu in Mauritania, tlie one brought to bed but the 
 day before, the other at that time a Nurfe. Speratus and his compani- 
 ons beheaded at Carthage by the command of Saturnhms tlie 1 ru\,.JuL 
 Jrenmii Bilhop of Lyons, and many thoufands of his People Martyred 
 with him, whole names and fufterings though unknown to us, are ho- 
 nourably written in the Book of Life. 
 
 XXV. THE next that created any difturbance to the Chriftians, 
 was Maximinus, by birth a Ihracian ; a man of bafe and obfcure origi- 
 nals, of a mean and fordid education : he had been firfl a ohepherd, 
 then a Highway-man, and lafl of alia iouldier: he was of f.rength 
 and flature beyond the ordinary fize and ftandard ; and his manners 
 
 were as robufl and boillerous as his conllitution, 
 'o •■^ Ud.^iiZv©- ,^\Afiu\) T ctpx^\ and favoured wholly of the rudenefs of his Edu- 
 It^^l'c^'f, Twr^IZt^U cation. Never did a more cruel beaft ^a) s the 
 T ^Hctf ;i^ rrivu ifxifx ^AinKHOi, iU tu- Hiflorian {a) tread upon the Earth, relying alto- 
 ej-Kw'/©-rfao7WTO tiiUyeiv T^VT^ e^f<£^- pgther upon his llrength, and upon that account 
 T©- 'dl ii>-n\iiai -f i^w i'( tcotuIt^w reckoning himfelf almolt immortal. He leized 
 to'p,^ i'lKctn- fCm 3 h -n M-J©-> uan? j^ uvoti Whatever came in his way, plundring and 
 F;2!:|i4C7f^tfjr;^^:i"7- deltroylng without any diflerence without any 
 fu-niT©- ^ cif^ /SiCcuuuM. Herod, lib. 7. Proccfs 01 form of Law ; liis llrength w as the Law 
 inMaxim^P^25^3. ^ of Jufticc, and his wiU the meafure of his aci ions. 
 
 [4) apto.invit. xim.c.^.f. o. He fpared none, but efpecially killed all that knew 
 
 any thing of his mean defcent, that none might reproach him with the ob- 
 fcurity of his birth. Having flain his Mafler Alexander Mammaus, that 
 excellent and incomparable Prince, he ufurped the Government, and 
 managed it fuitable to his own Maxim, that the Empire could nut be 
 maintained but by cruelty. The SEVENTH PERSECUTION 
 was raifed by him. Indeed Sulpitius Severus admits not this into the 
 number, and therefore makes no more than nine Pagan Perfecutions, 
 (b) H.EccU.6. referving the te/fth for the times of J.itichrijL But Eujclius {b) exprefly 
 c. 38.^.228. affirms, that Maximimis fllrred up a Perfecution againil: tiie ChriiLans, 
 and that out of hatred to his Fredeceflbr, in whoie Family many Chri- 
 flians had found ftielter and Patronage, but that it was almol! \v holly 
 levelled againft the Bilhops and Minilters of Religion, as the prime au- 
 thors and propagators of Chriftianity. Whence Firmilian Biffiop of 
 ^) Inter Epiji. Cappadocia, in his Letters to St. Cyprian (c) fays of it, that it was not a ge- 
 yF-t- 4 • ncraljbut a local Periecution,that raged in fome particular places,and efpe- 
 cially in that Province where he hved, Seremanus the Prefident driving 
 the Chriflians out of all thofe Countries. He adds, that many dread- 
 ful Earthquakes happening in thofe parts, whereby Tow ns and Cities 
 were overturned and fwallowed up, added life and vigor to the Perfecu- 
 tion, it being ufual with the Gentiles, if a Famine or Peftilence, an Earth- 
 quake or Inundation happened, presently to fall foul upon the Chrifti- 
 (d) Horn. ans, and conclude them the caules of all thofe evils and milchiefs that 
 xxvtii. in came upon the world. And this Ongen (d) meant when he tells, that he 
 55 "p-^."' li"ew fome places overturned with Earthquakes, the caule whereof the 
 '.' -,. Hea-
 
 The Introduction. xxvii 
 
 Heathens caftujHjn tlic Clirillians; for whicli their Churches were pcr- 
 fccutcd ami burnt to the ground, and rliar not only tlic common ptojilc, 
 but the uiltr lort amoni^thcin did not Hick t)penl)' to aliirm, that the.'c 
 things came lor the lake ot the Cdirillians. Hereupon he urote his 
 Book De AUrtyno^ tor the comfort and fupport ot thole that fulicred in 
 this evil rime. 
 
 \\VI. .AFTER Max/m/Hus Reigned Pupiemis and B.ill'/nm ^ to 
 t!icm lucceeded Goi({t.in^ and to him 7 /'////>.• all which time tor at Icart 
 ten years togLther, the Church enjoyed a comjKtent calinnefs, and tran- 
 ijuilit) ; when Pccms w.is in a manner torced in his oun dctence to 
 take the Kinpire upon liim. A man of great ativity and relbfjtion, a 
 flout Commander, a wife and prudent Governor, fo univerlally ac- 
 ceptable tor his modcll and excellent carriage, that by the ."ientence 
 of the Senate he was voted notintcriour to 7/-.;;./w, and liad the Title of 
 Upr/nius adjudged to him. liut he was a bitter and implacable enemy 
 to Chrillians again(\ whom he raifed the EIGHTH PER, S ECU- - 
 
 TION, wjiich proved, though the Ihortell, the hottefl of allthePer- 
 fecutions that had hitherto allli^'led and opprelled the Church. The 
 Ecclefiallic .;^ Hiflorians generally put it upon the account ot Dfcju.< his (ilEufrbNEc. 
 hatred to his Prcdccellbr /'/';///>, tor being a Chrillian ; whereas it iscirOT^^^m! 
 more truly to be afcriled to his zeal tor the caufe ot declming Paganilm, cciJiOroj.i.j 
 which he faw tatally undermined by Chritlianity, and that therefore '^•.^'•/'^;^'°' 
 there was no uay to fupport the one, but by the ruinc of the other, c. 27 «. 377. 
 We have more than once taken notice of it in fomc of the following 
 Lives, and therefore lliall lay the lefs here. Dec/us Reigned fomcwhac 
 al)Ovc two) ears, during which time the florm was very black and vio- 
 lent, and no place but telt the dreadful etleils of it. They were every 
 where driven trom their houles, fpoiled in their ellates, tormented in 
 their bodies ; w hip"-, and prilons, fires and w ild Ikafis, fcalding pitcii and 
 melted wax, Iharp ftakes and burning pincers were bur tome oi the me- 
 thods of their treatment ; and when the old ones were run over, new 
 were daily invented and contrived. The laws of nature and humani- 
 ty were broken doun, tViend betrayed triend, and the nearcfl rela- 
 tive his own Father or Brother* Every one was ambitious to promote 
 the Im}x.Tial Edicts,and thought it meritorious to bring a Chriftian to the 
 iUke. ThisPerlecution fwept away at Alexandruy Ju//j»^ Chronott^ Ept- 
 nuchus, .•l/e.winr/c'r^ Anivion^ Zrm., Ffc/omVy j-immonjru, Aknurij^ Ilirlorr^ 
 and many others mentioned by Dionsfwi Bilhop of that Church ; at Cj/- 
 t^<i%f, MappJicus^ Baffus^ Fortumo^ Fju/i.'j^ Donatui^ Ahrtu/if^ &C. it 
 crown'd HjIjIm Billiop of .Anticch^ Alexjnder of J irufi/rn'^ A./vjw Bi- 
 lhop ot Ronr^ I'ldonj^ .-in-itnlij^ Farthnius^ AIjne///.imu, and thou- 
 lands more: Nicephorm affirming it to be calier to count tiic .Sands of f/)t,t. 5.0.29. 
 tliC Ihore, than to reckon up all the Martyrs that fullered this Pcrfe-f 3^9 
 cution. Not to fay an) thing of thofc incredible numbers of Confef- 
 for*: that were beaten, impnioned, tormented; nor of the tar greater 
 number of thnfe who betook themli:lves to a voluntary exile; chufing 
 rather to commit themfelves to the barrcnnefs of Rocks and Mountains, 
 and mercy of wild Beafls, than to thole that had put of]' all rcafon and 
 liumanity. .Among w hom w as /'.;.-// of 7/r/ju, a vouth of W. years .^ 
 
 ot age, who withdrew himlelf into the /7^y/)//JwDelarts, where finding a 
 large and convenient Cavern in a Rock ( which heretofore had teen a 
 
 (d i) pri-
 
 xxviii The Introduction. 
 
 private miiit-houfe in the time of Jutcny and Cleopatra) he took up his 
 abode and refidcnce, led a folitary and Anchoretic courfe ot life, and be- 
 came the Father of Htrmites^ and thofe who afterwards w ere defirous to 
 retire Irom the WorlJ, and to ref gn up themfelves to folitude, and a more 
 Uriel mortified life. Jnthis pious and devout retirement he continued 
 •-^ till he was tXlll. years of age, and in the laft period of his hfe was vi- 
 fited by Antoniits, who had fpcnt the greateif part cff XC. years in thofe 
 delait places, and who now performed the lait offices to him in com- 
 mitting his dead body to the eartJi. 
 
 XXVII. G ALLZ'S fucceeded Dechts as in his Government, fo in 
 his enmity to Chriftians, carrying on what the other had begun. But the 
 cloud foon blew over ; lor he being cut off, was fucceeded by Falerian^ 
 who cntred upon the Empire with an univerfal applaufe and expeftati- 
 on. In the beginning of his Reign, he was a great Patron of Chriflians, 
 whom he treated with all ofrices of kindnefs of humanity, entertaining 
 them in his own family ; fo that his Court feemed to be a little Church 
 for Piety, and a >San£luary for refuge to good men. But, alafs, this plea- 
 fant icene was quickly over; feduced by a cliief Magician of Egypt ^ who 
 perfuaded him that the only way topro'per his affairs, was to reltore the 
 Gentile Rites, and to fupprefs Chriftianity , fo hatciui to the godsj he 
 commenced aNINTH PERSECUTION, wherein he l^erfecu- 
 J^^^^^~^ ted the Chriflians with all imaginable fury in all parts of the Empire. 
 With what fiercenefs it rag'd in Egypt, is largely related by Dio/.y[ius of 
 Alewmclria, and we have in a great part noted in his Life. It's needlefs 
 f.i) Efift. ad {fays he {a) particularly to reckon up the Chnftians that fuffered in this 
 ^pmlfbTi Perfecution: only this you may obferve, that both Men and Women, 
 '^. 260. young and old, Soldiers and Country people, peribns of all ranks and 
 ages. \A ere lome of them fcourged and whipped, others beheaded, others 
 overcon-irig the violence of tiames, received the Crown of Martyrdom. 
 Cyprian elegantly and paliionately bewails the miferies and fufferings 
 w hich the Martyrs underwent, in his Letter to Nfwe/?^»,and the rell that 
 were condemned\o tlie Mines. Nor did he himfelf efcape, being beheaded 
 at. ^.rtlage, as A/ftus and Ouariu. had been before hum, and the three 
 hundred Martyrs De Maffa Candida^ who rather than do Sacrifice, 
 chearfuUy leapt into a mighty pit of burning Lime, kindled for that pur- 
 pofe, and w^ re immediately ftifled in the Imoak and flames. In Spam fuf- 
 fered FruuiU'jUi Biihop of Tarragor:, together with iiis two Peaccns, Au- 
 gurius and Enlcgius at Rome, jtijtMs tiie Biihop, and St. Laurence his 
 Deacon and Treafurer of that C hurch, at dcjarea, Prifcus, Malchns, and 
 AlcxjudiT, who alhair.ed to think that they lay idle and fecure, while fo 
 many others were contending tor the Crown, un;TnimoufIy went to the 
 Judge, ronfeiTed they were Ctiriftians, received their Sentence, aad un- 
 derwent their Martyrdom. But the L'lvine Providence, which fometimcs 
 in this World pleads the caufe of opprelled innocence, was refolved to pu- 
 niih the Emperor for his caufclcfs cruelty tow ards thofe, whofe intereft 
 with Heaven (while he continued favourable to them) hadfecured his 
 happinels : and therefore did not only fuffer the Northern Nations to 
 break in upon Inm, bur he himfelf was taken Prifoner by Sapor King of 
 Per/ia, who treated him Iclow the rate of the meanefl Sla\'e, ufed 
 him as his footflool to get on horle-back, and after feveral years Captivity 
 caufcd him to be flay'd alive, and rubb'd with Salt, and fo put a period t'o 
 
 C. II
 
 IIjc I n t k o d u c t I o N. xxix 
 
 his mifcrablc life. A fair warningto hisSon(7j///fwJ, ^^li growing wi- .^^^^ ^,, 
 fcr by the niifchitfs and mifcarriagcs of his Fatlicr, ftopt thr. I'crlccucion, oui/tcjur'i.V 
 and rdlorcd Peace and .Security to Chriftians. ^«9.riijr c#- 
 
 •K 'j^KioH 
 
 >|* lfN7(V oiili/iji. Conltjnt. M.Orjt.jil SS. Crctuiii, lJ|i. 2.\.\u^.6c6. 
 
 XWin. A long Peace and l^rofpenty (tor except a little diflurbancc 
 intlK: time oi' Aurclian, they met with no op^Hjfition through the reigns 
 oi G.tllitmu^ CLiuAius^ Tacitus^ 1-lori.inm^ frohuSyCarui, and NHntcriun) 
 had foinewliat corrupted the manners of Chrillians, and therefore God 
 was plealcd topermit a TKN'I'H P F.RSF.CUT ION to come uj^on 
 thcni lo purge and \sinnow tlie rubbilh and the cliafi : the L'lcer began 
 to putrific, and it was time to call for the Knife and the Cauflick. It began 
 under lUoc/rft.iM and his Colleague ALiximhn. Dioiltji.in was a Prince 
 ztVw'c and diligent, crafty and fiilitil, fierce in his nature, but whicli lie 
 knew how cunningly to Jille-mble. His /xal for the F.i^.m Religion en- 
 gaged him with alT|X)lTiblcearncflnefsto oppofe ChrilUanity, which he 
 carried on withahigh hand, it l)cingas the laft, fothe fierceft Perfecu- 
 tion, like the laft ertorts of a dying enemy, that fummons all his ftrengtii 
 to give the parting blow. P/oc/ef}.vi then refidingat l-!/com-(//.i puLlill.cd 
 his Fdiibs about tlie very folemnity of our -Saviours PalTion, command- 
 ing the Chriftian Churches to be pulled down, their Bibles to be burnt, 
 the better fort of them to be branded \\ithinfamy,ihe vulgar to be made 
 (laves ; as b)' fubfequent orders he commanded the Bilhops to be every 
 where imprifoned, and forced to Sacrifice. Butthefe were but a pncludi- 
 ttm to what followed afrer,other Proclamations being put forth,command- 
 ing tliofc that retufcd to offer Sacrifice to be expokd to all manner of 
 torments. Twcrc endlcfs to reckon up particular pcrfons that fuffcr- 
 ed m this e-vil time. F-ufehitn who lived under this very Pcrfccution, has 
 recorded a vaft number of them, witli the Ad>s of their Martyrdom ; 
 too many to account forintliis place. It may fufficc to note from him, 
 that they were Icourgcd to death, had their llclh torn off with pincers, 
 or raked off" \s ith pieces of broken pots, were caft to 1 ) ons and T) gcrs, 
 to wild Boars and Bears, provoked and enragal with fire to fet upon 
 them ; burnt, Ixhc-adcd, crucified, thrown into the Sea, torn in pieces by 
 the diftorted boughs of trers, or their legs miferably diftended in the 
 .St(x-ks, roaflcd at agentle fire, or by holes made on pur|xjfe had melted 
 lead poured into their bowels. But impollible it is to conceive, much 
 more to txprcfs the cruelties of that time: F-KJehius himlelf who faw them, 
 tells (j) us, flutthey were innumerable, and exceeded all relation. .All {j) ub.%x.ii. 
 which he affiires us they endured with the moft admirable and un- P S©?- 
 daunted patience ; they thronged to the Tribunals of their Judges, and 
 freely told them what they were ; delpifed the thrcatnings and biibarity 
 of their enemies, and received the fatal and decretory >.cnteru:e with a 
 fmilc; when jierlwadcxl to be render of their lives, and to compallion.itc 
 the cafe ot their Wives and ( hildren, tliey bore up agauift the temptati- 
 on with a manly and I'hilofophic mind, waAAor j 'Aj^fQUjcfi^et^ ^-:^»s 
 as he adds, yea rather with a foul truly pious and dcvotcxl unto Go^l; lo 
 that neither tears nor charms could take Iiold Ufxin them, at once giving 
 un.ieniaMc evidences both of their own courage and fortitude, and ot' 
 that Divine and unconceivable power of our Lord that went along with 
 
 them
 
 XXX The Introduction. 
 
 them. The acuteft. torments did not fliake the firmnefs and liability of 
 their minds, but they could with as much unconcernednefs lay down their 
 (rf) Co):tr.Ce!f. lives ( as 0;7ge>i (a') tells Celjiu ) as the bell Philofopher couKl put off his 
 /• 7- f- 3 57- coat. They valued their innocency above their eafe, or life it felt", and liif- 
 ficiently Ihewed they believed another flate, by an argument beyond 
 what any inllitution of Fhilofophy can aflbrd. " The great Philolophers 
 (h)Pra V E- " ^^ ^^'^ Gentries i as Eujebnn (J?) reafons in this matter } as much as they 
 t.w. 1. 1 . C.4! " talk of immortality, and the happuiels of the future flate, did yet ihevv 
 ?• ' 3- « that tliey look'd upon it only as a childifli and trifling report : whereas 
 
 " amongil us even boys and girls,and as to outward appearance,the mean- 
 ^ •, " eft and rudefl Perfons, bcmg ailiiled by the power and aid of our Blef- 
 ' \ *' fed Saviour, do by their actions, rather than their words, demonftrate 
 " the truth of this great Principle, the immortality of the Soul. Tea 
 years this Perfecution lafled in its ftrength and vigour, under Dioclefian in 
 the £jy/, and Maximian in the ( / ejt ; and they thought, it feems, they had 
 done their work, and accordingly to tell the world in fome ancient Infcri- 
 (c) AfGruter. ption,(c that they had Utterly defaced the name and fupcrflition of the 
 fagXCLxxx. chriliians,and had reftored and propagated the worlhip of the gods. But 
 5. ■ •v^ere miferably miftaken in the cafe ; and as if weary of the work, laid 
 down their purple,andretir'd to the folitudes of a private life. And though 
 Caler/uSy M.iximiamu, Joviiis Maxirriinus^ Maxentius^ and Licinius did 
 what they could to fet the Perfecution on foot again,yet all in vain ; both 
 they and it in a very few years expiring and dwindling into nothing. 
 
 XXIX. T H U S we have feen the hardihips and mileries,the torments 
 
 and fufferings which the Chriftians were expofed to for feveral ages, and 
 
 with how invincible a patience they went through with them. Let us now 
 
 a little review the argument, and fee what force and influence it had to 
 
 convince the World of the truth of their Religion,and bring in Converts 
 
 (J) Afokg. c. to the Faith. TertuHlan {d tells the Gentiles^ " That all their cruelty was 
 
 ult. f. 40. <.<■ J.Q j^Q purpofe, that it \\ as but a flronger invitation to bring over others 
 
 " to the party ; that the ofrner they mowed them down, the fafier they 
 
 *' fprang up again ; and that the blood of Chriflians was a feed that grew 
 
 " up into a more plentiful harvefl ; tiiat feveral among the Gentikfi had 
 
 " exhorted their auditors to patience under fuffering, but could never 
 
 " make lo many Profelytes with all their fine difcourfes, as the Chriflians 
 
 " did by their adions : that that very obllinacy which was fo much charg- 
 
 " ed upon them w as a tutor to inflruft others. For who when they beheld 
 
 " fuch things, could not but be powerfully moved to enquire what really 
 
 *' was within? who when he had once found it,would not embrace it?and 
 
 *' having once imbraced it, not be defirous to fuffer for it ; that fo he 
 
 " may obtain tlie full Grace of God, and the pardon of his fins afliired 
 
 (ejDeJuJil^. " by the lliedding of his blood. Latlantius (e) manages this argument 
 
 C.I 3./. 494. with incomparable eloquence and llrength of reafon: his difcourfe is 
 
 fomewhat long, but not unworthy the Readers confideration. " Since 
 
 " our number Q^ns /'<?) is always increafed from amongfl; the Votaries of 
 
 " the Heathen deities, and is never leflened, no not in the hotteft Perfe- 
 
 *' cution, who is fo blind and flupid,asnot to fee in what Party true Wif- 
 
 "dom docsrefide? But they, alas, are bhnded with rage and malice, and 
 
 " think all to be fools, who when 'tis in their power to efcape punilhment, 
 
 *' chufc rather to be tortured and to die ; when as they might perceive 
 
 " by this, that that can be no fuch folly, wherein fo manj thoufands 
 
 " throughout the whole world do fo unanimoufly confpire. Suppofe 
 
 that
 
 The Introduction. xxxi 
 
 ' women through the svcakncls of their Sex may mifcarry (and tlicy arc 
 ' plcafcd Ibmctiincsto flylc this Religion etfcmtnatc ^nd cld-nui c s S'(j.ir- 
 ^jlition) yet certainly incnareuifcr. It children and young men may 
 ' be ralh, yet at leall ihofe of a mature age and old men iia\ e a more lla- 
 
 * Uc judgement, if one City might play the fool, yet innumerable 
 ' others cannot be fuppofcd to U- guilty of the fame tolly. It' one 
 ' Province, or one Nation thould want care and pro\ idence, }et 
 'all the refl cannot lack underflanding to judge what is right, liut 
 ' now when the Divine Law is cntertainLtl trom the rifing ot the .Sun, 
 ' to the going down thereof, and e\ery Sex, .Age, Nation and ( ountry, 
 ' ler\cs God uith one heart and one loul; when there is every wlierc 
 ' the fame patience, and contempt of death, they ought to contidcr that 
 ' there is fomc reafon tor it, and that it is not without cauli.-, that it is 
 ' maintained e\ en unto death : that there is fomc fixed tourdation 
 ' when a Religion is not only not Ihattered by injuries and perfecutions, 
 ' but always incre-aled and rendred more firm and (lable. \Vlien the very 
 ' common jxrople fee men torn in pieces by various engines of torment, 
 ' and yet maintain a patience unconquerable in the midll d their tir'd 
 ' tormentors; they cannot but think what the truth is, tliat the conlent of 
 ' to many, and their pcrfeverancc unto de-ath, cannot be in vain; nor that 
 ' patience it felt', without the Divine allillancc, Ihould be able to over- 
 ' come fuch exquifitc tortures. High-way-men and |^H;rlonsot the mofl 
 ' robuft conflitutions are not able to bear luch pulling afunder ; they roar, 
 ' and groan, and fink under pain, bccaule not furnilhcd with a Divine 
 
 ' }>atitncc. But our very children ( to fay nothing ot our men j and our 
 ' tender women, do by filence conquer their tormentors; nor can the 
 ' flame-s extort one figh trom them. Let the Ror»a»i go now, and boafl 
 ' of their Aluttm and their ReguluSy one of which delivered up himfelf 
 
 * to be put to death by his enemies, Ix^caulb he was afbamed to live- a pri- 
 ' foner ; the other thruft his hand into the fire u hen he faw he could not 
 
 * cfcapc death. Behold, with us the weaker Sex, and the more delicate 
 
 * age fuffcrs the whole body to be torn and burnt ; not Ix^caufe they could 
 
 * not avoid it if they would, but voluntarily, becaufe they trufl in God. 
 This is true virtue, which Philofophers in vain only talk ot", when they 
 tell us, that nothing is fo fuitable to the gravity and conflancy of a wile 
 man, as not by any terrors to be driven trom his fentiments and opini- 
 ons ; but that it ii virtuous.and gre^t indeed, to be tortured and die, ra- 
 
 * ihe-r than Ixtray ones Faith,or U; wanting in his duty, or do anv thing 
 
 ' that's unjuft or difhoneft, though tor tear of de-ath, or the acuteft tor- tr.^ r 
 " mcnt, unlefs they thought their ow n Poet raved, w hen he laid, / 3. od. 3. f. 
 
 '54- 
 Jnftum (£j tCHjcem propofiti virurHy 
 
 NoH civtum ardor prava juhentium^ 
 
 Noit lultHi injiuntis tyrjnnt 
 
 MtHte qujtit JoliJj. 
 
 The Juft man that refolvcd flands, 
 Not T)rants tVowns, nor fierce command';, 
 Nor all the {peoples rage combin'd, 
 C^n (hake the tirmnels of his mind. 
 
 '* Than which nothing can be more truly faid, if meant of thofc, 
 " who rctule- no tortures, nor de-ath it lelt, that they may prclcrve fi- 
 delity
 
 xxxii Th Introduction. 
 
 " delity and juflice ; who regard not the command of Tyrants, nor the 
 " Swords of the Governors, that they may with a conllant mind pre- 
 " ferve real and folid hberty, wherein true Wifdom alone is to be main- 
 tained. Thus far that elegant Apologift. And certainly the truth of his 
 reafonings was abundantly verified by the experience of the World,Cliri- 
 flians getting ground, and conquering oppofition by nothing more, than 
 their patience and their conftancy, till they had fubdued the Empire it 
 felf to the acknowledgment of the truth. And when once the great Com- 
 JtciHtirie had entertained Chriftianity, it went along with wind and tide, 
 and bore down all before it. And furcly it might be no unpleafant furvey, 
 to confidcr what was the true ftate of Paganijni under the firft Chriflian 
 Emperors, and how and by what degrees that Religion, which for fo 
 many ages had governed the World, flunk away into obfcurity and fi- 
 lence. But this is a bufmefs without the bounds of my prefent iiiquiry to 
 fcarch into. 
 
 The end of the I n trod u cti on. 
 
 T II E
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. STEPHEN 
 
 TT H F 
 
 PROTOMARTYR. 
 
 d 
 
 
 
 
 The vietent eppoftion that Chriflianityat its fir fi appear jhcc nut with both 
 from Jews jnti Gcniilc*;. .S". Stephen'^ Kindred tmknowM. One of the 
 Seventy. V^e great Chanty <ftlx Primitive Believers. Drjfen/ien htweem 
 
 B the
 
 The Life ^/ St. S t e p h e n /^fo Vrotomartjr. 
 
 //;(? Hebrews vJ/.W Grecians. Hellenifls nho. Tie Ortgiml (f Deacons 
 in the Chrijiian church. JJ^e nature of their Office 7 he ni^mler mel qua- 
 lification of the Ferfons. StcphenV eminent accon>pUfhn:ents fur the pb.ce^ 
 The em')' and oppoftion of the jews againjt him. The Synagogue if the Li- 
 bertines, nhat. Of the Cyrenians, Alexandrians, &c. 7 heir difputii- 
 t ion with S.SteTphen , and the fuccejs of it. Falje M itneff'es fuhrned to 
 depofe againf} him. The feveral parts of their charge ccnfirlered. The 
 mighty veneration of the ]e\vsfor their Temple and the Akjaic In (lit u- 
 tions. Its deJlruciicTfi ly Titus; and their attempts to rebuild it under 
 IxAvinjrufI rated by a miracle. Stephen'^ Apoligy before the ianhcdrin. 
 The Jews rage againjl him. He is encouraged by a vifion. Stoning to 
 death ^ what kind of putiifhment ; the manner of it among //'^ Jews. ^. Ste- 
 phen' j' Martyrdom. His Charader and excellent Vertues. The time 
 and place of his fuffering. The place and mangier of his burial. His body 
 frft difcovered, when aid how. Thejiory of its tranflation to Conflan- 
 tinople. The miracles jaid to be done by his Iiel/i/ues.,and at his^iemorix. 
 Several reported by S. Augullin. What credit to be given to them. Mi- 
 racles how long, and why continued in the Church. The vain pretences of 
 the church of Rome. 
 
 t"^. HE Chriftian Religion being defigned by God for 
 ^J%J^' the retormation of Mankind, and the rooting out 
 ^^^ that Barbarifm and Idolatry wherewith the 
 World was fo ovcr-gr(n\n, could not but meet 
 with ofpoftion, all corrupt Interefls confpiring 
 to give it no \ery welcom entertainment. Vice 
 and Errour had too long ufurped the Throne, to 
 part with it by a tame and eafie refignation, but 
 would rather fummon all their Forces againft a 
 Doctrine, that openly proclaimed the fubverfion and ruineot their Em- 
 pire. WtncQthisSed was every tvherefpoken againfl^equaWy opipokd both 
 by Jew and Gentile. The Gentiles defpifed it for its latenefs and novelty, 
 as having no antiquity to recommend it, nor could they endure that 
 their Philofophy, which then every where ruled the Chair, fhould be 
 controlled by a plain fimple Doftrine , that pretended to no elabo- 
 rate Schemes, no infmuative (trains of Eloquence, no nice and fubtilc 
 arts of Reafoning, no abflrufe and fublime Speculations. The Jews 
 were vexed to fee their expe^'^ations of a mighty Prince who fhouJd 
 greatly exalt their State, and redeem it from that opprelfion and fiavery 
 under which it groaned, fruflrated by the coming of a y/f/zf^;/', who ap- 
 peared under all the circumftances of meannefs and difgrace; and wl;o 
 was fo far from refcuingthem from the power of the Roman Yoke, that 
 for their obflinacy and unbelief he threatned the final and irrevocable 
 ruine of their Country, and by the Dodrine he publidicd plainly told 
 them he intended to abolilli thofe ancient /yifaic Inflitutions, for which 
 they had fuch dear regards, and fo folemn a veneration. Accordingly 
 when became amongfl them,they entertained him with all the inflances 
 of cruelty and contempt, and whatever might expofe him tothefcorn 
 and odium of the People; they vilified and reproached his perfon, ^s 
 butthefon of a Carpenter, a Glutton and a Drunkard, a Traitor and an 
 ' Enemy untoCafir; they f!eighted his Do«^rineasthe talk only of a loidc 
 and illiterate perfon, traduced his Miracles as tricks of ImpoAure, and 
 
 the
 
 The Life oj St. S T t F H K N iIjc i^rotomartyr. 3 
 
 the etfc£ls of a black Confetlcracy with the infernal Powers. And 
 ulien all this would not do, tlicy violently laid hands upon him, aiiJ 
 took away his liie. .And now one uoukl ha\c thought their Ipite and 
 fury iliould have cooled and died : but malice and revenge are too 
 fierce and hot to ftop at the firfl attempt. On they rtfolve to go in thcfj 
 bloody methods, and to let the World fee th;it the Dilcij^lo and fol- 
 lowers mud expect no better then their Mailer, it was not many .Months 
 before they took occafion to refalh tlieir rage in St. Stephens Martyr- 
 dom : the Hiftory of whofe I .ile and Death we now come to rdatc, and 
 to make fomc brief Remarks u[X)n it. 
 
 il. THK tacred .Story gives us no particular account citlicrof tiic 
 Country or Kindred of this Holy man. 1 hat he was a "jew is unquc* 
 ftionable, liimfelf fulliciently owns the relation in his A|X)logy to the 
 People , but whether originally delcended ot tiie flock ot' Alraham^ or 
 of I'arents incorjxjrated and brought in by the gate of Profelytifm, 
 wlicther born at Jeruju/em^ or among the difpcried in the Gentile Pro- 
 vinces is imfxjilibk; to determine. Hiironius (grounding his conjecture ^l /inr. 
 upon an Kpirtlc oi Lucutt^ of which more aherwards ) makes iiim to^^^^^^"" 
 liave been one of Gankil/efs Difciples, and fellow- Pupil with bt./'j*/, 
 who proved aftcrv/ards lus mortal enemy : but 1 mufi: confels, I find not 
 in all that Lpifllc the leaft Ihadow ot probability to countenance that 
 conjecture. Antiquity * makes him, probabl)' enough, to have been one *Efifl>.n<eref. 
 of the LXX Difcipk:s, chofcn by our Lord as Co-adjutors to tlic Apo- ^^h%2^^je 
 flics in the .Mininry of the Gofpcl : and indeed his admirable knowlcgdc I'lt^ym tn 
 in the Chriftian Doclrine, his fingular ability to defend the caufe of ^'W i'P T«'w 3 
 Chrift's Melhalhip againft its moll acute oppolcrs, plainly argue him to 
 have been fomc confidcrabk; time trained up under our Saviours im- 
 mediate inflitutions. Certain it is, that he was a man of great zeal and 
 piety, endow ed with extraordinary mcafurcs of that divmc Spirit that 
 was lately Ihcd upon tlie Church, and incomparably furnilhed with mi- 
 raculous powers, which pccuharly quaUficd him lor a place of Ijonour 
 and ufefulnels m his Church , whereto he was advanced upon tlus oc- 
 ciTioa 
 
 III. THE Primitive Church among the many inflanccs of Religion 
 for wiiich it was famous and \enerable, N**asfbr none more remarkable 
 tlian their Charity, they lived and loved as Brethren, mreof one l-rart 
 jmi one fokt^ ari({ continued together ivith one accord. Love and Charity 
 Were the common foul that animated the whole body of Believers, and 
 conveyed lieat and \ ital fpirits to every parr. They prayed and vior- 
 ihijifK-d God in the fame place, and ted together at the fame table. None 
 could want, tor they had all m common. The rich fold tlK-ir ellates to 
 minifterto the nccellities of the jx)or, anddepofited the mony into one 
 common Treafury, the care whereof was committed to the Apoflles, to 
 fee dill nbution made as every ones cafe and exigency did require. But in 
 the cxaclefl harmony there will U' fome jars and difcord, heaven only i^ 
 free from quarrels, and theoccafions of ollence. The Church incrcating 
 every day by vaft numbers of Converts to the Faith, the Apoflles could 
 not exactly I'upcrintend the difpofurc ot the (hurches llock, and the 
 making provifion for every part, and were tlicrcfore probably forced 
 to take in the help of others, fometimes more and fomctimcs \i:i'iy toaflitl 
 in this affair. By which means a due equality and pro}x>itit)n uas not 
 obfervtd, butcither through favour and partiality, i>r tliL- ovcrfight ot 
 
 B X iholi:
 
 4 The Life ^/St. S t e p h e n the Vrotomartjr. 
 
 thole that managed the matter, fome had larger portions, others lefs re- 
 lief than their jull necellities called for. This begat fome prelent hears 
 and animofities in the firll: and purell: Church that ever was, the Greciayis 
 Ad. 6. 1. niurrmringag.vnji the Hebrews^ hecaufe their Widows were neglected in the 
 daily winijlration. 
 
 iV. WHO thefe Greci.ws or Helkn'ifls were, oppofed here to the 
 //f^riw, however a matter of fome difficulty and dilpute,it may not be 
 unufeful to enquire. The opinion that has mod generally obtamcd, is 
 that they were originally '^ews born and bred in Grecian or Heatlien 
 Joh. 7. 35. (.'ountrics, of the dijperjed among the Gentiles ( the 2/^ OToga -r^j' 'EmZc/v&V, 
 the world "EaaWs in the ftileofthe New Teftament,asairo in the Wri- 
 tings of the Fathers, being commonly ufed for the Gentile World ) who 
 accommodated themfelves to their manner of living, fpake tlic Greek 
 Language, but altogether mixed with Hehraijms and Jeivijh forms of 
 fpeech, (and this called Lingua Hellenijlica) and ufed no other Bible but 
 the Greek Tranflation of the Septuagint. A notion which Salmajnn has 
 Heiimift.oli.i, taken a great deal of pains to confute, by fliewing that never any People 
 2,5,4,5. /)-.«a- went under that notion and charafter, that the Jeivs in what parts of the 
 ^ScvSefilli World foever they were, were not a diftinft Nation from thofe that 
 imn- alios Be:^. lived in Faleftine ; that there never wasany fuch peculiar diftinft Hel- 
 (SCamer. m leniflic Dialed, nor any fuch ever mentioned by any ancient Writer; 
 that the Phrafe is very improper to exprefs fuch a mixt Language, yea 
 rather that 'EaaZw>/pi5 implies one that exprefleth himfelf in better Greek 
 than ordinary, as 'Attdm^t; denotes one that lludies to fpeak pure Attie 
 Greek. Probable therefore it is, that they were not of the /^f//rjiJ race, 
 but Greek or Gentile Profelytes, who had either themfelves, or in their 
 Anceftors deferted the Pagan Superftitions, and imbodied themfelves in- 
 to the Jewijh Church, taking upon them Circumcifion and the obferva- 
 tion of the Rites of the Mofaic Laws (which kind the ^ews call anj 
 pn]jn Projelytes of Juftice,^ and were now converted to Chriftianity. 
 That there were at this time great numbers of thefe Profelytes at Jeru- 
 falem^ is evident ; and ftrange it were, if when at other times they were 
 defirous to have the Gofpel preached to them, none of them fliould 
 have been brought over to the Faith. Even among the fez'en made 
 choice of to be Deacons ( mofl, if not all, of whom we may reafonably 
 conclude to have been taken out of thefe Grecians ) we find one cx- 
 prefly faid to have been a Frofelyte of Antioch^ as in all likelihood fome 
 if not all the other might be Vto{t\ytQSo^ J ernfalem. And thus where 
 ever we meet with the word 'ExxI/ja^i or Grecians in the Hiflory of 
 Ad. 9. 29. the Apoftolic Atcs ( as 'tis to be met with in two places more) we may, 
 "■ ^°' and in reafon are to underfland it. So that thefe Hellenifls ( who fpake 
 
 Greek^ and ufed the Tranflation of the LXX ) were Jews by Religion, 
 and Gentiles by defcent,- with xhc'ExxL/.a or Gentiles they had the 
 fame common Original, with the Jews the fame common Profelfion ; and 
 therefore are not here oppofed to Jews^ ( which all thofe might be Ai- 
 led, who embrace Judaifm and the Rites of Mtfes^ though tliey were 
 not born of y^-iiv/^ Anceflors ) but to the Hebrews, who were Jews both 
 by their Religion and their Nation. And this may give us Ibme pro- 
 bable account, why the Widows of tliefe Hellenijts had not fo much 
 care taken of them as thofe of the Hebrews^ the perfons with whom the 
 Apoflles in a great meafure intrufled the miniflration, being kinder to 
 tiiofe of their own Nation, their Neighbours, and it may be Kindred, 
 :...., ^ u than
 
 The Life of St. S r h i^ h k n the Vrotomnrffr. 5 
 
 than to thofc who only agreed with thtm in the protcHlon ot the (imo 
 Kcligiun,and who inilceti were not generally fo capable of contrihu- 
 ting to tiieChurciies .Stock as the native ymy, wliohad lands and Pollcf: 
 fions, which they loU .vulLufl .u the .IpnlUff fccr. 
 
 V. TH K Y^xcc and quiet ot the Church Uing by this means a little 
 rullled and dilconnxjled, the ApolHcs, who well underftood how much 
 Order and Unity conduced to the endsof Keligion, prcllntlv called the 
 Church together, and told them,rhat the difpoCing ot the Common Stock, 
 and the daily providing tor the ncceliitics of the Poor, however convc- 
 nient and nccellary, w as yet a matter of too much trouble and diftrac'lion 
 to confiQ with a faithful difcharge of theother parts and duties of their 
 OlHce, and that they did not judge it fir and reafonable to neglc;> the 
 one, that they might attend the other ; that therefore they Ihouldchulc 
 out among thcmlelves fomethat were duly qualified, and prcfentthem 
 tothem, tliar they might fet them apart jx^culiarly to fuperintend this 
 allair, that lb thcmlelves I eing treed trom thele incumbrances, might 
 the more freely and uninterrupted!)- devote thcmlelves to prayer and 
 preaching of the Gofpel. Not that the Apoflles thought the care of 
 the Poor an Othce too much below them, but that this might be difchar- 
 ged by other hands, and they, as they uere obliged, the better attend 
 upon things of higher importance, Minifleries more immediately icr- 
 \iceablcto the fouls of men. This was the firft original of Dcjcom in 
 ihe( hnltian( luirch, they were to/fnr 7J/'/d\t,thatis,to wait upon the 
 necelhtiesot the Poor, to make daily provifions for their public Fcafts, 
 to keep their Churches Treafurc, and to diflribute to every one accor- 
 ding to their need. And this admirably agrees to one ordinary notion 
 of tlie word i^iivj;i:Gl. in Foreign Writers, where 
 
 'tis ufed for that peculiar -Servant \s ho waited at V*'ff xp.J^^ i«k i'««r- oJ i^iduru 
 Feafts, whofe Ofhcc it was to dillribute the por- a*, W jj m/^/; ^k£»( ^v^^-', £>: 
 tions to every Gueft,either according to the com- innf £ii mnr. Ludan. chronofoi. feu de 
 mand of the 'Ap^HTeixA-v^., the Ur^enr of the '-'^^- ''^"^""- ^""- ''P- ^'^^ 
 Fcaft, or according to the rule of Equality, to give every one alike. 
 Uut though 'tis true this was a main part of the Dejcons Office, )et was 
 it not the whole. For had this been all , the Apoflles needed' not to 
 have been fo exa:l and curious in their choice of perfons, feeing men of 
 an ordinary rank, and of a very mean capacity might have fcrved the 
 turn, nor have ufed fuch folemn Rites of Conlccration to Ordain them 
 to it. No queftion theretore but their Jcrv/nz^ 
 
 'Jahlei implied alio their attendance at the Table ^^* 5 ^ •»■> ^«»j*<i< ofm< ^t-^ffi«<r 
 of the Lords Supper. For in thofc days their '!^-\f;;j^^f:^{^r^^it::) 
 ^^.ip,r or common Love-Fejjh, ( whereat both ^nr j,«a'«io», i^x' UKMnsi o«." v'^rMpij). 
 Rich and Poor fate down tocether ) were at the -^'^ •', ^^'^l,*"''**?^ i; i>''*»Mj« •< 
 
 /-_ , 1 I . . I T u n. Ji 1 J '"^t- Ignat. Epift. ad Trail. AiUJtnd. Uifcr. 
 
 lame time With the Holy Kuchariu, and both ad- ;.. 17. 
 miniflred every day, fo that their minillration 
 
 refpcded both tlic one and the other. And thus we find it was in the 
 pradiceof rheChurcIi : forfo y«///« /'/.;/-/;/- tells us it was in his time, -'';''•'•"/ ?"• 
 tint when the Prcfident of the .Mlembly had confecratcd the Kucharift, 
 tile Deacons diftributed tlie Bread and the Wine to all that were prcfent, 
 and alter carried them to thofe who were neceflarilv abfeiit from the 
 C^ongrcgation. Nor were they red rained to this one particular Ser- 
 vice, but were in fome cafes allou cd to Preach, Bapri/e, and Abfolvc 
 Penitents, cfj-K-'cially where they iiad the peculiar warrant and autho- 
 rity
 
 ^ The Life ^f St. S t e p h e n //;^ Vrotomartjr. 
 
 rity of the Billiop to bear them out : nor need we look far beyond the 
 prefent Story to rind St. Philips one of the Deacons here elected, both 
 preaching the Gofpcl, and baptizing Converts with great fuccefs. 
 
 VI. THAT this excellent Ortice might be duly managed, the Apo- 
 ftles directed and enjoined the Church to nominate luch perlons as were 
 fitted for it, pious and good men, men of known honcfly and integri- 
 ty, of approved and untainted reputations, furnilhed and endowed with 
 the extraordinary gifts of the Holy Ghoft, wife and prudent men, who 
 would difcreetly difcharge the truft committed to them. The number 
 of thefe perfons was limited tojeven^ probably for no other reafon 
 but becaufe the Apoftles thought thefe fufficient tor the bufinefs j unlefs 
 we will alfo fuppofe the whole body of Believers to have been dilpofed 
 into feven feveral Divifions, for the more orderly and convenient ma- 
 nagery of their common Feafts, and diftributions to the Poor, and that 
 to each of thefe a Deacon was appointed to fuperintend and direft them ; 
 
 •Vid.Barm. without further defigning any peculiar Myftery, which* fomc would 
 ad Am.i 1 2. faj,^ pjck out of it. However the Church thought good tor a long time 
 n. 7. rom. 2. ^^ conform to this Primitive Inftitution, infomuch that the Fathers of the 
 t Cone. Neo- -f Ueo-Cafarean Council ordained, that in no City, how great foever, 
 Cwfc.Twj'.K there fliould be more than feven Deacons ; a Canon which they found 
 Co/. 1484. upon this place: and * Sozomen tells us that in his time, though many 
 •H»/?.£cc/./«t.Qjj^gj. Churches kept to no certain number, yet that the Church of Rome 
 7-tt9r-7A' -^ compliance with this ApoJIolical example, admitted no more than fe- 
 ven Deacons in it. The People were infinitely pleafed with the order 
 and determination which the Apoftles had made in this matter, and ac- 
 cordingly made choice of feven, whom they prefented to the Apoftles, 
 who ( as the folemnity of the thing required ) firft made their addrefs 
 to Heaven by Prayer for the divine blefling upon the undertaking, and 
 then kid their hands upon them, an ancient fymbolic Rite of Inveltiture 
 and Confecration to any extraordinary Office. The itTue of all was, 
 that the Chriftian Religion got ground and profpered. Converts came 
 flocking over to the Faith, yea very many of the Priejls themfelves, 
 and of their Tribe and Family, of all others the moft zealous and per- 
 tinacious aflerters of the Mofaic Conftitutions, the bitterefl adverfaries 
 of the Chriftian Dodrine,thefubtleft defenders of their Religion, laid 
 afide their prejudices, and embraced the Gofpel. So uncontroulable is 
 the efficacy ot Divine truth, as very often to lead its greateft enemies 
 in triumph after it. 
 
 VII. THE firfl and chief of the perfons he elefted, ( who were 
 • HrfTf/XX, all chofen out of the LXX Difciples, as * Epithanim informs us, ) and 
 '■ ^''' whom the Ancients frequently ftile Arch-deacon , as having the nu, 
 X Hcmiixv. .jj^p j/^ct. ( as t Cbryfojiom fpeaks ) the Primacy and Precedence among 
 '"'■"'* thefe new-eledled Officers, was our St. Stephen., whom the Author of 
 •Epift.ad the Epiflle to * Hero under the name of /gnat/us^ as alfo the Inter pc^ 
 pp^Gr'.'Lit. ^^^0'' of that to the t Trallians makes in a more peculiar manner to have 
 f.37. been Deacon to St. James^ as Bifhop of Jerujalem. He is not only pla- 
 ^^i"tid^^^' ^^^ ^^^ ^" ^^^^ Catalogue, but particularly recommended under this 
 '' ' ' character, a man full of faith., and of the Holy Chojt ; he was exquifitly 
 
 skilled in all parts of the Chriftian Doftrine, and fitted with great elo- 
 quence and elocution to declare and publilh it ; enriched with many 
 miraculous gifts and powers, and a fpirit of courage and refolution to 
 encounter the moft potent oppofition. He preached and pleaded the 
 
 caufe
 
 The Life of St. ^' T E p H E N the Protomartjr. 7 
 
 rn.6. 
 
 caufe of Chriflianity u ith a firm and undaunted mind, and tliat notliing 
 might be wanting to render it effectual, lie contirmeii iiisdo'Inncl-v 
 manv publick and uiuiuenionable miracles, plain evidences and demon- 
 ftratioiibof the truth and divinit) ot' that Religion that he taught. Bur 
 Truth and Innocency, and a better Cauti:, istheufuaiobjedol- bad mens 
 Npight and Hatred. The zeal ami diligence ot his Minidrv, and the 
 extraordinary fuccefsthat didatteml it, quickly awakcnal the malice of 
 the Jeii'f^ and there wanted not tiiole that were ready to oppofe and 
 contradidt him. .So natural is it lor trrour to rife up againfl: the Truth, 
 ai Light and Uarknefs mutually refill and expel each other. 
 
 VIII. i'HKRK were at y<r,(/.//fw behdes the Temple, wlicre Sacri- 
 fices and the more folemn jiarts of their Religion were pertbrmed, vail 
 numbcrsot Synagogues for Prayer and txpoundingof the law, where- 
 of tlie /nwthcmlelvestellus there were not lels than ( (XCiXW in 
 tliat City. In thefe, or at lcal\ fome apartments adjoining to then^, 
 there were Sch.w/s or Colleges for the inllru:bion and ctlucation ot 
 .Scholars in their laws: many whereof were crefted at the charges of 
 tiic Jfiri who lived in Foreign C^ountries, and thence denominated after 
 their names; and hither they were wont to fend their Youth to be 
 trained up in the knowledge of the Law, and the myflerious Rites of 
 their Religion. Of thel'e,rne combined together to fend fome of their 
 Societies to encounter and oppofe .St. Stephen. An unequal match ! ai- 
 ipaiv aV/3r<r*'^>' nei"ra<TTA«? ( as Chnjbllom calls it) a whole Army of^'':''- "?. 
 wicked advcrfaries, the chief of five feveral Synagogues are brought \^2^6 "*' 
 out againil one, and him but a flripling too , as if they intcnde-d to op- 
 prefsliim rather with the number of alfailants, than to overcome him 
 
 by ftrength of Argument. 
 
 IX. T H K firft of them Mere thofc of the Synagogue of theLilertinei j 
 but who thefe Libertines were, Is varioufly conjeilurcd. Palling by 
 
 'Junius his conceit of Labra fignifying in the ALg\t)tun\j3X\^z^{:. the Jun. m Ix. (^ 
 whole Precinrt that was under one Synagogue, whence L^hrji am, or "'G«»-8 4- 
 corruptly ( fays he ) /J^f rz-zw/ mufl denote them that belonged to the i'y- 
 nagpgue of the Egypt ia»s; omitting this as altogether abfurd and fantaflical, 
 befides that the Synagogue of the Alc.wmdrians is mentioned afterwards ; 
 SuidiU tells us 'twas the name of a Nation, but in what part of the World SuiJ.mvK. 
 this People or Countrcy were, he lea\es us wholly in the dark. Mofl '^'^*?"'^- 
 probably therefore it relates to the Jews that were emancipated and 
 let at lilx:rty. For the underflanding whereof we mufl: know that 
 when Fompey had fubdued JufiiC.j^ and reduced it under the Roman Go- 
 vernment, he carried gre-at numbers of 7f'«'f captive to Home, as alio did 
 thofe Generals that luccceded him, and that in fuch multitudes, that 
 when the Jeui/h State fent an Embally to Augujlus, Jojephm tells us, that -^"'"imjud. 
 there were about eight thoufand of the Jews who then lived at HomeJ''''^''':^'^'' 
 that joined themfelvcs to the EmbalVadors at their arrival thither. Ficrc 
 they continued in the condition of Slaves, till by degrees they were ma- 
 numitted and fet at lilx:ity , which was generall}' done in the time of 
 T/Zfr/rty, who( as Fh/lo informs ) fuffered the Jews to inhabit the Tranjli- p'"-'- <ielr:.u. 
 lerin Region : mod whereof w ere Libertines, fuch who having been "^^-"/^ss. 
 made Captives by the F'ortune of War, had been fet free In th-jir Ma- 
 ilers, and ixirmitteJ to live after the manner of their .Anccflors. They 
 had their FrcfeMckis or Oratories, where they alTemblcd, and perfor- 
 med their devotions according totJie Religion of their C'ountry; cverv 
 
 )car
 
 -^ — .^ -- _ ■ ■ . - ■ , 
 
 8 The Life ^f St. S T E p H E N the Vrotomartjr. 
 
 year they fent a Contribution in flead of" firft-fruits to JerufaUm^ and 
 
 deputed certain perfons to orier facrifices lor them at the Temple. In* 
 
 * Zk. Aiiiui. f}g(.(j afterwards ( as we find in * luarus and -f Suetonius ) by an Order of 
 
 I'.^ss " ^' Senate he cauled tour thouland Ubertim generis^ of thofe Libertine Jews^ 
 
 tSiictminvit. fo many as were young and lufty, to be tranfported into Sardinia to 
 
 T;i'.c.36.s.3|4 ^j^^^. ^.|^^j {Hand of Robbers ( the occafion whereof is related by * Joje- 
 
 c.t.'p.tz'l ' Phils') and the reft, both Jfwj and Profelytes, to be banillied the City, 
 
 Tacitus adds, Ita/y it felf. This occafion, I doubt not, many of tliefe 
 
 Lilrrtine-Jews took to return home into their own Country, and at Je- 
 
 riifjlcn! to ereil this Synagogue for themfelves and the ufe of their 
 
 Countrymen w ho from Rume reforted thither,ftihng it I'rom themfelves, 
 
 the Synagogue of the Libertines ; and fuch quellionlefs St. Luke means, 
 
 when among the feveral Nations that were at Jerujalem at the day of 
 
 Fcntecofl, he mentions Strangers of Rome , and they both Jews and Pre-* 
 
 y Jelytes. 
 
 X. THE next Antagonifts were of the Synagogue of the Cyrenians^ 
 that is, Jen-s who inhabited Cy/rwc, a noted City or Lv/m, where (as ap- 
 
 Ap.^ofiph.Ati- pears from a Refer ipt of Augujtus ) great numbers of them did refide, 
 
 'cli"i'it\^ and w ho were annually wont to fend their holy Treafure or accuftomed 
 Offerings to Jerufa/em, where alfo i^ as we fee ) they had their peculiar Sy- 
 nagogue. Accordingly we find among the feveral Nations at Jeruja^ 
 
 Ad. 2. lo. /em, thofe ivho dwelt in the parts of Lybia about Cyrene, Thus wc read of 
 Simon of Cyrene, whom the yni'x compelled to bear our Saviours Crofsj 
 
 Ad. 1 3. 1. of Lucius (fCyrene^ a famous Dodor m the Church of Antioch ; of men 
 "•'9.20. ^y cjrene, who upon the perfecution that followed St. Stephens death, 
 were Jcattered abroad from Jeruja/cm, and preached as fir as Fhtrnice, Cy- 
 prus, and Antioch. The third were thofe of the ^yw^^r^g^e of the Alexan' 
 drians, there being a mighty intercourfe between the Jews at Jerufalem 
 and Alexandria, where what vaft multitudes of them dwelt, and what 
 
 ■/ . great privileges they enjoyed, is too well known to need infifling on. 
 ■ The fourth were xhcmof Cilicia, a known Province of the lefler ^/j, 
 the Metropolis whereof was 7'ijr/zif,well ftored with Jews;\t was S.PauFs 
 birth-place, whom we cannot doubt to have born a principal part among 
 thefe aflailants, finding him afterwards fo a£tive and bufie in St.Stephens 
 death. The laft were thofe of the Synagogue of Afia : where by Ajia we 
 ■ "■ ■ are probably to underftand no more than part of Afia properly fo called, 
 
 ( as that was but part of Ajia minor^viz. that part that lay near to Ephefus, 
 in which fenle 'tis plain Ajia is to be taken in the NewTeftament. And 
 what infinite numbers of Jews were in thefe parts, and efpecially at 
 ■Ephefus, tlie Hiftory of the Apoftles Ads does fufKciently inform us. 
 
 XI. THESE were the feveral parties that were to take the Field,per- 
 fons of very different Countries, men skilled in the fubtleties of their 
 Religion, who all at once roje up to difpute with Stephen. What the par- 
 ticular JiibjeiSt of the difputation was, we find not, but may with St.Chry^ 
 /o//r'w conceive them to have accofted him after this manner. "Tell us, 
 
 Ucfupracitat.'''- Younr; man, what comes into thy mind thus raihly to reproach the 
 " Deity ? Why doft thou lludy with fuch cunningly-contrived dif- 
 • • " courfesto inveigle and perfuadc the People? and with deceitful mi- 
 " racles to undo the Nation > Here lies the crifis of the Gontroverfic. 
 " Is it like that he ihould be God, who was born of Mary, that the ma- 
 " kerof the World fhould be the/w/ of a Carpenter? was not Bethlehem 
 " the place of his Nativity, and Nazareth of his Education ? canfl thou 
 :. ^ imagine
 
 The Life of S. Stephen the Vrotomartjr. 
 
 " imagine liiin to be (Jod, that was born upon Karih.- who was lo podr 
 '^ that he was wrai)r iipin ^\\adlillgcloathsandthlo'v^n intoa Mnni^er .' 
 " who was forced to ll)e honi the rage oty/mW, and towalhawa) liis 
 " l\)lluiiunby being liaptized in 'joichn'i who was lubject to luiiign 
 " aiidthirlt, to lleepand wearinefs^ wlio Ix-ing bound, was not able to 
 " elirape, nor Uing bulletcd, lorelcueor revenge himleU .-• who when 
 " he was hang'd could not come doun from the (rols, but underwent 
 "a airled and ihamehil death? wilt thou make us behevcthat lie is in 
 " Heaven, whom we know to have Ikch buried in his Grave .•' tliat he 
 " lliould be tlie Lite of tlie Dead, w ho is fo near akin to Mortahty him- 
 " lell ? Is it likely that God Ihould fuller luch tlungs as tliele? 'AoukI 
 " lie not rather with an angry breath have i\ruck his adverfaries dead at 
 " the lirll approach, and let them beyond the rcacliof making attempts 
 ** upon his own perfon ? either ceafetherctbre to delude the People with 
 " thefe impollures, or prepare thy felf to undergo the fame fate. 
 
 XII. I N anfwer to which we may imagine i>. Stephen thus to have re- 
 plied upon them. • " And why, Sirs, Ihould thefe things feem foincrcdi- 
 *' bic .' have you not by you the Writings of the I'rophets >. do you 
 *' not read the Books of Alojts^ and proteis your felves to be his Dilci- 
 *' pies? did not Alcjes fay, aFropiet jkJJ the Lord your God rajje up unto 
 ** you of your brethren^ like utitotnc^ htm fhallyehcari Have not the Pro- 
 *' phcts long fincc foretold that lie Ihciild be lorn at Bethlehem, and 
 *' conceived m tlie womb of a Virgin ? that he lliould llyc into /r^vz'/',that 
 " he iho\x\(Mejr our griefs and carry our forrows'i that tlicy lliould /'/frcf 
 " his hands and his feet ^inA hang him on a tree.- that he Ihould be buri- 
 " ed, rife again, and afccnd up to Heaven with a Ihout .- tithcr now 
 " (hew me lome other in whom all thefe Prophecies were accomplilhed, 
 *' or learn with me to adore as God our crucitied Saviour. Blind and 
 " ignorant that you are of the prediftions of Ahjes, you thought )ou 
 " crucified a me^T man, but lud you known him, you would not have 
 " crucified the Lord of Glory : you denied the Holy one, and the Juft, 
 ** and defired a Murderer to be granted to you, but put to death the Prince 
 « of Lile. 
 
 XIII. THIS is the fum of what that ingenious and eloquent Fa- 
 ther conceives S. Stephen did, or might have returned to their enquiries. 
 Which whatever it was, was delivered with that life and zeal, that evi- 
 dence and flrength of reafon, that freedom and majefly of elocution, 
 that his Antagonifls had not one word to fay ngainrt it ; they uere not 
 ahle to reliji the w/Jdom and the fvirit by which he J pake. So particularly did 
 
 our Lord make good what he had promifed to his Difciples, Settle it m jj^i^, n. 14. 
 your hearts, nor to n.editate before what you jhall anjn-er, Jor I mil grve you '5- 
 a mouth and nifdom, nhichall your adverfaries jhail not he able to gain-Jay 
 ner reftji. Hereupon the men prefcntly began to retre-at, and departed 
 the Lifls, equally divided between Ihame and grief. Alhamed the) were 
 to be fo o|xnly balTled by one fingle adverlary ; vexed and troubled 
 that they had not carried the day, and that the Religion which they 
 oppc^td had hereby received fuch fingle credit and conhrmarion. And csJ.Bf^j- a/v 
 now being no longer able aViDf -^oAu.^V ■n aA«6cia, ( as the addition in t? zcM. h 
 fomc very ancient Manufcript Copies do elegantly ex4>refs it ) with "7 • 
 open face fo re/iji the truth^ tliey betake thcmfelves to clancular Arts, to 
 (lye and fmillcr Defigns, hoping to accomplilh by craft and fubtilty w hat 
 they could not carry by fairncfs and force of reafon. 
 
 C XIV. TO
 
 I o The Lz/<? ^/ 5. S T E p H E N the Vrotomartyr. 
 
 XIV. TO this puipofe they tamper with men of delauched profli- 
 gate confcicnces, to undermine him by falle accuTations, that fo he 
 might tall as a Sacrifice to their fpight and malice, and that Ly the hand 
 
 uhi fupra^-pitg. q[ public Juftice. S. CbryfolUm brings them in with fmooth and plau- 
 ^^^" fiblc infinuations encouraging the men to this mifchievous attempt. 
 
 " Come on, worthy and honourable Friends, lend your aflidanceto our 
 " declining caufe, and let your Tongues minifler to our Counlisls and 
 ** Contrivances. Behold a new Patron and Advocate of the G A LI- 
 " L JE A N is darted up : one that Worlliips a God that was buried, 
 " and Preaches a Creator iliut up in a Tomb ; who thinks that he whom 
 " the Souldiers defpifed and mocked upon Earth, is now converfing 
 " with the Hoft of Angels in Heaven, and promifes that he fliall come 
 " to judge the World, who was not able to. vindicate and right himfelf .• 
 " His Difciples denied him, as if they thought him an Impollor,and yet 
 " this man affirms,that every tongue iliall confefs and do homage to him: 
 " himfelf was not able to come down from the Crofs. and yet he talks of 
 " his fecond coming from Heaven ; the vileft mifcreants reproached him : 
 " at his death, that he could not fave either himfelf or them, and yet 
 " this man peremptorily proclaims him to be the Saviour of the World. 
 " Did you ever behold fuch boldnefs and impudence? or have you ever 
 " heard words of fo much madnefs and Blafphemy > Do you therefore 
 " undertake the caufe, and find out fome fpecious colour and pretence, 
 " and thereby purchafe to your felves glory and renown from the pre- 
 " fent Generation. 
 
 XV. THE Wretches were eafily perfuaded to the undertaking, and 
 to fwear whatfoever their Tutors ihould direft them. And now the caufe 
 is ripe for adiion, the cafe is divulged, the Eliiers and Scribes are dealt 
 with, ( and a little Rhetoric would fervetoperfwadethem) the People 
 pollelled with the horror of the Fa£f , the Sanhedrim is funvnoned, the 
 Malefador haled to the Bar, the Witnefles produced, and the charge gi- 
 ven in. They fuborned men which fajd^xve have heard him fpeak blajpemoiis 
 words againft Mofes andagainji God; the falfe ivitnejfes faia, this man ceaf- 
 eth not to fpeak blafphemous words againfl this holy place and the Law: for 
 we have heard him Jay, that this Jeji/s of Nazareth Jhaf/defiroy this place^attd 
 Jha/l change the Cufloms which Mojes delivered US: that is, (that we may 
 flill proceed with that excellent man in opening the feveral parts of the 
 charge) " he has dared to fpeak againft our wile and great Law-giver, 
 " and blafphemed that Mojes^ for whom our whole Nation has fo juft 
 " a veneration ; that Mofes, who had the whole Creation at his beck, 
 " who freed our Anceftors from the houfe of Bondage, and with his rod 
 " turned the Waters into Walls, and by his Prayer drowned the Egyp- 
 " an Army in the bottom of the Sea ; who kindled a fiery Pillar for a light 
 " by night, and without plowing or fowing fed them with Manna and 
 " Bread from Heaven, and with his Rod pierced the Rock and gave them 
 " drink. But what do we fpeak of Mofes, when he has whetted his 
 " tongue, and ftretched it out againft God himfelf, and fet up one that is 
 " dead as an Anti-god to the great Creator of the World ? He has not 
 " bluflied to reproach the Temple, that holy place, where the divine 
 " Oracles are read, and the Writings of the Prophets fet forth, the Re- 
 " pofitory of the Shew-bread and the Heavenly Manna, of the Ark of 
 " Covenant, and the Rod of Aaron ; where the hoary and venerable 
 " heads of the High-Priefts, the dignity of he Elders, and the honour 
 
 " of
 
 'I he Life of S. i> t e p h e n the Vrotomartjr. i 
 
 *' of the Scribes is fcen : this is the place wliich he has reviled and let 
 " at n:ui^;ht ; and not this only, but the l.au it lelf; which he boldly 
 *' declares to be but a lliadovv, and the ancient Kites Lut Iji^esandhi- 
 "■ {;uies; heallirins the CiJtU\i» to be greater than Alojes^ and the >.oii 
 '' oi Man to be llranger than our 1 aw-givxr ; he has not honoured the dig- 
 '' nity ot the hlders, nor had any ic\ ercnce to the .Society ot the iicribes. 
 " 1 le threatens us with a dead MalUr; the young man dreams lure, 
 *' when he talks ot Jcjin vj N.iz.i/rrl' rifing again, and deUro)ing this 
 " ill 'K place: he little coniiders with how much wifdom it was con- 
 " tri\ed, with what infinite charges it was erected, and how long bc- 
 " torcit was brought to its jx.'rl(,M ion. And yet forfooth, this Jcjui of 
 *' N./cjrtrr/' mull dejlroy tt^ and change the cujtonis which Altja delivered 
 " to Hs: our mod holy Sulhth muft be turned out of deors, Circum- 
 *' cifion abolilhed, the Nen--Alcons rejected, and the Ftaft ot laberna- 
 " cles laid afidc ; our Sacrifices muft no longer be accepted with God, 
 " our fprinklings and folemn Purgations mull be done away : as if we 
 " knew not this Nazarens end, and as if one that is dead could revenge 
 *' himfelf upon them that are li\ing. How many of the ancient Pro- 
 *' phetsand hoi) men have been cruelly murdered, whole death none 
 " ever yet undertook to revenge .- and yet this man mull needs appear 
 " in the caufe ot' this crucified Nazarens^ and tell us of a dead man tliat 
 " ihall judge us: Silly Impollor! to fright us with a Judge who is hini- 
 " felt imprifoncd in his ou n Grave. 
 
 XV'I. This then is the fum of the charge, that he lliould threaten the 
 ruin ot the Temple, and the abolition of the Alojaic Rites, and blalphe- 
 moudy adirm that J ejus of N.izjreth Ihould take away that Religion 
 which had been edablilhed by Ahjes^ and by God himlelt! indeed the 
 y^jij liad an unmcafurable reverence and veneration tor the Alojaiac In- 
 flitutions, and could not with any patience endure to hear of their being 
 laid afide, bur accounted it a kind of blafphemy lb much as to mention 
 their diilolution. Little thinking in how ihort a time thefe things 
 which they now fo highly valued Ihould be taken away, and their Tem- 
 ple it felf laid level with the ground. Which a few years alter came 
 to pafs by the Homjn Army under the Conduftof Tttiu reJpuJiM the 
 Roman General, w hen the C ity w as facked, and the Temple burnt 
 to the Ground. And fo final and irrevocable was the Sentence by 
 which it was doomed to ruin, that it could never attcrw ards t>c re- 
 paired, Heaven it felt" immediately declaring againft it. Inlomuch tliat 
 uiien Julian the F.m[x;ror, out of fpite and oppofition to the Cliriiti- 
 ans, was refolved to give all poilible encouragement to the Jews, and 
 not only ix-rmitted but commanded them to rebuild tlie Temple , fur- 
 nilhing them u ith all charges and materials nccellary for the Work, 
 1^ lioping that hereb)' he Ihould pro\e our Saviour a talle Prophet ) no 
 looncr had they begun to clear theRubbilh, and lay the Foundation,but 
 a terrible Earthquake lliattered the Foundation, killed the Undertakers, 
 and Ihaked do^n all the Buildings that were round about it. And 
 when they again attempted it the next day, great balls ot' firefuddenly 
 breaking out from under the Foundations confumed the Workmen and 
 tliole that were near it, and forced them to give over the Attempt. A 
 ftran|ie inrtance of the difpleafure of Heaven tow ards a place which • SicrM.HEc. 
 God had fatally devoted to deftruilion. .And this related not only '5f-2o/.i95. 
 by Chriaian * Writers, but as to the fubftancc of it, by tlic Heathen ^IT'"^,^' 
 
 C 1 Hillo-
 
 1 2 Jl)c Life <y/ 5. S T E p H E N tbe Vrotomartyr. 
 
 * A. Mtrcel. I. * Hiftomn himfelf. And the fame Curfe has ever fmce purfusd and fol- 
 
 2^. noil /«"^f lowed them, they liaving been dcftitiite of Temple and Sacrifice tor 
 
 "^ '"'^' fixteen hundred years together. " Were that bloody Sanhedrim now 
 
 ^ Grcg.KylTcf,. " in being, and here prefcnt, (fays one of the f Ancients Ipeakmg of this 
 
 Orat.^tnSnfh. cc accufation ^ I would ask them about thofe things for which they were 
 
 iww.2./.79i- « j^gj.g ^^ nmch concerned, what is now become of your once famous 
 
 " and renowned Temple ? where are thofe vafl; ilones, and incredible 
 
 " Piles of building? Where is that Gold that once equalled all the other 
 
 " materials of the Temple ? what are become of your legal .Sacrifices ? 
 
 " your Rams and Calves, your Lambs and Heifers, Pigeons, Turtles, 
 
 • *' and Scape-gotes ? if they therefore condemned Stephen to die, that 
 
 " none of thele miferies might befall them, let them ihew which of them 
 
 " they avoided by putting him to death ; but if they efcaped none of 
 
 " them, why then did they imbrue their hands in his innocent blood ? 
 
 XVII. THE Court being thus fet, and the Charge brought in and 
 opened, that nothing might be wanting to carry on their mock Scene of 
 Juftice, they give him liberty to defend himfelf. In order whereunto 
 while the Judges of the Sanhedrim earneftly looked upon him,they difco- 
 vcred the appearances of an extraordinary Splendor and brightnefs upon 
 his face, the innocency of his caufe and the clearnefs of his confcience 
 manifefting themfelves in the-brightnels and chearfulnefs of his counte- 
 nance. The High-prieft having asked him whether guilty or not, he 
 in a large difcourfe pleaded his own caufe to this effed:: " That M'hat 
 " apprehenfions foever they might have of the flatelinefs of the magni- 
 " ficence of their Temple, of the glory and grandeur of its fervices and 
 *' miniflrations,of thofe venerable cuftoms and ufages that were amongft 
 " them, as if they looked upon them as indifpenfibly neceflary, and that 
 *' 'twas blafphemy to think, God might be acceptably ferved without 
 " them ; yet that if they looked back to the firft originals of their Na- 
 *' tion, they would find, that God chofe Abraham to be the Father and 
 *' Founder of it , not when he lived in a Jerufalem , and worlhipped God 
 *' with the pompous fervices of a Temple, but when he dwelt among the 
 ^ ;. "Idolatrous Nations.- that then it was that God called him from the 
 
 " Impieties of his Fathers Houfe, and admitted him to a familiar acquain- 
 " tance and intercourfe with himfelf; wherein he continued for many 
 " years without any of thofe external and vifible Rites which they laid 
 " fo much If refs upon ; and that when at lafl: God entred into Cove- 
 " nant with him, to give his Pofterity the Land of Canaan^ and that in 
 *' his Seed all the Nations of the World jhould he Blejfed^ he bound it upon 
 " him witli no other ceremony, but only that of Circumcifion, as the 
 *' the Badge and Seal of that fcederal compad that was between thera .- 
 " that without any other fixed Rite but this, the fucceeding Patriarchs 
 " worlhipped God for feveral ages, till the times of Alofes, a wife, learn- 
 " ed, and prudent perfon, to whom God particularly revealed himfelf, 
 *' and appointed him Ruler over his People, to conduit them out of the 
 *' Houfe of Bondage, a great and famous Prophet, and who was conti- 
 " tinually inculcating this Leflbn to their Anceftors, J Prophet (hall the 
 " Lord your God rarje up unto you of your Brethren like unto rr.e^ him fhall 
 '■'■ye hear; that is, that God in the latter days would fend amongft them 
 " a mighty Prophet who fhould do as Mojes had done, introduce new 
 " Rites, and fet up more excellent Inftitutions and ways of Worfliip, to 
 ** whom they Ihould yield all diligent attention, and ready obedience : 
 
 " that
 
 Tbr Life of S. ^' t e imi e n tb(^ Frotomartjr. i -3 
 
 " that when their forcfat'icrs had frequently lapfed into Idolatry, God 
 *' commanded M'Jc:\ to let up a 7.iler».icl(', as a place of public and lo- 
 " lemn VVorlhip, wlierc he would manitcA lumfelf, and receive the ad- 
 " drclles and adorations of his People ^ uhicli }et however was but a 
 " tranfient and temjx)rar} mmillration, and though ereded b) the iin- 
 " mediate onler of (Jod hinilelf, was yet after fome years to give place 
 " to a flanding Temple defigned by iKiv/^y but bulk by So/omvtt; llate- 
 " 1) inJced and Majeflic, but not abfolutely necellary, feeing that inli- 
 " nite lieing that made the World, who h.ut the I/cncn jvr I:/i JI:iu>u\M.d 
 " the F.Mth for his tootjhol ^coxAd not Ix.- conhned within a material I em- 
 " pie, nor tied to any particular way of worlhip ; and that therefore there 
 " could be no fuch abfolute and iiidilpcnfable necclllty for thofe Alojai- 
 " fj/ Rites and Ceremonies, as they pretended; efpecially when Cjod 
 " was rcfolvcd to introduce a new and better Scene and flate of things. 
 " liut it was the humour of this loofe and unruly , this refractory and 
 *• undifciphnable generation, (as it ever had been of their Ancellors) 
 " to rrlij} the 1 lvl\ Ghujt^ and oppofe him in all thofe methods, whereby 
 " he fought to reform and reclaim them ; that there were few of the 
 " Prophets whom their fore-iathers had not iK-rfecuted, and flain tiicm 
 " that had foretold tlie y)/e'//r./'s coming, the jujLinri the holy J ejus, as xhcy 
 " and their unhappy Pollerity had actually betrayed and murdered lum, 
 " without any due reverence and regard to that L^w, which had been 
 " folemnly delivered to them by the miniflry of Angeb, and which he 
 " came to t'ulrtl and perfect. 
 
 XVIII. T H t. holy man was going on in the Application, wlien the 
 patience of liis Auditors, which had hitherto holden out, at this began 
 to fail ; that fire which gently warms at a diflance, fcorchcs when it 
 comes too near ; their confciences being fenfibly Aung by the too near 
 approach of the truths he delivered, they began to hime and fret, and 
 exprefs all the figns of rage and fury. But he rcgardlefs of what was 
 done below, had his eyes and thoughts directed to a higher and a nobler 
 objevl, and looking uji f.uv the heazms opener/, and fome bright and fen- 
 fible appearances ot the Divine IMajefty, and the holy Jejus cloathed in the 
 robes of our glorified nature, not fitting ( in which fence he is ufually de- 
 fcribed in Scripture ^ but ji.wrl/ng { as ready to protect and help, to 
 crown and reward his fulTering Servant ) at the right hand oj (jcJ. So 
 cafily can Heaven delight and entertain us in the want of all earthly 
 comforts; and divine confolations are then nearefttous, when humane 
 aliiflances are farthcll from us. The good man was infinitely ra\ ilhed 
 \\ ith the Vifion, and it infpired his foul with a frelh zeal and couragc,and 
 made him long to arrive at that happy place, and little concerned what 
 ufe they would make of it, he could not but communicate and impart 
 his happincis; the CAipwas full, and it eafily overllowed ; he tells his 
 advcrlaries what himfelf beheld. Behold, I Jee the Heavens opened, and 
 the Sen cj Man flanding on the right hand of God. 
 
 XIX. THE Heavenly Vilion had very different effe6>s, it encou- 
 raged .Srt-/)/rw, but enraged the Jens, who now taking it /to li'^'/f/Zo that 
 hewasablafphemer, relolved u|X)n his death, without any further pro- 
 cefs. How furious and impatient is mifguided Zeal! they did not 
 Hand to produce a Warrant from the Reman Governor ^ without 
 wliofe leave they had not power to put any man to death ) nay they had 
 not tl:c patience to flay for the judicial llntcncc of the Sanhedrim, bur 
 
 aded
 
 1 4. The Life ^/ 5. Stephen the Vroiomartyr. 
 
 aSted the part of Zealots, ( who were wont to execute vengeance upon 
 Capital Olienders without flying for the ordinary formahtic of Ju- 
 flice ) and raifing a great noife and clamour, and Jtcpping their ears, that 
 they might hear no turthcr blafphemies, and be deaf to all cries for mer- 
 cy, they unanimoufly rulhed upon him. But zeal is Superfiitious in its 
 maddelt fury : they would not execute him within the Walls, left they 
 fliould pollute the lioly City with his iilood, but hurried him ivithout ti:e 
 City, and there fell upon him Mith a fliow er of ftones. Stoning was one 
 of the four Capital punilhments among the Jews, inflifted upon greater 
 and more enormous crimes, efpccially blafphemy, Idolaty, and irrange 
 F;rf.p. F.i^.iVi ^Yoj-jliip. and the jf aw tell us of many particular circumfances uled 
 ■ ' in this fort of puniihment. The Malefador was to be led out of the 
 Confiftory, at the door whereof a perlon was to Hand with a Napkm m 
 his hand, and a man on Horfeback at fome diftance from him, that if 
 any one came and faid, he had fomething to otifer tor the deliverance of 
 the Malefactor, upon the moving of the Napkm the Horfeman might 
 give notice, and bring the offender back. He had two grave perfons to 
 go along with him to exhort him to Confedion by the way j a Crier m ent 
 before him, proclaiming who he was, what his crime and w ho the wit- 
 nedes; being come near the place of Execution (which was two cubits 
 from the ground ") he was firft flripped, and then Honed, and after- 
 wards hanged, where he was to continue till 5un-fet, and then being ta- 
 ken down, he and his Gibbet were both buried together. 
 
 XX. SUCH were their Cuftoms m ordinary cafes, but alafs their 
 greedinefs of St Stephen's blood would not admit thefe tedious proceed- 
 mgs ; only one formaUty we find them ufing, which the Law requi- 
 Deut. 17. 7. red, which was, that the hands cj theW'ttnejjes jhouldle jirft upon him, to 
 put him to death, and afterwards the hands of the People : a Law furely 
 contrived with great Wifdom and Prudence, that fo the Witnedes, if for- 
 fworn, might derive the guilt of the blood upon himfelf, and the refl be 
 free ; fo thou fhalt put the evil away from omong you. Accordmgly liere 
 the Wirnefles putting off their upper garments ( which rendred tnem lefs 
 nimble and expedite, being loofe and long, according to the mode of 
 »thofe Eaftern Countries) Zz/W'them down at Saul\ feet,a zealous Youth, 
 at that time Student under Gamaliel, th.e fiery zeal and activity of whofe 
 temper made him bufic no doubt in this, as we find he was in the follow- 
 ing Perfecution. An Adtion which afterwards coft him tears and 
 penitent refledfions, himfelf preferring the Indiilment againft himfelf; 
 Afts 22. 20. When the Hood of the Martyr Stephen was fhed, I alfo was ftanding ly,and 
 confenting unto his death, and kept the raiment of them that few him. Thus 
 prepared they began the Tragedy, whofe example was foon followed 
 by the multitude. All which time the innocent and holy man was upon 
 his knees, fending up his Prayers fafter to Heaven than they could rain 
 down Stones upon him, pioufly recommending his own Soul to God, 
 and charitably intending for his Murderers , that God would not 
 charge tliis guilt upon them, nor fevercly reckon with them for it : and 
 then gave up the Ghofl, or as the facred Hiftorian elegantly exprefles 
 it, fc// afleep. So folt a pillow is death to a good man, lo willingly, fo 
 quietly does he leave the World, as a weary Labourer goes to bed at 
 night. What Storms or Tempefts foever may follow him while he lives, 
 his Sun in fpight of all the malice and cruelty of his enemies fets ferene and 
 calm ; mark theperfetl and hehvld the upright, for the end of that man u peace. 
 
 XXI. THUS
 
 Ibe Life of S. S r y. f n k n //;/; Protomdrtp-. 1 5 
 
 X\f. THUS dial St. SfcpheKi the Frotomartyr of the Clirifliaii 
 Fakli, obtaining t cv.tJ <;f^v\\jf^v X-n^a^.v (lays Enftiws) a r<-'\varii ^^j^^'^^i^ 
 truly anlwcring to his name, a CrolUH. He was a man in whom the 
 Virtues of a divine lite were very eminent and illullrious; .» nuni juU 
 of t\iiihj and (^ ;hc I Ids (il<j}. Admirable his ^eal for Gal and for 
 Heligion, for the 'propagating wlicreof he relufedno pains', declined no 
 troubles or dilficulties: his courage was not Lallkd either uith the angry 
 frowns, or the fierce tlireatningsot his enemies, nor did his -Spirits IimIv, 
 though he llood alone, and hail neither friend nor Kinfman to aliill and 
 comiort him; iiis conllancy firm and unlhakcn, notwithllanding temp- 
 tations on the one hand, and the dangers that allaulted him on the 
 other.- in all the oppofitions th;it he met with, under all the torments 
 and fufleruigs th.ic he underwent, he ddcovcred notliingLut the meek 
 and innocent temper of a Lamb, never betraying one paliionate and re- 
 vengctul word, but calmly refignedup hii .'ioultoGod. He had a cha- 
 rity largo enough to cover the lughelt affronts, andthegrcated wrongs 
 and injuries that were put upon him; and accordingly alter the exam- 
 ple of his Mailer, he prayed tor the pardon of his Murderers, even while 
 they were raking in his lilood. And the fjjeiiual 
 
 J<rit»t pr.t)cr (J fl'C ri'ii'dcui tn.itt availed much ; E^o fumjefus f<a:^.trmut, tjuem eu perft- 
 
 Heaven was not deaftohcar hisfctition, asap- r:::,^l':::i''JJ;tiS:';;7'^""^, 
 
 peared m the Ipeedy Convcrfion or d. / j«/, wliofc oiimtjuidcm delut perJere u-, fed SiephaniH 
 
 ndmi rable chantie we may rcafonably fuppofe to "?'"' "'•""' /""" ''-y ^Mjieiupe rap^^cmcd,- 
 
 iuve been the birth of the good mans dymg »e,ei>ju,ejifihu,perditia,tt samfisJciu^ 
 
 groansjthe fruit of his Frayer and Intercfl in Hea- steph jInv s fienm orajjet, Ecdejia 
 
 vcn. And what fct ortall thcfe exccllencics,he was ^pt^^^,f,Zl'rf.'^V2^^^ '^\ 
 
 , '. 1 .tului, quia in terra incUtiMui exauditui ell 
 
 not elevated w ith lofty and arrogant conceits, nor Stephanm. Hyod/ecu per/ecutor, pAtuur prit- 
 thouijht nwrc hi'ihly of htmltlf tha» he owjht tu think. ^'•"''- Autiuft. Scrtii. i. dc Se Sieph. 
 rt * • "^ 1 r I r • \ 1 Ton). lo. col. I168. 
 
 elleeming meanly ot, and prcternng others be- 
 fore himlelt". And therefore the Author of the Apojhlic (S) Confli tut ions (^)Lth. 8. «;. 
 brings in the Aix)rtles commending St. Stephen for his humility, that ^^^'J"*^''" ^'"'' 
 thougli he was fo great a iKMibn, and honoured with fuch fingular 
 and extraordinary Vifions and Revelations, yet never attempted any 
 thing above his place, did not ( onfecrate the pAichariff, nor confer Or- * 
 ders upon any; but (as became a Martyr of Chriff t fwrnP^iav i^to-j.;?*!, 
 to preferve Order and Decency) he contented himfelf with the ftation 
 of a Deacon^ w herein he jx^rlevcred to the laft: minute of liis life. 
 
 XXH. HIS Martyrdom hapned(fay fome three years after our Savi- 
 ours railion,which Eiudnn liilhop of Antic(h(\'i that tpiflle Were his cited 
 by (/) Sicephoriis^ whicli 'tis probable enough was not) extends to no lefs {I') H. EccU.2. 
 than fevcn years. Doubtlefsa very wide millakc. Sure I am ^c) Eujehim af- '{^'l^'^}' 
 firms, that it was not long alter his Ordination to his Deacons Office, and ImJai^ 
 the Author of the fxcerpta Chronclogica publilhcd by {d Scah^er more par- f*^-* '^'^ '^f^'^- 
 ticularly,that it was fomc few days lefs then eight moneths alter our Lords pl^'^z^ 
 Alcenfion. He is generally fuppofcd to have been young at the time of h'is<t) Orti.inS. 
 Martyrdom ; and eXhryfrfl. makes no fcruple of nylinsihim younz »un at f'/r'-"^'J"Fr. 
 every turn,tfiough tor what rcalon,! contels 1 am yet to learn. He was Mar- ^.steph.tpjiMr. 
 tyred without the walls,near the gate on the North fide that leads to Cedar ^ sJ /ixg.^. Bed. 
 (as (/) /-«aj« tells us^ find which was afterwards called St. Stephens Gate ; J^'JjJ' 
 anciently (hy fomc > flykd thf Gate if Ephra/m^ or as others the f''a//e\ Btu. de,cTipt. 
 Gate., or the Eijh (;.;/f 'which flood on the £///■ fide of the City, where l'^J{T,l]^ 
 the place wc arc told is ftill fhcwcd, where St. Paul fate when he kept ,.'^7.';. 2 j"? ^ 
 
 the
 
 1 6 The Life <?/ 5. S t e p h e n the Vrotomartjr. 
 
 the deaths of them that flew him. Over this place ( where ever it was ) 
 f.) Em h t'"'^ Emprefs (a) Eadocia wife of Tbeodojm^ when Ihc repaired the Walls 
 Ecc.'.h^c'. 22. oi JeruJJem, ereaed a beautiful and ilatcly Church to the honour of 
 ?• -^''- St. Stephen^ wherein Ihe her Iclf was buried afterwards. The great Stone 
 
 upon which he fl:ood while he fuflered Martirdom, (b) is faid to have been 
 P^-^ei '' afterwards removed into the Church built to the honour of the Ape- 
 Hies upon Mount Sm/, and there kept with great care and reverence : 
 yea one of the Stones wherewith he was killed, being preferved by ibme 
 {c)Bar. not. m chriftian, was afterwards (as we are (c) told) carried into Italy., and laid 
 JJ'X'sT up as a choice Treafure at Ancovn^ and a Church there built to the me- 
 475. c.v M.^.r- morv of the Martyr. 
 
 tyros. s.Cynac. XXUI. THE Cliurch received a great wound by the death of this 
 pious and good man , and could not but exprefs a very deep refentment 
 of it : Devout men ( probably Profelytes) carried Stephen to his burial .,and 
 wade great lamentation for ban. They earned, or as the word o-t/y.ix-o'xc^ 
 properly fignifies, they <'//r//e'^himup, and prepared the dead body for 
 the burial. For we cannot realonably fuppofe, that the Jens being at 
 this time fo mightily enraged againit him, the ApojUes would think it 
 prudent further to provoke the exafperated humour by making a folemn 
 (^)L«c;4»Ef and pompous Funeral. His burial (if we might believe {d) one of the 
 ^ invent, s. ^ncicnts, who pretends 'twas revealed to him in a Vifion by Gamaliel.^ 
 IsifudBaKd whom many of the Ancients make to have been a Chriftian Convert) was 
 ^«.4i5f37i. on this manner. The Jen-ijh Sanhedrim having given order that hisCar- 
 7.i\^c.%rram. cafe Ihould remain in the place of its Martyrdom to be confumed by wild 
 2./454. ' Beafts; here it lay for fome time night and day, untouched either by 
 Beaft or Bird of Prey. Till Gamaliel compallionating the cale of the 
 holy Martyr, perfuaded fome Rehgious Chriftian ProfeIytes,who dwelt 
 . .. - . at Jerufalem, and furnilhed them with all things neceffary for it, to go 
 ■with all poflible fecrecy and fetch off his Body. They brought it away 
 in his own Carriage, and conveyed it to a place called Caphargamala, 
 (corruptly, as is probable, for Caphargamaliel, other wife r>j>c3 -|33 
 properly fignifies the Tonn of Camels ) that is, the Fillage of Gamaliel., 
 twenty miles diftant from Jerufalem ; where a folemn mourning was 
 kept for liim feventy days at Gamaliel charge, who alfo caufed him to be 
 buried in thefuy/y/rf't'of his own Monument, where afterwards he was 
 
 interred himfelf. The Creek Memcon adds, that 
 'o 5h©- -3rei7B^?TO< T drnmhovM-m- his body was put into a Coffin made of the wood 
 
 cvXafwi' iv>A«oOTyi/>tw x\\oW tiS-©- tliul Egyptian Tree, as {e) Iheophrajlus tells us,of 
 rfi-rxfvm. Menaron Grxcor. t^ Ki rk M- which they Were wont to make S'tatues, Beds, 
 
 "''^^ w/flr.' pkm. /. 4- c.z.-p. 286. Tables, ©c-.; though how they came by fuch \-e- 
 
 ry particular intelligence ( there being nothing 
 
 *'Ex(jej'.3- ^ of it in Gamaliel's Revelation) I am not able to imagine. * Johannes Fho- 
 
 cLITo'S ^^^ ^ ^^'^^^ Writer of the middle Age of the Church, agrees in the rela- 
 
 Mu.' ° tion of his Interment by Gamaliel, but adds, that he was firft buried in 
 
 Mount Sion, in the houfe where the Apoftles were afiembled when our 
 
 Lord came in to them, the doors being jhut, after his Reiurrecl ion, and 
 
 afterwards removed by Gamaliel to another place, which ( fays he ) was 
 
 ikd.ci 5.^.25. Qj^ j.|^^ j^.jj. ^jjg ^j.- j.[^^ City, as it looks towards Samaria, where a famous 
 
 Monaftcry was built afterwards. 
 
 XXIV. BUT where ever his Body was interred, it re fled quietly for 
 ftvcral Ages, till we hear of its being found out in the Reign of Hcnorim., 
 
 for
 
 The Life of St.Sr Ev HE n the Vrotomnrtyr. 1 7 
 
 tor then a.s{^irSozontc» intorms us, it was tlilcovcrcd at t!ic fame time with fO n.F.id.i'). 
 the bones of tJic I'roplict Zjchary^ an account oi Uuh which lie pro- ' ''■'^^'''7• 
 mifes to give ; and having I jx)ken of that of the I'ropliet, there abrupt- 
 ly en^ls hisHiflory. But what is wanting lu hiin is lully luppUed l>y 
 otlier hands, efpecially the lorementioned yL)LHcian^ Pre:>hyter of x\\c (iM-uiu-p,p, 
 Town of Ciphiiiq^.wuiLi in the Diocefs of 'jcritj.ileni. Who is very large and "'•"• C> i'>^t- 
 pun:tual in his account, the fum whereof ( fofiras concerns tlie prefent ^.*/' I'i;^^'' 
 cafe, and is material to relate ) i-> this. Sjccprngone night in the i^.;/*/"/- "" ' '" 
 jhrium of his C liurch, ( this was Ann.QiXXlW. Homr. Jmper. XXf. ) 
 there ap{x.ared to liim a grave venerable old man, who told (lim he was 
 (jjtn.u'/c/, bidlnmgoio Ji'/n Bilhop of [jtruJJcm^ and vmII him to re- 
 move his remains and fome others ( whereof S. ^7 c/'/rw was the pruici- 
 pal ) that were witii him from the place where tiiey lay. Three fevc- 
 ral times tlie Vifion appeared to him before he would be fully latisfied 
 in the thing, and then he acquainted the liilliop with it, vvho comman- 
 ded him to learch alter the place. After fome attempts, he tound the 
 place of their repofitory, and then gave the liilhop notice, who came and 
 brought two other Bilhops,/r/f«//7r/«^of.sV/A//A',and P.Uutheiiiu o\ Hien- 
 cl.v^ along with hmi. The Monument being opened, they tound an 
 Infcription upon S. Stephen's Tomb-llone in deep letters, CE LI E I.^ 
 lignit\ing (lays mine Author) thcSerzu/U of Go^ ; at the opening of the 
 CJotlin there was an F,artlK]uake, and a very j>leafant and dclighttiil Ira- 
 grancy came tVom it, and leveral miraculous cures were done by it. Tiie 
 remains being clofed up again { only tome tew bones, and a little of the 
 durt that was taken out, and beftowed u\K>n Liician ') were witii great 
 triumph and rejoicing conveyed to the C hurch that flood upon Mount 
 SioH, tlic place where he himfelf while alive had difclurgcd the O/Iice 
 of a Deacon. I add no more of this, but that this .Story is not only 
 mentioned by ,/) FhottM, and before him by T^) ALirceUitmi Comes, fome- (c) l>c dut 
 times Ckvicellor or Secretar)' to Jujiinij>i, ahcrwards Emperour ( wiio k)M*rccichr. 
 fetsit down as done in the very fame year, and under the fame Confuls ''"*^^'" ^" 
 wherein I.nci j»s Epiflle reports it) but before both by {e)Gemj({tus'(') DeScnpt. 
 Presbyter of /T/jr/f ///«'.(, who lived Ann. CCCCXC. and many yearsbc-^'*^''-4^'47- 
 lore, and confequently not long attcr the time of Lucijn himfelf j who^' ^'' 
 alfo adds, that LucLiu wrote a relation of it in Greek to all the Churches 
 which Jvitus a Spanijh Presbyter tranflated into L^tine, whofe Epitlfe is 
 prefixed to it, w lierein he gi\es an account of it to Balchonim Billiop 
 of /?r.7(^.;, and fent it by Oro/ms into Spjoi. 
 
 XXV. THESE remains ( w hether before or after, tiic Reader mufl 
 judge by the fequel of the Story, though I queftion whetlier he will 
 have Faith enougli to lx.lieve all thecircumllancesof it") wcrctranilated 
 to ConlLvitDtPp'w u|K)n thisoccafion. ( /) Alexander a Noble-man ot tlic iOSi-fp.N.Er. 
 Se».itorun Order, having a particular veneration for the FrotomjrtYrJ'^'^'^- 9/"- 
 had creeled an Oratory to him in FaleJliMe^ commanding that lum(clfiit»J/'.':/a' 
 w hen dead lx;ing put intoa C oilin like that of St. Stephen^ ihould be bu- Airn.**; Oj-.-. 
 riedbyhim. Eight years alter, his Lady (whofe name, ljy tome, was ;^^5'^'/"J.'',^'- 
 Jm/uhj ) removing to Conjljutmople, refolved to take her Husband% body 
 along with lier: but in a hurry (he clunced to miflake St. Stephen's (offin 
 tor that of her Husband, and lo lit toru ard on her Journey. But it loon 
 lx:trayed it lelf by an extraordinary odor, and fome miraculous ellccts: 
 the tame whereof ll\ing before to Co*{//jwr/;r(7^/<', had prepared the peo- 
 ple to conducl it with great joy and folemnity into the Imperul Palace. 
 
 D Whicli
 
 1 8 The Life ^f St. S t e p h e n the Vrotomartjr. 
 
 Which yet could not be effeftcd : for the fturdy Mules that carried 
 the Trcallire being come as far as Ccnjlantint's B.iths, would not ad- 
 vance one ftep further. And when unreafonably w hipped and prickedj 
 thev fpake aloud, and told thofe that conduced them, that the Mart) r 
 was to be rcpofed and interred m that place. Which was accordingly 
 done, and a beautiful Church built there. But certainly they that hrlt 
 added this pailage to the Story , had been at a great lofs for invention 
 had not tiie Story of B^laam\ Afs been upon record- in Scripture. I 
 ^Bar.adAnn.conMs* B.von/it6 fcems not over-forward to believe this relation, not 
 459. Tom. 5. Iq^ |.jjg trifling and ridiculous improbabilities of it, but only becaufe 
 he could not well reconcile it with the time of its being firfl found out 
 by Lucu}!. Indeed my Authors tell us, that this was done in the time of 
 Cotijhntine^ Metrophanes being then liiihop of Conjtantinnple, and that 
 it was only fome part of his remains buried again by fome devout 
 Chriftians, that was difcovered in a Vifion to Lucian , and that the 
 Emprefs Pukheria , by the help of her Brother Theodofnu^ procured 
 from the Bilhop of Jerufalem the Martyrs right hand, which being 
 arrived at Covjlantimple ^ was with fmgular reverence and rejoycing 
 brought into the Palace, and there laid up, and a ftately and magnificent 
 Church ereded for it , fet off with all rich and coflly ornaments and ad- 
 vantages. 
 t MmM chr >^^ V^' + AUTHORS mention another remove Am. CCCCXXXIX. 
 indiii. vii. ( and let the curious and inquifitive after thefe matters reconcile the 
 t-H- diflerent accounts ) of his remains to Conjlantinople by the Emprefs Eu- 
 
 libl. f'^6z. docia^ Wife to Theodofius , who having been at Jerufalem upon fome 
 pious and charitable defigns, carried back with her to the Imperial City 
 the remains of S. Stephen^ which fhe carefully laid up in the Church of 
 {*) Advil. S. Laurence. The Roman (a) Martyrology fays, that in the time of Pope 
 Manf.z'i^ Pelagjus they were removed fi'om Conjtantinople to Rome ^ and lodg'd in 
 the Sepulchre of S. Laurence the Martyr in agro Ferano, where they are 
 honoured with great piety and devotion. But I find not any Author 
 near thofe times mentioning their tranflation into any of thefe Wejlern 
 (b)Vid.Avit. parts, except the little parcel which (^) Or^/wj brought irom Jerufalem 
 Ef. Prxf. Ep. ( whither he had been fent by S. Auguftin to know S. Hierom's fenfe in the 
 nad'.defcnpt. Qiipftion about the Original of the Soul ) wliich he received from Avi' 
 Ecci. itiOrof. tiu^ who had procured it of Z.«c/<5[», and brouglit it along with him into 
 '^Marctiia^ren ^^^ ^^fi-> ^'^^t is, into Afric^ fof whether it went any further, I find 
 f.ij. not. 
 
 XXVII. AS for the miracles reported to have been done by the re- 
 (c)De gior. mains of this Martyr, (c) Gregory Billiopof TourSy and the Writers of the 
 C'lpT^^'fiz. following Ages have furniihed the World with abundant inftances, 
 {^c. whicii I infifl not upon,Super{lition having been the peculiar gen his and 
 
 humour of thofe middle Ages of the Church, and the Chriflian World 
 miferably over-run with an excelTive and immoderate Veneration of 
 the Reliques of departed Saints. However I can venture the Readers 
 difpleafure for relating one, and the rather becaule 'tis folblemnly aver- 
 {d)Anmt. in ^d by (^/) Baronius himfelf. S. Gaudiofus an African Bifliop, flying from 
 M'trtyr.i{oni. the f-^anddl/c Perfccution, brought with him a Glafs Vial of S. Stephens 
 p,fyf'^^^' blood to Naples in //-ti/y, where it was famous efpecially for one miracu- 
 lous efTe^f, that being fet upon the Altar^ at the time of Alafs it was 
 annually wontupon the third of Augujf (the day whereon S.^'/'f/'/Ws body 
 was firft difcovered) to melt and bubble, as if it were but newly fjicd. 
 
 But
 
 Ihe Life of St. Sr lpulu tkc Vrotomnnjr. . i ^ 
 
 But the miracle of the miracle lay in this, tliat u hcii Pope Grevnry 
 tlic Xlil.rclbrmcd tlic Honun hJinn^ir^ and iiiaclc no Ids than ten clays 
 dilfLTcncc from the lormcr, tlicl)liv)d in tlic Vial rtalcd to bul.bic U|X)n 
 the third ot\ '///;?;///'' according to the old computation, and bubbled Ujxjn 
 that that tell according to the now Rclormation. A great junirication 
 [ coniL-l's (^as HaiomuA well obl"er\c"5 ) ot the divine Authority of the 
 Gregorij/i Siikudjr^ and the l'(^pes C onllitutioiis: but yet it wav ill 
 done to let iJie yi'.//rw/-/.f/ at variance, \Nhen both had been equally jufli- 
 ficd by the miracle. But how eafie it was to abule tiie Word with luch 
 trick., efixjcially in thcle later Ages, wherein the Artifice ot the Pricn? 
 >*as arrived to a kind ol jK-rte«:tion in thelcatlairs, isnoditficult matter 
 to iinagin. 
 
 XXVIIf. LET us then lo<^k to the more early Ages, when Cove- 
 toufnels and Secular Interclls had nor lb generally put men upon Arts 
 ct" cralt and fut ticty ; and v\c are told both by Li4cij>; and Fhotnu, tliat Lx-me dut. 
 at the rtrll dilco\ery ot" the Martyrs botly many ftrangc miraculous 
 cures were elicited , fcvenry three liealed only by Imclling the odor 
 and iragranrv ot' the boJy; in Tome D.rmons were cart out, oiliers cu- 
 red otiiiiicsot B1o(kI, Tumours, Agues, Fevers, and infinite other diltem- 
 pcrs that were upon them, liut that which moft fways with me, is 
 wJjat S. Jn>i^nji/n reports of thele matters; who fecms to have been ^^- lyedv.DeiUk, 
 quilkive about matters of Fact , as tlvj Argument he managed did re- 22. c.if. col. 
 cjuire. For being to dcmonflrate againfl the Gentiles that miracles ' 346c:^c.Tw», 
 were not altogether cealed in the C hril\ian Church, among leveral ^" 
 others he produces many inflances of Cures miraculoufly done at the 
 remams oi' S.StipltM, brought thither ,^ as before we noted ) by Omfius 
 from Jrntf^/em ; all done thereabouts, and fome of them in the place 
 where himfelf lived, and of which 1, as he tells us they made Books, 
 whicii were folemnly publiihcd, and read to the People, w hereof ( at 
 the time ot his Writing^ there were no lefs than fcventy written of the 
 Cures done at J/ippo (^ the place where he lived ) though it was not full 
 two years Tince the manorial of S.Stephens Marty rdom had begun to be 
 celebrated in that place, befidcs many whereof no account iiad been gi- 
 ven in writing. To let down all were to tire the Readers patience be- 
 yond all recov ery, a few only tor AjpecimcM Ihall fulfice. At the Wy«<c 
 TtLilitjtitC Frojeilus the Bilhop bringing the remains of the Martyr, in a 
 vaft multitude of People a blind woman defiring to be brought to the 
 Bilhop, and fome Flowers whicli llie brougiit being laid upon them, 
 -and after applied to her eyes, to the wonder of all Iheinftantly received 
 lier fight. /.//t-//'«( Bilhop of^vw/c<i near Hippo.^ carrying the fame re- 
 mains, accompanied with all the people, was fuddcniy freed trom a de- 
 Ipcratc diltale, under which lie hid a long time laboured, and for which 
 he even then expected the Chirurgeons Knite. Eucharim aSpd»/JhPrc(- 
 byter, tlien dwelling at CuLim^i ( whereof FofitliHs who u rote S. W//(^«- 
 jfjn\ l.ite was Bishop ^ was by the fame means cured of the Stone, whicli 
 lie iiad a long time been alfliiled "a ith, and attcrwards recovered of 
 another difleinper, when he had been given over for dead. Mjrtulu 
 an aniicnt Gentleman in thit place of grc-atnote and rank, but a Pagan, 
 and l;;rjily prejudiced againfl rhcC hriQian Faith, had been often in vain 
 follicited by his Daughter and her Husband (both Chriftians ) to turn 
 C^hriflian, efix-cially in his I'lcknefs, but flill refentcd the motion with 
 iindignaiioii- His Son-in-law went to the pl.icc dedicated to St. Stephen's 
 
 D 7. Martyr-
 
 ■ - ■■ ■ _ -. 
 
 20 The Life of St. S 'r ^ ? a ^ ^ the Frotomartjr. 
 
 Martyrdom, and there with prayers and tears pafTionately begged of 
 God his Converfion. Departing he took Ibme Flowers thenLC with 
 him, which at night he put under liis Fathers head ; who ilept well,and 
 in the morning called for the Biihop, in whofe abfence ( for he u as at 
 that time with S. Augujlh at Hippo ) the Presbyters were fent for ,- at 
 whofe coming he acknowledged himfelf a Chnflian , and to the joy 
 and admiration of all, was immediately Baptized. As long as he lived 
 he often had thefe words in his mouth , and they were the lafl; words 
 that he fpake ( for he died not long after ) Chrift receive wyjpirn^ 
 tliough utterly ignorant that it was the Protomartyrs dying fpeech. 
 
 XXIX. MANY paflages of like nature he relates done at h:s own 
 See at Hippo , and this among the reft. Ten children ot emmency at Ca- 
 farea'mCappadocia (all the children of one man had for lome notorious 
 mifdemeanour after their Fathers death been rurfed by their Mother, 
 whereupon they were all feized with a continual trembling and fliaking 
 in all parts of their body. Two of thefe, Faulm and t'aiiadia^ came 
 over into Afric^ and dwelt at Hippo^ notorioufly known to the whole 
 City. They arrived fifteen days before Eajter^ where they trequented 
 the Church, efpecially the place dedicated to the Martyrdom, of S. iVf- 
 yhen every day, praying that God would torgive them, and reftore them 
 to their health. Upon £.//?6'r D^jy the Young man praying as he was 
 wont at the accuftomed place, fuddenly dropt down, and lay like one 
 afleep, but without any trembling, and awaking found himfelf perfedf- 
 ly reftored to health, who was tliereupon with the joyful acclamations 
 of the People brought to i). Avi^.tjiin^ who kindly received him, and after 
 the public devotions were over, treated him at Dinner, v\ here he had 
 the whole account of themifery that betel him. The day after, when 
 the narrative of his Cure was to be recited to the People, his fifter alfo 
 was healed in the fame manner, and at the fame place, the particular cir- 
 cumflancesof both which S. Augujiin relates more at large. 
 
 XXX. WHAT the judicious and unprejudiced Reader will think 
 of thefe and more the like inftances there reported by this good Father, 
 I know not, or whether he will not think it reafonable to believe, that 
 God might fuffer thefe ftrange and miraculous cures to be wrought in a 
 
 Vid Aw loc P''^^^ where multitudes yet perfifted in their Gentil/fm and infidelity ; and 
 at'imm cap. wlio made this one great objefVion againft the Chriftian Faith, that 
 whatever miracles miglit be heretofore pretended for the confirmation 
 of Chriftian Relgion, yet that now they were ceafed, when yet they 
 were ftill neceftary to induce the World to the belief of Chriftianity, 
 Certain it is, that nothing was done herein, but what did very well con- 
 fift with the wifdom and the goodnefs of God, who as he is never wont 
 to be prodigal in multiphing the effeds of his omnipotent power be- 
 yond a juft necellity, lo is never wanting to afford all neceftary eviden- 
 ces and methods ot conviftion. That therefore the unbelieving World 
 ( who made this the great refuge of their infidelity i might fee that his 
 arm was not grown eftcete and weak ; that he had not left tiie Chri- 
 ftian Relgion wholly deftitute of immediate and miraculous attefta- 
 tions, he was pleated to exert thefe extraordinary powers, that he might 
 baffle their unl)elief, and ftlence their objedions againft the divinity of 
 the Chriftian Faith. And for this reafon God never totally withdrew 
 the power of working Miracles from the Church , till the World was in 
 a manner wholly fubducd to the faith of Chrilt. And then he Ictt it. 
 
 to
 
 The Life of St. S r e p h e n the Vrotomnrtyr. 2 1 
 
 to be conduLlcd by more humane and regular ways, and to prcfcrvc its 
 Autliority over the minds of men by thofe flanding and innate cliara- 
 6lcrsof l^ivinity, wliicli lie lias iinprcffed upon it. 'Tis true that the 
 Church ot Home ftill pretends to this jxiwer, which it endea\ours to 
 juflifie by appealing totheCe and (iich like inllances. But in vain, and 
 to no purpofe; the pretended miracles of that Church being generally 
 trilling antl ludicrous, tar beneath that gravity and ferioulnei's that 
 Ihouid work upon a wile and confidcring mind, the manner ot their 
 of^ration obfcurc and ambiguous, their numbers cxcetlivc and immo- 
 derate, theoccafions of them light and trivolous, and alter all, the things 
 themlelves tor the mod part falle, and the reports very often fo mon- 
 llrous and extravagant, as would choke any Ibber and rational belief, 
 fo that a man mull himfelf become the greatefl miracle that believes 
 them. I Ihall obferve no more, than that in all thefe cafes related by 
 S. W«^v///«, we never find that tliey invocated or prayed to the Martyr, 
 nor begged to be healed by his merits or intcrceilion, but immedutely 
 directed their addrctles toGodiumfelf. 
 
 THE
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. PHILIP 
 
 THE 
 
 DEACON and EVANGELIST. 
 
 ''fif a 38 rftr t.w,//it/rt/ /Ju Charet to I'luiu/ Hill: and t/irv JU-t-rU iLjttif /v//l 
 into the Mvtrr. both 9^^07^77.9 ami the eyr7r:yar(: a,td he baplizec/ hivt 
 
 Uis Bird-phce. The confounding him with S, Philip the ApoftU. Hu 
 ekthon to the Office of a Deacon. Tf.e difperfion of the Church at Jcru- 
 felcm. Philip'j preaching at Samaria. Inveterate prejudica letveen the 
 
 Samari-
 
 The Life of S. P h i l i p tbe Deacon, &LC. 
 
 P.p,J}.l.i.Ef. I 
 4.49, ttJ An- 
 
 Samaritans ut/^ the Jews. Tl:e great fuccejs of S. Philip'y Mitirjiry. 
 Vie Impojiures of Simon Magus", and Ins emlrachig Chrijiianity. The 
 Chrijiians at Samaria confirmed by Peter arJ John. 1 liilip fe»t to 
 Gaza. His meeting with the iiLriiiopian £«««c/'. What ytihiopia/'^re 
 meant. Candace who. Tl^e cujhtn of retaining Eunuchs in the Courts of 
 the Eaftern Princes. This Eunuch ivko. His Ofice. His Religion and 
 great Piety. HisConverfion and Baptijm hy S.V\\)\\\>. Tl.e place where 
 he xvm baptized. The Eunuchs return^ and propagating Chrifiianity in 
 his own Country. V\\i\\^'s journey toQx{^xt2i,and fixing his abode there. 
 His four daughters Firgin-Prophetefes. His death. 
 
 PHILIP was born Qas Ifidore the Peleufiot i^hin- 
 ly intimates ) at Cafarea, a famous Port-Town be- 
 tween Joppa and Ptoletnais in the Province of Sa- 
 maria J but whether he had any other w arrant ibr 
 it then his own conjefture, I know not, there 
 being fome circumfiances however tliat make it 
 probable. He has been by fome both formerly 
 and of later times for want of a due regard to things 
 and perfons, carelefly confounded with S. Philip tlie 
 Apoflle. A miftake of very ancient date, and which fecmsto have been 
 embraced by iome of the mod early Writers of the Church. But who- 
 ever confiders that the one was an ^pojrlc^znd one of the 7irf/tr,rheother 
 a Deacon only, and one of the Seven, chofen out of the People, and fet 
 apart by the Apoftles, that they themfelves might attend the more im- 
 mediate Minifleries of the Office ; that the one was dilperfed up and 
 down the Country, while the other remained with the Apoftolical Col- 
 lege at Jerujalem ; that the one though commiflioned to Preachand 
 to Paptize, could not impart the Holy Ghofl: ( the peculiar prerogative 
 of the Apoftolical Office) will feejufl reafonto force him to acknow- 
 lege a vaft difference between them. Our S. Phil/p was one of the 
 Seventy Difciples, and S. Stephens next Colleague in the Deacons Office, 
 erefted for the conveniency of the Poor, and aflifting the Apoftles in 
 fome inferiour Services and Miniflrations : which Ihews him to have 
 been a perfon of great efteem and reputation in the Church, endowed 
 with miraculous powers, fu// of Wifdcm, and rf the Holy Ghofl j which 
 were the qualifications required by the Apoftles in thofe who were to 
 beconftituted to this place. In the difcharge of this Minifteryhe con- 
 tinued at Jerujalem for fome months after his eledfion, till the Church 
 being fcattered up and down, he was forced to quit hisflation: as what 
 wonder if the Stewards be difmiffed, wlien the Houflioid is broken up ? 
 
 II. THE Protomartyr hzAhc&n lately facrificed to the rage and ftjry 
 of his Enemies : but the bloody Cloud did not fo blow over, but increa- 
 fed into a blacker tempefl. Cruelty and rt-venge never fay it is enough, 
 like the temper of tlie Devil, whole malice is infatiablc and eternal. 
 Stephen's death would not fuffice, the whole Church is now fliot at, and 
 they refolve ( if poffible ) to extirpate the Religion it felf. The great 
 Engineer in this Perfecution was Saul, whofe adive and fiery genius, 
 and paffionate concern for the Traditions of the Fathers, made him pur- 
 fuethedefign with the Spirit of ^Zealot, and the rage of a Mad-man. 
 Having furnilhed himfelf with a CommifTion from tlie Sanhedrim, he 
 quickly put it in execution, broke open Houfes, feizcd whoever he. met 
 
 with
 
 ■- I - ■ — - — - 
 
 The Life ^/ 6. P H I L I p the Deacon, &,c. 25 
 
 with, that looked but like a Pifciplc of the crucified Jefui, and without 
 any regard to Six or .Age, beat, and haled tliem into prifon, plucking 
 the Husl)and fronuhe boloni ot lasWite, and the Mother trointjie em- 
 braces of her Children, blafpheming God, profecuting and being inju- 
 rious unto men, breathing our nothing but ilaugliter and threatnings 
 uhere-cver he came ; whence /"mA/zw calls it tlie /irfl and moll gne- ///i:,-/./, ; f., 
 vous Perfecution of the C hurch. The Church by this means was tor- f 39- 
 ced to retire, the Apoftlcs only remaining privately at Jerujalem, that 
 tiiey might the better fuiK-rintend and fleer the affairs of the Church, 
 while the red were dilperfed up and down the neighbouring Coun- 
 tries, publilliing the glad tidings ol tiie Gofpel, and declaring the na- 
 ture and dclign of it m all |)laces where they came; lo that what their 
 Enemies inteniled as the way to ruin them, by breaking the knot of 
 their Fellowihip anti Society, proveti an etleduai means to enlarge the 
 bounds of ( hriflianity. Tlius excellent perfumes, while kept dole in a 
 box, tew are the better for them, w hereas being once, whether cafual- 
 ly or malicioufly fpilt upon the ground, the fragrant fccnt prefently fills 
 all corners of the houl'e. 
 
 HI. AMONG them that were thus difperfed was our Eiatigehfl, 
 fo ftilcdnot from his Writing, but prcacliing of the Gofpel. He dirc- 
 »^fed his journey towards the Province of i'jw.i/-/./, anfl came into a 
 City of Sjnuria i^ asthofe words may be read> probably G/Z/w, the birth- 
 place o\' Stmon M^z^tu ; though it's fafeft to undcrftand it of Samaria it 
 ielf This was the Metropolis of the I'rovince, had been for fome Ages 
 the Royal Seat of tiic Kings of JJrael, but being utterly deAroycd by 
 Hyrcaniis^ had bccii latel)' re-edified by Herod the Great, and in honotir 
 of ^'lugujius (X«Ca<r(!^) byhimftiled Sehajle. The Samaritans y^'erc 2 
 mixture o^Jnrs and Gent ties, made up of the remains that were left of the 
 Ten Tribes which were carried away captive, andthofc Heathen ( clo- 
 nics which the King oi' Bah/on brought into their room; and tlieir Re- 
 ligion accordingly was nothing but JuHaijm blended Wixh Parian Rites, 
 though fo highly prized and valued by them, that they made nofcru- 
 ple to difpure place, and to vie with the Worlhip of the Temple of Jc- 
 rM/a/em. Upon this account there had been an ancient and inveterate 
 pique and quarrel lietween the jFfu-v and them, fo as utterly to refufc all 
 mutual intercourfe with each other. Hence tiie Samaritan Woman Joli. 4.9. 
 wondred, that our Lord hein^ a Jcn-^jhould ask drink of her, who \r,u a 
 Woni.m of Samaria; for the Jars have no dealtnqs with the Samaritans. 
 They defpifed them at the rate of Heathens, de\oted them under the 
 moll lolemn execrations, allowed them not to become Profelytes, nor 
 to hue any Portion in the Refurredlion of tlic Jufl, fufTered not an 
 Ifraelitc to cat witii them, no, norto lay ^w?<'» to their IJlelling, nor did 
 they think tjiey could (ialkn upon our Saviour a greater Charader of 
 reproach, than to fay that he w as a Samaritan^ and had a I\v:/. But 
 God regards not the prejudices ot men, nor always with-holdshis kind- 
 nels from them, whom we are ready to baniih the Lines of Love and 
 Friendlhip. 'Tis true the Apofllcs at their firft milfion were charged 
 not to g-^ rn thr wa\(f tie Gcnti!es, nor to enter into any City of the S.:nuri- Matth.ro 5. 
 /ans. But w hen Chrill b) his death liad /rokcn down the partition waff, p . ^ , 
 aftd ahJilhed in hufiejh the enmity, evcn the law of commandments contained is. ic<\. 
 in ordinances, then the Gofpel came and preached peace a> well to them 
 thut were ajar rjf, as to them that were nigh. Philip therefore freely 
 
 E picaclicJ
 
 26 The Life ^/ .S. P h i l i p the Deacon, &c. 
 
 preached the Gofpelto rhefe Samaritans j fo odious, fo diflaftful to the 
 Jews : to which he cHedtually prepared his way by many great and 
 lincontrollablc miracles, which being arguments fitted to the capacities, 
 ?.nd accommodate to the fenfesof the meaneft, do ealdieli convey the 
 truth into the minds ot" men. And the fuccels here was accordmgly, 
 the people generally embracing the Chriftian Doftrine, while they be- 
 held him curing all manner of difeafes, and powerfully dilpoi.einng 
 Dn'mons, who with great horror and regret were forced to quit their 
 refidencc, to tiie equal joy and wonder of that place, 
 
 IV". I N this City was one Simon, born at a 1 own not far off", who 
 by Sorcery and Magic Arts had ftrangely infinuated Inmfelf into tlie 
 reverence and veneration of the People, A man crafty and ambitious, 
 daring and infolcnt, whofe Diabolical fophiflries and devices, had for a 
 Jong time fo amazed the eyes of the Vulgar, that they really thought 
 him (and for fuch no doubt he gave out himfelf ) to be the fupreme di- 
 vinity, probably magnifying himlelf as that divine Power, that u as to 
 vifit the Jews as the Mejfia, or the Son of God ; among the Samaritans, 
 WLii'.i.e.2o. giving out him.felf to be the Father, ( as (a) //rw^wj afluresus,^ t TrpwTTic 
 f 1 1 5. ©j5,., as his Countryman {h - Jujtin Martyr tells us the People worlhipped 
 
 e^Hd.-nnhe him, as the firft and chiefeft Deity ; as afterwards among the Gentdes he 
 fr^fa-.H^tret. ftiled himfelf the /z/olj Ghojt. And what wonder if by tins train of Ar- 
 c.4(S./).2i9. tifices the People were tempted and feduced to admire and adore him. 
 And in tliis cafe things flood at S. Philip's arrival, w hofe greater and 
 more unqueflionable miracles quickly turned the Scale. Impoflure 
 cannot bear the too near approach of Truth, but flies before it, as dark- 
 nefs vaniflies at the prefence of the Sun. The People fenfible of their 
 errour, univerfally flocked to S. Philips Sermons, and convmced by the 
 efficacy of his Doftrine, and the power of his Miracles, gave up them- 
 felves his Converts, and were by Baptifm initiated into the Chriflian 
 Faith : Yea the Magician himfelf aftonifhed at thofe mighty things 
 which he faw done by Philip, profefled himfelf his Profelyte and Difci- 
 ple , and was baptized by him ; being either really perfuaded by the 
 conviftive evidence of Truth, or elfe for fome finifler defigns craftily 
 diflembling his Belief and ProfefTion of Chriflianity, A piece of Arti- 
 (c)H.EccUib.2. fice which (c) Eitjeh/iis tells us, his Difciples and Followers flill obferved 
 ^•^•f-^S- in his time, who in imitation of their Father, like a Peflor aLeprofie, 
 were wont to creep in among the Chriflian Societies, that fo they might 
 with the more advantage poifon and infeft the refl, many of whom fia- 
 ving been difcovered, had with fliame been ejefted and cafl out of the 
 Church, 
 
 V. T H E fame of S. Philip's fuccefs at Samaria quickly flew to Jeru- 
 falem, where the Apoflles immediately took care to difpatch fome of 
 tiieir own number to confirm thefe new Converts in the Faith. Peter 
 and John were fent upon tliis errand, who being come, prayed for them, 
 and laid their hands upon them, ordaining probably fome to be Go- 
 vernors of the Church, and Miniflers of Religion ; wiiich w as no fooner 
 done, but the miraculous Gifts of the Holy Ghofl fell upon them. A 
 plain evidence of the Apoflolic Power: Philip had converted and ba- 
 ■" Rfifh.ilcrcf.V^^'^^'^ them, but being only a Deacon, ( as * Epiphanius and ■\ChyJojhm 
 XXI. f 29. truly obierve) could not confer the Holy Ghofl, this being a faculty 
 ls!'riS!"''' Ibeflowed only upon the Apoflles. Simon the Magician oblerving this, 
 f, 5Q0. ' that a power of working miracles was conveyed by the impofition of 
 
 the
 
 J he Life ofb.VniLx? the DcacoJi, 6lc. 27 
 
 tlic ApoUlcs hands, hoped b) obtaining it to recover his ctxxlit and re- 
 putation wirli the people; to which end he loughc by lUch methods 
 as were mofl apt to prc\ ail upon himlclt, to corrupt the Apoflks by a 
 funi of money, roconlcr iliis power upon him. y'c/"tr relented the mo- 
 tion with that lhari>nc(sand fevcrity that became luin, told the Wretch 
 of the iniquity ot his offer, and tlic evil Hate and condition he was in, 
 advilcd him bv rc^Kntance tomake his Peace with Heaven, that if jxMli- 
 blc, hem iglit prevent the miferable late that otherwile did attend him. 
 But wliat palled between Ptter and this Magician both here, and in their , 
 memorable encounter at Rome ( fo much iix)ken of by tlie Ancients ) ^^^" j'',','-.'„, 
 ue have related more at large in another place. * .s. Pw.SfW.s.*- 
 
 VI. WHhTHER S.ri.ihp returned with the Aix)ftlesto7fr«/:;/f/w, ^nlmJ''^.,,, 
 or( as t Chnjojlom thinks ) (laid at Samaru^ and the parts tiiereabouts, AcUpi ■. ,,';'! 
 we have no intimations left upon Record. But 
 
 wherc-ever he was,an Angel \\ as lent to him w ith e*iA{ eiyyi^jK (riwani^uCiu'o^tt rd 
 a mcdige from God, to go and inrtrudf a -Stranger ""f"?^!'- «j«^''^ ^ ' *r,f.;-^or7=,-, t.- 
 in thetaith. The Angel one would have thought Jiiwy_p. chryfoft.ibid. p. s&6. 
 had been moll likely himfelf to have managed 
 tliisbufincls with fuccefs. But the wileGod keeps Method and Order, 
 and will not fuHer an Angel to take that Work which he has put into 
 the hands of liis Miniflers. The fum of his CommilHon was to go to- 
 ward the 5o*//', UMro the ivay that Qves eiownfrom'jcrujaiem to Gaza ^ ul:/cb 
 vdcjurt: .A circumflance, which whether it relate to the way, or the 
 Cit}', is not eafie to decide, it being probably true of both. Gaza Mas 
 a City anciently famous for the (Irange efforts of Sanifons ftrengtii, lor 
 liis captivity, his death, and the burial of himfelf and his enemies in the 
 fame Ruin. It was aitcrwards fackcd and laid wafl by Alexahdcr the 
 Great ^ and as * Strabo notes, remained waft and dejart in his time; the "Gee^afh.l. 
 Prophetical curfc being truly accomplilhed in it, Gaza jhall he forjaken ; Zici\^z^l 
 a Fatewliich the Prophet yfrd-wy had foretold to be as certain, as if hejcr.47.5. 
 Iiad fecn it already done, hjldncjs « come upon Gaza. So certainly do 
 the Divine threatnmgs arreft and take hold of a proud and impenitent 
 People ; fo eafily do they fet open the Gates for ruin to enter into the 
 flrongeft and befl fortified Cities, where Sin has oncp undermined, and 
 ftript them nakal of the Divine protection. 
 
 Vn. N O fooner had S. Fhi/ip received his Orders, though he knew 
 not as yet the intent of his journey, but he addrelled liimlelf to it, /r 
 arpje and ncMt : he did not reafon with hiinfelf whether he miglit not 
 be miftaken, and that lx;a falfeand deluding Vifion that fent him upon 
 fucli an unaccountable errand, and into a Defart and a Wildcrnefs, wiiere 
 he was more likely to meet witliTrecs and Rocks, and wild Beafts, then 
 Men to preach to : but went how ever, well know ing God ncier fends 
 any upon a vain or a foolilh errand. Aw excellent ififtance of obedience ; 
 as 'tis alio recorded to w/rj/uw's eternal honour and commendation, that 
 when God fent his Warrant, he obeyed andneHt out, not knowing nhirher 
 he went. As he was on his journey , he efpied coming towards him a 
 t>un of /Ethiopia^ an Eunuch of great authority under Cmdace Queen rf the 
 Ajhiopians ; who had the charge of all her treafure, and h.jd come to Jeru- 
 Jalem to w.v/h/p; though in what part of the World the Country here •/>:"•.-/. •r.- 
 fpokenof was fituate ^^ tlK world being varioully ulcd in .Scripture ^ has ""^ '^ ""^ 
 been lome diljiutc. * Doroiheus and t Sophronim of old, and fome later i ,p. 
 
 Writers, place it \njrabia the Happy, not far from tlic FerftanGKlf: but £-v.'«c.r-
 
 28 The Life ^/ ^. P h i l i p the Deacon, &c. 
 
 it's moft generally conceived to be meant of the Jfrican /Ethiopia^ lying 
 under or near the torrid Zone, the People whereof are delcribcd by 
 Homer, to be ti^oi ai/y^wr, the remoteft part of mankind ; and accor- 
 
 (a) Hier. ad dinaly, (^^"^ S.Hierom fays of this Eumch, that he came from ^Ethiopia^xh^X 
 Fmil.Tom. 3. .^^ o^ extremis mundifinihm, from the fartheft corners of the World. Tiie 
 Country is fometimes ftiled Cujch, probably from a mixture ot the Ara- 
 bians w ho inhabiting on the other fide of the Red Sea, might fend over 
 Colonies hither, who fetling in thefe parts, communicated the names of 
 Cujh and Sahaa to them. The manners of the People were very rude 
 and barbarous, and the People themfelves, efpecially to to the 'jem,zovi' 
 Amos 9.7. temptible even to a Proverb ; Are ye not as the children of the ^Ethiopians 
 unto me, children of Ifrael,Jaith the Lord > Nay the very meeting an 
 /Ethiopian was acounted an ill omen, and an unlucky prognofticarion. 
 But no Country is a Bar to Heaven, the grace of God that hnngsjahation 
 plucks up the enclofures, and appears to all; fothat in every Nation, he that 
 feareth (jod andworketh Righteoujnefs,is accepted with him. 
 
 VIII. B U T we cannot reafonably fuppofe that it fliould be meant 
 of /Ethiopia at large, efpecially as parallel at this day with the Abyf- 
 fine Empire, but rather of that part of the Country whofe Metropc 
 
 (DAnnq.-jud. In was called Meroe, and Sala ( as 'tis called both hy{b)JofephM,znd 
 
 i.z.c.yp. 58. the Ahy fines themfelves at this day ) fituate in a large Ifland, encompaf^ 
 
 fed by the Nile, and the Rivers of Ajlapus, and Aflobarra, as Jofephiu in- 
 
 (c) HiftjNat.l. forms us : for about thefe parts it was i^ as (c) Pliny tells us ) that Queens 
 6 C.29.P.105. j^^j ^ j^^g ^^j^g governed under the title o(Candace,z cuftom ( as we rind 
 
 in Strabo) firft commencing in the time oiAuguftus, when a Queen of that 
 name having for her incomparable Vertues been dear to the People, her 
 fucceflbrs in honour of her took the title of Candace, in the feme fenfe 
 that Ttolomy was the common name of the Kings of Egypt, Artaxerxes 
 of the Kings of Perfa, and Ciefar of the Roman Emperours. Indeed 
 
 Oecumenius was of opinion that Candace was on* 
 'I9e'oi'p 077 Kcu'=a<;)c(u; A/siow^f 'sra'^/r \y (fie commoH name of the Oueen-mothers of 
 
 fj£:rr:S%«^Sll'7.1.7ili: ^^t'"^'^^ that Nation not giviii the name of 
 «Ai« ^Moa.(nv, iyJ.T« t /M\-ne^ >»>^v<n Fathers to their Kings, as acknowledging the Sun 
 viii^''^2 ^"""'''"- ^°"""^"*- '" ^'^- only for their Common Father, and then- Prin- 
 ces the Sons of that common Parent. But in this 
 I think he (lands alone, and contradifts the general Vote and Suffrage 
 of the Ancients, which affirms this Nation to have been fubje£V to Wo- 
 
 (d) H.EccU.2. men ; fure I am (</) Eufebius exprefly fays,'twas the cuftom of this Coun- 
 r.i.f. 40. try to be governed by Queens even in his time. The name of the pre- 
 
 fent Queen ( they fay ) was Z.d'c^j/j, Daughter of King 5^ jzd'/?^, and that 
 flie outlived the death of our Saviour four Years. 
 
 IX. AMONG the great Officers of her Court (he had one(if not more ) 
 Eunuch, probably to avoid fufpicion, it being the fafhion of thofe Eaflern 
 Countries (as it ftill is at this day ) to imploy Eunuchs in places of great 
 truft and honour, and efpecially of near accefs to, and attendance upon 
 
 TT^„j ~„ o. r' , f . . Queens. For however among us the very name 
 
 lw'iyei,i^-^u( Hnitg. 'f -sramf, -^ ivof;^uv. lounds Vile and contcmpible, yet in thole Coun- 
 
 *^"°t"'''i'^' ^ , ,. , tries 'tis otherwife, among the i^^/-^/r/jwj ( fays 
 
 ofibm,(£froxtmehmcAbdus,ademfLvn,- tJerodvtus) that IS, the taltcm Pcoplc, Eunuchs 
 
 titMis,iion deffecium id afiidb.irbaros, tdtroq; are pcrfons of the gtcateft cftcem and value. Our 
 
 '"*'^J:tB^::::::^^S£,^^,. ^---^ name ( as we find it in the Confeffion 
 n. XXXII. /■• 543. made by * Zaga Zabo Embaflador from the /Ethn - 
 
 plan
 
 The Life of S. V n I L I v the Deacon, cs:c. 29 
 
 pun Emperor^ was /n///ch; ^rz,-r5 , a potent Courtier, an Olliccr 
 of .State of prime Note and Q^ility, Ixing no Ids than Higli-Trca- 
 furer to the Queen; nor do we ftnd tliat Fhf//p cither at his C on- 
 verfion or liaptifni found fault with him for his place or grcatnefs. 
 Certainly Magiftracy is no ways inconfiflent with Chnflianity, tlie 
 Church and the State may well agree, and Alojcs and .'}aron go liand 
 in liand. Fercr liaptizcd Cornelius, and S. Faut Sergius X.\\c Frocovjul 
 of Cyprus into the Chriflian Faith, and yet neither of them found 
 any more fault with them lor their places of Authority and Power 
 than Phihp did here with the Lord Treafurcr of tlie A'-tlnojpun Queen. 
 For his Religion, he was, if not a F/oJelyfe cf Jujlice (as lome think) 
 Circumcifed , and under an obligation to obferve the Rites and Pre- 
 cepts of the I aw of Mojes, at Icart a Frofehte cf the Gate, ( in w liicli 
 rcfpcft it is that one of the Ancients calls him a Jew) 'entered al- "''^''j^'f."' 
 
 I • II II 1-1 ^1 I vilx/fr.r.H. 
 
 ready mto the knowledge ot tlie true God , and was now come to 
 Jeriijjlem ( propably at the Iblemnity of the Fafsover, or the Feaft of 
 Fentecoft ^ to give public and folemn evidences of this Devotion. 
 Though an jithioputt , and many tlioufand miles difiant from it, 
 though a great Statefman , and necefTarily fwallowed up in a croud 
 of bufinefs, yet he cint: to Jerufalem jor toivorfhtp. No way fo long, fo 
 rugged and ditHcult, no charge or inrereft fo dear and great, as to hinder 
 a good man from minding the concernments of Religion. No flender 
 and triflling pretences, no little and ordinary occafions fliould cxcufe 
 our attendance upon places of public Worlhip ; behold here a man tliat 
 thought not much to take a journey of above four thoufand miles, that 
 he might appear before God in the folemn place of Divine adoration,the 
 place which God hath chojen above all other parts of the World, to place 
 his name there, 
 
 X. HAVING performed his homage and worlhip at the Temple, 
 he was now upon his return for his own Country ; nor had he Ictt his 
 Religion at Church Ix^hmd him, or thought it enough that he had been 
 there ; but improved himfelf while travelling by the way : even while 
 he fate in liis Chariot f as t Chryjojhm obferves ) he read the Scriptures : t i-f<mi!. 1 9 in 
 a good man is not willing to lofe even common minutes, but to redeem rUJ Jnator 
 what time is polliblc tor holyufes; whether fitting or walking, or jour- Ugndtvitutq; 
 nvinc, our thoughts Ihould be at work, and our affe^ions traveiline-^'"'"-''^""/'* 
 
 ' I ill I II «#T eiiam in vehi- 
 
 towards Heaven. While the Eunuch was thus implyed, a Mellcnger cuie/jcrm il- 
 ls fent to him from God : tlie bed way to meet with Divine communi- '/'■" 'i!^"X'' j 
 cations, is to be converfant in our duty. By a voice from Heaven, or pauiiiu T.3.^ 
 fomc immediate infpiration, r/'///y) is commanded to ^0 near the Chariot, p. t. 
 andaddrefs himfelf to him. He did fo, and found liim reading a Se- 
 ction or Paragraph of the Prophet Jfaiah^ concerning the death and fuf- 
 fcrings of the MeftA , his meek and innocent carriage under the bloody 
 and barbarous violences of his enemies, who dealt with him with all 
 cruelty and injufticc. This the Eunuch not well underflanding, nor 
 knowing certainly whctiicr the Prophet meant it of himfelf or another, 
 dcfircd S. Fhilip to explain it ; who being courteoully taken up into his 
 Chariot, (hew cd him that all this was meant of, and had been accom- 
 plilhal in the Ho\yJejus , taking occafion thence to difcourfeto him of 
 his Nativity, his A^lions and Miracles , his SuHerings and RefurrcdHon 
 from the dead, and his Afcenfion into Heaven, declaring to him the 
 whole yv//f/w of the Chriftian Faith. His difcoiu-fe wanted not its de- 
 
 fucd
 
 30 The Life of S.V u\li? the Deacon, &c. 
 
 fired effed; the Eumch was fully fatisfied in the Meffiafl:ip and Div ne 
 Authority of our Saviour, and wanted nothing but the folcmn Rut of 
 Initiation to make him a Chriftian Profelyte. Being come to a place 
 where there was conveniency of Water, he defired that he might I -^ 
 Baptized, and having profelled his Faith in the Son of God,and his heart)' 
 embracing the ChrilHan Religion, they both ivent down into the Wat€i\, 
 where Fhilip Baptized him, and walhed this /Ethiopian white. 
 (a)Annot. in XI. THE placc whcre this£?/««c/7 was Baptized, («) Beza by a very 
 jiB.s.36. ^^,- jg miftake makes to be the River Eleutheria, which ran near the Foot 
 of Mount Lehanon in the mod Northern Borders of Fuleji/fie^qxxite at the 
 
 (b) Defcrip. other end of the Country : (b) Brocard places it near Nehel Efcol, or the 
 Terr. Sand. J orient of the Grape, the place whence the Spies fetched the bunch of 
 t-m.^^o. Qj-jp^j. Q^ fj^e lefi; fi(je of which Valley about half a League runs a 
 
 Brook not far from Skelech, in which this Eunuch was Baptized. But 
 
 (c) Eufeb. de (^c^ Eufehhis and ( eTjS.Hierom ( followed herein by (e) Ado the Marty rogiji) 
 vcc. E^/j'/f. more probably place it near Bethjoron, (where we are told (/) it is ftill to 
 ji.66. be feen at this day 'a Village twenty miles diftant from Jerujalem in the way 
 ^foc ^eirfn between it and Hebron, near to which there was a Spring bubling up at 
 z-oi Befur. the foot of a Hill. S. Hierom adds, that it was again Iwallowed up in 
 mxtid^'T' ^^^ fame ground that produced it, and that here it was that S.Ph/lipBa^- 
 (f)Cot(mcJtm. tized the Ethiopian. Which was no fooner done, but Heaven fet an ex- 
 /.2.e.9.;.247. traordinary feal to his Converfion and Admiflion into the Chriftian 
 
 Faith, efpecially if it be true what fome very ancient ManHfcripts add 
 ,.,,,, , _, , to the paflage, that being Baptized,/'/'^ Holy Ghofi 
 
 4?^'St'^^STpr;:T*';^^: f^^i -po\ ^-'-. furniniing him with miraculous 
 mv. Cod. Aiexand. in Bibi. Reg. Angi. gifts and powers, and that S. Philip was imme- 
 aiiiquepiures Codd. Mss. diately fnatched away from him. 
 
 XII. THOUGH tht Eunuch had loft his Tutor, yet he rejoiced that 
 he had found fo great a treafure, the knowledge of Chrift, and of the 
 true way to Heaven, and he went on his journey with infinite Peace and 
 Tranquility of mind, fatisfied with the happinefs that had befallen 
 him. Being returned into his Country, he preached and propagated 
 the Chriftian Faith, and fpread abroad the glad tidings of a Saviour : 
 MCmiMEfai. ^^ ^""'^^^^^ refpect {g)S.Hierom ftiles him the ApoJHe of the Ethiopians, and 
 53.T.5.fi95.'(/0 Ancients generally make that predidion of David fijlfilled in him, 
 [h) Eufib.H. Ethiopia jhallftretch out her hands unto God; and hence the Ethiopians are 
 Cyrii^Cau^T wont to glory ( as appears by the (i) Co«feftion made by the Abyffin Em- 
 xvii. y.457. baflador ) that by means of this Eunuch they received Eaptifm almoft the 
 JiufufBT^ov.^"^^ of any Chriftians in the World.Indeed they have a conftant tradition 
 vbijufr. vid. that for many Ages they had the knowledge of the true God of Ijrael, 
 hifAb'fnnri ^""^"^ ^^^ ^^"^ °^ ^^^ Queen of Sheba ( and^fAr being the name of this 
 j.'iSf 113. "' Country , as we noted before, makes it probable ihe might govern 
 here ) her name ( they tell us ) was Maqueda, who having learnt from 5o- 
 ^ww? the knowledge of the jffH7/^Law,and received the Books of their 
 •o'lReligion, taught them her Subjefts, andfent her Son Meilech toSolorr.on 
 . - onto be inftrufted and educated by him; the Story whereof may be read in 
 tliat ConfeHion more at large. I add no more concerning the Eunuch 
 , - than what (i-)Doro?^/'mt and others relate, that he is reported to have fuf- 
 f.frSe^iL ^^'^^'^ Martyrdom, and to have been honourably buried, and that difea- 
 Sofhruif.Hier. fcs Were curcd, and other miracles done at his Tomb even in his time, 
 XiUfGoimu ^^^^ Traditions of the Country more particularly tell us, that the Eu- 
 iocx!t.}.:u7.' »'*<^^^ being returned iiome, firft converted his Miftrefs Candace to the 
 
 Chriftian
 
 Va 
 
 Ihc Life ^/ ^. P H I L I p the Denton, Cxc. 3 1 
 
 Cliriflian Kaitli, and afterwards by her leave propagated it througlmut 
 ^Kthiopi.i^ till meeting with S. ;l/./;//ru the Apollle, by their jc::iiL!:Jea- 
 vours they ex|>elled Idolatry out of all thole parts. Whicii done, lie 
 crolled the Red bea, and preached the Chrillian Religion in Arahi.i, 
 rerjt.i^Intl:a^^\\<\ many of otlicr tliofe KaAern Naiions, tdl at kngth in 
 tlicKland 7w/'/-4;/'.;/;tf, lincc called Cc-//w/, he kaled his Doctrine wuh his 
 blood. 
 
 XI If. GOD, who always affords wiiat is fufUcient, is not wont to mul- 
 tiply means larther than is nccellary. I'htltp having done the errand 
 upon u Inch he was fent, was immediately caught and carried aw ay, 
 no doubt by the minillry of an Angel, and landed at Azotus, anciently 
 Ajhdod^sSiyhtliHin City in the borders of the Tribe ot A/w, famous of 
 old for the Temple and refidcnce in it of the Idol/).;gow, and the capti- 
 vity of the Ark kept tor fome time in this place, and now enlightni.d 
 with S. Phiitps preaching, who w ent up and down publilhing the (iofpel 
 in all the parts hereabouts till he arrived at Co'Jjre.r. This C ity was 
 heretofore called Jurn^ Str.itio»L<, and afterwards rebuilt and enlarged 
 by //fW theG/rj/-, and in honour of AuguJliuCtrJ-n, to whom he was 
 greatly obliged, by him called Cajarej ; for whofefake alfo he creffcd 
 in it a Uately palace of Marble, called 1 lerod\ Jufi^went-IJ.ill, \\ herein 
 his Nephew ambitious of greater honours and acclamations than became 
 him, had that tatal execution ler\'ed upon him. It was a place remark- 
 able for many devout and pious men; here dwelt Conielim, who toge- 
 ther with his Family, being baptized by Peter, was in that relpei^!: the 
 ilrfl fruits of the Gentile World: hither came ^_^.;^/j the Prophet, who 
 foretold S.F.iul his imprifonment and martyrdom: here S.I\inl himfelf 
 was kept prifoner, and made thofe brave and generous Apologies for 
 himfelf, firft l>et'ore /-W/x, as afterwards before /f//i/) and Agiipp^i. Here 
 alfo OUT ^.Philip had hisHoufe and Family, to which probably he now 
 retired, and where he fpent the remainder of his life : for here many 
 years after uc find S. Paul and his company, coming from Ptolem.m 
 in their journey to Jerufalem, entering into the houje vf I'hiltpthe Evunge- A(5t.2i.8,f. 
 ////, n-hich iViU one of theJeven^andabidiHg n it h them; and the janie nun hud 
 four Djughters, I'lrgins, which did prophefie. Thefe Virgin-Prophetclles 
 were endowed with the gift of foretelling future events ; for though 
 proplufie in thofc times implied alfo a faculty of explaining the more 
 abftrufe and difficult parts of the Cluillian Doctrine, and a peculiar abi- 
 lity todemonQrateChrift's Mefiajhip from the predidtions of Mrjes and 
 the Prophets, and to exprefs themfelves on a fudden upon any difficult 
 and emergent occafion , yet can we not fuppofe thefe \'irgins to have 
 had this part of the prophetic facult)', or at lead that they did not pub- 
 licly exercife it in the Congregation. This therefore unqueflionably 
 rcfpcdled things to come, and was an inflanceof God's accoinpliihing an 
 ancient promili:, that in the times of the j^lejiu, he \\ou\d pour cut /fAA.2.f;,ii, 
 hn Spirit upon all fie (h, on their fons^ind daughters, Jervants and handina/dens, 
 and they fhould prpphefw. The names of two of thefe daughters the Greek 
 AL-na-oM tells us wliere Hcmuone and Eutychu, who came into Aha after 
 S. 7o/'«'s death, and the firft of them died, and was buried at //•/•(•////. 
 
 XI\\ HOW long .S. Philip lived after his return toCif/.;/r.;,and whe- 
 ther he made any more excurfions for the propagation of the Faith, is • SiwtfJet',r. 
 not certainly known. * Dorotheits, I know not upon what ground, will Aff-Uccuit. 
 
 have
 
 3 2 Th Life ^/ S. P h i l i p the Deacon, &c. 
 
 (b) Poitcrat.ap. have him to have been Bijhop of TrazelHsy a City in Afia : {F) others con- 
 Eufib.t s.c.^i- founding him with S. Ph/iip the Apoftle, make him refident at Hierapo- 
 pV'af/.'/t.;.io3 /iy in Vhrjgia: where he fuffcred Martyrdom, and was buried ( fay 
 {c)Man.t{om. ^^^^^y ^ fogcthcr with his Daughters. Mod probable it is that he died 
 s^9.Miror^' a peaceable Death at Cafarea, where his Daughters were alio buried, as 
 i4^ow.vni./i.fome ancient (c) Martyrologies inform us ; where his Houfe and the 
 ?i; H»>r apartments of his Virgin-Daughters were yet to be feen in ( e/ ) St. Hi- 
 Efitap[>'. Paul, eroms time, vifited and admired by the Noble and Religious Roman Lady 
 AdEujiocLT. p^i^i^ in her journey to the Holy Land. 
 
 The Encf of S.V Hit I V's Life. 
 
 THE
 
 T 
 -> 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S.BARNABAS 
 
 APOSTLE. 
 
 S. BARNABAS APOKT' Ills. \ 
 
 His Sirnjme Jofcs. The title of Barnabas whence added to hint. //« 
 Country jnd Parents, //is Education and Converfion to Chrijlijnity. 
 Hts generous Charity, S. PaulV addrefi to him after his Converjion, f/is 
 
 F Cont'
 
 34 Tfe LJfe /?f S. B A R N A B A s /:k Afojik. 
 
 Commijfion to confirm the Church of Antioch. His taking S. Paul wto kis 
 afijlance. Their being fetit with contributions to the Church at Jerufalem. 
 Their peculiar feparation for the Miniflry of the Gentiles. Jmpofiion vf 
 hands the ufual Rite of Ordination. Tl.'eir travels through fcverat Coun'- 
 tries. Their fuccefs in Cyprus. Barnabas at Lyftra taken for /upiter, 
 and why. Their return to Antioch. Their Emhajfy to Jerufalem about 
 the controverfie concerning the legal Rites. Bamahzs feduced by Pctcr'i- 
 diftmidation at 'AnUoch. The diffenfion between him and S. Paul. Bar- 
 nabas his journey to Cyprus. His voyage to Rome, and preaching the 
 Chriftian Faith there. His Martyrdom by the Jews in Cyprus. Hjs 
 Burial. His body when firjl dijcovered. S. Matthew's Hebrew Gofpel 
 found with it. The great privileges hereupon conferred upon the See of 
 Salamis. A defcription of his perfon and temper. The Epiflle ancient- 
 ly publtfhed under his name. The defign of it. The pra'clical part 
 of it excellently managed under the two iv.iys of Light and Dark' 
 nejs. 
 
 I. Ir^^T^^^^^l H E proper, and ( if I may fo term It ) original 
 
 name of this Apoflle ( for with that title S. Luke^ 
 and after him the Ancients conftantly honour 
 him ) was Jofes, by a fofter termination familiar 
 with the Greeks for Jojeph, and fo the King's, and 
 feveral other Manuiicript Copies read it. It was 
 the name given him at his Circumcifion, in ho- 
 nour no doubt of Jofeph , one of the great Pa- 
 triachs of their Nation , to which after his embracing Chnftianity, 
 the Apoflles added that of Barnabas ; Jofes^ who by the Apofles was Ju- 
 named Barnabas^ either implying him a Son of Prophejte^ eminent for 
 
 his prophetic giits and endowments, or denoting 
 
 Kcu Mh (Ml -iw -f a.fini «A»?4ca< to him ( wliat was a peculiar part of the Prophets 
 
 ChSbtr^mrSiriaAl^^^ OiEce ) . son of Confolat^on, for his admirable 
 
 dexterity in erefting troubled minds, and leading 
 Vid. Notker. them on by the moft mild and gentle methods of perfuafion : though I 
 ^Jimijpi^a-' *"2ther conceive him fo ftiled for his generous charity in refrefhing the 
 nif. Antiq. howcls of the Saint s ; efpecially fince the name feems to have been im- 
 Len.iam.d. pofed upon him upon that occafion. He was born in Cyprus., a noted 
 Ifland in the Mediterranean Sta^ lying between C/Z/cWj^^y/vj, and is/>)^/ ; 
 a large and fertile Country, the Theatre anciently of no lefs than nine 
 feveral Kingdoms, {o fruitful and richly furniihed with all things tliat 
 can minifter either to the neceflity, or pleafure of mans life, that it was 
 of old called Macaria, or The Happy ; and the Hiftorian reports, that 
 L.F!orjib.^. Portias CiT/o having conquered this Ifland, brought hence, greater trea- 
 C-9-M7- fures into the Exchequer at Rome, than had been done in any other tri- 
 umph. But in nothing was it more happy, or upon any account more 
 memorable in the Records of the Church, than that it was tlie Birth- 
 place of our Apoflle, whofe Anceftors in the troublefome times of ^;;- 
 tipchiis 'Epiphanes, or irt the Conqueft of Judaa by P.ompey and the Roman 
 Army, had fled over hither ( as a place befl: fecured from Violence and In- 
 vafion ) and fetled here. 
 
