J I, I B972a 1911 ft S ft ft -38 ft ft I ft ss . - ., : ft ft'ft ft ft S^ft- ft *. ft ft ft ft' **: Date Due MAY 1952 -mm- SS. COSMOS AND DAMIAN The Patron Saints of Medicine and Pharmacy From an MS. of the XV century SECTIONAL INDEX FAGE Uroscopy In Antiquity 1 1 In the Middle Ages 27 In Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 43 Animalcula in Uroscopy 55 Uroscopy in Art 61 Scientific Urine Analysis 75 ' Wellcome ' Materia Medica Farm 93 Historical Medical Equipments 101 Some Characteristic Cases 153 Formulary B. W. & Co. Products 159 ' Tabloid ' Brand Products 197 ' Wellcome ' Brand Products 237 A JUDGMENT FROM URINE From an oil painting by Jan Staen (16381689) LfBFf-RY OF , LY^ft JK [ C AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE LECTURE MEMORANDA American Medical Association Los ANGELES 191 1 HIM URROUGHS WELLCOME & CO. LONDON (NG.) !UENOS AIRES ;HTS KHSKK-\ ED M iTimj nO 3SSJJQO MSYH? \Qll Actuarius Albumen Alsaharavius Analysis Cases, ' Soloid ' Brand Animalcula in Urine ... Antidote Case, ' Tabloid ' Brand Arabian School Babylonian Observations Bacteriological Case, ' Soloid ' Brand Bellini's Investigations Berzelius makes First Quantitative Analysis Blood Test Case, ' Soloid ' Brand Boerhaave discovers Urea ... Cases Cycle, Carriage, Motor, etc. Cases, ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Chemicals, ' Wellcome ' Brand Chemical Tests Introduced Chevreul notes Grape Sugar Constantine Africanus Cruickshank's Researches Copper Test . . De Corbel! Diagnosis from Urine Divination from Liver Dobson's Investigations Double Cyanide Gauze Dow's "The Doctor" Dow's " The Water Doctor " Dow's " La Femme Hydrophique" Dressings, Surgical, 'Tabloid' Brand Earliest English Book on Uroscopy ' Elixoid ' Products ' Enule ' Products ' Epinine ' Products ' Ernutin ' Products ... Fletcher's Work First- Aid, 'Tabloid' Brand... 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Products Galen Haly Abbas Hamand's Work ' Hazeline ' Preparations Hippocrates ... 21 19 Si 24 H5 55 144 23 i3 146 II H7 75 137 153 237 77 82 29 79 3i 59 12 77 163 66 67 69 161 164 166 1 66 39 148 159 19 23 45 167 17 Historical Medical Equipments IOI Hypodermic Apparatus 1 68 Hypodermic Pocket-Cases, ' Tabloid ' Brand 129 Hypodermic Products, ' Tabloid ' Brand 169 Jan Steen's Humorous Pictures ... ... ... ... 73 ' Kepler ' Products 174 Liebig's Investigations 85 Medicine Pocket-Cases, ' Tabloid ' Brand 134 Metzu's Uroscopist 71 Montagnana's Chart ... ... ... ... ... ... 35 Ophthalmic Pocket-Cases, ' Tabloid ' Brand 133 Ophthalmic Products, ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Brands ... 177 Paracelsus ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 43 Parasites in Urine ... ... ... ... ... ... 59 Pastilles, ' Tabloid ' Brand 179 Persian Practices 24 Photographic Products, ' Tabloid ' Brand 181 Prout marks a New Era ... ... ... ... ... 82 Quack Uroscopists ... ... ... ... ... ... 51 Rhases 24 Rouelle isolates Urea 77 Ryckaert's Uroscopist ... ... ... ... ... 73 Salernan Practice 27 Sanitary Towels, Pleated Compressed, ' Tabloid ' Brand 185 Sera, 'Wellcome' Brand 186 Shakespeare's Allusions 53 ' Soloid ' Brand Products 188 " Spagyric Analysis " ... ... ... ... ... 43 Specific Gravity 75 Steele and Wollaston investigate Calculi 82 Suppositories, ' Enule ' Brand 164 ' Tabloid ' Brand Products 197 'Tabloid' Medical Equipments ... ... ... ... 129 ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Cases 129 Testing, Indicators for ... ... ... ... ... 195 Thirteenth Century Satire 32 Urea discovered ... ... ... ... ... ... 75 Urine Glasses 37, 39 Vaccines, ' Wellcome ' Brand 232 ' Valoid ' Brand Products 233 ' Valule ' Brand Products 233 Van Helmont's Researches ... ... ... ... ... 47 ' Vaporole ' Brand Products ... ... ... .. 234 ' Wellcome ' Brand Products 237 ' Wellcome ' Materia Medica Farm 93 Wells and Blackall on Albumen 81 Willis's Observations... ... ... ... ... ... 49 FOREWORD HISTORICAL EXHIBITION OF RARE AND CURIOUS OBJECTS RELATING TO MEDICINE, CHEMISTRY, PHARMACY AND THE ALLIED SCIENCES, LONDON, 1913 FOR many years I have been engaged in researches respecting the early methods employed in the healing art, both among civilised and uncivilised peoples ; and with the object of stimulating the study of the great past, I have had in my mind for some time past, the organisation of an exhibition in connection with the history of medicine, chemistry, pharmacy and the allied sciences, my aim being to bring together a collection of historical objects illustrating the development of the art and science of healing, etc., throughout the ages. I have been strongly urged and have decided to hold the Historical Medical Exhibition, which has been in process of organisation for some years past, at the same time as the International Medical Congress, which is due to take place in London, in the year 1913. This decision will, I have no doubt, suit the convenience of the many medical practitioners from all parts of the world, who will be visiting England on the occasion of the Congress. The success of the Historical Medical Exhibition will depend largely upon the co-operation of those interested in the subject with which it deals, and I again appeal, therefore, to all who possess objects of historical medical interest, to render their kind assistance by loaning them to me, so that the Exhibition may be thoroughly representative. A syllabus containing full particulars will be forwarded on request. HENRY S. WELLCOME THE EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT O F URINE ANALYSIS An Historical Sketch of the Clinical Examination of Urine SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTERS PAGE CHAPTER I Uroscopy in Antiquity n CHAPTER II Uroscopy in the Middle Ages 27 CHAPTER III Uroscopy in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries . 43 CHAPTER IV Animalcula in Uroscopy 55 CHAPTER V Uroscopy in Art 61 CHAPTER VI The Advent of Scientific Urine Analysis . . . .75 CHAPTER I UROSCOPY IN ANTIQUITY THERE is perhaps no excretion of the human body which possesses more interest to the medical practi- tioner, and probably none which throws so strong a light on the organic processes of the diseased as well as the healthy body, as the urine. The origin of uroscopy, or the art of diagnosing disease from the inspection and examination of the urine, is practically co-eval with the Antiquity of genesis of the art of healing itself, and, after a careful investigation of the subject, one must conclude 12 THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS that from time immemorial, the changes and variations which urine undergoes in health and disease have been observed by man. Beginning with the first written records of the earliest civilisation, it is difficult to ascertain, with certainty, whether the Sumerian and Babylonian physicians were in the habit of examining the urine of those that were sick in order to diagnose the nature of the disease from which they were suffering. There is, however, strong evidence that they had studied the physical appearance of the urine. As far as our knowledge extends, they did not experiment upon human beings, and most of their physiological knowledge was probably derived from the examination of animals, usually the sacrificial victims. This was especially the case with regard to the nature and functions of the component Divination P arts f tne li ver ' * n regard to which they from the attained a remarkable degree of accuracy, considering that all their knowledge was obtained from the examination of the livers of sheep and lambs offered in the temples. Among the many antient Babylonian tablets known, there are none relating to divination from urine of either animals or human beings, although the urine of animals asses, sheep and dogs is mentioned as a constituent of some of their strange magical medicines, in a similar way to which it was used so extensively in Egypt. There are, however, in the British Museum some fragments of a Syllabarium, or dictionary of words and Bab Ionian s ^ ns > renting to parts of the human body, knowledge Among the parts treated of, are the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys and phallus. Following the latter are some signs and words relating to the urine which show that the Sumerian and Babylonian physicians, at a period of about 4000 B.C., had noticed the various changes in colour and in constitution that the urine undergoes. THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS The sign for urine is a compound one, composed of ^T US. Phallus ft "water" and written ^jijT, the Semitic name being sinatu. This cor- responds with the Egyptian hieroglyphic, which is / e =u) /WWVA " water of the phallus." One reason why so little information as to urine is to be found in the tablets has been attributed to the fact that the Babylonians, like most of the Orientals of to-day, did not perform the operation of micturition in a vessel, but on the ground or down a drain, and so there was little opportunity of observing the colour and constitution of the urine. Still, from the above-mentioned fragments a number of interesting idiographic groups can be Babylonians obtained, which show that the keenly coi^ursc? 6 observant Sumerians and Babylonians had urine not passed over unnoticed the various changes in colour and consistency of the urine. I. ^WrlT ^1 explained as sinatu pizu, "white or pure urine." II. ff1T (**- explained as sinatu zalmi, "black or dark urine." III. J^jf ^TITr or -^HRf" "^TIU explained as urpati sinatu, " clouds of the urine." IV. CmlT (lost). Explained as tidu sa sinatu, " mud or sediment of the urine." explained as sinatu burst. This is a very interesting group, as the second square means " bright, very bright red," and evidently indicates blood-coloured urine. THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS VI. Another group, which is badly mutilated, is explained as kalmat sinatu, "the worm of the urine." "T w rm This may allude to casts, the small secretions of the from the vessels of the kidneys. Another expression that occurs in the tablets is worthy of note, and that is " knot of threads," which probably refers to the long albuminous threads which often appear in urine. From these fragmentary observations it would appear that the Babylonians were greatly in advance of other nations of their time in the pathological examination of the bodily secretions. It is stated by some authorities that the Persians were the earliest known people to use the inspection of urine as an aid to the diagnosis of disease. We cannot confirm this statement, and have been unable to trace the history of uroscopy in Persian medicine to an earlier period than the eleventh century. This, together with the fact that the religious principles of that nation forbade contact with unclean objects, foremost among which were excreta, renders it very improbable that uroscopy was originated by the Persians. From the earliest records known of Hindu medicine, it would appear that the physical examination of the urine was employed by their physicians from a period of great antiquity. According to their earliest code, they were taught to diagnose disease from the appearance of the patient's eyes, skin, voice, pulse and urine, and the latter especially was regarded as of great importance as an indicator of disease. In the antient Sanskrit works on medicine, elaborate descriptions of the appearance of urine in different diseases are given. All morbid conditions were termed prameha, and were divided into twenty varieties. Ten of these were believed to originate from deranged phlegm; six from deranged bile, and the remaining four from wind. THE EVOLUTION OK URINE ANALYSIS 15 The phlegmatic varieties were known as follows : 1. Udakameha, water-like urine. The urine is clear, white, cold, copious, and has no smell. 2. Iksumeha, cane-sugar juice urine. The urine is very sweet, cold, sticky, opaque, like the juice of cane sugar. 3. Satidrameha, thick, fluid urine. The urine becomes thick after standing some time. 4. Surameha, urine like brandy. The urine is clear above and turbid below. 5. Pistaineha, floury white urine. When the patient is passing this variety of urine, the hair over the body becomes erect, and the urine looks as though mixed with flour. Urination is painful. 6. Sukrameha, semen urine. The urine either looks like semen, or is mixed with it. 7. Sittimeha, cold urine. The urine is very cold, sweet and copious. 8. Sanainmeha, slow urine. The urine in this variety is passed very slowly. g. Sikantameha, sandy urine. The urine is very muddy and urination very painful. 10. Lalameha, frothy urine. The urine has threads and is passed in small quantities (albuminous urine). All the diseases indicated by this variety were believed to be curable. Deranged bile was said to produce the following conditions : 1. Ksurmeha, potash urine. The urine has the taste, smell, touch and colour of potash. 2. Kalameha, black urine. The urine is like ink. 3. Nilameha, blue urine. The urine is clear and acid. 4. Sonitameha, urine containing blood. The urine is of bad odour, hot, and tastes of salt, like blood. 5. Manjisthumeha, madder urine. The urine is like the colour of the water of madder, and has a strong smell. 6. Haridrameha, turmeric urine. The urine is yellow like the turmeric water, and smells very bad. 16 ( THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS Deranged wind was believed to produce the following conditions : 1. Vasameha, fatty urine. The urine is either mixed with fat or looks like it. 2. Majjameha, bone marrow urine. The urine either looks like, or is mixed with, marrow of the bone. 3. Hastimelia, elephant urine. The patient con- tinuously passes turbid urine like a mad elephant. 4. Madhumeha, honey urine. The urine is astringent, sweet, white and sharp. The last description described is the urine of diabetes mellitus, a disease with which the Hindus were apparently acquainted. There is evidence from the works of Charaka and Susurata, who flourished several years before the Christian era, that they recognised and observed the sweet taste of diabetic urine. These antient authors noticed that long trains of large black ants were attracted by sweet (honey) urine, and thus these insects became recognised as a means of diagnosis. Madhumeha (diabetes mellitus) is also mentioned in the Bower Manuscript, which dates from about A.D. 500, in which Susurata is quoted. It is worthy of note also that the Hindus knew the association of carbuncle and other skin troubles with diabetes, and also its danger, and commented upon the hereditary and congenital forms of this disease. It may be here remarked that the Hindu physicians recognised the enlargement of the prostate gland, with its attendant evils, as early as 100 B.C. Charaka describes it as follows : " Deranged wind between the bladder and the rectum produces a large hard ball like a stone, which is the cause of suppression of urine. There is much pain and swelling in the bladder. The disease is called Asthila." Although no definite mention of inspection of the urine is made in the Papyrus Ebers or any other of uroscopy in the ant i ent Egyptian medical papyri, it is antient very probable that the Egyptian physicians practised the art of uroscopy as an aid to diagnosis, although there is no written evidence of it. In the early Greek era, we find that Hippocrates (400 B.C.), the Greek father of medicine, in his works, frequently urges the impor- observations tance of the examination of urine in prognosis, on and his allusions show that the art of uroscopy was frequently practised in his time. He pointed out the effect of food and drink on the secretion, its variation in colour, odour and transparency, and taught the symptomatic and prognostic signification of these changes. " Urine is best," he states, " when the sediment is white, smooth and consistent, during the whole time until the disease comes to a crisis, for it indicates freedom from danger and an illness of short duration ; but if deficient, and if it be sometimes passed clear and sometimes with a white and smooth sediment, the disease will be more protracted and not so void of danger. If the urine be reddish and the sediment consistent and smooth, the affection in this case will be more protracted than the former, but still not fatal. Farmacious sediments in the urine are bad, and still worse are the leafy ; the white and thin are very bad ; but the furfuraceous are still worse than these. Clouds carried about in the urine are good when white, but bad if black. When the urine is yellow and thin, it indicates that the disease is unconcocted. The most deadly of all kinds of urine are the fetid, watery, black and thick ; in adult men and women the black is of all kinds of urine the worst, but in children, the watery. " One should consider respecting the kinds of urine which have clouds, whether they tend upwards or downwards, and the colours which they have ; and such as fall downwards with the colours as described are to be reckoned good and commended; but such as are carried upwards with the colours as described are to be held as bad and are to be distrusted." In cases of fever Hippocrates laid great stress on the examination of the urine, and states : " One may judge from the urine what is to take place, for if it is HIPPOCRATES INSTRUCTING STUDENTS IN THE "JUDGMENT" OF DISEASE FROM THE URINE From a woodcut of the XV csntury THE EVOLUTION thicker and more yellowish so much the better, but if it be thinner and blacker so much the worse." Galen (A.D. 130) followed largely the teaching of Hippocrates, and in his " Commentary " _ , , praises him for the acuteness of his prognosis attention to of the urine. Like other antient physicians, this master paid great attention to the characters of urine in disease, and his knowledge of the subject was remarkable considering the state of learning at the time. Paulus /Egineta, another famous physician who nourished probably in the latter half of the seventh century, wrote very fully in his works on the value of inspection of the urine in diagnosing disease. He states that, " from the inspection of the urine of healthy persons, as a rule we may form our judgment of that of persons in disease. That ^ gineta urine, therefore, is best, which is nearest remarks on to that of healthy persons. Such is that ofuroscopy which is at the same time of a faintish india e nosis golden, or faintish saffron colour, and which, more- over, is moderate as to consistence. There are three varieties of turbid urine ; for, either straightway after being voided it deposits a sediment ; or it always remains the same ; or it is voided pure, but afterwards becomes turbid ; of these, the third is bad, the first favourable, the second intermediate between them. That which is wholly unconcocted, being altogether watery, is symptomatic of digestion being entirely gone in the venous system ; and when it is passed frequently, the disease is called diabetes, which is the worst of unconcocted urines. Next to these is the thin and white urine, which resembles water. Nearly allied to these, is another kind of urine, appearing in many diseases, and which is very like to the thin and white. The palish is next to this. The pale may also be of a faintish golden colour, and is concocted in proportion as it partakes of this colour. It ought, however, to be as much different from water in thickness as in colour, if it is to be properly THE EVOLUTION OF URINE concocted. But if it preserve exactly its natural colour, and have a white, smooth, equable and copious sediment, it is indicative of perfect digestion. A greater quantity than natural indicates that a crude humour is purged off; but if it is somewhat thicker than natural, and has a certain sediment, it is not then altogether unconcocted. But if it have gritty, scaly, furfuraceous, black, livid, green, or fetid sediments, such urine is altogether unconcocted and particularly mortal. But urine of a proper colour, and which at the same time has white, smooth, and equable sediments, or certain cloud-like appearances, or sub- stances swimming in the middle of a like kind, is of all others the best. Of these characters, the sediment is of the most importance ; next, the substances swimming in it ; and third, the cloud-like appearances on its surface; and, on the whole, of the substances which float in the urine, the more they sink downwards, so much the better." Theophilus, who lived under Heraclius (A.D. 610-641), was one of the most popular physicians of his time and made many important observations on urine of persons leading a sedentary life had uroscopy more sediment than that of those who followed an active vocation ; the urine of women from this cause has generally more sediment than that of men ; that of children more than that of adults ; and that of persons who live grossly than the urine of temperate persons." Theophilus thus describes the characters of oily urine : "When in fevers the urine assumes the colour of oil it indicates that the fat of the body is melting down. When the appearances of the urine resemble oil still more, it indicates an increase of the melting of the fat ; and when the urine in consistence and colour appears exactly like oil of a dark colour, it prognosticates a collapse and death." This accords with what is stated in one of the aphorisms of Hippocrates : " When in ardent fevers the THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS '/I urine has an oily sediment it prognosticates death." Tare-like urine, as it is called from the resemblance of the sediment to the colour of the tare (ervum ervilia) (but which might be better called the grumous, since, as Actuarius explains, the deposit bears a close resem- blance to clots of blood), is said by Theophilus to be indicative of the melting of the flesh. The scaly urine derived its name from small substances resembling husks or hulls of grain in the urine, and in febrile diseases was supposed to indicate great disorder of the general system, but otherwise to be connected with an affection of the bladder. The furfuraceous, which derived its name from the resemblance of the sediments to bran, was also held to be symptomatic of local disease of the bladder, or of constitutional disorder in fever. Theophilus is the first to mention the application of external heat as a test of the character of the urine, which may be inferred from the following Theophilus paragraph extracted from his work, " De records the Urinus": "What does the Crass Kara urine" signify ? In truth, such, if it remains undis- ana 'y sis turbed, shows the body to be badly indisposed. It is clear that such urine may be shaken up or allowed to set whilst subjected to external heat." The writer here probably alludes to the cloudiness caused by heating albuminous urine. The gritty, so called from the resemblance of the substances in the water of the urine to large particles of ground grain, was regarded by all the authorities, from Hippocrates onwards, to be of very serious significance in fevers. Fetid urine was supposed to indicate melting or putrefaction of the body. Johannes Actuarius, who died about 1283, was ordinary physician at the court of the Palaeologi, and held the post of uroscopist at the Byzantine Court. He wrote a treatise on urine, which ^urine* shows an advance on any former work on the subject. Like Theophilus, he described the various v. M V .rfc ^ -v^-- 1 . "~"-' f-^f- . llfill A GREEK PHYSICIAN EXAMINING THE URINE AND A DIAGRAM SHOWING THE VARIOUS COLOURS OF MORBID URINE From an illuminated MS. of the XIV century kinds of sediment, which he named in accordance with their colours, and was the first to recommend the use of the graduated urine glass for measuring the depth of these deposits. His glass, or urinal, he graduated into eleven divisions, of which he stated that the deposit should occupy the four lowest, the cloud the sixth, seventh and eighth, and the scum the tenth and eleventh. The differences in appearance of these portions included every imaginable shade of colour, and are described with surprising minuteness as also are the connections of the morbid conditions of the system which gave rise to them. Actuarius gives a curious account of urine without sediment, which he ascribes to its being attracted to some part of the system which is the seat of inflammation or erysipelas. The substances in the middle of the urine, according to Actuarius' division, " sometimes resemble spiders' webs, sometimes specks of oil such as appear in fat broth when it cools, and at other times, hairs." The famous physicians of the Arabian School made little advance in the art of uroscopy, and TheArabian the allusions which are to be found in their Scho ' writings referring to the subject are mainly borrowed from the Greeks. Avicenna (A.D. 980-1037) pointed out the difference between urine passed in the morning and that passed at night, and remarked on the influence of age, food and drugs on its colour. According to Haly Abbas (ca. A.D. 980), thinness of the urine indicates deficient digestion. Thickness, on the other hand, he states, is the product of excessive digestion, or arises from the ojft^e bba presence of pituitous humours in the body. charactei ' s " When the sediment is white," it is a favour- able symptom ; when yellow, it is from yellow bile ; when red, it is from a sanguineous plethora and imperfect digestion, and if of long continuance, it must proceed from inflammation of the liver. If, after intense redness," he states, "the urine become black, it is a most fatal symptom. When the urine is moderately fetid, it is connected with indigestion ; but when very fetid, with putrefaction." Alsaharavius (ca. 1085) describes the characters of the different kinds of urine, nearly in the same terms. He properly cautions the physician not to ^bsereTtions 8 allow himself to be imposed upon by the colour of the urine, which may sometimes acquire a tinge from the patient's having taken saffron, cassiafistula, or other drugs. " Such tricks," he says, " are often practised upon water-doctors." Rhases, who flourished between A.D. 850 and A.D. 923, Rhaseson states : "It is an unfavourable symptom urine in when the urine does not become turbid in the course of fever. Yellow urine without sediment is said to be unfavourable." Ismail of Jurjani, a Persian physician, who flourished towards the end of the eleventh century, gives the following interesting account of uroscopy as practised in his country at that time. " The urine which is for the physician to examine," he states, " must be collected in a bottle, which must be large, transparent and clean, and if as practised possible should be in the shape of a bladder. early 6 It should be of a large size, so as to contain Persians ^g w hole of the urine (24 hours), for the reason, if there be something (sediment) in it, it should be detected at once. The shape of the bottle is devised like a bladder for the reason that the urine should be in natural position as in that viscus. Urine should be well guarded against heat, cold and the sun, because extremes of temperature change its natural state, and heat makes it burn, and its thin sediments are consumed thereby. Cold makes urine congealed. " Urine sent for examination should be that of the early morning after a good sleep. It should be passed before eating or drinking anything, because partaking of certain foods changes the colour of the urine. One should not rely upon urine that has been passed during 3VOLUTION OF starvation, sorrow, weakness or sleeplessness, or after coition, because above conditions change its cojour. After food and wine the natural heat of the body increases for the purpose of digestion, the urine becomes colourless. Often in hot diseases it becomes white and puts the physician off his guard. After hunger, sleep- lessness, sorrow and trouble, urine changes its colour, because heat (bodily) in such conditions moves about (in the body) and makes the urine appear coloured. Often one passes colourless urine after sleeplessness, because heat (bodily) is dissipated through insomnia, the urine passed is rather turbid and not clear and light, because food cannot be well digested in sleeplessness ; food remains kham (uncooked, unasssimilated) ; that is also the reason why one gets darkish and muddy water from uncooked food. " Urine should be examined in daylight. Let the sun's rays not fall upon the bottle, otherwise the urine in it will appear like a cloud. The bottle therefore should be kept away from the sunshine, and placed on the ground, so as not to stir it in case the sediments get mixed and make it too turbid. The Tfae physician is considered too sacred to touch ness of the a bottle containing urine with his own hands. phys Taking the bottle in the left hand, it should be shown to the physician. It should also be kept away from one's own shadow and dress, as images (on the bottle) are liable to give erroneous ideas and make the colour look different. " In examining urine," he continues, " seven objects should be kept in view: i, colour; 2, consistency; 3, transparency ; 4, quantity ; 5, sediments ; 6, odour ; 7, froth. Colours appear distinctly. When urine is thick or watery it is termed Qawam (consistency). The state of its transparency or turbidity is not counted upon, the only difference is this, that there are many thick objects which let the rays of light pass through, and objects near it look as though they were like the white of egg or molten wax. There are many objects which are thin (fluid) which do not let light pass 26 THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS through them, and the things placed by their side appear like dark water. It should be characters observed that muddy water is that which holds in its solution matter which takes away its original colour, and transparency, so that the light cannot penetrate it. " There are four colours of the human urine the white, yellow, red and black, as they correspond to the four humours found in the body phlegm (white), blood (red), bile (yellow), sanda melancholi or black bile (black). All these colours have different varieties. White is of four kinds: i, white like clear water; 2, like fagah (a drink made of barley and water) ; 3, like semen; 4, like milk. In the same way," concludes the author, " other colours of urine have different shades." It will be noted from these extracts from the manuscript work of Ismail of Jurjani, that the art of uroscopy in Persia had advanced to a considerable degree in the eleventh century. CHAPTER II UROSCOPY IN THE MIDDLE AGES The School of Salerno, which was the chief centre of the medical art during the early Middle Ages, numbered among its graduates many physicians whose names were perpetuated for centuries afterwards by their works. A good idea of their knowledge may be gathered from the and the art accounts which have come down to us of the methods they employed in diagnosing disease, and among these it will be noticed that the examination of the urine played an important part. On visiting a patient, the Salernan physician of the eleventh century, after paying the formal salutations and compliments, would probably proceed to carefully examine the patient's pulse, after which it was customary to ask for an inspection of the urine. In this he would note the colour, the consistence, the quantity and any sediment that had deposited. After concluding his examination and before " a 1 * an retiring, the physician usually promised that physician with God's help the patient would recover, but " he would take care to inform the friends of the patient that his illness is a serious one," says the chronicler, " so that, should the patient get well the merit may be due to him, or, should the result of the illness be fatal, the friends of the deceased are there to witness that he had noted the serious nature of the disease from his first visit." In an epoch when all clinical methods and investi- gations of modern science were unknown, it is natural that the urine should be expected to indicate the disease and its nature, and so, as time went on, it is not surprising to find that inspection of the urine gradually became more popular in mediaeval diagnosis, as doubtless it appealed, from the spectacular point of view, as strongly to the patient as to the physician. -t / / r i v- PHYSICIANS JUDGING SPECIMENS OF URINI From a woodcut of the XV century THE EVOLUTION OF URINE Constantine Africanus (1018-1085), one of the founders of the School of Salerno, in his work " De instructione medici," states that " urine is better than the pulse to discover the disease from which the patient suffers." The doctrine taught at the School of Salerno, and which was onthe accepted also by other mediaeval medical schools, was that the indications drawn from the urine, although relating to the whole of the PHYSICIANS IN CONSULTATION From a woodcut of the XV century body, referred more especially to the liver and the urinary ducts. Bernard Gordon, of Montpellier (1285-1318), who studied at Salerno also, and was the author of " The THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS 31 Lily of Medicine," states that the examination of urine for the purposes of diagnosis is without a Bernard rival, and recommends it to the medical Gordon on man as the first 'proceeding. "The science of judging the urine," he declares, "is so easy that all can learn what they wish to know." Gilles de Corbeil, who graduated at the School of Salerno at the beginning of the twelfth century, and was first physician to Phillipe Auguste, wrote an elaborate poem on the urine, entitled corbeiiand " Liber de urinis," which gives a good idea of his poetical the state of medical knowledge at the period U nne in which he lived. He begins by studying the etymology of the word urine, and then, referring to the composition of this excretion, remarks that "urine is composed of the residue left in the blood and other humours in the kidneys." Next, he proceeds to lay down in detail, rules for its examination, placing, for the guidance of the uroscopist, special emphasis on the aspects, the consistence, the quantity, the nature, and the things contained therein. He enjoins the physician to take into consideration, also, the circum- stances of place, the number, the time, the age, the sex, the exercises indulged in, as well as the temperament and diet of his patient. One need not follow out in detail this curious treatise on practical uroscopy of the past, but it will be sufficient to state that de Corbeil distinguished no less than twenty different colours in the urine, from which he drew his conclusions. He gives specific instructions as to the kind of urine glass to be used, stating that it is to be of glass that is very transparent and to be in the form of a bladder. The place also where the examination is to be undertaken, he observed, must neither be exposed to the sun nor the darkness, and if it be necessary to make the inspection against the shining sun the hand should be interposed so that the various colours of the residue may be seen more distinctly. Should the inspection be made by candle light, care is to be taken that the rays 3'2 THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS fall not directly on the glass. Special note must be made of the space occupied by the deposit, or whether it floats in the liquid, rests half-way, or falls to the bottom of the vessel. A curious and not less interesting picture of the important part which uroscopy played in the cent!