/vvvv^/^*'^/vxA^
53
3? .-.;.
'- U,
M
^
T~
aSC*"
&WMw
V , fc.JVT>" , - V v w fc
m
H
r
2*>
/y
>
REV. WM. WILKINSON.
MEMORIALS
OF THE
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES
IN THE YEAR 1894
WITH
A CHAPTER ON THE FOREST FIRES IN WISCONSIN
IN THE SAME YEAR
By
REV. WILLIAM WILKINSON
Rector of St. Andrews Church, Minneapolis, and Former Chaplain of the
House of Representatives of Minnesota.
PUBLISHED BY
NORMAN E. WILKINSON,
1325 Girard Ave. No.
MINNEAPOLIS
1895
Crown-Litho Publishing Co Copyright. All Rights Reserved.
PREFACE.
The question with which a man has to do, who writes me-
morials of events, which are worthy to be had in remembrance, is one
of accuracy what really took place; when, where, how and what were
the results.
To depart from what is the strict truth is to do violence to history,
to invent, not narrate events, and the writer who descends to it finds
to his cost that "Fiction entices and deceives, and sprinkled o'er
her fragrant leaves, lies poisonous dew."
It is my aim in these memorials to set in order the suffering noblj
endured, the great losses sustained, and the prompt and generous
help given so freely by men in every walk of life, professors of all
religions and of none, saint and sinner, rich and poor alike. In the
doing of this, it is my hope to further the ends of Christian charity,
and the mutual regard man owes to his fellow man as being member?
of one common family, the children of one loving Father. In all
historic time the heoric men who have added glory to their age, have
been held in high esteem; for them anthems have been sung, monu-
ments raised, processions and gala days arranged; the sweetest poets
have sung their fame, and the loftiest prose has told their praise;
all this has not been, it is not now, for sentimental purposes; it ha?
a firm foundation, and serves a far reaching and useful purpose. I'
is by the recital of daring and unselfish deeds that high ideals art 1
kept before the public mind, that youth, in its ardor, in its desire
of achievement, may rise to the opportunities presented in all thei;
moral splendor, and thus renew the valor, and conquests their father?
won. It is one of the very first principles which conies into opera-
tion in the assimilation of ideas, that men grow like the patterns
they set before themselves. All the great writers on morals have
pointed this out ; every page- in books like Mr. Lecky's History of
European Morals, proves its truth, and never failing incidents.
Whatever ideals men have had they have sought some personifi-
1128119
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
GOVIRNOR KNUTE NELSON.
INTRODUCTORY.
MEMORIALS OP MIXXESOTA FOREST FIRES.
"O LORD, ho\v manifold are thv works! In wisdom hast thou made
them all ; the earth is full of thv riches." KING DAVID.
"The heavens are the Lord's, the earth with all things therein and
thereon, hath he given to the children of men. Everything in its
proper place is good. Nature and natural law know no mistakes.
Nothing exists but for wise purposes. It is man's duty to find
what those purposes are, and then obtain all the good he can from
them. The ancient seer probably wrote much better than he knew,
when he said of trees, "Their fruit shall be for meat, and their leaves
for medicine." In malarial countries, this has been proved true.
Since the time Adam and his wife were in the garden of Eden, trees,
woods and forests have been objects of study, admiration and known
usefulness. It is, however, doubtful whethe even our wisest and
most cultivated men know the most important things about them.
Many questions are engaging the closest attention of our most alert
thinkers, careful watch is being kept, notes taken and comparisons
made in different lands respecting the influence of trees on climate,
how they grow, and what all the purposes they serve in the economy
of nature are. It appears certain that historic man lived in the
midst of trees, amongst them he said prayers to his gods, offered
burnt sacrifices, from them he cut wood to make his bows and ar-
rows, so they helped him in killing wild animals, and from them,
ever since fire was known to savage man, he has taken fuel on which
to cook his food. It was in the secluded shelter of the trees he
found a hiding place from his enemy, and a refuge from the keen
storms of wind which swept over the open ground when all was
still in the woods. It was amongst the trees, he saw the birds and
heard them sing their songs of love, which, no doubt, filled his
breast with delight.
10 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
It is a delusion of self opinionated civilized men, that their rude
brethren take no pleasure in the refined aspects of life in the woods.
Long- before man knew how to make a microscope or a telescope,
he understood many mighty truths, stern experience had taught him,
both in joy and sorrow in the forest.
What had been learned in a general way, our
age, which demands exactness and clearness of state-
ment, has sought the reason for and placed
in words which, "He who runs may read." Amongst the great
industries of the world stands that of agriculture, the farmer and
the gardener must work that the clerk and philosopher may live.
The life of the world, so far as man is concerned, depends upon the
cultivation of the field. How important, then, it is that we all know
what helps and what hinders the growth of plants. A keen cold wind
retards, often stops growth, and shade from such wind increases
growth. Experiments have shown that a board fence, six feet high,
makes its presence for good felt six rods away. What influence,
then, must the mighty trees of the forest have in stopping strong
wind and in lifting it up from the earth, and also in preventing the
moisture that is in the ground from being too quickly evaporated
by the hot winds of summer. Perhaps they have powerful influ-
ences, in such winds, upon the earth itself.