 II. H E was dcfcended of the Tribe of Levi., and the line of thePriell- 
 hood, which rendred his Converfion to Chriftianity the more remarka- 
 ble, all interefls concurring to leaven him with mighty prejudices againll 
 
 tlic
 
 Jh Life ofS. B .\ K N A n A s the A/wfl/r. 35 
 
 thcC'hriflim Faith. Ikit the [^racc of God dflijj;hts many times to exert 
 it ll-lt ag;unll rhc nroii^L-ll upiiofitujii, and lo.cv to com-iucr, wlicrc 
 there is leaft prolKibiUty to overcome. Hii P.uents were rich and pious, 
 and iindin*! himaUautiful and hdpcful voiith { laNsmy * Author, deri- '^t^f''^' 
 vingliisiniellii;<-nce concernuig liim, as he tells Wi^iromC/cmfns ot .-Ifc- sBjnukimcr 
 x.ifu/i/.j, andi)ther ancient Writers) they fent, orbfouglif him xojeru-'"-'* s. su 
 J'Jem^ to he trained up in the Knowledge ot the Law, and to tliat ^^nf^'j'l'Jdjwi^!^\ 
 cominittcd him to the tutorage o to. ;///.;//£•/, the great Dovitor of tlieLaw,/i7o- v,lil>. 
 and moll lamous Mailer at that time in Jjr.ui^ at w hole boot he was "+'5'*- 
 brought up together with S. J\im/ ; whicli it fo, might by an early toun- 
 dationot' that intimate lamiliarity that was afterwards between them. 
 Here he improved in learning and piety, frequenting the Temple, and 
 devoutly exercil'ing himleit in Fafling and Prayer. We are turther ''''•^-"- 7- 
 told, iliat being a trequent Spectator ofour Saviours miracles, and among 
 tiierert, of his curing the Paralitic at the Pool of Bctbejd.i^ he was loon 
 convinced of his DivHiity, and perfuaded to deliver up liimfelf to his 
 difcipline and inllitutions : ami as the n.iture of true goodnefs is ever 
 communicative, he prefenti) went and acquainted his Sifter i^/jry with 
 the noticeof iheiVf///./, who hallned to come to him, and importuned 
 him to come home to her houfe, where our Lord alterwanls (as rhc 
 ( luirch continued to do after his deccafc ) w as wont to allemble with 
 his Difciples, and that her Son .'l/./r/- was that>w/«g wjw, who bore the Mark 14. 13. 
 Pitcher of Water, whom our Lord commanded the two Difciples to fol- 
 low home, and there prepare for tlie celebration of thePallbver. 
 
 III. HUT however that was hedoubtlefs continued with our Lord to 
 the laft,and after his Afcenfion ftood fair to be chofen one of the twelve, 
 if it be true, what is generally taken for granted,thoughl think without 
 
 any realbn, ichnfojlom I am lure enters hisdilTent ) that lie is the fame ^ Loc.fupr.cit. 
 
 uith Jpje-ph called H^rfahas^ who was put candidate with Matthias for 
 
 the Ajxiflolatc in the room of Jueldi. However that he was one of the 
 
 LW. * C/cme»s .Ucwwdrimis exprcfly affirms, as others do after him. •s^rowi./.a/, 
 
 Andwiien the neccllities of the Church daily increafing, required more A'o.Eufeh.n. 
 
 than ordinary fupplies, he according to the tree and noble fpirit of thofefl^'-^^c^,^. 
 
 Times, having Lands of good \a\uc, JoU them ,u/r/ /.lir/ the money ,it the H^f^.i.y.chro. 
 
 JpoJJles feet. If it be enquired \\o\v d, Le-cite came by Lands and Pof- '<''*f''.5- 53°- 
 
 felTions, when the Alojak Law allowed them no particular portions, 
 
 but what were made by public provifion, it needs no other anlwerthan 
 
 to fup}x)fe ih.it this F.flate was iiis Patrimonial Inheritance in Cyprus, 
 
 where the Jew ilhConftitutions did not take place; and furely an tllatc 
 
 it was of very confidcrable value, and the parting with it a greater ciia- 
 
 rity than ordinary, othcrwifethe facred Hiftorian would not have made 
 
 fuch a particular remark concerning it. 
 
 IV. THE C'.hurcli lx;ing difiH.rfed up and down after S. .S/t'/'/r«'s 
 Martyrdom, we have no certain account w hat became of him, in all pro- 
 lubility heftaid with the Apoftlesat Jerujj/e/n, where we find hiin not 
 long alter S. /\;«/"s C'onvcrfion. For that fierce and a^fivc Ze.i/or Ixrinc; 
 miraculoully taken ollin the height of his rage and tury, and putting 
 on now the innocent and inollenfivetcmperof al amb, came after fomc 
 little time to Jeiuf.u'tm, and addrelledhimfelf to the Church. Hut they 
 not fatisfied in the re-ality of his cliange, and tearing it might Ik: nothing 
 but a fubtle artifice to betray them, univerfally ihunned his company ; 
 and wlut wondcrif thcharmlefs Sheep tied at'tliefight of the Wolf that 
 
 F i had
 
 3^ The Life ^/S. B a r n a b a s the Apoftle. 
 
 had made lUch havoc of the Flock : till Ban!al>as prefuming probably 
 upon his former acquaintance, entered into a more lamiliar converle 
 with him introduced him to the Apoftlcs, and declared to them the 
 manner of his Converfion, and what fignal evidences he had given of it 
 zxDamafcm in his bold and refolute Difputations with the 7^!--.,-. 
 
 V. THERE is'tbat fcattereth, and yet hicreajeth : the difperfion of 
 the Church by Siwh Perfecution proved the means of a more plentiful 
 harvcft, the Chriftian Religion being hereby on all hands conveyed 
 both to Jews and Gentiles. Among the reft fome Cjprian and Cyreitean 
 Converts went to Antmh;xh.Qre they preached the Gofpel with mighty 
 fuccefs; great numbers both oljem and Profelytes ^^wherewith that Ci- 
 ty did abound ) heartily embracing the Chnllian Faith. The news 
 whereof coming to the Apoftles at Jeruju/em, they fent down Barnabas 
 to take an account of it, and to fettle this new Plantation. Being come 
 he rejoiced to fee that Chriftianity had made fo iair a progrefs in that 
 great City, earneftly preiTing them cordially and conftantly to perfevere 
 in that excellent Religion which they had entertained; himfelf like a 
 pious and a good man undergoing any labours and difficulties ; which 
 God was pleafed to crown with anfw erable fuccefs, the addition of mul- 
 titudes of new Converts to the Faith. But the work was too great to 
 be managed by a fingle hand: to furnifli himfelf therefore with fuitable 
 .-. - alTiftance, he went to larjus^ to enquire for S. /'W lately come thither. 
 Him he brings back with him to Antiocb, where both of themconti^ 
 ■ nued induftrioufly miniflring to the increafe and eftabliihment of the 
 Church for a whole year together ; and then and there it was that the 
 Difciples of the Holy Je/M had the honourable name of Cbnjiians firft 
 folemnly fixed upon them. 
 
 VI. IT hapned about this time, or not long after, that a fevere famine 
 ( foretold by .-^gahiii a Cbriju.Di Frvpbet that came down to Antiocl})^tt{- 
 fed upon the Provinces of the Roman Empire, and efpecially Judoca, 
 whereby the ChrilVians, whofe eftates were exhaufted by their conti- 
 nual contributions for the maijitenance of the Poor, were reduced to 
 great extremiti'es. The Church of Antioch compallionating their mife- 
 rable cafe, agreed upon a liberal and charitable fupply for their relief, 
 which they intrufted with Barnabas and Paul^ whom they fent along 
 with it to the Governours of the Churches, that they might difpofe it 
 as neceflity did require. This charitable Embalhe the Greek Rituals no 
 Ritaul Gr^cor doubt refpeft, when in the Office at the Promotion of the Magnus Oe- 
 tnfromot. Oe- conomus^ orHigh Steward of the Church ; whofe place it was to manage 
 cmom.f.2%1. and difpofe the Churches Revenues i they make particular mention of 
 tbe Holy and moft famous BarnahiU tbe Apoftle, and generous Martyr. Ha- 
 ving difcharged their truft, they returned back from Jerujalem to An- 
 Ad 12.25 tioct.\ bringing along with them Jobn fnnamed Mark, the fon of Mary, 
 fiftcr to Barnabai, whofe houfe was the fanftuary , where the Church 
 found both flielter for their perfons, and conveniency for the folemnities 
 of their Worfliip. 
 
 VII. THE Church of Antiocb being now fufficiently provided of 
 fpiritual Guides,our two Apoftles might be the better fpared for the con- 
 verfion of the Gentile World. As they were therefore engaged in the 
 duties of Fafting and Prayer, and other public exercifes of tiieir Reli- 
 gion, the vSpirit of God by fome prophetic Afflatus or revelation made 
 to fome of the Prophets there prefcnt, commanded tiiat Barnabas and 
 
 Said
 
 The Life ^/S. B a r n a b a s the Apojlle. ^ 7 
 
 Saul ihould be fet apart to that peculiar Minifiry , to which God had 
 dcfigncd them. Accordingly having falUd and prayed, h.inrls were Ib- 
 lemnly /Wupon them, to denote their particular defigiution to that 
 lervice. Imiwfition ot hands had been a ceremony ot ancient date. 
 Kven among the GemiUi they were wont to defign perfons to public 
 FuniHons and Offices by lifting up, or Urerchingoutthe hand, whereby 
 they gavetlieir V'otesand iiutlrages for thofc imploymcnts. But herein 
 though they did yf<e?'oif<i',y//-£'/'c/'/(;r//', they did not Li\ c» ticir t\infli; 
 which was the proper Ceremony in ul'e, and ol far greater ilanding in 
 the Jeivtjh ( hurch. When Mcjes made clioice of t\\c Jevf»ty PAAers to be 
 hill Co-adjutors in tiie Government, it was (fay theje'irj ^ by laying his 
 hands upontlicm: and when he conftitutetl Jojhua to be his Succeilor 
 he laid hn \:.\»(h on him^ and ^./ir /'//w the charge hefore all the Canvrev.i- 
 tion. This cullom they conllantly kept in apjxjinting both Civil and 
 Ecclefiaflical Officers, and tlwt nor only while their Temple and Polity 
 flood, but long atter the iall of their Church and Mate. Kor lo ' ticH-'^^^'-^^tT^- 
 jamnt the Jnv tells us, that in his time all the IJrael/tes of the £.7//,when 
 they wanted a Hahbin or Teacher in their Synagogues, were wont to 
 bring him to the rv'T'in ti'Ki as they call him tlie Aiyfy^AwTop^y*, or 
 He.xdof the Captivity^ refiding at Baljlon, (at that timt'li. Dan/el the fon 
 of Hajdat ) tliat he might receive oiwii nj'co power by mpnfitioH 
 of hands to become Preacher to them. From the 7'"'f it \^as together 
 with fomeotlier Rites transferred into the C hriftian Church, m ordain- 
 ing Guides and Miniflers of Religion, and has been fo ufed through all 
 Ages and Periods to this day. Though the ;>'f<ep^<na and the >-«£^oc/« 
 are not of equal extent in the writings and pra.lice ot the Church; 
 the one implymg the bare Rite of laying on ot hands, whde the other 
 denotes Ordination it lelt, and the intirc lolemnity of thca<^hon. Whence 
 the f Apojiolical CoMjlituf or fjx^kingof the Frewyters inttrcd in this zf- -fub.s.c.ii. 
 fair, dys ^t^yt^d « ^lepTorrt, he lays on his hands, but he docs not or- "'•494- 
 daiM ; meaning it of the Cuftom then, and ever fince, of Presbyters lay- 
 ing on their hands together with the lUlhopin that folemnaflion. 
 
 Vnr. BARNABAS and Paul having thus received a divine Com- 
 mifllon for the Apofllelhipof the Gentiles^ and taking M.irk along with 
 them as their Miniftcr and attendant, immediatel}' entered upon the 
 Province. And firl\ they betook theml'elves to Seleucia. a neighbour 
 City featcd upon the inllux of the River Orontes'xnto the Mediterranean 
 Sea: hence they fet fail tor Cv/Jr/zj, Bar».d>MS Native Country, and arri- 
 ved at SalamK, a City heretofore of great account, the ruins thereof 
 arc two miles diftant from the prefent t'amagujia^ uhere they undaunted- 
 ly preached in the Tewilh Synagogues. From SaLmau they travelled 
 up the Illand to Faphos , a ( ity remarkable of old for the Worlhip of 
 f\>iui^ Diva potensCypri^thctutehr Goddelsof the Illand, who \\;is here 
 worfhipjK'd with the mod wanton and immodetl Rites, and had a famous 
 Temple dedicated to her tor that purjwte, concerning which the Inhabi- 
 fant'>have a* Tradition that at S. Barh.ibai his Prayers it fell flat to the *Cotn%c.UiM. 
 ground ; and the ruins of an ancient Church are (lilllhewed toTravellers, ''-f'^f*'" 
 and under it an .Arch,whercFj«/and Barnaluii were thut up in Prifon. At 
 this place was the Court or Refidcnce of the Frator^ or Prefident of the 
 Illand (not properly ' hrZ-j'^.-rxl ^-^ the Froconlul^ (or C\pru.( was not a 
 ProcohJuLr but a Frxtorian Province) who being altogether guided by 
 the counfcls an forccries of Bar-Jefus, an eminent Magician, llood oti 
 
 from
 
 38 The Life ^/S. B A R N A B A s the Apoftk. 
 
 from the Propofals of Chridianity, till the ALig/chu/ being flruck by 
 S. P^iul with immediate blindnefs for his maUcious oppofition of the 
 Gofpel, this quickl)' determined the Governours belief, and brought 
 him over a Convert to tl.i.at Religion, which as it made the bell; offers, 
 io he could riot but fee had theflrongefl; evidences to attend it. 
 
 IX. LEAVING Cyprus, they failed over to Ferga in Famphili.i^ famous 
 Act 13.13. |-Qj. .^•j'cniplec<f£>A7»j; here ALvk weary it feems of this itinerant courfe 
 
 of life , and the unavoidable dangers that attended it, took his leave 
 and returned to Jernjalem, whicli laid the foundation of an unhappy 
 difference, that broke cut between thefe two Apoftles afterwards. 
 The next place they came to '•n^s A»t /och in Fijidiii^ where in the y^;!//^ 
 Synagogue S. /'.?«/ by an elegant Oration converted great numbers 
 botli of Jews and Pmjelytes^ but a perfccution being raifed by others, 
 tJiey were forced to defert the place. Thence they palled to Icomum^ 
 a noted City of Lycaonia, wliere in the Synagogues they preached a 
 ^ long time with good fuccefs, till a corifpiracy being made againfl: them, 
 they withdrew to Lyjha , tlie inhabitants whereof upon a miraculous 
 cure done by S.FW, treated them as ^^Arf'jr come down from Heaven in 
 human ihape, S.raiil as being principal Speaker, they termed I\ler- 
 cuiy, the interpreter of the gods ; Barnabas they looked upon as Jupiter ^ 
 (t) Homil ^^^^^ fovereign deity, cither becaufe of his Age, (as (^a')ChryfoJiom 
 iiXX.tnAc}. thinks ) becaufe he was a.^ t o^^&ij It^to-urpe'mi, for the gravity and come- 
 Jfp. f.-^6i. linefsof hisperfon, being ( as antiquity reprefents him ) a very goodly 
 man, and of a venerable afpeft, wherein he had infinitely the advantage 
 of S. Fan!^ who was of a very mean and contemptible prefence. But 
 tlie malice of die Jews purfued tliem hither , and prevailed with the 
 People to ftone S. Pan/, who prefently recovering , he and Barnabas 
 went to Derle, where when they had converted many to the Faith, 
 they returned back to Lyjlra, Iconium, and Antioch, and fo thiough Fi- 
 jid'ia to Fampbylia, tlience from Ferga to Attalia, confirming as they 
 came back the Churches which they had planted at their firfl: going 
 out. At Attalia they took Ship, and failed to Antioch in Syria^o. place 
 whence they had firfl; fet out, where they gave the Churcli an account 
 of the whofe fuccefs of their travels, and what way was made for the 
 propagation of CJirifhanity in the Gf «///£■ World. 
 
 X. T H E reftlefs enemy of all goodnefs was vexed to fee fo fair and 
 fmooth a progrefs of the Gofpel, and therefore refolved to attempt it by 
 the old fubtle arts of intefline divifions and animofities : what the e>i- 
 •vious man could not ftifle by open violence, he fought to choke by 
 
 Ad. 15 I fowing A7r«. Some zealous Converts coming down irom 7f/-«/i7/fw to 
 Atitwcl.\ flartedthis notion, which they aflerted with all poHible zeal 
 and ftiffnefs , that unlefs together with the Chriftian Rehgion they 
 joined the obfervance of the Mojaic Rites, there could be no hopes of 
 lalvation for them. Paul and Barnabas oppofed themfelves againfl this 
 heterodox opinion with all vigour and fmartnefs, but not able to beat 
 it down, were difpatchedby theCliurcli toadvifewith the Apoftlesand 
 Brethren at Jerujalem about this matter. Whether they were no fooncr 
 come, but they were kindly and courteoully entertained, and the r/ght 
 kinfl of fe//ow/h/p ^^wvn them by the three great Apoftles, Peter, James, 
 and John, and an agreement made between them, that wiicre-ever they 
 came, they Ihould betake themfelves to the Jews, wliile Paul and Bar- 
 nabas applied themfelves unto the GeHt'iles. And licrc proliably it was 
 
 that
 
 The Life ofS.BM^KAHAsthe Apojlle. 3^ 
 
 • 4'-. 
 
 I r. 
 
 that Ahrk reconciled himfclf to his Uncle ^./rwj/,/', which * one tells Us, 
 he (Jit! with tears anil great importunity, earneflly begging him to for-", 
 give his wcaknefs and cowardice, and promilmg for the tuture a firmer " "' 
 conflaiicy and more undaunted rclblution. Ikit they were el'pcciaily care- 
 ful to mind the great alfair the) were lent about, and accordingly opened 
 tliecafc in a i)ublic Council convened tor that iHir|X)le. And I'etfr Jia- 
 ving firfl given his fentence, that the (jcHtiUiSxinvQrxs were under no 
 fuch obligation, /'.;«/ and H.ir>:.ilhi\ acquainted tlie Synod ^^ liat great 
 things God by their Miniflry had wrought tor the converfioii ot the 
 6Vw///cy,a plain evidence that they were acceptexl by (j(xl without the 
 Alvj.tic Rites and CxTcmonies. The matter being decided by the Coun- 
 cil, the determination was draun up into the torm ot" a Synodical Kpi- 
 ille, which was delivered to i^.;r«.;A;> and y'.j/</, to whom the Council 
 gave this elo^inm and character, that they were men that had l.azarded 
 their lives for the n.w.e of theLordJijtu Chrijl^ with whom tliey joyned 
 two of their own, that they might carry it to the Churches. I'eingcome 
 to Antio.h they delivered the Decrtxs of the Council, where'Aith the 
 Church was abundantly fatistied, and the controvertic tor the prcfcnt 
 laid aflecp. 
 
 XI. IT was not long after this, that.S. /V/c/- came doun to Antioch^dlz. 
 who loth to exafperate the zealous Jews, withdrew all convcrfe with 
 the Gentile Converts, contrary to histbrmer praiUcc, and his late vote 
 and futTrage in the Synod at Jern/jlem. The minds of the Gentiles were 
 greatly dilturbed at tliis,and the Convert Jews tempted by his example, 
 abftain from all communion with the Gentiles; nay, fo ftrong was the 
 temptation, that S. /^jrM.;^^' lumfelf was carried down the ftrcam, and 
 began now to fcruple, whether it was lawful to hold communion \s ith 
 the Ccv;///c-y, with whom Ik tore he had fo familiarly converled, and been 
 lb eminently inftrumental in their converfion to Chriflianity. So pre- 
 valent an influence has the example of a great or a good man to deter- 
 mine others to what is good or bad. How careful Ihould we be wliat 
 courfe we take, left we leduce and comixl others to walk in our crooked 
 paths , and load our felves with the guilt of thofe that follow after 
 us ? S. r^iul Ihortly after propounded to Bjr>uhi that the}- might agaia 
 vifit the Churches wherein they had lately planted the Chriftian Faith: 
 he liked the motion, but defired his Coufin M,irk might again go along 
 with them, which S. Paul would by no means confent to, having found 
 by his cowardly dcferting them at I\imph\l/j, how unfit he was tor fuch 
 a troublefome and dangerous fervice. Tliis begat a tharp conteft, and 
 ri|x:ned intoalmoft an irreconcilable ditlerencc between thefe two holy 
 men. Which as at once it thews, that the beft are men of likepafions and 
 infirmities \\ ith others, fubjeel to be tranfjwited with partiality, and 
 carried of] with the heats of an irregular pallion , fo it lets us fee how 
 ^rejt a matter a Uttle fire kindlei^znd how inconfiderablean occafion may 
 miniftcrtoftrite and divifion, and hazard the breach ot the firmeft cha- 
 rity and friendlhip. The ilfue was that the id {'tu^ @- ttj /f^p '■ ( a t Thee- t Cmmmt. in 
 floret ftilcsthele two AjKjftles ) tWisJ.icrr^ pjir^ that had hitherto equally £/•"•■/ 35- 
 and unanimoufly drau n the Yoke of tlieGof^x.!, now drew leveral u ays, '^' 
 and in fome dilcontent parted from each other ; vS. Paul taking S//(U 
 Went to the Churches of 5vr/.j and Ciluia^ while Bamah.u accompnicd 
 with hisCioufin y)/.jr/- fet fail tbrr»/"i/j,hisown Country. 
 
 Xil. THUS far the facrcd Hiftorian has tor the main gpnc before
 
 ^o The Life of S. B a kn ab as the Apofile. 
 
 us, who here breaks off his accounts concerning him. What became of 
 (a)Doroth.Sy- him attcrwards we are left under great uncertainty, (a) Dorotheus and 
 mpfBibi. PP. j.|^g i^P) Author of the Recognitions, and fomc other Writings attributed to 
 Tow^3.p.i48. ^^^i^^^g^j^_^ makes him to have been at Rome, and one of the firfl that 
 [bXeco^Jib. preached the Chriftian Faith in that City ; for which (c) Baronius falls 
 \dit'pm° foul upon them, not being willing that any fliould be thought to have 
 j672.c/«w»- been there before S. /"^/f/-, though after him (and 'tis but good manners 
 tin.Homil.i.c. j-q igj; hirn go firfl ) he is notunwiUing to grant his being there. Lea- 
 Epn. '^df.Geft. ving theretorc the difference in point of time, let us fee what we find 
 B. Pen. c.T.tb. there concerning him. At his firft arrival there about Autumn he is faid 
 t'?l^' J thus publicly to have addrelled himfelf to the People, ^hvipa '?c,^u-^aoi 
 yinn.^i.n.^2. axrait. " O yc Romans give ear. The Son or God has appeared in 
 54. not. ad « j.|^g Country of Judaa, promifing eternal life to all that are wilUng 
 i^ar^r. Rom. ^^ ^^ embrace it, and to lead their lives according to the will of tlie Fa- 
 " ther that fent him. Wherefore change your courfe of life, and turn 
 " from aworfe to a better flate, from things temporal tothofe that are 
 " eternal. Acknowledge that there is one only God, who is in Hea- 
 " ven, and whofe world you unjuffly poflefs before his righteous face. 
 " But if you reform, and live according to his I aws, you ihallbe tran- 
 *' flated into another World, where you ihall become immortal, and 
 *' enjoy the ineffable glories and happinefs of that flate. Whereas if 
 *' you perfift in your infidehty, your fouls after the diflblution of tliefe 
 " bodies, fliall be call into a place of flames , where they lliall be eter- 
 " nally tormented under the anguifh of an unprofitable and too late 
 *' Repentance. For the prefent life is to every one the only fpace 
 " and feafon of repentance. This was fpoken with great plainnefs and 
 fimplicity, and without any artificial Schemes of Speeeh, and accordmg- 
 \y took with the attentive populacy: while the Philofophers and 
 more inquifitive heads entertained the difcourfe with fcorn and laughter, 
 (this indeed the {d) Author of the Td KAnji^^'Tia, and the (f) Epitome ripa- 
 {d)ckmmjk\iaiv, fomewhat differenly from the Recognitions, refers to his being at 
 c. 8,9,10. Alexandria^ fetting upon him with captious queflions and fyllogilms, 
 Sjeq!"^' ' ^^d fophiftical Arts of Reafoning. But he taking no notice of their im- 
 pertinent queflions, went on in his plain difcourfe, concluding that he 
 had nakedly laid thefe things before them, and that it lay at their door 
 whether they would reje£t or entertain them ,• that for his part he 
 could not without prejudice to himfelf not dclare them, nor they with- 
 out infinite danger disbelieve them. 
 
 XIII. DEPARTING from Rome, he is by different Writers made 
 (f)Cletn.t3E-x.o fteer different courfes. The (/) Greeks tell us he went for Alexa^-^ 
 ^xaJMomch. ^^^^^^ ^nd thence for Judaa : The { g) Writers of the Roman Church (with 
 /oc.c;f. ». IS, whom agrees (/1) £)oro/-/;e«^ in this matter ) that he preached the Gofpcl 
 '4- , in Liguna, and founded a Church at Milain, whereof he became the 
 
 Ai-5i''"riM- ^""^ Bifhop, propagating Chriftianity in all thofe parts. But however 
 s.mtUe fracl. that was, probable it is that in the laft periods of his life he returned 
 s.?<jc.Tr.3.c.i. yj^j.^ Cypnu, where my (/) Author tells us, he converted many, till fome 
 ^hj'sympf.in Jews from i'yrAi coming to Salamis , where he then was, enraged vilth 
 B;W.pp.f.i48. fh^y fgf upon him as he was difputing in the Synagogue, in a corner 
 f,')ti!ex.ind.ib. whereof they fhut him up till night, when they brought him forth, and 
 «.xviii.G? after infinite tortures, floned him to death. He adds (and the faith of 
 ffw^y^jMS? ^^ ^^^ ^^^ "P°" ^^^ credit of the Relater, who (k) Baronius tells us^ 
 «.4.f.428. lived at the fame time when his corps was firft: found out) that they 
 
 tlirew
 
 7l)e Life ^/\S. B a r n a b a s tfk Apojlle. 4.1 
 
 threw Ills body into the fire with an intent to conlUine it, but that 
 the llanics had not the leall power upon it, and that M.nk his Kinf- 
 man pnvatel) buried it in a Cave not tar dillant trom the City, his 
 Friends relenrini^ the lofs with folemn lanientatioii. I omit the miracles 
 reported to have lx;en done at his Tomb: the remains ol his I3ody were 
 dilirovered in the reign of (./) Zcno tlie Kmperor (/') Niu-phurm by a mi- U^i^'tod. Lea. 
 (lake maJves it the \II. year of A>ulljj'm) Ann. (:C:CCLXXXV. du^"-^''J-^f- 
 up under a Hc.vi or Cwro^ Tree,and upon his Mrcaft was found S.ALittfrns hilm.L'^tt.n. 
 (jofixrl written with A;r;M/.n Iiis own hand, which A >ith cm i u^ t\\c Billiop'^^^' 
 took along u ith him lo CoHjLwtnu'plc., where it was received by the i.\f^/"[6'c" 
 Kmjx;ror with a mighty reverence, and laid up with great care and 37-^ 716- 
 diligence. The KmiKtor as a teflimony of his joy, honouring the Fpi-^"'" ^' 
 fcopalbec ot\S'.//.jwjL( withtliis Prerogative, that it (hould he Jc^a xi/t.- 
 x.(fjtAi^, inde|x.ndent ujion any foreign Jurifdi^fion, a Privilege rati- 
 fied by Jujlinun the Kmperor, whole Wile 'Iheodura was a C^priot .- 
 The Emperor alfo greatly enriched the BiOiop at his return, command- 
 ing him to build a C hurch to St. B.irnj/\!f over the place of his Inter- 
 ment, w hicii w as accordingly ercdcd with more than ordinary flateli- 
 ncfs and magnificence. Tis added in the (0 ftory, thatthefc remains /.j^/^^.,,,,;,^ 
 were difcovered by the notice of St. Banuihjs himfelf, who three feveral « xxix. 
 times ap[x;ared to Athemnu ; which I behold as a meer addition to the ^^^• 
 Story, defigned only to ftrve a prefent turn. For Feter firnamed the 
 Fuller., then Patriarch of Antioch^ challenged at this time a jurildidion 
 over the Cypn.m Churches as fubjevt to liis See; tliis Athemius would 
 not agree to, but Hilly allcrtcd his own Rites, and howcafie was it to 
 take this occafion of finding St. Barnakn his Body, to add that of the 
 apjicaranccs to him, to gain credit to the C aufc, and advance it with the 
 Jtmjx.Tor ? And accordingly it had its defigned ctle^t ; and whoever reads 
 the whole Stor) , and the circumflances of the apparitions, as related by 
 my Author, will fee that they feem plainly calculated for fuch a pur- 
 pofe. 
 
 XIV. FOR his outward form and Hiapc, he is thus rcprefented by the 
 (^' .Ancients, he was a inan of a comely countenance, a grave and \encra- (•/) U. ibid. n. 
 ble afpect, his eye-brows lliorr,his eye chcarlul and plealant,darting fomc- ^^ '"• 
 thing of Majefly, but nothing of f;)wcrnefs and aulterity,his fpccch fw eet 
 and obliging ; his garb w as mean, and fuch as became a man of a morti- 
 fied life, his gate compofedand unafle>:led, grave and decent. This ele- 
 gant flruclurc was but the lodging of a more noble tenant, a Soul richly 
 tiirniihed w ith divine graces and \ ertues, a profound humilit)', diflufive 
 charity, firm faith, an immovable cnnftancy, and an unconquerable pa- 
 tience, a mighty ;rcal, and an unwearied diligence in the propagating of 
 Chrillianity, and for the good of Souls. So entirely did he devote him- 
 feh to an ambulatory courle ol lile, fo continually was he imploycd in 
 running up and down from place to place, that he could find little or no 
 time to leave any Writings behind hiiTj for the benefit of the Church; 
 at leaft none that have certainly arriv ed to us. Indeed anciently there 
 were fomc, and (c) Terttdiun particularl}', who fuppofed him to be the (e)DtpuMcitr 
 Author of the Epiftle to the I/clicns, an opinion generally rejccledand :o a sSa.ti./. 
 thrown out of doors: there is alfo an fc^piftleflill extant under hLs name ^'^|^[''^'^-^"-' 
 ot great .Antiquit), frequently cited by Clemens Alc.xjnJnttui^ and \\\s {fjcmtr.Ctlf. 
 Scholar Ongcn ( to pals by others J the latter of whom fliles it the''* ' /'49 
 (f)Cjf/.of/c Fp/Jfle rf H.inul\is.,bvit placed byizEulclnu amongthe 'r^>i'^itill''llJ'' 
 
 Q the ■
 
 42 The Life of S.B a kn ab as the Apojile. 
 
 the Writings that were not genuine. The frame and contexture of it is 
 intricate and obfcurc, made up of uncouth Allegories, forced and im- 
 probable interpretations of Scripture, though the main defign of it is to 
 Ihew, that the Chriftian Religion has fuperfeded the Rites and Ufages 
 of the Mofaic Law. The latter part of it contains an ufeful and excel- 
 lent exhortation managed under the notion of two ways, the one of light, 
 the other of darhiefs , the one under the condu£V of the Jiigels of God 
 ((fuav.ytiyil ayUxoi, thofe illuminating Minifters, as he calls them,) the 
 other under the guidance of the Angels of Satan, the Prince of the ini- 
 quity of the Age. Under the ivay of light he prefles to moft of the 
 particular duties and inftances of the Chriftian and the Spiritual Life, 
 whicharethere with admirable accuracy and fuccinftnefs reckoned up: 
 under that of darknefs he reprefents thofe particular fins and vices, which 
 we are to decline and fhun ; and I am confident the pious Reader will not 
 think it time loft, nor repent his pains to perufe fo ancient and ufeful a 
 difcourfe. Thus then he expreffes himfelf. 
 Bsmab. Epijl. XV. THE ivay of Life is tliis. Whoever travels towards the appointed 
 ^oO^^' ^"' pl^ce, will haften by his works to attain to it. And the knowledge that 
 is given us how to walk in this way is this : Thou fkalt love thy Creator: 
 Thou fhalt glorifie him who redeemed thee from death. Thou fhalt he Jimple 
 in heartland being rich in fpirit fhalt not joyn thy f elf to him that walks in the 
 way of death. Thou fhalt hate to do that which is difpleafing unto God. Thou 
 fhalt hate all manner of hypocrifie. Thou fhalt not forfake the Command- 
 ments of the Lord. Exalt not thy fe!f,hut he of an humble mind. Thou fhalt not 
 ajume glory to thy felf. Neither palt thou take evil counfel againfl thy neighbour. 
 Thou fhalt not addboldnefs to thy foul. Thou fhalt not commit Fornication, nor 
 le guilty of Adultery or Buggery. Thou fhalt not negled Gods command in cor- 
 reitingother mens impurity, nor fhalt thou have rejpe^ of perfons, when thou 
 reproveft any man for his faults. Thou fhalt be meek and Jdent, and fland in awe 
 of the words which thou hearefi. Thou fhalt not remember evil againfl thy bro- 
 ther. Thou fhalt not he of a double and inflable mind, doubting whether thus or 
 ■ 'AyAfniSHi ^ thus. Tl}ou fhalt not take the name of the Lord in vain. Thou fhalt love thy neigb- 
 ■Ca^'' T 4vvi« bour above thy life. Thou fhalt not deftroy a child by abortion, nor make it away 
 «■"• when it is horn. Thou fhalt not with-hold thy hand from thy Jon or from thy 
 
 daughterjbut from thy youth fhalt teach them the fear of the Lord. Be not dejt- 
 rous of thy Neighbours goods,nor covet much. Neither fhalt thou heartily joyn 
 with the proud, but ft) alt be numbred with the jufl and the humble. Enter- 
 tain trials and temptations when they happen to thee, as inftruments of good. 
 Tliou fhalt not be double minded, nor of a deceit jid tongue, for a double tongue is 
 the fnare of death. Thou fhalt be fuhjecl to the Lord, and to Maflers as Gods 
 reprefentatives, in reverence and fear. Thou f: alt not command thy Maid or 
 Man-fervant ivith bitternefs and feverity , thofe efpecially that hope in God, 
 lefi thou thy felf prove one that fearefl not him, who is over both : For he 
 came not to call men according to outward appearance, hut thofe whom his 
 Spirit did prepare. Thou fhalt communicate to thy neighbour in all things, 
 and fhalt not call what thou hafl thine own : for if you mutually partake in 
 incorruptible things, how much more in things that are corruptible. Be not 
 ra(h with thy tongue, for the mouth is the Jnare of death. Keep thy Soul as 
 chajl as thou canfl, jlretch not forth thy hands to take, and fhut them when 
 thou fhouldfl give. Love all thofe that fpeak to thee the word of the Lord, 
 as the apple of thine eye. Remember the day of Judgement night and day. 
 ! Seek out daily the faces of holy men, andfearchiffg by the IVord, go forth to 
 
 exhort
 
 'The Life <7/\S.B a r n a b a s the Apoji/e. 43 
 
 exhort^ anel ly it jlndy to five a Soul. And with thy handi jhdt thou labour 
 for the redemption of thy jtm. Del.iy not to ^/xr, nor Itgrutch when thou 
 art chiintjlle. Oiic to every one that asks thee ; and thou jhalt hnow who 
 is the ^oi'd recompenjer vj the reiiaid. Thou jhalt keep the things which thou 
 hajl reeenedy neither adding to ihenty nor taking from them. Thou /halt 
 ever hate a wicked Ferjon. Judge righteoufly. Make no Schijm. Make 
 peace between thcje th.tt are at d/[lerencey reconciling them to each ether. 
 Confejs thy JinSy and come not to prayer nith an evil Confcience. This is the 
 way of 1 iglit. 
 
 XVI. BUT now the ir.;v iJ/V./r^w^yt is crooked and full of curfcs. For 
 it is the way of eternal death attended with punilhment ; wherein arc 
 things deflrikhve to their fouls, idolatry y audacioujnefsy heighthcj donii- 
 natioHy hypocriftey duulle-heartedne/Sy adultery^ murder, rapine, pride, tranf- 
 grejfion, deceit, malice, arrogance, ivitchcrajt, magic, cozetoufnejs, want of 
 the f.ir of (jcd, perjecutor (f good men, haters oj the truth, men who love 
 hut do not know the wages of riqj.'teoufnejs, perjons that adhere not to what 
 u good, nor who by righteous judgment reg.ird the caje oj the Widow and the 
 Orphan , watchjul not jor the fear rj Cod but jor what is evil, great ft ran- 
 gers to meeknejs and patience, lovers oj vanity, greedy oj revenge, who com- 
 pajjionate not the poor, nor ende.TVour to relieve the opprejjed, prone to de- 
 tract ion, not knowing their Maker, murderers oj children, dejacers of Cod's 
 ivorkmanjhip, juch as turn away themjelves from the needy, add ajjjiiiion to 
 the afil tiled, plead for the rich, and unjujlly judge the pour, Jtnners altogether. 
 And having tluis dcfcribed thefe two different ways, he concludes his 
 difcourfewith a hearty and padionatc exhortation, that fince the time 
 ot re\\iirds and punilhments was drawing on, tliey would miind tlicfe 
 things, as thofc that were taught of God, fearching after wliat God re- 
 quired of them, and fctting tliemfelvesto the pradice of it, that they 
 might be favcd at the day of Judgment. I have no more to remark 
 concerning this excellent perfon, tlun to add the character given of liim 
 by a Pen that could not err, he was a good man, full oj faith, and of the aH u z^ 
 IfolyChoft. 
 
 The End of S. B a rnab aS'S Life, 
 
 G 2 THE
 
 - T •• 
 
 ^: D
 
 45 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. T I M O T H Y 
 
 THE 
 
 APOSTLE and EVANGELIST. 
 
 advj^tjges of an ejrly Piety. Cotrvertcd to Chnihantty by S. Paul, and 
 ide choice of to he hts Companion. Orcumijed by S. Paul, andu;h\. 
 
 mj(
 
 4^ 
 
 The Life of S. Timothy. 
 
 This no contraMVing S. Paul's doFirine concerning Cmumcifion. His 
 Travels ivith S. Paul for the fropa<ratton of the Faith. His return from 
 Thellalonica, and S. Paulv two EpiJHes to that Church. S. Timothy 
 confecrated Bijhop (^'Ephefus. The confent of Antiquity herein. Or- 
 dination in thofe tiines ttjua/ly done hy Prophetic Defignation, and the rea-- 
 [on of it. TimothyV age enquired into. The importance of vi©^ and 
 viom?. ( let no man defpije thy youth. ) the words fiewed to he ujed hy the 
 leflWriters for aconjideralle age. S. VwXs firji'and fccond Epifile to him, 
 and the importance of them. The manners oj the Ephefians noted. Their 
 Feftival called yj^ctyoyov. S. Timothy V martyrdom. The time of his 
 death^ place oj his hurial, and tranflation of hts hcdy. His weak and 
 infirm conflitution. Hu great ahflinence^and admirahle zeal. S.VzvXs fingu- 
 lar aQeltion for him. Different from Timotheus in S. Deny'i the Areo- 
 pagite. Another Timothy, 5. Paul'y Dijciple^ martyred under Antoxms. 
 
 T IM0THY\V2.s^ as we may probably conceive,- 
 a Lycaonian, born at Lyjlra, a noted City ot that 
 Province. He was a perfon in whom the Jew, 
 the Gentile, and the Chriftian met altogether. 
 His Father was by Birth a Greek , by Religion a 
 Gentile, or if a Profelyte, at moil: but ^s? n n; 
 a Profelyte of the Gate , who did not oblige them- 
 felves to Circumcifion, and the Rites of MoJ'es, but 
 only to the obfervance of the feven Precepts of the Sons of Noah : his 
 , „ ^ «, _ Mother Eunice, Daughter to the devout and pious Lois, was a Jenejs, 
 y{fo'\^hfI'ol who yet fcrupled not. to marry with this Greek. An Argument that 
 yJ]d.!<6iSru, f the partition- wall now tottered, and was ready to fall, when Jew 
 ^r.^.f^li"' and Gentile began thus to match together. His Mother and Grand- 
 vuv. Chryi: mother were Women very eminently vertuous and holy, and leem to 
 chyfoft. Ho- }^ayg been amongft the iiirft: that were converted to the Chriftian Faith. 
 Nor was it the leafl inftance of their piety, the care they took of his 
 Education, inftruding him in the knowledge of divine things, and 
 2 Tim. 3. 15. feafoning his tender years with vertuous and fober principles; fo that 
 from a child he was acquainted with the holy Scriptures , whereby he was 
 admirably prepared for the reception of Chriftianity, and furnilhed for 
 
 mil.i.inzTim. 
 p. 16.27 
 
 ,•> ^ "/ thecondudtofa llriftpiouslifc. And indeed Religion never thrives more 
 na.\oyJ^yai, kindly, than when 'tis planted betimes , and the foundations of it laid in 
 'iijoi^tJ^- an early piety. For the mind being then foft and tender, is eafily capable 
 de liber, e^c. ^'^ ^^^^ ^^^ imprefTions , wliich by degrees infinuate themfelves into it, and 
 pag. 4. infenfibly reconcile it to the difficulties of an holy life, fo that what muft 
 
 necelTarily be liarlh and fevere to a man that endeavours to refcue himfelf 
 from an habitual courfeof fin, the other is unacquainted with,and goes on 
 fmoothly in away that's become pleafant and delightful. None flart 
 with greater advantages, nor ufuaily perfevere with a more vigorous 
 conflancy, than they who rememher their Creator in the days oj their 
 youth, and Sacrifice the firll fruits of their time to God and to Religion, 
 before corrupt afTeifions have clapt a bias upon their inclina- 
 tions, and a train of vices depraved, and in a great meafure laid afieep 
 the natural notions of good and evil. 
 
 II. PREPARED by lo excellent a culture in the Jewifh' Religion, 
 God was plcafed to tranfplant him into a better foil. S. Paul in purfuance 
 of his Commiflion to Preach the Gofpcl to the Gentiles had come as far as 
 
 Anticch
 
 JIjc Life of S. Timothy. 47 
 
 Andoch in Fifidht, thence to Icomum^ and fo to L\jlra^ where the mira- 
 culous cure of an im|)otent Cripple made way tor tlic entertainment ot" 
 the (hrillian Do:trine. Amongotliers there converted, we are ^a^ told (■')S.Mfrjfhf, 
 Were S. /mw//'v's Parents, who courteoully treated and entertauied the '^^,;^/^„2^^; 
 Apodle at their houfe, wholly rellgning up their vSoa to lus care and r- u.^^n. 
 conduft. About two years aiter in iiis review otthefc late Plantations 
 he came again to L\/h\i, where lie made choice of Timothy^ recommend- Ad. 16.1,2,3. 
 ed to him by the univerlal tellimony ot the C hrirtians thereabouts, as 
 an EvanqeiiH^ to bcliis alliftant and tlie companion of his travels, that 
 he might have Ibme body always with him, with whom he could entruft: 
 matters of importance, and whom he might dilpatch upon any extraor- 
 dinary aHiiir and exigence of tlie ( hurch. Indeed Iimothy was not 
 circumciled, for this being a branch of the Paternal Authority, did not 
 lie in liis Mothers power .• this \\ as notorioufly known to all the Jewsyxrxd 
 this S. /'.;/</ knew would be a mighty prejudice to his Minitlry where ever 
 he came. For the 7<'""^ being infinitely zealous for Circunicifion, would 
 not with any tolerable patience endure any man to Preach to them, or 
 fo much as to converfe with them,who was himfelf uncircumcifed. Ihat 
 thisobllacletheretbie might be removed, he caufed liimto be circum- 
 cifed, becoming in lawful matters .ill things to allme»^ that he might gji» 
 the more. Admirable ( fays {h) Chi\jojlom) the wifdom and prudence of (•/.; nomti. 
 S. F.i'i/^ u ho had this dcfign in it, Vlie/hipS^j, 'nx 'u-^'^.^jlLj np.^r?.r\, he ^^^^' "* 
 circumciled him, that he might take away circumcifion, that is, be the ^.Vs/ 
 more acceptable to the Jc-ws^ and by that means tiie more capable to 
 undeceive them in tlieir opinion of tiic neccllity of thofe legal Rites. 
 At other times we find him Imartly contending aginll Circumcifion as 
 a julliticatioii of the .V<t/.j/c Inllitutions, and a virtual undermining the 
 great ends of Ciiriflianity. Nor did he in this inftancc contradict: his 
 own Dodlrine, or unwarrantably fymbolize with the Jews ; it being 
 only ( as (c) Clemens oi Ale.windrui obferves concerning this palTage) a uystronut.uh. 
 prudent condefccntion to the prefent humour of the Jcns^ whom he was 'f^' ^^°* 
 unwilling to difobligc, and make them wholly fly off, by a too fudden 
 and violent rending them from the circumcifion in the fleih, to bring 
 them over to the circumcifion of the heart. So that he who thus ac- 
 comm(xlatcs himfelf for the lalvation of another, can no ways be char- 
 ged with dillimulation and hypocrific ; teeing he docs that purely for 
 the advantage of otliers, which he would not do for any other reafon, 
 orupon account of the tilings tliemfeh'es: this being tw ci/xiG^JoiTrH ^ 
 <f«Ao^i« Traifil-Tv the [xirt of a wile and kind Inl1ru£ter, who is a true lover 
 of God, and the fouls of men. 
 
 Ml. S. FatjL thus fitted with a meet companion, forwards they fet 
 in their Evangelical Progrel?;, and having palled through Fhrygu and 
 Gj/jt/j^ came down to Jioas, thence they fet >Sail tor S^mothracij^ and 
 foto AVj/>o//v, ulicnce they palled to Fhilivpi^ tlie Metropolis o'iX.\\2X. part 
 ot M.iceHo»i.i : \\ here being evil intrcatca by the Magiftrates and Peo- 
 ple, they departed to Ihcploiici^ w hence the tury and malice of the 
 Jews made them fly to Bertcj. Here they met with people of a more 
 generous and manly tem|x:r ready to embrace the Chriftian Doclrine, but 
 yet not till they had firll compared it with the predictions which the 
 I'rophets had made concerning the Alejiijh. But even here they could 
 not cicapcthe implacable fpirit of the Jews, fothat the Chrit^ians were 
 forced privately to conduct S. F.w! to Athens^ wlulc A'//.jj and Timothy 
 
 not
 
 48 The Life ^/ S. T v m o t h v. 
 
 not fo much the immediate obje£ls of their fpight and cruelty, flaid be- 
 hind, toinftrud and confirm the Converts ot that place. Whether they 
 came to him during liis flay at Athois^ is uncertain : .b. Luke takes no 
 farther notice of them, till their coming to him at Corinth^ his next re- 
 move. Where at their firll arrival ( if it was not at Athens ) S. Paul di- 
 i Thef. 3. I, fpatched away Timothy to Theffhlonica^ to enquire into the flate of Chri- 
 ^' ^" l\ianity in that City, and to confirm them in the belief and proleif.on of 
 
 — 2.v.i7,i8. theGofpel, for he fecms to have had a more peculiar kindnefs tor tiiat 
 *9- Church, having fince his lafl being there, more than oncerelblvcd him- 
 
 felf to go back to them, but that the great Enemy of Souls had Hill 
 thrown fome rub in the way to hinder him. 
 1 Thef. -. 6 ^^- FROM Thed'alpnica Timothy returned with the welcom news of 
 7,&feqq. ' their firmnefs and conftancy, notwithflanding the Perfecutions they en- 
 duredjtheir mutual charity to each other,and particular aHecHon to S.Paid; 
 news, wherewith the good man was infinitely pleafed: ^^s certainly no- 
 thing can minifter greater joy and fatisfaftion to a faithful Guide of 
 Souls, than to behold the welfare and profperity of his People. Nor 
 did his care of them end here, but he prefently writes his firfl: Epiflle 
 to them, to animate them under their fufFerings, and not to defert the 
 Chriftian Religion, becaufe the Crofs did attend it, but rather to adorn 
 their Chriftian Profeflion by a Life anfwerable to the holy defigns and 
 precepts of it. In the front of this Epiftle he inferted not only his own 
 name, but alfo thofe of Sibs and Timothy^ partly to ref!e3- the greater 
 honour upon his fellow-workers, partly that their united authority and 
 confent might have the flronger influence and force upon them. The like 
 he did in a lecond Epiftle, which not long after he fent to them, to fupply 
 the want of his perfonal prefence,whereof in his former he had given them 
 fome hopes,and which he himfelf feemed fo paflionately to defire. Eighteen 
 months at leafl they had continued at Corinth^ when S./'d///refolved upon 
 •"•■■' a journey to Jerufalem, where he flaid not long, but went for Antioch, and 
 having travelled over the Countries of Galatia and Fhrygia to eflablilh 
 Chriflianity lately planted in thofe parts, came to Ephefus^ where though 
 he met with great oppofition, yet he preached with greater fuccefs, and 
 was fo wholly fwallowed up with the concerns of that City, that though 
 he had refolved himfelf to go into Macedonia^ he was forced to fend Ti- 
 wothy and Eraflus in his ffead, who having done their errand, returned 
 to Ephefus^ to afTift him in promoting the affairs of Religion in that 
 place. 
 
 V. S. PA VL having for three years refided at Ephefiu and the parts 
 
 about it, determined to take his leave, and depart for Macedovia. And 
 
 now it was ( as himfelf plainly intimates, and the Antients generally con- 
 
 I Tim. 1. 3. ceive ) that he conflituted Timothy Biihop and Governor of that Church ; 
 
 . he was tht firfi Bijhop {a) fays Eufehius ) of the Province or Diocefs of 
 
 c 4:^.7^3.' ^ Ephefus ; he did Trpwx©. 'E^sVa ETnffJtfjTrrto-a/, fays the C?) Author in Phot ins ^ 
 
 (b) Mm. Tint, firfl ail as Bifl^op of Ephefus find in the Council of ChJcedon XXVII Biihops 
 
 ccLiv 'cf/'' ^"^^ ^^^'^ fucceffively to have fitten in that Chair, whereof 5'. Timothy was 
 
 1401. the firfl. In the (rf') Apoflolical Conflitutions he is cxprefly faid to have 
 
 (cjcowc.c/W- been ordained Bifliop of it by S.Paul, or as he in Photnis exprefleth it 
 
 Cone. Tom. a.^ W-tilt motc after the mode of his time, he was ordaimd a>:il enthroned 
 
 col. 609. ( or inftalled ) Bijhop of the Metropolis of the Eufehians hy the great S. Paul. 
 
 47 «/ dVi"^ £'/'/.'f/f/j was a great and populous City, and the Civil Government of 
 
 the Fro-Confid^ \\\\o refided there reached over the whole Lydian or Prc- 
 
 ; . confidar
 
 The Life of S. T i moth y. 4> 
 
 .tin/u/jr Jlu. And I'ucli ill proportion the Ancients make the Ecclc- 
 rullical juriHli:t ion ot that(:hurch,r./)S.r/";>y'!.//«w affirming it xn be plam ' 
 and evident, tliat Ihvoths liad the churchy or ratlitr the whde NatioMoi ', . 
 .-^/u committed tohim;to him ra}s ^/ ;//'tW('/£'/")divinc.S./\;«/commit- {. //j ,• 
 ted r 'Mat r ?4r)LwAftai', the care and the clurgc of JIu ; upon winch ac- ' '"^ '""•/•4'5 
 coimr a little after (<Ohc calls him d r .■It-olUf vf tie Aham. A.s tor the r. <\m „, 
 manner of his Ordmation, or rather defignation to ilie minilleri'.s ot ' '""..1;, 
 i{eligion, it was by particular ami extraordinary defi^nation, God im- * ■*' 
 mediately tcflitying it to be his will and plcalure; thence it is laid to 
 have l)een done yjj tu,; -rr^JLyirui '.T(^:(fn!tizi, a^ccriiniqi^ to jvmc prtceeling ' ''••' '"iS- 
 f re At.il jn% concfniiKq[^ hitr^ and that he received it not onl) b\' tlu; /.;)- ' "*' 
 
 /««; on vf LikAs, but h\ fiiPphelH\ that is, as {(i]ChryjvJloM truly explains \i^{'i)li'r<il.\'.:,i 
 by the Holy Ghoft ,• it being part of the Prophetic OHice ;, as he adds, ' '"'^•'''*^" 
 and el'[x:cially it was lo at that time") not onl) ti> tore-tell future events, 
 but to ileclare things prefent, (iod cxtraordmarily manitelling wiiom 
 he would have fet apart for tliat weighty Office. Thus y'j«/and Bar- 
 u.ildf were feparatcd b) the r|>ecial di«:tare of tiie Holy Ghofl ; and of the 
 Govcrnoursof the L-phffinc Churches that met at Miktus^ it is laid, that 
 the Huh Ghnjl ku/ ttuf/e them Ji/(hopf^ or Over-Jeers of the Church. And 
 this way of eledhon by way of prophetic revelation continued in u(c 
 at Icaft during the Apollolic Age : (e)Clenie»s in his F.pifllv to theCor/w- U)F-p>Ji^!-iCo- 
 th:.i,is , tells "us that the .ApoRles preaching up and down Cities and"" '"^''•i^ '"*• 
 ( iountrys, conllituted their firfl-truits to be the Bilhops and De^acons 
 o[ thole who thould believe, S>rMuj^aa.v!ei tw Trrilins'f'* w»;/t/;/g tr/ji of 
 /hen: h thejf/r/t : and another (/) demon reports of S. 7r/v/,that vifiting {f)cicm.A\.hh. 
 the neighbour Churches about Fphclus. he ordained bilhops, and luch ''*/ ^ '"®" 
 as were li^ntdea ., or pomted out to liim/y the Jpirit. ap Eujeb.H. 
 
 VI, THIS extraordinaryandmiraculous way ofchufing Bilhops and £ff//-3f- 23- 
 Ecclefiaftic Ollicers, licfides other advantages, iKgat a mighty reverence^'"' 
 and veneration tor the Governours of the C hurch, who were looked 
 u|K)n as Gcxls choice, and as having the more immediate chara(Jferof 
 Heaven upon them. And efpccially this way teemed more necetlary 
 tor S, 'fim>:h\ than others, to fecurc him from that contempt which his 
 youth might otherwile have expofed lum 10. For that he was but 
 young at that time, is evident from S. I'aul\ counfel to him, fo to de- 
 mean himfelf, that tin nun m\^\X. Hejpife his youth : the Governours ofiTim. 4.1:. 
 the Church in thofe days w ere ilprffft^Tee;;, in rcfpcit of their age as 
 well as office, and indeed therefore ftilcd /'///•.'/ f, becaufe they uluaily 
 were |x;rfons oi a confiderable age that were admitted into the Orders 
 of the Church. This 'l/i)wth\ had not attained to. .And vet the word 
 '.rjir.;, youth^ admits a greater latitude than \Ae in ordinary fpecch <^^^- r^j, orsurt 
 ilne it to. (^"^ TArrf) tells us of himlelt, that he was j//n/f/ir;//«/,7i, but a z'^k ihn.f . 
 Very youth w hen he pleaded Rofius's caufe ; and yet (Ji) A. Gelliiis proves f'"' 'N'«'''-'^'"r- 
 him to have Ix^en at that time nolefs thanXXVIl ) ears old. .ilexjnrfer ; *^fi 
 the fon of .'/r/Z/c^/Z/o- is called , /.irxv.a/A'^^i-^j v.//.'/', at the time of iiis death, i', jJtfi'.Ar.:. 
 when yet he was above thn ty, Jfiero \t\{k ) Fdyliits islldeil •,--,a<J^ ii(5^, '" 'g"^'* ''• 
 jir/^vcww^wjw, whom yet t. »/.;«/(;;/ proves to have been XXXV years (<Jhi/7./.i/. 
 of Age; and tlie fame Hiftorian fpeaking of T. hbmtmui his making "'-'"^J^'' 
 War w\\in Phdip of ;)/./.\'v/o;/, fays he w as i.-.^^- -xc/x*/i-', a very youag man, cm,^f,'r''' 
 for tiiat he was not above thirty years old: it being ( as Cufjhti>» ob- rr.. -j nufd. 
 fcrvcs ") the cuftom both of Creek and I^:}>t Writers to extend the >«- ^*' 
 
 vcn.'Ms^ or voiithful age from the thirtieth till the f'orrierli ^ oar t '" a rr^r 
 
 H
 
 50 The Life of S.T \ m o t h y 
 
 life. To which wc may add wliat Gr<?/«/j obfeives, tliat i-ecinfaniwcr- 
 Anot inloc. ing to the Hebrcw rnina denotes the MiUtary .Age, all that civil and 
 manly part ofa mans life that is oppofed to Old Age ; lo that Timoihys 
 yo'jth^without any tbrce or violence to the u'orld,might very well conlill 
 with his being at'leall thirty, or five and thirty years of age, and he lb fil- 
 led only comparatively with refped to that weighty Funftion, which 
 was wont to be conferred upon none but grave and aged men. But 
 of this enough. 
 Ad!s2o.2,3, Vlf. S.TJjWTHT thus fixed atEpbeJus, did yet accompany S. }\iul 
 £3'c. " " ' fome part of his journey into Greece, at leaft went to him thither upon 
 fome urgent allairs of the Church, and then returned to his charge. Not 
 long after which S.A/w/ wrote hisjirjl Epijlle to him, to encourage him 
 in his duty,and dired him how to behave himfelf in that eminent btatioa 
 wherein he had let him. And becaufe the fuccefs of the Miniftry does 
 in a great meafure depend upon theperfons imployed in it, he gives him 
 more particular rules how to proceed in this matter, and how the per- 
 fons ought to be qualified, whom he admitted to that honourable and 
 important office, wi c* tu'stu t le^^p^^tsv /S/oi- 3^ Xot^^v aVafxaJaJj h\i^iu>r, 
 *H.Eccl.lib.2. as * Nicephoriis fpeaks, excellently reprefenting in that Epiftle, as in a Ihort 
 f-34/'-'89- draught, the life and converlation of the facred Governours of the 
 Church, defcribing the tempers and manners of thofe who are appoin- 
 ted tp be the Guides and Minifters of Religion. Well he knew alfo 
 that crafty Teachers and falfe Apoftles were creeping into the Church, 
 whofe principles and praftices he remarks, warning him to bev\are of 
 them, and to Hand continually upon his guard agamft them. The holy 
 man foUoM'ed his inflitutlons, and was no doubt faitliful to his trult, 
 which he managed with all care and diligence. About fix years after, 
 vS. /'j^/ being then a Prifoner at Rome, wrote ajecoiui Ep/ftle to liini 
 ( for that this Epiftle was written at his firft coming to Rvme, we have 
 t Antiq./ifoft. Ihevved elfewhere t ) to excite him to a mighty care and fidelity in 
 lite of s.pw hisbufinefs, and in undermining the falfe and lubtle inf^nuaticnsot ^cdu- 
 2 Tim. 4.9. cers. hi it he orders Timothy to come to him with all fpced to Roi.e, 
 who accordingly came, and joined with him in the feveral Epihles writ- 
 ten thence to the Thilippums, Colo funis, zndxoPbilemcn, as his name \n 
 the front of thofe EpiftleS does abundantly declare. During his flay 
 at Rome he was upon fome occafion caft into prifon, and thence releafed 
 andfet at liberty about the time of S. FnuFs enlargement, as he clearly 
 Hebr; 13.23, intimates in the clofe of his Epiftle to the Hehmvs; after which he 
 H- came back to Epbejus, nor is it probable that he any more removed from 
 
 thence, till his tranflation into Heaven. And here it was that he became 
 acquainted with S. John, whofe yipojhlical province mainly lay in y^Jiii, 
 * Ap.Boikitd. and the parts zhowi Epbejus ; and lb the '^ Ads under the name oi Pcly- 
 Jamar.\xiv crates, one of his fucceflbrs ( doubtlefs of good antiquity, being thofe 
 mentioned and made ufe of by Fhotius ) report, that he converlcd with, 
 and was an auditor of S. Joba tbe Divine, who lay in the bofom of our 
 Lord. 
 
 VIII. THE Epbcfhins were a people of great loofenefs and impiety, 
 
 their manners were wanton and eficminate,prophanc and prodigal : they 
 
 strah.Gmr. hxa\^Q<\ Hermodnrus only becaufe he \\as more fcber and thrifty than 
 
 Ub.i^.f\i. the reft, enabling a Decree, Let r.one if vurs he thrifty . They were 
 
 ftrangely bewitched with the ftudy of Ma^ic and the Arts of Sorcery 
 
 and Divination; mifcrably over-run with Idolatry , efpecially the 
 
 Temple
 
 The L/fr ofS. T 1 M o T II V. 51 
 
 Temple and Worfliip of Dhn.i^ for wliich tlicy were famous tlirougli 
 tlic whole World. .Among their many Idolatrous FeOivals the)' hid 
 one called * KATAPai ION, which was cele- 
 brated alter this manner; Habiting themfclves * hUmr.Timoth. yiMiifi'i'oi.Co.f.z^j,. 
 in an antic drel^ , and covering their faces with ^i^;:;.:ji^^TMv:;r^;',^i;-. 
 ugl\' / '/zors, that the) might not be know n,with vit. s. Timotk Grxceaf. ciuhix <« -.,;. I'o- 
 Clu'bs in their hands, they carried Idols in a wild '"■•"?'; ^^'^■■''"Jf» " ^i- >>■ ^'•"""''- ■• ''»/'- 
 
 , r ■ J I 1 cr^t.hitt atuntjJCTtptii/nit eAdcmhjimt.tp. 
 
 and a frantic manner up and doun the more emi- BtJUnJ. jjfjnuar. XXIV. e 566. 
 nent places of the City, fmging certain Songs 
 and Verfes to them; and witliout any compallion or refjiedt either to 
 Age or Sex, fctringu|x)n all jK-rfons that they met, they beat out their 
 brains,glorying in it asabraveatcliievement,andagreat honour to ihtir 
 gods. This airfed and execrable cuUom gave jult olFence to all pious 
 and good men, efpecially S. 7/mofhy, \^hole fpirit was gric\ed to fee 
 God lb o)>enly dilhonoured, humane nature funk intofuch a deep dege- 
 neracy, and lo arbitrarily tranfported to the mofl favagc barbarities by 
 tlie great murderer of fouls. The good man oft endeavoured to reclaim 
 them by lenitive and mild intreaties; but alas, gentle Phjfic works 
 little upon a Aubtorn C^onftitution. When that would not do, out he 
 comes to them into the midfl of the llreet upon one of tliefe fatal fo- 
 lemnities, and reproves them with fome neceltary iharpiiels and fevcrity. 
 But cruelty and licentioufnefs are too head-flrong to brook oppofition : 
 impatient of lx:ing controlled in their wild extravagancies, they fall up- 
 on him with their Clubs, beat and drag him up and down, and then 
 leave him for dead, whom fome C hriHians finding yet to breath, took 
 up, and lodged him without the Gate of the City, where the third day 
 alter he expired. He fufTercd martyrdom on the tliirtieth day of the 
 "fourth month, according to theWy;j» computation, or in the Homan ac- 
 count on the XXII of January^ as the Creek Church celebrates hii me- 
 mory, or the XXIV, according to the L^tm. It happened ( as fome 
 will have it ) in the time of Kcrv.i, while others more probably refer 
 it to the reign of Domitian^ it being done before S.John\ return from 
 his banilhment in Patmosy which was about the beginning of Nerves 
 reign. Being dead, thcChriftiansof/r/>/r/wj took his body, and decent- 
 ly interred it in a place called /'/w/. Firon ( fays t I/jfforc , who adds ^^ ^^'- ^ 
 that 'twas a Mountain ") where it fecurely reded tor fome Ages, till * Cru- p, ^^2. 
 Jhntine the Great ; or as others, his fon CoHJlaHtius caufed it to be tranlla- ' Hitnmjidv. 
 ted to CoHJiiintitiopU , and laid up together witli thofe of S. An/lrew yJ^z.^Sicrrh. 
 and S. Luke, in the great Church erected by Conjlantine to the holy Ecc1.hj.2.c. 
 yVjx)nies. llVlju'r 
 
 IX. H E was a man of no very firm and healthful conHitution, fre- „ \." 
 quent diflempers alfaulting itim, befides the conftant mfirmitics that 
 hung upon him. Which S. Chryjojlom concei\es 
 
 were in a great meafurc owing to his extraordi- T» •j-faptrnTrtr-f T//«3»»;I-»fvwri*;- 
 nary temperance, and too frequent faftings. An (it T^^'i^^'i^^i^t^j::;" 
 
 effectual COUrfe to fulxlue thole \OUtljul Iltjls fiy^jiat, it;cnm\lxu^t« m^niv- i-nyii 
 
 which S. f .;«/ cautioned him to ihun, there Ix-ing «"> '"f*'^'^ ^' <^^^'.^'" .".'^."•'J^ ''/'.r 
 no luch uay to extinguifh the fire, as to with- nomii.i. ad I'op.AntKKh n^mi/.^. 
 draw the fewel : he allowed himfelf no delicious 
 
 Meats, no generous Wines ; Bread and Water was his ulual Bill of tare, 
 till by excellive abftiiience , and the meancfs and courfenels ot his diet 
 he had weakncd his appetite, and rcndred his llomacJi unfit tofcrvethe 
 
 H 1 ends
 
 52 Tbe Life ^/ S. T i m o t h y. 
 
 ends of nature. Infomuch that S. P^ul forced to impofe it as a kind 
 I Tim.5.2-. of law upon him, that he ihould. fio Icr.ger dritik iratevy lut uje a little 
 tvinefor b/s fiomichsjake, andlus often infirmities. And yet in the midft 
 of this weak tottering carcafe there dwelt a vigorous and fprightly 
 mind, a foul ^dccd by a mighty zeal, and infpired with a true love to 
 God : he thought no difficulties great, no dangers formidable, that he 
 might be ferviceable to the purpofes of Religion, and the intereft of 
 fouls ; he flew from place to place with a quicker fpeed, and a more un- 
 wearied refolution , then could have been expefted from a flronger 
 and a healthier perfon, now to Ephefus, then to Corinth^ oft into Macedo" 
 nia, then to Italy, crofTing Sea and Land, and furmounting a thoufand 
 *Loc.citat. hazards and oppofitions : in all which (as * Chtyfojhms words are) the 
 ftg. 7. weaknefs of his body did not prejudice the divine Philofophy of his 
 
 mind ,• fo ftrangely adive and powerful is Zeal for God, fo nimbly does 
 it wing the foul with the fwiftefl flight. And certainly (as he adds) as 
 a great and robufl body is little better for its health, which has nothing 
 but a dull and heavy foul to inform it ; fo bodily weaknefs is no great 
 impediment, where there is a quick and a generous mind to animate 
 and enliven it. 
 
 X. THESE excellent Vertues infinitely endeared him to S. Paul, who 
 feems to have had a very palTKjnate kindnefs for him, never mentioning 
 him without great tendernefs, and titles of reverence and refpeft : Ibme- 
 
 1 Their 3. 2. times fly ling him hisy^w, his brother, \\\s felloiv-lalourer, limotheus ourhro' 
 
 ther, and Minifler of God, and our felloiv-lahourer in the Gofpel of Chrijl ; 
 fometimes with additions of a particular affedion and honourable re- 
 g^rd, Timothy, my dearly beloved fon ; Timotheus, ivho is my beloved fon^ 
 '"^ ■ ■ and faithful in the Lord: and to the Church at Phtlippi more exprefly, 
 Philip. 2. 19, ^ ^'''*fi to fend Timotheus fhortly toyou,for I have no man like-minded(^ /cro-iu- 
 20, &c. ;vcr, equally dear to me as my felf) tvho will naturally care for your flate: 
 for all feek their oven, not the things that are Jefus Chrifls; but ye know the 
 proof of him, that as a fon with the father, he hathfervedivithmein the Go- 
 fpel. And becaufe he knew that he was a young man, and of a temper 
 that eafily refented harfli and unkind treatment, he entered a particular 
 iCor. I6./0, caution on his behalf with the Church o^ Corinth, If Timotheus come, fee 
 ^'' that he may be with you without fear, for he worketh the work of the Lord,as 
 
 I alfo do : let no man therefore defpife him, but conduct him forth in peacCy 
 that he may come unto me. Inftancesof a great care and tendernefs, and 
 which plainly fuppofe Timothy to have been an extraordinary perfon. 
 t Uomil. I . in His very calling him his dearly beloved fon, f Chryfofiom thinks a fufiicient 
 
 2 T»m/,i 626. argument of his Vertue. For fuch affcdtion not being founded in Na- 
 
 ture, can flow from nothing but Vertue and Goodnefs, the lovely and 
 eflential ornaments of a divme and a holy foul. We love our childreii 
 not only becaufe witty, or handfom, kind and dutiful, but becaufe they 
 are ours, and very often for no other reafon ; nor can we do otherwiie, 
 fo long as we are fubjeft to the Impreflions and the Laws of Nature. 
 Whereas true Goodneis and Vertue have no other Arts but their own 
 naked worth and beauty to recommend them, nor can by any other ar- 
 gument challenge regard and veneration from us. 
 
 XL SOME difputc there has been among the Writers of the Church 
 of Rome, whether our.S. 77wo/i^ was the fame with him, to whom Die- 
 nyfius the Areppagite dedicates the books faid to be written by him ; 
 and troops of arguments arc muttered on either fide. But the foun- 
 dation
 
 The Life ofS. T i m o t h y. 53 
 
 elation of the controvcrfic is quite taken away witli us, who are 
 fufficiently allured, that thofc liooks were written I'omc hundreds of 
 years after S. Deny'i his head u as laid in the dult. However it may not 
 be imjiroper to remarque, that befide ours, IJilhop of £phtjiu^ we are 
 * told of another S. Jtmoth^ Dilcipie alfo to S. /'.W, the fon ot PudeMi'^''^.^*"*'- 
 and Prifcilhy who is faid to have Uved unto a ^rcat Age ; till tlie times of wfrrcS^ 
 .'inteninus tlie F.mjK'rour, and Pius Hilhop oi Home ^ n^d that lie came **'• 2 ,?'»"■• <5. 
 over into AVz/.i/;/, converted and baptized Luc/us King of thislfland, the ^"^Vwxii 
 firft King that ever embraced the C hriftian Faith. P/us Biihopof Pome K"' H vtd. ' 
 in a + Letter to 7"//"* Bilhop of f/fw»j (which though fufpeclcd by moft, ^^J '^f''- 
 is yet owned by * B.iromus ) reckons him among the /Vfj^Kfrythat liad'^LacjArL'.I' 
 been educated by tlie Apojiles^ and liad come to Home^ and tells us that he '^o'- 57'^- 
 liad fuff'ered martyrdom: accordingly thetA'<w./« Al.irtyro/ofr^y ini'orms*^/"'^'^'"' 
 us, that he obtained the Crown of Martjrdom under Antoninus the Km- 1 Martyroi' 
 jKTour. A Story which as I cannot contute, fo I am not over-forward ^"^^Mdrt. 
 to believe, nor is it of moment enough to my purpofe more particularly ''"^ '" ' '°' 
 to enquire about it. 
 
 The Entfof S. T I M O T H Y'j Life. 
 
 THE
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. T I T U S 
 
 BISHOP of CRETE. 
 
 55 
 
 b 
 
 f/is Country enquire J into. The report of his nctleextrjfl. f/is education and 
 coHverfion to Chnfliamty. His jctjujtntjnce with, und jnompjnjtng S.Piul 
 to the Synod ,U Jcrufalcm. S. PaulV refn/ing to irnnmci/e hiWy and why. 
 
 His
 
 56 
 
 The Life of S. T n u s. 
 
 (4) Homiii .in 
 
 Ad. 1 8.7- 
 
 (l')Flor.H. 
 RpmJ.^.c.T 
 
 His attend'r/ig 5. Paul in his tr.rLels.Their anival hiCvG\.t.lL\x.wsco>jJ}iti!- 
 tedbjhimBifliopoftkatlJland. The tcjtimovies of the Avcio7ts to that 
 purpofe. TJ^e intimations of it in 6' .Paul V Epifile to him.S.?d.\i\'s cenfure tf 
 the People of Crete jjuflified hy the account ivhich Gentile Writers give vf 
 their evil manners. Afhort view of the Epiftle it felf. 'The directions cok- 
 cerning Ecclef,ajlic perjons. His charge to exhort arJ convince gaiyi-Jayers. 
 Crete ahounding with Heretical 7V^f/'f/xJewi(h Fables rtwri'Gcnealogies, 
 nhat^ and whence derived. The ^ones and (nXvyoj^ of the ancient Gno- 
 flicks borrowed from the r^iofovloj of the Heathen Feets. 7 his flewn by 
 particular inflances. Titus commanded to attend S. Paul .^it Nicopolis. 
 His coming to him into Macedonia. His following S. Paul to Rome, and 
 departure into Dalmatia. The Story of Pliny the Toungers being con- 
 verted by him in Crete, cenfured. His age and death. J he Church ere- 
 ^ed to his memory. 
 
 I'P'i H E ancient Writers of the Church make little 
 fe^ mention of this holy man ; w ho, and whence he 
 
 was, is not known, but by uncertain probabili- 
 ties, {a) S.ChryjoJtom conjefturcs him to have been 
 born at Corinth.^ for no other reafon, but becaufe 
 in fome ancient Copies (as fliU is in feveral Manu- 
 fcripts at this day ) mention is rr.ade of S. Paufs 
 going at Corinth into the houfe of one [ Titus'] 
 named J'^fius, cne that worfhipped. The Writers 
 of later Ages generally make him to be born in Crete.^ better known by 
 the modern name of Candia, anoblelfland (as the {b^Hiflorian calls it, 
 who adds that the only caufe of the Romans making War there, was a 
 defire to conquer fo brave a Country ) in the /Egean Sea, not more fa- 
 mous of old for being the birth-place of Jupiter, the Sovereign of the 
 Heathen gods, and the Dadalean Labyrinth faid to be in it, then of late 
 for its having beenfo long the feat of War between the Turkifh Empe- 
 rour and the State of Venice. Antiquity has not certainly conveyed 
 down to us any particular notice of his Parents; though, might we be- 
 lieve tile account which fome give, he was of no common extrad, but of 
 
 the Blood Royal, his pedigree being derived 
 
 from no lefs than Minos King of Crcte^ whom the 
 
 Poets make the fen of Jupiier, and for the equity 
 
 of his Laws, and the impaitial juftice of his 
 
 Government, prefer him to be one of the three 
 
 great judge;; in the infernal Regions, whofe 
 
 place it is to determine mens future and eternal ftatc ; while Hiftorians 
 
 mo re truly affirm him to have been the fon of Xanthiis King of that 
 
 Ifland, and tiiat he fucceeedcd liis Father in the Kingdom. But I paf'; 
 
 by that. 
 
 II. BUT whatever his Parentage was, we arc furc that he was a 
 G/w^, probably both by Nation and Religion. Tlic Greek Church in 
 their public Offices, give us this account of his younger years, and con- 
 vcrfion to Chriftianity: tiiat beins fprunis; from noble Parents, his 
 cv_j£o 3^y M'.dii- yQm-{^ ^yjjs confecrated to Learning and a generous Education. At 
 ■\v^h c^6 <£-' twenty years old he heard a voice, which told him, lie muft depart 
 
 Ji-nf 
 
 /M>.>iri.e.ioi 1% Mt'paK [ Legend, 
 line dubio Mii-eoof ] to l^cLffiMut Kpi'iTO?, 
 
 ^^scAof IIsiJao?. Menajon Graec. hvyt^' 
 T« «'■ fubUt, ij.. Ill . 
 
 Vhifii^r. 
 
 '™''? 5^ °''>H thence, that he might fave his foul, for that all his Learning elfe would 
 7iW,'.yky\^\h. ^^ ^f ^^'^-•'^ advantage to him. Notlatisfied with the warning, he de- 
 
 iired
 
 The Life of S. Titus. 57 
 
 \ 
 
 fired again to litar the voice. A year after he was again commanded in 
 a Vifion to purfuc the Volumn of the Jeu-//h law. He opened the 
 Book, and call hin eye upon that ot' the I'rophct, Aeep jiUmc lefore wr, „-^ , 
 
 1 (land iyind let the people rentiv their jhen^th : let ihem tone ne.u\,Ut them 
 jpeA : let us come near together to Judgement^ «5»c. Whereupon his Uncle 
 
 at that time rrcconfn/ oi Crete^ having heard the fa me ot our Lord's Mi- 
 racles in Jiuiv.1^ fcnthimto ^enij.iUni^ where he continued till Clirift's 
 Alcenfion, ulicn he was converted by that tamoiis >crmonof S. Feter's^ 
 whereby he gained at once three thouland fouls. 1 cannot fecure the 
 truth ot this Story, though pretended to be derived out of the Wt/x,laid to 
 be written by Zen.ts the L.ni'\er, mentioned by S. I'jiJ: an authority, 
 
 1 contefs, which without better evidence, I not dare encourage tlie Header 
 to lay too much flrefs upon. Let us theretbre come to fomewhat more 
 certain andunqueftionable. 
 
 Ilf. BEING arrived in Judu.iy or the parts thereabouts, and convinced 
 of the truth and divinity oftheChriflian Faith, he became S. y'j«/'s Con- 
 vert and Difciple, though when or where converted we find not. Like- 
 ly it is, either that lie follow cd S. ;'.;«/ in the nature of a Companion and 
 Attendant, or that he incorp<uated himfch into the C hurch ot Atitwth: 
 where when the lamous controvcrhe arofe concerning Circumcifion 
 and the Mvjaic Inflitutions, as equally neccllary to beoblerved with the 
 belief and prat^icc of Chriftianity, they determined that A/w/ and Bar- *^'^- '5>.2- 
 Kj/jSy dud certJiH others of them fhouU goup to Jeruju/em unto the Apojtles 
 and Flden utout this (juejtion ; nay,a very ancient a)MS. adds, that when i"') <^*'- ^\' 
 /'.jx/carneftly perfuadcdthem to continue in the Doclrine wliich they fj^'j^ ' 
 had been taught, thofe very 'Jeivijh Zealots wiio came down to Atitioch, 
 and had firft llartcd the Icruple, did thcmjehes dejire Paul and Barnahjs 
 and jome others to go and conjult with the A po files and Elders at Jerujalem^ 
 and fiand to their jentence and determination of thecaje. In the number of 
 thofe who were lent upon this Evangelical Embally was our S. 7/rwy, Gal. i.2,&C' 
 U'iiom St. Vaul ( encouraged to this journey by a particular revelation ) 
 was w illing to take along with him. No fooner were they come to 
 Jerujaleni^ but Spies w ere at hand, fome zealous Jews pretending thcm- 
 felves to beChrifban Converts, infinuated themfelves into S. fjw/'s com- 
 pany and acquaintance, narrowly obllrving w hat liberty he took in 
 t'oint of legal Rites, that thence they might pick an accufation againfl 
 lim. The) charged liim that he preached to, and converfed wirh the 
 Centilesy and that at this very time Titus an uncircumcifed Greek was his 
 intimate familiar ; a fcandal which there was no way to avoid, but by cir- 
 cumcifing him,that lb it might apjx^ar that he had no defign to undermine 
 the Ritcsand Clufloms of the Law. This, S. Paul (who knew when to 
 give ground, and when to maintain his -Station ) would by no means 
 confent to: he who at another time was content toCircumcife Jimothy^ 
 a Jew by the Mothers fide, that he might pleafe the Jews to their edi- 
 fication, and have the taircr advantage to win uj^n them, refufed here 
 to circuiucilc litus a Gentile^ that he might not leem to betray the liber- 
 ties of the Gofpel, harden the Jews in their unreafonable and inveterate 
 prejudices againll the Heathens, and give jufl ground of fcandal and 
 difcouragementtotlie Gentiles^ and make them flyeoflto a greater di- 
 flance from Chriflianity. Accordingly he rcfifted their in.pcrtunity 
 with an invincible refolution, and his prailice herein was immediately 
 juOiMcdby the decretory Sentence of the Council, fummoncd to deter- 
 mine this matter. I IIL THE
 
 58 The UfeofS.Ti-^us. 
 
 in. THE affair about which they were fent being difpatchcd in the 
 Synod, he returned no doubt with S. Fanlto Antiocl\ and thence accompa- 
 nied him in his travels,till having gone over the Churches o'l Syria and Cili- 
 Hilior A- '"'''j^l^^y ^^^ ^'-^i^ ^°'' ^''^^^- for that period of time 1 conceive \viih(.a)C^j)eI- 
 foft. ad Zm. ' lus moll ptobable for their going over to that Ifland,rather then withC^;^^. 
 chriftt 46. romm and others to place it at S.t'auhs coming out of Macedvtua into Greece, 
 (b)Adam. 57. ^j^-^j^ j^^ fuppofcs to havB been by a Sea-voyage, palhng by the Cydadte 
 (c) \yi Argum. Iflands through the /Eqean Sea, or with(c)Gro/«« to refer it till his Voyage 
 £///?. aiitt. to Rome, founding his conjefture upon a double miftake, that S. Paul and 
 A<tt 27. 7. jj[5 company put in and ftaid at Crete, when 'tis only laid that they Jailed 
 under it, and pa[fed by it, and that Titus was then in tlie company,whereof 
 no footfteps or intimations appear in the Story. Sailing therefore from 
 fome Port in C///c/^, they arrived at Or^f, where S. T^rfw/induflriouHyfet 
 himfelf to preach and propagate the Chriftian Faith delighting ( as much 
 as might be ) to be the firll mellcnger of the glad tidings of the Gofpel to 
 all places where he came, not planting in another mans tine, or building of 
 things made ready to his handi But becaUfe the care of other Churches 
 called upon him, and would not permit him to (lay long enough here to 
 lee Chriif ianity brought to a due maturity and perfection, he conftitu- 
 ted Titus Bilhop of that Ifland, that he might nourifli that Infant-Church, 
 fuperintend its growth and profperity, and manage the Government and 
 Adminiftration of it. This the Ancients with one mouth declare, He 
 U)11 Ecol.1.3- ^^^^ thefrjl Bijhop (fays (d) Eufebiiu) of the Churches in Crete : the Apojlle 
 c. 4. f.73- conjecrated him Bijhop of it, fo (e) S. Amhrcje ; fo (/) Dorotheus, and {g'.Sc- 
 {e)Pr4-'»'^"- phronim I he was (fays (/;) ChryJ'oJlom) an approved perfon, to whom 
 ffyDoroth. ^ r>)o-©- dAoKMpQ-, the whole IJlandwas intirely commit ted, that he might ex- 
 Synoff. ;>. 148- ercife power andjurijditlion over Jo many BiJhops : he was by S.Paul Ordain- 
 '''ic/l^nTu.^^ S'l^^P^f (^rete, though a -very large Ifland, that he might Ordain Bijhop. 
 ('ijHomi.i .»« under him fays (/) Theodore t exprefly. To which might be added the tefli- 
 ■jtt. f. 1 692. nionies of Theophylail, Oecumenius, and others, and the fubfcription at the 
 kdTu.'r^m. t end of the Epiftle to Titits, (which though not dilated by the fame hand, 
 is ancient however ) where he is faid to have been ordained the firjl Bijhop 
 ik) ^rgum.in ^^ ^/,^ church of the Cretians. And (^k) S. Chryfojlom gives this as the reafon, 
 I adTim. f. ^j_^^ ^^ ^jj j^j^ Difciples and Followers S. Paul wrote Epiflles to Titus and 
 Timothy, and not to Silas or Luke, becaufc he had committed to them 
 the care and government of the Churches, while he referved the others as 
 attendants and minifters to go along with himfelf 
 
 IV. NOR is this meerly the arbitrary fenfe of Antiquity in the cafe, 
 ~jj , but feems evidently founded in St. f^a/'s own intimation, where he tells 
 
 Titus, For this cauje left I thee in Crete, that thou Jhouldjl fet in order the 
 things that are wanting, and ordain Elders in every City, as I had appointed 
 thee, that is, I conftituted thee Governor of that Church, that tliou 
 mighteft difpofe and order the affairs of it according to the rules and di- 
 rections which I then gave thee. [Ordain Elders'] he means Bilhops (fays 
 (/) Homil.i.in {0 chryfojlom) as elfewhere I have oft explained it. {^Elders in every City'\ 
 T.m.f.i'ioo. he wa^ not willing (as he adds.) that the whole adminiftration of fo 
 T:te"h%'oe- S*"^^*- ^" ^^^"'^ fliould be managed by one, but that every City might have 
 ""''^' iloc. its proper Governor to infpeil and take care of it, that fo the burden 
 might be lighter by being laid upon many fhoulders, and the people at- 
 tended with the greater diligence. Indeed Crete was famous for number 
 of Cities above any other Ifland in the World, thence ftilcd of old He- 
 catompohf, the Ifland of an hundred Cities. In fliort, plain it is, that Titut 
 
 had 
 
 s 
 
 sumtm. tn 1
 
 J be Life of S. T i t us. 5^ 
 
 ha-l power ot' Jurifdi Hon, Ordination, and Ecclcfianicairciifurcsjabovc 
 any other I'aflors; or Minillcr') in tliat Church conlcrrcd and dt-nvcd iijv 
 on him. 
 
 V. SEVERAL years S". T/Z/^j continued at his cliargc in Crete^ 
 when he received a Summons from St. /'.////, then ready to depart from 
 rpl.tjtu. The Apollle liad iledred AfivUvs to accompany limoths and 
 Ibme others w hom he had fent to Corinth^ but he chuling rather to go 
 i'orCrete^ b}- him and Zfit.n he wrote an Kpillle to //rz/x, tollirhimup 
 to bo adive and vigilant, and to teach liim how to behave himlelt in that 
 flation wherein he had let him. .And indeed he liad need ot all the 
 counfels wliich St. y'j*/ could give Inm, who had fo loofeand untoward 
 a generation of men to deal with, lor the C ountrey it lelt \\as not 
 more fruitluland plenteous than the manners of the I'eople debauched 
 and vicious. St. Pju! puts Iitius in mind what a I ad character one of their Tit. i, 12. 
 own Poets ( wlio certainly knew them befl ) had given ot them: 
 
 K^WTf ; a« •ifi\j<;-a^ )(5i<5t r^rp/x, ya^pa oipyau. 
 
 Tie CretijttSiire always L'urs^F.vil BeaJls^SLivht/Jies. This Vcrfe, jjS.C/r*-- /^i yrg^,! ir, 
 fojlom fup|K)fes the .ApoHle took from Ca/Jimjchm^ u ho makes ufe in- mrit.p.ijoj. 
 deed of the firft part ot it, charging the Cn-trans to be like thcmfelvcs 
 notorious Lurs^ in pretending that Jup/ter was not only born but 
 died among them, and that they had lus Tomb with this hifcription 
 ENTAT0A ZAN KHITAI, //ere lies Jupiter^ when as the deity 
 is immortal : whereupon the good Father perplexes himlelt with many 
 needlefs dilficulties in reconciling ir. Whereas in truth St. Faul bor- 
 rowed it not from Cj/Z/wjc/wj, but Epimen/flfSj a native of Crf/^' famous 
 among the Antients for Raptures and Enthufaflic Divinations, ©to- 
 
 fays of him. From him Callimjchus cites part of 
 
 the Verfe, and applies it to his particular pur- Kf"T»< J.A ^Jsw,- ^ ^ t^'j,,,, > i,a 
 
 pofe, while St. /\7«/ quotes it intire trom the .Au- .,^' • o' ^. . 
 
 thor himfelt. Ths H /tnejs (fays he) is true. And a},i. "^''^ '*•'' >^ 
 
 iiideed that herein he did not bely them, we 9""";">"l""*'^^'«P '• ^neVaSi^, 
 
 have the concurrent tcdimoniesof moft Heathen ""^''^^i'-*^ "■+'i'^«^Vct.Schoi.,b.. 
 
 VVriters,wlio charge the fame things upon them.*^o Kfnii^ir, -ri 4^/,^-. «' «■-,' 
 
 famous for lying, that Kpn-n^f^f and Kpn-n^fti' ^efs ^xxri^i' aru xpH7«(^ i'lrti.f^'^^JZTl' 
 
 KpnT* became proverbial, to lye like a Cretun, and l^'L^'" i"- J^'^ '"• '"^- K(.«7,r^. Fa^ 
 
 / . ' I 1- - 1 ■ I "cni Mich. Aix ftol. 11, cod. vcrk nVf'^ 
 
 t0 icujcn J Cheat, and nothing more obvious than ^..^' a;^^, \^f^^j,tirai ^. i. J™ . 
 Menfljx Cretj. ( c) Folyiim tells us of them,that no t<^»«Vji' k^ wi Kflinf. PMid^op^it^. 
 wliere could be fouiid more fubtil anddcceittui ^'"'^"■P-37. 
 Wits, and generally more wicked and pernicious {c}H<ft*rj.6.f.6%i.(Si.^p.^u£M, i^^^^^ 
 Counfels; that their manners were fo very for- 
 did and covetous, that of all men in the World the Cretuns were the 
 only perfons who accounted nothing bafe or dilhonefl^, that was but g.ain- 
 ful and advantageous. Befides they weie idle and iinpatient ot labour 
 gluttonous and intemperate, unwilling to take any j^ains farther tli.in 
 to tn.iie pr(n'//io» for f I. e f/fjl- ; as the natural el?e^t of cafe, idlenels, and 
 plenty, they were wanton and lafcivious, and prone to the vilell and 
 bafell fort ot Lufl, '=%< -to, Txiii^a. iajtjjiyitii'i fsloUi r^, (as (^) Ailenaus fj)/v,>»vr /. 
 informs us) outragioufly mad upon that fin that peculiarly derives its name / 1 3 '/Til ' 
 from Sodm. And fucli being the calb.w hat wonder it "^.Fjui bids Titus re- 
 
 I i pro: e
 
 48 The Life of S. T i t u s. 
 
 prove them [harpl)\, feeing their corrupt and depraved manners would ad- 
 mit of the iharpefl Lancets, and the mod Hinging corrofives he could 
 apply to them. 
 
 VI. IN the Epifiie it fclf the main body of it confifls of rules and 
 direftions for the feveral ranks and relations of men : and Iccaufe Spi- 
 ritual and Ecclefiaftical affairs are of all others moft confidcrablc, he 
 firfl inftrufls him in the qualifications of thofe w hom he Ihould lit apart 
 to be Biftiops, and Guides of Souls ; that they be holy and harmleis, in- 
 nocent and inoffenfive, fuch as had not divorced and put away their ; r(l 
 Wife that they might marry a fecond, whofc children w ere Ibber and 
 regular, and trained up in the Chriftian Faith ; tliat they be ea.fie and 
 treatable, meek and unpaffionate, free from the love of Wine, and a de- 
 fire after riches by fordid and covetous defigns; that tliey behind and 
 ' hofpitable, lovers of goodnefs and good men, modefl and prudent, juil 
 and honeft, flri£l and temperate,firm and conftant in o\\ ning and atlert- 
 ing the Doftrines of Chriftianity that have been deli\ ercd to them, 
 that being throughly furniflied with this pure Evangelical Doftrine, 
 they may be able both to perfwade and contort others, and mightily to 
 convince thofe that refill and oppofe the truth. And certainly it was 
 trr .. not without great reafon, that the Apoflle required tliat tbe Guides 
 and Governors of the Church fliould be thus able to convince gam- 
 fajers. For whatever Authors report of Crete, that it bred np Serpents 
 or venemous Creatures, yet certain it is that the poifon of Error and 
 Hercfie had infinuated it felf there together with the entertainment of 
 Tit. 1. 10. Chriftianity, there being manj unruly and vain talkers, ejpecially they oj the 
 Verfc 14, Circumc/Jion, who endeavoured to corrupt the Doftrine of the Gofpel with 
 Jewijh Fables, groundless and unwarrantable Traditions, myftical and 
 «— 3. 9, Cabal/ft ic explications, and fool /Jh quefiions and genealogies. For the JeivSy 
 borrowing their notions herein from the Schools of Plato, were fallen 
 into a vein of deriving things from an imaginary generation, firft Binah 
 or Underftanding, then Achmoth or Cochmah Wifdom, and fo till they 
 came to Milcah the Kingdom, and Schekinah or the Divine Pref^nce. 
 Much after the fame rate as the Poets of old deduced the pedigrees of 
 their gods, they had firfl their feveral fTjuwykaui their conjuntltons, the 
 coupling and mixing of things together, and thence proceeded their 
 '§^ia.7s.o'yioL their genealogies or generations ; out of Chaos came Erebus and 
 the dark night, the conjunftion of whom begot yEther and the Day, and 
 [a)Hefiod.7he- thcncc (a) He/iod Tpwcecds to explain the whole Pagan Theology concerning 
 ogo>i.p.m.^66. ^i^g original of their gods. 
 
 VII. IN imitation of all which, and from a mixture of all together 
 
 the Falentinians, Bafilidians, and the reft of the Gnojlic crew formed 
 
 the fenflefs and unintelligible Schemes of their n?.vif w/-{a and XXX /Eo- 
 
 nes, divided into three ClalTes of Conjunft ion ; in the firil; were four 
 
 couples. Profundity and Silence, Mind and Truth, the Word and Life, 
 
 Man and the Church : in the fecond five, viz. prcfound and Mixture, 
 
 Ageratus and Vnion, &ic. in the tiiird fix, the Paraclete and faith, Pa- 
 
 tricos and Hope, &c. Of all which if any defire to know more, they may 
 
 (if they can underftandit) find enough in Irenteus, Tertullian,'ssA Epi- 
 
 (WH-rrq/rxxxi. plianiiis, to this purpofe. The {b) laft of v/hom not only affirms exprefly 
 
 ^tJ.de'pra-'^' that ValeHtimis and his Party introduced I^^'ollo^.v 'Trumiw^ the fabulous 
 
 fcript.Hxret.c. and Poetic fancies of the Heathens, but draws a particular parallell be- 
 
 7. ;.. 204. tween Hefwd's Theogonia, and their thirty JEmes or Ages , ccnfifling 
 
 of
 
 The Life of S. T it u s. 
 
 6i 
 
 of fittcLii Couples or Conjugations, Male and Female, which he ihews 
 cxa(JHy to agree both iiitlic nuinl)tr, defign, and order ot them. For 
 inflance, rJeutinui liii Iribe Ugins thus; 
 
 Ampliu 
 Aur.iJH 
 
 Bucuj 
 Iharthnu 
 
 ■) , . S Profundity 
 r''=^t IS t Silence. 
 
 } 
 
 Jh^trdeaJte j" 
 
 Akrexa ■> 
 
 Atarharh<i y 
 
 S Mind 
 t 'JVuth. 
 
 ; Word 
 (Uk. 
 
 J Man 
 (. Church, 
 &c. 
 
 All wiiich was nothing but a trifling and fantafli- K"' '•'t* t^i ?/' 7(i<Luvn ,uuvuf ^{ 
 cal imitation ot /h-licrhs I'rcmny and generation r"^i't^5!l'^'l^-"X?t^'*'- "i^"'" 
 ot the gods, which being joined in conjugations roj.n'* , bi iav tk Tj-yuifut 7? r!^i 
 
 and the other, but only the change and altera- f«''^;T»''''«^i:«^'^^fr''''Jf.'«f>i^->i';- 
 tionof the names. This may lumce tor a Spe- ^omti ¥ lTnT^if;zr minvKU t^,v r «'>»- 
 c/men to lliew whence this idle Generation bor- f^"^' '"^""^ «J JiA^Jpiaf, iJir *«.o/»- 
 their extravagant conceits, though there f^„, pafCiciKntlrliui-n^.i^^.WixA: 
 vcre that had fet much what the like on toot be- 
 fore the time of yaleMtmus. By fuch dark and \\ild notions and prin- 
 ciples the tjlje Apojiles both in Crete and elfewhcre, fought to undermine 
 the Chriftian Doolrine, mixing it alio with Principles of great loofnefs 
 and liberty, that they might the eafilier infmuate thcmdlves into the af- 
 fe«;lions of men, whereby they brought over numerous Profclitts to their 
 Party, of whom //ry njjfic Mcrihamlije, gaining fullicient advantage to Tit i. n. 
 themlelves. So that 'twas abfolutcly nccellary that thefemcns mouths 
 ihould be Hopped, and that they Hiouid not be fuflcred to go on under a 
 fliew (it fuch loity and fublime fpcculations, and a pretence of ( hri- 
 ftian lilKrty, to pervert men from the Chrillian Religion, and tlieplain- 
 nefs and fiinplicity of the Gorjxl. Having done w ith EccleCaftics, he 
 proceeds to give dire£>ions tor perfons of all .Ages and Capacities, whe- 
 ther old or young, men or women, children or I'ervaiits, and then of 
 more public concernment, Rulers and People, and indeed how to de- 
 port our felves in the general carriage of our lives. In the clofc of the 
 Epiflle he wilhes him to turnilh '/.en.u and Apol/is, tlie two Aj>oftoIi- 
 cal Ntellen^ers 1 y w horn tliis I erter wascon\eyed to hiin,\\ ith all things 
 nccellary for their return, commanding that he hiinlell with all conveni- 
 ent fpccd Ihould meet him at N/copc//s ( though where that was is not 
 certain, whether Siccpo!/^ in Ppirus, fo called irom .-///c;'V/'o his Vidory 
 there over .hitcHx and ( lecp.ur,^ or rather N/cf>p://i in /ir.ur, ujwn the 
 River AW;/<, not far from the borders of M.icf//fln/j, whither .St. Paul 
 was now going, or tome other City, wliercof many in tho!e |>arts of that 
 name) wlicre lie had refolved to fjxnd his Winter. .And that by with- 
 
 '• 'wipg
 
 62 Th UfeofS.TiTus. 
 
 drawing fo ufeful and vigilant a Shepherd he might not feem to cxpofc 
 his Flock to the fury and the rage ot' the Woh es, he promifcs to fend , i/ - 
 temas or Tjchicus to fupply his place durirghisabfence from tlicm. 
 
 VIII. S. P A V L departing from Bphtjus was come to Trcas^ where 
 
 though he had a fair opportunity to preach the Golpcl offered to liim, 
 
 2Cor.2.i2,i3.yct (^ as himfelf tells US ) lehadnorejt in bis Spirit, kcjuje Le jiMf.d 7iot 
 
 Titus his Brother^ whom he impatiently expeiled to bring him an account 
 
 of the ftate of the Church of Corinth ; whether litus had been with 
 
 him and been fent upon this errand, or had been commanded by him to 
 
 take Cor /«^/; in his way 'ixom Crete, \.s not known. Not meeting him here, 
 
 2Cor.7.5,6,7. away he goes for Macedonia , where at length Titus arrived and com- 
 
 &.i3>'4'i5- forted him under all his other forrows and diffculties, with the Joyful 
 
 ncwes of the happy condition of the Church oiCorihtb , and how readily 
 
 they had reformed thole mifcarriages , which in his former Epifi le he had 
 
 charged uponthem,fully making good that great charader which he had 
 
 given of them to Titui, and whereof they gave no inconfiderable evidence, 
 
 in that kind and welcome entertainment which Titus found amongft 
 
 them. Soon after St. Paul having received the CoUedf ions of the ALce- 
 
 2 Cor 8. 6, donian Churches for the indigent C hriflians at Jcrujii/ew, lent back Titus 
 
 15, i6. ' and with him St. Luke to Corinth, to excite their Charity, and prepare 
 
 their contributions againll his own arrival there, and by tliem he wrote 
 
 his fecond Epiftle to that Church. 
 
 IX. TITZ) S faithfully difcharged his errand to the Church oi Cc- 
 rinth and having difpatched the fervices for which he w as fenr, returned, 
 we may fuppofe, back to Crete. Nor do we hear any further news of 
 f )p de Na- ^^^^ ^^^ ^' i'"^"^^^ Imprifonment at Rome, whither he came (if my; j)Author 
 tal. Hin. ss. fay true) about two years after him, and continued with him till his Mar- 
 hb. 7-c- 1°8. tyrdom, whereat he was prefent, and together with S. Z..v^f committed 
 him to his Grave. An account, which I confefs I am the lefs inclined to 
 2 Tim 4- 1 o. believe, becaufe alTured by S. Paul himfelf, that before his death Titus had 
 left him, and was gone into Dalmatia, a Province of I/iyricum, to plant 
 that fierce and warUke Nation with the Gofpel of Peace, taking it pro- 
 bably in his way in order to his return for Crete. And this is the laft: 
 notice we find taken of him in the Holy Writings, nor do the Records 
 ." ■ of the Church henceforward furnilh us with any certain iMen-.oirs or Re- 
 marks concerning him. Indeed were the llory which fome tell us 
 true, one thing alone were enough to make him memorable to polle- 
 rity, I mean his converting Pliny the Tounger, that learned and eloquent 
 man, Pro-Confuloi Bithy>,ia, and intimate Privy Councellor to Trajan the 
 (^)Pef.</eN4- Emperor. For fo they tell us {h), that returning from his Province in 
 t.ii. loc. at. ex Qiihy„ia^ he Landed in Crete, where the Emperor had commanded him 
 Xem(iutfir- to crect a Temple to Jupiter : which was accordingly done, and no foo- 
 »Hr )/cn/f. F/. nerfinilhed, but St. T/j'w curfed it, and it immediately tumbled to the 
 PJfX'^o- f>^/'- Qxound. The man, you may guels, wasllrangely troubled, and came 
 
 Chron.ad Ann. b , i • "^ "^ ° /i i i i i y i i • 
 
 ccxx. with tears to the holy man, to requelt hiS counsel, who adviled ium to 
 begin it in the name of the God of the Chrillians, and it would not fail 
 to profpcr ; he did fo, and having f.nilhed it, w as himfelf, together 
 with his fon Baptized. Nay fome to make tiie Story pcrfefV, add, that 
 he fuffered Mart} rdom for the Faith at Novccornutn a City of h.julria 
 in ItJy, where he was born. The Reader I prefume w ill not expetft 
 1 ihould take pains to confute this Story, fuil.ciently improbable in it 
 fch', and which I behold as jull of the fame Metal, and coined in the 
 
 fame
 
 'I be Life ^/ 5. T I T u s. 63 
 
 fame Mint u ith tliatofhis Maftcr Tr.jyjw'sfoul being delivered our of HcII 
 by tlic prayers at ^r. (ircgor) tJic 0/r.;r, (o gravely told, fo kriouily be- 
 lieved by many, not in the Greek Church only, but in the Ciiurch oi {')D.vn.tfctn.^ 
 Home: niy, whicli the whole /i.ijfin<\n'tj{, ( if we may believe (a) i^.'- cr^r-tM*^*! 
 mjJi.eM) held to be ■jin^jf x] ditaC/rHoi., true and uncontroulable. 
 
 X. S. inns lived, as the Ancients tell us, to a great age, dying 
 about the ninety tourth year of his hie. He died m peace (fays (^)5<»/'/'/-c- (l>) /tp. ihcrcn. 
 tiim and ' < ") llidore] and lies buried in Crete : X.\\c{(l)Homjn ALirtyroicfi^y adds, j,^"'^' '" 
 that he was buried in that veryC hurch, wherein St.Fju/ ordained him (c)Devit.(Sol'. 
 BKhop of that Illand. I underlland him where a Church was afterwards ,"ijjj^;^;^"|v 
 built, it not being likely there Ihould be any at that time. At Cjndu, fan. f.'lT. 
 the Metropolis or the Illand, tliere is, or lately u as, an ancient and iKau- 
 tiful (e) Cnurch dedicated to S. 'Inm^ wherein under the higli Altar his re- /(t^*J7r/6» 
 mains are laid to be honourably laid up, and are both by the OVff/i and 
 Latins held in great veneration. Though \shat is become of tliem fincc 
 that famous ( ity lately fell into the hands of the Turk^ that great fcourgc 
 of Chriftcndom, is to me unknown. His leiii-val is celebrated in the 
 Wejiern Church on the IV. day o{ 'January^ in x\\cGreek C hurch Aufuft 
 the \XV. and among the Chriftians in A'ppt ( as appears by tlie Arabic 
 Calcndir publilhcd by (/ ) MrSeldn) the XXll. of the Month Barmahath, ^J^^^f'' 
 anfweringto our March the XVIIl. is confecrated to hii memory. ■^. "' 
 
 The End 0/ S. T I T U S '.f Life. 
 
 THE

 
 6< 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. DIONYSIUS 
 
 THE 
 
 AREOPAGITE. 
 
 S. DION YSl VS ARFJFAGl TA 
 
 Dionyfius ioi^ at Alliens. 77;? 9«j///'y of f'is Parents, His Domtftic 
 JUdiei. His foreign Travels. Eg>pt frequent e^ as the fljpU phce of aU 
 recondite Lejrntnt^. Hu reddcHce at Hcliopolis. nefirange and m- 
 
 Y^ rjculotts
 
 66 
 
 The Life tf/ S. D i o n y s i u s. 
 
 * tficr. Orat. 
 Areofag.f. 1 47 
 %'id. Mttxim. 
 Prolog. Oper. 
 S.DionyJ.Pref. 
 fi- 34- 
 
 f SuiJ. in Vac. 
 AioVb<Q-.p. 
 
 744- 
 
 *Siiid.uhifu-pr. 
 Maxim.Pii- 
 cl.ym. Syncel- 
 tilttcjue flurei. 
 "I" Encom. 
 5". Diomf. 
 f.y,<).Tom.i. 
 
 raculotis EcUpfe at our Saviours Pajfton. Diony fills his remanjues upon 
 it. His return to Athens^ and heingmadeot:e oj the Judges cj the Axqo- 
 pagus. The nature of this Court : the number and quality of its Judges. 
 S. Paul arraigned before it : his difcourje^ and its juccejs. Dionyfius his 
 converfwn. His further injlruciion by Hiel-otheus. Hierotheus, ivho. 
 Dionyfius conftituted Bijhop of Athens. A brief account of his Story 
 according to thofe that confound him ivith Dionyfius Bi/hop of Paris. 
 Thefe /hewn to be dijiinil. The Original and procedure of the mijiake en- 
 quired into. A probable account given of it. Dionyfius his Martyrdom 
 at Athens, and the time of it. A fabulous miracle reported of his Scull. 
 The defcription of his per/on^ and the hyperbolical commendations which 
 the Greeks give of him. The Books ajcribed to him. T/je/e none of his. 
 ApolUnaris (^probably ) fhewed to be the Author of them. Several pa ff ages 
 of the Ancients noted to that purpofe. Books why oft publifhed under 
 other mens names. Theje Books the Foundation of Enthuftafm and myftical 
 Theology. A p^fj^-fge in them inflanced in to that purpoje. 
 
 1^ DIONTSIVS was born 2X Athens, the Eye 
 ^•\>^ of Greece , and Fountain of Learning and Hu- 
 
 manity, the only place that without competi- 
 tion had for fo many Ages maintained an uncon- 
 trolled reputation for Arts and Sciences, and to 
 which there was an univerfal confluence of per- 
 fcns from all parts of the World to accomplilh 
 themfelves in the more polite and ufeful Studies. 
 Though we find nothing particularly concern- 
 ing his Parents, yet we may lafely conclude them to have been perfons 
 of a noble quality, at leafl of a better rank than ordinary, feeing none 
 were admitted to be Areopagite Judges (as * one who knew very \\ell 
 informs us) OaZm) o'l^hSi ^^^I'OTg?, 5^ -tumZe/J dperlw kj c-axpofiovvlw CA' mS 
 
 (iico it-SiS'eiyijS^jot, unlefs they were nobl)^ born, and eminently exem- 
 plary for a vertuous and a fober life. Being born in the very midfl of 
 Arts and Civility, his education could not but be learned and ingenuous, 
 efpecially confidering the advantages of his birth and fortunes. Ac- 
 cordingly hewastinfl:ruftedin all the learned Sciences of Grd'£'(:c,w here- 
 in he made fuch vafl improvements, that he eafily out-ftript any of his 
 time : fcarce any Seft or Inflitution in Philofophy then in vogue, which 
 he had not confidcred and made trial of: it does not indeed appear to 
 which of them he particularly devoted and applied himfelf; and they 
 who fuppofe him to have addided himfelf to the School of Plato, do ir, 
 I conceive for no other reafon, than becaufe the Doftrine contained in 
 the Books that bear his name, feems foneerofkin to the principles of 
 that noble Se6V. 
 
 II. BUT it was not an homebred Inflitution, or all the advantages 
 whicli Athens could afford, that could fill the vafl capacities of his mind, 
 which he therefore refolved to polilli and improve by foreign Travels. 
 Being in the prime and vigour of his Youth, about the age of XXV 
 * years, hewokwilh liim one Apcllophanes a Rhetorician, his fellow-ftu- 
 dent, and ]{ -f Syncelh/s fay true ) his Kinfman, who was afterwards at 
 Smyrna, Mafler to Folemon the Laodicean, as he was to Ariflides the fa- 
 mous Philofopher and Apologifl for the Chriffians. Thus furniihed 
 v»'ith a fuitable Companion, he is laid to have gone for y?g>/i/,to converfe 
 
 with
 
 The Life of S. D i o n y s i u s. ^7 
 
 witli their Philofophcrs and Wife Men, that he might ]>erfc(n-liimrc!r in 
 thcStikly ol tfic J/.i//r»f.j//tr, ani.1 the more m)ltcri()us and rcaxidirc 
 parrs ot 1 earning. Ezypt had in all .Ages bc-cn looked upon as the prime 
 6'chool not only of Allrology, but ot the more abllrulc and uncom- 
 mon Ipeeulat^nsoK Theolcngy j and the great Malk-rs o\ Wiklom ami I")i- 
 vinlty among the O'fv;.'./o never iliought they had gained enougli, till 
 th-jy lud crowned their Studies by converfing wirh ihe Egyptian .Sages. 
 Hence it v\ as trequentcd by Orpheuiy I lumtr^ Hvlon^ I hales, by Fjtf.Jio- 
 r.is and /7.;.'(;, and whom not ? nay of I'^rhjionh {j)Clemensoi Alexjudru {ujStromdtU. 
 rc|X)rtsthat hcfurlcrcd himlelt to Ix- circumcifcd, that fo he might be'?3°2- 
 admitted t,'; -ra *Ji/tz, to the concealed Kites and Notions of their Re- 
 ligion, and be acquainted with their fecret and myllical Plulorophy. 
 The place he fixed at wx^HclicpoL^, aCaty betwe-en Coptus and W/c.v.a- 
 </r/.;, where the fi\pnjn Pricfls for the moil refided, as a place admira- 
 bly advantagious for the contemplation of the Heavenly bodies, and the 
 6tudy of rhilofophy and .Allroaomy ; and where (^)iV/'j/<7( who lived ft; g*»?m6*. 
 much about this time ) tells us he was llieWed the habitations of the ''^'7/306. 
 rriells, and the apartments of yV.;/o and Euduxus, who hved hcretliir- 
 teen years ; nay, a very ancient (t) Hiflorian allures us, that Abraham him- ^'^ AUxanJ. 
 felf lix'cd here, and taught the Egyptian Pricfts Aftronomy, and other j^'fij^i^'J!' 
 parts of Ljcarnin^. Eu/eb. frjp. 
 
 III. I) lONl SIVS no doubt plied his Studies in this place, during ^"^•S- ^- '• 
 whole flay there, one memorable accident is reported. The Son of*^" ' 
 God about this time was delivered up at "jcrufSUm to an acute and 
 llumetui death by the hands of Violence and Injuflice; when the Sun, 
 as if alhamcd to behold fo great a wickednefs, hid his head, and put on 
 mourning to wait upon the Funerals of its Maker. Tliis Eclipfe was 
 contrary lo all the known Rules and Laws of Nature, it hapning in a 
 Full Moon, wlicn the Moon is in its greateft diflance from the Sun, and 
 confe-vjuently not liable to a conjun:lion with him, the Moon moving 
 it fch under tlie Sun Iromits Oriental to its Occidental point, and thence 
 back b)' a retrograde motion, caufing a flrange defcdion of light lor 
 three hours together. Tiiat there was fucha wonderful and preternatu- 
 ral darknels oz'er all the Earth tor three hours at the time of our Saviours 
 fullering, whereby the Sun was darkned, is unanimoufly artefled by the 
 tvarigelvcal Hillorians ; and not by them only, but (//^ Fhlegpn Trallianiu U) chronu.hb. 
 fometiraci lervaiit to the hmiKrour 7r.;/j;r, fpcaks oianEcl/pJe of t]ic IJ^P'"[^^M- 
 Sun that liapned about that time, Mtytpi tT-j />«'<>)£;. <r)u^jwi' TTt^e^r, the c/ln xxxiT 
 greateftot any that had been ever known, whereby the day was turned '-i-iGrxca tr. 
 u\to night, and the Stars appcaretl at noon-day, an Earthquake alio ac- q^/"^°^"^*''''' 
 company ing it,s\hereby many houfes at N/ce in Bithynia were o\cxx.\iv- Ceijj.z.f.^o.d 
 ncd. Apctiophunes beholding this ftrange Eclipfe, cried out to Diony-^f"' '^'^*■^• 
 Jiiu that thefe were changes and revolutions of fome great affairs ; to xviiTifiifT 
 whom tlie other replied, that either Gcd fuffercd, or at t'eajl Jyr»path/zed Ao:vnf;dj. 
 and lore part ivith him that did. I confeistlicfe pllages are not fo be '"^""^^ '*°' 
 Ibiind in the mod ancient Writers of the Church: but that ought to be no 
 jufl exception, when we confidcr what little care wastjien taken tocon- 
 fign thingsto writing, and how great a part of thofc few ancient Records 
 tiiat were written wcrequic'dy I>>1^, whereof Eufehiiis fulliciently com- 
 plains; not to fay,that a great many writings might, and did cfcape his 
 notice; and c /I /.^v/»»<ij, I remember, anfweringtheobjedlion, that the fr)' 
 Books afcrlbcdtoS. /V«>i are not mentioned by Eujehiu, telh us, that*/*', • 
 
 K i lum-
 
 6S The Life of S. T> i o n y s i u s. 
 
 liimfelt" had met with feveral pieces of the Ancients, of whicli not the 
 leall footdcp in Eujehius. But however tliat be, it concludes not 
 againfl the matter offadV, many things though never entered upon Re- 
 cord, being as to the lubftance of them, preferved by conftant Tradi- 
 tion and Report. I deny not but tliat the feveral Authors who report 
 tliis pallage, might immediately derive it out of the Epiftles faid to be 
 \\ ritten to 5. Fclycarp and ^pcll()pl.\ines. Rut then cannot fiippofe that 
 the Author of thefe Epiftles did purely feign the matter of fatl of his 
 . ' own head, but rather delivered what Tradition had conveyed down to 
 
 his time. Indeed that which would more Ihreu dly Ihake the founda- 
 
 * TraR. tian of the Story, if it be true, is what * Origen fuppofes, that this clarktiefs 
 l^A^f^"' ^^''^^ ^^'^^ °'^^^ ^^^ the Earth, zn\i the Earthquake that attended our Lord's 
 ^^.col.i"'. ' PaiTion, extended no farther than Judiv.i, as fome of the Prodigies no 
 
 farther than Jerujltlem. But to what degrees of truth or probability that 
 opinion may approve it felf, I leave to others to enquire. 
 
 IV, D 10 NTS W S having finilhed his Studies at He//opclis, retur- 
 ned to Athe>!S, incomparably fitted to ferve his Country, and accord- 
 ingly was advanced to be one of the Judges of the Areopagus^ a place of 
 great honour and renown. The Areopagus was a famous Senate-houfe 
 built upon a Hill in Athens, wherein aflembled their great Court of Ju- 
 
 t Anftid.Tom. ftice, t-'/J' cc tois Em«c7( Sl^a.<pipla:i' TifMooTouov ^ ayia)Tcx.!oy, asjone Calls it, 
 
 '•fSS'- the moft facred and venerable Tribnual in all Greece. Under their cog- 
 nizance came all the greater and more capital Caufes, and efpecially 
 matters of Religion, blafpemy againft the gods, and contempt of the 
 holy myileries; and therefore S.Paul was arraigned before this Court, 
 as a Jetter forth ofjirange gods, when he preached to them concerning J ejus 
 and Anaflafis, or the Re/urrefl/on. None might be of this Council but 
 perfons of birth and quality, wife and prudent men, and of very flridt 
 and fevere manners, and fo great an awe and reverence did this folemn 
 Ucofufr. and grave Aflembly ftrike into thofe that fate in it, that * JJccrates tells 
 us, that in his time, when they were fomewhat degenerated from their 
 ancient Vertue, however otherwife men were irregular and exorbitant, 
 yet once chofen into this Senate, they prefently ceafed from their vicious 
 inclinations, and chofc rather to conform to the Laws and Manners of 
 that Court, v t mj-P^S xaxtoji gf/f4J«v, than to continue in their wild 
 
 • and debauch'd courfe of life. They were exaftly upright and impar- 
 tial in their proceedings, and heard caufes at night, or in the dark, that 
 the perfon of the Plaintiff or the Pleader might have no undue influence 
 
 ■; upon tliem. Their fentence was decretory and final, and from their de- 
 
 termination lay no appeal. Their number was uncertain, by fome re- 
 flrained to nine, by others enlarged to tliirty one, by others to fifty one, 
 and to more by fome. Indeed the Ncvemviri, who were the Bajileus or 
 King, the Archcn, thePolemarchus, and the fix Ihefmotheta, were the 
 conllant Seminary and Nurfery of this great Aflembly, who having dif- 
 charged their feveral Offices, annually pafled into the Areopagus, and 
 J^^;^"''"'-'-^- therefore when Socrates was condemned by this * Court, we find no 
 y II 5. '^'* ' lefs than two hundred fourfcore and one, giving their Votes againfl 
 — H HiAPEonAroT BOTAH him, befides thofe whofe [t'hite Stones were for 
 T SI N f p I A K o 2 in N, K Ai o AH- his Abfolution : and in an ancient Infcription up- 
 ^^"l/S/^'^F.tef.rlx.^^^i^wf^l'rs! on a Column in theAcropoL^ at Athens, ereded 
 1.0/. 3 1 8. to the memory of Rufus Fejhs, Proconful of 
 
 Greece, and one of thefe Judges, mention is made of the Areopagite Senate 
 of three hundred, V. I N 
 
 laudat.
 
 The Life of S. D i o n y s i u s. 6 v 
 
 V. I N this grave and venerable judicature fate our S. Penvs^ when 
 S. /'.;«/ about the year XIJX or I , came to Athens^ wlierehe rcrolutely 
 alTertedihe caufe of Chrillinivty agiinll the attempts utrhe Stoic and 
 EpiiKrejH Plulolophcrs, who mainl) appeared againllir. The AthcuuHs^ 
 who were infinitely curious and fuperflitioiis in nutters ot Kdigion, not 
 knowing wliat to make ot tins nc\^• and llrange Doctrin that hctaughr, 
 j'rel'cntly brought himbel'ore the . iV^'Y/j'^z/i-Senate, to whom the pro- 
 jH.r cogni/ince ot liich caulis did I elong. Utre inantat and eIov]uent 
 dil(:ourle,dehverednot with greater tixeJom ot mind, than Ibcngth of 
 rcafon, he plainly ilemonllrated the folly and abfurdity ot rhofe many 
 vain deities, wliom they bhndly worlhipped, explained to them that in- 
 finite Being that made and gnverned the W'orhl, and winr indilixnlable 
 obligations he had laid upon all Mankind to vsorlhip and adore him, 
 and h )W much he had enforced all tormcr engagements to gratitude and 
 obedience, to reix.'ntance and relormation by this laft and bell difpenfi- 
 tion, by lending his Son to publilh fo excellent a Religion to the World. 
 His difcourfe however entertained by fome with (corn and laughter, and 
 gravely put oil' by others,) et wanted not a happy influence upon man}', 
 whom it convinced of the realonablenefs and divinity of tiie Chriflian 
 Faith: among whom was our Z)/cw»yVw-«,oiK'of the Judges that fate up- 
 on him, and D.imjri\ his wife ( for lb * S. Chfojhm and others make her) *Oe[Merdot. 
 and probably his whole houfe. An f Author ( I contbfs I know not by ^'^^Jilnf^' 
 wiiat Aurhorit)- ) relates a particular difpute between l)/on\fnu and I'-pj^- Sii.p. 
 .S. /'j.'</ concerning the 7Jnknoivn Go^, who as God-man was to ap}:>car i'**'. ?""• \- 
 in the latter Ages to retorm tlic World ; this the Apoftle Ihewcd to be sjDwm'fl/ij, 
 the Holy Y'/'S lately comedown from Heaven, and fofatisfiedS. iV«>j 8..i;S(/r.od(ii. 
 that he prayed him to intercede with Heaven, that he might be tully ^^"^' '^^' 
 confirmed m this belief. The next day S. I\iu/ having reftorcd fight 
 
 to one that was born blind, charged him to goto Diofiyjius^ and by that 
 token claim hispromileto be his Convert; who being amazed at this 
 light, readily renounced his Idolatry, and was with his houfe baptized 
 into the Faith of ("hrift. Hu;: I know the credit of my Author too well 
 to lay any great flrefs upon this relation, and the rather l)ecaufe I find 
 that Bjnwiifi himfelf is not willing to \cnture his Faith upon it. To 
 which I miglit add ' S. Chryjifloms obfervation, that tlie Aieopj^r^itew^s *i^-fi'pr, 
 converted k-r. ht^jn^'^plai f4ymi only by S. F^uh difcourfe, there being """' 
 no miracle that we know of, that might promote and further ir. 
 
 VI. li 1. 1 N G baptized, lie was,we are (_.i') told, committed to the care WS. Me:jpl.\ 
 and tutorage of S.J fierothcus^xo be by him further inllru.ted in the Faith, "f- *'"■ ''''•'• 
 a perlon not lb much as mentioned by any of the .Ancients, which creates nbl'l'Zj^^u- 
 with me a vehement fufpicion, that it is only a feigned name, and tliat '^•'^^""■'M' 
 no fuch |x.Tf()n e\ er really was in the World. Indeed the ( /;) Greek Me- iTp'^Zr't 
 ttacn makes him to have been one ot the Nine Senators of the Areopagus., (i-) V; j'Tk ' 
 to have been converted by S. Faul^ and by him made Biihop of Athens., *"^f'"V- 
 and the nappoinrcd Tutor to S. Peuys. [c) Others make him by birth a "'^ ^J"-j>- 
 .s/>.;«/.7r<y, firfl Biihop of Athens., and then travelling into his own Coun- ^.Mm. c4r* 
 try, Bifliop of Sc^ovi,i in Sp.i/n. .And loth I 1 elievc- w ith e^jual truth. LXXI. 
 Nor probably had fuch a ix:rfon ever been thought of, had there not 
 
 iK-en fome intimanonsof fuch an indruffor in Dtonylius his Works, con- 
 firmed by the iV/'c///.;'/f that writ upon him, and aiteruards by others 
 improved into a tbrm.il Story: .As \otS. DioMylJHs he is made to travel 
 witJi i). Fanl for three years after his Converfion, and then to have 
 
 been
 
 70 J'lje Life of S.DioNY sius. 
 
 been conftituted by him Bilhop of J /hens ; fo that it was necefiary it 
 
 feemsto pack Hierotkeus into Spain^ that room might be made for him. 
 
 Indeed that Dio»\jnu \vas,and that without any affront to >^. Hierotkeus^ 
 
 theiirll: Bilhop of W/'/.'fw-S we are allured by an Authority that cannot be 
 
 doubted, {a) Dionjjius the famous Bilhop of Corinth { who Uvcd not long 
 
 (a) AfudEuf. after him) expreily aHirming it ; and (b) Nicepkoms adds,what is probable 
 
 H.EccU.3. C.4. enough, that it was done with 5. }\iufs own hands. I Iball but mention 
 
 I'z^p^iAi^' his journey to Jerujci/em to meet the ApoHles, who are faid to have 
 
 lb) "kiceth. come from all parrs of the World to be prefent at the laft hours of the 
 
 H.EccU.z. Biejie^l yirzhu's.nd. his leveralVifitations of the Churches in Pkrwia znd 
 
 ^c/.w J, to plant or confirm the taith. 
 
 VII. ALL which, fuppofmgthey were true, yet here we mufl take 
 our leave. For now the Writers of his Life generally make him pre- 
 pare for a much longer journey. Having fetled his affairs at Athens, 
 and fubftituted a Succeflbr in \\\sSee^ he is faid to go to Rome ( a brief ac- 
 count of things fliall fuffice, where no truth lies at the bottom ) at Rome 
 he was difpatchcd by S.Ciemens into France, where he planted the Faith, 
 andibunded anEpifcopal See at Paris^ whence after many years, about 
 the ninetieth year of his A ge,he returned into the £.7//, toconverfe with 
 S. Jokn at EpheJitSy thence back again to Pans, where he fuffered mar- 
 tyrdom, and among infinite other miracles reported of him, he is faid to 
 have taken up his head, after it had been cut off" by the Executioners, 
 and to have carried it in his hands ( an Angel going hefore, and an hea- 
 venly Ckorus attending him all the way ) tor two miles together, till he 
 came to the place of his interment, where he gently laid it and himfelf 
 down, and was there honourably entombed. This is the fum of a very 
 tedious Story. A Story fo improbable in it felf, fo dire6fly contrary to 
 ie)Sacr. Hift. wliat (c) Set'eriis Sulpitius aiiirms,that none were martyred for the Faith in 
 lib.z.^agM,^. p^^jfj^g^ till the fifth Perfecution under the reign of M. ^urel/us Antoni- 
 nus , that I fliall not fpend much time in its confutation. Efpecially 
 when the thing has been unanfwerably done by fo many learned and 
 ingenious men in the Church of Rome, and by none more efTedually than 
 Sirmond and Launoy, who have cleared it beyond all poflibilities of jufl 
 exception. 
 [d)vfuard. VIII. INDEED we find in feveral very ancient ('ri')/^/^/•/v/■<'/<!gw, as 
 Martyr. ea- ^\^q \^ ^^^ Gregory Bifliop of Tours , who reports it out of the Atts of 
 vw.iHoBob. Saturnhius the Martyr, that one Dionypus withfome others was fent by 
 Martyr. Bedx the Bidiop of Rome into France in the time of Dec'nts theFmperour, Ann. 
 lc)Gre%l°ron ^^■"'- CCL. where he preached the Chriftian Faith, and became Bifliop 
 Htft.franc. o{ Pari', and after great torments and fufferings, was beheaded for his 
 f'^-t-c.2j--p. rcfolute and conftant profefiTion of Religion, and accordingly his mar- 
 Chefn^ "' "' tyrdom is recorded in the mod ancient J^Jartyro/og/es, upon a day di- 
 ftin£t from that of the Athenian Dionyfius , and the lame miracles 
 afcribed to him, that are reported of the other. And that this was 
 . ' the firft and true foundation of the Story , I fuppofe no wife man 
 
 will doubt. Nor indeed is the leaft mention made of any fuch thing, 
 I am furc not in any Writer of Name and Note, till the times of 
 (f)Vtnipift. Charles the Great: When (f)LuJovicus Emperour, and King of France 
 eju4,(^HMui?t. ■wrote to HiUuin Ahhot ofS. Denys, to pick up what ever Memoirs he 
 s^'loccftat'^ could find concerning him, either in the Books of the Greeks or Latins, 
 or fuch Records as they had at home, and to digeft and compile them 
 into orderly Tra<3s. He did fo, and furnilhcd out a very large and par- 
 ticular
 
 IIjc Life of S. D i o N Y s I [1 s. 71 
 
 ricular rtlation, uhichuax quickly improved and defended by I /mcmar 
 13ilhop olA/v/wff, Scholar to ////V/.//W, and .'t't.iji.ilnn, Billiotheijnus of 
 /iV/wf, to wliom the Greek \S filers ot" that and tljc following Ages rea- 
 dily gi\ ctiieir Vote and Siiflragc. Nor has a late (u) Autlior much men- i'^l^t^iBo^' 
 dcd the matter in point of Antiquity, who tells m that in a convention TLarijf.nuer 
 of liilliops in />./«(<• held ,///'/. IXXX XXV. ten years before Hildntn ^^j^'d.Vtttr. 
 vsToie his Jicf.iv^iticsj mention is made of S. Lhimlins his I eing lent into ^''^' 
 Jranve by CUnnHS S. Peter\ vSucccHor. For wc can eafily allow that 
 thclre might about that timeLe fome blind ami obfcure Tradition,though 
 ihe fragment of the S)nt({^ wliich he there producesdj-c-aks notonelylla- 
 bleof \.\\\s Div>i\!!ui his being the .-ireop^i^ite^ orliavingany relation to A' 
 thctii. In lliort the cafe feems plainly this: 
 
 IX. I/IIA)7JlN let on by his potent Patron, partly that he miglit exalt 
 the honour of/r./wcv, partly to advance the reputation of his particular 
 Convent, Hneling an obfcure />/owv///o to have been Biihopof )\;/-i<, re- 
 moves him an Age or two higher, and makes him the fame with him of 
 ^•///r«f, a pcrlbn of greater honour and \eneration, and partly from the 
 Kccords,jiartly from the fradirions currant among thcmklvcs, draws up 
 a tormal account of iiim from firll to lall; adding 'tis like what lie thought 
 good of his own, to make up the .Story. Thefe Commentaries of his, 
 Methc fuppofc, were ijuickl\ conve) ed to AW;^, wlierc being met with 
 liy the (jrcehy who came upon trequeni Embaflies to that See about that 
 time, they were carried over to CotijLipitinople^ out of which Methodius 
 ( who had himfelf been Aprocnjuinui or EmbalTador from Nicephorus the 
 Greek }\itri.inh to Fvpe J\ijcl:j/at Rome, and after infinite troubles was 
 advanced to the F.uriacl.Kit of Conjhwtinople, ) furnifhes himfelf with 
 materials to write the life of Diony/nn : for that he had them not out of 
 the Records of his own Church is plain, in that when IhiAum fet upon 
 coinpofing his Areopapt'ics, he cxprefly fays, (^) that the Greeks had writ- f*'R'yfn>/.4i 
 ten nothing concerning the Martyrdom of^ S. Denys, the particulars ^-'"^'"' ^V^- 
 whereof, by renifon of the vafl diftance, they could not attain. Out of 
 Ifilfltan tjierefore, or at leafl fbme reports of that time, Methcdim mufl 
 needs deri\c his intelligence ; but moft probably from IltlAuh, between 
 \v hofe relation and that of Methodms^ there is fo exact an agreement, 
 not onl}' in particular palTages, but oft-times in the very fame words, 
 as (r) /l/(7«/;£W L.7«;/f>v has demonflrated by a particular collation, flle- ^'^ '^'fp^f-^f- 
 thcdiHS hisTra:b was by the Greek Emballadors cjuickly brought from «" 12'if' '' 
 Confhut/Hop/e to Rome, where (d) Atufijjius concedes he met witli it,tran- (Jji'.piftjuica- 
 flated it into L^r/w, and thence tranfmitted it into fVjwcf, where it was "'^jt'^'T^' 
 read, owned, and publilhcd by [eMlnum.v., as appears by his Epif^Ie tof'i-^i.^' 
 C/ur/cVf the Emjx^rour. Where he plainh tells us, that nofooner had he W£jr'« •«/'"/• 
 read this Life written by Method/us, but he found it admirably to agree ^M^amUlK^ 
 with what he had read in his "S'outh ( he mc^ins I doubt not, tiie Writings cum. 
 of //liduin ) by whom and how the Ael^ of S. Denys and his companions 
 came to the knowledge of the Homjus, and thence to the notice of the 
 Greeks. This is the moft likely pedigree and procedure of the Storj- 
 that I can tliinkof ; and from hence how eafie was it for the after-Wri- 
 ters botli of the Wejtern and the E.illerti C hurch to fwallow down a 
 •Vory, tims phullbly fitted to their tafle? Nor had the Greeks any rea- 
 l(^n ovcr-niccly to examine, or reje:t u hat made fo much for the ho- 
 rourof their Church and Nation, and Iceined to lay not trainee onlv, 
 Lut tlie whole MVy/f;;; Church under an obligation to them, for furniff)- 
 
 ing
 
 72 
 
 The Life of S.D ion y sms. 
 
 *AfudVfu- 
 ard.(3 Adon. 
 Man. V. Nw. 
 Oaobr. 
 
 ^Vid. Author. 
 cttat-af.P.Hal- 
 loix.rtot.advit 
 Dionyf.f. 2^1. 
 
 "^ Th 
 
 OlCTvCf, 
 
 Ibid. 
 
 ing them with fo great and excellent a perl'on. But to return to our 
 Dionyfius. 
 
 X. THOUGH we cannot doubt but that he behaved himfelf with 
 all diligence and fidelity in the difcharge of his Office ; yet becaufe the 
 Ancients have conveyed down no particulars to our hands, we fliall 
 not venture upon reports of falfe , or at beft doubtful credit. No- 
 thing of certainty can be recovered of him, more than what Ariflida 
 the Chriftian Philofopher ( who himfelf lived, and was probably born at 
 Athens^ not long after Dionyfnis) relates in the * Apology which he pub- 
 liihed for the Chriftian Religion, that after a moft rcfolute and eminent 
 confeflion of the Faith, after having undergone fevcral of the fevereft 
 kinds of torment, he gave the laft and great teftimony to it, by laying 
 down his life. This was done, as is moft probable, under the reign of 
 Dom'it'tatj^ as is confefled ( betraid into it by a fecret inftinft of truth ) 
 by Abbot Hilduiti^ Methodius^ and their followers : while others extend 
 it to the times of Trajan^ others to the reign of Adrian^ who entered 
 upon the Empire Ann CXVII. partly that they might leave room enough 
 for the account which they give of him, partly to preferve the Authori- 
 ty of his Writings, wherein a paflage is cited out of Ignatius his Epiftles, 
 written juft before his Martyrdom, Ann.CYW. The Reader I hope will 
 not expeft from me an account of the miracles faid to be done by him 
 either before or fmce his death, or of the fierce contefts that are be- 
 tween feveral places in the Roman Church concerning his Reliques. 
 One paflage however I ihall not omit. In a Village in Luxemburg not 
 far from Treves is a Church dedicated to S. Denys^ wherein is kept his 
 Scull, at leaft a piece of it, on the Crown whereof there is a white Crofs 
 while the other parts of the Scull are black. This, common Tradition, 
 and fome t Authors to avouch it, will have to be made, when S.Paul\z\.d 
 
 ' his hands upon him at his confecration. Which if fo, I have no more 
 ' to obferve, but that Orders ( which the Church of Rome make a Sacra- 
 ment ) did here even in a literal fenfe confer an indelehle charader and 
 mark upon him. 
 
 XI. HIS TUTT©- o-a)|w,aTi>y?, thefhape and figure of his body is by the 
 * Greek Menaon thus defcribed : he was of a middle ftature, flender, fair, 
 but inclining to palenefs, his nofe gracefully bending, hollow-eyed with 
 ihort eye-brows, his ear large, his hair thick and white, his beard mo- 
 derately long, but very thin. For the image of his mind exprefl^d in 
 his difcourfes, and the excellent condu£t of his life, the Greeks accord- 
 ing to their magnifying humour as well as language, beftow moft hyper- 
 bolical elogies and commendations on him. They ftile him, \i^?qi(xviopa, 
 jq -r^r arrrppjiTOv S'fwe^t', the Sacrcd Interpreter and contemplator of hid- 
 den and unfpeakable myfteries, and an unfearchable depth of heavenly 
 
 knowledge; Tg/o.^^^^pi' S-eo'Ao'jpf, 'r^'Cz^ivvoia.v ^cco-moMv ytpicrjj.d'Tuiv ^io- 
 
 (poQpv opyccivr., the Trinitj-Dh/ne, the divine inftrument of thofe enlive- 
 ning graces that are above all comprehenfion. They fay of him that his 
 life was wonderful , his difcourfe more wonderful ; his tongue full of 
 light, his mouth breathing an holy fire ; but his mind a.xp£m ^ionSi<?x.- 
 7©., moft exa£tly like to God ; with a great deal more of the like na- 
 ture up and down their Offices. And certainly were the notions 
 which he has given us of the cceleftial Hierarchy and Orders of An- 
 gels, and the things of that fupramundane State, as clear and cer- 
 tain, as fome would perfuadc us, lie might deferve that title which 
 
 (a) others 
 
 y'. a
 
 The Life of S. D \ o n y s i u s. 7^ 
 
 (j) others givcllim -z^iffCyotv nilunr li i^jtiv, fhe /'W, or th( liirH of {-ryid.Anjnjf 
 Ue,rve,!. " f. ' 
 
 XII. TIIK great and n idcnt dcmoiiUration ot'liis Wildom ami Klo-;.'i 
 qiitncc, wc art told ^ /'\ arc the works which he lelt behind hiiii, the No- •'; ■ 
 
 tions and Language wliere;\ itii tlicy are cloathed, being I'o lofty and fiib- xXr"/' '*"' " 
 lime, as are Ic.uccly capable to l.c- the illueot a meer mortal C>eaturc.('Oi«"^.i«t«:f 
 Bookiiniinittly intricate and pcrpkxt i as our Countryman fOyo/v;f;/f'f'^'"'''f'^' T- 
 ScofiiSy who (irll tranllated tlicm into J^ir/nr, tells us ) tar beyond tlie /xfAVzic.-'o! 
 reach otModern apprchcnhon, and vshich Iilw are able to pierce A '.*7- 
 into, both for their Antiquity, and lubhmenefs of thofe Heavenly [',;^^'j|*'^;'.' 
 M}(leries, whereof they treat. A Work fo grateful to all lix;cula- /("X •'f-'^V'^'- 
 five Enquirers, into the natures of things, and the more abftrule and '-/"''■ '''"""■ 
 recondite parts of Learning, that ( if Sh/(/js fay true) fome of the^'"' 
 Heathen I'hilofopliers, and particularly Froclus, often borro\\s not 
 only his notions , but liis \ cry words and I'hrafcs from him ; u hence 
 he fufpeds , tJiat fome of the Fhilofophers at Athens flole thofe Books 
 of his mentioned in tiie Fpillle Dedicatory to .S. Jinwthy^ and which 
 nou' are wanting, and pubhlhed ihcm under their own names. But 
 liad I been to nuke the conjecture, I Ihould rather have fulpecicd 
 tliat this rjeu^c-P/oMyJius fetched his f^x;culations, and good parts of his 
 cxpreihons from FUf/Mus , JjmIIuus , and the reft of the later F/^to- 
 nijh. For certainly one egg is not more likeanother, then this mans Divi- 
 nity is like the Theology of that School, elpecially as explained by the 
 Phylofophers who lived in the firft .Ages of Chriflianity. That our 
 Dion)jius was not the Author of the Books at this day extant under his 
 name , I llull not concern my telf to Ihew. For howe\ cr it be conten- 
 ded for by many with all imaginable zeal and llilihefs, yet want there 
 not thofe, and men of note, even in the AV»»j« Communion, who clear- 
 ly difown and deny it; as among the Reformcti it has been larceh dif- 
 provtd b) many, and by none \sith greater learning and indu (fry than 
 Monjieur DjiiU'y who has faid whatever is ncceflary, if not more than 
 enough uix)n this Argument: though as to the date of their birth and 
 firft appearance, when he thrufts them down to the fixth ("enrur\-, he 
 takes lomew hat oil from the Antiquity, w hich may with probability be 
 allowed tlicm. 
 
 XIII. WHO was the particular Author of tiiefe Books, is not cafic 
 to determine. Among the fcveral conje;tures about this matter, none 
 metiiinks defervcs a I'airer regard, t han what ( </) Laurent im V.ilL tells us [i) Anmt. »« 
 fome learned Greeks of his time conceived, that it was ApoUiturvi, but -^^'-^M-*^'? 
 whetJKT Father or Son, it matters not, lx)th Ixing men of parts,and of 
 
 the lame ft rain and humour, afj-fo-n^^t of.lvjixo'y ?^:')a.y Si^oL(iy^:;Aoi(e^,both (e)SoaM.ft£c. 
 of them Maftcrs in all the learning of die Greets, though of the two the /2-4<;i6c. 
 Son wasmoft likely to be the Man. Certain it is, that y1po//huris was 
 
 fcribcsliim, trained up to all forts of Learning, and skilled in thcartifi- '^^'^ ^'^^V 
 
 CCS and frames of Words and .Speeches,and {g) S. Bahl fays of him, that I c- (^ /•-.Lxxiv 
 
 ing indued with a tacility of writing upon any Argument, joyned with af'S-Tcw.!. 
 
 great rcadinefs and volubility of Language, he filled the World with his 
 
 Books: though even in his Theologic Trails he fought not to efta- 
 
 blilh them by Scripturc-prools, but from humane arguments and ways 
 
 ot rcafoning: iaeyue,*C*^o^ 'ro^iO'X<* a<m.", ix a-r; fwTwr.dW., «».' 'i-re <t;%<- ^' ^,^'"'7'' ^'" 
 
 roio-, as \J-'] another aifo fays of him. He was born and bred at Alexan- i^'^c,' 
 
 L firia
 
 74 The Life ^/ S. D i o n y s i u s. 
 
 rt'/vj ( than which no place more famous tor Scliools of Humane Learning, 
 efpccially the profeliion of the Flatomc I'hilofopliy ) and atterwards 
 lived at Laodkea^ where he was fo intimately familiar with the Gentile- 
 Philfljopers^ that Jhecdotm Biiliop of the place torbad him (though ia 
 vain) any longer to keep company with them, fearing kfl lie might be 
 perverted to faganijm ; as afterwards George his Succcflbr excommuni- 
 cated him for his infolcnt contempt in doing it. Thisisfaid to have 
 given the firfl: occafion to his flatting afide trom the Orthodox Do- 
 ctrines of the Church. For refenting it as an high affront, and being 
 (a)Socrat.ib.f.'T'^ 'f^e?'^ ''^^ cro(p(5ix» Ao'>-a ^pfw (a), prompted with a bold conceit of 
 J^i- his Sophiflical Wit, and fubtil ways of realoning, he began to innovate 
 
 in matters of Dodtrine, and fct up a Scd: after his own name. And 
 certainly whoever throughly confiders Apo/Iinam his principles, as 
 (h) Socrat. loc. t'lcy are reprefented by (L) Socrates, (c) Sozcmen, {d) Theodoret, (e) Bii(i/,znd 
 *"'*'• (/) Epip^'aytius, will find many of them to have a great affinity with the 
 
 27. e*?76'fx yiatomc notions, and fome of them not un-akin to thofe in Diotiyfius his 
 £/i.N4:?»4?j.^r Books, and that as to the Do(Slrineof the J/-//?/{>' they were right in the 
 ^dirh'j msin, which (gj 5ccr^/^5 particularly tells us the ^/o/Z/w^rMwx confefled to 
 C.5./200. be Gonfubftantial. To which I add, what a learned (Jj) man of our own 
 (e) Bafii. ubi. has obfcrved upon this argument, that Apoll'tnans and his followers were 
 {/Tkp Ut.ref. S^^^^y °f fo^'ging Ecclefiaftical Writings, w hich they fallned upon Gre- 
 1l.f.\i\. gory TJ.^aumaturgiis^ Athanafnis, and Fope Julim, as (/) Leontius particu- 
 ig) Ibid. vid. jariy proves at large. So that they might be probably enough for- 
 (/)Dr.s'timng- 6^^ in the School of Apollimrn, either by himfell j or fome of his Dif- 
 
 fleet's Anfwer ciples. 
 
 Jo'^'c^'z'iv^ ^^^' ^^ makes the conjecture look yet more favourable, that there 
 17,^.133. was one (k) Dionyfiiu, a friend probably of ^/>o///»i7n5 , to whom he is 
 (,)De Sed.Aa. faid to have written that famous Epiftle that went under the name of 
 (k'jv/d.CoIat.^^P^ Jtdiiis : and then among his own Scholars he had a Tmotbeiis 
 Cathoi.cum.Se- ( condemned together with his Mafler by (/) Damqfus, and the Synod at 
 T^'*"a ^coI'^' ^""'^ ^ ^° ^^^^^ ^'^y ^^^^ eafily enough take occafion from their own 
 1767. to vent their conceptions under the more venerable names of thofe an- 
 
 [fjTheod.H.Ec. cient and Apoftolic perfons. Or, which is more probable, Apollinans 
 2/2»'^'' '°'^himfelf fo well verfed in the arts of counterfeiting, might from them 
 take the hint to compofe and publiih them under the name of the an- 
 cient Dionyfms. Nor indeed could he likely pitch upon a name more 
 favourable and agreeable to his purpofe, a man born in the very Center 
 of Learning and Eloquence, and who might eafily be fuppofed to be 
 bred up in all the Inflitutions of Philofophy, and in a peculiar manner 
 acquainted with the Writings and Jheorews of Flato and his followers, 
 fo famous, fo generally entertained in that place. And there will be 
 CJ6.PAS7. ^ ^^^^ ^^^^ reafon to believe it flill, when we confider that, (m) Apollinans 
 reduced the Gofpels and the Writings of the Apoftles into the form 
 of Dialogues in imitation of Flato among the Greeks. And then fbr the 
 ftile, which is very lofty and afTcdfed, we noted before how peculiarly 
 qualified Apollinaris was with a quick invention of words, and a Sophi- 
 ["2 w 'e '2^^ ^^^^ ^^^y of Speech, and the (»)Hiflorian obferves that the great inflru- 
 ment by which he fet on foot his Herefie, and wherein he had a fingular 
 talent, was -ri^^-iM Aoy^i, artificial Schemes of Words, and fubtle ways 
 .So^c»j./,5.(;.i8 toexprcfs himfelf Befides, he was an incomparable Poet (not only the 
 i-^-'i- Father but the Son) to thefludy whereof he peculiarly addifted him- 
 
 felf, and wrote Poems to the imitation, and theenvy of the beft among 
 
 the
 
 The Life ^/5. D t o n y s i u s. 75 
 
 tlic Hcatlicns. In intimation of Ihnu-r he writ Heron Poems oi" tlic Hi- 
 ftory of the old Tcllamcnt till the Reign of Sjul^Cometiiet alter the n\An- 
 Tier oi IMi.indir/Jrj^icdifs in iinitiuiun ot F.unp/dcs^ anil Ofia in imita- 
 tion of /'Wur; he compofecl Divine Hymns, that were publicly lung^'^^'^-'^'- 
 in tlie C hurchcs of his Separation, and >ongs \\ Inch men lung both in 
 their fcafis and at their Trades, and even Women at their UillafJ! By 
 this means he was admirably prepared ibr lolty and Poetic fl rains 
 and might I e ealily tempted, elpecially the matter admitting it, to give 
 way to wanton and luxuriant lanfie in the clioice, comixjfition, and ulc 
 of words. And certainly never was there a llrangcr heap (/.ittwi* <jn- 
 ?.u-ry,.^:xiyMjx/nins himlelf calls it ) of lublime, aliectcd, l>onibaft, and 
 poetic phrafes, than is to be met with in tliefe lJool<s attributed to Saint 
 
 \V. IF it ihall be encjuired, why a man Ihould after fo much pains 
 c!ui(e to publilh his 1 alH)urs rather under another mans name tlun his own; 
 there nex'ds no other anlwer, than that this has been an old Trade, w hicli 
 fomc men have taken up, cither bccaufe 'twas tlieir humor to lay their own 
 cliildren at other mens doors, or to decline the cenfure which the notions 
 they publi'lied were likely to expofe tlicm to, or principally to conci- 
 liate the greater elleem and value for them, by tlirulluigthem forth un- 
 der the name ot thole, for whom the World hasa juft regard and vene- 
 ration. As for Moiilifur J\u//tsconji:i\uTL\ that tlie reafon why feveral DeSnrift.nio- 
 learned Voluinnswerc written and faflned u|)on the fathers ot the an- "'-^•^ ''^■'^'" 
 cient Clhurch, wasto vindicate them from that common imputation of 
 the GentilcSy who were wont to charge the Chriftians tor being a rude 
 and illircratc generation , whole Books are flufled w ith nothing but 
 plain fimplc Doctrines, and who were Grangers to all kind ot Learning 
 and Eloquence; that to obviate this objection, feveral took upon them 
 to compofe Books full ot Learning and Philofophy which they publilh- 
 cd under the names of the firft Pre-achers and Propagators of the Chrifti- 
 an faith, and that this particularly was the cafe of tlie liecc^ttitions af- 
 cribcd to Clemens^ and the W^ritings attributed to Dionyftus: The firfl 
 I grant very likely and rational, the Recognitions hc'in^ probably writ- 
 ten alxiut the fecond Cxntury, w hen ( as appears from CelJKs his Book 
 againfl the C hriflians ) this objesilion was molf rife, and w hen ^cw learn- 
 ed difcourles had been publilhed by them.- But can by no means allow 
 it as the feconJ, DiomxIik^ his Works being written long after the Learn- 
 ing and Eloquence of thc( hriQians had fufficiently approved it fclf to 
 the World, to the Ihame and convichion, the envy and adminiflration 
 of its greatcft Enemies. And there was far lefs need of them for this 
 purpole, if it be true what /'.;///(• hiinfelffo confidently aderts, and fo 
 carnellly contends for, that they were not written till the beginning of 
 the fixth Century, about the year DXX. when there were tew learned 
 Gentiles lett to make this objection, Heathenifm being almofl wholly 
 banifhed out of tliccivili7ed World. 
 
 XVI. BUT whoever was their genuine Parent, or upon an hat account 
 fcx:ver he wrote them, it is plain, that he laid the foundation of a myfli- 
 c.il and unintelligible Divinity among ( hriftians, and that hence proctx;d- 
 eil all thofe wikl Rvjuruccm notions, which Ibme men arc fo fond ot", 
 and the life and prailicc whereof they cry up as the very foul and pcr- 
 fe^'lion of the C hriflian State. And tliat this Author dots immediately 
 minifkr toihisdefign, let the Reader judge by one inflance, and I alfurc 
 
 L 1 him
 
 7^ 
 
 The Life of S. D i o nytiu s. 
 
 him 'tis none of the mod obfcure and intricate pafTages in thefe Books. 
 I have fct it down in its own Language as well as ours, not being confi- 
 dent of my own verfion (^though cxprefled word for word ; ) for I pre- 
 tend to no great faculty in tranllating what I do not underfland. Thus 
 
 then he dilcourfes concerning the knowledge of 
 
 A/oj^lfTittflJi'o Gsof ><i'«9-)c*5,)9;^«« God. GW f faith he) is known in all things^ and 
 'ivTwr ;^ J>ci yuTiui ®io« ymsM^, ^9 without ail things : be is known hy knuwledqe. and 
 'oy&, x) ^7779.;^^, ;^ e^?'\. >9;^^^<, J b ignorance : there is both a cogitation oj him. 
 
 J)u. 
 