^ eenth me dical practice of this period is related in satire the form of a fable written in the thirteenth uroscopist century, called " Roman du Renart." In the poem, which is evidently a satire on the medical practice of the time, a lion is sick and calls for the fox (the physician) to attend him. " Come soon to-my rescue," said the lion to the fox: " I abandon myself entirely to you. And thou, fox, think of me, Lest thou shouldst take hasty care. What thou wouldst have done, shall be done, Nor will I speak more or less, I am entirely in your hands." Then the lion gives a vivid description of the ills from -which he is suffering, and describes the symptoms of gastric-febrile disturbances, head-ache, trouble with his sight, a bitter taste in his mouth, general lassitude, and difficulty in breathing : " In my head I feel a great pain, Such that it seems to me (so God love me), That it is being broken to pieces. And my sight is troubled, That I often see nothing. My mouth is so bitter That nothing has for me a taste. I feel much pain all over the body. The worst is that only with great pain Can I draw my breath. I can tell you but half the ills, On account of the pains which make me shiver." Fox, the physician, then proceeds : " So, said Fox, you shall be cured, When the third day has passed Bring me a urinal, And we shall see therein the ill." Thus, without loss of time, fox asks to be allowed to examine the urine, and affirms that he will discover the PHYSICIAN EXAMINING A SAMPLE OF URINE BROUGHT BY A PATI ENT From a woodcut of the X V I century cause of the disease. The lion yields most graciously to the fox's requests. " The urinal was brought. Noble is sitting upright, And urined more than half. And Fox said, 'Just so,' Took it and went into the sunlight ; Lifted high the urinal, Looks at it externally, Turns it over and over again To see whether it will alter." Here the fox describes the usual practice of the physician of the period. Taking the urine glass he goes out into the full light, so that the sun's rays, reflecting in the amber liquid, show the slightest alteration, and, after a conscientious examination: " Sire, he says, by God's help I see you have ague Yet I have the potion which kills it. Sir King, I shall have to administer it to you." He continues his examination, feels the pulse, touches the sides, the chest, the hips, and raises the head. " A little longer and I should have been too late." And he ends with the following reassuring assertion : "The sickness of your body I will cure. The quartane fever will go off, Which takes away your breath so much." During the fifteenth century quack uroscopists abounded in every land. These charlatans, who travelled the country on a pony or nag, with the urine basket slung on the arm, preyed on the credulity and ignorance of the people. With a glib tongue they made them believe that they could diagnose every disease known under the sun, as well as prognosticate all kinds of events, from a glance at the urine. A characteristic allusion to the uroscopist appears in the works of Von Hutten, a German knight of the fifteenth century, who details a supposed dialogue between himself and a being whom he personifies as " Fever," which attacks his body. Fever persists in staying in his bodily habitation, and Von Hutten then threatens to call for his physician, Dr. Stroemer, " whom," he says, " will check you, for in him I have faith." "Yes," replies Fever, sarcastically, "the physicians. Quite so, call Stroemer; as if I knew not your ways. You would prefer being ill for a whole year, than partake even of two scruples of rhubarb, hellebore or any other purgative. You had better call against me the physician who saw an oat-grain in a urinal and stated the patient had eaten a horse." Montagnana, the famous Italian physician, in 1487, published a treatise on the signs furnished by the urine, and reproduced a chart by means of which the physician might compare the deductions to be Mon drawn from the various colours, as observed nana's by him. In this chart, twenty-one urine glasses are shown, partly filled with a liquid coloured in various shades, from bright yellow to brown, pink and red, and from blue to black. Probably the earliest book published in the English language on examination of the urine is entitled, " The Judycyall of Uryns," which is said to have Thg been printed by Wynken de Worde in 1512. earliest According to Bale, this work is a translation ^ated j n of a manuscript written by Henry Daniel, a English on monk, in 1379. The title-page bears a woodcut of the physician holding a urine glass, and the text is mainly a repetition of that found in earlier works giving the signs which may be judged from the various colours of the urine. Another early work on the subject which was printed, probably about 1540, is entitled: " HERE BEGYN | NETH THE SEYNGE OF URYNES | OF ALL THE COLOURES THAT | URYNES BE OF WITH THE ME | DYCINES ANNEXED TO EVERY | URYNE | EVERY URY | NE HIS URYNALL MUCHE | PROFITABLE FOR EVERY | MAN TO KNOWE " This work is mainly an epitome of "The Judycyall of Uryns." Every paragraph is preceded by a crude woodcut of a urine glass, and the colophon informs us that the work was " Imprynted at London in Foster Lane by John Waley." ^MINING URINE KUII.UTION- (IK UKIM' Mayster Robert Recorde, who published his " Urinal of Physick," in 1548, gives very elaborate particulars for " making the judgment," which are here given in his own words : " The urine should be kept to see which is first made after midnight, and should be made in the urinall in which it is to be examined." Recorde is particular as to the requirements of the urinal. " Touching the Urinall," he says, " it shoulde be of clere glasse, not thyck nor greene in Colour, Without blotteS Or Recorde's urine glass spottes in it, not flat in the bottom, nor to wyde in the necke, but widest in the myddell and narrow styll toward bothe the endes, lyke the facyon commenly of an egg, or of a very bladder beyng measurably blowen (for the urinall should represent the bladder of a man) and so shall every thyng be sene in his dew place and coloure. " Besydes this also must ye marke the tyme dew to behold urines. Fyrst, when the urine is made, whyle it yet is somewhat hotte, you shall consyder the coloure of it and lykewayes the thyckness of the substance of it. All other thynges, as the bubles and the contentes shall be best judged somewhat after when the urine is somewhat cooled, and they be duly settled in their proper places." Recorde goes into the judgment with much elabora- tion, and divides his urinal into twelve parts, as follow : " The ring at the top is called the crown, and above are the bubbles. (ElElK luDpcpall of typsj CdonffDtrpnge tyatit is ejrpeDpent fo/ enery man tofcnotb tt? operation anP qua i it cs t f tna boOp/anD to hnoto in tofyat ttateanD conQtq'on (712 boftpftanbethtn/taljtcljecan not behnotoetl fo toell a bp tl)e&?j>ne Jnconfp Deration tnhrrof tftfs wtyhe ta coIlerteD anft daDcteb out of jS fentj * 11 1 |S 11 c ~ 1 * c s 1 i o c - * i -S c > 1 s tablet throw treatment of 1 1 2 1 -O C C ^ s o 1 C Q_ '> 0) *tw s female nym ing a cup of X W X Jf 1 of medicina ally besought urino-genital gag iff H ^S c ^ c I 1 'i 5 X 11 % a - c s 11 1-8 g ? :i 1 through the urethra. A form of myiasis which has been observed in recent times by Hagen in 1879, Chevrel in 1909, and others. Comparisons of Chevrel's drawing with those of Pare and Tulpius will prove their relation- ship at a glance. Mention must also be made of two important parasitic diseases affecting the urinary system which owe their diagnosis to an examination of the urine, viz., endemic haematuria and chyluria. The history of these diseases goes back to a period of considerable du^S" 4 antiquity, and the former was recognised by d'as 008 * 1 the early Egyptians. Von Ofele has called attention to the figure of an Egyptian deity represented with the spurious feminine characters caused by the disease. The reference in the Pentateuch to the turning of water into blood may also have found its suggestion in this source. That the disease was common in Egypt in the early seventeenth century may be gathered from the fact that Prosper Alpinus states that gravel and ulcers of kidneys were frequent, and many other authors refer to the sanguineous urine and calculosis which are characteristic of this affection. The real cause of the disease however, remained obscure until 1851, when Bilharz discovered the blood worm which causes it. The diagnosis of this disease is now made by micro- scopic examination of the urine, and the cause may be detected even before the inception of any recognisable clinical symptoms. The ova of this parasite were shown by Sambon, in 1907, to be always terminal-spined. The milky urine of filariasis was observed and noted by uroscopists in early times. Some of them rightly ascribe to chyle the appearance of the urine, and Peter Franck, in 1794, uses the actual term "chyluria." In 1821, Prout described some urine so closely resembling chyle in all respects, that, had it been brought before him as a specimen of that urine, it parasites would have been difficult to detect the f^" 6 * difference. It was not, however, until 1863 that the cause of this condition was discovered by Demarquay, who found the larval forms of Filaria bancrofti in the milky fluid from a chylous hydrocele. THE .EVOLUTION OF CHAPTER V UROSCOPY IN ART It was doubtless owing to the fact that uroscopy was so common a feature in everyday life that we find its practitioners so frequently depicted by famous artists from the fifteenth to the end of the seventeenth century. The physician, in the act of examining the urine, is depicted in many manuscripts, dating as far back as the early fourteenth century, and the subject becomes still more common among the wood- featured * cuts of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, ^ rydaj from which period it became a popular subject among artists of repute. Pictures representing the physician, the apothecary or the charlatan in the act of diagnosing the disease of a patient from his urine glass are apparently innumerable. Probably nowhere in mediaeval art is the uroscopist more characteristically represented than in the frieze in majolica by the famous master Delia Robbia (1400-1482) which adorns the antient Robbla's hospital at Pistoja. On a pallet bed in the "^^^ hospital lies the patient, with face drawn and wasted by disease. By the side stands a monk- physician, his fingers on the patient's pulse. At the foot of the bed another physician stands, with urine glass in one hand, while in the other he holds a bleeding staff. The whole bas-relief is modelled with great fidelity and characteristic skill, and gives a faithful and touching picture of hospital practice in the fifteenth century. This subject was especially a favourite one with many of the great masters such as Teniers, Jan Steen and others of the Dutch, Flemish and German Schools of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. A characteristic picture is reproduced on the oppo- site page, in which the physician is seen dressed in his doctor's robe and cap ; in one hand he holds the urine glass, from which he is about to form his PHYSICIAN EXAMINING THE URINE BROUGHT BY A PATIENT From a woodcut of the XVI century and near him stands the patient, awaiting with anxiety the result of the examination. In his hand he carries an osier basket, of cylindrical shape, with a cover, which was used for uroscopist carrying the urine glass to and from the &>$*** physician's house. A basket of this kind was very necessary, as the urinal, being made with a spherical base, could not stand alone. The basket served also the purpose of a safe carrier. This basket is a common object in the pictures of uroscopists and will be noticed in the following interesting illustration, reproduced from a Th woodcut of the fifteenth century. It depicts urinal the interior of a physician's consulting room, in which samples of urine of varied colours are ranged along two shelves. Below, two physicians are com- menting on the quality and the meaning of the colours, one of whom is indicating the same with a stick which he holds in his hand. Below is another physician inspecting a sample of urine in a glass, while in the foreground stands a woman. Two boys, probably apothecaries' messengers, who have brought other samples for examination, are, in the tenstic meantime, engaged in a bout of fisticuffs, w< while the urine baskets repose on the floor a typical scene that has its counterpart in the life of to-day, when a couple of chemist's boys are seen fighting in the street, while the bottles of medicine, marked for urgent delivery, are reposing on the footpath. The importance which the physicians of the Middle Ages attached to the examination of the urine is evidenced from the fact that the urine glass was frequently chosen as one of the symbols held by St. Damien, the patron saint of medicine. He is thus depicted in a picture we reproduce from a painting of the fifteenth century. In Holland, Teniers and Adrian Van Ostade found in the physician with the urine glass a favourite subject, and their example was followed by Rokes, Schalken, and Horeymanns. From a woodcut of the XV century THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS 65 The famous master, Gerard Dow, also painted many scenes of urine examination, and to these names, Ter Borch, Netscher, Van Mieris, and many others might be added. Physicians, patients, apothecaries and charlatans are represented by these masters of the brush with accuracy and care, and to them we thus owe many scenes of interest in connection with the history of medicine. Of the Dutch School, probably the elder Teniers painted more pictures depicting the uroscopist than any other master of his time. His physicians are depicted as men of grave demeanour, generally old and venerable, with grey or white hair ^ r en s iers '. and beards. On their heads they wear a cap or bonnet trimmed with fur, and are sometimes garbed in a gown or in the ordinary costume worn by the middle classes of the period. The interiors that form the background of his pictures vary very little, and are mostly bare walls furnished with a few shelves on which stand some bottles, and pots of ointment, a table bearing a stack of books, and a few surgical instruments ; a stuffed crocodile or curious fish hanging from the ceiling, some animal's skulls, and a packet of herbs, generally com- plete the interior accessories. Teniers was one who treated the subject of uroscopy seriously, and from his pictures one would judge that he was a believer in the art. Ostade (1610-1685), who was a native of that typical Dutch city Haarlem, vied with Teniers in depicting those characteristic interiors representing common scenes in the domestic life of his country. The physician, the surgeon, and the chiropodist, form frequent subjects for his pictures. One picture of his best-known works represents the phy- ' r( ^ e opist sician, depicted by the artist as a man about middle age, wearing a velvet bonnet bordered with white, and garbed in a dressing gown. Seated alone in his private sanctum he is carefully examining the Of 5 THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS 67 contents of a urine glass, which he holds in his right hand, while he leans his left on the table. Papers, pen, a large botanical book, opened at a page on which some plants are represented, and a pharmacy vase in blue and white delft, bearing the inscription " Ad Scabiam," are standing on the table. On the left is seen his library, divided from the study by a curtain, and at the back a door, half-opened, reveals a room lighted by a stained glass window. Here we have a portrait, probably a real one, of the scientific practitioner of his time, a man who was a great reader, a profound thinker, and a master of his craft. Gerard Dow (1613-1675), who ranks among the finest painters of the Dutch School, surpasses even his famous contemporaries in his partiality for the physician with the urine glass as a model for his pictures. His famous picture called ' The Gerard Doctor " is well - known from the original, DOW'S which hangs in the Imperial Collection at "'xhe 6 Vienna, and the many reproductions made Doctor " from it. The physician is represented as a young man with fair curly hair, wearing a velvet cap and garbed in a long brown robe, belted round the waist. He stands in the full light of an arched window, holding the urinal upraised in his left hand, while he makes an explanatory gesture with the right. Behind him stands an old woman, apparently in trouble, who is weeping and drying her eyes. On the window-ledge a richly- coloured cloth falls on a bas-relief representing the passions, and on it rests a barber's dish of copper, an ornamental bottle, an open book bearing an anatomical drawing and the name of Andre Vesale. Another fine picture by the same artist, called " The Water Doctor," depicts a young man richly dressed, wearing a velvet cap, seated before a table on which lies an open book ; he is carefully DOW'S scrutinising the contents of a urine glass and Doctor 6 " uttering his impressions of the same. On his right, behind him, stands a woman with a basket on her arm, and from her sad expression one would judge that "THE UROLOGIST'' From an Oil Painting by Ostade THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS 69 the verdict of the uroscopist was unsatisfactory. The room is lighted by a curved bay-window, draped with a curtain, and the accessories include a violoncello, an hour-glass, and a globe, evidencing the cultured tastes and pursuits of the occupant. On a shelf on the wall stand some pots and bottles, a skull, and a stuffed animal, while from the ceiling hangs a crocodile, one of the usual accessories of the doctor's study of the seventeenth century. " La Femme Hydrophique," by Gerard Dow, which is considered a masterpiece, now hangs in the Louvre, and is a work of great technical skill, as well as of medical interest. In a fine apartment, furnished with solid luxury, and evidently that of a wealthy Gerard burgher, a woman of middle age reclines DOW'S in a chair. From her puffed eyelids, Hydro 6 -"" distended stomach and swollen feet, she. is P hl< i ue " evidently suffering from dropsy. By her side a young girl, probably her daughter, is kneeling and sobbing, and looking up with an expression of anxiety into the face of her mother. Leaning over her shoulder is an elderly woman, the servant or nurse, who is administering a stimulant from a spoon, while the piteous expression on the face of the patient herself is one to excite sympathy even from the onlooker. While nothing but sadness and silent suffering is depicted by the artist in the group, in striking contrast, the bright sunlight shines through the window, and even the green leaves of a spray of creeper have crept through into the room, giving a subtle effect as of Nature's smile. From this background, the figure of the physician, on which the artist has concentrated his greatest skill, stands out almost in relief in the fore- ground. He is tall and dignified, graciously posed, and clad in a rich and sumptuous robe. In his right hand he holds the urine glass between the light and his eye, while with serious expression he examines the colour of its contents. The balance of the picture is kept by a rich oriental curtain which is draped back to the right side, on which the light falls, and the whole "LA FEMME HYDROPHIQUE" From an Oil Painting by Gerard Dow EVOLUTION OF URINJ work is a masterpiece of composition and technical execution. Still one more picture by Gerard Dow must be mentioned, which depicts with pathological reality the ailment known in earlier times as " Mai d'Amour." This predecessor of chlorosis has been depicted by many painters, especially the Dutch School, who were fond of representing these languorous young women, with sunken eyes and waxen complexions, who appear to be oppressed by an insupportable lassitude and wear an expression of the deepest melancholy. For this common trouble the uroscopists were often consulted. What the latter expected to find in the patient's urine is difficult to conceive, but by soothing words they probably assured the fair patient that there was nothing wrong more than time could remedy. To feel the pulse and glance at the urine were the limits of their clinical examination. A patient of this type consulting her physician is represented by Gerard Dow in the picture. The doctor, grave and dignified, fashionably attired in a long robe and velvet bonnet trimmed with fur, with one hand holds the urine glass to the light, while the fingers of his other are resting on the pulse of the fair patient, whose pale face and languorous look betray the symptoms of her distress. Gaspard Netscher and Van Hoogstraatan depict similar scenes. Of a different character is the young and fashionable doctor represented in a painting by Metzu. Attractive in face, and handsomely dressed in black velvet, trimmed with fine lace, he handles the urine glass with an air of grace. He appears to be mingling compliments with the scientific phrases in which he is describing the complaint to his pretty client, while she, in an audacious negligee, abandons herself to the listless reverie which was a characteristic feature of " Mai d'Amour." In the back- ground are a young man and an old woman, who are evidently exchanging confidential opinions on the case, and who could no doubt afford more truthful evidence 'THE UROLOGIST" ("Mai d' Amour") From a Painting by Gerard Dow EVOLUTION OF URINE of its cause than the liquid which the physician is so carefully examining in his glass. Jan Steen (1636-1679), unlike his confreres and predecessors, generally treated the urologist in his characteristic style, from a humorous point of view. Sometimes he pours ridicule upon the patients, and at others on the physician. His physicians are JanSteen , s rarely examining the urine glass with grave humorous attention, and are generally depicted as if p " employing that method of diagnosis more as a matter of form than as a necessity. An exception, however, is illustrated in the picture reproduced as our frontis- piece. Here the physician is depicted as a man of bulky proportions examining a specimen of urine with due gravity. The patient, evidently ill, with emaciated and pallid face, is seated in a chair awaiting the doctor's verdict. About the same period, Ryckaert (1612-1661) painted several pictures with the urologist as his model. One of these is worthy of description, as it shows some original detail in the accessories. The artist depicts the physician as an old man with a long beard. He is wrapped in a fur-trimmed robe, and is seated at a table, on which lie many books and papers, an inkstand, a vase, and a skull, the whole being lighted by a smoky candle. In his left hand he holds the urine glass, and in the liquid can be seen floating a little figure of a foetus, at which the urologist is gazing with astonishment. Be- hind sits an old woman, who has evidently been the carrier of the specimen, patiently awaiting the verdict with her hands clasped. The charlatans claimed that they could tell from an inspection of the urine if a woman was enceinte or not. Such are some of the better-known pictures of the uroscopist as represented by artists of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Beyond their artistic interest we are indebted to the men who painted them for the light they have thrown on the medical history of the period, which they have depicted for us with such fidelity and skill. "THE UROLOGIST" (" La Consultation Indiscrete") From a Dutch Engraving of the XVII century, after Schalken CHAPTER VI THE ADVENT OF SCIENTIFIC URINE ANALYSIS The early years of the eighteenth century saw the advent of the scientific epoch in the examination of urine, when Lorenzo Bellini (1643-1704), by first evaporating urine, discovered the important fact that the change in the colour, taste and odour were due to variations in the relative proportions of water and solids present. Bellini's primitive experiments are recorded in his work " De Urinis," in which he describes the evaporation of urine in an investiga- earthenware pot, with no cover, and placed on ^nt " an ordinary fire. He noted that the more it darkened in colour so it lost its transparency, and by continual evaporation it passed through various de- grees of tint from red and brown to almost black. By taking the weight after each of these changes of colour, he endeavoured to determine the quantity of water evaporated, and states that he found, that if an equivalent volume was added to the residue, its colour, characters, and properties, would be restored. According to his analysis, urine was composed of water, salt, and tasteless earth or tartar, and the con- sistence, taste and colour depended on the quantity of water which held these constituents in solution. Bellini's researches were followed by those of Boerhaave (1668-1738), the famous Dutch physician, who attributed special importance to the measurement and not the quantity of the urine. His method of ascertaining the weight or specific gravity jj!