The earth as a conductor of sound and of motion, is being in-
vestigated now with as much care by the seismologists as the heavr
ens are by the astronomers. The things these scientific men find out,
the lessons they learn, are not more surprising than the instruments
they make with which to record what is taking place. Waves are known
to spread in the ground. In a paper on recent science, by P. Kro-
potkin, published in the Century Magazine, and reproduced in Lit-
tell's Living Age, Jan. ipth, 1895, he says: "By means of a seismo-
metrograph at the Collegio Romona, in Rome Italy, it was pos-
sible to observe the earthquakes which took place in Greece, India,
and in Turkestan, and also to see three distinct waves, coming from
I he three distinct shocks in Japan. These waves had traveled a
long distance at a speed of 2,750 yards in a second, and yet were
visible in the tracings of the instrument. Wonderful as this is, it
is eclipsed by a new Bifilar pendulum, invented last year by Mr.
Horace Darwin. It will measure the disturbance of the earth's
surface, if it is only the one-thousandth part of an inch in a mile.
All this has opened a new world to scientific men, and they hope to
MIXXESOTA FOREST FIRES. 11
foretell the conditions under which earthquakes take place, just
as they have been, and are, able to tell when an explosion in a coal
mine is likely to come. It is in the light of instruments and facts
like these, and of the knowledge already gained, that trees of the for-
est, by causing vibrations in the earth may serve purposes, which are
as yet unknown. We are only just beginning to understand the
susceptibility of the earth to sound and to motion. Old theories
are being discarded, and the things Humboldt, the most learned
man of his time, taught in Cosmos, are now known to be inaccurate.
In the Royal Observatory, at Greenwich, it is well known that the
crowds which assemble in the town on a holiday, are reported to the
astronomers by the levels they use in their work, and this, though
the crowds are far away. Whlat man knows today about the ex-
quisite relations of cause and effect, and of the mechanism of the
universe, is not a speck, probably, in comparison with what he will
know.
In these western states of America, we are dependent upon the
Gulf of Mexico, the great lakes, and I think, also upon the Hudson
Bay for our rain. From these great waters there is constantly much
evaporation. The air above them becomes wet, it is blown by the
winds over our continent, and falls upon the ground in fruitful
showers. There are few question's more curious than are those con-
nected with the falling of rain. In some parts of the world, it is
never known to rain, in others it rains nearly every day, in others
at two seasons of the year. In England, the largest rainfall is in the
fall and winter; in Minnesota, we do not look for rain in winter,
we expect frost and snow, as the weather is so cold there is little
evaporation. In the spring and summer, when the weather is warm,
and as it grows hotter, we have rain and more rain. Xo arrange-
ment could be wiser than this, because of our hot climate. For more
than fifty years, the average rainfall in the months of June, July and
August has been ten inches. It takes one gallon of water to cover
two feet of ground one inch, so that on every two feet of ground,
ten gallons of rain falls in the three summer months of Minnesota.
Whatever is lacking of this tends to make a drouth. It is not alone,
however, the quantity of rain which falls, but how it falls, and what
are the conditions of the earth upon which it falls, that determine how
much of the water remains for use. Trees retard the water from
being taken too rapidly into the rivers, and so to the sea. While
the tree is lifting its branches to the sunlight, it is also sending its
]2 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
roots deep into the earth, and the fibers of these, in forests,
become one mass of intricate network, every part of which is
a sponge and also a hand. The wind rocks the trees on
the outer edges of these forests, and loosens the soil, but
the storm which rocks the trees without blowing them down, only
makes the roots take a firmer hold upon the earth, and at the
same time opens drains from the surface of the ground so that
when the next rain falls, it follows the course of the roots and thus
lets the water into the earth a depth it would not otherwise penetrate.
The earth thereby becomes full of water, and the tree in hot weather,
long after the surface of the ground has ceased to give much mois-
ture to the sun's hot rays, draws from the supply of water deep
in the earth, and thus evaporation is, even in the hottest days, con-
stantly going on. There seems to be no means of testing exactly
how much evaporation from a single tree is given, but that the
quantity is large, is well known. Competent authorities state that
over six acres of leaf surface is exposed to the heat of the sun by
some trees, in one summer. Any man who has tried to keep the
air in his room damp, by means of a pan of water placed upon the
stove, tries to do in a rude way what the trees do with great effective-
ness in the long, hot days of summer.
It is considerations like these, which make forest fires and forest
destruction so terrible. Those who have not given attention to
the subject, do not know what is involved. All forest countries suf-
fer by fires, and if we do not hear as much of the disaster, it is be-
cause, usually human life is not lost. In New Brunswick, in Octo-
ber,^ 1825, a fire occurred which laid 10,000 square miles waste. The
Maj.-Gen. Sir Howard Douglas, Bart, lieutenant governor of the
Province, speaks of it as follows :
FREDERICTON, October 17, 1825.
For some days previous to the 7th inst, the temperature of the
air and the state of the atmosphere, much charged with smoke, in-
dicated that fires of vast extent were raging in the woods, but no
serious apprehension seems to have been entertained on account of
the prevalence of conflagrations, which are so commonly put in ac-
tion to commence clearances in the forest.
On the day I have named, however, at about n o'clock in the fore-
noon an alarm was conveyed to the town, that the residence of the
commissioner of crown lands, about a mile and a half distant was
on fire. The garrison, and the greater part of the population ran
MIXXESOTA FOREST FfBES. 13
immediately thither, and succeeded in saving- Mr. Baillie's house
from the flames, which were spreading through the adjoining woods
with tremendous fury.
\Yhilst there, accounts were brought to me, that the town was
on fire, and before I could reach it, though mounted on a fleet
horse, the streets were in a blaze.
At that time it blew a gale of wind from the northwest, and how-
ever incredible it may have appeared, that the flames should
have been communicated to the town from the woods in the vi-
cinity, the sequel of this dispatch will show, from what has occurred
elsewhere, that there is every reason to believe such was the case.