 TTt, - ^ - 
 
 1^'' vaf 'ivatnv OTXV o Vx( ^ ofTmf Wl^ 
 •7&)i' Smw-, i'TrHTO. >y ieuniv ct^Hf, |y«9« ¥ 
 
 ^cpil/i'lTw |2i9fi ■^ OTiplaf H^^i^ai^TriA/^©-. 
 Dionyf. de Divin. Nomin. cap. 7. p. 238. 
 
 a word, and a Jcience, and a touch, and ajenje,and 
 an opinion, and an imagination, and a name, and aO 
 other things ; and jet he is neither thought, nor fpO' 
 ken, nor named. He is not any thing oj thofe things 
 that are, nor u he known in any of the things that are ; 
 he IS loth all things in all, and nothing in nothing ; out 
 of all things he is known to all and out of nothing to 
 nothing. Thefe are the things which ive rightly 
 difcourfe concerning God. And this again is the 
 mofl divine knowledge oj God., that which is known 
 hy ignorance, according to the union that is above underjianding ; when the 
 mind getting at a dijiance from all things that are, and having difmijfed it 
 felf, is united to thofe Juper-illujlrious Beams, from whence and where it u en- 
 lightned in the unfathomable depth of ivifdom. More of this and the like 
 fluff is plentifully fcattered up and down thefe Books. And if this be 
 not myflical and profound enough, I know not what is ,• and which 
 certainly any man bnt one well verfed in tliis fort of Theology, would 
 look upon as a (Irange Jargon of nonfenfe, and contradidion. And yet 
 this is the height of devotion and piety, which fome menearneflly prefs 
 after, and wherein they glory. As if a man could not truly underftand 
 the myfleries of Religion, till he had refigned his reafon; nor be a Chri- 
 flian, without firil becoming an Enthufiaft; nor be able to fpeakfenfe, 
 unleis in a Language which none can underftand. 
 
 Writings falfly attributed to him. 
 
 De Coelejii Hierarchia. 
 De Divinis Nominihus. 
 De Ecclefia Hierarchia. 
 De Myjlica. Theologia. 
 EpifloliC ad Caium, 
 Ad Dorotheum. 
 
 Lib. \. Ad Sofipatrum. 
 
 L Ad Tolycarpim. 
 
 \. Ad Demophilam. 
 
 L Ad Titiim. 
 
 IV. Ad Joannem Evangeliftam. 
 
 \. Ad ApoUophanem. 
 
 Epiftola 
 
 The £«^o/ ^. D I O N Y T I U S '5 Life. 
 
 THE
 
 77 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. CLEMENS' 
 
 BISHO V o[ Li M E. 
 
 //fj hirth-pUce^ his Parents^ KindreJ, EJucatlon^ aticl Cottverfion to Cbri^ 
 ftunity nottd out of the Bottks txtant under his name. His reUtion to 
 the Jmperul Family jhewed to be a mi/lake. Hts hetn^ made Bijhep of 
 
 Rome
 
 78 Tbe Life of S. Clemens. 
 
 Rome. The great confafion about the fir ji Bijhops if that See. A prohahle 
 account endeavoured concent'ing the Order of S. Clemens his Succejton^ and 
 the reconciling it with the times of the other Bijhops. What account given 
 of hirn in the ancient Epiftle to St. James. Clemens his appointing Nota- 
 ries to write the Ads of the Martyrs, and dij'patching Ale£'engers to propa- 
 gate the G of pel. The Schijm in the Church of Corinth ; and Clemens his 
 Epijlle to thdt Church. An enquiry into the time when that Epijile was 
 written. The Perfecution under Trajan. His proceeding againjt the He- 
 terix. A (hort relation of St. CXtmens his troubles out of Simeon Meta- 
 phraftes. His Banijhment to Cherfon. Daranatio ad Metalla, what. 
 The great fuccefs of his Minijlry in the place of his exile. St. Clemens his 
 Martyrdom, and the kind of it. The anniverjary Miracle reported on the 
 day of his folemnity. The time of his Martyrdom. His genuine Wri- 
 tings. His Epmie to the Corinthians .• the commendations given of it hy 
 the Ancients. Its Style and Charatler. The great modefly and humility 
 that appears in it. The fragment of his Jecond Epijlle. Suppofitious 
 Writings. The Recognitions ; their feveral titles, and different editions. 
 Their Antiquity, what.' A conjecture concerning the Author of them. The 
 cenfures of the Ancients concerning the corrupting of them, confidered. The 
 Epijlle to St. James. 
 
 I. s^'^-^^iMa^ki^/y^ . T makes not a little for the honour of this Ve- 
 nerable Apoftolical Man^ ( for of him all anti- 
 quity underflands it ) that he was Fellow-lahou- 
 rer with St. Taul, and one of thofe, whofe names 
 were written in the Book of Life. He was 
 Vit. Clement. ^'^^^^^\0M'^^\ ^^^^ ^t Rome, upon 3Iount Cieliiu, as, befides 
 col"'-!,. "'" ' ^^"^^Kli^ others, the (a') Pontifical under the name of Da- 
 
 majcus, informs us. His Fathers name was Ftf«- 
 Jlim/s, but who he was, and what his Profeflion 
 and courfe of life is not recorded. Indeed in the Book of the Recogni- 
 tions, and the nxl KAnii^iTia. ( mentioned by the Ancients, and lately pub- 
 lifhed) we have more particular accounts concerning him : Books which 
 however falfly attributed to S. Clemens, and liable in fomc cafes to juft 
 exception, yet being of great Antiquity in the Church, written not long 
 after the Apoflolic Age (as we lliall Ihew hereafter) we Ihall thence 
 derive fome few notices to our purpofe, though we cannot abfolutely en- 
 gage'fbr the certainty of them. There we find St. Clemens brought in, 
 giving this account of hijnfelf 
 ih) Bfcogn.l.T. H- HE (^) was defcended of a noble race, fprung from the family of the 
 >;. 8.f47^- Cos far s, hisY^thcY Faujlinianius, ov Fau/lus, being near a kin to tlie Em- 
 12'^; st Tys P^i'or ( I fuppofe Tiberius ) and educated together with him, and by his 
 Epito'm.n.-76.f. procurement matched with Mattidta, a woman of a prime Family in 
 T^i.Edtt.Pn- Home. He was the youngefl of three fons, his two elder Brothers be- 
 ^"' ing Faujlinus and Faujlus, who after "clianged their "Names for NiceiaszuA 
 
 Aquila. His Mother, a Woman it feems of exquifite Beauty, was by her 
 husbands own Brother ftrongly folicited to unchaft embraces. To avoid 
 whofe troublefome importunities, and yet loath to reveal it to her huf- 
 band, left it Ihoukl break out to the difturbance and dilhonour of their 
 Family, jhe found out this expedient: flie pretended to her husband 
 that llie was warned in a dream together with Iut two eldeft fons to de- 
 part for fom e time from Rome, He 'accordingly fent them to refide at 
 
 Athens
 
 The Life /7/\S. C l e m t n s. 79 
 
 AthenSy for the greater convcnicncy ol tlicir Education. But heariilg 
 nothing ot them, though he fen t Mcllengerson purpolc every year, he 
 refolvedat bll togi) luinfeh" in purfuit ot tliem ; which he did, leaving 
 his)oungell Ion, tlicn twelve yeaisoi age, at home, under the care ot Tu- 
 tors and ouardians. (a) St.Clemem grew up in all manly Studie!>,aiid vcr- W/ln-»f«./- «• 
 tuousaclions, till falling under fomc grt-at diilatistiidions of mind con- "^^^j ^'j',^'' 
 cerning the immomlity ot the Soul, andtheftate of tl»e other Life, he £/><//./-. 749. 
 applied hunlelt to learch more narrowly into the nature and the truth 
 ot things. After having bailied all his own Notions, he betook him felf 
 to the schools of the Philofo|>hers, where he met with nothing but fierce 
 contentions, endlefsdifputes, lophiflical and uncertain artsot realbning; 
 tiiencehe refolved toconfultthe Eii^\pttan } lieroph.wtity and to fee it lie 
 could meet with any who by arts o^ A/j^/c was able to fetch back one of 
 thofe who were departed to the invifible World, the very fight of whom 
 might fatisfie his curious enquirys alK)ut this matter. While tic u as under 
 this fulpcnfc, he heard of the Son of God his apjxaring in the World, 
 and the excellent Do<5frine he had publilhed in Juda-i^ wherein he was 
 further inftrurted by the Miniflry of St. Bjrnjlji, \\ ho came to Rome. 
 Him he tollou cd firll to .-iles-wdm^ and thence attcr a little time to Ju- 
 Jaa. Arriving at Qirjana he met St. Veter^ by whom he was in- 
 flru:>cd and Baptized, whofc Companion and Dilciple he continued lor 
 a great part of his life. 
 
 III. THIS is the fum of what I thought good to borrow from thofe an- 
 cient Writings. As for his Relations, what various mifadvcntures his 
 Father and Mother, and his two Brothers fcverally met with, by w hat 
 Grange accidents they all afterwards met tc^ether, were converted and 
 Baptized into the Chriflian Faith, I omit, partly as lefs proper to my 
 purpole, partly becaufe it looks more like a dramatic Scene of Fanfie, 
 then a true and real Hiftory. As to that part of the Account of his t>c- 
 ing related to the Imixrial Family, though it be more than once and 
 again conhdentl}' afferted by {h)Nicephorus (whotranfcribes ago<"dpart ('t)//.Ec-./.2*. 
 ot the Story) and by (r) others before him,yet I cannot but behold itas^^^i^''^' 
 an evident miftakc, arifing from no other Fountain than the Story of 247. 
 I'lrvius Clemtns the Conful^ who was C oufin-gorman to the Emix-rourf pj^cljcr.Lut. 
 Domitijn^ and his Wife Flaz'u DcmitilU near a kin alio to the Empe- '^.uicrr.lt^ 
 rour; concerning whole Converfion to,and Martyrdom tor the ^■\\x.\\o'{ hhmd Anonym 
 Chrift, ue have {A^ clfewheie given an account from the Writers of pY'%^ 
 thofe Times. Probable it is, tliat St. Clemens for the main attended St. Fe- jm.mt. m 
 tcrs motions, and came with him to Rome^ where he had at lafl the Go- ci^ *^ Ct- 
 vernmcnt of that Church committed to him. (<•) Dorotheia tells us,that he "/j'^p.^. 
 was the tlrfl of the Gentiles tliat embraced the Chriftian Faith, an 1 tii.u o r p.ixh-^. 
 he wasfirfl made Bilhop of SjrJ/cj, aCjty in Thrace^ afterwards called ^'^^-^'"^^w" 
 Jnadttzjy and then of Rmie. But herein I tlunk he (lands alone, I am p^.jim. 3.^ 
 fure has none of the Ancients to joyn with him; unlcfs he underllands 'P^^'^'^ 
 it of another Clemens^ whom the (/ ) Clromcoti .-//rv.i«V/7«;mj alfo makes ^ jog**" ''** 
 one of tlic L\X Difciplcs, but withal feems to contbund uitli ours. 
 That he was Bilhopof Home, there is an unanimous and unqucftionable 
 agreement of all ancient Writers, though they ftrangely vary about the 
 place and order of his coming to it. The writers of the Romjn 
 Church, how great words (oevcr they fpeak of the conflant and uninter- 
 rupted fucceilion of of Sr. Peters Chair,are yet involved in an inextricable 
 labyrinth about the Succeirion of the tour firft Bilhops of that Sec, 
 
 fcarce
 
 8o Tbe Life of S.Clemen s. 
 
 fcarce two of them of any note bringing in the fame account, I il.all not 
 attempt to accommodate the ditierence between the leveral .Schemes 
 that are given in, but only propofe what I conceive molb hkely and 
 probable. 
 (a)Adv.H.trcf. IV. EVIDENT it is both from (^7) //f//.f w and {I^) Epiphanim^ as alfo 
 ''?f'^^pH before them fromCc^G'''^'-* ^^ ancient Writer, and i\-on\Q^)Di(jn)Jius Bill.op 
 ref ^xvii.*^ of Corinth, that Peter and Vaul jointly laid the loundations of the Church 
 f.'ii.vtd.Ham. q( j{o^e^ and are therefore equally ft ilcdBiihops of it, the one as ApcjUe 
 t'f^l ^ '^'' "f^^-^ Gentiles, ( as we may probably fuppofe ) taking care of the Gentile 
 {c)cai.adv.Pro Chrillians, while the other as the Aprjlle of the Circun:ciJicK, apphed him- 
 <^"J- ^ r p felf to the Jeivijh Clonverts at Rcme. For we cannot imagine, that 
 Jnpn"apud there being fuch chronical and inveterate prejudices between the Jews and 
 Eiijeki.z.c.z'). Centiles, efpecially in matters of Religion, they {l:ould be fuddainly laid 
 f' ^^' afide, and both enter-common in one public >Societ) . \\ e know that 
 
 in the Church of Jerujalem till the deflrudion of the Temple, none were 
 admitted but Jeivijh Converts : and fo it might be at firll at Hiwe, where 
 infinity numbers of Jeivs then refided, they might keep themielvcs lor 
 fome timeindiftind afiemblies, the one under ht. Paul, the other under 
 Peter. And fome foundation for fuch a conjefture there leems to be 
 even in the Apoftolk Hiilory, where St. Luke tells us, that St. Paul at his 
 A<a.28.23,24, fir{^ coming to Rome being rejected by the Jews turned to the GentiUs, 
 25,28,39,31. jjeclaring to them the falvation of God, who gladly heard and enter- 
 tained it, and that he continued thus Preaching the hmgdim oj Gui, and 
 receiving all that came in unto him for two years together. This I look upon as 
 the firit letled foundation of a G£'/7///f Church at Heme, the iiirther care 
 and prefidency whereof St. Paul might devolve u^pon Linus (whom the 
 interpolated Ignatius makes his Deacon orMinifler ) as St. Peter having 
 eftabliihed a Church of Jewijh Converts might turn it over to St. Clemens, 
 (e) De ?r£- ^^ wliom if) Tertullian exprefly fays, that Peter Ordained him Biiliop of 
 jmp. Hxret. Rome. Accordingly the Compiler of the (/) Apojlolic Conftitutions makes 
 "^fW '/' ^'^ Li^tis to be Ordained Bifliop of Rome by St. Paul, and Clemens by St./V- 
 col. 451- '"^ ^^^- ^^ fays indeed that Linm was the firfl, and fo he might very well 
 be, feeing St. Paul ( whatever the Modern Writers of that Church lay 
 to the contrary ) was fome confiderable time at Pxome, before St. Peter 
 came hither. Linus dying, was probably fucceeded by Cktus or Anacle- 
 tus [ for the Greeks, and doubtlefs moft truly, generally make him the 
 fame perfon) in his dillinft capacity. At which time Clemens, whom 
 St. Peter had Ordained to be his Succeflbr, continued to aft as Prefident 
 over the Church of Jew/jh Converts : and thus things remained till the 
 death of Cletm, when the difference between Jfii; and (?£';?;'//? being quite 
 worn off, the entire Prefidency and Government of the whole C hurch 
 of Rome might devolve upon St. Clemens as the furviver ,• and from this 
 period of time, the years of his Epilcopacy, according to the common 
 computation^ are to begin their date. By this account, not only that 
 (g) DeSchifm. oi\g)Optatits & the(h)Bucherian Catalogue may be true,who make Clemens 
 Donat. ub. 2. to lollow Liniis, but alfothat of Baronim and many of the Ancients, who 
 (/>)V. Bw/w. rn^'^e both Linus and Cletm to go before him, as we can allow they did 
 edit, comment, as Bifliops and Paflors of the Gentile Church. As for a more diftin£t and 
 'pafclf'c ^"^ P^'''^i'^ular account of the Times, I thus compute them: Peter and Pauliuf- 
 f. 269. fered Martyrdom in the Neronian Perfecution fas we have elfewhere 
 probably Ihcwed ) ^w;. LXV. After which L/«a fate twelve years, lour 
 moneths, and twelve days : Cletm twelve years, one ( but as Baronim, fe_ 
 
 ven)
 
 The Life of S. C l l m e n s. 8 1 
 
 vcn ) montlis, and eleven days, which l)ctu'ccn them make WV years, 
 and extend to .'inn. Chr. W. after w hith it" ue add the nine } ears, 
 eleven months, and twelve days, w herein CUtrum. fate folc liilhop over 
 that whole C.luirch, they tall in cxa^^Hy with the third year of /rr;/.;/, 
 the time alligned lor his Martyrdom, by Eujd/usy //jercm^lXim.iJiiiy and 
 man) others. Or ifwith/V/./iwi, A'/ct/o/wt, and fome otiiers, we allien 
 the Mart) rdoni ot' /W<T and /'W, .-/«/;. I W'll. two years later, th-vj 
 computation will llill run more I'mooth and eafic, and there will be time 
 enough to be allowed tortile odii months and days alTigned hy the dif- 
 ferent accounts, and to make the )tars (,t the.r ronnficat com|'le3t and 
 full. Nor can I think ol any ua), confkiering the great intricac) and 
 perplexity of the thing, tbat can bid fairer for an cafiefolution of this 
 matter. For granting C/cmen^ to have been ortlained by S. FcUr for his 
 .Succcflbr, ( as feveralof the Ancients exprefly a/firm ) and yet withal 
 ( what is evident enough ^ that he died not till Ann.Chr.i.Ti.ijAW. it 
 will l)c very difTicult to find any way fo proper to reconcile it. As for 
 that fanfie o^ * Fp/pl.hniius^t\\^^ Clcmcm might receive impofition of hands •CimnCtrto- 
 from Peter, but relufed the acfual exercife of the F.pilcopal Oflicc, fo "•"• hW 
 long as Linui and Clctus lived: he only propofes it as a conjecfiirc, ^,,^(^^^„^ ''' 
 founded mcerly upon a miHaken pallageof cVcwo/f in his F.piftle to the £;>')? j./Co- 
 Cor/nr/'/.t.'is, and confeflts 'tis a thing wherein he dare not be pofitive, ''""'^•/'•*9- 
 not Ixing confident whether it were fo or no. 
 
 V. M 1 G H T the ancient t Kpiflle written to S. Jjmes the Brother of ^J-^'^ J;'^^;' 
 our Lord, under the name of our .S. Clctmns,hc admittexl as a competent pp.^paft. a 
 evidence, there we find not only that C/fw'^'wf was conflituted lVi{\w\) by CfteUr. edit. 
 S.Tfter, but with what formality the whole aflair was tranfav;^ed. It 
 tells us that tlie Apoflle fenfible of his approaching difTolution, prefented 
 Clemens iieforethe C hurch as a fit ]x;rlbn to be hisSucccflbr; the good 
 man wi;h all im.iginable moderty declined the hononr, wliicli S. Frter in 
 a long dilcourle urged uj^on him, and fet out at large the particular du- 
 ties iKjth of Miniflers in their refpccHvc Orders and ( ajncitics, as alfo 
 of tlie}x:ople; which done, he laid his hands upon him, and compelled 
 him to rake his feat. F^ow headminiflrcd this great bur ditlicuir Pro- 
 vince, the F.cclefiaftical Records give us very little account. The Au- 
 thor of the * Vontijical that fathers himfelf upon Pojie DamaJHS, tells us, * Lii.Pcitif.in 
 that he divided /I'owf into fcven Re<ijoni, in each of which he appointed ^"j^'^^';'*' 
 a Not.ir\, w ho lliould diligently enquire after all the Martyrs that fuf- 
 f'ered within his ilivifmn, and faithfully record the Ads of their Mar- 
 tyrdom. I confels the credit of this .■\uthor is not good enough ab(o- 
 lutely to rely upon his fingle teftimony in matters fo remote and diftant: 
 though we are othcrwife lutficicntly allured, that the cuflom of Nota- 
 ries taking the SjKcches, Adls, and Suflerings of the Martyrs did obtain 
 in the early ages of the Churcii. Befidcs this, we arc told by others 
 that he difpatched away feveral pcrfons to prcacli and propagate the 
 Cliriftian Religion in thofe C'ountries , whither the Ibund of the Gof|>el 
 had not yet arrived. Nor did he only concern himfelf to projxigarc 
 C:hriftianity,whercit wanted;but to prclervc the jxace ofthofe Churches ''CsW-V ^'• 
 wliere it was already planted. For an unhappy Schifm having broken ^'^^ ^^^'' ' 
 out in the (hurch ot Comith, they fent to Home to enquire his ad- 
 \ ice and aHiftance in it, w ho in the name of the Church, whereof he 
 was Governour, wrote lack an incomparable Fpiftlem them, to com- 
 pofc and quell, i/i«pjf «' «..<7;ci-?TX(r(r, as + hecalls it, ih.jt in:pjoitfJH(ijhc- 1 E^/7.-t^rp- 
 
 ^f nuvjile '
 
 82 The Life of S.Clemen s. 
 
 m.n.dle Sedition that was arifen amongft them. And indeed there feems 
 to have been a more intimate and friendly intercowrfe between thefe tuo 
 Churches in thofe times, than between any other mentioned in the 
 Writings of the Church. The exaft time of writing this Epiftle is not 
 known, the date of it not being certainly determinable by any notices of 
 Antiquity, or any intimations m tlie Epiflle it felf. The conjedi ure that 
 has obtained with fomeof moll note and learning is, that it was writ- 
 ten before thedeftrufVionof Jerujalem^ while the Temple and xheLezi- 
 tic.il miniftration were yet (landing. Which they colled, I fuppofe, 
 *ibflfAg.^^. from a * palTage, where he fpeaksot them intheprefent tenfe. But who- 
 ever impartially confiders the place, w ill iind no ncceflary foundation 
 for fuchan inference, and th^t S.Clemefis his ^efign was only toilluftrate 
 his Argument, and to ihew the reafonablenefs ot obferving thole parti- 
 cular Stations and Miniflries which God has appointed us, by alluding 
 to the Ordinances of the Mojaic Inftitution. To me it feems mofl proba- 
 ble to have been written a little after the Perfecution under Domitian^ 
 and probably not long before Clemens his exile. For excufing the no 
 \ib.fag.i. fooner anfwering the Letters of the Church of Corinth^ he f tells them it 
 Was (5ia ^/jofjtVcM rplv avufoQ^s ^ 'c^-Troiaea, by reafon of thofe calami- 
 ties and fad accidents that had happened to them. Now plain it is, that 
 no Perfecution had been raifed agamfk the Chriftians, efpecially at Rome^ 
 from I the time of Nero till Domitnw. As for Mr. Imngs conjecture from 
 this place, that it was written in the time of his banilhment ; he forgot 
 to confidcr that the Epiflle was written not in Clemens his own name, 
 but in the perfon of the Church of Rome. A circumftance that renders 
 the place incapable of being particularly applied to him. 
 
 VI. BY a firm patience and a prudent care he weathered out the 
 ftormy and troublefom times of Domitian^ and the fhort but peaceable 
 reign of Nerva. When alas the clouds returned after rain, and began to 
 thicken into a blacker ftormin the time of Trajan ^ an excellent Prince in- 
 deed, of fo fweet and plaufible a difpofition, of fo mild and inoflenlive 
 a converfation, that it was ever after a part of their folemn acclamation 
 * Eutrof.H. at the choice of a new eletted Emperour, MELIOR TRAJANO% 
 ^e'ab'tmtio ^^'^^^ ^^•'^^ Trajan. But withal he was zealous for his Religion, and up- 
 on that account a fevere enemy to Chriftians. Among feveral Laws 
 «'vin"7tm 2 ^"^•^^^'i in the beginning of his reign, he pubhflied one ^^ if t Baronhif, 
 *£///?.97./.ie! whichi muchqueUion,conjefture the time aright, tor ' Flitiys Epiflle, 
 upon which he feems to ground it, was probably written at leali nine 
 or ten years after ) whereby he forbad the Hetoria^ the Societies or 
 Colleges erefted up and down the Roman Empire, whereat men were 
 wont to meet, and liberally feafl: under a pretence of more convenient 
 difpatch of bufinefs, and tlie maintainance of mutual love and friend- 
 ihip; which yet the Roman vState beheld with a jealous eye, as fit Nur- 
 feries for Trcafon and Sedition. Under the notion ot thefe unlawful 
 combinations, theChriftian Aflemblies were looked upon by their Ene- 
 mies; for finding them confederated under one common Prefident, and 
 conflanly meeting at their folemn Love-feafls, and elpecially being of 
 a way of Woriliip different from the Religion of the Empire, they 
 thought they might fecurcly proceed againft them as illegal Societies, 
 and contemners of the Imperial conftitution, w herein S.Clemens as head 
 of the Society at Rome^ was fure to bear the deepcfl fliare. And in- 
 deed it was no more than what himfelf had long expelled, as appears 
 
 from
 
 Jh Life of .S. C L li M ENS. 83 
 
 from his letter to the Conuth/jus ; where having fpokcn of the tor- 
 ments anil fullcrings which the Holy Apftles had under«5unc, lie telli 
 them *,that he looked upon himlelf and his people as ^y cu/juryi Qnp/^^j^n, (•) vbifutr. 
 fct to run the fame race, <■ au^iii rulv x-)<*iii c -r:x«7ai, and that the fame t- ^■ 
 fight and conllid was laid up for them. 
 
 VII. S 1 M FA} N ihe MetJt>hr.iJl\n\.\\c account of his t Martyrdom, C*) z^''^""- 
 ( much what the fame with that Lite of S. C/d-wcwj, faid to be written by Ji^J^^j^""' 
 an unccnain Author, publilhcd long fiiice by L^iziui at the end of aI- Cotcinjocxit. 
 f//,js Bj/:\.\ n/ns ) fets down the bcgmning of his troubles to this effect. Z'- ^*^- 
 S.Clemiii having converted IheoAora a noble Lady, and afterwards her 
 Husband SiftttHiui^ a Kinfman and Fasourite of the late Kmperour Sci-v.i^ 
 tile gaining fo great a man quickly drew on others of cliief note and 
 quality to embrace the Kairh. >So prevalent is the example of religious 
 Greatncfs to fway men to Fiety and Vcrtue. But tnvy naturally ma- 
 ligns the good of others, and hates the I nllrument that procures it. This 
 good luccefs derived upon him the particular (>^/«//j of Torcutumu^ a 1././^. f.832. 
 man of great power and authority at that time in Kome^ who by the in- 
 feriour Magiftratcs of the City, excited the People to a mutiny againfl; 
 the Holy Man, charging him with Magic and .Sorcery, and for being an 
 enemy and blafphemer of the gods, crying out,either that he Ihould do 
 facrificc to them, or expiate nis impiety with his blood. Al.micrtinus 
 Frdrfeil of the City, a moderate aixi prudent man, being willing toap- 
 pt^afetiic uproar, {q\m \'or S. Clemen Sy and mildly perfuaded him to com- 
 ply. Hut finding his refolution intlcxible, he lent to acquaint the Em- 
 pcrour witii the cale, who returned this Ihort Refcript^ that he Hiould 
 either facrifice to the gods, or be banilhed to Cherjon^ a difconfolatc 
 City bejond the Foit/fic .Sea. Mme,tini<s having received tlic Impe- 
 rial Mandat, unwillingly complied with it, and gave order tiiat all things 
 Ihould be made ready tor the Voyage, and accordingly he was tranfpor- 
 tcd thither, to dig in the Marble Quarries, and labour in the Mines. 
 Damtutiojcf Mct.\ILi\'i a punilhment frequently mentioned in the Hom^n 
 Laws, where it is faid xohi: prvxtni.i >mrti pcrn.i^'^a) the very next to ca-(4)L.28.jf.<i 
 pital punilhments. Indeed the ufage under it was very cxtream and /T'" ''^- **^- 
 rigorous: for lx;fides the fevered labour and moR intolerable harddiip, "''■ 
 the condemned perfon was treated with all the inftances of inhumanity, 
 whipcd and beaten, chained and lettered, deprived ot his cftate, h ) which ^"^ ^- 3<5- «W 
 wasforfp'ted to the Exchequer, and the jx:rfon himfelf perpetually dc-j"/^'fijljf^'^ 
 graded into tjic condition of a -Slave, and conl'equently rendrcd inca-Titi-\.i.i.Je 
 pable to make Will. And not this only, but they were further ex- j"^" '^■"""'^, 
 pofed tothemofl public marks of Infamy and Dilhonour, (') their heads fo|[7^i^^/*^' 
 half lliaved, their right eye bored out, their left leg difabled, their fore- Wc>fr.£;.i/?, 
 heads branded with an intamous mark, a piece of difgrace firfl ufed in Tjl'l^fv^ 
 this cafe by (c) CjIi^uI.i ( ami the Hiftorian notes it as an inflanceof his /.Sc.iz.f'^o;! 
 cruel tem^KT)and tromhim continued till the times o{ Conjhnnnr, who ['^^ {""""'" 
 abolilhed it by a(^)Law Ann.Ch. CCCXV, not to mention thchunger ^'■4.'s!'' '^'^^' 
 and third, the coUl and naked nefs, the filth and naflinefs, which they (^"^-^c-v/.t/v 
 were forced tocontli:t with in thole milerable places. ^<- ;.t«7. 9.11/. 
 
 VIII. ARRIVING at the place of his uncomfortable exile, he 
 found vaft numbers of Chriflians condemned to the fame miferable fate, 
 whofe minds were not a little creeled under all their prellures at the fight 
 of fo good a man, by whofe conflant preaching, and the frequent mira- ~ ■"* 
 
 cles tint he wrought, their Enemies were converted into a better opi- 
 
 M X nion
 
 84. The Life ofS. Clemens. 
 
 nionof themand their Religion, the Inhabitants cfthofe Countries daily 
 flocking over to the Faith, lb that in a little time Chriflianity had beaten 
 Tagmnjm out of the Field, and all Monuments of Idolatry thereabouts 
 were defaced and overturned. The lame whereof was quickly carried 
 to the Emperour, who difpatched Anjidianus the Prefident to put a flop 
 to this growing Sed, w hich by methods of terrour and cruelty he fet 
 upon, putting great numbers of them to death. But finding how rea- 
 dily and reloluiely they prelled up to execution, and that this days 
 Martyrs did but picpare others for to morrows Torments, he gave over 
 contending with the multitude, and refolved tofingleout one of note 
 above the reft, whofe exemplary punilhment might flrike dread and 
 terrour into the reft. To this purpofe S. Clemens is pitched on, and all 
 temptations being in vain tried upon him, the Executioners are com- 
 manded to carry him aboard, and throw him into the bottom of the Sea, 
 where rhe Chriftians might defpair to find him. This kind of death 
 was called jtaTamyTicr^?, and was in ufe not only among the Greeksy as 
 *5iW«o/^./.i6. appears by the inftance mentioned by * Dioclorus Skuius, but the Ro- 
 X^bl'sz'P-'S^^'^"^-) as we find in feveral Malefaftors condemned tole thrown into 
 Vui. Gaj2^m tht Sea both by 1 7/i^mM and AvrdiusCaffius. To this our Lord has 
 Avid.Caj].c.df. refped, when in the cafe of wilful fcandal, he pronounces it. better for the 
 Mart 9. 42. '^''f^ ^^^'it a M'lll-jione were kanged about his neck, and he cafi into the bottom 
 *ccm.tn Matt, (f the Scj. Where though * S. Hierom tells us that this punilhment was 
 I8./.53-T0W-9 ufual among the ancient Jews in cafe of more enormous crimes, yet do 
 I not remember that any fuch capital punilhment ever prevailed among 
 them. I lliall not here relate what I find concerning the ftrange and 
 miracuiousdifcovery of S. <r/f»?fw his body, nor the particular miracle 
 of a little Child prelcrved in the Church erefted to him in the middle 
 of the Sea for a whole year together ( though folemnly averred by 
 ■\$ermAsmi-^ f EphrcETii Bifliop of the place ) as defpairing they would ever find a be- 
 ^^'^^,^'^1^^^^''^'^ lie f wide enough to fwallow them, nor thole infinite other miracles faid 
 Suy'X^Jemt!' to be donc there ; it lliall only fuffice to mention one j that upon the 
 23. G; Gr. ^ Anniverfary folemnity of his Martyrdom the Sea retreats on each fide 
 /."s^y.^'"^^'^* ^^^'^ heaps , and leaves a fair and dry palTage for three miles together 
 to the Martyrs Tomb, erefted within a Church, built ( as it muft be fup- 
 pofed by Angels ) within the Sea, and the Peoples devotions being en- 
 ded, the Sea returns to its own place, tj/^i't©- -r!? ©gS ^.vJaij^ r /^'p- 
 W il'i'i-pM^- TT/c^, fays {a) one of my Authors,God by this means doing ^icnour to the 
 iuc.^%-6. Martyr. I only add, that thefe Traditions were curraiit before the 
 f. 46. time of Gregory Bifliop of Tours, [h') who fpeaks of them with great re- 
 
 t^'ts^''^''^^' ^'erenceand devotion. S. Clemens died (as hothyc) EuJebiusznd(d)S.Hie' 
 (4 Ds Script, fom witnefs, for I heed not the account of the Alexandrin Chronicon, 
 Ecdinclem. which placcs it four years after, Trajan VII. though the Confuls which 
 o^w/'ccxx. ^^^ ^^^^^^ afl]gns properly belong to the IV. of that Emperour ) in the 
 ind. I.;. 594. third year of Trajan, a little more than two years after his banifhment, 
 after he had been fole Bifliop of Rome nine years fix months and fo 
 vbififra. niany days, fay Baron/us and others, though Eucherius his Catalogue, 
 more to be truiled ( as being compofed before the death o^j'ope Tiberius^ 
 Ann. CCCLiV ) nine years eleven months and twelve days. Kis mar- 
 t}Tdom happened on the XXIV of November, according to Baronius 
 and tlie ordinary Roman computation, but on the ninth of that 
 (f) Loc. fufr. Month, faysthe little Marty rology pubhihed by (/) £«c/;maj-, and which 
 "t-T-'^ 9- unqucftionably was one of the true and genuine Calendars of the an- 
 cient
 
 The Life of ^.Clemens. 85 
 
 cicnt (Jiuicli. He was honoured nt fycmc by a C liurcli crc*fl(.d to his 
 incinor)', ) ct A;inding in 'f- S. I licrcnh time. 1 ' 
 
 IX. THE \Vritin{!,s which at this day bear the name of tliis Apollo- ^'''**''- 
 lie man, arc of tuolorts/jenumcor -Siippofltirious. In thenrACIafs 
 isthit tamous Kpillleto tUcConnfl'/.iHS^ io much magnified by tlie An- 
 cients. ('.{!//•! w7a,Ti» ')fKt.<pi^(^is* Ireiiuiis calls it) the moll excellent and ab- *,/ ■ 
 folutc writing uryxAn -n >^ 3ay,uai7iat , fays («t) £«/<r//wi a truly great and s 
 admirable Ipiflle, and very ufefulas(c) S. //icrom adds, c'£i./.i5-<^ ai .^^/ ' , ^^ 
 (c) ri.oi/HsMcs it, worthy of all elleem and veneration, a: s-uo^s^huV- 
 <s^x' 'T-(,7i,as(<V)/r///f///<f allures us, received by all,and indeed reverence^ "'• 
 
 by them next to the Holy Scriptures, and therefore publicly read in their ([,, 
 (lunches for fo me Ages, even till his time, and it may be a long timi^ 
 after. The flile of it ( as(f'> Phothts truly oblerves") is very plain aiu; ^^• 
 
 fimplc, imitating an F.cclefiaflical and unallet^tcd way of Writing, andffj oi. 
 which breaths the truc,^fwm and fpirit of the Apoilolic Age. It was^^^^'-' ' 
 written upon occafion of a great Schifm and Sedition in the Church ot '''" 
 CoriHtl., begun by two or three la^l ious j^rfons againflthe Goveinours 
 of the Church, who envying either the gifts, or the authority and 
 eflccm of their Guides and Teachers, had attempted to dcjxjfe them, 
 and had draw n the greatefl: part of the Church into the Confpiiacy : 
 whom thereti:)re he endeavours by fott words and hard Arguments to 
 reduce back to Peace and Unity. His modefty and humility in it arc 
 peculiarly difcernable, not only that he m holly writes it in the name 
 of the C luirch of Ro)m\ without lb much asever mentioning his own, 
 but in that he treats them with fucli gentle and mild pcrluafives. No- 
 thing of Ibwrenefs, or an imperious loreling it oxer Gods heritage to be 
 feen in the whole Epiftle. Had he known himfelf to be the infallible 
 Judge of Controverfies, to whofe fentence the whole Chriflian World 
 was bound to Hand, inverted with a fupreme unaccountable Power, 
 from which there lay no Apjxxil, we might hav«: expelled to ha\'e heard 
 him argue at another rate. lUit thefe \\ ere the Encroachments and Ufur- 
 pationsof later Ages, when a fpirit of Co\eiou(nefs and fccular ambi- 
 tion had rtifled the modcrty and fimplicity of thofefirrt andbefl Ages 
 of Religion. There is fo great an affinity in many things both as to 
 Words and Matter between this and the Fpirtletotlie Hebrews^ as tem- 
 pted F.njehius and .S. Hierum of old, and Ibmc others before them, to lUi. 
 conclude S. C/<rm^wj at leaft the Tranllator of that Epirtlc. Tliis Epirtle 
 to the Corintl.'UMSyahcr it had been generally Ixa\ ailed as lofl: for many 
 Ages, was not more to the benefit of tlie Church in general, than the 
 honour of our own in particular, fomc forty years hnce publilhed here 
 in Em^/jm^, a treafurc not fulficiently to be valued. Uefidcs this firrt, 
 there is the fragment of a fecond Epirtle, or rather Ilomih^ containing 
 a ferious exhortation and direc>ion to a pious life: ancient indeed, and 
 wluch many willjKrfuadeustobe his, and to have been written many 
 years before the former, as that whicii betrays no footrteps of trouble- 
 fom and unqjiet times : but EuJcLius^ S. IJierom^ and Vhotius afTiirc us Ucisfufrjctt, 
 that it was rcje».'1:cd, and never obtained among t!;e ancients e^iiial ap- 
 prolvition with thefirO. And therefore though we do not jKiempto- 
 rily determine againrt its being his, yet wc think it fafer to acquiefce in 
 the judgment ot the Ancients, than of fomc few late Writers in this 
 matter. 
 
 X. A S for thofc Writings that are undoubtedly fpurious and fupjx)- 
 
 fititiou9.
 
 8^ The Life <?f S. C l e m e n s. 
 
 •/W./rt^-iio. fititious, difown'd (as * Eujehius fays) becaufc they did not jfc^e^V-f 
 rtTTfcAr/.r^ op-5t/Jc^ia< krr.cziX^M r v.^.yx'rie^ , rcain the tiue flamp and 
 charailer of Oi-thodox ApoHolic Doillrine, though the truth is,helpeaks 
 it only of the Dhilcguesof Peter and App'mi^ not mentioning the Decre- 
 tal E\nMes, as not worth taking notice of ; there are four extant at tliis 
 day that are entitled to him, the JpcJlchcJ Canctis and the Cctiftitut'ioyis 
 (faid to be penned by him, though dilated by the Apoflles ) tlie i^e'- 
 Prxf. to Pri- cognitions^ and the Epiftle to S. James. For the two firfl, the Apojio" 
 mit. chriilia- j-^ Canrns and ConHitutions^ I have declared my fenfe of them in ano^ 
 ther place, to which I lliall add nothing here. Ihe Recognitions fucceed, 
 conveyed to us under different titles by the Ancients, fometimes fliled 
 S. Clemens his Atts, HiHory ^Chronicle ^iota&ixxnts S. Feters Ails, Itinerary^ 
 Periods, Dialogues tvitb Appion, all w hich are unqueftionably but diffe- 
 rent infcriptions ( or it may be parcels ) of the fame book. True it is 
 (a) Cod. cxil. what {a) Fhvtius fufpe£led,and {h)Rufinus { who tranfiated it ; exprefly tells 
 "'• 289- us, that there were two feveral editions of this Book, differing in fome 
 GaudmtZ'.-y)-i things, but the lame in moff. And it deferves to be confidered, whether 
 (c;H.£cc/./. 3. the Tci Kah/x^tjix mentioned by (c) Nicephorus, and which he fays the 
 c-.i 8.^248. Church received, and denies to be thofe meant by Eujehius, and thofe 
 Clementine Homilies lately publiflied under that very name, be not that 
 other Edition of the Recognitions, feeing they exaftly anfwer Rufinus his 
 Chara£ter, differing in fome things, but in moft agreeing with them. 
 There is yet a third Edition, or rather Abflraft out of all, ftiled KArfft^T©- 
 'n%i T^' '^lea^iaiv , &c. Clemens bis Epitome of the AHs, Travels, and 
 Preachings of S.Peter, agreeing with the former, though keepingmore 
 clofe to the Homilies than the other. This I guefs to have been compi- 
 led by Simeon the Metaphrafl, as for other reafons, fo efpecially becaufe 
 the appendage added to it by tne fame hand concerning Clemens his 
 martyrdom is word for word the fame with that of Metaphrases, the 
 clofe of it only excepted, which is taken outofS.£/)/;/vcwy Homily of 
 the miracle done at his Tomb. 
 
 XI. THE Recognitions themfelves are undoubtedly of very great 
 
 (d)pfeudo-Tfil antiquity, written about the fame time, and by the fame hand ( as Blondel 
 
 ^'e)p'hi':ca!.c. probably conjedfurcs; with the ConHi tut ions about the Year CLXXX, 
 
 23./.3i,b2. or not long after. Sure I am, they are cited by {e) Origen as the Work of 
 
 (p^^ecogmt. cigyyjgfj^ j„ /,;j- Periods, and his large quotation is in fo many words (/ ) ex- 
 
 (g)Exmap. tantin them at this day. Nay before him wc meet with a very long 
 
 EufikPr^p. fragment of Bardefanes the (g) S vrian ( who flou riffled A^w.CLXXX.) con- 
 
 ^.273. d/f-/. '^^''"'"g Fate, word for word the fame with what we find in the Recog- 
 
 ■vid. [{ecogn. nit ions, and it feems equally reafonable to fuppofe tint Bardefanes had it 
 
 W.9./.503- thence, as that the other borrowed it from him. Nay what if Bardefanes 
 
 liimfelf was the Author of thefe Books /Tis certain that he was a man of 
 
 Eccf'f^c^'o &^^^ V''^^^^ ^^^ learning,a man prompt and eloquent,^ 2^ AgxTr/.&'nxT^-jC^) 
 
 f. 1 51 -Epipl. an acute and fubtle Difputant , heretical ly enclmed, for he came out of 
 
 H,tref.L\i. the School of Vakntinus, whole uncouth notions he had fo deeply im- 
 
 ^■^°^" bibed, that even after lijs recantation, he could never get clear i'rom the 
 
 dregs of them, as £«/f^/«j informs us: though Epiphamus tells us he was 
 
 firft Orthodox, and afterwards lell into the errours of that ^Q.di, like a 
 
 well fraightcd Ship that having duly performed its Voyage, is call away 
 
 in the very fight of the Harbour. He was a great Mathematician and 
 
 (/;ir;//f/'.Pn«;. Aftrologcr, STT ajfe^f XaAtfaiw);? ^?T7y.v;5 fA«Aa-/^i« {i\ accurately verfed 
 
 &^4»|. /.6.C.9. in in chaldican learning, and wrote incomparable Dialogues concerning 
 
 ^' ^' ' Fate
 
 'X.llt. 
 
 m 
 
 'The Life of S.Clemens. 87 
 
 I'\iti'^ which lie dedicated to the EmiKTour Anto>:iniis. -'\nd fiircly none 
 can have looked into the lu\onij,itiv>:s , but he miil\ lee what a conhde- 
 rable part the Doclrines concerning y.//fj the Ger.eps ^ the IntluenceoJ" 
 the. Stars and heavenly C^onilellations, andfucli like notioiii make there 
 of S. /Vrrr'sand ^.Clcmcm his Dialogues ami Dilcourfes. To which we 
 may add what I'hr/us hasobllrved,and is abuiidintly evident I'rom ^1'^' , ., /- 
 thing it fell, that thefe Books arc confiderable for their clearncfs and ' "'" 
 perlpicuit), tiicir eUK[iient lUle, ami grave Difcoiirfcs, and that great 
 variety ot Learning that is in them, plainly Ihewing thirir ( ompolcr to 
 have been a Mailer mall Human Learning, and the .Study of I'lulofo- 
 phy. I might hirther remark, that Bjrt/fjjnes feems to have had a j^. ^ 
 jKculiar^r«/«y tor I5ooks ot this nature, it I eing particularly (.;) noted of ' 
 
 turn, that belldes the .Scriptures, he tradtxl in certain .-ipocryphal Wri- 
 tings. He wrote -ttAwV jt T^-^tvi/.afa, (/) which S. ///f/vm renders itifi-{l-)EuJtb.H.Ee. 
 nttc I'olumes^ written indeed tor the mod part in Syriacy but wliicli ^^^^"scntri^i 
 Scholars tranllatcd into GVft-/-, though he himfelf was futTiciently ■A\\\- BarJej. 
 ful ill that 1 anguage, as Ef>/pl\wiui notes. In the number of thefe 
 ficx>ks might be tlie Htxoqjntions^ plaufibly fathered upon St. C/emenSy 
 wlio was notorioully known to be .St. Fefers Companion and Difciplc : 
 and were but lome ot his many Books now extant, I doubt not but a 
 much greater atfinity Ixtth in rtile and notions would appear between 
 them. But this I propofe only as a probable conjciflure , and leave it 
 at the Headers i>le.ilure either to rejev;t: or entertain it. I am not igno- 
 rant that both*S.///(T(7Mandti/'/'fl//«i charge thefe Books with hxim- "^pol^uiv.nu. 
 cal Opinions,elix:cially fome derogatory of the honour of the Son of ^^^\^"pj^^^cod 
 which it may be Rupius (who * confelles the fame thing, and fuppofes cxii.co/289. 
 them to have l.een inferred by fome hxretical hand) concealed in lus * ^'^f^t f 
 1 ranllation : nay t Epiphamus tells us, that the ELiomtcs did fo ex- jlm^l^.T^s. 
 tremely corrupt them, that they fcarce left any tiling of St. Clemens found tH.rr<yS:xx. 
 and true in them, which he obfcrves from their repugnancy to his other'' ^^' 
 Writings, thofe /'wc-vf/zcj/Epillles of his (as he calls them) which were 
 read in the Churches. But then its plain, he means it only of thole 
 Copies whicli were in the polleihon ot thole hxretics, probably not 
 now extant, nor do any of thofe particular adulteratii)ns which lie fays 
 they made in them, appear in our Books, nor in thofe large and to be 
 fure uncorrupt fragments of Ji.irflcj.wes and Or/gen is there the lead con- 
 fiderable variation from thofe Books w hich we have at this day. But 
 "f this enough. 
 
 XII. THE Epidle to St J.itncs xhc Brother of our Lorfl is, no doubt, 
 of equal date with the red, in the clofe whereof the Author pretends 
 that he was commanded by S. Feter to give him an account of iiis Tra- 
 vels, Difcourfes, and the lucccfs of his Miniflry, under the title of C/c- 
 mens his Epitome of Peters pcpuLr prejch/rgs^ to \\ hicli he tells him he 
 would next proceed. So that this EpifHe originally was nothing but a 
 Fr.vfacetoS. Feters Ads or Periods i the fame ineffeftwiththe/^fc^gw/- 
 ttons) and accordingly in tiie late Edition of tlie Clementine Homilies 
 (^which have the very Title mentioned in that Epiflle) it is found prefi- 
 xed before them. This EpilHe (as/V.-or/wy tells us) varied according to 
 dit?erent Editions, fomctimes pretending that it, and the account of .s. Pe- 
 tei\ .'Ids annexed to ir.were u ritten bv S. Vctcr himfelt'and by him fent 
 to S.fjmcs ; loinctim.s tint thev were written by C/imois at S. Peter s in- 
 ftance and command. Whtncehe conjeituies that there was a twofold 
 
 Editiort
 
 88 
 
 The Life ofS. Clemens. 
 
 Edition of S.Peters JBs, one faid to be written by himfelf, the other by 
 Clemens, and that when in time the firfl was lofl, that pretending to 
 S. Clemens did remain : For fo he afTures us he conflantl}- found it in thole 
 many Copies that he met with, notwithflanding that the Epiflle and 
 Infcription were fometimes different and various. By the Original 
 whereof now publifhed appears the fraud of the Faftors of the Rcmi/h 
 Church who in all Latin Editions have added an Appe>:c{ix almofl 
 twice as large as the Epiflle it felf. And well had it been, had this been 
 the only inltance, wherein fome men to fliore up a tottering Caufe, have 
 made bold with the Writers of the ancient Church, 
 
 Genuine. 
 Epiftola ad Corhithios. 
 
 Doubtful. 
 
 His Writings. 
 
 Recognit'ionum Ith. i o. 
 
 feu. 
 
 Bptftola adCorinth.fecurtda. Homilia Clementhice. 
 
 Conftitttt'tonum AppAih. 8. 
 
 Suppofitious. 
 Bptftola ad Jacohum 
 Fratrem Domini. 
 
 Canones Apoftolici. 
 
 The Encf of S.CLEM^J^S's Life. 
 
 ., ■: 1 
 
 T H !•: 
 
 i7 1 S
 
 8? 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. S I M E O N 
 
 SISHOV of JERUSALEM. 
 
 S. ^ i MEOA UIEROSOLYMl TA¥US. 
 
 Tl.<e heeMefs confouMffing I'm with othen (f the tike fuwe. H'u Parenti 
 iind Mrir Rebtion to our Savionr. T}:e time of Ilti Birth. Uu jlri^ 
 Edncation and my of Life. The Order and hjiitution cjjhe Rccha-
 
 90 
 
 The Life <?/ 6". S i m e o n. 
 
 t^id. Chron. A~ 
 lexandr.Olymp 
 CCXX.lKi.l. 
 
 bites, ivhat. Hh ccnverfion to Chrijliatiitj. The great care about a 
 Succeffor to S. James i^/y^o/>- r/" Jcrufalem. Simeon chofen to that place^ 
 tvhsH %v:f{ n-hy. The cai^es af the dejirucVmi oj the }z\\'\^\Jlate. The 
 original ansT prcgrefs cf thafe Wars briefly re late it. The mijerable ftate of 
 Jerufalem by Siege, Teflilence^ and Famine. Jerufalem ftormed. The 
 burning of the Temple , and the rage of the Fire. The number of the Slain 
 and Captifveu The lufi accomphjhment of our Lord's predttlions. The 
 many Trodigies pretending this deftrudion. The Chriftians forewarned 
 to depart before Jerufalem was put up. Their ivithdrawment to PelJa. 
 7 he admirable care of the Di'vine Providence over them. Their return 
 back to Jerufalem, when. The flour ifhing condition of the Chriflian Church 
 there. The occafion of S. SimeonV Martyrdom. The infinite jealoufie 
 of the Roman Emperours concerning the line oJ David. SimeonV appre- 
 henfion and crucifixion. His fingular torments and patience. His great 
 age, and the time oj his death. 
 
 T cannot be unobferved by any that have but 
 looked into the Antiquities of the Church, 
 what confufion the identity or fimilitude of 
 names has bred among Ecclefiaftic Writers , 
 efpecially in the more early Ages , where the 
 Records are but Ihort and few. An inftance 
 whereof , were there no other , we have in the 
 perfon of whom we write : Whom fome will 
 
 394 
 
 Am.fequem.v. ^^^e to bc the fame with S. Simon the Cananite, one of the twelve 
 Apoflles ; others confound him with Simon , one of the four brethren 
 cf our Lord , while a third fort make all three to be but one and 
 the fame perfon : the found and fimilitude of names giving birth to 
 the feveral miflakes. For that Simeon of Jerujalem was a perfon 
 altogether dilUnft from Simon the Apoftle, is undeniably evident 
 from the mod ancient Martyrologies both of the Greek and the Latine 
 Church, where vaftly different accounts are given concerning their 
 perfons, imployments, and the time and places of their death ,- Simon 
 the Apoflle being martyred in Britain, or as others in Perfia, while Si- 
 meon the Biiliop is notorioufly known to have fuffered in Palefline or 
 in Syria. Nor are the teftimonies of Dorotheas, Sophronius, or Ifidore , 
 confiderable enough to be weighed againft the Authorities of Hegefip- 
 piii, Eufcbius, Epiphanius, and others. But of this enough. 
 
 II. S. Simeon'wzs the fon of f<7) cleophas,hxothex 
 to Jofeph, husband to the Blejfed Virgin, and fo 
 his Father had the honour to be the Uncle to our 
 Saviour, in the fame fenfe that Jofeph was his Fa- 
 ther. His Mother (fays (b) fome) was Mary the 
 Wife of Cleophas, mentioned in the Hiftory of the 
 Gofpel, Sifler or Coufin-gcrman to the Mother 
 of our Lord : And if fo, he was by both fides nearly related to our Saviour. 
 iHfe was born (as appears from his Age, and the date of his Martyrdom 
 adigned by E^jcbius ) Ayin. Mundl 3936. thirteen years according to the 
 Vulgar computation before our Saviour's Incarnation. His Education 
 was according ,to the fpvcreft rules of Religion profefTcd in the Jewifk 
 . , y , . Church, being entered into the Order of the Rechabites , as may be 
 23. fV;. ' ^ prpbably colleded from the Ancients. For (cj Hegeflppus informs us, that 
 
 when 
 
 (.j) Megefip. ap.Eufeb.l.-3,.c.i I .f.%T. Efiph. 
 Hicref. LXVI.^.274.C? omnia antiquA Mar- 
 tyroloz^i", Adonis, Bedtc, Notkeri, \ Vfuardi 
 apudBollajid .dc Vit SS.ad diem XVIII. Febr. 
 
 m- 53,54- 
 
 [b) Hegefip. ib.c.^2. ^.104. Kiceph. l.^.c. 
 i6.f245.
 
 Ibe Life of S. ii i m b o n. ^i 
 
 when the Jews were biifily engaged in tlie Martyrtlom ofS. James the 
 Juifj a Rtxhalire Fnest^ oncol the Generation of the fons ot' RechuO 
 mentioned by the Prophet Jcrnny flept in, and interceded with the 
 People to fparc (o jul\ and good a man, and one tlut was then prayini; 
 to Heaven tor them. This Perfon * f.piphanius exprcll/ tells us was • f,^„j- 
 S. Simeon the fon of C/eopkis, and Coiifin-i^ernian to tlie holy Martyr: lxxviii.;.. 
 The Hecl.Kiljitci were an ancient hiniiution, loiinded l>y JotuuLl the fen "*■*' 
 cj Hecl\il\ who flourilhed in the reign ot Jehit^ and obliged his pofterity 
 to thefe toUowing Rules, to drink no Wine, few no helds, plant noJ"3S*>3«^'^- 
 Vine}ards, builil no HoLil'es,l)Ut to dwell only in Tents and laberna- 
 cles. All whicli precejUs ^the Lill only excepted, wJiich Wars and 
 Foreign Invafions w ould not lliller them to obferve ) they kept with 
 the mod religious reverence, and are therefore highly commended by 
 God lor their exa»:l contbrmity to the Laws ot their InHitution, and 
 brought in to uplnaid the degeneracy ot" the Houfe ot" /// Jt/, in viola- 
 ting the Commands he had laid upon them , They continued it feems 
 (and fo God had promiledthem, tliat /^/-'t^y^o«/<y w/ ivjnt a man to pand 
 leforcl'imfcr cicr i till the very laft times of the Jeivijh Church,though 
 httle notice be taken of them, as indeed they are but once mentioned 
 throughout the whole Hillor)' of the Bible, and tliat only accidentally, 
 and then too no lefsthan three hundred years alter their firfllnnitution. 
 I'robabic it is, that in after-times all Kech.dites were not Jo>hidji\ im- , 
 
 mediate defcendants, but that all were accounted fuch, \s ho took upon 
 them the oblervance of the fame Rules and Orders which Jo>ur/jl had 
 })refcribed to his iminediaie poflerity. It further feems probable to me, 
 that from thefe Ixah.ilitei^ the rjetiLS^ that famous Sccl among the Jf"^, 
 borrowed their Original ; tliat part of them efpecially, that dwelt in 
 Towns and Cities, and in many things conformed themlehes to the 
 Rules of the civil and fociablc lite. For as tor tlie ©cw^JiTixci defcribed (.1 ' by (a) i.tb. mO 
 rh/io^ they gave upthemfelves mainly to folitude and contemplation,lived ^[f ^'^frj;; 
 in Forefts and among Groves of t\ilm-trees^ and ihunned all intercourfe ]1mi5i;'.'p- 891 
 and converle with other men. While the Pradk jiart of them (more par- (^jeq- 
 ticularly taken notice of by (/) Jojepbus') though abftaining tiom marriage, -^ ,^^ ^ .^ ^^' 
 and defpifing the riches and pleafures of this World, did yet refide in 1.2. Ksj'Ic. 
 Cities, and places of Public Concourfc, labour in their feveral Trades f- 785 jjJvfrj- 
 and Callings, maintain Holpitality, and were united in a common Col- "t^iy. ' '' 
 ledge and Societ}', where they were kept to a folemn obfer\ana- of the 
 great duties of Religion, and devoted to the Orders of a very llritb 
 pious hfe. .And among thefe , I doubt not, the Rechahttes were incor- 
 }x)rated and fwallowed up, though it may be together with the gene- 
 ral name oi Eifcues^ they miglit lUll retain their particular and proper 
 name. Bur to return. 
 
 III. H I S firll InRitutioninChriftianity was probably laid under the 
 Difcipline of our Ford himfelf, whofe Auditor and Follower (r) Hcgefit- v ry 1 
 pi'i fupp'.^fcs him to \\x\c been; and in all likelihood he wasoneoftnc 31.32.^,40'. 
 l.XX Dil'ciples, in which capa.ity he continued many years, when he 
 was advanced to a place of great h.onour and eminency in the Clhurch. 
 Alx)ut the Year I.XII. S. 'i.wh> tbcjujl liiihop of 7f7<//.;/tw by the arti- 
 fices of. -/r.-w/M the Fligh-Priell, Uad been cruelly martj red by the Jews. 
 The pro\ iding tor whole j lace was fo tar thought to be the concern- 
 ment of the wlioleChriflianChuW^that thc.A}K)Ulesand Difciples of our fj^f^jc n.p. 
 Lord are faid , </;to have come from all partsto advife and confult with thofc 86. uJ. 'i,b. 4. 
 
 \' I of '-■«■; 142
 
 ^2 The Life of S.Si me o n. 
 
 of our Saviours Kindred and Relations, a1 out a ft Succefibr in Ik 
 room. None was thought meet to te a Candidate Icr the place, hut 
 one of our lords own Relations j and accordingly with one conlcnt 
 they devolved the honour upon Simeon, ouri crdsncxt Ivinfraan, whom 
 they all judged moft worthy ot the place. I knovv^ Eujehms ft cms to in- 
 timate that this Lleftion was made not onely alter S. Jiwes his death, 
 but after the diftruftion o^Jerujalem , between which there was the 
 diflance ot no lels than eight or nine years. But (befides that Eujelius 
 • makes the diflruclion of j^f/-»/<?/fw immediately to fucceed uponS. Jatres 
 his Martyrdom, when yet there was fo great a fpace) it's very unrcafona- 
 ble to fuppofe that fo famous and eminent a Church, a C^hurch newly 
 Conftituted, and planted in the midft of the moft bitter and inveterate 
 Enemies, Ihould for fo long a time 1 e deftitute of a Guide and Faftor,cfpe- 
 cially feeing the /.poftles were all long fince difperied into leveral re- 
 mote quarters of the World : Not to fay that moft of the Apoflles 
 w-ere dead before that time ; or if they had not, could not very con- 
 veniently have returned and met together about thisafTairin fodifma] 
 and diftrafted a hate of things as the Rowan Wars, and the utter ruinc 
 and overthrow of the Jewifh Nation had then put thole parts into. Be- 
 W c/jn)«. '^ fides that (i.) Eufehius himfelf elfewhere places Suneois lucceftion imme- 
 LXii. '^' diately after S. jf^/wf^ his Martyrdom. Nor is theleaft vacancy in that 
 (i)^Hw.io/r»j-See mentioned by any other Writer. T.\\q ib) chromcle oi Alexandrm 
 pud. ccx.i. places his fucceftion Jnn. LXIX. for it tells us, that this year S. Jan-.esthc 
 Ve/paJ'^f.^So. ^pojtle and Patriarch o^Jeru.jalem (wlic.m S. Feter at tlie time of his going 
 to Rome, as his proper See, had ordamedto ilr.t place; thispaflage, it's 
 plain the Publillier tor want of r'glitly diflinguiihing, did not under- 
 fland) dying, Simeon or Simcn was made Fan iarch in liis room. But 
 this account is againft the Fakhof all the Ancients, whomai^e.^. 'j.^nes 
 to havefuffered Martyrdom feveral years belcie; nor do any of them 
 fay that he was ordained by S.Peter, many of them exprefly affirm.ng, 
 '- • . thiit he immediately received his Confecration from the liands of our 
 
 Lord himfelf 
 
 IV. H O W he managed the affairs of that Church, is not diftiniflly 
 known, few particular accounts ot things being tranfmitted to us. Con- 
 fident we may be that his prefidency Mas atteneled with fuffcient trou- 
 ble and diificulty, not onely from the malicious and turLulci;'- ti inj c i of 
 that People, whom he was continually expofed to, but becaufe it tell in 
 with the moft black and fatal period of the Jenijh chuich. For the 
 fins of that Nation being now ripe for Vengeance , and having filled up 
 the meafure of their iniquities by their cruel ufage of the Apoftlcs and 
 Meflengers of our Saviour, their barbarous treatment of S. Stephen, and 
 afterwards of S.James the'great,znd their laft bloudy murder of S.James the 
 lefs, but above all, by their infolent and mcrcilefs carriage towards the Son 
 of God, and the Saviour of the World, the tvruth cf Cid came upon them 
 
 • . to the uttermoft, and the RomanshxoVs.\x\ upon them, and took away both 
 
 their place a>.rl Nation. The fum u hereof, becaufe containing fuch re- 
 markable palTages of Providence, fuch infianccs of fevere difpleafure to- 
 wards a People, that for fo many Ages had enjoyed the peculiar infuen- 
 ces of the Divine Favour, and whole defirudtion at laft fo evidently ju- 
 llified the predid ions of our Saviour, and made fuch immediate way tor 
 the honour and advancement of Chriftianiry, Me fliall here relate. 
 
 V. TH E Jeivs, zHuhhorn and unquiet People, impatiently refented 
 
 the
 
 i 
 
 'I be Life of S. S i m e on. ^3 
 
 the tyranny uf the /?«»/./;/ Yoke, wliicli fcrmcd hcivicr to their necks 
 than It did to other \ations, Lccaulc they looked upon ihtniitlvc-i as a 
 more hce-born l'eoj>le, and were elated uith tliole great Cliarters and 
 Iinm.inities wliich Heaven hid immediately conierred upon them. This 
 mule tliem uillm^ to catch a: any op|X)rrunit\ to re-aliert themlelves 
 into their ancient lilxrty. A thing wliich they more unanimoufly at- 
 temptcxl under the Government ot (./) Crfl/ta tlonts , whom Nero liad ' ■'•( 
 
 lent to hi: Fr IK Hr.it or ot that Province: by whole intolerable oppref-^^'. ,:(^ ^f 
 Tions and infolent cruelties tor two year^ togctlKX, nothing ai^aieJ I'V.i ^- - .1'. 
 prayers and im|x)rtunities, and the lolicitations ol potent Intercelibrs, ' /• 
 
 their patience was tired out, and they broke out into Kelellion. The '•>'-*■-'"• 
 thtal allault began tlrrt at L Cuj.nc.i, which inlbntly like lii;htning fprc-ad (. ) //J.h'.a'. 
 it lelt over the whole Nation, till all places were lull ot Bloud and \'io- ^^'^'^• 
 Icncc. flonts unable himlllt to deal with them, called in to his adiOance 
 Cejhiu Cilliu tile Prelident ot'.S'vr/j, who came from Antioch with an 
 Army, took Jopp.i and lomc other places, and fate down betbrc JcniJ.i- 
 /c-iu, but alter all was forced to depart, and indeed to ll) with his whole 
 Army, lea\ing all his Warlike Inltruincnts and Provifions behind him. 
 The news ot' this ill fuccels was foon carried to (t) Nero., then refiding in (, ) f/../.' 3^. i. 
 Wi/m/./, who pieiently dilpatchcd I ejp.i/ijftf a man of prudent CA)ndiutf- "^i'^- 
 experienced \'alour, the bell Commander of his time) to ix; General of 
 the Army. He coining into Syr/a., united the Honiijn Forces, tiL-ll into 
 (iiililcc, burnt 0".7rf'jr./,and deflroyed Jorjpjfij^\K\KTe(<1)JeJeplui himfell ^;'. 
 
 was taken Prilbner. He purfued liis Contiuetls with an unwearied di-/, ^^ 'P- 
 ligcnce, Victory every where attending upon his Sword, and u as pre)>a- 
 ringto hcCie^e JernJ.i/em (e\'whcn hearing of the ditlractions of Au/y \jy (epiJj.^.Kif. 
 the death of A/crp, and the Ufurpations ot ^/rf/A;, Otho,and r/re///us ., Iie*'i'-f892. 
 reioK cd for fiowe., to tree it troin thole unhappy incumbrances that were 
 upon it ; whofe rcfolutions herein were fo tar applauded by the Army, 
 that they prellntly proclaimcxl him Em}x.Tour. Who thereupon hall- 
 ned into f;!,\pt to llcurc that Country , a place of fo conllderablc im- 
 portance to the Empire. 
 
 VI. F R O M Jle.xattdrij {j^Vefpafian remanded his Son Titus back into {f) ihil Ki*. 
 jFw^/^fd to carry on the War, who thought no way quicker to bring it to/^^'/^os- 
 a period, than to attempt the ( apital City, to ftrike at "jcrul.ihm it felt", 
 and accordingly put all things in rcadinels to befiegc it. Ihe llatc of 
 (g) 'jerufjlem^t this time was very lad. That place, whofe honour and(e);Z^//y.6-f.i. 
 fecurity once it was to Ix; .r City. it unit) within it jc!f\ was now torn in T ?<'4- Ks?. 
 pieces with intelline Faif>ions; and how unlikely is that A'mgiium long'* ' '^' 
 to ftanrl, that is once Anirlcd a^aivjl it jelj ^ Simon the Son ot Gtora., a 
 bold and ambitious man, had pollellcd himfelfoftbc upper City ; 'john 
 who headed the Zfj/t'/r, an infolent and ungovernable Generation, com- 
 manded the lower parts, and the out-skirts of the Temple ; the inner 
 parts whereof were fecured by /:.V.;:j/-tlie {o\\o\ Simon^ who had drawn 
 over a confideraMc number ot the Souldicrs to his Party ; and all thole 
 mutually quarrelling with, and cppofing one nnother. 7////i wiiliiiis 
 Army approaching, a bttlc betbre the y'i;/(/'..7folemnity begirt the City, 
 drawing it by degrees into a clofer vSicgc, he flraitly blocked up all .nenues 
 and paUriges of elcapc, building a Wall of thirty nine (/') Furlongs, whichc/') tid.iC 
 he flrengthened with thirteen Forts ; whereby he prevented all poliibi-^'^;**'- 
 hty either ot coming into, or going out ol the City, And now was 
 exaftly accomplifticd , w hat our Lord had Ibmc time fina' told them 
 
 would
 
 ^4- The Life of vS. S i m e o n. 
 
 Luke 1 9. 41 , would come to pafs, w hen he beheld the City and wept over it^fayim, ifthon 
 42,43, 44. ^,^^^ kyiowK^ even thou at leajl in this thy day^ the things that belong unto thy 
 peace ! bnt now they are hidden from thine eyes, For the day fhall come upon thee^ 
 that thine enemies Jhall cajl a trench about thee^and compajsthe round ^and keep 
 thee in on every fide^ and jhall lay the even with thee gromid^and thy children 
 ivithin thee^becai'.jc thou knon-eji not the time of thy vi/jtation.Thc truth is.vvho 
 
 ever would be at the pains to compare what our 
 
 Si/^xeti-aj 7T£ Tttf n 2«™^®- ".«/^^ Lord has faid concerning this War and the fackace 
 
 "M i:S£:A,:^Z^:m- of Jer.Jalem, with the accounts given of them hy 
 
 cniv^srtidi'A'fiiM'iriiiiy^li'uc^^yjb^ov Jojcphus, would find fo juft a correfpondcncc be- 
 
 f'^hy'i'^'''^J)'fm'''^^ tween the prophecy and the fuccefs, as would 
 
 tempt him to think that the Hiitorian had taken 
 hismeafures as much from our Lords, prediftions as from the event of 
 things. But to proceed : Terms of mercy were offered upon furrendcr, but 
 fcornfully rejected, which exafpcrated the Rotnan Army to fall on with 
 greater fiercenefs and feverity.And now God and Man, Heaven and Earth 
 leemed to fight againft them.Befides the Roman Army without, and the ir- 
 (.0 il>. K€?.A.<5'. reconcilableFaclions andDiforders withinjaf^jFamin, haltned by thole vaft 
 f 937 -^ i-i- multitudes that had flocked to the PaJ'sovers) raged fo horribly within the 
 5?« p- 954- (^ify^ j-i^^j ti^ey took more care to prey upon one another, and to plunder 
 their Provifions, than how to defend themfelves againft the common Ene- 
 my : thoufands were ftarved for w ant of Food, who di>rd fo faft, that they 
 were not capable of performing to them the laft Offices of Humanity , 
 but were forced to throw them upon common heaps ,• nay were redu- 
 ced to that extremity, that fome offered violence to all the Laws of 
 (l')Kiz.Kcc'.iibi Nature, among which was (b) yl/j/j the daughter of f/w^j/-, who being 
 /"f- undone by the Souldiers, and no longer able to bear the force and rage 
 
 of Hunger, boiled her fucking child and eat him. So plainly had our 
 Lord foretold the daughters of ferujalem , that the days ivere coming, in 
 the nhich they Jkould Jay, blefjedare the barren, and the wombs that never 
 hare, and the paps which never gave fuck. 
 
 VIL TITVS went on with the Seige, and finding that no methods 
 either of kindnefs or cruelty would work upon this obftinate genera- 
 tion of men, gave order that all things Ihould be made ready tor a ftorm. 
 Having gained the Tower of Antonic^, the Jews fled to the Temple which 
 (f) \h. K;?. ;t/s'. was liard by, the ( c) Out-gates and Porches whereof were immediately fet 
 K-^'x5c.f.<)'^G. on hrc, the Jews like perfons ftupified and ama2ed,never endeavouring to 
 quench it. Titus, the fweetnefs of whofe nature ever inclined him to 
 pity and compaflion, was greatly defirous to have fpared the People, 
 and (aved the Temple. But all in vain ; an obfcure Souldier threw a 
 Firebrand into the Chambers that were about the Temple, w hich pre- 
 fently took fire, and though the General ran and ftormed, and com- 
 manded to put it our, yet lo great was the clamour and confufion, tliat 
 his Orders could not be heard ; and when they were, it was too late , 
 the conquering and triumphant Flames prevailing in fpight of all oppo- 
 (d)ibid.K'.ji.>in'. fition,and making their way with fo fierce a(/)rage,as iftiicy threatned to 
 )'-959- burn up 3'hi<nt S/on to the very roots. So effectually did our Saviours 
 
 Commination take place, who told his Difciples, when they admired 
 the (lately and magnificent buildings of the Temple, Eerily I Jay unto you, 
 there jhall not be left here one Jlone upon another, that fhall not be thrown 
 down. And that nothing might be wanting to verifie our Lords prardi- 
 clion, Tianui Riifits \\ as commanded to plow up the very foundations 
 
 of
 
 'I he Life of S. .Simeon. 85 
 
 ot'it. How lad x figlic mud it nccJs Ix; to behold all tilings Inirlcd in- 
 to a mixture of lilood, .Smoke aiul Hamcs ! the 7"n \^trc (lain Mke 
 iiliccp or Oo^s, and many to prt\cnc tiie tncmics Sword, voluntarily 
 Jcapt into the fire ; the (j) number ot them that pcrilhcd in thisSiigc (j)il't!.Ktf. 
 amounting to no Ids than eleven huiid red thouland, befides ninety leven "'-f^^S- 
 thoufandthat ucrc made Slaves; the iniinitc multitudes that trom all 
 parts iud tlocked to the Fcart ot" the l'.tjscifi\'M\d were b) the Jiomtin At- 
 mv crowded up within theCity,rendring the account not miproliable. 
 
 VIII. .SUCH was the period of the Jfw/fh ( hiirch and State; thus 
 rdl JcrulJein^ \^ by liir the moll eminent City not of 'fuJj:j only,but ot 
 
 the whole F.j/fyOS (F) Pliny himlelf confcllcs) notwithOandmgus anti- (l')NJt.iiiit. 
 quitv, wealth, and Arength, after it had ftoodtroni the rime of Ihtvri/'-^-"^ F^°- 
 MC l.XXIX. years. And memorable it is, that this tatal Sitge began a 
 little before the /'.i/ioarr, about that very time when they had lo Imr- 
 barouHy treated and put to death the Son of God. So cxaf> q pro|>or- 
 tion docs tlic Divine JulUcc lomctimesobferxc inthe retributions of its 
 Vengeance. .A Kate not onl\ predicted by our lord and his ApoHlcs, 
 but lately prefignitied by immediate u ' Vrod\git:s and S/fMs from Heaven, {c) lafifkubi 
 A blazing Comet in the talhion of a Sword, hung dircirly over the (^[./"f-J'^- ^•»- 
 ty tor a whole ) ear together. In the Feall ot Unleavened lirtad, a little '* ^ ''"'' 
 before the breaking out of the War, at nine of the Clock of the night, 
 a light fuddenly Ihined out between the Altar and the Ttm^jlc, as bright 
 as it it had Lx:eii Noon-day. About the fame time a Heifer as Ihe was led 
 to facriticc, brought Ibrrh a Lamb in the very midll of the Temple. The 
 tiift (iatc of the innerpart of the Temple, ail of mall)' lirafs, and wliicJi 
 twenty men could hardly Ihur, alter it had be-en fall locked and barred, 
 was at night feen to open ot its own accord. Chariots and Armies 
 were beheld in the Air, all in their Martial Pofturcs, and preparing to 
 furround the City. At reutecflJl\s\\QV\ the I'rieRs entered into the in- 
 ner Temple, they firfl: perceived a noilc and motion, and immediately 
 heard a voice that faid, M;-ra,f<xiiof;(^.» 057eJ^r»', Let us depart i:en<e. .\x\A 
 tour years before ever the War began, while all thing were peaccal>Ic 
 and iecure, one 7<y«j, a plain Country Fellow pronounced many dread- 
 ful woes againll the Tcinplc,the ('ity,and the People, wherein he con- 
 tinued, cfjK-cially at fcflival times, notwithflanding all the cruelties 
 uled towards him tor leven years together, when fomc made a Ihift to 
 difpatch him by a violent death. But alas, an Angel it felf cannot llop 
 
 men that are riding Poll towards their own dc- _ , . ^ ^, . 
 
 flru^ihon. So little will \s arnings or threatnings, ^j^, „/;,^V,r xl -J\o\»< ^.<r,.i«u-; 
 or miracles fignifie with them , wliom Heaven rj/)* -ru r»4Tif« if.{ -m cvTiei*, 7»u ^' 
 hath once given up to an incurable infatua- '^[^{^^^^^^'^l^^,^^^^''^'^''^^' 
 lion, 
 
 IX. B U T it's high time to return antI enquire, inthe midl^of this 
 lad and calamitous iLite of things what l)ccainc of S.^V^rt/wandthe Chri- 
 (lians of that place. And of them \\c find, that being timely warned 
 by the caution uhicJi our Lord had given them, that wi^en tin fl^ilA 
 
 Jtc Jcrufilcm co>np.illcf{ ivith Armies^ ^itiJ the iiLoiviit.ition of dejuLitton i^that 
 is tile HvtnjM Army^ /f..W// ^ />/ tl.r hdy fU<e tl c\ Ihuld tl:e» fice i*ito the n r./r'./^.f. 
 A/cupitj/MS^ betake theml'elve to ibme obfcurc place of refuge ; and ha- pJ>.^ 
 
 vingbcen lately commanded by a particular >>/} revelation communicated '■'^,- ^)^^^' 
 to fomc pious and gotxl men among rhcin,' which h\sri>//>h.;iiju> w.isdoae XXX.,' $9. 
 by the m.nirtrv ot an Angel, ^ t()"lea\e Jcntf.ihm.'ind go to FeJliy iIk:)- f^^^'K^
 
 ^6 The Life of S.Simeo n. 
 
 univerfally withdrew themlelvcs , and fcafonably retreated thirhcr , 
 as to a little Zc.ir from the flames of Scdom, and fo not one perill.cd 
 in the common ruine. This Fe/la was a little Town in Ca-lo-Syrhi 
 • beyond Jor^^ui , deriving its name probably from FelLi a City oi'ALi- 
 
 ce'doniay as being founded and peopled by the MaccclcKians of Alexan- 
 der s Army, who fate down mAjh. That its inhabitants were Go;- 
 - . tiles, it's plain, in that tjie (^0 '^eivs under Alexander Jafhvm their King 
 tt^.^lJus"" facked it, bccaufe they would not receive the Rites of their Reh- 
 2^.fA62. gion. And God 'tis like on purpofe direifed the Chriftians hither , 
 that they might be out of the reach of the Bcjom of Dejlndlicn that 
 was to fweep away the Jews where-ever it came. Nor was it a lefs 
 remarkable inftance of the care and tendernels of the Divine Provi- 
 dence over them, that when Cejlim Gallus had befieged Jerujalem, on a 
 fudden he fliould unexpeftedly break up the Siege, at once giving them 
 warning of their danger, and an opportunity to elcape. h\o\v long Si- 
 meon and the Church continued in this little Sanftuary, and when they 
 returned to Jerujalem, appears not. If I might conjedure , I ihould 
 place their return about the beginning of Trajan s reign, when the fright 
 being fufficiently over, and the hatred and feverity of the Romans afiw a- 
 ged, they might come back with more fafety. Certain it is, that they re- 
 (h)Efiph. de turned before (^j^(5/r/^T«'s time, who forty feven years after the devafla- 
 ^^^'^•^^'■"■^tion coming to Jerufalem in order to its reparation, found there a few 
 houfes, and a little Church of Chriftians built upon Mount Sion, in that 
 very place where that Vpper Room was, into which the Difciples went 
 up when they returned from our Lords Afcenfion. Here the Chriftians 
 who were returned from Fella, kept their folemn Allemblies, and were 
 fo renowned for the flouriiliing ftate of their Religion, and the emi- 
 nency of their Miracles, that Aqu'da the Emperours Kinfman,and whom 
 he had made Governour and Overfeer of the rebuilding ot the City, 
 being convinced, embraced Chriftianity. But ftillpurfuing his old Ma- 
 gic and Aftrological ftudies notwithftanding the frequent admonitions 
 that were given him, he was caft out of the Church. Which he re- 
 fented as lo great an affront, that he apoftatized to Juda/Jm, and after- 
 wards tranllated the Bible into Greek. But to return back to Simeon ; 
 confident we may be that he adminiftred his Province with all diligence 
 and fidelity, in the difcharge whereof God was pleafed to prefer\e liim 
 as a perion highly ufeful to his Church, to a very great Age, till the mid- 
 dle of Trajan's reign \i hen he was brought to give his lalt teftimon}' to 
 his Religion, andtnar upon a very flight pretence. 
 
 X. 1 H E h>man Emperours Were infinitely jealous of their neweftabli- 
 ilied Sovereignty, and of any that might feem to be Corrivals with them, 
 efpecially in Falejtine and the Eajlem parts. For an Ancient and con- 
 ftant tradition (as appears befides Jcfephiu, both from Suetonius and Ta- 
 citus) had been entertained throughout the Rail, tliat out of JaduM 
 ftiould arife a Prince, that ihould be the great Monarcii of the World. 
 Which though Jojephiis to ingratiate himlelf with the Remaps, flatter- 
 ingly applied to rejpafian, yet did not this quiet their minds, but that 
 oCi^<nMoi ftill the\" beheld all that were of the line of David with a jealous eye. 
 ■^"^f '*"j|"''This made Domitian, J-'efpahans Ion refolve to deftroy all that were of 
 
 
 o-AT«T» ui^i^v'UJiuoi'; TJixClwou J)coyuhv ■T^a.Mv. Cliron.AlexancIr. ad Ann. I. Olympiad. CCXIII. IndiCtiiV. 
 Vcfp.if.V.p. 586. eadem babet de Domitian ad An. i.Olymp- CCXVIII. Ind.V.Dnmit.XIIL p.590. ^ 
 
 the
 
 7h(f Life of S. S I M E o 1^. 517 
 
 the blood royal of the houfc of Jut/jh ; upon which account two Nc- 
 phcusot S. 7w'/'^iOi""-"<^>t^li^' brotliirs of our Lord were brouj^lit bt-fbrc 
 iiim,;ind dcfpilld by him tor tlicir poscr'iy and incanncfs, aspcrluns ve- 
 ry unlikely to (land competitors for a Oown. The very lame Indirt- 
 ment was brought againrt our aged liilliop ; for fome of the Sc^Uof the 
 *Jc-iv\ not ablctolK-ar hisailivity and zeal in thecaufe of his Religion, * 'J'A ' 3- f- 
 and fmding nothuig elle to charge upon him, accufed liim to .•///;tw..,at 5-'/''°3.'°4- 
 tiiat time Conju/jr Legjt ol S\ru^ for being of the Follerity oftlie Kings 
 ot 'fut{J\ and witlial a Cliridian. Hereupon he was apprehended and 
 brought bctbre the Frocvtijul^ who commanded him tor leveral days to- 
 gether to be wracked with the moll exijuifite torments. All which he 
 underwent with lb compofed a mind, fo uncoiujucrable a patience that 
 the froconju/ and all that w ere prefent were amazed to fee a perfon of 
 fo great age able to endure Inch and lb many tortures: at lall he was 
 commanded to Ik: Crucified. He fullered in CX\. year of his age, and 
 in the Xycar of 7>jm«'s reign, AnM.Chr.CVU^^ ihcAlexjHflrin Chroni- 
 con + places it Tr.j;. VII .-/mm. C/r. as appears by the Conjuls, CIV, though t >*« 4. OArr;. 
 as doubtful of that, he places it again in the tollowing year ) after he ^^'^'^ '"^■^^ 
 had late liifhop of Jerufjic-m { computing his Succcllion trom H. J.imfs his^ "^ 
 Martyrdom ) XI. Ill, orXIIV years; * Fctavms makes it no lefs than •Aitnmdv.ad 
 XI. VII, though Nicephonts Patriarch of Cotiftuntimble ( probably by ^ ^P'P'; H-""*/- 
 nuflake ot" tlie figure ) aOign him but XXIII. A longer proportion of ^^^''^'^'^*' 
 time than a dozen of his immediate Succcflbrs were aulc to make up, 
 God probably lengthening out his lite, that as a ikilful and faithful Pilot 
 he might (leer and conduct the .Atfaus of that Church in thofc difmal 
 and llormy days. 
 
 The Encfof 5. SI M EONS'i Life. 
 
 O THE
 
 t.4 
 
 I
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. IGNATIUS 
 
 BISHOV of A N r I C H. 
 
 99 
 
 J lis Originals HnknoivH. Called 'V)\<X>^)\oryi%] and why'. V:e Story of his 
 h<iMg taken up into our Saviours arms^ refuted. His Apojhlic education. 
 S. John'j Dtfciple. //is being made Rijhop of Antiocfl. The minency 
 
 Ox V
 
 joo The Life ofS. Ignatius. 
 
 (f that See. 7?'^ order of bis (uccejfion jiated. His prudent GozerK- 
 ment of that Church. J he tradition of his appointing Antiphonal hjmjs 
 by revelation. TrajanV perficuting the Church at Antioch. His dijcourje 
 U7//' Ignatius. Igmtms his cruel ufige. flis Jentence pajfcd. tii sit- 
 ing tranfmitted to 'Rome : and why fent fo jar to his execution. His ar- 
 rival at Smyrna, and meeting with S. Poly carp. His Epiflles to fever d 
 churches. His coming to Troas, and Epijlles thence. His arrival at 
 Porto Romano. Met on the way by the Chrifiians at Rome. His ear- 
 nefi defire of Martyrdom. His praying for the profperity tf the Church. 
 Tfje time of his Paffion. His being thrown to wild Beajis. What kind 
 of punifhment that among the Romans. The colleclion of his Remains, 
 and their tranfportation to Antioch ; and the great honours dune to them. 
 7he great plenty of them in the Church of Rome. Ticz]m s Jurceajmg the 
 Perfecution againjt the Chrifiians. The dreadful Earthquakes happening 
 at Antioch. Ignatius his admirable Piety. His general fclicitude for 
 the prefervation and propagation of the Chriflian Dotirine^ as an Apojtlc. 
 His care, diligence, and fidelity^ as a B if hop. His patience and fortitude, as 
 a Martyr. His Epiflles, Volyar^'s commendation of them. 
 
 I. ij^^^jjl^^^^ I N D I N G nothing recorded concerning the 
 
 Country or Paremage of this Holy Man, I ihall 
 not build upon meer fanfie and conjedurtf. 
 He is ordinarily ftiled both by himfclf and c- 
 thers Theophorm, which thougli like Jufhts it be 
 oft no more than a common -Epithet, yet is it 
 fometimes ufed as a proper name. It is writ- 
 ten according to the diflerent accents, either 
 0fo(po^©-, and then it denotes a divine perfon, a 
 manwhofe foul is full of God, and all holy and divine qualities, o rY^e/'^v 
 ov T>i •^j^'^} 'K%«(pfpwi', as Ignatius himfelf is faid to explain it ; or Qii(r)o- 
 p©., and {o in a pafTiv^ fignification it implies one that is born or carried 
 by God. And in this latter fenfe he is faid to have derived the title from 
 our Lord's taking him up into his Arms. For thus we are told, that he 
 Maik 9. 3<5. was that very Cfnld whom our Saviour took into his arms, and fct in the 
 Matt.i 8.2,3,4. midft of hisDifciples, as the moft lively inftance of Innocency and Humi- 
 MManaon ^^^y- -^""^ *^^^^^ affirmed (if number might carry it) not only by the 
 Gr<tw" T? (a) Greeks in their public Rituals, by (F) Metaphrafles, {c) Nicephorus, and 
 HxorS T» Ae- others, but ( as the Primate of Armagh (c/) obferves from the Manufcripts 
 ll^Metafhr.ad'^'^ his own pofTeflion ) by two Syriac Writers, more ancient than they. 
 Decembr. 2o. But liow confidently or generally foever it be reported, the Story at 
 T'^dcftek!-^ bell is precarious and uncertain, not to fay abfolutely falfe and ground- 
 4/w^^«e«. ^^^^ ^^^^ J ^^ {e)S.Chryfoficm (who had far better opportunities of 
 (c) Nj«//;. H. i^nowing than they) exprefly affirms of Jgn.it an, tiiat he ne\er i\\\ our 
 ECCU2.C.35. gjjyJQy^^ Qj, enjoyed any familiarity or converfe with him, 
 
 {i) Amiot. lit , , y V ^ , , „ 
 
 hn.-tt. AH-f.-yi. "Oktwj ^spavi/'^oux^Hsttt ©jo^op©-, Wt^j. Niiot©- ja tTry^ui^M x^a^^jv tif^ic^'; 
 
 Ta Kve<8 <pi£^/u.yJoi, 't'sttiTTJ dva.ipavvVT>( tr^i t'uuf, jjcs^&t uoi, <o( to -m/^t^ov tvj:. Men. Grxc. loc. cit.it. 
 (e) Hotml in S. Jgnat.f- 506. 1'om. i. , 
 
 If. I N his younger year<5 lie was brought up under Apoftolicil Infl itu- 
 
 (f)ibilf.^9<).t\on:(o{f')Chryfofhm tells us,that he was intimately con\erlant with the 
 
 Apoflles, educated and nurfedup by them, every where at hand, and 
 
 made partaker f}?r^ ;^ aacp jitm', both of their familiar difcourfes, and 
 
 more
 
 The Life of S.lc k at i us. j o i 
 
 morcfccrct and uncommon Myflcrics. Wliicli though 'tu» probable he 
 
 means ot Ills particular convcriation witli b^ rrtirr and fau/^ yet ibmc of 
 
 the torcm.-ntioncJ Authors, and not they only, but the *.'//// of hh * y,,^f,„^, ^ 
 
 Martjrdom, written abisfuppolal l)y lome preleiit at it, liirrlier alliire iCSiiJu. 
 
 us, tliat he was S. John's Dilciple. Ikmg tully inllruited in the Doctrines ^^"' 
 
 ot ( hriftianity, he was tor his eminent jvarts, and the great Piety of" hi-; 
 
 ht'e, cholen to leliilhopot Ww.'/^W.'the Metropohsot\S'>r/./, and the moll; 
 
 famous and lenownetl C ity ot the /;'.///; not more remarkable among 
 
 Foreign Writers for being tlic OneMtal iJeat of the Hnnun Kinj-^crourr;, 
 
 and their \'icc-Koys and Governours ; than it is in Ecclefiaflics tor its 
 
 eminent entertainment of the( hrillian Faith, its giving the venerable 
 
 title of ChriJiuiHS to the Difciples of the Floly Jtjiu., and .S. /'{•/<■/ s fir (I 
 
 and }x.'culiar refidencc in this place. Whence the Synod oi'\ConJl.wtino- t yip.Thfcdo- 
 
 /.vallembled uniier Nriijniu., in their i'vW/u/ Epirtle to the H'eJUrH"'-^"'-"'^^- 
 
 liilhops, defervcdly call it, the mnjt ancient jnd truly .-ipoflolic Church of''^^"^^^' 
 
 Antioch., in which the- honourable name of (Jiriflians did firjl commence. 
 
 In all which rcfpc:fs it is frequently in the Writings of theClhurcli by a 
 
 proud kind of title fliled 0..jTr;'.ii, or the City oj Gcd. That Iqnatius 
 
 was conflituted lUlhop ot tiiis Clhurch, is allowed on all hands, though 
 
 as to the time and order of his coming to it, almoll the fame dilhculties 
 
 occur, which Ix'tore did in Clemens his fuccellion to the See of Rome^ 
 
 pollibly not readily to be removed but by the fame method of folution, 
 
 tafily granted in tjfis cafe by * B.ironms himfelt, and fome other Writers of * ^"^ ^"" 45- 
 
 note in that C hurch. I Ihallnot need to prove what is evident enoueh 'L'i„!^"ilf' 
 
 - I ■ 111 I I I I I \ t • " iviartyr. upm. 
 
 in It lelt, and plamly acknou ledged by the Ancients, that Peter and Faul frt.i.;.88. 
 planted Chrillianity in this ( ity, and both concurred to the foundation 
 of this Church; the one applying himfelf tothcym.f, tiie other to tjic 
 Gentiles. And large enough was the Vinc)ard to admit the j(Mnt-en- 
 deavours of thefc two great Planters of the Gofpcl, it being a vart po- 
 pulous City, containing at that time according to S.chryjc/hm's compu- 
 tation, no lefs than tw o hundred thoufand fouls. But the ApoAles ; wJio 
 could not Aay always in one place) being callod off to the Minirtry of 
 otiier Churclics, faw it nccellary to fubftitute others in their room, the 
 one refigning his trull to £W/«j; thcotlier to Iqnatii<<;. F4cncc in tlic 
 Apojhlic CoMjtitntions t Euodius is faid to be ordained Bilhop of Antioch.^ tij*-7.f47. 
 by S. Fetcr ; and I^n.uius by S. /'*;«/; till EucJius dying, and the Jeivilh / 45i- 
 Converts being letter reconciled to tlie Centilesy Ignatins fuccceded in 
 the Iblecare and Prefidency over that Church, wherein he might pofli- 
 bly Ih: aiterwards confirmed by feter himleU! In u Inch refpe*^ proba- 
 bly the Author of the(*/) Alexandrine Chronicon meant it, ^ hen he a/lirms {j)Adjin. T$b 
 that /(^«j//«f wascondituted liilliopof Antioch by the ApojUes. By tliis ^i>^-f526- 
 means he may belaid both immediately to fuccecd thc.Apoftle,as(^)r)/-/- ^^)o„,^^ 
 .«;£■«, {c) Eujehins^id) Atl:ana/ins.,and (e ) Chryjpjlomaihrm^ and uithaltobc ^jnLucpzi^ 
 the next after Euodius., as(/) S. / /icroni,{^ Socrates .,{h) Metaphrajies and ['^^""f'^if^' 
 others place him. However Eurdi'S dying, and he being fctlcd In it by the >dfAti/n!je ' 
 Ai^<illles hands, might be jullly iaid to fucceed S. I'etcr ; in \\ hich fenfe it i>-'"^'^nm.(i 
 is that fome of the Ancients exprelly atlirm him to have received his Con- ((•cimfyKUc. 
 fecration from S. Peter^ 2^* r-ra /JLcya?.^ lUjpn 6i';ix^ r ap-,;«(»r<rui/BS r cn.f. 500. 
 ytt'f fdt^afo, lays(/) TherJoret ; and fo their own (k) Flillonan relates it, ^^^/""^■^•^' 
 that /V/rr coming to .-/wz/of/.' in hispallageto A'c/wc, and finding Eaiodius {^)tcr h.EccI. 
 
 (h) M'r.-fk td'ifipr. (1 ' rx- In-.inutih. DiJi'fg I /. 55. Tan. y (k, ' TfJ^Ulel. Clrrtn. I. I OJtf. "L'^cr. 
 
 Sm. mVpji. sil Antiocb.f.tg. 107 
 
 latelv
 
 J 02 T/je Life ofS. Ignatius. 
 
 lately dead, committed the Government of it to /gmjtius, whom he 
 made Bilhop of that place : though it will be a little difficult to recon- 
 cile the Times to an agreement with that account. 
 
 III. SOMEWHAT above forty years S. Ignatius continued in his 
 charge at Antiod\ ( Nicephonis Patriarch of Ccnliantimple all gns him but 
 four years, the figure p. for forty, being probably through tlie carelcls- 
 nefs of Tranfcribers flipt out of the account) in the midfl of very liormy 
 
 * AcUgmt. and tempeftuous times. But* he like a wife and prudent Pilot fate at 
 
 '•''^- the Stern, and declined the dangers that thrcatned them by his prayers 
 
 and tears, his fallings and the conftancy of his preaching, and thofe inde- 
 fatigable pains he took among them, fearing iefl any of the more weak 
 and unfetled Chriftians might be overborn wiith the llorms of Ferfecu- 
 tion. Never did a little calm and quiet interval happen, but he rejoiced in 
 tlie profperity of the Church: though as to himlelf he fomewhat impa- 
 tiently expeded and longed for Martyrdom, without which he accoun- 
 ted he could never perfectly attain to the love of Chrift, nor fill up the 
 duty and meafures of a true Difciple, which accordingly afterwards be- 
 came his portion. Indeed as to the particular acts of his Government, 
 nothing memorable is recorded of him in the Antiquities of the Church, 
 
 t H- Eccl.loc. j^Qj.g j-j^jj, ^j^jjt ^ Socrates relates ( by what authority, I confefs, I know 
 not ) that he fawa Vifion, wherein he heard the Angels with alternate 
 ' ' hymns celebrating the honour of the holy Trinity, in imitation where- 
 
 of he inftituted the way of Antiphonal hymns in the Church of AtJtiocl.\ 
 which thence fpread it lelf over the whole Chriftian Church. Whether 
 this Story was made on purpofe to out-vie the Arr/ans w ho were wont 
 on thcSahhaths and Lord's-^ays to fing alternate hymns in their Congre- 
 gations, with fome tart reflexions upon the Orthodox, infomuch that 
 Chryjfljtom was forced to introduce the fame way of finging into the Or- 
 thodox AfTemblies; or whether it was really inftituted by i^«<;?m/j^, but 
 afterwards grown into dif-ufe,I will not fay. Certain it is, that Flai'ia- 
 
 ^'theodoret.H.ms aftctwards Biihop of Antioch in the -reign of Conftant'tm is *faidto 
 
 TMllz.c.zi,. Jiave been the firfl: that thus eflablilhed the Quire, and appointed /:'uw^/'s 
 Pfalms to be fung by turns, which thence propagated it felf to otlier 
 Churches. S. Amlrofe was the firft that brought it into the Wtjiem 
 
 t S'gthen.chr. Church, reviving (fays the t Hiflorian) the ancient inflitution of Ignatius^ 
 
 adAnn.chr. long difufcd among the Greeks. But to return. 
 
 387. jy^ j^ was about the year of Chrift CVII. When Trajan x\\tEm- 
 
 perour fwelled with his late Viffory over the ^cv/Zv./w^ and the Dja, 
 about the ninth year of his reign came to Antioch, to make preparation 
 for the War which he was relolved to make upon the Parthuws and 
 Armenians. He entered the City with the Pomps and Solemnities of a 
 triumph, and as his firft care ufually was about the concernments of Re- 
 
 ^AH.ib.f.z. ligion, he began prefently to enquire into that af?air. Indeed he * loo- 
 ked upon it as an affront to his other Victories to be conquered by Chri- 
 ftians;and therefore to make this Religion ftoop, had already commen- 
 ced aPerfecution againft them in other parts of the Empire, wiiich he re- 
 folvcd to carry on here. S. Ignatius ( whofe folicitude for the good 
 of his Flock made him continually ftand upon his guard thinking it more 
 
 »^g.j^„P^ prudent to go himfelf, than ftay to be fent for, ofhis own* accord pre- 
 fentcd himfelf to the Emperour, between whom there is faid to have 
 pafled a large and particular difcourfe, the Emperour wondring that he 
 dared to irangrefshis Laws, whik- the good man aliened his ou^n inno- 
 
 cency.
 
 » 
 
 'Ihe Life of S. i on at lus. 103 
 
 cency, and the power uhicli Gcxl luth given tliem overcviJ Spirits, and 
 that the gfxis ot the Gcunks were no Letter than iXnm/if, there bein^ 
 but one lupreme deity, who made the World, and his only bi-j^oiten 
 Son Jcfiii Clrif/, wlio tliough crucified under /'//.;/:•, had yet dellroyed 
 him that had the power of fin, that is, tlie DcviJ, and would ruine the 
 whole Power and F.mpireof the /'u-ww/f, and tread it under the tectof 
 thole, who carried God in their hearts. The illue was, that he uascafl 
 into prifon, \viiere ^ if what the *0>a/HituaJs and foine otliers rei>ort, '"'^''if'f.'- 
 bc true ) he was for the conflancy and refolution of his Profelhon, fub- ^c^ ^* 
 ie»!k'd to the mofl fevere and mercilefs torments, wiiipped with I'Lm- 
 /.;/*^,Scourges with leaden Bullets at tlieend of them, forced to hold fire 
 in Jus iiands, wjiile liis fides were burnt witli papers dipt in oil, his teet 
 flood upon live coaJs, and his llclh was torn off with burning I'mcers. 
 Having by an invincible patience overcome the malice and cruelty of 
 his Tormenters, tile Kmperour pronounced the t final fentence upon t /»<:'. Atiryr. 
 him, that being incurably over-run with Superflition , he fhould be^"*' 
 earned bound by .Souldiers to /f<?w/f, and there thrown as a prey to wild 
 Hearts. The C(xxl man heartily rejoiced at the fatal decree, I thank thee^ 
 Lord ( laicT he ) that thou h.xj} cond(ji:eneleA thin perjcttly to honour me 
 with thy lovCy ami halt thought me worthy with thy Apojile I'aulto he hound 
 with iron chains. With that he chcarfully embraced his chains, and ha- 
 ving fervently prayed for liis Church, and with tears recommended it 
 to the divine care and providence , he dehvered up himfclf into the 
 hands of his Keepers, tliat were appointed to tranfjx^rt him to the place 
 of execution. 
 
 V. IT mayjuflly fecmflrange,and 'twas tliat which puzled thcgrcat 
 * Scaii^er , u hy he Ihould be lent fo vafl a way from Anticch in Syna to ♦ AmrMdv.\ad 
 be martyred at Hon-.e. Whereof thefe probable accounts may be rcn- ^'/'*- c'-^"^- 
 dred. Kirfl, It wa.s uUial with the Governours of Provinces, where '^■^°'" 
 the malefadors were more than ordinarily eminent, either for the qua- 
 lity of their pcrfons, or the nature of their crimes, to fend them to 
 y?<'/wf,that their punilhment might be made exemplary in the eye of the 
 World. Secondly his enemies were not willing he fhould fuffer at 
 home , where lie was too much honoured and cfleemcd already, and 
 where his death would but raife him into a higher Veneration with 
 the People, and fettle their minds in a firmer belief of that Faith, wjiich 
 he had taught them, and whicli they tlien law him feding with his 
 blood. Thirdly , by fo long a journey, they hoped that in all places 
 where he came, men would be more eirc:Vually terrified from embra- 
 cing that Religion, which they faw fo much diflafled and refented by 
 the Kmperour, and the profellion whereof could not be purchafed but 
 at fo dear a rate ; befides tiie probability , that by this ufage the con- 
 flancy of hnattus himfclf might be broken, and he forced to yield. 
 Fourthly, tliev defigned to make the good man's puniOiment as fevere 
 and heavy as they could, and therefore fo contrived it that there miglit 
 be a concurrence of circumflances to render it bitter and grievoui to 
 him. His great age, lx:ing tiien probably above foiirfcore years old, 
 the vafl Icncth and tedioufncfs of the journey, ; which was not a lit- 
 tle encreafe-J by the lya/jpnt.'/ h\x-jf:i i^. J^jm. aS iS.Ch\Jn(icm ob- \ H.-ai,Uit. 
 fervcs, their goingthefartheft way about, for they went not the direil T '>'^y 
 palTage to A'wnc, but by infinite windings, diverted from place to place^; 
 the trouble and difficulty of the palliigc, bad at all dmes, but much 
 
 worle
 
 1 04. The Life ^/S. I g n a t i u s. 
 
 worfe now in Winter, the want of all neceflary conveniencics and ac- 
 commodations for foaged and infirm a perfon, the rude and mcrcilels 
 ufagc of his Keepers, who treated him with all ruggednefs and mhuma- 
 nity : From Syria even to Rome both by Sea and Land J fight ivith Beajts, 
 nhht and day J am chained to ten Leopards^ ( which is my mlitary guard ) 
 * Epifl. ad ivho, the kinder I am to them^ are the more cruel and fierce to me, as * him- 
 Rpnuf. 2q- ^ felf complains. Eefides what was dearer to him than all this, his credit 
 af. Ew/'^-J- 3- jjj^ J reputation might be in danger to fuffer with him, feeing at fo great 
 c. 3 .f. 107- ^ j^^pj(.g the Romans "A'ere generally more likely to underlland him to 
 fuffer as a Malefaftor for fome notorious crime, than as a Martyr for Re- 
 i Martyr. iJ;i ligioH, and this f Metaphrajles ziTures us, was one particular end of his 
 /«/r./.995- fending thither. Not to fay that beyond all this, the Divine Provi- 
 dence , which knows how to bring good out of evil, and to over-rule the 
 defigns of bad men to wife and excellent purpofes ) might the rather 
 permit it to be fo, that the leading fo great a man fo tar in triumph, 
 might make the Faith more remarkable and illuflrious, that he might 
 Vid. chryfofi. j^jjy^ j-j^g better opportunity to eftablilli and confirm the Chriftians, 
 Honul.at.pag. ^^^^ flocked to him from all parts as he came along; and by giving them 
 the example of a generous Vertue, arm them witii the flronger refolu- 
 tion to die for their Religion, and efpecially that he might leal the truth 
 of his Religion at Rome , where his death might be <iiJa.cr5(g(iAi©- -f otci- 
 *"^ ^Was ( as Chryfojlom fpeaks ) a Tutor ot Piety, and teach xaxtiiZw ^lAoac- 
 
 <fav the City that was fo famous for Arts and Wifdcm , a new and bet- 
 ter Philofophy than they had learned before. To all which may be ad- 
 ded , that this was done not by the Provincial Govemour , who had in* 
 deed power of executing capital punilhments within iiis own Pnance 
 ( which feems to have been the main ground of Scaligers fcrupie ) but 
 ■ . immediately by the Emperour himfelf, whofepleafure and command it 
 was that he fhouldbe fent to Rome; whither we muft row follow him 
 to his Martyrdom : in the account whereof we Ihall for the main keep 
 to the ^^j of it, written in all probability by Philo and ^gathopus, the 
 Companions of his Journey, and prefent at his Palfion ; two antient 
 Verfions whereof the incomparable Bilhop Z^Jher firft recovered and 
 publiihed to the World. 
 *AR.igrtat. VI. BEING * configned to a guard often Souldiers, he took his 
 Z""^' 5- leave of his beloved Antioch(^i\nA. a fad parting no doubt there was be- 
 
 tween him and his people; yNhowitxetoJee his face no more') ^nA was 
 conduced on foot to Seleucia^ a Port-town of Syria, about fixtcen miles 
 diftant thence, the very place whence Paul and Barnabas fet fail for Cy- 
 prus. Here going abroad, after a tedious and difficult Voyage they ar- 
 rived at Smyrna, a famous City of Ionia, where they were no fooncr fet 
 on Ihore but he went to falute S. Polycarp Bilhop of the place , his old 
 Fellow-Pupil under S. John the Apoftle. Joyful uas the meeting o£ 
 thefe two Holy men, S. Polycarp being fo far from being difcouraged that 
 he rejoyced in the others chains, and carneftly prclfcd hiin to a 'irm and 
 final perfeverance. Hither came in the Countrcy round about, efpecially 
 theBilhops, Presbyters and Deacons of the Allan Churclies, to behold 
 fo venerable a fight , to partake of the holy Martyrs prayers and blef- 
 fing, and to encourage himtoholdon to his conlummation. To re- 
 quite whole kindnefs, and for their further inftruftion and eftabliihment 
 t £«/fi. H. in the Faith, he wrote t ;-etters from hence to feveral Churches, one 
 cc^^^ 3.C.S • ^^ ^j^^ Epheftans , wherein he commends Onejitms their Bilhop lor his fin- 
 
 gular
 
 J be Ltfe nf S. I c; n a t i u s. 105 
 
 gular Charity ; another to ALi7»rf:.i»<, a City fcatcd upon tlic River 
 Mtandcr^ which hc lent by Djulu tlicir IJill'.op, />'.;//») ^nd .'ipollomiu 
 Presbyters, and Soth Deacon of that C-hurch ; a third to the itaiiian^ 
 by l'ol\liiis their Hilhop, wherein he pariicularl)' prelles them to rul.jc- 
 ilion to their .Spiritual Guides, ami to avoid tliolc jHr'lilent H.vretical lJ<j- 
 clrincs that were then rifcn in theC hurch. A lourth he wrote to tJic 
 C hriftians at AVwr, to acquaint them with his prelent flatc, and paHio- 
 natc defire not to l)c hindred in that courte ot Martyrdom, which he 
 was now halbiingto acconiplith. 
 
 VII. H\^ Keepers a little impatient of their ft.iy at Smyrna^ (ct Sail 
 for 7rwf, a noted City of the leller rhry^i.i^ not tar tiom the ruins of 
 the ancient Jroy: where at his arrival he was nor a little refrellied with 
 the news that lie received of the I'erfecution ceafing in tlie Church of 
 Antioch. Hitlicr re\cral ('hurches fent their Mcllengers to vifit and fa- 
 lutc him, and hence he difpatched two F.piftles, one to the Church at 
 rhil.ieiclplhi^ to prefs them to love and Unity, and to fland fall in the 
 truth and fimplicity oi the Gofpcl, the other to the ( hurch oi SniMnj^ 
 from whence he lately departed, which he fent, asalfo the former, by 
 Burr/'us the Deacon, whom they and the Fpheji.uis had fent to wait upon 
 him ; and together with that ( as (.i > f-ujclius informs us ) he wrote pri- {■>) Lk. crp: 
 vately to .St. Pchcjrp^ particularly recommending to him the care and '•^" 
 overlight of the Church of Afttipch, for which as a vigilant Paflor lie 
 could not but have a tender and very dear regarti; though very learned 
 men ( but certainly without any jull reafon ) think this not to ha\ e been 
 a diflin^l Kpillle from the former, but joyntly directed and intended to 
 .St. Polycjrp and his Church of Smyrna. Which how ever it be, they con- 
 clude It as certain that the F.pifllc to .St. Pchcirp now extant,is none of ir, 
 as in which notliing of the true temper and fpirit of Ign.utus docs aj->pear, 
 while others of great note not improbably contend for it as genuine and 
 finccre. From /rojvthey failed to AVj/><7/i<, a Maritime Town of /Vjc^- 
 ^(?»/.7, thence to Philippr^ a RomjH Colony ( the very fame journey which 
 >St. Fan! had gone before him, ) where (, as (/^) .St. Polycarp intimates in Ad.i6 ir.iz. 
 his EpiAle to that Church) they were entertained with all imaginable (^J^y'-^"'^ 
 kindnefs and courtefie, and condu*i:>ed tbrwards in their Journey, ."/^'jj^j/^y^^ 
 Hence they palled on foot through Macedom.i and F.pinis^ till they came <«^ "«'• 
 to FpiJjnDtum a City of Pj/wj;/./, where again taking Ship they failed 
 through the Afliutu\, and arrived at Ricj^ium a Port Town in /'.:/>, 
 whence they directed their courfe through the Tyrrhenian Sea to Puteo- 
 //, /^^j//:/i dcfiring ( iht might have Ixen granted ! thence to have gone 
 by by I and, that he might have traced the lame way, by which St. Paul 
 went to Rome. After a day and a nights ftay at Puteoli.,^ profperous wind 
 quickly carried them to rlie Rcwa/i Port^ the great Harbour and Sta- 
 tion fcr their \a\y, built near oii:.t at tiie month of 7\/ct, about fix- 
 tccn miles from Rome^ w hither the holy Maryr longed to come, as much 
 defirous to be at the end of his Kace, as his Keepers, weary of their 
 voyage, were to Ix: at tlicendof tlieir Journey. 
 
 \'III. THF Chrilhansat AVwj'dailyexpcchng his arrival, were come 
 out to meet and entertain him, and accordingly rcceival him with an 
 equal refcntment of joy and forrow. Glid they were of the prellncc 
 and comp.iny of fo great and good a man, but quickly found tlieir joy 
 allayed with tlie remembrance, iiowfoon, and by Ivnv feverc a death he 
 was to be taken from tlicm : and w hen fome of them did but intimate, 
 
 P that
 
 10^ The Life ofS. Ignatius. 
 
 that poHibly the People might be taken off from defiring his death, lie 
 expreired a pious indignation, intreating them to caft no rubs in his way, 
 nor do any tiling that might hinder htm, nov/ he washaliningto his 
 Oown. Being conduced to Eome, he was prcfented to the Piafell of 
 the City, and as 'tis probable, the Emperors Letters concerning him 
 were delivered. In the meantime while things were preparing ior his 
 Martyrdom, he and the Brethren that reforted to him improved their 
 time to pious purpolesj he prayed with them, and for tliera, heartily 
 recommended the ftate of the Church to the care and protedtion of our 
 blelled Saviour, and earneftly folicited Heaven, that it would flop the 
 Perfecution that was begun, and blefs Chriflians with a true love and 
 charity towards one another. That his punilhment might be the more 
 pompous and public, one of their folemn Feftivals, the time of their Sa- 
 turnalia, and that part of it when they celebrated their SJgilbna, was 
 pitched on for his Execution .• at which time they were wont to enter- 
 tain the People with the bloody conflifts of Gladiators, and the hunt- 
 ing of, and fighting with wild Beads. Accordingly on the XIII. of 
 the Kalends of 'January, that is, December XX. he was brought out into 
 the Amphitheatre, and according to his own fervent defire, thathemigiit 
 have no other grave but the bellies of wild Beafts, the Lions were let 
 loofe upon him, whofe roaring alarm he entertained with no other con- 
 cernment, than that now as God's own Corn he fhould be ground be- 
 tween the teeth of thefe wild Beafts, and become white bread for his hea- 
 venly Mailer. The Lions were not long doing their work, but quick- 
 ly difpatched their Meal, and left nothing but what they could not well 
 devour, a few hard and folid bones. This throwing of perfons to wild 
 {a) Paul. jc. Beads was accounted among the Romans, {a) inter Jumma Jupplicia, and 
 s«''''^JJ'^- was never ufedbut for very capital offences, and towards the vilelfand 
 g'adief.cor'wi. "^o^ defpicable Malefactors, under which rank they beheld the Chrifli- 
 4e Stcar.^ Ve- ans, who wcre fo fomiliarly deflined to this kind of death, ( that as * 7>r- 
 **^Apoio cAo ^''^■^■^^^ t^lls us; upon any trifling and frivolous pretence, if a Famine or 
 flyt."^'^ °'an Earthquake did but happen, the common out-cry \\'z.s,CbriJiianos ad 
 Leones, away with the Chriflians to the Lions. 
 
 IX. AMONG other Chriflians that were mournful fpedators of this 
 Tragic Scene, were the Deacons I mentioned, who had been the Com- 
 panions of his Journey , who bore not the leafl part in the forrows 
 of that day. And tiiat they might not return home with nothing but 
 (h)A^jgnat.f. the account of lb lad a Story, they gathered up the bones(^)which the wild 
 ^''^MenGixc ^^^^^ ^'^^^ fpared, and tranfported them to Antiocb, wliere they were 
 TH~)i6''ra u- joy ^'Jlly received, and honourably entombed in the Cemetery without 
 v»af Hieoron. the Gate that leads to Daphne. A palBge which Chryjhjhm according 
 nl"^^'*" ^' ^° ^^ Rhetorical Vein elegantly amplifies as the great honour and 
 (e)£(M^r.K£c. treafure of that place. From hence in the reign of (c) Theododm they 
 /.I .C.I 6,^.274. yyej-e by his command, with mighty pomp and folemnity removed to 
 the Tychxon within the City, a Temple heretofore dedicated to the 
 public Genius of the City, but now confecrated to the memory 
 of the Martyr. And for their tranilation afterwards to Rome, 
 and the Miracles faid to be done by them, they that are further curious 
 may enquire. For indeed I am not now at leifure for thefe things. But 
 Boaw. addi- 1 can dired the Reader to one that will give him very punctual and par- 
 '■'" '•/'^''- ^ ticular accounts of them, and in what places the feveral parcels of his Re- 
 ^'" ''^' liques are bellowed ; no lefs than five Churches in Rome enriched with 
 
 tliem.
 
 The Life ofS. Ignatius r n - 
 
 them, Ix^fidcs others in Njples^ S/ci/vy lr.wce, I'ljnrffrs, Ca,. ■■..,:) , and 
 indeed where not. And verily but that foraemen have x \'.:v Im-pv 
 taculty at doing wonders by iniiltiphcation, a man would be .i;^l :<);\u,=- 
 der how a few bones ( and tliey were not man)- which the Lions fpaied ) 
 could be able to fcrve Co many fevcnil ( hurchcs. I could likewiic 
 tell him along flory oi the various travels and donations of St. /^wj.';.vi 
 his liead, and by what gcKid tbrtune it came at lafl to the Jejiafcs C ol- 
 lege at 7?wj»f, where it is richly enilirined, Iblemnly and religioully 
 worlliippcd, but that I am afraid my Reader will gi\e me nothajiks for 
 my pains. 
 
 X. ABOUT this rime, or a little before, while Trjjjn was yet at ^n- 
 tioch, he flopped, or at leaf! mitigated the I'erfecution againfl C hriflians: 
 For having had an account trom (./) rinn the rrtKOMjuI oi B/:l-\njj(\\Uoir\ ^■''^ ^ ' '"'■''' 
 he had imployed to that pur{X)ft) concerning tiie innocency and fun- „',.. , .; . 
 plicity of the ( hrillians, that they were a harmlefs and inoflaifivc Gc- c';""" ' " • •'/'• 
 neration; and lately received a I etterfrom(^) lyberunm Governour of^^^^^'V" 
 Fakfitna. Frtma^ wherein he tokl him that he was wearied out in cxe- 43. 
 cuting the Laws againflthe GJiUcans^ who crouded themfelves in (uch'.^j^f';" "^ 
 multitudes to Execution, that he could neither by perfuafion nor threat- ^J/' 
 nings ke-cp them from owning themfelves to be ChnJlians, furtlicr pray- ^' 
 ing his Majellies advice in that atiair .■ hereujxm he gave command, that '• 
 no inquifition ihould be made after the Chriflians, thougliif any of ihtm /.: 
 oflcrcd themfelves. Execution Ihould be done upon tliem. So that the 
 fire which had hitherto flamed and burnt our, began now to be extin- 
 guilhed, and only crep'c up and down in private corners. There arc 
 that (cj tell us that Trajan having heard a full account of /^wj//m and his'f^^'"^ ,Y 
 fufferings, and how undaunted!) he had undergone that bitter death ApudXoie:er. 
 repented of what he had done, and was panicularly moved to mitigate f'°°^- 
 and relax the Pcrfecution .- whereby, as Mct^iphrajiei obfervesj not 
 only iTHJtJM his Life, but his very death became ^>j^tav sr^^ui^ dyx- 
 ^ii the Procurer of great Peace and Profperity, and the glory and efla- 
 blithment of the Chrillian Faitli. Some not improbably conceive, tlut 
 the fe\ ere judgements which hapncd not long after, might have a pecu- 
 liar inlluence to dif[X)fe the Emjxirors mind to more lendernefs and pity 
 for the remainder of his life. For during his abode at .■intinl.\ there 
 were dreadful and unufual (^) tartiiquakes, fatal to other places, hwt [d) Dm. c^lT. 
 which tell mofl hea\ y u}X)n AhiimI'., at that time fell more than ordi- S'-^,'*J^''^^' 
 nary with a \al\ Army and confluence of people from all parts of the Mf.Trjyf.z"'? 
 World. Among thoufands that died, and lar greater numbers that w ere ~s°' 251 
 maimed and wounded, Fir^o the Conjul loft his life, and Tim.w liirafeif/',^',5,',7. 
 had henotcfcaped out at a window, had undergone the fame fate. Ac- ' ' 
 
 cidents which I doubt not prepared his mind to a more ferious confide- 
 ration and regard of things. Thougli thefe calamities hapned not till 
 fome years alter litutiiu his death. 
 
 XI. WHETHER thefe judgments were immediate inflanccs of 
 the divine difpleafure for the Icverit)' ufcd againfl the Chri!lf4ns, and 
 particularly tor their cruelty to A^;;.;/ </..•, I will not fay. Certain it is, 
 that the C.lirillian Church had a mighty lofs in fo ufel^ii and excellent a 
 fx.rfon. For Ik: was a good man, one in whofc brcaft ihc truelpirit of 
 Religion did eminently dwell, a man ofver)- ; ' ■ ' titled 
 
 at}e.^lons, in which (enfe he doubtlefs intende^ ; ,..: . ig, lo 
 
 much alcbrated by the Ancients, O F.MOIi LPHi: EiTAI riMAl, 
 
 P :. my
 
 io8 The Life ofS. Ignatius. 
 
 nty Love isCruciped^ that is, ( for to that purpofe he explains it in the \ c- 
 ry words that tbllow ) his appetites and defires were crucified to the 
 
 ^Uull'!\lT' ^^°^'^' ^"^ ^'^ ^^^ '^"^^ ^"^ pleafures of it. We may with (j) S. chnjc- 
 ftom confider him in a threefold capacity, as an Apcjlk, a ni[hcp^ and a 
 Martyr. As an Jpojile (in the larger acception of the word, he being 
 (b)^ Men.Gr,tc. Sr^vMv Sia.h^@^ t^/S ' hiro'^iXuv, zs the {b) Greek Offices flile him, // e nn- 
 T« y.\ n M- yfig^iate Succed'or cf the Apoflles in their See) he was careful to diffufe and 
 ^^^ ^' propagate the genuine Doctrine which he had received of the Apollles, 
 
 and took a kind of Oecumenical care of all Churches; even in his 
 (f)HJ:<:./ur.36. pallage to /?<?wf he furvcyed -TOs y^ xoAie Trapoma'^ zsU) Eujel J us tcWs 
 f.io6. yj^ the Diocefies, or Churches, that belonged to all the Cities whither 
 he came, confirmiilg them by his Sermons and Exhortaticns, and direft- 
 ing Epiftles tofeveral of the principles for their further order and efla- 
 bliihment in the Faith. As a Bijhcp, he was a diligent, faithful and in- 
 duftrious Paftcf, infinitely careful of his charge ; w hich though fo ex- 
 ceedingly vaft and numerous, he prudently inflru£led, governed, and 
 fupcrintended, and that in the midft of ticklifh and troublefome times, 
 above forty years together. He had a true and unchangeable love lor 
 his People, and when raviflicd from them in order to his Martyrdom, 
 (i) Ef.ad.Eph. there was not any Church to whom he (d) wrote,but he particularly beg- 
 ^'^i"^^¥^{' S^'^ ^^^^^^ prayers to God for his Church at Anticch^ ana of fome of them 
 /><*». /'.'2e.'^<t<idefired that they would fend ^oTrfic&^Tluj. a divine Embaflador thi- 
 Rfm.f.i%.adx.\\ct on purpofe to comfort them, and to congratulate their happy deli- 
 \i'.'^tmyrn. vcraiicc from the Perfecution. And becaufe he knew that the profpe- 
 f. 37. rity of the Church and the good of Souls were no lefs undermined by 
 
 Herefie from within, than aliaulted by Violence and Perfecution irom 
 without, he had a pecuUar eye to that, and took all occafions of warn- 
 ing the Church to be ware of Hereticks and Seducers, tu, ^eja '^ aVBpw- 
 (e) Epift. ad. '^fJ3f<^^-> ^3 he ftilcs {e) them.thofe Beafls in the lliape of men,whofe willd 
 Smyrn.f.-3,i,.^ notions and brutifli manners began even then to embafe Religion, and 
 EufebMbijufr. corrupt the fimpUcity of the Faith. Indeed he duly filled up all the 
 meafures of a wife Governor, and an excellent Guide of Souls, and 
 (f)Vbifufr. St. Chryfoflom runs through the particular characters of the Bifhop deli- 
 ;. 500, iSc. seated by St. Paul^ and finds them all accomplilhed and made good in 
 (g) ibid.f^z^. him ; with fo generous a care (/ays he) (g) fo exaft a diligence did he pre- 
 fide over the flock of Chrift, even to the making good what our Lord 
 defcribes, ^Js fjAy.'^v o^v >^ xarora -f ^ffjcoTm;, as the utmoil pitch and 
 line of Epifcopal Fidelity, to /ay down his Life for the Sheep; and this he 
 did with all courage and fortitude ; which is the lafl confideration we fhall 
 remarque concerning him. 
 
 XII. AS a Martyr he gave the highefl teftimony to his fidelity, and to 
 
 the truth of that Religion which he both preached and pra£f ilcd. He 
 
 gloried in his fufftrings as his honour and his privilege , and looked 
 
 (h)Ep.adEph.^pon chains, ^k Trvilf^ocJtxk i^pyxPATct', he calls (h) them, as his Jewels 
 
 f. 6. and his Ornaments .- he was raifed above either the love or fear of the 
 
 (;) Loc.laudat. P^fent flate, and could with as much eafe and freedom ( fays (;) Chryjo- 
 
 Jhm ) lay down his life, as another man could put off his cloaths. The 
 
 truth is, his foul was flrangely inflamed with a defire of Martyrdom, he 
 
 w ifhed every flep of his Journey to meet with the wild Beafts that were 
 
 {k]Ep.ad Rem. prepared for him, and tells the ( /• ) Bomans^hc defired nothing mere chan 
 
 f-.^h^/f'"'- they might prefcntly do his work, that he would invite and cr.'r: them 
 
 iije . '"^- "'• fp^.^^^^ii[y J.Q devour him, and if he found tiiem backward, as they had 
 
 \ been
 
 T/;r Life of .S. 1 g n a i i u s. 
 
 109 
 
 been towards others, he would provoke and force them. And tliough 
 the death he was to undergo was moll lavage and barbarous, and drcf- 
 fcd u[) in the moll horrid and triglirtul lliapcs, enough to ftartle the firm- 
 cft relolution, yet could jhey make no impreilion c^ t T^fixv x. a/ii- 
 fj^^tv:.v N{-vy^,(as the (.j! Greeks fay of him J n\y:>n his impregnable ada- W AfrnCr^c. 
 mantinemind, any more than thedalhesofaWave uponaKock ofMar-'/'/"^''- 
 hk.Let the fire i faid he * ).W the Crajs^jnr/ the .ijjjulti of ivild Bcijis^thc i{w,"p.2^(3 
 IrejkiHg vf LotteSy cutting cj limli^ hjtteriNg the whole hody in pieccs^yea and "F H"/'^- ni't 
 all the torment i which the Dez/l t j« itnent come upon me, jo I mjy hut attatn^"^' 
 to he with Jejus Chrtjt ; profclling he tliought it much better to die for 
 Chrin, than to live and reign tlicfole Monarch of tlie World. Fxpref- 
 fions certainly oi a mighty Zeal, and a du uie Pallion wound up to its 
 highefl note. And yet atter all, this excellent perfon was humble to 
 the Io\vefl ftcpof abafure .• he ott(^)profe(Ics that he looked upon himfeif^^j ^^'^- '^ 
 as ^n Abortive, and the very leaftot the Faitliful in the whole Church o\ il.,'„^p2/^ 
 Anticch, and though it was his utmoll ambition, yet he did nut know t:fij}. AdTrAii. 
 whether he was worthy to fufier for Religion. I might m the lad place ''*''■ 
 enter into a difcourfe concerning his F.pijllci ( the true Indices of the 
 piety and divine temper of his mind,) thofe feven I mean, enumera- 
 ted and quoted by Eujehiui, and colluifed by -St. A/vt-jr/-, as(c) himfelffc) £«,7?. p^/. 
 exprclly teftifics ; but fliall forbear, defpairing to offer any thmg confide-/- 23- tdn. 
 rable atter fo much as has been faid by learned men about them : only ob- rVi ¥*f' 
 lervmg, that m the exceptions to the argument trom .St. I olycarps te(b-f. ic8. 
 mony, little more is faid even by thofe who have managed it to the bed 
 advantage, than what might be urged againft the mofl genuine writing m 
 the world. I add St. Volnarps character of thefc EpilHes, whereby he 
 recommends them as highly ufeful and advantagious, that thej centum m 
 them Injlrudions and Exhortations to Faith and Fatience^ and whatever is 
 necejfary to build us up in the Religion of our Lord and Saviour. 
 
 His 
 
 Writings, 
 
 Genuine 
 
 
 Spurious. 
 
 Ad Ephefios Epijlola. 
 
 I. 
 
 Ad Mariam Cajfobolitam. I 
 
 Ad Magnefunos. 
 
 I. 
 
 Ad Tarfenjcs. I. 
 
 Ad TraSianos. 
 
 I. 
 
 Ad Antiochenos. I 
 
 Ad Romanos. 
 
 I. 
 
 Ad Philippenfes. I 
 
 Ad Fhtladelphenos. 
 
 I. 
 
 Ad I leronem. f 
 
 Ad Smyrnitos. 
 
 I. 
 
 Ad B. I 'irg. Alariam. I 
 
 Doubtful. 
 
 
 Ad Joannem Apodolum. fl 
 
 Epijlola ad Folycarpum. 
 
 
 
 TIk &r/ 0/ 5. I G N a T I U S s Ufe. 
 
 THE
 
 4 
 .7 
 
 J 
 
 .n
 
 Ill 
 
 THE LIFE OP 
 
 S. POLYCARP 
 
 BISHOl' of SMTKNA. 
 
 The Thee of his tfativrty. The honour and emineHcy ofSmytm. I lis eJu- 
 cation under S. John. By htm confittuteii Bijhop 0/ Smyrna. Whethr 
 the fame with the Bijhop to whom S. John cottmittcd the yoi^ng man. 
 
 S. Po-
 
 n 
 
 The Life of S. P o l y c a r p. 
 
 5. Poly carp the Angel rf the Church /?/ Smyrna wentioned in the Apoca- 
 lyps. Ignatius his arrival at Smyrna. His Letters to that Churchy and 
 to S. Polycarp. His Journey to Rome about the Quartodeciman Con- 
 trozcrjie. 7 he tnr.e of it emjuired into. Anicetus his Jtaxefton to the 
 See of Rome. His reception there Ij Anicetus. Their mutual kindnefs 
 7iotmthJlanding the difference. His (lout oppojjng Heretics at Rome. 
 His (harp treatment o/Marcion, and mighty zeal againji thofe early cor- 
 rupters of the ChriftiaH Doctrine. Irenarus his particular rernarques of 
 S. Polycarp'j aftiofts. The Perjecution under M. Antoninus. The time 
 of PolycarpV Martyrdom noted. The acts of it written by the Church 
 (/Smyrna: their great efleem and value. S. Volyczrp fought for. His 
 Martyrdom foretold by a dream. H/s apprehenfwn^ andheingcondutted to 
 Smyrna. Irenarchar, who. PolycarpV rude treatment by Herodes. His 
 being brought before tbe Proccvfid. Chriflians refufed to Jivear by the Em- 
 perours genius, ayid vchy. His pious and refolute anjuers. His flight- 
 ing the Proconfuls threatnings. His fentence proclaimed. Afiarchce, 
 %vho. Preparation for his burning. His Prayer before his death. Mi- 
 raculoufly preferved in the fire. Difpatched with a Sword. The care of 
 the Chrijtians about his remains : this far from a Superflitious veneration. 
 Tlmr annual meeting at the place cf his Martyrdom. His great Age at his 
 death. The day of his Paffwn. His Tomb how honoured at this day. The 
 Judgements hapning to Smyrna .fter his death. The faith and Patience 
 of the primitive Chrifli.ws noted out of the Preface to the Afts (f his 
 Martyrdom. Idis Epiftle to the Philippians. Its ufcfulnefs. Highly va- 
 lued and publicly read in the ancient Church. The Epiftle it felf. 
 
 I. 
 
 POLTCARP was born towards the latter end of 
 Afro's Reign,or it may be a littel fooner, his great 
 Age at the time of his death, with fome other 
 circumflances rendring it highly probable, if 
 not certain. Uncertain it is where he was born, 
 and I fee no fufficient reafon to the contrary, 
 why we may not fix his Nativity at Smyrna, an 
 eminent City of Ionia in the lefTer Afia, the firft 
 of the feven that entred their claim of being 
 (a) strah. Geo- the birth-placc of the famous (a) Homer, in memory whereof they had a 
 gr.rpL. I. i^.f. Library, and a four-fquare Portico, called Homer eum, with a Temple and 
 ^'^^' the Statue of Homer adjoyning to it, and ufed a fort of brafs Coin, which 
 
 they called "Of-tM^aor, after his name, and probably with his Image ftampt 
 upon it. A place it was of great honour and 
 renown, and has not only very magnificent ti- 
 tles heaped upon it by the Writers ot thofe Times, 
 but in feveral ancient Infcriptions, fet up by the 
 public Order of the Senate, not long after the 
 time of Adrian, it is (tiled, He chief City of Afia, 
 both for beauty and grealnefs, the moft fplendid, the 
 
 , . • ^ „ _ 7 Metropolis of Afta, and the Ornament of Ionia. But 
 
 Marmar. Oxon. II. p. 47. Eadem ■ t I r -^ ■' j t 11 n-- 
 
 habet Marm. LXXVIII p- ^^^- '^ ''^"^ ^ ^f greater and more honourable Pnvi- 
 
 CXLIII. p. 277. Attend. \V..f. lege to glory in, if it was_(as we luppofe) the 
 
 296. place of St. Polycarp s'^ditWi'cy , however of his 
 
 Education, the feat of his Epifcopal care and 
 (^)-rn Ky'. 'fi clmsfi, and the Scene of his Tragedy and Martyrdom. The Cb) Greeks 
 
 y.nvT /iiC^vof ^ ^ ° ■' •' in 
 
 H KPATISTH EOT AH 
 
 TH2 nPP-THS TH2 A2IA2 
 
 KAAAEI KAI MErE0EI KAI 
 
 AAMnPOTATHS KAI MHTPO 
 
 nOAEnS TH2 A2IA2 
 
 KAI K O 2 M O T 
 
 T H 2 I fi N I A 2 2 M T P N A I 
 
 flN nOAEfi2.
 
 7 he Lijc of S. i^ o L)[ c A K t. 113 
 
 in their MfnicoM. r(;|>ort that he Nsas educated at the charge of a certain 
 noble Matron (^whole name ue arc told \vasCj////M a woman ot great 
 Piety and C harity, nvIio w hen ihe had exliaufled all her (Jranariesin re- 
 lieving tiie Poor, had them fuddenly filled again by >S. I'o/icjr/^\ [)ra)ers. 
 The circumllances whereof are more paniculaily related by J'/o»/us 
 (who fufTered, if, u hicii I mucli quellion, it w as the fame urider the Dc- 
 c}.in Pcrfecution"" to this (j) el?e«ih C.illillo warned by an Angel in a dream ^^^p^^'^'' ^ 
 fcnt and redeemed Fvlujrp then but a child) of ibmeuho fold him ^ m Cr^:apuJ 
 brought him home, tot)k core ol his education, and finding him a Youth BoiImiJ. j.i- 
 of ri|H; and pregnant parts, as he grew up, made him the Major-ticmo and ""'"' ^ '' 
 Steward of her houfc ; whofe charity it feems hedilj>cnced with a very 
 liberal hand, mfomucli that during her abfence, lie had emptied all her 
 Barns and Storc-houfes to the ulcs of tlie Poor. For which being char- 
 ged by ills Fellow-Servants at her return, ihe notknowmgthen to what 
 purpofe he had imployed them, called for the Keys, and commanded 
 him to refign his trufi, which w as no fooncr done, but at her entrance 
 in, Ihe found all ji!aces full, and in as good condition as flic had left 
 them, which his pra\ers and intcrcciiion with Heaven had again replc- 
 ni'hed. As indeed He*aven can be I'omeiimes content rather to work a 
 Miracle, thenClunty Ihall fuller and fare the woric for its kindnefs and 
 bounty. In liis younger years he is faidtohavc been inllru(f}ed in the. ^ . « 
 C~hriftian Faitli I y H-ucIuiy w Iioin the liime t/) Menxon eUewhere informs ,t^ji ^^ 
 us S.Joln had confecrated Bilhop of Stmrna ; however (c) Authors of(c} ^d.igwu. 
 more unqueQionable credit and ancient date tell us, that he was S. John'sf^^""^^-jf 
 Difciple, and not his only, hut ^s{d ) Irenaciu^ who was his Scholar ^fol- tl^lEufeb. 
 lowed herein by S. Hicnm^ allures us, he was taught by the Apoflles, x«K.Aor?-8'' 
 and familiarly converted with many w h.) had feen our Lord in the Flelh. il^t^f^-l^, 
 \\. BVCO LV S the vigilant and induftrious Biihop of Smyrna being (Imp-Ei/J. i. 
 dead, (by whom S.Folycarp was, aswc arcCf) told, made Dejccn ando-ff '*^■'^^• 
 /^c/7//'ot that ( hurch, an Ofh'ce which he difcharged with great dili- iVJ/T/i/^r."* 
 gencc and fuccels, 1 J Jycjrp was ordained in his room, according to Bu- 
 coltis his own predi "lion, who as the /)G>ff^j report, had in his 'itc time FeL.ut!'/uI-'. 
 foretold tint he ihould be his Succeilor. He was conOituted by \ Jo/ p , (£) Tertuii.di 
 fa) s, the (^) .Ancients generally ; though [h ' IreniCus followed herein by the ^Jf^ic"!'-^^ 
 (/) Chruniileoi .iks^Mfliij^ affirms it to have been done by t\\Q Ap^jtles ., 21-:^. luer'an. 
 whether any of the Apoflles lx:fidesS.7p/'« were then alive, or whether ^^'7"^ '"'"* 
 lie means .-//>fl/?('//c- |K'rlbns (commonly flilcd Apoflles in the Writings of nD'ALfcTfTpT 
 the Church; who joined with S.John in tiie conlecration. (i:) fujc/^/iu NicephjiEnf. 
 fays, that Frlycjrp was familiarly converfant with the A[x)ftles, and re- 'j^^')^^'^^ 
 ccivcd the Government of the Church oi Smyrna from thole wlio had ^^267^71/71. 
 been E\e-nitHeJfts jnrt Mtinjlen cf our Lord. It makes not a little for^^^ ^-^•/''^* 
 the honour of S. /Wnjrp, and argues his mighty diligence and folicitude "'"^w 
 for the good of fouls, that (as we Ihall note more anon) Jgtijtius palling ^(^>>>^iy_'- 
 to his Martyrdom, wrote to him, and particularly recommended to him ^"2'^ ''^'"^ 
 the infpe:1ion and ovcrfight of Ii;s Church at Antioch , knowing \\\m(iOHEccii.^ 
 (fays , / E:iJcl;iH^ to be truly an .Apoftolical man, and being allured that '-^^f '*^- 
 he would ufe liis utmoft care and fidelity in that matter. The (/w) Author \m) Jj'°ilim. 
 of the AlexjHdruM Chronicle tells us, that it was the Bilhop oi Sm\rnj ' Ojmpud. 
 (who could not well be anv other thin S. rdujrp , to whom S. yol-M^^.^^,,'"' 
 commited tiie tutorage and education ot the young man, whom lie took rr^/ 4/ 59^ 
 up in his Vifitation, who ran away, and became Captain of a (xjmpiny 
 ofloofe and debauched High-way men, and was afterwards reduced 
 
 Q_ and
 
 1 14 J/je Life of 5. P o l y c a r p. 
 
 and reclaimed by that Apoflle. But feeing rAvw^wy Alexatidrinus^ who 
 relates the Story, lets down neither the name ofthe Bilhop, nor the City, 
 (a) ^p.Eufeb. though he (jjconlelles there were fome that made mention of it, nor is 
 /.3. c.^■i■p.^l this circumftance taken notice of by any other ancient Writer, nor that 
 Bilhops negleiVing of his charge well confifient witli S. Fo/jcirps care 
 and induftr}', I ihail leave the Story as I find it. Though it cannot be 
 denied but that 5wvr».-» was near to £/'/;f/«y, as S. Clemens fays that City 
 alfo was, and that S. John feems to have had a more than ordinary regard 
 to that C hurch, it being next Epbejiis, the firft of thofe feven famous 
 Jji.ui Churches, to whom he directed his Epiftles, and S. Polycarp at this 
 time Bilhop of it : for that he was that Angel (>} the Church at Smyrna, 
 to whom that Apocalyptical Epifile was fenr, is not only highly pro- 
 (h'fujjer.prok- bable,but by a (a) learned man put pad all queftion. I muft confels that the 
 ^Ep'ilc^Jfo'' character and circumilances afcribed by S. John to the Angel of that 
 Church feem very exaftly to agree with Polycarp, and with no other 
 Bilhop of that Church ^ about thoie times efpecially ) that we read of in 
 the Hiflory of the Church. And whoever compares the account of 
 S. Polycarp's Martyrdom, with the notices and intimations which the 
 Apocalypfi there gives of that perfons fufTerings and death, will find the 
 prophecy and the event fuit together. That which may feem to make 
 molt againft it, is, the long time of his prefidency over that Sec : feeing 
 by tiiis account he muft fit at leaft LXXIV years Bilhop of that Church, 
 from the latter end of Dow/i^/iiw's reign (when the Apocalypswds written) 
 to the Ferfecution under 31. Aurelius^ when he fuffered. To which no 
 other folution needs to be given, than that his great.nay extreme Age at 
 the time of his death renders it not at all improbable ; efpecially when 
 we find feveral Ages after, that Remigius Biihop of Rherr.eSy late LXXIV 
 years Bilhop of that place. 
 
 III. I T was not many years after S. John's death, when the Ferfecution 
 nnder Trcijan began to be reinforced, wherein the E.ijler» parts had 
 a very large Ihare. Am:.Chr.CVl\.Ignatius was condemned by the Empe- 
 rour at Antioch^ and fentenced to be tranfported to Rome in order to his 
 execution. In his voyage thither he put in at Smyrna, to falute and 
 converfe with Folycarp, thefe holy men mutually comforting and en- 
 couraging each other, and conferring together about the affairs of the 
 Church. From 5wvr;,v7, Ignatius and his company failed to Trcas, whence 
 he fent back an Epiftleto the Church o{ Smyrna, wherein he endeavours 
 to fortifie them againft the errours of the Times w hich had crept in 
 amongft them, efjecialiy againft thofe who undermined our Lords hu- 
 manity, and denied his coming in the Flefli,affirming him to have fuffered 
 only in an imaginary and phantaftic body. An opinion, (which as it 
 deferved ) he feverely cenfurcs, and ftrongly refutes. He further pref- 
 {t:s them to a due obfervance and regard of their Bilhop,and thofe fpiri- 
 tual Guides and Minifters which under him were fet over them ; and 
 that they would difpatch a mellengcr on purpofe to the Church of An- 
 tioch, to congratulate that peace and tranquiUity wiiich then began to 
 be reftored to them. Befides this he wrote particularly to S. Polycarp 
 \ whom he knew to be a man of an Apoftolic temper, a perfon of fingular 
 
 faithfulncfs and integrity, recommending to him the care and fuperin- 
 .. .. . tendency of his dilconfolate Church of .^w//£>f/'. In the Epiftle it felf, 
 as extant at this day, there are many Ihort and ufeful rules and precepts 
 of life , efpecially ^licli as concern the Paftoral and Epifcopal OiJicc. 
 
 And
 
 The Life of S. V ol\ c kk v. 1 1 
 
 And licrc again he renews hii rcqucft concerning Amiod'y tjiic a m j.:(.n- 
 gcr might be (Int troin Sihmh.i to tliat Churcii , and that S. yv.',..//) 
 would write to other ( hurclies to do t!ic like ; a thing which he would 
 have done himklf, liad not his hady departure from 7ium prevented 
 him. And more than this, we find not concerning }'«/\\jrp lor nuny 
 years after, till Come unhappy dillcrcnccs in the C hurch brought hiin 
 upon the public Stage. 
 
 IV. I T hapiK-ned that the QHarto({eciniaK controverfic about the 
 obfervation of /rj/Zcv began to grow very higli between the /'.tj/er» and 
 If'cJicrH ( hurches, each llanding very Hilly u|wn their own wav, and 
 juftifying tiiemlelves by .Apoflolical practice and tradition. 1 hat this 
 iirc might not break out into a greater tlame, S. Folycurp (a) undertakes a 
 journey to Heme to interpofc with thole who were the main llipjwrts'^;:' ^ "iiMcfl 
 and champions ot thcoppofite party, and gavelile and Ipirit to the con- 4... 14./.. 127. 
 troverfie. Though the exa.t time of his coming hitlar cannot precilely 
 be defined, yet will it in a great meafure depend upon Amcctm his I'uc- 
 ccilion to that See, in \\ hole time he came thither. Now evident it is 
 that almolt all the ancient Catalogues place him U-forc iV/f /•, and next 
 to /V«i, whom he fucceded. This lucceliion ,^) Eiijtbim placos A»>i. Chr. j- j (^y^„ ^^ 
 CLIV. a computation certainly much truer than that of i^jrw//«j, whow/tCLiv. 
 places it in the year CLXVII. and confonantly to this the Chronicle of 
 AUxanHna (r) places S. rol)i.\irp\ coming to A", me, Ann.Chr.ilhWW. Anton. ,.^ j^.. ^^^^ 
 Imp. XXI. Tis true indeed that in two ancient Catalogues of the 13i-r;r. 
 Ihops of Rome., fet down by ^ A) Optatus and (e) S.Augujiine^ AmcetHS is fet , ., , ^ 
 before Pius, and made immediately to fucceed Ih^imts ; by which account ncn.wft.12"/. 
 liemuft be removed filteen years higher, for lb long £«/f/'//o- pofitively 33 
 fays Ftus fate. And mcthinks it fcems to look a little this way, tliat F.ujel/.ts ^/ ^^.^,^i^^ ' 
 having gi\cn an account of tlie tmperour Antoninus Pius his Kcfcript i-o/.75i. 
 in bctiaJt ofthc Cliriftians (granted by him in his third Confulihip, 
 Ann.Cf:/. C\L. or thereabouts immediately adds that t^f) about the time 
 of the things fpoken of Anicetus governed the Church of Rome , and 
 Folycjrp came thither u}X)n tiiis errand ; the late peace and indul- c il!p"i''\^ 
 gcncc granted to thcChri;li.ins probably adminillring both opportunity 
 and encouragement to his journey, liut feeing this Scheme of Tunes 
 contradiiils Ei<Jehi:is his plain and pofitivc account in other places, and 
 that moft ancient Catalogucs,cf|Kcially that ofCg; IreniViis ^nd{h)/ /e^ejippus 
 (who both lived and were at Hone in the time of A>!icetn\ himlelf ) con- W^jM-3C? 
 ilantly place Amcetus next to Pius. I dare not dillurb thisancient and 'J \z(,\'^'^'^ 
 almoft uncontrolled account of things, till I can meet with better cvi- («) w;>. Eu/t '•. 
 dencc fortius matter. Hut when ever it was, over he came to Anketus '^'^^P-'^^ 
 to confer with him about this allair. Which makes me the more won- 
 der at the learned Mo»/ieur ,/) yJois^ who with fo jK-remptory a confi- ^y^ ^,^^ 
 dcncc denies that Fohcjrp came to Rome upon this errand, and that it Enfit.p.t^o. 
 w as not the difference about the Pjfchal folcmnity, but fomc other con- 
 iroverfics tliat brought him thither, w hen as {k > henxm bis expreCs words '\ ) f ? r '"' 
 ^r^yiit' Fujehius rightly reprcfenttlicm; that he came to R:we toconlcr 
 and dilcourfc with AnicetuSy jta Ti^rir^o. t^livi -^ 'nidt^^i^M^i-, '')aitxM An.z 
 
 rej/cn cf.t certain controverhe concernin'i^ tic day v.l-ercryt f • -i" to leOhtu.r'. ' < 
 
 (elehratcd. 'Tis true he :/) fa) s, that they differed a little -a-. . ' tm a^r, ; ' '"• 
 
 alxiutfome other things, but this hindred not, but that the other was the ; 
 main errand and inducement of his Voyage thitlitr: though even al\ 
 that as he adds) there was no great contentioH bct.vcen tlum. 1 . 
 
 >n. 
 
 ^'- 
 
 ).'.
 
 I lo Tijf Life of S.V oLY CARP. 
 
 thofe holy and blcHcd fouls knowing the main and vital parts of Reli- 
 gion, not to Le concerned in Rituals and external Obfer\ a nces, mutually 
 laluted and embraced each orher. They could not indetei lo fatisfie 
 one another, as that either would quit the cuftoms whicli they had 
 obfervcd, but were content Hill to retain their own fentiments, without 
 • violating that cliarity, which was the great and common I aw of their 
 Religion. In toicen ot whereof they communicated together at the Holy 
 Sacrament ; and Amcetus to put the greater honour upon S. Polycarp^ 
 gave him leave to confecrate the Eucharift in his own Church : after 
 which they parted peaceably, each fide though retaining their ancient 
 Rites, yet maintaining the peace and communicn cf the Church. The 
 (,i)Syyi.aPapp. ancient (a) Syncdkon tells us that a Provincial Synod was held at Rome 
 tvu/^^r./.;.3.G? about this matter by Anketm, foiycirp, and ten other Biftiops, where it 
 ConciLTom I. ^^,^5 decreed that E^iJ/er fhould not be kept at the time, nor after the 
 editymvij. Rites and manner of the Jeivs^ but be celebiated a£\'^j rri 'i^oc^oj 3^ ntgja- 
 Aiix-ce/axf, on the eminent and great Lord's day that followed after it. 
 But improbable it is that S. Voljcarf Ihould give his Vote to any fuch 
 determination, when we know that he could not agree with ^w/ce/«j in 
 this controverfie, and that he left Rome w ith the fame judgment and 
 praflice herein, wherewith he came thither. 
 (b)irc.adv. hx- V. DURING his flay 2iX.{b)Rcn:e he mainly fet himfelf to convince gain- 
 ref. /.3 c.s.f fayers, tellifying th.e truth of thofe Doctrines which he hiad received 
 /J^acTa^"" ^"^^"^ ^^^ Apoflles, uhereby he reclaimed many to the Communion of 
 the Church, who had been inl'efted and over-run with errors, efpe- 
 cially the pernicious htrefies of Marcion and Valentinm. And when 
 yi/jrc/c^ meeting him one day accidentally in the ftreet, andillrefenting 
 
 it that he did not falute him, called out to him 
 lO^iJivtx hSt^uv, fxc/.vJ.eii-.-riv.'^ovzu- rdyciirp, onn us ; the good man replied in a juit 
 7-:. T5 \) HpW».. ^■av^.h^o, T j .•.X7« indignation, / on-n thee to Le the firjUorn of Satar. 
 NK^^TavVo'. ■JT'^T??, -m': K'jy>i<; <t», ■■ml- So religioully cautious ( lays lre„ccm ) were the 
 aw, i^<r^i-du.i^fi'f:)K^v cujim^ >l, tibcm- j^poftks, and their followers, not fo much as by 
 jvlf «c. Men. Grscor. ubi fupr. dilcourfe to communicate with any that did adul- 
 
 terate and corrupt the truth; obferving S. Paul's 
 Tit. 3. 9, 10. rule, A man that is an Heretic after thefrfl and Jeccnd adnicvition rejed j 
 kmiving that he that is Juch is perverted^ and Jimeth^ being cridemved of 
 hiwfelf. Indeed S. Fclycarfs pious and devout mind was fermented 
 with a mighty zeal, and abnoi rency of the poyfonous and peflilent prin- 
 ciples, which in thofe times corrupted the fimplicity of the Chriftian 
 Faith, infomuch that when at any time he heard any thing of that na- 
 (c) iren Etill ^^^^-> ^^^ ^^'^^ wont (c) ptcfently to Itop his ears, and cry our, Good Cod, ir- 
 aclFlorm. ap. to what times hafi thou rejerved me, that IJhould hear fi.ch thi?:gs ! imme- 
 Ei<jtkl.^.c.zo. diately avoiding the place where he had heard any fuch difcourfe. And 
 ^'^ ' the lame diflike he manifcfted in all the Epillles, which he wrote cither 
 
 to neighbour-Churches, or particular perfons, warning thcin of errours, 
 and exhorting them to continue ftedlaft in the truth. This zeal againfl 
 Heretics, and efpccially his carriage towards Marcion, we may fuppofe 
 (J) irc>i.i.-i.c.^. he learnt in a gr-^iit meallire fromS. 7&^'^',of whom he was wont to(d) tell, 
 p-2-i^.(^ap. that going into aUathat Ephefw,, and efpying Cenmhus the Herefiarch 
 £/(A ..4.f.i4. j-)j^.^g^ j-^g prefently llarted back. Let us begone Cfaid he to his Compa- 
 nions) lejl the Bath wherein there is Cerinthus the enemy cf the truth, fall 
 upon our he ids. This pafloge ( fays Iremvus ) fome yet a!i\X' heard from 
 S. Polycarfs own mouthy and himfelf no doubt among the reft; for lo 
 , - , he
 
 'Ih' Life ^/ 5 . P o L Y c A R p. 117 
 
 lis u.s(i/)cirfwlicrc, tint in his youth when he Wi^\v\th S.Polycarpi") £/"/?•'«•' 
 c Idler .-///./, he to )k fucli particular notice of thing'^ tliat he per- ""-"'W'- 
 
 he tells 
 in the 
 
 tecHy remembredthe \ery place n\ here he ulctl to fit v\l)ileliedilcour- 
 feJ, his goings out and coming in, the ihaix-'olhis body, and the manner 
 of iiis lite, Im dilcoarfes tothe People, and the account he was wont to 
 give of his familiar convcrle with S. JoI.k^ and others who had feenour 
 Lord, whole fayings he rehcarled, and whatever they had told hun con- 
 cerning our Saviour, concerning his Miracles and Iils Doctrine, which 
 themfclves had cither fecn or heard, agreeing exadlly with the relations 
 of the Sacretl Hillory. All which /nna-in tells us he particularly took 
 notice of, and faithfully treafured them up in his mind, and mack' them 
 part of his conUant meditation. Thefe arc all the material remarks 
 which I find among the Ancients concerning /'o/>fj/-/> durijig the time 
 of his Government of the Church at Sni\rn.i. Indeed there are fcvcral 
 Miracles and particular pallagesof liis life related by the above-mentio- 
 ned /'/f>M/uj, which tend infinitely to exalt the honour of this holy man. 
 But feeing the Author is obfcurc, and that wc can have no rcafonabic 
 fatistacHon who he was, and whence he borrowed his notices and ac- 
 counts ot' tilings, I cliufe rather to fufpend my belief, then to entertain 
 the Reader with thofe ( at beft uncertain ) relations w hich he has gi- 
 ven us. 
 