~*aave was to place a barometer in the urine of a urea healthy person, and pour into the cistern as much mercury as necessary to make it level with the same point. He deduced from this that the difference in the weight of the mercury would give that of the specific gravity of the urine. In 1720, he discovered urea, but little importance was attached to it until Medicinw. Botan ic c.s , Che miK VlWil pracllCl.m ACAD. LUGD BAT HERMANNUS BOERHAAVE 1 668-1 738 THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS 77 Rouelle the Younger, in 1771, re - discovered and isolated it by extracting with spirit of wine the " syrup " obtained by the evaporation of Rouelle urine. This extract he found to be crystal- isolates lisable, and conceived that it contained un hydrochloric acid as an essential ingredient. He also isolated a number of salts contained in the urine. In the following year, Matthew Dobson, of Liverpool, published the results of his epoch-making experiments which he had carried out with the urine of diabetic patients. He noted that the urine of such was very transparent, of pale straw colour and sweet, and, upon placing it on one side in an open vessel, separation began to take place, and '"J^'" woolly clouds appeared which gradually sub- sided and covered the bottom of the vessel with a loose white precipitate. He observed that with longer keeping, the urine underwent vinous and then acetous fermentation. He experimented also by heating the urine to boiling point, and noted that he got no coagulation. He further tried, although without result, the addition of the mineral acids, thereby inaugurating the era of the chemical testing of urine. His final experiment was that of evaporating two quarts of the diabetic urine to dryness, from which he observed that the residue he obtained was in the form of a white cake, which weighed four ounces, two drachms and two scruples. This, he introduces states, could not be distinguished from ordinary sugar, by the taste or smell. On the addition of acid elixir of vitriol no effervescence was caused, but on the addition of a more concentrated vitriolic acid an effervescence ensued and some pungent fumes were given off. Judging from Dobson's original experiments, and especially of his use of the mineral acids as tests, he may be regarded as one of the most important pioneers in the scientific era of urine analysis. WILLIAM CRUICKSHANK, M.D. From an Engraving by Cowen, 1787 THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS 79 Cowley was the first to separate sugar in a free state from diabetic urine, and thus led the way towards the quantitative estimation of urine. In 1798, Cruickshank made an investigation and experimented with some urine that was submitted to him from a diabetic patient, and, by noting the action of nitrous acid on sugar of milk and comparing it with an extract from the diabetic urine, he observed the difference in the sugar. The latter he termed nothing more than a vegetable sugar mixed with animal mucilage. On extending his experiments to the effects produced by nitrous acid and other reagents on healthy urine, he observed that ammonia and fixed alkalies produced a cloudiness, which he believed was c^- due to phosphate of lime, and that lime water researches produced a still more copious precipitate. From nitrous acid he observed no precipitate in healthy urine, but in the urine from a dropsical patient, it produced coagulation or cloudiness, and he thereby discovered the first chemical test for albumen, and also established the connection of albumen with dropsy. He noticed that on the addition of muriatic acid, the urine in which bile was present was turned green in colour. Corrosive sublimate, he found, had no action on healthy urine, but on the urine of a dropsical patient it produced coagulation. He also observed that muriate of baryta precipitated phosphoric salts, and he employed infusion of oak bark to detect mucilaginous matter. In a further series of experiments which he carried out, he concluded that the sugar of urine was different in its constituents from that of milk sugar. The importance of Cruickshank's discoveries cannot be over-estimated, and they first drew the attention of medical men to the importance of the chemical examination of urine as an aid to diagnosis. LUTION OF URINE Cruickshank also obtained urea in the form of crystals, and discovered its property of crystallising on the addition of nitric acid, but it was not until 1799 that Fourcroy and Vauquelin isolated it in a pure state, and recognised it as the crystallised substance mentioned by Rouelle. Jarrold was the next to apply a chemical test to urine, and, in 1801, described a method of testing for albumen. He placed an ounce of the patient's urine Jarrold . s in a glass vessel and added a few drops of test for solution of acetate of lead to precipitate a " phosphoric and muriatic acids. To this he added a few drops of Goulard's extract of lead, which he claimed would precipitate albumen, gelatine and mucilage. In 1811, Henry drew attention to the high specific gravity of the urine of diabetic patients, and stated it had been left unnoticed by the best writers on its chemical history. He was the first to use nitric acid as a test for urea. In the following year, Vauquelin made a comparative analysis of the urine of different animals, which did much to create a fresh interest in the subject. Vau uelin . s Wells, in 1812, used the nitrous acid test for mvesti- albumen when the heat test failed, and gauc Blackall in his observations "On dropsies" in 1813, noted the effect of heat regarding albumen in urine. He says, " Writers have spoken of the colour of the secretion, its quantity and sediment, and it Wellsand is a circumstance hardly credible that amidst siackaii on so much minute labour bestowed on these topics the effects produced upon it by the application of heat have been so greatly overlooked." " Every practitioner," he continues, " may shortly convince himself beyond the possibility of doubt that in a considerable number of dropsical cases the urine evaporates like diluted serum of blood." Blackall regularly used the heat test in many dropsical cases. In 1815, a further important discovery was made by Chevreul, who observed that the sugar in drover! diabetic urine was different from cane sugar, grape an( j that it resembled that of the grape. This discovery proved of the greatest value, especially in the future treatment of the disease. To Steele and Wollaston is due the earliest knowledge of the composition of urinary Steele attributed all calculi to uric tlgations'of acid. Wollaston, however, found phosphate calculi and oxalate of lime, triple phosphate and cystin in the concretion he examined. The next epoch-making step in connection with urine analysis was due to Prout in 1820, who, by his investigations, placed the examination of urine on a more scientific basis, and proved its great value in diagnosing disease. He was the first to use litmus paper in testing urine, and he regarded dilute acetic acid and prussiate Prout ^ Pt asn as the most delicate testing agents marks a for albumen. He confirmed Cruickshank's iJiTiiife 00 observation that the sugar found in diabetic urine was not the same as common sugar, but more nearly approached that to be found in grapes. For the detection of bile he employed a piece of white linen, which he dipped in the urine, and, on the addition of a few drops of muriatic acid, if bile was present, he observed it turned green in colour. He also investi- gated the deposits found in urine, made an analysis of the same, and arranged them according to their colours, as follows : ( Lithate of ammonia. "Yellowish or nut- [ Colouring matter of urine. brown sediment ^ Earth phosphates and lithate of I soda. "Reddish-brown or Alkaline lithate. lateritious sedi- - Colouring matter of urine. ment Alkaline purpurate. Occasionally earthy phosphates. THE EVOI.l t( p. , ( Lithate of ammonia. link sediment ... ^ Purpurate of ammonia." " These consist," he states, " for the most part, of lithic acid, in combination with a base. There exists, however, the free lithic acid ; as 'Red crystalline / Lithic acid. sediment ... \ Colouring matter of urine." We have but to add two more varieties of sediment, in order to complete the list of deposits mentioned by Prout. These are the phosphatic sediments ; viz. " Ai ::,z" mis se
  • r sugars. He endeavoured to prove by his investigation that the reddish or brown- coloured precipitate produced in this reaction was not metallic copper bi-cuprous oxide, or, as it was then known, copper protoxide. He declared that the colour depended upon the length of time the mixture was heated, and that the precipitate was only to be obtained from cane, starch and grape sugar, sugar of milk, molasses, manna and honey. Buchner was the first to confirm Vogel's theory, and later on further investigations were made on the subject by Buchholtz, Peschier and Busch. It was Trommer no t ? however, until 1841, when Trommer his test published his paper on the differentiation between dexterin, cane sugar and grape sugar, that a material advance was made on this subject, and a real distinction could be established between the various forms of sugar. He showed that by making the copper salt solution alkaline, it became a valuable reagent in distributing between the various sugars and sugar-giving substances, and that it gave a distinctive precipitate of cuprous oxide when boiled with solutions of grape sugar, containing only one the first to in a hundred thousand, and the reaction tBcjkiiiw could be observed by reflective light even c pp ertest when this solution was ten times more diluted. To Trommer, then, belongs the credit of having first introduced the alkaline copper sulphate test into chemical analysis. In 1844, Barriswill suggested an improvement on Trommer's method, by adding potassium tartrate to the solution to prevent decomposition on heating. This was the first step towards a quantitative application of Trommer's test. Barriswill's wins method being a volumetric one, involved m< the necessity of inverting the cane sugar to glucose and making two determinations before and after inversion. Fehling, whose name has been popularly associated with the copper test for sugar, did not publish his first paper on the matter until 1848. His procedure consisted merely in working out ^'"tf with greater care the details of Trommer's Tr m mer's methods, while Soxhlet established the exact conditions under which the determinations must be carried out in order to get satisfactory results. In 1854, another step towards the quantitative analysis of urine was made by Davy, who published a method of estimating the quantity of urea in a given solution. This depended upon the decom- method of position that occurred from the combinations **g atmK of the hypochlorides of soda, potash, or lime with urea, the urea giving off its nitrogen, which was collected and measured, and so estimated. Bence Jones, in 1861, made an important investiga- tion into the relative merits of the principal tests then known for grape sugar, and claimed that he got the best results from Brucke's method, which consisted in "THE CONSULTATION" My child, observe, from this I see (So sure as I physician be) Your swelling, pains and fretting, too. Are signs of something wrong I trow : But be assured you'll soon recover, I promise, ere' nine months are over." From a Mezzotint of the XVIII century THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS precipitating the urine with neutral acetate of lead, and, after filtering off the precipitate, adding ammonia. In the last precipitate, he remarks, the chief part of the sugar will be found present, fines' the ammonia precipitate being treated with '^if' 8 '*" a solution of oxalic acid or sulphuretted hydrogen to separate the lead. The filtrate then will be colourless and contain the sugar ready for estimation by the copper test. In the same year, Lionel Beale published his well- known work on the urine, which contains over sixty analyses of the urine in disease. He drew attention to the importance of microscopic Jjjf, examination, and by his investigations placed urine the analysis of urine on a more scientific basis. He devised a complete systematic qualitative and quantitative analysis of urine and urinary deposits, and drew attention to the necessity of its examination in the diagnosis of disease. Pavy, by his important investigations in 1862, on the nature of diabetes, did much to advance the Pav , s knowledge of urine analysis. He suggested observa- the modification of the copper test for sugar, and pointed out that the albumen should first be removed before the test is applied. Fowler, in 1872, suggested an improvement on Davy's method of estimating urea, and introduced a more accurate process based upon it. Owing to the investigations of Sir William Johnson, in 1884, the picric acid test was re-introduced into urine analysis. This test was first researches introduced by Braun in 1865, but had fallen into disuse until advocated by Johnson, who discerned its great utility. In 1891, Hopkins described his method of estimating uric acid by saturating the urine with am- monium chloride, whereby the acid was method of precipitated in the form of ammonium urate, ^"acid^ and, in 1892, Gerrard described the process for his cyano-cupric test, which was based on the 92 THE EVOLUTION OF URINE ANALYSIS fact that when a solution of potassium cyanide is added to one of cupric salt, double cyanide of potassium and copper are formed. In this brief sketch of the evolution of urine examination from antient to modern times, it has only been possible to mention the more important tests employed in analysis, as, since its elevation to a science during the last century, the tests introduced by investigators have become almost too numerous to mention, and no attempt has been made to make a complete summary. THE 'WELLCOME' MATEKIA MEUICA ft GATHERING HYOSCYAMUS th<; herl: Hyoscyamtis uigtr, one of the most difficult plants wil has to deal, is grown from seed sown about March or April. The young plants show above ground at the end of May or beginning of June. In the autumn they are separated if too close together. In the following May an aerial stem is developed which rapidly grows until it reaches the height of three or four feet. The flowering takes place in June or July, when the crop is harvested. Reproduced from direct colour photographs taken on the ' IVellcome ' Materia Medico. Farm, and developed with ' Tabloid' Photographic ( 'hemicals. (See page iSj) DATURA METEL THE 'WELLCOME' MATERIA MEDICA FARM The posology of vegetable substances was regarded, until recent years, as necessarily inexact. The properties present in the roots, leaves or bark of a medicinal plant are undoubtedly affected by soil, climate and the other circumstances of its environment during growth, and vary, according to the season, from year to year. It is obvious that the accuracy and care exercised by the pharmarcist in weighing and measuring drugs for use in medicine are nullified if the active principles are variable. The vital importance of standardisation has always been recognised by Burroughs Wellcome & Co., standard- and the steady advance in the chemistry >sation. of organic substances has opened up new possibilities with regard to this subject. The alkaloids, glucosides, resins, essential oils and other active principles and ingredients of medicinal plants have been carefully studied, and it has become possible to determine the suitability of drugs for use in medicine, not merely by their appearance or form, but by the far more exact and penetrating methods of chemical analysis and physiological tests. The necessity of the standardisation of medicinal preparations of vegetable origin was forcibly demon- strated in a paper by Carr and Reynolds, published in the Chemist and Druggist, which shows, in tabular form, the very considerable range of variation in the propor- tion of active principles existing in samples of drugs bought on the market. Amongst the examples given are the following : WELLCOME' MATKRIA MEDICA FARM A FIELD OF BELLADONNA Atrofa belladonna is grown from genuine wild seed. The best crops of 1 are obtained in the second, third or fourth year of the plant's growth, and it this period that the alkaloidal content is greatest. LOADING BELLADONNA The yield ranges from 1-1/2 to 5 tons per acre. The freshly-cut herb is weighed in bundles and carried straight to the laboratories in a motor trolley. A portion of the leaves is dried in a few hours in specially ventilated chambers. The roots, which are collected in the autumn, are sliced in order to accelerate the drying, and so prevent any undesirable change taking place. Drug Lowest percentage Highest Active principle percentage determined Belladonna (dried herb) 0-23 i -08 Total alkaloids Broom tops 0-07 I -06 Sparteine Sulphate Cinchona Succirubra ro6 4-64 Quinine and Cinchonidine Hydrastis Root 2-3 5'8 Berberine Sulphate Ipecacuanha Root (Rio) 0-18 1-83 Emetine With the introduction of the ' Wellcome ' Brand standardised galenicals, Burroughs Wellcome & Co. found it necessary, in order to obtain a constant supply of herbs of sufficiently high Expert standard of quality, to grow them under ofg^Th" their own immediate supervision. The benefits of conducting a herb farm in conjunction with the preparation of pharmaceutical products are many. For instance : (1) A drug may be expressed or worked up imme- diately it has been collected. (2) Herbs may be dried, if necessary, directly they are cut, before fermentation and other deteriorative changes have set in. (3) Freedom from caprice on the part of collectors, who, in gathering wild herbs, are very difficult to control in the matter of adulteration, both accidental and intentional. (4) The ability to select and cultivate that particular strain of a plant which has been found by chemical and physiological tests to be the most active, and which gives the most satisfactory preparations. Notable instances of these are to be found in connection with Digitalis and Belladonna. Fortunately, suitable land was available near the ' Wellcome ' Chemical Works at Dartford, and there the ' Wellcome ' Materia Medica Farm has been established. Although the greater part of the farm is devoted to staple crops, a certain section is set aside for experimental purposes, and here some GOLDEN SEAL (Hydrastis canadensis) A crop of Hydrastis grown under a specially-designed lattice mres the requisite amount of shade. ucture, which DIGITALIS IN FLOWER Digitalis purpurea is obtained from carefully-selected wild seed, and any variations from the wild type are struck out. Great care is taken in collecting and drying the leaves, otherwise the medicinal activity would be adversely affected. Blighted, faded or defective leaves are rejected, and only the finest preserved for use. The chemistry of the active principles of Digitalis is still obscure, and physiological tests are employed in standardising B. W. & Co. preparations of this important drug. interesting and important results have already been observed. For instance, in connection with the cultivation of Belladonna, an extended series of experiments has been carried out, such as ^ e ellcome , treating it with different manures and shading Materia it during growth with coloured fabrics. These 1^* experiments have shown that the yield of alkaloid is affected to a greater extent by climatic conditions than by other alterations in environment of the plant, and serve to confirm that the acknowledged superiority of English leaves in alkaloidal content is due to the climate of the country. Experiments made upon Broom Tops have conclusively proved that the .amount of sparteine contained in them varies according to the time of the year, the amount of alkaloid contained being low during the flowering and growing period, and increasing during the autumn and winter. Digitalis is an exceedingly important crop, the whole of the herb required for the preparation of ' Wellcome ' Brand Concentrated Tincture of Digitalis and Extract of Digitalis being grown on the farm. By this means such slight variations in character, as occur in the Digitalis leaves used for these preparations, have been reduced to what is necessarily due to the variations of season from year to year. Errors due to the inclusion of faulty or untrue specimens which, according to recent writers on Digitalis, are always to be found in the collections made by both amateur and professional herb gatherers among wild plants, are completely eliminated. In this way it has been possible to effect a certain standardisation of the raw material itself, to be afterwards checked and corrected by the standardisation of its galenical products, both by chemical analysis and physiological tests. The following extracts from a descriptive article which appeared in the Chemist and Druggist of January 29, 1910, will give some further idea of the nature and scope of this enterprise : " A suitable piece of land for ' a physicke garden ' (had been chosen) on an undulating slope, with here and there a clump of trees and a strip of wild woodland, between the river and the North Downs, hard by the little village of Darenth. No more ideal spot fora herb farm could have been chosen. It has shade, an GORDON'S Governor of the Equatorial Sudan. This chest was taken by Arabs when EMIN PASHA was massacred in 1892, and was recaptured by BARON DHANIS, Commandant of the Congo Free State troops, after the battle of Kasongo. It was subsequently stolen by natives, and finally recovered HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS by an officer of the Congo Free State, and returned to BURROUGHS WELLCOME & Co. The following acknowledgment of its receipt was sent by Emin Pasha before setting out on his final expedition to Central Africa: " Gentlemen, I found the medicine chest you forwarded me fully stocked. I need not tell you that its very completeness made bound my heart. Articles like those could not be made but at the hand of the greatest artists in their own depart- ment. If any one relieved from intense pain pours out his blessings, they will come home to you. ' ' I should like to expatiate somewhat longer on the intrinsical value, but sickness preventing me to do so. I wish you to believe me, Messrs. BURROUGHS WELLCOME & Co." Sir Sven Hedin, whose recent remarkable achieve- ment in the exploration of Central Asia, when he set foot in one of the sacred forbidden Hedfn's" cities of Tibet, is well known, took with him medicine on his journey across the Himalayas a ' Tabloid' Medicine Chest, and in his fascinating book, 112 HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS " Trans- Himalaya," he speaks in the highest terms of the utility and completeness of the equipment. To this enterprising explorer his ' Tabloid ' Medicine Chest was of great use, not only in providing medical treatment for his followers and himself on their long and perilous march, but also in his diplomatic relations with the great Tashi-Lama. We are indebted to the courtesy of his publishers, Messrs. Macmillan, for permission to quote the follow- ing interesting description by Sir Sven Hedin of of the presentation of his ' Tabloid ' Medicine friendship chest as an offering of friendship, in accord- ance with Oriental custom, to the venerated chief of the Buddhist religious community at Tashi-Lunpo : " ' Bombo Chimbo' (the name by which Dr. Sven Hedin was known), we know that you are a friend of the Tashi- Lama, and we are at your service." ah. When we had conversed for two hours I made a move to leave him, but the Tashi-Lama pushed me back on to the chair and said, ' No, stay a little longer.' Now was the time to present my offering. The elegant English medicine chest was taken out of its silk cloth, opened and exhibited, and excited his great admiration and lively interest ; every- thing must be explained to him. The hypodermic syringe in its tasteful case, with all its belongings, especially delighted him. Two monks of the medical faculty were sent for several days running to write down in Tibetan the contents of the various ' Tabloid ' boxes and the use of the medicines." FOR TRAVELLERS AND TOURISTS ' Tabloid ' Equipments, however, are not intended exclusively for military and exploring expeditions, but have a far wider range of usefulness. Their utility extends to the traveller and tourist who, for knowledge or pleasure, may be going " far from the busy haunts of HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS men." That 'Tabloid' outfits are regarded as being an indispensable adjunct to the equipment is proved by the large number of world-famous travellers who have provided themselves with ' Tabloid ' Chests and Cases. For the Egypt and India Tour in 1902, H.R.H. The Duke of Connaught was provided with a Duke of 'Tabloid 'Equipment. The medical equipment connaught was also supplied by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. for the journey to Japan, in 1905, of Prince Arthur of Connaught. Another world-wide traveller, Mr. Harry de Windt, the story of whose wanderings forms an interesting record of modern travel, carried a 'Tabloid' outfit upon his great journey across Siberia. In the account of his travels, Mr. de Windt emphasises the great help and value the equipment has been to him. Coming down to a quite recent date, still more testimony is forthcoming of the esteem in which the 1 Tabloid ' Products are universally held. For Mr Roose his hunting expedition in Africa, Ex- President veit'ssatis- Roosevelt was supplied with a ' Tabloid ' faction Congo Medicine Chest. Upon Mr. Roosevelt's return to the United States of America, the Medical Officer in charge of the expedition, Lieutenant-Colonel E. A. Mearns, writing from the National Museum, Washington, to Burroughs Wellcome & Co. respecting the chest, states : " We found it very satisfactory and useful." These commendations of 'Tabloid' Chests and Cases, expressed after the outfits have successfully withstood the rough usage inseparable from travel, sufficiently attests to the excellence of the products of Burroughs Wellcome & Co. 'TABLOID' OUTFITS FOR AVIATORS From the early days of aerial navigation when Andree, in his historic attempt to reach the North HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS Pole, took with him a ' Tabloid ' Brand Medicine Chest as his sole medical equipment, the products of Burroughs Wellcome & Co., have occupied an important position in the outfit of the airman. On his brilliant flight from London to Manchester, Paulhan carried a ' Tabloid ' Brand First-Aid and had occasion to make use of the contents during his journey. M. Paulhan subsequently wrote to Burroughs Wellcome & Co., and in his letter, says : " Je profite de cette occasion pour vous exprimer le plaisir que j'ai eu de porter avec moi durant le vol que j'ai fait de Londres a Manchester une trousse Premiers-Secours 'Tabloid.'" Chavez, the intrepid conqueror of the Alps, was also provided with a ' Tabloid ' First-Aid on his flight from Brieg, in Switzerland, to Domo d'Ossola, in Italy. It is probable that to fly across the Atlantic is the crowning ambition of almost every airman of note, and is regarded by them as the blue riband of the aerial world. Although this much- coveted honour has yet to be won, recent developments furnish abundant HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS evidence that the task is by no means to be relegated to the realms of the impossible. The surprising result of Wellman's determined effort to be the first airman to cross the Atlantic, clearly indicates that e jt is only a matter of time to when this object night wu "l De an accomplished fact. When pre- paring for his flight, no efforts were spared by Wellman to make the attempt a successful one. His outfit which included a ' Tabloid ' medical equipment had of necessity to be extremely restricted and compact, and was selected with great discrimina- tion and judgment. In expressing his keen appreciation of the equipment Mr. Wellman states : "Dear Sirs, We are glad to inform you that your ' Tabloid ' Medical Equipment was the only one carried in the airship "America" during one thousand miles flight over the Atlantic Ocean. We had several occasions to use its contents for minor troubles, and found it complete and wholly satisfactory, which was but repeating the experience I have had with your equipments in my expeditions to the Arctic regions. " Sincerely yours," (Signed) In the long-distance balloon voyage from London to Siberia, organised by the Daily Graphic, the aeronauts who accomplished the journey were supplied with ' Tabloid ' Cases. Count Zeppelin, also, has spoken most appreciatively of the utility of ' Tabloid ' Outfits. It is thus evident that 'Tabloid' products have, by their lightness, compactness and portability, fulfilled in every particular the essential requirements of this method of locomotion. South Polar Regions ONE OF THE 'TABLOID' MEDICINE CHESTS USED BY COMMANDER R. E. PEARY Commander PEARY, to whose record stands the achievement of having reached the North Pole, writing from Etah, Greenland, reports : "BURROUGHS WELLCOME & Co. 'Tabloid' Medicine Cases and Supplies have proven invaluable." HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS THE 'TABLOID' MEDICINE CASE CARRIED "FARTHEST SOUTH" BY SIR ERNEST H. SHACKLETON The full record of this case, as given in the report of the Surgeon to the Expedition, is printed below Copy of Report dated Sept. 17, 1909 : The B. W. & Co. Brown Leather ' Tabloid' Case herewith was : Taken with party of six that made the ascent and reached summit of Mount Erebus, 13,350 ft., March 5th- nth, 1908. Used on Southern Journey under Lieut. Shackleton *Oct. 28th, igoS-March 4th, 1909. Latitude 88 23' S. Longitude 162 E. Distance covered in this journey, 1728 statute miles. Used on S. Depot Laying Party, from Sept. 2Oth to Oct. I5th, 1908. Distance covered, 311 miles. Taken on Depot journeys to Hut Point. Aggregating 150 statute miles. Medicines quite satisfactory. Signed E. P. MARSHALL, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Siirgeon to the British Antarctic Expedition, 1907-9 * Reached " Farthest South," Jan. g, 1909 1ISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS TABLOID' MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS IN ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION ' Tabloid ' Medical Equipments have been used with remarkable success in the Arctic and Antarctic expedi- tions associated with the names of NANSEN, PEARY, JACKSON-HARMSWORTH, the DUKE OF THE ABRUZZI, SCOTT, and SHACKLETON. The belts and other ' Tabloid ' Equipments supplied to NANSEN for his journey speditic " Farthest North," and those used by the JACKSON- HARMSWORTH ARCTIC EXPEDITION, are now added to BURROUGHS WELLCOME & Co.'s collection of historic outfits. In his report, the surgeon to the latter expedition says : ' ' I find that the ' Tabloid ' drugs are most convenient, especially in circumstances such as we are placed in. " Another ' Tabloid ' Medical Equipment of exceptional interest was that supplied to Commander R. E. PEARY for use with his former Arctic Expedition. HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS The belt illustrated below formed part of the Pram's medical equipment, which was supplied by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. one of the Ti B,,o lD ' B Ri .v D 1I BI IK , B.I.TS carried by S A. 8 , on his Arctic Expedition <-'. 'r: &8 The Canadian Government exploration vessel Arctic which sailed last year for the Far North, was provided with ' Tabloid ' Medicines. Before sailing, Captain Bernier, who is in command, expressed him- self as being very pleased with his equipment. carried by the D i z i ' s Polar Expeditior The ITALIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION, commanded by the DUKE OF THE ABRUZZI, found that, despite the fact that the northern latitude of 86 33' 49" was reached, the 'Tabloid' ^ Medicine Chests and Cases with which the Expedition was equipped were brought back with their remaining contents quite unaffected by the rigour of the climate. ilSTOKlCAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS THE NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION The entire medical outfit of the National Antarctic Expedition was furnished by Burroughs Wellcome & Co., and on the return of the Discovery, with the members of the Expedition on board, the medical officer made a highly satisfactory report on the ' Tabloid ' Medical Equipment. In August, 1901, the Discovery left England, and in the following January crossed the limit of the Antarctic Circle. Having passed the farthest eastward point attained by Ross sixty years before, the explorers discovered a new land, which they ExpST' named Kin g Edward VII. Land. One of the most noteworthy features of the Expedition was the arduous sledge journey undertaken by the commander, Captain SCOTT, accompanied by Lieutenant SHACKLETON and Dr. WILSON. This journey over the ice occupied three months, and the record latitude of 82 17' South was reached. On sledge journeys the question of weight is of great by the National Antarctic Expedition moment. The traveller, on such occasions, must carry but the barest necessaries, and of these the lightest procurable. The medicine chest is an important item, for upon the efficiency of its contents the lives of the explorers may depend. Every drug carried must be of the utmost reliability, in the most compact state, and capable of withstanding an extremely low temperature. HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS l&J To the enthusiasm of Sir CLEMENTS MARKHAM, K.C.B., then President of the Royal Geographical Society, the successful organisation of the Expedition is largely due. Referring to the 'Tabloid' Medical Equipment of the Discovery, he reports : National Antarctic Expedition, t, Saviie Row, Burlington Gardens, W. The Medical Equipment of the Exploring Ship of the National Antarctic Expedition was entirely supplied by Messrs Burroughs Wellcome & Co. , and, proved in The few other drugs and preparations which were taken with the Expedition were only supplied for purposes of experiment, and, can in no way be regarded as part of the medical equipment. 