The fire raged with a degree of fury which no exertions (and those
used were very great) could for a moment check, and the whole pop-
ulation abandoned their houses, making what efforts they could to
save their effects.
When the fire had consumed all that part of the town which lay
in the direction of the wind, it took a lateral course, threatening
the barracks and other buildings, which, had they taken fire, must
have led it to the total destruction of what has remained of the town
of Fredericton.
As evening advanced the woods, which had continued to burn
throughout the day, were now distinctly seen to be everywhere
burning, and vast clouds of smoke, rising in the distance, accom-
panied by extraordinary noises, as of furious explosions of flame,
and the fire reflected on the distant sky, portend-ed other calamities
which I no\v report.
On the very same day and about the hour when this place suffered
most, the town of Newcastle, 120 miles distant, together with all
the mercantile establishments on that bank of the Aliramichi river,
and some on the opposite side, were consumed by a violent torrent
of fire, which issued from the woods in the rear at about 9 o'clock
p. m. Thus the destructive element which was causing such devas-
tations in other parts of the Province, appears to have been
driven thither by the gale which was experienced here, but which
the mighty action of such extensive and rapid conflagration increased
as, it proceeded, to the most impetuous hurricane, and the very wide
range it has taken leads me to fear that we have much yet to learn
of its dreadful effects, when reports shall come in from the numer-
ous gangs of woodmen dispersed in the various parts of the forest.
At the same time that the flames and showers of burning embers
14 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
poured upon Newcastle, they reached the establishments similarly
placed upon the banks of the river, and otherc in the rear, and in
fifteen minutes all were consumed.
I wish I could report that life had been spared, but so violently
driven were the flames and embers from the blazing woods, well
prepared for the most active combustion by the longest season
of heat and drought ever known, that men, women and children in
great numbers have perished in the houses and in the woods, in exer-
tions to save property, or in attempts to save life ; and when driven
in terror to seek safety on the water, greater numbers still appear
to have suffered in attempts to cross the rivers in boats or in canoes,
on rafts or on logs of timber, which were alike incapable of resisting
the fury of the storm. Many vessels were at the same time cast on
shore, several set on fire, and three entirely consumed by the drift
of embers from the land.
The fatal effects of the awful calamity cannot yet be estimated.
Fredericton has lost about 80 habitations or stores, and property to
the value of at least $165,000. On the rivers Orounuctoo and Ron-
derjonish, tributaries of the St. John, several lives and many habi-
tations have been lost and destroyed, and some of these ravages ac-
companied by terrific circumstances. On the Miramichi river the
loss of life cannot, I fear, be estimated under 300 souls. Great
numbers of the destitute survivors had collected in the village of
Chatham for relief, and as so many of the provision stores of the
merchants had been consumed (the settlement depending almost
entirely upon imported food), severe apprehensions were entertained
of approaching famine. So soon as I learned this, I assembled His
Majesty's council to consider what measures it would be expedient
to adopt, and an agent has been sent to Quebec to purchase sup-
plies and to proceed with them to Miramichi."
This fire, so frightful in its results, left, as it appeared, the very
earth burned, yet, my friends, Mr. M. B. Turner and Mr. Harvey
Turner, of this city, whose father lived in the fire district of New Bruns-
wick, tells me that in thirty years, such are the reproductive and re-
cuperative forces at work in nature, large areas of forest trees were
growing with surprising vigor. The Middle, Western and North-
western states of America have had sad experiences of forest fires,
but as yet not much has been learned in a practical way.
One of the most terrible fires ever seen by civilized man in the
forests of America, was that at Peshtigo, in Wisconsin, in October,
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 15
1871, when millions of dollars \vorth of property were lost and more
than seven hundred persons burned to death. All the summer the
heat had been great, and the rainfall small. The pine was thick,
and dry slashings, dead timber, wind falls, lay upon the earth, which
was baked by the hot rays of the sun. The pools had in them
no water, the wells were dry, and the streams very low. No rain
had fallen for some time, the fires were in the forests, and when they
increased in volume, the hot air quickly ascended, a current was
caused, the wind rose, and the dire calamity followed which made
Peshtigo prominent in the annals of disaster.
In 1881, Michigan was the scene of terrible fires, which laid waste
four counties and killed 125 people. These fires, at the time, were
said to be the direct result of atmospheric conditions. This being
the case, the United States Signal Service authorities deemed it wise
and useful to send Sergeant Wm. O. Bailey, who had charge of the
station at Port Huron, to investigate the whole matter.
This he did, and in so doing went over all the burned district and
made a map of it, saw what the fire had done, marked the course it had
taken, asked questions of whoever could give him intelligent infor-
mation. All this was done under the instruction of Brig, and Bvt.
Maj. Gen. W. B. Hazen, whose report, published by authority of the
secretary of war, has been kindly furnished me by the present sec-
retary of agriculture. It is in many respects a model of what such
documents ought to be. From it, I learn that the fires which did
the damage, began their work of destruction Sept. 5th. There had
been fires for a long time, the newspapers had called attention to
their danger, little heed had been paid, and no effort to stop them
or get out of their way had been made by the settlers, until it was
too late for many, so $2,000,000 worth of property went into the
clouds in smoke. For weeks before the fire, the earth in many
places had cracked, the swamps were baked into hard clay, the heat
of the sun was hotter than it had 'been in that locality for years ; not
since the fires of Wisconsin, in 1871, had such weather been known.
All was ready for one terrific fire. It came, and history tells its story.