 VI. I N the reign of .V. Antottittus and L. Terns, began a feverc Per- 
 fecution, (whctiier fourth or fifth, let others enquire > againfl the (hri- 
 ftians, Alehto Billiop oi Sardn, who lived at that time, and dedicated 
 his Apology to the Emperours, making mention of ksuvx yj) r Gaiety J^>- 
 ftoTx X. i^Ttt") ua-TT* {h) fscw rdidi and Decrees which the Emperours had (b)ApuJEufei>. 
 ilTued out through Aftj, by vertue whereof impudent and greedy Infor- ^r-zfi.;.^?. 
 mers fpoiled and vexed the innocent ChriAians. But the llorm increa- 
 fed into a more \iolent tcmpeft about the feventh year of their reign, 
 y/ww. Cir CXXVH when the Emperour Marcus Antoninus defigning an 
 cx|X'dition againfl the (i J Aljrcomjn/, the terrour of whom had fufHciently (c)j,j.Cdtir. in 
 awakened them at Rome, fummoned the Priefts together, and began more ^"- •^'• ^"">n- 
 folcmnly to celebrate their Religious Rites, and no doubt but he was '^■'' ^' '^'' 
 told that there was no better way to propitiate and atone the Gods, then 
 to bear hard upon the Chriftians, generally looked upon as the mod ojien 
 and hateful enemies to tlieir Gods. And now it was that S. /^i/yur/* af- 
 ter a long and diligent difcharge of his duty in liis Epifcopal ftarion re- 
 ceived his Crown. So vaOlv \s ideof the mark are the later (</^ Greeks, (J)MfiGrsc. 
 making him in their public Offices to fuffcr Martyrdom under the Deci.iM yj^ ' ^ 
 Perfecution. Nor much nearer is that of (f) Socrates ^ however he fell (r^H.EccU.^. 
 into the crrour) who tells us that he was martyred under Gordjjmis: f-22f 2S4- 
 Miflakcs fo extravagant, that there needs no more to confute them, than 
 to mention them. C^oncerning his Sufferings and Martyrdom we have 
 a full and particular relation in a Letter of the Church of i'>w)r»j, writ- 
 ten not long after his death to the Church of Vhilomelum ( or more 
 truly rhil.iflelphi,!^ and in the nature of an Fncydical Epiftle, to all the 
 DiocefcsT'TOet'-'wa of the Holy Catholick Church ; the far greatcrt part 
 whcTCof Fufel/ns hasinlcrted into his Hiflory, leaving out only thcbc- 
 pining and the end, though the entire Epiflle together u ith its ancient 
 Vcrfion, or rather Paraphrafe, is fince publilhed by Bilhop Z/Jher. It 
 was penned by Euarijius^ and afteru ards ( as apjxars by their fcveral 
 fubfcriptions at tiic end of it ) tranfcribed out ot IrtKXus his Copy by 
 
 Cams.
 
 1 1 8 The Life of S,V oly c ak? 
 
 Caius, contemporary and familiar with Irenaus^ out of his by one Sc- 
 crates at Corinth, and from his by Picn/us, who had with great diligence 
 found it out. A piece it is that challenges a fingular eflccm and reve- 
 rence both for the fubjeft matter and the antiquity of it, with which 
 (a) Animadv. (d)Scaliger thinks every ferious and devout mind mufl needs be fo aficd] cd, 
 adEufib. JJ5 never fo think it has enough on't : profefl'irg for his own ]ait that 
 MMCLXXX- he never met with any thing in all the HiOory of the Churcli , with 
 HI,/'. 221. tlic reading whereof he was more tranfported, fo that he feemcd no 
 longer to be liimfelf. Which e(Te£t that it may ha\c upon the pious 
 well-difpofed Reader , we fliall prefent him with this following ac- 
 count. 
 (b)EfiJi.Ecdef. VII. THE Perfecution growing hot at {h) Smyrna, and many having 
 Smyrn.de already fealcd their confeflion with their bloud, the general out- cry 
 ^ditvn'er^^' ^^^■> ^'^^ ^'^^■' ^^-^ if^P'oi^^y (or thc Athe/Jis, fuch they generally called 
 16.% apud^' and accounted the Chriftians) let Poly carp he fought for. The good man 
 Eu/eb.l.^.c.i 5. ^j,5 not dillurbed at the news, but refolved to endure the brunt : till 
 ^'^ ^^' his friends, knowing his fmgular uiefulnefs, and that our Lord had gi- 
 
 ven leave to his Dilciples, when perfecutedin one City to flee to ano- 
 ther, prevailed with hmi to withdraw into a neighbouring Village, 
 where with a few companions he continued day and night in prayer ^ 
 earneftly interceding with Heaven (as afore-time it had ever been his 
 cuflom; for the peace and tranquillity of all the Churches in the World. 
 Three days before his apprehenflon falling at night as he was at prayer 
 into a trance, he dreamt that his Pillow was on fire, and burned to allies j 
 which when he awakened, he told his friends was a prophetic prefage , 
 that he fhould be burnt alive for the caufe of Chrifl. In the mean time 
 he was every where narrowly fought for,upon notice whereof his friends 
 perfwaded him to retire into another Village, whether he was no foo- 
 ner come but his enemies w ere at hand, w lio feizing upon a couple of 
 youths (one of whom by ftripes they forced to a confeflion, ) were 
 by them conducted to his lodging. Entering the houfe at Evening , 
 they perceived him to be in bed in an upper Room ; and though upon 
 notice before hand of their coming he might eafily have faved himfelf 
 by flipping into another houfe, yet he retufed, faying, The will cf thc 
 Lord he done. Underftanding his Perfecutors were there, he came down 
 and faluted them with a very chearful and gentle countenance ; in lb 
 much that they who had not hitherto know him, wondered to behold 
 fo venerable a perfon, of fo great age, and fo grave and compofed a 
 prefence, and what needed all this ftir to hunt and take this poor old 
 man. He nothing concerned, ordered a Table to be fpread, and Provi- 
 fions to be fet upon it, inviting them to partake of them, and only re- 
 quefting for himfelf, that in the mean while he might have one hour for 
 Prayer. Leave being granted, he rofe up, and betook himfelf to his 
 devotions, wherein he had fuch mighty alfiflances of divine grace, that 
 he continued praying near two hours together, heartily recommending 
 to God the cafe of all his friends and acquaintance, whether great or 
 little, honourable or ignoble, and thc (fate of the Catholic Church 
 throughout the World, all that heard him being aftonilhed at it, and 
 of them now repenting that fo divine and venerable an old man fhould 
 be put to death. 
 
 VIII. H I S prayer being ended, and they ready to depart, he was fet 
 upon an Afs, and ( it being then thc great Sabbath, though what that 
 
 Great
 
 'The Lijc ^/ 5. P o L Y c A K p. 119 
 
 Great SM.ith was, learned men, I believe, w ill hardly agree till the com- 
 ing of Eliiti) condu>:lcd into the City. As they \\erc upn the Koad, 
 they were met by [hnd and his Father N/ctfts^ w jio indeed were the 
 mam Springs of tiie Pcrfecation, and had put the tumult into motion. 
 This //fr^r/ was an Ireturcha one ot thole, ad ijuos tufniix tullica Vacu 
 -vri^iLuitr.! pertincLit ^zs S) S.An^njhn delcribes themjthcir O/rce was mofl , , .- 
 what the fame with that ol'our modern Jujlicarf tie /V.;rr, they \i^^^gc[i.Tzo^cL\. 
 fet to guard the Provmces, and to lecure the public peace and quietnels f 722. vid i. 
 within their feveral Jurildi^T'ions, to prevent and (upprefs Riots and lu- '^•^•■' fV''' 
 mulfi, Kobl>cries and Rapines, and to enquire mto the Companions anti nr,r.i,i.^/ji. 
 Receivers of all fucii perfons , and to tranfmit to the Magillrates rhc ^^'vf,?-'')'^' 
 examuiations and notices which they had received of luch matters. ^^.Ti/."' * 
 They w ere appointed either by the F.mpe-rour himlelf, or tlic Fru^fecli 
 Frxtorio^ or the l)anri<\ ; and at this timetlic cuHom in the Provinces 
 of thcleilcr Aha was, that every City did ) early lend ten of the names 
 of their principal perfons to the Governour of the Province, who chofc 
 out one to be the Irenarchj ^ the Kee}x.r, or Juftice of the Peace. 
 Heing afterwards found grievous and troublefom to the People, they 
 Were taken aw ay by a Law of the ) ounger (c) Tf.eod'fius^ though tlic Ot- (c)c.if>.l.mif. 
 ficc rcmiined under another name. This Office at Smyrna was at tills time ^"•'■»- ^' '^'- 
 managed by this IIcrpH^ whom {fi) Raromia conjc:f ures to be (<■) /^erodes T'n'l^j ^„„ 
 Atticu^^ a man of Confular dignity, and of great learning and eloquence, clx x. «. ^. 
 and who had been Tutor to theprefent tmpcrour. ( ertain it is that C') '^•C'i/.'ioft. 
 that //fro// governed in the free Cities of(/) Afia^ and rcfided fometimes j. ciip,tjnvu. 
 at Smyrna : though it cramps the conjeif ure, that the name of that ^-^'"""'f 3- 
 J/ero(fs Father was Atricus,oi' tliis N/cefes, unlefs we will fuppofe him to \\\lh\uiir d» 
 have had two names. But whoever he be, a great enemy he was to virSophi.ti. 2. 
 folycarp, wiiom meeting upon the way, he took him up into his Chariot, 'J' ^l"^\ f- '^ 
 where both he and his Fatiier by iilaufiblc infinuarions fought to un- pticmoti.piii. 
 dcrminc hisconflancy, askinghim what gie-at harm there was in faying 
 Mv Lord the Emperour^ and in facrificing, by wjiich means he might 
 cfcape. This was an ufal way of attempting tiie Chrillians; not that 
 they made any fcruple to acknowledge the Umpcrour to Le their Lord^ 
 (none were fo forw ard, fo earned to pay all due ful jeelion and reve- 
 rence to Princes ") but becaufe they knew that the Romans , too apt to 
 flaner the ambition of tiieir Emperours into a fondly ufurpt Divinity, 
 by tliat title ufually undcrflood God, as (^ Tertu/Ii.ui tells them ; in any W -^/"''S f 34 
 other notion of the w ord they could as freely as any call him /.(/y/,! hough, ^" ^ * 
 as he adds, even (/'j Augujfus himfelf inodeftly forbad that title to be (''^ ^^-^ ^«^"»'' 
 afcribcd tohim. '«v,f.w,g.c. 
 
 IX. S. /'() [,Tc A R P returned no anfwcr to their demand, till im- 
 portunately urging him, he replied, that he w ould not at any rate com- 
 ply with their pcrfuafions. Fruflrated of the ends which they had 
 upon him, they now lay afide the /'/zor of their diflembled freindfhip, ' 
 
 and turn their kindnefs into fcorn and reproaches, thruOing him out of 
 the Chariot with fo much violence, that he bruifed his thigh with the 
 fill!. Whereat nothing daunted, as if he had received no hurt, he chear- 
 fully haftned onto tiie place of his execution under the condu:l of his 
 Guard ; whither when they were come, and a confufed noife and tumult 
 was arifen, a voice came from Heaven (heard by many, but none (cen 
 wlio fpake it, ) faying, Po/ycarple Hrcng , and (juit th Jelf like a man. 
 Immediately he was brought before the public Tribunal, w Iicre a great 
 
 ihout
 
 I 20 Ihc Life of S.V OLYCAR?. 
 
 Ihout was made, all rejoicing that he was apprehended. The F/occk- 
 
 *Om.Sacr.^ f,il > w holc name was L. St^uihs Qji.idnitus^ilus \try year,as * Arijli- 
 
 ^/f J the Orator who lived at this time at Smyma informs us, thciVcco;;- 
 
 fuloi Afujy (^as not long before he had been Cok/uI zt Mome, ) asked liim 
 
 whether he was /V/yc/^yO? which being confciTcd, he began to perluade 
 
 him to recant ; HegarJ, laid he, rbygrer,t age, /wear hy the ge mis ij Ctcjar, 
 
 repent, and Jay with us, take away the impious. Thefe were a aiMtj^-n do- 
 
 TT/c, as my Authors truly obierve, their ufual terms and propofals to 
 
 Chriftians, whofloutly refufcd to fwear by the Empeiours gO/vw ; upon 
 
 which account the Heathens generally traduced them as Traitors and 
 
 Enemies to the State, though to wipe off that charge, they openly prc- 
 
 WT^r^/};o/.c. fefledf^) that though they could not fwear hy the furtune of tlie Empe- 
 
 32./.28.0n^ rour, (their genii being accounted deities, whom the Chrifiians knew to 
 
 comr.cel/i.'i. j^g ^^yf. fi^yn^fjs, and calt out at every turn yet they fcrupled not to 
 
 ^^^^' fwear by the Empcrours /-j/f/j, a thing more auguft and facred, than all 
 
 the genii in the World. 
 
 X. T H E Holy Martyr looking about the 5i'^^/«»7, and with a fevere 
 and angry countenance, beholding the croud, beckned to them with 
 his hand, fighed and looked up to Heaven, faying, (though quite in 
 another fenle than they intended Take away the impious. The Procrn- 
 Jul flill perfuaded him to fwear, with promife to relcafe him, witlial 
 urging him to blafpheme Chrift j lor with that temptation they were 
 wont to alTault Chrifiians, and thereby to try the fincerity of their Re- 
 (b) Etift ad "^g^^f^'h a courle which (h) Tliny tells us he obfcrved towards Apoftate 
 TLjM.imp.Ef. Chrifiians, though he withal confcdes, that none of them that were 
 97./-IO. really C hriflians could ever be brought to it. The motion was relen- 
 ted with a noble fcorn, and drew from Polycarp this generous confefFion, 
 Four/core and fix years I have jerved him, and he never did me any harm^ 
 how then fhall I m w blafpheme my King and my Saviour ? But nothing will 
 fatisfie a malicious mifguided Zeal : the Froconful ftill importuned him 
 to fwear by Cafars genius ; to whom he replied. Since you are jo vainly 
 ambitious that I Jhould fwear by the Emperours genius, as you call it, as if you 
 knew not who I am, hear my free confejfwn, I am a Chrijlian. If you have 
 a mind to learn the Chrijlian Religion, appoint me a time, and He injlrud 
 youtnit. The Proconjd advifed him to perfuade the People ; he an- 
 fwered. To you I rather chuje to addrejs my dijcourje ; for we are com- 
 manded by the Laws (f our Religion to give to Princes and the Powers or- 
 ■ . , dained oj God, all that due honour and reverence, that is not prejudicial 
 " and contrary to the precepts of Religion. As for them (^mtzx\\r\^ the. com- 
 mon Herd) / thinl them not competent Judges, to ivhom J Jhould apologize, 
 , ■ or give an account of my Faith. 
 
 . XI. T H E Proconful now faw 'twas in vain to ufe any further per- 
 fuafives and intreaties, and therefore betook himfelf to feverer Argu- 
 ments : I have wildBeaJls at hand i^faid he) to ivhich Ik cajl thee, unlcjs 
 thou recant. Call for them (cnedthcMznyr) for ive are immutably refolved 
 not to change the better for the worj'e, accounting it ft and comely only to 
 turn from Vice to Vertue. Since thou makeft fo light of wild Bcafts (ad- 
 ded the ProconJuT) I have a Fire that Ihall tame thee, unlefs thou repent. 
 Thou threat nejl me with a Fire (anfwered Polycarp) that burns for an hour^ 
 and IS prefently estintl, but art ignorant alas of the Fire of eternal damna- 
 tion and the judgment to come, re Jerved for the wicked in the other World. 
 But why delay ejt thou t bring forth what ever thou hajl a mind to. This 
 
 and
 
 'ihe Life of S. P o l y c a r f. 121 
 
 and much more he fpakc with a plcafant andchcarf'ul confidence, and a 
 
 divinj grace was confjncuoub m his very looks, fo lar was lie troin 
 
 cowardly linking under the great threatnings niadeagainfl him. Yea 
 
 rhc rroccHJul hiniclt was adoiulhcd at it, thougli (induig no good could 
 
 be done up)n him, he commanded the Ovrrin tlie middle ot tnc Stadium 
 
 tlirice to make open Troclamation ( as was the manner ot the Homjns m 
 
 all Capital'lrials ) }'olyi.jrp h.is conjcfJ^-J hmjclf a Chr/Jlun. Whereat 
 
 the whole multitude both oi' Jens and (Jr»tiles tha't were prefent ( and 
 
 probable it is that the Tn Ksusr r 'A<xia<, the Comnton-Cou)ii:il^ or Ajjemblj 
 
 ij Alu^ might about this timtfbc lield at Smyrna tor the celebration of 
 
 their common Shews and S|K)rts ; tor that it was fomctimes held here is 
 
 evident from an ancient * Inscription making mention ot it, ) gave a • — smtp- 
 
 niighty Ihouf, eying outalojd, J his is the g^nat Dotlor of JJia^ and the ^-^^^ *^^^- 
 
 tather of the Chriliiaus; this uthe dejlroyer oj our godiy that teaches men as Alow'' 
 
 not to do Sacrjjce^or Worfhip the deities. Ox«;/.IIl.^.79. 
 
 Xn. T H h. cry being a little over, they immediately addrcflcd thcm- 
 felves to Phiiip the JJiarch : thele ia)Ajian.hs w ere Gentile Priells belong- {■>) Vtd. I..6 
 ingto the Commna/ty of /4J{jy yearly chofen at the Common-Councii or l"c„IJ^'-f,'/,[ 
 Aiiembly of .-///j, to the number oF about ten, (whereof one was Frin- Cii^j^cti.i./f 
 cipal ) out of the nanus returned by the fcveral Cities. It was an Office ^'^'f-^"- s- 
 
 ,• , I 1- 1 • 1 1 ,- II ividxiA.dhim 
 
 Ot great honour and credit, but withal ot great expcnce and cliarge, AnjHd. Or<u. 
 they being obliged to entertain the I'eople with Sights and .Sports upon ^•'"- iv. 
 the I- ell ival Solemnities, and therefore it was not conferred but upon the 
 more wealthy and fubftantial Citizens. In this place was Fhtl/p at this 
 time, whom the People clamoroufly rcqucflcd, to let a Lion upon the 
 Malefactor. Which he told them he could not do, , having already ex- 
 liibitcd the tu. V^iu.r\y^ix^ the hunting of wild Bcafts with men, one of 
 the tamous ihews oi the Amphitheatre. Then they unanimoully demand- 
 ed, that he might be burnt alive ; a fate, which he himfelf from the 
 Villon in his Dream had Proplietically tbrctold thould be his portion. 
 The thing was no fooner faid than done, each one flriving to bear a part 
 in tins tataJ Tragedy, with incredible fpeed letching Wood and Faggots 
 from Icveral places, but cfpccially the Jens were peculiarly aifivcm the 
 fcrvicc, malice to C hriflians being almoft as natural to them, as 'tis for 
 the fire to burn. The fire being prepared, St. Fol)i\irp untied his Girdle, 
 laid afide his Garments, and began to putotFhis Sliocs; Miniflerics 
 which he before was not wont to be put to; the Cluillians ambirioufly 
 ftriving to be admitted to do them tor him, and happy he that could 
 firft toucli his Body. So great a reverence even in his younger years had 
 he t'rom all for the admirable (Iridnefs and regularity oi his holy 
 \iic. 
 
 XII. THE Otiicersthat wcreimployed in his Execution having dif- 
 pofed all other things, came according to cuflom to nail him to the 
 Stake; which he dedred them to omit, affuringthcm, that he who gave 
 him lirength to endure the fire, would enable him without nailing to 
 Hand immovable in the hotieft flames. ^ they only tied him, who 
 ftanding like a Sheep ready tor the tlaughter, deligned as a greatful fa- 
 crifice to the .Almighty, clafping his hands which were bound behind 
 him, he jx)urcd out his foul to Heaven in this tbllowing Prayer. Lard 
 God Almt^hty^ the lather ij thy i\-e!I-hcl(n.-ed ard ever-hie\jed Son Jeftu 
 Chrtj}^ 1} wlom wc have rcceixed the knowledge of thee ; the God cj Anfjris, 
 Pollers J and of every creature y and of the whole race of the right eons ^ who 
 
 R Inre
 
 122 The Life of S.V oly c/r 
 
 live before thee* I hiefs thee th.it thou hij/} gracioufly condefcetided to Irhig 
 we to this fiw and bour^ that I may receive a portion in the number of thy 
 holy Martyrs, and drink of Chrifls Cup, for the refi'rreition to eternal life 
 both of foul and body in the incorruptiblenejs of the holy Spirit. Into ivhich 
 m/tnbcr grant I may be received this day, being^ found in thy fight as a fair 
 and acceptable Sacrifice, fuch a one as thou thy felf hafl prepared, that fo thou 
 mayejlaccomplifh what thou, true and faithful God, hajl forefheivn. Where' 
 fore I praife thee for all thy mercies, J blef's thee, I glorifie thee, throng)} the 
 eternal Iligh-Priejl, thy beloved Son Jefus Chrifl; with whom to thy felf and 
 the Holy Ghofi, be glory both now and for ever. Amen. Which lad words he 
 pronounced with a more clear audible voice, and havingdone his Prayer, 
 the Minifters of Execution blew up the fire, which increafing to a mighty 
 flame, behold a wonder ( feen, fay my Authors, by us, who were pur- 
 pofely referved, that we might declare it to others ) the flames difpofng 
 themfelves into the refemblance of an Arch, like the Sails of a Ship 
 
 fwelled with the wind, gently encircled the bo- 
 rhccnicemfi tjuis medio mimitr in igne dy of the Martyr, who flood all the while in 
 
 Emon,(^exnunojerefAr.irerogo.{HAmmas, the rn\A<\ nnr like rmfled flrlli hlir like GnlH nr 
 OMupeat, POLYCARPE, avidas tibifarcere ^}^f miQlt, nOt IIKC roaueo IlCin, DUt IIKC UOlCl Or 
 
 Km aufas Sacru te vioiare face. Silver purified in the Furnacc, his body lending 
 
 Mtllemtem tade.mtilantqi hwc tndef.tvt!iH, forth a delightful frasrancy, which like frankin- 
 
 PrJntanuncmam-a t.bi Jed reddn Olympus, cenfc, or fome Other coltly Ipices, prefented it 
 
 Ig)K qui fcdibiufubjictt ajlra/ua. felf tO OUr fcnfcS. 
 
 r r D TT.ri.n^ <: <!„„u^„; ,„ XIV. HOW blind and incorrigibly obftinate 
 
 Cahojufrafcrtfu h.tc Stracid<e jimnitia : IS unbcliet ! The Infidels Were lo iar from being 
 
 Ecckfidfiic. LI. 6. convinced, that they were rather exafperated by 
 
 LV MEDIO iGKis SVM yESTUAivs. the miracle, commanding a Spearman, one of 
 
 V,d.vjjir.mt.7^. in AH. Pob'c.trp. p.67. thofe who Were wont to difpatch wild Beafts 
 
 when they became outragious, to go near and 
 run him through with a Sword ; which he had no fooner done, but 
 fuch a vaft quantity of blood flowed from the wound, as extinguilhed 
 and put out the fire ; together with which a Dove was feen to fly from 
 the wounds of his body, which fome fuppofe to have been his Soul, 
 cloathed in a viflble ihape at the time of its departure ; though true it is, 
 that this circumftance is not mentioned in Eufebius his account,and proba- 
 bly never was in the Original. Nor did the malice of Satan end here,he 
 knew by the innocent and unblamable courfe of his life, and the glorious 
 confl;ancy of his Martyrdom, that he had certainly attained the Crown of 
 Immortality, and nothing now was left for his fpight to work on, but to 
 deprive them even of the honour of his bones. For many were defirous 
 to have given his body decent and honourable burial, and to have aflem- 
 bled there for the celebration of his memory ; but were prevented by 
 fome who prompted Nicetes the Father of Herod., and Brother to Alee, 
 to advife the Froconful not to befl:ow his body upon the Chrifliaas, lefl; 
 leaving their Crucified Mafl:er, they Ihould henceforth worfliip Folycarpm. 
 A fuggeflion however managed by the Heathens, yet firfl: contrived and 
 prompted by the Jews, who narrowly watched the Chriftians \\hen they 
 v\ouki have have taken away his body from the place of Execution : " Lit- 
 *' tie confideringrthey are the very words of my Authors) how impofiible 
 " itisthatcitlierweihould forfake Chrifl^, who died for the falvationof 
 " the whole World, or tliat we fliould worfliip any other. Him we adore 
 " as the Son of Godj but Martyrs as the Difciples and tollowers of our 
 '■' Lord, wc defervedly love for their eminent kindnefs towaids their 
 
 " own
 
 7bc Life ofS. V o L Y c A R v. J 23 
 
 " own Prince and Ma flcr, wlaofc Companions and tdlow-DifcipIts wc 
 " alio by all means dclirc to be. .So f.ir w crc thole Primitive and Utti-r 
 Ages from that undue and fuix}rnitioiis veneration ol the licliqiits oi 
 Martyrs and dcparceJ Saints',\vnifh .ifrcr-agcsintnxluccdinto the Church ', "" *■ ,■>■■ 
 as cKewJiere \vc liave llievs'ed more .it large. ''"''■ ^^"•'f'^- 
 
 XV. THV. CenturioH lx;ho!diji^ tlie pcrvcrfenefs and obP.inacy of the 
 Jews^ commanded the body to be placed in thcmidll, and in the ufual 
 manner to be burnt to allies; whole bones the (.'hrillians gathered up 
 as a choice and incflimable freafure, and decently interred tiK-m. In 
 which place they refolved, if pollible ( and they prayed God nothing 
 might hinder it ) to meet and celebrate the birth-day ol his Martyrdom, 
 both to do honour to the memory of the departed, and to prepare and 
 encourage others hereafter to give the Ida- tertimony to the 1 aith. Doth 
 which con fiderations gave birth and original to the Metnon,c Martyrun-^ 
 thofe folcmn Anniverlary Commemorations of the Martyrs which ue 
 
 have in another place more fulh lliewed, w ere generally kept in tlie j;,,^ .;,„ . 
 Primitive Church. Thus died this .Apollolical man Ann. dr. CL.W'II. 
 alxiut the hundredth } ear of his .Age; lor thofe eifj.ty Jix years^ which 
 himlcll fpeaks of, wherein he hail Icrved Chrifi, cannot be laid to com- 
 mence from his birth, but from his baptifm or new-birth, at which time 
 we cannot well fuj^pofe him to have been lefs than fixtcen or tucnty 
 years old : Ix'fidcs his converfe with the y\poflles, and confecration by 
 .St. 7o/'», reafonably fuppofc him of fomc competent years, for we cannot 
 think he would ordain a Voutli, or a very young man liilhop, cfpecially 
 of fo great and populous a City. The incomparable (.?) Vnmate from a , 
 paflagc in his Epillle conjectures him to have lived (though not then ^j/o/J'J/l ^z. 
 converted to C hrillianity ) at the time when St.Fju/ wrote his Epiflles ; 
 whicli if fo, mufl: argue him to have been of a greater Age : nor is this 
 any more improbable than what {l) Qua^mfui, the Chriltian .Apologiil, {h)Af.i-jifeb.i. 
 who lived under /Wr/.;^, and dedicated his Apologetic to that Emperor, ^ '^•5 f "*■ 
 reports ; that there were fome of thofe w hom our Lord had healed, and 
 raifed from the dead alive even in his time .• and of Simeon .Succelior to 
 St. 7jwfy in the nilhoprick of yfr/</.7/fw, (c) I/egefippus c\\>vc\]y relates /fjrt,,^y,^, 2 
 that he was an CXX years old, at the time of his Martyrdom. .Sure !/•. 104. 
 am, (jl) Jrourui particularly notes of our .St. Vchc.irp^ that he li\'cd a 
 \'crj' longtime, and was arri\ed to an exceeding great age,when he under- {^'>^'^''-'-ij^'*f^ 
 went a mo(\ glorious and illuflrious Martyrdom tor the Kaitli. E;^.*/ 4 c. i*! 
 
 XVI. H E furtcrcd on the fecond of the Moneth .Vjnthiau, the VII /• '27- 
 of the Kalends of y/.;v, though whether millaken for the VII. of the 
 Kalends of .tpril., and lb to be referred to March XXVI. as fome will 
 luvc it, or for the VII. of the Kalends of flljrcl\ and foto be adjudged 
 
 to tclruary XXIII. as others, is difficult to determine. It lliall fulncc 
 to note, that his memory is celebrated by the Greek Church, Idruary 
 the XXIII. by the LatihC^ Junuary the XXVI. The Amphitlntre where 
 he ft'fTered is in a great mcafure yet remaining ( as a latere- pAe-witncfs and (c) t1>. SimtL 
 ddigent fcarchcr into Anti>.]uity informs us ) in tlie two oppofite fides ^-/y'-*''^ "• 
 whereof are the Dens where the I ions were wont to be kept. His « ,5^ 
 Tomb is in a little Chap^x;! in the fide of a Mountain on the Souih-caji 
 part of the City, folcmnly vifited by the Greeka upon his Feflival day; 
 and for the maintenance and reparation whereof, rrivcllcrs were wont 
 to throw in a fVw Ajpcrs into an Earthen Pot iJiat Hands therefor that 
 purpofc. How miferablc the flatc of this City is under the Tarkip^ yoke 
 
 R 1 ' 'at
 
 1 24 The Life of S.V oly c ar?. 
 
 at this day, is without the limits of my biif.ncfs to enquire. To look a 
 
 little higher to the Times we write of, though I Icve net to make levcre 
 
 and ill-natured interpretations of the aflions of Divine Providence, jet 
 
 I cannot but obferve, how heavy the Divine Difpleafure not long alter 
 
 Poljcarfs death fell, as upon other places, fo mere particularly upon this 
 
 (a)xifhil.Efit. C\ty^ by Plague,Fire, and Earthquakes, mentioned by {a) others, but more 
 
 Jntcji."p. 281. ^"^ly delcribtd by Q) y^rijf/c/es their own Orator, wf-o was contemporary 
 
 (b)inOrAt.Mo- \^'itll St. Pclycarp. By which means their City, before one of the GIo- 
 
 "pttJhdeZit ^^^^ ^^^ Ornaments of Afta, was turned into Rubbifli and Allies, their 
 
 So/'/iy/./. 2. ;«fl:ately Houfes overturned, their Temples ruined; one efpecially, which 
 
 Anjtui. f. m. as jj advanced Ajia above other Countries, lb gave Smyryu the honour 
 
 ^^' and precedence above other Cities of Afia; their TraiJick fpoiled, their 
 
 Marts and Ports laid waff, befides the great numbers of People that 
 
 loll their lives. Indeed the fate lb fad, that the Orator was forced to 
 
 give over, profelTing himfelf unable to defcribe it. 
 
 XVII. I cannot better clofe the flory of Fclycarfs Martyrdom, then 
 
 with the Preface w hich the Church of Smyrna has in the beginning of it, 
 
 as what eminently reprefents the illullrious Faith and Patience of thole 
 
 Edtt. vffer. f. Primitive Chriftians, " Evident it is ( fay they ) that all thofe Martyr- 
 
 14. confer Ew « doms are great and blefled, which happen by the will of God ; for it 
 
 f/i2o^'''^^' " becomes us Chriflians, who have a more Divine Religion then others, 
 
 " to afcribe to God the foveraign difpofure of all events. Who would 
 
 " not ftand and admire the generous greatnefs of their mind, their fingu- 
 
 " lar patience, and aomirable love to God ? Who when their £efli w as 
 
 " with fcourges fo torn off their backs, that the whcle frcme and con- 
 
 " texture of their bodies, even to their inmofl Veins and Arteries, might 
 
 " be feen, yet patiently endured it. Tnfomuch that thofe who were 
 
 *' prefent, pitied and grieved at the fght of it, while they themfelves 
 
 *' were endued \\ ith fo invincible a reiolution, that none of them gave 
 
 " one figh or groan : the holy Martyrs of Chrilf letting us fee, that at 
 
 " that time when the) were thus tormented, they were Grangers to their 
 
 " own bodies; or rather that our Lord flood by them to aflift and com- 
 
 " fort them. Animated by the grace of Chrift,they defpifed the torments 
 
 *' of men, by one fliort hour delivering themfelves from eternal mife- 
 
 " ries : The fire which th^-ir Tormentors put to them feemed cool and 
 
 " little, while they had it in tlieir eye, to avoid tJie everlafling and un- 
 
 *' extinguifliable flames of another World ; their thoughts being fixed 
 
 " upon thofe rewards which are prepared for them that endure to the 
 
 *' end, fuch as neither ear hath hear J, nor eye hath Jeen, nor hath it entred 
 
 " into the heart (ftnan ; but w hich were fliewn to them by our Lord, as be- 
 
 *' ing now no longer Mortals, but entering upon the flate of Angels. In 
 
 " like manner thofe who were condemned to be devoured by wild 
 
 ** Beafts, for a long time endured the moft grievous tortures ; Ihells of 
 
 " Fiflies were flrewed under their naked bodies, and they forced to lie 
 
 " upon fharp pointed flakes driven into the ground, and fcveral fuch 
 
 *' like Engines of Torture devifed for them, that (if poffible) by thecon- 
 
 " flancy of their torments, the Enemy might drive them to renounce the 
 
 " Faith of Chrift. Various were the methods of punifhments which the 
 
 " Devil did invent, though blefled be God, there were not many, whom 
 
 " they w ere able to prevail upon. — And at the end of the Epiftle 
 
 VbtfufY.f.i'&.t\\CY particularly remark concerning Fc/yM/-/, that he was not only a 
 
 famous Dedorj but an eminent Martyr, whofe Martyrdom all flrove 
 
 to
 
 Ihr Life of 6'. P o L Y c A R p. 125 
 
 to imitate, as one who by his patience conquered an unrighteous Judge, 
 and by that mtans having attaincti an iinniortalC rown \sas triumphing 
 with the ApoHles, and all the loulsof the righteous, glorifying Gcxl the 
 Father, and praifingof our lord, thcdifpoler ot our bodies,andthe Hi- 
 Ihop and l^altor of the Cathohc ( Iiurcli througliout the World. Nor 
 were the ( hrillians the onl\- Ptrfons that re\erenccd his memory, but 
 the very Gent ties (^as (j) Eujel/m tells us) every where fpokc honourably 
 ot hin>. 
 
 Will. AS for his Writings, bcfides that (^) St.///eror» mentions the W Loc.fnpr. 
 \''olumns of /'j/a/i and Folyciif^ and tlie above-mentioned i c) Piomiu his '("J' \^2i i 
 EpsflUi and Homilies, (//) Irenxus evidently intimates that he wrote feve- ci«. ; "i 94. 
 ral Epiftlcs, of all u liich none are extant at this day, but the Epiftle to the '^°"*; '• , 
 rhiltppuHS^ an Epiftlc peculiarly celebrated by the Ancients, very ufeful '"'^■^^"'.^i'^y 
 fays {/) St. Hierom rmwi ^,vfxa,-«(as (/) .S'«/</.;jand(g) Sovhrontus flilc *97- ubijufr. 
 it ) a mojl cidmralle Epijlle. (Jj) Iremcus gives it this Elogium that it is a muji W^-ffl-^^'''- 
 ferfeil and ahjolute Epijile^ whence they that are careful of their ftlvationjibi^jlfr. ' 
 m.n learn the charjiler cf his Faith, and the truth which he preached. To (')0'Sc,,ft.in 
 which Eufehtiis adds, that in this Epirtle lie makes ufe of fome Quotations ffisul.,„vcc 
 out of tlic/r// Epirtle of St. Peter, An obfcrvationthat holds good witli u^kL^i-s. 
 theEpifllc, as wc have it at this day, there being many places in it cited * ^'>T''^'^,''f- 
 out of the firfl, not one out of the fccond Epiftle. Fhotius pallts thisf wXw^r,;: 
 juft and true judgment of if, that it is full of many admonitions, deli-' 3-f-3Gf-»;. 
 vcred with clearnefs and fimplicity, according to the Ecclefiaflic way ^•^'''g''^'^' '■ 
 and manner of interpretation. It Iccms to hold a great affinity both in 
 llile and fubllance with C/cw<?/;j his Epiftlcto the Corinthians, often fug- 
 gefling the fame rules, and making ufe of the fame words and phrafes, lo 
 that it is not to be doubted, but he had that excellent Epiflle particularly 
 in his eye at the writing of ol" it. Indeed it is a pious and truly Chriftian 
 Epiflle, furnilhed with lliort and ufeful Precepts and Rules ot Lite, and 
 penned with the modefly and fimplicity of the .Apoflolic Times, valued 
 by the Ancients next to the Writings of the Holy Canon; and St.I/ie- 
 rom tells us that even in his time it was read in Ajitc con'entu, m the pub- "^1" /"pr. 
 lie AfTemblies of the j^/ian Churcli. It was firft publillied in Creek by 
 F. //al/oix the Jefuit, Ann. MDCXXXIII, and not many years after by 
 
 tBiOiop Vfi^er : and I prefumc the pious reader will tlunk it no unufeful 
 digrclfion, if I here ilibjoyn fo venerable a monument of the ancient 
 Church. 
 
 THE
 
 { v; i 
 
 126 
 
 THE 
 
 'YS.^ .11 
 
 EPISTLE 
 
 O F 
 
 S.POLYCARP, 
 
 Bifliop of Smyrna and Martyr, to the Philippians. 
 
 Tolycarp and thie Presbyters that are with him, to the Church of 
 God which is at Thil'ippi : Mercy unto you, and Peace from 
 God Almighty, and Jefus Chriji our Saviour , be multi- 
 plied. 
 
 I. fr^^rr^^^x"!^ REjOTCED with you greatly in our Lord 
 
 Jefus Chrift , that ye entertained the patterns of 
 true Icve^ and (^as became you^ conducted onwards 
 thofe who were hound with chains, which are the Or- 
 naments of Saint Sy and the Crowns of thofe that are 
 the truly eleil of God, and of our Lord: and that 
 the firm root of your Faith, formerly pullifhed, does 
 yet remain, ana bring forth fruit in our Lord Jefus 
 hSt. i. 24. chrift, ivho was pleafed to offer up himfelf even unto death for our fins : 
 whom Godraifedup, having loofed the pains of death : in whom, though 
 you fee him not, ye believe, and believing, ye rejoyce with joy un- 
 speakable and full of glory ; whereinto many dejtre to enter, knowing that 
 by Grace ye are faved, not by Works, hut ly the Will of God through 
 
 Jefus Chrift. • ' r-- .bo-;. 
 
 »3- II. WHEREFORE girding up your loins ferve God in fear and truth, 
 
 forfaking empty and vain talking, and the error ivherein fo many are involved, 
 
 believing in him who raifed up our Lord Jefus Chrift from the dead, 
 
 and gave him glory, and a throne at his right hand; to whom all things 
 
 loth in Heaven and in Earth are put in fubje^ion, whom every thing that 
 
 has breath worftips, who comes to judge the quick and the dead, ivhqfe 
 
 blood God will require of them that believe not in him. But he who raifed 
 
 him up from the dead, will raife up us alfo, if we do his will, and walk in his 
 
 commandments, and love what he loved, alftaining from all unrighteoufnefs, 
 
 1 Pet. 3. 9. inordinate deftre, covetoufnefs, detratlion, falfe witnefs ; not rcndrirjg evil 
 
 for evil, or railing for railing,ory////(7«g jor finking, or curfnigfor curfmg, 
 
 Matth. 7. 1. lut rememhring what the Lord faid, when he taught thus. Judge not,that ye 
 
 ^"''■^ '^■^^'^7 be not Judged, fo give and ye ihall be forgiven, be merciful, that ye 
 
 may obtain mercy : with what meafure ye mete, it Ihall be meafured to 
 
 you 
 
 I Pet. 1.8. 
 
 Eph. 2. 8, 
 
 I Pet. I. 
 
 I Pet. 1. 21.
 
 The Life /?/' S. P o L Y c A K p. 127 
 
 you again: jn^f/j.it blc: led arc the poor, and they which arc |Kr(ccutc'd M^t j 3,10. 
 tor righteoufncfs fake, for theirs k the Kingdom of GcxI. 
 
 III. THESE thiit^s^ Hrethrt'.-^ linHcro ^uiiionci'r»i-,grigh(couj>.rjs^ not 
 «f tny own hjoHOHr^ but hecauje yout jelvcs did frovake me to it. Eor neither 
 /, mr any other Jiich a$ J JWy can attJiM to the w/Jdcm of lle{fcd .ud 
 glorioiu St. Paul, n-ho heinq^ amvnqi^youy jnd coHverJtng perjottj/Iy with thoje 
 II ho ivere then j/nr, prml\ and accnrately tHk^^t the iwrd of truth ,- and 
 when ahjenty ivrote EpijUes to ycu^ ly uhich^ ij you look into them, seinayic 
 liilt in the Ejith^ delivered unto you,\vhich n the Mother of tu all^ beinz 
 joUowed by I lope^ and led oh by Lonje^ both towjrda God jnd ChriJI, and to 
 our m-i^:bour. Eor iihceier xi inirardly repkn//hed with theje thmgs^ has 
 fuljilhd the law rj ri^hteoujnejsi and he that is jurnijhed with laze, Jfands ^ Ttm. 6.7. 
 at a dilhnce from all fin. But love of Money u the beginning of all 
 
 ev il. Knowing therefore that we brought notliing into tiie World, and 
 
 that \\c Ihall carry nothing out, let m arm our Jelies with the armour cj 
 
 righteoufnejSy and in the Jirjt place be injlruded our Jelves to walk in ti.e 
 
 commands ot the Lord, and nest teach your VViies to live in the faith deli- . 
 
 xered to them^ in love and chajlity, that they embrace their own hiubands 
 
 with all integrity, and others aljo with all temperance and continence, and 
 
 that thev educate and dijcipline their Children in the fear of God. 7 he IVi- 
 
 dowSy that they be Jober and modejl concerning the Faith of the Lord, that 
 
 they incejfantly intercede for all, and keep themfehes from all flanderingde- 
 
 tratlion^ falje witnej^, covetoufnejs, and every evil work : as knowing that 
 
 they are the Akixs of Gody and that he accurately Jurvejs the facrtftce^ and 
 
 that nothing can be concealed Jrom him, neither of our reajonings,nor thought Sy 
 
 nor the f'crets of the heart. Accordingly knowing that Cod is not mocked ^ we 
 
 ought to walk worthy of /'y command, avdoj his Glory\ 
 
 IV. L/A'EJl'JSE let the Deacons be unblamable before his righteous pre- 
 jencey as the Minijiers of God in Chrijl, and not of men ; not accuJerSy not 
 double-tongued, not covetous, but temperate in all things, compaffionate, di- 
 ligent, walking according to the truth of the Lord, who became the Deacon 
 or fen-ant of all: of whom, if we be careful to pleafe him in this Vi'orld,ne 
 fhall receive the reward of the other life according as he has promijed to raife 
 m from the dead: and if we walk worthy of him, \vc believe that we ihali 
 alfo reign w ith him. Let the young men alfo he unhlamahle in all things, 
 flud)ing in the firfl place*to he chafle,and to rcflrain themfehes from all that is 
 
 evil. Eor it is a good thing to get above the lufts of the iVorld, feeing every « Cor. 6. 9,10. 
 Lufl wars againf} the Spirit ; and that neither Fornicators, nor cfTlminatc, 
 nor abulbrs of thcmfclvcs with mankind lliall inherit the Kingdom of 
 God, nor whcex'er commits bafe things. 
 
 V. WHEREEOHE its neceffar\ that ye abflain from all thefe things, 
 being fubjeil to the Presbyters and Deacons, as to God and Chrifl .- that 
 the h'irgins alfo walk with a chajl and undefiled confcience. Let the Pref- 
 hyters he tender and merciful, compaffionate towards all, reducing thofe that 
 are in error, vifiting all that are weak, not negligent of the Widow and the 
 
 Orphan, and htm that is poor ^ hut ever providingwhat n honefl in the light ' '- 
 
 cf God and men ', ahjlaining from all wrath, refped of perfnns, and unrighte- 
 ous judgement^ beinn^ far from covetoufncfs, not ha/hly beliezing a report 
 againf i any man, net riqid m judgment, knowing that we are all fauhy, and 
 obnoxious to puniihment. If ihei cfore wc fiand m nerd to pray the I^rd that 
 be would fcrgrie us, we c:ir feves ought alfo to forgive. Eor we are before Romt^y.tc, 
 the eyestf him, whou Jjord and God^ and ^W mull ftand before the judg- 
 ment
 
 128 The Life ofS. P o l y c a r p. 
 
 mentfeatof Chrift, and every one give an account of himlclF. II here- 
 pre let us Jerve him with a/I jearurd rereretice, asi.e hiryjelf hasctrrmarJ- 
 ed Its, and as the Jpojiles haze preached and tai'ght tts^ ard tie Prophets 
 %vbo forejhewed the cowing cj cur Lord, Be zeaUus cj that u-h/ch is aood^ 
 abjlaimng from offences and jalje Brethren, and thrje uho bear tie name 
 i John 4. 5. oj the Lord in hj/pocripe, uho [educe and deceive vain men. For every 
 rEpift. r.7. one^ xh^t confefleth not that Jeius Chrift is ccme in the f;efh, is Anti- 
 chriftj and he who doth not acknowledge the martyr dim of the Crofs, is if 
 the Devily and whoever {hall pervert the Oracles ({ the Lord to his private 
 lujls^and Jha/l Jay, that there u neither rejurreilicn nlr judgment to ame^ that 
 man is the firll-born of Satan. Leaving therefore the vanity cf many, aid 
 their falje Dothines, let iis return to that Doctrine, that fnm the beginning 
 was delivered to lis : let us be watchful in prayers, perjevering in t'ajling^ 
 and Supplications, bejeeching the All-jeeing Gcd that he would not lead m in- 
 M»tth. 2^.41. to temptation ; as the Lord has faid, the iipirit indeed is w illing but the 
 Flelh IS weak. Let us unwcariedly and ccnjlantly adhere to Jejus Chrijl, 
 1 Pet,2.22,24. ^^° " ^"'' ^■'"/'^ '^"^ ^^■'^ pledge of our righteoujnefs, 'who bare our fins in his 
 own body on the Tree, who did no fin, neither was guile found in his 
 mouth, but endured all things for cur fakes, that we might live through him. 
 Let us then imitate his patience, and if we fuffer for his name, we glorijie 
 him ; for fuch a pattern he fet us in himfelf, and thus we have believed and 
 entertained. 
 
 VI. 1 exhort you therefore all, that ye be obedient to the word of righteouj- 
 fiefsf and that you exercije all manner of patience, as you have jeen it Jet Jcrtb 
 before your eyes, not only in the bleffed JgnatlMS, and Zofimus, andRufus, 
 hut in others aljo among you, and in Paul himjelf, and the rejt ij the Ap(flles ; 
 beingaffured that all thefe have not run in vain, but in Faith and Righteouj- 
 vefs, and are arrived at the place, dueand prcmijed to them by the Lord, of 
 wboje fuffer ings they were made partakers. For they loved not this prej'ent 
 world, but him who both died, and was raifed up again by Ccd for us. Stand 
 f aft therejore in thefe things, and follow the example of the Lord, being firm 
 and iifn^utable in the Faith, lovers of the Brethren, and kindly affettionate 
 one towards another, united in the truth, carrying your Jelves meekly to each 
 other t defpifing no man. When it is in your power to do good, defer it not, 
 for Alms delivereth from death. Be all of you fubjedt one to another 
 having your Converfation honeft among the Gentiles ; that both you your 
 f elves may receive praife by your good works, and that God be not blajphemed, 
 through you. For wo unto him, by whom the name of the Lord is blajphemed. 
 Wherefore teach all men Jobriety, and be your Jelves converjant in it. 
 
 VII. / am exceedingly troubled for Valens, who was Jometimes ordained 
 
 a Presbyter among you, that he fo little underjlands the place wherein he was 
 
 fet. I therefore warn you, that you abjiain Jrom Covetoujnejs, and that ye be 
 
 chajf and true. Keep your Jelves from every evil work. But he that in theje 
 
 things cannot govern himfelf, how f ha II he preach it to another? If a man re- 
 
 frain not from covetoufnefs, he will be defied ivith Idolatry, and JJmII be judged 
 
 f Cor. 6.2. among the f /eat hen. Who is ignorant of the judgment of the Lord .> Know 
 
 ye not that the Saints Ihall judge the World I as Paul teaches. But t 
 
 have neither found any fuch thing in you, nor heard any Juch thingof you, 
 
 among whom the blefed Paul laboured^ and who are in the beginningcf his 
 
 Epijile. For of you he boajls in all thoje Churches, which only knew Gcd 
 
 at that time, whom as yet ive had not known. I am therefore. Brethren, 
 
 gnatly troubled for him, and for his Wife, the Lord give them true repeti' 
 
 tance.
 
 The Life of »S. P o l y c a r p. i ov^ 
 
 tance. Be ye aljo jobir as to this nutter^ and account not fuch as enernie* 
 hut reftort' them as we tk at^ei erring Memhers^ that the whole L d, (j \vu may 
 be jaxed ; /r in jo dunj^ ye luild up Your f elves. 
 
 VIII. / rrujt that )e are well exercijed in the holy Scriptures, and that ,/f- 
 thtng u bid from you ; a thing as yet not granted to me. As it u Jaid in ihefe 
 places^ be angry and fm not: atd let net the .'■un go down upon your 
 wrath. Rh[\(diihe that ismmdpdii theje thing<^ which I helicxe ycu are. 
 The (jod and lather oj our Lord J ejus Chrijl^ und Chrijl Jeji/s the eternal 
 //igh-FrieJf, and Son of God^ build you up in Faith and Truth, ahd in all 
 meeknej\ that yo'i may be without anger ^ in p.ificnce, forbearance, long-Julier- 
 ing^ andchaflity, and give you a portun and ir.heri tance amonqjl his Shunts, 
 and toils together with you^ and to all under J leaven, nho j):all hcLeve in 
 our Lord Jefics Chrijf, and in his Father, who raijed him frvm the dead. Fray 
 for a/l Saints. Fray alju for Kings, flhgijl rates, and Princes, and tvett for 
 them that hate and perjecnte you, and jor the Fnemies of the Crofs, that 
 
 your fruit may be m.inifejl in all, that you may be comple.it e in him. 
 
 IX. TF wrote unto me, both ye and }gnauus, that if any one go into Sy- 
 ria, he might carry your Letters along with him : which I will do fo Joon 
 as I fhall have a convenient opportunity, either my Jelf, cr by feme other, whom 
 I will fend upon your errand. According to your reijuejl we have jent you 
 thofe F.piflles of Ignatius, which he wrote to us, and as many others of hu as 
 we had by us, whuh< .ve .innexed to this FpifUe, by which ye may be greatly 
 profited. For they contain in them faith, and patience, and whatever elje « 
 neceffiry to build you up in our Lord. Send us word what you certainly 
 know b.th concerning ]^nat'ms himfelf, and his companions. Heje thjngs baie 
 I written unto you hy Crefcens, ivhom I have hitherto commended to yvu,and 
 do flill recommend. For he has unblame.ibly converjed among /n, ai ulfo I 
 believe amongfl you. J its fiff^'r aljo ye fhall have, recommended, when fhe 
 fhall come unto you. Be ye fife in the Lordjefus Chrift. Grace be with 
 you all. Amen. 
 
 rhe EnJofS.TOLYCAKV's Life. 
 
 THE
 
 ', ... .'j .) . 
 
 '.:' . ^
 
 »3i 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. QUADRATUS 
 
 BISHOP of ATHENS. 
 
 His Birth.phce entjuire^ into, lln tearmrtg. m Edncatton under the 
 ApoftUs. PubUus B//^o/) 0/ Athens. Quadratus /-'uy«ff <*>'»''« '*J'' 
 See. The deqenerate fiate of that Church at hu cming to tt, //« wrff- 
 
 S X JatigdU
 
 1 52 The Life of S. Q^ a d. r a t u s . 
 
 _ , ^ - .■■■■ , ' ' — —■ ii-^ 
 
 defatigahle zeal and induflry in its reformation. Its purity and J]curijhii;g 
 condition noted by Origcn. Quadratus bis being endowed with a Jpint 
 of Prophecy^ and a power of Miracles. This perjon proved to le the frme 
 with our Athenian Bijhcp. The troubles raijcd againfc the Chr-Jtians 
 tinder the reign of Adrian. Adrian'j Charadef. His difpo(itmt to*' 
 wards Religion^ and bafe thoughts of the ChriJUans. Hisfonduejs for the 
 Learning and Religion of Greece. His coming to Athens, and kindnefs 
 to that City. His being initiated into the Eleufinian nnjkries. Thefe 
 mfleries ivhat^ and the degrees of initiation. Several addreffes made to 
 the Emperour in behalf of the Chriflians. Quadratus his Apologe- 
 tic. Ser. Granianus his Letter to Adrian concerning the Chnjtiuns. 
 The Emperours Rejcript. His good opinion afterwards cf Chrijl and 
 his Religion. Quadratus driven from his charge. His Martyrdom and 
 place of Burial. 
 
 ^' ^^^SW/li^^t/^L}^'^'^'^'^'^ St. Quadratus Was born at At hem j 
 l^^^^lpf^S^ no notices of Church-Antiquity enable us to 
 . {^-.^luliiiSdj^^^^ determine ; though the thing it lelf be not im- 
 
 
 probable, his Education and Kefidence there, 
 P^'^^ and the Government of that Church feemirg 
 l^j^^ to give fome colour to it. And as Nature had 
 j^l^l^ furnillied him viith mcomparable parts (fx- 
 9^^!>^ cellens ingenium^ {a\ St. Hiercm fays of him ) 
 (a^DeScrift. ' ' fo the place gave him mighty advantages in his 
 
 »« ^a rat. g^jy^^jj^j^^ j.^ ^jg throughly trained up in the choicefl parts of Learn- 
 ing, and moft excellent inflrudtions of Philofophy, upon which ac- 
 (^)M(?H.Gr<cc-. count the {h) Greeks truly ftile him, olvS"^ -noyxil^^, a man of 
 '^cjf'c'^ great Learning and Knowledge. He became acquainted with the Bo- 
 (■c)'K°s^<r^i?7Bf ctrines and Prmciples of Chndianity, by being brought up under A- 
 »'V«'^{'A-po{lolical in{lru£fion, for fo (r) Eufebius and (d) it. Hiercm more 
 OTfiAs-caw- ^j^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ j.j^^^ j^g ^^j ^^ Auditor and a Difciple of the Apo- 
 
 Eufib. xesv- files ; which muft be underflood of the longer lived Apoftles , and 
 VKL^^ziT' particularly of St. John^ whole Scholar in all probability he was, as 
 {d)Hier.de Ser. were zlio Ignatius ^ Folycarp, j'apia^, ai\d others: and therefore, (e) Eu- 
 inii^adr. (3 jebius placcs him among thofe that had r -jr^cirLj mi^iv^ that were of 
 oS.lS'S the very firft rank and order among the Apoftles Succefibrs. There 
 327. are that make him, and that too con (lituted by St. fohn (though I 
 
 ^gl^-ff^j:'^' cor\k(s I know not by what Authority, the Ancients being v\liolIy 
 "' " ' filent in this matter ) Bilhop of Philadelphia , one of the feven fa- 
 mous Churches of Afia^ and at that time, when St. J tin fent his 
 Epillle to that Church : which I pafs by as a groundlefs and precarious af- 
 fertion, feeing they might with equal warrant have made him Billicp 
 of any other place. 
 
 II. UNDER the Reign of Trajan., as is probable, though Barcnius 
 places it under Hadrian.,AnnJmp. 'W\.{f)rullius Biihop of Ati:ens fuffered 
 !^;^^"/*^;'-4-f Martyrdom, who is thought by fome to have been that very TMnis 
 ^'■^" ''^'' whom ^.faul converted in the Illand of Melita in his Voyage to Rcme.px'A 
 who afterwards fuccceded Dionylius the Areopagitc in the See of Athens. 
 MEpift.ad A' To him fucceeded our Quadratm^ (as (g) Diony/ius Bilhop of 'Cwv;;//^, who 
 W;«).^;W£«- lived not long after that time, informs us) who'found the Hate -of that 
 fel;. hc.citat. Ghurch in a bad condition at his coming to it. for upon -Fubliirs his 
 
 Mart}rdon7j
 
 71)6 Life of S. Qu A U R A T U S. i 
 
 
 Martyrdom, and the Pcrfccution that attended it, the I'c()|)lc \\cre j;e- 
 ncrally dil}H;rlcil and llcd,as uhat wonder, if" when the Shcpherrl a )„..!- 
 /://, the Sheep be Jcjrte/eri, and go allray ? their puMic and fokmn 
 Adeinbhcs were defertcd , their /tal grown cold and languid, thtir 
 hvcs and manners corrupted, and there wanted but httic ot a total 
 Apollahe from the C hrilhan Faith. This gooil mantlicreloreftt liini- 
 leh with a mighty zeal to revive the ancient Ipirit ol Keligion, lie 
 re-Ictled Order and Difciplinc, brought back the People to the pub- 
 lic Allemblies, kindled and blew up t'.icir Faith into an holy Flame. 
 Nor did he content hinilelf with a bare Hetormiuion of wlut was 
 amil's , but uith infinite diligence preached the Faitii, and by daily 
 Converts enlarged the bounds of his Church, fo that (as the (./) Greek,... _ 
 RitAjl\ cxprels it) the Sj^cs and Wile menot (jieece being convinctd m>/ /«/f. 
 by his no>:tnnes and wiic dilirourfes, embraced the Golpel, and ac- 
 knowledged C hrilltobe the C rear or oi the World, and tl>c great Wif- 
 dom and Power of God. And in a fhort time reduced it to fuch an 
 excellent temper, that (/) On^en (wiio lived fomc years after) dc- 
 monllrating the admirable emcacy of the ChrilUan Faith over the ^^^'•""^'g^''-'' 
 minds ut men, and its triumph over all other Religions in the World, ' ' * 
 inllances in this very Church of Athctn^ for its good Order and C on- 
 llitution, Its meekneis, quietncfs, and conllancy, and its care to approve 
 it lelr to God, infinitely beyond the common Allembiy at JtheHS^ 
 which was Factious and Tumultuary, and no way to be compared with 
 the C hrillian Church in that City j tliat the Churches of Chrill when 
 examined b\' thcHeatiienC;onvocations, llione like I iglits in the World; 
 and that every one mud contcis that the worA parrs of the C'hriflian 
 Church were better, than the bell of their popular Allemblies ; that 
 the Senators of the (jhurch [ as he calls them ) were fit to govern in any 
 part of the ( luirch of Gcxl, while tlie Vulgar Senate had nothing \\or- 
 th)' oi that honourable dignity, nor were railed abo\e the manners ot' 
 the common People. 
 
 III. THUS excellently conflituted was the Athenian Churcli; for 
 which it was chicily beholden to the indefatigable induftry, and the 
 prudent care and conduct of its prelent liilhop, whofe fuccefs herein 
 was not a little advantaged by tiiofe cxtraorduiary fupcrnatural Powers 
 which (lod had conferred u|K)n him. That he was indued with a 
 Spirit of I'rophcfie, of fpeaking fuddeniy ufxan great and emergent 
 occafions, in interpreting oblcure and dillicult Scriptures, but clpecially 
 of tbretelling future events, wehavc theexprcfs tellimoniesof (c) Eufe- (c) if. E:. i^^c. 
 hiiis^ athrminghimto ha\c lived at the fame time with Vhilifs Virgin- ''■^"^'• 
 Daughters, and to lu\e had rT^ii^hy^.y y^pioy-a.^ the gift of Prophefie; 
 and ot another {d Author much Ancientcr than he, who confuting the '^f] ^f": ^"f^- 
 error ot the Cataphrvj^cs, reckons him among the Prophets who flou- j/ 
 
 rilhed under tlie Oeconomy of the Gopfel. I know a learned (e ' man would ■'- i 4 '"• 
 
 fain pcrfwade us, tliatthe (hudrjttu who had the Prophetic gilts, was"' '■^'" 
 a perfon diliinCt trom our Athenian Bilhop. IJut the grounds he pro- 
 ceeds upon (bem to mc very weak and inconcluding. For whereas he 
 fays, that that (^<j^//-j;«y is not by P.njcbiu.\ ftiled a liiiliop, who knows 
 not tlut ^K-rfons are not every place mentioned under all their capa- 
 cities ? and lefs need was there tor it here, QujJrjnu when firll Ipokcn 
 of bv Ettjehiiu^ not l)eing then IJilliop of Athens., and fo not pro^xrr to 
 be taken notice of in that capacity. Nor is liii other exception of greater 
 
 weight,
 
 1 34 The Life <?/S. Q" a d r a t u s. 
 
 weight, that the Prophetic Quaflrattis did not fuivive the timesof /idr'mn^ 
 whereas ours was in the fame time with Dicnyfnn Bilhop of Corinth^ 
 who Uved under M. Jutamnus^ and fpeaks of him as his contemporary, 
 and lately ordained Bill-.op of Athens. But wi-ioever looks into that paf- 
 *c2^^ft'^' ^^^ °^* Dionyjius, will find no foundation for fuchanallertion, but ra- 
 ther the quite contrary, that he fpeaks of him as if dead before his time, 
 as I believe any one tliat impartially confiders the place, muft needs 
 confefs. Not to fay, that St. Hierom and all after him without any fcru- 
 ple make them to be the fams. So that we may ftill leave him his gift: 
 of Prophecy, which procured him fo much reverence w liile he lived, 
 and fo much honour to his memory fince his death. To which may 
 
 be added what tiie Greeks in their Menceon not 
 ■x\Zv -nv %^C^a., KoJ^cl-n, ^vf^lA a.^- improbably fay of him, that he was furniflied 
 i:/^T^T.^i9°'3?t ';!?'' if Met" with a power of workina Miracles, and that by 
 Grx'c. loc. fiipr. cit. ' his Prayers lie ruined the Idolatrous Temples of 
 
 the Heathens, whereby he mightily confounded 
 the Infidels, and brought in great numbers to the Faith. 
 
 IV. BUT the fair weather and profperity of the Church was not 
 
 wont to lafi: long in thofe days. They had enjoyed a fliort Tranquility 
 
 about the later end of Trajan's reign, but now alafs under Adrian his 
 
 [a) Epifl. ad SuccelTor the weather changed, and there arofe (as (a) St. Hierom calls it) 
 
 *%'a'fac{%'.^ mod grievous and heavy Perfecution, and which * Sulpitim S events 
 
 y.142. exprefly lays was the fourth Perfecution. And indeed, how grievous it 
 
 was, fuiliciently appears from thofe many thoufands of Martyrs that then 
 
 fuffered, mentionedin the Ancient Marty rologies of the Church: Yea, 
 
 {h) Vid.Hpm. even at (^) Rome it felf Etiftackius and his Wile Theopijlis with their two 
 
 ^^Z"!l\:'ic ^ ■Sons, are faid by tlie Emperors command to have been thrown to the 
 
 Septe>71V.A.?>..p. ' 111 -I-. nil/- 
 
 5g3. Lions, and when the mercy of the Savage Beafls had Ipartd them, they 
 
 were ordered to be burnt to death in the Belly oi a Brazen Euil. 'Tis 
 (c)Apol.c.6.p.6. true (c) lertullian fays that Adrian publillied no Laws or Edi£>s againft 
 the Chriftians; but tlie Laws enafted by Irajan being yet unrepealed, 
 or not laid afide, there would not want thofe who would put them 
 [i) Enfeb-l.^.c. in Execution. We find (d) that though Trajan commanded a flop to be 
 33./. 103. put to the Perfecution againft the Chnftians, yet even then both People 
 and Governors of Provinces went on with their accullomed cruelties, 
 and though there was not a general, there were particular and Provin- 
 cial Perfecutions. And no d;.ubtit was much more fo after his death, 
 when Adrian came to the Empire, whom they knew too well, to think 
 he would be an enemy to fuch proceedings. For whatever fome have 
 faid concerning the clemency and good nature of that Prince, there are 
 ^^^^^^^•^^^;(^) that plainly affirm, that it was but perfonated and put on, that he re- 
 vi't. Adrian, ally was in his nature cruel, and that ( according to the true genius of 
 c.2o.*.88.'zW. ftiperflition) whatever works of piety he did, it was for fear left the 
 lom'.abtmC' ^^mc evil fate iliould happen to him, that fell upon Demit ian-, and of 
 his cruelty inftances enough may be met with in the Writers of his Life. 
 In ihorr, there was in him a flrange mixture and contemperation of Vice 
 (f)spartian. and Virtue, it being a true charafter which the (/) Hiflorian gives of 
 »/'.c.i4.;». 69. iiim^ that he was leverc and chcarful, grave and af?able, deliberate and 
 yet eagerly wanton, covetous and liberal, cruel and merciful, a great 
 diflcmbler, and perpetually inconflantin all hisadions. 
 , 1 J,/ ,/, (^ 2, V. FOR Religion he was a diligent and fuperftitiousobfcrver (g^ of 
 /'96.' ' "their own Rites of Worlhip, but hated and defpiftd all flrange and fo- 
 reign
 
 J be Life of S. Q II A D R A 1 u s. i ^ 
 
 :>:> 
 
 reign Religions, and cfpccially the Chriflian. Indeed how well he 
 thought ot the C'linnians, appears fuflicicntly from Ids (a) Later toSer- {4)Exttt ,tp ri 
 v/amij the Conju/y Written :i little .liter his return out of F-^ypr^ u herein ''w^- •" "f. 
 he gives the (hnftians thereto lewd and bale a character; not llicking *''^""' '"' 
 to affirm that the jK-ople, }c'a their i'riells, their liilhops and then" vei) 
 I'atriarch hiinfelf would worlliip both Chnjl and Serapis^ and that they 
 were a mod turbulent, vain and injurious generation. From which t- 
 piQle it leems phun to me, that at his being tliere, he liad k^erely per- 
 lecuted the ChnUians, and connxlled lome light or lalle protellors to 
 worlhip the Deities ot the Country, w Inch probably ga\e ground to 
 his ccnCure, and to charge tlie imputation upon all. And fince he look- 
 ed upon die Chrillians ai lucli a vile Ion ol men, it is the lels to be won- 
 dred, that he fliould connive at, or encourage their being I'erfecuted ui 
 other parts ot the Empire. He principally applied himlelt to the Stu- 
 dies ot (/) (jreae whereof he wasfo ftrangely tbnd, that he was com- {l)Sftn£.i.f. 
 monly fliled Gracuhu^ the Little Grerk : this made him delight much in ^ 
 thofe parts, and to converfe with the Learning and Philolopjiy ot thole 
 Countries. About the fixth or fevenih year ot hii Keign he came to 
 Athens, where he took upon liim the place and honour ot an Wn/v«, ce- 
 lebrated their t'olenin fports, and gave many particular Law s and Privi- 
 ledgesto that C ity, but elpecially was entered into their Eleujmtan My- 
 flerics, accounted the moft facred and venerable of the w hole Gentile 
 World, and which particularly carried the Title oilhe Ahjlenei. They 
 were Solemn and Religious Rites perlbrmed to Cfra in memory of great 
 benefits received from her, the Candidates whereof were lliJed f*6^a/, 
 and to the full participation whereof they were many times not admit- 
 ted till alter a five years preparatory tryal, wliicli had many feveral 
 fteps, and cacii its peculiar rites : firl\ there were -roVijiji^i xa^aoo-m, 
 the cmnmon purgattonSy then ow a-n^lmTOTt^i-, thofe that wcrc more /f ^r^ r, 
 next the '7v<rxa«>'> or //d//wf^,thenthe yut/rVfts thcimtutions^ and laflly, 
 ( w hich was the top of all ) the f7ro^«ai, or the Injpeclions. Others reck- 
 on them thus; that firft there were die in. fxa^bv^ata., the Futrijicitiom 
 and expiations; then followed the tt* fMn^jt /tcjrgyia, the Leffer Myfte- 
 rtes, when they were folemnly initiated and taken in; and laflly, after 
 lome time they arrived at the greater My fleries, the lu. fT07r7r<»., whicli 
 were the mofl hidden folemnities ot all, when they were admitted to a 
 full fight ot the whole Myftic Scene, and thenceforth called 'Ettoi^xj or 
 iHJpcaon^ and were obliged under a folemn Oath, not to difcover thefe 
 myfterious rites to any. We cannot well fuppole that the Emperor 
 Adrian was put toobfen'C thefc tedious methods of initiation,theirMy- 
 flic Law s were no doubt difpenfed w ith for lb extraordinar) a [XJifon, 
 and he at once became both a C andidatc and an 'LTOTrT*,;, a thing whicli 
 they fomctiines granted in lome extraordinary cafes. And not content to 
 do thus at Athens, (c) i>t. //teromtclhus, he was initiated into almoin alJ (c}De Scnft ,t, 
 the facred Rites oi Greece, whence (//) Tertulluu juHly ililes him, 7^/r ^^'^'^-^^ 
 Jearcher into all curious and hidden M\}lenei, and ( f i iJion himlelt tells us f<')t>f(T»;.r* 
 of him, that he was infinitely curious, and flranHely addifted to all forts ^,""^'' ''*^/ 
 ot Divination and Magic Arts. 
 
 V'l. AT Athens Adrian flaidtlie whole Winter, where his bufie and 
 fupertlitious Zeal being taken notice ot ; was warrant enougli without 
 further order tor adtivc Zealots to purfue and opprets the Chriflians, the 
 Pcrfecution growing foHeicc and hot, that the Chrifluins were forced 
 
 to
 
 I ^6 T/je Life <7/S. Q u a d r a t u s. 
 
 to remonflrate and declare their cafe to the Emperor ; among whom 
 * Eufeb.U.c.-3,. befides * Anjlides a Chriflian Philolbjihcr at this time at Athens^ who 
 f/p! >//'STw ^" an Jfnltgv addrclTed himlelf to Adrhir, our Oii-ylrjtns prefented an 
 EpijtMdMi^n Applcgetic to the Emperor, defending the CUiriftian Religion Irom the 
 Orator. calumnies and exceptions of its Enemies and vindicating it irom thole 
 pretences, upon w liich ill minded men fought to ruin and undoe the in- 
 nocent Chriilians, wherein alfo he particularly took notice of our Sa- 
 viour's Miracles, his curing Difeafes, and raifing the dead, fomeinHances 
 whereof, he fays, were alive in his time. Befides this Apology ( wherein, 
 as Eujehun fays, he gave large evidences both of his excellent parts,and 
 true Apoflolic Doftriile) 'tis probable he left no other Writings behind 
 him, none being mentioned by any of the Ancients : where I cannot 
 {a)Cent\\.c.\f.hw\. notc the flrange heedlefnefs of the Compilers of the {a) Centuries^ 
 \6. cci. 1 52. ^ bcre they tell us out of Eujehim, that befides the Apology^ he compofed 
 another excellent Book called Syigrumma, when nothing can be more 
 plain, than that by that V\ rithg Eujelius means not a diftinihf Book, but 
 that very Apologetic Oration, which he there fpeaksof: and yet a mo- 
 (h)Behei.Antiti (i(:Yn GernjjM (^i) Proteilor ;^ who frequently tranfcribes their errours as 
 
 fim'c fTiH^ ^^'' ^^^'^^^'^ ^^^°"^'^^ ^ fecurely 1 wallows it, purely ( I fuppofe upon their 
 ^ Authority ; ^ though ftrange it is, that he could read that paflage in Eu- 
 feh:,., himleif, which he leems to have done, and not palpably feel the 
 miftake. 
 
 VII. IT happened about this time that Serenius Granianus the Procon- 
 
 (c) J.Mart^^p. y^/ of j^j^^j ^rotc (c) Letters to the Emperor, reprefenting to him the in- 
 £///?/>./. 4^'cXj'J^ice of the common proceedings againfl Chriilians, how unfit it was 
 ?i22. that without any legal Trial or Crime laid to their charge, they fliould 
 
 be put to death meerly to gratifie the unreafonable and tumultuary 
 clamours of the People. With this Letter and the Apologes that had 
 been offered him by the Chriftians, the keennefs of the Emperors fury 
 was taken off, and care v\as taken that greater moderation ihould be 
 
 (d) Jiifiiti. ih. ufed towards them. To which purpofe he difpatched away to(</) Fmda' 
 Eujcb^ c. 9. ^^^^ Grcwianus his SuccelTor in the Proconful-lliip of Afia this follow- 
 ing Refcript. 
 
 ADRIAN Emperor, to MINUCIUS FUNDANUS. 
 
 IReceivctI the Letters which were fent me hy the moft excellent Serenius 
 Granianus, your Predecejjor. Nor do I look upon it as a matter fit to he 
 pafjed over without due enquiry^ that the men may not be needle fly dijquietedy 
 nor i formers have occafion and encouragement cj fraudulent accu fat ions mini- 
 ftred unto them.lVherefore if the Suhjeds of our Provinces he ahle openly to ap- 
 pear to their Indi'clments againft the ChriJUans^ fo as to anjwer to them he- 
 fore the public Jnhunal^ let them take that courfe^ and not deal hy Petition 
 andmeer nnife and clamour : // being much fitter, if any ace uj at ion be brougj^t^ 
 that you fl:'Ould have the cognizance of it. If any one fhall prefer an Indid- 
 ment^ and prove that they have tranfgrejfed the Laws, then give you fentence 
 againfl them accord ingto the quality of the crime. But if it jhall appear , that 
 he brought it only out of fpight and malice, take care to pun/fh that man ac- 
 cording to the hainoufnefs offo mijchievous a defign. 
 
 {e)Ap.Eiifcb.l. The fame Refcripts (as {e) Melito Bifliop of Sardis, who prefented 
 ^.c:i6.f.ii,%.^^ Apology to M. Antoninus informs us) Adrian fent to feveral 
 
 othci
 
 The Life of S. Qjl ADRATUS. 1^7 
 
 other Govcrrtours of Provinces. Nay was (o far wrought into a good 
 
 mood, thjt if It be true what tlieir own (.;) Hillorian reports ot hini, lie {■')Umfnd,n 
 
 dci'igntd to build a Temple toChriH, and to receive him into the num- ^"- '"'■•« i^ 
 
 l cr ot tlicir gt)d.s, and that he commanded Temples to be built inall;».j68. 
 
 ( ities Without Im.igcs, which were tor along time after called A^n.wt -^ 
 
 I ut wai prohibited to go on l)\ lome, who having confulted the Oracle, 
 
 had been told, that if this fucceeded according to fome mens defires, 
 
 the Temples would l>e deferral, and all men U-comeC hrirtians. 
 
 Vlll. W H AT bccamcot S. Qu.ifli.it us after Jcirun\ departure from 
 Athens., we find not more than u hat the {h ' G reeks in their Alena^on relate, W Loc.fupr*. 
 that by the violence ot Perl'ecuters he was driven from his charge at*^"" 
 .-/r/r«j, and being firfl fet upon by Stones, tlien tormented by Fire, and 
 fcveral other pumlhmtnts, he at laft under .-/////./« 
 
 (probably about the latter end of his reien ) re- . '^'^'J *'*ff^* ^>^*f* nmjk.^ nCat 
 ceived the Crown of Martyrdom. To what f^,5;^^- '^''-''' **«"< ^i->«. Men. 
 
 place he tied w lien he left .Ithens, aiul where he 
 iutiered martyrdom is uncertain, unlets it were at Ahgnejij^ a City of 
 JoHtj in Aha Minor., where the fame Mena-on tells us, he preached the 
 Gofpcl, as he did at .-//'/.'fwj, and that hislxxly uas there entombed, and 
 his remains tamous for Miracles done there. A place memorable tor 
 tile deitli ot 1 l.ennlhcles^ that great Commander and C itizen of Athens^ 
 banilhed alfo by his own Fellow-f litizens, who after his brave and ho- 
 nourable atchievcments, did here by a fata! draught put a period to ♦ /„ tVr ref- 
 ills own lite; where (as * Plutarch tells us ' his pofterity had certain ""y'•^^ 28- 
 honours and priviledges conferred upon them by the AlugneJianSy and 
 which his triend Jhemijlodes the Athenian enjoyed in his time. 
 
 I 
 
 r/;e £;/^ o/i'. QU A D R A T U S '5 Zz/f. 
 
 THE
 
 ^9 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. J U S T I N 
 
 THE 
 
 M A R T Y R. 
 
 S.1U3T1NUS MARTYR. 
 
 s. ' 
 
 His vicinity to the Apoftoltc times. His Birth'pUce and h'imlreJ. Htt 
 Studies. His Trjzeh into Eg)'pt. To ir/ur Sed of FhiUJoffhy he a^ 
 flieJ ktmfelf. The occajjon and nunner of hisftrange con-j^rjion to Chrt- 
 
 T X jiiantty
 
 140 
 
 The Life ofS.] u s t 1 n tbe Aiartjr. 
 
 flianity related hy h'mfelf. Chrifiianity the only Jafe and fatisfatiory 
 Philojophy. The gredt influence ivhich the patieme md fortitude ij the 
 Chrijiians had upon hisconz'erjwn. The force of that argi-.tnent to perfuade 
 men. Hk 'vindication of hinijelf from tl.e ch.irges of the Gentiles. His 
 continuance in his Philofophic halit. The 4>iAo(75(p&i' 'l.'yr)u^ ivhat^ and 
 hy whom worn. O yfoj^tji '^.-^rriu His coming to Rome, and oppojn.g 
 Heretics. Marcion who, and what his Principles. ]\xiims Jirft Apo^ 
 logy to the Emperours^ and the defign of it. AiltoninuS his Letter to the 
 Common-Council of ACiz in favour cf the Chrifiians. This fnewed not to he 
 the Edict of Marcus Antoninus. JuOin'j journey into the Eaft, and con' 
 ference with Trypho the Jew. Tr}pho who. The malice cf the Jews 
 againfl the Chrifiians, JuflinV return to Rome. His antefis with 
 Crefcens//;^ Philofopher. Qtq{c&'[\s his temper and principles. JuflinV 
 fecond Apology. To whom prefented. The occajton if it. M. Antoninus 
 his temper. JniWn (ore-tells his own fate. Jhe^ucsofhis Martyrdom. 
 His arraignment before Kxx^xcws Prafecl of Rome. Rudicns who: the 
 great honours done him hy the Emperour. JuftinV dijcourfe with the 
 Prtifed. Hts freedom and courage. His fentence and execution. The 
 time cf his death. His great Piety ^ Chanty^ Impartiality., &C. His 
 natural parts^ and excellent learning. His unskilfulnefs in the Hebrew 
 Language noted. A late Author cenfured. His Writings. The Eptftle 
 to Diognetus. Diognetus who. His flile and charatier. The unwar" 
 rant able opinions he is charged with. His indulgence to Heathens. Kx'Twi 
 Xoyv iiiv- ywhat. Aoy^i in what fenfe ufed by the ancient Fathers. Hox9 
 applied to Chrifl, how to Reafon. His opinion concerning Chiliafm. The 
 concurrence of the Ancients with him herein. This by whom firfl fiar- 
 ted ; hy whom corrupted. Concerning thejlate cf the Soul after this life. 
 The dodrine of the Ancients in this matter. His affertion concerning 
 Angels , maintained hy mofl of the firfl Fathers. The original cf it. 
 Their opinion concerning Free-will fhewed not to be oppofed by them to 
 the Grace of God. What influence Juflin'j philofophic education had 
 upon his opinions. His Writings enumerated. 
 
 (a)H.Eccl.2j:. 
 13.^50. 
 (b) Ap.Phot. 
 Cod. 
 
 CCXXXIV. 
 col. 921. 
 • ' Attd^'awc 
 ■yv'oij^©- (M- 
 
 57)7»f, ■yvdfMi.t 
 
 \^Zv. Epift. 
 ad Diognet.p. 
 p. 501. 
 {i) Afol. II. 
 
 (e)DeBeU.Jiid. 
 l.'i-c.^. p.'i^o. 
 (f)H.Nat.l.y 
 c. 13.^.79- 
 
 (g) Animadv. 
 adEuf.Chr(m.n. 
 MMCLVII. 
 21 g. 
 
 I. :r-^ w,-^5s^ j^- VSTIN the Martyr was one, as of the mofl lear- 
 ' §iW^ ned, fo of tlie mofl: early Writers of the Eajlern 
 Church, not long after the Apoftles, as {a^Eufehius 
 fays jf him, near to them -/^yxop ^ afiU fays Mcthc 
 dais \ h') Bilhop of 7 vrf , both in time and vertue. And 
 near indeed, ifweftriSly underftand what he* lays 
 of himfelf, that he was a Dijciple of the Apoftles-^ 
 which furely is meant either of the Apoflles at large, 
 as comprehending their immediate luccellors., or probably not of tiie 
 Perfons, but Doctrine and Writings of the Apoftles, by which he was 
 inftrutted in the knowledge of Chriftianity. He was ' d born at NeapiJif ; 
 a noted City of Palefline within the Province of Samaria, anc.ently cal- 
 led 5/<r/7fw, afterwards as (/) Jnfephus tells us,by the inhabitants nlahunha, 
 ( corruptly by {f^ Pliny Mamortha ) by the Remans Neapoli<:, and from a 
 Colony fent thither by Plavius Fefpafian^ lliled Flavia Ccvfarea. His Fa- 
 ther was Prifcus the Son of Bacchius ( for lo the YiQiaxv iv iVxyy ^y 
 T ff N dm <t>Aa.o/a-, as Sylburgius and Valejius obferve, muft neccfiarily 
 be underftood, implying the one to have been his Father., the otlier 
 his Grandfather^') a 6f ^rz/f, and Q^si^g^Scaliger probably thinks) one of 
 
 thofe
 
 The Life of S. Justin /he Ainrtjr. 141 
 
 xhoicGreeks which were in tliatClolony tranTplantal ihitlicr, wljotook 
 care together with Keli^ion to have him Educated in all the i earning 
 and riulolbphy of the (jciitile World. And indeed how grc.ir and 
 exa> a Martcr he\va?inall tlieir Arts and Iearning,how tlirojglijy 
 heluddiftclledthe bell aiidmol\ ufetul notions, \\hich their Iiillitiitions 
 of l*hilolophy could ariord, his Writings at this day arc an abundant 
 evidence. 
 
 II. IN his younger years, and as isprohable, before his converfion to 
 Chrillianit}', lie travelled into foreign parts for the accomplilbnient of 
 his Studies, and particularly into /r^v/»/', the Staple- place o\ all the more 
 myllcrious and recondite parts of Learning and Kehgion, and thcrctbre 
 conftantly vifited by all the more grave and lage I Inlolophers among 
 the Hiathcns. That he was at * .^Icxandna himfelf allures us Vk\\cxc*i'drxntf.dd 
 he tells us \\ hat account he received from the inhabitants of the ^in/fw/yG'*'/'^- 
 Tranflutors, and was lliewed the (tils wherein they performed that fa- 
 mous an I elaborate work, which probably lus inquifitive curiofiry as a 
 Phiiofoplier, and the reports he had heard of it by living among the 
 jFf n had more particularly induced him to enquire alter. Among the 
 fcveral Sets of Philolbphers, alter he had run tiirough and fur\e)edall 
 the- l-orms, he pitclied his Tent among the }'/jrun/jts, whole t notions t /<^/. I. ( r<» 
 wetemoft agreeable to the natural fentiments of his mind, and which *'"'■'' ''-^f-lS- 
 no doubt particularly difpofed him for the entertainment of Chrillia- ^°' 
 nity, * himlelt telling us, that the principles of that Fhilofophy,though * ^^"^P''2-5'< 
 not in all things alike, were yet nut alien or contrary to the Do>5Vrines 
 of the Lhriliian Faith. But alas he found no fatista^lion to his mind 
 citiier in this, or any other, till he arrived at a lull perfuafion of the 
 truth and divinity of that Keliginn wiucli was fo much defpifed by the 
 Wile and the Learned, lb much oppoied and tramp'eel on I.y the Gran- 
 decs and I'owers of the World. \\ hereof, and of the manner of his 
 converfion to the Chriftian Religion, he* has given us a very f^rge and 
 puntual account in his Difcourle with //>/-/«. I know th;S account 
 is fulpected by fome to be only a Frpjrtwpacij^ to rcprcfent the grounds 
 of his becoming a ( hriflian alter the Flatomc moeic by way of Di.lrgue, 
 away familiar witii the Philo'ophers of that **€ . But hov\eve: it may 
 be granted that lomc tew circumllances might be added to make up the 
 decvrum of the Conference, yet I fee no realbn ( nor is any thing oifcred 
 to the contrary befidcs a bare conjcvifure ) to queftion the loundation 
 of the Storv, whereof the fum is briellv this. 
 
 III. BEING from his Youth ad>ed by an inquifitive Philofophic 0'-»^^- «■'"■ 
 
 f genius, to make relearches and enquiries after truth, he firll betook ly^^'"^''*' 
 limfelf to the Stoics^ but not fatisficd with his Mafter, he lett him, and 
 Went to a /{Y/o.rrf.'/c- Tutor, whole fordid covetoufnels foon made him 
 concKide that truth could not dwell with him, accordingly he turned 
 himfelf over to a Pyihaforeju , who requiring the preparatory know- 
 lege of Mulic^ JI}roncm\\, and Gcowetn , him he quickly deUrred, and 
 lail of all delivered himfelf over to the InlUtution of an eminent I'Liro- 
 nrjf, lately come to refide a Kcjpnin ; with w hole intellectual notions 
 he was greatly taken, and refolvcd for fome time to give up himfelf to 
 fohtude and contemplation. Walking out therefore into a folitary 
 place by the Sea fide, there met him a grave ancient man, of a venerable 
 afpecV, who lell into difcourfe with him. The difputc between them 
 was concerning the excellency of Plulofophy in general, and oi Flato" 
 
 mfm
 
 14-2 
 
 J he Life ofS.] u s t i n the Martjr. 
 
 ftijm in particular ; which Ju/l/n alFerted to be the only true way to 
 happmcis, and ot knowing and Iccing God. This the grave perfon 
 relutcs at large and at lail conies to Ihtw him, who were themofi likely 
 pcrlbns to let ium in the right v. ay. He tells him that there were long 
 before his reputed Philolbpliers, certain blelled and holy men, lovers ot' 
 God, and divinely ini'plied, called frophets, who foretold things which 
 have Hnce come to pafs ,• v* ho alone underflood the truth, and unde- 
 fignedly declared it to the World, vvhofe Books yet extant would in- 
 flruft a man in what moft became a Philolbpher to know ; the accom- 
 pliihment of whofe predictions did fulliciently attefl. their faithtulntls 
 and integrity, and the mighty miracles which they wrought, fet the 
 truth of what they faid be} ond all exception ; that they magnil.ed God 
 tlie great Creator of the World , and publiflied his Son Clirift to the 
 World : Concluding his difcourfe with this advice, But as for thy jelf^ 
 above all thinppray that the Gates of Light may Jet open to thee j for tt.eje 
 are not things dijcemed and underjlood by all^ unlejs Gcd and Chrijt grant 
 to a man the knowledge of them. Which difcourfe being ended, he im- 
 mediately departed iromhim. 
 
 tbid.i>ag.z2^. W. THE wife difcourfe of tliis venerable man made a deep impreflion 
 upon the Martyrs mind, kindled in his foul a divine flame, and begot in 
 him a fmcere love of the Prophets, and thofe excellent men that were 
 friends to C hriil : And now he began ferioufly to enquire into, and 
 examine thcChriflian Religion, which he confefleshe found u.ovL ci. <,- 
 m(^toLv aa-<p(x.Xri re ji ffbjw.cpoef'i, the only certain and probable Philofophy, 
 and which hecojld not but commend as containing a certam majeliy 
 and dread in it, and admirably adapted to terrihe and petiUade thoic 
 who were out of the right way, and to beget the fwcetefi ferenity and 
 peace in the minds of thofe who are converfant in it. Nor was it tiie 
 leaft inducement to turn the fcale with him, when he beheld the mno- 
 cency of the Chriflians lives, and the conftancy of their death, with 
 what fearlefs and undaunted refblutions they courted torments, and en- 
 countred Death in its blackefl; Shape. This very account he gives of it to 
 
 *Afol.\.p^o. the Roman Emperour. " For my own part , fays * he being yet detained 
 " under the Platonic Inftitutions, when I heard the Chriltians traduced 
 *' and reproached, and yet faw them fearlelly rulhing upon Death, and 
 *' venturing upon all thofe things that are accounted mofl: dreadful and 
 " amazing to Human nature, 1 concluded with my felf, 'twas impolFi- 
 *'ble that thofe men ihould wallow in Vice, and be carried aw ay with 
 " the love of Luft and Pleaiure. For what man that is a Slave to Plea- 
 *' fure and Intemperance, that looks upon the eating human Flelh as a 
 *' delicacy, can chearlully bid Death welcom, which he knows mufl 
 " put a period to all his pleafures and delights ; and would not rather 
 " by all means endeavour to prolong his life as much as is pofiible, and 
 "to delude his adveriarics, and conceal himfelf from the notice of 
 "the Magiflrate, rather than voluntarily betray and offer himfelf to a 
 " prefent execation ? And certainly the Martyrs rcafonings were un- 
 anfwerable; feeing there could not be a more efleetual proof of their 
 innocency , than their laying down their lives to attefl it. Zeno was 
 wont to lay, he liad rather lee one Indian burnt alive, than hear a hun- 
 
 *5/)-n»)«./. 2. jred arguments about enduring labour and fuifering. Whence * Cle- 
 mens Alocandrinus infers the great advantages of Chriflianity, where- 
 in there w ere daily Fountains of Martyrs fpringing up, who before 
 
 their
 
 Jbe Life of 6'. Justin the Martyr. 1 4 
 
 their eyes were roaflcd, tornicnttil, and beheaded, every da}-, w hoin 
 regard to the Law of their Maflcr had taught and olHgcii, t. ' / / ■ , 
 ii xiux.:-jv '. U'xvixj^i , to demonilratc the truth ami excellency ot 
 their Religion, by lealing it withtiicu- blocnl. 
 
 V. Wt cannot cxacUy fix the date ot his convcrfion, yet may \vc, 
 
 I think, make a\ery near conje: lure. * Eujclius tclli us, that at the ''''^'■'''•' 4- 
 time when //./r/z/j// conltcrated .'////;;/o«y, 'Jujlin did ytt adhere totiic'^' ^'^^^' 
 Studies and Religion oi" the Greeks. Now lor this we are to know that 
 H.idrun coming into /^x^/*'' loll there his beloved C atamit AniinoHi.^ 
 whole death he fo relented, tjiat he advanced him into the reputa- 
 tion of a Deity ; wlience in an ancient inlcnjjtion at f Kumc^ he is \Afc4Minct. 
 fliled CTNei'ONOS THN EN AI I" T II T il (=)!• 12 K, //r .-//-'"■*/• V-""'. 
 je\J'or of the Gods /;/ Egspt. He built a C^ity to him in the place vvhere '"'■^'^'■P^^- 
 he died called Jntime. ere Ted a Temple, and apj>ointed I'riells and Pro- 
 phets to attend if, inflituted annual folemnities, and every five years 
 Sacred Games, called A tho a, hold not in Eg\pt ot\\y, but in otiier 
 parts J whence an ' Infcription not long after thole times, fet up by the .^^t,^ q^^^ 
 vScnatc ot 5w;v/m.', mentions Lcienna ScjjnnuHS I {ilivdrm aSJ Jf<OEj^ CXLI1I/.277 
 who overcame in the Sports at Smjinj. 13ut to return. 'Tis very evi- 
 dent that ILuliLiH had not been in E^\pty till about the time oi Servia- 
 ttus or Sf.cr/.iMits his being Co»ji<l ^ asapjx-ars from tharLmpcrours Let- 
 ters f to him 1 whole ( onfullhip fell in with yiMn.Cli.C\W\\.Trjj.^Ext.aplB- 
 XVf. .So that this of AhUhohs mufl: be done either, that, or at inofi,/"^'" ""^'«- 
 thc foregoing year; and accordingly about this time ( as Eujehius'""''^'^^^' 
 intimates) JuJlin deferted the Crcti-v, and came over to tlie Chriflians. 
 Wheticc in his firll Apolog)' prJfented not many years alter to Antoni- 
 HKS F/us, AdrijHs Succeflbr, \\c\y>Q^ks * oi Ant inous rZ \^v yi'^^.vrw.M'^f Apol.\\.(Tc- 
 who very lately lived and uas confecrated, and of the Jewijh War, ***■"'• ''P- 7 «• 
 headed by B.irchochjL^ as but lately pad, which we know was concur- 
 rent with the death and jpotl.'t'ojis of Ant /nous. For that J itj//ns j >vy 
 yc'<^nujiy'(^ in both pallagcs, cannot be prccifely confined to the time 
 of nrcfcnting tliat Apoh'^y^ is evident to all, and therefore (as the phrale 
 is fometimcs ufed ) mud be extended to w hat was lately done. 
 
 VI. T H F wifer and more confidcratc part ot the Gentiles were not 
 a little troubled at the lofs of fo ufeful and eminent a ^tcrfon, and won- 
 drcd what ihould caufe fo fudden a change. For whofc fatisfa»ilion and 
 converfion, aswellas his oun vindication, he thought good particularly 
 to write a Difcourfo to them, in the very firll uouls whereof he thus 
 befjKaks them, t " Think v\ot,Oyc Greeks^ that I have ralhly, and with- 1 Om. mJ 
 "out any judgment or deliberation departed from the Rites of ) our ^'^■'^■^■^'" 
 " Religion. For I could find nothing in it really lacred, and worthy of 
 
 "the divine acceptance. The matters among you, as your Poets ha\e 
 " ordered them, arc monuments of nothing but madnefs and intempe- 
 '• ranee : and a man can no fooner apply himfelf even t<i the mofl lear- 
 " ned among you for inflruclion, but he lliall leintangled in a thouland 
 " difficulties, and become the mofl confuted man in tiie World. .And 
 then proceeds with a great deal of wit and eloquence to exixjle the folly 
 atid abfurdncfs of the main foundations of the l\i^.iu Creed, conclu- 
 ding his addrefs with thefe exhortations j "Come hither, O yc Greeks^ IJJ p.40. 
 *' and j>artakc of a mofl incomparable wifdom, and be inflruclcd in a 
 
 *• divine Religion, and acquaint your felvcs with an immortal King. 
 
 *' Become as I am, for I fometimes was as you arc. 1 hefc arc the .Argu- 
 
 " mtnts
 
 Y^ The Life of ^] u s t i n ^Z;^ Martjr. 
 
 " mentsthat prevailed with me, this the efficacy and divinity of thedo- 
 " clrine which Ulie a skilful charm expels all corrupt and poifonous af- 
 " fc£lions out of the Soul, and banidies that Lull that is the Fountain of 
 " all evil whence Enmities, Strifes, Envy, Emulations, Anger, andlUch 
 " like mifchievous paillons do proceed : which being once driven our, 
 *'the foul prefently enjoys a pleafant calmnefs and tranquility. And 
 " heincT delivered from that yoke of evils, that before lay upon its neck, 
 " it afpires and mounts up to its Creator j it being but futable that it 
 " Ihould return tc» that place, from whence it borrowed its original. 
 VI. BUT though he laid afide his former Profellion, he flill retained 
 tLit4. c.ii. his ancient Garb, >■ ipiAooTxfw cmm^Ti irpicfiiuoji' t^j ^^ov a-q:;, as '\ Eufe- 
 ^- ' ^5: . . h'lus, and after him * S.Hierom reports,preaching and defending the Chri- 
 J$tn"^^''" ftian Religion under his old Fhilofcphic habit, which was the Pallium 
 ot Cloak, the ufual badge of the G><'£'^-Philofophers,^^difrerent from that 
 \\'hich was v^ orn by the ordinary Greeks, ) and which thofe Chriftians 
 Hill kept to, who before their converfion had been profefled Philofo- 
 *DeScript.in pliers. So ^S.Hicrotn tells \^soi AriJtiHes the Atheti'mn Philofopher, 
 Artftid. contemporary with Quaflratus, that under his former habit he became 
 t Ap.Eufeb.i.6. ChriUs Difciple ; and t Origen of Heraclas, aiterwards Bilhop of Alexan- 
 c.i9f2zi- ff,.j^^ (hat giving uphimfelf to the more ftrid (ludy of Philofophy he 
 put on (ft/.oaz(fov ^yifj.a the r/v/o/o^/.vc //j///, wliich heconftantly wore 
 even after he became Presbyter of that Church. This cuftom continued 
 long in the Chriftian Church, that thofe who did xx^i^m ;tf' T'*''C^'>Cas 
 
 * H.Ecdi.j * Socrates fpeaks ' enter upon an Ajcetk courfe of life, and a more fevere 
 f . 37. profeflion of Religion, always wore the Philofophers Cloak, and he 
 
 tells us o( S/hanus the Rhetork/an^thu when he became Chriftian, and 
 profefled this Jfcetic life, he was the firfl that laid afide the Cloak, and 
 contrary to cuftom put on the common Garb. Indeed it was fo com- 
 rnon, that ^^-M-^i Im^Tni became proverbial among the Heathens, 
 when any Chriftian ^hmnrri pafled by, there goes a Greek Imfcjhr, be- 
 
 caufe of their being clad after the fame manner, 
 
 A/*77 -m-n 01 iv^rfu-mi, o-mv if-iv vva jj^d profcfling a feverer life than ordinary, hke 
 
 l?;;,T;X;^f ^!gS:"^T, the Philofophers among the Greaa.s, many of 
 
 vaxrryf siiv hav^u-j©-, k, 'iv iJif jiif^Ti- whom notwithftanding were meer cheats and 
 
 y^KccvTirxhiyj. ijt^j'n/i Tiva.'iJio<nv hvpocrites : znd "f Hie rem notes of his time, 
 
 ■>^;;«ct, ip. oToT-H t^<n :^if TBT« * .i<n/;)^^ that ifluch a Chriftian were not fo fine and 
 tt^w, ii/t OT^.;,' OTpep;:^t:9or iw.' ifiswj) ;^ fprucC in his Garb as others, prefently the com- 
 
 '^St'^::Xi:^::t:ii- ^^^ ^^^yi^S ^-^^^^J^Pt ^Pon him, he is an Impoflor 
 (jo/f |uu'n3t< 'bby « ^M aZ-nw ^j -rt^-mv 77- and a Greek. This habit it feems was generally 
 
 i-^x"^'^"'' ^'el' ^"^'^^' °"^' ^^^*^^' ^""^ ioxd:\i\ enough. Whence the Monks 
 ' {^.'7dhUrcd.p.\i's.-Vi,m.\. who fuccceded in thisftrift and regular courfe 
 
 of life, are feverely noted by the Gentile Writers 
 
 * Orat.de of tliofe Times undcr this charaiicr. * X/Z-^jw^x calls them juw^/.ar«^^- 
 S'/L/p.'aS. >'^'''^^-'5 llack'coat Monks, and lays {a) of them, that the greateft demonftra- 
 
 tionof their vertue was tj I^U/j 'w uj.a.'noii ■th(:Si'7&'! , to walk about in 
 (b)Tnvtt./Edef. moumipg garments. Much at the fame rd.x.e[^F)Eunapius defcribes the 
 f' '^'" Monks of Egypt, that they were clad in black, and were ambitious 5>j,yc- 
 
 {c)^iKo(F>ipav cria ccc^ucrat; to go abroad in themoft ilovenly and fordid Garb. But 
 x^^ 70/V A6;!i5/f it is time to return to our S. ^jullm, who ( as (0 Fhotius and {(l)Epiphaniiis 
 '^\"L^^,y note) fliewed lumlelf in his words and anions, as well as in his habit 
 Co(U25.coi. to be a true Philofopher. 
 
 Tnktref. 6 ^^^^' ^^ cameto^cwf (upon what occafion is uncertain) probably 
 f.171^.'^'^' about
 
 Tlje Life of i;. J u s T I N rljc ALir/jr. 145 
 
 about tlic beginning of .-intcninus Pms his Kcign, wlicie lie fixed his h;i- 
 
 bitation, dvvtliiiig,as appears Irom the a:ls ot Jus Mart) rdoni, about the 
 
 1 im.<ih:i!c li.itl."s, whicii Were upon tlic I'dh/mj/ Mount. Here he ilie- 
 
 noull) iniployed hinileh to deteiid and promote thccaufcot C hriUiani- 
 
 ty, and particularly to confute and beat down the Herelies that then 
 
 mainly intelkd and chlUirbed the ( hurch, writing a book * againll all ' ^;>-/n_p7o. 
 
 lorts of Herelies, bucinore elj>ecially oppled hunl'eh to ALnnn, who 
 
 was the -Son ot a bilhop, born in I vntus^ and tor hii dcllouring a Vir- 
 
 gui had Uen call out ot the Church, whereupon he fled to Hmc^ where 
 
 he broached many damnable iTrors, and among the r^H, that there 
 
 were twoGotIs, one the Creator of the World, whom he made, ti) be 
 
 tile God of the Old J(jijniei.t^ and the .Author of evil j the otlier 
 
 a more Sovereign and Supreme being, C reator ot morecxcellent tlungs, 
 
 the l-atherol (Jirill, whom he lent into the World to diholve the Law 
 
 and the I'rophets, and to dellroy the works of the other Deity, whom 
 
 he lliled the God of the Jetvs. Others, and among tliem elpecially 
 
 t Lpiph.intLLs^ and a more Ancient Author " of the biJogues agu/uji the ^ jurc;.\L\\ 
 
 MarcioHites under the name oi Orijcn (tor that it was Ur/gen himfelf, ^ «35- 
 
 I much quellion '; make him to have cliablithed three ditrerini; Principles t/'"'"''^ 'T. 
 
 or Beings ; an ./, ,r x>xr. , or i^oc// I'nnciple, the father ot C liriil,and B^fii. edit. 
 
 this was the Ciod of the r/'r////.;«j ; an :trv.' ■y,.uj.yp'yty.r, or Crc.if///gVrin- '<^74-4- 
 
 ciple, that made the vil";ble trame ot things, which preiided o\ er tlie 
 
 Jfwsy and an xp'^ mv^jt, or cvtl Principle, which was the Devil, and 
 
 rnlcd over the Gent/les. With him 'Jfjim encountred both b)' Uord ami 
 
 Writing, particularly pubhihinga Book which he hadcompofed againll 
 
 him and his |x.'rnicious Principles. 
 
 \'I1I. ABOUT the Year of our Lord CL\. the Chrillians fecm 
 to have been more llvcrely dealt with ; tor though Antoninits the Km- 
 [x:ror was a mild and excellent Prince, and who put out no fdicts, that 
 vve know of, to the prejudice ol Ghrillianity, yet the Chritlians being 
 generally traduced and detamcd as a wicked and barbarous generation, 
 had a hard hand born upon them in all places, and w ere jx.'riecuted by 
 vertue of the particular Edids of tbrmer Emperors, and the general 
 Handing Law s of the Ronun Empire. To vindicate tjicm trom the 
 afpcrllons call: upon them, and to mitigate the leventics ulld towards 
 them, Jiijlin about this time publiihed his hrll Apology (tor though in 
 all Editions it be let in tlie lecond place, it was unquelUonably the nrll,) 
 prefcnting it (asap\x:ars from the Inlcription) to .intomiiis Fius thcj^^^-^^ 
 Emperor, and to his two Sons / trin and Lucius to the Sen.it t\ and by c. i3./. 139. 
 them to the w hole People of A'cwr, w herein with great llrength and 
 evidence of reatbn he detends the Chrillians from the common obje- 
 iHonsof their enemies, proves the Divinity ot the Chrillian Faith, and 
 thcw s how unjull and unreafonablc it w as to proceed againft them with- 
 out due convi:ti()nand tbrmot I aw, acijuaints them with the innocent 
 Kites andLTages of the Chril\ian Aliemblies, andlatlly puts the EmjH:- 
 ror in mind ot t!ie courfe which Jf/r/jii his Predccellor had taken in 
 this matter; who had commanded that Chriflians ihouldnot be necd- 
 lelly and unjulUy \exed, but that their caute ihould U- traverled and 
 determined in ojKn Judicatures; annexing to his Apology a Copy of 
 tlie lltjcript w liicli Adrun had tent to AJ/uucius tundjHUi to that pur- 
 pole. 
 
 IN. \\ I S Addrefs w anted not it fecms its dcfircd Succcfs +. For the ^Of=f.n>liJ.t. 
 
 U Empc- '•'•♦>/.3o5.
 
 14-6 The Life of S.) u s t i n tJje Martyr. 
 
 Emperor in his own nature of a merciful and generous difpofition, be- 
 ing moved partly by this Apology, partly by the notices he had re- 
 ceived from other parts of the Empire, gave order that Chriftians hence- 
 forward Ihould be treated in more gentle and regular ways, as appears 
 
 * Al J. Mart, among others by his * Letter to the Commouiltj of Afta.^ yet extant,which 
 "dCak.Apoi. J ii^^ii i^ere infer t. 
 
 \\. f. loo.^ af. 
 Eufeb. l.\.c.\ 3. 
 
 f.izsmchron. T-^ M P E R O U R C.xfar Titus, ^lius Adrian Antoninus, Auguflus, 
 oiymp"^""' ^' -ty Pius, High-Pricft, the XV. time Tribune, thrice Conful, Father 
 ccxxxvii. of the Country, to the Common Aflembly of Afia, Greeting. lam very 
 l»iiVU.p.6oS. „,^^ a(f»reJ, that the Gods themjelves will take care, that this kind of men 
 jhall mt ejcape, it leing much more their concern, than it can he yours, to 
 punifh thofe that refuje to ivorjhip them ; ivhom you do but the ftrongUer con- 
 firm in their own jentiments and opinions, while you lex and opprejs them, 
 ace ufe them for Atheifls, and charge other things upon them, which you are 
 not able to make good : nor can a more acceptable kindnefs be done them, than 
 that being accujed they may Jeem to chufe to die rather than live, for the 
 fake of that God whom they wor[hip. By which means they get the better, 
 being ready to lay down their Lives, rather than be perfwaded to comply with 
 ' ■ your commands. As for the Earth-quakes that have been, or that do yet 
 
 happen, it may not be amifs to advert ife you, whoje minds arc ready to difpond 
 under any fuch accidents, to compare your caje with theirs. They at fuch a 
 time are much more fecure and confident in their God, tvhereas you feeming to 
 difown God all the while, neglett both the Rites of other Gods, and the Reli- 
 gion of that Immortal Deity, nay Banift) and Ferjecute to Death the Chriftians 
 that H or/hip Him. Concerning thefe men fever al Governors of Provinces 
 have heretofore written to my Father of Sacred Memory : to whom he return- 
 ed this anfwer. That they jhouldbe no way molefted, unlefs it appeared that 
 they attempted fomething againjt the fate of the Roman Empire. Tea, and 
 J my [elf have received many notices of thu nature, to which I anfwer ed 
 according to the tenour of my Fathers conjiitution. After all which if any 
 fhallflill go on to create them trouble meerly becaufe they are Chriftians, let 
 him that is indi'cled be dif charged, although it appear that he be a Chriftian, 
 and let the Informer himfelj undergo the punifhment. 
 
 Publilhed at Ephefm in the place of the Common Ajfembly 
 of Afia. 
 
 X. THIS Letter was fent ( as appears from the year of his Conful- 
 fliip) Ann.Chr. CXL. Antonini III. If it be obje£ted, that this feems not 
 confident with the year of his being Tribune, faid here to be the XV. 
 I anfwer that the hy\f/.a.^')(tvM lii':<Acna, or Tribuniti.m Power did not always 
 commence with the beginning of their Reign, but was fometimes gran- 
 ted, and that more than once, to perfons in a private capacity, efpe- 
 t j/,j,/j, F^fl cially thofe who [were Candidates for the Empire. Thus (as appears 
 CotifuU Sigon. from the Fafti Confulares f ) M. Agrippa had the Inhunitia pot eft as 
 Kcbccxu ^^^^"' ^^ ^^^^^ ^^i^ ^'-'^^^'' Tiberius had it fifteen times during the life of 
 d^DccLXvi Auguftus. So that Antoninus his fifteenth Tribunelhip might well 
 
 * Annot.i7i ju- enougli confift with the third year of his Empire. Though I confefs I am 
 ^'2' ^' ^' ' °' apt to fufpeft an Error in the number, and the rather becaufe * Sylbur- 
 
 gius tells us, that thefe XV. years were not in the Edict, as it is in Juftin 
 Martyr, but were fupplied out of Eufebius his Copy, which I have fome 
 
 reafon
 
 I'hc Life of S. j " s T I N the Aiartjr. 147 
 
 rcafon to think to be corruincd in otlicr |->arts of this Fpiflle. I am not 
 ignorant that Ionic IcarnciJ men would have this tnipcnal Ktiutto Lc 
 the Decree ot Muniu Aurcltus^ fon ot Antoninus, hideed in the infcri- 
 ption oi It, as it is extant in iiujchnu^ it is ALirciu Aurcl/iu Antommu : 
 but then notliing can l)C more evident, than that that part oi" it is cor- 
 rupted, as is plain, both becaule Ei'JiLitis himl'eh a lew lines before ex- 
 prelly alcribes it to ,tntcrt/nus Fius, and lecaufe in the original inl'cri- 
 ption in 'jujini's own .Apology { troin wiiencc Eujcbius tranlcribcd his ) 
 it is I itui stilus Anton/nm I'/us. And bel des that norliing elle of 
 moment is olfcred to make good the conje;lure, the whole cunlent of 
 Antiquity, and the tenor ot the l.pilUeit lelf clc-arly adjudging it to the 
 elder AntoHiH:<s \ end * Aklito lii hop ot\S'.i/7/;t, who prelented an ■'^\>o- • ApEufebJ^ 
 logy to lis "^onand >uccellbr, tells hun of the fetters winch his Fatlierc 26^ 145. 
 at ihetimewhen he was his Tartner m the tmpire, wrote to the ( u its "''■'■■'>■/"*' 
 that they ihould not railc any new troubles againll the C^hrdlians. 
 
 XI. N or long alter his tirll Apology, j/ «///« fecins to have rc-vifitcd 
 the EiiJliiH parts : tor bel'ides what he la} s in the Aus of his Martyrdom, 
 that he was t^icc at Home^ t EuJehiuK exprelly atlirms, that he was at tt't 4 c 17. 
 E^hejus^ where lie had his dilcourfe with I'ryphon^ whicli tis " plain was iP .'so- 
 aker the prelenting his firll Aplcgy to the Kmperor. And 'tis no^J,^^^^'!^'' 
 ways improbable but that he went to Ephcjus in company uitli thole 349- 
 who carried the Km|x.rors t.diitt to the ( onimon-C ouncil of AJ1.1, then 
 allemblcd in that City, where he tell into acquaintance witii Tr\phoH 
 the Jcu-. This 'li\p>.on was probably that Kabbi 'J^trphan^ -■■'^•j^ \ --yry 
 as they commonly call him, the iveulthy Fncji^ the Mafter or Allbciateof 
 H. AqniLi^ o\ whom mention is often made in the Jewjjh Writings. A 
 man of great note and eminency, who had lied his Country t in ttie late * j^^^j^ f,^ 
 War, wiierein t.irchothul had excited and headed the Jens to a KcLcl- Tryfh p. 217. 
 lion ag.unll tlie Romans, fncc which time he had lived in Greece^ and 
 cfpccially at Conntl., and had mightily improved himlelf by converfc 
 With the I'nilofophcrsot thole Countries. With him J/z/Z/w enters the 
 litis ma two-da) s dilpute, the account whereof he has given us in his 
 Dialogue witii that luotil man, wherein he fo admirably delends and 
 makesgood the truihof the (hrillian Religion, cuts the very fmews of 
 the Jcrijh caule, diiloKes all their pleas and pretences againll ( hriflia- 
 nity, and dilcovers their implacable ip.glit and malice, u ho not barely 
 content to reject C hri iianit), tent peculiar perfons * up and down the •rtiirjeoSi 
 World to fpread abroad, that Jejus the CjI/Io-m was a Deceiver and (^■'ptjt/eOJ.^ 
 .Seducer, and his whole Religion nothing but a Cheat and an Impoflurc,*^' '*•^'4«*• 
 that m their public t >) nagoguestluy ->olemnly anathematized all that ^ p.t^.zz-^. 
 turned Chriliians, hated ilitm, as clew here * he tells us, with a mortal '•'';;;: " 
 enmity, oppreiied and murdered them when ever they got them in their ^"^^ '^'' 
 po\\erj HjixI'Oihdh their late (Jeneral making them the only oh]Qt\: of 
 Ins greatcll leverity and revenge, unlels they would renounce and bla- 
 fpeme Clirirt. The iiiiie of the conference was, that the Tm- acknow- 
 ledged himfelf highly pleafed with his dilcourfe, profcdmg he found 
 more in it, than he thought could have been ex[x;iled from it, wilhingiie 
 might enjoy it oltner, as what would greatly conduce tothetruc uiitier- 
 llandmg ot the .Scripture, and legging liis friendlhip in what part of 
 the NVorld foever he was, 
 
 XII. IN theconclul'ionof this difcourfe with 7 /•;•/>/•<?», he tells us, he 
 was ready to let fail, and depart liom EpIrJHS^ but whether in order 
 
 U 1 to
 
 14-8 J he Life ^/\S. ) u s t i n the Martyr. 
 
 to his return to Rcme, or Ibme other place, is not known. That he re- 
 turned thither at laft, isunqueiiionalle, the thing being evident,though 
 the time uncertain, whetlier it was while AntG>i}„us was yet alive, or in 
 the beginning of his Succeilbrs Reign, I will not venture to determine. 
 At his coming he had among others, frequent contefts with Crejcens the 
 
 * Vid. Hieron. Philofoplier, a man of fome note at that time in Rome. He was a * Cy- 
 deSenpt. in ,,^^.^ and according to the gennu of that >'e:f, proud and conceited, furly 
 
 '"" and ill-natured, a Philofopher in appearance, but a notorious ila\e to all 
 
 Vice and Wickednefs. t TatLw^ Jujritis Scholar (who faw the man at 
 c?l\f.lTJ.' Borne, admired anddefpi.ed him for his childilh and trifling, his wanton 
 and eileminate manners"^ g.v( s him this charafter, that he was the tradu- 
 cer of all their gods, the Epitome of Superftirion, the accufer of gene- 
 rous and heroic aclions, the fubtil contriver of Murders, the prompter 
 of Adultery, a purfuerof Wealth, even to rage and madnefs,a Tutor of 
 the vilefl fort of Luff, and the great Engine and inf.igator of mens be- 
 
 * iM 1. 1 57. ing condemned to execution .- he tells us * of him, that when at Jicn?e,hc 
 
 was above all others miferabjy enflaved to Sodomy and Covetoulnefs; 
 and though he pretended to defpife death, yet did he himfelf abhor it, 
 and to which as the greareft f-vil he fouglit to betray 'jufl'in and Jurian^ 
 for their free reproving the vicious and degenerate lives of thole Philo- 
 fophical Impoftors. This was his adveriary , ^ly-.o^ofi^ i)<Pi^^aiq.@^^ 
 t Afol. I. (ve- as he calls him t, a lover of Popular Applaufe, not of true Wifdom and 
 r;H> II. J/. 46. pi^jJQJ-^pj^y^ and who by all the Lafe Arts of infinuation endeavoured to 
 traduce the Chriflians, and to reprefent their Religion under the mofl 
 infamous charaiSter. But in all his difputes the Martyr found him 
 wretchedly ignorant of the affairs of Chriftians, and llrongly biafled 
 by malice and envy, which he offered to make good ( if it might be ad- 
 mitted) in a public difputation with him before the Emperor and the 
 Senate: aflbring them, that either he had never confidered the Chri- 
 flian Dolfrincs, and then he was u orfe then the meanefl Idiots, who 
 are not wont to bear witnefs and pronounce fentence in matters where- 
 of they have no knowledge ; or if he had taken notice of them, it w as 
 plain that either he did not underfland them, or if he did, out of a bafe 
 compliance with his Auditors, dillembled his knowledge and approbati- 
 on, for fear of being accounted a Chriftian, and left freely fpeaking his 
 mind, he fliould fall under the Sentence and the fate of Socrates ; lo far 
 was he from the excellent principle of that wife man, that ko man ivas to 
 he regarded before the truth. Which free and impartial cenfure did but more 
 exafperate the man, the fooner to haften and promote his ruine. 
 
 XIII. I N the mean time Jujiin prefented his jecond Apology to 
 M. Antoninus (his Colleague L. /V/^y being then, probably, abfent from 
 the City) and the Senate ; for that it was not addrelled to the Senate 
 alone, is evident from feveral paflages in the Apology it felf There 
 are, that will have this as well as the former to have been prefented to 
 Antovinui Pms^ but certainly without any juff ground of evidence, be- 
 fides that EMJel/iiis and the Ancients exprefly alcribe it to Marcus Aure- 
 lius, his Son and SucccfTor. And were the in fcription and beginning of it, 
 which are now wanting, extant, they would quickly determine and re- 
 
 * Aiol\ * Ai ^"^'^^ ^^^ doubt. The occafion of it was this. * A Woman at home had 
 
 " ' ' together with her husband lived in all manner of wantonnefs and de- 
 bauchery, but being converted to Chriftianity, flie fought by all Argu- 
 ments and perfwafions to reclaim him from his loofe and vicious coui le. 
 
 But
 
 The Life of S. ] u s t i n the Martyr. 1^9 
 
 But the man was obflinarc, and deaf to all rcafon and importunity ; how- 
 ever by the advice ofliLT Iricnds, Ihe llill continued uith him, hoping 
 in time ihe might reduce him ; till fmdmg him to grow intolerable, 
 (he procviri d a IJdl of Divorce Irom liim. The man was lo far from 
 being cured, that he was more enraged by his Wives departure, ancl 
 accu.ed iicr to the Kniperor tor being a C hrillian; Ihe alio put in her 
 Fctiiion, to obtain leave to anl'wer lor her Itll. Whereupon he dcfer- 
 ted the profccufion ofhis U'lte, and tell upon one /Vf'AowfMj, by whom 
 Ihc had i'een converted to the C hrillian haith, whom he procured to 
 be call itj'ol'rilbn, and thtrealong time tortured mtcrly ujHinhiscon- 
 Iciling himlelt a Chriftian. At laft l)cing brcnight before 7>rhicnu Prar- 
 fe:f 01 the City, he uas condemned to death. Whereat Lucim, a 
 Chriftian that Hock! by, could not forbear to tell the Judge, it was very 
 hard that an innocent and vertuous man, charged with no Crime, Ihould 
 be adjudged to die meerly for bearing the name of aC hriftian, a thing 
 no way credital le to the (iovcrnment of luch Fmperors as they had, 
 and ot the Auguft Senate of Kcmr. Which he had no Iboner faid, but 
 he was together with a third pcrfon fcnrenccd to the fame fate. The 
 fcverity of thefe proceedings awakened JujUn's Iblicitude and care for 
 the retl of his Brethren, \^ lio immediately drew up an A}K)logy for 
 them, wherein he la\s do^ n a true and naked relation of the cale, com- 
 plains of the injuflice and cruelty of fuch procedures, to ptnilh men 
 meerly for the name of Chrillians, without ever accufmg them of any 
 material crimes, anfwers the objctlions ufually urged againfl them, and 
 defires no more favour, than that what determination loever they (liould 
 makf? of it, his Apology might be put before it, that fo the whole World 
 m:^ht judge of them, when they had been once truly acquainted with 
 tilt 11 ca e. 
 
 XIV. THE Martyrs a.^ivity and zeal in the caufc of Chriftianity 
 did but fct the keener edge upon Crfjcrm his malice and rage againfl 
 htm. The Piiilofophcr could not confute him by force of Argument, 
 and there o.c relolved to attaque him \*ith clancular and ignobkArts, 
 an.i could think ot no furer way to opprefs him, than b) engaging the 
 fecular Po v\ers againrt him. Ahrcm /^ntomtiiu the Emperor was a 
 gf'it Ph.lofopher, but withal zealous of l\i<i^ui Rites to the highefl de- 
 gree of >ujerllition ; he had Irom his youth been educated in the * S.:l/,7n * 7 CdpitolJn 
 Cn.e^e, all the Offices whereof he had gone through in his own Perlbn, ]"' ^^"^'^• 
 affe;fing an imitation of Numj Fompil/us, the ftrl\ Mafler of Religious 
 Ceremonies among the Fomjns, from whom he pretended to derive his 
 Pedigree and Or gmal : nay lo very llrict in his way of Religion (fays 
 + D/on) that even upon the D/fs Nefjjf/, the unlucky and maufpicioust ExcerptDi- 
 davs, when all public Sacrifices were prohibited, he would privately'"'''^'' 
 oflTer Sacrifices at home. What apprehcnfions he had ot the Chriflians 
 is evident from hence, that he alcrib2s * tlxir reaily and refolute uni.ler- •T*r««Mi/T- 
 going death, not to a judicious and deliberate confuleration, but toa'"*'^-3 
 xA''r ,-^«aTx-c, a w^f-r ///♦//.rwr/j and obrtinacy ; which he being focini-^' '" 
 ncnt and profeiled aSfofi, hadot all men in the World the kail realbn 
 to charge them with. With him it was no hard matter for CrcfcffK to 
 infinuate himli^lf, and to procure his particular dis-favour towards 7///?/'>f, 
 a man loable, and fo a.five to promote the interefl of the Chrillran Kcli- 
 gi >n. Indeed * fu/iiH himleU had publickly told the Emperor what ^^f^cglfAi 
 lie cxpc:tcd ihould be his own tate, tliac he kjolad that Crtjccns or fomc 
 
 of
 
 1 50 Th Life <?/ S. J u s T I N the Mart)>r. 
 
 of their titular PhilofopherSjfliould lay fnaresto undermine, torment, or 
 crucifie him. Nor was he at all millaken, the envious man procuring 
 
 • M«i. Gr^c. him to be caft in Prifon, where if the * 6/rf/(-y lay true, he was cxercileti 
 TiT*. ■j^ i»f. with many preparatory tortures in order to his Mart)rdom. I conlefs 
 
 Eujehiiu gives us no particular account ot his death, but the Acts of his 
 t v4;«^.Sttr.<?(/ Martyrdom are ftill t extant, and ( as there is rca Ton to believe) ge- 
 S"£«l? nuine and uncorrupt, the fhortncfs of them being not the leaft Argu- 
 Ann.\6'i.n.2. ment that they are the fincere Tranfcripts of the l^rimitive Records and 
 ^■f'i- that they have for the main fcaped the interpolations of later /ges, 
 
 which moft others have been obnoxious to. I know 'tis doubted by 
 
 * SurJoe.citat. * ^^^g whether thefe Ji^s contain the Martyrdom of ours, or another 
 
 JuJl/» : but whoever confiders the particulars of them, mofl agreeable 
 to our Juftin^ and efpecially their fixing his death under thtlrefetlureoS 
 Rujlicui^ v^\\\c\\ Epipfhimm exprelly affirms of our i.t.jFwy//;?,will lee little 
 reafon to queftion, whether they belong to him. In them we have this 
 following account. 
 
 ^T XV. JV S T 11^ and fix of his companions having been apprehended, 
 were brought before /?«y//a/j^, Preleft of the C'ity. This httjimts was 
 1 7. Cafit. ubi -^ Q%unius RuJlicM^ a man famous both for Court and Camp, a wife 
 ubifapx. 9. p. 5fatclman, and great Philolopher, peculiarly addicl ed to the ^c- )- of the 
 Stoics. He was Tutor to the prefent Emperor M. AureltuSy and v^ hat 
 •Tec Hf ecu/?, remarkable Rules and Inftru6f ions he had given him,/i utoniniu himfelf lets 
 '• '• Sea.j.f.i- Jq^jj at large. Above all his Mafters he had a particular reverence and 
 regard to him, communicated to him all his public and private Coun- 
 fels, fliewed him relped before all the great Officers of the Empire,and 
 after his death required of the Senate that he might be honoured with 
 a public Statue. He had been Conjul in the fecond year of Hadrian^ 
 and again in the fecond of the prefent Emperors, aixl was now Fmfed 
 of Rome : before whom thefe good men being brought, he perfuaded 
 Jujihi to obey the gods and comply with the Emperors Edids. The 
 Martyr told him, that no man could be juftly found fault with, or con- 
 demned, that obeyed the commands of our Saviour Jefus Chr/fl. Then 
 the Governor enquired in what kind of learning and difcipline he had 
 been brought up .• he told him, that he had endeavoured to uncerftand 
 all kinds of Difcipline, and tried all methods of Learning, but had finally- 
 taken up his reft in the Chriftian Difcipline, how little foever it u as 
 efteemed by thofe who were led by error and falfe opinions. Wretch 
 that thou art faid the Governor)art thou then taken with that Difcipline? 
 I am, reply "d the Martyr^ for with right Doctrine do I follow the Chri- 
 ftians. And when asked what that Doctrine v\as; he anfwered, the 
 right Do£f rine which we Chriflians pioufly profefs, is this, we believe 
 the one only God to be the Creator of all things vifible and invihble, 
 and confefs our Lord Jefiis ChriH to be the Son of God, foretold by 
 the Prophets of old, and who Ihall hereafter come to be the Judge of 
 Mankind, a Saviour, Preacher, and Mafter to all thofe, who are duly 
 inftruifed by him: that as for himfelf, he thouglit himlelf too mean to 
 be able to fay any thing becoming his infinite Deity; that this was the 
 bufinefs of the Prophets, who had many Ages before foretold the com- 
 ing of this Son of God into the World. 
 
 XVL THE Prdfeti next enquired where the Chriflians were wont 
 
 to ailemble, and being told, that the God of the Chriftians was not 
 
 X ' confined to a particular place, he asked in what place Jitjlin was wont to 
 
 inllrucl
 
 'The Lift' of S. Justin the Ainrtp'. i 5 1 
 
 inftru'l hisDifciplfs, who gave him an account of the place where \\c 
 dwclr, and tuki hiintliat there he I'rcacheil tlie C hnlluii l)o:lrmc to 
 all that rclorted to him. Then having levcrally txainmed hisl ompa- 
 nions, he again ■.idilrelled hiinlelt to 7«///'' in this manner. Hear thuu 
 that art noted lor thy ll(H|iience, and thinkell iluni art in the truth; if 
 I caule thee to be Icourged trom head to toot, thinkel> thou thou llialt 
 go to Heaven? He aniwercd, that although he Ihoukl fuller what the 
 other had thieamed, yet he hoped he ihould enjoy the |x>rri<)n of all 
 true Chrillians, well knou iiigtluit the Dr. inedrace and favour was laid 
 up for all fucli, and Ihoukl be as long as the World endured. .And 
 when again asked, u hether he tlioiight he Ihould go to Heaven, and re- 
 ceive a reward ; he replied, that he did not think it only, but knew, 
 and \sas fo certain of it, that there was no caule to doubt ir. The Go- 
 vernor feeing it was to no purjxife to argue, came clofer to the matter ii 
 hand, and bad them go together, and unaniinoully lacrificc to the gods. 
 No man ( replied the U/r/vr) that is in his right mind, u ill delcrt true 
 Religion to fall into error and impiety. And when threat ntxl that un- 
 lefs they complied, they Ihould be tormented without mercy j there is 
 nothing (faith Juilin) which wc more earneftly defire, than to endure 
 torments for the lake of our I ord [ffjus Chnjl^ and l)C fa\ed. for this 
 is that which w ill promote our happinefs, and procure us confidence 
 belore that dreadful Tribunal of our 1 ord and Saviour, before which 
 by the divine appointment, the whole World muft appear. To which 
 the rell allented, adding, difpatcln-iuickly what thou hart a mind to, for 
 we are C hriftians, and cannot facrifice to Idols. Whereupon the Go- 
 vernor pronounced this fentencc ; J hey who refufe to do Sacrifice to the 
 pds^ iind to vley the Imperial Edidi^ let them le Jirfi fcourqrd^ and then 
 (headed accoidin^ to the Laws. The holy Martyrs rejoyced andblelfed 
 God tor the Sentence palled upon them, and being led back to prifon, 
 were acconlingly whipjxd, and atterwards be- 
 headed. The * Cireeki in their HitHaU^ though very [■t)'u<ntif tuimtt iTpiK Uf:,*. 
 brietlly, give the fame account, only they ditler in nJ^^.f^ '^^ ^■~" ^'^'^.f'^ 
 the manner of the y^/jr/yry death, which they tell -„ r-r^^r -r- - - • 
 
 1 I 1 L' ,-. r 111 n r Men. GrXLor. T« a, 7» nr. 
 
 US was by a draught ot Poylon, wliile the rell ot 
 his comjxinions loll their heads. Though there are that by that t'atal 
 potion underftand no inorc than the poilonous malice and envy of CreJ- 
 ffwt the Philofopher, by which JuJftHS death was procured. And in- 
 deed if literally taken, the account of the Greeks in that place will not 
 be very confilknt w ith it felf. Their dead bodies the Chrirtians took 
 up and decently interred. This was done, as Baro»hu conjectures. Ann. 
 Chr. CLXV. with whom fecms to concur the f Alexandrine Chronicle^ fAdAn.i. 
 wjiich favs, tliat 7.v///« having prefentcd his fecond AiH)locy to theEm- oW^s* Af 
 perors, w as not long after crowned with Martyrdom. Tliis is ail the i^p6t,j,'t\ 
 certainty that can be recovered concerning the time of his death,the date 3 / 606. 
 of it not lieing conllgncd by any other ancient Writer. 'Tis a vaft 
 iTiiftakc ( or rather error of Transcribers ^ o{ * /'p/phj/uiK^ vvhomakej* //rrr/xi M 
 him furter under Adr/an, when yet he could not Ix: ignorant tliathede-^ '7' 
 dicated his ftrll .Apology to Antoninus Fius his .Succellbr, in the clofe 
 whereof he makes inention of Adrian, his illuftrious Parent and Prede- 
 decellbr, and annexes the I etterwiiich he had written to Mmuiiu tuh- 
 daniu in favour ot the ( hrifiians ; and no lels his millake ( it it was not 
 an error in the number) concerning liis age, making him but thirty 
 
 Years 
 
 I
 
 1 5 2 Jh Life of S.J u s T I N the Martyr 
 
 years old at the time of his death, a thing no ways confillent with rlie 
 courfe of" his Life .• and for what he adds of h )t?-.>^<rw'^?' "' '•'t'^', that lie 
 died in a firm and confident age, it may be very M'el! applied to man)- 
 years after that period of his lite. 
 
 XVII. THUS have we traced the Martyr through the fevcral fla- 
 ges of his life, and brought him to his lad la'tal period, rind now Jet us 
 view him a little nearer. He w as a man of a pious mind, and a very 
 vertuous life ; tenderly fenfibleof the honour of Ood, and tiie great in- 
 terefls of Religion. He was not elated, nor valued himielf upon the ac- 
 count of his great abilities, but upon every occafion intireJ} relolved 
 the glory of all into the divine grace and gocdnefs. He had a true love 
 to all men, and a mighty concern for the good of fouls, wiioie happi- 
 nefs he continually prayed for and promoted, }ea, that ol their i.er- 
 ccfl Enemies. From none did he and his Religion receive more 
 
 * Did!, cum. bitter affronts and oppofitions than from the Jews., ) et he telJs ' Irjpbon 
 Tryph. p. 254. that they heartily prayed for them, and all other Pcrlccutois, ihat they 
 
 might repent, and ceafing to blalpheme Chriil, might believe m lum, 
 t iWrf- f- 323. and be faved from eternal vengeance at his glorious appearing : f that 
 though they were wont folemnly to curfe them in theu" Sjujgogucs, and 
 to joyn with any that would perfecute them to death, yet they re- 
 turned no other anfvver than that. You are our Brethren, we beleech you 
 » Apol.l.f.^z. own and imbrace the truth of God. And in his * Apology to the Empe- 
 ror and the Senate, he thus concludes, 1 have no more to fay, but that 
 we ihall endeavour what in us lies, and heartily pray, that all men in 
 the World may be blelled with the knowledge and entertainment of 
 the truth. In the purfuit of this noble and generous def gn he leared 
 no dangers, but delivered himfelf with the greatefl ircedom and impar- 
 i. Apol.n.p.53. tklky ; he acquaints the t Emperors, how much 'twas their duty to 
 honour and efteem the truth, that he came not to fmooth and flatter 
 them, but to defiVe them to pafs fentence according to the exadefl rules 
 
 * Ibid. p. 54. of Juftice; * that it was their place and infinitely reafonable when they 
 
 had heard the caufe, to difcharge the duty of righteous Judges, which 
 if they did not, they would at length be found inexcufable tetore God ; 
 t Ibid. p. 99. t nay that if they went on to punilh and perfecute fuch innocent per- 
 fons, he tells them before- hand, 'twas impollible they Ihould efcapethe 
 future Judgement of God, while they perfifted in this evil and unrigh- 
 teous courle. In this cafe he regarded not the perfons of men nor was 
 feared with the dangers that attended it, and there-lore in his contercnce 
 
 * Dial, am vvith the Jew, tells ' him, that he regarded nothing but to fpeak the 
 T<7/'*'. H49- truth, not caring whom in this matter he difobliged, yea, though they 
 
 Jhould prefently tear him all in pieces ; neither fearing nor favouring his 
 own Countrey-men the Samaritans., whom he had acculcd in his /ipo- 
 logy to the Emperor, for being fo much bewitched and Icduced with 
 the Impoftures of Simon Magus, whom they cried up as a lupreme Dei- 
 ty, above all principality and power. 
 
 XVIII. FOR his natural endowments, he was a man of acute parts, a 
 fmart and pleafant wit, a judgement able to weigh the differences of 
 things, and to adapt and accommodate them to the moll ufetiil purpofcs; 
 allwhich which where mightily improved and accompliJhed by the advan- 
 tages of Foreign Studies,being both in theChrirdanandEthnicPhilolophy, 
 
 + Cod.cxw. 'f pi:otiMs^ arrived at the very heicht, flo\\'ing with abundance of Hi- 
 
 "/•3C4. f^^^j.^
 
 'iljc Lijc of S. J u s T I N tht: Martyr. i 5 j 
 
 ftory, and all forts of Learning. In one thing indeed hcfecms to liavc 
 
 come ihort, and wherein the fir ft Fathers were g-nerally dtilctive, 
 
 skill in the /A/rfir, ami other F-ijlcm I angunges, as appears to omit 
 
 others) by oncinftance, his derivation ot the word S-ujum ; Sjta (ashe 
 
 tells* usj in the /{drew and the Synac fignitS ing an .-iprji.ite, and Nwi • rmlf, cm 
 
 the fame with the Hebrew iVj.v, out of theconn>oiit.onot" both which ^'-^/"'^53«- 
 
 arifcs this one word S.if.i»<i<. A trilling conceit, and the leis to Ic pardoned 
 
 in one that was Iwrn and li\cd among tlie S.inuri(.ws and the Jews ; e\ e- 
 
 ry one th it has but converfed with thole I anguagcs at adillance.knowmg 
 
 it to fpring from lOw' to he a» .idverjjry^ \\ Inch bemg forined according 
 
 to the mode of the Greeks^ (as (j) Origen long fince oblerved in this very u)ComT. cdf. 
 
 inftance) who were wont to add a<, to the termination ot words bor- '-^f- 3«>^- 
 
 rowed from a Foreign language, becomes S.]fjmif^ an ^dverjary. And 
 
 tliLTclorc a late /■) Author < who has weeded the Wrinncs of the Ancients, WSanJ.T'oH. 
 
 II,- /- "■ r ■• .- I ,1 1 delcr. Script, 
 
 and whole (.juotitions lavt)ur ot indmtely greater olkntation, than ei- eccI.HiJI. ec- 
 
 thcr judgment or fidelity) fufhcientl) lKtra\s his ignorance in thole ve- ^I'l- i'""'. i. 
 
 ty Fathers, with which he pretends li) much acquaintance, when to ^''•'•^•* /• 44- 
 
 prove the (h^'i'li.iy Hefp. ad Oitl:<i(fi>xo<^ not to be the genuin work of our 
 
 Jfjhu^ he urges the odd and ridiculous interpretation of the word OJj»- (,)y,j.Qu^si. 
 
 «./, there rendred (c) by »jt/»TA>o<jv»Ti vnS>x*(LU!»!, juper-excel/eHt mj^mji- L.{\zi. 
 
 cenee : of the true fignitication whereof (fays he' 'juflm himli^lf being a 
 
 Sjntjr/tjM coulil not be ignorant. When as his unqueftionaole Tra s 
 
 at?ord fuch evident footllcps of his lamentable unskiltulnels in that 
 
 Language. But the man muft be cxculed, feeing in this (as in many 
 
 other things he traded purely upon truft , fecurely Healing the whole 
 
 pallage weird for word out of another Authour : lb little skill had he to y,jDi,^t.Crit 
 
 dilhng iilh between true and falfe, and to know when to follow his S^cr. i.zx.yp. 
 
 Guides, and whereto leave them. As for Juji/n himfelf his ignorance '''• 
 
 herein IS the kfsto be wondered at, if we confidcr that his Religion, as 
 
 a GcHfilf Ixirn, his early and almoft fole converfe with the Creeks,, his 
 
 conllant ftudy of the Writings of the Gentile Philofophers, might well 
 
 make him a ftranserto that Language, which had not much in it to 
 
 tempt a meet Phibfopher to learn it. In all other parts of Learning 
 
 how great his abilities were, may be feen in his Writings yet extant, i^to 
 
 fay nothing of them that are loft) '^■rvi t^j^xuvr^i ^xacvuxi k. t^^x la 3-f<x 
 
 »ffTV^«xt>:a» vtrrunnA3tT*-TxCTi« w^e?.f<«s fu.T?'*x,flS{(l'^ Fufehiili faysof thcm C'O HEccil^. 
 
 the Monuments of his fingular Parts, and of amind ftudioul'ly convcr- ''•'*•/'• '39- 
 fant about divine things, richly fraught with excellent and ufeiul know- 
 ledge. They are all defigned either in defence of the Chriftian Reli- 
 gion both againft Tews and Gentiles,, or in beating down that common 
 Religion, and thofe prophane and ridiculous Rircs of Worlhip uhi'-h 
 then governed the World, or in prel'cribing Rules tor theordin.iry con- 
 duit of the Chriftian I ite, all which he has managed with an admi»-ai Ic 
 acutenefs and dexterity. .Some Books indeed have obtruded them ieKv.:S 
 under his namc,as the Expojitio F dei,,Qjur}liones dS Rtfp^nj.t adOrthud x r, 
 Qjtirjlipnes (lr,r,.t>//c,c ad Chrijiunos,, Qntcjhones /'. iid Grtccos, (fjc, all 
 which arc undoubtedly of a latter Agc,compofed alter Chriftianiry «as 
 fully fetled in the World, and the .urun conrroverfies had begun to 
 difturbthe C>hriftianC hurch. Orifanv of them were onginill}' hr,thcy 
 havclxren fomi'.eratly interpolated and defaced by alter-ages, that it is 
 almoft impoiliblc tod.fcern true trom falle. 
 
 XIX. .\ S lor the Epiftle to Diognctiis,, though excepted againft by 
 
 X foine.
 
 1 54 The Life of S.J u s t i n the Martjr. 
 
 fome, yet is it fairly able to maintain its title, without any juft caufeal- 
 Icdgcd 'again U it. Nor is it improbable but that this might be that very 
 ^ D/cgfietus who was Tutor to the Emperour AI. Aurelius, who ( as him- 
 
 {a]M Aurel ^*^'^ confclTcs (a) pcrfuadcd him to the fludy of Philofoph}', and gave 
 WdiiJlj'. him wife counfcls and directions to that purpofe, and being a perfonof 
 Seci.6.f. 1. note and eminency, is accordingly falutcd by the IVlart)r with axeo.^<^e 
 Aioyrvn, tnoji excellent Diognctus. His temper and courfe of life had 
 made him infinitely curious ^as is evident from the firft part of that Epi- 
 flle] to know particularly what was the Religion, what the Manners 
 and Rites of Chriflians, what it was that infpired them witli fo brave 
 and generous a courage, as to contemn the World, and to defpife death j 
 upon what grounds they rcjefted the Rel'gion, and difowned the deities 
 of the (j entiles^ and yet fcparated themfelves from the JeiviJliYyiki^WnQ 
 and way of worlhip ; what was that admirable Love and friendlhip by 
 which they were fo fafl knit together, and why this novel Inflitution 
 came fo late into the World. To all which inquiries (fuiral.le enough to 
 a man of a Philofophicg^'^w ) Jujlin (to whom probably he had addrcfled 
 himlelf as tlie moft noted Champion of the Chriftian caufe ) returns a 
 very particular and rational fatisfadion in this Epiftle, though what ef- 
 fect it had upon the Philofopher is unknown. That this Epillle is not 
 mentioned by Eujehms, is no jufi; exception, feeing he confefies {h) there 
 l.isi/Uo^ were many other Books of 'jujiws befides thofe winch he there reckons 
 up : that it is a little more than ordinary polite and Fhilofopliical, is yet 
 lefs ; for who can wonder if fo great a Scholar as "ji'-Jtm writing to a 
 perfon fo eminent lor Learning and Philolophy, endeavoured to give 
 it all the advantages of florid and eloquent difcourfe. It mufi be corr- 
 feiled that his ord-nary ftile does not reach this ; lor which let us take 
 (c) Lee. [up: Phot /US (c) his cenfure, a man able to pafs a judgment in this cafe : hejlu- 
 Sim. A/crl not {{zys he) to Jet ojf' the native beauty oj philoJopLy with the paint 
 
 and "varnijh of Rhetorical Arts. For which caufe his Dijcourfes, though 
 othenvife verj iveighty and powerful , and oLjerving a compvjure agreeable 
 enough to Art and Science, have not yet thoje Jweet and lufcious infwuation^y 
 thofe attraclives and allurements that are wont to prevail upon vulgar Au- 
 ditors., and to draw them after them, 
 
 XX. THAT w4iich may feem moft to impair the credit of this ancient 
 and venerable man, is that he is commonly laid be to guilty of feme un- 
 orthodox fentiments and opinions, dilagreeing with tiie received Do- 
 £1 rines of the Church. True it is, tliat he has fome notions not warran- 
 ted by general entertainment or the fenfeof the Church, efpecially in 
 later Ages, but yet fcarceany but\\hat were held by moft of the Fa- 
 thers in thofe early times, and which for the main are fpeculative and 
 have no ill influence upon a good life ; the moft confiderable whereof 
 we ihall here remark. Firft he is charged with too much kindnefs and 
 indulgence to the more eminent fort ot Heathens, and particularly to- 
 ~ ^ ~^^ . „ ward Socrates., Heraclttus.. and fuch like : fuch in- 
 
 J mv i,-:©- 'a.v'ifUTmv fXfTi^. Kaj oj jjt^ fenfe Cbrijiiansy and of Socrates particularly {d) af- 
 t?;£|^|"^S.:;ft«'r;;S:j firms, that Chnflwas .^ ^.^.s in part known to him, 
 'Ho^jcx^T©-, j^oi b>/o/ou!7»<j.Apoi.ii. and the like elfwhere more then once. The 
 P'^S-Ss- , A ^. / T >. o ground of all which was this, that fuch perfons 
 
 ^ did ,/.-^ '/.oyv /3ioi, live according to the / ay€^ the 
 
 tvordjorreafon, and that this naturally is in every man, and manifeft to 
 
 him.
 
 The Life of \ J u s T I N the Ainrtyr. i 55 
 
 him, it' he bur govern himfclt according to it. Fertile clearer under- 
 
 (landing wlicrcot it may not be amifs urielly to inquire in what knlc 
 
 the Primitue Fathers, and cfpccully our ^ujiiu ul'c this word / y,<C^ 
 
 And their notion was plainly tins, that C hrift was the eternal/ ^7 ^ or 
 
 Word of the Father, the lum and center of all rcalbn and wifdom, as 
 
 the Sun is the Fountain of I iglit, and that from lum there was a / j-^ ''-^ 
 
 or-rcafon nuur.illy derived into e\'ery man, as a beam and emanation 
 
 of I ighc trom that -Sun ; to \\ hich purpole they ufually bring that of 
 
 S. Johtf, In thf Icq^nmtn^ u\u the \ / oiei^inH the \ Vord 
 
 was with God. and the Word ivjs God : thjt uj; 'o ^ ^rrij ^*Aif*_»ri.r 7.7* ^.)/«7< «; ;. 
 
 the true h^ht thatlizhtrth every man that cometh ^;,u», V „»n *ip*i » ?«c /iy. i ^ 
 
 into the IVorld. God (fa) s Jm/I/h) [o) firft and be- f^'i^x^r 4^^^" ^' « w «;^T»ei« «im«, 
 
 fore the produ:fion of any Creatures U-gnt of '"'^^"^S:^:::^;,^^^^:;';^^' 
 
 himteh ^•J■.1XLu^■ -0:^ ?..-yn.jD> a certain rational 
 
 power, fomctimcs fliled in Scripture the glory of God, the Son, Wil- 
 
 dom, an Angel, God, Lord and Word ; by all whicli names he is de- 
 
 fcnbed both according to theOeconomy ot his Fathers Will, and accor* 
 
 ding to his voluntary generation of iiim. And elleuhere (/), We loveCi-MKL/.si. 
 
 and worfhip the Word of the unlx^gottcn and inef?"ablc God , u iiicli 
 
 (Word* tor our fakes became Man, that by partaking of our fuderings 
 
 he might work out our cure. Hence ( hriff is called (t ) 7? Tai-r-.* /..y^ 
 
 the univerfal Word, and with rcfpe^l to him realon is fliled airifu.a.'n-i^i ^^' atd.f.4, 
 
 K^y><^^ the feminal Word that is fown in our natures , th xepua-nxS 3"«h 
 
 /.37H cv^ \-f-(d ,and '•-■■h-^ fu(puTH -th /.oj» aixp'-, the internal femina- (jj;t»je.5i, 
 
 tion of the implanted Word, which he there diflinguilhcs trom the xutq 
 
 TJo-Tvpua, the primary and original feed it lelt, trom which according 
 
 to the meafure of grace given by it , all participation and imitation 
 
 does proceed. Ths is that which he means by the rj~rfpucL7x a/w^K-a', 
 
 the feeds of truth, which he (e' tells us fcem to be in all men in the World ,• (,).yipoi /.j. . 
 
 they area derivation from Chrifl, who is the root, a kind of participa- 82. 
 
 tion of a divine nature from him. Clemens of Alexjyidru thus deduces 
 
 the pedigree. The image of God (fays (/)he' is his Jl'ord [ for the divine (/; jiAmmit. 
 
 Word IS the genuine otf-fpring of the mind, the Archetypal jigjit of '>JGfw./62. 
 
 light I and the image of the Word is Man. The true mind that is in man 
 
 (laid therefore to be made after the image and likenefs of God) as to the 
 
 frame of the heart is<!ontbrmed to the divine Word, and by that means 
 
 partakes of the Word or Reafon. 
 