124 HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS DR. K MIC ' TABLOID ' BRAND POCKET-CASE (The "British Army Regulation ") Measurements: 3j X 2j X f in. OPHTHALMIC POCKET-CASES 'TABLOID' BRAND [ B. W. & Co.] Special Designs, the property of Burroughs Wellcome & Co. The word 'TABLOID' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. ' TABLOID ' Ophthalmic Pocket-Cases are the most compact and complete equipments for ophthalmic work. In a space of two or three cubic inches they contain supplies of active and accurately-divided ophthalmic products, solution-dropper, camel- hair brushes, etc. , etc. OPHTHALMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET-CASE In nickel-plated metal. Fitted with nine tubes of ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Ophthalmic products in nickel-plated rack, vulcanite rod, solution - dropper, mortar, pestle, and two camel-hair brushes. The Case, after the removal of the contents, may be readily sterilised. Complete with doeskin cover. Xo. 91. ASEPTIC OPHTHALMIC TABLOID' BRAND POCKET-CASE Measurements : 2} X lj X } MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS No. 92. ASEPTIC OPHTHALMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET-CASE (The Mussel Shell) In nickel-plated metal. Fitted with seven tubes of ' Tabloid ' Ophthalmic products, mortar, pestle, vulcanite rod, solution -dropper and two camel- hair brushes. The shape and size of this Case make it specially suitable for carrying in the waistcoat-pocket. After removal of the contents, the Case can readily be sterilised. Com- plete with doeskin cover. No. 92. ASEPTIC OPHTHALMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET-CASE (The Mussel Shell) Measurements: 2 J X lj X ft in. MEDICINE POCKET-CASES, 'TABLOID' BRAND [ B. W. & Co.] Special Designs, the property of Burroughs Wellcome & Co. The word 'TABLOID 1 is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. 'TABLOID' Medicine Pocket-Cases are compact equipments of pure, active drugs, divided, ready for administration, into For accurate doses. They enable practitioners to have emergen- always with them an equipment of reliable medicines specially for emergency use. ' Tabloid ' Pocket-Cases are recognised as an essential in the equipment of physicians practising in country districts. When weighing and measuring are impossible, and when the carriage of liquids is impracticable, the convenience and the extreme portability of 'Tabloid' Medicine Pocket-Cases, which enable the physician to dispense emergency medicines at the time of his visit, will be fully appreciated. No. 115. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE POCKKT-CASE phials filled with 'Tabloid 'Brand pro- acts, etc. In Seal. kin, Cowhide, Morocco and other ===;=- > 115. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINK fine leathers. POCKET-CASE Measurements : 8} X 3j X 1 J iu. 135 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE This Case, which is some- what larger and more compre- hensive than the No. 115 Case, contains sixteen A oz. phials of 'Tabloid' Brand products, etc. In Cowhide, Pigskin, Crocodile, Morocco and other fine leathers, o. 117. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASK. ileasurements : 7j X -1 X 3 in. NO. 124. 'TABLOID' BRAND /MEDICINE POCKET-CASE Fitted with from sixteen to twenty-four tubes of Tabloid ' Brand products, according to size of products. In Seal, Crocodile, Morocco and other fine leathers. This Case was specially designed for con- veniently carrying in the breast pocket, on ordinary occasions, a stock of medicines sufficient to combat a variety of contingencies. BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE Specially fitted for emer- gency purposes with fourteen tubes of ' Tabloid ' Brand pro- ducts, and a removable tray containing an equipment of twelve tubes of 'Tabloid' Hypodermic products, a B. W. & Co. Nickel-Plated Hypodermic Syringe and two regular steel needles. In Cowhide and other fine leathers. No. 124. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINI POCKET-CASE 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE Cements :5J X 4 X lj in. No. 126. 'TABLOID' IAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASK With the exception that it contains a No. 3 ' Tabloid ' Brand Hypo- ermic Case instead of the removable tray, this Case is the same as No. 125. MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS No. 133. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE An ideal pocket- case, which closes without straps or other external fas- tening. Metai body, covered with black Morocco or Cowhide. Contains eight i oz. phials of ' Tabloid ' Brand products, etc., and wallet for papers. No. 133.* 'TABLOID' BRAND Mr POCKET-CASE Measurements : 6j X 4j X 1} i NO. 141. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE In Morocco leather. Measurements, yi x 4 X 2^ in. Fitted with fifteen J oz. phials of 'Tabloid Brand products, and a compartment containing small boxes for the physician's use in distributing requisite medicaments. Design similar to No. 117 Case. NO. 232. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE (Physicians Emergency Case) In Cowhide, con- taining ' Vaporole ' Brand products, 'Ernutin' products, 'Wellcome* Brand Ch loroform, B. W. & Co. All- Glass Hypodermic Syringe, ' Tabloid ' Hypodermic pro- ducts, stomach tube, and other emergency appli- ances. No. 232. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE (Physician's Emergency Case) Measurements : 8j X 5* X 3} in. CYCLE, ETC., MEDICINE CASES, 'TABLOID' BRAND 137 CYCLE, CARRIAGE AND MOTOR-CAR CASES MEDICAL EQUIPMENT CHESTS, ETC. 'TABLOID' BRAND [ B. W. & Co.] Special Designs, the property of Burroughs Wellcome & Co. The word 'TABLOID' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering. ' TABLOID' Cycle, Carriage and Motor-Car Cases and Medical Equipment Chests contain 'Tabloid,' 'Soloid' and other fine products of B. W. & Co., minor surgical gn eral instruments and sundry emergency dressings. A practi- great variety is prepared to meet the requirements ti of professional men in home practice, according to the extent and the special character of their particular requirements. ' Tabloid ' Medical Equipment Chests and Cases provide com- plete portable dispensaries for practitioners in distant stations, missionaries, explorers and expeditions of travellers, all kinds. For such purposes they are the only really ex P' ore . rs > satisfactory form of medical equipment, and have been Missions" 5 ' universally adopted. In addition to full supplies of etc " accurately-dosed, permanent and reliable products, these equip- ments contain minor surgical instruments and dressings. (g. IS TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE SADDLE-CASE In Cowhide or Pigskin. Measure- ments : 7 i x 4 J x 2 a in. Fitted in a similar manner to No. 117 Case (see page 135), with sixteen ioz. phials of 'Tabloid' Brand 0.137. 'TABLOID ' BRAND . MEDICINE SADDLE-CASE products, etc. NO. 139. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE SADDLE-CASE Similar to No. 137 Case, but fitted with feather-weight tubes. Measure ments : ?i X 4^ X 2j in. In Cowhide or Pigskin. MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS No. 200. PHYSICIAN'S CYCLE HANDLE-BAR 'TABLOID BRAND MEDICINE CASE No. 300. PHYSICIAN'S CYCLE HANDLE-BAR 'TABLOID* BRAND MEDICINE CASE In black enamelled Cowhide. Measurements : 8J X 2^ X 4^ in. Fitted complete with nine i oz. phials of 'Tabloid' Brand products, etc., minor surgical instruments, and sundry emergency dressings. Weight, about ilb. No. 202. PHYSICIAN'S CYCLE STAY-BAR 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE In black enamelled Cowhide. Measurements : 10 x zf X 5 in. Fitted complete with twelve J oz. phials of 'Tabloid' Brand products, etc., minor surgical instruments and dressings. Similar in design to No. 200 Case. NO. 206. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHEST (As carried by Mr. Thos. Stevens) A reduced facsimile of No. 208 Chest (see page 139). 14} X 4i x 7J in. Made of dressed and varnished Raw-hide. Fitted with twelve 2$ oz. stoppered bottles of ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Brand products, minor instruments, dressings, etc. MiLOID BRAND 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHEST No. 208. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHEST Made of dressed and varnished Raw-hide; very light, portable an< durable. Measurements: 15* X 5} X 9 in. Fitted with twelve 4 oz stoppered bottles of 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brand products, instruments dressings, etc. No. 209. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE In Morocco leather, Cowhide or Pigskin. Measurements: 10 X 5 X 6'r in. Contains nine i oz., twenty-four i oz. and thirteen 2 dr. phials of ' Tabloid' and ' Soloid' Brand products; medicine measure, extra pockets, and loops for instruments ; twelve tubes of ' Tabloid ' Hypodermic products, a B. W. & Co. Nickel-Plated Hypodermic Syringe, two regular steel needles, etc. NO. 219. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE In Morocco leather. Measurements: 13$ X 6 X 6J in. Metal frame. Contains eight 2 oz. stoppered, ten i oz., twelve 6 dr., eight 4 dr. and ten 2 dr. corked phials. The rows of phials are arranged to fall so as to show the labels. Fitted with 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brand products, twelve tubes of 'Tabloid' Hypodermic products, a B. W. & Co. Nickel-Plated Hypodermic Syringe, with two regular steel needles, etc. MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS NO. 220. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE In Morocco leather or Cowhide. Measurements : 14 x 5^ x 9$ in. Phials arranged in tiers to display labels. Contains eight 2 oz. stoppered. twelve i oz., fourteen 6 dr. and sixteen 4 dr. corked phials of 'Tabloid ' and 'Soloid' Brand products, twelve tubes of 'Tabloid' Hypodermic products, a B. W. & Co. Nickel-Plated Hypodermic Syringe, two regular steel needles, space and loops for instruments, etc. Similar in design to No. 221 Case. No. 221. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE No. 221. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE In extra finish Cowhide, Morocco, Crocodile or Pigskin. Measurements : 14 X 5j X oi in. Fitted in the same way as No. 220 Case, with the addition of nine 2 dr. phials of ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Brand products, and a glass-stoppered and capped ether bottle. NO. 227. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE In Cowhide or Pigskin. Measurements : 6 X 3! X 3 in. Made of two metal cups and frames covered with leather. Arranged to contain twenty ij dr., twelve i dr. and fourteen J dr. tubes of ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Brand products. Weight, about 2 Ib. 6 oz. No. 229. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE This case is conveniently shaped for packing in trunk, kit-bag or suit case. Its rounded corners prevent injury to adjacent articles. Measure- ments : 8i x si x sJ in. Made of two metal cups and frames covered with Cowhide. Arranged to hold forty 4 dr. phials of ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Brand products. Weight, about 4 Ib. 13 oz. No. 230. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE A Morocco leather or Cowhide case, which, when closed, measures 8 X sj X 2* in. Fitted with ten phials of 'Tabloid' and ' Soloid ' Brand products, minor surgical instruments, and emergency dressings. D MEDICINE CASE Conveniently shaped for packing in trunk or bag. This case provides 3. remarkably compact and satisfactory outfit of emergency drugs, instruments and dressings, and will be found of particular utility when the practitioner is working at some distance. NO. 231. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE (As suggested by Sir W. MOORE) In black japanned metal. Measurements : lof X 7} X 3 in. Contains fifteen i oz. corked phials, and one 4 oz. corked bottle ; minor surgical instruments and dress- ings. Complete with ' Tabloid 'Brand products, etc.. as recommended in SirW. MOORE'S Manual of Family Medicine for India. Weight, about RAND MEDICINE CASE 6 Ib. 14 oz. MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS NO. 250. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHEST (As supplied to the late Sir H. M. STANLEY, EMIN PASHA, Military Expeditions. Missionaries, etc.) No. 250. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHEST In japanned sheet-steel. Measurements : isj X io X SJ in. Weight, about 40 Ib. Contains six 5 oz. and thirty 3^ oz. glass-stoppered bottles of 'Tabloid,' 'Soloid' and other fine products, in movable teak- wood tray. The lid holds supplies of ' Tabloid ' Bandages and Dressings, minor surgical instruments and other accessories. NO. 251. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHEST (As supplied to the Jackson-Harmsworth Polar, the National Antarctic the British Antarctic and other expeditions.) E CHEST In Aluminium. Measurements : 15} x loj X 8J in. Weight, about 27 Ib. Contains forty 3* oz. feather-weight bottles of ' Tabloid,' ' Soloid ' and other fine products. In other respects the fitting is the same as No. 250. The ideal expeditionary chest when lightness and completeness are essential. CHESTS AND CASES, ' TABLOID ' No. 254. -TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHEST (The Indi In japanned metal. Measurements : gi X 7 X 6J in. Contains sixteen i| oz. glass- stoppered bottles, and six 4 dr. phials of ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Brand products. instruments and tray carrying sundry dressings, etc. Weight, about 12 Ib. As carried by the late G. W. Steevens, the war correspondent. 54. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHKST (The Indian) NO. 256. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHEST (As supplied to the DUKE OF THE ABRUZZI'S POLAR EXPEDITION) In Aluminium. Measurements : ioj X 6 X 7$ in. Fitted with eighteen 3i oz. feather-weight tubes of 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brand products, and a tray containing minor dressings and sundries. A similar chest is supplied in black japanned metal, and is known as No. 255 Chest. The contents are the same as No. 256 Chest, with the exception that the ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Brand products are in glass- stoppered bottles. No. 258. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE (The Settler's) In black japanned metal. Measurements: 8J X 4 i X 5! in. Contains twelve ij oz. bottles of ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Brand products, 1 Hazeline ' Cream, ' Tabloid ' Bandages and Dressings, adhesive plaster and other accessories. A very compact and useful case, adapted for settlers' or planters' use, and for stations, farms or camps in outlying districts. ICINE CASE (The Settler's) MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS NO. 603. 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE Measurements: 6i x 3$ x 2 in. Fitted with five oval bottles of 'Tabloid' Brand products: Cascara Sagrada, gr. 2; Phenacetin Compound ; Potassium Chlorate and Borax ; Quinine Bisulphate, gr. 2. and Soda-Mint, also one bottle of ' Soloid' Boric Acid. gr. 6 (perfumed). In Rex Red, Royal Blue or Brewster Green Enamelled Metal, or in Aluminised Metal. NO. 700. 'TABLOID' BRAND EMERGENCY BELT Measurements: 43 X 4.} in., with buckles and shoulder straps; seven waterproof pouches, fitted as follows : Aluminium case of surgical instruments ; aluminium case containing Hypodermic Syringe and ' Tabloid ' Hypodermic products; twenty-three feather-weight tubes of 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brand products; combined mortar and medicine cup. emergency dressings, etc. ANTIDOTE CASE, 'TABLOID' BRAND [ B. W. & Co.] Special Design, the property of Burroughs Wellcome & Co. The word 'TABLOID 1 is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering. A compact equipment, containing apparatus and drugs ready for immediate use in the treatment of poisoning. No. 300. 'TABLOID' BRAND ANTIDOTE CASE Measurements: 12 X 6 X 3 in. Fitted with stomach syphon - tube, catheter, a B. W. & Co. Nickel - Plated Hypodermic 'Tabloid' Hypodermic pro- ducts, . ' Vaporole ' Amy! Nitrite. and toxicological chart; also eighteen \ oz. phials and three tubes of 'Tabloid' Brand antidotes, etc.. etc. 'TABLOID' BRAND ANTIDOTE CASE ANALYSIS CASES, ' SOLOID ' BRAND 145 ANALYSIS CASES, 'SOLOID' BRAND [ B. W. & Co.] Special Designs, the property of Burroughs Wellcome & Co. The word 'SOLOID ' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering. NO. 500. 'SOLOID' BRAND WATER ANALYSIS CASE This convenient hand-case supplies the apparatus, reagents, etc., necessary for examining samples of drinking- Ana i ysis water at the source of supply, and for drawing up at source the usual reports concerning the suitability of the water for domestic purposes. Measurements : 12^ X io X 4! in. It contains a nickel evaporating basin, Erlenmeyer flask, tripod, spirit lamp, 100 c.c. and other graduated cylinders, capsules of 'Soloid' Brand Nessler's Solution, ' Soloid ' Brand products of Metaphenylene- diamine Sulphate, Po- tassium Chromate, Potassium Ferrocya- ni d e , P o tassium Permanganate, Silver Nitrate, Soap, Sodium Acid Sulphate, Zinc Dust, etc. In case of breakage, the whole or any single piece of the apparatus may be obtained sepa- rately. The supply of ' Soloid ' reagents may be renewed. No. 500. 1 SOLOID ' BRAND WATER ANALYSIS CASE duller particulars of the examples sent on request MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS NO. 505. 'SOLOID' BRAND By No. 505. ' SOLOID' BRAND BACTERIOLOGICAL CASE Measurements : 5 X 3J X if in. This case enables medical men to carry out examinations which formerly were usually submitted to laboratory workers. Owing to its small size and light weight it can readily be carried in the pocket to the patient's bedside, to obtain a blood specimen or a throat swab. In nickel-plated metal with doeskin cover, easily rendered aseptic, and containing : Three stoppered bottles, contain- ing: Methyl alcohol, dr. li Absolute alcohol, dr. ij Distilled water, dr. i* Rod-stoppered bottle of Canada balsam Graduated pipette Cover-glass forceps Dissection forceps Twelve microscopic slides Spirit lamp Glass funnel Two watch-glasses Packet of filter papers Metal case of needles (straight No. 9) Supply of blood-collecting pipettes Fifty cover-slips Glass rod for powdering micro- scopic stains, etc. Sterile swab One tube each of the following ' Soloid ' stains : Eosin, Methyl Violet, Fuchsine, Romanowsky Stain, Eosin- Methylene Blue, Methylene Blue, Haematoxylin (Dela- field), Toison Blood Fluid. CD URINE TEST CASE No. 506. 'SOLOID' BRAND BLOOD TEST CASE asurements: 4 X 3j X lj in. NO. 506 'SOLOID' BRAND BLOOD TEST CASE Containing ' Soloid ' Brand Romanowsky Microscopic Stain (Leishman's Powder), one 20 c.c. drop bottle, one 10 c.c. stoppered phial, 10 c.c. Methyl Alcohol in stoppered phial, i c.c. pipette, grease pencil, and case con- taining six micro- scopic slides and Hagedorn needle in alcohol. The Hage- microscopic slides are in a separate box which may, if 'separately required, be carried in the vest pocket. In nickel- plated metal, with doeskin cover. NO. 510. 'SOLOID' BRAND URINE TEST CASE The clinical importance of urine analysis is fully recognised. This case provides, in a most compact and con- venient form, the requirements for making an analysis examination of urine at the bedside. Owing to "j""^ ?*.. their purity and accuracy, the ' Soloid ' Brand pro- ducts contained in this case provide reliable test solutions without any weighing whatever being necessitated, In nickel-plated metal, which is easily rendered aseptic. It contains a complete set of materials for making an examination of urine, both qualitative and quantitative, for albu- min, sugar, etc. The outfit includes a urino- meter, Esbach's albu- minimeter, a graduated measure, pipette, test- tubes and stand, test- papers, spirit lamp, analysis charts, and a good supply of ' Soloid ' reagents, including Fehling's Test, Indigo Test, Picric Acid, Potassium Ferro- cyanide and Citric 510. ' SOLOID ' BRAND URIN CASE Measurements : 5| X 2} X lj i Acid. Each portion of the Complete with doeskin cover. apparatus can also be obtained separately FIRST-AID, 'TABLOID BRAND S 'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID FOR AUTOMOBILISTS, AVIATORS, AERONAUTS, YACHTS- MEN, SPORTSMEN, TRAVELLERS, TOURISTS, ETC. [ B. W. & Co.] Special Designs, the property of Burroughs Wellcome & Co. The word 'TABLOID 1 is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. These equipments provide compact, complete outfits of emer- gency medicines, dressings and first-aid accessories. Portable and convenient, they comprise ideal outfits for motorists, cyclists, aviators, aeronauts, yachtsmen and explorers. No. 702. 'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID In Rex Red, Royal Blue or Brewster Green Enamelled Leather. Measure- ments : 7 X si X z| in. Contains eight tubes of ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Brand products, ' Vaporole ' Aromatic Ammonia, for use as "Smelling Salts," 'Borofax,' ' Hazeline ' Cream, sal volatile, Carron oil (solidified), ' Tabloid ' Bandages and Dressings, tourniquet, jaconet, plaster, protective skin, scissors, pins, etc., etc. NO. 706. 'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET FlRST-AlD Measurements : ji X 3 xfin. Contains 'Tabloid' Bandage, boric gauze, Carron oil (solidified). ' Vaporole ' Aromatic Ammonia, for use as "Smelling Salts, "ad- hesive plaster, court plaster, jaconet, pins, a card of contents, etc. In Aluminium. No. 706. 'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET FIRST-AID As carried by M. Louis Paulhan in his aeroplane flight from London to Manchester, April 27-28, 1910. KIRST-AID, 'TABLOID' BRAND NO. 707. 'TABLOID' BRAND FlRST-AlD In Rex Red, Royal Blue or Brewster Green Enamelled Metal, orin Aluminised Metal. Measurements :6ix 3 ix 2 in. Contains seven tubes of 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brand products, ' Vaporole ' Aromatic Ammonia, for use as "Smelling Salts," 'Borofax,' Carron oil (solidified) and jaconet, castor oil, ' Tabloid ' Bandages and Dressings, plaster, protective skin, scissors, pins, etc., etc. 707. ' TABLOID ' BRAND FIRST-AID 'TABLOID' BRAND FlRST-AlD TABLOID ' BRAND Fi In Rex Red, Royal Blue or Brewster Green Enam- elled Metal, or in Alumin- ised Metal. Measure- ments : 6 X sJ x 2 in. Contains 'Tabloid Bandages and Dressings. ' Vaporole ' Aromatic Am- monia, for use as " Smell' ing Salts," ' Borofax,- Carron oil (solidified) jaconet, plaster, protec- tive skin, camel - hair brush, pins, etc., and two tubes of ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Brand products. With webbing strap for attaching to belt or cycle. NO. 709. 'TABLOID' BRAND FlRST-AlD (The Boy Scout's) In Rex Red or Royal Blue Enamelled Metal. Measurements: 6 X si X 2 in. Contains 'Tabloid ' Bandages and Dressings, ' Vaporole ' Aromatic Ammonia, for use as "Smelling Salts," 'Borofax,' Carron oil (solidified), jaconet, plaster, protective skin, camel-hair brush, pins, etc. With webbing strap for attaching to belt or cycle. 150 FIRST-AID, ' TABLOID BRAND NO. 712. 'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID In Rex Red, Royal Blue or Brewster Green Enamelled Metal, or in aluminised Metal. Measurements: 6^X4^X2 in. Contains seven tubes of ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Brand products, ' Vaporole ' for use as " Smelling Salts," 'Borofax,' Carron oil (solidified) and jaconet, castor oil, ' Tabloid ' Bandages and Dressings, plaster, protective skin, scissors, pins, etc., etc. No. 712. 'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID NO. 715. 'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID In Rex Red, Royal Blue or Brewster Green Enamelled Metal, or in Aluminised or Black Japanned Metal. Measurements : yA X 4J x 2 in. Con- tains eight tubes of 'Tabloid' and ' Soloid ' Brand pro- ducts, 'Vaporole' Aromatic Ammonia, for use as "Smelling Salts," ' Borofax,' sal volatile, Carron oil (solidified), Castor Oil, ' Tabloid ' Bandages and Dress- ings, jaconet, plaster, protective skin, scissors, pins, etc. 715- 'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID FIRST-AID, 'TABLOID' BRAND Measurements: 4X3 T 1 ff x f in. Contains ' Tabloid ' Bandage, 'Tabloid' Cotton Wool, ' Tabloid ' Boric Gauze and Swab, ' Vaporole' Aromatic Am- ing Salts," 'Borofax' Boric Acid Ointment, Carron oil (solidified), adhesive plaster, court plaster, etc. In Scarlet Enamelled Metal. TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID No. 710. 'TABLOID' B N0.730. 'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID (Wall-case for Offices, Theatres, Assembly Halls, etc.) Measurements : 16^ X zoj X 2j in. Contains 'Tabloid' Bandages and Dressings, 'Borofax' Boric Acid Ointment, Carron oil, sal volatile, 'Hazeline,' 'Hazeline' Cream, '"Hazeline' Snow," 'Vaporole' Aro- matic Ammonia, for use as " Smelling Salts," adhe- sive plaster, court plaster, scissors, forceps, camel- hair brushes, safety-pins, etc., and ten phials of 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brand products. In Mahogany, with glass front. No. 730. ' TABLOID ' BRAND FIRST- Ai FIRST-AID, 'TABLOID' BRAND SOME CHARACTERISTIC 'TABLOID' AND 'SOLOID' CASES For Hypodermic, Dispensing, Analytical and First-Aid use On these four pages facsimile reproductions in natural colours of some characteristic ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' Equipments are presented. Further particulars of these Cases will be found on the pages indicated under the illustrations. NO. 20 'TABLOID'BRAND ASEPTIC HYPODERMI POCKET-CASE Xo. 20 'Tabloid' Aseptic Hypodermic Pocket-Case Measurements: 44 * if * fin. full details, see " Modern Medical Equipments," page 130 No. 91 ASEPTIC OPHTHALMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET-CASE itted with ' Tabloid ' and Soloid Ophthalmic products, Camel- Hair Brushes, Mortar and Pestle, etc. Measurements : 2i * li x 7 in. Tabloid' Ophthalmic Pocket-Case (Nickel-plated Metal) For full details, sec " Modern Medical Equipments," page 1.33 NO. 125 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE A convenient, hand- some case for the breast- pocket. Contains 14 tubes of ' Tabloid ' Brand products and a remov- able tray, carrying iz tubes of ' Tabloid ' Hypodermic products, a B. \V. & Co. nickel- plated Hypodermic sytinge and two regular (Green Crocodile Leather) Measurements: 5i x 4 x ijin. For full details, see "Modern Medical Equipments," page 135 NO. 133 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE A unique case for the pocket. The outside is perfectly No. 133 'Tabloid' Medicine Pocket-Ca Measurements: 6| x 4j x For full details, see "Modern Medical Equipments," No. 232 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE (Physician's Emergency Measurements : Si x 54 x 3iin. No. 232 'Tabloid' Medicine Case (Cowhide) For full details, see "Modern Medical Equipments," page 136 NO. 505 'SOLOID' BRAND BACTERIOLOGICAL CASE Easily rendered aseptic Doeskin Cover No. 505 'Soloid' Bacteriological Case (Nickel-plated Metal) Measurements : 5 x 3 4 x 1 1 in. For full details, see "Modern Medical Equipments" page 146 NO. 510 'SOLOID' BRAND URINE TEST CASE No. 510 'Soloirt' Urine Test Case ( Nickel-plated Metal I Measurements : 5? x 2! x liin. I'm- full details, sec " Modern Medical Equipments," page 147 NO. 702 'TABLOID' BRAND F I R S T - A I D l-'or full details, sec " Modern Medical Equipments," page 148 T ^ 'SOLOID' BRAND URINE TEST CASE NO. 510 The early pages of this book trace the develop- ment of the art of urine-testing from the mists of antiquity. ' SOLOID ' URINE TEST CASE, No. 510, embodies the modern ideal of urine-testing apparatus. Every appliance contained in this unique equip- ment is of the finest quality, and each reagent is scientifically exact and always dependable. The whole outfit will go easily into the pocket and can be carried and used as conveniently at the patient's bedside as in the consulting room. When this equipment is used the examination of urine becomes a simple matter. It facilitates accuracy, thus adding to the importance of urine-testing as a means of diagnosis. See also pages 147 and 156 DANGEROUS ABBREVIATION The words ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' should always be written in full to ensure the supply of genuine B. W. Si Co. products. When ordering a certain product an abbreviation may bring you what you do not want, and thereby cause serious disappointment. To write any contraction of ' Tabloid ' or ' Soloid,' when these brands are intended, intro- duces an element of doubt. Why take the risk ? Behind the brands ' Tabloid ' and ' Soloid ' are years of research, experience and endeavour the whole foundation of Burroughs Wellcome & Co.'s reputation. When 'Tabloid' - or 'Soloid' - - is written, in whatever part of the world the prescrip- tion is dispensed, the patient will receive the same genuine products of uniform strength and unvarying activity compounded with exceptional accuracy from ingredients of the highest standard of purity. It is best and safest, therefore, to write the word in full, thus FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS ISSUED BY BURROUGHS WELLCOME & Co. The Products of Burroughs Wellcome & Co. are guaranteed by them under the Food and Drugs Act, June 30, 1906. Serial No. 3394 'Alaxa ' Aromatic Liqueur of Cascara Sagrada DOSE (Trade Mark) An aromatic liqueur which presents the tonic One-half to laxative properties of cascara sagrada in a two teaspoon- pleasant and acceptable condition. fuls. Alkaloids, ' Wellcome ' Brand (see pages 237-247,) Ammonium Chloride Inhaler, 'Vaporole' Brand (seepage 235,) Analysis Cases, ' Soloid ' Brand (see pages 145-147,) Analysis Charts, packets of 25. Anaesthetics, Local (see ' Tabloid ' Hypodermic Anaesthetic Compounds, page ijoj Antidote Case, ' Tabloid ' Brand (see page 144 ) 4 Aol,' a derivative of Santalum album (see ' Tabloid ' (Trade Mark) Brand products, page 199) Arylarsonates (see 'Soamin.'/a^ 225; Bacteriological Case, 4 Soloid' Brand (see page 146} Bandages, Pleated Compressed, 'Tabloid' Brand (see page 162) ' Bivo ' Beef and Iron Wine ( Trade Mark) Restorative and stimulant. Possesses exceptional properties which distinguish it from ordinary beef-wines. Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless other-wise stated 160 TR * DE MARKS FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS ' Borofax ' BRAND BORIC ACID OINTMENT (Trade Mark) An emollient, possessing antiseptic and sedative properties. ' Brockedon ' Products Burroughs Wellcome & Co. are the successors to, and sole proprietors of, the business of BROCKEDON, who, in 1842, ORIGINATED COMPRESSED MEDICINES in the shape of bi-convex discs issued under the designation of COMPRESSED PILLS. ' Brockedon ' Brand Bicarbonate of Soda, in boxes of three sizes ,, ,, ,, Potass ,, ,, " " Chlorate ,, * n*vm mu \ev \rtw<* <**' Chemicals, 'Wellcome' Brand (see pages 237-247) CHESTS AND CASES (B. W. & Co.) A comprehensive selection of chests and cases is prepared and issued under the 'TABLOID' and 'SoLOio' Brands, fitted with medicines for every variety of climate, and varying in size and contents, from the fully-equipped chests containing supplies sufficient for medical officers to expeditions, etc., down to the compact pocket-cases suited to the needs of the private practitioner. Analysis Cases, ' Soloid ' Brand (see page 145) Antidote Case, ' Tabloid ' Brand (see page 144) Antiseptic Cases, ' Soloid ' Brand Fitted with from four to eighteen containers of ' Soloid ' Brand antiseptics. Bacteriological Case, 'Soloid' Brand (see page 146) Blood Test Case, ' Soloid ' Brand (see page 147) First-Aid, 'Tabloid' Brand (see pages 148-152) Hypodermic Pocket-Cases, 'Tabloid' Brand (see pages 129-133) Medicine Chests and Cases, ' Tabloid ' Brand (see pages 134-144) Urine Test Case, ' Soloid ' Brand (see page 147) Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Compound Menthol Snuff (B. W. & Co.) (s page ij6j Dental Hypodermic Syringe, The B. W. & Co. (see page i6S) DRESSINGS, SURGICAL ?iS 'TABLOID' BRAND Pleated Compressed Dressings were originated and introduced by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. The word 'TABLOID' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. To ensure the supply of pure and reliable preparations, this brand should always be specified when ordering. The introduction of ' Tabloid ' Pleated Compressed Bandages and Dressings marks an important advance in the preparation of surgical accessories. These bandages and dress- ings are made of materials of the best quality, and I^n^"* are subjected to great pressure under which each assumes a rectangular shape. After compression, each is automatically wrapped in an impervious covering of parchment paper. The superiority of ' Tabloid ' Dressings over the ordinary variety is very marked, not only in convenience and com- pactness, but also in quality of materials. Their more important advantages may be thus summarised : I. Only materials of exceptional quality are used in their preparation, and their general excellence commends them to critical users. Graphic representation (one-half actu&.l size), showing the relative bulk of an ordinary and a 'Tabloid' Bandage Each 6 yards X 2$ in. Fharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated FORMULARY OF FINE Dressings. 'Tabloid' Brand continued 2. They occupy the smallest possible space and yet can be unfolded as easily as those previously in use. 3. They are kept free from all risk of contamination. 4. The antiseptic dressings are evenly charged with medicament. 5. By reason of their extreme compactness they are by far the best for the hand-bag, cycle- or saddle-case. The illustration above graphically demonstrates the saving in space which is effected when ' Tabloid ' Pleated Compressed Bandages and Dressings are carried. The relative sizes of an ordinary and a Pleated Bandage are striking. The flat sides of Pleated Bandages enable them to be packed in a fraction of the space required by those previously in use. These dressings are also issued sterilised in special impervious coverings. The requirements of modern surgical treatment, so imperfectly fulfilled by many of the ordinary cheap dressings, are ideally met by these sterilised pleated products. The following are issued in packages of i dozen : Absorbent Wool between Gauze, Pleated Com- pressed, ' Tabloid ' Brand- In 2 ounce packets. Bandages, Pleated Compressed, 'Tabloid' Brand- Open Wove, I in. x 6 yards ,, ,, 2\ in. x 6 yards Flannel, 2j in. x 5 yards Triangular (Esmarch's Pictorial) in packets of 2 bandages Carbolised Tow, Pleated Compressed, ' Tabloid ' Brand- In 2 ounce packets. Cotton Wool, Pleated Compressed, 'Tabloid' Brand- Absorbent, \ ounce, in packets of 4 (not supplied sterilised) ,, i and 2 ounce packets Boric, i and 2 ,, ,, Double Cyanide, 3%, I and 2 , ; lodoform, I and 2 ,. ,, Pharmacopceial preparations are U. S. P. unless otherwise stated ISSUED BY B. W. AND CO. TRADE MARKS II Dressings, ' Tabloid ' Brand continued Gauze, 'Tabloid' Brand- Absorbent, in packets of 3 yards (compressed) Bismuth, in cartons of 6, I yd. x i in., sterilised only >' i yd. x 2 in., ,, ,, i yd. x 3 in., in packets of 3yds. x 36 in. (compressed) B ric, in packets of 3 yards (compressed) Double Cyanide, 3%, ,, ,, 3 lodoform, ,, ,, i yard 1 1 , , , , 6 yds. x i in. , , Sal Alembroth, i%, ,, ,,3 yards ,, Lint, Pleated Compressed, 'Tabloid' Brand- Plain, i and 2 ounce packets Boric, I and 2 ,, ,, Carbolised, i Effervescent Medicinal Substances, Tabloid ' Brand- In the preparation of ' Tabloid ' Effervescent products only ingredients of exceptional purity are employed, and special methods are adopted to retain their effervescent properties. On account of their relatively small surface, the 'Tabloid' products are much less liable to deterioration than the ordinary granular preparations. Mixed with water they promptly render draughts of a refreshingly effervescent nature and accurate posology. (See ' Tabloid ' Brand Effervescent Products, page 207) K 'ELIXOID' BRAND PRODUCTS The word 'ELIXOID' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering. ' ELIXOID ' Brand Products are elegant and acceptable fluid preparations of important medicaments to which agreeable flavours have been imparted without in any degree diminish- ing their physiological activity. Pharmacopteial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated 164 TRADE MARKS FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS 'Elixoid' Brand Vro&ucts-continucei 'ELIXOID' BRAND Ammonium Valerate, in bottles of 8 Imperial fl. oz. Each fluid drachm contains Ammonium Valerate, gr. 2. Formates Compound, in bottles of 4 Imperial fl. oz. Each fluid ounce contains : Calcium Formate, gr. 12; Sodium Formate, gr. 6 ; and Magnesium Formate, gr. 6. Glycerophosphates, in bottles of 4 Imperial fl. oz. Each fluid ounce contains : Calcium Glycerophosphate, gr. 4 ; Sodium Glycerophosphate, gr. 2 ; Potassium Glycerophosphate, gr. 2 ; and Magnesium Glycerophos- phate, gr. I. -. Mucin, in bottles of 4 Imperial fl. oz. Each fluid drachm contains Mucin, in suspension, gr. 2\. Pine Tar Compound, in bottles of 4 Imperial fl. oz. A pleasantly-flavoured preparation containing Tar, ' Pinol,' Terpin Hydrate, Wild Black Cherry, Tolu and Ipecac in a convenient and acceptable form. Also various other preparations issued under the l Elixoid' Brand X 'ENULE' BRAND RECTAL SUPPOSITORIES The word 'ENULE' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. The ' ENULE ' Rectal Suppository possesses conspicuous advantages over those of the ordinary conical shape, which are Enule ' Brand Rectal Suppository showing sheath of pure tinfoil. This shape originated by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated ISSUED BY B. W. AND CO. ' Enule ' Brand Rectal Suppositories continued difficult to introduce, and may even be expelled. ' Enule ' Suppositories are encased in sheaths of pure tinfoil, easily stripped off at the moment of using. They contain accurate doses of pure drugs, the active principles of which are evenly diffused throughout the mass, and they retain the full activity of the medicament for long periods of time. PROF. CASPARI, in his Treatise on Pharmacy, says : " The usual shape of rectal suppositories is that of a cone with a rounded pex, but the difficulty of readily introducing them into the rectum has led o the designing of a new shape by H. S. Wellcome, of London, ne great advantages of which become apparent when it is Vvr ^ rt emembered that the bulbous end is inserted into the rectum, nd that, as soon as the greatest diameter has been passed, xpulsion of the suppository is impossible, by reason of the ery contractile force of the sphincter muscle, which renders retention of le ordinary conical shape often so difficult." Each kind is issued in boxes of one dozen (of one strength) ' ENULE' BRAND DIRECTION No. ,, 26. Belladonna Extract gr. 1/4 ... As required 27. ,, ,, gr- 1/2 ... As required ,, 9. Bismuth Subgallate gr. 10 ... As required ,, 14. Cocaine Hydrochloride gr. 1/2 ... As required ,, 25. Gall and Opium ............ As required 3 Acidi Tannici ...... gr. 3 Ext. Opii ......... gr- 1/4 ,, i. Glycerin (Anhyd.), 95 "/ Children's size As required ,, 2. Glycerin (Anhyd.), 95% Adults' size As required ,, 5. ' Hazeline ' Compound As required Containing ' Hazeline,' Extract of Hamamelis and Zinc Oxide. (See also 'Hazeline Suppositories) 28. Lead and Opium As required imbi Acetatis gr. 3 Iv. Opii g r - ' Predigested Children's size \ Adults' size / ' aining gr. 8 and gr. 15, respectively, of icentrated peptone from choice fresh beef. Plumbi Acetatis Pulv. Opii ......... gr- i 3. Meat, Predigested Children's size j Ag ired 4. ,, >, Adults size J Cent conc< Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated FORMULARY OF ' Enule ' Brand Rectal Suppositories continued ' EN ULE' BRAND continued DIRECTION . " Mi) k , Predicted CM,drVs iz e J Containing gr. 10 and gr. 18, respectively, of concentrated peptone from new milk. ,, 29. Morphine and Belladonna ... ... As required 3 Morphine Hydrochloridi ... gr. 1/4 Ext. Belladonnse gr. 1/2 ,, 1 6. Morphine Hydrochloride gr. 1/4 ... As required ,, 17. ,, ,, gr. 1/2 ... As required 18. ,, ,, gr. I ... As required ,, 20. Opium Extract ... gr. i ... As required ,, 13. Quassin, Amorphous gr. 1/2 ... One on each The bitter principle of quassia wood, of at least used in the treatment of thread- twelve suc- worms, especially in children. cessive nights ,, 8. Quinine Bisulphate ... gr. 5 ... As required ,, 21. Santonin gr. 3 ... As required ,, 23. Soap Compound ... ... ... As required IJ Sappnis Animalis gr. 7 Sodii Sulphatis Exsiccati ... gr. 7 Also other products issued under the ' Enule ' Brand ' Enule ' Brand Rectal Suppositories must be stored in a cool and dry place. ' Epinine ' (3 : 4-dihydroxyphenylethylmethylamine), I in 100 (Trade Mark) In amber-coloured stoppered bottles containing IO c.c. and 25 c.c. A supply of ' Soloid' Sodium Chloride, 0-23 gm., for preparing normal saline solution, is included with each bottle. ' Vaporole ' ' Epinine,' see page 234 BS 'ERNUTIN' BRAND PRODUCTS The characteristic effects on the uterus and blood-pressure, for the induction of which ergot is exhibited, are due to certain active principles, which have been isolated at the Wellcome Physio- logical Research Laboratories. Many ergot preparations contain little or none of these principles, and give negative or even harmful results. 'ERNUTIN ' products present the active therapeutic principles of ergot, in a state of purity which hitherto has never been Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated ' Ernutin ' Brand Products continued approached. They are free from undesirable concomitants, and produce exact therapeutic effects. Physiologically standardised by observation of effects on the vaso-motor function of the sympathetic nervous system, ' Ernutin ' products represent a uniform degree of activity. ' Ernutin ' (Oral) In i oz.,4 oz. and 16 oz. DOSE amber-coloured stoppered bottles. 30 to 6ominims 'Ernutin' (for Hypodermic use) (see 'Vaporole' ' Ernutin, 'page 234) For full particulars of the pharmacology and therapeutics of 'Ernutin ' products, see special booklet. Ether, in hermetically-sealed glass capsules, each containing min. 60. ' Eucalyptia,' pure oil of Eucalyptus globttltis (Trade Mark) Respiratory disinfectant and deodorant. Bottles containing 2 Imperial fl. oz. First-Aid, 'Tabloid' Brand (see pages 148 -152,1 Gauze, 'Tabloid' Brand (seepage 163) Glycerin 'Enule' Suppositories (seepage 165^ ES 'HAZELINE' BRAND PREPARATIONS DOSE 'Hazeline' Brand An anodyne and styptic dr. I to Hamamclis virgini- fluid obtained by dis- dr. 3 ana, in 4 and 16 dilation from the fresh Imperial fl. oz. young twigs. bottles. 'Hazeline' Cream, in Combines anodyne collapsible tubes and astringent and emol- glass pots. lient properties. 'Hazeline' Soap, in Contains pure 'Hazeline.' boxes of 3 tablets. ' ' ' Hazeline ' Snow," A non-greasy preparation, (Trade Mark) owing its astringent, in glass pots. soothing and healing properties to the pre- sence of a high percen- tage of ' Hazeline. ' rharmacopxial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS 'Hazeline' Brand Preparations continued DOSE 'Hazeline' Supposi- Contain pure 'Hazeline' One as tories, in boxes of 12. required (See also ' Enule ' ' Hazeline ' Compound, page 165) Also other preparations issued under the ' Hazeline ' Brand HYPODERMIC APPARATUS SYRINGES All-Glass Aseptic Hypodermic Syringe, The B. W. & Co. Barrel, piston and nozzle consist entirely of glass. The solid piston obviates any necessity for packing. May be instantly taken apart and sterilised. Five sizes, min. 15, min. 20, min. 40, min. 60, and I c.c., with two steel needles. A detachable finger-grip (nickel-plated) entirely distinct from the working parts of the syringe, can be supplied. A ' Tabloid ' Detachable Sheath-Grip is also issued for use with this syringe. (If desired, platino-iridium needles can be fitted) All-Glass Aseptic Hypodermic Syringe (H Pattern), The B. W. & Co. Constructed specially for intramuscular injection. Min. 20 or min. 40, each with two intramuscular steel needles. Dental Hypodermic Syringe, The B. W. & Co. Made of solid metal throughout ; therefore durable and easily rendered aseptic. Min. 30, with adjustable finger-grip", three needle-attachments, and three steel needles ; complete in nickel-plated metal case, with doeskin cover. Hypodermic Syringe, The B. W. & Co. Solid Silver. Nozzle detachable, so that the solution of a ' Tabloid ' Hypodermic product may be effected in the barrel. With two platino-iridium needles, in case. Capacity, min. 20. Hypodermic Syringe, The B. W. & Co. Nickel-plated. With two regular steel needles and finger- grip. Capacity, min. 15 or min. 20. (If desired, platino-iridium needles can be fitted) Pharmacopaeial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Hypodermic Apparatus continued S Y R I N GES continued Mercury Succinimide Outfit, The B. W. & Co. For treatment with Mercuric Succinimide. CONTENTS The B. W. & Co. All-Glass Aseptic Syringe (H pattern), min. 20. Two Platino-Iridium Needles. Two tubes ' Tabloid ' Hypodermic No. 98, Mercuric Succinimide, gr. 1/5. Complete in metal case. Serum Syringe, The B. W. & Co. All-Glass Aseptic The working parts are composed entirely of glass, the needle being attached to the nozzle by a flexible rubber joint which guards against fracture. In five sizes, 2 c.c. , 3 c. c., 5 c.c. , 10 c.c. or 25 c.c., with two steel needles, in metal case. (If desired, platino-iridium needles can be fitted) Serum Syringe, The B. W. & Co. Nickel-plated In nickel-plated metal case, complete, with two special platino-iridium needles, capacity 5 c.c. or 10 c.c. Needles for B. W. & Co. Syringes (Full list, etc., sent on request) HYPODERMIC PRODUCTS l 'TABLOID' BRAND The word 'TABLOID' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering. "They are quite free from objectionable and irritative salts." British Medical Journal. "They are very soluble and not at all irritating." Lancet. ' Tabloid' Hypodermic products accurately contain the stated weight of pure medicament. They are rapidly soluble, of uniform activity, and they keep perfectly. PREPARATION STRENGTH DOSE 'TABLOID* BRAND (Hypodermic) ,, 36 Aconitine Nitrate ... gr. 1/640 One Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS As required As required w gr. 1/20 to * gr. I/io One Hypodermic Products, 'Tabloid' Brand continued PREPARATION STRENGTH DOSE 'TABLOID' BRAND (Hypodermic) No. ,, 71. * Anaesthetic Compound, A As required B Cocainae Hydrochloridi... gr. i/io Morphinae Hydrochloridi gr. 1/50 SodiiChloridi gr. 9/10 ,, 7. * Anaesthetic Compound, B 5 Cocaine Hydrochloridi... gr. 1/5 Morphinas Hydrochloridi gr. 1/50 Sodh Chloridi gr. 9/10 ,, 80. * Anaesthetic Compound, C IJ. Eucainas Lactatis ... gr. 7/16 SodiiChloridi gr. 3-15/16 ,, 87. Apomorphine Hydrochloride gr. 1/20 51- gr. 1/15 J 9- ,, gr. i/io f Apomorphine Hydrochloride n, * I gr. i/io y * \ Strychnine Hydrochloride gr. 1/60 ,, 15. Atropine Sulphate H- ,, ,, 13- f Atropine Sulphate \Strychnine Sulphate I22 /Atropine Sulphate .. gr. 1/150 \ n (Strychnine Sulphate ... gr. 1/80 j 43- *Caffeine Sodio-salicylate gr. 1/2 gr. i/2togr. 4 ,, 23. Cocaine Hydrochloride ... gr. i/io ~\ " 22. ... gr . 1/6 [ gr . !/ IO to " 54- .. gr. 1/4 j gr. 1/2 40. * ,, ... gr. 1/2 J Cocaine Compounds (see Anaesthetic Compounds A and B, above) ,, 44. Codeine Phosphate ... gr. 1/4 gr. i/4togr. 2 ,, 77- *Cotarnine Hydrochloride gr. 1/4 gr. 1/4 to gr. i/2 " 40- Curara gr . T / I2 gr . l / I2 to gr. 1/2 ,, 3- Digitahn (Amorphous) ... gr. i/ioo gr. 1/500 to * In tubes of 12 (others contain 20) Phartnacopaial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated .. gr. i/i5o]gr. 1/200 to .. gr. i/iooj- gr. i/ioo(in- .. gr. 1/60 J creased) ISSUED BY B. W. Hypodermic Products, 'Tabloid' Brand continued' PREPARATION STRENGTH DOSE 'TABLOID' BRAND (Hypodermic) No. o/; f Digitalin (Amorphous) 1 ,-. " 86 ' \Strychnine Sulphate aa gr. i/ioo) One to two ( Digitalin (Amorphous) \ ,,125. -! Strychnine Sulphate j- One to two (Trinitin ... aa gr. i/iooj ,, 38. Ergotinine Citrate ... gr. 1/200 \ gr. 1/200 to 37- . gr- i/ioo/ gr. 1/50 * I Ergotinine Citrate ... gr. i/ioo\ n \Morphine Sulphate ... gr. 1/6 J U o * f Ergotinine Citrate ... gr. i/ioo~\ n \StrychnineSulphate... gr. 1/20 j u ,, 116. *Ergotoxine gr. i/ioo One to two */Ergotoxine gr. i/ioo\ n V Morphine Sulphate ... gr. 1/6 f J .(Ergotoxine gr. i/iool Q t Strychnine Sulphate ... gr. 1/20 / u Eserine (see Physostigmine^ ,, 79. *Eucaine Hydrochloride gr. 1/3 | gr . x / 3 togr . 2 ,, 112. *Eucaine Lactate gr. 1/3 \ T/Ttofrr 2 113- * g f - : / B ,, 102. Heroin Hydrochloride ... gr. 1/25 \ gr. 1/25 to ,, 101. ,, ... gr- 1/12 / gr. 1/12 ,, 47. Homatropine Hydrochloride ) gr. 1/250 to gr. I/250/ gr. 1/20 Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros. (see Mercuric Chloride) Hydrargyri Succinimidi (see Mercuric Succinimide) ,, 49. Hyoscine Hydrobromide gr. 1/200 "| gr. 1/200 to ,,ioo. gr. i/ioo y- gr. i/ioo (in- ,, 48. * ,, ,, gr. i/75 J creased) ,, 95. *Hyoscine Compound, A 2 . jn i f f< : One 5 Hyoscinae Hydrobromidi ... gr. i/ioo Morphinae Sulphatis ... gr. 1/6 Atropinae Sulphatis ... . gr. 1/180 ,, 96. * Hyoscine Compound, B ... One IJ Hyoscinae Hydrobromidi ... gr. i/ioo Morphinae Sulphatis gr. 1/4 Atropinas Sulphatis gr. 1/150 * In tubes of 12 (others contain 20} Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated REMEMBER THE 172 Hypodermic Products, 'Tabloid' Brand continued PREPARATION STRENGTH DOSE 'TABLOID' BRAND (Hypodermic) No. . 31- *Hyoscyamine Sulphate gr- 1/80 ) gr< l l 200 to // \ gr. I/no (in- 4 1 - " " gr- 1/20 ) creased) 29. 28. Mercuric Chloride gr' 1/60 \gr. 1/60 to 1/30 / gr. 1/30 ,, 124. Mercuric Succinimide ... gr. i/io \gr. i/io to 98. i> g 1 '- I /5 ) gr. i/5 66. Morphine Hydrochloride 1/6 } /g . 55- gr- 1/4 1 r . 90. ,, ,, gr- ij-^ i gr. /4 U n " ,, 91- * M gr- j/2 1 creaseu/ 74- * / Morphine Hydrochlor. \Atropine Sulphate 1/70 } ne ,, 27. ,, 26. Morphine Meconate gr- I'/l \&- ^ . lo 25. ,, 24. " -n : f'lql gr- gr- Ig j Saseft ^ ,, 6. Morphine Sulphate gi'- I/I2 5- ,, bnojifl 1/8 4- ,, ,, gr- 1/6 gr. 1/8 to 3- >j - gr. 1/4 (in- ,, 2. ,, ,, gr- 1/3 creased) ,, I. * gr- 1/2 76. ,, gr- I ,, 12. / Morphine Sulphate . . . 1 Atropine Sulphate . . . {Morphine Sulphate ... Atropine Sulphate ... gr- gr- gr- gr- I/I2 1 1/250 1/8 1/200 J One of required strength 10 /Morphine Sulphate ... (Atropine Sulphate ... gr- gr- 1/6 ] 1/180 -oi)OOI\I /Morphine Sulphate ... gr. 1/4 M 9- (Atropine Sulphate ... gr- ,, 8. 85. f Morphine Sulphate ... \Atropine Sulphate ... /Morphine Sulphate ... (Atropine Sulphate ... gr- gr- gr- gr- I/I20 1/60 One of > required strength 7- f Morphine Sulphate ... \AtropineSulphate ... gr- gr- 1/2 I/IOO */w tubes of 12 (others contain 20) Pharmacopaial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated ISSUED BY Hypodermic Products. 'Tabloid' toran&-continue<{ PREPARATION" STRENGTH DOSE ' TABLOID' BRAND (Hypodermic) No. o ( Morphine Sulphate ... gr. 1/4 \ n \Strychnine Sulphate ... gr. 1/60 J U ,, 88. Morphine Tartrate ... gr. 1/4 gr. i/8togr. 1/4 (increased) Nitroglycerin (see Trinitrin >-r.; 39- Physostigmine Salicylate gt. I/IOO gr. I/IOO to gr- 1/25 84. Picrotoxin gr- 1/60 gr- I/IOO to gr- 1/25 ;; it Pilocarpine Nitrate g. i/io 1 1/6 .gr- I/2O to M 33- * ?> k r r- gr- 1/2 32. * 1/2 J 82. *Potassium Permanganate gr- 2 gr- I togr. 5 83. *Quinine Bihydrochloride gr- I ] . 73- ,, ,, gr. 3 gr- I to gr. 5 97- * ,, ,, g r - 5 J 103- *Quinine Bisulphate gr- 5 gr- I togr. 5 ,, 42- *Quinine Hydrobromide . . . gr- 1/2 gr- 1/2 togr. 2 56- *Sparteine Sulphate gf' 1/2 gr- 1/2 to gr. I 52- Strophanthin gf. 1 1/500 gr- 1/500 to gr I/IOO ,, 109. Strychnine Hydrochloride gr- I/200 1 1/150 to ,, I 10. . ~ f _^. gr- I/IOO ,, in. ,, ,, 1/30 J gr I/IO 62. Strychnine Nitrate gr- 1/15 - l^ 1/150 to ,, 61. gr- I/IO gr I/IO 18. Strychnine Sulphate gr. 1/150 ,, 17. gr. I/IOO 16. ,, 104. gr- gr- 1/60 T /50 ,gr- 1/150 gr. i/io to ,. 99- ',', gr- 1/40 75- 123- gr- to 1/20 126. /Strychnine Sulphate ... \Trinitrin E 1/50 I/IOO |-One to two * In tubes of 12 (others contain 2oJ Pharmacopaial preparations are U.S. P. iinless otherwise stated 174 TRADE MARKS FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS Hypodermic Products, 'Tabloid* Brand continued PREPARATION STRENGTH DOSE 'TABLOID' BRAND (Hypodermic) No. ,, 65. Trinitin (Nitroglycerin) gr. 1/250) gr. 1/250 to ., 115. ,, ,, ... gr. i/iooj gr. 1/50 ., 361. *Tyramine (Trade Mark) O-O2 gm. (Para-hydroxyphenyl- [gr. 1/3] One ethylamine) * In tubes of 12 (others contain 20) Also various other Hypodermic products issued under the ' Tabloid' Brand Hypodermic Veterinary Products, 'Tabloid' Brand ( Full particulars sent on request) Inhaler Ammonium Chloride Inhaler, ' Vaporole ' Brand A remarkably compact apparatus which will deliver perfectly neutral vapour of pure Ammonium Chloride. ' Vaporole ' Acid ) For use in above Inhaler. ' Vaporole' Alkali / In boxes of 12. ES 'KEPLER' MALT EXTRACT AND COMBINATIONS SPECIAL CAUTIO N.-Many attempts are made to imitate ' Kepler ' Malt Products, hence, as malt preparations vary greatly in dietetic value, it is necessary to take precautions against sub- stitution. Verbal instructions are not safe. To prevent fraud it is best to write prescriptions for original bottles. DOSE Of all ' Kepler ' preparations, one teaspoonful to two dessertspoonfuls. PREPARATION AND STRENGTH ' KEPLER ' MALT EXTRACT A most reliable and highly-concentrated extract, prepared from the finest winter-malted barley. Its dietetic value depends not only on its high diastatic powers, but also on the albuminoids, phosphates, etc., which it contains. Pharmacopceial preparations are U. S. P. unless otherwise stated ISSUED BY B. W. AND CO. TflAOE MARKS 175 ' Kepler ' Malt Extract and Combinations continued ' KEPLER ' MALT EXTRACT continued Ditto with BEEF AND IRON Each fluid drachm contains: Extract of Beef, gr. i ; and Iron and Ammonium Citrate, gr. Ditto with CASCARA SAGRADA Each fluid ounce contains : Extract of Cascara Sagrada, gr. 6 Ditto with HEMOGLOBIN Each fluid ounce contains Haemoglobin, gr. 8-3/4 Ditto with IRON Each fluid ounce contains Soluble Iron Pyrophosphate, gr. 4 Ditto with IRON AND QUININE CITRATE Each fluid ounce contains Iron and Quinine Citrate, gr. 7-1/2 Ditto with IRON IODIDE Each fluid ounce contains Iron Iodide, gr. 2 Ditto with IRON, QUININE AND STRYCHNINE Each fluid ounce contains : Iron Phosphate, gr. 1/2 ; Quinine Phosphate, gr. 3/8 ; and Strychnine Phosphate, gr. 1/64 Ditto with PEPSIN Each fluid ounce contains pure Pepsin, gr. 4 Ditto with PHOSPHORUS Each fluid ounce contains pure Phosphorus, gr. 1/64 'KEPLER' SOLUTION (OF COD LIVER OIL IN MALT EXTRACT) Cod Liver Oil is the premier fatty food. It is unequalled for its power of supplying fat to the body, and for the readiness with which it is absorbed. Moreover, it enables the tissues to live and develop, to repair waste, and to effectively resist disease. The great usefulness of cod liver oil has been largely discounted by the unpleasant nausea, eructation and alimentary disturbance, which often attend the administration of even the purest varieties. ' Kepler ' Solution of Cod Liver Oil in Malt Extract is unique in palatability and in the ease and com- pleteness with which it is assimilated. It presents the purest cod liver oil incorporated in the best malt extract. The oil is thoroughly diffused in the ' Kepler ' Malt Extract, a molecular incorporation which renders its digestion easy and its assimilation certain. So palatable is ' Kepler ' Solution that Pharmacopcfial preparations are U. S. P. unless othenvise stated 176 TRADE MARKS FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS 'Kepler' Malt Extract and Combinations-continue,/ ' KEPLER ' SOLUTION (OF COD LIVER OIL IN MALT EXTRACT) continued children and fastidious patients take it readily, whilst it is absorbed without difficulty by the most debilitated subjects. The high food value of this product is shown by rapid increase in the strength and weight of patients undergoing treatment with it. Initial doses should be small and increases, gradual. Ditto with IRON IODIDE Each fluid ounce contains Iron Iodide, gr. 2 Ditto with PHOSPHORUS Each fluid ounce contains pure Phosphorus gr. 1/64 Also various other products issued under the ' Kepler ' Brand Lint, Pleated Compressed, 'Tabloid' Brand (see page 163; Malt Extract (see ' KEPLER,' page 174} Medicine Chests and Cases, ' Tabloid ' Brand (see pages 134-144,) Menthol Snuff, Compound (B. W. & Co.) An extremely effective and convenient combination of menthol, ammonium chloride, ' Epinine,' etc., issued in enamelled tins, after the manner of old-fashioned black-and-gold snuff boxes. Mercury Succinimide Outfit, The B. W. & Co. (see Hypodermic Apparatus, page 169) Methyl Alcohol (Pure) For use in microscopic staining. In hermetically-sealed glass phials, each containing 15 c.c. (approx. $ ft oz.) Microscopic Stains, 'Soloid' Brand (see page 195,) Mucin (in scales) A compound substance consisting of protein and a carbo- hydrate given internally in those conditions in which bismuth is usually prescribed. Bottles containing I oz. Nasal Medicaments, ' Soloid ' Brand (see page 192) Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Needles, for Hypodermic and Serum Syringes. (Full list on application) Needles, Urethral, silver-plated, 8-inch, with bulb the size of the point of a No. 12 French bougie. Nessler's Solution, glass capsules (see 'Soloid' Brand Products, page 188} ' NJZin ' (Trade Mark) A zinc salt of sulphanilic acid. An antiseptic which is readily soluble in water, and which, in the strengths recommended for use, is non -irritating and non- toxic. Bottles containing i oz., 4 oz., and 16 oz. 'Opa' LIQUID DENTIFRICE (Trade Mark) Aromatic, Antiseptic, Refreshing. Bottles containing 2 Imperial fl. oz. and 4 Imperial fl. oz. (with sprinklers). Ophthalmic and Hypodermic Pocket=Cases, 'Tabloid' Brand (seepage 133,) Ophthalmic Pocket=Cases, 'Tabloid' Brand (see pages 133 and 134 ) OPHTHALMIC PRODUCTS JZ E 'TABLOID' BRAND The word 'TABLOID' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering. ' TABLOID ' Ophthalmic products are minute in size, as thin as notepaper, and contain exact doses of pure drugs, prepared with a perfectly innocuous and rapidly soluble basis. PREPARATION STRENGTH 'TABLOID' BRAND (Ophthalmic) \ v r . , ,, T Alum ... gr. 1/250 gr. 1/24 / Atropine Hydrobromide 9 \Cocaine Hydrochloride ... aa gr. 1/200 ,, x Atropine Sulphate ... gr. 1/600 ,, A ,, ,, ... gr. 1/200 ,, AA Cocaine Hydrochloride ... ... gr. 1/50 c * ,, >. ... gr. 1/20 * In tubes of 12 (others contain 25) Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Ophthalmic Products, 'Tabloid' Brand contin, PREPARATION 'TABLOID' BRAND ued STRENGTH (Ophthalmic) BB Dionin ... ... 0-0005 S m - [gr. I/I30] ,, FF * ,, 0-005 gm. [gr- I/I3] ;) Y *Euphthalmine Hydrochloride gr- 1/40 ,, Z *Fluorescei'n gr- 1/250 ,, H Homatropine Hydrochloride gr- 1/400 ,, E * gr- 1/40 g ( Homatropine Hydrochloride gr- 1/240 " O ^Cocaine Hyrochloride g r - 1/24 . f Homatropine Hydrochloride " \Cocaine Hydrochloride ... aa ^ gr- i/5 ,, u Hyoscine Hydrobromide ... ''...* gr- 1/600 ,, GG Physostigmine Salicylate ... /H -fc-fi gr- I/20OO ,, F ,, ,, gr- 1/600 G * {Physostigmine Salicylate j ->f y Tropacocaine Hydrochloride gr- gr- 1/500 I/IOO ,, K Pilocarpine Nitrate gr- 1/400 /Pilocarpine Nitrate gr- 1/500 " \Cocaine Hydrochloride ... ( ... gr- 1/200 Scopolamine (see Hyoscine) L *Tropacocaine Hydrochloride gr- 1/30 R Zinc Sulphate gr- 1/250 r Zinc Sulphate gr. 1/250 " DD \Cocaine Hydrochloride ... " .'. ( J' gr- 1/20 * In tubes of 1 2 (others contain 25) Also various other Ophthalmic products issued under the ' Tabloid' Brand OPHTHALMIC PRODUCTS ?& E 'SOLOID' BRAND The word ' S o L O I D ' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering. 'SOLOID' BRAND (Ophthalmic) J Corrosive Sublimate ( ' Hydrarg. Chlor. Corrosiv.) gr. i/iooo, tubes of 25 For other ' Soloid ' Brand products suitable for Ophthalmic use, see pages 188-194 Pharmacopaial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Ophthalmic Veterinary Products, ' 5oloid ' Brand ( Full particulars sent on request) ' Paroleine ' A perfectly stable, odourless, colourless and (Trade Mark) tasteless oil. It is a good solvent of many of the remedies employed in treating diseases of the nose and throat. Bottles containing 4 fl. oz. and I Ib. (18 fl. oz.). PASTILLES, HI 'TABLOID' BRAND The word 'TABLOID' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. ' Tabloid ' Pastilles ensure the gradual and prolonged applica- tion to the throat and mouth, of medicaments, which are presented in a most pleasant condition ; they are also employed in certain cases to obtain the general effect of the drug. By their use, astringents, antiseptics, anaesthetics, expectorants and laxatives can be conveniently exhibited. The basis of the pastille is demulcent, increasing the efficacy of the active ingredients. 'TABLOID ' BRAND No. ,, I. Ammonium Chloride and Licorice Each contains Ammonium Chloride, gr. i 3. Cocaine Hydrochloride, gr. i/io 4. Codeine, gr. 1/8 ,, 2. Codeine and Benzoic Acid Compound ~fy Acidi Benzoici gr. 1/2 Codeinse gr. i/io Mentholis gr. i/io Pulv. Ipecacuanhae gr. i/io Cocainae Hydrochloridi gr. 1/40 Gummi Rubri gr. 1/2 Ol. Menthae Piperitaj ... q.s. ,, 22. Codeine and Benzoic Acid Compound, without Cocaine Similar to No. 2, but contains no Cocaine Hydrochloride ,, 5. Glycerin ,, 6. Glycerin and Black Currant 7. Glycerin, Tannin and Black Currant Each contains Tannin, gr. 1/2 Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS Pastilles, 'Tabloid' ^r&nA-catinued 'TABLOID' BRAND No. 8. Glycerin, Tannin, Capsicum and Black Currant Each contains Tannin, gr. 1/2, and the solid equivalent of Tincture of Capsicum, min. 3/8, equal to Capsicum, gr. 3/80. ,, 1 8. Laxative Fruit Each contains Extract of Senna Fruit , gr. 5, pleasantly flavoured. The ' Tabloid ' Pastille is c and facilitates the administration, fastidious patients, of an efficient laxa :xtremely palat tive-. Children able, pi 10. Lemon Juice II. Linseed, Licorice and Chlorodyne Each contains Morphine Hydrochlorid e, gr. I/I 20 " 1 6. Menthol, gr. 1/8 17- Menthol and Eucalyptus fy Mentholis gr. 1/20 Olei Eucalypti mil 1. 