On Sept. 5th, the wind was strong enough to blow or break down
trees thirty feet high and eight inches through. It has been said
and it is believed by Sergeant Bailey, that in Huron, some distance
from the scene of the fires, the temperature was 99 degrees in the
shade at 7 a. m. It was a southeast wind which blew the flames into
Huron township. It appears that the winds which prevail in forest
10 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
fires generally come from the southwest. In forest states it should
be made a crime for men recklessly to start fires in hot seasons,
when no man can tell where they will stop. There are many reasons
for this. Our forests are being used up at an alarming rate. The
supply of timber is limited, and as our population is growing at a
rate which has increased the people five times in about sixty years,
the demand for lumber is in proportion. The need of care
and prudence in seeing that no waste by fire takes place which can
possibly be prevented is great.
Wet and dry periods appear to go in cycles covering 34 to 37
years, if we may take the statements of experts in countries where
weather reports have been longest and most accurately kept. We
appear, at the present time, to be in the dryer division. Why these
periods should be, man with all his wondrous capacity, is not able
to give a probable explanation. The earth and its affairs are con-
nected with other worlds, and larger knowledge would doubtless
put us in possession of facts needed to explain the mystery. The
great authorities on meteorological questions are of opinion, that the
day is coming when scientific knowledge aind discovery will en-
able them to foretell what the weather will be, with all the ac-
curacy with which they can now predict an eclipse of the moon.
The day of this achievement may be distant; it is, however, a well
defined hope in the minds of philosophers. When that day comes
the farmer will know what next year's crops, under given cultiva-
tion, will be. Meanwhile we have to read life's riddle and agricul-
tural and commercial duty in the light of past averages, and act
accordingly.
The following statement has been kindly prepared for me by my
friend, Mr. E. K. Smith, than whom no man in this state is more
competent. Its absolute accuracy is certified to by Mr. Edward A.
Beals, director of the state weather service.
Speaking in general of the drouth of 1894, the editor of the
August, 1894, Monthly Weather Review, published by authority
of the secretary of agriculture, says that, "From an agricultural
point of view, a drouth is not merely a deficiency of rainfall, but a
deficiency of water available for the use of the growing crops, wheth-
er grass, grain, fruit, or forest trees. As the water supply stored
up in the soil is often sufficient to tide the plant over a long inter-
val without rain, therefore the contents and nature of the soil are
important features. Again, as the dryness of the air, the velocity of
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 17
the wind and the temperature, are the principal factors in the evapor-
ation of water from the soil, as well as from the surface of the leaves,
these features must be considered. Thus a drouth affecting agricul-
ture is a complex result of many considerations. The drouths that
afreet the water supply of cities, navigatior of rivers, and irrigation,
depend upon a similar complexity of considerations, among which
is the direct influence of the consumption of water by the vegeta-
tion growing on the soil. Evidently, therefore, both from an agri-
cultural and engineering point of view, it is impracticable to define
the intensity of a drouth in general and exact terms. On the other
hand, from a purely meteorological point of view, the term drouth
is usually considered as referring only to the quantity and distribu-
tion of rainfall, omitting all consideration of the humidity of the
air, the amount of cloudiness, the strength of the wind, but taking
full account of the normal quantity and distribution of the rainfall
for the given locality. The great drouth of 1894 so far as concerns
agriculture, has been but the culmination of a long period of defi-
cient rainfall. The tables of accumulated precipitation published
monthly, show that the whole region in which the crops have suf-
fered during August, reports a steady and generally an increasing
deficiency in the accumulated rainfall since the first of January.
The drouth is, therefore, not merely the drouth of July and August,
but that of several months."
In the upper Mississippi Valley the accumulated deficiency of
rainfall at the close of the year 1893, was 44 inches. At the end
of August, 1894, the deficit had increased to 9.5 inches, or only 63
per cent, of the amount we should have received. The temperature
showing an excess, above the normal, of 2.7 degrees since January
ist, and during the month of August, 3.1 degrees."
In Minnesota the longest rainfall record is one kept at Fort Snell-
ing, beginning in July, 1836. A few years during the war, and just
previous to that period, the post was temporarily abandoned, and no
record kept. By combining this record with one taken at St. Paul
only a few miles distant, it is made practically continuous to date.
Its examination shows, that for this vicinity, the average yearly,
rainfall during the last 58 years amounts to 26.24 inches.
The spring rainfall (March, April and May) to 7.06 inches, and
the summer rainfall, (June, July and August) to 10.40 inches.
Referring to the conditions existing in the immediate location of
lg MINNESOTA fOREST FIRES.
the fires between St. Paul and Duluth, we find the local conditions
as follows:
THE SOIL.
The soil is rather light, and covered, originally, with heavy timber
of pine, spruce and hard woods, except in certain locations, con-
sisting of pine barrens, swamps or lakes. During the past 25 years
much of the timber has been cut off, leaving a large accumulation of
dead and down timber, stumps and brush, inflammable material.
RAINFALL.
The records of the weather bureau at St. Paul show a normal
rainfall for the period covered by the drouth, or from May 16 to
Sept. 10, of 13.61 inches. For the same period during 1894 the
records show a rainfall of but 2.20 inches, a deficiency of 11.41 inch-
es, or 84 per cent, of the normal, a rainfall per square acre of 59,738
gallons as against a normal of 369,565 gallons. During the time
in question, (nearly four months) no soaking rain, but a number of
light showers were reported, amounting in July to but 0.13 inch, and
0.36 inch in August, as against a normal of 2.99 and 2.98 inches for
the same months.
One inch of rain falling upon an area of one square mile is equiva-
lent to 2,323,200 cubic feet, or nearly 17,500,000 gallons, and this
quantity of water will weigh 145,200,000 pounds, or 72,600 tons.
TEMPERATURE.