 XXf. ORlGENy Clemens his Scholar treads cxa6lly in his Maftcrs fleps. 
 He tells us, that as God the Father is jjnoSo^ .<■.., , ^ «r - " 
 
 the Fountam of Deity to the Son, fo God the ,?,t.u:^:^U?tS'^*':r;rJ^\ 
 Son, a / J- ;c, the W ord, or the fupieme and eter- ^ "Hor jrji Kiyy .•sor. %t I &ii< K-.yQ- 
 nal Reafon , is the Fountain and Oricinal that 2''«*^^°-- '"<>^.r"''^'«^'^''r'r®" 
 communicates reafon to all rational Beings, (/>* j^ ^r Hw5ra Ai^r Jh) oJ *'V»^/. 
 whoas luch are -- -- r .</' , the imageof the "at "«'«0 i^wf i mJtu Ai>©- •3i»< t i« 
 •mage, that is,fomekind of Ihadow of the Word, %:T2%i'tS&^i^rif^l':\t:. 
 who IS the brightnefs ot his Fathers glory, and •• Comment, in Joan. p. 47- Edit. Him. 
 the exprefs image of his pcrfon. And he further iT' ^> ■"' '■^'^' t ^'^'^^ '^*^'''* 
 atlds , that /3"'.. with an article is meant ot « i«ir«iV'A»;«»^r >.;>.. ;>.i^,7i -:# 
 Chrifl , but without it ot that Word or Reafon «v^" >h* ■"<- *' '^'''■^ ••'"'*" "^ 
 thatis derived from him. The cafe then in lliort ^.--^'^-^^'^0-«;^«;(«i'''0-'i^'>''- 
 is this, every man naturally is endued with prin- 
 ciples ot Realon, and lively notices of g(xxl and evil, as a light kindled 
 
 X 1 from
 
 1 5^ The Life ofS.} u s t i n the Martyr, 
 
 from him, who is the Word and Wifdom of the Father, and may fo far 
 be faid to partake of Chrift, the primitive and original Word, and that 
 more or le'fs according to their improvement of them ; fo that whatever 
 wife and excellent thmgs either Philofophers or Poets have fpoken, fays 
 
 (a) Afolog. \.f. Juflin the AUrtyr (u),it was J ixto tp.dfvTx.v -.-x vn ytvcA ccv'SrQCfiTru-vcTripfj.a. t? Ao- 
 
 46.ii/i/./>.43.c. ^^^ from that feed of the ao^o?, the Word, orReafon that is implanted 
 in all mankind : thus he fays that Socrates [b exhorted the Greeks to the 
 
 {b) ihtd.f.ifi' knowledge of the V^known Gcd by the inquifition of the Word, To 
 conclude this, he no where affirms, that Gentiles might be faved without 
 the entertainment of Chriftianity, nor that their knowledge was of it 
 felf fufficent to that end (no man more flrongly proves Reafon and 
 Natural Philofophy to be of themfelves infufficent to falvation ) but 
 that fo far as they improved their Reafon and internal Word to the 
 great and excellent purpofes of Religion, fo far they were Chriftians, and 
 
 akin to the eternal and original Word, and that 
 oo/^m ''£«.«« Jii2«x/.*T«-&^AS- whatever vvas rightly didatcd or reformed by 
 
 'Ssi'^^^'^^y^ 'f^iv^^^^- ^i^S'"- this inward Word, either by Socrates among the 
 
 *« yvof^t , x5 'iM!r» xe/rS tatt^ilQ: Creeks, or by others among the Bariarians, Was in 
 
 Juft. Apoi. II. p. 56. ^^^^ ^jQj^g by Chrift himlelf, the Word made Flejh. 
 
 XXII. ANOTHER opinion with which he was charged is ChiUafmpr 
 
 (c)Diaiog.cum. ^\^q j-eign of a thoufand years. This indeed heexprefly afiertsCc), that 
 
 ZZfviipXi^ after the Refurreftion of the dead is over , Jerufalem Ihould be rebuilt, 
 
 ^ beautified and enlarged, where our Saviour with all the holy Patriarchs 
 
 and Prophets, the Saints and Martyrs Ihould vifibly reign a thoufand 
 
 years. He confefles indeed that there are many fincere and devout 
 
 Chriftians that would not fubfcribe to this opinion ; but withall affirms 
 
 that there were abundance of the.fame mind with him. As indeed there 
 
 were, {d) Papias Biihop of Hierapolis (e) Jrenaus Bi- 
 
 (d) AfulIren^4.T^fAf%.v^dEufiU^. ^ o[Lyons,(f)Nepos (7) Apollttiarism TertuUian^ 
 
 fupr \f) Af.Eufeb.l']x.2i,.f.2io. {g) Af. (j) Fidorinus {k) Lattantitis, (/) Seuerus Gallus^^m 
 
 iiieron.Commem.inE^ech.c.-^6.Tom.3.f.'io7 many more. The firfl that flarted this notion 
 
 ^^rntz^T^lo!'^^^^^^^^^ ^'"^"g '^^ Orthodox Chriftians of thofe early 
 
 <:i>({)Dew>.tMf./.7.c24.p.722.c.26./).727. Times fcems to have been the fore-mentioned 
 
 ^/eq. 0) Af.Hteron.ub, futr.vid.enam de pap^as^N\io fas ( m^ Eufehius tells us) pretended it to 
 
 Scnft. EccUn ?ap. (m) ul.3.c.3<).p. . 2. ^J'^^ '^^,^,^7 Tradition, mifunderftanding the 
 
 Apoftles difcourfes, and too lightly running away with what they 
 
 meant inamyftical andhidden fenfe. For he was, though a good man, 
 
 yet of no great depth of underflanding, and foeafily miftakenj and yet 
 
 as he obferves, his miftake impofed upon feveral Ecclefiaflical perfons, 
 
 the venerable antiquity of the man recommending the errour to them 
 
 with great advantage. Among which cfpecially were our S. Juflh and 
 
 f « ) Caius ap. Jrentzus^ who held it in an innocent and harmlefs fenfe. 'Tis true {n) Cerin" 
 
 ^iloVimf. ^^^"^ ^"^ ^^^^ followers, mixing it with the Jewijh Dreams and Fables, and 
 
 Connth. ibid, pretending divine Revelations to patronize and countenance it, impro- 
 
 i3ii- c.zyf- ved it to brutiffi and fenfual purpofes, placing it in a ftate of eating and 
 
 ^^^' drinking, and all maner of bodily plcafures and delights. And what 
 
 ufe Heritics of latter times have made of it, and how much they have 
 
 improved and enlarged it, is not my prefent bufinefs to enquire. 
 
 XXIII. CONCERNING the ftate of the foul after this life, he 
 
 (6) Dial cum affirms (0) that the fouls even of the Prophets and righteous men fell under 
 
 Tcr;^ f-333. the power of Damons.^ though how far that power fhould extend, he 
 
 tells us not, grounding his after tion upon no other la/is then the fingle 
 
 , • . inftance
 
 The Life of .S. J u s t i n the Ahirtyr. i 57 
 
 inftancc of i"jM«<-A l)cing rummoncd up by thcinchantmcnts ol the />- 
 
 thonep. Nor docs he aiicrt it to l)cin.CLliarily lo, Iccing he gianti that 
 
 by our hearty endeavours and prayers to God, our louls at the hour 
 
 of their departure may elcape the lei/ure of thoic evil powers. Jo 
 
 this we may add, what he feems (j ) to maintain, That the fouls of good (j) ihtdfii-i. 
 
 men are not received into Heaven till iheKelurrection ; that when liiey 
 
 depart the L^y, tliey remain h- xp^-floi-i m* yo.^^ib') in a better llate, f^)tt/>2ii.c. 
 
 where being gathered within it feh", tlie foul perpetually enjoys what it 
 
 Joved ; but that the fouls ot the unrighteous and the wicked arc thruft 
 
 into a worfe condition, wliere they exjx.'ct the judgment ot thegreat day : 
 
 and he reckons (c) it among the errours of fonu; pretended Clirillians , (c) ibid.f.ioT . 
 
 Hiio denied the Refurret^ion, and atTirmed that their fouls imiTiediately 
 
 after death were taken into Hc-aven. Nor herein did he fland alone, but 
 
 had the almoll unanimous futTrage of primitive Writers voting with lum, 
 
 (</) Jrenteuiy (f ) TertkUian^ f ) Or/fi^en, {g) Hilary^ 
 
 Jtahus bin.tit.iy and indeed who nor, there being a c.i.foii^^confcT.i'hiUc.i.pii (^Homii. 
 general concurrence in this matter, that the fouls of 7'»Lfv,t. joi.pi. ujEiurrat m pjai. 
 the righteous were not upon the dilFoiution prelent- (,; A^'of.dc Ln aS AbU.z^ag.i 3. . tJ. 
 \y translated into Heaven, that is, not admitted to a dil'cn.Mort.c.iof.z^o. ik) Encinnax.xoz. 
 full and pcrfed fruition of the divine prefCnce , "/^>9oT<^3;^''//''/'"-36C»».-.i.cWagi.T. 
 but dct.. mined to certain fecrct and unknown 
 Repofjtorics, where they enjoyed a (late of iinperfeA bledednefs, wait- 
 ing for the accompliihment of it at the general Refurreftion, which in- 
 termediate ftate the)' w ill have defcribed under the notion of Taradijc 
 and Ahiahams Bofom, znd which fome of them make to bea fubterranean 
 Region within the bowels of the Earth. 
 
 X\I V. THE like concurence, though not altogether fo uncontro- 
 lably entertained of the Ancients with our Ju/lin, we may obfervc in his 
 opinion concerning the (.;) Angels^ that God having committed to them (^) Afoi.i.fAt. 
 the: care and fuperintendcncy of this fublunary World, they abufed the 
 power intruded with them, mixing thcmfelves with Women in wanton 
 and fcnfual embraces, of whom they begat a race and poflerity of Da:- 
 mons. An allertion not only intimated by (/) /*/;/- n\r. r^ 1 ,- ,\a , 
 la and (c) JpjephiUy but exprelly owned bv (rf) Pa- ^f.%. [d)Afud /fuir£xfar. CommAit. «» 
 pias (f ) Atherjqpr.iSy ( / ) Clemens Alcxjn<ln»us (i) Apoc^trmA 2. (t) LegAi.pTo chnj}. p 1 7. 
 TertuUuxn, (h) Cypnan (/) Laiiantiia, (k) Sulpitius 'IcuU.faJnhW ;.i 50. (h) D»D,Jc,pl. 
 Sevfruij(l)S. AmhrofeyZnfi many more. That wh.ch Csf habyirv.p.iee. (,) De Ongrrror. i.ix. 
 firft cive birth to tliis opinion (eafily embraced by l^f'}\ ^^^ Sc^r.H.pM.i.f^.i. (i) d» 
 thole \v ho held Angels to be corporeal ) was a 
 mifunderftanding that place, the joxs ofGodfjw the daughters of men that 
 they were fair y a>:d they took them to wife^ and they hare children to them^ 
 the fame hec.ime mighty men^ men of renown. And it more particularly fur- 
 thered the miftake, that many ancient Gjpies of the iV/>/«jg/«r fas is evi- 
 dent trom Fbilo and S. Augulhny and the Kings ancient Alex.ntdrian Ma- 
 nufcript at this day) in Aead of the Sons read the Angels of Gcd^ which 
 the Fathers who generally underftood no Ihlren\, were not able to cor- 
 red. And I doubt not what gave further patronage to this errour, 
 was the Authority of the Book of Enoch { highly valued by many in 
 thofe days ) wherein this iitory was related, as appears from the frag- 
 ments of it ftill extant. 
 
 XXV. I might here alfo infift upon, what fome find fo much fault 
 
 with
 
 158 ^ Th Life of S.} u s T I N the Martyr. 
 
 with in our Alart\)\, his magnifying the power of mans will, which is 
 I notorioully known to have been the current doflrin of the Fathers 
 through all the firfl Ages till the rife of the Pehghm Controverfies , 
 thouph lUU they generaly own ><xe'i' ffaipgiTi, a migiity aniftance ofdi- 
 vine grace torahcup and enable the foul for divine and fpiritual things. 
 U)DUI(^.ciim {a') Ji/Jf/» tells his adverfary that 'its in vain for a man to think rightly to 
 Tryfh.f.^K). undcrftand the mind of the ancient Prophets, unlefs he be afiifted /j-t.' 
 juLfyx?- yi> XapiTT? -f cs^x GiZ , by a mighty grace derived from God. 
 (b) Adv.u^ref. As Well may the dry ground (fays {h) /w;/fz^) produce fruit without rain 
 /.3.e.i9.;.2So. jQ moiften it, as we who at Hrll are like dried flicks, be fruitful unto a 
 good life, without voluntary fliowrs from above, that is, ( as he adds ) 
 -v . . ~ , ^. , ^ , , the lavcr of the Spirit. Clemens of Alexandria 
 i'(,.'TO:^9«,«/f']^| ^7m/£x^f'j,iim<tix- afhrms expreily, that as there is a tree clioice in 
 /^^ajif^nf ol ■}vixvA^^j,7:^bxiix<ie/l@- us, fo all is not placcd in our own power, but 
 ':^^^t:J^li3^:±i that ly grace ur are fa^ed, though not without 
 ^d^ov arrolSiu^n ii ^StKm. ti,! Qv^- good works ; and that to the doing of what is 
 
 f?- Clem Alexan(!:Stromat.l.5^p.5S8. good M^Xr^'- "? ^^oii vp>t6M-V Xae'i S We efpe- 
 
 fdu) «^ ii w^\Wt; jv^/y.^ ri? «>-7T£a dally need the grace of God, a right inltitution, 
 kh3 ■ Jl •76 ^ei,)mf^%jov. x*ei7/'j<3 0&- an honeft temper of mind, and that the Father 
 WthZi f\r'J^ :^.^^'\frT draws to him : and that the to' h rjlv kmi^iou.^, 
 v'-.>(]ov "T^ji ^ ^^^.v n Ki^ ■ -srgcf 3^ the powers ot the will are never able to wing 
 fJ.K,?a. ■f ^^ciof^ ;)5"^/^V- x=2e/?©-, cO- the foul for a due flight for Heaven, without a 
 -f^ W\e)i'^i <ujtIv 'oKKlli. id.ibid. p. 347. mighty portion of grace to affiit it. The myfte- 
 
 ries of Chriflianity (as (c) Origen difcourles againft 
 (c)L'Hp-^^'-Celfui') cannot be duly contemplated without a better afflatus and a 
 
 via. etiamib. „ j- • r / ; ; ■ /■ / . .n 
 
 f. 227. more divine power ; tor as no wan knows ti.e things cj a manja've the fpi- 
 
 rit uf a man that is in hirn^ jo no man knows the things of God^^hut the Spirit of 
 
 God : it being all to no purpofe ( as he elfwhere obferves ; unlefs God 
 
 • , .;iOiJ.'. by his grace does (pwoit^f r to v^ytfj^vi^^v, enlighten 
 
 H£cemvtidivinsgratix,fotentiorutique the underftanding. I add no more but that of 
 
 /ri' S.;y:t;fi7X1«i'!; Jertuman, who alferts, that there is a power of 
 
 <ic/fKr.Tertui. deAnim. c.2i.p. 279. divine grace, ftronger then nature, which has in 
 
 fubje£tion the power of our Free Will. So evi- 
 dent it is, that when the Fathers talk higheft of the <;xTg?«jicr, and the 
 powers of nature, they never intended to exclude and banifh the grace 
 of God. Some other difputable or difallowed opinions may be pro- 
 bably met with in this good mans Writings, but which are moftly nice 
 ■ , and philofophical. And indeed having been brought up under fo many 
 
 .. , .. feveral InflitutionsofPhilofophy, and coming (as moft of the firfl Fathers 
 did) frelh out of the School of Plato^ 'tis the lefs to be wondred at, if 
 the notions which he had there imbibed fluck to him, and he endea- 
 voured, as much as might be, to reconcile the Platonic principles with 
 tlie didates of Chriflianity. 
 
 
 ':,.Vi;. :\ \ 
 
 ■■: ! His 
 
 .•:n ■ ■ ■ 

 
 The Life of S. J LI s T I N tbe JMnrtyr. i ^y 
 
 His Writings. 
 
 Genuine. 
 Far line fis ciA Cracoi. 
 Elenchui^Jeu Oratio aA Graces. 
 Apeloya pro Chrijlunis prima. 
 Apologia pro Cl'rijtunn JeciinAj. 
 Liber Ae fllotunhia Dei y lorfan in 
 
 fine mutilus. 
 P'l.iloj^iiS cunt Tr\phone JuAj:o. 
 EptjiolaaA DiognetHtn. 
 
 Not extant. 
 Liher Ae Aninu. 
 Liler rfaltes Auliu. 
 Contra omt'cs I/.rreJes. 
 Contra Murcionctn. 
 Commentarms in I les.vneron (^cujiis 
 
 memniit Anj/i.i/tiu Sinaita. ) 
 De Rejurredione Carnis tejle Dama- 
 
 Jceno. 
 
 Doubtful. 
 Arijlotelicorum nnarnnA.un Dogma- 
 
 turn eT.'erfio. 
 Epijtola aA Zenam (S Serenum. 
 
 Suppofuitious. 
 
 Qu,rffio<:es &" Refponf. a A Crrrcnr. 
 Qiuclliones Griccanicx , Ae n.ccrpn' 
 
 reoy (£/C. (ff a A eajAem C hrijii.ina 
 
 Rejpiinjiones. 
 Quwjtioniim CXLVI. Refponjio .:</ 
 
 OrthoA \os. 
 Vid. an liic liber fit iclTn ( feJ !n- 
 
 terpolatusj dc quo I'hotiHs hoc 
 
 titulo. 
 Dnlitationum aAir-^ns Rfligi -nem 
 
 fummari^r joint tones. 
 Expofitio t'lAei Ae S. Trinitate. 
 
 The £»^o/ S. J U S T I N Martyr^ Life. 
 
 THE
 
 l6i 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. I R E N ^ U S 
 
 BISHOP of LTONS. 
 
 //« CouHfrey enquireti into. IIU Thikfophical Stuitia.His inflitution hy 
 Papias. Papias who. His education under S. Polycarp. His coming 
 into France, at-d heing made Presbyter of Lyons. Pothinus who ; how 
 
 Y and
 
 1.62 
 
 The Life ^/ S. 1 R E N .t u .s. 
 
 (d)De spirit. S. 
 
 c.29./'.358. 
 
 Tom. 2. 
 
 [b) Epijl. ad 
 
 jheodor.f.i^S, 
 
 7.1. 
 
 and ly ivhom fent into France. The grievous Feifecution there under 
 M. Aurelius. The Letters of the Martyrs to the Bijhop cfKome. Pope 
 Eleutherius guHty of Montanifm. Irenxus fent to Rome. T/m iiriting 
 againji Floriiius .rw^ Blaftus. The martyrdom o/ Pothinus B/Jhopof 
 Lyons, und the cruelty excercijed towards him. Irenxusjucceeds. His 
 qreat diligence in his charge. His oppofnicn of Heretics. The Synods 
 faid to have been held under him to that purpofe. The Gnoftic Herefies 
 fpread in France. Their monflrous Villanies. His confutation of them 
 by word and writing. Variety ofSeHs and Diviftons objetled by the Hea- 
 thens againfl Chriftianity. This largely anfwered by Clemens r/Alexan- 
 dria. Pope ViftorV reviving the controverfee about Eafler. 7 he contefis 
 between him and the Afiatics. Several Synods to determine this matter. 
 Irenxus his moderate interpofal. His Synodical Epiflle to Vi6lor. 7he 
 PerfecHtion under Severus. Its rage about Lyons. Irenxus his Alar- 
 tyrdomy and place of Burial. His Vertues. His induflrious and elabo- 
 rate confutation of the Gnoftics. His file and phrafe. Pliotius his 
 cenfure of his Works. His errour concerning Chrijls Age. Miraculous 
 (rifts and powers common in his time. His Writings. 
 
 JRENyEVS may juftly challenge to go next the 
 Martyr o efyvi Tjif i-rcgrjAwv 5^('o'|y3^©.,as i^a) S. Bafil 
 lliles him,one near to the Jppflles,'wh.ich(b) S. Hie- 
 rom exprefles by being a man of the Apoftolic 
 times. His Originals are fo obfcure that fome 
 difpute has been to what part of the World he 
 belonged , whether Eafl or Wefl , though that lie 
 was a Greek., there can be no juft caule to doubt. 
 The Ancients having not particularly fixed the place of his Nativity, 
 he is generally fuppofed to have been born at Smyrna, or thereabouts. 
 In his youth he wanted not an ingenuous education in the Studies of 
 Philofophy and Humane Learning, whereby he was prepared to be af- 
 terwards an ufeful Inftrument in the Church. His firft inftitution in 
 the Doctrine of Chriftianity was laid under fome of the moft eminent 
 perlbns that then w^ere in the Chriftian Church. S. Hierom (c) makes him 
 .Scholar to F^/ici; Bilhop o^ Hierapolis, who had himfelfconverfed with 
 the Apoftles and their Followers. This Papias (as (d) Irenaus and others 
 
 i^xi^^Zt i^^o""" "s) ^^^'^ ^^^ °^ ^- J^^'"^ Difciplcs ; by whom though EufebiHs 
 (^ apjLujeU.^ underftands not the Apoftle, but one firnamed the Elder, whicli he fcems 
 te^Eieb uit ^° coUeft from a pailage of (f ) Papias himfelf,yet evident it is, that though 
 Papias in that place affirms, that he diligently picked up what Memcnes 
 he could meet with concerning the Apoftles from thole that had atten- 
 ded and followed them, yet he no where denies that he himfelfconver- 
 fed with them. He was (as /) Eufebius charaflers him) a man very lear- 
 lol' ■'^'^^'^'ned and eloquent, and knowing in the Scriptures ; though as (2;ielf- 
 (g) iWc.39./'. where he adds, a^oS'e^ aiM-x-eja m> tov rar, of a very weak andundifcer- 
 "3- ning judgment, efpecially in the more abftrufeand myfterious parrs of 
 
 the Chriftian Doftrine, which eafily betrayed him, and others that fol- 
 lowed him into great errours and miftakes. He wrote five Books enti- 
 (h)StepkGob.x.\Aed, AojtMv KvQ/ayMv oVnynOT?, the explanation of our Lords D/fcoi/r/es, 
 ccxxxii '"^' ^"'^^5 ^^ ^^^ mh)Photius intimates, and the {i)Alexandnn Chronicon cxprefly 
 col. 901 . affirms, died a Martyr, being put to death at Pcrgamus in the Perfecution 
 ('^ ^"- "^-^T under M. Aurelius. He is laid to have trained up many Scholars in 
 
 lymp.Z-^^. hid. '^ •' , 
 
 LM.Aurel..^. "IC 
 
 (c) Loe.citM.
 
 Ihe Life of S. I r e n jeu s. i6^ 
 
 I 
 
 the Chriflian Inllitiitioil, and among the a-ll our //cn.cus. Whicli 
 thouch not improbable, yet wc arc fiire ru)t only from tlic tcflimnnics 
 of (J ) E.ilel'iHi aiul (/; Ihemtoret^ but what is more-, tVom Im c'\ own, tliat (.t)iirxci.i.yc. 
 he was trained up under the tutorage and mllruchon uLS. Vohc.irp Hilhop ?"^ '7°- r 
 of Smsrnj^ and S. "John^ Difciple, from whom he received the feeds ot Jl r 
 the true Apollolic l)o!lrine, and for wliom he had fo great a reverence ^^ i.p>ji-aj. 
 and regard, that he tcx)k a mofl exa>.'^ and particular ncnice of uhatevcry,),''',^''^^'2^'r 
 was memorable in liimevcn to the minuted circumrtances of his con- i^iX^ Hierun. 
 verfation, the memor)' whereof lie prcferved frclh and lively to his dy- ^^^^"/"- '" 
 ing day. 
 
 11. B Y whofc hands he was confecratcd totlie Miniflerics of Reli- 
 gion, as alfo when, and ujxm what occafion he came into //./wtY is not 
 known. Probable it is that he accompanied S. Fo/yurpin his journey 
 to Hontf about the Pjjchal controverfie, \\ here by his and Amcctm his 
 pcrfuafions he might he prevailed with to go for France^ , in fome parts 
 w hereof, and cfpecially about Mjrjfi/Ies^ great numbers of Greeks did 
 rcfidtO then beginning to be over-run with thofc pernicious Herefies 
 Uluch at that time in\aded and diflurbed the ( hurch, that folK- might 
 be helpful and ailifting to ForhiMHS the aged Bilhop oi' Lyons in quelling 
 and fubduing of them. This Pothinus (if we may believe Gregory Bi- f},n,FrarKMb. 
 Ihop of Tours^ who refided fome time in this City with his UncJe N/- r.f.29. 
 cfr/«j Bilhop of it ^ came out of tlie F.if/, and had been difpatchcd hither 
 alfo by S. Folycarp to govern and fujx.'rintend this (Church. If it feem 
 llrange to any how S. Fohcarj/s care came to extend fo far, as to lend a 
 Bilhop into fo remote and diftant parts of the World ; it feems not im- 
 probable to fuppofe, tliat Lyons being a City famous for Commerce and 
 Traffique, fome of its Nferciiants mielit trade to 5wv/7/.7, where being 
 converted by Folycarp^ they might denre of him to fend fome grave and 
 able perfon along with them to plant and propagate the Chriflian Faith 
 in their ou n ( ountry, u hich accordinly tell to Fothinus liis Iharc. But 
 then tliat this muft needs be done by the .-luthority, and ratified by the 
 Decree of the Bilhopof Rome^ a learned man will never be able to con- PJfM.ncJif- 
 vince us, though he offers at three Arguments to make it good : ^^^;Q^\^f'^'dcPrlm.u. 
 I muft needs (ay, and inconcluding, and which rather Ihew tliat hede- " 
 figned thereby to reconcile himfelf to tlie Court of /ftjwd* i^\shofe favour 
 at the time of his writing that Tra^V, he flood in need of, in order to 
 his admilhon to the Bilhoprick of S. Leigcr de Conjerans^ to which he 
 was nominated, and wherein he was delayed by that Court, of?cnded 
 with his late Book De Concordia SaccrAotii Cf? Imperii) than argue the 
 truth of what he afTerts; founfuitable are they to the learning and judg- 
 ment of that great man. But I return to /r£w,f//(. He cametoZ)wy, 
 the Metropolis oiCjllu Celtica^ fituated upon the confluence of the two 
 famous Ri\'crs the Hojn and La Sjohj^ or the ancient Arar , famous 
 among other things for its Temple and Altars, cret^ed to the honour of 
 Augujius at the common charge of all France , w here they held an an- 
 nual folemniry from all parts of tlie Country U[K)n the firfl of Angufl : 
 and upon (rf') this day it was that moft of the Martyrs fuffered in the fol- /^^ ^f^ ^ 
 lowing Perfecution. Thefe Feflival folcmnities were ufually celebrated Ectl.i.^jc.i.f. 
 not only with great contentions for learning and tloquencc, bur with '^^• 
 Sports and Shows, and cfpecially with the bloody conflifls of Gl.1d1.7- 
 tors^ with barbarous ufages, and throwing Malefa>5t-ors to wild Bcafts 
 In the Amphitheatre ; wherein the Martyrs mentioned by Enfebiut bore a 
 
 \' 1 fad
 
 1 6 J. The Life <?/ S. 1 R e n ^ u s. 
 
 fad and milerab!e part. I>er.(Zi'.s being arri\ed at L^otn^ continued fe- 
 vcral years in the ilation oi" a Presbyter, under the care and Govern- 
 ment of FoihiKus^ till a heavy flormarofe upon them. 1-or in the reign 
 of M. Aurelius Antovitrus^ Ant!. Chr. CLXXVII. began a violent Perle- 
 pLf""^t' ''^' cution 07)againA theChriftians, which broke out in all places, but more 
 (lupHdEufeb peculiarly raged in rra>7ce, \a hereof the Churches of L}or.s and Fien 
 ibid p. 1 54^ ' in a (i) Letter to tltem of Ajici and Pl-'ryg/.i, give them an account ,• where 
 J55.£^c. they tell them 'twas impolhble for them exactly to defcribethe brutifh 
 fiercenefs and cruelty of their Enemies, and the feverity of thofe tor- 
 ments which the Martyrs fuflered ; baniflicd from their houfes, and for- 
 bid fo much as to fliew their heads, reproached, beaten, hurried from 
 place to place, plundered, floned, imprifoned, and there treated with 
 all the expreflions of an ungovernable rage and tury, as they particu- 
 {c)Eufeb. tbid. larly relate at large. The occafion (c) of writing this account was a con- 
 es.;. 1 68. troverfie lately raifed in the Afian Churches by Montanits and his fol- 
 lowers, concerning the Proplictic Spirit, to whicli they pretended: for 
 the compofing whereof thefe Churches thought good to lend their judg- 
 ment and opinion in the cafe, adjoyning the Epiflles which feveral of 
 the Martyrs (while in Prifon) had written to thofe Churches about that 
 very matter, all which they annexed to their Commentary about the 
 Martyrs fuf?erings, penned, no doubt, by the hand of Irenxus. 
 
 III. NOR did the Martyrs write only to the xifun Churches, but to 
 Bleutherius Bifhop of Rome about thefe controverfies. And jufl occa- 
 fion there was for it, if ('which is moft probable) this very Ekuthenm was 
 {c) Adv.Prax. infefted with the errours of I\lonta:ii.':s : for (^) TertuUian tells us, that 
 c. i./i.soi. j.j^g Bifhop of Rome did then own and embrace the Prophefles of y)/«;- 
 tant'.s and his two Prophetefles, and upon that account had given Let- 
 ters of Peace to the Churches of A[m and Phrygia^ though Ly the per- 
 fuafions of one Fmxeas he was afterwards prevailed with to revoke 
 them. Where by the way may be obferved, that the infallibility of 
 the Pope was then from home, or fo fafl afleep, that the envious mart 
 (e) Ad Ann. could fow Tares in the very Pontifical Chair it felf This Bifhop (e) Ba- 
 i73.n.iv. yonius will have to be Anketus^ but in all likelihood was our Eleuthenus 
 who in his after-condemnation of the Montanilh followed the exam- 
 if) imntihV^'^ of his (/)Predeceflbrs, (no doubt Soter snd Anketus') who had dif- 
 owned and reje£ted Montanus his Prophefie ; nor can it well be otherwife 
 conceived why the Martyrs fliould fo particularly write to him about 
 {g ) Ad. Ann. it. And whereas (g) Baronins w ould have Pope Ekutherius dead long be- 
 20I.W.IX. fQj.g Jertulium became ^ Montmiifl., becaufeinhis Book againff Htrefies 
 ^''^9f^'''^'^Z'o he ftiles(/')him the Blefled Ekutherius ^z'^ if it were tantamount with cujus 
 p. 21 2. ^ ' memoria ejl in henediclione, nothing was more common than to give that 
 title to eminent perfons while alive , as Ak.xander of Jerufalem calls 
 {i)Eufeb.l.6.c.(i') Clemens -'i/Zcxj^z-'/r/ww; who carried the Letter, the lie fed C/emens, in his 
 rt)/ji'c/er Epiflle to the Church o'i Antioch., and the Clergy o f the Church ot^^ow^ 
 c'anhag.Epift. ftilcs (^) S.Cyprian (then in his retirement) the BleffedPope Cyprian^xn their 
 11 f-S- Letter to them of 6'fl/-//.ugd'. To this Ekutherius then thefe Martyrs dire- 
 cted their Epiftle : For the Martyrs in thofe times had a mighty honour 
 and reverence paid to them, and their fentence in any weighty cafe was 
 always entertained with a jufl efleem and veneration. Thefe Letters 
 (/)£/{/?&.;t.c.4. they fentto Romehyihlrenaus., whom they perfuaded to undertake the 
 journey, and whom they particularly recommended to Ekutherius by a 
 very honourable tcflimony , dcfiring him to receive him not only as 
 
 their
 
 1 be Lijc of S. i K ^ n M u s. 165 
 
 their Brother and Companion, lur as a zealous profclBr ami defender 
 
 ofthit Ktli|;ion which C hnft had ratilxd with his blood. I know 
 
 (rf) MoMJ'. r.i/ois Will not allow that henieui aw'Vualy went this journey, (<«) WimnM 
 
 tliar the Mart)rs indeed had dcfired hini, and he had proniil'ed to un-^^^''''^'''^ 
 
 dtrtjiie it, butthu the heat oltlic I'trlccution coming on, and he I Mug 
 
 fixed m the CiovirnnRnt and rrdideniy over tlui Church, could noi 
 
 bclpared iKrlonally to undergo it. Ikit I'lnce /!/</£^/Kf clearly intimates 
 
 and(/ 1 S.I lierom expiell) al1iinis,ihat the Mai tyrs lent him upon thiser-^^') r^Sctipt. 
 
 rand, 'tiblalell to grant h.s jouine) thither, tlunigh it mull l>e' while he'" """ 
 
 was }et l'ieib}ter, lor lo the) particularly la) hewuiin their KpilUe 
 
 to tile lii'ljop of Homt: And there probably it was that he took inorc 
 
 parricular notice of f-Iorium and Ml.ifhtj u), who being Presh) ters oi the (t) h:^fetik J. 
 
 Church of A'<'///f, wereaSout this time fallen intoihe / jA//;////w;/ Here- ■■■• '3/'7i>- 
 
 fie, rlie liril of whom he hid tormerly known (^) with S. I'ohcarp in .-/z^.;, [a)U ibiJ.c.io 
 
 and noted him for his folt and delicate manners, and to whom after his 
 
 return hon.c, as alio to HLiJiui he wrote FpilUes to convince tliem of 
 
 ih'Jlf novel and dangerous fennments w Inch they had elpoulcd. 
 
 IV. A \ D now the Perfecution at /yowj was daily carried on with a 
 fiercer violence. Vafl numbers had already gone to Heaven through 
 infinite and incxprelfible racks and torments; and tocrown all, e) I'^f'''-^! f'^^[^^,' 
 ma tiieir reverend and aged Bilhop, above ninety )ears old, was Icized .tp'. Eu;A:uI». 
 in order to his l)eing fent the fame way. Age and ficknefs liad rendred/"/^'-' /•• ' 59 
 him fo infirm and weak, that he was hardly able to crawl to his execu- 
 tion. But he hid a vigorous and Iprightly foul in a decaiedand ruinous 
 b(xly, and iiis great delire to give thehighefl teflimony to his Hel gion, 
 and tlut Chrift might triumph in lus Martyrdom, added new lite and 
 fpint to him, Ikmg apprehended by the Otficers, he was brought be- 
 fore the Public Tribunal, the Magillrates of the City following alter, and 
 the common People giving fuch loud and joyfull acclamations, as if our 
 Lord himfeh had l)een le^din^ to execution. The Governour prefently 
 asked him, Who the GcxI ot the ( hnflians was? Which he knowing 
 to be a captious and farcaflic qucftion, returned no other anfucr then 
 M'ert thou worthy^ thou jhonldjl know. lnftru:fion takes hold only ot 
 the humble and obedient ear. Truth is ufually loft by being expofed 
 to tlie \itious and fcornful : 'tis in vain to hold a Candle either to the 
 I3luid that cannot , or to them that ihut their 
 
 eyes, and will not fee : there is a reverence due Kit^ii i 'a6( rsi i^Ct^f*-'oy*(j^i>"^<, 
 to the Principles of Religion that obliges us not pl.^li^C^.^ofac^.^JcX.;*". 
 to cjjt }' earls before Swiue Ujl they trample them p. 169. 
 UMfier their feet^ an J turn agaiH anA retiti us. Hcre- 
 U}X)n without any reverence to his age, or fo much as refpcil to huma- 
 nity It felf, he was rudely dragged away, und unmercifully beaten, they 
 that were near, kicking him with their feet, andftriking him with their 
 fills J they that were farther olf, throwing at him what they could 
 meet With, making whatfcx.'\er came next to hand tho inftruments of 
 their fury : every man looking upon it as impious and piacular , 
 not to do fometlung that might tellifie his petulant fcorn and rage 
 aginft him. For by this means they thouglit to revenge the c] nrrel 
 ol their gads. But their favage cruelty thought it too much kindnefs 
 todi;"patch him at once, it ishketluy intended him a fecond Tr.igedy, 
 which if fo. Heaven difipointcd their defigns. For being taken up 
 With fcaice fo much breath as would entitle lum toUve, he was tlirown 
 
 into
 
 i66 The Life ^/ S. I R e n ^ u s. 
 
 into the Prifon , where two days after he resigned up his foul to 
 God. 
 
 V. T H E Church of Lyons being thus deprived of its venerable 
 Guide, none could Hand fairer for the Chair then Irenam^ a perfon ho- 
 noured and admired by all, who fucceeded accordingly about the year 
 CLXXIX. in a troublefom and tempefluous time. But he was a wife 
 and skilful Pilot, and fleered the Ship whith a prudent Condu£b. And 
 need enough there was both of his courage and his conduft ; for the 
 Church at this time was not only aflaulted by Enemies from witliout , 
 but undermined and betraied by Herefies within. The attempts of 
 the one he endured with meeknefs and patience, M'hile he endeavoured 
 to prevent the infe<3-ion and poifon of the other by a diligent and vigi- 
 lant circumfpeftion, difcovering their perfons, laying open their defigns, 
 confuting and condemning their errours, fo that their folly was made 
 (a) Edtt. Ar- mariifejt unto all. The Author of the ancient {a) Symdkon publilhed by 
 gmt. i(>oi .\. pjipptis^ tells US of a Provincial Synod held at Lyons by //w^w, where 
 ^'*^- ^- with the afliftance and fuffrage of twelve other Biihops he condemned 
 
 the Herefies of Falentinus, Marcion, BaJUides, and the refl: of that Anti- 
 chriftian crew. Whence he derived this intelligence, I know not, it not 
 being mentioned by any other of the Ancients. However the thing it 
 felf is not improbable, Irenaus his zeal againft that fort of men engaging 
 him to oppofe them both by word and writing, and efpecially when 
 'tis remembred what he himfelf informs us of, that they had invaded his- 
 own Province, and were come home to his very door. For having gi- 
 ven us an account of Marcus, one of thofe Gnoftk Herefiarchs, and his 
 follo\\'crs. their beaflly and licentious practices, and by what ludicrous 
 and fenflefs Arts , what Magic and hellifli Rites they were wont ta 
 ^ enfnare and initiate their feduced Profelytes, he tells us {h)^ tliey were 
 
 / i.f. 9!f72 come into the Countries round him, all along the Roan ^ wliere they 
 ■vid Hieron. generally prevailed (which feems to have been obferved as a Maxim 
 Tft^T'^"' ^"'^ ^^^ principle by all Authors of Sects) upon the weaker Sex, cor- 
 rupting their minds, and debauching their bodies, whofe cauterized 
 confciences being afterguards awakened, fome of them made public con- 
 felTion of tlieir crimes, others though deferting their Party, were aiha- 
 med to return to the Church, while others made a defperateand total 
 Apoftafie from any pretences to the Faith. With fome of thefe Ring- 
 leaders (c) Lrenaus had perfonally encountred,and read the Books of others, 
 {c) ?Taf.adlib. which gave him occafion (what the defires of many had importuned 
 him to undertake") to fet upon that elaborate Work agahijt Herefies ^ 
 wherein he has fully difplayed their wild and phantaftic principles, their 
 brutilh and abominable pra6fices, and with fuch infinite pains endea- 
 voured to refute them : though indeed fo prodigioufly extravagant, fo 
 utterly irreconcileable were they toany principles of fober reafon, that 
 (d)uki.c.ult. as he himfelf (d) obferves, it was Viftory enough over them, only to dif- 
 f '39- cover and deteft them. This Work he compofed in the time of Eleu- 
 
 (c) Lth.-^x.-^.p. therius Bilhop of Rome^zs is evident from his Catalogue {e) of the Biihops 
 2-iVd ap.Bij: oi that See,ending in iT/ew/Z^fr/wj-, the twelfth fucceliive Bilhop, who did 
 '•'•'•^•^•'7'v/'f>7pofrefs the place. 
 
 VI. AND indeed it was but time for lrenaus and the refl of the wife 
 and holy Biihops of thofe days to beflir themfclves, grievous iVohes ha- 
 ving entered in, and made havock of the flock. The field of the Church 
 was miferably over-run with tares, which did not only endanger the 
 
 choaking
 
 ^Ihe Life of S. I k r; n jv. u s. • 1^7 
 
 clioakin^ of Ikligioii within the rhurcli , Liit obflriut the plinting 
 and proivi^.uin^ the Faith among thcni that 'Acre witlioiit. .\uthing 
 hciiig inyrc commonly oljc:tcd againft the truth and divinity of the 
 ( hrillian Kclig.on , then that they \\ere rent and torn into lb many 
 ■Schifins and Heitfics. (./) S. Chmens of aIcsmiHih particularl) cncoun- (■•}fi!rottiit.i.f. 
 ters this exception, Ibmc of whofe excellent realbnings are to this ellecl-.^''^' 
 The firll thing ^lays hcO they charge upon us, and pretend why they 
 , cannot embrace the laith, is the di\errity of ,Se(fts that are among us, 
 , truth king delayed and neglected, while iomeallert one thing and lome 
 another. To v\hich he anluers, that there were various Sects and I'ar- 
 ties both among the Jews^ and the Plulofophcrsof the Gentiles^ and yet 
 no m:m thouglit this a fufficient rcafon why they Ihould ccafe to fludy 
 I'hilofophy, or adhere to the 'jenilh Rites and Difcipline : that our 
 I ord had toretold, that Krrours would (pring up with Truth, like Tares 
 growing up with the Wheat, and that therefore 'twas no wonder if it 
 accorduigly came to pafs, and tliat we ought not to be wanting to our 
 duty, Ixcaufe others call oil theirs, but rather flick cloler to them u ho 
 continue conflant in the profcllion of the Truth : that a mind didafed 
 and dillemjx.'red with l-'.rrour and Idolatry, ought no more to be dif- 
 couraged tVom complying with an Inflitution tjiat will cure it, b)' reafon 
 of lome diflerences and divifions that are in it, then a fick man uould 
 refufe to take any Medicines, becaufe of tjie diflerent opinions that arc 
 among Phyfitians, and that they do not all u(c the fame Prefcriptions : 
 that the Apoflle hath told us,that there mull Ic l.ciijws^th.it they th.it .ire 
 ijppm'ed t/i.iY Le tturfe ivjn/jejl, tliat the)' heartil)' entertain the ( hriflian 
 Doitrin, improve and prelevere in Faith and a iioly Lite .-that if Truth 
 be dilhcult to be difcerned ,yet the finding it out u ill abundantly rccom- 
 pcnce the trouble and the labour : that a wile man uould not refufe to 
 eat of fruit, becaufe he mull take a little pains to difcovcr what is ripe 
 and real, from that which is only painted and counterfeit : Shall the Tra- 
 veller reli)Ke not to go his journey becaufe there are a great many ways 
 thatcrofs and thwart the common Road, and not rather enquire wliich 
 is the plain and Kings High-way ? or the Husbandman refule to till his 
 ground , becaufe ^\'eedsgrow up together with the Plants ? We ought 
 rather to make thefe differences an argument and incentive the more 
 accurately to examine Truth tiom Fallhooil, and Realities from Preten- 
 ces, that cfcaping the fnares that are plaufibly laid, we may attain cU b^- 
 yiujif T>i< jyJui bjjn aA»>«'a', to the knowledge of that which is really 
 truth indeed, and which is not hard to find, of them that fincerely feek 
 it. liut to return back to /ro/ivus. 
 
 Vlf. HAVING palTed over the times of the Em|->crour Conmofiiis (the 
 only honour of whofe Reign was, that he created no great diflurbance 
 to the Chriflians, being othcrwife a moft debauched and dillblute Prince, 
 in whom the Viccsof all hisPrcdeccllbrsfeemed to meet as in one Com- 
 mon-Scwcr) Elcuthcrhis died, and fidcr fucceeded in the See of Rome. 
 A man furious and intemperate, impatient of contradiction, and who 
 let loofe the Reins to an imjx)rtant and ungovernable Pallion. He re- 
 vived the Controverfie about the celebration of /Tj/Zer, and endea- 
 voured im|x:rioufly to impofe the/fwu« Cuflom, of kerping iron the 
 next Lords day after the Jeu-ijh Pafsover, upon the Churches of the 
 Teller Aji.t^ and thofe who obferved the contrary ul'agc ; and becaufe 
 tliey would not yield, rallily thundrcd out an Excommunication againft 
 
 them,
 
 
 168 ' W) Ll\e ^/' S. 1 R E N iE u s. 
 
 WL//'.5.r.24. them, not ( ly endeavouring, but as {ayEnJelhis explains it in the fbl- ' 
 
 f- '92- lowing wor i, aftjally profcribing and pronouncing them cut off from 
 
 the Comm lion of Church. The Ajuuks Utrlc regarding the fierce 
 
 thrcatnings rom Rome, under the conduci: cf rplycratesVs\{\io\^ oi Ephe- 
 
 fiis ftood th' r ground, juflifying their obferving it upon the fourteenth 
 
 day after thc'-^fipearance of the Moon, let it faJl upon what day of the 
 
 Week it would, after the rule of the '^emjh Pafsover, and this by con- 
 
 ftant Tradition , and uninterrupted ufage derived from 8. John and \ 
 
 S. rh'ilip the Apoftles, S. Folycarp and feveral others to that very day. All ' 
 
 which he told Pope Viicor^ but prevailed nothing (as w hat will fatisfie a 
 
 wilful and padionate mind .-) to prevent his rending the Church in funder. 
 
 {h)Eufcb.ihid. For theCompofuie of this unhappy Schifm(^) Synods were called in fe- 
 
 c. z-^.p. 190. yei-ai places, as befides one at Kome, one in Palefiine under Iheoplnlm 
 
 Biihop of CiCJareaFaleftina, and Narc'/p.s Bifliop of Jerufalem, another 
 
 in Pof/fiis under Fulnias, and many more in other places, who were willing 
 
 (c)ihidc2i t ^^ lend their hands tow ard the quenching of the common Flame, (Owho 
 
 192. all wrote to ^/^/o/- fliarply reproving liim, and advifing him rather to 
 
 mind what concerned the Peace of the Church, and the love and unity 
 
 of Chriftians among one another. And among the refl. our Irenccus (who 
 
 as Fnfehius obfervcs, fuly anfwercd his name in \\ispeaceMe and peace- 
 
 (d) Ibid c 2- p "taking temper convened a (//', Synod of the Churches 0^ France under his 
 
 i^. "' '' 'jurildiftion, where with thirteen Bilhops befides himfelf i^ fays the fore- 
 
 , \njL- r mentioned (e) Sjncdico}!) he confidered and determined of this matter. In 
 
 e ijupr.f. ^j^^^g name he wrote a Synodical Epifi;le to Pope J] Filhr^ wherein he 
 
 (f) iliid.c.z/i,.f. told him that they agreed with him in the main of the Controverfie, but 
 ''^* withall duly and gravely advifed him to take heed how he excommunica- 
 ted whole Churches for obferving the ancient Cuftoms derived down 
 to them from their Anceflors : that there was as little agreement in the 
 manner of the Freparatory Fad before Eafter , as in the day it felf , 
 fome thinking that they were to fail but one day, (probably he means 
 of the great or folemn week others two, others more, and fome mea- 
 furing the time by a continued faft of forty hours (whether in memory 
 of Chrifts lying fo long in the Grave, or in imitation of his forty days 
 Faft in the Wildernefs, I know not) and that this variety was of long 
 ftarding, and had crept into feveral places, while the Governours of the 
 Church took lefs care about thefe different Cuftoms, who yet main- 
 tained a fincereand mutual love and peace towards one another, a thing 
 pracf ifed by all his own pious Predecellbrs, puting him in mind of Ani- 
 cetus and Folycarp^ who though they could not fo far convince each 
 other as to lay afide their different ufages, did yet mutually embrace , 
 orderly receive the Communion together and peaceably part from one 
 another. And Letters to the fame effect he wrote to feveral other 
 Bifliops for allaying the difference thus unhappily ftarted in the 
 Church. 
 
 VIII. T FI E calm and quiet days which the Church had for fome 
 years of late enjoyed, now expired, and the wind changed into a more 
 ftormy quarter, Severus the Emperour hitherto favourable, began a 
 bitter and bloody Perfecution againft the Chriftians , profecuted with 
 great fcverity in all parts of the Empire. Flimfelf had heretofore go- 
 
 (g) MSpmi- verned (g) this very Province of Ljofis, and probably had taken peculiar 
 an.mvit.Sever. notice of Iremus, and the flouriiliing ifate of the Church in that City, 
 ■f- 3-^335. jjj^j might therefore give more particular Orders for the proceeding 
 
 aganilt:
 
 The Life of S. 1 r b n ;e u s. 169 
 
 againdthcm in tlus place. The Pcrftcuiion, tliat in other parts picked 
 out fomc lew to make them exemplary here fervedall aHkc-, and went 
 througli with the Work, hor In ^/'^Grr^i^rv of Joun^ and the ancient {j)Hij}Vrdn:. 
 (^i) M.irtyruU^iei inform uv, that IrouL-ia having Ix.'en prepared by Icvcnl • 'f 29. 
 torments, was at length put tod wthCbeh-aded fay the 6>ff ^j, i r ) hkely )^i„^'^y;^ 
 enough^ and together with him almoll all tlip ( hriflians of that vail XXVmi. a- 
 populous City, whole numbers could not Ix: reckoned up, \'o tliat t'lc ^'^.^^^''YI^ 
 ^treetsol theCity llowcd with the blood otChnftians. Hn Body was ,v) Afoi.c»*f. 
 taken up by Zach^xriiv his Presbyter, and buried in a Vault, laid between i* »>'• "^ 
 EfifodtM and /^lex.wdcr^ uho had fullered in the Perfecution under '^>'*"- 
 Antoninus. It is not cafic to allign the certain date of his Martyrdom, 
 which may with almort equal probability be referred to a double |x;- 
 riod, either to the lime of that bloudy Kdict which Scvcnu publilhed 
 againfl: theChriftians about tlie tenth year of his reign, Ann. Chr. CC\]. 
 or to his e\ix;dltion into Brir.un, An». Chr. CCVIlf. when lie took 
 Lyons in his way , and might fee execution done with his own e\es. 
 And indtxd the vail numbers that are there fa id to have fuffered, agree 
 well enough with the temper of that fierce and cruel Prince, who had 
 conceived before a particular dilplcafurc againft the Citizens of Ljons^ 
 and a worle againll the C_ hriflians there. 
 
 IX. H t was a true lo\ er of God, and of the fouls of men, for the 
 promoting whole liappinefs he thought no dangers or difficulties to be 
 great ; he fcrupled not to leave his own Country , to take fo rrouble- 
 iomand tedious a journey, and in Head of the fmooth and polite man- 
 ners of the Ea/larn Nations to fix his dwelling among a People of a 
 wild and favagc temper, and whom he mufl convert to civility, before 
 he gained them to Religion. Nor was it the leaft part of his trouble 
 (as himfelf ((-^plainly intimates that he was forced to learn the Language 
 of the C ountry, a rugged and ( as he calls it ) barbarous Dialefl: before 
 he could do any good u}")on them. All which and a great deal more, he 
 chcarfully undervvenr, that he might be lerviceablc to the great interefls 
 of men. And bccaufe he knew that nothing ufually more hinders the 
 progrefs ofPietv, than to have mens minds vitiated and depraved with 
 ialfe and corrupt Notions and Principles, and that nothing could more 
 cxpolc the Chriflian Religion to the fcorn and contempt of wife and 
 difcerning men, then the wild Schemes of thofe abfurd and ridiculous 
 opinions that were then fet on foot, therefore he fct himfelf with all 
 imaginable induftry to op|x>fe them, reading over all their Writings, 
 conlidering and unravelling all their principles with incomparable pa- 
 tience as well as diligence,whence he is deferx'edly filled by / Tertu!Iijn^(f)Adv. v*- 
 Omnium fiodrmarum cnrinlijj:mus explorator.^ the mofl curious fearcher ^'- 5/251' 
 into all kinds of Doclrines. In tiiefuccefeful managcry whereof he was 
 greatly advantaged by the natural jcumcn and fubtlety of his parts, and 
 thofe Studies of Philofophy and Human Literature, of wliich he had 
 made himfelf M.ifter in his younger days, fufficient foot-fleps whereof 
 appear in the Writings which he left behind him. For bclldes his Fpi- 
 ftles, he wrote many \''olums,( though he* that tells us that he com\->o- H'tUterrCtm. 
 fed an Ecclefiaflical Hiflory , which Enfehius made ufe of, reckons up '"^' v-hdMj. 
 one more than ever he wrote, and doubtlefs miflook it for his Work'"""^^' 
 AdvcrjHs H.crcjes ) which are all lofl, except his five Books agjinji Here- 
 fies ., intituled ancicntiv Peg,* f^if;^ x. dizJpor^i ■? ^^^hnyiv ^cwt^ok, 
 77'<f Confutation and Suhverficn of h'nmvledjie fjlfly fo calledy i. e.of Cncfh- 
 
 Z f//w,
 
 1 70 The Life ^/ S. I r e n ^. u s. 
 
 cifm, thofe abftrufc and myflical Heretics pretending that all fublime 
 and excellent knowledge dwelt with them. What his proper flile and 
 phrafe was in thefe Books is not eafily guelTed, the tar greateft part of 
 the Original Creek being wanting ( the conjeclurc of tliofc who will 
 have them originally penned in l.attve is not w^orth the mentioning) 
 probably it wasfimple and unafTe^led, vulgar and ordinary, cmbaled, 
 Lk. citat. it is like and he feems to confefs as much, with the natural Language of 
 the Country where he lived, nor had he Audied the Arts of Khetoric, 
 the ornaments of Speech, or had any skill in the elaborate methods and 
 *Prj:fat.ut artifices of perfuafion, as he modeftly * apologizes for himfelf How- 
 •^■'"'" ever his Difcourfes are grave and well digeiled, and ( as far as the Argu- 
 
 ment he manages would admit ) clear and perfpicuous, in all which he 
 betrays a mighty zeal, and a fpirit prepared for Martyrdom. For the 
 iPraf.tniraii. Martyrs ( as t Ei\ifnius truly notes ) have a certain ferious, ftrenuouSjand 
 
 mafculineway of writing beyond other men. 
 
 *CoJ.cxx. X. AS for his Works themfelves *Phot7us thus cenfures them, that 
 
 col. 301. in fome of them the accuracy of truth in Ecclefiaftic Dodfrines is fophi- 
 
 flicated vi^a Mytmoii^ with falfe and fpurious reafonings, which ought 
 
 to be taken notice of In the Books yet extant there are fome aflertions, 
 
 that will not bear a flrifV rigorous examination, the principal whereof are 
 
 fuch as we have already remarked in the life of Jujiin Martyr^ the reft 
 
 are of an inferiour and more inconfiderable notice. As for his affirm-^ 
 
 •t AdvHieref. ing that our Lord was near f j^/rK j-^-^?/-^ of age at the time of his public 
 
 /.2.C.39.C.I92. Miniftry, it was an errour into which he was betrayed partly from a falfe 
 
 (^ i,o.iUd. fuppofition, that our Lord muft beof a more mature and elderly Age, 
 
 that fo he might deliver his do6f rine with the greater authority ; partly 
 
 from a miftaken report ( which he had fomewhere picked up, and it 
 
 may be from his Mafter Fapim ) that S. John and the reft of the Apoftles 
 
 had fo affirmed and taught it ; and partly out of oppofition to his ad- 
 
 verfanes, who maintained that our Saviour ftaid no longer upon earth 
 
 than till the thirty firft year of his age ; againft whom the eagernefs of 
 
 difputation tempted him to make good his aflertion from any plauTible 
 
 pretence, and to take the hint ( though his impetus^ and the defire of 
 
 profecuting his Argument would not give his thoughts leave to cool, 
 
 and take the place mto fober confideration ) from that queftion of the 
 
 Jews to Chrift, thou art not yet Jifty years old^ and hajl thou feen Abraham ? 
 
 whence in tranfitu he took it for granted that the Jews had fome ground 
 
 for what they faid, and that he muft be near that age. 
 
 XI. HIS care to have his Writings derived pure and uncorrupted to 
 poflerity was great and admirable, adding to his Book Peg/ oySha.S'i^^ 
 * At.Eufeb.H.t.\\\s{o\evan and religious obteftation; * I adjure thee, whoever thou art 
 Eccl I. ^.c. 20. ffj^f /7W/ tranfcrihe this Book, by our Lord J ejus Chrijt, and by his glo- 
 rious coming, wherein he fha/l judge the quick and the dead, that thou com- 
 pare what thou tranfcribejt, and diligently corretl it by the Copy from whence 
 thou tranfcribeft it, and that thou likewife tranfcribe this adjuration, and 
 annex it to thy Copy. And well had it been with the ancient Writers 
 of the Church, had their Books been treated with this care and reve- 
 rence: more of them had been conveyed down to us , at leaft thofe few 
 that are, had arrived more found and unpolluted. I note no more 
 , - (and it iswhatZiw/f-^/wf long fince thought worth taking notice of) than 
 I2.c.57.^2i8. that in his time miraculous gifts and powers were very common in the 
 iss af.Eujcbi Church. For fo he t tells us, tliat Ibme expelled and caft out Devils,
 
 The Life of S. I ^ E N Ai u s. 
 
 m 
 
 tlic pcrfunv often embracing (.liriflianity upon it ; others had Vifioni 
 and Revelations, and foretold things to come ; lomc fpake all manner 
 of I anguages, and as occal'ion was.difcovercd mens thoughts and I'ecrtt 
 puriKJles, and expountled themyflenes and deep things ot (jod ; others 
 miraculoully healed the Tick, and by laying their hands u[>on them reflo- 
 rcd their health, and many who railed the dead, the pcrfons fo raifed 
 li\ing among them many years after. The Gifts ( as he ffx-aks ^ wliich 
 God in the name of our crucified Lord tlien bellowed ujxjn tlie Church 
 being innumerable, all which they fincerely and freely improved to 
 the great advantage and Ix-'nefit of the World. Whence with jufl rea- 
 I'on he urges the truth of our Religion in general, and ho'^v much ad- 
 vantage true Chrillians had to triuinpli over all thofelmpoftors and Se- 
 ducers, who Iheltered themfelves under the venerable Title of being 
 Chriflians. 
 
 His Writings. 
 
 Extant. 
 Adjcrfus Ilxrejes^ 
 
 feu 
 De rtfutatione (!! everfwne faljie 
 JcieMtuCy Libri V. 
 
 Not extant. 
 
 LiheSus de fcknt'u advcrfus Gentes. 
 Demunjhjtio Jpojlolna: prtcdtcjtiO' 
 HL<y ad Marcunum jr.it rem. 
 
 Lther de Ogdoade. 
 
 Epiflola ad BLjtum de Schifmate. 
 
 Ad Hortnum de Ahnarch/j^ 
 
 fcu, 
 Quod Deus tioH fit conditor malty 
 
 Epijtola. 
 Ad f^tdorem Epijcopum Romanum de 
 
 Pafchjte, Epiflola. 
 Ad varios Epijcopos de eadem re^ 
 
 Epiftolar plurcs. 
 Fariorum Tratlatuum Liber. 
 
 The End o/i'. IREN^US'f Ufe, 
 
 Z 2 
 
 THE
 
 
 ^^i.•;^^ •\aV.^.;:') 
 
 t'j\ m-..~ 
 
 

 
 173 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. THEOPHILUS 
 
 BISHOP of ANTIOCH. 
 
 S, THEOPHILUS ANTIOCffENl/S.U 
 
 n-e treat ohfcurity cj his Origifuh. //" U'JrHerl antt ,H?,e>mus FMcation, 
 a^rlnaJal parts. An account of hts Conver/wH to Chnjiun.t,, .nd the 
 iloHS indHciH^him thcrcnnto, colUiUd out of ha own Wnttngu His 
 
 tea.
 
 1 74 The Life /?/S. T h e o p h i l u s. 
 
 fcruphug the Doclrhie of the Rejurrediott. The great dif.culty vj enter- 
 tainhg that Frhiciple. Synefius his cafe. Theophilus his conquering 
 this ohjettion. His great jatisjatlion in the Chrijiian Religion. His ele- 
 Hion to the Bijhopric cf Antioch. His defne to convert Aulol) cus, 
 Autclicus who. His mighty prejudice againjl Chriftianity. Theophi- 
 lus his Ufidertaking him^ and his free and impartial debating the cafe 
 with him. His excellent menage of the controverfie. His vigorous op- 
 pofing the Herefies of thofe tirnes. His Books againft Marcion and Her- 
 mogenes. Hu death., and the time of it. S. Hierom'i Charathrof his 
 Works. His Writings. 
 
 few notices concerning this venerable Bifliop, 
 yet perhaps it may not be unacceptable to the 
 Reader to pick up that little which may be 
 found. The miftake is not worth contuting 
 and fcarce deferves mentioning, that makes 
 him the fame with that Theophilus of Antioch^ 
 to whom S. Luke dedicates his Evangelical 
 Writings, fo great the diftance of time (^ it there 
 were nothing more) between them. Whether he was born at Antioch 
 is uncertain : but where-ever he was born, his Parents w ere Gentiles, 
 by whom he was brought up in the common Rites of that Religion that 
 then governed the World. They gave him all the accomplifhments of 
 a learned and liberal Education, and vaft improvements he m.ade in the 
 progrefs of his Studies, fo that he was throughly veried in the Writings 
 of all the great Mailers of Learning and Philofophy in the Heathen 
 World : which being fet off with a quick and a pleafant wit ( as appears 
 from his Difputes againft the Gentiles ) rendred him a man of no inconfi- 
 derable note and account among them. 
 
 II. WHEN or by what means converted to Chriftianity, is impolli- 
 ble particularly to determine : thus much only may be gathered from 
 the Difcourfes which he left behind him. Being a man of an inquifitive 
 temper, and doubtlefs of a very honeft mind, he gave up himfelf to a 
 more free and impartial fearch into the nature and Uate of things. He 
 found that the account of things which that Religion gave, wherein 
 he was then engaged , was altogether unlatisfadory, that the ftories of 
 their gods were abfurd and frivolous, and fome of them prophane and 
 impious, that their Rites of Worihip were triffling and ridiculous ; he 
 confidered the feveral parts of the Creation, and that excellent provi- 
 dence that governed the World , wherein he eafily difcerned the plain 
 notices of a wife and omnipotent Being, and that God had purpofely 
 difpofed things thus , that his Grandeur and Majefty might appear to 
 all. Accordingly he direfls his friend to this method of convidtion, as 
 that which doubtlefs he had found moft fuccefsful and farisfadtory to 
 *AdAutciyc. himfelf. He bids ''him furvey and confider the Works of God, the vi- 
 /, i.f7 2. cillitude and alteration of times according to their proper leafons, the 
 revolutions of the heavenly bodies, the wifely eftablilhed courfe of the 
 Elements, the beautiful order and difpofition of Nights and Days, and 
 Months and Years , the pleafant and admirable variety of Seeds, Plants, 
 and Fruits, the manifold generations of Beafts, Birds, Creeping things, 
 Fiilies, and the Inhabitants of the Watery Regions ; the prudent inftinft 
 
 ■ by
 
 The Life of S. T H E o p n 1 L u s. 175 
 
 by which all thd'c Creatures arc excited to prcfervc their kind, and nou- 
 rilh their young, andtlut not tor their own advantage, but tor the nc- 
 teffity and pleature of manlvind, God by a wife and lecret Providence 
 having foordained, that all things Ihould K- m Tabjeilion unto man. 
 And indeed lollrctngrly was he ravilhcd with the conl'ideration ot thii 
 Argument, that he protiLl'es *, that no man is able duly to defcribc the •ihidlz.fv- 
 fingular Order and Oeconomy ot' the Creation, no though he liad a 
 thouland mouths, and as many tongues, and were to live m the World 
 a thoufand years, 2^ 'td vgvCx?Ao>' p*'y*J?i25-, jo t 'tj^Ztov r ^jv^ioAnQt^^ 
 io incomprehenfibly great anduntathoinaljje is that Divine Wifdom that 
 Ihines in the Works ot' the ( reation. Thus prepared lie feems to have 
 betaken himfelt ( and to tliis alio he advifes .-lutulycus t ) to tlu; confide- ^ j^^j , , ,c 
 ration of other Volums, the IJooks that contained tlie Religion ot the i". 
 Chriftians,elpecially the writings of the Prophets, and to have weighed 
 the importance of their Revelations, the variety of the pcrlons, the 
 meannefs and obfcurity of their education, their exa^it harmony and 
 agreement, the certainty of their predictions, and how accurately tlie 
 prophecy and the event met together; fo that (as he adds*) whoever "/W.;!. 112. 
 would but ferioufly apply himlclf to the fludy of them, had a way ready 
 open to come to t!\e exaslb knowledge of the truth. 
 
 III. O N K thing there was, which he himlelf t teems to intimate, did tiW. 1 f.^^. 
 more cfpccially obltruiV liis full compliance with the Cliri(\ian Dodrin, 
 the belief of the Refurre^lion. He had been brought up in the Schools 
 of Philolbphy, where he had been taught that tVom a privation of life 
 there can be no return to the|x)nc(Iionof it; it is like lie could not con- 
 ceive how mens fcattered duft alter fo many Ages could be recoUe^lcd, 
 and built up again into the fame bodies. Indeed there is fcarce any 
 Principle of the Cliriftian Faith, that generally met with more oppofi- 
 tion from the wife and the learned, and which was more ditlicultiy ad- 
 mitted into their Creed. When S.Fjifl preached to the Philofophers 
 at Atl.ois , while he told tliem of a judgment to come, they made no 
 fcruple to give it entertainment, it being a principle evident by natural 
 light, till he difcourfed of a future Refurrcction: and this they rejected 
 with contempt and fcorn, jnri nhat they heard of the reJurredtoH of the Adi 17.32. 
 dejd^Jomc mocked; and tlie mod grave and fobcr took time to confider 
 of it ; others fjidj ivc- nil! hejr thee again rf thn matter. And Sjhc/ius 
 himfelf, that great Philofopher, after hb being baptized into the Ciiri- 
 llian Religion, when courted by Theophilm of Alexattdna to take upon 
 him the Bilhopric of Pto!cm.r..<, would not yield " till he had publicly "Smef.Epi/i. 
 entered his dilTent tothedoilrine of the Refurre^Hrion, at leafl as to the ^(^,H^i^i 
 common explication of the Article: he looked uypon it as Uq^vti :^ /.ix.15/1.273. 
 <tTtp:»T.i , as containing a kind of facred and inetfablc myflery in it, 
 but could not comply with the vulgar and received opinions ; being 
 willing probably to admit it, if he might explain it according to the 
 principles of Philofophy, and after the Platonic mode. Though why 
 the credibility of tliis .Article lliould ftick with any, that own a Being 
 of Infinite Power, I lee not: it being exjually eafie to Omnipotence 
 (as + Athenagnorih and others difcourfe upon this .Argument ) to reflore \DtHtfuT. 
 our fcattered parts, and combine them again into the lame Mats, as it '"•^'•?-43- 
 was at firft to create them out of nothing. But to return to our Thco- 
 fhilks. By a frequent rcllcction * upon thofe many tliadovis of a Rcfur- •Lxfu^xu 
 rcclion which God had impretlcd upon the courfe of Nature, and the 
 
 (landing
 
 1 7^ The Life ^/^ S. T h e o p h i l u s. 
 
 ftanding F/'^«ow£'w of Divine Providence, he conquered this obje£l ion, 
 
 efpecially after he had converfed with, and embraced the holy Volums, 
 
 wherein thefe things uere fo pofitively declared and publiihed. And 
 
 thus he became a Chriftian, being baffled and difappointed in all other 
 
 *L«i. 2.».93, refuges, he took fanfluary in the Church, which (as himfelfexprefles it * ) 
 
 94« . God has fet in the World, like an Illand in the midfl: of tiie Sea, into 
 
 whofe fafe and convenient Harbours the lovers of truth might fly, and 
 
 all thofe who defired to be faved , and to efcape the judgment and the 
 
 iVid I I wrath to come. And glad he was that he t ^^'as got thither, rejoycing 
 
 f.6^.' ' that he borethenameof a Chriftian, i^ ©£o(p(Af* ocohc, that name that 
 
 was fo dear to God, how much foever otherwife defpifed and fcorned 
 
 c- . : by an ignorant and evil Age. 
 
 IV. A B O U T the year * CLXIX. ( t Eutychim refers it to the fix- 
 «i"£tf ^'^''"' ^^eenth year of Antoninus his reign ) or rather the year before, his Pre- 
 tAnnal.f.^^9. decelTor Eros being dead, lie was made Bilhop of Antiod\ accounted by 
 fome the fixth, by the others the feventh Bifhop of that Sec. And nei- 
 ther of them miftaken, both being true according to different computa- 
 n-.i ;;V, tions, fome reckoning S.Feter the firft, while others beholding him as 
 ■ an Apoftle, and as aiting in a larger and more Oecumenical fphere than 
 a private Bifliop, begin the account from Eucdim as the firfl Bifliop of 
 ■•"■'.':- it. S. Theophihs thus fixed in his charge, fet himfelf to promote the 
 true intereft and happinefs of men, and as goodnefs always delights to 
 communicate and diffufeit felf, heftudied to bring over others to that 
 Faith, which he had entertained himfelf. Among the reft he attempted 
 a perfon of note, his great friend Autoljcus. Who this Autolycus was 
 t Tl^eophJ^. we have no account, more than what is given'us by Theophilus himfelff. 
 /• "9- He was a perfon learned and eloquent, curious in all Arts and Sciences, 
 
 the acquift whereof he purfued with fo indefatigable a diligence, that he 
 would bury himfelf among Books, and fteal hours for ftudy from his 
 neceflary reft, fpending whole nights in Libraries, and in converfing 
 *jbid.l.2. with the monuments of the dead. Put withal a 6^»/-//^ *, infinitely 
 f-^°- zealous for his Religion, and unreafonably prejudiced againfl Chriftia- 
 
 nity, which he cried out of as the higheft folly and madnefs, and loa- 
 ;.i ded with all the common charges and calumnies which either the wit 
 or malice of thofe times had invented to make it odious, and for the 
 defence and vindication vv'hereof he had bitterly quarrelled with 
 Theophilus. This notwithftanding, he is not affrighted from under- 
 taking him,but treats him with all the freedom and ingenuity that became 
 t ih.l.i.f. 70. a Friend and a Philofopher, tells f him that the caufe was in himfelf,why 
 he did not difcern and embrace the truth , that his wickednefs and im- 
 pieties had depraved his mind, and darkned his underftanding, and that 
 men were not to blame the Sun for want of light, when themlelves were 
 ^blind and wanted eyes to fee it ,• that the ruft and foil muft be wiped 
 off from the Glafs before 'twould make a true and clear reprefentation 
 of the objeift; and that God would not difcover himfelf, but to purged 
 and prepared minds, and fuch who by innocency and a divine life were 
 become fit and difpofed to receive and entertain him. Then he explains 
 to him the nature of God, and gives him an account of the Origin of 
 the World according to the Chriftiandoft rine, difprovcs and derides the 
 ridiculous deities of the Heathens, and particularly anfwers thofe black 
 imputations ufually laid upon theChriftians; and becaufe Autolicus had 
 mainly urged the latenefs and novelty of the Chriftian Faith, heflicws 
 
 at
 
 H)c Life of S. T H E p H I L u s. 177 
 
 ihcws at large how much lupcricur it was in many parts oi it in point 
 ot St'Mioriry, and tlint by many .'^gcs, to any thing which the Heathen 
 Kelig;i):> cmikl prcieiul to: prtning him at every turn to comply with 
 fo excellent a Religion, and alluring him the * Teople whom he invited '^'^3/'27. 
 him to, were fo tar trom being I'uch as he reprelented them, that they 
 lived under the ( nndu:t and Modelly ot Sobriety, Temperance and 
 (halliiy, banilhed Injullice, and rooted up all Vice and WickedneU, 
 loved Kighteoufnelj., lived under law and Rule, cxercifeda Divine Re- 
 ligion,acknowledged (iod, lervetl the Truth, were under the prcfervati- 
 on of (jracc and Peace, directed by a Sacred Word, taught by Wif- 
 dom, rewarded by a lile Immortal, and governed by God himlelt. What 
 the ilTue othis Dilcourfe was, wc cannot tell, but may probably hope 
 they had a defired lliccefs, elJH;cially fina- we find f Autohcas alter the ^Lib.if.%o. 
 /iril conference a little more laVourable tothecaufe, abating of his con- 
 ceived dilplealure againll 1 hfophihu^ and defiring of him a furtlier ac- 
 count of his Religion. And certainly if Wildom and Eloquence , if 
 ftrcngth of Reafon, and a prudent managing tlie Contovcrfie were able 
 to doit, he could nut \sell fail of reclaiming the man from his Error and 
 Idolatry. 
 
 \'. NOR was he more (bllicltous to gain others to the Faith, then 
 he was to keep thofe who already had embraced it from being infected 
 and depraved with Error. For which caufe he continually flood upon 
 his guard, faithfully gave warning of the approach of Herefie, and vi- 
 goroully \ct himfelt againft ir. For notwithftanding the care and vi- 
 gilance of the good and pious men of thofe days (as " EttfeLius obfer\'cs) • h.EccU.^. 
 envious men crept in, and foued Tares among the fincerc Apoflolic^-v/'M^- 
 Doctrine . fothat the Paftors of the Church were forced to rife up in 
 every place, and to let themfelvcs to drive away thefe wild Beads from 
 ChrilVs Shcep-foId, parti}' by exhorting and warning the Brethren, 
 partly by entring the Lifts with Heretics thcmfelves, fome |x;rfo- 
 nally difputing with, and confuting them, others accurately convincing 
 and refuting their Opinions by the Books which they wrote againlt 
 them. .AmongAvhom he tells us was our TheophiUn^ who conflided with 
 thefe Heretics, and particularly wrote againft flLnion, who allerted 
 two Deities, and that the Soul only, as being the divine and better 
 parr, and not the Body, was capable of the happinefs of the other 
 World, and this too granted to none but his FolkAver ,, with many fuch 
 impious and fond Opinions. Another Book he wrote againft Uermpge- 
 ntSy one better skilled in Painting than drawing Schemes of new Divini- 
 ty', hctbrfooktheriiurch, and llctl to the Sro/c>\, and being tinctured 
 with their Principles maintained matter to be eternal, out of which God 
 created all things, and that all evils proceeded out of Matter, alTerting 
 moreover (as Clemens o^ Aicwnif/ru t informs us") that our Lord's Body 
 was lodged in the Sun, ridiculoully interpreting that place, /« rfrm/'jthcrr:.'^v4ij. 
 Ir (et a iJcrnacle jor the Sun. Nor did our Thcophilus neglect the weak •'•'^■''- '''•»• f- 
 and younger jpart of the Charge, he had not only Phyfic for the Tick, ^^" ^' 
 and Jlrotji^ nte.it for them cf full Jie^ lut trtilk jor Kjla^ ^utri Jiuh as were 
 yet unskilful in the wor^ rf Ri^hteoufnefs., compofing many Catechctic 
 Difcourfcs, that contained the firft rudiments of the FaitJi. , 
 
 \I. H E fatethirtctn years * in his Bidioprick, (XXI. fays the /'■J- c/V^rW.. ' 
 nurJ' ot AUxjudrij f ) and died alxiut the fecond or third year of the •«^ ^'^'gf- 
 Emperor CctrmcdLis^ for that he out-lived M-Anton/Hio, is evident from ?'^_^,, ^^ 
 
 A a his,;:..;. 357
 
 178 
 
 The Life ^/ S. T h e o p h i l u s. 
 
 yfd AutoU.^ his mentioning * his death and the time of his reign in his Difcourfes 
 ''■ ' ^®' with Autolycus^ after which he compofed thofe Difcourfes, but what kind 
 of death it was, whether natural or violent, is to me unknown. From 
 the calmnefs and tranquility of Commodus his Reign, as to any Perfecu- 
 tion againft the Chnllians, we may probably guefs it to have been a 
 peaceable and quiet death. Books he wrote many, whereof f St. ///e- 
 rom gives this Character, that they were elegant Trafts, and greatly 
 conducive to the edification of the Church. And further adds, that 
 he had met with Commentaries upon the Gofpel and the Proverbs of 
 Solomon^ bearing his name, but which feemed not to anfwer his other 
 Writings in the elegancy and politenefs of the ftile. 
 
 f H'tron. Je 
 Scrift. in 
 
 Thsofb. 
 
 His Writings 
 
 Extant. 
 
 jAd Autolycum Lihri 
 
 Not Extant. 
 Contra Harefw Hermogenis 
 Adverfus Marchnetn, 
 
 Lihri Aliquot Catechetici. 
 III. Doubtful. 
 
 Commentarii in Evangelium. 
 Commentarii in Pro-cerhia. 
 Solomonis. 
 
 rAe£;7^o/5.THEOPHILUS'5 Life. 
 
 I h 
 
 THE
 
 179 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. M E L I T O, 
 
 BISHOP of 5^RD/5. 
 
 His Countrey and Birth-place. Ha excellent Parts and Learning, ffn 
 heiM^ made Bijhof of Sardis. Hit calibacy. His Provhetic gifts. 7/< 
 PerJecHtioH under Marcus Aurelius. Mclito kis ^/dcg^ for the Chrt- 
 
 Jiians
 
 i8o 
 
 The Life of S. Im e l i t o. 
 
 * Ap.Eufeb.l.^ 
 c. 24./'. 191. 
 
 t Ap. Hieron. 
 
 de Script, in 
 Melit. 
 
 *Loc.fufr. ci- 
 tat. 
 
 t Ap.EufehJ./^. 
 c.26.p. 147. 
 
 * Eufeh-Chron. 
 ad Ann. 
 CLXXI. 
 
 ■fEufeb.H.Ec. 
 kc.fupr. citat, 
 
 jl'tatis. A fragment of it cited out of Eufcbius. Tke great advantages of 
 Chrijlianity to the Empire. His endeavour to corr.pofe the Pafchal Con- 
 truverfie. His Book concerning that Suhjeit. His journey to Jerufalem 
 to fearch what Books of the Old Teftament were received hy that Church. 
 The Copy of his Letter to his Brother Onefimus concerning the Canon of 
 the Old Jeflament. What Books omitted hy the ancient Church, i'olo- 
 mon'i Proverbs jiiled hy the Ancients the Book of Wifdom. His death 
 and hurial. The great variety of his works. TJnjuJHy juj peeled of dange- 
 rous notions. An account given oj the titles of two of his Books mo ft liable 
 to fufpition. His Writings enumerated. 
 
 I. v^t^e^yN^^^^-^ MB L ITO was born in Afa., and probably at 
 
 Sardis y the Metropolis of Lydia., a great and 
 ancient City, the c^eat of the Lydian Kings ; it 
 was one of the feven Churches to which St. 7^/'« 
 wrote Epidles, and wherein he takes notice of 
 ^~TJ>li^^<^ fome that durfi own and ft and up lor God and 
 ^^Tv^ Religion in that great degeneracy that was come 
 ^^4>^ upon it. He was a man of admirable parts, en- 
 riched with the furniture of all ufeful 1. earning, 
 acute and eloquent, but efpecially converfant in the paths of Divine 
 Knowledge, having made deep enquiries into all the more uncommon 
 parts and fpeculations of the Chrillian Do£f rine. He was for his fingu- 
 lar eminency and ufefulnefs chofen Billiop of Sardis., though v\ e cannot 
 exaftly define the time, which were I to conjecture, I fliould gueis it 
 about the latter end of Antoninus I'ius his Reign, or the beginning of his 
 Succeflbrs. He filled up all the parts of a very excellent Governor 
 and Guide of Souls, whofe good he was careful to advance both by 
 Word and Writing. Which that he might attend with lels folicitude 
 and diftraction, he not only kept himfelt within the compafs of a i ingle 
 life, but was more than ordinary exemplary for his Chaihty and o- 
 briety, his felf-denial and contempt of the World ; upon which ac- 
 count he is by Polycrates Billiop of Ephefus * ftiled an Emihch., that is, in 
 our Saviour's explication, oneof thofe, who make themjelves Eunuchs for 
 the Kingdom of Heavens fake ; who for the fervice of Religion, and the 
 hopes of a better life, are content to deny tuemfelves tlie comforts of 
 a married ftate, and to renounce even the lawful pleafurts of this World. 
 And God who delights to multiply liis Grace upon pious and holy Souls, 
 crowned his other vertues with the gift of Prcphel'c, ibr fo f TertuUian 
 tells us, that he was accounted by the Orthodox Chnftians as a Pro- 
 phet, znATolycrates fays * of him, thaf he did c dy.u ttv^xj^ti ctovto, 
 '7roA<T(5l!f<&r, was in all things governed and diref!;ed by tlie afflatus and 
 fuggeftion of the ho!} Ghoft:. Accordigly in the Catalogue f of his 
 Writings we find one rS^u 7r}\?eia/y x: 'u:^(i;;no.i\ of the riglit way of li- 
 ving, and concerning Prophets, and another conccrnirg Prophefie. 
 
 H. IT was about the year CLXX. and the tenth ' of A/. Antonimis^ 
 (his Brother L. Verus., having died the year before ot an Apoplexy, as he 
 fate in his Chariot "i when the Pcrfccuticn grew higli?ga.nlt the Chrilti- 
 ans, greedy and malicious men taking occafion trom the Imperial E- 
 difts lately publiilied by all the methods of cruelty and rapine, tooppreis 
 and fpoil innocent Chnftians. Whereupon as otlvrs, fo efpecially 
 t St. Piklito prefents an Apology and humble Supplication in their behalf 
 
 to
 
 The Life of S. M i: l i r o. j 8 1 
 
 I 
 
 to the Emperor, wherein among other things he thus lxf|x;aks liim. 
 *' It' thcll- things, ^ir, be lioi'.c byvoiir Order, let them be tliought well 
 " done, lor a righteous Trince will not at an) time command what is 
 **■ unj'.ift; and we Ihall not tiiink much to undergo the award ot fuch a 
 " death. This onely requell we big, that your lell' would pleale : rll 
 " to examine the cale of thele relolute perlbns, and then impartially dc- 
 " termine, whether they delerve punilhinent and death, or lalety and 
 " prote:tion. But if this new Kdi:t and Decrer, w Inch ought not to 
 " have been proclaimed agiinll the inoH barbarous Fnemies, did not 
 *' come out with your cogni/ance and conleiit, we humbly pray ,and that 
 " w ith the greater imi>ortunit_\ , that you would not luller us to be any 
 " longer expofed to this public rapine. 
 
 III. AFTK K this he put him in mind how much the Kmpirc had 
 profivrcd fince the rile ol ( hrillianity, and that none but the word of 
 his I'redcccifors had entertained an implacable Ipight againit the ( hri- 
 ftians. " This new Secf of Pjiilofopliy <fays he^ w Inch w e prole!s,licrc- 
 " tofore llourilhed among the d.irLin.ws ( by which probably he means 
 *' the Jc-ws.) Afterwards under the reign ot .-//«^////wj your I'redeceiior, 
 " it fpread it felf over the Provinasof your Empire, commencing with 
 " a happy m-f'.' to it : fince which time the Majelt) and Greatnels of 
 " the Hr/».i-i Empire hath mightily encreafed, whereof you are the 
 " wilhed for Heir and .Succel]or, and together with )our .Son Ihall lb 
 " continue, efpecially w jiile you prote:t that Religion, which begun 
 " with AHz^uJhii^ and grew up together with the Empire, and for wlncli 
 *•■ your Predecedors had together with other Kites of Worlhip, fomc 
 " kind of reverence and regard. .And that our Religion, w Inch w as bred 
 " up with the profpcrity of the Empire, was born lor public good, there 
 *' is this great .Argument to convince you, that fince the reign ot .lu^ujtus 
 " there has no confiderable milchief hapned j but on the contrary all 
 *' tilings according to every ones defirc have tallcn our glorious and 
 *' fuccefsful. None but AVro and DomiruM infligated by cruel and ill 
 " minded men, Ivave attempted to reproach and calumniate our Religion ; 
 " whence Iprang the common (landers concerning us,the injudicious Vul- 
 " gar greedily entertaining fuch reports without any flri^il Examination. 
 " liut your Parents ot Religious .Memory gave a check to this Ignorance 
 *' and injuflice, by frequent Refcripts reproving thofe who made any 
 
 new attempts in this matter. .Among w horn w as your Grandfather 
 /idriau^ who wrote, as to fevcral others, fo to /u/.v/jnm the Frocai- 
 Jul of .-ijlt ; and your Father, at what time your felf was Colleague 
 " with him in the Empire, wrote to feveral Cities ( particularly to Lj- 
 " r/[fu:i, 7 IrlJ'j/vniiJy Athens^ and all the Cities of Greece ) that they 
 *' Ihould not create any new dillurbancc about this aflair. And tor 
 " your lei t', who have the fame opinion of us which they had, and a 
 " great deal better, more lx;coming a good man and a Pliilolopher, wc 
 " promile ourfeves that you will grant all our Petitions and Requefls. 
 An .Addrefs managed w ith great prudence and ingenuous freedom, and 
 which firiking in with otiier Apologies prefentcd about the fame time, 
 did not a little contribute to the general quiet and profixrity of C hri- 
 ftians. 
 
 IV. NOR was he fo wholly fw allowed up with care for the general 
 Peace of (^hriflians, as to ncgleel the particular good ot his own, or 
 neii^hloiir Churches. During the Goveriuncnt of Sefitltut Ftmha 
 
 Fro- 

 
 1 82 The Life ^/S. M e l i x o. 
 
 Proconfid of Aju, Sagaris^ Bifliop of Lacdicea had luficred Martyrdom 
 
 * iffeMeitt. in the late Perfecution ; * at what rime the controvcrfic about the I\iJ- 
 apEufeb.i.if.c. ^/,.,/ folemnity was hotly ventilated in that Church, fonie, flrangcrspro- 
 
 * ■•^■'*^' bably, urging the cbfervation of the Feflival according to the Romn 
 
 ufage celebrating it upon the Lords day, contrary to the culloni of 
 thole Churches, who had ever kept it upon the fourteenth day of the 
 Moon, according to the manner of the Jeivs. For the quieting of v\ hich 
 contention Melito prefently wrote two Books -ar^e'- '^ ^^^^-t ccucernir.g 
 the Pajsfffer, wherein no doubt he treated at large of the celebration of 
 EiiJIer according to the obfervatiori of the Jftan Churches, and there- 
 + Af.Eufeh.1. 5 fore Polycrates in his Letter to Pope Viitor particularly reckons f Sugans 
 c. 24.^191. and Melito^ among the chief Champions of theCaufe. This Fajchd 
 
 * AlEufeb.ubt Book of St. Melito was mentioned alfo by * Clemens of Alexandria in a 
 fupr.f.1^7. Xra£f concerning the famefubjeft, wherein he confedes that he was 
 
 moved to that undertaking by the difcourfe which Alel/to hiid publifhed 
 upon that fubjeft . 
 
 V. H O W unwearied is true goodnefs and a love to Souls ! how 
 willing to digefl any difficulties, by which anothera happinefs may be 
 advanced / his Brother Onefmiu had defired of him to remark fuch 
 palTages of the Old Teflament as principally made for the confirmatioa 
 of the Chriftian Religion, and to let him know how many of thofe Books 
 were admitted into the holy Canon. Wherein that he might at once 
 throughly fatisfie both his Brother and himfelf, he took a journey on 
 purpofe into the £<.?/?, that is, I fuppofe, to Jernjalem^ where he w as 
 likeliefl to receive full fatisfadion in this matter, and where having in- 
 formed himfelf, he gave his Brother at his return an account of it. The 
 Letter it felf, becaufe butfhorr, and containing fo authentic an evidence 
 what Books of the Old Teftament w^ere received by the ancient Church, 
 we Ihall here fubjoyn. 
 
 Melito to his Brother Onejirnus, greeting. 
 
 FO R AS MV CH as out of your great loze to ard delight in the Hcly 
 Script ures^you have oft defired me to celled fuch parages out of the Law 
 and the Prophets as relate to our Saviour^ and the Several parts oj our Chri- 
 ftian Faith, and to he certainly informed of the Books of the Old leftament^ 
 how many in numler^ and in what order they were written, J have endea- 
 voured to comply with your defires in this ajfair. For I know your great zeal 
 and care concerning the Faith, and how much you defre to he ivjirutled in 
 matters cf Religion, and efpecially out of your love to God how infniiely you 
 prefer thefe ahove all other things, and are Jolicitoiis ahout your eternal Jal- 
 vation. In order hereunto I travelled into the Eaft, and heing arrived at 
 the place where thefe things were done and puhlifl:ed, and having accurately 
 informed my felf of the Books oj the Old Teftament. J have fent you the jol- 
 lolling account. The five Books of Mofes, Genefis, Exodus, Leviticus, 
 Numbers, Deuteronomy, Jefus or Joihua the Son cf Nun ; Judges, Ruth; 
 the four Books of Kings. Tfwo Books of Chronicles. The Pfalms of 
 David. The Proverbs of Solomon, n7.7V/' a Wifdom ; Ecclefiafles, the 
 Song of Songs, Job. The Prophets, Ifaiah, Jeremiah, the twelve [w/wc r] 
 Prophets in one Book. Daniel, Ezekicl : Efdra or Ezras. Out cf all which 
 I have made Collellions, which J have digejted into fx Books. 
 
 Vf. IN
 
 The Ltff ofS. M B ^ I T o. 1 8 > 
 
 VI. [N whieh Caralogue we maj' obfcrve rhe Book of F0er is 
 omitted, as it is alio by > / ) *{». Ai^'analnuy (» ) Gregory fijziatSLeny ^nd fi .* SynopTS 
 {/i)Leonf/:u,in thcircnumcration of the Books of the holy Ca non : though i^/c^,,^ ^'' ' 
 for \\\\:\t rcafon is unccriain,unlcls as c') Sixtus Sene/i/tSy not iini^roluhly XXXI11/.9S. 
 conjccluns^ Ixcaule it was not m thole times looked upon as oi '^'■"'^ (^'J"i,«/f^'ii 
 unquellionable credit and authority as the reft ; the fpurious additions » 4,8 
 at the end of it caiifing the wliolc liook to U" cftJIpd in queflion. Nor^^^'''-'^-^'- 
 is here any p.uticiilar mention made of h'c>inu.d\ probably l^ecaufe it ''' 
 uas anciently comprehended under that of f.Jfius. AnJ by that of 
 Vi'ijdomwcifx is not meant the .-Ipocrypha/ Book, called the U'/Jdcni <f 
 Solomon (as I / ) HelUrmiuc and moft writers of tlwt Church confidently {f) DfSchpt. 
 enough adcrt ) but his /VcTO/fr/y, of which (^(^) /:///( /v;<j ex)>reny tuj Is us, ^'^^'Ai<-/''. 
 tlut not only / /tQe/lppm h\it Iicnuus^ and all the Ancient* weiy ^vont ^j ^^^,22. 
 
 to call the Proverbs of Solomon by the name of W'lfJun*^ 'n.mftlftv ^6?>iai, /> '43- 
 a Wifdom containing a S\jtem of all kind of virtues. And indeec] that 
 AUlito in this place could mean no other, the words of his Letter as re- 
 llorcd by I'Jtfiui (^aou&>i^- t-j.^hux^k^ ?i 19 iuf^a) according to /V/tf- 
 fhorui his quotation, and the f.iith ot' all the bcft and moft ancient Ma- 
 nufcripts, puts the cafe U■^ ond all peradventure. 
 
 VII. AT lafl this go<xlman broken with infinite pains and labours, 
 and wearied u ith the inquietudes of a troublefom World, retreated to 
 the place of reft. The time and manner of his death is unknown ; this 
 only wj fin! A) rhar h? died, and lies buried at 5dr^/.swaiting xaTru (/;jpo/,o-«.K^. 
 Tw ;^xialr t-cxoT^f;, the F.pilco|val VifitatioH from Heaven, when our "/f^/f*"^'/" 
 Lord Ihall come and raife him up from the dead. He was a man,befides the ' '' • 
 piety of his mind, and the ftri>:lnefsand innocency ofhisUfe, ot great 
 parts and learning, he had elf 7 am (5" decbmjtonum inqemum. as(/) Jer- (i) ■^f^Htrr; 
 tullnin laid ot him, a fmart elegant Wit, able to rcprefent things with their j^i,,' 
 moft projx:r aggravations. He wrote Books almofl in all kinds ot Sub- 
 jccls, Divine, Moral, and Philofophical, the Monuments of nolcfs In- 
 duflry than Learning, whicli arc all long fince loft, fome very tew trag- 
 ments only excepted. I know there are that fufpeifVcd him to have had 
 notions lels Orthodox about fome of the great Principles of Religion; 
 which I confefs fccms to mc a moft uncharitable and unjuft relle- 
 ifion upon fo holy and fo good a man, el'pccially feeing the conjerture 
 is tbunded ujxjn the mecr titles of fome of his Books, none of the Books 
 themfelvcs being extant, and of thofe titles a fair account might be given 
 to fatisfie any iobcr and impartial manj there being but two that can 
 tejiable to exception, the one ViPt. o^.M.i7« [ic^-a, ^, m;;™' -.>k,Wt, ,,71- 
 0tw, de Deo, not Cnrporeo^ hos\x\ cr k^Jheodorety AV«"f^< , '■vein ifj^fjut-r.t \T} -f et.r. 
 and as it fccms from Or/^r/. undcrftnndsit) but Thcod. Queft. xx. in Gcnef. Tom. i. 
 Cor^orj/^as 7(rm////j«woul(le\prcfsitV(?Dfof<7r- ^'^ 
 pore hii/uto, as Hufinuf of old tranllated ir,ronccrningGod cloathcd with a 
 body, or the Word made I'lelh; the other lHp\ ^,j>m { moft Copies read (•{,"',• j^™, 
 'm^ti>i) 1^ ■)^fTKw< Xe/<j-K, of the Crf jr/o« and Generation o[ ( hrift. Where ^i zt^nuif 
 admit it to have been )c7. .-»&.-, Cre.it'to>i^ he alluded I doubt not to that ofi'ii^ ^}»-^ 
 Sclonwnjhe Lord po[felfed,u)^ a-yCreJtcd mc/n rlr hcq^innin^fj hi\ ujy. And ^^'^ U7^' 
 e\idcnt it is, that bctbre the rife of the Arrtan Controverncsthe^rpathers fi,djyLZ m, 
 
 iu/n <<( l^)ai 
 aun- Conflit. ApoI.Vcl 9.C0I.370. Ceterum tie time tfinJrm folui ; haMj/ tnimfcum (fucm hilA-di in ]rmriifJc,T4- 
 tiaacm fii.iin fiilicft ■ h.utcCr.eri ^'nytr^iciinr..-- U.u]\ brpJnjm quMj; cxmMju Jc:utUum p<Tfm*mcoaJnMrn.t^imc, 
 DoBitntM crtJVit tneimtium vi.numin cprrj /ii.i,L''.c.ti.tmi:t f'nii-.tn Dcu -^luit c.t.ii»^cumSfl^>MTAtnnei3 Jtrms- 
 fif.ltjpoiucTdi in:ra Jtjpfi.m frinv m pretulii leimcnem.— Hxce,t nunitJi f^'frffj 'rrmomijium ttdttfrxTdtt : in- 
 itti. J dU CO pTitnuin jdcogitMion in ni,m:n< it^uijt, Dffitunm (anMJtt mt inuium •i^rion. rerlul iJ». Prix, c- J ,4, 
 7. p. 503. ubi plur« Ufcj
 
 1 84 
 
 The Life ofS. M e l i t a 
 
 ufed the word for any manner of product ion, and ufually undtr- 
 ftand that place of Solomon of the ineffable Generation ot the 6 on 
 of God. 
 
 His Writings. 
 None whereof arc now extant. 
 
 De PafchatCy Libri II. 
 
 De reha vivendi ratione, & de 
 
 Proj>hetis, liber unus. 
 Ve Ecclefia. 
 Ve die Dominica. 
 De Natura Hominis. 
 De Creatione. 
 
 De ohedientia fenfuum fidei. 
 De Anima^ <^ cor pore, ^ mente. 
 De Lavacro. 
 De Feritate. 
 
 De fide [ Creatione ] ^ Genera-^ 
 
 tione Chrifli. 
 De Prophetia. 
 De Hofpitalitate. 
 Liher Clavis dicius. 
 De Dialolo. 
 De Joannis Apocalypfu 
 De Incarnatione Dei. 
 Apologia ad Imp. AHtotiinuni. 
 Excerptorum ex lihris Veteris 
 
 Tejtamenti, Libri VI. 
 
 The End of S. WE 1.11: OS 's Life. 
 
 THF
 
 i85 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. PANT^NUS 
 
 CATECHI.ST OF 
 
 ALEXANDRIA. 
 
 nCtcha*! iQurghrrs 
 
 I 
 
 iDeluuajnt *i Jcui^U. 
 
 iiiiiliii'iii'i!i|i!iiiii; 
 
 iiliil:llrlilllhl1 tilllli' 
 
 liiuilHiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiHiiniinnunii ii iimiiimmnHi* 
 
 .S'. RINTLNUS. 
 
 ne ijriom conjeclure^ concerning hn Originjl. The frohMtttn if Lu 
 
 Jcwilh tiejcenr, what. IVhethtr hor^ ,» Sicily or at Alcxandna. //« 
 
 firli inJlitMtion. The famui V\zionK School ercthci h Ainmomus j/ 
 
 [J Ij Alexan-
 
 iS6 
 
 The Life ^/ S. P a n t ^ n u s. 
 
 *Stromat.l.i 
 f274- 
 
 Alexandria. The renown of that place for other parts of Lea/xing. 
 Pantxnus addi^ed to the Sefl of the Stoics. J he principles of that Sed 
 Iheived to agree heft with the dittates of Chriftiiwity. His great improze- 
 ments in the Cbrijlian Doflnne. The Catechetic School at Alexandria, 
 ivith its antiquity. Panta;nus made Regent of it. When hefirji entered 
 upon this Office. An Emhaffy from India to the Bijhop <//Altxandria for 
 Jonie to preach the Chriftian Faith. VzntxTMsfent upon this errand. Ihis 
 Country where fituate. His arriz-al in\t\di2i,aKd converfe with //'f Brach- 
 mans. Their temper^ principles, and way of life. 7 heir agreement with 
 //'f Stoics. Foot-fteps of Chnflianity formerly planted there. i'.MatthewV 
 Hebrew Gofpel found among them and brought by Pantcenus to Alexan- 
 dria. How far and hy whom Chrifiianity was propagated in India after- 
 jvards. Panta:nus his return to Alexandria, and refuming his Cateche- 
 tic O^ce. Hi^ Death. His great Piety and Learning. 
 
 I. \^^^^^i\^;/S^^/Pl . H E filence of Antiquity as to the Country and 
 
 Kindred of this excellent perfon has adminiflred 
 to variety of conjedures concerning his origi- 
 nal. Some conceive him to have been born 
 of Jewifh Parents, and they of note and quality. 
 For * Clemens Alexandrinus reckoning up his 
 Tutors, tells us that one, ( whom he names laft ) 
 was of Palefline, an Hebrew of very long defcent j 
 and then adds, that having found the lalt, (^mean- 
 ing, fay fome, the lafl of thofe whom he had reckoned up ) though he 
 jultly deferved to be placed firfl, after he had with infinite diligence 
 and curiofity hunted him out in Egypt, w here he lay obfcure, he fate 
 t H £«/./. j.f. down under his Difcipline and Inftitution. This perfon f £«/f^/«f 
 ii?i75,i76. pj^jj^jy fyppofes to have h^Qr\ owr Pant anus ; and that he intended him 
 in the latter claufe there is no caufe to doubt, the former only is ambi- 
 guous, it not being clear , whether the latter fentence be neceilariiy 
 conne61ed and joined to the former, or that he defigned any more, then 
 to intimate the laft Mafter he addrefled to, as diftinib from thole he had 
 named before. And this I am the rather inclined to think, becaufe 
 whoever confiderately weighs Clemens his period, will find that by his 
 Hebrew or Palejline Mafter, he means one of the two whom he heard in 
 the Eafl, whereas Pan tan us was his Mafter in Egypt ^ whom he both 
 *Vdkf.Amot. found and heard there. * Others make him born in Sicily, becaufe Cle- 
 "' Etijeb.f.96. ^^^_j j,-, j}|g following words ftiles him, a truly Sicilian Bee : but whether 
 there may not be fomething proverbial in that exprellion even as it 
 relates to Sicily, I fhall not now enquire. However it is certain that 
 the Inhabitants of that Ifland were generally Greeks, that many eminent 
 Philofophers were born, or refided there, and particularly the famous 
 Porphyry, who had retired hither for fome years, and here wrote his vi- 
 rulent Books againft the Chriftians. Let this then ftand for his Coun- 
 try, till fomething more probable offer it (df, unlefs we will fiy, that 
 being defcended of Sicilian anceftors, he was born at Alexandria, the 
 place of his education. 
 
 II. HIS younger years were feafoned with all learned and philofophi- 
 cal ftudies, under the beft Mafters which Alexandria ( for there I pre- 
 fume to place his education) afforded, at that time a noted ftaple place 
 of Learning. As Egypt had in all Ages been famous for the choiccft 
 
 parts
 
 lie Life ofS: P A N T A- N-u s. 187 
 
 jvarts of literature^ and the more uncommon Ipcculations of Theology, 
 lb more ef}.ccially aUsmkIiwi^ wlierc there were Profellors in all Arts; 
 and >-,ne;icts, and puLhc .SfhooK of mfutution, not a little advantJ^td 
 by that noble Library, placed hereby Fiolomy yhihdehhHi, and fo much 
 celelratcd by the Ancients. In alter-tiines here was a hxed and fetled fuc- 
 ceJion of Philofophersin the / Litonic .School,begun by Ammcmns S.icc.n, 
 and carried on by iiotiMus and t)//;n«7»,and tlieir luca-flors for feveral Ages. 
 * AmmiJHui fliinelJiHus tells us that in liis time, thougli not fo famous • ub.22.nen 
 as tbrmerl)', yet m fome good digrte it fl ill maintained its reputation, ''"'^'"^"•/'• 
 and that all ingenuous Arts and MetiuKls of recondite I earning,and cele- 
 brated rrolellbrs ol all forts (lourilhed here, and that it was enough to re- 
 commend a rhyficianto public notice, if lie had fludied at Alexjndrij. 
 Na) many Ages after him, HenJMniH the Jew + at his being there, found t hintr.f. \2i. 
 near t^venty leveral Schools of Anjlotcli.wi ( the only men that then 
 ruled the (duir ) whither men flocked from all parts ol the World to 
 learn the Peripatetic Fhilofophy. 
 
 III. A^10^'G all the -Sevls of Philofophy he principally applied^ 
 liimlelf* to the iVo/cj, with whole notions and rules ot lite he was moft ^,^ t \i^^'' 
 enamoured ; and no wonder, feeing (asS. I/icrom obfervcs) their efo^- ^com.m Ef*. 
 vutA in many tilings come neareft to the doctrines of Chriflianity. As^ "/'"'*'' 
 indeed they do, efpeciall) as to the moral and pra^fic part of their Prin- 
 ciples. They held that nothing was good but what was jufl and pious, 
 nothing evil but what was vicious and dilhoneft ; that a bad man 
 could ne\cr be liappy, nor a good man miferable,who was always free, 
 gentrous, and de'ar to Heaven ; that the deity was j^rpctually concer- 
 ned or humane allairs, and that there \\ as a wife and powerful provi- 
 dence that particularly fujxirintendcd the happinefs ot mankind, and 
 \sas ready to aififl men in all lawful and vcrtuous undertakings ; tliat 
 therefore this God u as above all things to be admired, adored, and 
 worlhipjxjd, prayed to, acknowledged, obeyed, praifed, and that it is 
 the moll comely and reafonable tiling in the World, that wc Hiould uni- 
 Verfally lubmit to llLs will, and a'cjra^ac^^ c'^oAnf r •^•yyii 'mcvufltyovm, 
 rrxvTOy chcartully embrace with all our fouls all the itfucs and determi- 
 nations of his providence ; that we ought not to think it enough to be 
 happy alone, but that 'tis our duty d-ro y^piiai qnXeiv, to love men trom 
 the very heart, to relieveand help them, advifc and alfift them, and con- 
 tribute what is in our power to their welfare and fatcty, and this not 
 once or twice, but throughout the whole lite, and that unbiallcdiy, 
 without any little dcfigns ot applaule, or advantage to our felvcs ; that 
 nothing fliould Ix; c\]ually dear to a man as honefty and vcrtuc, and 
 that tins is the firfi thing he thould look at, whether the thing he is 
 going about be good or bad, and the part of a good or a wicked man, 
 and if excellent and vertuous, that lie ought not to let any lots or da- 
 rn 'ge, torment, or dcatii it lelf deter him trom it. And whoever runs 
 o'.er the Writings of ^Vwtv./, A>ifon/»us, F/'/iletns, Arn^in^dic. will find 
 thefe, and a great many more claiming a very near kindred witii the main 
 rules of life prefcril^cd in the Chritlian Faith. And what wonder if/'j«f- 
 t.rmis was in love with I'uch generous and manly principles, u hich he 
 liked lb well, that as he always retained the title ot the Sro/c rhilojopher^ 
 fo for the main he owned the protcllion of that Se.;>, even after his 
 l>eing admitted to eminent Offices and Imployments in the Chriflian 
 ( 'iu.cli. 
 
 \\h z IV. RV
 
 1 88 The Life ^/ .S. P a n t ^ n u s. 
 
 IV. BY whom he was inftructed in the Principles of the Chriflian 
 
 ( a ) Cod. Reljcrion, I find not ; {a)Photim tells us that he was Scholar to thofe who 
 cxviii. i^^j ^^^^ ^j^g Apoftles, though I cannot allowof what lie adds, that he 
 
 had been an Auditor ol" fome of the Apoftles themfelves, his great di- 
 flancc from their times rendring it next door to impoHiblc. But who- 
 ever were his Tutors, he made fuch vaft proficiences in his Learning, 
 that his fingular eminency quickly recommended him to a place of great 
 truft and honour in the Church, to be Mafler of the Catechetic School at 
 Alexandria. For there were not only Academies and Schools of Hu- 
 man Literature, but an Ecclefiajlical School for the training perfons up 
 in divine knowledge and the firft principles of Chriftianity : and this 
 
 (b) Locfufr. ^ dp^'ny eSrus, fays ^i>)Eufel/us, of very ancient cuftom^ from the very times 
 
 * De/o-»>f tn of ^- ^^^^'^ (%5 * ^' ^^^^<'^ ) flic firft Planter of Chriftianity and Bilhop 
 Fanun. of that place. From whofe time there had been a conftant fuccefTion 
 
 of Catechifts in that School , which Eufehiiis tells us, continued in his 
 time, and was managed by men famous for eloquence and the ftudy of 
 divine things. The fame and glory oi Pant anus did above all others at 
 that time defign him for this place, in which he accordingly fucceeded, 
 t Cap. <p,(^ 10. and that ( as t Enfehius intimates ) about the beginning oi Commodus his 
 vtjufr. reign, when Julian entered upon the See of Alexandria., for about that 
 
 time (fays he) he became Governour of the School of the Faithful there. 
 And whereas others before him had difcharged the place in a more pri- 
 vate way, he made the School more open and public, freely teaching all 
 that addrelTed themfelves to him. In this imployment he continued 
 without intermiflion the whole time of Julian ( m ho fate ten years ) till 
 under his Succeflbr he was difpatched upon a long and dangerous jour- 
 ny, whereof this the occafion. 
 
 V. ALE X A ND R I A was 'ml.va.v^poynzTtiTn im-miv ttlAos ( as the 
 
 * Dion, chryf. Qrator * ftiles it) one of the moft populous and frequented Cities in 
 ^'^i^vid!^' the World, whither there was a conftant refort not only of neighbour 
 f. 373- Nations, but of the moft remote and diftant Countries, ^Ethiopians., Ara- 
 bians., BaBrians, Scythians^ Perjians, and even Indians tliemfelves. It 
 happened that fome Indian Embafladors ( whether fent for this particu- 
 
 t Hiercti. de lar purpofe is not certain ) intreated t Demetrius then Bilhop oi Akxan- 
 Scri£t.ubifufr. ^^-^ tofend fome worthy and excellent perfon along with them to preach 
 the Faith in thofe Countries. None appeared qualified for this errand 
 like Pantanus, a grave man, and a great Philcfopher, incomparably fur- 
 nilhed both with divine and lecular Learning. Him Demetrius per- 
 fuades to undertake the Embaft^y ; and though he could not but be fu/H- 
 ciently apprehenfive, that he quitted a pleafant and delightful Country, 
 a place where he was beloved and honoured by all with a juft efteem 
 and reverence , and that he ventured upon a journy where he muft 
 expeft to encounter \\ith dangers and hardlliips, and the greateft diffi- 
 culties and oppofitions, yet were all thefe eafily conquered by his infa- 
 tiable defire to propagate the Chriftian Religion, even to the remoteft 
 corners of the World. For there were many Evangelical Preachers 
 
 * Loc. citat. ^^'^^ ^^ ^^"'^^ ^^'^^ ^^^* Eujebius adds upon this occafion ) who inflamed 
 
 with a divine and holy zeal, in imitation of the Apoftles were willing to 
 travel up and down the World for enlarging the bounds of Chriftianity, 
 and building men up on the moft holy Faith. What India this was to 
 which Pant^enus, and after him Frumentius ( for that they both went 
 to the fame Country, is highly probable ) was difpatched, is not cafie 
 
 to
 
 Tk Life ofS. V ANT /¥.Kus. 189 
 
 to determine. There are, and tlicy men of no inconfidcrable note, that 
 conceuc it was not the Omntal^ hut AfridtM luelu^ conterminous to 
 Aithtopijy or rather a parr of it. Thcl'c Ind.jtis were a Colony and 
 rl.intarion dcri\edat firll out ot the EjJK For fo * Eufcliui tells us, *^^''7'' •••■"•■ 
 that in the more early Ages the A-.thirpians quitting the parts about the rccxiv. 
 Ki\tr yW.<i, late down near A;i,ypt. Whence f Ji/IoJ/rjita cxprelly *'"•■; -"• 
 lUles the Aitbiupiam a Colony of /«A/«f, as *■ elfeuliere he calls them •V,./, ^5^' 
 ■ Y '". I 1', an In(l;.in generation. 'Ilie Ahtropvln of this Country f. 1.; 5 
 was .ixHHii., of which I rumentins is aftcruarcls faid to Ix: ordained lii- 
 ftiop by AtkittajttiU .An opinion, wluch I conlefs my felf very inchna- 
 ble to embrace, and iliould w ithout any fcruple comply with, did not 
 \ l-.uJclitHsc\\>x^:([y i\\\, that J'jnta:>:uf preached the (Jofpeltothe F.7jlcr» 1 Hip.Eccl. 
 Nations, and came as far as to /;;</;.i it Iclf A padage, which how it "^'^ 
 can fuit with the Jfricjn Indian ami the Countries that lie fo direv!Hy 
 South of fppty I am not able to imagine. For which rcafon wc have 
 elfew here hxed it in tile E.ijL Nor is there any need to fend them as 
 far as Av//.; intra Ganqetn^ there are places in .•///./ nearer hand, and parti- 
 cularly fome parts of Arabia that anciently palled under that name, 
 whence tlie J'cr/ian Gulf is fometimes called the Indian ."?ca. But let 
 tile judicious Reader determine as lie pleafc in this marten 
 
 Vf. IJKINU arrived in JrJu, he let himlllf to plant the Chriftian 
 Faith in thofe parts, efpccially converfing with x.\\c* Hrachmans^ ''^^*/m7hoC^* 
 Sages and Philolophers of thole Countries, whole Principles and way ^.^z^fx^^z. 
 of lite feemed more immediately to difpofe them for the entertainment 
 of C hrillianity. Their children as foon as born 
 t hey committed to Nurfcs, and then to Guar- ^,^-' ^;i^7"''- T',* y^ '"^'n ^'^''^'^i^'" 
 
 ,. ■' ,. 1 • 1- I- 1 ■ AlexAnd.Polyb.de rcb. biaic. af.Ctcm. Alex. Str»- 
 
 dians accordmgto their dilferent ages, who m- ,uit.i.^.f.i,''i\.5tr4b.CeogT. U^.f.nii.Bj,de- 
 
 flru«lled them m principles according to their J^mSyTJ.det^uaf.Eujcb.prxf.Lvoiji.it.c.io. 
 
 capacities and improvements: they were edu- ^i:;;;;:]'^^^:^!;':^;:^^^-^^^ 
 
 cated with all imaginable fevcrity of Dilciplinc, Brj(;mj«. />. 8, 9, 15,16,17. Tnti. de Onf_. {S 
 
 not fullered fo much as to fiicak or fpit, or Ai^^^^' B,«j'm..«. .nrr. Awhrofncfer.acdc. 
 
 roiigh,whilc their Matters were dilcourling to '^•^ ' 
 
 thcm,and this till they were feven and thirty years of Age. They were in- 
 finitely flri^t and abftemious in their diet,cat no flelh, drunk no wine or 
 llroni^ drink, feeding only upon wild Acorns, and fuch Roots as nature 
 fjrnillied them withal, and quenching their thirll at the next Spring or 
 P River, and as fparing ot all other lawful plealures and delights. They 
 adored no Images,but fincerely worlhijx"d (jod,to whom they continually 
 prayed, and in Head of the cuftom of thofe P.ajlcm Nations of turning 
 to the ^.'7'', they devoutly lift up their eyes to Hea\en, and while they 
 drew near to God, took a )x:culiar care to keep themfelves from being 
 defiled with any vice or wickednefs, fpcnding a great part both of night 
 z.r\A day in Hymns and Prayers to God. They accounted themfelves the 
 mofl free and victorious ixopic, having hardned their bodies a gain ft all 
 external accidents, and fubdued in tlieir minds all irregular paflions and 
 defires. Gold and Silver they dcfpifed, as that w Inch could neither 
 quench their thir(\ nor allay their hunger, nor heal their wounds, nor 
 cure their diflemiKrs, nor ferve any real and necellary ends ot" nature, 
 but only minifler to Vice and Luxur)', to trouble and inquietude, and 
 fet the mind ujxm Racks and Tenters. They looked upon tione of the 
 little accidents of this World to be either good or e\ il, frajuently dif- 
 courfed concerning Death, which they maintained to le i;.ir\Y <« r
 
 15-0 . The Life of S. V a n t ie n u s. 
 
 oiTw; ^^01', a being born into a real and happy life, and in order vvhere- 
 
 unto they made ulc of the prefent time only as a Hate of preparation 
 
 for a better life. In fliort, they feemedin moft tilings toconfpire and 
 
 agree with the 5/wa, whom therefore of all other .Setfs they efleemed 
 
 * paM. de to be A;; Its 4'(Ao(rof k5 % the moft exccliCnt Philofophers : and upon 
 
 BMchma". that account could not but be fomewhat the more acceptable to /W- 
 
 F- 5-- ta»i(s, who had fo throughly imbibed all the wife and rational princi- 
 
 , pies of that Inflitution. 
 
 VII. WHAT fuccefs he had in thefe parts, we are not particularly 
 told. Certainly his preaching could not w ant fome confiderable effetSt", 
 efpecially where perfons were by the rules of their order, and the 
 courfe of their life fo well qualified to receive it, and that too where 
 Chriftianity had been heretofore planted, though now overgrown with 
 Weeds and Rubbiih for want of due care and culture. For he met with 
 t Enfehl yc. feveral f that retained the knowledge of Chrift, preached here long fincc 
 ^d'V'^'^n'^' ^y ^" Bivtholomeiv the Apoftle ( as we have elfewhere fhewed in his life ) 
 Pantxn.'" w hereof not the lead evidence was his finding S. Matthews Gofpel 
 written in Hehreiv^ which S. Bartholomew had left at his being there,and 
 which Paiftams (as S.H/erom Morms us, though I queftion whether it 
 be any more than his own conjefture) brought back with him to ^/fx- 
 andr'h^ and there no doubt laid it up as an ineftimable treafure. And 
 as our Philofopher fucceeded in the labours of S. Bartholomew in thefe 
 hdian Plantations, fo another afterwards fucceeded in his, an account 
 whereof, to make the flory more intire, the Reader I prefume, will not 
 *Socm.H. think it impertinent, if I here infert. * ^de/ius znd Frumentias, two 
 Ecci.i.i.c.i9. Youths ofTjre, accom.panied Merop/us the Philofopher into India ^ 
 t'l>^°2^c%T "^^'l^ei'e teing taken by the Natives, they were prefented to the King of 
 p.^Ti-jkeol the Country, who pleafed with their perfons and their parts, made one 
 H.EccLl.i. of them his Butler, the other ( Frawf«//»5 ) the Keeper of his Records, 
 (• 23- ?• 54- ^j. ^ J Sozomen will have it, his Treafurer and Major-domo, committing 
 to his care the Government of his houfe. For their great diligence 
 and fidelity the King at his death gave them their liberty, who there- 
 upon determined to return to their own Country, but were prevailed 
 with by the Queen to flay, and fuperintend affairs during the Minority 
 of her Son. Wliich they did, the main of the Government being in the 
 hands of Fnment'ms, who alfifted by fome Chriftian Merchants that 
 traffiqued there, built an Oratory , where they aflembled to worfhip 
 God according to the Rites of Chriflianity , and inftrufted feveral of 
 the Natives, who joined themfelves to their Aflcmbly. The young 
 King now of age, Frument'ius refigned his trufl, and begged leave to 
 return ; which being with fome difficulty obtained, they prefently de- 
 parted ; JEdefius going for Tyre, while Frument'ius went to Alexandria, 
 where he gave Athanajms, then Bifliop of that place, an account of the 
 whole affair , fliewing him what hopes there were that the Indians 
 would come over to the Faith of Chrifl, withal begging of him, to fend 
 a Bilhop and fome Clergy-men among them, and not to negleft fo fair 
 an opportunity of advancing their falvation. Athanajius having advi- 
 fed with his Clergy, pcrfuaded Fnmentius to accept the office, aflliring 
 him he had none fitter for it than himfelf. Which was done accor- 
 dingly, and Fnmentius being made Bifhop , returned back into India, 
 where he preached the Chriftian Faith, erefted many Churches,and be- 
 ing allilled by the Divine Grace wrought innumerable miracles, healing 
 
 both
 
 The Life ofS. P a n t it n u y 191 
 
 both the fouls and bodies of many at the fame time. An account of all 
 whicli R!4fint4s profcdcs to have received trom A-dcHus his own mouth, 
 then Prcibytcr of tlic Churcli of 7\/f. But it's time to look back to 
 
 r.DltU'HUS. 
 
 VIM. BEING returned to Alcwmdrij^ lie refumcd his Catechetic of- 
 fice, which I gather partly from (.;) F.ujeltus^ who again mentions it (j; t*i7«^f. 
 jull afttr his Ih^uu cxivd tion, and adds 'n/.c^j-rly ryuf:i,, that alter all, or 
 when he drew near to his latter end, he governed theScIiool o\ aUxju- 
 (iru ; partly from S. liicrom*^ who fays exprelly, that he taught in the ' ^*' "•''' 
 reign oi Severus and CiracalLi^ his firft regency being under Comnwflus. 
 He ilicd in the time of Anto»:nui Cjr.i:jlLj^ who Ugin his reign .Um. 
 C.CXI, though the exact date and manner of his death be loll; his me- 
 mory is prclerved in the Ronun Cjlend.tr on the feventh of Jul). And 
 certainly a jull tribute of honour is due to his memory fur hisadmirabic 
 zeal and piety, his indefatigable pains and indullry, hisexquifit alilities, 
 T^ ' ^-rj '•mniiitA ci\rp 'o'^.h^o r-if^^, as F.ujti'iui truly charadlers him, a man 
 fingularly eminent in all kinds of Learning; and (/) Or/gen^ who lived ^''^j'*^"'!'^-"-^'** 
 nearer to him, and was one of his SuccelT(^rs, commends him for his great p, 221 . 
 ufefulnels and ability l>oth m Philofophicil Ipeculations, and Theological 
 Studios, in the one able to deal with Philof(^phers, in the otiier to retutc 
 Heretics and Seducers. In his School he dilplayed ( as Eujehins tells us) 
 both byword ami writing the Treafures of the Sacred Doiflrines; 
 though he taught ( iliys S, ///{-rcw ) rather viva voce., than h\ Books, 
 who mentions only his Commentaries ujx)n the holy Scripture, and of 
 thein not the leall Iragmcnt is remaining at this day. 
 
 r/;e£«y 0/5. PANT^NUS'i Lijc. 
 
 THE
 
 i^3 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S. CLEMENS 
 
 o t 
 ALEXANDRIA. 
 
 His Count rey. The Pro^refs cf his Studies. I lis iMjlntHioM in the Cbri- 
 flian Donrine. His Jcirral AUflers. Hts imp.irtijl inquiry after truth. 
 V:e ele^lne Se^y ivhat. Its excellent q^enius. Clemens of this Seil. 
 
 C c His
 
 I 9.1 The Life ^/ S. C l e m e n s Alcxandnnus, 
 
 * 
 
 His fucceedirig Pantornus in the Catechctic School. He is wade Fri'f- 
 hyter cf Alexandria. His Stromata puLLlhed, irhen. Lmifulnefs of 
 jiying m time of Ferjecutiori. His JonDiey /hto the Ea.([, Vi'hat Trails 
 he wrote there. His going from Jerufalem to Antioch, and return to 
 Alexandria. His death. The Elogia given cf him hy the Ancients. His 
 admirable Learning. His Writings. His Hypotypofcs: I'hotius his 
 account of them ; corrupted hy the Arrians. His Books yet extant., and 
 the orderly gr-^dation cf them. His Stromata, what the dejign of it. 
 His fiyle, what in this, what in his other Books. A fhort Apol'gy for 
 fome unwary affertions in his Writings. His Writings enumerated.' 
 
 ^- X^^v^^s**^^/^'^^'^'^ Flavius Clemens was, prolally, born at 
 ^wi^iM\ ^^^■"'^- ^^^ ^^■''^" * Fpiplan.m tells us, that 
 
 Xxxii./;.96. ]^-^^tli^zj-^^^;^ lome aiiirir.ed rnxntohf^n /ilex at. a nan., others 
 
 an Athenian., he might well be both; the one 
 being the place of his nativity, as the other was 
 of his conf.ant Refidence and employment. 
 Nor can I imagine any other account , upon 
 which the title of Athenian fliould be given to 
 him. And the conjefture is furrher countenan- 
 ced from thecourfeand progrefsof his Studies, the foundations where- 
 of were laid in Greece, improved in the Eajl, and perfeded in Fgvpt. 
 And indeed his incomparable abilities in all parts of Science render it 
 a little more probable, that his early years commenced in that great 
 School of Arts and Learning. But he ftaid not here, his infatiable 
 thirfl after Knowledge made him traverfe almoft all parts of the World, 
 and converfe with the Learned of all Nations, that he might furnifh 
 himfelf with the Knowledge of whatever was ufeful and excellent, efpe- 
 cially a thorough acquaintance with the mylteries of the Chriflian Do- 
 ■f Stromal.!. I. ^^^^^- He tcUs US f ot thofe lively and pouerful Difcourles, which he 
 j>.2n\.^ ap. had tiie happ'nefs to hear from blefled and truly worthy and memora- 
 Eu/ibJ.yc.ii. ^^|g perfons, who prefervingthat fincere and excellent Dof^rine, which 
 ' ' like Children !rom the hands of their Parents, they had immediately re- 
 
 ceived from Feter, James, John^ and Faul, the holy Apofiles, were by- 
 God's bleiing come down to his time, fowing thole ancient and ApoHo- 
 * Like. -. lie feeds of 1 ruth. A palTage, uhlch I doubt not * Eufehius intended, 
 ?• i^'S- when he lays, that Clemens Ipeaking concerning himfelf in the firfl Book 
 of his Stromata, affirms himiclf to have been of the next fuccellion to 
 the Apoftles. 
 
 n. O F thefe venerable men to whofe tuition he committed himfelf, 
 t Loc. citat. lie himfelf has given t us fome, though but obfcure account. The firft 
 *AdAn.i%^.y^2.sIonicur, a Cu'l.'S'r.uw, whom he heard in Gz-ffcf", and whom* Ba- 
 "■^^' roniii^ conjefturcs to have been Cants, or Dionyliu^'Ri(hop oi^ Corinth ; a 
 
 fecond an Egyptian,undtr- whofe Difcipline he was, in that part of Italy 
 called AJjgna (jraxia, and fince Calabria: hence he travelled into the Eajt, 
 where the firfl of his Mailers was ; an Ajlyrian, luppofed by fom.e to 
 have been Bardfanes, by others Tatian, the Scholar of jujlm Mar- 
 tyr : the next originally a few, of a very ancient flock, whom he heard 
 in Fakftinc, u'hom Baionius wiil have to have been Iheophihu BiHiop 
 of Cajarea y thougli for his Hebrew defcent there be no evidence among 
 t V.:!ef./imr't. the Ancicnts) others t more probably Theodotus,v,hence the excerpt a out 
 "'£•'>'/'•/ 95- of his Hypotypcfs Hilkxtant, arclliled, c;'. -r^'i. Qco^m a.ya.^.hi-Mi bi^ncK.^
 
 The Life of S. C i- v. m k n' s Alcxandruius. 1^5 
 
 , ", the F.pitomcoj.'Jheoflonis hn Urienrj/ Dodritie^ tliat/s, the Doctrine 
 uliicli he karnt from 7': rfotm'm the P..1JI. Tliclart of tlic NfiQcrs 
 whom he iiiLt uitli, iuuxr.-t-j «e« -.tpod't^, as he fa) s ot' iiim, but the 
 iirrt aiul chief in pouer and vertue, was one whom he inijuifiti\cly 
 fought out, and found in W^k/'/", and in w liofc inllitution lie full)- ac- 
 quicfced, and fought no ruriher. This |H.rIon is generally fuppoled to 
 have been /'.iw^rw/n, whom (Uincm ellewhcre * exprefly ailirms to have ''''^'^■;^^'^'■• 
 Ixien his MaHer, aild whom in the torementioned /■///■owr heftilesfortr n.r.'i-, 
 
 i)itu'mi\. ) l.tCMctlcm 
 
 JIf. BUT though he pui himlelf under tiie Difciplincot" fo many fe-^ '' ''• 
 veral Mailers, yet Nvas it not out ol any vain diliuln)ry li^htnels, or 
 phantadic curiofity, but to make re-learches alter truth with an honed 
 and inquifitive mind. He loved what was manly and generous, \\herc- 
 c\ er he met it : and therelbre tells us *, he did not (imply approve all • v tm.-.t. It 
 Philofophy, but that of whicli Surates in I'/ato fpeaks concerning their ^ ^''v 
 myllerious Rites. 
 
 intimating as lie cxprcflcs it in the flile of the Scripture, that ttuny are 
 i/Iid, l:ft jew tlt\[^ or who make the right choice. And fucli (adds.Vo- 
 '.(/t-y) and fuch only, in my opinion, are thofe who embrace the true 
 I'hilofopliy. Of which fort (^fays Clemem) through m) whole lite I 
 have to my Power approved my fclf, dcfiring and endea\ ouring b) all 
 means to Ix-'comc one of that number. For this purpofe he never tied 
 liimfelf to any particalar inllitution of Pliilofophy, but took up in the 
 • ipicK ixMxUxri, the Eledive Setl^ who obliged not tliemlelves to the 
 i!ij.^hues and lenriments of any one Philofophtr, but freely made choice 
 ol' the moll excellent Principles out of all. Ihis .Se^H; (as the Philofo- 
 |>hic Hillorian t informs us ) was begun b y /'o/jw<7w,an Alcxjudi i.in too, t d- Lstn. 
 who out of every Se-aof Philofophy felected what he judged bed. He 'p'2fi.\'t 
 gave himlelf lil erty impartially to inquire into the natures of things, 
 and w hat was the true dandard ami mealure ot truth ; he confidered, 
 liiat no man knows every thing, that lome things are obvious to one, 
 that are overfeenor neglevitcd by another, thattherearewhollbm herbs 
 and dowers in every Field, and that if thetliingLe well laid,'tis no mat- 
 ter who 'tis that fays it ; thatrealonis tobe lulmitted to, before authori- 
 ty, and though a fair regard Ic due to the opinions and principles of 
 our Friends.yet that it is oatov •srci^iu^y r flt?v»l>««i, (as * ArijiotU himfelt * /•■'/'•■ ' •■4- 
 confelles) more pious and rcafonablc to honour and cdtemthe truth. ^ ^ ' '" "' 
 Ami thus he picked up a S\llci,io'{ noble principles, like fo many Flowers 
 out of feveral Gardens, profed'ing + this to be the great end of all his dif- 1 UertJtcdt. 
 ».]uirions, ^loluj v^ i-jLcnv rtp7\lujti?.iixf^ a life |x:rles:ted according to all 
 tile rules of vertue. .Of this incomparable Order was our Divine Philo- 
 lopher: / ejpoujcd not (fays he*) th/s or that rh/U/ifly,iiof the S/oic,* ^'^'"'-^ F- 
 mr the PLucmCy not the Ff'{CHre.Wy or that of Ar/Jloth\ lut whatever any 
 cf thefe Si\h hati f.iif{^that ivjs Jit and jiij}^ that taunj't ri^l '< ivith a 
 
 'v. rhough it cannot be denied, but that of any 
 Sect, he camentareil to theiVr/i f, as appears from his difcourfing b) 
 way of /\;/j//./.\rf, and his allecbcd novelty of words, tuo t' 
 
 lin- to the men ol t!vatway,asa very learned and ingenious ,.; - 
 
 C c 2 obfer- " '
 
 1 56" The Life ^/ S. C l e m e n s Alexandrimis. 
 
 obferved. And I doubt non but he w^as more peculiarly difpoled to- 
 wards this Se£tby the inflrufVions of his Maner)\7;7/'<«/«j-, fo great and 
 proteded an admirer of the Stoical Philo.'bphy. 
 
 IV. P A NT^NVS bchig dead, lie fuccecded him in the SchvU 
 KccTVi'xn'^oiv, the Catechetic School at AlesayidriA^ though quellionlcls 
 he taught in it long before that, and probably ^.wnx^^P ant xnm his abfence 
 in hdia^ fupplying his place till his return, andfuccceding in it after his 
 
 * Er//tW.(5.c.6. death, for that he was /\7//Y<r;/7o his Succellor, the Ancients * are all 
 f zoS.HiercK. ag,-ecj. Here he taught with great indudry and fidelity, and with no 
 cieZ'm. Phot. Icis (uccek., fomeof the mofl eminent men of thofe umi^sfirige^^Alexm- 
 Cod. cwwi.dcr Biihof of Hrenifalem, and others being bred under him. And now 
 i's ^'^^ I i t (.^^"^ himfelf confefles ) he found his Plulolbphy and GentileA earning 
 
 ■ 273.*^' ' * very ufetui to him : for as the Husbandman firfl waters the foil,and then 
 cafls in the Seed, fo the notions he derived out of the Writings of the 
 Gentiles., ferved firfl to w^ater and foften to -yewJ^s aij-rwc, the grofs and 
 teri-cflrial parts of the foul, that the fpiritual feed might be the better 
 cafl in, and take vital root in the minds of men. Belides the Office of 
 a Catechin., he was made Presbyter of the Church of Alexandria., and 
 that at Icart about the beginning of Sevencs his reign,- for under that ca- 
 pacity £/)/f^«« takes notice of him, Jm. CXCV. About which time 
 prompted by his own zeal, and obliged by the iniquity of the times, he 
 let himfelf to vindicate the caufe of Chriftianity both againft Heathens 
 and Heretics, which he has done at large with fingular learning and 
 dexterity in his Book called 5//www/j, publillied about this time j for 
 
 * Strom. 1. 1. p. drawing down a Chronological * accoiuit of things, he ends his computa- 
 33^- tion in the death of the Emperor Commodus. Whence tis e\'ident, as 
 ± ub. 6.C. 6. EHfehiia obfervcs, that he compiled that "V^olumn in the Reign of Seve- 
 /.208. rw that fucceeded him. 
 
 V. THE Perfecution under Sei:'eriAs raged in all Provinces of the 
 Empire, and particularly at Alexandria^ which made many of the Chri- 
 flians for the prcfent willing to retire, and Clemens probably among the 
 
 *5f>-ow4f./.4. reft, whom we therefore find particularly difcourfing f the lawfulnefs 
 ?• 504- of withdrawing in a time of Perfecution : that though we may not 
 
 cowardly decline a danger or death, when 'tis neceflary for the fake of 
 Religion, yet in otjier cafes we are to follow the diredtion of our Sa- 
 viour, when they perjecute you in one City, jke ye into another; and not to 
 obey in fuch a cafe, is to be bold and raOi, and unwarrantably to preci- 
 pitate our felves into danger ; that if it be a great fm againft God to de- 
 llroya man, who is his Image, that man makes liimfelf guilty of the 
 crime, who offers himfelf to tb.e public Tribunal; and little better does 
 he, that when he may, declines not the Perfecution, but rallily expofes 
 himfelf to be apprehended, thereby to his Power confpiring with the 
 wickednefs of his Perfecutors. And if further, he uTitate and provoke 
 them, he is unqueflionably the caufe of his own ruine, like a man that 
 needleflyrouzes and enrages a wild Beaft to fall upon him. And this 
 opportunity I doubt not he took to vifit the Eajiem parts, where he 
 had fludied in his younger days. We find him about this time at Jem- 
 falem with Ale.xander fbortly after Biihop of that place, between whom 
 there feems to have been a peculiar intimacy, infomuch that St. Clemens 
 ^Eiifeb I 6 c- '^^dicated * his Book to him, called 7 he Ecclejiajlical Canon., v -a^^a tU 
 14,^.214. 'IuShia-oi"m.<:, or againfl them that Judaize. During his flay here he 
 iiisrov.inC!c- preached conflanrly, and declined no pains even in that evil time, and 
 
 with
 
 Ihc Life <^/" S\ C I. li M E N s Alcxnnclrinas. 197 
 
 uitli what fuccLTs,\s c ma)' He Ly a piece ol a 1 tuci w ritCLn l.y .ll.xaMder^ 
 then ill Frilon, and Cent by our St.C/cmcns to J>:tici:l.\ wliichwclicrcin- 
 Icrt. ' Ale.\a,itlcr^ u Seri\i)i{ <j QcA, .'.rJ.i rr}j:»crofJ..'fiti Chnjf, to tl.'e'//f^''^{'^' 
 llflJal church at Anticd\ in the Lord > Our Lcrtf Lis nuidc my ' 
 
 l.:.(U 1)1 this time (f tuy i>):/'r/Jountf»t I -■ to tr.c^ wlilc I under' 
 
 jiuidthat AfcIcpiaJcs, .t perjou jdmir.. . ^ I Lyhn citunciicy in tie 
 
 I\iith^ ir.ji l/y the drjiue Frovidctue Iwonu' Jl-jhcp of your holy Church <j 
 Antioch. Concluding, Tl:efe Letters^ worthy lUethreti^ I ha-ve j'cttt you by 
 Clemens, the llcjl'ed I'ltshyter^ a man virtupui .lud .r ■ \ nhom ye both 
 dc, and Jh.tH )et further know, nho kii/n^leeu I . tu accord/ng to 
 
 the good will and Providence of God, has greatly ejlalltjlcd and encreajcd 
 the church of Chrijf. liy wliich Epirtlc \\c may by tlic way remarque 
 tlic error of f Eufcltus. wlio plao '' pi.ida his comini> to the .See ^J"^I^^Z\,^'' 
 ot .-/«//pi/' in the iirll yearot (.;/. , .//>/. CCXIl. ulieicai we fee it 
 was while .-//c'A-.Wfr was yet in Trifon under Scverus^ whicli he himJch 
 makes to be Ann. CCV. From 'Jerufdem then Clemens went to Antioch^ 
 where we cannot queflion but he took tiie fame pains, and laboured 
 with the fame /caland indullry. After w h.ch he returned to Alc.wm- 
 dria, and t he d i fc ha rge of his OfTice, where how long he continued, or 
 by whatdeatli he died, Antiquity is fiient. Certain it is, that forfomc 
 confiderable time lie out-lived l\intunus, whodieil in the time o[' C.iru- 
 call.i : and when he w rote wrote his Sfromj.'.i, he tells us that he did it that 
 he might lay up things in ftore againft Old Age : a plain intimation that 
 he was then pretty far from it. I add no more but what Alcwmder of 
 I/icrnfilcm * fa} s in a letter to Ort^cn, where having told hiin that their* Ap.Etifc!>.!.& 
 friendlhip which had commenced under their Predecellbrs Hiould con-'^'4-/'-*'^ 
 tinuc facrcd and inviolable, yea grow more firm and fervent, he adds, 
 " For we acknow ledge for our Fathers thofe blelled Saints, who are gone 
 *' before us, and to w hom we Ihall go alter a little time ; J'antcrnus I mean, 
 " the trul} happy, and my Mailer; and the holy Clement, my Mafler, 
 " and one that was greatly ufeful and helpful to me. 
 
 \'I. TO commend this excellent man after the gr(; at rhings ipokcn 
 of him by the Ancients, were to hold a Candle to the Sun. Let us hear 
 the character wliich fomc of them give of hiin. The holy and the bUii-. d 
 Clemens, a man very virtuous and approved, as we have fecn Alexander 
 \^\\\\oY oi 'Jerufalem., who knew him befl, tcflifying of him. Indeed his 
 zeal and piety, modcfly, and huinility, could not but endear him unto 
 all. For his learning, he was in t St. Hieroms judgement the mofl learned t Epft- */ 
 of all the Ancients. A man admirably learrcdand skilful, ardthat fearchcd ^^A»-<>'" ?■ 
 to the very lotttm of all the learning cf the Creeks with that exadnejs that 
 . perhaps few before him ever attained to, fa) s * St. C) ril of Alexandria. An * Crrtr ?,. '; -n 
 hoh man \^ fays "f" Theodoret^ *^ ^roAt/Tftp.a arrxytxi arrXiTviir, a>.d one that ^ 
 for his v.-.fl and diQufwe learning ircomparably Jurpajjid all other men. Nor ^turet.td'ul. 
 was he lefs accurate in matters of Theology, than humane Learning ; an Aij.-. 6/^. 197- 
 incomporable Mailer in the Chrillian I'hilofoph)-, as I'.ujcbiui fliles 
 him. Witnefs his many Books, crow dcd, as * F.ujibius tells us, with \ a- • /: i::!i6x. 
 ricty and plenty of ufeful knc'W ledge, derived (as t St.///erww adds , both }.]//-^'.l, ,„ 
 from the holy Scriptures and fecular learning, wherein there is nothing r.fw.^A^ 
 unlearned, nothing that is not fetclicd out of the very center aiul Aitj"- O'-'*- 
 bowels of Philofophy. The titles of them thofe two Authors have"'' 
 prefervcd, the far greatefl part of the Books the:' 
 rilhed, among which the moft mtmoralle was the ^-,w ■,■;
 
 1^8 The Life ^/ S. C l e m e n s Alcxandriiuis. 
 
 cjf hflitutmi, fo often cited by Enfehius^ which contained Ihort and 
 •o^.cix.ro/. 11 ridl explications of many palTagcs of holy Scriptures, wherein * fhc- 
 ^^'' tins tells us there were many wild and impious opinions, as, That Matter 
 
 was eternal, and that Iflcca^ were introduced by certain Decrees, tliat 
 there is a tranfmigration of Souls, and were many Worlds before Aduyi^ 
 that the Son is among the number of Created Beings, and that the Word 
 was not really marfc t'lcjh^ but only appeared fo, and may more Q?.cic- 
 (p»l^i TT^jtToAoT^'ttf, mcfijh-ous Blafphemies : But withal infinuates, that 
 ■iJpol.pro. 0- probably thefe things were inferted by another hand, as f Rufinus ex- 
 rig.imer.oper. p^cfly alTurcs US, that Hetctics bad corrupted Clcman his Writings. 
 f.'"^^.""' '^' Certainly liadthsfe Books been infeded with thefe prophane and poy- 
 fonous (dogmata in Eufehius his time, we can hardly think, but that he 
 would have given us at leafb fome obfcure intimations of it. And con- 
 fiderable it is what fbot/us obfervcs, that 'thefe things are not counte- 
 nanced by his other Books, nay, many of them plainly contradicled by 
 them. 
 
 VII. THE Books yet extant (befidcs the little Trcwl, cntituled, T,'i o 
 OT.^oV^j©. cT^.sCT©., lately publiihed ) are chiefly three, which feem to 
 have been written in a very wife and excellent order, the Ag^ ©. Y^^. 
 IfSTTTiy^^e, or Exhortation to the Ger,t'iles, t\\zPa;dagogus, or Chriftian In- 
 flruftcr, and the Stromatj^ or various Difcourfes ; in the firft he very 
 rationally refutes the follies and impieties of tlie (jcntile Religion, and 
 flrongly pefuadcs men to embrace Chriflianity ; in the fecond he tu- 
 tors and inflructs new Converts, and by the moft admirable rules, and 
 parhctical infinuations prepares and forms them to an holy and truly 
 Chriftian lilc .- in the third he adminifters flroiig meat to them that arc 
 pf a more full age ^ a clearer explication of .the Chriftian Doctrine, and a 
 more particular confutation both of 6"f ;/;'//(? and Heretical opinions, ad- 
 mitting the Difciplc after his firft purgation and initiation mtoa more 
 immediate acquaintance, with the facred Myfteries of Religion. His 
 * Vtd.Eufeh.l. Stromata * are nothing but Mifcellaneous Difcourfes compofcd out of the 
 ■'^' '^■^■^'^" holy Writings, and the Books of the Gentiles^ explaining and (asocca- 
 fionis) confuting the opinions of the (7/rf/'jr and Barhar/aas, the Senti- 
 ments of Philofophers, the notions of Heretics inferring variety of Sto- 
 ries, and Treafures out of all forts of Learning; which as himfelf tells 
 t Sfrw!./. I . *. yg + \^Q therefore ftiled Stromata. that is, a var'nxated ccntesture of 
 *Lib!7v.766 ^(/^''''■''fi^y and which * he compares not to a curious Garden, wherein 
 the Trees and Plants are difpofed according to the exacleft rules of 
 Method and Order, but to a thick ihady Mountain, whereon Trees of all 
 forts, the Cjprefs and the Flantane, the Laurel and the h')\ the Apple 
 the Olive^ and the Eig-trec^ promifcuoufly grow together. In the tv\-o 
 t Loc.y?//)r.of. former of his Books (as f 7'/y>//w obferves) hisftile is florid, butfet ofl" 
 col. 288. ^\^\^ ^ ^yj;!! proportioned gravity, and becoming variety of Learning : 
 In the latter he neither deligncd the ornaments of Eloquence, nor would 
 *^;/„yj,^>.4^. the nature of his defign well admit it, as he truly * Apologies for him- 
 767- felf ; his main care t was fo to exprcfs things that he might be under- 
 
 »i . if^gs. £|.^^j^ ^^^ further eloquence than this, he neither ftudied nor defired. 
 t vbi fufU Tf in thefe Books of his there be what '' Thotius affirms,fome few things 
 here and there h-^^^ijiw^ not foundly or warily expreucd, yet nor, as he 
 adds, likethofe of the ffypotypofes, but capable of a candid and benign 
 interpretation, not confidcrably prejudicial ci'-her to the DoSrineand 
 pradice of Religion, and fuch as are generally to be met with in the 
 
 Writers
 
 The Life of S.C I- ^MEN s Alcxnndnnus. 1 99 
 
 Writers of tliolc early iAgc?. Ami it is no wonder, if the good and pi- 
 ous nr n ot tliolc times, who were continually engaged in fierce difputes 
 with HeatJKns on the one fide, and 'jcnsmd Heretics on the other, 
 did nor always op^loyiav^ divide the truth jri^ht^ in fomc nicer lines 
 and Urokesot it. The l)e(l is, their great piety and (erviceablenefs in 
 their (Jenerations, wlulethey lived, and tlie fingiilar ufciulners of their 
 Writings to Foderity fince they arc dead, are abundantly enough to 
 weigh down any little failures or millakesthat dropt Irom tlicm. 
 
 His Writings 
 
 Extant. 
 Frotrept'icon ad Gcntes. 
 Furdjji^o^iy Libri IFF. 
 5/rOTw.;/fwi, I.ibri VIFF. 
 Orjt. Qujjnam dnes ille Jit^quifjl- 
 
 vetur. 
 Epitome DoilriHiC Orierttj/is 77'f<?- 
 
 dotiy^c. 
 
 Not Extant. 
 //yp0t\po/eoL)i\, jeu JnHitutionuniylJi- 
 bri VIII. 
 
 Canon Ecclefiajlkus. 
 feu 
 Adverft4s Judjizjntes. 
 De Vajchate. 
 De Oltreihtione. 
 DifpHtJtiones de Jejunio. 
 EJ.'ortJtio ad Fatientiam ad AVo- 
 
 phjtos. 
 
 Suppofititious. 
 Comment ariol J in Frim. Canon team 
 
 S. Fetri^ in EPifloLun Jnd,c^ ^ tres 
 
 JOi, 
 
 Epijhlas S. Joannis Apojloli. 
 
 The End of S. CLEMENS Akxandrijins\ Life. 
 
 THI
 
 201 
 
 THE L I P E OF 
 
 TERTULLIAN 
 
 1' R K S 15 V T E R O F 
 
 CARTHAGE. 
 
 His ttjwes, whence. His Father, who. Ills EJucat'ion in aSihtli of Uar- 
 ning. His ikiU in the Roman Laws. Different from Tcrtylian the 
 
 Lawyer. His way of life before h/s con-.erjton^ enquire 
 
 D d 
 
 trcd into. Hn mar- 
 rifff
 
 202 
 
 The Life <?/ T e r t u l l i a n. 
 
 * Hicrm. de 
 fcript.in Ter- 
 tul. Niceph. H. 
 Eccl. /.4.C.34. 
 
 t DcPnlc.i. 
 p. ii2.<j) Apo- 
 hg.c:<).p.^. 
 
 ried coyuliiion. Jin Converfion to Chrift'ian'ity, ivl:e». The great cruelty 
 ufed toivards the ChriJFians. Sevcrus his hinrlnefa to them. TcrtulliarTj- 
 excellent Apology hi their behalf. His adelrefs to ^cv^vX^^andthi ten- 
 Aemy of that difcoitrjh Severus his violent perfecutitig the Chrijlians. 
 His prohibit ion of the Heteria:. Tertiillian'5 Bock to the the Martyrs^ avd 
 coKcerning Patience. His zeal againjl HerefieSy and Writings that Kay 
 His Book De Pallio, ivken written, and upon nhat occajwn. His be- 
 coming Presbyter, when. His Book De Corona, and nhat the occafion 
 of it. His declining from the Catholic Tarty. Montanus rcho and 
 whence. His principles and pr apices. TertullianV owning them, and 
 upon what occajwn. His morofe and Jlubborn temper. How far he com- 
 plied with the Montanifts, and acknowledged the Paraclete. How he 
 was impofed upon. His writings againjl the Catholics. The fcverity of 
 ' the ancient Difcipline. Epifcopus Epifcoporum, in whatfenje meant by 
 Tertullian concerning the Bijhop o/Rome. His feparate meetings at 
 Cartilage. His death. His Character. His fingular parts and learning. 
 His Books. His phrafe and flile. What contributed to its perplexed- 
 nefs and obfcurity. His un'Orthodox opinions. A brief plea for him. 
 
 Z) I NTZJ S Septimius Florens Tertullianus, was 
 (as the Ancients * affirm, and himfelf f implies 
 when he calls it his (Country ) born at Carthage, 
 the Metropolis of Afric, famous above all others 
 for Antiquity, Sovereignty, and Power, info- 
 much that for fome Ages it contended for glory 
 and fuperiority even with Rome it fclf. He was 
 called Septimius, becaufe defcended of the Gens 
 Septimia, a Tribe of great account among the 
 Bor/ians, being firfl Regal, afterwards Plebeian, and laft of all Confular 
 and Patrician. Florens from fome particular Family of that Houfe, fo 
 called, and Quint us ( a title common among the Romans ) probably be- 
 caufe the fifth child which liis Parents had ; and Tertullian, a derivative 
 from Tertullus, it is like from his immediate Parent. His Father was a 
 Souldier, a Centurion under the Troconful of Afric ( called therefore by 
 S. Hieroni and others Centurio Troconfularis ) not a man of Frcconfular 
 dignity, as fome make him ; he was a Gentile, in which Religion Tertul- 
 lian alfo was brought up , as himfelf * confefles. He was educated in 
 all the accomplifhments which the learning either of the Greeks or Ro- 
 m.ans could add to him , he feems to have left no paths untraced, to 
 have intimately converfed with Poets, Hifiorians. Orators, not to have 
 looked only, but to have entered into the fecrets of Philofophy and 
 the Mathematics, not unfeen inPhyfic, and the curiofities of nature,and 
 t H. Eccl. I. 2. as Eujcbiiis t notes, a man famous for other things, but efpecially admira- 
 c.2.f.4i. |r,iy skilled in the Roman Laws; though they who would hence infer 
 him to have been a profefled Lawyer , and the fame with him v\ hofe 
 Excerpt J are yet extant in the Fandecls , are guilty of a notorious mi- 
 flakc, the name of that Lawyer being Tertylianus ; befides that diilb- 
 nancy that is in their ftile and language. Or fuppofe w ith others that 
 this Tertylian w as one of Papinians Scholars in the reign of Alexander 
 Severus, he muft by this account be at lead thirty years after theothers 
 Converfion to Chriftianity. The original of the Errour doubtlefs arofe 
 from the nearnefs and fimilitude of the names, and the chara6ler of his 
 
 skill 
 
 * Apol.c.i^. 
 T- '7.
 
 The Life /?/ T e r t u l m a n. 
 
 20-] 
 
 skill in the Rman Laws gi\tn by /r«yf///a,whicli indeed is evident frnni 
 his Works, and efpecially his Afvlo^y for theChrinians. 
 
 If. W n AT u hat his particular coiirCe ot'Iit^ bclore he canic ovlt to 
 the ChriflianRclit^ion, is uncertain. Ihcy tliat conceive Iiini to have 
 be^n an Advocate, and publicly to have i)lL.Kled C aiifes, bccaufe alter 
 his Converfion lie' lays of himlelf, that he o.ved nothing; to the Fc.Ti<?Aic.%. 
 runi^ took up no place amon^ the AV//v, made no noile anion<; the^ "' 
 benches, did not tols about the Laws, nor clamour out C au!es, as it he 
 had done all this betbre, might by the fame rc-albn conclude him to have 
 Lcen a Souldicr, becaule he adds in the lame place, that he owed notliiiij^ 
 ■ to theCamp, \\ itli fomc other Olliccs there mentioned by him. That 
 he was married is evident, though u hetlier before or alter his embracing 
 the Chrillian Faith, I cannot pofitively determine, probably befoi'e. 
 However according to tiie feverity of his principltsjie lived with his wife 
 a great part of his life in a llatcof Continency, convcrfing w ith her as his 
 filler, exhorting her to perpetual ca'libacy,and the utmolt ftridnefles of 
 a fingle hfc,as appears by his two Books written to her upon that Subjc-:!. 
 