1/2 )' 12. Morphine and Ipecac Ifc Morphinaj Hydrochloridi ... gr. Pulv. Ipecacuanhas gr. I/I2 }J 2O. Pectoral Containing Licorice, Squill, Tolu, Senega, Ipecac, Wild ,, 19. Pine Tar Compound Containing Pine Tar, Terebene, Benzoin, Tolu, Ipecac, etc. ,, 13. ' Pinol,' min. I ,, 14. Red Gum and Cocaine IJ: Gummi Rubri gr. i Cocainas Hydrochloridi ... gr. 1/20 ,, 15. Rhatany (Krameria), Menthol and Cocaine fji Ext. Krameria: gr. 2 Mentholis gr. 1/20 Cocainae Hydrochloridi ... gr. 1/20 Also various other Pastilles issued under the ' Tabloid^ Brand ' Phenofax ' BRAND CARBOLIC ACID OINTMENT (Trade Mark) < PHENOFAX ' is an antiseptic sedative dressing which presents 4 per cent, of pure phenol in a bland basis, and is notable for its sedative effect on the skin and mucous surfaces. It disinfects, allays pain, and encourages granulation. Issued in glass pots. Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated ISSUED BY B. W. AND CO. TRADE MARKS 181 PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS T ,K DE 'TABLOID' BRAND The word 'TABLOID' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. ' TABLOID ' Photographic Chemicals represent the acme of convenience and reliability, while their superior quality and accuracy in weight and composition ensure the best results. They entirely obviate the trouble of reHabie" 1 weighing small quantities of chemicals and the disappointments occasioned by the deterioration of stock solutions. They enable the tourist to carry all the requisite materials for developing, fixing, etc., with convenience, comfort and safety. At home they save time and trouble. Developers The developers are packed in cartons, each containing the ' Tabloid ' Reducing Agent, and the ' Tabloid ' Accelerator specially prepared for use with that reducing agent. 'TABLOID' BRAND 'TABLOID' BRAND (Photographic) (Photographic) ,, Amidol ,, Metol ,, Edinol ,, Metol-Quinol ,, Eikonogen ,, Ortol ,, Glycin ,, Paramidophenol ., Hydroquinone (t^uinol) ,, Pyro ,, Pyro-Metol (Imperial Standard Formula) ,, * Pyro- Soda ( Ilford Formula) ,, 'Rytol' (Trade Mark) Universal Developer * In ordering this special developer it is always necessary to quote "Ilford Formula." Intensifiers 'TABLOID' BRAND (Photographic) ,, Chromium Intensifier ,, Mercuric Iodide and Sodium Sulphite Toners 'TABLOID' BRAND (Photographic) ,, Gold Chloride, gr. \, with Borax, gr. 15 (B i) ,, ,, ,, ,, Sodium Bicarbonate, gr. 15 (B 2) ,, ,, Sodium Phosphate, gr. 15 (B 3) riiarmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated 182 TRADE MARKS FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS Photographic Chemicals, 'Tabloid' Brand continued Toners continued 'TABLOID' BRAND (Photographic) ,, Gold Chloride, gr. |, with Sodium Tungstate, gr. 15 (B 4) ,, ,, ,, ,, Sodium Formate Compound(B 5) ,, ,, ,, ,, Sulphocyanide Compound (B 6) ,, ,, ,, ,, Thiosulphate Compound (Combined Bath for toning and fixing P. O.P.) (B 10) The above are supplied in cartons containing sufficient for the preparation of six toning baths of 5 to 10 ounces or more. For convenience they may be ordered by their numbers, thus : 'Tabloid' Gold Toning, B i, B 2, etc. ,, Bleaching Compound ,, Copper Ferrocyanide Toning Compound (for toning Bromide Prints and Lantern Slides) , , Platinum Toning Compound (for toning Matt P. O.P.) ,, Sepia Toner (for Bromide Prints atid Lantern Slides) ,, Sulphiding Compound Accessories 'TABLOID' BRAND (Photographic) STRENGTH ,, Alkali ' Tabloid ' Sodium Carbonate gr. 44 Density Reducers ' Tabloid ' Ammonium Persulphate ... gr. u ' Tabloid ' Potassium Ferricyanide ... gr. 2 , , Fixer ' Tabloid' Sodium Thiosulphate (Hypo), \ Equals gr. 44 Dried, gr. 28-5 / of crystals ,, Hardener ' Tabloid ' Alum gr. 10 ,, Hardener and Clearer 'Tabloid' Alum and Citric Acid Com- pound Chrome Alum, gr. 5 ; Citric Acid, gr. 5 , , Preservatives ' Tabloid ' Potassium Metabisulphite ... gr. 10 'Tabloid' Sodium Sulphite, Dried, gr. 5 Equals gr. 10 of crystals Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Photographic Chemicals, 'Tabloid' Brand continued 'TABLOID' BRAND (Photographic) STRENGTH , , Restrainers ' Tabloid ' Ammonium Bromide ... gr. I ' Tabloid ' Potassium Bromide ... ... gr. I ' Tabloid ' Sodium Citrate ... ... gr. i ,, Sensitiser (for carbon tissue, etc.) 'Tabloid' Potassium Ammonium Chromate gr- 24 For Ozobrome Process 'TABLOID' BRAND- (Photographic) ,, Ozobrome Pigmenting Compound For Direct Colour Photography (with Autochrome, Thames, Omnicolore, and other Plates) 'TABLOID' BRAND (Photographic) ,, Reversing Compound ,, Colour Plate Intensifier (In development, 'Tabloid' ' RytoP Universal Developer is used, see page 181) Also other Photographic products isstied under the ' Tabloid' Brand For Photographic Staining ' SOLOID' BRAND (Photographic) ,, Photographic Stains (Red, Yellow, Green, Blue or Salmon), tubes of 6 PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE RECORD AND DIARY, THE 'WELLCOME' The most useful pocket-book for the photographer. Contains ruled pages for recording exposures, a diary for the year, also numerous technical articles and tables, and an exposure Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated 184 1RAOE MARKS FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS Photographic Exposure Record and Diary, The ' Wellcome ' continued calculator which tells the correct exposure under any circum- stance by ONE turn of ONE scale, etc., etc. U.S.A. EDITION. Bound in red canvas. Also issited: NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND TROPICAL EDITION, for Canada, Europe, and all countries north of the Tropic of Capricorn except United States of America. Bound in light green canvas. SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE AND TROPICAL EDITION, for all countries south of the Tropic of Cancer (about 20 N. ). Bound in dark green canvas. Each Edition complete with wallet for proofs, etc., and pencil. PHOTOGRAPHIC OUTFITS, Nos. 905 & 906 TCE 'TABLOID' BRAND Complete and compact chemical outfits for developing and fixing plates, films, bromide or gaslight papers, and for toning and fixing P. O. P. STANDARD CONTENTS : No. 905 ' Tabloid ' ' Rytol ' Universal Developer, to make 80 ounces of solution ; ' Tabloid ' Sodium Thiosulphate (Hypo) ; ' Tabloid ' Chromium Intensifier, to make 50 ounces of solution ; ' Tabloid Gold Chloride with Thiosulphate Compound (Combined Bath), to make 30 ounces of solution ; ' Tabloid ' Sepia Toner. Measurements : 4 x 4 x 2^ in. In rex red, royal blue imperial green or bright scarlet enamelled metal, or in black japanned metal. No. 906 ' Tabloid ' Alum and Cit. Acid Co. ; ' Tabloid ' ' Rytol ' Developer ; ' Tabloid ' Metol-Quinol Developer ; ' Tabloid ' Sodium Thiosulphate (Hypo), dried, gr. 28-5; ' Tabloid ' Sepia Toner ; ' Tabloid ' Chromium Intensi- fier ; ' Tabloid ' Copper Ferrocyanide Toning Com- pound ; 'Tabloid' Potassium Bromide, gr. i. Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Photographic Outfits continued Measurements : 8f x 4^ x 2 in. In black japanned or aluminium bronzed metal outside, enamelled white inside. (The contents of either case may be varied as desired) ( When ordering, please specify colour required) ' Pinol ' (Distilled Essence of Pinus pumilio) (Trade Mark) A valuable stimulant, disinfectant and antiseptic in respiratory affections. The ' Tabloid ' Pastille (.see page 1 80) affords a pleasant means of securing prolonged continuous local action. In \ Imperial fl. oz. and I Imperial fl. oz. bottles. Saccharin, ' Tabloid ' Brand (see page 224,) (See also 'Tabloid' ' Saxin,'/^ 225} Saline Solutions for Intravenous Injection (see page 193} SANITARY TOWELS, PLEATED COMPRESSED, T S E 'TABLOID' BRAND Pleated Compressed Sanitary Towels were originated and introduced by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. ' TABLOID ' Pleated Compressed Sanitary Towels possess several points of superiority over ordinary sanitary towels. They are made of materials of exceptional quality specially adapted for the purpose. Their highly absorbent pro- perties are particularly note- worthy. The delicate texture Tabloid' Pleated Compressed' of the Surface of these towels sanitary Towel (NO. 4) ensures perfect freedom from the Halfsize slightest sense of discomfort in use. Owing to the extremely small space which they occupy, they are particularly convenient when travelling. Extreme compactness is secured by compression, and perfect cleanliness ensured by the method of packing. Five sizes are issued, each size in packages of 12 ' Saxin ' (see ' Tabloid ' ' Saxin,' page 225) ( Trade Mark) 'TABLOID'" PLEATED COMPRESSED S/T. Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated SERA, X 'WELLCOME' BRAND The word 'WELLCOME' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. To ensure the supply of pure and reliable preparations, this brand should always be specified when ordering. The high reputation which these sera have with the medical profession is constantly confirmed by the favourable reports received, and the accumu- lating evidence proves this high reputation to be deserved. 'Wellcome' Brand Sera are prepared under U.S.A. Government Licence, No. 18, in the Wellcome Physiological Research Laboratories, Brockwell Hall, London, England, under conditions which fulfil every requirement of modern science and under the immediate super- vision of specialists of long and varied experience. The sera are not sent out until they have successfully passed rigorous sterility and toxicity tests ; they are then issued in hermetically- sealed phials of convenient sizes. Burroughs Wellcome & Co. act as distributing agents, and will endeavour to despatch orders for these sera immediately on receipt of letter or telegram. Sera should be carefully kept in their original packings, in a cool, dark place, avoiding, as much as possible, variations of temperature. 'WELLCOME' BRAND Diphtheria Antitoxic Serum Phials containing 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 (Ehrlich- Behring) units. The same doses are also supplied in syringe-containers. Diphtheria Antitoxin, Concentrated 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 Ehrlich-Behring units in Syringe-containers. The following Sera are issued in hermetically-sealed phials. *Anti-colon Bacillus Serum : from horses immunised against 20 typical members of the Coli group, mostly from cases of peritonitis and puerperal fever : In phials containing 25 c.c. * Phials containing 50 c.c. of Anti-streptococcus Serum, Polyvalent, and 10 c.c. and 50 c.c. of the others are supplied to special order only. Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless othenvise stated 187 Sera, 'Wellcome' Brand continued 'WELLCOME' BRAND *Anti-dysentery Serum : from horses immunised against cultures of Bacillus dysenterue' obtained from several cases of dysentery : In phials containg 25 c.c. ,, *Anti-gonococcus Serum : from strains of gonococci obtained from cases of urethritis and gonorrhceal conjunctivitis : In phials containing 25 c.c. *Anti-staphylococcus Serum, Polyvalent: from horses immunised against various cultures of Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, albus, citreus and hiCtnorrhagicus : In phials containing 25 c.c. *Anti-streptococcus Serum, Erysipelas: from horses immunised against cultures from typical cases of erysipelas : In phials containing 25 c.c. *Anti-streptococcus Serum, Polyvalent: from horses immunised against cultures of streptococci coming in all from 60 sources, in the following diseases : ERYSIPELAS, SCARLET FEVER, PUERPERAL FEVER, RHEUMATIC FEVER, SEPTIC^MIA, ANGINA, PNEUMONIA, ULCERATIVE ENDOCARDITIS. In phials containing 10 c.c. and 25 c.c. *Anti-streptococcus Serum, Puerperal Fever: from horses immunised against over 20 cultures of Streptococcus from cases of puerperal fever : In phials containing 25 c.c. * Anti-streptococcus Serum, Pyogenes: from horses immunised against 9 different strains of Streptococcus pyogenes : In phials containing 25 c.c. *Anti-streptococcus Serum, Rheumatic Fever: from horses immunised against cultures from severe cases of acute rheumatism and of rheumatoid arthritis : In phials containing 25 c.c. * Phials containing 50 c.c. of Anti-streptococcus Serum, Polyvalent, and 10 c.c. and 50 c.c. of the others are supplied to special order only PharmacopKial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated 188 TRADE MARKS FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS Sera, 'Wellcome' Brand continued 'WELLCOME' BRAND *Anti-streptococcus Serum, Scarlatina: from horses immunised against cultures from 9 severe (some fatal) cases of scarlet fever : In phials containing 25 c.c. *Anti-typhoid Serum : from horses immunised against cultures of Bacillus typhosus from several cases of typhoid fever : In phials containing 25 c.c. Also various other Sera issued imder the ' Wellcome ' Brand * Phials containing 50 c.c. of Anti-streptococcus Serum, Polyvalent, and 10 c.c.and 50 c.c. of the others are supplied to special order only. Serum Syringes (B. W. & Co.) (seepage 169; ' Soamin ' (Sodium Para-aminophenylarsonate) (Trade Mark) 1'OSE An organic preparation of low toxicity as See special compared with arsenous acid or the leaflet inorganic salts of arsenic. It contains 22-8 per cent, of arsenium (As), and is soluble in three parts of water at body temperature and in five parts at 60 F. Used in syphilis, malaria, kala-azar, trypanosomiasis and other protozoal diseases. In bottles of 5 gm. and 30 gm. For full particulars, see ' Soamin ' booklet Soap, ' Hazeline ' (see page 167) * 'SOLOID' BRAND PRODUCTS The word 'SOLOID' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. To ensure the supply of pure and reliable preparations, this brand should always be specified when ordering. 'Soloid' Brand Products are also issued in bottles of 500. with the exception of those put up in tubes only. The series of ' Soloid ' Brand Products provides reliable antiseptics, astringents and anesthetics ; also convenient means Pharmacopaial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated ' Soloid ' Brand Products continued of preparing stains for microscopic work, and test solutions for / w water, sewage or urine analysis. The portability, r I accuracy in strength, uniform activity and ready solubility which characterise them, present great advantages over stock solutions. Issued in SOLOID' BRAND STRENGTH bots. of bots. of ,. Alkaline Compound (see page 192) ., Alum gr. 10 100 ., Alum and Zinc Sulphate 25 $ Aluminis gr. 15 Zinci Sulphatis ... gr. 15 ,, Alum and Zinc Compound, Strong 25 5 Aluminis gr. 30 Zinci Sulphatis ... gr. 15 ,, Antiseptic and Alkaline Com- pound (see page 192) ., Argyrol, tubes of 12 gr. i 6 gr. 5-45 ,, Atropine Sulphate, tubes of 6 gr. 0-545 ., Atropine and Cocaine, tubes of 6 ]J Atropinae Sulphatis gr. 0-272 Cocaina: Hydrochloridi gr. 1-09 ,, Black Lotion (Black Wash) (see Mercurial Compound, page 191) ,, Boric Acid ( scented with Otto of Rose) gr- 6 25 ~ ,, Boric Acid (unscented) ... gr. 15 50 250 ,, Boric Acid and Zinc Sulphate ( scented with Otto of Rose) 25 fy Acidi Borici gr. 6 Zinci Sulphatis ... gr. 1/2 ., Carbolic Acid (Phenol), tubes of 25 gr. 5 ,, 12 gr. 20 : 6 gr. 60 I ' Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the xO L^f J / 1 Brand in XZ/ ' ^J f^tTt^ full, thus: ,, 0-25 gm. ., ,, 0-5 gm. ,, Mercuric Potassium Iodide (formerly known as lodic- HydrargJ gr. 1-825 100 One in 4 fluidounces or one in one pint (16 fluidounces) of water yields respectively a solution of i in looo and i in 4000 (frequent- ly known as Mercury Biniodide Solution). ,, Mercuric Potassium Iodide (formerly known as lodic HydrargJ gr. 7-3 25 100 One in one pint (16 fluidounces) of water = i in 1000 solution (frequently known as Mercury Biniodide Solution). ,, Mucin and Menthol Com- I pound 25 100 B Mucini gr. 4-1/2 Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. 4-1/2 Mentholis gr. 1/20 Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated REMEMBER THE 'Soloid' Brand Products ' SOLOID ' BRAND : (Nasal) ,, ,, Alkaline Compound ... B; Sodii Boratis ... gr. 5 Sodii Chloridi ... gr. 5 ,, ,, Antiseptic and Alkaline Compound R; Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. 5 Phenolis gr. 1/2 Sodii Boratis ... gr. 5 ,, ,, 'Eucalyptia' Compound E; Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. 8 Sodii Boratis ... gr. 8 Sodii Benzoatis ... gr. 1/3 Sodii Salicylatis gr. 1/3 Eucalyptolis ... min. 1/6 Thymolis gr. 1/6 Mentholis ... gr. 1/12 Ol. Gaultheria: ... min. 1/12 ,, ,, Phenol Compound R; Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. 12 Phenolis gr. 1-1/2 Sodii Chloridi ... gr. 2 ,, ,, Sodium Bicarbonate Compound R; Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. 5 Sodii Boratis ... gr. 5 Sodii Chloridi ... gr. 5 ,, ,, Sodium Bicarbonate Compound, Saccharated B; Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. 5 Sodii Boratis ... gr. 5 Sodii Chloridi ... gr. 5 Sacchari Albi ... gr. 5 ,, Naso-Pharnygeal Compound E; Sodii Chloridi ... gr. 7 Sodii Boratis ... gr. 2-1/2 Sodii Benzoatis ... gr. 1/2 Acidi Borici ... gr. 3/4 Mentholis ... gr. 1/50 Thymolis ... gr. i/ioo Cocainse Hydro- chloridi gr. 1/6 Ol. Gaultheria min. 1/20 , , ' Nizin ' C Trade Mark) FORMULARY OF FINK PRODUCTS Issued in |bots. of Ibots. of A zinc salt of s Paraform .Iphani -5 gr. 2 PT. 20 Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the Brand in full, thus : REMEMBER THE ' Soloid ' Brand Products continued Issued in ,bots. of . hots, of 'SOLOID' BRAND STRENGTH ,, Phenol (see Carbolic Acid, page 189,) ,, Potassium Permanganate ... gr. i 100 ,, ,, ,, ... gr. 5 ; 25 100 ,, Potassium Permanganate and Alum ... 100 Tji Pot. Permanganatis gr. 3 Aluminis gr. 5 ,, Saline Compound, tubes of 12 $ Calcii Chloridi . '5 gm. [gr. 3/4] Potassii Chloridi 0-05 gm. [gr. 3/4] Sodii Chloridi 2-25 gm. Igr. 35! Sodii Bicarbonatis 0-025 gm. [gr. 3/8] Dextrosi 0-25 gm. [gr. 3 3/4] One dissolved in 2500.0. of boiled (sterile) water for intravenous injection at 40 C. ,, Silver Nitrate gr. i 25 gr- 5 25 ,, Sodium Bicarbonate gr- 44 , 25 One in 5 fluid ounces of water = 2 per cent, solution (approx.) ,, Sod. Bicarb. Co. (seepage 192^ , , Sod. Bicarb. Co. , Saccharated (see page K)2.) ,, Sodium Chloride, tubes of 12 gr. 32 Two dissolved in 16 fluid ounces of boiled (sterile) water, for intravenous injection at 100 F. (37-8 C.), give a solution con- taining 0-9 per cent of sodium chloride. ,, Sodium Chloride, tubes of 6 gr. 64 One in 16 fluid ounces of boiled (sterile) water, for intravenous injection at 100 F. (37-8 C.) ,, Sodium Citrate and Sodium Chloride ' 25 100 $ Sodii Citratis gr. 3 Sodii Chloridi gr. 16 Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the ^2? Brand in f-/L/ full thus: '^/ FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS ' Soloid ' Brand Products ontinued Issued in hots, of hots, of 'SOLOID' BRAND STRENGTH ,, Zinc Chloride gr- 5 25 ,, Zinc Permanganate ... gr- 1/8 IOO ,, Zinc Sulphate gr- i IOO ,, ,, ,, gr- 10 IOO ,, ZincSulphocarbolate(Phenol- sulphonate) gr- 2 IOO ,, gr- IO IOO Also a wide range of other products issued under the ' Soloid ' Brand. SOLOID' BRAND PRODUCTS FOR TESTING PURPOSES, etc. For Urine Analysis 'SOLOID' BRAND STRENGTH , , Citric Acid gr. i ,, Fehling's Test, for preparing Fehling 1 s Solution, cartons of 24 ,, Indigo Test for Sugar (Sodium Nitrophenylpropiolate) gr. 1/4 ,, Picric Acid ... ... ... ... gr. i ,, Potassium Ferrocyanide ... ... gr. i , , Salicyl-sulphonic Acid gr. 2 Issued in tubes of 2O For Water Analysis 'SOLOID' BRAND STRENGTH ,, Ammonium Chloride 0-00016 gm. ,, Lead Acetate 0-0184 gm. ,, Meta-phenylenediamine Sulphate o-oi gm. ,, Oxalic Acid o-i gm. Potassium Chromate ...: > ,;. 0-0065 gm. ,, Potassium Ferrocyanide ... '..."'... 0-013 gm. ,, Potassium Nitrate ... .V. 0-00144 gm. Potassium Permanganate ... 0-00395 gm. ,, Silver Nitrate .'.!. ... ... 0-0097 gm. Pharmocopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless other-wise stated Write the Brand in full, thus : /\\f ' \J 0~d t^C& / ISSUED .BY B. W. AND CO. 'Soloid' Brand Products for Testing Purposes, etc. continued For Water Analysis continued ' SOLOID' BRAND STRENGTH ., Soap ,, Sodium Acid Sulphate 0-324 gm. ,, Zinc Dust ... ... ... ... ... oi3gm. ,, Zinc Sulphide ... ... ... ... 0-25 gm. In packages of 25 ,, Nessler's Solution, in hermetically-sealed glass capsules Boxes of 30 capsules, each containing ... 0-5 c.c. ,, 24 ,, ,, ... 2 c.c. For Sewage Analysis 'SOLOID' BRAND STRENGTH ,, Oxalic Acid 0-0079 gm. , , Potassium Permanganate 0-00395 S m - ,, Pyrogallic Acid 0-032 gm. ,, Sodium Hydroxide 0-13 gm. In packages of 25 Test Indicators 'SOLOID' BRAND 'SOLOID' BRAND ,, * Indigo-Carmine ,, *Phenolphthalein *Lacmoid ,, *Rosolic Acid *Methyl-Orange ,, Starch, 0-5 gm. *One dissolved in 10 c.c. of solvent forms the Test Indicator. In tubes of 10 Microscopic Stains 'SOLOID' BRAND STRENGTH ,, Bismarck Brown, pure o-i gm. ,. Borax Methylene Blue Ehrlich Triple Stain ,, Eosin, pure o-l gm. ,, Eosin- Azur (for Giemsa staining with one solution) 0-038 gm. ,, Eosin-Methylene Blue (Louis Jenner's Stain) 0-05 gm. ,, Fuchsine (Basic), pure o-i gm. ,, Gentian Violet, pure o-i gm. Pharmocopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated 196 TRADE MARKS FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS 'Soloid' Brand Products for Testing Purposes, etc. continued M icroscopic S tains continued 'SOLOID' BRAND STRENGTH ,, Gram's Iodine Solution 150.0. ,, Hsematoxylin (Delafield) ,, Hsematoxylin, pure o-i gm. ,, Methyl Violet, pure o-i gm. ,, Methylene Blue, pure ... o-i gm. ,, Romanowsky Stain (Leishman's Powder) ... 0-015 gm. ,, Romanowsky Stain (Wright's Modification) 0-05 gm. ,, Sodium Carbonate 0-05 gm. ,, Thionin Blue, pure o-i gm. Toison Blood Fluid In tubes of 6 Methyl Alcohol, pure (see page i"j6) Culture Media 'SOLOID' BRAND ,, Bile Salt Agar-Agar (MacConkey) > ,, Nutrient Agar-Agar \ In tubes of 6 ,, Nutrient Broth Also a wide range of other products issued under the ' Soloid' Brand Strophanthus Tincture (B. W. & Co.) (Physiologically Standardised in the Wellcome Physio- logical Research Laboratories. ) Prepared in accordance with the United States Pharmacopoeia (Eighth Revision), from carefully-selected Strophanthus seeds. In bottles containing i, 4, 8 and 1 6 fluid ounces. Strophanthus, ' Tabloid ' Brand (see page 227^) Suppositories (see ' Enule ' Rectal Suppositories, pages 164-166; and 'Hazeline' Suppositories, page i6S) Surgical Dressings, 'Tabloid' Brand (see pages 161-163) Syringes, Hypodermic and Serum (see pages 168-169) Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated ISSUED BY B. W. AND CO. TCI 'TABLOID' BRAND PRODUCTS The word 'TABLOID' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. To ensure the supply of pure and reliable preparations, this brand should always be specified when ordering. ' Tabloid ' Brand Products are also issued in bottles of 500, with the exception of those put up in tubes only. Under the ' Tabloid ' Brand is issued an immense variety of drugs and combinations thereof, all prepared from the purest ingredients. When using them the physician has power to administer at any moment the exact dose required, and that without any measuring or weighing. They keep unchanged in any climate. Owing to their dosage** extreme portability, supplies may be comfortably carried in the waistcoat-pocket, and doses taken regularly whilst following the usual routine of social, professional or commercial life. ' Tabloid ' Brand products of unpleasant drugs are coated with a thin film of white sugar, readily soluble in the stomach, while those intended to act after leaving the stomach are coated with keratin, soluble only in the alkaline secretions of the intestine. Issued in oval I bots. of TABLOID' BRAND A ,, Acetanilide (see Antifebrinj ,, Aconite, each containing the solid ingredients of Tincture of Aconite, min. 1/4 ... I frequently \ ,, Aconite, each containing the solid ingredients of Tincture of Aconite, min. I I frequently Aconite, each containing the solid ingredients of Tincture of Aconite, min. 5 I to 3 ., Aloes and Iron I to 2 Each product equals one of the U.S. P. pills. Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated " 100 100 Write the Brand in full, thus : FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS 'Tabloid' Brand Products continu d Issued in 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE oval bots. of hots, of , , Aloes and Myrrh I to 2 IOO Each product equals one of the U.S. P. pills. ,, Aloin, gr. i/io I frequently IOO ,, ,, gr. 1/2 i to 4 25 IOO ,, Aloin Compound i to 2 after 50 IOO IJ Aloini gr. 1/5 Strychninae Sulph. gr. 1/60 Ext. Belladonna: ... gr. 1/8 meals, or i to 3 at Pulv. Ipecacuanhas gr. 1/16 A stomachic and tonic laxative bed-time combination of especial value in chronic constipation. ,, Ammoniated Quinine Each contains Quinine and Ammonium Bicarbonate to i repeated if necessary 25 IOO correspond with one flui- drachm of the tincture. ,, Ammonium Bromide, gr. 5 ... to 6 'ioiix IOO > ., gr. 10 to 3 IOO ,, Ammonium Carbonate, gr. 3 to 3 IOO ,, Ammonium Chloride, gr. 3 ... to 6 25 IOO gr. 5- to 4 IOO ,, ,, ,, gr. 10 to 2 IOO ,, Ammonium Chloride and Borax I as required IOO ,, Ammonium Chloride and Licorice i as required 25 IOO IJ Ammonii Chloridi... gr. 3 Ext. Glycyrrhizae ... gr. 2 ,, Ammonium Chloride Co. i as required 25 IOO IJ; Ammonii Chloridi... gr. i Potassii Chloratis ... gr. 2 Pulv. Cubebse ... gr. 1/4 Ext. Glycyrrhizas ... gr. i ,, Ammonium Hippurate, gr. i i or more , IOO ,, Antifebrin (Acetanilide), gr. 2 I to 2 25 IOO gr. 5 i (in special cases) 25 IOO ,, Antifebrin Compound i IOO 3 Acetanilidi (Antifebrini) gr. 2 Camphoras Mono- bromatae ... ... gr. i Caffeinae Citratis ... gr. i Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated SUED BY B. 'Tabloid' Brand Products TABLOID' BRAND ,, Antimony Compound Pill (Plummer Pill) N.F., gr. 4 Each contains approximately : Sulphurated Antimony, gr. i ; Mild Mercurous Chloride, gr. i ; Guaiac, gr. 2. Antimony and Potassium Tartrate DOSE I to 2 oval I bots. of bots. of! (Tartar Emetic), gr. 1/50... ,, Antipyrine (Phenazone), gr. 2-1/2 ,, Antipyrine Compound B Antipyrini (Phenazoni) ... gr. 3 Caffeinae gr. i Content pure. Dosage accurate. Disintegration rapid. ,, ' Aol ' (Trade Mark), 0-3 gm., [approx. gr. 5] (Capsule), a derivative of Santalum albrim, boxes of 50 ,, Apomorphine Compound ... ]J Apomorphinae Hydrochjoridi gr. 1/50 Ammonii Chloridi gr. 3 Ext. Glycyrrhizae gr. 1-1/2 ,, Apomorphine Hydrochloride, gr. 1/5 ,, Arsenic Trioxide (Arsenous Acid), gr. i/ioo gr- 1/50 ,, ,, ., gr. 1/20 ,, Arsenical Compound B Arseni Trioxidi ... gr. i/ioo Ferri Sulph. Exsicc. gr. i Calcii Sulphidi ... gr. 1/4 Ext. Gentianae ... gr. 2 ,, Arsenous Iodide and Mer- curic Iodide... One represents min. 5 of Liq. Arseni et Hydrargyri lodidi (Donovan Solution) contain- ing Arsenous and Mercuric Iodides, of each gr. 1/21 (approx.) I to 3 I to 4 or more i to 4 i to 4 2 or more i as required i to 3 (expec- tora I to 6 I to 3 i to 4 25 5 IOO IOO IOO Pharmacopaial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS 'Tabloid' Brand Products continued Issued in 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE i bots. of ., Asafetida and Opium Com- pound I to 2 IOO ft Asafoetidae, Camphorje, Pulv. Opii, Pulv. Piperis Nigri aa gr. i ,, 'Aspirin,' gr. 5 i to 5 25 too ., Atropine Sulphate, 0-0005 S m - [g r - I / 1 3'] 1 25 B ., Belladonna Extract, each con- taining the solid ingredients of Tincture of Belladonna Leaves... ... min. I I frequently IOO ,, Belladonna Extract, each con- taining the solid ingredients of Tincture of Belladonna Leaves min. 5 i to 3 48 loo ., Benzoic Acid, gr. 5 i to 3 IOO ., Benzonaphthol, gr. 5 i to 2 IOO ., Betanaphthol, gr. 3 i to 3 IOO , , Betanaphthol Compound ft Betanaphtholis ... gr. i i to 4 SltffcWI 25 loo iA?, Carbonis Ligni ... gr. 4 Ol. Menthae Pip. ... min. 1/2 ., Bismuth and Dover Powder i to 6 IOO ft BismuthiSubnit.... gr. 2-1/2 Pulv. Ipecacuanha; et Opii ... gr. 2-1/2 Bismuth and Soda I to 4or more IOO ft BismuthiSubnit.... gr. 2-1/2 Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. 2-1/2 , , Bismuth, Rhubarb and Soda . . . I to 4 25 loo ft BismuthiSubnit.... gr. 3 Pulv. Rhei ... gr. i Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. 2 Pleasant and easy to take. By its use the unpleasantness of the ordinary nauseous mixture | is avoided. Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the , ^^-^" Brand in fl/ **/ /. full, thus: 'U. / +^tr ~< TRADE MARKS 'Mi 'Tabloid' Brand Products continued Issued in 'TABLOID' BRAND oval i bots. of DOSE ! bots. of! ,, Bismuth Subcarbonate, gr. 5 I to 4 2 5 I0 ,, Bismuth Subgallate, gr. 5 ... I to 4 25 i 100 ,, Bismuth Subnitrate, gr. 5 ... i to 4 25 i loo ,, ,, ,, gr. 10 ... I to 2 100 ,, Bismuth Subsalicylate (Physio- logically Pure), gr. 5 ... I to 4 loo ,, Blaud (Pil. Ferrugin.), gr. 5... i to 3 loo I ,, ,, ,, gr. 10... I to 2 IOO Permanently representing 20 per cent, of ferrous carbonate ,, Blaud Pill and Aloin I to 4 loo R Pil. Ferrugin. (Blaud) gr. 5 (=20% Ferri Carbonatis) 1 Aloini gr. 1/20 ,, Blaud Pill and Arsenic ... I to 4 loo R Pil. Ferrugin. (Blaud) gr. 5 (= 20 % Ferri Carbonatis) Arseni Trioxidi ... gr. 1/64 ,, Blaud Pill, Arsenic and Strychnine ... ... I to 4 loo B Pil. Ferrugin. (Blaud) gr. 5 (= 20% Ferri Carbonatis) Arseni Trioxidi ... gr. i/ioo Strychninse gr. i/ioo ,, Blaud Pill and Cascara ... I increased 100 R Pil. Ferrugin. (Blaud) gr. 5 (= 20% Ferri Carbonatis) Ext. Cascar. Sagrad. gr. 1/2 to 4 ,, Blaud Pill Compound ... I IOO E Pil. Ferrugin, (Blaud) gr. 10 (= 20 % Ferri Carbonatis) Pulv. Capsici ... gr. 1/4 Aloini gr. 1/30 Strychnina; gr. 1/30 Arseni Trioxidi ... gr. 1/30 ,, Blaud Pill, Nux Vomica and 1 Cascara i to 4 loo ^ Pil. Ferrugin. (Blaud) gr. 3 (= 20 % Ferri Carbonatis) Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. i/io Ext. Cascar. Sagrad. gr. i ,, Blue Pill, gr. 4 I tO 2 25 IOO Each contains gr. 1-1/3 f P ure Metallic Mercury Pharmacopodal preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the tf 7 //> 5 Brand in //. {JO^^ ^ full, thus: V W TRADE MAHKS FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS ' Tabloid ' Brand Products continued Issued in oval bots. of 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE bots. of ,, Blue Pill and Rhubarb Com- pound i to 2 100 Ijfc Massae Hydrargyri ... gr. 2-1/2 Pil. Rhei Comp. ... gr. 2-1/2 ,, Blue Pill, Colocynth and Hyoscyamus i to 2 25 IOO ^ Massae Hydrargyri ... gr. 2 Pil. Colocynthidis et Hyoscyami ... gr. 4 ,, Blue Pill, Squill and Digitalis I to 2 IOO 5 Massae Hydrargyri ... gr. i Pulv. Scillae ... gr. 1-1/2 Pulv. Digitalis ... gr. i ,, Bone Medulla, gr. 5, (Capsule), boxes of 50 I or more ,, Borax (Sodium Borate), gr. 5 i to 4 or more 25 IOO ., Boric Acid, gr. 5 i to 3 IOO ,, Bromides Compound (see Sodium Bromide Compound) ,, Butyl-Chloral Hydrate and Gelsemine i IOO 5 Butyl-Chloral Hydratis... gr. 3 Gelseminae Hydrochloridi ... gr. 1/200 c ,, Cachets In boxes of 6 ,, ,, Antipyrine, gr. 5 ... I to 2 naT.!!' .- ,, ,, Quinine Sulphate, gr- 5 I tO 2 ,, Caffeine, Citrated, gr. 2 I or more IOO ,, Caffeine Compound (see Anti- pyrine Compound, page 199) ,, Calcium Carbonate Compound i to 4 before 25 IOO 3 Calcii Carb. Praecip. gr. 3-1/2 Mag. Carb. Pond. gr. 2-1/2 Bismuthi Subcarb. gr. 2 meals, or i occasionally ,, Calcium lodo-ricinoleate, gr. 3, (Capsule), boxes of 50 i to 3 ,, Calcium Lactate, gr. 5 i to 3 25 IOO Pharmacopodial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the Brand in full, thus: ISSUED BY B. W. AND CO. 