The reports of temperature for the same period of time, show an
accumulated excess of 427 degrees, a daily excess of 4.2 degrees
above the normal. The mean temperature at St. Paul was the
highest ever recorded for July, and in July, 26 degrees, the highest
for at least 33 years.
HUMIDITY.
The relative humidity of the atmosphere is best shown in the fol-
lowing table for the years 1891-2-3-4, during the months of June,
July and August.
1891. 1892. 1893. 1894.
June. .. 77 per cent. 71 per cent. 64.3 per cent. 60.5 per cent.
July. ... 81 per cent. 70 per cent. 60.5 per cent. 48 percent.
Aug. ... 74 per cent. 72 per cent. 63.2 per cent. 59.6 per cent
Thus it will be seen that as compared with 1892 (in which vear
ic rainfall was somewhat above the normal) the year 1894 showed
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 19
a marked decrease of humidity for the time under consideration, and
as between the same months of 1891 and 1894, a steady and con-
tinuous loss of humidity from the air.
WINDS.
The winds both as to direction and velocity, show but little varia-
tion from the normal up to Sept. ist.
Evaporation is constantly adding moisture to the air from moist
surfaces of the earth, water and plants, the rate increases with the
increase of the temperature, and is highest at times of greatest heat
combined with the dryest air and strongest winds." During the
period under consideration, there was a combination of all the es-
sentials for the greatest evaporation except the winds, which until
Sept. ist, were not strong. These conditions, i. e., great lack of
rainfall, high temperature, dry air and light winds, were persistent
for a period of nearly four months, resulting in parched earth, crops
destroyed, vegetation of all kinds dried up and down
timber and brush but tinder ready for the match. Fires
had been started in August in various places throughout
the timber regions of Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, and
smouldered or sprung into life as the winds arose. Such was the
condition up to the ist day of September, which ushered in "High,
hot winds, that fanned the fires into fierce flames, themselves also
creating a strong upward draft, increasing with the increase of the
fierceness of the fires which caused such destruction of life and
property."
From all this it is very clear that for a considerable time terrible
fires in the forest parts of Minnesota had been not only possible,
but feared.
As early as July i6th the Minneapolis Tribune had a report from
Hinckley, which read as follows:
Fires in the Northwest Damage being done in the vicinity of Hinckley. Section
men get to work to fight the flames. Hundreds of tons of hay destroyed.
Hinckley, Minn., July 16. The forest fires in this vicinity con-
tinue, and along the lines of the Eastern Minnesota the property of
the country is threatened to such an extent that the section men are
all out fighting the flames. So far no reports have been received
of any damage to buildings, although ; n several instances the fires
have approached very closely, and have only been driven back after
hard fighting.
20 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Along the line of the St. Paul and Duluth, between this place and
Mission Creek, the next station south of here, there has been consid-
erable loss from the fires in the meadows, hundreds of tons of hay
having been destroyed. It has not yet been necessary for the com-
pany to take any steps to protect its property, as the fires have been
some distance from its right of way. Unless a heavy rain comes
soon there will be great loss sustained, as the fires are spreading
rapidly, and everything is as dry as tinder.
As we look back, in the light of our experience, we wonder, that
with such warning so little heed was paid to the imminent danger
the people were in, and by the facts one more illustration is given
of the old truth, thai men become so accustomed to great peril, that
it loses its terrors.
MISSION CREEK.
IVTOTHIKG in all the. history of the fire deserves observation bet-
r" ter than the conduct of the people who live at Mission Creek.
All had the good sense to follow their leader's advice, and to stay
in a piece of cleared ground upon which potatoes were being grown.
Around this little village much of the pine had been cut off. The
heat, consequently was not as intense as at some other parts of the
districts in the region where the fire burned, but death came very
near to every one of those who were at Mission Creek. As the
reader goes north, if by the St. Paul & Duluth line, at Mission
Creek he may see on the left hand side of the train a log house
a little way from the tracks. The potato ground was in front of
this hpuse, and to the left of it, that is, nearer White Bear. It
was on this land, perhaps two acres in area, that the persons named
below saved their lives. From that little log house they set out
to reach the train at the bridge, two miles and a half nearer Pine City,
and when they got to it were soon taken to a place of comfort in
Pine City. Thus these dwellers in this little nook of earth, who
every day did their share to build up their part of the state, helped
to make history. It is far more important to a nation to know
how the working people live, how they escape danger, who helps
them in time of trouble and loss, than it is to know about some
political intrigue. It is in scenes like and allied to those at Mis-
sion Creek that first day in autumn that all which is best in hu-
man action is called into full play.
A Resident of Mission Creek writes:
Dear Sir: Your letter of the i6th to Mr. Markham has been
handed to me by him to answer. It was my intention to call on
you and report personally about the fire, but have had sickness
in my family and could not do so as yet, but will give you the
information you ask herewith.
21
22
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 23
Mission Creek was a small saw mill town owned by Laird &
Boyle, who also owned general store, hotel and saw mill, black-
smith shop, etc. The saw mill had shut down about a month be-
fore the fire and a great many of the people went to Dakota harv-
esting.
At that time there were seventy-three people here who were work-
ing on their lands near town. They had been fighting the local
fire for a month before the fatal day, trying to save what hay and
wood, etc., they had put -up on their places. At noon September
first, they became more or less uneasy, as great clouds of smoke
could be seen in the southwest. By two o'clock the wind became
a hurricane and at three o'clock it was almost as dark as night.
The people all came to the store wanting Mr. Boyle to telegraph
for a train to take them away. By this time the whole place was
a-fire and Mr. Boyle ordered everyone to the potato patch, which
was in the rear of the store, and at the same time gave his men
orders to take a couple of barrels of water along which were
standing on a wagon.