 III. HIS converfion toC hriftianity ue may conceive to have hapncd 
 not long alter the l)cginning of AVir/v/y his reign, and a little lefore the 
 cnnclufion of tlie llcond Cxntury. Being a man of an iiKiuiriti\e and 
 fagacious mind, he had obfcrved tlie powerful and triumphant elTicacy 
 ol the Chrillian Faitliover the minds and lives of men, its great Anti- 
 quity, the admirable confenc and truth of the Predi»:lions recorded in 
 the Books of the Chriftians, the frequent Teflimonies which the Hea- 
 then deities themfelves gave to its truth and divinity, the ordinary cow- 
 feilionsof their /\r/w,'wy when forced to abandon the perfons they had 
 pol]elled,at the command of aC hrillian,all wiiich helhews (./'at large (jJ r/^. /<,-'• 
 ( at leafl as u e may probably guefs ) to have been the main inducements ' '' ^°-/' ' . 
 of his Converfion. In the very entrance of the following Seculum^ Sc-^Jitip'^m."^ 
 icrui being gone to make War upon the r.\rthuins^ tlie Magiftratcs at 
 P.omc^ and proportionably the Governours of Provinces, began to hcxx 
 hard upon the Chrillians, l)ehoIding tiiem as infamous perfons, and eljK- 
 cially Traitors to the Empire. Among w horn the mod princijul per- 
 fon, I doubt nor, was /V.;«//./w.Yy, a man in great favour w ith the I .m|H:- 
 rour, whole daughter was married to Antoninus the F.mperour's eldeH 
 .Son, and whom Severns at his going Into the F.jjl , lud made Fra-JWl of 
 Ixonw; of him we read, f/) that in the I'lmperours abfence he put to death i''^ Dio.CjJii. 
 an infinite number both of the Nobility and C^ommon People.' . Among ^'''j;,'',!','-^ 
 wliom we cannot queflion but the Chrillians had tiieirs, and' it's like the v ^ ■ / >-:> 
 far grcateft Iharc. And lb notorious was the cruelty, that {c)Scverus at /^) sp^mjiini 
 his return was forced to apologise for himfclf, that he had no hand in it. tirSMr.c.ty 
 And indeed Sivous in tlie firll part of his reign (was as TcrndliMt in-^55'• 
 forms v/; us) very benign and favourable to the Chriflians; for having (J) wiSiv;«/, 
 been cured of a dangerous diflcmjxr by one Preen/us a Chriflian, \sho'-4-f 7'. 
 anointed him with oyl , he kept him at Court with him ever after. 
 Nor did his kindnels terminate here, for when he knew that leveral 
 botli men and Women of iUv Scnj/orun Order were Chrillians, he was 
 fo far from pcrfccuting tliem upon that account, tliat he gave them art 
 h )nojra[)le tertimony, and reHraincd the |x;oplo, wlnn ilu-y wne ra- 
 ging againll the Chrillians. This I fupi>olc to have been done at his 
 return from the Farrl'L-n Expedition, when he found both Govcrnoiirs 
 and People engaged in (o hot and levcre a Pcrfecutionofthc Chriflians. 
 
 D d X I\. THI
 
 204. Tie Life <?/ T e r t u l l i a n. 
 
 IV. THE barbarous and cruel ufhgc which the Chriftians generally 
 met with, engaged Tertullian to vindicate and plead their caufe both 
 apainll: the mahce and cruelty of their enemies. For which purpofe he 
 pubhlhed and fent abroad his ^pclcgy^ dedicating it to the Magiflratcs 
 of the Rorn.vi Empire, and efpecially the .Senate at Kcrr.e ( for that he 
 went to Rotne himfelf, and perfonally prefented it to the Se?uite, I conlefs, 
 I fee no convincing evidence ) wherein with incomparable learning and 
 eloquence, with all podible evidence and flrength of reafon he pleads 
 their Caufe, complains of the iniquity and injullice of their enemies, 
 and the methods of their proceedmgs, particularly demonflrates the va- 
 nity and falihood of thofe crimes that were commonly charged upon 
 the Chriflians, arguing their meeknefs and innocency, their temperance 
 and fobriet}', their piety to God, and obedience to their Prince, the rea- 
 lonablenefs of their principles, and the holinefs of their lives, beyond 
 all juft exception. An Apology which undoubtedly contributed towards 
 the cooling and qualifying of the prefent Calentures, efpecially at Se- 
 'venis his return. And indeed it appears not by the whole leries of 
 that Dilcourfe, that the Emperour had given any particular countenance 
 
 * Afolci^.f.'^. to thofe feverities ; nay on the contrary, he exprefly ftiles * him the mojl 
 conjlain Fr'ince. Not long alter this, Tertullian found work nearer 
 home, Scapula the Prefident, and Proconjul of Afrk, ( the fame probably 
 with Scapula Terty lilts ^ a Provincial Prefident, to whom there is a /?f- 
 (■<?) L. 1 4.ff.(/f/'^''''/'^ of ^'"''^'^^ ^nd (iTJC^^ww^i^/^y) treating the Chriftians much at the 
 ojjic. py.cfid. fame rate that Plautianna had done at Rome. To him therefore he addrefles 
 ltki.jit.i2. Ji[p-,fcif in a neat and pathetical Difcourfe, reprefenting the Ironefty and 
 fimplicity of Chriftians, and their hearty prayers and endeavours for the 
 profperity of the Empire, and thofe particular inftances of feverity 
 which the Divine Providence had lately inflicted upon it, which could 
 not be rcafonably fuppofed to have been fent upon any other errand, fo 
 much as to revenge the innocent blood that had been fhed ; laying be- 
 fore him the clemency and indulgence of former Princes and Prefi- 
 dents, yea and of the prefent Emperour himfelf, fo great a friend to 
 CJiriflians, A plain evidence that this Book was written at this time, 
 before Severus broke out into open violence againfl them. 
 
 V. T H E Chriflians now enjoyed a little relpite : but alas it was but 
 like the intermitting fits of a Fever, which being over, the paroxyfm re- 
 
 (h)Eufeb.chro. tmns with a fiercer violence, Am. Chr. CCII.iVx'f/vX. (^.thePerfecu- 
 adeundemAn. ^^^^ rcvived, and was now carried on by the command of the Emperour, 
 (c)yEL spamn. For Severus in his journey through Paleftin forbad (c'jany under thehea- 
 "j'"p'i'^^2'^' viefl penalties to become Jews ; and the fame Orders he ifiiiedout con- 
 cerning Chrillians. The general pretence it's like was the prohibiting 
 the Heter'uc, or unlawful Societies, (which we have elfewhere defcribed) 
 {d)L. 1. ff.de for fuch a Refcript {clplpian mentions, whereby Severm forbad the illegal 
 'ml%e''f'^^' ^^^^^^^-S commanding the perfons frequenting them to he accufed be- 
 Tu.i2.i,b.i'. fore the Prafetl of the City, in wliich number they ufually beheld the 
 Chriflians ; though I doubt not but there were (^ as Spartianm plainly 
 affirms ) particular Edi£h iffucd out againft them. The People, who 
 could hardly be held in before, having now the reins thrown upon 
 their necks, and fpurred on by the Imperial Orders, ran apace upon the 
 WE/#.H.&. execution, fo that the Churches in all places (c.) were filled with Martyr- 
 ^t/)\ld'T6 '^'oms and the blood of the faints, and it grew fo hot, that (/ ) jf /^^f a 
 f2oS. ' Writer of thofe Times drawing down Jiis Chronology oi Daniels LXX 
 
 Weeks,
 
 The Life <7/^ T e r t u 1. 1. 1 a n. 205 
 
 Weeks, to this Year, Iji'okc o(] his cnmputation, Ilippofing that tlie fo 
 much celebrated conicing of AHticl.rtJi uas now at lund. .So excee- 
 dingly la)s theHillorun ^ were the niiiulsot many Ih.ikcnand diiliir- 
 bcil with the prelent Perl'ecution. Zcv/.-.-.V/j/.-, tli.u he niiglit fpcjlc a 
 ui>r.l in lealDn, took hoklot the prelent opportunit), and wrote to th-j 
 Martyrs in prilon.to comfort them under tiseir luUerings,and exhort tliem 
 to conftancy and final perfeverance; as ahblbrthe fame reafon and 
 about the lame tnne he pubHlhed his Dilcourfe concerning Patience, 
 ulierein lie very elegantly delcrilKsthe advantages and c<jmmendations 
 of that Vertuc, and cfpeciallv urges it from the example of (Jod, our 
 blelled Saviour, and fpeaks thereui more lavourably than he ilid afier- 
 wards of retiring in a time of I'erfecution. Nor was he lefs Witchlul 
 to defend and preferve the C hurch from trrour and Herefie, writing 
 his I'ruJcr/^t/oM jg.iinjt Heretics^ ( tor that it was written about this time 
 is evident trom feveral paflages, efpecially where he mentions the time 
 of Perfecution, the place of the ////.vwj/, the perlon of the Judge, the 
 bringing forth of Lions, and the like, ) whereui lie enumerates atul in- 
 fills upon the feveral Hcrefies which had infelled the (diurch till that 
 time; cenlLirmg and confuting their abfurd oj'inions, and promifing *a *i^Pic .ft. 
 more dillin^l: and particular confutation ot them atteiwards. Wlucli "'""' '^■♦'' 
 accordingly he pertormed in liis Difcourfes againd the 7'"""> againd 
 / /c'/mngenesythc f'u/fnf/n/j>iSyALtrcioff,rnj\i'a(y and lome others ol their 
 Profelytes and Difciplcs, and fomc of the MoHtamJls thcmfelvcs, wri- 
 ting aprticular Tra.t concerning y).;/>///w;, and the ufe of Water in it, 
 and its nccellity to falvation, againft QhihiiU.i a woman of great note 
 and cminency among the follov\ ers of fllontjHus^ what value focvcr he 
 afterwards lecmed to put upon thatSccl. 
 
 VI. A BOUT the X^^ o( Scverus, Ami.Chr.CCYW.hi: publillKd liis 
 Hook Dc FjiJio \x\>or\ this occafion. He had lately left otFthc Gouw, 
 tlie Garment ordinarily worn in all parts of the Ho>ti.vt I'.mpirc, and 
 had put on the Cloak., the ufual habit ol' Pliilofophers, and of allthofc 
 f -hrillians that entered upon a fevertr flate of life, as we hav e lliewn 
 in the life of Jujhn Martyr, Hereupon he was derided by them of 
 Cirtha^e for his ligiitnefs and vanity, in fo u antonly skipping .; h-qj ad 
 Pa/Jiuni., from the Gown to the Cdoak, faiyrically taxing his inconftancy 
 in turning from one courfe of life to another. To vindicate himlclf lie 
 writes this Difcourfc, wherein he puts forth the keennefs of a Sarcaflic 
 Wit, and fpreads all the fails of his Jjinan elotjuence, retorts the cafe 
 upon hi-> accufers, ihews the antiijuity , fimjilicity, eafinefs, and gra- 
 \ity of his habu, and fmartly upbraids that luxury and protligalitj' 
 that had over-run all orders and ranks of men. And that this was 
 done about this time, and not at his firfl taking upon him tjie prol'ellion 
 of ( hrillianity, is judicioully oblerved and urged by Barc/t/its f , and \^dAnH.\')y. 
 more tully proved by the learned Salnulms in his notes upon that Book."'" ■'''^ 
 Indeed the circumftanccs mentioned by * Tertul/ian do not well fuit w ith * t);P4i::.;f. 
 any other time, as the prujcutn Imperii trrplcx i/rtus, wliich cannot rea- ^ f "^ 
 lonably be meant of any, but Scicrns and his two .Sons, AntoHiuin and 
 GVrj, whence in fcvcral ancient infcriptions the) are put together un- 
 der the title of AZJG7J S 1 1^ and l-mpcrours ; the prefcnt happin^fs, 
 fecurity, enlargement, and tranquilhty ol the /^(7wj« State, \sliichthcfc 
 iluve powers ot the Kmpire had made like a well-cultivated Field, era- 
 Hicato omnt acomto holhlitatis^ every i>oylbnous v^eed ot hollility and fe- 
 
 dition
 
 2q6 The Life ^/ T e r t u l l i a n. 
 
 dition being rooted up,\vith a great deal more to the fame purpofc. tVliicI 
 evidently refers both to his Conqucfl: of refiamius Niger, \\ ho ufur} c. 
 the Empire, and w horn he overthrew and killed ixt.Cyzkum in the £.?//, 
 i Eufib.chmi. and to his lad years Vidory (as f Eufchiits places it ) over Clcdius AlLinis 
 ndeimd.Ann. jj^d his Party, wliom hc fubdued and flew at lAor?s in France , for at- 
 tempting to make himfelf Emperour, as aftcrv\'ards he came into Bn- 
 *spart.invit. f^,-,j,_^ (^maximum ej US Imperii D^Twj-jasthe *Hiftorianfli!esit, the grcatefi: 
 t-w,. c. I . i^QpQyj. jj^j ornament of his Empire ) where hc conquered the Na- 
 ti\es, and fecured his Conquefls by the famous Fids VVa/l which hcj 
 built : by which means he rendred the State of the Roman Empire pa- 
 cate and quiet. At the fame time we may fuppofe it was that Tertulljan 
 was waAQ,?reslyrer of Carthage^ and that that was the particular occa- 
 fion of altering his habit , and aduming the Philofophic Faliiim, the 
 Clergy of thofe times being generally thofe who took upon them 
 an Aj'cetic courfe of life , and tor which reafon doubtlcfs the Cloak is 
 (,i)ibid.c.4p. called by Tertu/Iian in his Dialcft (.7), Sacerdos Suggrff/t<, the Prieflly ha- 
 \b)cbron ad ^^^' Accordingly {h) Eufehius takes notice of him this very year as bc- 
 ^w.CGViii. coming famous in the account and efteemof all Chriftian Churches. 
 
 VII. BEFORE Seven's left Rome in order to his Britanic expedition, 
 were folemnized the Decennalia of Antoninus CaracaUa, \\'hen befldes 
 many magnificent Sports and Shews, and a T.argefs beflovv'ed upon the 
 People, the Emperour gave a Donative to the Souldiers, which every 
 one that received, was to come up to the Tribune with a Laurel Crown 
 (c)DeCom! '^P°" ^^^ hc2iA. Among the reft tliere was one a (cjClniftian, who 
 Miiit.c.i.f. brought his Crown along with him in his hand, and being asked the 
 100. reafon why like others he wore it not upon his head? anfwered, he 
 
 could not for that he was a Chriftian. A Council of War was prefently 
 called, and the man accufed before the General, ftripped of his Military 
 ornaments, his Cloak, Shoes, and Sword, unmercifully beaten, till he was 
 died in his own blood, and then caft into prifon, there expefting Mar- 
 tyrdom, and a better donative and reward from Chrift. The reft of 
 the Chriftians, who were Fellow-Souldiers in the fame Army, took of- 
 fence at his over-nice fcrupulofity. What was this but needlefiy 
 to betray their liberty, and to facrifice the general quiet and peace of 
 Chriftians to one man's private humour ? to give the common Enemy 
 too juft a provocation to fall upon them ? where did the Laws of their 
 ReUgion forbid fuch an innocent compliance, nay rather not only give 
 leave, but command us prudently to decline a danger, by withdrawing 
 from it? what was this but a fturdy and an affeclcd fingularity, as if he 
 had been the only Chriftian ? TertuUian, whofe mighty zeal engaged 
 Iiim to be a Patron to whatever had but the ihadow of ftriftnefs and fe- 
 verity , prefently fet himfelf to defend the fa6>, and wrote his Book 
 Ve Corona Militis^ wherein he cries up the Aft as an heroic piece of 
 Zeal and Chriftian Magnanimity, not only warrantable, but honoura- 
 ■ We, not only lawful, but juft and ncceflary, fortifying his aflertion 
 
 with fevcral arguments, and endea\'ouring to difabJc the moft fpecious 
 objeilions that were made againft it. This Military Aft,and FertuHiarPs 
 vindication of it, hapncd ( as v\^e have here placed it ) Ann. Cbr. CCVIII. 
 Sever. XVI. while others refer it to the year CXCIX. Sever. VII. when 
 , the Emperour by the decree of the Senate created his elder Son Antc- 
 ninus Em.perour, and his younger GVa?, Ccvfvy in tcftimony whereof he 
 ^ entertained the People with various Shews and Solemnities, and le- 
 
 ft owed
 
 'I he Life of T eki uiii as. 2-7 
 
 Houcd a Dctuitive U|X)n the Soulilars. It the Reader hke this period 
 of time Utter, I uill nor contend with him, it Ixingwlut I my leh upon 
 lecoiid thoughts do not think improbable. 
 
 \'lli. lib' r let htm th.ii tl'nikcth lcll.irfl(rl\ take I ecfl Ifjllr (.ill. 7ir- 
 tu///.w^\\\\o had hitherto fttxxl firm and right in the Communion ol the 
 ( athoHc ( hiirih, I ig.m no\v,al>out the midiile ot this Age, lays * S./Z/r- * '*" ^ 'f*- 
 i\M ^ which I am inclinable rather to uiuleilland ot his Age as a ( liri- " 
 llian, than the current ol his lite ) to incline tovs aids the erroursot' the 
 MoHtAnijii. Ot which Ulore we give an account, it may not be ainifs 
 a Httle to enquire into the Autliorand Trinciplesot' that "^ecl. f Mcutu- U'etScifr^P. 
 tiui uas l)ornat .;,•,/.;/•.;, alirtle Village in Msju in the confines ol /'/•/•)- '"""/.'l' ^^ ' *^' 
 ^/./, where about ihe latter times ot AHtoniHus /'/«y, bur elJH.ci:illy in ff;-^fj.,(;u/<-, 
 the reign of his Succetlbr, he Ixgan to Ihew himlelt". I'r/ele and an im- '^ ^ '*4' 
 moderate ambition Utiayed the man into the jn.trc ,infl iottfh-,>i>t.iH(>n (j*^\!\\\\*'p^' 
 the Deiil. At uhicji breach .s'.;/.;*; having entered, took |xi|]cilion of '■"; i ■ '• 
 the man, who a^ ted by the inlluencc of an evil Spirir, was wont on a fud- ' 
 dain to tall into F.nthufiaftic fits and Fcllatic raptures, and while he was ^'.'223. ^ 
 in them, in a furious anl a Irantic manner he |>oued out wild and un- 
 heird of things, prophecying ot u hat w as to come in a way and llrain 
 tliar had not been ufed hitherto in the ( hurch. Profelytes he wanted 
 nor,t]iat came over to his Party. At firfl only tome tiL-wof iiisCountrv- 
 nien, t he /'/•/ »'^/.;wj whence his Se;l derived the title of Cat.iphr\q(>'^ were 
 drawn into the Ihare, whom he inllru letl in the Arts of Evil ipeaking, 
 teaching them to reproach the w hole (hriflian Church for rcluhng to en- 
 tertain and honour his IM'eudo-Prophctic Spirit, the tame Spirit on the con- 
 trary j-ironouncing them blelled that joyned themfehes to this new Pro- 
 phet, ami Iwelling them with tiie miglity hopes and }>romifes of what 
 lliould happen to them, tbmctimes alto gently reproving and condemning 
 them. Amongthe rell of his Didiplcstwo women weieel'pecially remar- 
 kable, /V//t.;,and M.ixinii//,', whom having firft corrupted, he imparted 
 his n.cmoMto them, whereby they were prefently enabled to utter the 
 mofl frantic, incoherent and extravagant Difcourfes. 1 he truth is lie 
 fecmcJ to lay his Scene with all imaginable cratr riivl tubtlety ; in the 
 great and foundation-principles ot lleligion he agreed witli the Catho- 
 hcs, embraced entirely tiie holy Scriptures, and pretended that he mufl: 
 receive the gilts of Divine Grace extraordinarily contlrred upon him, 
 w hich he gave out were more immediately the Holy Ghofl : he made 
 a lingular lliew of fome uncommon rigours and feverities in Religion, 
 gave 1 aws for more ftricT: and lolemn Fafls, and more frequently to be 
 obferved, than were among the Orthodox, taught Divorces to Ix: law- 
 ful, and torbad all fecond marriages, called / t-ptz.i and 7>7«///w, two 
 little Tow nsof rhr\<^ij^ JiruJJem^ that fo he might the more plaufibly 
 invite (implc and unwary Profelytes to llwk thither. And lx;cau(c 
 he knew no furer way to oblige luch }x;rfons as would be fer\ iceabic 
 to him, than by Propnfals of gain and advantage, he uled all methods 
 of extorting money trom his deluded tbllowers, elpecially under the 
 notion of Gifts and OlVerings, tor which purpol'e lie api»oinred (ollc- 
 ttors to receive the Oblations that were brought in, with whicli he 
 maintained under-OiTicers, and paid Salaries to thoic that propagated 
 his DoiVrines up and down the World. Such were the Arts, fuch the 
 principles of the Sccl firfl ftartetl by Alp»tjn'«s; what additions were 
 made bv his follow crs in after-Ages, I am not now concerned to enquire. 
 
 IN. A I lA-
 
 2o8 The Life ^/Tertullia 
 
 N. 
 
 IX. ALLURED with the fmooth and fpccious pretences of tiiis 
 Se6V, TertuUian began to look that way, though the particular occafion 
 *Vhifufra of his ftarting afidc * S. ///mw tells US, was the envy and rcproacJies 
 ■vid.Nicefk I. ^yj^ich ]ie met with from the Clergy of the Church of Rome. 1 hey that 
 4C-I ■f''^'^^ (^Q^^Qy^rc him to hav'efuedfor the See o^ Carthage ^ vacant by the death 
 of Agrippinus, and that he wasoppofed and repulfed in it by the C lergy 
 of Rome, and fo highly refented the affront, as thereupon to cjuit tlie 
 Communion of the Catholic Church, talk at random, and little confidcr 
 the mortified temper of the man, and his known contempt of the World. 
 Probable it is, that being generally noted for the cxceffivc and over- 
 rigorous ftridltnefs of his manners, he had been charged by feme of the 
 Roymn Clergy for compliance with Montanns, and it may be admonifhed 
 to recant , or difown thofe Principles. Which his flubborn and refo- 
 lute temper not admitting, he was together with Prcclus and the refl 
 of the Catiiphryg/aM Party cut ofi by the Bilhop oi Rome from all Com- 
 munion with that Church. For there had been lately a difputation 
 held at Rome betw^een Caius, an ancient Orthodox Divine, and Trocli's^ 
 fLih.e.c. 20. one of the Heads of the Montaniji Party ( as t Eujchius who read the 
 ^ 6^^w'^ "^f j' account of it publiflied by Cams , informs us ) wherein Proclus being 
 IcnptJilcaio' w orfted, was together with all the followers of that Se6f excommuni- 
 *D^;ey««.c.i.cated, and 7>/-/«//m» himfelf among the refl, as he fufficiently * intimates. 
 P-5U- This, a man of a morofe and unyielding difpofition , and who could 
 
 brook no moderation that feemed to intrench upon the Difcipline and 
 Praftice of Religion, could not bear, arid therefore malting light of the 
 judgment and cenfures of that Church, flew off, and joined himfelf to 
 Montams his Party, whofe pretended auftcrities feemed of all others 
 moft agreeable to his humour and genius , and moll exadlly to confpire 
 with the courfe and method of his life. But as it cannot be doubted 
 that he looked no further than to the appearances and pretenfions of 
 that Soil (not feeing the corrupt Springs by which the Engine was ma- 
 naged within ) fo it is mofl rcafonable and charitable to conceive, that 
 he never underilood their principles in the utmofl latitude and extent 
 of them. If he feems fometimes to acknowledge Mont anus to be the 
 Paraclete that was to come into the World, probably he meant not 
 fomething diftinft from the Holy Spirit beIlov\cd upon the Apofllcs, 
 but a mighty power and extraordinary alliflanceof theHoIyGholl flicd 
 upon Montanus , whom God had lent into the World, more fully and 
 perfectly to explain the Do^lrines of the Gofpel, and to urge the rules 
 and inflitutions of the Chriflian life , which our Lord had delivered 
 when he was upon earth, but did not with the greatcfl accuracy the 
 things were capable of, the minds of men not being then duly qualified 
 to receive them. That for this end he thought Akntanus inveflcd with 
 miraculous powers and a fpirit of Prophefie (^ a thing not unufual even 
 in thofe times ) and might believe his two PropheteHes to le acled with 
 the fame fpirit. All which might confifl with an honcfl mind, impofed 
 upon by crafty and plaufible pretences. And plain it is that for lome 
 confiderable time Montanus maintained the reputation of great piety, 
 zeal, fanftity, and extraordinary gifts, before he was difco\'ered to the 
 World. And TertuUian in all likelihood had his accounts concerning 
 him, not from himfelf, but from Proclus, or fome others of the Parry, 
 who might eafily delude him, efpecially in matters of tail, with folfe in- 
 formations. However nothing can be more e\ident , than that he 
 
 lookc!
 
 ihc Life of T E K T 11 L L I A N. OQ^ 
 
 looked * u|H)n tlicfc new Proi>litts as inno\ating nothing in the rhiici- * 
 I'lcs ol" (linllianit), that .'/. w/.;w.'/j I'rcachul rioothcrHjoJ, nor ;i:fcii- 
 cd any thing to tiic prcjiiilic: o[ our bk-.icil Saviour, nor luUtrtui 
 any rule of hiith or Hope, but only introduced greater fcverities than 
 other men : iliac he was not the Author, but the reftorer ot Dilcipline, 
 and only reduced things to th.it ancient Hri-tnefs, from which he lu|>- 
 poleil tliey had degenerated, elieciaily in the cales oi ca-JiLacy, llngic 
 inarriagti, and luch hkc, as he t more than once panicubrly tells us. t ni/i/*- Afr- 
 Nottolay, x\\M Mnt.nnn his followers (asisufual with the attcr-brood 'f"";'' '-f 
 of every *«cct ) adu ted many things, which their Mailer himfch - r ^^ " '^ /J 
 dreamt of,which)et Without dilhncl ion are laid at his door,anil/f/ ^ 
 
 too bccaulc a favourer of the Farty, drawn into the guilt, and made lia- **"*'''• 
 bic to man)- improvements, to thz Hay and StuhLle which the buccetlbrs 
 of that Sect built upon it. 
 
 X. BUT however it was, he flomached his Excommunication, and 
 was liighly ollended at the loofncl's and remifncfs of the Difciplinc 
 among the Catholics, whom with great fmannels he perfecutts under 
 the name of /'/n/vtv, or ,-////»;.;/ pcrl'ons, as thole that took too much 
 liberty in their manners and pradticcsof Devotion, ftiling lis own Tarty 
 Spirit jUs^ as whom he thought more immedbtely guided by the ""pinr, 
 more pleiif ifull\ endowed with tiie gilts of it, and converfant in a mote 
 di\uic and Ipiritual life. .Againll ihele /y)f/7a hcprefently pubhllxd 
 a TrafV Ve jejunn.'^ wherein he defends the Alcntjnijh in the obfcrva- 
 tion of their Fafls, their abllinencc from Helh, and fexding only upon 
 dried meats, their .Stationary days, and the keeping them till the very 
 evening, while the Orthodox broke up theirs about three of the 
 Cdock in the afternoon ; in all \s hich rcfjiccls he makes many tart and 
 Icvere re(le:lions upon them. Indeed the devotions of thofc times 
 were brisk and fervent, their ufages ftrict and punctual, their F.cclefia- 
 flic Difcipline generally very rigid and extreme, feldom admitting |x:r- 
 fons that had lapfed after Baptifm to Penance and the Communion of 
 the Church. Ikic this was looked u|X)n by moderate and fol cr men 
 as making the gate too llrair, and that which could not but difcouragc 
 Converts tromeiitring in. Accortiingly ir iKgan to Ix; relaxed in feve- 
 ral places, and particularly the Bilhop of Rome * had lately publilhed nrrtJePiJ,- 
 aconllitution, wherein he admitted perfons guilty of .Adultery and For- "'•'•• 7-5 5 5- 
 nication < and probably oilier crimes) ti> a place among the I'enitents. 
 Agiinfl this Tertulli.m floms, cries up the fevcrity of the ancient Dif- 
 cipline, writes his Book De Pudiciti.i^ wherein hcconfidersanddifputcs 
 the cafe, and agt;ravatcs the greatnefs of thofe oirenres, and undertakes 
 the Arguments thai pleaded for remiilion and indulgence. And if in 
 the mentioning of this Decree the Bilhop of Home be iiikdfpi/copMs Fpif- 
 
 portim the C^hampions of that Church before they make fuch ad\jn- 
 i jge of ir, fliould do well to prove it to have been a jxirt of the Decree, 
 or, if it w as, tint it was m:ntioncd by Icrtulhjn as his juft right and pri- 
 vilege, and not rather ( whicli is infinitely more probable) JertNllun's 
 Sarcalm, intended by him as an Ironical rellewlion, and a tart upbraiding 
 i!ie I'ride and Ambition of the Bifliops of th.it ( liurc'i, w!, ■ ' roo 
 much upon them, and began ( as appears from Fo|>e /'a /V^s t ^ to- 
 wards the .[luM Churches in the cafe of £.//?f/-) to domineer over their 
 Brethren, and ufurp an infolent authority over the w hole ChriOian 
 Church. :\nJ that this was his meaning, I am abundantly fatisfied from 
 
 K e C\pr/.iH
 
 210 Th Life ^/Tertullia 
 
 N. 
 
 * yipiid Cypr. * Cypriar?^ ufing the phrafe in this very fcnfe in the famous Synod at Car- 
 f. 232. thaze^ where retleiling upon the radi and violent proceedings of the Bi- 
 
 fliops of Rome ( whom though he particularly names not, } et all who 
 are acquainted with the Story know whom he means ) againfl thofe 
 who were engaged in the caufe of re-baptizing Heretics,he adds, " that 
 " as for themlelves (^ the Bifliops then in the S) nod ) none of them made 
 " hvrakM Bijhop of £i /hops, or by a tyrannical threatning forced his Col- 
 " leagues into a neceility of compliance : fince every Bifliop according 
 " to the power and liberty granted to him, had his proper jurifdidion, 
 " and could no more be judged by another, then he tumfelf cculd judge 
 " others. 
 
 XI. WHETHER ever he was reconciled to the Catholic Com- 
 
 t Auz"fl ^' munion, appears not ; 'tis certain that for the main he forfook the f Cata- 
 
 H^rcf. c. 86. Phrygians, and kept his feparate meetings at Carthage^ and his Church was 
 
 Twj. 6.ro/.3i. y^j. j.gj^j^^ning till St. Attguflin's time, by whofe labours the very reliques 
 
 of his followers, called Tertullianifts, were difperfed, and quite difap- 
 
 peared. How long he continued after his departure from tlie Church, is 
 
 * DeScrip.in Hot known j St. Hierom * fays that he lived to a very decrepit age, but 
 
 lertul. whether he died under the reign of Alexander Severus, or before, the 
 
 Ancients tell us not, as neither whether he died a natural or violent 
 
 death. He feems indeed to have been poflefled with a paflionatedefire 
 
 of laying down his life for the Faith ; though had he been a Martyr, 
 
 fome mention would without peradventure have been made of it in the 
 
 Writings of the Church. 
 
 XIL HE was a man of a fmart and acute wit,though a little too much 
 t Uc. dm. edged with Keenefsand Satyrifm, acris & vehementis ingen'i'i, as f S. Hie- 
 rom characters him, one that knew not how to treat an advcrfary with- 
 out fait and iliarpnels. He was of a ff iff and rugged dilpofition, a rigid 
 Cenfor, inclined to Choler, and impatient of oppofition, a If rict obler- 
 ver of Rites and Difcipline , and a zealous aderter of the highefl rigors 
 and mofl nice feventies of Religion. His learning was admirable, 
 wherein though many excelled, he had no Superiours, and few equals in 
 ^Epift.adMag the Age he lived in : Tertull'iam quid eruditius^quid acuthu > fays S. * Hie- 
 oram.p.-^zi. rom, who adds that his Apology', and Book againll the Gentiles took in all 
 t commtmit. ^^^^ trcafures of Humane Learning, f V'mceniius of Lire gives him this 
 adv.Hj:ref.cap. notuhk Elogiim. " He is juftly [fiys he) to be efteemed the Prince 
 24.^.59.60. u among the Writers of the Latin Church. For what more learned ? 
 " who more converfant both in divine and humane Sudies.'^ who by a 
 " ftrange largenefs and capacity of mind had drawn all Philofophy, and 
 " its feveral Sedis, the Authors and Abettors of Herefies with all their 
 " Rites and Principles, and the whole circumference of Hiftory and all 
 " kind of Study within the compafs of his own breff. A man of fuch 
 " quick and weighty parts, that there was fcarce any thing which be 
 " fet himfelf againft, which he did not either pierce through with the 
 " acumen of his Wit, or batter down with the ftrength and Iblidity of 
 " his Arguments. Who can fulSciently commend his Difcourfcs, fo thick 
 " fet with Troops of Reafons, that whom they cannot perfwade, they are 
 " ready to force to an aflent ? who hath almoft as many fentences as 
 " words, and not more periods, than vidories over thofe whom he hath 
 " to deal with. 
 
 XIII. FOR his Books, though time has devoured many, yet a great 
 number flill remain, and fome of them written after his withdrawment 
 
 from
 
 ihe Life of 'f - '^ " !• i i i ^ • 2\ \ 
 
 rom the- C h ich. His llilc is lor the iikjH part abrtipt and ha 
 
 .'ul its face lull of ancitnc wrinklcij of which ' L^ui.intim longiincc •/,' 
 j^avc rhis ccndirc, rliat r!uj'i|;:i h.' li.ir.'^Jf was skillcil in all p(;;;us oU r-\y/- ' 
 T earning J yet his flilc wa^ rugged and iincafc, and very oliicurc,- as 
 
 ;Klccd ir requires a very attentive and diligent, a ftiarp and lagacunis un- 
 
 '-■rllandiiig, yet is it lofty and niarcuiine, and carries a kinj of majc- 
 i.ic eKKjuCncc along with ir, tli.it gi\es a pIcaUnr rtlilfi to the jtidicio is 
 and in(.iuil'iu\e lleadef. It is detpl) tiiiJuicd with the .■Ijru.tn Diale. 
 
 id owes not a little of its pcrplexcdncfs and obfcurity to his converling 
 lo much in the Writings' of the (Jrech, whofc lorms and idioms he hail 
 1() made his own, that they naturally flowed into his pen ; and how 
 great a Mafler he was of that Tongue is plain, in that liimkll f telL Ub ^luBdfiifm. 
 \v: \srote ?. Book concerning /ijpr/fm^ and lome others, in Greek ''■ *yf-i^°- . 
 which could not but exceedingly vitiate and inlect his native llilc, and '^^'""'•^^' 
 render it lels liiiooth, elegant, and delightful, as we fee in .hmu.irus °^ 
 fiUrcellnius^ who being a Gnck burn, wrote his Hon.in Hiflory in I .uin 
 in a ftile rough and unpleafant, and next door to Barbarous. Befidcs 
 v liat was in itlell obfcure and uneven, became infinitely worfe by the 
 ignorance of fuccecding .Ages, who changed, what the) did net under- 
 lland, and crowded in Ipunous words in the room of thofe which wtrc 
 pro}x:r and natural, till they had made it look like quite another thing 
 then what it was,w'hen it firll came jrom under the lundol its Author. 
 \I\\ H I S errors and unlound opinions are frequently noted by 
 
 r. Angujliit and the Ancients, (not to mention later r£>y(>j) and Fume- 
 inu has reduced his P.ir.if/cxes to thirty one, which together with their 
 Fxplications and .Antidotes he has prefixed before the Editions of his 
 Works. That of .-IW/.;;///! his Ixring the r.ir,jclcti\ we noted l)ctbre 
 and for other things relating to that Se:V, they are rather matters con- 
 cerning Order and Difciple, tlien Articles and Points ot Faith. It 
 cannot Ix: denied but that he has fome unw arrantable notions, common 
 with other Writers of thofe Times, and fomc more jx-culiar to hlmfclf. 
 lUit he lived in an Age, when the Faith was yet grexii and tender, w hen 
 tlic Cdiurch had not puMicly and folemnly defined things by explicit Ar- 
 ticles, and nice Propofitions, when the Pliilofoph)- ot tlie Schools was 
 mainly predominant, and men ran immediately Irom the Str.i and the 
 
 !ij//rtfiy to the Church, when a greater latitude of o)>ening was indul- 
 ged, andgoodmen were infinitely more folicitous about piety and a good 
 life, than about mexles of Speech, and how to exprefs ever)' thing fo cri- 
 tically and exadly, that it Ihould not be liable to a levere fcrutiny and 
 examination. 
 
 Ke 1 His
 
 212 
 
 The Life ^/Tertullian. 
 
 His Writings. 
 
 Genuine. 
 
 Apohgetkus. 
 
 Ad Nationes^ Libri II. 
 
 De Tejiimoiio Anmce. 
 
 Ad Scapulam. 
 
 JDe Speclaculis. 
 
 De Idololatria, 
 
 De Corona. 
 
 De Pallio. 
 
 De Pcenitentia. 
 
 De Oratione. 
 
 Ad Martyras. 
 
 De Patientia. 
 
 De cultu fwrninaruw^ Lib. II. 
 
 Ad Vxorem^ Lib. II. 
 
 De Virginibus Velandis. 
 
 Adverjiis Judaos. 
 
 De Prajcriptione Haretko- 
 rum. 
 
 De B apt if mo. 
 
 AdverJHS Hermogenem. 
 
 Adverfus Vakntinianos. 
 
 De Anima. 
 
 De Carne Chrifii. 
 
 De Refurreclione Carnis. 
 
 Adverfus Marcionem^ Lib. V. 
 
 Scorpiace. 
 
 Adverfus Praxeam. 
 
 Libri Poft Lapfum in Monta- 
 
 nifmum fcripti. 
 De Exhortatione Cajlitatis. 
 De Mottogamia. 
 De fuga in Perfecutione. 
 De Jejuniis. 
 De Pudicitia. 
 
 Suppofititious. 
 
 Poemata. 
 Adverfus Marcionem, Lib. V. 
 De judicio Domini. 
 Genefis. 
 Sodoma. 
 
 Not Extant. 
 De Paradifo. 
 De Spe Fidelium. 
 De Ecjiaci. 
 Adverfus Apollonium. 
 Adverfus Apellecianos. 
 De Vejiihm Aaron. 
 De Cenfu Anima. 
 
 Grxc. 
 
 De Corona. 
 
 De Virginihm Velandis. 
 
 De Baptifmo. 
 
 The End of TEKTULLin's Life. 
 
 THE
 
 
 THE L I F E O F 
 
 O R I G E N 
 
 Presbyter, Catccliift ot 
 
 ALEXANDRIA. 
 
 OR IGEfs. 
 
 • -1 
 I 
 
 JJ 
 
 OriRcn, where and when hern. Sever jl ctftjeaurei ahcut the t>r,^mil <( / » 
 numc. //m tathcrxoho. Hti j^.emk edH<at,on, and fre^t Uwardhnrh 
 ,n the knowledge of the Scrtptnres. lln Fhuofophuul Studies u^der Clc 
 
 mens
 
 14 The Life ^/ O r i g e n. 
 
 mens Alexandrinus. His Jnftitutkn under Ammonius. Arrimcnius, 
 Kho. His fame ar.cl escelleuy ccnfejfed by the Geriliie Fhilolophers. 
 Another Origen lis ccntcmpcrary : Tlcje Iko. lecdlcjlj cohfrm.ded. 
 His Fathers Martyrdom^ and the Confifcation of his EJiate. Origen'i- 
 rejolute encouragement of his Father. His ck)i pafwnate de/ire (f Martyr- 
 dom. His maintenance by an honourable Matron tj Alexandria. IJis 
 zeal agai/iji Heretics. His Jetting up a private School. His jiicceeding 
 Clemens in the Catechetic School at eighteen years of Age. The frequency 
 of his- Auditors. Many of them. Martyrs for the Faith. Orjgen'j refo- 
 lution in attending upon the Martyrs. His danger. His couragiciis atl 
 at the Temple o/'Serapis. His emafculating himjelf, and the reajons of 
 it. The eminent Chajiity of thofe Primitiue times. OrigenV Journey 
 to Rome and return to Alexandria. His taking in a Colleague into the 
 Catechetic Office. His learning ' the . Hebrew Tongue. The prudent 
 method of his Teaching. Ambrotius Converted. Who he was. His 
 great intimacy with Origen. Origen fent for by the Gciternor r/ Ara- 
 bia. His Journey into Paleflin, and teaching at Cxfaria. ■ Remanded 
 by the Bijhop of Alexandria. Alexander Severus his excellent virtues^ 
 and kindnejs for the Chrijlian Religion. Origen Jent for by the Emprej's 
 Mamma;a to Antioch. He begins to write his Commentaries. How many 
 Notaries, and Tranjcrihers employed, and by ivhom maintained. Nota- 
 ries, their Original '.and Office : Their u/e and injlitution in the Primi- 
 tive Church. His Journey into Greece. His paffage through Paleflin, 
 and being ordained Presbyter at Cxfaria. Demetrius of Alexandria 
 his envy and rage againfl him. Origen condorpicd in two Synods at 
 Alexandria, and one atKome. The rejignation cf his Catechetic iV/^Oi:'/ 
 to Heraclas. Heraclas Who. The flory of his ojjering Sacrifice. The 
 credit of this flory queflioned^^nd ivhy. His departure from Alexandria, 
 and fxing at Cxhriz. The: -eminency of his School there. Gregorius 
 Thaumaturgus his Scholar.^ His Friendjhip ivith^irmiiizn: Firmilian 
 jvho. The Perfecution under Maximinus. Oxx^vis Book written to 
 the Martyrs. His retirement whither. His comparing the Verfions of 
 the Bible. His Tetrapla, Hexapla, and Odapla, what., and how mana- 
 ged: A Specimen given of them. His fecond Journey to Athens. His going 
 to Nicomedia, and Letter to Africanus about the Hiftory of Sufanna, His 
 confutation of Beryllus in Arabia. His anfwer to Celfus. Celfus who. 
 OrigenV Letters to Philip the Emperor. The vanity of making him a 
 chrijlian. Origen'j journey into Arabia to refute Herejies. The Helce- 
 faita: who: What their Principles. A\tyizndtrs Miraculous Ele^ion to 
 the See of Jerufalem. His Coadjutor-jhip^ Government^ Sufferings^ and 
 Martyrdom. OrigenV grievous Sufferings at Tyre under the Decian 
 Perfecution. His deliverance out of Prifon % Age, and Death. His 
 Character. His jlricl life. His mighty zeal, abjli:encc, contempt <f 
 the World, indefatigable diligence, and patience noted. His natural 
 parts : incomparable learning. IJis Books, and their -fiver al Claffes. 
 His flile, what. His unfound Opinions. The great Out^cry againfl 
 him in all Ages. The Apologies written in his behalf. Several things 
 noted out of the Ancients to extenuate the charge. His aff'ertions not 
 Dogmatical, not intended for public view. Generally fuch as were not 
 determined by the Church. His Books corrupted, and by tohom. His 
 own complaints' to that purpofe. TheTejlimonies o/Athanafias, ^»^Theo- 
 timus, and Haymo in his vindication. Great errors and mijlakes ac- 
 knowledged
 
 7 be Life ^/O k i g e n. 045 
 
 ^ti»eji for 
 
 knnwledgeJ. li'kit tlings contribMteii to them. I Its yteat kind 
 tl\' iMatonic I'rini/plcu St. Hicrom'r n\i (Ur.it e cenjuie of him. J/is 
 repcutinjvf I IS r.i/^ '''■ '' '■■'■■'• ! '■- ^^'ritmp etntmerjted^ twf/ iih.it 
 raw extjnf. 
 
 A7o7 X, cillcil alio Afi.inuiitms ( cither iVdin the 
 unwrarifd tcmiK-r of his mind, and that ll length 
 of rcal'on wherewith he compa, led Ins Dircouries, 
 or his firmnels and conlhncy m Kelii^ion, notwith- 
 llanding all the allaiilts madcagimll it' was born 
 at Alcsandri.i^ tile known Mitropolis of Pz^ypt ; 
 iiniels we w ill luppofc, that u|)on fome particular 
 Tuimilt or Tcrlecution raifcd againQ the Chn- 
 ftiansin that CJity, his Parents lied for refuge to the Mountainous parrs 
 thereabouts, where his Mother was delivereil of him, and that tiiencc 
 he was called Ori^enes^ quajt «roy30'^rsfl«j (wliich moft conceive to be 'Ow-j-vif. \ 
 the Kryinologv of his naine) one l.m in the Moiint-uMs. But whether" 
 that l)e the projH.r derivation of the word, or the other the particular v'^. c ,y 1 
 occafion of its impofition, let the Reader determine as lie plea. e. Hew- 330.1.2. 
 ever I believe the Reader will thmk it a much more probable and rea- 
 ibnable conjevilure, than what one * fuppofes, that he wa» fo ca'led be- * 'i-tHiix lut. 
 caufe Uirn oi' holy Parents; the .Saints in Scripture k-ing as he tells ''^""■'^' *''' 
 us") Ibmetimcs metaphorically Oiled Mount jinu The fitU anJ the laft '' 
 I dare fay that ever made that conje:l:urc- A learned manf fuppoles * ,'^7 j^fj^, 
 him rather ( andthinksnodoubtcan bemadeof it) foral'ed Iromonti,/.2x.io.^i42.' 
 an /i'iy/'/'/./w word, and with them the title of Ap, /Lor the Su>t (from 
 IS no queflion, which fgnifles light or fire one of their Principal Cel- 
 tics. Hence Oriu., the name of one of the Egxptiun Kings, as it has been 
 alfo of many others. And thus as x-m n A.>> comes /'/r^rw.-r, oneborn 
 oiiJnp/u-/\, lb -i-r} r^ Qp» is derived OrizcucSy one defcen.led ot 0/ or 
 ()/-/.'j, a Deity (olemnly Worlliipped at Alewintlria. A conjetfVure tiiat 
 might have commanded its own entertainmcnr, did nor one prejudice 
 l)e againll it, that we can hardly conceive fo good a man, and fo leverca 
 Chnilianas Onsen's Father would inipole a inine upon hisChdd, lor 
 which he mufl Ix: beholden to an Heathen Deity, and whom he might 
 fee every day w orfliipped with the mofl fottilh Idolatry, tliat he ihould 
 let him |x-rpetually carry aU)Ut that remi mbr;mce of I'jgan Idofitry in 
 Ji.s name, which they I0 particularl) and fo folemnly renounced in their 
 Baptilm. But to return. 
 
 II. H K was bx)rn about the year of our I ord CI.XXWI. being fe- 
 venteen * years of ag? at his Fathers death, who fullered,. //.v.r/r.C.C 11. * '^' — ''p- 
 Seven's. His Father was I.emtfies., whom 5W.;; + and fome others : . ,. 
 
 (without any authority, that I know of, from the .Ancients ) make a -A-'f-;?''?. 
 'iilhop ; to l)e fure he w as a good man, and a Martyr tor the Faith. In ^''"' ^' 
 \\\s younger years he was brought up under the tutorage of his own 
 * Father, w ho inflrucled him in all the grounds of humane literature, and • E„y^. ,ui. 
 together with them took ef|x.cial care to inflill the principles of Religion, f-zo** 
 lealbning his early age with the notices of di\ ' ',s, fo that like 
 another f/mctly., jiom a child he kticiv the hcly Sn.^ , and was tho- 
 roughly cxcrcifed and inftruftcd in them. Nor w as his Father more 
 ddigent to infinuate his inflruilions, then tlie fubie«:l he managed was 
 capable to receive them. Part of his daily task w as to learn and repeat 
 •• iomc
 
 2i6 The Life ofO r i g e n. 
 
 fome parts of the holy Scriptures, which he readily difcharged. But not 
 fatislied with the bare reading or recital of them, he began to enquire 
 more narrowly into the more profound fcnfe of them, often importuning 
 his Father with queflions, what fuch or fuch a pallage of Scripture meant. 
 The good man though feemingly reproving his buHe forwardncfs, and 
 admonifliing him to be content with the plain obvious fenfc, and not to 
 ask queflions above his age, did yet inwardly rcjoyce in his own mind, 
 and heartily blefs God that he had made him the Father of fuch a Child. 
 Much ado had the prudent man to keep the exuberance of his love and 
 joy from running over before others, but in private he gav e it vent, 
 frequently going into the Chamber where the Youth lay aOeep, and 
 reverently killing his naked Brcfl, the treafury of an early piety and a 
 divine Spirit, retlecf cd upon himfelf how happy he was in fo excellent 
 a Son. So great a comfort, fo invaluable a blelling is it to pious Parents 
 to fee their children fetting out betimes in the way of Righteoufnefs, and 
 fucking in Religion almolt with their Mothers milk. 
 
 III. Fi A VI N G palled over his paternal education, he was put to 
 perfe£t his Studies under the Inftitution of Cler/iens Alexandr'wus^ then 
 Regent of the Catecbijl School at AlexaKdria^ where according to the 
 acutenefs of his Parts, and the greatnefs of his Induftry he made vaft 
 improvements in all forts of Learning. From him he betook himfelf to 
 Jmmoniits, who had then newly fet up a Platonic Scool at Alexandnay 
 *aw. /.I. and had reconciled * thofe inveterate feuds and differences that had 
 tI'^II. Phot. ^'^^^ between the Schools of Flato and Ariflotle., and which had reigned 
 o-^.ccxiv. among their Difciples till his time, which hedid ( fays my Author ) l-.- 
 c' cc^Li'^ / ^*^«^'» ''-« "^P^^ '^ '^''^ (piAomtpictA Ahn^vov, out of a divine tranfport for the 
 1 381. truth of Philofophy, defpifing the little opinions, and wrangling con- 
 
 tentions of peevilh men, and propounding a more free and generous 
 kind of Philofophy to his Auditors. Among whom was our Origen^ 
 ^ Apid.Eufeh. as Porphyry t befides other witnelles , who faw Origen when himfelf was 
 '^'^.^S'^.'^; but a Youth. This Anmonius was called Saccas, (from his carrying 
 Serm. VI de * Sacks of Corn upon his back, being a Porter by imployment, before 
 Provid.p. 96. he betook himfelf to the Study of Philofophy) one of themoft learned 
 loco mat!" ^^^ eloquent men of thofe times, a great Philofopher, and the chief of 
 the Plato-rjk Se:f, and which was above all, a Chriftian, born and 
 t hoc. citat. brought up among them, as f Porphyry himfelf is forced to confefs ; 
 though when he tells us, , that afterwards upon maturer confideration, 
 and his entring upon Philofophy, he renounced Chriftianity, and em- 
 braced Paganifm and the Religion of the Empire, he is as little to be 
 credited, and guilty of as notorious a fallhood ( as Enjebnis obfcr\es ) as 
 when he affirms that Origen was born and bred up a Genfi/e^flnd then turn- 
 ed off to Chriftianity, w hen as nothing was more evident,thanthat Origen 
 was born of Chriftian Parents, and that Ammonias retained his Chriftian 
 and divine Philofophy to the very laft minute of his life, whereof the 
 * yinml.f.^^z Books wliich he left behind him were a ftanding evidence. Indeed * Eu- 
 Edtt. Pococi tychiiis Patriarch of Alexandria (if he means the fame) feemsto give fome 
 lenmt'^.l^Ei'-^'^^^'^^'^^^'^^^^^ t'orphyrysrcpott, and further adds, that Arr,monins \\zs 
 tych.SeH.z^.p. One of the twenty Bilhops, which Heradas then Bilhop of Alexandria^ 
 '47- conftituted over the Egyptian Churches, but that he deferted his Religion. 
 
 Which Heradas no fooner heard of, but he convened a Synod of Bilhops 
 and went to the City, where Ammonius was Bilhop, where having 
 throughly fcannedand difculled the matter, he reduced him backogain 
 
 to
 
 1 he Life of () n\ G EK. 211 
 
 to the truth. Whctlicr he tbuiui this among the Records of that 
 (^hurcli, or took it from the mourhot rrailitiou and Report, is uncer- 
 tain, the thing not bemg inentionedbyanyotlier Writer. lUit however 
 it uas, 'tis plain that Aninwitiiu was a man of incomparable j>ans and 
 learning, i^a) Jlieroclcs himlcif fliles iiim t)r'Ji<Jax»"n, one f aught of CfJ^(4)uUePrc- 
 and when rlotinus the great /V.;/-";;/// had found him out, hc(/)told his ';" '-■^'•'•' 
 friend in a kind of triumj^h, that this \sas the man w horn he had fought fij/tvl.,,. ,„ 
 atter. Under him 0/-/^«« made hunfcif jxrrfed Matter of the Fhtcnk m.p: imp. i. 
 Notions^ being daily converlant in the Writings o\ Fb'o^ f^^umei/hr,p°J/''^^' 
 Cnniiits^ .Ipol/op/.'jnei, I.vuq^inui^ Alorfer.it ms, SuvuKSchus, and the mofl. ( ;> 
 
 principal among the I'ythjgoreans^ as alfo of Chtcremon and Com/tfuSy' 
 Utoui ; from whom (as /'or/i/^vry truly enough obfervcs he learnal that 
 allegoricall and myflicalway of interpretation, which he introduced in- 
 to the C.hrillian Doclrine. 
 
 IV. li F. 5 I D K S our .UMtunt/us, there was another Or/<ie» his Con- 
 temporary, a Gentile Philofoplier, honourably mentioned by (0 /w/»«r W Lit ««; -ji- 
 (</ ) rvrpl:yn\, ; c) ///erocles^if i'utupms^ (^) ProclMs, and others ; a jier(on of ' "', ''^|^ ^7' 
 that le-arning and accurate judgment, that coming (A) one day into/'/J.-i-i' ^' 
 riotiHus his School, the grave rhilojophcr was afliamed, and would ha\ l- '"',■' '■'/ . 
 gi\en place: and when intreated by Ori^eti to goon with his I.ccf-urc, I// \uf'.^^ 
 he anlwered with a complement, that a man could Jiavcbut little mindi/ '" -^'tPir- 
 to f})cak there, where he was to difcourfe to them, who underftcod^' ' " '"^ . 
 things as well as himfelf,and fo after a very ihort difcourle, broke up , 4,; 
 the meeting. I am not ignorant that moft learned men have carelefly ^"^^ i"^ ^f 
 confounded this perfonwith our()r/^f« .- Whence i'/)//o///m«r ^^onders ^ , j'/v^r/r. 5' 
 why EnH.ipius ihold make him iichool-tellow with Porphyry^ who- w^s^^'f-^^^fhT' 
 much his junior^ whom Porphyry fays indeed he knew, being liimfelf "^'^^ "' 
 then \ ery ) oung, and this probably not at Alewmriru but at lyre where 
 
 he was lK)rn, and where ()iiq_cit a long time refided. So that iiis won- 
 der would iiave ceafed, had he confidered w hat is plain enough, that 
 Eurtjpius meant it of this other Origeti^ Forphyies fellow-Pupil, not un- 
 der .'innnoiius at Alfsjudru^ but under Flotmus at Rcme. Indeed were 
 there nothing clfe, tliis were enough to diflinguiili them, that tiie ac- 
 count gi\cn of Ongcn and w hat he wrote b) Lo»ghr»f, by Prpphyiy in the 
 life of J'lot/nuSy and others, docs no ways agree to our Chritlian Writer. 
 
 V. jT H E Perfecution under Srjcrus in the tenth year of his reign 
 was now grown hot at Alcxjndrtj^ J.ictus theGovernour daily adding 
 
 fcwel to the flames, w here among the great numbers of Marty rs ;/ ; Lerui- M E-M »*■«• 
 //cf, Or/^tVs Father, was flrfl impriloned, then beheaded, and hiseflate' '^'' 
 confifcate and retluccd into the public F.xchequcr, During his impri- ^'^'■^•^•.''•'oz- 
 fonment {m)Origcn began to difcover a moft im|>aticnt defire of Mart) r- 
 dom, from w hich fcarcc any mtrcaties or confiderations could reftrain 
 him. He knew the deplorable eftate wherein he w as like to leave his 
 wife and children, could not but have a fad influence upon Iiis Fatliers 
 mind, whom therefore by letters he pallionately exhorted to |xrfevcrc 
 unto Martyrdom, addingthis daufeanmong the reft, T.ike hecdy SirJ^thjt 
 for our fakes yon do not change your mind. .And himfelf had gone not only 
 to prifon, but to the \ery block with his Father, if the divine Prrvi- 
 dencehadnot interpofed. His Mother perceiving his refolutions, treated 
 him with all the charms and endearments of fo aflecHonate a relation, 
 attempted him with prayers and tears, intreating him ifnot for hlsown, 
 that at leal\ for her fake, aiidliis ncareft: relatives, he would fparc liimfcU". 
 
 F f All
 
 2i8 Tfo Life of () R I G E N. 
 
 All which not prevailing, efpecially after his Fathers apprehenfion, jle 
 was forced to -betake her feh' to little Arts, hiding all his cloths, that 
 meer ihame might conhnc him to the houfc. A mighty inllance, as the 
 Hiflorlan notes, of a juvenile forwardnefs and maturity, and a mofl hear- 
 ty affe:Hon for the true Religion. 
 
 VI. HIS Father being dead, and the (./) Eflate feizcd for the Empe- 
 (.i}Eufeb.ihid. j.Qyj.5 ^^^^^ j^^ ^^d the himily were reduced to great llreights. When 
 ^' ^°^' behold the providence of God (who peculiarly takes care of Widows 
 
 and Orphans, and efpecially the reli:t sot thofe that fufTer for him) made 
 way for their relief. A nch and honourable Matron of AlexaMeiria pi- 
 tying his mifcrabie cafe, liberally contributed to his neccfhtics, as Ihe 
 did to others, and among them maintained one Paid of Antioch^ a ring- 
 leader of all the Heretics at Alex.jmlna^ who by fubtlc artifices had 16 
 fir infinuated himfelf into her, that ihe had adopted him to be her ;*,on. 
 Orfgen though he held his livelihood purely at lier bounty, would net 
 yet comply with this Favourite, not fo much as to join in prayer with 
 him, no not when an innumerable multitude not only of Heretics, but 
 of Orthodox daily flocked to him, taken with the eloquence of his di(- 
 courfes. For from his childhood he had religioufly obferved the Rule 
 and Canon of the Church, and abominated ( as himfelf expre(Tes it ) 
 all heretical Doclrines. Whether this nobie Lady upon this occafion 
 withdrew her charity, or whether he thought it more agreeable to the 
 Chriflian Rule to hve by his own labour, then to depend wholly upon 
 anothers bounty, I know not : but having pcrfefted thofe Studies of 
 Foreign Learning, the foundations whereot he had laid under the Dif- 
 cipline of his Father, he now began to fet up for himfelf, opening a 
 School for the profelfion of the learned Arts, where befidcs the good 
 he did to others, he raifed a confiderable maintenance to himfelf. And 
 though then but a very Youth, yet did not the Grave and the Learned, 
 tlie Pliilofophers, and greatefl Mailers of Herefie difdain to be prelent 
 at his Leftures, whofe opinions he impartially weighed and examined, 
 {h) Epift .af. as himfelf (^^) informs us : many of whom of Auditors (c) became his 
 Eufeb. ikc. 1 9. Converts, yea and Martyrs for the Faith,as we fliall fee by and by. 
 fc)"iW.c.3o.^. VII. B Y this time his fame had recommended him to public notice, 
 204. and he was thought fit, though but eighteen years of age, to be made 
 
 Mafter of tiie Cat€cbetic School at Alexandria^ whether as Colleague 
 with his Mailer Clemens, or upon refignation, his Succeflbr, is uncer- 
 tain .• the latter feems mofi; probable, bccaufe [d) Eujebius reports that 
 I ) ' f 20s jr)^^^^^^jj^j Biihop oi Alexandria committed the inftruftion of the Cate- 
 chtmens to him only, unlefs we will underlland it of fome private and 
 particular School, diflintt from the ordinary Catechetic School, till Cle- 
 mens his death, whofe Succeflbr the Ancients generally make him. Sclio- 
 lars in very great numbers daily crowded in upon him, fo that finding 
 he had enough to do, and that his different imployments did not well 
 confid together, he left off teaching the Arts and Sciences, and gave up 
 himfelf intirely to the inftrui^fing hisDifciples in the rudiments of (^hri- 
 Itianity. Being fetled in this Office, he followed it with infinite dili- 
 gence, and no lefs fuccefs. For he not only built up thofe who were 
 {e)ilibid.c.i^. already Chriflians, but {e) gained over a great number o^ Gentile Philo- 
 t- 2=5. fophers to the Faith, who embraced Chrhtianity with fo hearty and fin- 
 
 cere a mind, as readily to feal it with their bloud. Among which of 
 moil note were Plutarch, whom Origen attending to his Martyrdom, 
 
 was
 
 7 he Life of () R I G E N. 219 
 
 was like to have been killed by i.i'. j .}>!(.• tor lieing the Author of jiis 
 C'onvcri:()ii ; Sercnu^^ who was burnt for his Kcligion, H<:rMh'hK-\n^\ 
 I lervn^ both beheaded, the one while I Mt a Catechunien^ theothcr a No- 
 vice ; next came a iLcond Screnm^ \\\\o alter he had endured infinite 
 torments, lolH lis Head, and gained a Cirown. Nay the weaker Sex al- 
 fo put in tor a Ihare, one /Jfr^us a C.itn Iftmoi, and Ur/^rtis Scholar, Vm\w 
 as himfelf txprelles it, tx, {ix-rrTxc ' i rncpt ^aCoVa, hptized l>\ fttc, 
 
 left this World, and in thot'e llaiiics mounted up to Heaven. Nor "a^s 
 Or/ac-// fo wholly l"w allowed up with the care ot his .School, as not to 
 lx.rtorin (a) duties ot Piety and humanity tow ards others, elpecially Mar- (j; WiJ.p.zoj^. 
 tyrs, and thofe that were condemned to die. For j4(jhiLi^ Latas his 
 .SuccefTor in tlie (iovcrnmLnt of .■lUx.mdri.t, that he might do fomethinc 
 fingular ui the entrance u|>on his place, renewed the Perfecution, which 
 was fo levere, that everyone conllilted his own falcty, and kept dole • 
 fo that when the Martyrs were in Pri!bn, or led to 1 rial or Kxecution 
 there was none to comfort them, or minifler unto them. TJiis O/hce 
 Or/iffn boldly tix)k upon him, attending the Martyrs to the very place 
 of I'Aecution, embracmgand laluting them as they were led aloni^, nil 
 the enraged multitude pelted him with Ihowers of Hones, and an liun- 
 ilred tinus was he in danger ot his lite, had not the divine Providence 
 immediately interpoled to refcue him. At lall thc-y refolveil to (ind 
 him our, great multitudes btfetting his houle, and becaufe he had vail 
 numbers of Scholars, they brought a (iuard of .Souldiers along with 
 them, \vh 1 hunted him from houle to houle, fo t!iat no place couki allord 
 him a quiet refuge. And to this period ot time I iind fome learned men 
 (and I tliinl< very probably ) afcnbingthat pallage which (^) Eppkantus 
 K'porrs concerning him, tint he was haled up and down the City, rc\i- Lxiv'p 
 led and reproached, and treated with inlblent fcorn and fur}-. Once 
 liaving jhavexl his head after the manner of the I\q^\ptijn Priefls, they 
 fet liim upon the ftcps of Straprs's Temple, commanding him to give 
 branches of Palm-trees, as the Priefls uled to do, to them that went 
 up to |xrform their holy Rites. He taking the branches with a ready 
 and unterrilied mind, cried out aloud, Come htthcr^ .uirl take thchrjMch^ 
 not of an Idol-Temple but of Chrijh A piece of courage which I rup|X)rc 
 did not contribute to mitigate their rage ngainfl him. 
 
 VIII. ABOUT this time he made tliat famous attempt uponhimfelf, 
 fo much commended by fomc, but condemned by others, Jiis making 
 himl'elf an F.u»ucl\\\\\\c\\ [ as appears from (c'jrp/phaH/in'^ fome of the An- (<) vbi.fuf.p. 
 cients conceived to have Uen done by Medicinal aj>plications, w hich ^^^• 
 enervated the powers and tendencies ot Nature that way, though others, 
 and (J) .S./Z/rn/Mcxprelly, lay it was done with the Knitc. But however (./).Yir*Ffur/». 
 it was, he did itpartlyoutof a pcrverfe interpretation c^of our Saviours ' ' 
 meaning, when he la}s, there he frme vhich n-ake thctujt.'ics P.nmals fcr ' .^_ 
 the A/n'i//.')7i rf //ejxetfi fake^ which he would neals literalh' under- 
 fland ; ^xirtly out ot a defire to take aw ay all fulpicion of w antonnefs 
 and incontinency, which the Genri/es might Ix; apt enough to c.\({ ii|x)n 
 him, when they law hiin admit notmenonl}, ir.it women into lis Dif- 
 ciplinc ; bcfides that hereby he himfelt was fec.:red from any tunpta- 
 tions to immtxleil and irregular embraces. How ftric't and Icvcrcwas 
 fiv,- ciiaft.ry of th )le Primitive times, weha\c)I ' ' ' > in ano- 
 ther place ; fo great, that ,0 7/^///^ the .'U.//-/>/- i... 1 ', .ingmant' ', "'• 
 
 of Alcsaitdn.iy who to convince the (jennies of the lallluKxl of that ma-^ '' 
 
 F i 1 licious 
 
 227.
 
 220 7 he Life of () r i g e 
 
 N. 
 
 Jicious charge of iacontinency and promifcuous mixtures, which thcv 
 ufually laid upon tlie Chriflians, prclcntcd a Petition to Fai/x the Pre- 
 fidcnt of Alexandria, defiring his leave that the Phyfitians might make 
 him an Eunuch, which the Prefidcnt rcfufcd, as prohibited by the Lavvs 
 of the Roman Empire j as it was afterwards by feveral Provifo s and 
 Canons of the Church. This faft though Ori^en endeavoured to con- 
 ceal from fome of his friends, yet did it quickly break out, and Detr'c 
 trim the Bilhop who now admired it as an heroic act of temperance and 
 an inflance of a great and a daring mind, did afterwards load it M'it'h all 
 its aggravations, and bring it in as an inexcufable charge againft h'm 
 I add no more concerning this than that whatever Or'igen might do now 
 in the vigour of his youth, and through the fprightlinefs of his devout 
 Zeal, yet in his more confiderate and reduced age he was of another 
 {.) v,d. Com- "^i"^' condemning {a) fuch kind of attempts,foberly enough expound-nc^ 
 mentanMatt. that paflage ot our Saviour, which before he had fo fataJlv midmr^^." 
 ^.363. £^?. Hood. ^ ^'Hunder- 
 
 Huet! ' ' I^'- ^ ^ f^E RV S the Emperour, that violent enemy of Chriftians 
 (b) Eu% ,h c ^'^'"S dead^»;/.c:/;r. CCXI. Or.gen (h ) had a great defire to fee tJie Cliurch 
 I4./-/2I6." 'O' ^^^'^'^1 10 venerable for its antiquity and renown, and accordintjly 
 came thither, while Pope Zepbynn fate Bifliop of that See, where'^he 
 ftaid not long, but returned back to' Alexandria, and to Jiis acculiomed 
 Catecketk office, Demetrhn earneflly importuning him to refume it But 
 M ih,dc I ' p ^"'^"''S '^^^^ employment (0 grow upon him, and io M'hoJly to engrofs his 
 217. ■ ■ "^' fime, as not to allow him the leaft leifure ibr retirement and contem- 
 plation, and the lludy of the Scriptures , fo faft did auditors prefs in 
 upon him from morning to night, lie took in Heradcn, wlio liad been 
 his Scholar, a man verled both in divine and humane Studies, to be his 
 Partner, dividing the work between them, the younger and more un- 
 tutored Catechumens he committed to him ; the maturer, and thofe who 
 liad been of a longer Handing he referved to be inftrufted by himfelf 
 And now he gave up himfelf to a clofer and more accurate Study of 
 the holy Scriptures, which that he might manage with the better fuc- 
 cefs, he fet himfelf to learn the Hebrew Tongue, the true Key to unlock 
 {A) Afolo^.ndv. Jlie Door, (wherein as (^)S. Hierom probably intimates, he was aflifted 
 E{ii§n. Torn. 2. by the help oillui/Ius the Jewiff^ Patriarch at that time, at leaft in the Rab- 
 ^2o'. binic Expofition of the Scripture, ) a thing little underflood in thofe 
 
 times, and the place he lived in, and to him who was now in the prime of 
 his age, and the Flower of more pleafing and delightful Studies, no doubt 
 very difficult and uneafle. But nothing is hard to an induflrious dili- 
 gence, and a willing mind. 
 
 X. NOR did his pains in this, interrupt his aflivity in his other im- 
 (e)Eur.'l'.c.i^. ploymcnts 5 where he perceived (e) any of his Scholars of more fmart and 
 p.zit acute underftandings, he firft inflrufted them in Geometry, Arithmetic 
 
 and other preparatory Inftitutions, and then brouglit them through a 
 courfe of Philofophy, difcovering the Principles of each Seft, anf ex- 
 plaining the Books of the Ancients, and fometimes himfelf writing 
 Comments upon them, fo that the very Gentiles cried him up for an 
 eminent Philofophcr. The ruder and more unpolilhcd part of his au- 
 ditory he would often exhort to the Study of humane Arts, aililrino- 
 them that they would not a little conduce to the riglit un'dcra^nding of 
 the holy Scriptures. Many flocked to jiim to make trial of his famed 
 Skill and Learning ; others to be indruacd in the Precepts both of Phi- 
 lofophy
 
 Ihe Life of ( ) k i r. !• n. 2 2 1 
 
 lofophy and Cihnilianu) . (jrcac numbers of Heretics \*crc his Audi- 
 tors, loinc ofwli'jm lie cotutrtctl Iroin iIi- tir< ur of rlicir ua) : aJiJ 
 ainoiit^tlie re'.l * ./»./' p////i, a nianof jKobility and I- (late at .-iltwaiulrhi^* FMfA>. ,b. 
 lining been feiliuxd into liie Krrours of /J/j/i/owand yalcntiuus^ being ('""'"" ''• 
 convinced by Caa'/w's DilccHirfes, rcncunc.J his l()rmer Hercfus, and .' " ', 
 returned to ihe( atholic Co:lrin of the ( iuirch, and ever alter became ' 
 lis intimate 1 rieiul, hisgteat Patron and Iknefa^lor. He wjsamanol ' '^' 
 
 neat, elegant parts, and w as continually prompting Ori^n to explain and 
 interpret fome part otrite SVrii'ture ; as oft as they were togctlier, (as 
 s^a')r.n.j^c>i himfell" informs us"i he fuflereii not a Sup|Kr time to pals with- <''* ^ ,'• 
 out difcourfes to this purpofe, nor their very walks and recreations to ' "'■• 
 
 be without them ; a great part of the night, befides their morning llu-r^ "' 
 
 t!ics,were Ipent upon tlafe pious evcercifes ; their meals and their rell u ere ^*•• -' / ' -9« 
 ulhered in uith contuuial I.edures, and both night and da\ wliere ^''"'" '' 
 IVayer ended, Reading began, as alter Heading the) again krookthem- 
 felves to Prayer. Indeed this Ainlnije was a pious and good man, and 
 thojgii fo great a perloii, did not difdain to take uponlum theO/lice of 
 a ih\uon in the Church, na) to undergo great hardlhips and fulkiiin's 
 becoming an eminent Crtirjj r for the Kaiih. And there is only iliis 
 blot L that I know of, that ilicks uponhismeinoiy, that when he died (/,;f/;<.r<w<^ 
 rich, he remembred not his dear and ancient I riend, whole low and Soi/ "« •<"•- 
 mean condition might well hive admitted, as his pains and intimacy''^ 
 might delervedly have challenge I, a bountiful legac)' to lu\e been bc- 
 ijueathed to him. 
 
 Xb ABOUT tliis time came a '^(.0 Mt'llcnger from the Govcrnmir uf /. 
 
 y-//j^/j with Letters to yVwf.'W.vj the liilhop, and to i\\c J'r.rjixi of ■ 
 EjL,yp^-, defiring that with all fpeed Oiiq:t-» might be fcnt to impart the 
 ChriHian Do.trin to him : fo confiderable had the fame of this great 
 man rcndred him abroad in foreign Nations. Accordingly he went 
 into .Irul/^t, where having difpatched his errand, became back to .-//<-.v- 
 ndii.u Not long alter w hofe return, the Kmperour CaracnHa drew his 
 Army into thofe J'arts, intending to fall feverel) upon that C'it\-. To 
 avoid whofe rage and cruelty O/v^t// thougiit good to withdraw himfelf, 
 and not know ingan) place in r^\ft that could allord him llielter, he re- 
 firei.1 into rJejtix^ and fixed his refidenccat Cuiurej. Where his excel- 
 lent abilities Ixiing foon taken n.»ticc of, he was rcquefled by the Bi- 
 Ihopsol tholeparts, though but then in the capacity ot a /..;/r, publicly 
 in the Church, and Ixlore themlelves to exjxmnd the .Scriptures to the 
 People. The news hereof was prefeiitly carried to Alcxafifirij^ and 
 higlily refentcd by Demetrius , who by Letters ex|)oflulated tlie cxic 
 with Ihendtjliis^ Bilhopofr/f/.r/t'.;, and AlcsjKftcr oi 'j erujjlet)!^ as a thing 
 never heard of before in the ChrilVian Church ; who in their an fwer put 
 him in mind, that this Jud Ix-en no fuch unufual thing, whereof they 
 give him particular inllancts. All wiiich fatisfled not Lhwetrim, who 
 by Letters commanded H/vt/'w to return, ami lent Dcjcphs on purpofe to 
 urge him to ir, svhcreiipon he came back and ajipiitd himfelf to liis 
 wonted charge. 
 
 Xlb JLEX.ISDER Slll'EliTJS thcprefentF.mpinvr i:ior- 
 'er to his exjxdition againd the rf/;//j/»f, Mascomcto .(;i/;i. /,attcnd-.d 
 Aithhis mother .)/jw/»^.;, a wife and prudent, and ^^fays //) E/t/e/'/ui) a f 
 inofl pious and religious Princels i a great inlluence lie had u|v)n Ii- 
 Son, whom llie engaged in a mofl flruf and conllant ailminiftration . : 
 
 J-.i:ii.T, '
 
 222 The Life ^/ () r i g e n. 
 
 Juftice, and the affairs of the Empire, that he might have no leifure to 
 be debauched by Vice and Luxury, huleedhe was a Prince of incom- 
 parable Vertues, Hiftorians reprefenting him as mild and gentle, com- 
 palhonate and charitable, ibber and temperate, juft and impartial, de- 
 vout and pious, one advanced to the Empire for the recovery and hap- 
 pinefs of Mankind. He was no enemy to Chriflians, whom he did not 
 only not perfccute, but favour at every turn ; and in his private Ora- 
 tory he had among other Heroes the hnages of Abraham and of Chr'/Jf^ 
 and was once minded to have built a Temple to him, and publicly ad- 
 mitted him into the number of their gods. He highly admired fome 
 precepts of the Chriftian Religion, and from their Difcipline learned 
 fome Rites which he made ufe of in the Government of the Empire. 
 But to return to Mamwaa : Being a Syrian born, fhe could not be un- 
 acquainted with the affairs both of Jews and Chriflians , and having 
 {a)Eiifi'bhccit heard of the great fame of (rt) Origen was very defirous to fee him, and 
 {aj'uje ■"^■"'•j^g^^ j^-j^ dilcourfe concerning Religion, that flie might know what it 
 was, for which the whole World had him in fuch veneration. And 
 for this purpofe lliefent for him, ordering a military guard to conduit 
 him to Jntioch, where he ftaid fome conf.derable time, and having fully 
 opened the Doftrines of cur Religion, and given her many demonftra- 
 tions of the Faith of Chriftians, to the great honour of God and of Re- 
 ligion, he was difmiffed, and permitted to return to his old charge at 
 Akxanffria. 
 
 Xni. HENCEFORWARD he fet upon writing (/5) Commenta- 
 (PU^'d.c. 23.p. ^.^^^ ^^^ j.j^^ pj^jy gj-ripture, at the inftigation of his dear friend Jmhrojius, 
 who did not only earneftly importune him to it, but furnilh him with 
 all conveniences necelTary for it ; allowing lum befides his maintenance, 
 feven (andasoccafionwas,more) Notaries to attend upon him, who by 
 turns might take from his mouth what he dilated to them ; and as ma- 
 ny Tranjcrihers., befides Virgins imployed for that purpofe, who copied 
 out fair, what the others had haftily taken from his mouth. Thefe No- 
 taries were very common both among the Greeks and Romans^ making 
 ufe of certain peculiar notes and figns, either by way of occult or fhort- 
 writing, being able by the dexterity of their Art to take not words 
 only but entire fentences. The original of it is by fome afcribed to 
 Tjro Cicero's fervant, by others to Aquila fervant to Meca:»as^ by others 
 to Emiits^ and that it was polifhed and enlarged afterwards, firfl by 
 Tyro, then by J/jnHa and fome others. It may be in its firfl rudenefs it 
 was much more ancient, and improved and perfefted by degrees, every 
 new addition entitling it felf to the firfl: invention, till it arrived to that 
 Epi ^'llol^' accuracy and perfedion, that (as appears from what (c) Martial hys'm the 
 ( dT'Eftgram. cafe, and Aufonius (/) reports of his Amanuenfis') they were able not only 
 B'S. to keep pace with, but many times to out- run the Ipeaker. That they 
 
 were of frequent ufe in the Primitive Chnrch, is without all doubt, be- 
 ing chiefly imployed to write the Alls of the Martyrs ; for which end 
 they were wont to frequent the Pr ifons,to be prefent at all Trials and Exa- 
 minations ; and if the thing was done intra /^c /«w,within the Secretarium, 
 they ufed by bribes to procure Copies of the Examinations and Anr\\'crs 
 from the Troconjuts Regifl:er ; thence they followed tiie Martyrs to the 
 {e) DeCor-OT.c. place of Execution, there to remarque their fay ings and their fufferings. 
 
 uTeS' "^^^^^ ^^'^^ ^^°"^ ^" *^'^^ "^^^ ^^^^'y ^S^^' ^^ ^^ evident from Qe ) TertuHian's 
 XXXVii.*.5i mentioning the FajH Ecclefi(e,z.nCi from what (/') S.Cyprian fays in his Epl- 
 
 lUc
 
 The Life of ( ) n i g e n. 
 
 O T T 
 
 file to the Clergy of his Church, andir')! "■^'■^ tlic /Vjw; in hi';!*' ' 
 where he tclU us, that their lore-liitheii were wont to rtgiikr s^ 
 ever concerned the Martyrdom ot the nicandl C hriliian,the Ads where- 
 of defcendcd down to his time, 'i'iius yh ) r.iijdtii\ fpeakir^i; of tlie 
 tyrdom ot .■Ipu/.'fM.-Mi in the reign of (H.-n-fl i^ tclli us, tliat all Ins ..- 
 Iwers and Difcourfcs belore the I'refidenis I ribunal,and his brave .U> - 
 ^«;xlx.lbre the ScH-ite^ were contained in the AcU of his Martyrdom, 
 which together with others, he had ct)lle:!ed into one Volume. .So that 
 tlie Origuial ol the Iiillitution is not without probabifit) rclerrcdtothc 
 times ot" 5. ClenifMs liiihop of Home. A\\ which 1 the rather note bc- 
 caulc it gives us a reafonable account how rhc Anfwcrs and .Speeches ot 
 the Martyrs, the Arguments and Difcourfes of S)nods amlC ouncils, and 
 the lixftmfforc IJomiltcs of the lathers came to be tranfmirtcd io intire 
 and [K'rl"e.:t to us. But I return \.oOn^en^ whom wclettdi:latingtoh;s 
 Notjne^^ and they delivering it to thole many Iranjoilen that were 
 allowed him; all which were maintained at Amlivjnu\ folc 
 {a)Fhotiiis indeed milves tius cliarge to have been allow ed by Ji.^ ^ , , 
 deriving his inLllake it's plain,trom the Greek Interpreter of (/!i S.Htcron, 
 Catalogue, w Iio did not riglitl)' apprehend S. Hicronh meaning, an 
 who himlelff}x;aking o'i //ippohtks^ inferts tliis pallagc concerning ,-.'»> n,,.^^ 
 Irojc I know not how, and tor no other realbn that I can imagin, but be- 
 caufc in iujehim his Hillory he tound it immediately tbilow ing the ac- 
 count that was given of ////-^oA/z/j his Works. (^) /'/>//'/.uw/«j will hj\e ■• 
 thete Commentaries written, and the cxpence-s allowed to tliat purj-Hjic '-^ " • 
 by Amlroiyjs at 7)r(-, and that tor that eiul he refided there WV'ill. 
 years together. An intolerable miflake, not only difagrering with 
 E'.ijchtK^ his account, but plainly inconfiOent w iih the coud'e of OrigeHS 
 life. Afkl indevd f.piphamus alledgcs no fetter an Author then vi o 
 Ao>0. i^ci^ having pickcxi up the .Story trom tome vulgar tradition and 
 report. His induuury and diligence in thele ^itudies was incredible, few 
 parts of the iUble efcaping Ids narrow and critical relearches : wherein 
 he attained to k) admirable an accuracy and \Kr- 
 feftion.tlut < OSy//frr»>hunfdf I not al'w a\ sover- ('''' "^'^" '^••'. l'^^ 
 civd to liim^ profetics he could be content to bear v 
 that load ot envy that was call upon liis n.imc, lb 
 that he had but witliall liis skill and knowledge , , 
 in the Scriptures.A pallagc whicii ^ / ) Hupmtn after- ^ ;■ 2 1 
 wards fmartly enough returns upon him. "fcr.Hio. um. ^f. ^i-^. 
 
 WV. \\ \j T a Hop for t!ie prcleiit was put to this work by fome 
 affairs ot theCluucii, which called him into ./t/.;/.;, then difturbed with 
 divers Herefies that over-ran thofe Churches. And at this time doubt- 
 lefs it was that he ftaid a wiiile at Jtt. ois^ where ^as {j) / > tells us 
 
 he frequented tlie .Schools of the I'hilofophers, and convened wir' •' 
 Sages of that place. In his journey to Achji.i lie went through i^ l\i. 
 and took Cajarcam Jiis way, where producing hisl ettersof recommen- i. 
 dation from yv.w,'//a', he was ordained Freslyter by A/ewtfitfcr of Je- 
 rHf.ilem, and Jl eoLiijim liiihop of Caf-trci. Not t!ur tliis \" - ' -c by 
 any finifter Arts, or the amljitious procurement of ihf^pi but 
 
 was inticrly the a^ of thofe two excellent perfons, w ho dcfii.ncd by 
 this me-ansto turnilh him with a greater authority for the;' r 
 
 ot his Einballic, and to render him more fervice.ibic to tlie.. :....■ 
 
 C hurcli. However t!je thing was intlnitcl) refented by / •, as 
 
 an 
 
 -i.vi Cum It,-
 
 224 "^^^ ^^f^ of O^IGE N. 
 
 an affront againft his jurifdiftion, and a contempt of his authority, and 
 now the wind is turned into a blullring quarter, and nothing but ana- 
 themas are thundred out againll him irom AlcxaKciria. Demetrius had 
 for fome time born him a fecret grudge, and he takes this occafion to fall 
 * EuCehtbc 8 "P"" ^^"^^^^ ^^^^ tx:\xn\ is, he * envied the honour and reputation which 
 f. 209. ' "" ' On^eris Learning and Vcrtue had raifed him in the thoughts and moutlis 
 of all men, and wanting hitherto an opportunity to vent his emulation , 
 he had now one put into his hand, and accordingly charges him with all 
 that fpight and fpleen can invent, publicly accufing him ^\\ liat before he 
 admired in him) for making himfelf an Eumch, and fcverely refleding 
 upon the Bilhops that ordained him. Nay fo high did he raile the ftorm, 
 . ^ .^^_ that he procured Origefi^ to be condemned (a) in twofeveral Synods, one 
 />i/T/r/w'ofBilliopsand Presbyters, who decreed that he Ihould bebahilhed A/e- 
 cod. cxviii. xandria, and not permitted either to live, or teach there .- the other un- 
 «/. 297. jg^ Demtrh/j^ who with fome Bilhops oi Egypt pronounced him to be de- 
 graded iTom his Priefthood,hisgreateft favourers fubfcribingth^ Decree. 
 (l>)Aptidj{uffn. {^) S. Hierom adds, that the greateft part of the Chriflian World confen- 
 inveti 11. in ted totliis condemnation, and that Rome it felf convened a Synod againft 
 SfT.H/er.xI ^^™ » not for Herefie or hmovations in Dodrine ; but meerly out of 
 p.225. ' envy, as not able to bear the glory and renown of his Learning and Elo- 
 quence ; feeing while he taught they were looked upon as mute and 
 dumb, as the Stars difappear at the prefence of the Sun. And yet all 
 this cumbuftion vaniilied into fmoke, Ongen dill retaining his Priefl- 
 hood, publicly preaching in the; Church, and being honourably enter- 
 tained where-ever he came by the wifer and more moderate party of the 
 Church. 
 
 XV. WEARIED out with the vexatious aflaults of his enemies, he re- 
 folvedtoquit Alexatidr'ia, where the fentence of the Synods would not 
 fuffer him long to abide, having firft refigned the Government of his 
 
 (c) Eufeb. ib.c. Catechetic School intirely to his Colleague Heraclas (c). This Heradas was 
 26.;. 228. a Gentile born brother to Tlutarch, who (as before we noted) fuffered 
 
 Martyrdom for the Faith, together with whom he became Or'igens Scho- 
 lar, by whom he w^as converted, and built up in the Faith, then taken in 
 as his Vjker or Partner in the Catechetic Office, afterwards his fuccelTor, 
 and lafl of all Bilhop of Alexandria. A man of unwearied diligence and 
 a ftrift liie ; learned and eloquent, a great Mafler in Philofophy and all 
 humane, but efpccially verfed in divine Studies. He retained his Thik- 
 Jophic hahit even after he was m^ade Presbyter of Alexandria, and ceafed 
 not with a mighty induftry ilill to read over and convcrfe w^ith the Wri- 
 tings of the Gentiles ; indeed arrived to that fingular fame and reputa- 
 tion, that Julius Ajricanus, one of the moft learned men of thofe times 
 
 (d) ibid.c.-3,i.f. came {d) on purpofe to Alexandria to fee and hear him. No wonder there- 
 ^5°' fore [[ Origen committed this great care andtrufl to him, whofe perfo- 
 
 nal merit, and particular obligations as his Scholar, might feem to chal- 
 lenge it. Before his departure ( for they that refer it to the time of 
 Decius, fpeak at random, Origen not being then at Alexandria) an acci- 
 dent fell out, which (if true) hafinedhis flight with morefliamc and for- 
 row than all the malice of his bitterelt enemies could create him. Thus 
 
 (e) Efifh.VU, then we are told; <?) fome Gentiles t\i2.t were his mortal enemics,ic'ized upon 
 fup.p.zp. him and reduced him to this flrait, that either he ihould abufe his body 
 tm!x.f. ^'^'^ with a Bhckmonr, or do lacrifice to an Idol. Of the two he chofe to 
 
 facrifice, though it was rather their act than his , lor putting Frankin- 
 
 cenfe
 
 7/'r J.ifcof O^ic r; V 
 
 "-J 
 
 ccnfc into lusliand, tlity Ld him up to the Altar, and forced him to 
 liirou It mro tiic (irc. Which yet drew l(';;rcata blot iiixjn his name, 
 and derived lo nuicli guile \\\>ox\ Ins ( t)nlc.ence, iliat nor aLIc to hear the 
 piihiic reproach, Ik unmediately left the C ity. 'J he credit of" this "^torv 
 !•> nut a httlc Ihaken by thcuniverlal lilcnce olrhejuorc ancient Writers 
 in this matter, not Co much as intimatet' ' ' ,or(V/- 
 
 _^f'/'s own contemporary, 7 V,'//\ /;;/.) ol .■ , i. ,. ,,.,,^ c J by his 
 
 greatell adverlarics, as is plain from the AlHjIogics written \\\ his I einll ; 
 not mentioned l)y yV/>/'>/7 who lived in ihofe times, and whom we can- 
 not luppole either to h.wcbeen ignorant ol it, or willing to conceal it, 
 wiien we find him talll) rejKJrting ot Ammonnn^ tiiat he Apoflati/td 
 from C hrillianity, and ol" Onqen lumrclli that he was born and bretl an 
 Heathen. In Ihoit not mentioned by any bclorc Fpiplwihu^ and bclldcs 
 him, not by an\- elfe at" that time, not Sr. ///c /</»;, RuftHu*^ I'lmemius 
 i,t'rhiC'Jis^ or J I c.ff.ilm ol Alfsjt:(iiut^ fome of whom were enemies 
 enough to Or/^f^f. So tiiat it was not witiiout lome plaufilnlity oIKeafon 
 tjiat ' iyjAw/.Yjrurpcvied this pallcige to have been loillcdinto F.fiplwnius^'AiAmtisy 
 and not to have been the genume illuc ol his Ten. 1 hough in mv mind " ^-^'^"' 
 L-.pipl.Muus himfeh la}s enough to make any wile man ready to lurrend 
 Ills beliet"; tor he tells f us, that many ftrange things were reported con- ttW.f2?9. 
 cernmg vr.y^c/t^ \v iiich he himlelt gave no credit to, though he thought 
 gotxi to letdown the reports; and how often he catcher up any com- 
 uiwn rumors and builds ujxjn them, none nn.-d to be told, that arc ac- 
 quamted w ith his Writings. Nor is it likely he would balk any ."itory 
 tliat tended to ()n^c,.'!> difgrace, who had himfelt" lb bitter a ^cal and 
 Ipleen againll him. I might lurther aigue tlie improbabilit)- of this 
 itory trom hence, that tliis being a longtiine alter his famous emafcu- 
 latingof hiralelt, which by this time was known all abroad, itisnotrea- 
 Ibna le to luppole, that the Heathens Ihould make the prortituting 
 himielf in committing Adultery one part of his choice, whicli his felt- 
 contraclcd impoicncy and Eitmchifm had long fince made im|K>iliblc to 
 him. HowLAer fuppofmg the matter of Fact to be true, it lounds i\ot 
 more t^ cipecially confidermg how mucli there wasot force and coinpul- 
 fioninit") tohisdilparagtmcnt, then his folemn repentance atteruards 
 made lor his honour, and when the defire to preferve his chaftiry inviola- 
 ble is laid in the Scale with hisoflering Sacrifice. 
 
 W'l. AN N.il^.WWW. * Or/_7/»k\t A/c:\.i.if/r/.i, and dire.l inghis */ 
 
 courl'etbr i'^/cji/uc^ went to his good friend and Patron J hcoilijiu^ \\\-f~^' 
 
 Ihop ot Ccjjrej, and from thence to JerMJJirm to falute Altxanff(r \Vi- 
 
 ib.op of if, and to vifir the venetable Antiquities ot" that place. And 
 
 jieic Ef'!pl.\iH/us in purfiumceof the Ibrefjoing Story tells us, that being 
 
 mightily im}X)itiined to Preacli, he Hood up in the ("ongregation, and 
 
 luuiiig pronounced tliole words of penitent Vjz/r/^Ruf unto the wicked 
 
 ' '.iill.\ tvh.it l\ijl .' '!)tof{ccljrc MilhtHfCs, .in<{ th.it thou Ihal/iil 
 
 • y covctuHt iri ti , ,. , ,. .' He could go on no luriher, but lluit the 
 
 t)bk, and laid it dow n, .".nd fitting down burfl out into fighs aud tears, 
 
 .e whole Congregation bearing part with him in that mournful ^cinc. 
 
 • ' to carry on the l.iiin'iur, and mahc the Stor\ mor ' ', ' r- 
 
 ^ . preien: us with a + Difcourli.- undjr his name, cil "- tEv.-. . ..• 
 
 .v/K.', w herein he paflionittly relents and laments his lall, ;2s a delixrate ^^ 
 .oiindtohim;elf, a griel to gootl men, and an unconceivable " 
 ) God, an.! lo Ivcljgion. And pit^ it is, if the btorv Ix; tu. , ;...il 
 
 ' G g this
 
 226 The Life of O ^ ^ G E li. - 
 
 this Lamentation were not genuine ; but as it is, the beft ground it has 
 to fupport it feif, is, that it is calculated to gratifie a pious fanHc and 
 a melting palTion, there being nothing in it otherwife worthy of this 
 great man, and I fear was firft defigncd by him that made it, as a 
 refleilion upon him, and to give countenance to the report that was 
 raifed concerning him. From Jernjalem he not long after returned back 
 to Cajarea where ( as before he had done at Alexandria ) he let up a 
 
 *id:ihid.c.^o.* Sc\\oo\ both for divine and humane Learning, and his great name 
 
 />■ 229. quiclky procured him Scholars from all parts, not only of the Country 
 
 thereabouts, but from the remoteft Provinces, Among which of moll 
 remarque were Gregory called afterwards Tbaumaturgiis, and his Brother 
 Atherioctorus^ who leaving the Study of the Law, as being more delighted 
 with Philofophy and humane Arts, committed themfeives to his con- 
 duit and tutorage, who firfl inftrudled them in Philofophy, and then 
 trained them up to a more accurate knowledg of the Chriftian Faith. 
 Five years they remained under his Difcipline, when being fufficiently 
 enriched with the knowledge of Religion, they returned into Fontus^ 
 their own Countrey, where they both became Bi/hcps, and proved emi- 
 nent Lights and Governors of the Church. During his refidence at 
 
 ^ibid.c.zj.f. Ca/area^there was a firm intimacy and league f of friendlhip contrad:ed 
 
 ^^^" between Origen and Firmilian Bilhop of Cafarea in Cappaclocia, who had 
 
 fo great a kindnefs for him that fometimes he would prevail with him to 
 come over into that Province for the edification of the Churches in thofe 
 parts, fometimes he himfelf would go into Jn^hea to vifit him, and 
 Hay a confiderable while with him to perfect himfelf by his fociety and 
 converfe. This FirrMlian was a Gentleman of Cappadocia^ afterwards 
 made Biiliop of Ccejlirea in that Countrey. A perfon of great name and 
 note, and who held correfpondcnce with moft of the eminent men of 
 thofe times. Few confiderable atfairs of the Church, Nvlierein he was 
 not concerned either by his prefence or advice. Great contefls were be- 
 tween Stephen Bifhop of Rome concerning the Baptifm of heretical per- 
 fons, wherein he took part with Cyprian. He was twice at Antioch to 
 examine the cafe of Paul of SamoJ'ata Bifhop of that Church, and com- 
 ing a third time to a Synod convened there for that purpofe, died at 71?; - 
 fus by the way. Nor v/as Origen admired and courted only by forein- 
 ers and young men who had been his Scholars, but by the grave and 
 the wife at home : both Alexander and Theo^ijliis^ though ancient Bi- 
 '' Ihops, did not difdain in a manner to become his Difciples, committing 
 to Ms fmgle care the power of intepreting the Holy Scriptures, and 
 whatever concerned the Ecclefiaftical Do6lrine. 
 
 XVIL I T was now about the year CCXXXV. when Maximiam 
 the Thracian fucceeded in the Empire: a man fierce and ill naturcd, 
 and according to his education bruitifli and cruel. He hated whatever 
 
 * Id. ib. c. 28. had relation to his Predeceflbr, and bccaufe the * Chriftians had found 
 fome favourable entertainment in his Family, he began firfl with them, 
 and efpeeially the Bilhops, as the chief pillars and promoters of their 
 Religion, whom he every where commanded to be put to deatli. To 
 
 nJc wsirepfi contribute toward the confolation of Chriflians in this evil time, Orige:! 
 
 TO//Tiie;Hf£u-^j.Qj. i^iggook concerning Martyrdom., which he ioyntly dedicated to 
 
 Td iMfl-K, jepe 
 
 It) OTjiar xju OT/ T?.) (wvcc-^avi^.t tu.TtsUfui^ATii'n X; eiiiJi.fxafTvp;iajvv[XH', "nii aid.TXxfiCTTa.v^fHfMlttiyJ 3a—;- 
 /j-drav T» Xetf J Qu) >'/iiic i^/Ji}^ T Tm^itiijvv n ©sb. Orig.lixhort. ad Martyr, pag. 200. 
 
 If:;
 
 The Life /?/^ O r i c, e n. 227 
 
 liis dear Amhrflfiin, and to FrvfOi/efui Presbyter o{ Cicfarea^ as wlio lud 
 
 undergone a joint lliarc ot imprilonrntnt and lu;ferings under the prc- 
 
 fcnc ierfccution, and had in.idc a glorious and illuiirious coniellion ot 
 
 the Chriflian Faith. .Aster Jr/^f;/ Iniiiltlt, he is laid to have taken fan- 
 
 ctuary in the liojle of 'jalun.!^ a uealtliy and chaiitaLle l.adv, who 
 
 courtcoully entertained liim, and lurniihed him with IJooks uidul tor 
 
 hull, particularh with i>/wwjc/ttj * his Verfion ot the Old "1 ellament, *'^"/''"*-'-'7- 
 
 and hisCxnnmentariesin defence ot" the r.ltumtc^^ particularly levelled ^■^'^* 
 
 againil S. MirrUn's Golpcl : IJooKs winch J it // jh j ciyoyxd as by right of 
 
 iiiiieritancc devolved upon her. 
 
 Will. W H I i. K he enjoyed the happy opjiortunity of tliib retire- 
 ment, he more dire:tly applied hinilell to what lie had long fincede- 
 ligned, the collet ingand colhuing the leveral Kditions and \'er('ions of 
 the Old Teflament with the Ongitiai Text, which he finilhed by three 
 feveral parrs t, the 7 £•/"/.//'/./, the //f.vj/)/.;, and the Ociapla. Intiiefirft ti^jl"Jci6. 
 { which con'idered as a dillin^-'l: parr, was madelall) were four Tranlla- f^^^'Jer'^/f^', 
 tioiis, Itt one over againti another, that of W</«./j, Symrnjchui, the Septuj- de pv„der. (3 
 gtnr^ and Jhedotum^ thele made up the Zf/rj^/j. In the fccond were'"f"^"^''"!• 
 thcle four Virfions dil\x)fed in the fame order, and fAo other columns j,^y,f^,. ,^r* 
 kt lx;lorethem,thus; firll the //t/rfu-l cxt in its own Letters, tiicn in ^'^i cJim*^. 
 a column next adjoining the lame/Zf/rcii' Text in OV^f/tchara ers, that '"*'*' ^"^' 
 they who were ll rangers to the one, might be able to read the other : 
 next lollowed the ftveral Verfions of ,-/</«//.;, i^w»ur/'wi, the Septuaginty 
 and Ihenludon. And thcfe conAitated the Ilewtpb. Where the Se- 
 ptua^int being placed after that of Wy«//jand Symmachus gave fomc ig- 
 norant undiiccrning jxrlbns occafion to think, that it had l)ecn made 
 alter tlic twotormcr: wliercis ir was placed in tlitmiddle as Fpipha- 
 viu% *' intbr ms us only as a Standard, by w liirh the g-xxincfs and fincc- *l^*df. s^y; 
 rityofthe rell werctobc tried and judged. In the third which made 
 the OdjpLi, were all that were in the tormer , and in the fame manner, 
 and two more Verfions, added at the end ot them, one called the tifth 
 rJitioH^ found by a Student at Jcrujj/em in a Hogihead at Jcr/ch in the 
 time of the Emperour CaracalU ; and another ftiled the Sixth FAtticn^ 
 found by one ot Or /^rw's Scholars at Kuopolis near .-iii/nm, in tlie reign 
 of AlcxMrlcr SiVfruf. Al\ which in the OiLip/j were difpofed in leve- 
 ral columns in this order : in the firtl column was the Orginal //dreu-y 
 in its native charaders, in the next the //elreiv in Greek J etters, in the 
 third the tranflation of ,-/yrf//./,thenthat of 5'\wwji7'«j,ncxt x.\\QSepty.;^iHty 
 in thefixth that of 7lrri/rno>iyZnd in the two lafl that ot Jer/cl-CyZnd the 
 other of AV />o/i<. Indeed plain it is from what t S. Hierom tells us, that \Cmmo\t. in 
 thele two lafl were not compleat and intire Tranflations, but contained ^"'"Bf^S^- 
 only Ibme parts of the Old re(lament,efpcc.ally the Prophetical Books. 
 But wlKthcr from hence we may conclude the I/csjpLi and tlic Od^pl.t 
 to have been but one and the lame Work, only rcce v.ng its difTircnt 
 title according to thofe Parts that had thefc two lafl N'erfions annexed to 
 th'.m, I will not fay. Befides thcfe there was a Scve»th Edition ; but this 
 Ix-'longing onl) to the Book ot ffjlms, made no alteration in the title ot 
 the w hole. The frame and order of this excellent contrivance, the 
 Reader will better apprehend by this following iV/rw, formed accord- 
 ing to a Specimen of the /Ycx.iph extant in Cjrrfinj/ BjrbcnH.i very an- 
 cient Manufcript of the. '//^for Prophets, U}x5n thefe words, lfhn/Jrae/ 
 iijs J chi!(fy theul lovefi liniy and called tn\ Son out of E^ypt. HoC XL i. 
 
 G g i Icirjplj.
 
 228 
 
 The Life of 0^\ge 
 
 N. 
 
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 <P 
 
 And to make the Work more compleat and ufefuJ, he diftinguifhed the 
 *yid.fr^terfinpt.citat.Or,g.Commcm.w additions and deficicnces by feveral marks *, 
 
 MMth.Edu.Huet.gr. I. p. 381 . G? I{ejp.ad. F. 
 fijl.Afnc. f. 226,227. Edit. BaJil.vid.I^'n. 
 Inve^.U.m Hiermanter oper.Hter.T.j^.p.Z'^o. 
 
 where any thing had been added by the LXX. 
 befides the faith of the Original Text, he pre- 
 fixed an Ohlus before it ; where any thing was 
 wanting, which yet was in the Neirew, he inferted the words with an 
 Ajlericy to diflinguilh them from the reft of the SeptHagint Tranl^ation. 
 - . Where
 
 The Life ofX) r i g e n. 
 
 225? 
 
 Ularc various I.e;>ions were confirmed by t|jc crcatcr number of 
 1 ranlbtions, he added a note called Lfmn//cMSy wlicrc two of tlitin 
 oiiIn concurred, an J /■.[■■UmHiJiHu By wliicli means he did right to 
 iru!h, uithout doing wrong to any. A work ot infinite labour and 
 ailmirablcule,and wluch was thcrctore particu!arl\- fiiled by tlitAncitnti 
 UpHinccleluvy the \N'ork of the ( hurch, upon the account wIktcoI S. IJic- 
 rem * calls him Iinmcrt.iU lilntl inqeHiMiti^ as indeed had there bcrn no- * '^ '''" •*• 
 thing ellc, this alone had lx.-en fuflicient to have cterni/ed his name, and"^'^'"'" 
 to have rtndred him memorable to ix^Herity : and how happy liad it Uxn, 
 Ii id It U-en prclcrveii, the lols whereof 1 can attribute to nothing more 
 than the pains and charge, the trouble and difficulty of tranfcribing it. 
 Thougli loine part of it, : n. the Srpru.iq^mt was taken out, and pubhihcd 
 moa-exait and corrcd from the faults' which had crep into it b) tran- 
 fcribing by /'w/c-^/wj and ;'.7w/)/////v afterwards. It was a Work ol time, 
 and not finilhcd by Onq^fn all at once, begun by hiin at C.rjjrcj, and' 
 perte:ted at /vrr, as Ep/phanius plainly intimates. 
 
 \I\. FROM Crjarej Ort^en^ upon what occafion I know not, fecms 
 to have taken a fecond journey to Athmu For during his (lay tliere, 
 u e find hiin fimlhing his Commentaries t upon F.zr:h/c/, and beginning !&'/'* '/--f. 32- 
 liis Expo fit ion upon the r.;«r/f/n, five Books whereof he there jK-rlc-^ '''' 
 <^K-d, making an end of the reft at his return to dejarej. The op|xir- 
 tunity ot this journy, it's conceived by foine, he took to go to Nnomcdu^ 
 10 villt histnend Jmlroliu$^ who with his wife and children at tliat 
 time rcfided there. While he continued here (which was not long ) he 
 returned an aniwer to the I ettcr which he had btely received from 
 JuliHi .-///-/OMwy concerning the Hiftory o{ Sufj»,ij^ which Afncwui by 
 Ihort but very forcible arguments maintained to be a fictitious and fpu- 
 rious relation. Driven undertakes the cafe, and juftifies the .Story to be 
 fmcerc and genuine, but by arguments, which rather manifeft theacute- 
 nefsof his parts, than the g(X)dnefs of hiscaufe, and cle-arly (hew how 
 m.ich men of thegreateft learning and abilities are put to it, when en- 
 gaged to uphold a weak fide, and which has no truth of its own to 
 luj-jxirt it le'f. It happened about tliis time that Ben/Jus (a)h\{\\o\ioi^-'i'^'^-^'i'i- 
 Bojirj in Arjhij^ iell into abfurd and dangerous errours, a(K.rting, tliat 
 our Lord U-fore his incarnation had no proper fubfiftcnce, no )>erlonaJ 
 Deity, but only a derivative divinity tVom his Father. The Bilho^is 
 of thofc parrs met alxjut it, but could not reclaim the man, whereu[>on 
 Orr^cns allillance was retiueftcd, who went thither, and treated w ith 
 lum both in private conterences and in public Synods. \\\s greateft dif- 
 ficulty was to know what the man meant, which when he had once 
 found out, he plied him io hard with cogent reafonings and dcmon- 
 ftrations that he was forced to let go his hold, recant his errours, and 
 return back into the way of truth. Which done, Origen took his leave, 
 and came back for Vahjhn. .And RenUus [h \ as l>ccame a true Conv en . 
 infeveral letters gave thanks to Or/(^fw for his kind pains in his convi-,,^ 
 ftion, killing the hand that brought him back. 
 
 XX. OH JO EN was now advanced G) above the age of threcfccrc, (f)£,m;^^ 
 and yet remitted notliingof his incredible indullry either in preaching j6./. 232. 
 or writing. At Amhroltus his mtreaty he look to task CrlJ'us Im Book 
 agiinft tlic Cliriftians. This TrZ/ir was an FptcurcjM PJiiloiopher, con- 
 temporary with /-«c/j>r, the witty Atheift, who dedicatcxl his FjciJomjK- 
 tis to him, as indeed there fcems to have been a more tlian ordinary 
 
 fym|>athy
 
 30 The Life of Qrtg e 
 
 N. 
 
 fympatliy of humour and genws between thefe two pcrfons. Ce/fl^s 
 was a man of Wit and Parts, and had all the advantages which Learning, 
 Philofophy,and Eloquence could add to hmi; but a itvere and incurable 
 encmv to the Chriltian Religion, againit \\ hicli he wrote a Book cnti- 
 tuled ' AAa-i-'i; ?.oy(^^ or the true D/Jcowje, wherein he attempted Chri- 
 llianity with all the Arts of infinuation, all the witty refledions, ^'iru- 
 lent afperfions, plaufil le reafonings, wherewith a man of parts and ma- 
 lice was capable to afiault it. lo this Ongen returns a full and folid 
 anfwerin eight Books, wherein as he had the better caufe, fo he mana- 
 ged it with that flrength of Reafon, clcarnels of Argument, and convi- 
 ctive evidence of truth, that were there nothing elle totellifiethe abi- 
 lities of this great man, this Bock alone were enough to do it. It was 
 written probably about the beginning of the reign of Ihil/p the Em- 
 perour, v\ithM'horn Or/go; kcms to have had fome acqiiaintance, who 
 ♦MjW.f 233. * wrote one Letter to him, and another to the Emprefs. From whence, 
 and ibme other little probabilities, Eujdius firll, and after him the ge- 
 nerality of Ecclefiaftic Writers, have made that Emperour to have 
 been a Chriftian and the firft of the hnperial line that was lb. The va- 
 nity of which miftake, and the original trom whence it Iprung. we have 
 fliewed elfewhere. Nor is the matter mended by thofe, who fay that 
 Phil/p was privately baptized by t.iliay Bilhop of Rvwe^ and lo his 
 Chriftian ProfeiTion was known only to the Chrijtians^ but concealed 
 from the Gentiles; which being but a conje:^ure, and 2l gratis didum^ 
 without any authority to confirm it, may with the lame eafe and as 
 muchjufticeberejefted, as it is obtruded and impofed upon us. Nor has 
 t 7<o^- Wet- the late learned publiflier t of fome Trails of Ortgen (who in order to 
 fteimiisPrajat. j jjg fecuring the Dialogue agatnfl the Marcionites to belong to Origen^ 
 m'/r'.j^arc" ' has newly enforced this argument ) faid any thing that may perfuade a 
 ^c.ajeEdit. wife man to believe a Stoiy, fo improbable in all its circumftances, and 
 B.i/i7.i 674.4. which mufl have made a louder noife in the World, and have had more 
 and better witnelTes to atteft it, than an obfcure and uncertain report, 
 the only authority which Eujehius^ who gave the firll hint of it, pre- 
 tends in this matter, 
 
 XXI. THE good fuccefs which Origen lately had in Jrahia in the caufe 
 of Beryllus made him famous in all thofe parts, and his help was now 
 *ibid.c.^7. again * defiredupona like occafion. For a fort of Heretics were flart 
 up, who affirmed, that at death both body and foul did expire together, 
 and were refolved into the fame ilate of corruption, and that at the re- 
 furreftion they lliould revive and rife together to eternal life. For this 
 purpofe a general Synod of thofe parts was called, and Orige» defired to 
 be prefent at it, who managed the caufe with fuch weighty Arguments, 
 fuch unanfwerable and clear conviftions, that the adverfe party threw 
 down tiieir weapons, and relinqniihed the fentiments which they main- 
 tained before. Another heretical crew appeared at this time in the 
 Ed/l, the impious and abominable Se£t of the Helcejaitcc^ againft whom 
 t Homtl. in alfo Origen fcems to have been engaged, concerning w hom himfelf t gives 
 i>lni.%z.'tf. us this account. They rejected a great part both of the Old and New 
 -a'^^s^aa-^ Canon, making ufeonly of fome few parts of Scripture, and fuch with- 
 ^ ' ■ ^ ■ out queftion as they could make look rnofl favourably upon their caufe. 
 S. Paul they wholly rejefted, and held that it was lawful and indiffe- 
 rent to deny the faith ; and that he was the wife man, that in his words 
 would renounce Chriftianity in a time of danger and Perfecution, but 
 
 maintain
 
 Ibe Lift' <;/ O R 1 G E N. * 231 
 
 maintain the truth in his heart. 'Ihcy carried a Book about with them 
 which they allirmcdto have been immediately droptdowntrom Hia\tn 
 u hich whoever received and gave credit to, ihoiild rcceis c reiniihon ot' 
 (ins, tlioiigh ditlerent trom that pardon \\hich our 1 onl jelus bcfloucd 
 upon his lollow ers. But how tar Origen was concerned againl\ this ab- 
 lurd and Itnllcfs generation, is to me unknown. The Lell on't is, this 
 V«it hkeablj/ing Comet, thougli its iniluence \\as malignant and pelli- 
 lential, luddenly cirofe, and as luddenl) dilappcared. 
 
 Wll. r/IILIF the KnijKror being llain by tlie Souldiers,iV(/wx 
 made a ihitt by tlic lielp of tlie Army to llept into theThrc^nc ; a mortal 
 enemy to tlie ' Cliurch, in whole ihort reign more Martjrs, elJK.cijIly •' ■' ' 39. 
 men of note and cminency cainc to the Stake, than in thole who govern- /*• -5 >■ 
 ed that Kmpire ten times his reign. In I'.iLvJlin Alcxatiffer the aged 
 and venerable Bithop ot Jerulj/cm was thrown into I'rilbn, where alter 
 long and hard ufagc, and an illuflrious contellion of the ( iirillian Faitli 
 before tlic public Tribunal, lie died. Tliis Alexander ( whom we have 
 often mentioned 1 had been firft Biiliopof r.. ' ; +, where out ot a 1 '• ' > " f- 
 
 religious curiofity he had refolved upon a I'il^. j_,^ to 'jcruj.iU-m tovi-^''" 
 
 fit tlie holy and venerable Antiquities of that place, whereunto he was 
 particularly excited by a divine Revelation intimating to him that it 
 was the wdl of God that he lliould Le alfiftant to the Bilhop of that 
 place. It lupjx:ncd at this time that A'./n//// i Billiop of ']enij.tlem being 
 ibme years fincc returned to Iiis Sec ( wliich he had deferred many years 
 before) was become incapable througli his great age and infirmity (^ be- 
 ing (>XVI. years old) duly to manage his charge. ,-//f.v.;Wtr approach- 
 ing near Jcnijj/cm, they were \s arned by a Vifion and a Voice from 
 Heaventogooutof the City, and there receive him whom Heaven had 
 deftgned to Le their Bidiop. They did fo, and finding AUxandcr, en- 
 tertained and introduced him with all pollible kindnefs and reffx'cf, 
 where by the imix)rtunity of tlie people, and the content ot all the 
 neighlxxir-Bilhops, he was conftramed to become Colleague with A'jr- 
 cijJtLi in the government of that ( luirch. This I fuppofe is the firfl ex- 
 prcfs inftance that we meet with in Church Antiquity of two Bilhops 
 fitting at once ( and that by confent ) in one See. But the cafe was war- 
 ranted by an extraordinary authority ; befidcs that, Njrc/ftii feems ra- 
 ther to have refigned and quitted the place, retaining nothing but the 
 Title, nor intermedliiig any l"arther,than by joyning in prayers and devo- 
 tions for the good of the C hurch, furviving not alxivc three or four 
 years at mofl. AUxjuficr fuccceding in the fole Prel'idency, governed 
 his C hurch with fingular prudence and fidelity, and among other me- 
 morable acts, erected a I.ilrjry at JerufJcm *, \s hich he efpecially flored '/^■'^•'•**'^ 
 W'itli EcclefiaHical F.piftles and Records, tVom whence £«/f^/mconfclIes *" 
 he turnilhed himfelf with many confiderablc Ahnwirs and materials lor 
 the comixifingof his Hillory. He fate Bilhop XXXIX. years, and alter 
 fcvcral arraignments and \arious imprifonments and futferings, died 
 now in pril'on at Cwjjrcj^ to the unconcei\ able lofs and relent ment ot 
 the whole Church, and efpecially of On^en^ who had been Ordained 
 by liim, and whom he had ever found a tafl 1-riend and Patron. Nor 
 did Ori^cH himfelf, w ho was at this time at Tyre^ cfcapc without his 
 Iharc. r.ujchius docs but briefly intimate his fuffcrings, having given 
 
 a !■ mtoftlieni in another!' ' ' • • ;''el<)ll, !• ' "• *'ii'»;' ' ^ ' 
 
 tli . muUuedupallliisloi . , and a, him'' 
 
 with
 
 n 
 
 3 2 J he Life of () R I G E N. 
 
 with all his Axis and Engins, (Ingling him out above all others of that time 
 to make him the objed: of his utmoit roge and fur}'. He was cafi into tf.e 
 bottom of a loathlom and uncomlortable dungeon, loaded with irons, 
 a chain about Ins neck, his feet fet in the Stocks, with his legs 11 retched 
 four holes diilant from each other many days together ; he \v as threat- 
 ncd w ith fire, and tried with all the torments that a mercilcls enemy 
 could mliidf. Which meeting witli a perfon of his age, and a body 
 broken with fuch, and lo many cares and labours, rnuii needs render ir 
 a very heavy burden. And yet he bore all with a generous patience, 
 and was ready to fubmit to the lafl fatal (Iroke, but that the Judge to 
 give aU po.i.bie accents to his mifery, ordered themfo to torment him, 
 that they ihould not kill liim. 
 
 XXIll. HUMANE Councils and Refolutions, when mod a5ive 
 and violent, yet be that is higher than the higheji can over-rule them,.7;;^ 
 there he that are higher than they. His Enemies had hitlierto exercifed him 
 only with preparatory cruelties, referving him for a more folemn Exe- 
 cution, but God, to whom belongs the ijjues from death^ prevented their 
 malice, and made way for him to efcape, which in all probability u as 
 cliecied by the death of Decius, who u as cut off", when he had reigned 
 
 * Eufib.thid. two years and an half Being delivered out of Prifon, * he improved his 
 t- 235- time to pious purpofes, comtorting the weak and the difconlolate, and 
 
 writing i.etters to that end up and down the World. Some few years 
 
 he out-hved the Decian Perfecution, and died at Tyre about the lirft 
 
 year of Valerian. Indeed Eufehius intimates that he departed this life 
 
 about the beginning of Galhn his reign. But I cannot lee how that 
 
 can itand .• \ or feeing elfewhere he poiitively affirms that lie was feven- 
 
 teen years pld at the time of his Fathers Martyrdom, Ann. Chr. CCII.his 
 
 dcatli mull happen the iirll of Valerian^ Ann. Chr. CCLIV, which falls 
 
 m with the iixty ninth year of his age, in which Eujehim tells us he left 
 
 this World. Otherwile he could not be more than LXVIf. years old 
 
 + A-puci Phot, 'wiiereas none make him lefs than LXIX. Pamphihis f the Martyr, and 
 
 a^cxviii. fome others, from the relation of thofe that had feen him, report that 
 
 W/.297. ^^ honourable Martyrdom put a period to hislile, when Dechis raifed 
 
 * De pond (^ ^^^^ I erfecution at Cujjaru. But befides that * Epiphaniiis exprcfly denies 
 vienfarp.^-^. that he died a Martyr, others ( as Pto/wj adds, and among xh^mEnJe- 
 + Lib. 7. C.I f. him t and it. Elierom " ) tells us, that lie continued till the time of Gallus 
 ^''ds fcrm.in^^'^^ '^°^"Jl^^-i ^n*-^ being fixty nine years old died, and was buried at 
 ongm. Tyre. Which, as he obferves, mud needs be fo, feeing he wrote many 
 
 Epifiles after the Dffww Perfecution. And probable it iy, that FampU' 
 Ills meant it, or at leaft his miftake thence arofe, of that great and glo- 
 rious confellion, a preparatory Martyrdom, wliich he made under the 
 reign ot Deciiis, which he furvived two or three years, peaceably end- 
 ing his days at Tyre^ where his body found a place of Red, and where 
 t cotovic tti- ^" ^ §^^^^ Church dedicated to the memory of our Saviour's Sepulchre, 
 M<?r-./.i.c.i9.;). behind the high Alrar his remains were laid up, as the tradition f of 
 l^^-. . _. the lad Age informs us. Nay long before that,£Vwjr^ * the /W^pw/- tells 
 s. c 2.'^^' "'^ ^^ '^'^^^ when lie was there, he faw iiis Tomb, and read his Epitaph ,• and 
 f GidieL r>r. before both f William., who was himfelf Arch-Bijhjp of Tjvr, reckons 
 ^Imliomel'^'^'^^^^'^ Tomb among the Monuments and venerable Antiquities of 
 ztiit.lTd.etiam^^^^'^^ City, his marble Monument being adorned wifhGold and precious 
 
 ■Mncom. Thi- StOnSS. 
 Mr. Sm Ihb. 
 
 5r. ■« V'm ^^^^- HAVING thus brought this great man • o lis Grave,Iet us a 
 
 fi>t.'' *'"'' ^ little
 
 'I be Life of (J RIG EN. 
 
 - :> J 
 
 little look luck upon lum, and wcc llull (Ind him a more then ordinary 
 ptrlon. His lilc was truly llri:b and Philofophical * , and an ad- • 
 iiiira'Jc iiift.mcc; o! ilirfi|>linc and \trtuc; fuch as hisdifcoiirlls wcr 
 (iich \strc his manners, and iiis hic the imageof hiiniind: that wi.t 
 and aood man, wliom he was wont to delcribc in his 1 ccturcs to his 
 Scholars (as one t ol the moll em.neiu of them allures us^'i he iiimfeh liad , 
 firrt lonned, ami drawn in the example ol his own lite. Hehadamghr ' '^' 
 regard to the glory ot (it>d, ami riic^cvkl ol louls, whole happmeis \.^ 
 (ludied by all wa)s to promote, and thought iiotliing h.ird, nothing'" ' 
 mean or fervilc that might advance it. He wa:» modell and liumhle, 
 chart and tem|KTate ; lo exemplar) hisahflincncc and lubriet) , that he It- 
 \edu|x>n\\ hat was next dixirto nothing,tbr man) years 'abllaLiing trom • />v^ ,1, p 
 Wine, and every thing but wliat wai ablblutely necellary tor the fup- ios! 
 jxsrt ot lile, till by ttx) much abrtinencehe had almofl ruined his h-alih 
 and endangered the weakning ot Nature part recovery. .Singular his 
 conteinpt otthe World, literally making good that precept ot our I ortl 
 to his Difciple-s, not to have two Cloaks^ to provide no Shucs^ nor to be 
 anxiourt}' caretul tor to morrow. When many out of confideration 
 ot his unwearied diligence would have communicated part ot what they 
 had towards liis nccellirics, he would not, but rather than be neexllefly 
 burdenl'om to any, fold his library, agreeing with the buyer to allow 
 Jiim tour <'/////, or lux- jx-nce, tor his dailv maintenance. His diligence 
 in finely, in preaching, writing, tra\elliiig, contuting Heathens and He- 
 retics, compofing Ichirmsanel ditlerences in the Church, was indetatiga- 
 ble, ujx)n which account the titles ot AfiMtuntius and ChjUentcrus arc 
 fuppollx.! by the Ancients to have l>een given to him, nothing bur an 
 indurtry ot Urafs and Iron Uing able to Iiold out under fuch infinite la- 
 bours. The day he f|Knt part in lart^ing, part in other religious exer- 
 cifes and implo)iiients ; the night he Ix-rtowed ujonthe flud) ot the 
 .Scripture, reterv ing fome little |>ortion tor fleep and rert, which he 
 ul'ually t(K)k not in Ud, but ujxjn the bare ground. Tliis admirably 
 cxcrcifedand advanced his patience, which he improved by lurther au- 
 fterities, tarting, and enduring cold and nakednefs, rtudying rtanding, 
 and tor many years te^gether going baret(H)r, remitting nothing of his 
 rigours and hardlhips, notwitlillanding all the counlels and jKrluafions 
 ol liis Iriends, who v^crc troubled at the cxcellive leverities of liis lite. 
 Whereby notvv ithrtanding he gained upon men, ami converted many 
 of the (jif.ttlc Fhilofophers, tamous for learning and Phiiofopliv, imr 
 only to the admiration but imitation of himlelt. 
 
 \XV. V I K W him in his natural parts and acquired abilities, and he 
 had a quick piercing apprehenl'ion, a rtrong and laithtul mernory, an 
 acute judgment, a rcuiv utterance. .All which were adorned and ac- 
 complilhed with a prtxiigious furniture of learning, and all the im- 
 provements whicli Runic or Greece could afford ; l^ing incompar.ibl) 
 skilled ;as ' S. UieniM and f Suidiu obferves) both in (jcntile and C \\n- . i^thite 
 rtian Learning, Loy:^ (icometryy Arithmetn:^ Aiu^iCy J'h/Iojot>ly,l\l:cforu^ One 
 and the feveral fentiments and opinions of all the Sce^s ot Flulofophy, ''[; 
 and who alwavs entertained his .Auditors with Ibmething alx)vc com- ' 
 mon obfervatioii. .So great the torce and acutenefs ot his p.irts ^^lavs 
 /'/MccMt/tis Leiiunilii * "^fo protound, quick and elegant, that none could ^Cmrjur' 
 come ne^r him : fo vart his (look ot all forts of Learning, that there ' •?''>^ 
 were few corners of divine, and ixrh.ips noneot hunune Philolophv , 
 
 H h wliich
 
 2 34 ^^^'^ ^^f'^ <?/"() R 1 G E N. 
 
 which he had not accurately , fearched into ; and when the Greeks 
 could lead him no further, with an unparallel'd induftry he conquered 
 the language and learning of the Jews. But no other character need 
 Ot) Ap.Eufeki. be given him then what rorphyry{a), who knew him, Cthougha learned 
 tbjL.Hfijhlje man {h), wlio from that paltage in Eujehms makes him have been his 
 vit.^jcript. Scholar, proceeds doubtlefs upon a great miftakej and was an enemy, 
 Porphjr.c.6. f. bgf^o^vs upon him, that he was held m very great efleem in thofe times, 
 *' and had purchafed a more then ordinary glory and renown trom the 
 
 greateft Mafters which Chriftianity then had in the World, and that 
 under the dilcipline of Amwonius he attained to an admirable skill in 
 Learning and Philofophy. The monuments and evidences whereof 
 (as he there obferves) were the Books and Writings which heleit be- 
 Iiind him, confiderable not for their Subjects only, but their multitude, 
 . ^j^. ^^ ^ arifingto that vaft number, that Epiphamm ^c) tells us, it was commonly 
 zUvid'Sn reported that he wrote fix thouland Volumes : The greatefl part of 
 Afoi.pro.ong. vvhich being underftood of Epiftles, and fingle Homihes, the account 
 jTp'iQj""'^ will not be above belief, nor give any jufl toundation for /?/#ww and 
 S. H'lerom to wrangle fo much about it, the latter of whom point-blank 
 denies, that ever himfelf read, or that Origcn himfelf wrote fo many. 
 (i) Uc.cim. ("^3 ^^incentim affirms, that no man ever wrote fo much as he, and that all 
 his Books could not only not be read, but not fo much as be tound out 
 by any. So that it was not without reafon that antiquity faltned the 
 title of Syntatlkm^ or the Compofer upon him, his innumerable Dilcourfes 
 upon all forts of Subjefts juftly appropriating that title to him. His Books 
 were of old enumerated by many, and digeited into their proper Claljcs, 
 whether Scholia fi\oxt. ftriftures upon obfcure difficult ^hcts^Hcmilies and 
 Tomes^ as the Ancients divided them ; or Esegetica and Syntagmata^ un- 
 der which rank fome Modern Writers comprehend them, the greatefl 
 part whereof though they have long fince perillied through the care- 
 lefsnefs and ill will of fucceeding Times, yet does a very large portion 
 of them ftiil remain. His phrafe and way of writing is clear and unaffe- 
 (e) Cenfur.de £|-gjj^ fluent and copious. [e] Erafmus^wes a hi^hencom/im of it^j^refer- 
 Ofer. Orig. ^-^^ -^ before mod other Writers of the Church , that it is neither 
 turgid and lofty, like that of S. Hilary, flying above the reach of ordi- 
 nary Readers ; nor fet off with gaudy and far-tetcht ornaments, like that 
 of S. Hierom ; nor abounding with flowers of Rhetoric, and fmart witty 
 fen fences, like that of S. Amhroje : nor over-feafoned with tart and fa- 
 tyrical refleftions, and obfcured with obfolete and antiquated terms, 
 as that of Tertullhm ; not fuperftitious in the curious and accurate flru- 
 fture of its feveral parts , like that of S. Gregory ; nor running out into 
 large digreffions, nor affeft ing a chiming cadency of words, like that of 
 St. Jugujlin : but always brisk and lively, eafie and natural. But when 
 he commends it for its concilenels and brevity, he certainly forgot him- 
 felf, or miftook (and what wonder he Ihould, when tis like he took his 
 mcafures not fo much from the Original as Tranflations.) For his ftile 
 (f)Efifh.Ep. though it be generally plain and perlpicuous, yet is it diffufive and luxu- 
 ad'jom.Hicro- yy^^-y^^ flowing with plenty of words, which might be often lpread,and 
 xi^P^f^'i!'"' therefore charged by fome of his critical adverlaries that he did /nflmta 
 (gjEujUth.An verba mult Ipli care (/ ), multiply an infinite crowd of words .• and that 
 ^vifftfym'iii-v ^^(p°^~°7'^<i^ -roefji^s-a? cc7re^ej>'^Ar,b^ ^ov '^ajj.ov, he filled tiie World with a 
 6rtg.tmcr£ru company of needlefs and idle words , which he unmeafurably poured 
 s.iom.^.col. ouf, and that he did ©Auae/a -^m? rmvnAoyciv, exceedingly trifle with 
 44', 453- ' . vain
 
 'Ilir Life of () K 1 r; i; •, 235 
 
 vain tautologies and repetitions. A ccnlurc u herein envy anJ emula- 
 tion mull be luppoletl to Ilivc liati the jireJominant aiul over-rii!in^ 
 flrt)ke. lor th(;u^h abounding \s it h words, he was aU\a)s allowed 
 to ])c eJoi.|Hfnt, tor which f'/*t <»//«<. highly commends him, allirming t,'.', fwr. 
 hi> pliral'e tf)bc To fwfet, plej'ant, and deliglulul, that there TctyTicd to 
 him to have dropt not words Co much ashone\ Irom his mouth. 
 
 WVI. li Vj V th.it alas, which has call clouds and darknefs ujion 
 all his g|ory,and buried fo much ot' hiilamein ignominy and reproach, 
 is the dangerous and unfound doJrines and principles which arc fcat- 
 tered up and ilown his writiiigs,ror which almoll all /\gts without any 
 reverence to his parts, learning, piety, and the judgment ol the wileil 
 and bed of the times he lived ui, have without any mercy pronounced 
 him Heretic, and his fentiments and fiKCulations, ralh,abrurd, |\.rnicious 
 blafplicmous, and indeed w hat not. '1 he alarm Ugan ol old, and was 
 purilied with a mighty clamour and fiercenefs, elixcially by McilbAim 
 Hilhop oi:' O/ynipus, Eujlathms of" Antiochy Apollinjrii, Iheni/htlus of Ale- 
 x.i»flit.i^ and F.pipl'jHii's ; and the cry carried on with a loud noifc in 
 after-ages, infomuch that the vcr) mention ot his name is intheO><r/(- 
 ( hurch al>ominable at tliis day. 1 had oncerefolved to have confidered 
 the chief of thofe notions and principles for which Or/^c* is lb heavily 
 charged by the Ancients, but fujx.rleded that labor, when I found thnt the 
 mdullry ot the learned Akn/itur I Imt in his On^oii.itu had left no room 
 for any to come after him,fo fully ,fo clearly ,fo impartially,w ithfuch infi- 
 nite \ ariety of reading has he dilculTed and canvalled this matter, and thi- 
 tlier I remit the learned and capable Re-ader. And for thofe that cannot 
 or w ill not be at the pains to read his large and excellent Dilcourfes, 
 they may confult ne-arer hand the ingenious Author of the Letter of Re- ^'"- ^'•'• 
 jolutioH comcriiiH^ Origen, and tic J.^/eJ oj hiiopm'mis ; where they will "^ '' "^ 
 find the moll obnoxious of his flc^mata reckoned up, and the Apol<v 
 gics and Defences w Inch a fincerc lover ot Oriqeti might be fupjH)fed to 
 make in his behalf, and thefe pleas reprefented with all the ad\antages 
 with w hich Wit, Rcafon, and Klo<iuence could (et them o[]. 
 
 XW'll. N OR wanted their of old thofe who flood up to plead 
 and defend his caufe, ef|x:cially I'jniphi/us thcy'/j/7)r, and rHJeliui who 
 publilhcd an Apoloq^y in fix Books in his lichalf ; the firfl five whereof 
 Were written by l'jinphilns with /■.nftl/m liis allillance, w hile rhty were 
 in prifon, the lall finiflied and added b) J ujchnu alter the others Mar- 
 t) idom. Befides which, ( j) Fhoiius tells us,therc w ere many other famous (^ vm j 
 men in thofe times, who w rote Apologies for him, he gives us a parricu- .V-. 
 lar account (/) of one, though w ithout a name, w here in five Books the(''^'''^^''V' 
 Author endeavours to juftifie Or/^cw as found and Ortluxiox, and cites '^ ■*'^' 
 Di(ni\fii4Sy DemetrinSy and Clemens^ all of AlexjHtirij^ and fevcral others 
 to give e\ idence for liim. The main of thefe A|K)logies are jKrillied 
 long ago, otherwife probably (^n^cMS caufe might apjK-ar witii a l-etar 
 face, feeing we have now nothing but his notions drelled up and glided 
 by Ills profelTed enemies, and many things afcribed to him w hich he never 
 owned , but were coined by his pretended followers. For iny own 
 part , I Hull only note trom the Ancients fmue general rcm.nvj'ie-s-, 
 w hich may be pleaded in abatement ot the rigour and laerity (t tltc 
 lentence ufually palled upon him. -And /Jr//, m.unr things were faid 
 and written by him, not pofitively and dogmatically, Init r 
 
 -.t£ii, fa\ s the (^(-^ Aut!inr of llis AjX'logy in ri'dm^ I ^ \v iv (if\ • .:- ie)1hdx»l.z^. 
 
 H li 1 tion ;
 
 23<^ The Life of O k\ gen. 
 
 tion ; and this he himfelf was wont to plead at every turn, and to beg 
 the Readers pardon, and profefs that he propounded tlicfe things not 
 as Do£trins, but as difputable Problems, and with a defign to Tearch 
 (a) Apolng.ap. jjp,j ^^j ^yf jj^g truth , as {a) raniphiliis aflures us, and S. H/crom 
 Hieron. ivm.^. |^|j^^g|j- ^.^-j cannot butconl'efs : and iF we had the teflimony of neither, 
 there is enough to this purpofe in his Books ftill extant, to put it be- 
 yond all jufl; exception. Thus difcourfing concerning the union of the 
 two natures in the perfonof our bleiled Saviour, he affirms (/) to be i 
 myftcry which no created underllanding can fu/IIciently explain; con-' 
 cerning which (fays he) not from any ralhnefs of ours, but only as the- 
 Drder of Difcourfe requires, we Ihall briefly fpeak rather what our 
 ' Faith contains, then what humane Reafon is wont to aflert, producing 
 
 •ather our own conjeftures, then any plain and peremptory affirmations. 
 '\nd to the fame purpofe he exprefles himfelf at every turn. Not to 
 ay that he wrote many things in the heat of difputation, which it may 
 )e his cooler and more confidering thoughts would have fet right. So 
 he Apologift in Fhotiui (<^) pleads, that whatever hefaid amifs in the do- 
 ' trin of the Trinity, proceeded meerly from a vehement oppofition of 
 'ahellim, who confounded the number and differences of perfons , and 
 whofe Sect was one of the mofl: prevailing Herefies of that time. The 
 confutation whereof made him attempt a greater difference and diftin- 
 dion in the perfons, then the rules of Faith did Uriel ly allow. Second- 
 '. ly, thofe Books of his (e), wherein he betrays the moft unfound and un- 
 ' warrantable notions, were w ritten privately, and with no intention of 
 being made public, but as fecrets communicable among friends, and not 
 as doftrines to difturb the Church. And this he freely acknowledged 
 • in his Letter to Fahian (/) Bilhop of Rome, and cafl: the blame upon his 
 . friend Amlrofnu, quod Jecreto edit a in pullicum protulerit , that he had 
 J. pubUfhed thofe things which he meant fliould go no further then the 
 brefts or hands of his dearefl: friends. And there is always allowed a 
 greater freedom and latitude in debating things among friends, the fe- 
 crets whereof ought not to be divulged, nor the Public made Judges 
 of that innocent liberty which is taken within mens private walls. 
 Thirdly, the difallowed opinions that he maintains are many of them 
 fuch as were not the Catholic and determined Dodrins of the Church, 
 not defined by Synods , nor difputed by Divines, but either Philofo- 
 ' . phical, or Speculations which had not been thought on before, and which 
 
 he himfelf at every turn cautioufly diftinguiflies from thofe propofi- 
 tions which were entertained by the common and current confent and 
 approbation of the Chriftian Church. Sure I am he lays it down as a 
 u^if'"^p^' fundamental maxim,in the very entrance upon that (g) Book, wherein his 
 ^joi tpx,-/- j^qJ^ dangerous aflertions are contained, that thofe Ecclefiaflic Dodtrins 
 are to be preferved , which had been fucceffively delivered from the 
 Apoftles, and were then received, and that nothing was to be embraced 
 for truth that any ways differed from the tradition of the Church, 
 ■>arn- XXVIII. FOURTHLY, Divers of Origens works have been cor- 
 (o)At.froOrig rupted and interpolated by evil hands, and Heretics, to add a luflre and 
 apudHwr.Tom authority to their opinions by the veneration of fo great a name, have 
 ^;'^'p'^^y inferred their own aflertions, or altered his, and made him fpeak their 
 ^d hb. Uiti language. An argument which however laughed at by S. Hierom (<?), is 
 ''f'5^'^'^'^'2- yet ftifly maintained by Euffinus (h\vfho fliewsthisto have been an old 
 ^' ' ■ and common art of Heretics, and that they dealt thus with the writings 
 
 >^:i, . . of
 
 The Life of i) r i g ek. o^"] 
 
 oi Clemens Ronumu^ of d^mens^ and Phny/ius o? J/exjnt// /..• of. -/.'/.:- 
 njjiui^ ////./rv, Cypr/ju, and many more, niinyfins (c , the lamous Bilhop / ■ 
 of Corinth^ who hvcxl many years Ixrtorc 0;>;r», allures ushcwasltrvcd j* 
 
 at this rate ; tliar at the ru)uell o| tlie brethren he li.id written levcial ' ' •' 
 F.piflles, but that the Apollles and Injiliaricsotthe l)e\ il liad filled rhern 
 with wtxds and tares, expunging f(tme tilings, and addmg others. The 
 ^/>oipjl^/Jl mFhofius.d tells us (V/^f//himrdl complainedot this jn his lite (i; t*. 4/r 
 time ; and to indeed lie does in his f > I ctter to them ot Ali-xjnein.i, \i here .,,^ 
 
 he frmrtly retentstlut ch.irge ot" blalphemv had Ixen atcnlxxi to hun ..- -X 
 
 and his dodrinc, of which he w as never guilty, and that it was lefs u on- 
 dcr if his doctrine was adulterated, when the grtut S. /'j«/ could not 
 efcapc their hinds ; ho tells them ot" an eminent Heretic, that having ta- 
 ken a Copy of a dilpute which he had had witli him, did afteru ards cur 
 off", and add wliat he pleas 'd, and change it into anotlier thing, carry- 
 ing it about with him, and glorying in it. And w hen fomc triends in 
 Valejltn lent it to him then at Atlm^^ he returned them a true and au- 
 thentic Copy of it. And the fame foul pla\ he lets them know helud 
 met with in other places, as at Fphejus and at Antioch^ as he there par- 
 ticularly relates. And if they durft do this while he was yet alive, and 
 able ^ashedid) to right himtell, what may we think they would do al- 
 ter his death, when there were none tocontroul them? And upon this 
 account mofl of thofe atlertions mull efpecially le difcharged, wherein 
 Ortten is made to contradiv-t himfelt", it being highly improbable ( as 
 Fi^iMus(^f\\x\\ urges) that fo prudent and learned a perfon,one far enougli ^f^ Uc.nt f 
 from being either tool or mad man, Ihould write things fo contrary and ''' 
 repugnant to one another. And that not only in divers, but in one and 
 the lame Book. 
 
 XXIX. I might furtjier obfer.e liis conflant 2eal againft Heretics, his 
 oppofing and retuting of them wherever he came both by word and 
 writing,his being fent tor into foreign Countries to convince gainfayers, 
 his protelfing to abominate all heretical dcxftrines, and his rctufmg fo 
 much as to communicate in prayer with /'j«/ the Heretic of Ww.vm-/-, 
 though his whole maintenance did depend ufxin it. And methinksic 
 deferves to be confidered, that Athjnjjiu^ in all the hcjt of tlie .irrun 
 controverfics ( then wliom certainly none was ever more dilfgerrt to 
 fearchout heretical jxrfons and opinions, or more accurate in examining 
 and refuting the cliief ot thofe clo>ifrines,tlut are laid at On^ien's door) 
 fhouJd never charge him upon that account. Nay lie particularly 
 quotes him \^g) to prove our Lord'i ccxtcrnity and coellentiality with 
 the Father cxaftly according to the decifions of the Nicene Syna.1, dif-^^j!^^^ 
 milling him with the honourable chara^iler of ,>ay/^^ >^ (p/AoTorwl-rxJiJ?-, Hxrtf.Amdr. 
 t\\C truijl udmirMc^ and tnjiniteh indnjhious perfott. Nor is there any 'l^'yJ' "'• 
 heterodox opinion of his, that I know of, once taken notice of in all his 5^. »97i.7j 
 works, but only that concerning the duration of future torments, and S'^h£/6a 
 that too but (/') obliquely mentioned. Whence I am apt to conclude, ci- //.] /> V^ 
 ther that Ort^eti\ writings were not then fo notorioufly guilty, or tlur cffnu P4tr f. 
 this great man, and zealous defender of the Churches doctrin (who be- ^ ^ f *>*• 
 ing Bilhop of Alexjnelrij could not be ignorant of u hat Onqcn had 
 taught or written, nay affures us, he had read his Books' didn.)tltxjk 
 upon thofe dangerous things that were in them, as iiis linfe. .And in- 
 deed fo he laysexprelly ; that wliut things he wrote by wayot contro- 
 verfieand difputation, are not to be looked upon as his own words and 
 
 iitn*
 
 238 Jhe Life of X^ R 1 g e n. 
 
 fcntiments, but as thofe of his contentious adverfaries whom he had to 
 deal with, which accordingly in the pafiagcs he i<;ites he carefully diPan- 
 guilhcs from Or/gensown words and fenle. Xp all which I may add, 
 that when the controverfic about the condemnation of liis Books was 
 (a) Secr.n.ii. driven (j) on moil furiouilyby Tbeopbilus and Efiphan'ms^l heoi 'mi<s t.\\Q 
 EccU.6.c.i2. good Scjftiyian Bitbop plainly told Ep/pkrru.'^s, that for his part he would 
 ^■^''" never fo much diihonour a perfon fo venerable for his piety and antir 
 
 quity, nor durft he condemn what their Anccflors never reje£fed, cfpe-f 
 cially w hen there were no ill and mifchievous Docfrins in Or/gen's 
 Works ; rherewithall pulling out a Book of Or'igeti's^ which he read 
 before the whole C;onv<;ntion , and ihcwed it to contain Expofi- 
 tions agreeable to the Articles of the Church. With thefe two excel- 
 lent perlons let me join the judgment of a Writer of the middle Ages of 
 (/'.)j?r(-w,ii.//. the Church i^^)/y.yw(?Bilhop o\ Hdherfiad^ who fpeaking of tlie things 
 Vxd.iA. c. 3. ijij to Origeiis charge : " For my part (fays he) faving the faith of the 
 ?. 108,109. ^, f^^^^^^^^^ \ affirm of him, either that he never wrote thefe things, but 
 '* that they were wickedly forged by Heretics, and fatliered upon his 
 " name ; or if he did write them, he wrote them not as his own judg- 
 " ment, but as the opinion of others. And if, as fome would have it, 
 " they were his own fentiments, we ought rather to deal compailionately 
 " with fo learned a man, who has conveyed fo vaflatrcafury of Learn-- 
 "ingtous. What faults there are in his Writings, thofe orthodox and 
 " ufeful things which they contain , are abundantly fufficient to over- 
 " ballance. 
 
 XXX. THIS and a great deal more is, and may be pleaded in Ori- 
 gens defence, and yet after all it muft be confefled, that he was, guilty 
 of great miftakes, and ralh propofitions, which the largefl: charit)' can- 
 not excufe. He had a natural wj^rmth and fervor of, mind, a comprc- 
 lienfive wit, an infatiable thirft after knowledge, and. a defire to under- 
 ftand the moll abftrufe and myfterious fpcculations of Theology, which 
 made him give himfclf an unbounded liberty in inquiring into, and dif- 
 courfing of the nature of things, he wrote much, and diftated apace, and 
 was ingaged in infinite variety of bufinefs, which feldom gave him lei- 
 fure to review and correal his writings, and to let them pafs the cenfure of 
 fecond and maturer thoughts ; he traded greatly in the writings of the Hea- 
 thens, and was infinitely folicitous to make the doctrines of Cliriftia- 
 ' nity loolv as little unlike as might be to their bell and beloved notions.. 
 (<?) Ap. Eufeh. -'^"'^ certainly what Marxellus (<?) Biihop of Ancyra long fince objected a- 
 tmtr.Marcd. gainft him, is unqucflionably true (notwithflanding what Eujcbius has 
 /. I .;>. 23. ^^y jQ ^,^^^ -^^ ^^^^ coming frefli out of the philofophic Schools, and lia- 
 ving been a long time accurately trained up in tlie principles and Books 
 of Tlato^ he applied himfelf to divine things, before he was fufficiently 
 difpofcd to receive them, and tell upon writing concerning them, while 
 fecular learning had yet the predominancy in his mind, and fo unwarily 
 mingled philofophic notions wuth Chriftian principles, further than the 
 analogy of the Chriflian faith would allow. And I doubt not but who- 
 ever would paralell his and and the Flatonk principles, w ouki find that 
 mod of the 5t/7p/a/ cJb|«y he js charged , with , his mafter-notions were 
 brought out of the School of iVt/Zr?, as the above meotioned JJuetius has 
 in many things particularly obferved. S. Ilicrom himlelf ( whom the 
 (l>)AdPamm- torrent of that time made a- fevere enemy to Origcti) could l:ut iiave fo 
 o'mVlTz "^^^^^ tendernefs for him, even in that very Trad(^) wherein he j)alles 
 lorn. 2. ' t]>e
 
 Jh Life <9/ () R I G E N. 239 
 
 rlie dccpcil ctnfuas upon him, after he had commended him lor !iis 
 j>arrs, /cal, and llri:l nels o{ life ; " Which of us la) s lie / is al.lc to read 
 " fo much as he has written ? Who would not admire the ardent and 
 " fpriglitly temper of his mind toward the holy -Scriptures? But if any 
 " eiwious Zealot lliail object liis erroiirs to us, let hiin Ireely Iicar wliat 
 " was laid ot old : 
 
 QuJHffotjue lotttii (iurmitJt Jlomerui. Hettt .. ./ff. 
 
 yerum opt re in lottgojus cjl ohrrpere Jomnum '*•" '-■■ jW- 
 
 In a long Work each flip i\\tCcnjori Hod 
 Docs not delervc. Homer dcKs Ibmtimesnod. 
 
 " Let us not intimate his Faults, whofe Vertucs we cannot reach. Others 
 " hoiXxGrccki and Lutih^-s have erred in the faith as well as he, whom 
 " it's not necellary to name, left we might feem to dctend him, not by 
 " his own merit, but by the millakes of other men. To all that has 
 been hitherto faid, I may add this, that fuppolc him guilty of as jk-IH- 
 lent and dangerous errours as theworrt of his enemies lay to his charge, 
 yet he atterwarJs itpented of what he had raihly and unadvifedly 
 written, as appears by his tpiflie to /-a/vj* * Bilhop ot Hnnc. And is , . „ , 
 it not intolerable rudenefs and incivility at leaft , perpetually to up->;r;i9':;' .,i. 
 braid and reproch a man with the faults of his paU life, and v\ Inch \\t:K'^ ''■" '• 
 himlelf has difowned .■' Sorrow tor what is i>aA in fome mealure re- "i!^''///,")'C' 
 pairs the breach, and repentance mul\ be allowed next door to Inno f2i9 Primui 
 cence. jMUa,<ut,p*- 
 
 4ui fJi.n.'H, 
 
 Stamduj, dtltiid etgmfcere. ISu aarit inmtantU imtgra (3 iSilwa qut fcrvn, bic fuectik mtdiU qHsjtmt, 
 Cffr. tdCfniel. Eftjl. 35. /. 83. 
 
 His Writings mentioned by the Ancients, and w liich of 
 them extant at tlus day. 
 
 Homiliarum myfticjrum in Genef. C Comment aril. 
 
 Lih.W. In rfjlmcs</ /omdi£. 
 Comment,ir. in Genef. Lii. XIII. C^choltj. 
 
 fi.Mjnf Lutine HQmihiC XVII. Ext. Ljtjm fjjlm. ^6. iJom. V. in 
 Ccmmcmjr. Tomi in ExcAum. Fj^lm. J7. /Aw. II. tn fjjl. 38. 
 
 Ext. Lattne Homilia XII. Horn. X\. 
 
 Scholia in I^rvittcum In Froverlta Salom. Commentar. 
 
 Ext. HomiltiC XV7. Fxpticjtio Ecclejullu. 
 
 In Nameroi extjnt LJt. I{»mili£ In Cjnticum Cantic. Cornmentarii. 
 
 XXVIII. Ext. Ut. Homilia: IF. 
 
 In Deuteronomium Ifomilij:. C Comment jr.Lihi.WX. 
 
 In Uir.JeJuNuve ext./ZomjLXXVl In Efj'um^fhmiha:. XXV. 
 
 Lat. (_Scholu. 
 
 In I Air. JuJicum ext. Hom.Wl^t Ext. Lat. Homilix IX. 
 
 In I. Lib. Return Hamil.W. In Jeremum //ontilij: XI. X'. 
 In Lii. II. extJt Homdu unj. Extunt Cr. Ljt. Ilomil. X\'II. 
 
 In Lib. Parjlipom. Homil. I. In Ihrenoi Tcmt IX. 
 
 In dmi Efdrx Lihroi Homilta. In Eiahulcm Jomi XXV. 
 In Libr. "job Tradatus. Ext. Ljt.llomd. XIV.
 
 240 
 
 7 be Life ^/ () r 1 g e n. 
 
 />j D^Hielem .Espofitic. 
 
 In XII. Frophrds Jvm XXV. 
 
 cConmint. L/l.XXV^ 
 In Matthaum^IIorndiiC XXV. 
 ISchol'ut. 
 Ext.Gr. Lat. Tarn VII. 
 In Lucam Commentar. Tomi V. 
 
 r.xt. Lilt. Hom/lia XXXIX. 
 In [foanncm Comnientar.Toir.XXXU. 
 