'Tabloid' Brand Products continue,! Issued in 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE oval bots. o bots. of ,, Calcium Sulphide, gr. i/io ... i or more 100 _ gr. 1/4 ... i to 4 _ IOO " M gr. 1/2 ... I to 2 IOO ,, gr. I ... i IOO ,, Calomel (Hydrarg. Chlor. Mit.),gr. i/io, gr. 1/6, gr. 1/4 and gr. 1/2 ... i repeated 100 g r - i i to 5 IOO gr- 2 i to 3 IOO gr- 3 i to 2 IOO gr- 5 i IOO Prepared with pure sublimed English Mercurous Chloride ,, Calomel and Creosote ... I to 5 IOO ]J Hydrarg. Chlor. Mil. gr. 1/6 Creosoti min. i , , Calomel and Jalap i to 4 j_ IOO 5 Hydrarg. Chlor. Mit. gr. i Pnlv. Jalap* ... gr. 2 , , Calomel and Piperine, of each gr. 1/2 i repeated ' IOO ,, Calomel, gr. 1/4, and Sodium Bicarbonate, gr. I i or more 25 IOO ,, Calomel, gr. 1/2, and Sodium Bicarbonate, gr. 2-1/2 ... i or more 25 IOO ,, Calomel, gr. i, and Sodium Bicarbonate, gr. 5 I or more 25 IOO ,, Camphorated Opium, each containing the solid ingre- dients of Camphorated Tinc- ture of Opium (Paregoric), min. 2 I frequently IOO ,, Camphorated Opium, each containing the solid ingre- dients of Camphorated Tinc- ture of Opium (Paregoric), min. 5 i frequently 48 IOO Pharmacopaial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the ^TN ' ^ Brand in UJ Ol IJ'l full, thus: -Aj- _/ fUl'lO'UL FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS frequently 'Tabloid' Brand Products continued 'TABLOID' BRAND DOS ,, Camphorated Opium, each containing the solid ingre- dients of Camphorated Tinc- ture of Opium (Paregoric), min. 15 i to 4 ., Cane Sugar, gr. 3 ,, Cannabis Indica (see Indian Cannabis Extract) ,, Capsicum, each containing the solid ingredients of Tincture of Capsicum, min. I ~. ",.Y , , Capsicum, each containing the solid ingredients of Tincture of Capsicum, min. 5 ... i to 3 or more ,, Capsules See 'Aol,' Bone Medulla, Calcium lodo-ricinoleate, Carbolic Acid, Castor Oil, Juniper Oil, Phenol and Menthol Compound, Sandal Wood Oil, Terebene, Turpentine Oil, Rectified. Carbolic Acid ( Phenol), gr. 1/4 andgr. 1/2 (for the throat] .. i as required ,, Carbolic Acid (Phenol), gr. i, (Capsule), boxes of 24 ... i to 3 ,, Carbolic Acid, gr. 1/2, with Slippery Elm, bottles of 25 I occasionally oval bots. of Issued in ts. of , Carlsbad Salt, Effervescent, i or more as Artificial, N.F., tubes of 25 desired __ , CascaraSagrada(DryExtract), gr. I i or more 25 IOO gr. 2 i to 4 25 IOO ' ' ** om "it " gr ' 3 i to 3 25 IOO ' "^"i,?"" gr. 4 i to 2 25 IOO gr- 5 I as required 25 IOO The uniform reliability of 'Tabloid' Cascara Sagrada premier position in the esti- mation of physicians through- out the world. 100 100 100 Phartnacopaial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated ISSUED BY 'Tabloid' Brand Products continued Issued in 'TABLOID' BRAND- DO SE boT'of bots. of , , Cascara Compound 1104 25 IOO JJ Ext. Cascar. Sagrad. gr. i Ext Euonymi ... gr . i/ 2 Iridim gr . !/ 2 Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. 1/16 Ext. Hyoscyami Vir. gr. 1/3 ,, Cascara and Gentian Compound i to 3 25 IOO # Ext. Cascar. Sagrad. gr. 2 Ext. Nucis Vomicas gr. 1/5 Ext. Belladonnas ... gr. i/io Ext. Gentianse ... gr. i Capsicini gr. i/io ,, Castor Oil, min. 5, (Capsule), boxes of 50 i or more ,, Cathartic Compound i to 2 25 IOO fy Ext. Colocynth Co. gr. 1-1/3 Hydrarg. Chlor. Mil. gr. Ext. Jalapae gr. Pulv. Cambogiae ... gr. /4 A cathartic compound of xcep- tional purity of ingredien s and of proved reliability. ,, Cerebrin, gr. 5 i or more '. IOO ,, Cerium Oxalate, gr. 5 ... i to 2 IOO ,, Charcoal (Pure Willow), gr. 5, i or more asj - IOO bottles of 40 ... ... required , , Chloralformamide (Chlorala- mide), gr. 5 3 to 6 IOO ,, Chloral, Hydrated, gr. 5 ... IOO ,, ,, gr. 10 ... IOO ,, Chocolate, gr. 60, boxes of 12 ,, Cinchona, each containing the solid ingredients of Tincture of Cinchona, min. 30 ... ... ... i to 2 : 36 IOO ,, Citric Acid, gr. 5 ... ... i to 4 IOO Cocaine Hydrochloride (see ' Soloid ' Brand products) ,, Cocaine Co. with Potassium Chlorate and Borax (see Voice, pagS 230) Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the (ft f^ Brand in jCr ^ ) / / / f full, thus: ,/V L/l g r - 2 i to 4 IOO ,i gr- 3 i to 3 IOO ,, Ergotin and Strychnine ... I to 2 IOO ty Ext. Ergotae(F.rgotini) gr. 3 Strychmnae Sulphatis gr. 1/30 ,, Erythrol Tetranitrate (Tetra- nitrin), gr. 1/4, tubes of 25... I to 4 ,, Erythrol Tetranitrate (Tetra- nitrin), gr. 1/2 i to 2 25 [3 rtti IOO F ,, Fellis Bovis Purificati (see Ox Bile, page 219) *U l l 79 Fellis Porcini Purificati (see I rtitfic Pig Rile, page 221) ,, Ferric Chloride, gr. 1-1/4 i - IOO Each represents the amount of Ferric Chloride contained in min.ioof Tinct. Ferri Chlor. with a small quantity of am- monium chloride as vehicle. ,, Ferric Chloride and Arsenic... I IOO Jfc Ferri Chlor. gr. 1-1/4 ( = Tinct. Ferri Chlor. , minT 10) Arseni Trioxidi ... gr. 1/30 ,, Ferri Reducti (see Reduced Iran, page 223) ,, Ferri Sulphatis (Exsicc.) (see Iron Sulphate, dried, page 214) Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the s~7\ i ^-. / Brand in G// O 1 / , full, thus: J(Jf J (d> f -f 7v.j-m> .. ,, Haemoglobin, gr. 5 I or more IOO ,, Heroin Hydrochloride, gr. 1/25 i to 4 25 ioo >, gr. I/IO 1 IOO ,, Hydrarg. Colocynth et Hyoscy. (see Blue Pill, Colocynth and Hyoscyamus, page 202) ,, Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis and combinations (see Calomel u:T ' si !' and combinations, page 203) 1 Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the */) Tabloid' Brand Products continued TABLOID' BRAND ,, Hydrarg. c. Creta and com- binations (see Grey Powder and combinations, page 210) ,, Hydrarg. lodid. Flavi, gr. 1/8 i to 4 25 IOO , , Hydrarg. lodid. Rubri, gr. 1/20 i 50 ,, gr. 1/16 i 5 , , Hydrarg. lodid. Viridis, gr. 1/8 i to 4 5 increased ,, Hydrargyri Perchloridi (Mer- curic Chloride), gr. i/ioo ... i to 4 or more IOO ,, Hydrargyri Perchloridi (Mer- curic Chloride), gr. 1/16 ... i IOO Hydrarg. Perchloridi, gr. 1/32, et Potassii lodidi, gr. 2-1/2 i to 2 IOO ,, Hydrarg. Perchloridi, gr. i /i 6, et Potass. lodidi, gr. 5 i" IOO ,, Hydrastine Compound i to 3 25 IOO 1J Hydrastinae Hydrochloridi gr. 1/4 repeated Cannabinae Tannatis gr. 1/2 Ext. Ergotae (Ergotini) gr. 1/2 ,, Hydrastine Compound and Cotarnine Hydrochloride . . . i to 3 25 IOO B Hydrastinse Hydrochloridi gr. 1/4 repeated Cotarninae Hydrochloridi gr. 1/4 Cannabinae Tannatis gr. 1/2 Ext. Ergotae (Ergotini) gr. 1/2 ,, Hydrastine Hydrochloride, gr. 1/4 i to 4 IOO repeated . . Hydrated Chloral (see Chloral, Hydrated, page 205) ,, Hyoscyamus, each containing the solid ingredients of Tincture of Hyoscyamus, min. 10 I to 4 or more 36 loo Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated 212 TRADE MARKS FORMULARY O ' Tabloid ' Brand Products continued 'TABLOID' BRAND ROSE ,, Hypodermic Products (see pages 169-174,) ,, Hypophosphites Compound, gr. 1-1/2 i to 2 Each contains : Calcium, Potas- sium, Sodium, Manganese, Iron and Quinine Hypophosphites, with gr. 1/128 of Strychnine Hypophosphite. , , Hypophosphites Compound, gr. 3 I Containing gr. 1/64 of Strychnine Hypophosphite. ,, Hypophosphites Compound and Creosote I Each contains : Creosote, min. I, and gr. 3 of the combined Hypophosphites of Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Man- ganese, iron and Quinine, with gr. 1/64 of Strychnine Hypo- phosphite. I ,, Ichthyol, gr. 2-1/2 I 104 ,, Indian Cannabis Extract, each containing Extract equivalent to Tincture of . Indian Cannabis, min. 5 I to 3 ,, Ipecac Powder, gr. i/io ... i frequently ,, ,, ,, gr. 5 ... I everyhour ,, Ipecac deprived of its Emetic Principles, gr. 5 ... ito4ormore ,, Ipecac with Antimony and Potassium Tartrate, of each gr. i/ioo i frequently ,, Ipecac Extract, each contain- ing the solid ingredients of i to 3 Wine of Ipecac, min. 5 ... ( expectorant , oval hots, of 25 4 S IOO 50 loo Pharmacopceial preparations are U. S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the Brand in L full, thus: _ W. AND CO. 'Tabloid' Brand Products- cont 'TABLOID' BRAND ,, Ipecac and Opium Powd (Dover Powder), gr. 1/4 oval [ hots, of hots, of i frequently roo | Each contains Opium and Ipecac, of each gr. 1/40 ,, Ipecac and Opium Powder (Dover Powder), gr. 5 ... i to 3 Each contains Opium and Ipecac, of each gr. 1/2 25 100 ,, Ipecac with Squill I to 2 Each contains approximately : Ipecac and Opium, of each gr. 1/5, Powdered Squill and Powdered Ammoniacum, of each gr. 2/3 too ,, Iridin Compound I to 2 3$ Iridini ... ... ... gr. 2 Ext. Hyoscyami Vir. gr. 1/2 Pil. Rhei Comp. ... gr. 1-1/2 25 100 ,, Iron and Arsenic Compound I to 3 IJ Ferri Hypophosphitis gr. 2 Quininae Sulphatis . gr. i Arseni Trioxidi ... gr. 1/50 Strychninae Sulphatis gr. 1/50 Tonic, stimulant, hsematinic and alterative. 100 ,, Iron, Arsenic and Digitalin... i to 3 ^ Ferri Phosphatis Sol. gr. 3 Arseni Trioxidi ... gr. i/ioo Digitalini (Amorph.) gr. i/ioo 25 100 ,, Iron Carbonate, Saccharated, gr. 5 i to 6 100 ,, Iron Glycerophosphate, gr. 3 i to 2 25 100 ,, Iron Phosphate with Quinine and Strychnine (seepage 220) ,, Iron Pill (see Blaud, page 201) ,, Iron and Quinine Citrate, | gr. 3 i to 3 25 100 ,, Iron, Reduced (see Reduced Iron, page 223) Ph opceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the Brand in full, thus : FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS 'Tabloid' Brand Products continued Issued in 'TABLOID' BRAND UOSE oval bots. of bots. of ,, Iron and Strychnine Phos- phates ... ... ... I 25 ioo # Ferri Phosphatis Sol. gr. i Strychninae Phosphatis gr. 1/32 i ,, Iron Sulphate, Dried, gr. 3... I IOO ,, Iron Valerate, gr. I ... ... I or more IOO J Jalap, gr. 5 i to 4 ,, Juniper Oil, min. 3, (Capsule), boxes of 50 ... ... ... i K ,, Kino Compound Powder, N.F., gr- 5 ! lo 4 Each contains : Kino, gr. 3-3/4 ; Opium, gr. 1/4 ; and Cinnamon, gr. i. ,, Kissingen Salt, Effervescent, I or more Artificial, N.F., tubes of 25 as required Krameria and Cocaine IJ; Ext. Kramerias ... gr. Cocaine Hydrochlor. gr. {*> Laudanum (see Opium, Granu lated,/ag 219) Laxative Vegetable ... 5 Ext. Colocynth. C Ext. Jalapae .. Resina; Podophylli Leptandrini i occasionall} I to 3 Ext. Hyoscyami Vir. Ext. Taraxaci Ol. Menthx Pip. . gr. 1/2 gr- i/4 gr. 1/2 A purely vegetable laxative and cholagogue prepared with drugs of exceptional purity. Lead with Opium, N.F. Pill Each product equals one of the N.F. pills. IOO IOO Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the Brand in ISSUED BY B. \V. AND CO. 215 'Tabloid' Brand Products continued TABLOID' BRAND DOSE ,, Lithium Benzoate Compound Ito4ormore ~S?, Lithii Benzoatis ... gr. 3 Sulphuris Praecip. ... gr. 2 Quininae Salicylatis ... gr. 1/3 ,, Lithium Carbonate, gr. 2 ... I to 3 ,, Lithium Citrate, gr. 5, Effer- vescent, bottles of 25 ... i to 2 ,, Lithium Citrate, Effervescent, gr. 60, tubes of 25 ...... i to 2 Each contains about gr. 3 of Lithium Citrate. ,, Lithium Citrate and Sodium Sulphate, Effervescent, tubes of 25 ......... i to 2 IJ: Lithii Citratis ...... gr. 5 Sodii Sulphatis ... gr. 30 ,, Lithium Citrate and Uro- tropine, Effervescent, tubes of 25 ... ... ... i or more $ Lithii Citratis ... gr. 5 Urotropinae ..... gr. 3 Salis Effervescentis q.s. ,, Livingstone Rouser (see Quinine and Rhubarb Com- pound, page 222) ,, 'Lodal' (Trade Mark) (6:7- Dimethoxy - 2 - methyl -3:4- dihydro z.f<7quinolinium Chloride), gr. I ...... I M ,, Magenta Dye, Aniline, gr. 30, tubes of 12 ,, Magnesium Carbonate Com- pound ......... i to 4 I Magnesii Carbonatis gr. 3 Potass. Bicarbonatis gr. 3 Sodii Bicarbonatis ... gr. 3 Issued in oval . I bots. of bots. of I i IOO 100 Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated KORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS ' Tabloid ' Brand Products continued Issued in 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE botsfof bots. of ,, Magnesium Citrate (True}, Effervescent, gr. 60, tubes of 25 i to 3 ,, Magnesium Sulphate, Effer- vescent, gr. 60, tubes of 25 I to 4 Each represents gr. 30 of Mag- nesium Sulphate. ,, Magnesium Sulphate Com- pound, Effervescent, tubes of 25 i to 4 IJ Magnesii Sulphatis gr. 15 Sodii Sulphatis ... gr. 15 Magnesii Carbonatis gr. 5 Liq. Zingiberis, N.F. min. 3-1/2 ,, Magnesium Sulphite, gr. 5 ... I frequently 100 ,, ' Mamos ' (Trade Mark) (for- merly known as ' Tabloid ' Mammary Gland), gr. 5... i increased 100 ,, Manganese Citrate (soluble), gr. 3 i to 3 25 ,, Manganese Citrate (soluble), gr. 5 I to 2 25 ,, Manganese Peroxide, gr. 2 ... I to 5 25 100 ,, Manganese and Iron Citrate (soluble), gr. 3 i to 3 25 100 ,, Manganese and Iron Citrate (soluble), gr. 5 I to 2 25 IOO ,, Manganese and Iron Citrate with Quinine (soluble), gr. 3 i to 3 25 Each contains Quinine,approxi- mately gr. 1/2. ,, Manganese and Iron Citrate with Quinine (soluble), gr. 5 I to 2 25 Each contains Quinine, gr. 3/4 ,, Manganese and Iron Citrate with Strychnine (soluble), S r - * i to 3 2 5 IOO Each contains Strychnine, gr. i/ioo. .;!! Pharmacopcdal preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated r d *n e q> 'tT,, ' full, thus: *+t -/ &AI' / L&ICL REMEMBER THE ISSUED liY B. W.' AND CO. ' TRADE MARKS 217 ' Tabloid ' Brand Products continued Issued in 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE oval bots. of bots. of ,, Manganese and Iron Phos- phate (soluble), gr. 3 ... I to 3 25 IOO ,, Manganese and Iron Phos- phate (soluble), gr. 5 ... i to 2 25 IOO ,, Medulla Bone (see page 202) 1 ,, Menthol, gr. 1/4, bottles of 40 I repeated IOO ,, Menthol Compound 1104 IOO ^ Mentholis gr. 1/2 Sodii Bicarbonatis... gr. 3 Saccharin! gr. 1/6 Prepared with Menthol of ex- ceptional quality. ,, Mercurous Chloride (see Calomel, page 203) ,, Mercuric Chloride (see Hydrarg. Perchlor. , page 211) ,, Mercuric Potassium Iodide, (formerly known as lodic- Hydrarg.j, gr. 1/6 i IOO ,, Mercury preparations, (see under Hydrargyrum, Calomel and Grey Powder) ,, Methylene Blue, gr. 2 ... i to 2 IOO ,, Milk Sugar, gr. 3 IOO ,, Mineral Water Salts, Effer- vescent, Artificial (see Carls- bad, Kissingen, Seltzer and Vichy) ,, Mistura Alba i to 8 IOO ]J Magnesii Carb. Pond. gr. 2-1/2 Magnesii Sulphatis gr. 15 Ol. Menthae Pip. min. 1/32 Conveniently presents a most efficient saline combination. ,, Morphine and Emetine, bottles of 50 i ]J Morphinas Sulphatis gr. 1/40 Emetina; Hydrobrom. gr. 1/80 Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the Sf> J /J . ' Brand in 01 ^t2^^^(/ full, thus: 7 ' Tabloid ' Brand Products continued Issued in 1 rt*71 1 bots. o ' TABLOID' BRAND DOSE bots. of ,, Morphine, Strychnine and Belladonna I as required! 2 5 100 $ Morphinae Sulphatis gr. i/ia Strychninae Sulphatis gr. 1/60 Ext. Belladonna; ... gr. 1/20 ,, Morphine Sulphate, gr. 1/20 I to 4 or more 5 ,, ,, ,, gr. 1/8 i to 4 50 ,, ,, ,, gr. 1/4 i to 2 50 ,, Mucin Compound 2 or more 25 IOO 1J Mucini gr. 5 Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. 5 N ,, Nitroglycerin (see Trinitrin, page 229) ,, Nuclein.gr. i i or more IOO ,, Nux Vomica, each containing the solid ingredients of Tinc- ture of Nux Vomica, min. I I frequently IOO ,, Nux Vomica, each containing the solid ingredients of Tinc- ture of Nux Vomica, min. 5 I to 3 48 IOO ,, Nux Vomica, each containing the solid ingredients of Tinc- ture of Nux Vomica. min. 10 i 36 IOO ,, Nux Vomica Compound ... I to 3 25 IOO IJ Ext. Nucis Vomicae, Aloini, Ferri Sulphatis, Pulv. Myrrhae, Pulv. Saponis fui gr. 1/2 Stomachic and tonic aperient, of special value in chronic constipation. o , , Ophthalmic Products (see ot pages 177-178,) ,, Opium, gr. 1/2 I to 4 IOO ,, gr. i i to 2 IOO Pharmacopxial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the ' Tabloid ' Brand Products continued Issued in oval bots. of 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE bots. of ,, Opium, Granulated, each con- taining the solid ingredients of Tincture of Opium (Laudanum), min. 2 ... I to 5 48 100 ,, Opium, Granulated, each con- taining the solid ingredients of Tincture of Opium (Laudanum), min. 5 ... I to 3 48 IOO ,, Opium, Granulated, each con- taining the solid ingredients of Tincture of Opium (Laudanum), min. 10 ... I 36 100 ,, Ovarian Substance (see ' Varium ' ) ,, Ox Bile (Purified), gr. 4 .... i to 4 IOO P ,, Pancreatin (see 'Pepana') ,, Papain, gr. 2 I to 4 25 IOO ,, Paregoric (see Camphorated Opium, page 203) ,, Pastilles (seepages 179-180,) ,, Pelletierine Tannate, gr. 2 ... i to 4 25 ,, ' Pepana' (Trade Mark) I to 3 25 IOO (Gastro-enteric digestive) IJ; Pepsini... gr. i Pancreatini ... ... gr. i Calcii Lactophosphatis gr. i Scientifically prepared for the treatment of dyspeptic condi- tions affecting both stomach and intestine. ,, Pepsin, Bismuth and Charcoal 1103 25 IOO IJ Pepsini gr. 2 BismuthiSubcarbonatis gr. 2 Carbonis Ligni ... gr. 2 Digestive, sedative and absor- bent, of special service in flatulent dyspepsia. PharmacopKial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the FORMULARY OF 'Tabloid' Brand Products continued 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE , , Pepsin and Strychnine ... I to 3 B Pepsini ... gr. 2 Strychnine Sulphatis gr. 1/100 ,, Pepsin, Bismuth and Strych- nine ... ... ... ... i to 3 B Pepsini gr. 2 Bismuthi Subcarbonatis gr. 3 Strychnine Sulphatis ... gr. i/ioo ,, Pepsin, Saccharated, gr. 5 ... I to 4 or more ,, Phenacetin, gr. 5 ... ... i to 2 , , Phenacetin Compound ... I to 3 B Phenacetini gr. 4 Caffeina; gr. i Conspicuously safe and effective in the treatment of headache and neuralgia. ,, Phenacetin and Quinine Com- pound i to 3 B Phenacetini gr. 3 Quininas Hydrobromidi gr. 1/2 Caffeinae gr. 2/3 ,, Phenacetin and Salol ... i to 2 B Phenacetini, Salol as gr. 2$ ,, Phenazone (see Antipyrine) ,, Phenol (see Carbolic Acid, page 204) ,, Phenol and Menthol Com- pound, (Capsule), boxesof 25 I as required B Phenolis gr. 1/4 Mentholis gr. 1/2 Ol. Cajuputi ... .. min. i ,, Phenyl Salicylate (see Salol, page 224) ,, Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, dr. 1/2 ... I to 2 ,, Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, dr. I ... i Present, in a soluble condition, the amount of iron (ferric state), quinine and strychnine contained in corresponding doses of Easton Syrup. oval bots. of Pharmacop(eial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the 'Tabloid' Brand Products-continu ed Issued in 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE oval bots. of bots. of ,, Photographic (see pap-es 181-185; ,, Pig Bile (Purified), gr. 4 I to 4 IOO ,, Pilocarpine Nitrate, gr. i/io i to 5 25 . gr. 1/4 -. I to 2 25 ,, Piperazine, gr. 5, bottles of 25 I tO 2 _ ,, Piperazine, gr. 5, Effervescent, tubes of 12 I tO 2 ! ,, Pituitary Gland, gr. 2 i to 3 IOO ,, Plummer Pill (see Antimony Compound Pill) ,, Podophyllin, gr. 1/4 i to 4 IOO ,, Podophyllin and Euonymin... I tO 2 IOO R Resina; Podophylli gr. 1/4 Ext. Euonymi ... gr. i ,, Podophyllin Compound i to 3 IOO fy Resinse Podophylli ... gr. 1/6 Pil. Rhei Comp. ... gr. 2-1/2 Ext. Hyoscyami Vir. gr. 1-1/4 ,, Potassium Bicarbonate, gr. 5 I to 6 4 IOO ,, Potassium Bromide, gr. 5 i to 6 IOO ,, ,, ,, gr. 10 ... i to 3 IOO , , Potassium Chlorate, gr. 5 ... i as required 40 IOO In graven white-metal boxes, each containing 40 or 100 Stimulating expectorant, super- ior to gargles and sprays. ,, Potassium Chlorate and Borax i as required 40 IOO In graven white-metal boxes, each containing 40 or 100 Presents its constituents in the :cf . , most efficient and convenient form for the relief of hoarse- ness, etc. ,, Potassium Chlorate, Borax and Cocaine Co. (see Voice) ,, Potassium Iodide, gr. I i frequently IOO j- )> gr. 3 i to 6 IOO ,, gr- 5 i to 4 IOO ,, Potassium Nitrate (Sal Pru- nella), gr. 5... i to 4 IOO Pharmacopoeia! preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the A , ^^^ Brand in ff/ -"V /. full, thus: ' / **4^r~* REMEMBER THE 222 TRADE MARKS FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS Tabloid' Brand Products continued Issued in TABLOID' BRAND DOSE oval bots. of bots. of ,, Potassium Permanganate, gr. I I to 3 IOO gr. 2 I IOO ,, Prostate Gland, gr. 2-1/2 ... I to 2 IOO Q ,, Quinine, Ammoniated (see Ammoniated Quinine^ ,, Quinine, Arsenic and Strych- nine ... I IOO ft Quininae Bisulphatis gr. i Arseni Trioxidi ... gr. 1/20 Strychninae gr. 1/30 ,, Quinine and Camphor i every hour 25 | ioo ft Quininas Bisulphatis gr. i Camphorae ... ... gr. 1/5 ,, Quinine, Belladonna and Cam- phor.. ft Quininae Sulphatis gr. 1/4 Ext. Belladonnae .. gr. 1/8 i to 4 25 ioo Camphorae gr. 1/4 ,, Quinine and Rhubarb Com- pound (well known for many years as ' Tabloid ' Living- stone Rouser) i to 3 25 ioo ft Pulv. Jalapas ... gr. 1-1/2 Hydrarg.Chlor.Mit. gr. i Pulv. Rhei fr. 1-1/2 Quininas Bisulphatis gr. i ., Quinine and Strychnine i to 3 25 ioo ft Quininje Bisulphatis gr. i Strychninae Sulphatis gr. 1/60 ,, Quinine Bihydrochloride( Acid Quinine Hydrochlor. ), gr. 2, as gr- 3) gr. 5 and gr. 10 ,, Quinine Bisulphate, gr. 1/2 ... required or more 25 ioo 50 ioo gr. I ... or more 36 ioo gr. 2 ... to 5 25 '. ioo gr. 3 to 3 25 , ioo gr. 4 - to 2 25 ioo gr. 5 ... to 2 25 ioo , ,, gr. 10 ... 2<$ IOO Proved by the experience of medical officers to retain its therapeutic activity under the most adverse climatic con- ditions. Pharmacopoeia! preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the ISSUED ur B. 'Tabloid' Brand ProAucts-continu 'TABLOID' BRAND ,, Quinine Bisulphate and Potas- sium Citrate, Effervescent, Issued in oval | bots. of bots. of tubes of 25 ... IJ Quininae Bisulphatis gr. i Potassii Citratis ... gr. 15 ,, Quinine Compound ... (Antifebrini) gr 1-1/5 Cinchona; Alkaloid. gr i Camphor. Monobrom. gr 1/5 Pulv. Ipecacuanhas gr 1/8 Ext. Cascar. Sagrad. gr 1/4 i to 2, re- peated as necessary i every hour 25 ioo ,, Quinine Hydrobromide, gr. I, gr. 2, gr. 3, gr. 4, gr. 5, each strength as required 25 ioo ,, Quinine Hydrochloride, gr. I, gr. 2, gr. 3, gr. 4, gr. 5, each strength as required 25 ioo ,, Quinine Salicylate ( Physio- logically pure), gr. I i to 6 25 ioo ,, Quinine Salicylate (Physio- logically Pure), gr. 3 i to 2 25 ioo ,, Quinine Sulphate, gr. I, gr. 2, gr- 3. gr- 4 and gr. 5, each strength as required 25 : IOO , , Quinine Valerate, gr. 2 I to 2 > IOO R ,, Red Gum i occasionally 25 ioo ,, Reduced Iron, gr. 2 ... i to 3 IOO ,, Reduced Iron Compound ... $ Ferri Reducti ... gr. 2 Ext. Hyoscyami ... gr. i Ext. Nucis Vomicas gr. 1/2 OleiCari min. 1/4 i to 2 25 ioo PharmacopKial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the rfD /^tf~7~~^ > ' KuS Jty*t6>Ut>- FORMULARY OK 'Tabloid' Brand Products-^ ntinued Issued in oval bots. of 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE hots, of ,, Reduced Iron and Rhubarb Compound I to 2 25 100 B Ferri Reducti ... gr. 2 Ext. Hyoscyami ... gr. i Ext. Nucis Vomicse gr. 1/2 Pil. RheiComp. ... gr. i Olei Cari min. 1/4 These two preparations are of special value in the treatment of neurasthenia, chlorosis and sequelae. ,, Residuum Rubrum.gr. 5 ... i to 4 100 ,, Resina Podophylli (see Podo- phyllin, page 221) ,, Resorcin (Resorcinol), gr. 3... I to 2 100 ,, Rhubarb, gr. 3 Ito4ormore 25 100 ,, Rhubarb and Soda 1105 25 TOO B Pulv. Rhei gr. 3 Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. 1-1/2 Pulv. Zingiberis ... gr. 1/2 ,, Rhubarb Compound Pill ... I to 2 25 100 Each product equals one of the U.S. P. Pills. ,, Rhubarb Compound Powder (Gregory Powder), gr. 5 ... ito4ormore 25 100 Each contains 5 grains of the U.S. P. Powder. JIJ^I >. Rhubarb, Soda and Magnesia I to 5 25 100 B Pulv. Rhei ... gr. i Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. 1-1/2 pf) Magnesii Carb. Pond. gr. 2 Pulv. Zingiberis ... gr. 1/2 ,T*ni h9^ s ,, Saccharin, gr. 1/2 IOO& 200 } ,, Salicin, gr. 5 I to 4 25 JOO ,, Salicylic Acid (Physiologically Pure}, gr. 3 ... ... 1104 or more iI4bj 100 ,, Salicylic Acid (Physiologically Lafl mi Pure}, gr. 5 I 104 100 ,, Salol (Phenyl Salicylate), gr. 5 I to 3 25 IOO Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the Brand in full, thus: ~ W. AND CO. ' Tabloid ' Brand Products continued Issued in rival bots. of 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE i botsTof ,, Sandal Wood Oil, min. 5, (Capsule), boxes of 25 i to 3 or more ,, Sandal Wood Oil, min. 10, (Capsule), boxes of 20 I to 2 ,, Santonin, gr. 1/2 i to 4 or more 5 gr- I I to 4 or more 5 IOO , , , , gr. 2 i to 3 5 gr. 3 I to 2 50 ,, Santonin and Calomel i to 3 25 IOO 5 Santonini gr. i Hydrarg. Chlor. Mit. gr. i ,, ' Saxin ' (Trade Mark), gr. 1/4, bottles of 200 I or more IOO More powerful and more delicate in flavour than saccharin, About 600 times sweeter than sugar. ,, Seltzer Salt, Effervescent, Artificial, tubes of 25 I or more, as desired -- ,, Slippery Elm, bottles of 25 ... i or more IOO Each represents gr. 5 of the mucilage of Slippery Elm Bark. ,, 'Soamin' (Sodium Para- See ( Trade Mark) aminophenyl- special arsonate), gr. I leaflet IOO >j gr- 3 ,, gr- 5 bottles of 25 ,, Soda-Mint (Neutralising) ... i to 4 or more 30 IOO fy Sodii Bicarbonatis... gr. 4 Ammon. Bicarb. ... gr. 1/12 Ol. Mentha: Pip. ... y.s. A most effective antacid, aro- matic and stimulating com- pound of exceptional purity. Possesses the advantage over the N. F. product in containing Oil of Peppermint in place of Oil of Spearmint. ,, Sodium Bicarbonate, gr. 5 ... i to 6 40 IOO ,, ,, gr. 10 ... i to 3 40 IOO ,, Sodium Borate (see Borax) Pkarmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated KORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS 'Tabloid' Brand Products continued Issued in oval bots. of 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE bots. of ,, Sodium Bromide, gr. 5 I to 6 100 ,, gr. I0 i to 3 IOO ,, Sodium Bromide Compound i to 6 100 $ Sodii Bromidi ... gr. 2 Strontii Bromidi ... gr. 2 Ammonii Bromidi ... gr. i Sodii Arsenatis ... gr. 1/60 ,, Sodium Citrate, gr. 2 for milk IOO gr. 5 modification 25 IOO ,, Sodium Phenolsulphonate (see Sodium Sulphocarbolate) ,, Sodium Phosphate, Effer- vescent, gr. 60, tubes of 25 i or more Each represents gr. 30 (appro*.) of Sodium Phosphate. ,, Sodium Salicylate (natural) gr- 3 i to 6 or more 25 ,, gr- 5 i to 6 25 ,, Sodium Salicylate Physio- logically Pure), gr. 3 i to 6 or more 25 IOO ,, Sodium Salicylate (Physio- logically Pure), gr. 5 i to 6 25 IOO Sodium Salicylate (Physio- logically Pure), gr. 5, Effer- vescent, tubes of 25 i or more ,, Sodium Salicylate and Potas- sium Bicarbonate, of each gr- 5 ?>}o i to 6 2.5 IOO ,, Sodium Sulphate Compound, Effervescent, tubes of 20 ... i to 2 5 Sodii Sulph. Exsicc. gr. 30 Potassii Bitartratis gr. 10 Potassii Bicarbonatis gr. 2-1/2 Ess. Zingiberis ... q,s. Salis Effervescentis, q.s. ,, Sodium Sulphate, Effervescent, gr. 60, tubes of 25 i or more Each represents gr. 30 of Sodium Sulphate. ,, Sodium Sulphocarbolate (Phenolsulphonate), gr. 5 i to 3 IOO Pharmacopcdal preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the (7) ' /* Brand in // / ) // full, thus: S\ 0^/Z^ ^'- ' Tabloid ' Brand Products continued Issued in oval { bots. of 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE bots. of ,, Sparteine Sulphate, gr. I, bottles of 25 i ., Spinal Cord Substance, gr. 2-1/2 i or more IOO ,, Spleen Substance, gr. 5 ... I or more IOO ., Strontium Bromide, gr. 5 ... I to 6 IOO ,, Strophanthus, each containing the solid ingredients of Tincture of Strophanthus, I repeated min. 5 as necessary! 50 ioo Unique in preserving the full therapeutic activity of the true Strophanthus kombe. ,, Strychnine Sulphate, gr. 1/60 i to 4 50 11 g r - !/3 i to 2 50 ,, ,, gr. 1/20 I 5 11 g r - I / I 5 1 50 Sugar of Milk (see Milk Sugar) ,, Sulphonal (Sulphonmethane), gr. 5 i to 6 25 IOO Sulphonethylmethane (see Trional) , , Sulphur Compound I Lo 4 or more 25 IOO fy Sulphuris Prsecipitati gr. Potassii Bitartratis gr. ,, Sumbul Compound i to 2 IOO fy Ext. Sumbul gr. Asafostidae ... ... gr. FerriSulph.Exsicc.... gr. Arseni Trioxidi ... gr. MO ,, Supra-renal Gland, gr. 5 ... I to 3 IOO T ,, Tannin, gr. 2-1/2 I to 2 IOO ,, Tar, gr. i I frequently 50 IOO ,, Tar and Codeine i to 4 25 IOO 5 Picis Liquidae ... gr. i Codeinae gr. i/ Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless other-wise stated Write the f Jf\ / Brand in \/V VL^S' - full, thus: ^X.C^ 8i * g>to 6 FORMULARY OK FINE PRODUCTS 'Tabloid' Brand Products continued Issued in 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE oval bots. of bots. of Tartarated Antimony (see Antimony and Potassium Tartrate, page 199) Tea (see paee 231) ,, Terebene, min. 5, (Capsule), boxes of 50 i to 3 ,, Tetranitrin (see Erythrol Tetranitrate, page 208) ,, Thirst Quencher I to 2 or more 25 IOO Containing Tartaric Acid, Sod* as desired Bicarb., lemon and 'Saxm.' , , Three Bromides, Effervescent, tubes of 25 i to 2 ._ $ Potassii Bromidi.. 0-4 gm. Sodii Bromidi ... 0-4 gm. Ammonii Bromidi 0*2 gm. Sails Efferves. ... q.s. ,, Three Valerates I IOO ? Quininae Valeratis gr. i Ferri Valeratis ... gr. i Zinci Valeratis ... gr. i Retains the full therapeutic activity of the Valerates, whilst concealing their un- pleasant odour. ,, Thymol, gr. i i to 2 25 la-<, gr- 2 i 25 ,, gr. 5 Used in IOO special cases , , Thymus Gland, gr. 5 ... I to 5 IOO ,, Thyroid Colloid, gr. 1/2 ... i increased IOO ,, Thyroid Gland (Standard- ised), gr. 1/2 i or more IOO IOO IOO ,, ,, gr. 2-1/2 i or more _ IOO gr- 5 - i IOO The most successful Thyroid preparation, standardised to Iodine content. Pharmacopozial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the ISSUED BY B. \V. TRADE MARKS 'Tabloid' Brand Products continued 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE , , Tinctures See Aconite, Belladonna, Camph- orated Opium, Indian Canna- bis, Capsicum, Cinchona, Digitalis, Ginger, Granulated Opium, Hyoscyamus, Nux Vomica and Strophanthus ,, Tonic Compound ... ... i to 3 5 Ferri Pyrophos. ... gr. 2 Quinine Bisulphatis gr. i Strychnine Sulph. gr. i/ioo ,, Trinitrin (Nitroglycerin), gr. 1/200 i or more ,, ,, ,, gr. i/ioo i to 2 gr. i/5 i One of the many important therapeutic agents in the intro- duction of which B. W. & Co. were pioneers. ,, Trinitrin Compound ... ... i to 2 Tfc Trinitrini gr. i/ioo Capsicini gr. 1/200 Mentholis gr. i/ioo ,, Trional (Sulphonethyl- methane), gr. 5 I to 6 ,, Turpentine Oil, Rectified, min. 10, (Capsule), boxes of 20 i or more U ,, Urotropine, gr. 3 gr. 5 I to 5 r to 3 , , ' Varium ' ( Trade Mark) (formerly knownas ' Tabloid' Ovarian Substance^, gr. 5... I to2ormore ,, Vegetable Laxative (see Laxative Vegetable) ,, Veronal, gr. 5 i to 2 25 25 25 25 Pharmacopcxial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated RMULAKY OF FINE PRODUCTS 'Tabloid' Brand Products continued 'TABLOID' BRAND , , Viburnum PrunifoliumExtract, gr. 2 I ,, Vichy Salt, Effervescent, Artificial, N.F., tubes of 25 i Issued in oval | bots. of hots, of ' to 5 or more is desired i or more as desired ,, Vichy Salt, Effervescent, Arti- ficial, with Lithium, N.F., tubes of 25 In addition to the essential con- stituents of Vichy Water, each contains Lithium Citrate, gr. 2-1/4. ,, Vinum Ipecacuanha (see Ipecac Extract, page 212) ,, Violet Dye, Aniline, gr. 30, tubes of 12 ,, Voice (Potass. Chlor., Borax and Cocaine Co.) i as required 25 Also in graven white-metal boxes, each containing 25 or 80. Zinc Oxide, gr. 2 Zinc Sulphate, (see ' Soloid ' Brand Products, page 194) Zinc Valerate, gr. 2 ... Zinc Valerate Compound 5 Zinci Valeratis ... gr. i Pulv. Rhei ... gr. i Ext. Belladonna; ... gr. 1/8 Pulv. Zingiberis ... gr. i Zinc Valerate and Asafetida Compound ... # Zinci Valeratis ... gr. i Asafcetidae gr. i Myrrhae gr. 1/2 i to 5 80 IOO 100 Pharmacopaial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the Brand in full, thus : 'Tabloid' Brand Products continued 'TABLOID' BRAND DOSE Issued in oval hots, of bots. of ,, Zinc Valerate with Iron and Arsenic i IOO 5 Zinci Valeratis . Ferri Reducti ... Arseni Trioxidi ... Ext. Gentianae gr. 2 gr- i gr. 1/60 gr. i ,, Zingib. {see Ginger, page 209) Also a wide range of other products issued under the ' Tabloid ' Brand ' Tabloid ' Brand Tea provides the most convenient, portable and effective means of quickly preparing tea of uniform strength. It is the most suitable tea for travellers, sportsmen, cyclists, pleasure parties, etc. A tin of 'Tabloid' Tea and a bottle of 'Tabloid' 'Saxin' for sweetening the infusion may be conveniently carried in the waistcoat-pocket. In enamelled tins containing 100 and 200. ' Tabloid ' Brand Tea, Special Blend, exceptional quality In enamelled tins containing 100 and 200. Terebene, Pure (B. W. & Co.) I )O SE I Imperial fl. oz., 2 Imperial fl. oz. and 16 Imperial fl. oz. bottles 5 to 15 min. Test Cases, ' Soloid ' Brand (see Analysis Cases, pages I45-H7J Tow, Carbolised, Pleated Compressed, 'Tabloid' Brand (see Dressings, page 162) Towels, Sanitary, Pleated Compressed, ' Tabloid ' Brand (see page 185,) TUBERCULINS, TK.I 'WELLCOME' BRAND Issued in hermetically -sealed phials For Diagnosis 'WELLCOME' BRAND Old Tuberculin (Human) (A) i c.c. containing 0-0005 c.c. of Old Tuberculin (Koch) (B) i c.c. ,, o-ooi c.c. ,, (c) i c.c. ,, 0-005 c - c - " " Tuberculins, 'Wellcome' Brand continued 'WELLCOME' BRAND Old Tuberculin (Bovine) (A) I c.c. containing 00005 c - c - ^ Old Tuberculin (Koch) (B) I c.c. ,, o-oor c.c. ,, ,, ,, (c) i c.c. ,, 0-005 c - c - " " " For Treatment 'WELLCOME' BRAND New Tuberculin [W] (Human) (A) I c.c. containing o-ooooi mgm. of dried bacillary substance (B) i c.c. ,, o-oooi mgm. ,, ,, ,, (c) i c.c. ,, o-ooi mgm. ,, ,, ,, v i & New Tuberculin [W] (Bovine) (A) i c.c. containing o-ooooi mgm. of dried bacillary substance (B) i c.c. ,, o-oooi mgm. ,, ,, ,, (c) i c.c. ,, o-ooi mgm. ,, ,, ,, Tubercle Vaccine (Human), Bacillary Emulsion (A) i c.c. containing o-oooi mgm. Tubercle baccilli (B) i c.c. .. 