Some wanted to start to Hinckley, and did so, but only went a
few rods and then returned to the potato patch, where we lay fully
two hours with our faces to the ground, until the worst was over.
The heat was intense and the children were all crying from the heat
and ashes which nearly blinded us. After the worst was over, Mr.
H. S. Rice counted up our crowd and found one short and we
turned out to hunt for him in the field. He (Mr. Hamilton) was
found all by himself a few rods from the rest of us all right, and
in looking for him, we found the log house which we could not
see before for the smoke and ashes. At six o'clock we got the
women and children to this house and the men watched the out-
side, fearing sparks would set fire to it. The women and children
got their faces washed and felt relieved that the worst was over.
Several deer were seen running around us for shelter and one
large one got caught on a wire fence and some of the men brought
it over to the only house on the place. We dressed and cooked it
and dug up some potatoes and roasted them and partook of sup-
per about 8 .-30.
About this time Andrew Nelson, who came from Pine City on
foot, going to Hinckley, informed us a train was at the bridge
about two and one half miles south of us, repairing the bridge
which was burned, and would reach us probably about eleven o'clock.
24 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
He went to Hinckley where his family lives. Mr. Boyle told him
to have Mr. Young, agent at Hinckley, send the train down for us,
stating the condition we were in. Little did we then think that
Hinckley had met its doom as we heard later on. Our crowd
walked over the burnt ties until we reached the work train, which
took us to Pine City. Everybody lost all they had, except that a
few saved a little wearing apparel which they had in satchels.
The village contained twenty-six houses, one store, one hotel, a
mill, a blacksmith shop and school house. There were thirty-eight
head of stock burned. Laird & Boyle lost twenty-two oxen and
four horses. Other stock was burned belonging to farmers.
All of our people have gone back on their lands and are get-
ting along as well as can be expected.
Peter Xyberg and Gust Johnson were a mile east of town in the
hay meadow, watching the hay from the fire when a big fire struck
them. They lay in the creek until the worst was over and then
came in Sunday morning, and were horrified to find our little place
completely cleared out and not a person to be found in the town.
Our people are thankful to think they did not meet the same fate
as our neighbors north, even if they did lose all their worldly
effects. Yours truly,
ED. J. BOYLE.
BROOK PARK.
A T the time of the fire this place was called on railroad maps
Pokegama; but the post office was Brook Park, and the
Great Northern road has since changed its name so as to make
it the same as the post office.
Here, at the time of the disaster, was a thriving community of
happy people. They were away from the noise, strife and vice of
large towns, and in every day affairs knew and cared nothing
about the style, emulation and deceit of much that is known as
society. For them the clear brook ran its silvery course through
the woods, the birds sang glad songs of love, the cows roamed at
will and enjoyed themselves as well behaved kine should. The
rising sun dispelled the darkness and the silent moon spread its rays
o'er all the landscape. The whole scene was such as brought joy
to the hearts of men and women who had no ambitions except to
do their daily duty, and make an honest and comfortable living.
The boys and girls happy children of nature in the spring
and summer time plucked flowers and fruits, went to school, and
said their prayers, never dreaming of the world outside their en-
chanted groves. This spot was to their young hearts a paradise
a very gate of heaven.
The winter brought to them its stern, but not sad realities; the
treasures of the snow gave peculiar opportunities for enjoyment,
which they were quick to take advantage of. Thus the charmed
years passed, full of pleasure, full of work and of play, of prayer
praise and service.
Brook Park had no police court, needed no jail, no saloon; not
one of the abominations known in modern crowded city life in con-
nection with the tenement houses, crowded, narrow thoroughfares,
squalor, rags and dirt.
Enough to eat, drink and wear, a good school, plenty of work,
and all things necessary for life and godliness. Here each and
every public improvement was the concern of every one, and all
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 27
desired to see everything possible done to advance the public in-
terests and the general good.
When the foundations of the new school house were laid, it was
a high day; and when a thousand dollars had been spent upon it,
and it stood on the day of the fire complete, and was that very
day accepted from the hands of its builders, it was the pride of the
place. In less than one hour it was gone; the fire had consumed
it!
Air. Berg was postmaster, Mr. Xelson was section foreman on
the Eastern Division of the Great Northern railroad. Dr. Kelsey
was medical practitioner, and represented the Kelsey-Markham Land
Company, in which are four partners: Dr. Kelsey's brother, who
is a banker at Kenyon, Minnesota, the doctor himself, J. D. Mark-
ham and his brother George, both of whom reside at Rush City.
These men own fifteen thousand acres of land at and near Brook
Tark.
The firm of Seymour and Baty had a saw mill, which would cut
thirty thousand feet of lumber a day.
Mr. Carver and wife kept the boarding house. It is said that
Mrs. Carver was a model in neat housekeeping and good cooking.
Among the settlers were Mr. Joseph Frame and his wife typical
westerners with their family of six sons. This family have a taste
for music, and amongst its household treasures was a violin, which
Joseph made do duty often at home to the delight of the boys, and
in the evenings he made it discourse sweet music for the pleasure
of his neighbors. This violin was a general happiness dispenser,
and great indeed was Mr. Frame's sorrow when he found that it
was turned to ashes, while he had not a cent in all the wide world
with which to buy another. He said: "There is nothing I have
lost I so much regret as my fiddle. It was my daily companion
many years. I feel lost without it.''
I told this story to my good friend, Mr. Dyer, music dealer in
Minneapolis, who promptly gave me a new violin for Mr. Frame.
I wonder if ever a violin in the world produced such pleasure in
the heart of man as this did in the mind of him who received it!