 Ext. Gr. Ldt.Tcm. IX. 
 In Ada Appftolorum Hom'tl. aliquot. 
 In EpiJhLim ad Romanos Explana- 
 tionum L/h. XX. 
 Ext. Lat.Lihri X. 
 In I. ad Coritithios Commentar it. 
 
 c Comment ar'ii. 
 In Ep'ift. ad Gtilatas^I lomiitiC. 
 
 (_Scholia^ 
 In Ep'ift. ad Ephef. Comment.Lih.Wl. 
 In EpHt.adColoJf. Comment ar'i'i. 
 In\. ad Tbejf.Vol.{ut minimum') III. 
 in Ep'ifl. ad Titum. 
 
 cCommentarii 
 In Ep'iji.ad Hebraos^ 
 
 (^Hom'iliiC. 
 Tetrapla 
 Hexapla. 
 Otlapla. 
 Comment ar'i'i in Veteres Ph'ilofopbos, 
 De Rejurreclione Lihri II. 
 De Rejurreclione Dialogi. 
 StromariMv Lihri X. 
 
 Di/putationes cum Beryllc. 
 
 Pgpi a-p-)S'rjJcH de TrincipiuLih. W . 
 
 Ext. Lat. 
 
 Contra Celfum L'lh. Y\\\ Ext. Gr. L. 
 
 De Martyrio.Ext. Gr. L. 
 
 Ilomil. de Engaftrimybo. Ext. G. L. 
 
 De Oratione. Ext. Gr. Ms. 
 
 ri: Hoc alia de aliquot pra:cipuis Theo- 
 
 logiie locji & quaft'tonibus ex Ori- 
 
 genis Jcriptis a S. BajU/o &" G^regur. 
 
 Naz. excerpt n^ cap XXVIf-. fxr. 
 
 Gr. L. ■ 
 
 Epiflolae fere infinite, ex 
 his hodie ext. 
 Epiflola ad Jul.Africanum de II id or. 
 
 SufanncCy Gr. L. 
 Epiftola ad Gregnrium Thaumatur- 
 
 gum. Ext. Gr. L. in Philucalia. 
 -'. ;^' Doubtful. 
 
 Dialogus contra Marcionitasy de reda 
 
 in Deumfide. Ext. Gr. L. 
 Suppofititious 
 In L'thrum Job Irall.Ul. & Comment. 
 
 in eundem. 
 Comment ar'iiu in Evangel. S. Marci. 
 Homiine iu diverfos. 
 De Philofophorum Sedis fiS" dogma- 
 
 t'lbus. 
 Lamentum Origenis. 
 Scholia in Orationem Dominicam, (^ 
 
 in Cantica B. VirginiSy Zacharia^ 
 
 (^ Simeonis. 
 
 V-..V. 
 
 The End of O R I G E N'i Life. 
 
 THE
 
 2 + 1 
 
 THE L I I' K O F 
 
 S. B A B Y L A S 
 
 BISHOP OK 
 
 A N T I O C H. 
 
 ii. BABILAS ANTIUCULMS. \ 
 
 Made B.lhop of Antioch, nhcn. Antiocli rakcn hrh Af^oJ Urfix 
 iicc<nrrcd ly //r Roman fn^percr. Bab) las /vi J^^^^''^ '» ^'^ ^''-^^ff-
 
 242 
 
 T/je Life tf/' S. B a b y l a s. 
 
 The Decian Perfccut/ofi, and the gromds of it : feverely urged hy the 
 Emperors Edicts. Decius his coming to Antioch. Hii attempt to break 
 into the Chrijhan Congregation. Bab) las his hold refiftance. This applied 
 /» Numcrianus, and the ground of the mijlake. The like reported of Phi- 
 lip the Emperor. Decius his Uoudy act related hy St. Chryfoftom, His 
 rage againjt Babylas, and his examination of him. The ALrtyrs rejolute 
 anjiver. His imprijonment and hard ujage. The different accounts concern- 
 jag his death. Three Tenths his fellow-fufferers, in vain attempted hy 
 the Emperor. Their Martyrdom firfl^ and why. Baby hs he headed. His 
 command that his chains fhould he huried with him. The tranflation of 
 his body under Conftantius. The great fweetnefs and pleafantnejs of the 
 Dapline. ApoUoV Temple there. St. Babylas his hones tranflated thi- 
 ther hy Gall US Ca:far. The Oracle immediately rendered dumh. In vain 
 confulted hy Julian. The confeffion of the Dxmon. Julian'^ command 
 for removing Bzhyh^s his hones. The Martyrs Remains triumphantly car- 
 ried into the City. The credit of this Story fufficiently attefied. The 
 thing owned hy Libanius and Julian. Why fuch honour fuffered to he 
 done to the Martyr. Julian afraid of an immediate vengeance. His Per- 
 fecution againfi the Chriftians at Antioch. Th; Offerings of Theodorus. 
 The Temple of Apollo f red from Heaven. 
 
 O great and general is the filence of Church-An- 
 tiquity in the Ads of this holy Martyr, efpe- 
 cially the former part of his lilc, that I fliould 
 wholly pafs him over, did not his latter times 
 furnifli us with fome few memorable paflages 
 concerning him. His Countrey, Parents, Edu- 
 cation, and way of life, are all unknown, as al- 
 fo whether he was born and bred a Gentile, or 
 a Chriftian. No doubt he was trained up under the advantages of a 
 liberal and ingenious education, living in places that opportunely mi- 
 niftred unto it, and in times when none but men of known parts and 
 eminency both for Learning and Piety were advanced to the Govern- 
 ment of the Church : and when great meafures of Arts and Learning 
 were not only commendable, but neccfTary, both to feed and preferve 
 the Flock of God, to refift and convince gainfayers, and to defend 
 Chrillianity againft the attempts both of fecret and open enemies. For 
 as the Chriftian Church never wanted profefled Adverfaries from with- 
 out, who endeavoured both by Sword and Pen to ftifle and fupprefs its 
 growth, nor pretended Friends from within, who by Schifms and He- 
 refies difturbed its Peace, and tore out its very Bowels ; fo never were 
 thefe more predominant than in thofe times, and parts of the World 
 wherein this good man lived. 
 * Eufib.H.Ec. n. ANN. Chr. CCXXXIX. Gordian Imper. I. died * ZehinmBiihoji of 
 /. 16. c. 2<)-p Antioch, in whofe room Bahylas fucceeded. He was a ftout and pru- 
 ^Hnni' dc dent Pilot, who (as St. C/'/;)y^//owt fays of him) guided the holy Vcflel 
 of that Church in the midft of Storms and Tempefls,and the many waves 
 that beat upon it. Indeed in the beginning of his Prefidcncy over that 
 Church he met not with much trouble from the Roman Powers, the old 
 Enemies of Chriflianity, but a fierce ftorm blew from another quarter. 
 For Sapor King of * Perjta had lately invaded tiie Roman Empire, and 
 26./' 6*69: having over-run all Syria, had bcCeged and taken Antioch,zns\ lb great a 
 
 dread 
 
 Ton. I. 
 
 Gjidi-m. III.
 
 TIjc Life ^/i'. 13 A u Y L A s. 24.3 
 
 dread did his C.onquefls Hrikc inro all pans, that the terror of thtm 
 
 llcw into //.;/», and llartkd ihcni e-\cn at Mcnf it I'cir. He gricvouily 
 
 oppreilcd tlic I'coplc of .■infiocl^ and what treatment the «. hriilians 
 
 there mud needs lind imdtr fo mercilefsand infolent an l.ncmy ( at no 
 
 time lavoiirable to ( hriUians ) is no hard matter to imagine. But it was 
 
 not long belore Goil broke this )'oke from oil their necks. For (jur- 
 
 thuH the Km|H.ror railing a mighty Army, marched into the Eujt^ and 
 
 ha\ ing cleared tlic C ountrics as he went along, came inro Syri.i^ and 
 
 went directly lor .-iHt/uih, where he totally routed the J'tr/un Army, 
 
 recovered W«/m/' and the (xjnquered Cities, and gamed lome conlide- 
 
 rablc places belonging to H.ipor, whom helorced to retire back into liis 
 
 own Ciountrey : of all which he gives an account in a * i etter to tlic • it,ie. 27 
 
 Senate^ \vhojo)lully received tlie- neus, and decreed him a triunijih at «to. 
 
 liis return to Rome. 
 
 III. THK Church ol Jnsioch being thus reUored to its lormer tran- 
 quility, BjI'vLis attended his charge with all diligence and fidelity, in- 
 llruchng, feeding, and governing his llock, preparing U)th)ou()g and 
 old to undergo the hardell things, which their Religion might exjxifc 
 them to, as it he had particularly forefeen that black and dilmal I'erfe- 
 cution that was ihortly to overtake them. Having t-iuieily palled 
 through the Keign of / hihp (^ who was lo far from creating any dilUir- 
 bance to the Chnllians, that he is generally, though groundled), fup|)o- 
 led to have lieeii a C hrirtian himlelf - he tell into the troublelome and 
 llormy times ot L>cciin ^ w jio u as unexpe.l eJly advanced, and in a man- 
 ner forced upon theKmpire. One, whole character might have palled 
 among none of the worlt of Princes, if he had not fo indelebly llained 
 his memory w ith his ouragious violence againll the C hrillians. The 
 main caule whereof the generality of Writers, taking the hint Irom /"«- 
 Jttiiu t make to have been hatreel to his Predecell()r I'htlif^ a Chridian, ^H.Eed ISxi 
 as they account him, and w liom he refolved to punilh in his Spleen and 39 p- 294- 
 Malice againfl them, liut methinks much more probable is the accouut 
 which (jrc^cry Nvlle/i * gives ot this matter, viz. the large fpiead and * De vaCrfj^. 
 triumphant prevalency of the ( hriftian Faith, which had ditiuled it x^^^^jf '^ 
 felf over all parts, and planted every corner, and filled not Cities only, 
 but Country Villages; the Temples were torlaken, and Churches fre- 
 quented. Altars overthrown, and Sacrifices turned out of doors. 1 his 
 vaft increaleof Chriftianity, and great declenfion of I'aganifm,aw akencxl 
 DcciM to look about him : he was vexed to fee the- Heliiiionof the F^m- 
 pirc trodden under foot, and the worlhip of the gotis every where 
 flighted and neglected, opjxifed and undermined by a novel and upllart 
 Seel of Chriftians, which daily multiplied into greater numbers. This 
 made him relolve with all polhble torceto check and cjntroul this grow- 
 ing .Sect, and to try b} methods of cruelty to weary C hriOians out of 
 their Profellion, ami to reduce the People to the Religion of their An- 
 ccftors. Whereupon he illiied out tdids to the Governors of Pro- 
 vinces, flrictly commanding them to proceed with all feverity againll 
 Chrillians, andtofpare no manner of torments, unlefs they returned 
 to the obedience and worlhip of the Cjods. Though I doul t not but this 
 was the main .Spring that fertile rage and malice of their enemie-s on 
 work, yet C\pii.i» f like a man of great piety and modefly,recks a caufe f rpjhWVf. 
 nearer home, ingenuoully contelling, that their own (Ins had let open '*• 
 the Flood-gates lor the divine difpleafure to break in u(x)n them, while 
 
 I i 1 Pndc
 
 S.\. The Life of S. Baby las. 
 
 Pride, and Sslf-ieeking, Schifm and Fa£rion reigned fo much among 
 them, the very Martyrs themfclves, who fliould have been a good 
 example unto others, cafiing off' the order and difcipHne of the Cliurch ; 
 and being Iwelled with fo vain and immoderate a tumor, it was time 
 God Ihould fend them a thorn in the llefli to cure it. 
 
 IV. THE Provincial Governors forward enough to run of them- 
 felves upon fuch an errand, made much more hafle, when they w ere 
 not only encouraged, but threatned into it by the Imperial Edicts; fo 
 that the Perfecution was carried on in all parts with a quick and a high 
 hand, concerning the feverity whereof we Ihall fpeak more elfewhere. 
 At prefent it may fuffice to remarque that it fvvept away many of the 
 - . ■. moil eminent Bilhops of the Church, Fai>/jfi Biiliop of Rome, Alexaft- 
 ■ ffer Bilhop of Hierufalem, and feveral others. Nor was it long before 
 it came to St. Bahylass door. For Deems probably about the middle 
 of his Reign, or fome time before his Thracian Expedition,whereinhe loft 
 his life, came into Syria^ and fo to Antiocb., to take order about his affairs 
 that concerned the Perfian War. I confefs his coming into thefe parts 
 is not mentioned in the Roman Hiftories, and no wonder, the accounts 
 of his life either not having been written by the H/jloria Augufla Scri- 
 ■ ptores, or if they were, having long fince periihed, and few of his Ads are 
 taken notice of in thofe Hiftorians that yet remain. However the thing 
 
 * chryfift. lib. is plainly enough owned by Ecclefiaftical Writers. While * he conti- 
 deSBdiyij:om. j^^Q^ here, either out of curiofity, or a dedgn to take fome more plau- 
 di%(fmPhi- Able advantage to fall upon them, he would needs go into the Chriftian 
 loft.H.EccU.7. Congregation, when the public Aflembly was met together. This Ba- 
 mS^^Elcv- ^v/-" u ould by no means give way to, but {landing in the Church Porch, 
 x^(,Nkeph.H. with an undaunted courage and refolution oppofed him, telling him, that 
 £cc/./.io.c.23. 35j^y(,|^g5 lay in his power, he would never endure that a Wolf ihould 
 ^' ^' break in upon Chrifls Sheepfold. The Emperor urged it no further at 
 
 prefent, either being unwilling to exafperate the rage and ibry of the 
 
 People, or defigning to effeft it fome other way. This paflage there 
 
 are, and N/<:f/'/.w7« among the reft, (with whom accord exaftly the yJ/^-- 
 
 }iiea and Menologies oi the Greek Chmch^ that afcribe not to Z^f a«/, but 
 
 NumeriMHis (whom Sniflds his Tranflator corruptly ftiles Marianus') 
 
 who reigned at leaft thirty years after. A miftake without any pillar 
 
 or ground of truth to fupport it, there being at that time no Babylas Bi- 
 
 fliopof Jntioch., whom all agree to have futfered under the Decim Per- 
 
 Yc^sP fecution. And it is not improbable what Baron'nu t conjedures, but 
 
 wd.s.Mc'taphr the miftake might at firft arife from this, that there was under Dec/us one 
 
 in Martyr. S.I- i^umer/us., One of the Generals of the Array, a violent Perfecutor of the 
 
 Feb.T.'\\^ifi.' Chriftians, whom 'tis not to be doubted the firft miftakers of the report 
 
 confounded with Numerhwiu, and applied to him what belonged to the 
 
 Emperor, under whom he ferved. 
 
 V. E7J S E B I7J S relates a like paflage to this, but attributes it to 
 
 * H. Ecc!.!.6.c. the Emperor Phi/ip., Dechis his Predeceflbr, telling us, that when on the 
 34?'- 232. yjgjis oi^ E.ijier he would have gone with the reft of the Chriftians into 
 
 the Church, to be prefent at their Prayers, the Bilhop of the place 
 would by no means fuffer him, unlefshe would make public confeflion of 
 his fins, and pafs through the Order of the Penitents, for that he had been 
 . guilty of many heinous and enormous crimes, which he readily fubmit- 
 
 ted to. But befides that, this is laid as the main foundation of Phil/p's 
 falfly fuppofed Chriftianity, Eufehhis juftifies it by no better authority 
 
 than
 
 The Life of S. B a b v l a s. 
 
 2^5 
 
 iiranic aim inter ntjxjrr. .inn inncca iiancis ajonc in tnis matter. 
 
 • thougii Tome of the Ancients rctLrrcd ir to Sumcrun^ )i;t none 
 
 ; hcjtncitlcd rhihp to it. St. C/rv/^yA-w in a large * fncom/jji/c [where- •zbifufr p. 
 
 he dclcribes this \L\ of llihsl.n in all the colours wlierein Wit aiid<i'.^ 
 
 than Fame and mccr Rcjxjrt. .And indeed ftands alone in this matter. 
 For 
 but 
 in 1 
 
 Kkxjuencc could rcprefcnt it, i>articularly evjuallmg it with the fpirit 
 and hxcom of Elnn and Jo/'w tlie H.tptilt ) ttlls us, that when tlie V.m- 
 lx.Tor made this attempt he had newly walhed his hands in innocent 
 blcxxl, hiving barbaroully, ami againft the Faith of Iiis mod Solemn 
 t)utli, and the Laws of Nations, put to death the little .Son of a cer- 
 tain King, whom his Father had given in Hoflage to fecure a I'eacc 
 tnade between them. This probably was cither the Son of fomc jKtty 
 Trmcc in thole parts, u ho entered into a league witli him while he was 
 at Antwi:l\ or lonie youi^g Prince of /'ct/m, i>awned as a picilge to cn- 
 furethe Peace Utwexn thole two Crowns, and whom he had no fooncr 
 received, but either to gratifie his cruelty, or elli; pretending fome fraud 
 in the .Articles, he inhumanly butchered. Tlie .Author of the f .tU.wiM- * o./^- 
 druiHChroHicoM^ tells us, and vouches /.{vw////! liilliopof ./w//(t/'fbr thcccuvfi. 4, 
 relation, that Fhilip ( in the Creek is added 'I«.<(k./> probably for J U- 07^"'^'^- 
 Ai<H., the firname of that Fmixror, ami not Jnn/cr^ the younger, as v,Jd,lfy.Z 
 the Tranllatt)r renders it, andellewhere corrects it by FIptff^onfG'., the 
 J'/(/er ) being (iovcrnor of a Province in the Reii^n of Gor///.i>inj^ Cvr- 
 r//j/t had a^mmittcd the care of his voung Son to him, whom after liis 
 Fatliers death he flew, and ufurix.d the Fmpirc : tlut being thus guilty 
 ot murder, though he \\as a ( hnllian, yet St. B.i/\/.i, would not admit 
 Him or his Wife into the Church; for which af?ront offered to fo great 
 perfons, and not meerly becaule he was a Chrillian himfelf, Deciut af- 
 tcrw.-rJs p'jt St. B.il'\l.i'i to death. A flrange medley of true and falfe, 
 asiiuiLxd tis tlie cuflom of that Author to confounii times, things, and 
 per Ions. However mod e\ ident it is from Chryjoflom^ tliat it was the 
 lame F.miKror by whom this } oung Prince was murdered, and St. Ba- 
 /v/a> put to death, which could be no other than Dccius ; who with 
 hands thus reeking in the bl(xxl of the innocent, would have irreverent- 
 ly ruihed into the holy place of the Chrif^ian Sandluary, where none 
 but pure hands were lift up to Heaven. 
 
 V'l. I) EC 17J S^ though for the prcfcnt^hcdiflembled * his anger • p/i/w?. £^ 
 end went away, yet imvardly rcfented the affront, and being returned s***'-^- »i» A/^. 
 to the Palace, lent for ^j/>/.z<, and having IhaqMy ex|>ol"lulated witli 
 liini for the boldnefs and infolencyof the Fa J, commanded him to do 
 Sacrifice to the gods, alTunng him that this was the only c\in.Jicnt to 
 expiate his crime, divert his punilhmenr, and to purclufe him honour 
 and renown. The Martyr anlwered to all his enquiries with a generoui 
 confidence, defpifed his proff'ers,and defied his threats, told him, that as 
 to the offence wherewith he charged him, he was obliged as a Pallor 
 readily to do whatever was conducive to the benefit of his Flock ; and 
 tor his command, Ivj was refolvexl never to .Apoflati/.e from thcfer\icc 
 of tlictrue (jod and Sacrifice to Devils, and thofe who falfly vi' ■ :■ ' tlic 
 name and honour of Deities. The Em|x;ror finding his ns 
 
 firm and inflexible, gave order that chains and tetters Ihould le chpt 
 upon him, with which hcvsasfent to Prifon, where lie endja.! f many 
 levere Inrdlliips and fuffcrings, bur yet rejoyccxl in his l>onds, and was *• 
 
 more tro.ibled at the milery that attended him that lent him thither, '; _^ ^^ly 
 than at the weight of h;s own chains, or the fharpncfs of tliofc torments ' 
 
 that 
 
 V.
 
 [^6 The Life <?/ S. B a b y l a s. 
 
 that were heaped upon him. So naturally does Chnftianity teach us 
 to hkjs them that curje us, to pray for them that dejpjghtjidly uje and per je- 
 cute lu, and to overcome evH with good. 
 
 VII. THERE is fome little difference in the accounts of tlie An- 
 * Lib. 6.C.39. cients, concerning the manner of his Martyrdom. * Eujebius and fome 
 ^■^■Loc'cit p.669 others make him after a iamous contelfion to die in Prifon ; while f Chv- 
 llvtn ( whom I rather incUne to believe in this matter, as more capable 
 to know the Traditions and examine the Records of that Church ] and 
 Suidas affirms, that being bound he was led forth out of Prifon to under- 
 go his Martyrdom, the one plainly intimating, the other pofitively ex- 
 prefling it, that he was beheaded. The fatal fentence being palled, as 
 he was led to Execution, he began his Song of Triumph, Return unto thy 
 reft, ir,)i jdul, for the Lord hath dealt hountijully with me. Together 
 with him' were led along three Youths, Brothers ( whofe names the Ro- 
 wan Martyrology \ tells US, were Vrhanm, Frilidianiis, and Epolonius ) 
 cc. atat. ^,}-jQj^ i^g i^^^j carefully inllrudled in the Faith, and had trained up forfo 
 fevere a Trial. The Emperor not doubting to prevail upon their ten- 
 der years, had taken them from their Tutor, and treated them with all 
 kinds of hardiliip and cruely, as methods moft apt to make impreflion 
 upon weak and timerous minds. But perceiving them immovably de- 
 termined not to Sacrifice, he commanded them alfo to be beheaded. 
 Being arrived at the place of Execution, BahyLs placed the Children firfl, 
 giving them the precedency of Martyrdom, left the fpectacle of his blou- 
 dy fate fliould relax their conftancy, and make them defert their ftation. 
 As the Oilicer was taking off their heads, he cryed aloud, Behold, land 
 the Children which the Lord hath given me ; and after tliat laid down his 
 *chryfofiSuil own neck upon the block, having firft * given order to his friends, to 
 ^TjuprT"' whom he had com.mitted the care of his body, that his Chains and Fet- 
 ters ihould be buried in the fame grave with him, that they might 
 there remain as Enfigns of honour, and the Badges of his fufferings, and 
 as Evidences how much he accounted thofe things which feem moft ig- 
 nominious among men, to be for Chrift's fake moft fplcndid and honou- 
 rable : imitating therein the great St. Paul, who took pleafure in bonds, 
 chains, imprifonments, reproaches, profefting to rejoyce and glory in no- 
 thing fo much as in his fufferings, and in the Crofs of Chrift. According- 
 ly his chains were laid up with him in the Grave, where Chryjofiom aflljres 
 us they remained in his time. 
 
 VIII. WHERE his body was firft buried, we are not told ; but where- 
 ever it was there it refted till the reign of Conftantim, when it had a 
 more magnificent interment, which proved the occafion of one of the 
 moft remarkable occurrences that Church- Antiquity has conveyed to us. 
 t clnyfoJlMd There was a f place in the Suhurhs of A'ntioch called Daphne, a place that 
 ;>. 67i.So^ow. feemcd to be contrived by nature on purpofe as the higheft Schene 
 nfceph^i.Vo.^'^ pleafure and delight. It was a delicate Grove thick fet with 
 C.28. f 61. Cyprefs, and other Trees whicii according to the feafon afforded all 
 manner of Fruits and Flowers. Furnillied it was with infinite variety 
 of lliady Walks, the Trees joyning their buihy heads forbad the approa- 
 cs of the Sun to annoy and fcorch themj watered with plenty of 
 Chryftal Fountains and pleafant Rivulets, the air cool and temperate, 
 and the wind playing within the boughs of the Trees, added a natural 
 harmony and dclightlul murmur. It was the ufual Scene of the Poets 
 amorous and wanton fmcies, and indeed io great a temptation to in- 
 temperance
 
 7 he Life <?/6\ B a b y l a s. 047 
 
 tcmptrancc and rior, that it was accounttJ fcandalous for a goo.! man 
 to Lo (cell ilicrc. liut tluf whicii was the gaatcli glory o\ tin,- place 
 was a I'L.tcl) and mngnilicLiu 'IVmplc, faid tolcticclcd thcrcLyiV/c' - 
 ciu Father to Ww.'/«c7.'//j, whobmit .-tnr/nh, and by Jiini dcd.catcd to 
 ApoUn l^jtihnu-iii^ who alio liad a very collly and ancient Image placed 
 wirhin the Tcinple, where Oracles were given lorth, which gave not 
 the kail adtluion to the renown and honour ot it. Anil inthii condi- 
 tion it remained, till 6\;////j, Jul/Mrs elder lirother Uing lately created 
 Crpr by his Cloufin CinJ/.inriiis^ was fent to refideat .intiKl\ tofecurc 
 thofc Irontier parts of the Empire agiinll tlie incurfions of the f ncmy. 
 He luvmg a fingular veneration for the memories of Chrirtian .Mjrt\ rs 
 reU)lvedto purge this place from its lewd Cufloms and I'agan .S.n>erlli- 
 tions. Which he thougtu lie could not moreerte^itually compalsthan by 
 b'.iildmg a C lunch over agiinll ./^f// 's Temple; which was no fooner 
 finilhcd and beautified, but he cauled St. y^.i^^^; /at his Collin to Lx; tranlh- 
 tcdthitiier. 
 
 IX. THF, Devil it fcems liked him not for fo near a neighlxiur, his 
 Prefencc llriking him dumb, fo that henceforth not one f\ liable of an 
 Oracle w as given our. This fiiena- was at firll * l<Mjked upon as the , c/^^^/ 
 e!]c:t only of n^-gle f, that tlic fullcn /)x/wo« would not anfwtr, be- i74.(/^n^»- 
 caufe lie lud not his ufual tribute of Sacrifices, Incenfe, and other Ritual 'tiM'^atM. 
 honours paid to him; but was found afterwards to arife tromthe neigh- 
 bourhood ot' St. Bjly/ji his allies, which caufed their fecond lemuval 
 upon this occafion. Jit/un having fuccccded Conflantiui in the Empire, 
 came to .^//r/w/' in order to his exix;dition into Fcrfi.j^ and being intole- 
 rably overgrows n with SujxrrlUtion, prefently went up to .■ipo'.a, Tem- 
 ple, to conllilt t the Oracle about the fuccefsof the VVar, and fome other \ ct-r^r,,} jf^ 
 important a'fairs of the Empire, otreringthechoicefl Sacrifices, and ma- ' 
 king ver) rich and coftly Prefenrs. But alafsall in vain, his Pra) ers, and 
 Girts, and Sacrifices availed nothing, the Pa-mpn giving him to under- 
 Hand that the dead kept him from fix.aking, and that till the place was )^ 
 cleared from t!ie Corps th.it lay hard by, he could return no anfwcrs by . is « 191.'" 
 the Oracle. 7"//-"/ *-lLiickly perceived his meaning, and though many ■^<■•^'•"•^^• 
 dead bodies had been buried there, he fulpcled twai BjI\Ijs his Re- Imf'pil^'. 
 mains that were particularly aimed at, and therefore commanded the itc.'jaftxtm. 
 C hrifl.ans to remove tliem thence. Who thereujxinallembled in infi- 
 nite numlx.Ts, Perfons of all .Ages and Sexes, and laying the C'olTin ujxin 
 an ojvn Chariot, brought it into the (!ity with mofl folemn triumph, 
 finging Pfalmsof joy all the way they went; and at the end of every 
 period, adding this tart ftinging rerjicle^ confoHHilcd be all they thjt uw 
 ivip cjr"jefl lin.iTCS. 
 
 X. T H E Reader 'tis like may be apt to fcruplethis ftory, as favou- 
 ringa little of SuperQition, and giving too much honour to theReliqucs 
 of Saints. Tow liich I lliall f.ty no more, than that the credit of it fccms 
 iinquellionalile, it Ix-ing rejxjrted not onl\ by Socrjta^ Soiomcn^ and 
 TheoAoret (who all lived very near that time ) but by C/ry/r/Avw, who 
 was lx)rnat A)i:tocl\ and was a long time Presbyter ot tliarClnirrh, and 
 was Scholar there to L-l.vnus the Sophijkr at t!ut very time w ' ' •' ■• 
 tiling wasdone, and an * cye-witnefs of it, and who not only ; .: ' •'■«' 
 
 the thing, but wrote a diicourfe agiinft the Cetitiles ujKin this vcr> 
 Subjeh wherein he apfxrals f to the know ledge Ixjth of young and old t i.,^t '''•'■'■ 
 thenahve, who had lecn it, and challenges tliein to llanJ up, and con - 
 
 .-.'If. 
 
 71. 
 
 traJ
 
 2a8 The Life /?/ S. B a b y l a s. 
 
 tradi£V, if they could, the truth cf what he related. Nay, w hich fur- 
 * Momd. flip, fij^j. put5 t;he cale pafl all peradventure, '^ Lilanhis the Orator evidently 
 r^'S-'p. conieiles it, when he tells us, that Jj^c/Io D.ipl.muj, though before neg- 
 1^5- ' \eRed and forgotten, yet \\'hen JfJ/^vi came w ith Sacrifices and Oblations 
 to kifs his foot, he appeared again in his Rites cf Worfliip, after that he 
 had I een freed from the unwelcome neighbourhood of a certain dead man, 
 who lay hardby^ to his great trouble and diflurbance. And JuUanlnm- 
 t iviifapog. fclf t tells the Chriflians that he had fent back Tor mx^v -? Adt^vw, their 
 ■p-9^- dead man that had leen huried }n Daphne. Nor is it improbable that 
 
 God fliould fuile-r fuch an extraordinary pafTage to happen, efpecially at 
 this time, to demonflrate the vanity of the Qentile Religion, to corrcdt 
 tlie Infidelity of the Emperor, and to give teflimony to that Religion, 
 which he fcorncd with lo much infolenceand farcafm, and purfued with 
 fo much vigour and oppofition. If any enquire why Julian lliould fo 
 far gratifie the Chriflians, as to bellow the Martyrs bones upon them, 
 and fufler them to convey them with fo much pomp and honour into 
 the City, and not rather fcatter the allies into the air, throw them into 
 *i^;/'.jp.63i. the fire, or drown the Coffin in the River ? * Chnfojhm anfvvcrs, that he 
 ■\ durllnot, he was afraid left the divine vengeance lliould overtake him, 
 'left a thunderbolt from heaven fl^ould llrike him, or an incurable difeafe 
 arrcft him, as fuch kind of miferable fates had overtaken fomc of his 
 predece:Tors in the height of their ailivity againft the Chriflians, and he 
 had lately feen fad inilances of it that came very near him ; his Uncle 
 J«/a7;/ Prvcfell of the Eaft^ a petulant fcorner and apoftate derider of 
 Chriflians, who having broken into the great Church at Antiod\ had 
 treated their Communion Plate with the greateft irreverence and con- 
 tempt, throwing it upon the ground, fpurning, and fitting upon it, and 
 alter all carrying it away into the Emperors Exchequer, was immedi- 
 ately leized witli a loathfome difeafe,which I am not willing to mention, 
 \ which within a few days, in fpight of all the arts of Phyfic, put an 
 end to liis miferable life. And Falix the Treafurer, a man of the fame 
 
 • : fpirit and temper, and engaged with him in the fame dcflgn, coming 
 . 7. ; . -: up to the Palace, on a fudden fell down upon the top of the Ileps and 
 t Lih. 13. f burft afunder. Amrnianus MarceUimis t himfelf contefllng that he died 
 i'fi4'- of a fudden Flux of Flood. Others there were, who about that time 
 
 came to wretclied and untimely ends, but thefe two only are particu- 
 ■^ 'larly noted by Chtyjojhm.. Examples, which 'tis probable had put an 
 
 awe and reftraint upon him. 
 
 ■ Xi. BUT evil wen wax ivorfe and worje. Jul/^ny however awed at 
 prefent, yet his rage quickly found a vent, which all his Philofophy could 
 
 * ioox. 19. f. not ftop. Vexed * to fee the Chriftians pay fo folemn a veneration to 
 i^i. Somii.^ the Martyr, and efpecially ftung with the hymns which the Chriftians 
 
 fung, the very next day he gave order againft the advice of his Privy 
 Council, to Salufl the P/ycfed, to perfecute the Chriftians, many of 
 whom were accordingly apprehended, and caft into Prifon. And among 
 the reft one Theodoras a Youth, was caught up in the ftreets, and put 
 upon the Raclc, his {le{h torn off with iron Pincers, fcourgcd and beaten, 
 and when no tortures could ihakeiiis conftancy, or lb much as move his 
 patience, he was at length dilmined. Ri'Jiniis afterwards met with this 
 . , , ThecdoriL'., and asking him whether in the midft of his torments he felt 
 any pain, he told him, at firfthe wasa little fenfible, but that one in the 
 Ihape of a young manftood by hini, who gently wiped off the fwcac 
 
 from
 
 The Life ^/.S. B a b y l a s. o , ^ 
 
 ^rom his tacc, rdrcflicd him with cold water, and fupportcd liis fpirit 
 with prcftiit confolations, (b that his Hack was rather a plcafurc tlun a 
 tornunt to him. liut to return. 
 
 \ll. H E AV K N Ihcvvtd it lllf mt ucll pleafed with the proceed- 
 ings ot' the Kmperour. 1 or immccliatcl) the Itmple of .-tpr/Zo m the 
 DjphtfC took fire, which in a lew hours burnt the tamed hnaue oi" the 
 grxj, and reduced the Temple, e>.. - ■ only the Walls and Pillars, 
 intoalhes. This the ChrilUan^ a. — to the divine vengeance, the 
 Gentilff imputed it to the malice of the ChrilUans; and though the 
 Priellsand Warders of the Temple were racked to make them lay fo, 
 yet could they not be brought to allirm any more, than that it was fired 
 by a light troin Heaven. This conllagrat ion is mentioned not only by 
 (Jiriflian Writers, but by * Ammunia JMarcelliHUi^ and by t ^hIlih fiim- , 
 fcif, but efpecially by IjIjh/us the Orator, who in an Oration on yur-','/,^' "'' 
 pole matle to the People, elegantly bewails its unhappy iate; whofe </^/«^-o/. 
 Difcourfe .St. Chryfojimn takes to task, and makes witty and cl(K|uent re- 
 marqucs upon it. If the Reader ask what became of HjI>)/js his Remains 
 after all this nnifeand bullle, they were entombed within the City in a 
 (Church dedicated to his name and meinor)-, and in after-Ages are *faid • ..j_ 
 
 to have teen tianllated (by fome Chrillian Princes, probably, during iv. 
 
 their Wars in the holy Land ) to Cremona in /rj/v, where how oft they '" **"' 
 have Ixen honourably re|X)led, and with how mucli pomp and ceremo- 
 nious \eneration they are ftill entertauied, they who are curious after 
 fuch things may enquire. 
 
 The Enc/of S. BABY LAS 's Life. 
 
 Kk THE
 
 -' ; 'irj .,■ 
 
 "K^ 
 
 
 ■^.••■i^
 
 249 
 
 T H 1- LIFE C) F 
 
 S.CYPRIAN 
 
 BISHOP OF 
 
 c A R T H A c; i:. 
 
 f^rL 1,«^ ZrU rt tnif, 
 
 ii.CY PRIAM'S CARTIl.l(,]ME.\s,A 
 
 f/uBirtl.'-pUe. The Noiil/ty of his Fjmtly cs plotted. The ionfeHiidtnt 
 him wiih jMfher Cy prion Bijhcp of Antii)ch. Thcjc fuv zjff/y Jijlintf. 
 St.Qy^ruTitcJticjtion. IJts profefhi^ Fhctcru. I in icnvtrfton toChri-
 
 252 
 
 The Life of 5. C y p k i a n. 
 
 fltanity ly the perfuafions of Carcilius. Their mutu-il endearment. I/is 
 great Charity to the Poor. H/s Baptifm. HhJe Preshyter and Bijhop of 
 Carthage. IJis modeji declining the honour. Tin prcjcription^ recefs, 
 and care of his Church during that retirement. The caje of the Lapfcd. 
 A brief account of the rife of the Novatian Sed. The fercenefs of the Per- 
 fecuticn at Carthage under Decius. The courage and patience of the 
 Chriftians. Q)'^'c\'^ds return. A Synod at Carthage alout the cafe of 
 the Lapfed, and the cafe of Novatian. 7'hc/r determination of theje 
 matters^ Ratified ly a Synod at Rome : and another at Antioch. A 
 Second Synod about the fame affair. Moderation in the Ecclefjajlic Difci- 
 plim ufed in the time of Perfecution. The great Pejlilence at Carthage. 
 The miferaUe flate of that City. Tloe mighty Charity of St. Cyprian and 
 the Chriflians at that time. Thefe evils charged upon the Chrijlians. 
 St. CyprianV vindication of them. The time of Baptizing Infants deter- 
 mined in a Synod. Another Synod to decide the cafe of the Spanilh Bi/hops 
 that had lapfed in the time of Perfecution. The Controverfie concerning 
 the Re-baptizing thofe who had been Baptized by Heretics. This refohed 
 upon in a Synod of LXXXVII. African Bifhops. The immoderate heats 
 between Cyprian, Firmilian, t?;;^ Stephen Bijhop ^/Rome about this mat- 
 ter. Cyprian arraigned before the Proconful. His refolute carriage 
 His banijhment to Curubis. His Martyrdom foretold him by a Fifton. 
 His Letters during his exile. The fever e ufage of the Chriflians. His 
 ivitkdrawment^ and why. His apprehenfon and examination before the 
 Proconful. The Sentence faffed upon him. His Martyrdom^ and place 
 of burial. His Piety., Fidelity., Chajlity^ Humility^ Mcdejly^ Charity ^ &cc. 
 His natural parts. His Learning wherein it mainly confijled. The pclite- 
 nefs and elegancy of his flyle. His quick proficiency in Chrijlian fludies. 
 Ilis frequent converfe with TtnwViizns Writings. His Books. The ex- 
 cellency of thofe afcribed to him. The great honour done to his me- 
 mory. 
 
 HASCIVS Caciliiis Cyprian was born at Car- 
 thage^ in the declining part of the foregoing Sa- 
 culum., though the particular year cannot be af- 
 certained. Who or what his Parents were is 
 unknown. * Cardinal Barcniiis ( not to mention 
 others) makes him defcended of a rich honoura- 
 ble Family, and himfelf to have been one of 
 the chief of the Senatorian Order,- and tliis up- 
 on the Authority of f Nazianzen, who indeed af- 
 s.Cypr.f.zTj. f^^^^ jj. , j^^j. ^j^gj^ certainly forgot that in very few lines before he had 
 
 exploded as a fabulous miftake, the confounding our Cyprian with ano- 
 ther of the fame name, of whom Nazianzen unqueftionably meant ir. 
 For befides our Carthaginian Cyprian, there was another born at Antioch, 
 a perfon of great learning and eminency, who travelled through Greece, 
 Phrygia, Egypt ^ India., Chaldica., and where not ^ famous for the Study 
 and the Arts of Magic^ by which he fought to compafs the afTeclions of 
 Jijlhia, a noble Cliriftian Virgin at Ant/och, by whofe Prayers and en- 
 deavours he was converted, baptized, made firft Sexton, then Dcacm 
 of that Church, was indued with miraculous powers, and afterwards 
 confccratcd Billiop of that Church, ( though I conicfs I find not his nanic 
 jn the Catalogue of the Billiops of that Sec, dra\\ n up by Nicephorus of 
 
 Confian- 
 
 *Ai Ann.2'^0 
 
 n.V.vtd.not.iid 
 
 M.myrol.i{o/n. 
 
 SeftXXVl.p. 
 
 600. 
 
 t OratM laud.
 
 The Lijc of .V. C V 1' R 1 A N. 253 
 
 ConJljHtDHfle) and at lall having liccn mifcrably tormcnred at ,-/»r/«/', 
 waiftnt to IfioclepjH limikll tlitn at Sii.nnet{i.t^ by whole command ti>- 
 gttlicr with Tujlinj^ lent thither -.illo ;it the lame time trom/'jw.-A. ,hc 
 was Uhcailul. The Hillory ot all uliich was largely delcriUdiiulirec 
 Wook'i in N'eric, untteii b) the noble Kmprels r.ittioci.i^ the cwrrprj 
 whereot are llill extant in ' I'hcf/us. This account S/ncoM the fl/erj- *cdCLt%t\f 
 I'lr^tjl^ Siicpiorus and tlic later 6>n/(t wiilioiit any Scruple- .utfibuie to"'' •♦'*• 
 St. C\prt.tn vi C\iril\t^i\ n.iy fomeot them make him tolutler Mart\r- 
 dom under thc/Vi/.;w IVrlecution.Tlioimh in the whole nuliaKe the mo;c 
 lobe pardonexl, in that not only Irudcntnii^ but Sjz/jhzcm had long 
 Utbre manilellly contoundexl thefc two eminent itrfons, who lindmg 
 leveral pailai^eiiol the .■hir/och.tn CsfTun very near akm to the other, 
 carrieel all the rell along with them, a^two jK-rlons very like are olt iml- 
 taiicn the one tor the other. To prove that our C\pri.in was not iuin 
 defcribed b) N.u/.inzc-tf, werea\ainand needlels attempt, the accounts 
 concerning them being lb \ allly ditlerent, both as to tlieir ( ounrrey, K- 
 ducation, manner ol Lile, Kpilcopal charge, the time, place, antl com- 
 panions ol their death, tlm it is plainly imixjilible to reconcile them. 
 Hut ot tills enougli. 
 
 II. iit. d /' A' / .-i S's education was ingenuous +, polillied by Study t p.-..f diamu 
 and the liberal Arts, though principally addickxl himlelt" to the Vtu- '" ^7' "•• 
 dy of Oratory and Kloquena-, wherein he made iucli vafl improve- ^'^^""'■ 
 nients, that publicly and witii gre-at ai^Maufe he taught Khetoric at ' C.ir. •ii.r..h:r,ft. 
 th.iqe. All w Inch time lie hved in gie-ac iximp and plenty, in honour "' '^"V" ■''* 
 an«i power, his garb IplenJid, his retinue llately ; never goin" abroad 
 (as Iilmfelt' tells us +'; but he was tiironged w ith a crowd ot C lients and * a.I d^^m. 
 Followers. The tar greatell jurt ot" his lite he palled among the errors ' t't'-'-r ^• 
 ot the Gc«///c Religion, and was at leart u|x)n the borders ot old .Age 
 when he was refcued trom the Vallalagc ot inveterate Cunoms, the 
 darknefs ot" Idolatry, and the errors and vices of his pall lite, as * himfelf • zinJuTA, 
 intimates in his F.piAle to Ponjrm. He was converted to ( hriftianity 
 by the arguments and innxirtunities oiCiCc///tu + a I'resb} tcr of Cjrfkiaf^ ^ pem.ilJ » 
 a pcrfon whom ever alter he loved as a triend, and revcrenad as a ta- '2 
 ther. And lo mutual an ende-arment w as there lx;tw een tliem, tliat T)- 
 pruM in honour to him allumed the title ot dcaliui; and the other at 
 Insiieath made him his Kxecutor, and committed his Wife and CJuldren 
 to his fole care and tutelige. Iking yet a CatcchnmcH * he give c-arly •u.,Udf.i%. 
 inllances ot a great and generous piety : profelTed a flricV and I'evcre 
 temperance and Ibbriety, accounting it one of the l.efl preparations for 
 the entertainment ot the truth, to lubduc and tread down all irre-gular 
 ap|>etites ami inclmations. His ellate, at le-afl the greateft part of it, he 
 fold, and diflributed among the necellities ot the jxxjr, at once trium- 
 phing over the love ot the World, and exercifing that great dut) of 
 Mere) and Charity, which God values above all the Kitual Devotions 
 in the World. So that by the fjieedy progrefs of his piety ( fa) s /V«;/*i 
 his Kriend and Deacon he became alinotla pertect ( hriflian, Uioreln; 
 luil learnt the rules of C hriflianity. 
 
 III. li KING tully inllruded in the rudiitientsof the Chrillian Faith, 
 he was Baptized •^, when the mighty allilbnceswliich he revcive>i trom t£;«/'i/2i3 
 alxne, [Krledly dil|x:lled all doubts, enliglune\l all eiblcuritie-s, atid en- 
 abled him with eale to do things, which Utore he lix)ked u|x)n as im- 
 jKJihble to be difchargexl. Not l»ng alter, he w as called to the inferi«).it 
 
 Ice 
 
 le-
 
 2JL2 Th Life <?/ S. C V p R I A N. 
 
 Ecclefiaflic Offices, and then advanced to the degree of Presbyter, 
 wherein he fo admirably beliaved himfelf, that he was quickly llim- 
 moned to the higheft Order and Honour in the Church. Domtus his 
 *Efifi. 55. immediate predecefibr in the oce of C.vthagc (as his own words * feem 
 '■ ^^' to imply ) being dead,the general vogue both of Clergy and People ( Fe- 
 
 Ikijfimm the Presbyter and fome very few of his Party only dil,ent- 
 ■} Efifi. 40. ing t ) was for Cyprian to fucceed him. But the great modeily and liu- 
 f- 53- mdity of the man made him f!ie * fi-om the firft anproaclies of the new s, 
 
 *p.DiK.f.i2. j^^ fhought himfelf unfit for fo weighty and honourable an implo) ment, 
 and therefore defired that a more worthy perfon, and fome of his ieniors 
 in the Faith might poHcfs the place. His declining it did but fet fo 
 much the keener an edge upon the defires and expectations of the Peo- 
 ple ; his doors were immediately crowded, and all j^affagcs of efcape 
 blocked up ; he would indeed have fled out at the w indow, but ifind- 
 ing it in vain, he unwillingly yielded, the People in the mean while 
 impatiently waiting, divided between hope and fear, till feeii^g him 
 come forth, they received him with an univerfal joy and fatisiailion. 
 . ^ g^ This Charge he entered upon Anv. GCXLVIII. as himfelf f plainly inti- 
 mates, when in his Letter to Cornelius he tells him he had been four years 
 Bifliop of Carthage : which Epifile was written not long alter the begin- 
 ning of Cornelim his Pontificat, Am. CCLI. It was the third Conful- 
 fnip of Thilip the Emperor ; a memorable time, it being tlie thoufandth 
 year ah Vrhe Condi ta^ when the Z-«rf'/ Sa:c>.dares were celebrated at Rome 
 with all imaginable magnificence and folemnity. Though indeed it 
 was then but the declining part of the Annus MiUefvmus^ which began 
 with the Palilia, about Apnl^ XXT. of the foregoing year, and ended 
 with the Falilia of this : whence in the Antient coins of this Emperour 
 thefe Secular Sports are fomctimes afcribed to his feccnd, fometimes to 
 his third Confullhip, as commencing in the one, and being compleated 
 in the other. 
 
 IV. THE entrance upon his Care and Government M^as calm and 
 
 peaceable, but he had not been long in it before a florm overtook him, 
 
 * Efift.69.f- and upon what occafion I know not, he was publicly * profcribed by the 
 
 j17.Ep.55f- nameof Ca;c\'ias Cyprian Bijhoop of the Chrijiians^and every man comman- 
 
 ^^rcyprZfz ded not to hide or conceal his goods. And not fatisfied with this, they 
 
 frequently called out, that he might be thrown to the Lions. So that 
 
 being warned by a divine admonition and command from God (as he 
 
 t Epift.9.f.2.2. pleads for himfelf t ) and Icfl by his refolute defiance of the public 
 
 *£/). 14./.27. fentencc heiliould provoke his adverfaries * to fail more feverely upon 
 
 the whole Church, he thought good at prefent to withdraw himfelf, 
 
 hoping that malice would cool and die, and the fire go out when the 
 
 fewel that kindled it was taken away. During this recefs, though ab- 
 
 Loc. mat. ^^^^^ -j^ i^^j^,^ ^-gj. ^^.^^ j-g prefent in fpirit, fupplying the want of liis 
 
 prefence by Letters, ;\v hereof he wrote no lefs than XXXVIII) by pious 
 confuls, grave admonitions, frequent reproofs, earnelt exhortations, 
 and efpecially by hearty pray^^rs to Heaven for the welfare and profpe- 
 rity of the Church. That which created him the grcateft trouble, wzs 
 the cafe of the lapfed, whom fome Presbyters without the knowledge 
 and confentof theBiOiop, raflily admitted to the Communion of the 
 Church upon very c^fie terms. Cyprian, a fliff aflerter of Ecclefiaffic 
 Difciple, and the rights of his place, would not brook this, but by fe- 
 veral Letters no.t. only complained pf it, but endeavoured to reform it, 
 
 not
 
 The Life of S. C ^ i^ K 1 A N. 25$ 
 
 not fparing the Martyrs tlicmfdvcs , wlio prcCuming upon their vrc^t 
 merits ill tlic caiil'e ot Religu)n, t(K)k ujxm iliemto give /.//oV <y icuc 
 to the bpletl, whereby thev were again taken into C ommunion, foon- 
 er than tlie i{iiIesot the C hiirchiln.! allow. 
 
 V. THIS remiintl'.ot Dilcipliiie, aiiJ earie aJmill'on of Penitents, 
 gave occafion to AWj/w, one ol the Presl))tcrs oi Cirr/.t^e 10 Hart 
 aiKle, and draw a Kadion alter him, dtn)ing any place to the lapled 
 though jK-nitenr, in tlie jXTJce and communion ot' the ( hurch ; not that 
 the) al)lolutely excluded them the mere) and pardon ot (jckI ( lor they 
 lett them to the kntencc ol the divine TnhHM.il) but nuintamed tlut 
 the ( hurch had no iH)wer to abfolve them that once bpled alter r,ai>- 
 tilm, and to receive them again into ( ommunion. Having fullcicntly 
 imbroilcxl the( hurch at home ( u here he uaswi danger to U- l-.xconi- 
 inunicaled hy ( ypr/ju tor his fcamlalous, irregular, ani.1 un|)eaceal le pra- 
 ilices ) o\ er he gcx.-s u itii lome ot" his Party to A", /we, where by a pretence 
 of uncommon lan.tity and leverity, kfides fome ( ontellors laicK tle- 
 Iivered out of Prifon, he lexluced AVi.;//./;fwi (^whob) thef/m-i lathers 
 is alinoll ptr|x.tually confoumled with NwjUu ) a Presbyter ol the AV* 
 nijx (hurch, a man ot an inlolent and ambitious tem|Kr, arul wlio had 
 attempted to thrull lumfelt into that (hair. Him the Party procures 
 by clancular .Arts and uncanonical me-ans tobeconfecrated liilh )p, and 
 then fet lum up againfl CurHclius^ lately ordained iJilhop of that See, 
 whom they |)eculiarly clurgexl * uiih holding a communi )n with Ire ,,., r 
 fl-/ntus and fome others ot the ll'urifti..iti^ who had done Sacrifice in the */ liK/oJu^. 
 late Perfecution. Which though plaufibly pretended, was yet a lalfe alle- f*^- 
 gation; IrppI tmu\ and his Party not Uing taken in.till by great humility + \t*d.f.i9. 
 anda public |x.na nee the) had given fatista.tion to the (hurch, nor he 
 tlien fullered to communicate any otherwile than in a I a) -capacity. 
 Being difap}K)inted in their defigns, tjiey now o|x;nlv ihew iheinlelvts 
 in their own colours, teparate trom the ( hurch, uhich the) charge 
 uitii kwfnefs and licentioulhefs in admitting fcandalous olfenders,nnd by 
 way of diftichon, Oiling tlwrnfehes Cirhj//, the pure undefiled Part), 
 thofe who kept themfelves trom all fociety with the lapfed, or thein that 
 communicated withtliem. HereuiM)n they uere on all hamls op|>ofed by 
 private perfons, and ct)in.lemiied by public S) ikkIs, and cried down by the 
 common Vote of the Church, probably not fo much u|xin the account 
 of their ditferent feiuiments and opinions in |X)int of |>arilonof fm, and 
 Fcclefiaflical jKnance (\\ herein the) flixxl not at fo wide a dillance 
 froin the do<^rineand practice of the early Ages ot the (hurch as t()r 
 their infolent and domineering teirnKr, their proud and furly carriage, 
 tl)eir rigorous and imiKrious imjxifing their way ujxm other ChurclK^, 
 their taking u\x)i\ them by the; own private authority u judge, cen- 
 furc and condemn ihofe that joyned not with t!iem» or op|x>lld them, 
 their bold devefting the Governors of the (hurch of that great |x>\ver 
 lodged in thein, ot remitting crimes uix^n rcjientaoce, which Item to 
 liave been tlie very foul and Ipirit ol the Si'ijfi.:>i "^ect. 
 
 VI. IN the mean while the Perfecution under lh\nii rag^d with 
 an uncontrolled fury over the AfricjM Provinces, ande!jxciall\ at Car- 
 thj^Cy concerning w hicit r>/>r/.j« every where * gives large and l.id ac- , c. . 
 counts, whercot this the fum. They w ere fcourgtti, and katen, and / . ; -" 
 racked, and roaflcd and their llelh pulled of] with burn ng pinceT<;, ' 
 beheaded with fwords. and run tiuough witii fpears, more inllruitients " .^' " "
 
 25^ T^h^ Life of 5. C V p R I A n. 
 
 of torment being many times imployed about the man at once, than there 
 were hmbs and members of his tody .- they wcrefpoiled and plundred, 
 chained and imprifoned, thrown to wild Beafis, and burnt at the flake. 
 And when they had run over all their old methods of execution, they 
 fludied for more, excogitat novas pocnas ingeniofa cruflelitas^ as he com- 
 plains. Nor did they only vary, but repeat the torments, and where 
 one ended another began ; they tortured them without hopes of dying, 
 and added this cruelty to all the refl, to ftop them in their Journey to 
 heaven -, many who were importunately defirous of death, were fo tor- 
 tured, that they might not die, they were purpofely kept upon the 
 Rack, that they might die by piece-meals, that their pains might be lin- 
 gring, and their fenfe of them without intermillion, they gave them no 
 mtervals, or times ofrefpight, unlefs any of them chanced to give them 
 the iiipand expire in the midft of torments. All which did but render 
 their Faithand Patience more illuftrious, and make them more earneflly 
 long for Heaven. They tired out their tormentors, and overcame the 
 fliarpefl engines of execution, and fmiled at the bu fie Officers that were 
 raking in their wounds, and when their flelh was wearied, their faith 
 was unconquerble. The multitude beheld with admiration thefe hea- 
 venly contlicf s, and flood afloniihcd to hear the fervants of Chrifl in the 
 midll of all this with an unlhaken mind making a free and bold confellion 
 of him,deftitutc of any external fuccour,but armed with a divine power, 
 and defending themfelves with the Shield oj. Faith. 
 
 Vn. TWO full years St. Cyprian had remained in his retirement,when 
 the Perfecution being fomewhat abated by the death of Decius^ he return- 
 ed to Carthage^ Ami. CCLI. where he fet himlelf to reform diforders, and 
 to compofe tiie differences that dillurbed his Church. For which purpofe 
 he conven'd a Synod of his neighbour-Billiops,to confult aboutthe caufc 
 * Ad Cornel, or the lapjed. Who were no Iboner met, * but there arrived meflengers with 
 2i/;j?.4r.;.55. Letters from AWj;^/^;;, f.gnifying his Ordination to the See of Rome, 
 and bringing an accufation and charge againft Cornelius. But the men 
 no fooner appeared, but were difowned, and rcje£led from Communion 
 efpecially after that Fompeim and Stephanus were arrived from Rome, 
 and had brougiit a true account and relation of the cafe. The Synod 
 therefore adviled and charged them to defifl from their turbulent arid 
 ' fchifmatical proceedings, not to rend the Church by propogating a per- 
 nicious Fa:lion, that it was their beft way and the lafefl counlel they 
 could take to ihevv themfelves true Chriftians, by returning back to the 
 t Ail Anun. ^ ^'^'^ce of the Church, ks for the lapfed^ having difculTed their cafe f ac- 
 Efift. 32.^.67. cording to the Rules of the holy Scripture,they concluded upon this wife 
 .and moderate expedient, that neither all hopes of Peace and Communion 
 ■ (liould be denied them, left looking upon themfelves as in a defperate 
 cafe, they ihould ftart back into a total Apoflacy from the Faith, nor yet 
 the cenfures of the Church be fo far relaxed, as raihly to admit them to 
 C(^mmunion: but that the caufes being examined, and regard being had 
 to the will of the Delinquents, and the aggravations of particular cafes, 
 their time of penance fliould be accordingly prolonged, and the divine 
 clemency be obtained by a£f s of a great forrow and repentance. Their 
 meaning is, that the lapfed being of feveral forts, fliould be treat- 
 ed according to the nature of their crimes; the Lihellatici, who 
 had onl}' juirehafed Libels of fecurky and difmifTion from the Heathen 
 Magiflrate to*excufc them from doing' Satrifiec in time of perfecution, 
 
 fliould
 
 7h Life /t/ .S. C Y p R I A N'. 257 
 
 lliouki have a lliortcr time ot |)enance ailigncJ tliem, the 
 who hail a:tiiallv facrificed to Klols, Ihould not Ix: taken in till the) had 
 expiated their oMeitcc Ia a \er\ I J xs the) : ::cs 
 
 cj\\\t ) Jjn^j.iciicH. liiis S' ■' —'' il >.^>^. !i * was prtii Hi . . - • 
 
 to Home, and ratititd by ( ' and a^ i ot fixty liilliop, . 
 
 above as inany l'reib)ters and Deacons, concluding ( and the IXcrec 
 examined, allented to, and 1 ' ' ' I by tlie BilliDps in t' ;al 
 
 Provinces ^ that Swjrus -.xnd i itnt I'arty, and all that u.,., ,. ! to 
 
 liis inliuinane and incrcilefs opinion, Ihould be excluded the Conunii- 
 nionof the C hurch ; but that the Brttliren \v ho had tallen into that ca- 
 lamity, lliould begcntly dealt with, and reHortd ly mtthodsol rejKn- 
 tana-. About the lame time there was a Synod ah'o held at .-/«.'/«/• bv 
 the Itj/lcrM Bithops about tiic fame atlair. For fo PioHylitu + Hilhop oj'f w;^/.. >* //. 
 AlexjHtiri.t in his Letter to Cornel im of Ko»w<', tells him, that he had been ^' ' '^ '-♦*• 
 fummoned by UcUnus liilhop of 7.jr/«/j, iimuli.iH o\ c. '■ ' ..•, and'**^'' 
 'Jhfodijiiu of Citjjrea in rMi-JliH, to mtrt inC ouncil at . . , to fu|»- 
 
 prefs the endeavours of fome, who fought there to eftabliih tlic AV:u- 
 tuH Schifm. 
 
 VIII. THE next Year ;V.;v \V. .-/««.( CI 11 began anotlicr * Coun- • j, 
 
 cil at Cartl.'j^e about this matter, and wherein tlit) lltxred the lame 
 courlc the)' had done betbrc, being rather Iwaycd to moiicrate coun- ] 
 fels herein, Ixrcaufe frevjucntly admonilhed by divine revelations ot' an 
 approching Perfecution, ant( theretorc did not think it prudent and 
 realonable, that men Ihoiild b<f lett naked and unarmed in the day of 
 battel, but that they might Ix: able todetend themfelves with tlie lliield 
 of ( hrifls body and bloud. For how Ihould they ever hoj>e to jx-r- 
 fuadc them t(nhed their oun bloud inrhccauleot ( hrifl, it tliey denied 
 them the benefit of his bloud i how could it be expc>f>ed they Ihould 
 be ready to drink of the cup of Martyrdom, whom the Churcli de- 
 barred the priviledgcto drink of the cup of C hrifl / While [leacc- and 
 tranquillity fmiled u|x)n the Church, tliey protracted the time of \k- 
 nance, and allowed not the5jc/-//Jfjr/to be aadmitted, but at the hour 
 of death. But that now the enemy was breaking in ujv^n them, and Chri- 
 flians weretobcpre|>ared and hc-artned on tor luflering, and encourage- 
 ment to be given to thofe wlio by the fincerity of their re|x.ntance had 
 llKwed themlelves ready to refifl unio bloud, and to contend earneflly 
 tor the Faith. This they did not to • e the La/y, butt\ 
 
 Diligent, the Churches Peace being ^^ :.-; nut in order to l... 
 
 fottnel's, but to conflid and contention. .And if any improved the in- 
 dulgence to worfer purpofcs, they did but cheat themfelves, and fuch 
 they remitted to tlie divine Jnlun.:!. .At this Synod appearcxl rr. 
 + /V>tj;«t, who having fomv year, fince been condemned tor Heri , -. . , . j^ 
 and other crimes by a Council of XC, Bilhopj, defiaxl that hiscaufe ' "*"' 
 might be heard over again, but was rejectctl by the Synod, wheaupon 
 gathering a Partvof the lapl'cd, or tlie Schilmatics, he ordained at Cn- 
 //.j^ronc iortunjiius Billinp, giving out that no lefs then five and t\*en- 
 ty BiJhops were prefent at the confccration. But tiK notorious falf- 
 hood and vanity of their pretences l)emg difcovercd , they left the 
 place and fled over to Hoirr. 
 
 W. .A B () U T this time hapjxncd that miferable Pl.iguc, tlut To 
 much attlided the Fomjn World , wherein Cirri. t^r hid a very deep 
 Iharc. ' \'3fl multitudes were fwcpt awt!vever>d3v,ffcclaial Mel''
 
 258 The Life ofS. Cyprian. 
 
 fenger knocking as he went along at every door. The flreets were fil- 
 led with the carcailcs of the dead, which feemed to implore the aiii- 
 ftance of the living, and to challenge it as a right by the Laws of Na- 
 ture and Humanity, as that which ihortly themlelves might Hand in 
 need of. But alas all in vain, every one trembled, and f.ed, and Ihifted 
 for himfelf, deferted their dearcft friends and neareft relations ; none 
 conlidered what might be his own cafe, nor how reafonable it was that 
 he ihould do for another, what he would another Ihould do ior him, 
 and if any I'.aid behind, it was only to make a prey. In this calamitous 
 and tragic Scene, S. Cyprian calls the Chriftians together,inIlrucfs them in 
 the duties of Mercy and Charity, and trom the Precepts and Examples 
 of the holy Scripture Ihews them what a mighty influence they have 
 to oblige God to us ; that it was no wonder it their Chanty extended 
 only to their own Party, the way to be perfeft, and to be Chriftians 
 indeed, waste do fomething more then Heathens and Puhlicans^ to over- 
 come evil nitb good ^ and in imitation of the divine benignity to love our 
 Enemies^ and according to our Lord's advice, to pray tor the happinefs 
 of them that perfecute us ; that God conftantly makes his Sun to rife, 
 and his rain to fall upon the Seeds and Plants, not only for the advan- 
 tage of his own children, but of all other men; that therefore they 
 fliould z\\: as became the nobility of their new birth, and imitate the 
 example of fuch a Father, who profefled themfelves to be his children. 
 J Perfuaded by this and much more that he difcourfed to the fame etle^V, 
 enough to convince the very Gentiles tliemfelves, they prefently divi- 
 ded their help according to each ones rank and quality. Tiiofe u ho by 
 reafon of poverty could contribute nothing to the charge, did what was 
 infinitely more, perfonally laboured in the common calamity, an alli- 
 ftance infinitely beyond all other Contributions. Indeed every one was 
 ambitious to engage under the conduft of luch a Commander, and in a 
 fervice wherein they might fo eminently approve themfelves to God the 
 Father, and Chrifl: the Judge of all, and in the mean time to fb pious 
 and good a Biihop. And by this large and abundant charity great ad- 
 vantage redounded not to themfelves only, who were (fthe houjhold of 
 /vji//', butuniverfally toall. And that he might not be wanting to any, 
 he penned at tliis time his excellent Difcourfe concerning Murtaltty , 
 wherein he fo eloquently teaches a Chriflian to triumph over the fears 
 of death, and fhews how little reafon there is exceflively to mourn tor 
 thofe friends and relations, that are taken from us. 
 
 X. THIS horible peflilence, together with the Wars v^hich of late liad, 
 and even then did, over-run the Empire,the Cent ties generally charged up- 
 on the Chriftian Religion, as that for w hich the gods were implacabl)' an- 
 ' - . gry with the World. To vindicate it from this common objection, CMpnan 
 addrefies himfelf in a Difcourfe to Dcmetrian the rroconjul, wherein he 
 proves that thefe evils that came upon the World, could not be laid at 
 ^ . , ■•, ■ ■ ■ ni a- ■ the door of Chriftianity, anigmng other reafons 
 
 Exorttttr ulttovmannominK Chrtftiam, _, , in.i-ij ji 
 
 i3 ufquequo adprofligandai Ecckfm edtRa of them and among the relt their wdd and bru- 
 Deciicuciirreruni,eatenmincredihiUummor- fifh rage againft the Chriftians, w'h ch had provo- 
 S:i£/I^:Sr«;£^X:;^ ^^^^ the deity to bring thele cahmities upon 
 vmi liia. generaH pejhientia corrcpta atquc them, as a juft punilhmentot their toUy and mad- 
 vafiatafii. v.OrojmHiJl.ndv.?agan.i.T.c. ^^^^ in perfecuting a Religion , fo innocent and 
 zi.jo.^io.f.2. dear to Heaven. The Perlecurion being over, 
 
 ~ a controverfie arofe concerning the tims of baptizing Infants , darted 
 
 efpc'
 
 l/jC Life /y/ 5. C Y P R I A N. o^^ 
 
 c'jifcially l>) / ufm * an .Ifikiii Biihop, \v!m aflirtcJ tliat Haptifm was " ' 
 
 not to be aiiininiftrcd on the thinl or fourth, but as Circumcifion under ,. ' ''' 
 
 the Invilh llatc to be iklerreci till the eighth d.iy. S.C\f>iu» in a Sy- '"'*■'■*' 
 nodot fixty fix Biiliops determuK-d thb* cj lellion, that it was not necef- 
 far) to be deterreil I'o long, nor the grace •,ind mercy of (iod to be de- 
 nied to any as loon as born into the World; that it was their univerfal 
 Icntence and relolution, that none ought to Ix.- prohibited Iraptilin and 
 the grace of (iod ; which as it wxs to beoblerved and retained tow arils 
 all, lo much more towards Infants and new Ixirn childnii. \ot long af- 
 ter wiiich, another Council was held by ^ r*/-//.;*/, unportuned iheieun- j /.;, , ^g , 
 to by the Uiihopsof Spain ) to conlult concerning the call- ol liahliths Bi- 1 1 i'cijcj. 
 ihopof .y//«r/i./, and MartiJ o'{ f' merit. i ini'y)j/«, whohad lapfed into the 
 moll horrible itiolatry in the late Ptrfecution, and yet llill retained 
 their places in the ( hurch.Thc Synod refolvedjthat they'were lallcn Irom 
 their Fpifcoival Order, and the very lowcfl degree ol the Miniflr\, and 
 that upon their repentance they were to Ix; reOored to no more then 
 tlie capacity of/..;/iv in the communion of the ( hurch. 
 
 XI. I N this Synod, or another called not long after, the famous con- 
 tcA about reb-apti/ing thofe who had been baptized b\ Heretics, recei- 
 ved its firft approbation. It had lx;en fomerime fince by occafion of 
 the MoHt.imjts and Soi.iti.i»s canvalfed in the !\ijui» pans, thence it 
 flew over to Numitfi.i^ by tiie liiihops w hereof it had been brought Ik-- 
 fore CypruMy and the Council at Cdrtl.\igt\ who determined that the 
 thing was ncccllary to be oblerved, and that this was no no\el fentence, 
 but had been fo decreed by his Predecellbrs , and tiie thing conllantly 
 prav^ifed and oblerved among them, as he allures them in thcSynodi- 
 cal * Kpiflle al out this matter. Among others to whom they fent ' ^'■ft-^9f- 
 their l")ecrecs, the Synod t cipecially urote to Stephen Biihop ot Rnnu- \ ^■pfl,^2.f. 
 (who had fo far elpoufed the contrary opinion, as to excomunicate ''"• 
 the .Synod at Iconium for making the like determination) him they ac- 
 quaint with the fentence tluy had palled, and thereafonsof it, which 
 they hoped he alio would allent to, however did not magiflcnally im- 
 [x)(e it upon him, every Biihop ha\ ing a proper authority uithm the 
 jurildiction of his own Church, whereof lie is to render an account to 
 God. Pope 5/f/>/rw \ with wliom flood a great part of the ChurclO 
 liked not tiicir proceedings ; whereupon a more general ( ouncil was 
 lummoned, where no leis then I WWII. Bilhops from all parts ol' the 
 African Churches met together, who unanimoully ratified the former 
 fentence, whofe names and particular votes arc extant in the + .ids of ""' ',^ 
 that Council. But numUrs made the cau'.'e never the better relented • -36. 
 
 at Rome^ and indeed the controvcrfic arofctotiiat height between thefe *^''*^'Jf- 
 two gootl men, that Stephen gave Cyprian very rude and unchriftian lan- 
 guage ", filling him /;///.• c/r///, f.ilje Apolih\ flcceifful worker, and fuch *Ji^''^^ 
 iike : while on thv otlitr hand C\pria,i treated him with more then ordi- 
 nary Iharpnefs and feverity, charging + him w ith pride and imjx;rtinencc, '• 
 and felt-contradi -Vion, w ith ig-iorancc and indifcretion, with childilh- 
 nefs and obllinacy, and other exprellions, far enough from that reve- 
 rence and regard, which S. Stephen's fuca'lTors claim at this day. .And 
 no l)etter ul'age did he find from [irmilian Biihop of Cirjarea in CappaAt- 
 i/a, as may Ix; feen in his Letter to rv/>r/.iw *, charging .*>' ' ith fa- • < < ; • 
 
 crificing the Chvirches Peace to a jx-tulant liumour, wlier. iianity, '■*> 
 
 audacioufnefs. infolcncc, wickedncfs, are fomc of thechara:lersbeftowed 
 
 111 upon
 
 2^0 The Life cf S. C y p r i a n. 
 
 upon him. A great inflance how far paffion and prejudice may tranf- 
 port wife and good men beyond the merits oi'' the caufe, and what the 
 Laws of Kindnefs and Clwrit)' do allow. I note no more concerning 
 
 * M Quint, this^ than that Cyprian and his Party * exprefl}' difow ned Anuhptijrrr^ 
 E;#7i-?-»i9-Qj. i-'ebaptization, they freely confefled that there was but one Baptifm, 
 
 and that thofe who came over from Heretical Churches , where they 
 had had their baptifm, were not rebaptized,but baptized, theh-fojmer 
 baptifm being /^/^yj<r?o null and invalid, and they did then receive, \shat 
 (lawfully) they had not before. 
 
 XII. I T was now the Year- CCLVII. when Jfpafius ]\ucnnis tlie 
 + ^a. Pajp. Procovful of Afric fent f for Cyprian to appear before him, telling him, 
 s.cyfr;<in».4;. that he had lately received orders from the Emperours {^Valenm and 
 0?r.p.i6,i7, Q^ii^g^^^^^ ^ commanding that all that were of a Foreign Religion fliould 
 
 woriliip the gods according to the /?ow<r» Rites, definngto know what 
 was his refoluxion ? Cyprian anfwered, / am a Chrijliau arJ a Bifi:cpy I 
 acknowledge no other gods, hut one onely true God^ whorr-ade J^earve^n ai.d 
 Earth, and all that therein is. This is he n-hom ive Chrijliansferve, to uh.rif 
 ive pray day and night, for our Jelves and for all me;;, and pr the happinefs 
 and profperity of the Emperours. And is this then thy refolution ? faid 
 the Proconjul. That refolution, replied the Mart) r, uhich is founded in 
 God, cannot be altered. Then he told him, that he w as to fearch out 
 the Presbyters as well as Bijhops, requiring him to difcover them. To 
 which Cyprian gave no other anfwer , then that according to their 
 own Laws, they were not bound to be Informers. The Pnconftd then 
 acquainted him, that he was commanded to prohibit all private Ailem- 
 blies, and to proceed with capital feverity againft them that frequen- 
 ted them. Whereat the good man told him, that his befi way w as to 
 do as he was commanded. The Proconfid finding 'twas in vain to treat 
 4--:'l with him, commanded him to bebaniflied, and accordingly he Mas 
 tranfported to Cumbius, a httle City flanding in a Peninjula within the 
 
 * p. niacin Lyhian Sea, not far from Pentapolis-x * place pleafant and delightful 
 iw.Cr/T.^.i/^gj^Qjjgj^^ and where he met with a kind and a courteous ufage, was fre- 
 quently vifited by the brethren, and furniilied with all conveniences nc- 
 ceflary for him. 
 
 XIII. BUT the greatefl entertainment in tliis retirement, were thofc 
 divine and heavenly Vifions with which God was pleafed to honour 
 him, by one whereof the very firft day of his comcing thither lie was par-; 
 
 Loc.citat. ticularly forewarned of his approching Martyrdom , whereof 7 W//«x 
 the Deacon, who accompanied him in his banilliment, gives us this ac- 
 count from the Martyrs own mouth. There appeared to him as he 
 was going to reft, a young man of a prodigious flature, who feemed to 
 lead him to the Pratorium and to prefent him tothe/^/oc-(/^///.'/then fit- 
 ting upon the Bench : who looking upon him, began to write fomething 
 
 .. , . .'. in a Book, which the young man who looked over his ihoulcer, read, but 
 not daring to fpeak, intimated by figns what it was : for extending one of 
 his hands at length, he made a crofs flroke over it with the other, by 
 which Cyprian prefently guelled the manner of his death. Whereupon 
 he importunately begged of the Proconfid but one da} s refpit to difpofe 
 his aflairs, and partly by the pleafingnefs of the Judges countenance, part- 
 ly by the figns which the young man made of what the Prcconful was 
 ■ ^ noteing in his Book, he immediately gatlicred that his requefi; was gran- 
 
 ted. And juft fo it accordingly came to pals, both as to the time and. 
 
 man-
 
 Ibc Life <?/ il. C Y i* A 1 A N. 261 
 
 imnntroriiis Mart) rdom, that vcr)-d3ytuclvc-moiitli, ulicrccn lit had 
 tijis vifioii, proving the itriod otliis lite. 
 
 XIV. H vV a ( ivc an! dilii;ciu lie was to improve his vy 
 to the Lell aiivatit;!j;e, apix.-ars Irum the levtral ( ctters he \\\ 
 
 his coiiiineintnt, eijieciaJly to the Martyrs in prilon, whole Jpirit Iiere- 
 Irelhed by pr<>|Kr confolatiuns, ant] preikd thtm to jKrllvere unto the 
 ( rown. Wiule lit was here Jie had iieui brought ' him of the tiailv • 
 increale ol the lYrlecution, the fmjKTor / 'Jfrian having fent a Hi h nit ' ''"> 
 
 to the .'sVatj/*', that Bilhops, Presb) tcTs,anil IX-acons lliould le put to death 
 witlujut delay ; that .Senators, and jK-rlons of rank and quality Humid lofe 
 their honours and prtlernitnts, lorleit their cflaiei, and it ltilltl;c\ con- 
 tinued <hrillians, lolc their heads ; and that Matrons having had their 
 goods con ilcated, lliould be lanillitd .- i\niJ\.'\Jius and Ouartm had al- 
 ready lullercd in the CV/wf/^r», where their folemnalltmblics were held; 
 and due the (iovernours ol the (jty carried on the Perfecution uith 
 might and main, fixiiling and putting to death all that they could meet 
 witli. This lad aiid uncomibrtable ikus + gave the good man jufl rca- 1 P nidc.uh. 
 Ion to exiH.t> and |>rovide for his own fate, which he waited and wi--/*^'*'' 
 ilitxl lor every da\'. Indeed I'ome jKrfons of the Iiiglieft rank and iiua- 
 hty lus ancient friends came to liim, and jxTfuaded him (or the prclcnt 
 to w ithdraw , otiering to provide a lecure place f"r>r his retreat. But 
 the del'ire of that ( rown whicii he had in his eye, had let him above 
 the World, and made him deatto their kind oilers and intreaties. True 
 it is that when news was brought diat the Ofliccrs were coming for 
 him, tocarry him to T'ihjxo fuifer there, by the advice of his friends 
 lie llept atide, being unwilling to lutkr any v\ here but at C\irrl::^e^ in 
 the eye of the jxople, ^here he had lb long, and fo fucccfsfully prea- 
 ched tlic < hrillian Kakh, the truth whereot he was defirous to fcal 
 With his blond ; it being very fit and congruous, tliata Bilhop Ihould 
 liiiier for our Lord in that place w iiere he had governed his Church, 
 and by that eminent conlelhon editie and encourage tlK- Flock commit- 
 ted to him, as he teUs * the People of his charge m the lafl I etter that • r-iy?.st/l 
 ever he v^rote. As lor theinlekes, head\ifed tliem to peace and unity, '''• 
 not to create trouble to <ine anotlicr, not to otlcr tlie-mlelves to the den' 
 tiUi^ but if any w as aj>|>rchended, to Hand to it, and frcxly confels, as 
 Ci<xl fhould enable him to dcxlare himfell. 
 
 XV. <i .iL FRIT'S yl/jAvnr^j the new /V<vp>»/«/ k-ing aturncdro 
 Carthj^: f, Cypruxn (whorelolved but till then to cona-al himfcJf^ came ^^T^'Z-'i 
 home, and took up liis rcfidcncc in his own Gardens. Where Officers ;.i<,rs.i 9,14! 
 wei )'1\ fent to ' !id luin, u ho putting him into a Chariot, 
 
 can. 1 to theplac- c ilic I ruor.Jul \sxs retired for hishcahh, 
 
 w JK) commanded liim to Ix kept till tlic next day, w hich was done in the 
 houfc ot one of the OfTictrs tlut kcared him, the People alarm 'd with 
 tlie news of his return and aiYrehenfion , fin.' • - m the d(X)rs, and 
 watdung there all n'ght. The next morning i : ptemb. WW . .-inti. 
 
 Clr. CX..LVIIL he was led to tlie Froconjufs Palace, whonot being yet 
 I- Mnc forth, he was carrieiJ afideinto a by -place", where he rcfted him- 
 lelf upon a feat, w hich by chance was covered with a linnen cloth, that 
 fo laNsmy Author even in the hour of his Pallionhe might eni>y fomc 
 p.irt ot tpiicopal honour. The length and hurr) of his «alk, had pur 
 the infimi J man into a \ iolent fweat, u hicn ' ' ' \y 
 
 a ^!llitar\ . .., ..i^er, who hadformcrly been a Chi...... ., ... .......to 
 
 him
 
 262 J'he Life of S.Cy fri a 
 
 N. 
 
 him and Oilered to accommodate him with dry linnen in flead of that 
 wet and moid that was about him : this he did in a pretended civihty, 
 but really with del'ign to have fccured fome monument ot the Martyrs 
 laft agony and labour, who returned no other anfwer, than, iVe Jeek to 
 cure cvmf Lints and Jorroivs, ivl.uch perl.uips to djy Jhall be no more for ever. 
 By this time the Proconjul was come out, who looking upon him, faid. 
 Art thoH Thafcius Cyprian, ivho hajt been Bifhcp ar.d lather to men of an 
 impious mind t The Jacred Empcrours command thee to do [acrifice. Be ivell 
 advifed^ and do not throw away thy life. The holy Martyr replied, I am 
 Cyprian, / am a Chrijban, and I cannot facrifce to the gods ; do as thou 
 art commanded ; as for me, info jafi a caufe there needs no conjttltation. The 
 Proconjul was angry at his reiblute conftancy, and told him that he had 
 been a long time of this facrilegious humour, had feduced abundance 
 into the fame wicked confpiracy with himfelf, and iliewn himfelf an 
 enemy to the gods and religion of the Roman Empire, one whom the 
 pious and religious Emperours could never reduce to the obfervance of 
 their holy Rites .• that therefore being found to be the Author and Ring- 
 leader of fo hainous a crime, he fliould be made an example to thofe 
 whom he had feduced into fo great a wickednefs, and that difcipline and 
 feverity iliould be eftabli!hed m his blood. Whereupon he read his 
 fentence out of a Table-book, / will that Thafcius Cyprian be beheaded^ 
 To which the Martyr only anfwered, / heartily thank Almighty God ^ 
 who IS pleajcd to fet we free from the chains of the body. 
 
 XVI. SENTENCE being paded, he was led away from the Tri- 
 bunal with a flrong guard of Soukuers, infinite numbers of people crou- 
 ding after, the C hrillians weeping and mourning, and cr}'ing out, let in 
 aljo Le beheaded with him. The place of Execution was Sexni.s his Field, 
 a large Circuit of ground, where the Trees (whereof the place was full) 
 were loaded with perfons to behold the Spe^facle. The Martyr pre- 
 fently began.to (trip himfelf, firft putting off his cloak, which he folded 
 . up, and laid at liis feet, and falling down upon his knees, recommended 
 his foul to God in prayr ; after which he put off his Dalmatic^ or un- 
 der-coat which he delivered to the Deacons, and fo (landing in nothing 
 but a Imnen veftment, expeded the headfman, to whom he commanded 
 
 the fum of about VI. pounds to be given , the 
 MPt/^:^;,!::^^::, brethren fpreading Imnen cloths about him to 
 "i^^.} aureosdareHt.^&..C)\^T.\xl'i. Aureus prcfervc his bloud trom being fpilt upon the 
 fub imperatonbus Rstnantsvaiuit dcmftro ground. His fliitt flecves being tied by Julian 
 
 1 3 s./cdjub yllc.xandro Seven primocufi twit , r ^i a a. ll l -r //' \ ^U 
 
 Scmiffis Aurei (denoftro-js 6A.)4 Tre- C <^^ ^^ One ot the Acts Call him, Tullian) the 
 mip Aurei, qui -vaiun de nnftro 5 s. vid. Presbytcr, and JuUan the Sub-deacon, he covered 
 ^nTc.iL^n'r "^- • ' ^f" "''J""" '""" " his eyes with his own hand, and the Executioner 
 
 AttK i-ypnam locum tmelhgcndmn pito. ^■ ^ {^ r-^rr , ,■ , 1 1 1 ^\ -n- 
 
 did his Oifice. His body was by the Chriltians 
 
 depofited not far off, but at night for fear of the Gentiles , removed , 
 
 and with abundance of lights and torches folemnly interred in the Cce- 
 
 metery of J^lacrohiHS CarJidm a Procurator , near the Fifli-ponds in the 
 
 Mappalian way. This was done ^iww.CCLVIII. Valeriani (^ Gallien.Y. 
 
 * Arm,^p!ym- fo extravagantly wide is the account of the * Alexandrian Chronicle ( if it 
 
 ^ludiH^Kiu ^T^cans the fame perfon) when it tells us, that S. Cyprian fuffcred Mar- 
 
 J1.626. ' tyrdom Ann. Alesavdri Imp. XIII. that is r/w-C/.'/-. CCXXXI V. though 
 
 the Confuls under which he places it ( and this agrees better with his 
 
 other accounts, both of the Olympiads, and of Chrifts Afcenfwn ) aliign 
 
 it to the laft year of Maximinmy /4»;/,(r/.'/-.CCXXXVI[. for fo he fays, 
 
 that
 
 t 
 
 luidmutiii liLriituit iHiu- 
 
 /;/?< 
 
 ■■:■'•■■•- ' - - , „ 
 
 PfRf.i 
 
 
 ./,..., 
 
 ,- 
 
 /■"■■■"■ 
 
 - 
 
 eii-r. in 
 
 
 The Life of S. C y p r i a n. 263 
 
 that it WIS VCV, yir-- ^orour lords afccnl'on into Heaven. V.'Iiich 
 
 was however tar c ^ loin trutli. hiile-^d eifcwhcic' he phrr. • -f" l o/rm;. 
 
 S.Cypr/aM's Martyrdom A^.j/rr/iTw/ II. uhicii asap|H,'arshy the C *^'- 
 
 (lioiild be V. that is in't. Chr. CXJLVIII. liut it is iiu ncv t!' :i 
 
 that Author to conlound times ' '/|xiit)iis, and allien t!ie laa,. . ....is 
 
 todiderent years. Tiius ilied thi'^good man, the (iril Hilhop ol hii .'xc 
 
 that liillered Martyrdom, as t /'<"<//«• liisDeacon intbrmsus, whouasa ^ /M*-. i<. 
 
 true lover of him, ami tollowed liim to thelaO, and pro'ciles himleh 
 
 not to rejoice fo much at the glory and niurnji'i <,f' In., M .n, r, >s m 
 
 mourn that he himlelt' was left Ixhiml. 
 
 WII. .S. C T r H I A t^ thouL^h darting late, ran 3|xicc inriic( iiri- 
 flian race. He hat! afoul inilamed with a mighty love ami /tal lordfKl, 
 whole honour he lludiul by all ways to prt>iM()tL-. A uife and pr.id(.nt 
 Governour, a great alFerter ot the ( hurches Kights, a refolute Patron 
 and defender ot the Truth, a faithful and vigilant Overfecr of his Hock, 
 powerful and diligent in prc-aching, prudent in 
 'lis determinations, moderate in his counfels, grave 
 and fevcrc in his admonitions, |>athetical andaf- 
 ledionate in his perfuafives, indulgent to the Pe- 
 nitent, but indexible to the obdinateand contu- 
 macious. Infinite jiaiiis he took to reclaim the '"•i^'txk- 
 iapfcfl , and to rcdore them to the Church by ^ ' '^' 
 
 methods of ivnance* and due humiliation : he invited them kindly, ''-f ■'•^c«- 
 treated them tenderly ; if their minds were honed, and tlieir deiircs „^,'^ 
 finccrc , he would not rigoroudy examin their crime-s by over-nice 
 w eights and meafures ; and fo prone to pity and compadion, that he w as 
 afraid led he himfelf olTcnded iniemirtingother rtiensodlnces. He- va- 
 lued tile good cf fouls alxne the love of his own life, condant in the 
 profeifion of Religion, trom which neither by liojxrs nor fears could 
 ne be drawn adde. How driclly cliad. and continent he was, even in 
 his drd entrance upon ( hridianity, we have noted in the Ugmning of 
 hishte. His humility emincntl) ap|x.areil in his declining tlie hoiioiir 
 of the F.pifcoi">al Order, and dedrc that it might be conkrred u)xin a 
 more deferving ix.rfon ; and u hen fomc ta^lHous and fchifmatical [ki- 
 fons traduced him as taking too much ujxin him, becaufe he controlled 
 their wild and licentious courles, he vindicates his humility at large in 
 a Letter to Fup/jtuus t, who had made himfelf Head of the Party that f />,/?. gj-. 
 appeared againd him. So motled, that in ail great tranln 'lions concern- "* 
 ing thcduirch, he always confulted lx)th his ( -ol leagues and his H(x:k, 
 himfelf aduring us*, tliat from the very entrance ujxjn his liilhoprick ' ^ff^^.C^ 
 he determined, not to adjudge any thing by his own private C)rder Z,'^'^'-'^' 
 without the counfel of the Clergy, ami the conlcnt of the People. 
 His behaviour was comixifetl and loKr +, his counienance gra\c, y^t ^^''■j[*'*^"' 
 chcarful, neither guilty of a frowning feverity, nor an over-plealant ' ' 
 mirth, but an equal rlen'rum and temperament of both, it Icing liard ro 
 fay, whether he more .'cferve\l to be loved or ferr ' ' - •' - !c 
 equally deler\ed both. And tiie very fame he was i : ;, . '•r 
 and moderate, obfer\'ing a juft didance U>th trom flovcnlinefs .-^nd fii- 
 perduity, fuch as neithir argued hiin to be fwelkd with ; 
 nity, nor infcded with a fordid and penuriou- — ' " 'i 
 
 fet the Crown upon the head of all his other ^ 
 b!c and exemplary Cfiaritv, he was of a kind and cr .ate icm- 
 
 ptr
 
 264. T^he Life of S. C y ? r i a 
 
 N. 
 
 per, and he gave it vent. Upon liisfirft embracing the Chrif.ian Reli- 
 gion he fold his eftatc ( which was not mean and inconfiderable ) and 
 gave almoftaliof it to the Poor, from which he fuflued no conhdera- 
 tionsto reftrain him. His hand, and ;ongue, and heart, ucrc open upon 
 * AdEpifc. all occafions ; we fmd him at onunCi'Vie not only earncflly ^ predin^^ 
 K:mud. -E^'T?- others to contribute towards the redeuiption otChriflians taken captive 
 ° ' by the Barbarians ^ but himfelf fending a coUetlion of a great many 
 thoufand Crowns. Nor was this a fingle aft done once in his life, but 
 ^Pom.iibifufr. his ordinary praftice ; his doors t were open to all tiiat came, the Wi- 
 dow never returned empty from him; to any that were blind, he would 
 be their guide to direft them ; thofe that were lame, he was ready to 
 lend his alfiftance to fupport them ; if any were oppreded by might, he 
 . was at hand to refcue and proteft them. Which things, he was wont 
 to fay, they ought to do, who defired to render themfelves truly ac- 
 ceptable and dear to God. 
 
 XVIII. H I S natural parts feem to have been ready and acute enough, 
 
 which how far he improved by fecular and Gentile Learning, is unknown. 
 
 He feems to have laid no deep foundations in the Study of Philofo- 
 
 phy, whereof few or no footfteps aretobefeen in any of his Writings : 
 
 his main excellency was eloquence, Rhetoric being his proper profefhon 
 
 before his converfion to Chriftianty ; wherein he attained to fo great 
 
 a pitch, that Erafmus, a competent judge ofthefe matters, flicks not to 
 
 *p>-<f//«0;>-. affirm*, that among all the Ecclefiaftics he is the only .-//Wa/w Writer, 
 
 Ep7 zS^Epifl ^^^^^ attained the native purity of the Latin Tongue. TertulUan is dii- 
 
 6.C0I. \6i6. ficult and obfcure, S. Augujlm ftrangly perplexed and dry; hut Cyprian 
 
 -jEpijl-adPau- (^asS-Hieromi long fmce truly cenfured)like a pure Fountain isfmootli 
 
 in.f.io^. om. ^^j f^,gef_ And Laclantiiis * long before him paded this judgment, that 
 
 I 
 
 *De 
 
 C.I 
 
 JiiftitJ.'). Cyprian alone was the chief and famous Writer, eminent for his teaching 
 f 459- Oratory, and writing Books admirable in their kind .• that he had a fa- 
 cile, copious, pleafant, and ( which is the greatefl grace of Speech ) 
 i,»cHha^ in Lybia fang,m, fedub.^ue n.guajoiin : f I^ar and perfpicuous wit that a man can 
 Solafiiperftes agit de corfore, foia ohire nefiit. hardly difcem. Whether he be morc eloquent 
 Dim genus ejje hommum chrijlus finet (3 vigere \^ J-^^5 exprellions, cafie in his explications, or 
 
 DmnlbeTuiluscrn, dum fcnma facra iiternrum, potent in his petfuafives. Indeed his fiile is 
 
 Tc leget omnts amans chriFium , tua, Cypnane, very natural and cafie, nothing elaborate or 
 
 JfJ^et ..,.,„ p,„«/„^.c affefted in it, or which favours of crat't and 
 
 Spintin tile Det, qui ftuxerat alitor m Prophetns, ■ 1 r 1 1 1 
 
 Fontibns eioquu tc caittiis attus irrigavit. oltentation,but luch cvety Where the tenor ot 
 
 Ontvecandtdtus linguj: genus >. novum faporem I J^Jg languafie ( I fpeak * EraJmiU his fcnfe aS 
 ZJt liaiior ambrofius, cor mittgat, imbuit palatum, m s \ ^ •ii.u'i i 
 
 Sedem amma pemtrat, menfemfcn>et,& pererrat Well as my OWn>hat yoU Will think yOU hcar 
 
 artus : a truly Chriftian Biniop,and one dellgned for 
 
 "'£^::u^i:^::^::f:^^t'L.. Martyrdom fpeaking to you. His mind was 
 
 Cypr.Martyris, & Epifc Carthag. inflamed With picty, and hislpeech wasan- 
 
 ^ fwerable to his mind : he fpake elegantly,and 
 
 yet things more jjowerful then ekgant, nor 
 
 did he fpeak powerful things fo much as live them. After his coming over 
 
 to the Church,hc made fuch quick and vafl: proficiencies in ChrillianThco- 
 
 t Ad.arm.2s0. logy, that t Baronius thinks it not improbable to fuppofe eitlier that before 
 
 "• XI. his converfion he had been converfant in Books ofC .hrifiianSjOr that he was 
 
 ■ miraculouflyinftruftedformabove.'Tiscertain that afterwards he kept clofe 
 
 to 7>/-z';.//M;/xwritings,without which hefcarce ever paded one day, often 
 
 faying to his Notar\ ,AVjr/' hither try /l/.7//f /-jmeaning TertuUian. A padage 
 
 • Dcfcnpt. in wliich S.llierom* x.k\\% us he received from ? aulas oi Concordia in Italy., who 
 
 lenidl. had
 
 Ihc Li}c of o. C V I' . 
 
 rr- 
 
 \mi it from the inoutli o;" <. . own ,i i 
 
 certainly itlounds not a little to the comincmlationot liisiujgincntjliu 
 he could (Irif)k fo freely ar that ga.it nun's I , anJ Hick in none 
 
 ol'his oJd uiul uncout'" • ■■' , that he coi.u. ,.,irv tht Hr ■ 
 
 pals I.) ihe ulUeb ir n ..; as a wile in.in many tin 
 
 iVoin bein^corriqneii, that Ir: js the more warniil anJ confirmed in the 
 ni;'it l)y anotliji nun'scrroiirsaml inilialves. AslbrhU Writi:' f/e-^'''' 
 
 j<}!: (ji) palles tlivin over Willi this character, that it w.islui u... , to 
 reckon them up, being clearer and more ol)\ioiLs than the Sun. Many 
 of them are undoubtedly IfMl, t!»c grcatcrt part of what remain, are 
 I'.piillcs, anti nil of ilieni fuch, as admirabi) tend to promote the |Kace 
 ami order of the Church, an.l advance piety and a gotlU hic. A great 
 number of 7/././f, cither dubious or evidently luppol'ititious, arc laid at 
 his door, fome of them very ancienr,and molt of them uletul, it being his 
 happinel^ above all other Writers of theChurch Jays,/j Fr.ifmH>) that ,l')Vlnji,f, 
 nothini; is fathered ujxmi him but what is learned, and wlut was the 
 ilTItc oi fomc confidcrable Pen. 
 
 \I\. H F-' was higlily honoured w hile he lived, not only by men, 
 conlulted and appealed to in :iil weighty cafes by toreign (churches, but 
 by frequent vifions and divuie coiidefcenfions ( as he was wont to call 
 ihcm ) whereby he was immediately warnal and direc'led in all im|K)r- 
 tant alFairs ami exigenas ol' the CJiurch. After his death his memory 
 was had in great veneration, the people of C.irth.jgr{c 1 erecting two tmi- '' ' 
 nent Churches to it, one in the place of his Martyrdom, the other in,,.., / 
 the flIjpp.}lijH way, where he was buried. The former was Ailed /'//• .1. 
 Alenfa Cypri.mi, C\r>rt,in\ Table, bccaufe there lie had Ixen ofTered up a ^'*" •'• 
 vSacrificc acceptable. unto Ciod. And here they had their anniverl'ary 
 commemorations of him. Whether this was theChurch mentioned by 
 Frocopius{(l)y\c.\nnot tell, who informs us, that the C .irthj^inum o\>o\c ,f^ p^j^^, 
 all jvople in the World honoured S. C^pnan, building a magnificent ' 
 Church to his memory without the City Walls near theSeadde, and . 
 
 liefides other exprcllions of honour done to him, they kept a yearly Fe- f.^^^l.^ 
 ftival, which they called Cypruuj. This Church //(^wr/ci/f King of the 
 y'anrljh afterwards took from the CMholia^ carting out the Orthodox 
 C~lcrgy with difgrace and contempt, and beflow ed it ujxjn the .InuMs, 
 which XCV. years after was recovered by the Kmix;rour 'JhJIihum un- 
 der the conduct of Be//J.inu< ^ who bcficgcd and took Carthage^ and 
 drove the I'jndJi out of all thofe parts. 
 
 His Writings, 
 
 Genuine. F.piflclte in esilio [criptx ful fincm 
 EpifloLi art DoHJtum flatim a Bj- lifiC VII. 
 
 ptf/mo conjcripja. De dijciplinj (H hji/fu f 'irg/Mum. 
 
 FpilloLc /« Secejf'i toto Lichhio con- De I^pfts. 
 
 jcriptiC WW 1 1 1. De V nit ate F.cdefix Catholic a. 
 
 EpilhLc (nb Foiiiificatu Corndii (i! De Omtione Dominici. 
 
 LuciiW\\\. Afi DcmctrunHtn. 
 
 F.pijhl.c M/Jct/J.i»i\c III p.i<.c v.iiiii Dc I ' ■■' zjn/fjte. 
 
 ten;porihiis co»jcript.r\\\\. Dc .'• .ite. 
 
 EpiJiolxJHl Font ipc.it H Stephanie (f! De Ope re (S Eleentofynti. 
 
 dc rehjptizAnAis Ifareticis X. De Bono P.uientitC. 
 
 M m De
 
 266 
 
 The Life ^f 5. C y p r i a n. 
 
 De Zelo (0 Livore. 
 
 De exbortatione Martyrii ad Fortu- 
 
 natunj. 
 TeJUmoniorim Adverfus Judaos Lib. 
 
 III. 
 Concilium Carthaginenfe , de bapti- 
 
 zandis Hareticis. 
 
 Suppofititious. 
 
 De Spe^aculis. 
 
 De Dijciplim & bono pudkitia. 
 De Laude Martyrii ad Mofen^ &c. 
 Ad Novatianum, quod Lapfisfpes ve- 
 
 via mnfit deneganda. 
 De Cardinalibus Chrifli operibus. 
 De Nativitate Chrifti. 
 De ratione Circuwcifwnis. 
 De Stella & Magisy ac innocentium 
 
 nece. 
 De baptifmo Chrifli^ & manifejiatione 
 
 Trinitatis. 
 Dejejunio ^ tentationibus Chrifti. 
 De Ccena Domini. 
 De Ablutione pedum. 
 
 De undione Chrifm.^tis^ ©" aliis Sa- 
 cramentis. 
 
 De Pafwne Chrifti. 
 
 De Rejurretlione Chrifli. 
 
 De Ajcenfione Chrifti. 
 
 De Spiritu San^o. 
 
 De Aleatoribus. 
 
 De montihus Sina & Sion eontr. Ju- 
 daos. 
 
 Carmen^ Genefts. 
 
 Carmen^ Sodoma. 
 
 Carmen, adSenatorem Apoftatam. 
 
 Hymnus de Pafcha Domini. 
 
 Or at io pro Martyribus. 
 
 Oratio in diePafflonisfua. 
 
 Dejingularitate Clericorum. 
 
 In Symbolum Apoftolorum Expofitio. 
 
 De Judaic a incredulitate. 
 
 Adv. JudceoSy qui Chriftum infecutt 
 funt. 
 
 De revelatione Capitis B. Joan. Ba- 
 ptifta. 
 
 De duplici Martyr io, ad Fortunatum. 
 
 De XII. Abufionibus Sactdi. 
 
 Difpofitio Ceena. 
 
 TheEncfofS.CYVKlAWs Life. 
 
 THE
 
 2^7 
 
 T H 1: L I H E O F 
 
 S.GR EGOR Y 
 
 li I S H O I' Oh 
 
 N V. O C M S A R J{ A 
 
 S. GREOORH S THAI M. \Tl R(A 'S 
 
 S. Gregory where torn. I In tCmdrett and Rebt'ions. 7/r rjtik and 
 quMity of hu Parent i. His yoHthjnl fludiei. Un jludy tj the Lawi^ 
 His 'travels to Alexandria. V.e cjlumn\ there fixed u^n him tndhis 
 
 Mm 1 
 
 rmrj'
 
 2(^8 The Life ^/S. Gregory Thnumaturgus, 
 
 miraculous vindication. His return through Greece. His fiudyir.g the 
 Law at Bcrytus, and upon what occafwv. His Jixing at Cacfaren, and 
 putting hirnjelf under the tutorage of Origen. 7 he courfe of his J/udics. 
 His I'anegyric to Origen j/^ his departure. OrigenV Letter to hitn^and 
 the importance of it. His refujal to flay at Neocxfarca, and retirement 
 into the IVilderneJs. His Ihunnirig to he made Bijhop of Neocirfarca. 
 Confecrated Bijhop of that City during his ahfence. His acceptance of the 
 charge, and the fate of that place at his entrance upon it. His miraculous 
 ir'fhudicn in the great myfleries of Chriflianity. His Creed. The mira- 
 cles wrought h him in his return.- His expelling Darmons w/^^j Gen- 
 tile Temple, and the fuccefs of it. His welcome entrance into the City, and 
 kind entertainment. His diligent preaching to the people. His eretling 
 a church for divine worfhip^ and its fignal prefervation. An horrible 
 plague flopped hy his prayers. The great influence of it upon the minds of 
 the people. His judging in civil caufes. His drying up a Lake by his 
 rTprayers, which had been the caufe of an implacable quarrel between two BrO' 
 '•■ ^' thersi Jnd his refl raining the overflowings of the River Lycus. The 
 fignal vengeance infliHed upon /r-o Jews, counterfeit beggars. The fame 
 and multitude of his miracles, and the authorities tojuftijie the credibility 
 of them. The rage and cruelty of the Decian Perfecution in the Re- 
 gions of Pontus and Cappadocia. His perfuading the Chriflians to 
 withdraw. His own retirement. The narrow jearch made for him, and 
 his miraculous efcape. His betrayer converted. His return to Neoca:fa- 
 rea, and inflitutingfolemnitiesto the memories of the Martyrs^ and the 
 reajons of it. The inundations of the Northern Nations upon the Roman 
 Empire. His Canonical Epifllc to rellijie the dif orders committed by oc- 
 cafion of thoje inroads. His meeting with others in the Synod at Ant\oc\\ 
 about the caufe (?/Paiilus Samofatenus. His return home, age, and death. 
 Hisjolemn thanks to God for theflourifloingflate of hu Church, and com- 
 mand concerning his burial. The excellent charatler given of him by 
 S. Bafil. His Writings. The charge of Sabellianifm. S. Bafil'j Apolo- 
 gy for him in that behelf. Modefty to be ufed in cenfuring the ancient 
 fathers, and why. 
 
 * Greg. Nylf- in 
 •vtt.Gr. Thaum. 
 f.^(><). Twi.2. 
 
 I. )^^^^\^^'!^t^i^/P^ G REGORT , called originally TJ^eodorus , was 
 
 born at * Neocafarea,xhe. MetWTpo\\so[ Cappadocia, 
 fituate upon the River Lycus. His Parents were 
 Gentiles, but eminent for their birth and fortunes. 
 He had a Brother called Athencdorus, his feliow- 
 pupil, and afterwards Colleague in the Epifcopal 
 Order in his own Country, and one Sifter at kaft, 
 married to a Judge under the Governour of Pa- 
 leflin. His Father f was a Zealot for his Religion, 
 wherein he took care to educate him, together with the I earning of 
 the Gentile World. When he was fourteen years of age his Father died, 
 after which he took a greater liberty of enquiring into things, and as 
 -^ his reafon grew more quick and manly, and was advantaged by the im- 
 
 provements of education, he faw more plainly the folly and vanity of 
 that Religion, wherein he iiadbeen brouglitup, which prefently abated 
 his edge, and turned his inclinations towards Chriftianity. But though 
 *fW V 184" ^^^ ^^^'■^ ^°^ '*^^ Father, his Mother *took care to compleathis breeding, 
 placing him and his brother under Mafters of Rhetoric and Eloquence. 
 : , By 
 
 t Cr. Ihmm. 
 Pamgp: ad 
 Ong. f.i%2.
 
 Ibe Life of S.G iiiiG OK Y 'Ihnumati/'-^" • 26> 
 
 Hy oncofwiiicli, whowasapjxjintcd to teach Iiiin i\\cL*ittM Tonpuc, as 
 a iiccclury pitcc of no'jic ajij ingenious cdiicntion, he was p • ! ro 
 
 the lUidy of t!ic Ho»!.in Laus, as what uoiikl U- ainii;ht) 
 toliiininwhat way focvcrhcniouKI make ufc ot his Rhttonoal . 
 attcrwards. And the man himlth' Lcing no inconfidtrable lawyer 
 read Leilurcs to liiin witli great accuracy aivi ' ' 'c, which he as fc- 
 diiloutly attended to, raihcr to giamie his Im:. .: ..:iJ his lanhc, than 
 out of any love to thofe Studies, or delign to arrive at |xrJe:ti()n in 
 them. Which however fulhcicntly commends his induftry, thole I aws 
 ;as himlclf obfeives * ^ ! ■'■■- • vail and various, and not to U- harncxl •LiJf.tji. 
 without trouble and li. .And uhich above all encreaied t!ic la- 
 
 bour was, that the) were all written in y.w//w, a Language ( as he con- 
 fclTcs ) great indeed and admirable, and fuitedtothc Majelly of the Km- 
 pirc; but which lie found tioublcfom enough to make lumfell but a 
 comjx;tent MiQer of. 
 
 If. HAVING laid the foundations of his firft and moft neceliary 
 ftudies at home, he defigned yet turther to accomphlh himfelf by fo- 
 reign travels, gomg probal)ly firll tor Jlex.iHdru, gro\vn more 'than 
 ordmaril)- famous by the FhtoMic School lately creeled there. Indeed 
 I am not confident of the prccife alligoing this jx-riod of his hie, but 
 Know tliat I cannot Lx:much wide the mark, (jif^ors of h\ijj +airuring ^^•' f'-r- 
 Us, that he came thither in his ^outh, where by the clofenefs of his Stu- ' '^*' 
 dies, but efiKcially by the admirable fobriety and ftriclncfs of his life, 
 he vifibly reproached the debaucheries of his fellow-Students, who 
 Were of more wanton and dillblute manners. They prefently tall a me- 
 ditating revenge, contederating witii a common flrumpct to put an 
 abufe and affront upon him. Accordingly drelTcd in a loofe vs anton 
 garb, fhecamc to him one day as he was engaged in a ferious and grave 
 dilcourfc with tome learned and peculiar triends, impudently clurging 
 ium with ovcr-tamiliar convcrfes, relating what the thought good to 
 affirm had either been faid, or had pallixl betwe-en them; chargmg him 
 moreover witli cheating her of the reward of their lewd embraces. The 
 company,who knew him to Ix; aperfon of quite another temix:r, ftor- 
 mcd at the boldnefs and impudence of the woman, while he rc-gardlels 
 of the affront, laid nothing to it, calmly defiring a triend to give her the 
 mony tliat the asked, that they might Ix- no longer interrupted in their 
 difcourl'es. But behold how ready Heaven is to vindicate the caul'c of 
 injured innocence. Tiie mony was no fooner paid into her hand, but 
 as if acted by a furious Z'.rmow, flie fell into fits of the moll wild and ex- 
 travagant madnefs, roaring out the mofl horrid noife, throwing her 
 felf upon the ground, pulling and tearing of her hair, dillonmg her eyes, 
 and teaming at the mouth, nor could Ine be treed trom the rude treat- 
 ments of the mercilefs l\rn:n>t^ till he whom fhc had wronged had tor- 
 given Iier, and interceded uitli Heaven tor her. 
 
 III. I) E P A K T I N (j trom .■ihx.iKf^ru^ he came back, as we may 
 probably fupfxjfe through Greece , and ftaid a while at Athens^ u here 
 ' Socrjtes tells us he fludied,and thence raurncd to his own Country,^ ('/; 
 applying himfelf to his old fludyof the Law, which he had now a great * " 
 opportunity to improve by going to/if/->/«f, a City of ri.trn/crj, and a 
 famous Univerfity for the I'roteilion of the Homjn Laws, w hence F.tt- 
 >upius t fays of ,-/w.;/t////<r, 'twas no wonder ifhe was incomparably skill'd ♦ '-^ • ' p^'x- 
 in tlic Laws, being born at /?<■/■>/«;, the Mother of thofe Studies. Hitlvcr'-' ^ "'■ 
 
 he
 
 270 7he Life of S. Gregory Vjaumaturgus. 
 
 p^inegyr. ml he camc upon this occafion *. The rrefJcnt of Falejl^n had taken his 
 On^.p.i86. j3rothcr-in-lau', an eminent Lawyer, along with him to be his ^ffejjor 
 and alhdantin governing the affairs of that Province, who not long af- 
 ter fent for his Wife, and a requefl: that he alfo would come along with 
 her. All things confpired to make liim willing to undertake this jour- 
 ney , the gratifying his Sifter with his company, the importunity and 
 perfuafion of his friends, the conveniency of refiding at Bcrjtus^ tor the 
 fludy of the Law, and the advantage of conveyance, and the jiublic 
 carriages that were fent to fetch his fifter and licr retinue into thofc 
 parts. Whether he adually fludied at Berytus^ cannot be gathered from 
 t id.ib.f.i%'i. any account that he himfelf gives of it, nay rather the contrary f, though 
 S. Hhrom and others expreily affirm it. If he did, he llaid not long, 
 quickly growing weary of his Law-ftudies, being tempted with the 
 more pleafant and charming fpeculations of Philolophy. The fame of 
 Origen, who at that time had opened a School at Cajarea in Takjiin, 
 and whofe renown no doubt he had heard fufficiently celebrated at 
 J kxiim/r /a, (oon reached him, to whom he immediately betook himfelf, 
 * Gr.NyJf. ih. where meeting * accidentally with F'lrwilian a Cap^adouan Gentleman, 
 ^■9^'^' and afterwards Bifliop oi Cajarea in that Countrey, and finding a more 
 
 than ordinary fympathy and agreeablenefs in their tempers and fludies, 
 they entered into a League of friendfhip; and jointly put themfelves, to- 
 gether with his Brother ^/kWo/v/j-, under the tutorage of that fo much 
 t Vit. Ong. celebrated Mafter. Where t Emfmus his miftake mufl be pardoned, 
 op^{ ^"^'^ making our Gregory and Theodorus two diflinft Scholars of Origen^ when 
 'tis fo notorioufly known they were but two names of the fame perfon. 
 (a)H.Eccl.l.s. Though herein the more eafily to be excufed, thatf ^) Nicephorus Callijh.s 
 c.2o./).369. long before him, had befides ours, made another 77^fr;//flr«j^ Scholar alfo 
 to Origen at that fame time at Cccjarea^ who was, as he tells us, an eminent 
 Bifliop in Palejiin. But herein there is an univerfal filence in all other 
 Writers, not the leaft: intimation of it in Eufehius^ from whom he derives 
 his accounts of things. So plain it is, that of two feverai names he 
 made two different perfons. 
 
 IV. G L A D he was to have fallen under fo happy an inftitutionjOr/^e-w 
 by themoft apt and eafie methods leading him througli the whole re- 
 gion and circumference of Philofophy. By how many Stages he brought 
 him through the feverai parts ofDifciphne, Logic, F by fie s. Mathematics, 
 Ethics, Metaphyfics, and how he introduced him into the Myfleries of 
 {b) pancg. f. Theology, S.Gregory himfelf has given us (^)large and particular accounts, 
 197- Cf- which it is not material here to infifl upon. Above all he endeavoured 
 to fettle him in the full belief and perfuafion of the Chriflian Religion, 
 whereinto he had fome infight before,and to ground him in the know- 
 ledge of the holy Scriptures, as the beft 5)'y?f w of true Wifdom andPlii- 
 lofopliy. Five years he continued Origen s Difciple, when he was re- 
 called into his own Countrey. Being to take his leave, he made an 
 Oration before his Mafler, and in a numerous Auditory, wherem as he 
 (c)ibidf. 178, gives Origen his jufl commendations, fo he particularly blefles God(c 1 for 
 * '" the happy advantages of his inftruftions, and return thanks to his tute- 
 
 lar and guardian yif^gel, wliich as it had fuperintendcd him from his birth, 
 fo had efpecially conduced him to fo good a Mafler : elegantly bcwail- 
 (d}^;W. f. 21 ?. ing(^) his departure from that School, as a kind of baniihmentoutof 
 *^'- Paradife, a being turned like the Prodigal out of his Fathers houfe, and 
 
 a being carried captive as the Jews were into Babylon \ concluding, that 
 
 of
 
 'Vbc Life ^/il. G K L G o K Y Jbnunu! rj. 
 
 -: li 
 
 oi all tilings upon cartli, ntnliingc oiikl give fo great an c-afc and confo- 
 l.ttion to Ins nunJ, as il Iws kind and Lcnign .Angel would bring him 
 lack lo that place again. 
 
 y. UK was no ItxMier rcturnul to Neocrjjtcj^ but Or/i^^** follc^w cd 
 him with a Letter % commending his excellent |>arts, able to rendtr him • £x/«» 
 cither an imineni La\v v i "», or a great PhilainplK, ' 
 
 aiuoiig the G/^-cn, but el; , -. .^ Inm to improve rliem t.> 
 
 the ends ot" (hnllianity, and the practice of Piety and \'eitue. for 
 which purpole helet^lum know, that heinllru'kd him maini) m thole 
 Viencts atui parts ot riuloliphy, which might be intrtxiu.tory to the 
 ( hrillianiveligion, acquuntitig him withthotc things in (ieomttr^ ■•■ ! 
 Allronomy, u hicli might be ulelul for the underllanJing and exj 
 the holy Scriptures, thcle things Ixing as previoully advantageous to 
 the knowledge ot the ChriUian i)o:lrin, asdeomctry, Muf.c.dr > 
 Uhetoric, and .Allronomx, are preparatory to the lUulyol |»hili.. 
 Advifing him belbrc all things to read the Scripture, and that with the 
 moll protbiind and diligent attention, and not ralhly to entertain no- 
 tions ot di\ine things, or to lyKak ot tliem without Iblemn premedita- 
 tion; and not onlytoycc(" but^«<>c^', to jiray with laith and kr\ tncv 
 it being in vain to think that thcdtH)r Ihould Le opcneil wh-re prajer 
 is not lent bctc)re-!iand to unlock it. At his return f all mens e>es were • 
 upon him, txiH-'cting that in pubhc mextings helhould Ihew himl'-'-. 
 and let tliem reap llMiie truit of all his ftudies; and to this he \^ . 
 umvcniilly courted and imjKJrtuned , and eljxjcially by the wilc and 
 great men ot the ( ity, intreating him to redde among them, and by 
 li.s excellent precepts and rules ot lite to relorm and direct the manners 
 ot' men. But the modetl young man knowing how unfit the\ gene- 
 rally were to entertain the dictates of true Thilolophy, and k-aring left 
 by a great concourfc and applaufe he might l-e inlenfil>l\ enfnarcil into 
 pride and vam-glory, refifled all addrelles, and withdrew himlelf into 
 the Wildernels, where he refigned up himlelf to folitudc and contem- 
 plation, converting with God and his own mind, and deligliting his 
 thoughts with the plealant fjKCulations of nature, and the curious and 
 admirable works ot the great .Artilicerof the World. 
 
 VI. NEOC /€.S A HE .-i was a place large and jHipulous, but mifc- 
 rably over-grown with Sujx.rftition and Idolatry, to that it feemcd the 
 place where S.-.t.ms Jc.it was, and w hither (Jinliianity had as )ct Icarce 
 made its entrance, to the great griei and refentment of all g'K)d nun, 
 w ho heartily witlied that Keligion and the fear of Ciod were planted in 
 tliat plice. * rixfiin^is Bithop of .lirulr.:^ a m' '' r City in that •iiji-.;?:^. 
 Province, a man indued with a Tropheiic tpirit, .. ..i his eye Ujxin 
 our young riiilolbpher, as one whofc rijK- parts and piety did more 
 than weigh down his want of age, and rendred hiin a }xrrlon fit toLc a 
 (iuiile of Souls to the placcof his Nativity, whole rtluion to the place 
 would more endear the imployment to him. The notice hereot king 
 intimated to him, he lliitted his Quarters, and as oft as fought tor, tied 
 from one Dcfert and folirary flielter to another, lo t!;u tlic i 
 
 by all his arts and induflry could not lay hold of liirrf, the o: 
 more earnell to find him out, than the other was \ i^.I mt to . 
 ri.<j:einriis at lal^ def|xiiring to meet with him, rcloKcd however to go 
 on with his defign, and being acUd o,-u/i' -nn C-ri;'nf>3, by a ' ' 
 
 immediate nrpetus^ betook himldf to this pious ftratagem ^ i; , ..- 
 
 fiJeni
 
 272 The Life ^/S. G R e g o r y Thnumaturgus. 
 
 fident probably not to be met with in the Antiquities of the Church'^ not 
 regarding Cjirgomis his ablence ( who was at that time no lefs than three 
 days journy diftant from him ") he made hisaddrefs and prayer to God, 
 and having declared that both himfelf and Gregory were at that moment 
 equally feen by God, as if they were prefent, in (lead of impofition of 
 hands, he directed a Difcourfc to S. Gregory, wherein he fet him apart to 
 God, and conftituted him Biihop of that place, and God w ho fleers the 
 hearts of men, inclined him, how avcrfe focver before, to accept tlie 
 charge, when, probably, he had a more formal and folemn Confecra- 
 tion. 
 
 VII. THE Province he entered upon was difficult, the City and 
 »jd.uhifupr. P^J'ts therebouts being wholly given to the worfliip of Daemons*, and 
 T- 911- enflaved to the obfervance of Diabolic Rites, there not being above 
 
 feventeen Chriftians in thofe parts, fo that he mufl found a Church be- 
 fore he could govern it ; and which was not the leaft inconvenience, 
 Herefies had Ipread themfelves over thofe Countries, and he himfelf 
 though accomplilhed with a fufficient furniture of humane Learning, 
 yet altogether unexercifed in Theological fludies, and the myfteries of 
 Religion. For remedy whereof he is faid to have liad an immediate 
 afliftance from Heaven. For while one night he was deeply confider- 
 ing of thefe things, and difcufling matters of Faith in his own mind, he 
 had a vifion, wherein two auguft and venerable perfons ( whom he un- 
 derflood to be S. John the Evangelift and the blefled Firgin ) appeared 
 in the Chamber where he was, and difcourled before him concerning 
 thofe points of Faith, which he had been before debating with himfelf. 
 After whofe departure he immediately penned that Canon and rule of 
 Faith v^'hich they had declared, and which he ever after made the Stan- 
 dard of his Doctrine, and bequeathed as an ineftimable Legacy and de- 
 pofitum to his Succeflbrs, the Tenor whereof we fliall here infert, toge- 
 ther with the Original Greek ; which being very difficult to be exaftly 
 . rendred into our Language, the learned Reader ( if he likes not mine ) 
 may tranflate for himlel£ 
 
 Efs ©co5 WTtip 7s.oyv XJi^V©^, CL' There is one God, the Father of 
 
 (pla/; v(pe?w(7t)i xj (f fW/ji/sw?, j^ :if*P^" thelhingWoreJ^andofthefuhJifting 
 
 xT>y©. ctiiiB' -riAa©-, TgA«« ■)S^>w'- Wifrlom and Power ^and of Him ivhots 
 
 TKp- -Tmrnp i^'S fjigvo'^jvs. Efs jtu'e^©-, his Eternal Image^the perfeti begetter 
 
 IJi9v(^ OK fj{jvy, ©go? c/x. ©ga' ^es^- <^f Him that is perfect^ the Father of 
 
 y^rip Kj «5to)!/ niYii i^oTrl©-, Xoyoi oi ep- the only begotten Son. There is one 
 
 yoi, crD(pi<x. T'15 T^^oAwi' av9x-<r>.u)s 'n%t- Lord^ the only [ Son ] of the only 
 
 eKTiwli,iif SvuiafMS rris oAj)5 vJitnoK 'm.in- [ Father ] God of God, the Chara^er 
 
 TioMi , 1^05 a.hr\^.voi dhr^^^vZ rroT^s' and Image of the Godhead, the poiver- 
 
 ad£5m;5 a.oQslTv, 3^a<p^ffoi cl(p^jp- fulH^ord, the comprehenftve Wifdort?, 
 
 7«, ^ a^nx.vcL'm a,^ya,Tn, j^ a'l^ioi by which a// things were made,and the 
 
 diSiy. KcM ev TTveufJig:, dytov, ok ©gS Power that gave Being to the whole 
 
 "T v'TTap^iv f^v, :^ ^ yv mflvjos, Srr Creation, the true Son of the true Fa- 
 
 'ha.^A'm.i ay^pcoTnis' ^/mv mv vv,Ti- ther,the In'uifille of the lnuifible,thc 
 
 Aa'« itXdio. ^wrt, ^wrTwv otTTa* Tmyw Incorruptible of the Incorruptible, the 
 
 ctyict, a-yioTni, d.yta.ciJLZ ^pn'y>i' ov u Immortal of the Immortal, and the 
 
 (petrepvraf ©go§ o cretirp, o tTn "mivTUiv^ Eternal of Him that is Eternal. There 
 
 Kj iv TToiai' KcM ©g&5 tjoi-i S^d is one Holy Ghojl, having its fubfi- 
 
 'TTxvn.v' Tg/a5 TgAe<a, Si^-fl kj diS\6'Trm flence of God,which appeared through
 
 The Life tf/ 5. Gregory Thaumatur^m. 273 
 
 Xj ^xa\?.iia.^ tM fx<re,*^on,Vi», ^t.^,h^ a- th Son to mjukin^^thf perffil /mate 
 TBAeT6»ff^V»' '/ ■■'''■ ' '*, ff'f 1 'j^-%r^ini 
 
 / •' , •' ' • • ' -oitjiM, tlrS.!n.li'r^ 
 anil the Author cf Siittilijtcjticn : l\ nl cm ind the lather is mjJe mj. 
 Hifefty who IS ozer ally jtnlinall\ .iMti Gcii the Sof^ who h thronth jU. ^ 
 />erfeii7r/»/t\, whnh neither in (j lory, ftermty^ or Vominitit n ittviife<i 
 or Jirp.tr>'' i i>.'„i it jelf. 
 
 To this ( real he always kept himfcU, the Orifjinal uljcrcof written 
 with his own hand, my Author allures us was prclervcd in tlut ( hurch 
 in his name. 
 
 \'III. T H I' S incomparably turnilhal, he Ix-gan to apply himfclf 
 more dire:tly to t!ic clurj^ej committed to jnm, m the happy fuccefs 
 whereol' he was mfinitely advantaged I ) a jxjwer ot workinti miracles 
 (fo much talked of among the Ancients'^ bellowed upon him. As he 
 was* returning liomc Irom the WildtrneCs, l^ing kniglital , and over- *lhdf. 9«o. 
 taken witha llorm , he together with his company turneil afide to llicl- 
 rcr them I'elves in a <'Jc«r//<' Temple, famous for Oracles and Duinutions 
 where they lix;nt the night in prayers and hymns to Got!, tarly iri 
 the morning came x\\{:G(ntile Priell to pay the accuflomed d'.vorions to 
 the /'.rw,;/) of the place, who had told him, it feems,thar they muft 
 henceforth rehn^uilh it by reafon of him that hxlged there; he made 
 liis lufl rations, and oilered his Sacrifices, but all in vain, the l),rmoiu 
 being deaf to all importunities and invocations. Whereupon he burfl 
 out into a r.ige and paiiion , exclaiming againll the holy man , and tlireat- 
 ning to complain ot him to the Magillrates, and the Empcrour. But 
 when lie faw him gcncroully defpifing all his threatnings , and invcflcd 
 with a |K)\Aer ot commanding /'.rwo/t in and out atpleafure, he turned 
 his fury into admiration , and intreated the liilhop as a funher evidence 
 of that divine autlioritv tlut attended him , to bring the Da^mens once 
 more Iwck again into the Temple. For wlmfc fatisiacfion he is faid to 
 have torn oH a pieceof Puj-^r ,and therein to have urittcn tliele uords, 
 Gregory to Sj.'jh , enter. Which Sch'-dulc wis no fooner laid upon tlic 
 Altar, and the ulual incenle and oblations made, but the /'.rwrwi appea- 
 red ngain as they \Mre uonttodo. Wlureby he wasplainlv con\inccxl 
 that It wasan.Authorit) ki|H.riour to all internal |X)wers,ancf accordingly 
 refolvcd to accom|>any him; but Icing unfatisficd in I'ome parts of the 
 C^hriUian Doc>rin, was fully brought over alter he had feen S. Gregory 
 confirm his difcourles by another tviilent m.iacle ; u !, -i he frcrly 
 
 tbrfook houleand home,tritnd.s, and relations, and i ^ . up lumicif 
 to the inftrutflions of hLsdivine Wifdom and Philofophy. 
 
 IX. THE fame of his fl range and miraculous actions had prepared 
 + the People of AV or/.;rr.i to entertain him with a pnxligious reverence ♦ ^^ ■ - p 
 andrcgird, the People generally llcKking out of ihe ( it) to meet him, '"'' 
 every one being ambitious to fee the perlon of whom fuch great things 
 ucre fpoken. He unconcerned in the applaufe and expe • of aJI 
 
 llie Vpe.lators that were about him, without fomuch as c..., . ^ ins eve 
 on the one fide or the other, palfcd directly through the mi.iit of t]v: • 
 
 crowds into the City. Whither l-eing come, his friends tlut had ac- 
 companicil iiim out of lus folitud'.s, were very folicif ' re and by 
 
 w hiin h !b.) lid Lx; entertained. But he rej^roving tl...: ...xicty, asked 
 
 N n I hem
 
 2 74 T^'^^ L^f^ of ^' Gregory Tbnumaturgiis. 
 
 them, whether they thought tliemfelvcs baniflicd the divine Protetftion ? 
 whether Gods Providence was not the befl and fafell refuge and ha- 
 bitation ? that whatever became of their bodies, it was infinitely of 
 more importance to look after their minds, as the only fit and proper 
 habitations, which were by the vertues ot a good hfe to be trimmed 
 and prepared, furnillied, and built up for Heaven. But there wanted not 
 many, who were ready enough to fet open their doors to fo welcome 
 a^ gueft, among which efpecially was AIuJck/us^ a perfon of greateft ho- 
 nour, efleem, and power in the City, who intreated him to honour 
 his houfe with his prefence, and to take up his lodging there .- whole 
 kindnefs, as being firfl; offered he accepted, difmifling the reft with a 
 grateful acknowledgment of that civility and refpett which they had 
 offered to him. 
 
 X. I T was no little abatement to the good mans joy to think in what 
 a Prophane and Idolatrous place his lot was fallen, and that therefore it 
 
 *vbifufra f. concerned him to loofe no time. Accordingly that very day * he fell to 
 preaching, and with fo good fuccefs, that betbre night he had converted 
 a little Church. Early the next morning the doors were crowded, per- 
 fons of all ranks, ages, infirmities and diftempers flocking to him, upon 
 whom he wrought two cures at once, healing both Soul and Body, in- 
 {lru(n:ing their minds, convincing their errors, reclaiming and reform- 
 ing their manners, and that with eafe, becaufe at the fame time ftrength- 
 ening the infirm, curing the Tick, healing the difeafed, banifliing D<r/wowy 
 out of the pofleifed ; men greedily embracing the Religion he taught, 
 while they beheld fuch fenfible demonfl:rations of its power and Divi- 
 nity before their eyes, and heard nothing reported but what w as verifi- 
 ed by the teftimony of their own fenfes. Having thus prepared a nume- 
 rous Congregation, his next care was to eredl a Church where they 
 might afiemble for the public folemnities of Religion, which by the chear- 
 ful contributions of fome, and the induftrious labour of others, was in a 
 little tim2 both begun and finiOied. And the foundations of it feem to 
 have been laid upon a firmer bafis than other buildings, feeing it out- 
 flood not only Earthquakes, frequent in thofe parts, but the violent 
 florm oiDindefians Reign,who commanded the Churches of the Chrilti- 
 ans in all places to be demojiflied ; and was ftill Handing in Gregory NylJhi's 
 time, who further tells us, that when a terrible Earthquake lately hap- 
 pened in that place, wherewith almoft all the buildings both public and 
 private were deftroyed and ruined, this Church only remained entire, 
 and not the leafl: flone was Ihaken to the ground. 
 
 t ibid.f.icoj. XI. St. Gregory Nyjjen f reports one more memorable paflage than the 
 reft; which at his firfl coming to the place made his converfion of the 
 people much more quick and eafie. There was a public Fcftival held 
 in honour of one of the gods of that Countrey, whereto not only the 
 Neocafareans^ but all the inhabitants of the neighbour-Countrey came 
 in,and that in fuch infinite numbers, that the Theatre w as quickly full, and 
 the crowd fo great, and the noife fo confufed and loud, that the Show s 
 could not begin, nor the folcmn Rites be performed. The people here- 
 upon univcrfally cried out to the Damon^ Jupiter ne hejeech thee make 
 lis room. St. Gregory being told of this, fent them this menage,that their 
 prayer would be granted, and that greater room u ou!d be quickly made 
 them, than they defired. Immediately a terrible Plague brake in up- 
 on them, that turned their Mufic into Weeping, and filled all places 
 
 with
 
 The Life of S. (i r i: c o r y Thnt/mntun^fU. 
 
 
 with cries and dying groans. I he dillcmpcr Iprcad I . •, and 
 
 pcrfons were lick and dead in a tew moments. The lemplcs, whither 
 inin\ Ikd in hoj>c^ ol" cure, were (illcd with carcallcs ; the lo'jnrain'i 
 .ind the Ditches, whither the heat ami Icrvour ot the inlection had led 
 tliem to c]ULnch their thirll, were dammed up with the multitudes of 
 thole that tell into them ; Ibme ol' their own accord went and fate 
 among t lie Tombs, fecuringa Vpulchrc totlumlelves , tlicre not Ixring 
 liv.ii^ enough toix-rtorm the Lift olhces to the dead. The caufe of this 
 ful cilamir) Ixing undcrllood, that it proctxxled from their ralh and 
 toohlh invocation of the P.rntoM ^ they addrelTed themfelvcs to the 
 lUtliop, mtrcating jum to intercede with liis(h)d( whom thty klicVeJ 
 to l-e a more potnuand fuixriour Beuit; in ihcir UhalMhat he would re- 
 llrainthat violent dillcm|x.r that raged amongft them. He did lb, and 
 the Pellilence ihated, and the deflro) ing Angel tcx)k his leave. And 
 t'-.e i'^'i • wxs, tliat the jKople generally deferred their Temples, (Oracles, 
 "^.uii . .s, and the Idolatrous Rites of their Religion, and took Sanctuary 
 in ( hnllianity, as the (ecurell refuge, and the bell way to oblige Hea- 
 ven toprote t them. 
 
 XII. H I S known prudence, and tlic reputation of his mighty and 
 (as my Author * calls them) .-ipojiolu.tl miracle'* advanced him into lb • i/ji. /. 9W; 
 much faX'our and veneration with tlie People, that they looked upon 
 whatever he laid or did, as the elfcx't of a divine j>ower. And even in 
 lecular caules, where the cafe was any thing knotty and diflicult, it 
 was ufually brouglit to him, w hole lentence was accounted moft juft: 
 and imi>artial, more firm and valid tlian any otlicr decifion w hatftxrvcr. 
 It hapned tint two Brothers were at I jw about a Lake, which both 
 challenged as belonging to that |>art of their Inheritance their Father had 
 left them. The Umpirage of the cafe was left to him, who by all 
 the jX-Tlwafivc arts of inlinuation firft endeavoured to reconcile them, 
 aud ivaccably to accommodate the difference between them. But his 
 pains proved tVuitlefs and ineffectual, the young men llormed, and re- 
 lolvcd each to maintain his right by force of Arms, and a day w as fet 
 when they were to try their titles by all tlie jxiwer which tlieir tenants 
 of each fide could bring into tlie field. To prevent which the holy 
 Bilhopwent the night before to the place, where he continued all night 
 in the cxcrcifes of dc\otion, and by his prayers to Heaven procured 
 the Lake tolx: turned into a parcel of dry and folid ground, rcmo\ing 
 thereby the Iwne of contention that was between them, the remains of 
 which Lake w ere Ihewed many Ages after. Thus t alfo he is laid to {Unlf-n^ 
 have miraculoufly reftraincd the violence of the River Anwi, which 
 coming down from tlie Mountains of Armciiu with a fwif't rapid tor- 
 rent, and fuelled by the tributary concurrence of other Rivers, fell 
 dow n into a plain Champian Countrey, where ovcrfwclling and fome- 
 timcs breakinc down its banks, it overflowed theC ountrey thereabouts, 
 to the irreparable dammage of the Inhabitants, and ver)- often to the ha- 
 zard and lols of their Lives. Unable to deal w ith it any other w ay, 
 they apply themfelves to St. Gregory to improve his interefl in Heaven, 
 that God, w ho alone mUs the ragiii^ of the Scj^ would put a flop to it. 
 He g(X^ along with them to the place, makes his addrcfs to liim, who 
 InkJet A'w«//i to the\\'jtei<^ tl.if they rfij\ not />j/v oier^ nor turn JfJin to 
 cover the Earthy thrufls his dart" down into the Bank, and prayed tlut 
 that might be the boundary of the inlolent and raging ftream, and f<> 
 
 Nn 1 dc-
 
 216 The Life of S. Gregory Thaiimatiirgus 
 
 departed. And it took effecV, the River ever after mannerly keeping 
 within its Banks, and the Tradition adds, that the lb if it felt' grew up 
 into a large fpreading Tree, and was lliewed to Travellers together with 
 the relation of the Miracle in my Authors days. In his return from Cc- 
 *ib,d. /. 997. r,hwj * { whitiier he had been invited and importuned both by the Ma- 
 giftrates and People, to conftitute a fit perlbn Bilhop of that City ) he 
 was efpied by two Jeirs, who knowing his charitable temper, either out 
 of covetoufnefs, cr a defign to abufc him, agreed to put a trick upon him. 
 To that purpofe one of them lies along upon the ground and feigns him- 
 felf dead, the other deplores the miferable fate of his companion, and 
 begs of the holy Bilhop as he palled by to give fomewhat towards his 
 burial, who taking of his coat that was upon him, call it upon the man, 
 and went on his way. No fooner was he gone out of figiit, but the 
 Imppjlor came laughing to his fellow, bad him rife, and let them make 
 themfelves merry with the cheat. He called, pulled, and kicked him, 
 butalafs in vain, the Comical fport ended in a real Tragedy, the man 
 was dead indeed, his breath expiring that very m.oment the garment 
 was call upon him, and fo the Coat really fcrved for what he intended 
 it, as a covering to his burial. 
 
 Xllf. IN an Age fo remote from the miraculous Ages of the Church, 
 and after that the World has been fo long abufed by the impoflures of 
 a Church, pretending to miracles as one ot the main notes and evidences 
 of its Catholicifm and Truth, thefe pailages may polfibly feem fufpi- 
 cious, and not obtain a very eafie belief with the more fcrupulous Rea- 
 der. To which perhaj-'S it may be enough to fay, atleaftto jullificmy 
 relating of them, that the things are reported by perfons of undoubted 
 credit and integrity, efpecially St. Bajil and his brother Gregory, both of 
 them wife and good men, and who hvcd themfelves within Icfs then 
 an hundred years after our St. Gregory ; and what is more confiderable, 
 were capable of deriving their intelligence from a furer hand than or- 
 dinary, their ancient Grandmother ALicrinct, who taught them in their 
 youth, and fuperintended their education, having in her younger years 
 been Scholar and Auditor of our St. Gregory, and from her I doubt not 
 they received the moll material paflages of his life, and the account of his 
 miracles, of many whereof Ihe her felf was capable of being an e) e- 
 fAdK far ^'''^^"^^Sj "^^^ wherewith flie acquainted them, as llie alfo did with the 
 Epft. Lxxv.' Doftrine that he taught,wherein St. Bafil f particularly tells us Ihe inllru- 
 ;.i3i.Tow,3. dted them, and told them the very words which ihc had heard from 
 ^ him, and which Ihepcrfcflly remembrcd at that age. Befides, that his 
 
 /'•985 Brother folemnly * profclles in recounting this great mans miracles, to 
 
 fct them down in a plain and naked relation, without any Rhetorical 
 IW. f 995. arts to amplifie and fet them off, and to mention only Ibme few of 
 thofe great things that had been done by him, and purpofely to fupprefs 
 i ibid.f. ioo<). f many yet in memory, left men of incredulous minds Ihould disbelieve 
 them, and count all Fables which were above the flandard of their fen- 
 timents and apprehenfions. Indeed as to the main of the thing, 1 might 
 challenge the faith of all Ages ever fince, who have unanimoully be- 
 lieved, and conveyed the report of it down to us, and upon this ac- 
 count the title of TbaitmAtHrgus, the Wonder-worker, is conftantly and 
 uncontrollably afcribcd to him in the Writings of the Church. And 
 \Tv^^t^''^' ^^' ^^'^^^^^ * ajliires us, that upon this very account the Gentiles were wont 
 Te»j.*2. "^ ^^ ^^li liii^"! ^ Second Mojes , and that in his time he was had in fuch uni- 
 
 vcrial
 
 Tbe LIfr of S. Gregory V 277 
 
 vtrl'al iJ miration amjn;^tlid\oplcot that Countrc), .. . , 
 
 fota;!i- :t no time - able to bJot it ou: 
 
 \iv. ; .-1 ,■ .. _. . . ^ 
 
 \ticd tofcctbc Chiillian KcLgion To much gcttlu. . ot Jt-clinina 
 
 V ' very ftvcrc F : the ( ^ 
 
 1 . . f 
 
 t-- . . ..._ ; 
 
 Ihired it not dcxpcr, to Le fure cvjual uith the reft. All other 
 
 ft- givcuaytot" ; tiK ( ' was the debate 
 
 o: ^11 ^ ^Aic Councils, aii.. - •" - ' ' 'A 
 
 not vent it lUi" in a tl.v tlir. ^, . 
 
 methods of cruclt>% and inilruments ot Torment, the vcr\- appi ~[ 
 
 ^\hea • • • • - ' Js and Axes, 
 
 Fire, '■■ ^-..■, -^^.i,^-, .. . iv-i^.i „u^ ^.i.tnd t'- ' -' >, 
 
 iron Cluiri made red Iict, i,^ . r kt up llrair, in\^ ...c 
 
 bodies of the tormented, as they rtood were raked witii naiks tlut tore 
 otr the llelh : and in ' r on^ daily inventcnl, c\ ery gaut 
 
 man being careful tlu. ^,,.'..... ,w...ad not kem to be more f-.-- • 1 
 cruel than himfch. Some came in as Informers, otiicrs as \'. 
 fomc feorched all private corners, others feized upon them that Jk-d, 
 and fomc u! ' tor their \ " ' ' ' , took hold of the 
 
 opportunity :, „_„:c and perf...... .^uig Chriilians. So 
 
 that there u Oi a general confufion and conftemation, e\ ery man being 
 atraiJ of his nenrcft rebti\ cs, the Father not confulting the lalcty of 
 hisChiM, northeC " ' • • r ■ ;• .^ 
 
 .Son betraying his L. , _.._ .... i _:.... „\;„...:^ u^ 
 
 Son tor embracing Chriflianity, and the Brother accounting it a pitxe 
 of Piety to \ iolatc the I.aw s of Nature in the taufe of Keligion, and 
 to cor ' '^" ' ■ ^.vn Brer'- - ' :• :'.'c a Chriftian. By thii means the 
 Wock; K and i 'ip^y> and yet no fooner w ere many 
 
 houfes rid ot their proper owners, but they were turned into common 
 Goals, the public Prifons not being able to contain the multitudc-s of 
 Chriftians, that were lent to them. Vou could not go into iIk ^^ ^ -' -s, 
 or places of ufual concourfe, but you might lu\ e lixn fome app ; , .J, 
 others led to trial or execution, fome weeping, others Liughmg and re- 
 joy cing at tiic common mifer) : no regard lud to .Age, or Sex, or Vertuc 
 or Merit, but as in a City ftormed by a proud and jxxent Conqueror, 
 ever) tiling was without mercy expoi'ed to tlie rage and rudeneli of a 
 barbarous and inhumane enemy. 
 
 W.St.GHEOORlix' '" ' ' ' ' snatcofthc 
 
 prcfent time, andliavingc^ ^..>... .. . ...Jf the frailty ^^^.^^ .i^.^, 
 
 and imbecillity of humane nature, and how tew ;^of his new Con\erts 
 cfpecially ) would be able to bear up under thofe tierce coniliiils w liich 
 the caufe of Religion wojid cru; ' m in, time! '-cd his Church 
 
 a little to decline the forceof th. j m ftormi, t. _. : .wm "tuasbrt- 
 
 tcr by tlying to lave their fouls, then by al iduij; thole furious trials 
 to hazard their falling trom the Faith. And to let them fee tlut this 
 might be done, and tlut herein there was no prejudice tor' - ' .'s, lie 
 refoK cd to lliew ihcm the way by his example , his firfl : . - g out 
 of danger, retreating to a Deiart Mountain, accompanied with none but 
 t!ic Cf/tr/Iif Pricftwhom lie had converted, andwiio miniftrexl to him in 
 
 the
 
 278 The Life of S. Gregory Thaimaturgiis. 
 
 capacity of a Deacon. And it was but time he iliould withdraw, tlie 
 enemy chiefiy aiming at him aS the head of the Party, and laying ail 
 poffible fnarcs to take him. Being informed where he lay concealed, 
 they went in vaft numbers to hunt liim out, fome befetting round the 
 foot of the Mountain, that he might not efcape, others going up fearched 
 every place till they came very near him. He perfwading his Deacon 
 to a firm confidence of the divine proteif ion, prefently fell to prayer,as 
 the other alfo did by his example, with eyes and hands lift up to Heaven. 
 The Perfecutors in the mean time pried into all places, examined every 
 bulh and ihrub, every crevife of a Rock, every nook and hole, but find- 
 ing nothing, returned back to their companions at the bottom, hoping 
 that by this time he might be fallen into their hands. And when the 
 Informer defcribed the very place where he lay, they affirmed tliey favv 
 nothing there, but a couple of Trees a little diftant from each other. The 
 company being gone, the Informer (laid behind, and went direftly to 
 the place, where finding them at their devotions, and concluding their 
 efcape to be the immediate efTed of a divine prefervation ( God having 
 blinded their eyes that they Ihould not fee them ) fell down at the Bi- 
 ihops feet, gave up himfelf to be a Cliriftian, and a companion of his fo- 
 litudes and dangers. 
 *ibid.p. 1002. XVI. DESPAIRING now of meeting with the Shepherd, the 
 Wolves fell with the fiercer rage upon the Flock that fiaid behind, . and 
 not there only, but ran up and down all parts of the Province, feizing 
 upon Men, Women and Children, that had but any reverence for the 
 name of Chrift, dragging them to the City, and calling them into Prifon, 
 where they were fure to be entertained with variety of Tortures. S. Gre- 
 "' ' ■ ' gory in the mean time remained in his folirary retirement, till God ha- 
 ving mercifully commanded the Storm to blow over, and the tyranny 
 of the Perfecution to ceafe, he quitted his fliady and melancholy Walks, 
 and came back to Neocafarej, and vifiting his Diocefs all about, efta- 
 blilhed in every place anniverfary Feftivals and Solemnities, to do honour 
 to the memory of the Martyrs, that had fuf^red in the late Perfecution. 
 A great inflance of his Wifdom and prudence at that time, not only in 
 , domg right to the memory of the Martyrs, but by this means training up 
 
 People to a readier embracing of Religion, when they faw that it indul- 
 ged them a little mirth and freedom in the midft of thofe fevere Yokes 
 that it put upon them. He had obferved what advantage the idolatry 
 of th© Gentiles made by permitting its Votaries liberty ( indeed licen- 
 tioufnefs ) in their irreligious folemnities, and he reafonably prefumed it 
 would be no little encouragement to fome to defert their fuperftitions, 
 and come over to Chriftianity, if they were fuffered to rejoyce, and ufe 
 a little more innocent freedom than at other times, which could not be 
 better done than at the Memorials of the Martyrs, though it cannot be 
 denied, but that this cuilom produced ill effefts afterwards, 
 t wfllT.c.22. XVII. I N the reign of the Emperor Galliemis about the year CCLX. 
 /"'•5"- . and for fome years before, God being (as Oforius f truly enough con- 
 liuGdiinuc. je^tures ) offended with the cruel ufage which the Chriflians met vvithall 
 4. 5. f 717- from the prefent Powers, was refolved to punifli the World. And to 
 H^n'"'hb'^^i'"p ^^^^^ ^"'^ ^'^ "°^ °"-y ^^^^^ Valerian the Emperor ( friendly enough at 
 552.C^<:. 359. firft, but afterwards a bitter Perfecutor of theChriflians ) to be betrayed 
 rrcb.Poll. in i^to the hands of Sapor King of Perjia (who treated him with the highell 
 !''8J^''""^*'^'^'inllanccsof fcorn andinfolcnce) but permitted the Northern * Nations 
 
 like
 
 'The Life of S. G k e g o iv i rhnamnt 1:79 
 
 like a miglity inundarioii to breakdown the Banks, and ovcrllou' mo!} 
 parts ot the A(/w./w Inipire. 'Jhc (j.-muui letixjk theinlclvcs i 
 into S/>.t/n, others pireii the .-///'i, and came ihr«xigh //.;/> asi.ir .1. 
 veiinj; the Ah'>fi.in,ti K>rrJged //.;a.% and invaded //j/» ; the (K^ 
 and S.nmatie wailed }\imiomjy tile rartbum ltll into Mclobotainn and 
 A'vr/.;, ami the 6Vj//'y broke in upon /'ov/-///, .■ rtsot (>/rr' r 
 
 Intolerable were the outrages which theJe i-; , ,.^.j Ic co •• | 
 
 uhereever they came, lAitelpecially ii[X)n the ( lirilluns, \\\\ , 
 they plundred, ravilhed their Wives and Daughters, tortured ihtir 
 jxrlons and comiK-lkd them to oiler >acriiicc, and conimunicate in thiir 
 Idol Fealh: many ot the AVwr^./^m ljx)ding cheir lelluw-t hrilluns 
 and Ibmc under pretence of finding, ftole, or at Icall kept their ueig'i-' 
 bours gotxls to their own ufe. In this general contulion, a nngliUnir 
 liilhop ot thole parts writes to St. (Jrtiors ot AV«.f/j^, . r ' , aj. 
 
 vice what todoin tliis lad flate ot" alfairs. Who by / . . itnc 
 
 backa 0«<>>»/tj/F.pil\lc, ( 1<) olten cited and magnified by the Ancients 
 ami ftill extant ) to re^lilie thefe irregularities and dilorders, wherein he 
 prclcrilH-s the feveral Hations and orders ot" IVnircnts, but i ' "v 
 reproves and cenlurcs their inordinate avarice, (hewing how n :...\- 
 it is in it felt, how unfuitable to C hriOians, how abhorrent to God and 
 to all go<xl men to covet and grafp what xs anotluT mans ; and how mucji 
 more barbarous and inhumane in this calamitous time to IjhjiI the op. 
 prelled, and to enrich themfelves by the bUxxi ami ruines ot their mi- 
 icrable brethren. And becaufe lome might Ik- apt to plead they ilid not 
 fteal, but only take up what they accidently met with, he letj them 
 know, that whatever tliey had lound ot their neighbours, nay ih )ug|| 
 it were their enemies, they were bound by G<xJs 1 aw to rdlort it 
 much more to their Brethren, who were tellow-fut?crers with them in 
 the fame condition. And if any thought it were w arrant enough to 
 ktx'p what tliey had found, though U-longing to others, ha\ ing Wxn. 
 fuch deep loliirs themfelves, he tells them, this is to juHitie one w icked- 
 nefs w ith another, and becnufe the Gotli had l^cen enemies to them, 
 they would Ix.'come dotls and Barbarians unto others. Na\ many as 
 he tells us) joyned in with the Barbarians in ojx.n f»er(ecut.ng, capti- 
 vating, and tormenting of their Bretlircn. In all which calcs \\c pro- 
 nounces them lit to U- excluded theC'ommunion ot the Saints ami not 
 to l)C rc-admitted till by a Juft penance according to the \ arious r,rcum- 
 llances of the cafe, they had made public and lulemn fatLsiaJion to tlie 
 ( hurch. 
 
 Will. NOT long after this, VsuIm of S.inul.:{.i Biftiop of .-/«,'/,./. 
 began to broach very [vrnicious Doclrines concerning the jxrfon of our 
 blcfled Saviour. To prevent the infection whereof, the moll cminmt 
 of the Billiops and Clergy ot allthofe }>artsfre-qutntly mtt in Synoil at 
 Jmtml-, tile chief of whom * were ///» ''\\ho]-> o\ C.i '.net in f"-'- 
 
 /)..'*/flf A/, our St. Gregory and his Brother . j './j Bifhop alio in i 0. tw^ 
 
 and fome others. The Synod being fate, and liaving canvafed the mat- 
 ter, the crafty Heretic law iw as in vam to contend, and theati^rc dif- 
 fembling his errors as well as he could, he contelleil what could not 
 he hid, and by a feigned repentance faU ed his credit for the preitnt, and 
 fccured his continuance in that honourable place he held in the C hurch. 
 ThisCouncil was held .inn. Cl.r. (X I XIV. winch our M. ' 
 not long to have furvivcxl, dying either tlus, or moll proU. >; i..^ i.l- 
 
 lowing
 
 2 8o Th Life of S. Gregory Tbaiimaturgm. 
 