0-0005 mgm. ^ ... , ,, Tubercle Vaccine (Bovine), Bacillary Emulsion (A) i c.c. containing o-oooi mgm. Tubercle bacilli (B) i c.c. ,, 0-0005 mgm. - " x t , VACCINES, T B a E 'WELLCOME' BRAND The word 'WELLCOME* is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. The ' WELLCOME ' Brand VACCINES are prepared under U.S.A. Government Licence, No. 18, at the Wellcome Physiological Research Laboratories, Brockwell Hall, London, England. Every stage of their preparation is carried out under the immediate supervision of a skilled staff of highly- qualified experts. Being exceptionally pure, sterile, and accurately standardised, the 'Wellcome' Brand Vaccines are used with confidence to stimulate that elaboration of antibodies which is the essential feature of successful immunisation. Vaccines should be kept in a cool dark place, and protected from extremes of temperature. ' Wellcome ' Brand Vaccines are issued in hermetically-sealed phials. ISSUED BY B. W. AND CO. TRADE MARKS 233 Vaccines, ' Wellcome ' Brand continued 'WELLCOME' BRAND Gonococcus Vaccine (A) I c.c. containing 20 million organisms (B) i c.c. ,, 200 ,, (c) i c.c. ,, 1000 ,, ,, ,, Staphylococcus Vaccine, Aureus (A) I c.c. containing 200 million organisms (B) i c.c. ,, 1000 ,, ,, Staphylococcus Vaccine, Mixed (A) i c.c. containing 200 million organisms (B) i c.c. ,, 1000 ,, ,, Streptococcus Vaccine, Polyvalent (A) i c.c. containing 10 million organisms (B) i c.c. 50 Typhoid Vaccine 0-5 c.c. containing 500 million organisms i c.c. ,, 1000 TBSf 'VALOID' BRAND PRODUCTS The word 'VALOID' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. To ensure the supply of pure and reliable preparations, this brand should always be specified when ordering. 'VALOID' BRAND ,, Aromatic Cascara Sagrada, 4 Imperial DOSE fl. oz. bottles 10 to 60 min. ,, Ergot, 4 Imperial fl. oz. bottles I o to 30 min. The strength of each ' Valoid ' preparation is indicated on the label. Various other preparations are also issued under this brand. ^ E 'VALULE' BRAND PRODUCTS The word 'VALULE' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. To ensure the supply of pure and reliable preparations, this brand should always be specified when ordering. 'VALULE' BRAND DOSE ,, Bone Medulla, gr. 5, bottles of 100 ... I or more (See also ' Tabloid ' Bone Medulla, page 202) Varitnis other froditcts are also issued under this brand. 'VAN A* (.Trade Mark) Brand Tonic Wine DOSE In bottles of 16 Imperial fl. oz. Half a wineglassful FORMULARY OF FINF. PRODUCTS TKS 'VAPOROLE' BRAND PRODUCTS The word 'VAPOROLE' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. To ensure the supply of pure and reliable preparations, this brand should always be specified when ordering. Issued in hermetically-sealed containers 'VAPOROLE' BRAND DOSE For Hypodermic Injection ,, Calomel, 0-05 gm. Sterile Suspension in a Neutral Fatty Basis (i c.c.) with Creosote and Camphor, boxes or 10 [toil /if ;<-!'.' ,, 'Epinine' (Trade Mark), I in IOO, I C.C., boxes of 10 i!i-:-.-j ,, 'Ernutin' (Trade Mark), min. 10, sterile, boxes of 6 . B}n 'V.V ,, Grey Oil. Sterile Suspension of O'l gm. of Mercury in a Neutral Fatty Basis (i c.c.), boxes of IO" bdMd a ei.'.dlCUA' ... -jfl a-iiieu--. ,, Iron and Arsenic, Sterilised Solution, boxes of 10 B Ferri Citratis Viridis . Sodii Arsenatis Exsicc. . 1-05 gm. 1-002 gm. : c.c. Aquam ad ., Pituitary (Infundibular) Extract, sterilised, i c.c. = 0-2 gm. of fresh substance, boxes of 6... For Inhalation ,, Amyl Nitrite, min. 3 and min. 5 (glass capsules), boxes of 12 ,, Aromatic Ammonia (glass capsules), en- closed in silken sacs, boxes of 12. Foi use as ' ' Smelling Salts " i (by injec- tion) i (by injec- tion) (by injec- tion) (by injec- tion) [to 3 (by injection) i (by injec- tion) I (by inhala- tion) i (by inhala- tion) Various other products are also issued under the ' Vaporole' Brand ISSUED BY B. W. ' Vaporole ' Brand Ammonium Chloride Inhaler Delivers perfectly neutral fumes of pure ammonium chloride. A model of compactness, convenience and utility. 'VAPOROLE' ACID AND ALKALI, for use in the above Inhaler, are supplied in boxes of 12 products. Veterinary Hypodermic Products, ' Tabloid ' Brand (See B. W. & Co.'s Price List) Veterinary Ophthalmic Products, 'Tabloid' and ' Soloid ' Brands (See B. W. & Co.'s Price List) Vulcanite Nozzles Curved or Straight. To screw on to collapsible tubes of ' Hazeline ' Cream when it is desired to apply this preparation to the mucous membranes of the nose, ear, urethra or rectum. Water Analysis, A Simple Method of (6th Edition) By J. C. THRESH, M.D., D.Sc., etc. This standard text-book affords all the information necessary to enable those with only a small knowledge of analysis to perform a chemical examination of a sample of drinking-water by means of ' Soloid ' Brand Water Analysis Cases. A chapter on the examination of sewage effluents is included. Water Analysis Cases, ' Soloid ' Brand (see page 145) 'Wellcome' Brand Products (see pages 237 -247; Verbal Instructions are not safe. To prevent fraud, it is best to write prescriptions for original bottles. . . WELLCOME' BRAND CHLOROFORM The Ideal Anaesthetic In 'WELLCOME' Brand CHLOROFORM anaesthetists find a product of unvarying reliability, which is exceptional in purity and uniformity of composition. It contains precisely that small, yet definite, proportion of ethyl chloride, which clinical experience has shown to be so beneficial in the induction of chloroform anaesthesia. Greatly reduced EK 'WELLCOME' BRAND ETHER ' WELLCOME ' Brand ETHER, specially prepared for anaesthesia, is thoroughly pure and reliable. Specific gravity (at 25 C), 0-710. The hermeti- cally-sealed tubes in which it is issued prevent the escape of the volatile contents, and are convenient and portable. (See also page 241^ P .T 'WELLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS The word 'WELLCOME 1 is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. To ensure the supply of pure and reliable preparations, this brand should always be specified when ordering. The purity and reliability of drugs are matters of the utmost importance to prescriber, dispenser and patient alike, and every opportunity should therefore be taken to ensure the supply of those chemicals which are known to be thoroughly genuine and trustworthy. In order that products answering to this description in the highest sense may be at the disposal of the profession, Burroughs Wellcome & Co. prepare and issue a series of fine chemicals, alkaloids, etc., under the distinctive title of the ' Wellcome ' Brand. The recognised doses of 'Wellcome' Brand Chemicals are indicated on the labels, and in the body of this handbook, in Metric as well as Apothecaries' ^^ n weights. The limits of dosage given are approxi- ^es^^ mately the same in each system, but exact equiva- we i g hts lence has not been attempted, since no useful object would be served, and awkward and confusing figures would result. The new soluble Bismuth Salts and the soluble Iron Arsenate are the outcome of investigations conducted in the Wellcome Chemical Research Laboratories, and mark a great advance in the preparation of scale salts. Particular additions attention has also been devoted to the preparation of fine alkaloids, and the standards of purity adopted are higher in many instances than those of the United States Pharmacopoeia. ' Wellcome ' Brand Chloroform embodies the results of the most recent researches, and provides an anaesthetic of the highest attainable degree of purity and freedom from irritating products of decomposition. 238 ' WELLCOME ' BRAND PRODUCTS ' Wellcome ' Brand Products continued 'WELLCOME' BRAND Aconitine, U.S. P. The pure crystallised alkaloid from Aconitum napellus, free from pseudaconitine and japaconitine, and from the non-toxic aconine and benzaconine. Owing to its extremely poisonous properties, aconitine should be pre- scribed and dispensed with the utmost caution. DOSE gr. 1/640 to gr. 1/400 (o-oooi gm. to 0-00015 g m -) U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-00015 gm. (g r - 1/400) Tubes of gr. 5 (0-3 gm.) ,, Aconitine Hydrobromide The most suitable salt of aconitine for therapeutic use. It is readily soluble in water, perfectly stable, and of uniform composition. The remarks as to purity and dosage of the alkaloid apply also to this salt. DOSE gr. 1/640 to gr. 1/400 (o-oooi gm. to 0-00015 g m -) Tubes ofgr. 5 (0-3 gm.) Aloin, U.S.P. Free from resin. Lighter in colour and affords a clearer solution than the usual commercial article. DOSE gr. 1/2 to gr. 2 (0-03 gm. to 0-13 gm.) U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-065 gm. (gr. i) Bottles of oz. I (28-3 gm. ) and oz. 4(113 gin. ) ,, Aloin, Crystal Well-defined crystals. Free from resin. DOSE gr. 1/2 to gr 2 (0-03 gm. to 0-13 gm.) Bottles of oz. I (28'3?;/.) and oz. 4 (113 w.) ,, Apomorphine Hydrochloride The melting point of this pure salt is between 295 and 300 C., not 276 C. as usually stated. U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE | Ex P e ctorant, 0-002 gm. (gr. 1/30) I Emetic 0-005 gm. (gr- i/io) Tubes of I gramme. Bottles of 5 grammes. ,, Bismuth Citrate Practically free from nitrate (containing less than 0-05 per cent, of N 2 O 5 ). Renders a clear solution with ammonia. Yields by the official test 56-58 per cent. Bi 2 3 . DOSE gr. 2 to gr. 5 (0-13 gm. to 0-3 gm.) U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-125 gm. (gr. 2) Bottles of oz 4 (113 gm.), oz. 8 (227 gm.) and oz. 16 (454 gm.) For prices, see separate list 'WELLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS 239 ' Wellcome ' Brand Products continued 'WELLCOME' BRAND ,, Bismuth and Iron Citrate (Soluble) In yellowish-green scales, readily soluble in water. The Bismuth and Iron Citrates are combined in this preparation so as to represent as nearly as possible equal parts by weight of their respective anhydrous salts. DOSE gr. 5 to gr. 10 (0-3 gm. to 0-65 gm.) Bottles of oz. I (28-3 gm.), oz. 4 (113 gm.) and oz. 8 ,, Bismuth and Lithium Citrate (Soluble) In handsome, colourless scales, readily soluble in water. Its exhibition is indicated when the thera- peutic effects of lithium in conjunction with those of bismuth are desired. The proportion of lithium, in combination, corresponds to 25-30 per cent., by weight, of anhydrous lithium citrate. DOSE gr. 2 to gr. 5 (0-13 gm. to 0-3 gm.) Bottles of oz. i (2%-3gm.\, oz. 4 (113 gm.) and oz. 8 (227 gm.) ,, Bismuth Tartrate (Soluble) Readily soluble in water, yielding a bright, permanent solution. Being slightly acid, it is chemically and physiologically compatible with pepsin preparations. DOSE gr. 2 to gr. 5 (0-13 gm. to 0-3 gm.) Bottles ofoz. i (28-3 gm.) and oz. 4 (113 gm.) , , Brucine Free from strychnine. Tubes of I gramme. Bottles of '5 grammes. ,, Calcium Glycerophosphate DOSE gr. 2 to gr. 5 (0-13 gm. to 0-3 gm.) Bottles ofoz. i (28-3 gm. ) and <. 4 ( 1 13 gm. ) ,, Calcium Hypophosphite, U.S. P. Special attention is invited to this salt and to its property of readily rendering a perfectly clear solution with water. It conforms strictly in all respects to the U.S. P. requirements. D OSE g r . 3 to gr. 10 (0-2 gm. to 0-65 gm. ) U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-5 gm. (gr. 7-1/2) Bottles of oz. i (28-3 gm.), oz. 4 (113 gm.) and oz. 8 (227 gm.) For prices, see separate list 240 ' WELLCOME ' BRAND PRODUCTS ' Wellcome ' Brand Products continued 'WELLCOME' BRAND , , Cantharidin The crystalline active principle of Cantharis vesicatoria. Ttibes of gr. 5 (0-3 gm.} and bottles of 'l gramme. ,, Chloroform Of exceptional purity and reliability. Conforms to requirements of U.S. P. Specially prepared for the use of anaesthetists. Free from all irritating products of decomposition. U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-3 c.c. (min. 5) Amber-coloured stoppered bottles of oz. 2 (57 gm.}, 1/4 Ib. (113 gin.}, 1/2/6. (227 gm.), and I Ib. (454 gm. ). Hermetically-sealed tubes of 1/4 Ib. (113 gm.), 30 c.c. (approx. \fl. 02.) and 60 c.c. (approx. 2 ft . oz.) ,, Choline Hydrochloride The pure, white crystalline salt of choline. Tubes of \ gramme. Bottles of 5 grammes. ,, Coniine Hydrochloride A pure, white salt of the alkaloid of Conium maculatum. Tubes of I gramme. Bottles of $ grammes. ,, Emetine (Pure Alkaloid) This is the essential alkaloid of ipecacuanha, and not the mixture of alkaloids formerly known as emetine. DOSE Expectorant, gr. 1/20x3 to gr. 1/50 (0-0003 gm. to 0-0013 gm.) Emetic, gr. 1/6 to gr. 1/3 (o-oi gm. to 0-02 gm). Tubes of i gramme. Bottles of gr. 60 (3.9 gm.) ,, Emetine Hydrobromide The most suitable salt of emetine for therapeutic use. DOSE Expectorant, gr. 1/200 to gr. 1/50 (0-0003 gm- 100-0013 gm.) Emetic, gr. 1/6 to gr. 1/3 (o-oi gm. to 0-02 gm.) Tubes of I gra/nme. Bottles of gr. 60 (3-9 gm. ) ,, Ergotinine A pure crystalline alkaloid, obtained from ergot. J^ubes of I gramme. Bottles of 5 grammes. ,, Ergotoxine Phosphate A crystalline salt of the alkaloid Ergotoxine, one of the active principles of Ergot. Tubes ofo-i gramme, 0-5 gramme and I gramme. For prices, see separate list 'WELLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS ' Wellcome ' Brand Products continued 'WELLCOME' BRAND Wbsx(Pure) Prepared specially for anaesthesia. Its standard exceeds that of the U.S. P. Sp. gr. (at 25 C.) 0-710. Hermetically-sealed tubes of y>c.c. and(x>c.c.= approx. I ft. oz. and zfl. oz. ,, Ferric Phosphate, Soluble See Iron Phosphate, Soluble, page 243 ,, Gelsemine Hydrochloride (Gelsemininum hydrochloricum cryst, Ger.) A salt of the crystallisable alkaloid of Gehemium nitidum. DOSE gr. 1/120 to gr. 1/30 (0-0005 S m - l 0-002 gm.) Tubes of gr. 5 (0-3 gm. ) and I gramme ., Homatropine (Pure Alkaloid) Tubes of gr. 5 (0-3 gm.) ,, Homatropine Hydrobromide, U.S. P. This salt is presented in an exceptionally pure form, the importance of which is best realised when the minuteness of the dose, as a mydriatic, is considered. DOSE gr. 1/80 to gr. 1/20 (0-0008 gm. to 0-003 gm.) U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-0005 gm. (gr. 1/128) Tubes of gr. 5 (0-3 gm.) ., Homatropine Methylbromide Tubes of gr. 5 (o-3w.) ,, Hordenine The alkaloid contained in the germ of malt-grains, presented in a pure form. Tubes of I gramme. Bottles of 5 grammes. HydrastinefPure AttatoM), U.S. P. The crystallised white alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis. DOSE gr. 1/4 to gr. i (0-015 gm. to 0-06 gm.) U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE o-oi gm. (gr. 1/5) Tubes of I gramme. Bottles of oz. \ (28-3 gin.) ,, Hydrastine Hydrochloride This salt of the pure white alkaloid is readily soluble in water. DOSE gr. 1/4 to gr. i (0-015 gm. to 0-06 gm.) Tubes of I gramme. Bottles of oz. I (28-3 gm. ) For prices, see separate list 'WELLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS Wellcome' Brand Products contimicd WELLCOME' BRAND ., Hydrastinine Hydrochloride, U.S. P. An oxidation product of the alkaloid hydrastine, free from those other bases which are generally associated with it in its production. DOSE gr. 1/4 to gr. 1/2 (0-015 gin- to 0-03 gm.) U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-03 gm. (gr. 1/2) Tubes of gr. 5 (0-3 gin.) and I gramme ,, Hyoscyamine (Pure Alkaloid) Pure, Isevo-rotatory Hyoscyamine, free from atropine and hyoscine. This product will always be supplied unless dextro- Hyoscyamine is specified. DOSE gr. 1/200 to gr. i/ioo (0-0003 gm. to 0-0006 gm.) Tubes of gr. 5 (0-3 gm.) and I gram me ,, Hyoscyamine ( dextro- Hyoscyamine ) The optical isomeride of laevo-Hyoscyamine, to which it is very inferior in physiological activity. Tubes ofgr. 5 (0-3 gm.). Bottles of I gramme ,, Hyoscyamine Sulphate DOSE gr. 1/200 to gr. i/ioo (0-0003 g m - to 0-0006 gm.) U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-0005 gm- (gr. 1/128) Tiibes of gr. 5 (0-3 gm.) and I gramme ,, Iron Arsenate (Soluble) In handsome green scales, readily soluble in water. Arsenic content is equivalent to 34-35 per cent, of anhydrous ferric arsenate. May be used for preparation of a solution similar to Syrup of Arsenate of Iron, N.F. DOSE gr. 1/16 to gr. 1/4 (0-004 gm- to 0-015 gm.) Bottlesofoz. i (28-3^-w.) ,, Iron Glycerophosphate Handsome scales, readily soluble in warm water. DOSE gr. 3 to gr. 6 (0-2 gm. to 0-4 gm.) Bottles of oz. i (28-3 gm.) and oz. 4 (113 gm.) ,, Iron Hypophosphite (Soluble) In handsome greenish scales, distinguished from the ordinary iron hypophosphite by being readily soluble in water. Contains about 12 per cent, of iron. DOSE gr. i to gr. 5 (0-06 gm. to 0-3 gm.) Bottles of oz. I (28-3 gm.), oz. 4 (113 gm.) and oz. 8 (22J gm.) For prices, see separate list WELLCOME BRAND PRODUCTS 243 'Wellcome' Brand Products continued 'WELLCOME' BRAND ,, Iron Phosphate (Soluble), U.S. P. In the form of bright green transparent scales, freely soluble in water. Conforms in every respect to the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia. DOSE gr. 5 to gr. 10 (0-3 gm. to 0-65 gm.) U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE 0.25 gm. (gr. 4) Bottles of oz. I (28-3 gm.), oz. 4 (113 gm.) and oz. 8 (227 gm.) ,, Iron Pyrophosphate (Soluble), U.S. P. DOSE gr. 5 to gr. 10 (0-3 gm. to 0-65 gm.) U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-25 gm. (gr. 4) Bottles of oz. I (28-3 gm.), oz. 4 (113 gm.) and oz. 8 (227 gm.) ,, Magnesium Glycerophosphate DOSE gr. 3 to gr. 10 (0-2 gm. to 0-65 gm.) Bottles of oz. I (28-37.) and oz. ^(n^gm.) , , Manganese and Iron Citrate (Soluble) A scale salt, readily soluble in water, containing about 7 per cent, of manganese and 14 per cent, of iron in organic combination. DOSE gr. 3 togr. 10(0-2 gm. to 0-65 gm.) Bottles of oz. I (28-3 gm.), oz. 4 (113 gm.), oz. 8 (227 gm.) and oz. 1 6. (454 gm.) , , Manganese and Iron Citrate with Arsenic (Soluble) Contains 0-5 per cent, of arsenic trioxide, but is otherwise identical with Manganese and Iron Citrate (Soluble). (See above. ) DOSE gr. 3 to gr. 10 (0-2 gm. to 0.65 gm.) Bottles of oz. I (28-3 gm.) and oz. 4(113^/7.) ,, Manganese and Iron Citrate with Quinine (Soluble) Contains 15 per cent, of quinine, but. is otherwise identical with Manganese and Iron Citrate (Soluble) (See above). DOSE gr. 3 to gr. 10 (0-2 gm. to 0-65 gm.) Bottles ofoz. i (28-3 gin. ) and oz. 4 ( 1 13 gin. ) For prices, see separate list J44 'WELLCOME BRAND PRODUCTS Wellcome' Brand Products continued WELLCOME' BRAND , , Manganese and Iron Citrate with Strychnine (Soluble) Contains i per cent, of strychnine, but is otherwise identical with Manganese and Iron Citrate (Soluble). ( See previous page). DOSE gr. i to gr. 3 (0-06 gm. to 0-2 gm.) Bottles of oz. i (2%'$ gin.) and oz. 4 (113 gm.) ,, Manganese and Iron Phosphate (Soluble) A scale salt readily soluble in warm water. Contains about 7 per cent, of manganese and 14 per cent, of iron. DOSE gr. 3 to gr. 10 (0-2 gm. to 0-65 gm.) Bottles of oz. i (28-3 gm,), oz. 4 (113 gm.), oz. 8 (227 gm . ) and oz. 1 6 (454 gm. ) ,, Manganese Citrate (Soluble) In the form of handsome, nearly colourless scales, which are readily soluble in water. Contains about 12 per cent, of manganese in organic combination. DOSE gr. 3 to gr. 10 (0-2 gm. to 0-65 gm.) Bottles of oz I (28-3 gm.) and oz. 4 ( 1 13 gm.) Mercurous Chloride, U.S. P. (Calomel) Of uniform physical character, prepared by sublima- tion. Being free from mercuric chloride and other contaminations, it possesses desirable uniformity of action. Guaranteed English preparation. DOSE gr. 1/2 to gr. 5 (0-03 gm. to 0-3 gm.) Bottles of oz. 4 (113 gm.), oz. 8 (227 gm.) and oz. 16 (454 -T > gm. ) ,, Pilocarpine Nitrate, U.S.P. This salt, which is stable, is the one best adapted for general use. DOSE gr. i/2o to gr. 1/2 (0-003 g m - l '3 g' n -) U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE o-oi gm. (gr. 1/5) Tubes of I gramme. Bottles of gr. 60 (3-9 gm.), oz. 1/2 (i^gm.) and oz. I (28-3 gin.) Podophyllin (Resina Podophylli, U.S.P.) Prepared strictly in accordance with the official method, from a carefully selected drug. DOSE gr. 1/4 to gr. i (0-015 gm. to 0-06 gm.) TI S P AvE-RArp DOSP ' Pur g ative > ' OI 5 g- (gr- 1/4) U.S.P. AVERAGE Do; k ^ Laxative , 0-005 gm. (gr. i/io) Bottles of oz. i (28-3 gm.), oz. 4 ( 1 1 3 gm. ) and oz. 8 (227 gm.) , , Potassium Glycerophosphate A syrupy liquid containing 50 per cent, of anhydrous potassium glycerophosphate. DOSE gr. 2 to gr. 5 (0-13 gm. to 0-3 gm.) Bottles of oz. i (28-3 gm.) and oz. 4 (113 gm.) ,, Quinine Bihydrochloride DOSE gr. i to gr. 10 (0-06 gm. to 0-65 gm.) Bottles of oz. i (28 -3 ,///.) For prices, see separate list 246 'WELLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS ' Wellcome ' Brand Products continued 'WELLCOME' BRAND ,, Quinine Bisulphate, U.S. P. Being readily soluble in water (l in 10), this salt is more convenient for many purposes than the less soluble sulphate. DOSE gr. i to gr. 10 (0-06 gm. to 0-65 gm.) U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-25 gm. (gr. 4) Bottles of oz. I (28-3 ///.) and oz. 4(ii3#w.) ,, Quinine Hydrobromide, U.S. P. DOSE gr. i to gr. 10 (0-06 gm. to 0-65 gm.) U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-25 gm. (gr. 4) Bottles of oz. I (28-3 gin.) and oz. 4 (113^7/7.) Quinine Hydrochloride, U.S. P. DOSE gr. i to gr. 10 (0-06 gm. to 0-65 gm.) U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-25 gm. (gr. 4) Bottles of oz. I (28-3 gm.) and oz. 4 (n^g/n. ) ,, Quinine Hypophosphite DOSE gr. i to gr. 3 (0-06 gm. to 0-2 gm.) Bottles of oz. i (28-3^-w.) ,, Quinine Lactate DOSE gr. i to gr. 5 (0-06 gm. to 0-3 gm.) Bottles of oz. I (28-3 gm.) ,, Quinine Phosphate DOSE gr. i to gr. 10 (0-06 gm. to 0-65 gm.) Bottles of oz. I (28 -3 /;/.) ,, Quinine Salicylate, U.S.. P. Prepared from physiologically pure salicylic acid. DOSE gr. 2 to gr. 9 (0-13 gm. to 0-4 gm.) U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-25 gm. (gr. 4) Bottles of oz. i (28-3 gm.) and oz. 4 (113 /;/.) ,, Quinine Sulphate This salt is presented in a more compact form of crystals than that usually supplied, although identical in composition with the official salt. Its diminished bulk renders it more convenient for storage and dis- pensing. For prices, see separate list 'WELLCOME BRAND PRODUCTS 'Z47 'Wellcome' Brand Products continued WELLCOME' BRAND ,, Quinine Sulphate continued When ordering Quinine Sulphate, please indicate whether "compact" or "large flake" is required. DOSE gr. i to gr. TO (0*06 gm. to 0-65 gin.) U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-25 gm. (gr. 4) Bottles of oz. I (28. 3 ,/.) and oz. 4 (113 gm.}. Tins of oz. 25 (709 gm.) and oz. 100 (2835 gi.} ,, Quinine Sulphate (Large Flake) This is the official salt in the usual bulky form of light feathery crystals. We recommend in preference the compact crystals, which occupy one-third the space, as being more portable and convenient. When ordering Quinine Sulphate, please indicate whether "compact" or "large flake" is required. DOSE gr. i to gr. 10 (0-06 gm. to 0-65 gm.) U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-25 gm. (gr. 4) Bottles of oz. 1/4 (7 gm.}, oz. 1/2 (\\grn.) and oz. I (28-3 gm.}. Tins of oz. 4 (113 gm.}, oz. 25 (709 gm.) and oz. 100 (2835 gm. ). ,, Strophanthin, U.S.?. A preparation of uniform activity, controlled by physiological test. U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-0003 gm. (gr. 1/200) Tubes ofgr. 5 (0.3 gm. and I gramme) , , Veratrine Pure crystalline alkaloid, not a mixture. Tubes of gr. 5 (0-3 gm.). Bottles of I gramme, and gr. 60 (3-9 gm.). For prices, see separate list ^ 'WELLCOME' BRAND CHEMICALS WERE AWA R DED GRAND PRIZES AT THE FOLLOWING INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS St. Louis, 1904 Franco-British, London, 1908 Liege, 1905 Japan-British, London, 1910 Milan, 1906 Brussels, 1910 BURROUGHS WELLCOME & CO. LONDON (ENG.) NEW YORK MONTREAL SYDNEY CAPE TOWN- MILAN SHANGHAI BUENOS AIRES U.S.A. Offices and Exhibition Room: 35, 37 & 39, WEST THIRTY-THIRD STREET (NEAR FIFTH AVENUE), NEW YORK CITY Cables and Radiotelegrams "TABLOID, NEW YORK" Telephone No.' 1 508 MURRAY HILL" (two lines) ABC and LIBBER'S Telegraphic Codes used Canadian Offices and Warehouses: 101-109, CORISTINE BUILDING ST. NICHOLAS & ST. PAUL STS., MONTREAL DEPOTS IN U.S.A. ATLANTA, GA. Jacobs' Pharmacy Co., 10, Marietta Street BALTIMORE, MD. Muth Bros. & Co., 23, South Charles Street BOSTON, MASS. Eastern Drug Co., 8-20, Fulton Street CHICAGO, ILL. E. H. Buehler, 134, Lake Street DALLAS, TEX. J. W. Crowdus Drug Co. DULUTH, MINN. Leithhead Drug Co. HOUSTON, TEX. Houston Drug Co., 102, Travis Street INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Kiefer Drug Co. KANSAS CITY, Mo. Faxon & Gallagher Los ANGELES, CAL. Brunswig Drug Co. (late F. W. Braun & Co.), 501, N. Main Street LOUISVILLE, KY. Robinson- Pettet Co., 528-532, West Main Street NEW ORLEANS, LA. Finlay, Dicks & Co., Magazine and Common j Streets PHILADELPHIA, PA. Smith, Kline & P'rench Co., 429-435, Arch Street PHOJNIX, ARiz.-N. M. Miller PITTSBURG, PA. W. J. Gilmore & Co., 426, Seventh Avenue PORTLAND, OREGON. The Clarke Woodward Drug Co., 401-407, Hoyt Street ST. Louis, Mo. Meyer Bros. Drug Co., Fourth and Clark Streets ST. PAUL, MINN. Noyes Bros. & Cutler, 396-408, Sibley Street SAN ANTONIO, TEX. San Antonio Drug Co. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Langley & Michaels Co., 34-40, First Street SEATTLE, WASH. Stewart Holmes Drug Co., 209-211, Third Avenue Street SPOKANE, WASH. The Spokane Drug Co. MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA MEMORANDA E 'WELLCOME' BRAND CONCENTRATED DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN IN SYRINGE-CONTAINERS Each " container presents an accurate dose of Antitoxin in a thoroughly reliable Syringe. This container, the acme of convenience, presents only two parts the partly hollow piston A, containing the needle B, and the barrel c, containing the Serum. When the syringe is required the cork in which the needle B is embedded is withdrawn from A, and placed on a clean surface. The waxed end D of the barrel is then pressed with the fore- finger of the left hand and the piston screwed on to the projecting portion E of the rubber plunger. The wool is now removed from the needle, the waxed sealing disc D from the barrel, and the needle-attachment screwed home ; then, on the cork and wire being removed from the needle, the instrument is ready for use. (See also pages 172-174,) TES 'ERNUTIN* BRAND PRODUCTS The Ideal Form of Ergot 1 ERNUTIN ' presents the active therapeutic principles of Ergot, pure and in a physiologically standardised solution. In post-partum haemorrhage, normal confinements, and in all other conditions in which Ergot is indicated, ' ERNUTIN ' is successful when less scientifically-made preparations of the drug fail. 'ERNUTIN' (Oral), and 'VAPOROLE' 'ERNUTIN' for hypodermic administration, are issued. (See also pages 167 and 234) TRADE 'TYRAMINE' MARK (Para-hydroxyphenylethylamine) An important active constituent of aqueous extracts of ergot. Given hypodermically or by the mouth, 'TYRAMINE' produces a marked rise of blood-pressure, with greatly increased vigour of the heart's action. It is indicated in shock or collapse, and is used to produce post-partum contraction of the uterus. PREPARATION Issued as 'TABLOID' Hypodermic 'TYRAMINE' (See also page 174) S 'TABLOID' BRAND BISMUTH GAUZE ' TABLOID ' BISMUTH GAUZE is a dressing which possesses all the valuable antiseptic and deodorant properties of iodoform gauze, but is entirely free from the disadvantages of that product. Its use howing form of packing ith one of the lengths of auze removed from its protective covering. Approx. one-half actual is confidently recommended in all cases where iodoform or similar gauzes are indicated. 'TABLOID' BISMUTH GAUZE is non-toxic and inodorous, and may be left in position for at least five days without becoming offensive. (See also page 163,) TKS 'VAPOROLE' BRAND AMMONIUM CHLORIDE INHALER Perfectly neutral vapour is ensured by means of precisely- adjusted charges of acid and ammonia in 'Vaporole' Brand hermetically-sealed containers. The vapour can be medicated with ' Pinol,' benzoin or other volatile medicament, by im- pregnating the sponge. The outfit goes into the pocket. (See also page 235 ) VAPOROLE' BRAND AROMATIC AMMONIA (For use as "SMELLING SALTS") The acme of compactness and portability. A useful adjunct to the physician's emergency outfit, and ideal for patients subject to fainting fits. Each dainty product possesses a charming fragrance and is as pungent and refreshing as a freshly - charged bottle of smelling salts. (See also page 234.) K E< KEPLER' SOLUTION (Of Cod Liver Oil in Malt Extract) Ready digestibility and supreme activity as an energiser and body-builder render ' KEPLER ' SOLUTION of inestimable value to members of strumous or phthisical families ; also in cases of gastric ulcer or gastric catarrh, infantile diarrhoea, and the dyspepsia and diarrhoea of phthisis. ' KEPLER ' SOLUTION is characterised by a rich nutty malt flavour, which is irresistible. As a galactogogue it takes a foremost place, increas- ing the supply of milk and improving the quality. It combines with milk to form a nutritious drink, and can be spread between biscuits and eaten as a sandwich. The following combinations are also supplied : ' KEPLER ' SOLUTION with Iron Iodide ,, Phosphorus (See also pages 174-176) Greatly reduced *J WELLCOME CHEMICAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES KING STREET, LONDON (ENGLAND) This INSTITUTION is conducted separately from the business of BURROUGHS WELLCOME & Co., and is under distinct direction, although in the Laboratories a large amount of important scientific work is carried out for the firm. AWARDS CONFERRED UPON THE WELLCOME CHEMICAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES AT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS ST. LOUIS ONE GRAND PRIZE 1904 THREE GOLD MEDALS LI EGE ONE GRAND PRIZE 1905 ONE DIPLOMA OF HONOUR TWO GOLD MEDALS ,,