It is almost certain that the first musical instrument taken into the
burned district after the fire was this violin.
In the fire, Mrs. Frame had a thrilling experience. She was away
from her home with her family and a neighbor, Mrs. W. W. Bra-
man, picking cranberries in a marsh. Her husband left them, think-
95 MINNESOTA FOREST FIXES.
ing them safe, to go and look after his hay. Alas! the fire came
in a way, and at a time they looked not for it! They took refuge
in a creek and by prudence and courage all escaped with their lives;
but it was a miracle, almost, that they did so.
Mr. Frame escaped by staying on a piece of land which had been
burned over before. They saved a team; all they owned beside
was lost.
\Yhen the fire had passed, they stood but thinly clad, in all the
garments they possessed.
In this, however, they were as well off as any of their neighbors,
for all had suffered like and many greater ills.
There were twenty-three dead; and those who were living were scat-
tered.
Dr. Kelsey was severely burned, so was Joseph Gonyea, who was
taken to the St. Raphael hospital in St. Cloud, where he had to
remain a long time.
There were two box cars on the railway tracks which had es-
caped the violence of the fire. Into these the settlers gathered, till
help came, which soon reached them.
The St. Cloud people, when they knew of the disaster, began to
relieve the suffering. They sent out a train on Sunday the second
of September, which reached Brook Park, and took the many suf-
ferers to Mora, where the Methodist Episcopal church had been
made into a hospital. On Mcnda\ they sent a special train to
Brook Park, which took large quantities of useful things. For
this and other generous deeds of love, the St. Cloud people de-
serve high praise. The names of the persons who went en this
train are in the report of the work done by the people of St. Cloud.
The good people of Mora, also, must not be left without due and
ample recognition for their noble help, led by the Rev. Mr. Thom-
son, Methodist Episcopal minister. They behaved as men and
brothers should. Verily they will have their reward.
To the people of Mora and St. Cloud belongs the credit of
being the first on the ground to render assistance to the afflicted at
Brook Park.
A report of the work done by them is given in this book.
While this was being done from the south side of the fire at
Brook Park, earnest souls at the north side did not sit down with
folded hands. Rather they designed noble plans to get to their
fellows, whether they were living or dead.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 29
On the Monday night at Hinckley in the railway yards, piles cf
wheat were burning, and the ties under the rails blazed. All the
landscape for miles was clouded with smoke. A party of gentle-
men, headed by J. D. Markham, on Monday, September third, pro-
cured a hand car, at Hinckley, and loaded it with two army tents,
thirty pairs of blankets, food of various kinds, axes and several
shovels, a flour barrel full of useful things, and, like men who have
set their hearts to face any danger, determined to reach Brook Park
that night. The names of these gentlemen are: J. D. Markham,
Dr. H. B. Allen of Cloquet, Dr. C. W. Higgins, Minneapolis, B. J.
Kelsey of Kenyon, Alexander Berg, W. W. Braman of Brook
Brook Park, Mr. Thomson, Xew Brighton, Minnesota, Rev. Mr.
Fosbroke, Protestant Episcopal minister at Sunrise, Minnesota, and
the writer. Around this car at its start stood many well known
men to wish the party good speed, amongst whom were Senator
McMillan, Dr. Kilvington, Dr. Nippert, Dr. Fitzgerald and Alder-
man Gray, all of Minneapolis. All these men I knew, but did
not know any of the many others from different parts of the state.
We had two lanterns and set out, little knowing the difficulties
and dangers ahead. The car was so crowded that I had to sit
on the top of blankets piled up on the barrel.
Dr. Higgins and Dr. Allen sat in front of the car, each with a
lantern, and filled the office of watchmen. Even' man kept his ears
open and his mouth closed. It was not a time or place for idle
talk.
As the darkness gathered, far as the eye could reach, the blaz-
ing stumps of pine lighted up the distant scene, and gave to it an
air of peculiar beauty. But we were not on the lookout for grand
scenes, or picturesqueness. All felt the sadness of the hour, and
the importance of our mission.
We had not 'gone far when rang into the silent air: "Stop! rails
spread!" On went the brake like a flash, and every man had to
get off the car, and by much trouble the damaged rails were passed,
and again we went on our way; and soon "Burned culvert," was
the cry; and we not only had to get off the car, but to unload it
and carry the goods over, as well as the car. Not a man shirked his
share of the work. Every one took hold with a will. Few words
well ordered action, and in the course of half an hour all was ready
to proceed.
Xovv, it was needful to have some one walk ahead with a lantern.
30
MIXXESOTA FOREST FIRES.
DR. KELSEY, BROOK PARK. ALDERMAN DE LEO, ST. CLOUD.
RELICS FROM THE FIRE.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 31
All offered to do this. Dr. Higgins took his first turn. The rails
were terribly warped, and in many places the atmosphere was sti-
fling, a peculiar thing being, that the density of the smoke in the
air was like streaks of fat and lean in bacon new dense, then clear.
At last we came to a place where nature and destiny appeared to
say: "Gentlemen, so far you may come; farther you shall not,
with that hand car, go!" The culvert if it could be called one
I should call it a bridge, was long and high. In the bottom was
burning earth. One said: 'This is a terror! We shall find it
hard to get over this place even a-foot!" In the hour last passed
quite a little wind had begun to blow, and the whole surrounding
country was like a fairy creation; flames of all sizes, and burning
embers of all kinds could be seen. The moment the peat was
reached and a man's foot placed upon it, the danger was manifest.