 * ub.6.c.\-j.f. lowing year. * Nicephorus makes him to have lived to a vejy great aee 
 t°i»'voc. rf„-'^^'^i^<^'i^icmLif>, ix*" ^ as he affirms: he died under D/w/f/wA; ; and f 6"/W. j 
 ^^i&-. f.62%. by a miilake much more prodigious, makes him to deceafe in tlic reicn 
 ox" Julian. A little before Jiis death, being fenfible that his time drew 
 }ufrp^ioot' "®^'''. ^^^ ^'"'"'^ * "P ^"^d down the City and the Vicinage to make a ftrict 
 enquiry whether there were any that yet were ftrangers to the Chri- 
 flian Faith. And being told that there were but fcventeen in all he 
 fighed, and lifting up his eyes to Heaven, appealed to God how rnuch 
 it troubled him, that he fliould leave any part of mens Salvation incom- 
 pleat, but that withall it was a mercy that challenged the mofl: grateful! 
 refentment, that when he himfelf had found but feventeen Chriftians 
 at his firft coming thither, he fliould leave but feventeen Idolaters to 
 his Succellbr. Having heartily prayed for the Converfion of Infidels 
 and the increafe and confummation of thofe that were converted, he calm- 
 ly and peaceably refigned up his foul to God.- having firfl enjoyned his 
 friends to make no trouble about his Funeral, nor procure him any pro- 
 per or peculiar place of burial, but that as in his life time he had carried 
 himfelf as a Pilgrim and Foreigner in the World, claiming nothing for 
 himfelf, io after death he might enjoy the portion of a Stranger, and be 
 call into the common lot. 
 
 * DeSfir. S.C. XIX. H E was a njan (fays f St. Bafif) of a Prophetical and Apoftolic 
 Twfl ^^ temper, and who in the whole courfe of his life exprelTed the height and 
 fLi^id'cler. accuracy of Evangelical Converfation. In all his * devotions he was 
 i^eocaf. Epifi. wont to fliew the greateft reverence, never covering his head in Prayer, 
 jf^"'^'^''' as accounting that of the ApofHemofl proper and rational, that every one 
 
 Trayirig or l ropbecybig ivtth b/s head covered^ dilhomureth his head. All 
 Oaths he avoided, making Tea and Nay the ufual meafure of his com- 
 munication. Out of regard to our Lords threatning he durfl: never 
 call his Brother Fool; no anger, wrath, or bitternefs proceeded out of 
 his mouth. Slandering and reproaching others he greatly hatcd,asa quality 
 oppofite to a ftate of falvation. Envy and Pride were Grangers to his 
 innocent and guilelefs foul. Never did he approach the holy Altar, 
 till firll: reconciled to his Brother. He feverely abominated lies and 
 falfliood, and all cunning and artificial methods of detraft ion ,• well 
 knowing that every lie is the fpawn and iflue of the Devil, and that God 
 will deltroy all thofe that fpeak lies. 
 
 * De Script, in ^^- ^ ^ ^ Writings are firfl particularly mentioned by * St. H/erow., 
 Theodor. who reckons up his Euchariflical Panegyric to Origen., his fhort and ( as 
 
 he calls it ) very ufeful Metaphrafe upon Ecclefiajles., feveral Epiftles (in 
 which doubtlefs his Canonical Epiflle had the firfl place ) and his Creed 
 or fliort Expolltion of Faith, which though not taken notice of in fome, 
 is extant in other Editions of St. Hieronis Catalogue. All which (fome of 
 his Epifiles excepted ) are flill extant, and probably are all he ever 
 wrote. For though there are other Tra£ls commonly afcribed to him, 
 yet without any great reafon or evidence to warrant their legitimacy, 
 whereof their flrongeft aflertors are not very confident. It appears 
 t AdDo'd.Ec ^''^'''^ '^ St.Bafilthat he was by fome of old fufpc^led as inclining to Sa- 
 ckf. Neoc^far. lell/an/fm^ wliich confounded the perfons in the holy Trinity, and that 
 E0. LAW. nig^ny jflieltered themfelves under his Authority from an exprefTion of 
 his, affirming that the father and Son are two in the confideratinn of the 
 mind, hut one in perfon. For this St. Bafd makes a large Apology, and 
 Ihews that it was fpoken in the heat of difputation againll Mlian a Gen- 
 tile
 
 The Life of S. Gregory J b/n/m/i fundus. I'S i 
 •' "' _^ ■ > 
 
 f/Ify i S"r,yi^-nyZ:^d>\' dynnTiKif'y not dogmatically IS a point o I . ^ i.ii, 
 Luc in halt and in the fervency of difputation, u hen judgment and luii- 
 (idcration is not at leifurc to weigh every thing l.y nice Icruples j that 
 his carncft dcfire to gain the (jemtlc nude h.nj lefs cautious and lolici- 
 luus about e\a:hu'l'sot weirds, and that lie indulged lomethn'g to the 
 apprchenfions of his adverfary, that fo he might get the I tttti advan- 
 tage upon him in the greater ami more imprtant principles; ilut this 
 beiraid him into lome unwary expreliions, w jiich the \ leretics oj after- 
 times improved to Lad purpofes, and llraiiied to aiiotln.rltn.e than v^ liat 
 was origmally intended by him that Ipakc them : Tlut asto the p.iii.- 
 cular cluigeot the Sjie/Iiju errour^, he u as lb tar from it, that it nau •xti-Z./w. 
 been chielly confuted and laid alleep liy the evidence ot that vtry d.)- 
 »5>rin which S.O/r^o/> had preached, the memory whereot wasprUerved 
 frelh among them. However nothing can be more true and modcjt 
 than what t S. lltcrom obferves in fuch calls, that its gie t rafjntls an' ' 
 irreverence prefently to charge the Ancients with HereI.e lor a fe»i [,,n.i. ^' 
 obnoxious expreliions, fince it may be, they erred w ith a fimple an i an 
 honed minJ, or wrote them in another ^Kwiv^ or ihepaiiagis luve I tin 
 fmce altered by ignorant Tranfcribers, or they took lefs hcxd and caic 
 to deliver their minds with the utmoll accuracy and exa;tnels, while as 
 yet men of jx.rverfe minds had not fown their tares, nor diHurlel the 
 Church with the clamour of their dilputations, nor inli:-:ted mens nunds 
 with their jx)ifonous and corrupt opinions. 
 
 His Writings. 
 
 Genuine. Suppcfititious. 
 
 l]xiiiyj£jiyjiy hjyoL^^af a/i Origi»ent. Capita XII. Acjide^ cum AnathotuX' 
 Aktjphrjjis in EccleliaJIem. tijmis, 
 
 Rrexis expofuiofidti. /« Jnnurxiationem S. Dei Cenilri- 
 
 Epiflcb Canonic J. cis Sernwnes FIf. 
 
 Sermo in Sanda Tl:ecphania. 
 Alix Hpiflolx plurcs, 4UX non Ad Tat/jKum de An/ma ?.6yi k«^*- 
 
 cxtant. 
 
 > /xrj) Ir,:. 
 
 The End of S. GREGORY Tluumaturf^us'j Ufe. 
 
 Oo THE
 
 ' c '- > 
 
 T I 
 
 i.:sxj ,.
 
 283 
 
 THE LIFE OF 
 
 S.DIONYSIUS 
 
 BISHOP OF 
 
 ALEXANDRIA. 
 
 S.DIONYSIUS A L EXANDRIXm. 
 
 The pbce of hu nat'niity. flu Family anJ KeLtions. His converftoH how. 
 His If utiles under Origcn. Whether a prcfejf^ Rhctoricijti. His fuc' 
 ceedtrig HeracUs in the Catechetic School. His hcmz^ conflttuted Bijhop 
 
 OO Z ' 9f
 
 284 T/;^ Life of S. D i o n y s i u s Alcxnndrinm. 
 
 ff Alexandria, cwJ the time of it. A preparatory Ferfecutim at Ale- 
 xandria, how begun. Thefeveritycfit. The Martyrdmn cj A^oWon'n^ 
 (Did the fond honours done her in the Church if Rome. The Perfe- 
 cution continued and promoted by Decius his Edicts. The mifera- 
 lle condition if the Chrifiians. The judden Converficn and Martyrdom 
 of a Guard of Souldiers. Dionyfius apprehended and carried into ba- 
 nifhment, there to be beheaded. A pleajant account of his unexpeded de- 
 liverance by means of a drunken rout. His retirement into the Defjrts. 
 His return /o Alexandria. The great, number and quality cf //f Lapfed 
 in the late Perfecution. The ccntejls about this matter. DionyfiUs his 
 judgment and practice herein. The ct/^ (?/ Serapion. His d-ealir.givith 
 Novatian about his Schifm, and the copy of his Letter to him. His be- 
 r,;g engaged in the controverfie about Rebaptization^ and great modera- 
 tion in it. His Letter to Pope Sixtus about a per/on baptized by Heretics. 
 Valerianus the Emperours kindnejs to Chrijlians. How turned to cruelty. 
 Dionyfius brought before i£milian. His difccurj'e with him, and refclute 
 confiancy. He is condemned to be hanifhed. His tranfpcrtation into the 
 Dejarts of Lybia. Thefuccefs of his Minifiry there. Innumerable Bar- 
 barians converted to the Faith. Gallienus his relaxing the Perjecution. 
 His Letter to Dionyfius granting liberty to the Chrijlians. Alexandria 
 Jhut up by the ufurpation of JEtmlmi. The Diz'ifions within, and Siege 
 without. The horrible Pefliknce at Alexandria ; and the fingular k:nd- 
 nefs and compaf/ion cf the Chrijlians there above the Heathens. Diony- 
 fius his confutation r/Sabellius. His unwary exprejfions^ and the charge 
 againfl him. His vindication, both by himfelf and by S. Athanafius. 
 His ivriting againfl Nepos. Nepos who, and what his Pri;;ciples and 
 Followers. Dionyfius his encounter with the herds cf the Party ; Hts 
 convincing and reducing them back to the Orthodox Church. His 
 engaging in the Controverfie againfl Paulus Samofatenus. The loojc, ex- 
 travagant, and infolent temper and manners of that man. Dionyfius his 
 Letter, to the Synod at Antioch concerning him. The fuccefs of that affair. 
 Dionyfius his death. His Writings and Epijlles. The lof's of them be- 
 wailed. 
 
 * Vtd.Enfeh.\. 
 7.c.\i.p.26o. 
 
 iEpiJl.adPhi--' 
 km. lb. c. 7. 
 
 * md.l.6.c.z<) . 
 f-22<).Hicro7j. 
 de Script, in 
 
 Dionyji 
 
 t Anaftaf. Si- 
 
 niit."OJ^iy. 
 
 c. 22. f. 341. 
 
 Mixim.Schol. 
 
 inc.^.deCie'eJ}. 
 
 Hiernrch.p.2i\. 
 
 Tom. 2. 
 
 I. S^^^^fif^^"^/^ DIONTSIV S was in all probability born at 
 
 Alexander, where his Parents * fecm to have 
 been perfons of confiderable note and quality, 
 and his Father, and polTibly his Anccftors, to 
 have born very honourable Offices, and himfelf 
 to have lived fome time in great fecular pomp 
 and power. He was born and bred a Gentile, 
 but by what particular occafion converted to 
 Chriftianity, I know not, more than what we 
 learn from a Vifion and Voice that fpake to him,mentioried by t himfelf, 
 that by a diligent reading whatever Books fell into his hand, and an im- 
 partial examination of the things contained in them, he was firfl brought 
 over to the Faith. Having pafied his juvenile ftudies, he put himlelf 
 under the inflitution of the renowned *" Origen,xht great Mafter at tliat 
 time at ///('.vj^^rf'/A/,. famous both tor Philofophic and ChrHlian ' e:'uics, . 
 after whiclihe is laid by fome fto have jjublicly profelTcd Riictoricand 
 Eloquence ; as indeed there feems a more j^eculiar vein of Fanfie and 
 Rhetoric to run through thofe fragments of his Difcourfes which do 
 
 vet
 
 The Life of S. D i o n v s i u s Alexnndnmn, 285 
 
 yet remain. But I can fcarcc Ix'licvc tliar the Dromfnu mcnrinncd by 
 Ati.ijialius and Abximus^ and by t Ik in laid ot a Klictoncian to be made 
 Biiliop o\ Alexdndrij^ to have been the lame with ours, were it lor no 
 other rcafon, than that he laid to luve written Sihdui on the WorKs 
 of ii. Ivv/vf the .■irerp.iptt\ which we are u ell allured had no king in 
 the World till many years after his time. Jn>'. (JC XWIi. Demetrnis 
 Bilhopof .-i/cAv.'/////-/.7 being dead, I ierMlui one oi Ori^eiis ijcholars, and 
 hislucceilbr in i\\cCc^\t:chf tic School^ fucceedeil in his room; upon whole 
 preterment D!cH\ltnshx\\c\\ Presbyter ot that Church was advanced to 
 liis place. Wherein he dil'charged himlelf with lb much care and dili- 
 gence, luch univerfal applaufe and fatisfachon, that u}X)n Heradai his 
 death, who fate filteen orfixtecn years, none was thought fo fit to be 
 again his lliccellbr as Dionv/iuSy who accordingly entred upon that .See "'Lujd'.tb. 
 .r^w.CCXV I. though EHJehius his Chromcon \>hccs it two years after, *'^^^^**" 
 Fhtl/pp/ Imp. Ann. y .cxyrctty comrary to his Hiftory , where he alligns 
 the third year of that Emperour, for the time of his confecration to that 
 place. 
 
 II. T H E firft years of his Epilcopal charge were calm and peaceable, 
 till Decius fucceedmg in the Empire Ann. (;CXl.I\. turned all into 
 hurry and combuftion, }x;rfecuting the C.hriflians with the utmoU vio- 
 lence, w hereof the Church of AU-.wuidna had a heavy portion. Indeed 
 the Perfecution there had liegun t a year before, \vh\ie Fh/f/p theEmpe- l^ifj^idc'^i 
 rourwas yet alive, upon this occafion: A certain Genttle Prieflor Poet f.256. ' 
 led the Dance, exciting the People of that place ( naturally prone to 
 fuperllition ) to revenge the quarrel of their gods. Tiie multitude once 
 railed, ran on with an uncontrolable fury, accounting cruelty to the 
 Chriflians, the only inliance of piety to their gods. Immediately they 
 lay hands upon one Metras an aged inan, w ho refufmg to blafpheme his 
 .Saviour, they beat him with clubs, pricked him in the face and eves with 
 iharp Heeds, and afterwards leading him into the Suburbs, floned him. 
 The next they fei/edon was a Woman called Qianfj^ whom they car- 
 ried to the Temple, where having refufed to worlhip the Idol, Ih'e was 
 dragged by the feet through the ftreets of the City over the Iharp llints, 
 dalhed againlt great (lones, fcourged with w hips, and in the lame place 
 difpatched by the fame death. Apo/wni.i an ancient \'irgin being ap- 
 prehended, had all her teeth dalhed out, and was threatned to be burnt 
 alive, who only begging a little relpite, of her own accord chearfully 
 leapt into the flames. Incredible it is i^but that the ak is evident from 
 more inftances tlian one ) w ith how fond a \eiicration the Ciiurch of 
 y^owf celebrates the memory of this Martyr*. They infinitely extol y^'^-BoiLoJ. 
 her for the nobility of her Birth, the eminent piety and vertues of her fjrix. * 
 1 ite, her chaflity, humilit) , irequent fallings, fervent devotions, Cfr. 
 (though not one h liable ot all this mentioned by any ancient Writer^ 
 bring in avoice from Heaven ftiling her, the Spou/e oj Chr/Jl, and telling 
 her, that God had granted her w hat Ihe had asked. They make her 
 the tutelar Goddcfs or Guardian o\ all that are troubled with the tooth 
 or headach , and in many folemn Ollices of that Church, pray that at 
 her interccilion God would cure them of thole pains; nay formally ad- 
 drefs their prayers to her, that llie would intercede with God for them 
 on that l>clulf, and Iv her F^ffion iLtJinjor them ( they are the very 
 words of the Pra\er ) the remifioH tf all the liHi nhuh with teeth and 
 mouth they had committed throu'gh gluttony tud fpejkiHg. Innumerable 
 
 are
 
 28^ 7h Life of S. D i o n y s i u s Alexandrmus. 
 
 are the miracles reported oFlier, and to me, it fcems a miracle, and to 
 
 exceed all the reft, were it true, what is related of the vafl: number ot' 
 
 her teeth. For befides thofc which are preferved among the Reliques 
 
 • Vtlchemnn.o'i foreign Churches ( which are not a few) we are *told, that when 
 
 tx.im.Concti. King ^^'uvW, then afflifted with the Tooth-ach, commanded that all 
 
 Ijtuq'ss]'. S. W/vj//tfwd's teeth in the Kingdom Ihould befougiit out and fent him; 
 
 ij.wZi. * fo many were brought in, thatfeveral great Tuns could not hold them. 
 
 It fecms they were refolved to make her ample r/,iiends for thofe few 
 
 teeth Ihe loll at the time of her Martyrdom. But it is time to return 
 
 to the Alexartdrian Perfecution, where they every where broke open. 
 
 the Chi-iftians houfes, taking away the beft of their goods, and burnmg 
 
 what was not worth the carrying away. A Chriftian could not ftir out 
 
 day or night, but they prefently cried out, Aivay with him to theftre. la 
 
 which manner they continued, till quarrelling among themfelves they 
 
 fell foul upon one another, and gave the Chriftians a little breathing 
 
 time from the purfuits of their malice and inhumanity. 
 
 in. I N this poflure ftood affairs when Decius having ufurped the 
 Empire, routed and killed his Mafter Philip,his Edid arrived at Alexan- 
 drij, which gave new life to their rage and cruelty. And now they 
 fall on a frefh, and perfons of all ages, qualities, and profeffions are ac- 
 cufed, fummoned, dragged, tortured, and executed with all imaginable 
 *]bid.f.z^i. feverity; multitudes of whom, * Dionyjius particularly reckons up, toge- 
 ther with the manner of their martyrdom and execution. Vafl: numbers 
 fii!'.c42.;.24o. f that fled for ihelter to the Woods and Mountains, met with a worfe 
 death abroad, than that which they fought to avoid at home, being fa- 
 milhed with hunger and thirft , ftarved with cold, over-run with difea- 
 ies, furprized by thieves, or worried by wild beads, and many taken 
 by the Arnis and barbarous Saracens, who reduced them into a flate 
 of flavery more miferable than death it felf. In this evil time though 
 many revolted from the Faith, yet others maintained their ftation with 
 a firm and unfhaken courage, and feveral who till that moment had been 
 ftrangers and enemies to the Chnllian Religion, on a fudden came in 
 and publicly profefTed themfelves Chriftians in open defiance of thofe 
 immediate dangers that attended it. Whereof one inftance may fuffice. 
 One who was thought to be a Chriftian, and ready to renounce his Re- 
 ligion, being led into the place of Judicature, AmmoH^Zeno, and the reft 
 of the military Guard that ftood at the door, derided him as he was 
 going in, gnalhing upon him with their teeth, and making fuch grimaces, 
 fuch mimic and antique geftures, that all mens eyes w ere upon them. 
 When behold on a fudden before any one laid hand upon them, they 
 came into open Court, and unanimoufly profefted themfelves to be 
 Chriftians. An accident wherewith the Governors and the Aflellbrs upon 
 the Bench were ftrangely furprized and troubled. The condemned 
 were chcarful and couragious, and moft ready to undergo their tor- 
 ments, while the Judges themfelves were amazed and trembled. Sen- 
 tence being pafled upon them, they went out of Court in a kind of 
 pomp and ftate,rejoicing in the teftimony they were to give to the Faith, 
 and that God would fo glorioufly triumph in their execution. 
 
 IV". S. DIONISWS bore a part in the common Tragcedy, though 
 
 God was pleafed to preferve him from the laft and fcvereft a6V,as a perlon 
 
 "Kp'jJ.DiotiM eminently ufeful to his Church. No fooner had * Sab/nus the Pro'fe^ 
 
 J;"^'^'''^"- received the Imperial Orders, but he immediately difjpatched a Fmmen- 
 
 tariHS.
 
 The Life of S. D i o n y s i u s Alcxandrinui. 287 
 
 tarius^ or military OfTiccr ( v^Iiofc place ir was to fcize Delinquents, aiul 
 enquire out feditious reports and pra>:Hces againll the State, and iherc- 
 fore particularly belonjjed to Judges and (iovernours ot Pro\inces J to 
 ajiprehend liim. '1 lie ^erjtant \sent all about, and narrowly ranfacked 
 t\ ery corner, fearcliing all wa) s and places w here he thouglit he might 
 liide himfelt, hut in the mean time never learclied his own lioufe, con- 
 cluding he would not dare to abide at home, and yet there he Haid four 
 days together, cxjic^lingtlie Olliccrs coming thither. At lengtii being 
 warned ot God, he kit his houfe witli his lervants and Come of the 
 Brethren that attended him, but not longatter iell into the lundsot the 
 .Souldiers, and having received his fentence, was condu>:kd byaCiuard 
 under the command and condu«Et of a Centurion and I'omc other Ollicers 
 to lupofiris^ a little Town between Ales.ihflria and C.imfi/f, there pro- 
 bably to be beheaded w itli lels noifc and clamour. It happened in the 
 mean while that Ttmotheus oneot his friends, knowing nothing ot his 
 apprchenfion, came to the houre wliere he had been, and finding it cm- 
 pt)', anda Guard at tlie door, (led alter him in a great amazement and 
 dillra£lion,whom a Country man meeting upon theKoad,enquiredot him 
 the caufc w liy he made fo much iiall. He probably fuppofing to have 
 heard fome news ot them, gave him a broken and imperie-v-t relation of 
 the matter. The man was going to a Wedding leaf! ( w hich there they 
 were wont to keep all night ) ami entering the houfe told his company 
 what he had heard. They heated withWme, and elevated with mirth, 
 rofe all up and ran out of doors, and with a mighty clamour came to- 
 \s ards the place where he w as. The Guard hearing fuch a noife and 
 confufion attiiat time of nigiit, lelt their Prifonerand ran away,whom 
 the rabble coming in found m bed. The good man fuppofing them to 
 be Thieves, was reaching hiscloaths that lay by him t()gi\e them ; but 
 they commanded him to rife prefently and go along with them, whereat 
 Iicbefought them ( underflanding now the errand upon which they 
 came ) to difmifs him and depart, at leafl to be fo kind to him, as to take 
 the Souldiers Office upon them, and themfcKes behead him. While he 
 was thus pallionately importuning them, they forced him to rife, and 
 when he had thrown himlelf upon the ground, they began to drag him 
 out by the hands and feet, but quitted him not long after, and returned 
 it's like to their drunken fports. This Trage-comic Scene thus over, 
 Cjiks and Iwtjtui^ Fcur and P^wl, Preibyters, and \\\s fellow -prifoners, 
 took him up, and leaving the Town, fet him upon an .Afsjand conveyed 
 him away *into a defolate and uncomfortable part o\ the Defarts ox'ViJ.r.pp^m 
 I.yfu^ where he together with Pefer and O/.o, lay concealed, till the ^'f^.^Tzg^ 
 llorm was over-paft. 
 
 V. T H E Perfecution being in a great mcafurc blown over by the 
 death of Decius^ D/on\/ius came out of his Solitudes, and returned to 
 ^//c'.v.Wr/j, where he found the aflhirsof his Church infinitely entangled 
 and out of order, cfpecially by reafon of thofe great numbers that had 
 denied the Faith, and lapfcd into Idolatry in the late Perfecution, 
 among which were many of the wealtiiy and the honourable, and who 
 had places of authority and power ; fome freely renouncing, others io 
 far degenerating from the Gallantry of a Chrillian fpirir, that when 
 cited to appear and facrificc to the god.s ( as he tells us f )they trembled, t '{';'„''• '■^''• 
 and looked as pale and gaftly, as if they had come not to offer, but to le '' '' ' 
 made a facriljce, infomuch that tlie \ ery Gentiles derided and defpiled 
 
 them.
 
 ^88 The Life of S. D i o n y s i u s AlexandrmuL 
 
 them. Mofl of thefe after liis return fucd to Le readmitted to the Com- 
 munion of the Church, which theEcclefiaflic Difciphne of thofe Times 
 did not eafily allow of, cfpccially after the AViv/vdw principles began to 
 prevail, w hich denied all communion to the lapfed, though exprelLng 
 their forrow by never fo long and great a penance. Upon what cc- 
 cafion Noz\Jtiis and his partner Nvzar/.w firft llarted this rigorous and 
 fcvcre opinion, how eagerly Cyprian and the /ifrkan Bifliops flickled 
 againfl it, how far it was condemned loth there and at P.cme^ m 
 what cafes and by %\ hat meafures of Penance the lapfed Penitents 
 were to betaken in, we have already noted in Cyprians Life. S.Dic- 
 iiyfuis was of the moderate Party, wherein he had the concurrence 
 ^EPifiadFab of moft of tlic EajkrH Bifliops, and as he * pleads the general judg- 
 ,w c.42.f "ment and praflice of the holy Martyrs, many of whom had before 
 -•^'- their death received the lapfed upon their repentance again into the 
 
 Church, and had themfehes freely communicated with them. Whofe 
 judgment he thought it not reafonable Ihould be defpifed, nor their 
 prac! ice controlled, nor the accuflomed order overturned. Indeed he 
 himfelf had ever oblerved this courfe , and therefore at the begin- 
 ti2';^c.44. "i"g o^ ^^'^^ Perfecution had given t order to the Presbyters of the 
 f. 146." ' Church to reftore peace, and givetheEucharift to Penitents, efpecially 
 in danger of death, and where they had before earneflly defired it. 
 Which wasdone accordingly, as appears from the memorable inflance of 
 Serapicn ^zi\ aged perfon, mentioned by him, who having lapfed in the 
 time of Perfecution, had often defired reconciliation, but in that confu- 
 fcd time could not obtain it : but being fuddenly furprized by a fum- 
 mons of death, and having laid three da) sfpeechlefs,_ on the fourth had 
 only fo much ufe of his tongue rellored him,* as to bid his Nephew, a 
 Boy that attended him, go tor one of the Presbyters, to give him abfo- 
 lution, without w hich he could not die. The Presbyter was at that 
 time fick, but pitying the mans cafe, gave the Boy a little part of the 
 confecrated Eucharift, w hich he kept by him, bidding him raoiflen it, 
 and put it into his mouth. Which was no fooner done, but he brea- 
 tlied out his foul with unfpeakable comfort and fatisfaftion, that he now 
 died in communion with the Church. 
 
 VI. NOR was his care herein confined to his fingle Diocefs, but he 
 wrote letters about this matter to mofl of the eminent Bifhops and Go- 
 vernours of the Church. And that he might leave nothing unattempted, 
 he treated with Novatian (or as he calls him Novatus") himfelf, endea- 
 vouring by all mild and gentle methods to reduce him to the peace and 
 order of the Church. His Epiflle to him, being but Ihort and very pa- 
 
 1 1W.C.45. thctical, we iliall here fubjoinf. 
 f. 247. 
 
 DyonyftHS to Novatus our Brother, greeting : 
 
 FOrafmuch as you your [elf confefs^ you were unwi/lingly drawn into this 
 SchiJ?/}, wake it appear fo hy your willing and ready returning to the 
 , church. For letter it were tofuffer any things than that the Church of God 
 
 fhould he rent afunder. Nor u it lejs glorious to fuffer Martyrdom upon 
 . , > this account , than in the cafe of not facriflcing to Idols. Tea^ in my mind 
 
 much more honourable. For in the one cafe a man juffers only for his own 
 foul^ lut in this he undergoes Martyrdomfor the whole Church of God. And 
 if now thou fhJt perjuade aud reduce thy brethren to peace and concord, thy 
 
 merit
 
 The Life ofS. D i o n y .<? i u s Alexnn drums. 2S> 
 
 merit will cut-w('iqh fly crinu: I he one will not he cLir^eff fo thy rcprojih^ 
 and thf vthtr will h: MthtunaJ to thy pr.:tlf. Attd jupfje thcu fi:.ili net Ic 
 able to perjitaJe them^ yet hmi'czrr j.ive th\ .1 » A.///. / pr.i\ rl ,t fhou nuivtjf 
 live pcite.il'h^, atidjarewel tn the J orrl, 
 
 Vlf. NO fofMicr lu>.l !k- Well ikI ill-. i.aiiJsiii tiiis but he w as ciij^jgcd 
 in anotlicrcontrovxrCif, which iinolvcd and dirturbcd the w h.;lc Lhn- 
 llian C hiiicli, I mt-an that concerning the rcbapti/ing thole wlio had 
 been bipri/ed hy Heretics, (b hotly dilj'utcd Ittvsecn S.r »/>//.;« and 
 Stephen liiiho^ oi Rom: * />/(7;/v/;/a together with />»////./;/ liiflioj) of I!!'^'!'^"^ 
 Calarea 'xnCiippjdvu.i^ and a great many others in the E.ij!^ Hocxl on C\- ~ 
 prion's Tide, maintaining that they ought to lie baptized. IJut hovKevcr 
 carried himfelf in it with great temjx. rand moderation; he diflingnilhcd 
 between .Apollatcs who had received their baptifm in the C atholic 
 Church, and t hole upon their return they did not baptize (asC^pr/.-.M 
 ahb atfirins ) but only admitted by impofition ot hands, and tliis rule 
 and pra^JHcc, he tells us f, he had learned trom his predecelfor /Arjt/.;, .■ * ibx.T.f.z^i. 
 but then lor pure Heretics, who had no otiier baptifm than what had 
 ba-n conferred by Heretical perlbns,;^ which in reality was null and of 
 nocflert)thele bethought fit to be entered into the Church by Catho- 
 lic baptifm. IkTidcs that, he engaged more as a ^fediator, than a Part)-, 
 writing to Pope Sttphcn toufe moderation in the cafe, as he did alfo to 
 Sistm his fuccellbr, and mod other liiOiops of that time. Indeed that 
 he was not fliti and rigorous in his lentimcnts, may apjxrar from the in- 
 flancc he relates' in his Kpiftle to Pope Sixtin, wherein he Ix-gs his ad- * IM. c. 9. 
 vice. A certain man in his Church, who went among the Claifc of the f-^54- 
 faithful, both in his and his PredecefTors days, beholdmg the form and 
 manner of Baptifm as it wasadminillred among the Orthodox, came to 
 Dionyfiiis^ and with tears bewailed his own cafe, and tailing athisftct, 
 contelled that the Baptifm which he had received among the Heretics 
 was nothing like this, but full of blafphemy and impiety ; that tbr 
 this rcafon he was infinitely troubled in confcience, and durfl not lift 
 up his eyes to Heaven, lagging that he might partake of the true and 
 finccre Baptilin, and that grace and acceptation that was conferred by 
 it. This Dipnylitis would not admit, telling him that his long commu- 
 nion with the Cliurch was equivalent to it, that he that had fo often 
 been prefent at the giving of thanks, and faid Atmn 10 i\\q prayers of tlic 
 Congregation, that had Uood before the holy Table, and had taken the 
 holy food into his hands, and been fo very long partaker of the body 
 ancl blood of our Lord Jefus Chr//f^ that having done tliusfor fo many 
 years together ,he durfl not admit him to another Baptifm: bidding jiini 
 to be of good chear, and with a firm faith and a gootl confcience ap- 
 proach the holy Sacrament. .All which notwithflanding did not ijuict 
 the mans minJ, but tlut flill he droopt under his fears and fcrnples, 
 durft not be prelent at the 1 ords Table, nor could hardly be pcrliiadcd 
 to come to the public Prayers. What anfwcr Sixtus returned to this 
 inftancc, is uncertain, but by this it is evident, that S. Dionyfius was no 
 zealot tor the contrary opinion, though it mult be confellcd, there was 
 fomething prticular in this, that occunc-d not in ordinary calls, lie prc- 
 fuming that fo long a communion with the Churcli, fo continual and 
 open a protertion of the Orthodox Faith did tantamount a lacing le- 
 gally initiated and bapti/cdinto it. 
 
 1^ P VIII. IN
 
 2 so Vjc Life ^/S. D I o N Y s 1 u s AkxnndriJim. 
 
 Vill. IN thefccontefls lie paiTed over the lliort reign o[Ga//:is, De- 
 '^Dwi.EpiJi.iJ eras liis fuccellor, who not taking warning * by his predeceflbrs crrour, 
 Hsrnurunuh- (\uniblcd at the fame ftonc. And when he found all things quiet and 
 .-.I./.. 250. pgjceable, mufl: needs fall a perfecuting the Chriflians, whole prayers 
 witJi Heaven iecured the peace and profperity of the Empire. But this 
 alas w as but a preparatory ftorm to that which followed in the reign of 
 *1hid.c.\o. Faieriart, whom our Dionyfius '\ mzkcs to be the Benjl in the Rfvelatio»y 
 /■25J- to whom IV lis given a mouth jpeakinggreat things^ and hlajfhemies^atid power 
 
 was giien unto him to continue forty and two months. He was at firll ex- 
 ,, traordinarily kind to Chriflians beyond any of the precedent Empe- 
 
 rours, even thofe who were themfclvcs accounted Chriftians : fo tliat 
 his wliole Family was full of pious and good men, arid his houfe a kind of 
 Church. But this weather w as too lair and benign to laft long : Being 
 feduced and deluded by an Arch-Magician of £gy/'/^, he was prevailed 
 with to fall from his kindnefs, and to perfecute the Chriflians, whom 
 the Conjurer reprefented as perfons, who by wicked and execrable 
 diarms hindred the Emperours profperity, colouring his pretence from 
 their power over Damons^ whofe mifchievous Arts they abftradfed, 
 and whom they ordinarily baniflied with the fpeaking of a word ; and 
 perfuading him that to urge the Gentile Rites, to maintain Luflrations, 
 .Sacrifices, Divinations by the blood and intrailsof Men andBeafts, was 
 the ready w-ay to make him happy. Whereupon Edicts were every 
 where publiihed againfl the Chriflians, and they without the leafl pro- 
 te£lion expofed to the common rage. 
 » Ep. ejus ad IX. O RD ERS being come to Alexandria, Dionyjius * accompanied 
 Germ-iLcn. ^yj^j^ foiTieof liis Clergv, addicfTed himfelfto ^w///j«the Governour, 
 ^" ^•'^* who did not at firfl downright forbid him to hold their folemn Aflem- 
 
 blies, but endeavoured to perfuade him to leave of!^ that way of Wor- 
 fhip , prefuming others would quickly follow his example. The an- 
 fwer he returned was fliort and Apoflolical, that ive mujl obey God rather 
 than men, openly alluring liim, that he would worfhip the true God, 
 and none but him, from which refolution he would never ftart, nor 
 ever ceafe to be aChriflian. The Governour told them, that both by 
 word and writing he had acquainted them with the great clemency of 
 the Emperours towards them, permitting them to be fafe, if they would 
 but aft agreeably to nature, and adore the Gods that were Proteclors 
 of the Empire, and he hoped they would be more grateful than, to re- 
 fufe it. The Bilhop replied, that every one worfhippcd thofe w horn 
 they thought to be gods, that as for themfelves they adored and ferved 
 that one God, \\A\o is the Creator of the World, and who gave that 
 Government to the Emperours, and to whom they offered up dayly 
 prayers for the permanency and liability of their Empire. To which 
 the other rejoined, that if he were a god, none hindred them from wor- 
 Hiipping him together with them who w^ere truly gods, they being en- 
 joined to worfliip [not one, but ] gods, and thofe whom all men owned 
 to be fo. Dionyfuu anfwered, W e cannot worjhip any other. " I fee, rc- 
 " plied /Emilian, that you are a company of foolilh and ingrateful 
 " people, and not fenfible of the favour of our Lords the Emperours : 
 " wherefore you fhall flay no longer in this City, but be fcnt to Cephro 
 " in the parts of Lyhia, for thither according to the Emperours com- 
 " mand, I refolve to banilh you. Nor fliall either you, or any of your 
 " Scd have leave to keep your meetings, or to frequent your Cffr/tcteria ; 
 
 " which
 
 Ik Life <?/ S. D I o N Y s I u s Alexnndrinui. 2^ i 
 
 *• which if any dare to attempt, it flull be at his peril, and he Hull le pii- 
 '• niihcd lliirably to lijs crime. Ik i^oiie tlicrCtorc to the pljcc allot- 
 " ted } oil. 
 
 X. TH F. fentencc was fpetdily put iiito execution, I'^'ruvfitn ihoiigli 
 then Tick, not being allowed one da) s alpitetorecovLT hinilcH, or pro- 
 vide for his journey tlutiier. Indeed when he came dillin:Hy to under- 
 lland the place of his exile, he wa-, u little troubled, knowing it to Ic a 
 place ileftitute ot the lixiety ol gooil men, and peri>etualK expofcd to 
 the incurfjons of 1 hicves and Kobbers; but was letter latisficxi ulien 
 told th.u it was near a great and populous C:ity, w hofe tieighl)Ourli(Jod 
 would furnHh him with perfons botli tor ( onvcrfe, and for opportuni- 
 ties of Convedlon. Cephro was the molf rude and barbarous 'J'ra>;t of 
 
 the Lyhtati Dcfart, and Colytl'ius (^wUkhis* N/cfphnu tells us,wasthat '^^-^ f'o 
 particular partol it to which J>/ony/tits was defigned ) the moll uncom-'^°^" 
 tortable it's like of all the red. Thither therdore was he ftnt, whom 
 great numbers of Chriflians quickly followed, partly from AUx.indna^ 
 and partly out of other parts of P-g\pt. At his firfl arrival he was trea- 
 ted with rudenefs and lliou rs of flones, but had not been long thtre, be- 
 fore he not only civilized their barbarous manners, but reclaimed them 
 trom idolatry, and brought them to embrace the Chriflian Faith. .And 
 as he met with fuccefs, fo he (hiftcd his quarters, preaching up and 
 down thofe wild and difconfolate })arts, and turning the Wildernefs 
 into a ( hurch. Nor could all the malice and threatnings of the Gover- 
 nour hinder, but that the ( hriftians llill aflembled at AlexanAn.-i^ not- 
 withftanding that their belo\ed Billiop was ravilhed from them, and 
 that A-milnin proceeded w ith the utmt>ff rigour againfl all that were 
 brought before him, killing many w ith all the arts of cruelty, keeping 
 others for the rack and torment, loading tliem with cliains, and thrufl- 
 ingthem intofqualid and nally Dungeons, forbidding any of their friends 
 to come near them. Though even in the height of thefe afTliclions 
 God fup|K)rred their fpirits, and animated others to venture in, and to 
 adminiftcr comfort and neceflarics to them, not fcrupling though with 
 the peril of their heads to interr the bodies of the Martyrs. 
 
 XI. HOW long Dionyfuis continued in his baniihmcnt, I find not, 
 probably till rJerun was taken cajnive by the King of /V///./, Ann. 
 CCXIX. when Cjil/enus his Son ruled alone, who from the unhappi- 
 nefs of his Father took the meafurcs of his carriage towards the Chri- 
 flians: he faw that while he favoured the ( hrittians, Hc-aven fmiled 
 upon his defigns, and things went on in a fmooth and uninterrupted 
 courfe ; but when once he b^an to bear hard upon them, the Tide tur- 
 ned, and the divine vengeance purfued and overtook them, and that 
 therefore nothing could l)e more prudent and reafonable, than togi\'ea 
 check to the prelent fury , and fufTer them to go on fecurely in theexer- 
 
 cifc of their Reliiiion, which he did by this following Edi:l *. * '-^'M- i-t- 
 
 P p 1 Fmpcroui
 
 n^2 The Life ef S. D i o n y s i u s Akxandrinm. 
 
 Emperour Cafar P. Licinm GALLIENUS, 
 ?m, Feltx , Augiiiltts, to Dionjfus , Vinnas, 
 Demetrius, and the reft of the Biiliops. 
 
 WE have given Order that the Indulgence of our boun- 
 ty [hall be extended throughout the World:, that all 
 Religious -places fhall be freed }ro?n force and violence. 
 Wherefore ye alfo may freely enjoy the benefit of our Refer ipty 
 fo as no man fhall dare to vex or mole ft you, and what yoii 
 now may lawfiUy enjoy has been long fince granted by Vs. 
 And for this end Aurclius Cyrcnius Our High Steward jhall 
 /^eep the Copy of this EdiSl which we have now graiited. 
 
 The like Refcript he alfo fent to other Bifliops, giving them the free 
 leave of their Cccmetena^ the places where they buried their dead, and 
 often adembled for their Religious Solemnities, efpecially the memo- 
 rials of the Martyrs. 
 
 XII. SCARCE was Dionyfius quietly refetled at home, when he 
 was alarm'd by another accident, which forced him for a while again, 
 if not to retire, at leafl to keep fo clofe, that he was not capable to exe- 
 *r,.?oU.invit.c\xtt his charge. * JEm'ilianus the Prafe^ partly by his own ambition, 
 yEmii.p.Tj'i. and partly forced by an unhappy accident wherein he was involved, 
 f/tni'^ ^'''^" took the Empire upon him, the Ruman Army in Egypt joyning with him, 
 partly out of diflike to GaUienus, partly out of aftedion to /Emihan^ 
 who was a brisk active man. Immediately he feized upon the Store- 
 houfes, tliat Country being the common Granary of the Empire. Cal- 
 liertus being acquainted with the news, ordered Tbeodotus his General 
 to march with an Army into thofe parts, who befieged Alexandria, and 
 reduced the City to great extremit}'. For they were not more vigo- 
 iDionyf.F.pift. roufly aflaulted by tlie enemy from without, than undermined f by 
 "^ T'"^266 '* Parties and Factions within, the City being divided into two Fadions, one 
 contending for Galliems, and the other for /Emllian. So that there was 
 no converle nor commerce between them, Dionyfius being compelled in all 
 his private affairs., and the public concernment of his Church to ti-anfact 
 with his friends by Letters, it being fafer, as he tells us, for a man to tra- 
 vel from Eaft to M'f/?, than to pafsirom one part of Alexandria to ano- 
 ther, fo barbarous and inhumane were the outrages committed tliere. 
 The ilTue was, that Gallie>ms his Party prevailed to let in Theoelotus and 
 his Army, who feized the Tyrant, and fent him to the Emperour, who 
 caufed him to be flrangled in Prifon. 
 
 XIII. HOW ftormy and tempefluous is the Region of this Lower 
 World! One Wave perpetually prefling upon the neck of ano- 
 ther. The Perfecution was feconded l)y a Civil War and a cruel Fa- 
 mine, and that no fooner over, but a terrible Plague followed dole 
 at the heels of it; one of the moll dreadful and amazing Judg- 
 ments which God fends upon mankind. It over-ran City and C «un- 
 
 try.
 
 The Life of S, D I o N Y s I u s Alexnndrinui. 25)3 
 
 try, fwcvping away wliat the tur) ui the iatc Wars had left, there 
 not lu\ing Leen Krou 11 ( (aitli the Hidorian' ) in any Age lb greata *a,'^""' - ■ 
 dcflriulion of mankind. This Fell ilencc C which fomc lay * came lirfl i^^V' 
 outot AJhiopia ) began in tlie reign o\ Callus and I olnfuui, and evcr w«.(;.iii.;in. 
 I'lnce more or lefs Draggled over moll parts of the Roman Empire, and '''35^'^'y- 
 now kept its fatal relidence at Ah-s,welna^ where by an impartial fe- ; 924.'" '' ^' 
 verity it mowed down botli Gentiki and Chrillians, and turned the /'./- 
 yc/.u/folemnity ( it beingtiicn the timcfof £.///t/-) into days of ueepinR '' ^-'■'"V '"• 
 and mourning, all places were filled with dying groans, and forrows ^.^. '--•'' ■•^*^- 
 ther f)r iViends already de.ul, or tliole that uere ready to depart 
 it being now, as formerly under that great /T^y/'/zj;; Plague, and fome- 
 thing worll^r/'frd" was a^reat cry in Eppt^for there udf not an I'ouje where 
 there was not only one^ but m.my (fead. \\\ this (ad and mifcrable time how 
 vaflly diflcrcnt was the carriage of the Chriflians and the Heathens. 
 The ChriHiansout of tlie fuperabundancc of their kindnefs and charity 
 without an) regard to their own health and life, boldly Ventured into 
 the thickell dangers, dayly vifiting, allifling, and minillring to their fick 
 and inle^led brethren, chearfull) taking their pains and dillempers up- 
 on them, and thcmfelves expiring u ith them. And when man) of thole 
 whom they thus attended, recovered and lived, tlic) died themfeU es 
 as if by a prodigious and unheard of charity, they had willingly taken 
 their difeafes upon them, and died to fa\ e them Irom death. And thefe 
 tlie mofl confiderable botli of C Icrcy and People, chearfiilly embracing 
 a death that defervcd a title little Tefsthan tiiat of Martyrdom. Tliey 
 embraced the bodies of the dead, clofed their eyes, laid iliem our 
 waihed and drellcd ihcm up in their funeral weeds, took them upon 
 their Ihouldcrs, and carried them to their Graves, it not being long be- 
 fore others did tlie fame odiccs for them. The Gentiles on the contrary 
 put o(I allfenfe of humanity, when any began to fall Tick, they prefently 
 cart them out, ran from their dcarert friends and relations, and either 
 left them half dead in the high.wa)s,or threw them out as foonasthey 
 Were dead, dreading to tall under the fame infection,which yet with all 
 their care and diligence they could not avoid. 
 
 XIV. NOR were thefe the only troubles the good man was cxer- 
 cifcd with, lie hadcontefls ofanother nature that fwallowed up his rime 
 and care. Salcllius a L//^vj«, born at Vtvlemais-x City o{ Wnt^ipola^ jiad 
 lately rtartcd * dangerous notions and opinions about the doclrin of the '^/wi.^//?. 
 holy Trinity, affirming the Father, Son, and Holy Ghofl, to be but one ^^2^52.^ 
 fubfiflence,one jx-rfon under three fevcral names, u hicli in tlie time of'-6.f. 26^.41 9. 
 the Old Teflament gave the I aw under the notion of the Father, in 
 the New, was made man in the capacity of the Son, and defcended al- 
 .terwards upon the .ApoQIes in the quality of the Holy Ghoft. Dion), 
 fius as iK'camc a vigilant Pallor of liis Flock, prefently undertakes the 
 man, and w hile he managed the caufe w ith too mucii eagcrnefs and ter- 
 vcncyof difputation, he bent the flick too much the other way, allLrt- 
 ing not only i-n^rrlx rvV •Cam'dc^'j^Y t, a dirtindlion of Perfons, but Jj:a< t B-<,'' */ 
 .?;af:fai', a difference of Edcnce, and an inequality of Power and Glory. ^-'['-^''yL,'''^' 
 For which he is feverely cenfurcd b)- S. B.'./il and fome of the Ancients, ^ 60. 
 as one of thofe tliat mainly ojxincd tiie gip to thofe Arrian impieties that 
 after broke in upon thi: World. Though S. B.ifil could not but fo t'/;/;.,-r. 
 far do him right, as to lay that it was not any ill meaning, but only an 
 over-vehement defirc to oppofe liis adverfary that betrayed him into 
 
 thofe
 
 25*4 ^-'^ ^^fi <?/ S. D » o N Y s I u s Alexandrttim. 
 
 thofe unwary and inconfidcrate alTertions. Some Bifliops of rentapo- 
 
 lis immediately took hold of this, and going over to Rome reprcfented 
 
 his dangerous crrours; where the cafe was difcufied in a Synod, and 
 
 I etters written to Dionyfius about it, who in a fet Apology anfwcred 
 
 for himfelf, and declared his fenfe more explicitly in this controverfie, 
 
 *DeSc,ucm. as may be fee n at large in * AtkwjJiMs^ who has with infinite pains vin- 
 
 Diomfjom.i. jjcate'd our Dionyfius , his PredecelTor, as a man found and orthodox, 
 
 ^plf.'^od."^' and who was never condemned by the Governours of the Church for im- 
 
 ccxxxi'i. pious opinions, or that he held thofe abominable tenets which Arrius 
 
 col. 901. - ijrojciied afterwards. And certainly S. Bufil might and would have palled 
 
 a milder cenfure, had he either perufed all Dionyfius his Writings, or 
 
 remembred how much he concerned himfelf to clear S. Gregory oiNeoca:- 
 
 J^irea, Diotiyfw.s his contemporary, from the very fame charge, for which 
 
 he could not but confefs he had given too juft occafion. 
 
 XV. NO fooner was this controverfie a little over, but he was cn- 
 ■iEufeb.ihid. gaged in another, t Nepos an Egyptian Bifliop lately dead ( a man emi- 
 c.z^.p.zjo. j^j^i^f f(,j. j^ conftancy in the Faith, his induftry and skill in the holy 
 Scriptures, the many Pfalms and Hymns he had compofed, which the 
 Brethren fung in their public Meetings ) had not long fince fallen into 
 the errour of the Millenaries., and had publilhed Books, to lliew that 
 the promifes made in the Scriptures to good men, were 'lw<rai)t^Tfep;', ac- 
 cording to the fenfe and opinion of the Jews to be literally underftood, 
 and that there was to be a thoujlmd years State upon Earth, wherein they 
 were to enjoy fenfual pleafures and delights. Endeavouring to make 
 , good his aflertions from fome palfages in S. Johns Revelation, lliling his 
 Book "Exef^s aMw^e'swj', A Confutation of Allegorical Expofitors. This 
 Book was greedily caught up and read by many, and advanced into 
 that efteem and reputation, that Law and Prophets, and the Writings 
 of theEvangelifls and Apoflles were negleded and thrown afide, and 
 the do£lrine of this Book cried up, as containing pAyi <n >c, Y.;-x.pviJL[j^lov 
 ixv^t/^ov., fome great and extraordinary myftery, concealed before from 
 the World : the more Simple and Unwary being taught to disband all fub- 
 lime and magnificent thoughts of our Lords glorious coming,the Refurre- 
 ftion and final judgment,and our conformity to him in glory ,and to hope 
 for a ftate in the Kingdom of God, wherein they Ihould be entertained 
 with fuch little and trifling, fuch fading and tranfitory things as this 
 World does afford. Dionyfius being then in the Province of the Arfe- 
 rioit(jc^\\txQ this Opinion had prevailed fo far,as to draw whole Churches 
 into Schifm and Separation, fummoned the Presbyters and Teachers, 
 who preached in the Country Villages, and as many of the People 
 as had a mind to come, advifing them that in their Sermons they would 
 publicly examine this Dodrin. They prefently defended themfelves 
 with this Book, whereupon he began more clofely to join ifllie with 
 them, continuing with them three days together from morning to night, 
 weighing and difcufllng the doftrines contained in it. In all which time 
 • he admired their conftancy and love to truth, their great quicknefs and 
 
 readinefs of underflanding, with fo much order and decency, fo much 
 modefly and moderation were the Difcourfes managed on both fides, 
 doubts propounded , and affent yielded. For they took an efpecial 
 care not pertinacioufly to defend their former opinions, when once they 
 found them to be erroneous, nortoihun any objeftions which on either 
 part were made againft them. As near as might be they kept to the 
 
 prefent
 
 The Lift' fifS. D 1 o N Y s I u s Alcxnndnrdn. 2^\ 
 
 prcfcnt qucflioii, wliirli tlicy cnJcavourcd to make good ; bur if coiv 
 vinccd by argument that they were in the \\ rong, made no lcru|»!c to 
 change their minds, and go over to the other fide, with honell minds, 
 and fincere intentions, and hearts truly devoted ro Ciod, embracing 
 whatever was tiemofill rated by rhe holy Scripnires". The ifKie was, 
 that CorM/vn tlie (omm.mdcr and C hampicm ot t!ie other l^irty, pub- 
 licly promiled and protelkd before them all, thit he would not hence- 
 forth either entertam, or dilpute, or difcourfe, or preach thefe opinions 
 being lurticientl) con\inccdb\ the arguments whicli the other fide had 
 ollercd to him: all tlie Brethren ileparting with mutual love, unani- 
 mity, and fatisfa:tion. Such was the peaceable conclufion of this Meet- 
 ing, and lefs could not be expcv:;Ved from fuch pious and honcft fouls, 
 lucli w ilc and regular Difputes. And happy had it been for the C hri- 
 rtian World, had all thofe coiuro\erfies that have diflurbed the Church, 
 been managexi by fuch prudent and orderly debates, which as ufually 
 conducted, rather widen the breach, than hc-aland mend it. Dionyfna 
 to rtrike the controverfic dead, while hii hand \\ as in, wrote a Book 
 concerning the y'/cwz/ff, ( u hich S. ///<777w, torgetting what he had truly 
 faid *clfewhcrc,that it was written againfl Nepos, tells t us was written */>fhft.in 
 againfl: /rfw,/-;^! Miftiop of /.vw/.f, miliaking the pcrfon probably for his ^/v';^^. ,„/. 
 opinion "i in the firft part whereof he llated the quedion, laid down his 1 8 Cwn-in k/j. 
 fenfe concerning it : in the fecond he treated concerning the Hcie/jfhnrf f' ^42. T. 5. 
 5>. John ( the main Pillar and Huttrefs of this Opinion ) where both by rea- 
 fon and the tellimony of others, he 'contends that it was not written ^"f^'l'/jjl^ 
 by -S. John the ApnjHe and F.v.]n^el/J/,bui by another of that name,and ic- u.i^ 
 count of whofc judgment herein we have reprefented in another place. 
 XVI. THE laft controverfie wherein he was concerned was that 
 againfl Faul o^ S.mwjata Bilhop of Anticch^ who had + confidently ven- ff^'''''-"*''';;^ 
 ted thefe and fuch like impious ^('e;/w.?M, that there is but one perfon in 281. Efith.' 
 the Godhead, that ourblelled Saviour was, though a holy, yet a mcer "^'■'- f^' 
 man, who came not down from Heaven, but was of a mecr earthly ^de s^nJ .^i,n. 
 exrra*fl and original, in whom the word ( which he made nor any thing C? sdcuc.f. 
 d\?('\nt\ from the Father ) did fometimes refide, and fometimes depart 1l°^^J'p^'2^ 
 from him, with abundance of the like' wicked and fenflcfs propofitions. 
 Befides all which he was infinitely obnoxious in Itis morals ( as few men * Efijis-nuxi. 
 but ferve thedefign of fomeluft by Schifm and bad opinions) covetous i.>(fij'i^ -'o. 
 without any bounds, heaping up a vafl eriate( though born a poor mans /'.289.<:3i. 
 fon ") partly by fraud and facriledge, partly by cruel and unjuft vexations 
 of his brethren, partly by fomenting dilTerences, and taking bribes to 
 allift the weaker party. Proud am.! vain-glorious he was beyond all 
 meafure,aHecting Pomp and Train, andlecular Power, and rather to be 
 fliled a temporal Prince than a 13ilhop, going through the flreets and 
 all public places in folemn (late, with pcrfons walking lx:torc him, and 
 crouds of ))eople following alter him. In the (Jiurch he caulul to be 
 erct^ted a Throne higher than ordinary, and a place which he called iV- 
 crctuni, alter the manner of Civil Magiftrates, who in the inner part of 
 tUc Frtcror/im had a place railed in, with Curtains hung before it, where 
 they fate to hear Caufes. He w as wont to clap his hand U)X)n his 
 thigh, and to (lamp with his feet u|>on the Bench, frowning uix^n, and 
 reproacliing thofe, who did not Theatrically Ihout and make a noifc 
 wliile he wasdilcourfing to them,w herein heufedalfo toretlevTt u}x)n his 
 predccellc^rs and the moll eminent prrfons that had been before him,witli 
 
 all
 
 ~(^ XbeLife ^/S. D^ny s i u s Alexandrinm. 
 
 all imaginable fcorn and pctuiancy^ magnitying himlclf as far beyond 
 them. Tiie Hymns that were ordinaniy lung in honour of our Lord, 
 he aboliftied asiareand novel, and in Head thereof taught (omc of his 
 profelyted Females upon the i^V^fr Iblemnity tochauntout foine vvliich 
 iieliad compofed.in his own commendation, to the horrour and ado- 
 nilhmcnt of all that heard them, procuring the Biiliops and Presb} ters 
 of the neighbouring parts to pubUlh the fame things of him in their -Ser- 
 mons to the People, fomeof his Profeiytes not Iticking to affirm, that 
 he was an Jngel come down from Heaven. All which he was fo far 
 from controlUng, that he highly encouraged them, and heard them hini- 
 felf not only with patience but delight. He was moreover vehemently 
 fufpededof incontinency, maintaining o-tu;e«:xxT»5 yubMyicf.s^ juhintrodtxed 
 Women in his houfe, and fome of them perfons of exquifit beauty, con- 
 trary to the Canons of the Church, andtothegreatlcandalof Rehgion. 
 And that he might not be much reproached by thofe that were about 
 him, he endeavoured to debauch his Clergy, conniving at their Vices 
 and Irregularities, and corrupting others with Penfions, and whom he 
 could not prevail with by evil arts, he awed by power, and his mighty 
 , , ,5 interell in the Princes and great ones of thofe parts, fo that they were 
 forced with fadncfs to bewail at home, what they durft not publifli and 
 declare abroad. 
 
 XVII. TO redifie thefe enormities mofl of the chief Bilhopsof the 
 *Eiileh.ih£.^n.Ea(i refolved to meet in a Synod zx. Ant loch *^ to wliichthey earneflly 
 f.2jT.(3 f.30. invited our Dionyfnu. But, alas, age and infirmities had rendred him in- 
 capable of fuch a journey, and had given him a Writ of Eafc, upon which 
 account he begged to be excufed from it. But that he might not be 
 wanting in what he could, he fent Letters, wherein he declared his fenfe 
 and opinion of thofe matters, and in his Epiille to the Church of An- 
 t'iod\ to Ihew his refentment of the thing, he not only wrote not to the 
 man, but gave him not fo much as the civility of a falutation. In this Sy- 
 nod the crafty Fox hid his head, diflembling his fentiments, and pallia- 
 ting his diforders, and confelTing and recanting what he was not able to 
 conceal, fo that for the prefent he flill continued in his place. How he 
 was afterwards difcovered and laid open, convicted, condemned and 
 depofed in another Synod in that City, and Domnus fubftituted in his 
 room; how he refufed to fubmit to the fentence of the Council, and for 
 fome time maintained his ftation by the power of Zenchia, a Queen in 
 thofe parts, and a Jewijli Profelyte whole favour he had courted and 
 obtained ; and how at laft upon the Bifhops appeal he was turned our, 
 and the Synodical Decree executed by the immediate order of the Em- 
 perour Valerian^ is without the limits of my bufinefs to enquire. 
 
 XVIIL A little after this firfl Synod at Antiocb died our S. Fenys in 
 i- jrid.ib.c.2%. the XII year of Gallknus iAnn. CCLXV. when he had fitten feventeen 
 f.278. years Bilhop of AlexarJr'in^ dying probably the fame year and on the 
 
 fame day with S. Gregory Thaumaturgus^ whofe memories are accordingly 
 celebrated September y^YW/mxhs. Calendar of the Roman Church. His 
 *HiSic/LXix memory was continued at Alexandria ( as we learn from * Ep}pbanius)hy 
 P- 311. a Church dedicated to him, but flourilhed much more in the incompara- 
 
 ble Vertues of his paft life, and thofe excellent Writings he left behind 
 him, which mainly confided of vaft numbers of Epirtles ; and 'tis proba- 
 ble all his Writings were nothing elfe, his larger Trails being written in 
 the nature of Epifllcs. Which were they Ihll extant, in flead of thofe 
 
 little
 
 The Life of S. 1) i o n v s i u s Alexandruniis. 2^7 
 
 - ■ - ' -— - ■ - ■ — -■^. I- ■ 
 
 little fragments prcfervctl by Eujclnut^ licfidcs other advantages, tlicy 
 \niukl prolubl) lurnilh us uitli tl»c inoft material tranfa'Hons of the 
 C hrillian World in thofc times.thenw hicti in thole early i^gcs there was 
 
 not a moreaitivc and bufic period ol ihcChurcli. 
 
 His Writiiii^s, ujiercof fome Fragments only arc now extant, 
 
 Lilcr de TxHttentia aJCotionem Epi- P.piJloLi Juo (£> PxcUfiu: jua nomine 
 
 jccpum I Icrm.ipolitjfiHiti. ad Sistum iSi Eicl. Horn, dt e,j- 
 
 Lileflui de Martyr 10 .id Or/z^/ntnu dcni re. 
 
 De Eromifionilu'i adverjus t^epotem Ad Dion\Jium Romanurrt de Luciano 
 
 Li hi If. Epijhia. 
 
 Ad Dion\ltiim Fomanum adverfus Eptjlola ad Fferryjamnwiiem. 
 
 Saifll/uni^ Lilri IV, Epijlolu ad Donutium (£ Didymum. 
 
 Ad 1 imotheum Ltbri de Natura. Efiijhla ad Compreslyteros Ale.wwd. 
 
 De tentationihus Liber ad Euphran. Ppiftolaad / /liracemEpifc/Kgyptiac- 
 
 Conimentarrus in prirtiam partem Ec- Epijiola de SaLbato. 
 
 ilehalltu Epijiola de Mortalitate. 
 
 Epijiola ad Cornelium Epijcopum Re- De Exercitatione Epijiola. 
 
 manum. Epijiola ad Ammonein Bernenicenfem 
 
 Epijiola ad Stephanum Epifcop. Rom. Epijiopum^coutraSabellikm. 
 
 de Baptifmo. Alia ad Telejphonnn. 
 
 Ad Six turn Papam de Baptijmo Epi- Ad Euphranorem alia. 
 
 jicLe III. Ad Ammonem &" Euporum Epijiola. 
 
 Ad'.erjui Gertn.wum Epifc. Epijiola. Ad Bajdidem Epijcopun) Fentjpolit. 
 
 Epijiola ad Labium A»t lochia: Epilc. Epijiohe plures. Ex liis fupcreft 
 
 Fpilhla ad Novatianum de Schijmate. Epiftola Canonica dc diverfis Ca- 
 
 Epijlola de Farnitentia ad Lrates per pitibus. Extat Gr. L.Tom. i.Cok- 
 
 yEgyptumconjlitiuos. cil. & alibi cum Conamcntario 
 
 Ad gregemjuum Alexa>idrinum Epi- Balfamonis. 
 
 Jiola objurgatoria. Epijiola 'EopTasT/caJ , fen Pafchales 
 
 Epijiola ad Laodice>tos. pi'ir/mo'. 
 
 Epijiola ad Armeniosde Peniteritla. Epijiola ad Ecclejiam Antiochenam 
 
 Epijiola ad Romanos i^-^onvtr. adierjm Paulum Samofaienum. 
 Alia ad erjdem de Pace &* Ptrnitent. 
 
 Ad Confejj'ores Novatianoi Romo! Doubtful, cr rather Suppofititious. 
 
 EpiJinU HI. 
 
 Ad Phtlemonem Presbyterum Roma- Epijiola ad Paulttm Samofatenum Cr. 
 
 num de Baptijmo. L. Concil. Tom. i . 
 
 Epijiola It idem ad Dionyfium Pres- Refponfiones ad Pauli Samofateni de- 
 
 hyterumRom.de B.jptijmo. ctm Quaji tones y Gr. L. ibid. 
 
 The £«^ 0/5". D I O N Y S I U S Alcxandrinus'j Lift-. 
 
 CLq THE
 
 .\\
 
 A 
 CHRONOLOGICAL 
 
 TABLE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 HTlj^cr jfirft ^ges 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Chriitian Church. 
 
 Tatian. Orat. contr. Grxc. p. iS-j. 
 
 Clirylbd. Homil. U. in verb. Efai. vidi Domin. Tom, 3. p. 740. 
 
 ypivoi J^ 31 y^ipoi Tat, "ST^oiyu^rv. ht. fuciv a.?2.rtAzii tnyjtcTrr'fti, ol/Ja 
 hietf^vTii dir a^AnAi'r auTot, )^ jjTj t TE-psCTixw^ txa?a. 2j'a.TJi3rrn$ 
 
 Printed by J. R- tor Richard Chi f^vel it the Roft a^h-ZCrcvn 
 \v\S.Paul\ Cliurch-Yara. MDCLXXXII. 
 
 Qq ^
 
 ^
 
 
 
 A Chronoligkal 
 
 Table. 301 
 
 Ann. Roman 
 Chr. Empcrours. 
 
 Coujuls. 
 
 Ecclc/iaflical Aflairs. 
 
 I 
 
 Augujli. 
 
 C. Julius Grfar Vilpania- 
 
 nib. 
 L. /tinil. Paulas. 
 
 Our Lord's Cimmc/fivH : //is 
 k'/»g prejented in the lemple. ///» 
 flight into Eg)pr. 
 
 Tie Ma^Mie cf the Infants at 
 Dcthlclicin. 
 
 The death cf Herod alout the 
 time of the Pajiover. 
 
 44 
 
 i'. Viniciui Ncpos. 
 P. Alpliinius Varus. 
 
 Archdaus declared Tctrarch 
 c/Judxa. 
 
 3 
 
 45 
 
 L. i^lius Lamia. 
 
 L. Scrvilius Gcminus. 
 
 /// the l>ei inning cj this ( or ra- 
 ther the end if the foregoing year) 
 our Lord returned out tf Eg) pt. 
 
 If IS education and abode ..7 
 Nazareth. 
 
 4 
 
 46 
 
 >iex ^lius Catus. 
 r;. Scnrius Saturninus. 
 
 Auguftus refufes the title oj 
 Lord. 
 
 5 
 
 47 
 
 L. Valerius MclTala. 
 Cn. Cornelius Cinna. 
 
 Creat Earthtjuakes hapned. 
 
 Tiber overflows. 
 
 An Echps rf the Sun, March 
 
 i8. ' 
 
 6 
 
 48 
 
 M. /4-,miI. Lcpidus. 
 L. Arruntius Ncpos. 
 
 Alout this time the leu s and 
 Samaritans accujed Archeiaus, to 
 Augullus, who hanijked htm to 
 Vien //; France. 
 
 8 
 
 IV 
 
 A. Licnius Nerva. 
 
 Q^C cc.Mctcllus C rcticus. 
 
 
 50 
 
 M. Furius C>amillus. 
 S. Nonius Q^in^itilianus. 
 
 
 9 
 
 IC 
 
 fi 
 
 Q^Sulp. Camcrinus. 
 C. I'oppxus Sabinus. 
 
 
 fi 
 
 P. Corn. Dolabclla. 
 C. Junius .Silanus. 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 53 
 
 M . itmil. Lepidus. 
 T.Statilius Taurus. 
 
 The Jew s taxed by C^iiriuus 
 //r Roman Govemour. In thole 
 days role up Judas olGnhlcc, 
 and drew awa) much people af- 
 ter him. lie v (lam, and his two 
 ions ci- unfed. 
 
 Our Lord is generally fiippofed to have been born Dfcem. XW". fix days before the 
 Commencement of the commontyf.ra.Ann.Aiigufii Imp XLII. Fortl-ongh in ItriftnLls t!:c 
 XLIl. year of Augujl ended Ncrj. XXVII. ( accounting his rciiin from his entering upon the 
 Triumvirate) yetleeing the civil Roman year expired not till the lalt of Dec emh. it may bt 
 raid to extend all that timL.-. His XLlll year in common reckoning, aixl the tuTt year of 
 the vulgar t^Era of our Lord commcixing Jan. i. uhen tiie R^rnani UganThtir vt.ar, 
 and the new Confulstook place.
 
 ^0 2 A Chronological Table. 
 
 Chr. 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 Roman 
 Empcrours. 
 
 Cci'ijids. 
 
 Ecclefiaflical Affairs. 
 
 5-\ 
 
 T.Germanicus Cirfar. 
 C. Fonteius Capito. 
 
 By occajion of the Pafsoz'cr our 
 Lord goes up ivitb his Parents to 
 Jcrufalem , and there dijputes 
 with the Ralbins in the Tem- 
 ple. 
 
 5 5 
 
 C. Silius Nepos. 
 L.MunaciusPlancus. 
 
 Auguftus jolemnlj makes his 
 Will J and lays it up ivith tbeYe,- 
 ftal Virgins' 
 
 Auguftus dies, and is interred 
 ivith great funeral honours. Serv. 
 Numerius affirms upon his Oath, 
 that he jaw him ajcend into Hea- 
 
 'ven. 
 
 M 
 
 56 
 
 Tiber im") 
 
 ah > 1 
 Aug.190 
 
 Sex. Pompcius Nepos. 
 Sex. Apuleius Nepos. 
 
 15 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 Drufus J. C^far. 
 C. Norbanus Flaccus. 
 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 T. Statil. Sefenna. 
 L. Scribonius Libo. 
 
 The Magicians and Mathe- 
 maticians banilhed Rome by Ti- 
 berius. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 C. Caslius Rufus. 
 
 L. Pomponius Flaccus. 
 
 ^ 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 Cl.Tib. Nero III. 
 D. German. Cxfar II. 
 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 M. Junius Silanus. 
 L. Norbanus Balbus. 1 
 
 Jofephus cj//f^Caiaphas made 
 High-priejl of the Jews by the 
 favour r/Valerius Gratus the Ro- 
 man Governour. 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 L. Valerius Mellala. 
 M. Aurelius Cotta. 
 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 CI. Tib. Nero IV. 
 Drufus J. Cxfar II. 
 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 C. Sulpicius Galba. 
 
 D. Haterius Agrippa. 
 
 
 2-3 
 
 5 
 
 ic 
 
 C. Afinius Pollio. 
 )C.Anti(liusVetus. 
 
 
 2"^ 
 
 IC 
 
 1 
 
 ) Sex. Cornel. Cethegus. 
 L. Vitellius Varro. 
 
 
 >
 
 A Chronological Table. 
 
 303 
 
 Chr. 
 
 if 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 z8 
 
 2-9 
 
 3^ 
 
 Roman 
 Empcrours. 
 
 7//fr. 1 1 
 
 31 
 
 32- 
 
 33 
 
 I 
 
 II 
 
 3 
 
 
 Confuh. 
 
 Collus Cornel. Lcntulus. 
 M.Afinius Agrippa. 
 
 Cn.CorncJ. Lcntiilus. Gxt. 
 CCalvifius Sabinus. 
 
 tcclcfianical Affairs. 
 
 lm\trAi the end tf this year 
 Pontius I'ilatc is Jent to he Pro- 
 curator of Judara. 
 
 l^ilat commands the Homarl 
 Standards lutb the Intaq^e of Ti- 
 berius upon them to he brought 
 into the lemple to the great o^ence 
 of the Jews. 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 ;8 
 
 19 
 
 xo 
 
 M. I.iciniiisC"ra(Tiis. 
 L. Caiphurnius Pilo. 
 
 Ap. Junius Silanus. 
 P. Silius Ncrva. 
 
 C. Rubellius' 
 C. Fufius 
 
 -Gemini. 
 
 Herod Antipas putting away 
 the daughter of A r etas J\ing oj 
 Arabia, marries Herodias his bro- 
 ther Pliilip'y n-ifc. 
 
 Jofeph our Lord^s reputed ta- 
 ther is by Jome Jaid to deceafe this 
 year. 
 
 C Cadius Longinus. 
 M. Vinucius C^artinus. 
 
 Tiber. Nero Cxfar. V. 
 L. /Elius Sejanus. 
 
 Cn.Domitius ;f.nobarbus. 
 
 A. Viteliius Nepos. 
 [^Suff. M.Fur.CamilJus Scrib. 
 
 Ser.SuIpit. Galba. 
 
 L. Cornelius Sylla. 
 
 John the Baptill begins to 
 preach and to baptize, (^probably ~ 
 about Ahd-fummer, or <it H. Ulher 
 thinks^ Oihb. 19. 
 
 Onr Lord baptized Jan. 6. ha- 
 ving compleated the zy. year of hu 
 agey ana ij. days. 
 
 His firft Pafsover, April 6. 
 
 His fecond Fafsover, March 
 i8. His cure of the Far a lytic at 
 the Pool of Bcthefda. His'jendt,,g 
 out the 1 1 ApoJUes. 
 
 John the liaptift beheaded. 
 
 TZy third /'w/joz'fr, April i.j. 
 4000 fed with 7 loaves. Chrijl's 
 Transfiguration. The LXX. Di- 
 fciples Jent out. Zachxus fo//zrr- 
 ted. Bartimxus cured of hisblind- 
 nefs. 
 
 Lazarus raifed. Our Lord's 
 
 triumphant entry into Jerufalem. 
 The Lord's Supper inf} tinted. The 
 fourth Pafiover. Our Lord ap- 
 prehended , arraigned, crucified^ 
 April 3. rijes again , and afccrJs 
 into Heaven. 
 
 The 7 Deacons chofen. S. Ste- 
 phen //pW , Dec. If.
 
 504 
 
 ^ Chronological Table. 
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 34 
 35 
 
 Roman 
 Empcrours. 
 
 Conjuls. 
 
 Ecclefiaftical Affairs. 
 
 T/^er. zo 
 
 ZI 
 
 P. Fabius Perficus. 
 L. Vitellius Nepos. 
 
 The Perjecut /on following i'.Ste- 
 phenV death. 
 
 S.Phili]^'s preaching at Sama- 
 ria. His converting and baptizing 
 the Eunuch. 
 
 Peter and John return to Je- 
 rufalem. 
 
 ZI 
 
 , . zz 
 
 C. Ceftius Gallus Ca- 
 merinus. 
 
 M. Servilius Rufus. 
 
 S. Paul converted^ Jan. zj. 
 
 S. Peter -vifits the Churches. 
 
 Jonathan the Jon of Annas 
 made TTigh-priefl. Many favours 
 conferred upon the Jews hy W- 
 telJius. 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 38 
 
 zz 
 ^3 
 
 QJ'lautius Plautianus. 
 
 al. Ldianus. 
 Sex. Papinius Gallienus. 
 
 Peter'.r Vifwn. 
 
 Cornelius his Converfion. 
 
 Peter accufed for his conrerfe 
 with the Gentiles ;;// his return to 
 Jerufalem. 
 
 2-3 
 Z4 
 
 Carigula \ j 
 iMart.16.3 
 
 Cn. Acerronius Proculus. 
 C. Pontius Nigrinus. 
 
 S. Paul comes to Jerufalem, 
 and after i 5- days is hy revela- 
 tion commanded to depart thence. 
 TTe goes for Ta.rhs. 
 
 I 
 
 z 
 
 C. CxfarCaliguIa.il. 
 L. Apronius Cxfianus. 
 
 A cruel Verjecution raijed a- 
 gainfl the Jews at Alexandria hy 
 Flaccus the Frafeil of Egypt. 
 
 39 
 
 z 
 3 
 
 M. Aquilius Julianus. 
 P. Nonius Afprenas. 
 
 Pontius Pilate lays violent 
 hands upon himfelf. 
 
 The great increafe of the Church 
 of Antioch. The Believers jirfl 
 called CITRIS TIA N S there. 
 
 40 
 
 . 3 
 4 
 
 C. Cxkr Caligula III. 
 5«/.L.GeliiusPublicola. 
 M. Cocceius Nerva. 
 
 Caligula commands Petronius 
 to fet up his Statue in the Temple 
 at Jerufalem .- hut at the great 
 inflance of the Jews it is de- 
 ferred. 
 
 41 
 
 41 
 
 4 
 Claudius \ 
 i I Febr. 3 
 
 C.Caefar Caligula IV. 
 5«/.Q^ Pompon. Secundus. 
 Cn. Sentius Saturninus. 
 
 .S.James the Greaty'/r Apojile, 
 beheaded by the command of He- 
 rod. Peter delivered out of Frijon. 
 
 I 
 
 . ' 2 
 
 Tib. Claudius Imp. II. 
 C.Licinius Cxcina Largus. 
 
 Barnabas ij^f^ Paul fet forward 
 in their preaching of the Gofpel. 
 They plant the Chrijiian Faith in 
 Seleucia, Cyprus, and other 
 places. 

 
 A Clnojwlo^ical I able. ^05 
 
 .-inn. 
 Chr. 
 
 43 
 44 
 
 Roman 
 tmpcrouri. 
 
 Cimjuls. 
 
 Hcclcfiaflical AlTairs. 
 
 Cljiidii. 2 
 
 r.( laudius Imp. HI. 
 L.Vitdlius If. 
 
 (laudius iiLrogares many cf 
 the Roman Feftivah. 
 
 Klion li tnade fJigh-pricJl oj 
 thf Jcu's tn the room of Matthiai 
 the Jon <f Aiunus dcfwjed. 
 
 Herod dies^ leing immtdiatcl) 
 jlruck h iin Aniel for hu pride 
 and ambition. 
 
 The Hlejj'ed / 'ir^tnjittd h fonie 
 to die this ye.ir^ by others three 
 )e.irs ajtcr. 
 
 Tlje 4poJlles di[perje themfehei 
 topre.ich the Gujpcl to thejeveral 
 Provinces of the Gcntilc Word. 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 (..QjOilpinus I!. 
 T. Statilius Taurus. 
 
 45 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 M. ViciiiiiisQuarrinus. 
 M.Statijius Corvinus. 
 
 46 
 
 6 
 
 C. N'alcrius Afiaticus. 
 M. Valerius McHala. 
 
 Paul and Ikrnabas preach at 
 Lyftra: Vi\x\ Jloned there. Their 
 return to Antiocll. 
 
 47 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 T.Claudius Imp. IV. 
 L. Vitcllius III. 
 
 3000 of the Jews, raijin^ a 
 tumult in the Feajl of Vnlea- 
 vened Bread flam by Vcntidius 
 Cumanus Procurator <>/ Judxa. 
 
 A Council iMjlden by the Apo- 
 illes and others at Jcrufalem to 
 determine tl.c Con! ru-verjie about 
 legal Rites. The Decrees of the 
 Synod jent to the Churches. 
 
 48 
 4^ 
 5^ 
 
 7 
 S 
 
 A. Vitelliu.s/'fl//r.7 Imp. 
 L. Vifpanius Poplicoia. 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 C n. PomjKius G alius. 
 QA^crranius La:tus. 
 
 I3arnabas preaches ti.e Uvjpet 
 ///Cyprus: ^. Paul /w Syria, 'Ci- 
 licia, tfc". t 
 The Jews banijhed Rome by 
 the ediil of Claudius. ^ 
 
 10 
 
 C. Antiftius Vetus. 
 M.Suilli'' Rufus Ncrvilianus. 
 
 .S.Paul laving travelled through 
 Macedonia, fowff to Atiiens,rf/- 
 fpHtes with the Philnfophen., con- 
 verts Dion)rius the Areopa- 
 gxte^and thence p.ifjeth to Corinth, 
 where he rejides 1 8 months. * 
 
 fi 
 
 lO 
 
 1 1 
 
 T. Claudius Imp. V. 
 Scr. Cornelius Orfilus. 
 
 S. Paul continues at Corinth, 
 where he meets with AquUa a>:d 
 Prifcilia not long before baniO^ed 
 Rome by the decree if ( laudius. 
 Ilttice he Ji77/fi/o //rTiiedaion. 
 
 t 
 
 H r
 
 ■^o6 A ChroJiological Table. ■ ' 
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 Roman 
 Emperours. 
 
 Confuls. 
 
 EcclefiafliGal Affairs. 
 
 51 
 51 
 
 54 
 55 
 
 II 
 11 
 
 P. Cornelius Sylla P'auftus. 
 L.Salvius Otho Titianus. 
 
 S. Paul departs from Corinth, 
 pillfes to Ephcfus tknce to Jcrula- 
 lem, and returns back to Ephefus. 
 
 12 
 13 
 
 D. Junius Silanus. 
 Q^Haterius Antoninus. 
 
 hie preaches and Aijputes daily 
 in the School of Tyrannus, con- 
 vinces the ]e\vs,atjd converts great 
 numbers to the Faith. 
 
 13 
 
 Nero a\ 
 
 i30a.x ' 
 
 M. Afinius Marcellus. 
 M. Acilius Aviola. 
 
 ^. Paul fights with Eeafts,/. e. 
 
 men of evil andbri'.tijhmayiners at 
 Ephefus. He preaches there Jii/l, 
 andrn the parts thereabouts. 
 
 I 
 1 
 
 Nero Claudius Imp. 
 L. Antiftius Vetus. 
 
 S. Pauh departure from Ephe- 
 fus. //epaffes through Macedonia 
 afjdGvQCCQ, and gathers contribw 
 tionfor the Saints (3/ Jerufalem. 
 
 56 
 
 51 
 
 a 
 3 
 
 Q^Volufius Saturninus. 
 P. Cornelius Scipio. 
 
 S. Paul comes to Jerufalem, and 
 is apprehended in the Temple ^ and 
 fecured in the Cajlle. His impri- 
 fonment at CxhrcSi, and arraign- 
 ment before Felix the Roman Go- 
 vernour. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Nero Claud. Imp. II. 
 L. Calpurnius Pifo. 
 
 S. Paul kept prifoner at Cxfa- 
 re2i under Felix. 
 
 58 
 59 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Nero CI. Imp. III. 
 
 M. Valerius Meflala. 
 
 ^.Paulj arraignment bejoreYe- 
 ftus. IJe IS fent to Rome, where he 
 arrives about the end if this, or the 
 beginning of thefolloivmgyear. * 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 C. Vipfanius Poplicola. 
 al. Apronianus. 
 
 C. Fonteius Capito. 
 
 S. PaulV free imprifonment at 
 Rome. He writes his Epijiles to 
 the Ephcfians.Coloiiians, Philip- 
 pians,/'!? Timothy ^W Philemon. 
 
 60 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Nero CI. Imp. IV. 
 CofTus Cornelius Lentulus. 
 
 About the latter end cf this 
 year S. VOiUMsfet at liberty ^ and 
 before his departure cut cf Italy 
 writes his Hpijlk to the Hebrews. 
 
 *Th( 
 fuccee 
 that it 
 at his I 
 yet in 
 feems 
 who V 
 
 3 time of %^au 
 d in the room c 
 muff be while 
 •eturnhad his' 
 fome favour w 
 wholly to have 
 vas flain Mr<w. 
 
 /'s being fent to Rome, depends i 
 )ffe/i.\; which though it cannot 
 Tallas(FeUx his Brotlier, by whc 
 ife fpared when accufed by the 
 til AfeojWherein he wasdcclinir 
 ' fallen upon Agrippim^s deatli(i 
 V.Ann.Chr.UX. Pallas himfelf be 
 
 ipon Fi:fius his coming 'wxoj'udaa to 
 36 precilely dctermined-vet plain it is, 
 )(e mediation with the Emperour^(f/;x 
 Jews lor his mal-adminilf ration) was 
 g fome time berore,and from which he 
 ipon wliofe intereft he ftood at Court) 
 ing poifoned JVe^wj.VlIl.^ww LXU.
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 A Chronological Table. 
 
 307 
 
 Roman 
 
 EmiKTours. 
 
 61 
 
 Neroms. 7 
 8 
 
 61 
 
 ^3 
 
 6., 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 6- 
 
 8 
 
 Conjuli. 
 
 C.Cxfonius Pat us. 
 
 C. Pctron'uis Turpilianus 
 al. babiiius. 
 
 P. Marius Celfus. 
 L. Afiiiius Gallus. 
 Sh^. bciieca & Trcbcllius. 
 
 10 
 
 L. Mcminius Rcgulus. 
 
 Paulus Virginius Rufus. 
 
 10 
 
 II 
 
 C. Lecanius I3afilis. 
 
 M. Licinius CrafTuG Frugi. 
 
 1 1 
 
 iz 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 
 P. Siliiis Ncrva. 
 
 C.Julius Atticus Veftinus 
 
 Si<jj'. Anicius Ctrcalis. 
 
 Ecclefiaflical Aflairs. 
 
 S. I'aul now rekajed^ travels 
 for the propagiitJOH oj the (iefpel^ 
 ejp€cij//y in the Vi 'ejlern parts^ fn 
 TO lypq^ rJbietoi i^JSiij Clem. 
 Rom.Ep. ad Corinth, p. 8. prelj- 
 bly into bpain, or Britain. 
 
 6'.James the Icfs/Zr Brother qf 
 our Lorrl^ and Bijhvp if JcTufa- 
 Icm, thrown by the Jew s/zww the 
 Temple^ and knocked on the head 
 with a Fullers Club. 
 
 Simeon chofen to be S. James 
 /'/( jiuxefjor in the See (j Jeru- 
 falcm. 
 
 Anianus fucceeds S. Mark m 
 the Bilhvprickof Alexandria. Hu- 
 fcb. Cliron. 
 
 Nero burns the City rj Rome, 
 and to wipe ojf the odium Jr(,>n 
 himjelf charges it upon the Chrt- 
 Jlians, and raifts the Firfl Pcrlc- 
 CUtion againjl tl.cw, under that 
 pretext. 
 
 *S. Peter and Paul fu^'<.r Mar- 
 tyrdom at Rome. 
 
 Several pndjgies at Jcrufalem 
 \fvrejheiv the dejiruiiion of tl.at 
 church and State. 
 
 C. Suetonius Paulinus. 
 L. Pontius Telefinus. 
 
 L. FonteiusCapito. 
 C. Julius Rufus. 
 
 Galha \ 
 o^.ijun.ior 
 
 C. Silius Italicus. 
 M.Galerius Trachakis 
 Turpilianus. 
 
 Nero rejidnig m Achaia, c/w- 
 mits the tnanagernent cf the II ar 
 again/} the Jeu s to Vcfpafiao. 
 
 \'^crparian carries on the II ar 
 with q^reat diligence and Juccejs. 
 Jolephus IS taken pnjonrr. 
 
 PhanalTus the fin of Samuel 
 the lajl HigJ} Triejl 0} the Jews. 
 
 • Some of the mod learned Chronologifts of the Reman Church place tl.e MarT>'rdom 
 of theft; tao great Apoltles two years late r,-x7t. Www. i'.hr.LWW. which if any likt: better, 
 I will not contend, the Perlecution probably extending to the laft of JVrrc, though it fctms 
 molt probable that thev fliould fuffer about the beginning of ir. 
 
 Rr X
 
 !o8 
 
 A Chronological Table. 
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 Roman 
 Emperours. 
 
 > 
 
 Otho 
 
 aj;in. i 5- 
 
 Vitelliiis \ 
 
 abApril.Zo. J 
 il.Julii J 
 
 71 
 
 7i 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 Confuls. 
 
 Ser. Sulpitius Galba. /w/. II. 
 
 r. Vinius Rufinus.a/. Crif- 
 pinianus. 
 
 Ecclefiaftical Affairs, 
 
 I Fl. Vefpafianus Imp. II. 
 
 T. Vefpafianus Cccfar. 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 Vefpafian hehig proclaimed 
 Emperour , leaves Judcca , goes 
 to Alexandria , and theme for 
 Rome, 
 
 Titus remanded hy Velpafian 
 toprojecute the Jewiih War. 
 
 ]Q'C\xh\tr[\hefiegedytaken Jacked^ 
 and burnt. 
 
 1 1 00000 of the Jews perifh., 
 97000 taken prifoners. 
 
 Imp. Vefpafianus III. 
 
 M. Cocceius Nerva, poflea 
 Imper. 
 
 Imp, Vefpafianus IV. 
 
 T. Vefpafianus Cxfar, 11, 
 
 The Jcwilh Nohility^ and the 
 fpoils of the Temple earned in 
 triumph to Rome. 
 
 S. Bartholomew the Apoflle 
 faid to he martyred thu^ hy other's, 
 the folloivihgyear. 
 
 Ebion, fo called from an affe- 
 iied poverty^ born at Cocaba a 
 Village in Bafanitis, and Cerin- 
 thus noted Heretics, begin more 
 openly to fhew themfehes about 
 this time. 
 
 Fl, Domitianus, 
 
 M, Valerius Meflalinus. 
 
 Imp, Vefpafianus V. 
 
 T. Vefpafianus III. 
 
 S. Thomas flain at Maliapor 
 in India, 
 
 S. Martialis at Ravenna z« 
 Italy. 
 
 Imp. Vefpafianus VI. 
 Tit.Vefpafianus IV. 
 Suff. Domitianus IV. 
 
 Imp. Vefpafianus VII. 
 Tit. Vefpafianus V. 
 Suff. Domitianus V. 
 
 The lafl Cenfe made at Rome : 
 
 fever al 'very aged perfons then no- 
 ted, mentioned by Pliny, lib. y.c. 
 49. juflifying the great Age offe- 
 veral Ecclejiaftic perfons of thofe 
 times. 
 
 The Temple of Peace dedicated 
 by Vefpafian, W/Z'f Jewifli^w// 
 laid up in it.
 
 yl Chronologic at Table. 50^ 
 
 Ann. Roman 
 Chr. Emi^rourS. 
 
 CoHJuli. 
 
 Ecclefuftical Affairs. 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 80 
 81 
 8i 
 
 83 
 
 ^' 8 
 9 
 
 \ 
 
 rmp-Vcfpafianus VI IF. 
 rit. Vclpafianus VI. 
 i"«^; Domitianus VI. 
 
 Linus Btjhop of the Chunh of 
 the Gentile Chnjltam at Rome 
 Jiiffers ALrtyrdom^ Liz/ng Jute 
 I z years, 4 mouths, anf{ i x d.i)s : 
 though others allow tut ii years, 
 i months, and 13 days. 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 f-. Ceionius C.ommodus 
 
 Vcrus. 
 C. Cornelius Prifcus. 
 
 Anripas a faithful Mznyrfla/n 
 ^it Pcrgamus. Onuphr. /y ethers 
 referred to Ann. 93. 
 
 A great eruption c/ Vcfuvius ; 
 /H the over-curious ft arch whereof 
 Pimy the Elder penfhed the fol- 
 lowing year. 
 
 10 
 
 litus a ) 
 Jun.x4y ^ 
 
 Imp. Vclpafianus IX. 
 Tir.Vcfpafianus Vlf. 
 
 
 Titus Vcfpaf. Imp. VIH. 
 Fl. Domitianus VII, 
 
 Titus command i JofcpiKis ha 
 Hijlory of the Jewilh War to he 
 laid up in the Library at Rome. 
 
 3 
 
 Domtt. a \ 
 Sept.ij.J 
 
 M. Plautius Sylvanus. 
 M. Annius Vcrus Pollio. 
 
 
 I 
 1 
 
 Domitianus Imp. VIII. 
 r. Flavius Sabinus. 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Imp. Domitianus IX. 
 T. Virginius Rufus II. 
 
 Domitian hanifnes the Fhtlo- 
 fophers out </ Rome and Italy, 
 andfeverely puntf^es the inceji of 
 the Vcflal Ftrgins. 
 
 84 
 85 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Imp. Domitianus X. 
 
 Ap. Junius Sabinus. 
 Imp. Domitianus XI. 
 
 T. Aurelius Fulvus. 
 
 
 4 
 S 
 
 Anianus 6\ Miirk' sjuccef/or m 
 the Btfhoprick of .Alexandria, 
 dies, and is fuccetded hy Avi- 
 lius. 
 
 Zi 
 
 5 
 » 
 
 Imp. Domitianus XII. 
 Ser. Cornelius Dolabclla. 
 
 
 
 

 
 9IO 
 
 A ChroJiological Table. 
 
 Attn. 
 Chr. 
 
 87 
 
 88 
 
 89 
 90 
 
 i 
 
 91 
 91 
 
 Roman 
 Emperours. 
 
 Confuls. 
 
 Ecclefiaflical Affairs. 
 
 Dom'it. 6 
 
 7 
 
 Imp.Domitianus XIII. 
 A Volufius Saturninus. 
 
 Domitian ajjUmes diuine ho- 
 nours^ cornmariditJg himjUf to he 
 ftiled Lord and ^06. 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 Imp. Domitianus XIV. 
 M. Minucius Rufus. 
 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 T. Aurelius Fulvius. 
 A.Sempronius Atratinus. 
 
 Philojophers and Mathema- 
 ticians again lanijhed out of 
 Rome. 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 Imp. Domitianus XV. 
 M. Cocceius Nerva If. 
 
 Apollonius Tyanxus the fa- 
 mous Magician , Jet up by the 
 Gentiles as Rival to our Saviour^ 
 IS brought before Domitian, Jhews 
 tricks of Magic, and is [aid im- 
 mediately to vanijh out of his 
 fight. 
 
 The Second Ferfecution. 
 
 10 
 
 M. Ulpius Trajanus. 
 M. Acilius Glabrio. 
 
 *Cletus Bijhop of Rome mar- 
 tyred this ( if not rather the fore- 
 going ) year, April 26. he is fuc- 
 ceededbj Clemens, May 1 6. 
 
 II 
 12 
 
 Imp. Domitianus XVI. 
 A. Volufius Saturninus II. 
 
 About this time S. John isfup- 
 pofed to hefent by the Proconful 
 0/ Afia to Rome, and by Domi- 
 tian to have been put into a Feffel 
 of hot oil, and then lanijhed into 
 Patmos. 
 
 9} 
 
 \ 
 94 
 
 12 
 13 
 
 Sex. Pempeius Collega. 
 Cornelius Prifcus. 
 
 
 ^3 
 14 
 
 L. Nonius Afprenas Tor- 
 quatus. , 
 
 M. Arricinius Clemens. 
 
 S. John writes his Book o/Re- 
 velations. 
 
 Jofephus finifhes his Book of 
 Jewifh Antiquities. 
 
 1 -*~.- 
 
 95 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 Imp. Domitianus XVII. 
 T. Flavius Clemens Mart. 
 
 Fl. Clemens, Domitian'i- Cou- 
 fin-german, and Conful with him 
 this year, put to death for being a 
 Cbrijlian. His Wife Fl. Domitil- 
 la, Domitian'^f Neece, banifhedfor 
 the fame cauje. 
 
 * This C/rt?/f is by the Greeit/, and that with greateft probability, made the fame with 
 Anacktus, which breeds a great dltFerence in their account of years. But becaufe the 
 account of the Greeks is not fo clear and frnooth, we have cho(en,in alfigning the times of 
 the Bifhops of Rome, to follow the Writers of that Church.
 
 ' A Chronological Tabltf. 3 1 1 
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 91 
 
 9^ 
 
 99 
 
 100 
 
 Roman 
 Em }>c roars. 
 
 Cottjuls. 
 
 F.cclchilhcal /Affairs. 
 
 1) 
 
 10 
 Nerva a \ 
 18. Sept. 3 
 
 C. Fiilvius Valcns. 
 C. Antiflius Vcms. 
 
 Ncrva rcvokhiir^ the Acts oj 
 Domitian, S.]o\\n is releajed ij 
 hii bantjhment , atj retur/is to 
 Eplicfus. 
 
 6'. John { this yenr prohally) 
 after folerr.n prefar.ition writes hu 
 Cujbcl jt the ejniejl rc^jueji of the 
 AuanChurches. 
 
 1 
 z 
 
 Coc. Ncrva Imp. III. 
 T. Virginius Rufus III. 
 S/tf.i:. ("orncliui Tacitus, 
 I'/Jfor/ctij. 
 
 •> 
 
 FraJAn. \ 
 ijan. 11. ) 
 
 (mp. Ntrva IV. 
 M.UlpiusTrajanii) II. 
 
 Avilms (/y/»g^ C trdo Jui. aeds 
 in the See of AJexandria. 
 
 iS". Clemens Bijhop of Komc is 
 IjHi/J.ed, and condemned to the 
 ALr/le Quarnes in the Taurica 
 ( licrfonefus. 
 
 I 
 
 z 
 
 C. Sofius ScnccioIJ. 
 A. Cornelius Palma. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Imp. Trajanus III. 
 M. Cornelius Fronto III. 
 Suf. VliniusjuH/or. 
 
 •S'.Jojin ^-//cj, and li h'.ned at 
 F-phefus. 
 
 S. Clemens of Rome is thrown 
 into the Sea, with an anchor tied 
 about huneih^ November 9. /'j- 
 zin^ Iten jole B/Jhop cj Rome 9 
 years, 1 1 months, and i z days. 
 
 lOI 
 
 102 
 103 
 
 104 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 Imp. Trajanus IV. 
 Sex. ArticuJcius Partus. 
 
 Anacletus ( accord /ng to the 
 cempittation of the Church ct 
 Rome ) fucceeds in that See, 
 April ;. 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 C. Sofius Scnccio III. 
 LLiciniusSura. 
 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 Imp. Trajanus V. 
 LAppius Maximus. 
 
 Elxai afalfe Prophet, Author 
 of a new Seil, arifes. Epipli. Hx- 
 ref. 1 9. 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 L.LiciniusSurall. 
 P. Ncratius Marccllus. 
 

 
 ^12 
 
 A ChroJiological Table. 
 
 Am. Roman 
 Chr. Emperours. 
 
 Coyifuls 
 
 Trajani. 
 
 105 
 
 106 
 
 107 
 
 [08 
 
 109 
 
 no 
 
 m 
 
 112 
 
 T. Julius Candidus. 
 A. Julius Quadratus. 
 
 [.. Ceionius Commodus 
 
 Verus. 
 L. Tullius Cerealis. 
 
 10 
 
 G Sofius Seneclo IV. 
 
 L. Liciinius Sura III. 
 
 loAp. Annius Trebonius 
 Gallus. 
 M. Atilius Bradua. 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 iz 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 A. Cornel. Palma II. 
 
 C.CalvifiusTullusII. 
 
 Clodius Crifpinus. 
 Solenus Oriilus Hafta. 
 
 13 
 
 L. Calpurnius Pifo. 
 Vettius Rufticus Bolanus. 
 
 M 
 
 If 
 
 Imp.TrajanusVI. 
 C. Julius Africanus. 
 
 Ecclefiaftical Affairs. 
 
 Barfirnxus Bifiop of Edefla 
 fuffers Martyrdotn ; others place 
 it J Ann. x 09. 
 
 Tl:e Greek Mcnology wer.- 
 tions 1 1 000 chr I si i an Souldkrs 
 hanijle (t hyT rz]zn into Armenia, 
 and that loooo of them were cru- 
 cified upon Mount Ararat. 
 
 The Third Perfecution where- 
 in Simeon Bifhop of Jerufalem u 
 crucified in the 120 year of his 
 age. 
 
 Ignatius Bifhop of Antioch 
 condemned y and fent to Rome to 
 he thrown to wild Be aft s. 
 
 Ignatius hn hones are conveyed 
 hack to Antioch, and there folemn- 
 ly interred. 
 
 Onefimus S. Paul's Difaple^ 
 whom the Martyrologies make 
 Bifhop ofEiphdus,ftonedat Rome, 
 Feb. 16. 
 
 Primus rrrade Bifhop of Ale- 
 xandria. 
 
 Euariftus fucceeds Anacletus 
 Bift^op of Rome , though the 
 Greeks, tvho make Cletus and 
 Anacletus the fame perfon^ make 
 him immediately to follow Cle- 
 mens. 
 
 Juftus dying , Zacchxus fuc- 
 ceeds m the See of Jerufa- 
 lem.
 
 
 
 A Chronological Table. 313 
 
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 Roman 
 Emperours. 
 
 Conjuls. 
 
 Ecclcfiaftical Afl'airs. 
 
 
 114 
 
 ii6 
 117 
 
 Iraj.xnt 1 5 
 16 
 
 L. Publius CcUUs. 
 C. Clodius Crifpinus. 
 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 Q^Ninniiis Had a. 
 P. Manlius Vopifcus. 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 17 
 i8 
 
 M. Valerius Mcllala. 
 
 vel Ht al. Adrianus & 
 
 Salinator. 
 C. Popilius Carus Pcdo. 
 
 The Jews jt Alexandria, an^ 
 about Cyrenc in i"g)pt leLel^ 
 who are Jl.tin tn great nutrl'cn. 
 
 
 I 8' 
 
 .•tnulius .ilianus. 
 L. Antiftiuii Vetus. 
 
 Papias Bijkop (j Hierapolis 
 Jets on foot the Millenarian Do- 
 cirin. 
 
 
 19 
 
 10 
 
 Adrian'' \ 
 
 ..b.Aus.9- r ^ 
 
 Quindius Niger. 
 
 T. Vipfanius Apronianus. 
 
 
 
 n8 
 119 
 
 I 
 1 
 
 Imp. Adrianus If.- 
 
 r. Claudius Fufcus. 
 
 The Fourtli Pcrfecution raifed 
 againjl the Chrijd.ins^ reinjorcing 
 that which had been Jet on Joot by 
 Trajan. 
 
 
 
 
 Vope Evariftui martyred. He 
 J'ate 9 years ^ 3 months^ 10 days. 
 He was [uccccdfd by Alexander 
 a Roman. 
 
 ]\s{\.\xs made^BiJl:9p r/ Alexan- 
 dria. • * 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 Imp. Adrianus III. 
 Q^Junius Ruflicus. 
 
 
 liO 
 
 III 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 L. Catilius Scvcrus. 
 
 The Chrijlians Jezerely proje- 
 cuted at Rome, whcrccj many 
 
 
 r. Aurclius Fulvus, poflea 
 Imp. Antoninus. 
 
 AlartyrSj and more driven to hide 
 thcnifdves in the Cr)ptct andCai- 
 meteria under grovr.d. 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 M. Annius Vcrus II. 
 1-. Augur, 
 
 A gre.it tumult at Alexandria 
 about tf.'e Idol A^pis found there. 
 
 
 112 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 M. Acilius Aviola. 
 Corcllius Panfa. 
 
 J he ferJecMt/oM rages in Alia, 
 under the Covemment rf Arrius 
 Antoninus the Proconful. 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 Sf
 
 3H 
 
 A Chronological Table. 
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 Roman 
 Emperours. 
 
 Adriani 6 
 
 Confuls. 
 
 113 
 
 1x4 
 
 iif 
 
 ii6 
 
 12,7 
 
 1x8 
 
 119 
 
 130 
 
 Q^Arrius Paetinus. 
 
 C. Ventidius Apronianus. 
 
 Ecclefiaftical Affairs. 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 M- Acilius Glabrio. 
 
 C. Bellicius Torquatus. 
 
 Adrian comes to Athens, and 
 u initiated in the Eleufinian w)- 
 fteries. 
 
 Quadratus Bifhop of Athens, 
 and Ariftides prejent Apologies to 
 the Emperour in behalf of the 
 Chriflians. 
 
 Serenius Granianus mites to 
 the Emperour in favour of the 
 chriflians.^ hy whofe Refcript to 
 M. Fundanus Proconful of Afia 
 ( Granianus hisfuccejjor) the pro- 
 ceedings againji them are miti- 
 gated. 
 
 P. Cornelius Scipio 
 Afiaticus II. 
 
 Q^ Vettius Aquiiinus. 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 II 
 
 Vefproni' Candid' Ver II 
 Ambiguus Bibulus. 
 al. M. Loll. Pedius. 
 Q;_ Jun. Lepidus. 
 
 II 
 
 IX 
 
 Gallicanus. 
 
 C. Cselius Titianus. 
 
 II 
 
 13 
 
 L. Nonius Afprenas 
 Torquatus. 
 
 M. Annius Libo. 
 
 Q^ Juventius Celfus. 
 Q^ Julius Balbus. 
 
 Adrian revifits Athens,fini/hes 
 and dedicates the Temple of Ju- 
 piter Olympius, and an Altar to 
 himfelf. 
 
 Aquila, a Kinfman of the Em- 
 perour s.^ firft turns Chrijiian, then 
 apoftatizingto 1\xdaS.imytranflates 
 the Old Teftament into Greek. 
 
 130^ Fabius Catullinus. 
 
 14M. Flavius Aper. 
 
 itiius Adrianus having repai- 
 red Jerufalem, calls it after hu 
 own namCy AXii. 
 
 The Martyrdom of Alexander 
 Bifhop of Rome^ after he had fate 
 I o yearsy j months.^ %o days, to 
 whomfucceededSiidus a Roman.
 
 A Chrotiolo^ical Tabic 
 
 3'5 
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 Roman 
 Empcrours. 
 
 131 
 
 A({n- 
 ani. 
 
 131 
 
 33 
 
 '34 
 
 3^ 
 
 136 
 
 137 
 
 M! 
 
 139 
 
 15 
 
 Conjitls. 
 
 Lcclcfiaflical ."^ flairs. 
 
 Scr. 0:tavius L;rnas I'on 
 
 tianus. 
 M. Antoninus Kulinus. 
 
 If 
 
 1 6 
 
 16 
 
 Sentius Augiirinus. 
 
 Vrriiis Sevcrianus. 
 
 Hibcrus. 
 
 Jul. Silanus Sifenna. 
 
 Hymcnxus nufie Bifhop pj 
 Alexandria, tring the jixth lit- 
 Jhop oj that Set: 
 
 The Jews rebel agaitijl the Ro- 
 mans UH/lcr the condud rf Ijar- 
 chochab .;// Impojfor. 
 
 Juflin Martyr con~,erted to 
 Chrijhamty dbout this time^ or 
 It m.xy be^ thefo/Jowingyejr. 
 
 The Jews dijperjcd and over- 
 come by the prudent Arts (f Ju- 
 lius Scvcrus the Roman Gc- 
 neral, though not fully JuppreJ- 
 fed till the following year^ when 
 Barchochab irai executed. 
 
 17 
 18 
 
 C. Julius Scrvilius 
 
 Urfus Sevcrianus. 
 C. Vibius Juvcntius Verus. 
 
 1 h Pompcianus Lupercus. 
 19 LJunius Atticus Acilianus. 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 zo 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 Antoninus 
 Pius]\x\. lO 
 I 
 
 L. Ccionius Commodus 
 Verus. 
 
 Sex. Verulcnus Pompcia- 
 nus. 
 
 L. yElius Verus Carfar II. 
 
 P. Carlius Balbinus 
 Vibullius Pius. 
 
 BafiliJcs the Hxrcfiarch 
 nukes himfelf famous at Ale- 
 xandria. 
 
 Marcus, the fir ft of the Gen- 
 tile Converts , made Bifhop of 
 Jerufalcm , all hitherto having 
 been of the Circumcifion. 
 
 Getulius, Amanrius, Cerea- 
 lis, andjeveral others Jujjer A/ar^ 
 tyrdoni. 
 
 biulpicius Camcrinus. 
 Quin£l. Niger Magnus. 
 
 I 
 
 Imp. Antoninus Pius II. 
 
 Bruttius Prarfcns. 
 
 Plilcgon the Trallian,y('/7wr/- 
 ly fervant to the Empcrour Adri- 
 an here ends his Book p/ Olym- 
 piads. Olym. 219. An. i. 
 
 Si
 
 :^i6 A Cbro7iological Table. 
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 140 
 
 141 
 142 
 
 143 
 
 144 
 
 Roman 
 Emperours. 
 
 Cofifuls. 
 
 Ecclefiaflical Affairs. 
 
 Antonini 2 
 Pit . 
 
 3 
 
 imp. Anton. Pius III. 
 M. Aurclius Cxfar. 
 
 Z^pon Sixtus his Martyrdom 
 Tclefphorus « cbofen Bijhop of 
 Rome, according to the Roman 
 account. 
 
 J. Martyr prefints his frji ( u- 
 fually put Jecond ) Apology for the 
 Chr'iflians. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 M. Peducxus Syloga 
 
 Prifcinus. 
 T. Hoenius Severus. 
 
 
 4 
 
 L. Cufpius Rufinus. 
 L. Statius Quadratus. 
 
 About this time the mojl ahfurd 
 andfenflefs Heretics^ the Ophitx, 
 Cainitx, and Sethiani arife. 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 C. Bellicius Torquatus, 
 T. Claudius Atticus. 
 Herodes. 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Lollianus Avitus. 
 C. Gavius Maximus. 
 
 Eumenes or HymeniEus Bi- 
 
 pop of Alexandria dies^ Marcus 
 
 the Jeventb BiJhop of that See 
 
 jucceeds. 
 
 Valentinus the Heretic appears. 
 
 M5 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 Imp. Anton. Pius IV". 
 M. Aurelius Ccefar II. 
 
 
 146 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 Sex. Erucius Clarus II. 
 Cn. Claudius Severus. 
 
 Marcion after his frequent re- 
 cantationSy again lapfes into He- 
 refie^ which he propagates more in- 
 dufirioufly than before. 
 
 147 
 148 
 
 149 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 M. Valerius Largus. 
 M.Valerius Meflalinus. 
 
 
 10 
 
 C. Bellicius Torquatus II, 
 M. Salvius Julianus II. 
 
 ' 
 
 II 
 
 IZ 
 
 Ser.Corneli^ Scipio Orfitus. 
 Q^NoniusPrifcus. 
 
 Cehdionfucceeds as the eighth 
 Bijhop of Alexandria. 

 
 A Chro7iological fabk. 3 i 7 
 
 Ann. Romaa 
 Chr. EmpcroLirs. 
 
 Conjuls. 
 
 Ecclcfianical Ailairs. 
 
 IfO 
 
 151 
 
 Anton. 1 1 
 Pit. 
 
 •3 
 
 Komulus Gallicanus. 
 Antiftius Vctus. 
 
 
 
 Sex. QuincHIius Gorclianus. 
 Sex. QuinfV. Maximus. 
 
 
 14 
 15 
 
 Sex. AciJius Glabrio. 
 
 C. Valerius Omollus Va- 
 rianiis. 
 
 Pope Telefphorus martyred^ 
 
 having fate \ 1 )r.7rj, y months^ 
 3 fla>,s. Petav. (fff . 
 Hyginus jucceeds. 
 
 ^n 
 
 »5 
 
 Urutius Pri'fcns 11. 
 M. AntinousRuflniis. 
 
 
 'M 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 L. Aurelius Cxiuc. 
 ScxtUius Latcranus. 
 
 *AnicetUS according to the ac- 
 count of the Qxccksjucceeds jhout 
 this time in the See of Rome, not 
 lon^ after which S. Polycarp 
 comes thither : and thu no doubt 
 much truer th.xn the computation 
 of the church of Rome. 
 
 155 
 
 17 
 18 
 
 Cv. Julius Scvcrus. 
 
 M. Rufinus >Sabinianus. 
 
 
 156 
 
 18 
 19 
 
 PlautiuiSylvanus. 
 Sentius Augurinus. 
 
 Pope H)gynus martyred^ after 
 he had fit ten four years ^ wanting 
 two da)s^ to whom V'wxsjuccecds. 
 Petav. Ricciol. Brier, i^c. 
 
 if7 
 
 19 
 
 3arbatus. 
 Rcgulus. 
 
 
 >>8 
 
 10 
 
 C^H.TcituUus. 
 f.icinius .Saccrdos. 
 
 
 159 
 
 Zl 
 
 iMautius Quinctillus. 
 Statius Prifcus. 
 
 
 •Ii 
 
 isfct 
 
 con(c< 
 
 ofSJ 
 
 1 the Catalogii 
 >eforc Vtiis : a( 
 -jiicntly VoljCiir 
 ?oljcarp. Num. 
 
 c of the Bifhops o^Rome recon 
 :cordit\n to uiiich account At 
 ;>'scnmins ro Rcmt^ muft be p 
 IV. p. u^. 
 
 led by Oftatus:iM S.yiu^ufiin,Anicrtus 
 tcttus his liiccdlion in that See, and 
 aced fifteen ytMrs fooncr Seethe life
 
 3 1 8 A Chro?iological Table. 
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 i6o 
 i6i 
 
 164 
 
 Roman 
 Emperours. 
 
 Confuls. 
 
 Ecclefiaftical Affairs. 
 
 Antomni 2 a 
 Pii. 
 
 ^3 
 
 T.Vibius Bar LIS. 
 Ap. Annius Bradua. 
 
 
 ^3 
 
 M. Aurehm'l 
 L. yEhtis ( 
 
 Verm. C^ 
 a 6. Martii. 3 
 
 M. Aurelius Ciefar III. 
 L.Mi\is Verus Cxfar II. 
 
 
 I 
 2 
 
 Q;_ Junius Rufticus. 
 Vettius Aquilinus. 
 
 Juftin the Martyr prefents hu 
 other Apology to the Emperour in 
 behalf of the Chr if i an s. 
 
 The Fifth Perfecation begun. 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 L. Papirius itlianus. 
 Junius Paflor. 
 
 ] uiiin fuffereil Martyrdom{pro- 
 bably about this time ) at Rome, 
 or at mofi^ the next year. 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 C.Julius Macrinus. 
 L. Cornelius Celfus. 
 
 Marcus and Timotheus mar- 
 tyred at Rome. 
 
 165 
 166 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 L. Arrius Pudens. 
 M. Gavius Orfitus. 
 
 ZJpon Pope Pius his Martyr- 
 dom, Anicetus is advanced into 
 the Chair : though Eufebius and 
 the Greeks according to their ac- 
 compt., make his Pontificate Com- 
 mence ^ Ann. Chrift. 15-4. and 
 accordingly fix the time of Poly- 
 carp'j coming to Rome. 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 Q^Servilius Pudens. 
 L. Fufidius Pollio. 
 
 
 167 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 L.. Aurelius Verus. 
 T.Numidius Quadratus. 
 
 S. Poly carp Bijhop of Smyrna 
 fuffers Martyrdom there, together 
 with Germanicus and others. 
 
 168 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 T. Junius Montanus. 
 L. Vettius Paulus. 
 
 Theophilus made Bijhop of 
 Antioch, ivho learnedly defends 
 the caufe of Chriftianity againjl 
 the Gentiles, Eufebius refers it 
 to the following year. 
 
 '
 
 A Chronological Table. 3 i ^ 
 
 Ann. Roman 
 
 Chr. Emperours. 
 
 - 
 
 Conjuh . 
 
 F.cclefiaflical Affairs. 
 
 169 
 
 170 
 
 171 
 
 171 
 
 M.AnreUi ) 
 
 yen. S ^ 
 9 
 
 Sofius Prifcus. 
 Q^Cxiius ApoUinaris. 
 
 Gcrvafius and Protafius un- 
 dergo Martyrdom about this time 
 at Millain. 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 L. Julius Clarus. 
 
 M. Aurclius Ccthcgus. 
 
 Mclito Bijhop of Sardis, and 
 ApoUinaris Bijhop c/ Hicrapolis 
 prejent their Apologetics to the 
 Emperourfor theChriJlians. 
 
 10 
 II 
 
 L. iicptimius Sevcrus II. 
 al. T.Tibinus Serenus. 
 
 Herennianus, 
 al. C.Scoedius Natta. 
 
 Montanus and his Accompli- 
 ces Authors of the nciv Prophecy^ 
 begin now more pLinly to dtjcarver 
 themfelvesy having craftily broa- 
 ched their errours fame years be- 
 fore. 
 
 II 
 
 IX 
 
 Claudius Maximius. 
 Cornelius Scipio Orfitus. 
 
 Tatian, heretofore Juflin Mar- 
 Vjx's Scholar^ becomes Author of 
 the Sed, called Enciititx. 
 
 Pacdefanes the Syrian infe- 
 iledivith Valentianifm. 
 
 173 
 
 «3 
 
 Claudius Severus. 
 
 T. Claudius Pompcianus. 
 
 Pope Anicetus crowned with 
 Martyrdom^ halving been Bifhop 
 of Rome 8 years^ z months, 7 
 days. 
 
 Soter fucceeds. 
 
 »74 
 175 
 
 M 
 
 Annius Trebonius Callus. 
 L. Flaccus. 
 
 M. Aurelius his Finery (r.er 
 the Quadi and Marcomanni in 
 Germany, gained by the Prayers 
 of the Chrijlian Legion. 
 
 14 
 
 Calpurnius Piib. 
 M.Salvius Julianus. 
 
 
 176 
 
 15 
 16 
 
 T. Vitrafius Pollio. 
 M. Flavius Apcr. 
 

 
 3 2 o A ChroJiological Table. 
 
 Chr. 
 
 177 
 
 Roman 
 Empcrours. 
 
 Confuls. 
 
 Ecclefiaftical Affairs. 
 
 M.Aurel. 1 6 
 17 
 
 i 
 
 L. Auiel. Commodus Imp. 
 Plautius Quinclillus. 
 
 Soter leing taken away by mar- 
 tyrdom^ Eleuthcrus « Greek 7«c- 
 ceeds in the Church of Rome. 
 
 Athenagoras the Chriftian 
 Fhilojvpher r/ Athens is noivjup- 
 fofed to have prejented his Apo- 
 logy. 
 
 \ 
 
 178 
 
 17 
 18 
 
 Vettius Rufus. 
 Cornelius Scipio Orfitus. 
 
 Vie foregoing year a Terfecu- 
 t'lon raged horribly in France, 
 wherein leJVdes many others died. 
 Pothinus Bijhop of Lyons, /j 
 whomfucceeded Irenxus, the year 
 folloiving. \ , 
 
 179 
 I So 
 
 i8 
 19 
 
 Imp, L.Aurelius Commo- 
 dus II. ^ . . 
 
 Vefpronius Candidus 
 Verus. 
 
 The Cataphrygian Herejk 
 greatly prevails. 
 
 19 
 
 Cjommodus ^ 
 aMart.idJ 
 
 I 
 
 Pruttius Prxfens II. 
 
 Sex. Quindilius Cordianus. 
 
 Julianus created Bijhop 0/ Ale- 
 xandria. 
 
 Panta:nus a Chrifiian Philofo- 
 pher opens the Gatechetic Schocl 
 
 at Alexandria. 
 
 1 
 
 181 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 Imp. Commodus III. 
 Antiftius Burrhus. 
 
 The Perfecution againfi the 
 Chriftians much abated. ' 
 
 i8i 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Petronius Mamertinus. 
 
 i 
 Trebellius Rufus. 
 
 Theodotion of Pontus, Jirjl a 
 Marcionite, then a Jew, trap- 
 flates the Old Teflament itito 
 Greek. 
 
 Th Temple ef Serapis at Ale- 
 xandria burnt down. 
 
 183 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 Imp. Commodus IV". 
 M. Aufidius Vi£lorinus. 
 
 f 
 
 184 
 
 4 
 
 — — -. ■ 
 5 
 
 M. Eggius MaruUus ye« 
 
 Marcellus. 
 M.Papirius ^lianus. 
 
 Commodus introduces the 
 worjhip of Ifis {formerly prohibi- 
 ted ) i«/tf Rome, 
 
 .
 
 1 A Chronolugical J able. 221 
 
 Ann. Roman 
 Chr, Efnpcro.irs. 
 
 Cofijuls. 
 
 Kcclcfiaaical Afliirs. 
 
 185 
 186 
 
 c Oi/iino(Ji 5 
 6 
 
 rnarius Matcrnus. 
 
 M, \filius Mctilius Bradua. 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 'mp. Commodus V. 
 M. Acilius Glabrio. 
 
 Jhout this time I uciusw /Vmr 
 of Britain » ///^ /,; hr: e jcnt 
 Lctttn to l\,pe tkuthcrius to 
 Juniilh hfm with I' roc hers to 
 pultijh the Chnjiun I'aith in 
 theje pans. 
 
 Origcn horn. 
 
 187 
 
 i8t 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 Tulliiis Cat CloJius 
 Cn.pinus. 
 
 Papirius /I-lianus. 
 
 AppoIIonius a qrcat Thiloj'o' 
 pher^ ./vv/ ^ u^S.H\t:romil//lrn]i) 
 J '^cnator^ p/euds his ,-nr, jnd the 
 iauje of the ChnJlun Religion 
 before the Senate, for ubich hefuf- 
 fers Martyrdom. 
 
 8 
 V 
 
 C. Allius Fufcianus. 
 
 I^uillius Silianus. 
 
 The Capitol burnt bs Light- 
 ning, which Jfffro)ed the adja- 
 cent buildings, cJpeciaUy the fa- 
 mous Libraries. 
 
 i8v 
 
 9 
 
 IC 
 
 Junius Silanus. 
 QJ>cr\'ilius Silanus. 
 
 Demetrius ordained Bifhop tf 
 Alexandria, who fate .jj )ears. 
 
 >crapion made Bffhvp of An- 
 tioch, this, or as others, the fol- 
 lowing year. 
 
 190 
 191 
 
 IC 
 
 II 
 
 Imp. Commodus VI. 
 Pctronius Scptimianus. 
 
 Commodus will have himfelf 
 accounted HcrcuIcs , the fon of 
 Jupiter, and accord tnqjy habits 
 himfelf ; with other extravagant 
 nifiances of foUy. 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 Callius Apronianus. 
 
 M. Attilius Mctilius 
 Bradua II. 
 
 Julian a Senator, and m.my 
 others Jaid to be martyred about 
 this time. 
 
 I9Z 
 
 13 
 
 Imp. Commodos VII. 
 P. Hclvius Pcrtinax. 
 
 Vope Eleuthenus hazing fate 
 IS years and 23 dau, dies; in 
 whofe room YidoT an Atricany^r- 
 ceeds. 
 
 
 
 
 Tt
 
 ^22 
 
 ^ Chr07iological Table. 
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 194 
 195 
 
 196 
 
 Roman 
 Emperours. 
 
 Cenfuls. 
 
 Ecclefiaftical Affairs. 
 
 Pertin.tx 
 
 k t Januar. 
 Dirl.Julian^ 
 a Mart. 28. 
 
 Seven X. j 
 
 iMaiiii.-' 
 
 Q^Sofius Falco. 
 C. Julius Clarus. 
 
 - 
 
 Severi i 
 
 Imp. Severus II. 
 
 Ciodius Albinus Cxfar II. 
 
 Clemens Alexandrinus Pan- 
 txnus his Scholar andjucceffor in 
 the Catechetic School ^was famous 
 about this time. 
 
 Pope Victor excommunicates 
 Theodorus the Heretic. 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 Q^Fl. TertuUus. 
 T. Fl. Clemens. 
 
 Narciiius made Bijhop of Je- 
 rufalem. He is famous for mi- 
 racles and an holy life. 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 Cn. Domitius Dexter. 
 L. Valerius Meflala Prifcus. 
 
 Pope Viftor revives the con- 
 troverfie ahout the celehration of 
 Eafler, threatens to excommuni- 
 cate the Afiatic Churches , for 
 which he is feverely reproved 
 hy many, and efpecially by Ire- 
 nsrus. 
 
 Several Synods holden to this 
 purpofe. 
 
 197 
 
 198 
 
 - 4 
 5 
 
 Ap. Claudius Lateranus. 
 M. Marius Rufinus. 
 
 The Jews and Samaritans re- 
 bel, and are overcome, and their 
 Religion ftriflly forbidden. Se- 
 verus triumphs for that Vi- 
 ctory. 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 Tib.Aterius Saturninus. 
 C. Annius Trebonius Callus 
 
 
 199 
 
 (5 
 
 7 
 
 P. Cornelius Anulinus. 
 M. Aufidius Fronto. 
 
 Severus creates his fin An- 
 toninus Emperour, his fon Geta 
 Caefar, and beftoivs a large Y>o- 
 nztlve upon the Souldiers, which 
 gave occafion to Tertullian to 
 write his Book De Corona. 
 
 '
 
 A Chronological Table. ^23 
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 Roman 
 Empcrours. 
 
 Confds. 
 
 Ecclefiaflical Allairs. 
 
 XOO 
 
 XOI 
 
 ZOl 
 
 Z03 
 
 S evert 7 
 g 
 
 Tib.Claudius Sevcrus. 
 C. Aufidius VicVorinus. 
 
 The Chrijlians at Rome Jc- 
 verely treated hy Plautianus />,/•- 
 fed of the Cit)., and in AlHc ly 
 Saturninus the Proconlul. 
 
 Tcrtullian writes his Apolrge- 
 tic either this^ or the Jollowing 
 year. 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 L. Annius Fabianus. 
 M. Nonius Mucianus. 
 
 Pope Vi*.'tor afer 9 )ears^ and 
 X months, being martyred, leaves 
 the place to Zcpli) rinus. 
 
 Tcrtullian prcjents hn Dif- 
 courje to the Frejident Scapula. 
 
 The Sixth Pcrfccurion ; where- 
 in Lconidas, Origcn'j Fathci 
 fufers Martyrdtm at Alexan- 
 dria : Irenxus at Lyons /« 
 France. 
 
 9 
 
 IC 
 
 Imp. Severus III. 
 Imp.Antoninus CaracaUa. 
 
 IC 
 
 11 
 
 P. Scptimius Getai 
 
 • 
 
 L. Scptimius Plautianus. 
 
 Origen a very Touth fets up a 
 Grammar School at Alexandria, 
 and becomes famous. 
 
 At \% years of Age he is pre- 
 ferred by Demetrius the BiJhop to 
 be Injlrudor of the Catechu- 
 mens. 
 
 204 
 
 II 
 
 IX 
 
 L.Fabius Cliiio Scptimius. 
 M. Annius Libo. 
 
 The iecular Games celebrated 
 at Rome, upon which occajwn, 
 probably , Tertullian wrote ha 
 Book be Spccfaculis, and it may 
 be, that Dc Idololatria. 
 
 X05 
 
 IX 
 
 13 
 
 Imp. Antoninus 
 CaracaUa If. 
 
 P. Scptimius Geta 
 Carfar. 
 
 
 io6 
 
 13 
 
 M.Nummi' Annius Albin'- 
 Fulvius ^milianus. 
 
 Origen makes the famous at- 
 tempt upon himfelf in making 
 hirnfelf an Eunuch. 
 
 Tt 1
 
 ^24 AChrofiological Table. 
 
 A»n. 
 
 Cbr. 
 
 Roman 
 Emperours. 
 
 Confuls. 
 
 Ecclefiaftical Affairs. 
 
 zo8 
 
 , 15 
 
 M.Flavius Aper. 
 Q^ Allius Maximus. 
 
 Tertullian ivr'ttes agair?Jt the 
 Marcionitcs ; and his Book De 
 Pallio, and was then ( pr oh ably ) 
 made Presbyter of Carthage. 
 
 About this time Minucius Fe- 
 lix isfuppofed to publijh his Dia- 
 logue called OQiSivms. 
 
 15 
 16 
 
 Imp. Antoninus. 
 Caracalla III. 
 
 P. Septimius Geta 
 C:Efar If. 
 
 
 209 
 
 ZIO 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 T. Claudius Pompeianus. 
 Lollianus Avitus. 
 
 
 17 
 
 i8 
 
 M. Acilius Fauftinus. 
 
 C. Cxfonius Macer. 
 Rufinianus. 
 
 
 2Ii 
 212 
 
 x8 
 
 Antoninus "7 
 Caracalla > I 
 ■i 4 Febr. 3 
 
 Q^Epidius Rufus Lollia- 
 nus Gentianus. 
 
 Pomponius Baflus. 
 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 M. Pompeius Afper. 
 P. Afper. 
 
 Alexander a Cappadocian 
 Bijhopy made Bijhop of Jerufa- 
 lem. 
 
 213 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Imp. Caracalla IV. 
 P. Cazlius Balbinus. 
 
 
 214 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 Silius Meflala. 
 
 i 
 
 Q^Aquilius Sabinus. 
 
 A difputation held at Rome 
 between Caius and Proclus one 
 <?/Montanus his Difciples; ivhere- 
 upon Tope Zephyrin excluded 
 Proclus and Tertullian commu- 
 nion with the Church of Rome, 
 which occajioned Tertullian .f//(3/-- 
 ting afide to Montanus /;« Party. 
 
 
 

 
 A Chronological Tabh\ ^25 
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 115 
 n6 
 
 117 
 
 118 
 11 V 
 
 Roman 
 Empcrours. 
 
 CohJuIs. 
 
 Ecclefiaflical Affairs. 
 
 Antonhit .^ 
 5 
 
 .^miliiis Lxtus. 
 Aoicius Ccrcalis. 
 
 Tcrtiillian nr/.'f - " the 
 Ortho/fv.\y a<r^.unjt i. . //,- 
 ■vei^hs under the name cj Piy- 
 chici. 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 Q^Aquilius iabinus II. 
 Sex. Corn. Anulinus. 
 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 DiiJum. K^I 
 i lo.Apiil. 3 
 
 Bruttius Pr.Tfcns. 
 Extricatus. 
 
 A Greek Trjnf!.ithn of the 
 
 Biblcy called the Fifth Edition, 
 
 found in a /fogs-he.id at Jericho, 
 
 /nfertcd ijOngcn into huOc\a- 
 
 pia. 
 
 1 
 
 Ant<mintH ~f 
 EUgjialm ^1 
 4 7jun. 3 
 
 Anton. Diadumcnus 
 Carfar. 
 
 Adventus. 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 Imp. Elagabalus II. 
 Licinius Saccrdos. 
 
 Fopc Zcphyriii dies. He fate 
 11 >rj/T, .i>id lo mufiy days. Suc- 
 ceeded by Califtui. 
 
 ZIC 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Imp.Elagabalus III. 
 
 M. Aurclius Eiitycliianus 
 Comazon. 
 
 Julius Africanus a jamous 
 Chrijlian Writer , fent upon an 
 F.rnl>.ijftc to the Etnperour., jor the 
 rebuilding (j Nicopolis ( ancient- 
 ly Emmaus ) a City in Paleflin. 
 
 111 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 .Annius Gratus. 
 Claudius Sclcucus. 
 
 
 111 
 
 4 
 
 A.exttUcr T 
 M.wn. >i 
 .» Martii 6. 3 
 
 Imp.Elagabalus IV. 
 
 M. Aurclius Scvcrus 
 Alexander Carfar. 
 
 Hyppolytus BilUp of Portus 
 compojes hu Pafchal Cancn. 

 
 ■^26 A Chronological Table. 
 
 A/i>i- 
 Cl.r. 
 
 223 
 
 224 
 
 225 
 226 
 
 ftoman 
 Imperours. 
 
 Cotifuls. 
 
 Ecclefiaflical Affairs. 
 
 Alexandri 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 vlaximus. 
 "apirius i^lianus. 
 
 Among the famous men of this 
 time jrmUlpian the Lawyer^ 11 ho 
 colle^led all the Imperial Edicts 
 formerly publijhed againjt the 
 Chrijiians. 
 
 2 
 
 Claudius Julianus, 
 Claudius Crifpinus. 
 
 The chrijiians cruelly perje- 
 cntedat Rome at the injligation 
 of Ulpian the great Lawyer. 
 
 Pope Calliftus martyred^ af- 
 ter he had fate ^ years, i month, 
 12 days. Urban chofen in his 
 room. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 L.Turpilius Dexter. 
 M.MocciusRufus. 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Imp. Alexander II. 
 C.Quin6Viiius Marcellus. 
 
 
 227 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 D. Caiius Baibinus II. 
 
 M.Clodius Pupienus 
 Maximus. 
 
 Hippolytus Bifhop of Portus 
 fuffers Martyrdom. 
 
 228 
 229 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Vettius Modeflus. 
 Probus. 
 
 Origen ordained Presbyter by 
 Alexander Bijhop of Jerufalem, 
 and Theo£tiftus of Ca:farea. 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 Imp. Alexander III. 
 Dio Caflius hiflorkm. 
 
 The Sixth Greek Edition 
 found at Nicopolis. 
 
 5 
 
 Calpurnius Agricola. 
 ) Clementinus. 
 
 Origen profecuted, and Syno- 
 dically condemned by Demetrius 
 Bifhop e/ Alexandria. 

 
 A Chronological J able. 
 
 327 
 
 Ann. I Roman 
 Chr. lEmpcroLirs. 
 
 ^-3' 
 
 131 
 
 Aksandrl 
 
 V 
 
 ic 
 
 IC 
 
 II 
 
 ConJnls. 
 
 r. Claudius PoiniKianus. 
 Fclicianus. 
 
 Julius Lupus. 
 Maximus. 
 
 ^33 
 
 ^31 
 
 ^35 
 
 I J 
 
 I i 
 
 1 2 
 
 13 
 
 i| 
 
 hLtximitfi \ 
 .1 1 S Mjrt. / 
 
 Maximus II. 
 Ovinius Patcrnus. 
 
 Maximus II f. 
 Urbanus. 
 
 LCatilius Scvcrus. 
 
 L.Ragonius Urinatius 
 Quinnaiius. 
 
 136 
 
 Imp. Ntaximius. 
 lie. Julius Africanus. 
 
 137 
 
 Pupinius "1 
 huibiniis S» 
 a Mail 26. 3 
 
 2 I*. Titius IV-rpctuub. 
 
 { . 0\ uiius Ruliicus 
 Cornciianus. 
 
 iS^lCor.//.;; 
 
 .1 Mcnfe 
 
 .1 vicnle > I 
 Martii. 3 
 
 M.UlpiusCrinitus. 
 
 C. Nonius Proculus 
 Tontianus. 
 
 tcclefiaflical AfTairs. 
 
 Origcn refigtis up his Citeche- 
 tic School to his SchuUr Hcraclas, 
 who IS joon after chojcn Hilhob (,} 
 .Alexandria. 
 
 J'o/'i- Urban U/rjf/tv/. j/c i, 
 fnccctflfA by I'ontianus. 
 
 Origcn departs from Alexan- 
 dria, and fixes his refidtncc at 
 Ca-farca /« Paltflin. 
 
 Plotmus Itiotnes Ammonius 
 his Scholar at Alexandria. 
 
 Pontianus Bifhop of Rome 
 banilhcd into Sardinia. 
 
 Maximinus raifes the Seventh 
 Perfecution agatnfl the Chn- 
 flians. 
 
 Origcn writes his exhortation 
 to Alan > rdctn. 
 
 Pope Pontianus y«/frj mar- 
 tjrdom in Sardmia. 
 
 Anterui/«ctf^//f in the Chair. 
 
 AntCTUs fcarce havinz^ P^Jfefed 
 his place one month ^ tsjlani; and 
 Fabian elected m his room.
 
 
 5 2 8 A Chro7wlogical Table. 
 
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 239 
 
 240 
 
 241 
 
 242 
 
 Koman 
 Emperours. 
 
 Conjuls. 
 
 Ecclefiaftical Affairs. 
 
 
 Gordiani i 
 
 2 
 
 Imp.Gordianus. 
 M. Acilius Aviola. 
 
 Zebinus Bifhop of Antioch 
 dies J Babylas is ckofen to that 
 See. 
 
 
 2 
 ^ 3 
 
 Vettius Sabinus. 
 Venuflus. 
 
 About this time Origen is 
 thought to have taken his fecond 
 journey to Athens, where he Jim- 
 Jhed his Commentaries upon Eze- 
 kiel. 
 
 
 4 
 
 Imp.Gordianus II. 
 T.Claudius Pompeian'' II. 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 CAufidius Atticus. 
 C. Afmius Prretextatus. 
 
 - 
 
 1 
 
 M3 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 C.Julius Africanus. 
 i^milius Pappus. 
 
 Origen is jent for into Ara- 
 bia, Kbere he dijputes xvith^ and 
 converts Beryllus from his un- 
 Jound and erroneous opinions. \ 
 
 i 
 
 244 
 245' 
 246 
 
 247 
 
 6 
 
 phihff -1 
 
 k menfe x'' I 
 
 April. 3 
 
 Fuivius^milianus. 
 Peregrinus. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 - -.■'■'•"■■ ^ 
 
 Imp. Philippus. 
 
 .IE 
 
 Tib. Fabius Titianus. 
 
 1 
 
 1 \ 
 
 
 
 Bruttius Prxfens. 
 Nummius Albinus. 
 
 Dionyfius, one of OrigenV 
 Scholars y and fuccejfors in the 
 Schola Ka-rri^a^wv, made Bijhop 
 of Alexandria. 
 
 
 \ 
 
 Imp. Philippus II. 
 M. Philippus F. Cxfar. 
 
 The Annus Millefimus ab 
 \3.Cbegun this, ended the follow- 
 ing year , and celebrated by the 
 Emperour with all imaginable Jo- 
 lemnity and magnificence. 
 
 
 ,
 
 A ChroTw/oif/ca/ lab It: 
 
 329 
 
 Ann. 
 Chr. 
 
 Roman 
 EmiK-rours. 
 
 Cviifuls. 
 
 z.|! 
 
 My 
 
 I'htlippt .J (mp. Philipinis I IF. 
 
 M. Julius Philippus F.If. 
 
 Fxclcfullical Adairs. 
 
 Cyprian ckofcn Bijlop oj 
 Carthage. 
 
 fiulvius .-tmilianus II. 
 
 6 
 Dccius 'x ' 
 i.Maio. f ' V'cttius Aquilinus, 
 
 ijo 
 
 xfi r 
 
 151 
 
 ^n 
 
 Imp. Nfcllius Dccius. 
 
 Annius Maximum Gratus. 
 
 1 (mp. Dccius If. 
 
 3 
 
 Ulhu, li i 
 I'oluji.tniii ^ J 
 
 F. a Dec. 3 iQj_F.trufcus Dcci' F. Cxfar 
 
 Imp.Trcbonianus Gallus II. 
 
 i C. Vibius Volufianus. 
 
 VjderiJJius '1 
 aim Gilhc- > i 
 woF.aDcc. 3 
 
 ^H 
 
 1 C. Vibius Volufianus H. 
 M. Valerius Maximus. 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 155 
 
 1 
 
 Imp. Licinius Valcrianus II 
 
 Imp. Gallicnus. 
 Imp. Valcrianus III. 
 
 Imp. Gallicnus II. 
 
 . / tumult /-jz/f^/ .;/ Alexandria 
 h "» Impcjhr^ ^r.ci occafion to 
 a brdimtMAry Verjecution JgJinJi 
 the ChriJiijMS there. 
 
 The Eighth Pcrfccution rjifeJ 
 hy Dccius. 
 
 5. Cyprian m retirement. 
 
 Pope Fabian mart) red. After 
 whoje decealc j vjijttcy in thjt 
 See for abne a year, Novatbn 
 endeavouring to thrufi himjelj 
 in. 
 
 Great Schifms in the .African 
 churches about the lapJeJ. 
 
 Cornelius eleilcd Bijkop vf 
 Rome. 
 
 The Novatian Dotlnnes con- 
 demned in a Synod of 60 Bijhops 
 at Rome. 
 
 The Fmpcrours renew the Ter- 
 feCutioH begun under Dccius. 
 
 A great mortality throughout 
 the It orld. 
 
 Cornelius /r/? banrjhed^ then 
 recalled, cruelly beaten, and at lajl 
 beheaded. 
 
 ] Mcius fucccedi him. 
 
 Origcn dies, and is bur nd at 
 Tyre. 
 
 Valerian the Emperour at firfl 
 a great Patron of the Chrtjlians. 
 
 Pope Lucius ajter one year, and 
 three months Ju^ers Martyrdom. 
 Stephen a Roman chcjen to be hu 
 /ut:ce(/or. 
 
 L u
 
 .^w-7. Koir.aa 
 Cbr. Itiniperours. 
 
 320 
 
 A Chronological Table. 
 
 Coiifuls, 
 
 yakiiani 3 
 
 256 
 
 2-5; 
 
 .58 
 
 2-59 
 
 i6o 
 
 M. Valerius Maximus. 
 M. Acilius Glabrio. 
 
 Gallienus 
 (olus, capto 
 
 7 
 
 Ecclcflailical Affairs. 
 
 J he great controuerjie ahcut 
 the relaptizirig juch as had been 
 h.iptiz.ed l^ Heritks hotly-venti- 
 lated. 
 
 The heats between Cyprian 
 rtA?^Stephcn fl/Romc. 
 
 Imp. Valerianus IV. 
 Imp. Gallienus III. 
 
 The Ninth Pcrfecution begun 
 by Valerian. 
 
 Sabellius confounds the per- 
 fons in the Trinity^ and fpreads 
 his Herefie. 
 
 M. Aurelius Memmius 
 Fufcus. 
 
 Pomponius BafTus. 
 
 Fulvius yEmiiianus 
 al. Gallienus IV. 
 
 Pomponius BafTus II. 
 
 al. Valerianus ju^i. 
 
 7 
 
 Cornelius Seculans. 
 
 Junius Donatus. 
 
 x6i 
 
 i6z 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 Fope Stephen [lain Aug. 2. 
 ivhkh others rejer to the foregoing 
 year. Sixtiis Jucceeds. 
 
 S. Cyprian beheaded at Car- 
 thage, .5ept. 14. 
 
 Pope Sixtus a^d his Deacon 
 Laurentius receiz'e the Croiin of 
 Martyrdom. 
 
 Diony{\\iS fucceeds in the See 
 of Rome. 
 
 Imp. Gallienus IV. 
 Volufianus. 
 
 Imp. Gailienus V. 
 App.Pompeius Fauflinus. 
 
 .63 
 
 10 
 
 II 
 
 Nummius Albinus. 
 Maximus Dexter. 
 
 Pauh/ Samofata made B^Jhop 
 of Antioch. 
 
 GallienusT?^/^ the Pcrfecution 
 agaihjl the Chriftians. 
 
 Dionyfius Bifiop of Alexan- 
 dna writes to Pope Dionyfius 
 to vindicate himfelj from thejufpi- 
 cion ^ Sabellianifm charged upon 
 him. 
 
 yEmylian attempts to make 
 himjelf Emperour , and befieges 
 Alexandria, where the Chrijtians 
 are reduced to great fir ait s^
 
 A ChrOTiological Table. 221 
 
 Ann. Roman 
 Chr. 1 Emjx-rours. 
 
 Coiijkls. 
 
 
 
 Fcclcfiaflicai .Allairs. 
 
 x6^ 
 %6j 
 
 Gallieni 1 1 
 11 
 
 fmp. Gallicnus VI. 
 .'tmilius Saturninui. 
 
 
 11 
 13 
 
 Valcrianus Cxfar I/. 
 
 L Cxfonius Lucillus 
 Maccr Kufinianus. 
 
 A Synorl hcU at .Antiocli a- 
 gainjl Paulus Samolatciius the 
 Bijhop if ,t. 
 
 Dionyfius Bifhop r/ Alcxan- 
 clria,./^^ Gregory Hilhvp cj Nco- 
 cafarca depart this hje. 
 
 Hymxnus ordaiticd JViJhop of 
 Jcrulaltm. 
 
 *3 
 
 Imp. Gallicnus VII. 
 SabiniUus. 
 
 If 
 
 Ovinius Patcrnus. 
 .Arccfilaus. 
 
 
 z6S 
 
 15 
 
 iM.irt.2lJ ^ 
 
 Ovinius Patcrnus II. 
 Marinianus. 
 
 Claudius the Emperour pcrjc 
 cutci the Chrifliam at Rome. 
 
 z6y 
 170 
 171 
 
 I 
 1 
 
 Imp. Aur.CIaudiui. 
 Ovinius Patcrnus III. 
 
 
 AureliAnW "> 
 a Mart. 5" 
 
 Flavius Antiocliianus. 
 Furius Orfitus. 
 
 Another Synod held at .Anti- 
 och, nherein Paul of Samofata 
 h condemned and dcpojed, and 
 Domnus placed in his room. 
 
 Fopc Dionyfius d/es. Decern. 
 i6. 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 Imp. Aurclianus. 
 
 Pomponius lialfus 
 <7/.C.Jul.Capitolinus. 
 
 Felix chofen Bifhop of Rome. 
 
 271 
 
 2. 
 
 3 
 
 Quietus. 
 Voldumianus. 
 
 Many Ju^'er Martyrdom about 
 this time. 
 
 Uuz
 
 55 
 
 A Chronological Table. 
 
 Ann. 
 Cbr. 
 
 Roman 
 Emperours. 
 
 Confuls. 
 
 Aurelhnl 3 M. Claudius Tacitus. 
 Furlus Placidianus. 
 
 27^ 
 
 2-75 
 
 276 
 
 Ecclefiallical Affairs. 
 
 Tacitus 
 
 a 2 5. Sep. 
 
 } 
 
 Imp. Aurcilanus II. 
 C. Julius Capitolinus. 
 
 Imp. Aurelianus III. 
 T. Nonius Marcellinus. 
 
 Florinnus "J 
 
 April 1 2. J 
 
 i'nhui a "i I 
 
 '111. I. J 
 
 ^-77 
 
 27c 
 
 Imp.M. CI. Tacitus II. 
 
 Fulvius yEmilianus. 
 
 Imp. Aurelius Probus. 
 
 Anicius Paulinus 
 al. M. Furius Lupus. 
 
 Zenobia Queen of the Palmy- 
 reni,ajewefs,"a;7^(^ if feme might 
 he credited^ a Cliriftian, over- 
 come Ly Aureiian, and carried 
 in triumph to Rome. 
 
 Pope Felix crowned with mar- 
 tyrdom , after he had fitten 4 
 years and 5 months. His fuc- 
 cejjor was Eutychianus a Tuf- 
 can. 
 
 2 Imp. Probus 11. 
 
 M. Furius Lupus 
 al. Virius. 
 
 279 
 
 Imp. Probus III. 
 
 Ovinius Paternus 
 
 ^/.CJunius Tiberianus. 
 
 .80 
 
 Junius Meflala. 
 
 Gratus. 
 
 The Manichcean Herefiefprings 
 up, planted by Manes a Perfian, 
 originally called Curbicum, the 
 Author of that wild and execrable 
 Sell 
 
 Anatolius Bifhop of Laodicea, 
 eminent for his skill in Fhilofo- 
 phy and Humane Learning. He 
 had formerly been Co/league with 
 Theotecnus Bifhop of Cxfarea 
 in Pala:ftin. 
 
 Cyrillus the 1 8 Bifhop of An- 
 tioch.
 
 A Chronolo^fical Table. 
 
 333 
 
 Ann. 
 
 Chr. 
 
 x8i 
 
 z8i 
 
 Carus cum 
 IFNiime- 
 riat», Ctri- 
 
 .83 
 
 z84 
 
 Roman 
 Empcrours. 
 
 Proli 
 
 5 
 
 Oioclefut- ") 
 ■till ^ J* 
 
 jcpt. 17. 3 
 
 .85 
 
 :86 
 
 3 
 
 187 
 
 CoHJuli 
 
 fmp. Probus l\'. 
 
 C. Junius Tibcrianus. 
 
 rmp. Probus V. 
 Pom[K)nius Vidoiinus. 
 
 fmp. M. C arus. 
 
 M, A. Carinus C;rlar. 
 
 Imp. Carinus. 
 fmp. Numcrianu";. 
 
 Imp. Dioclcfianus I/. 
 Aridobulus. 
 
 Maximus Junius 
 rnfciUianus. 
 
 Vcttius Aquillnus. 
 
 3 Imp. Dioclcfianus III. 
 
 fmp. Maximianus 
 Hcrculeus. 
 
 Rcclcfiaftical Affairs. 
 
 Thconas created Bijhop <>j 
 Alexandria, the i > H/lhup at th.it 
 Church. 
 
 Eut) chbnus Bijhop pJ Rome 
 crowned ntth Mjrtyrdotrf, Dc- 
 ccmb. 8. 1//S fucceffbr n\n Caius, 
 ./Dalmatian, jnd .t Kinfman (^us 
 IS fiiid ) 0} DioclcTian. 
 
 The Dioclcfian yEr.j /f^/wy 
 here. 
 
 * The Thcbivan Leijon under 
 thecomtrjnd of Mauricius,/^/wg 
 Jent to attend upon Maximian /« 
 h'tsespcdttion aq^amji ti.e Ijagau- 
 ci.-c, and refuhrg to do Jacnpce^ 
 are f.rjl decimated, and then nni- 
 verfally dellroyed at Oiflodurus 
 in France. 
 
 Dioclcfian and ^faximian 
 write to the Proconful <J Alric 
 to pnnilh the Manichccs, to hum 
 their Books, execute their Perjcns, 
 and confiscate their FjUtes. 
 
 •Thoiigli tliis fcems tlie mofc [toj cr I'crioJ for the Martyrdom ol" the 7i^/'.r./« Legi- 
 on u hen Maxm..m was lent againft the Rebels in Vranct ; yet is it faid in the Ads of" their, 
 Mart\rdom, that in their journey out of the E/»/?,they came to Romt, and were conhim-! 
 ed in tlie Faith hv M.irce'lir.-is then Bifhopol" it. Which if fo, they could not lufttr lcx)ru 
 \h^J^Attn. Lhr. CC\L\ 1. when MarccUinui (licccedcd in that See.
 
 ^-4 
 
 ^ Chronological Table. 
 
 .■i If'. 
 
 :hr. 
 X9Z 
 
 2-93 
 
 X94 
 196 
 
 Roman 
 Empcrours. 
 
 Confuls. 
 
 Ecclcfiaftical Affairs. 
 
 D'ioclejiani 
 
 4 
 
 5I 
 
 M. Aurclius Maximus. 
 Pomponius Januarius. 
 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 Annius Baflus. 
 
 L. RagoniusQuin£lianus. 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Fmp. Dioclefianus IV. 
 
 rmp. Maximianus 
 Herculeus II. 
 
 Tharacus, Probus, ami An- 
 dronicus fufier Martyrdom at 
 Tarfiis in Cilicia. 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 C.Junius Tiberianus. 
 Caflius Dio. 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 Afranius Hannibalianus. 
 M. Aur. Afclepiodotus. 
 
 
 9 
 
 IC 
 
 Imp. Dioclefianus V. 
 Imp. Maximianus III. 
 
 Dioclefian ajfumes the title of 
 Lord, challenges divine honours^ 
 andjuffers himfelf to be adored as 
 God. 
 
 10 
 II 
 
 Conflantius Chlorus 
 
 Cxfar. 
 Galerius Maximianus 
 
 Casfar. 
 
 
 II 
 
 IZ 
 
 Nummius Tufcus. 
 
 Annius Cornelius 
 Anulinus. 
 
 " 
 
 12 
 13 
 
 Imp. Dioclefianus VI. 
 Conflantius Caefar II. 
 
 Caius Bijhof of Rome marty- 
 'red A^x'A zi. 
 
 Marcellinus a Romanfucceeds 
 in the Government of that Church, 
 who in the Dioclefian Perfecu- 
 tion lapfed andfacrificed to Idols, 
 though reco'vering he died a Mar- 
 tyr. 

 
 A Cbronolo<^ical Table. 
 
 335 
 
 .Inn. 
 
 Chr. 
 
 iy 
 
 Roman 
 Einuerouii.' 
 
 Diochju. 
 
 nil 
 
 2y8 
 
 2-99 
 
 300 
 
 ^3 
 
 1^ 
 
 15 
 
 Co Jul s 
 
 mp. fvlaximianu^ Ucrcu- 
 
 leiis ^^ 
 Valerius C;v(ar II. 
 
 Anicius Kauflus. 
 Scvcrus Cialliis. 
 
 F.cclcfiartical Mhns. 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 linp.uioclc.anub VII. 
 
 Imp. Maximianus Htrcu- 
 IcusVI. 
 
 Conflantius Chlorus 
 CaMar III. 
 
 Galerius Armcntarius 
 Cxfar IH. 
 
 'Aohd^is 01 ihinccl the z7 Bi- 
 Jhupof Jcrufaltm. 
 
 The Chr'iftijHS Jt Rome h.imf- 
 jecl vut in working at Dioclclian .f 
 Baths, moji of ivhom^ when the 
 H'ork wjs Jimjheei, nere put to 
 rfc-.ith^ though //r Tenth Pcrfccu- 
 tion (lid not uni\(rjaU\ ligiu till 
 three years after ^ Ann. Chr. 303. 
 Dioclcf. 19. 
 
 FINIS.

 
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