We held a short council of war. One gentleman said: "There is
not more than two or three yards of smoldering fire between us and
firm ground. The shovels we brought are made for such a time
as this." In a trice those shovels were throwing the burning earth
to the winds. W T e carried all the blankets over the path thus made;
the tents and all our food also; then took in hand the car. It ran
down the slope, I thought, beautifully. At the bottom it came to
a sudden stop, and so did those who had to carry it up, often before
they got it to the top. It seemed to weigh a ton ; the hill was very
steep, the ground very hot, and the air full of hot, flying ashes.
Resolution never failed; at last the railway track was reached and
all were thankful.
The journey was continued, and we reached the burned bridge at
Brook Park after twelve o'clock, so it was, in fact, Tuesday morn-
ing when we got there. We had to leave the car at this place and
go on foot up the line. \Ve found the two cars and the people
who had been through the fire, and also the St. Cloud working men.
It was a time of joy. Dr. Kelsey, who was reported dead, was alive,
but had a burned face and sore eyes. We distributed the blankets,
which the people needed, said our prayers and lay down on the
floor of a box car till five o'clock, when we all got up.
There was no stove or fireplace nearer than Mora, eight miles
away; but the people of St. Cloud had thoughtfully brought kettles
and frying pans, knives, forks and spoons, bread, coffee, tea, con-
densed Swiss milk, eggs, bacon, beef and other things. We had
no table. We made a fire in the open air and prepared breakfast.
32 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
There was little style at Brook Park during the first week of Sep-
tember, but what was lacking in style was madt up in appetite;
and there was plenty of good living and good fellowship.
On that day and the next we found seventeen dead. In several
cases we had to carry heavy wooden boxes long distances in which
to put the dead.
The settlers, the St. Cloud men, the party who came on the hand
car and Mr. Barnes, a divinity student, who preached at Milaca,
all did their best. Not one of the dead had a vestige of clothing
upon them; all were sadly disfigured. Many could not be recog-
nized, except by circumstantial evidence. Twenty-three are known
to be dead. I saw the bodies of nineteen, only one of which I
could have identified, no matter how well I had known the departed.
All the dead buried at Brook Park that were found were placed
in graves on Mplander's farm. Several bodies were sent away for
burial.
The Rev. Mr. Fosbroke read a part of the service at several of
the funerals. I took charge of the funerals in so far as the church
service was concerned, and gave an address at each and all. Over
each grave was placed a cross made of wood, and upon it was
written the nine of the dead who rests beneath.
On Tuesday, September fourth, in the morning search for the
d"ead, we passed twenty-nine dead cows, oxen and horses. These
were later burned under piles of charred pine, gathered from the
course of the fire. One of the latest bodies found was that of Mr.
Jaw W. Braman, who was twenty-seven years old, and \vas at the
time of the fire with his father hauling hay. They were driving to
Brook Park from north of the town, when the father said: "The
fire is upon us ; the hay will soon be ablaze. Let us leave the horses
and wagon, and escape for our lives!" he son replied: "Father,
you go; I can make a place of safety; you look out for yourself.''
Vain hope! Mr. Braman made for the pool of water in the
shadow of the railway embankment, near the bridge, where more
than thirty people were saved. See photograph.
On Wednesday, September fifth, I was out with a searching party.
We found the tires of the burned wagon, part of the harness, rem-
nants of the team driven by the Bramans on their ill fated journey,;
not far from these the charred bodies of the two horses, burned al-
most past recognition ; and near, the young man lay in the stillness
of death. He had evidently unhitched the horses to give them a
MINNESOTA FOREST F[RES. 33
chance for their lives, and in doing this had stayed too long and
sacrificed his own life, lie was the only son of his mother, a good
young man, her comfort and hope. His body was that day buried
on F. Molander's farm. I read the service of the book of com-
mon prayer over it, gave an address, and marked the spot with a
wooden cross inscribed with his name. Later his remains were
removed to the new burial ground in the cemetery. I was pres-
ent at the re-interment. This was the first body placed in God's
acre at Brook Park. When this funeral took place, the sun was
shining, the settlers stood around all sad at this death, sad at the
knowledge of their own great losses, and desolate prospects. Will-
ing hands had dug this grave; around it stood Airs. Nelson and her
family, the Kelseys, the Wards, the Frames, Air. Racine, the John-
sons, John Powers, who had distinguished himself at a time when
all men and women had done their very best. No work was too
disagreeable or too difficult for John. He had put bodies long
dead into coffins; helped to dig graves and had done all love could
prompt a man to do.
Thte burial scene was one to captivate the mind of an artist, who
desires to portray love and service, life and death in their verv best
forms.
On this day, October seventeenth, Fred Molander was found in
a well, but in such a state that those who knew him in life knew him
just as well in death. This well was thought to be empty, at the
time of the fire, and when looked into from the top, appeared to be
covered with cinders and ashes and to contain nothing more. When
Frank Lepingarver.went to rebuild on his land, which is near that
upon which Fred Molander resided, and went down into Molan-
der's well to clean it out, to his surprise he found six feet of water,
and the body of Molander. He quickly came to the top and re-
ported the facts.
Dr. Kelsey, W. W. Braman, John Powers, David Frame and
others went to the well, taking a box which had been made by the
St. Cloud men, and left to use in the event of finding any more
dead. Dr. Kelsey descended the well, fastened a rope about the
body, by which it was lifted to the surface, where it was reverently
placed in the box, conveyed to the grave left vacant by the removal
of Jay Braman's remains, and buried there. I was present here also,
read the church service and gave an address. This was the last
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
VANDERLUCE, NEWS AGENT, ST. CLOUD.
NORMAN E. WILKINSON.
NORTH AIINNESOTA BEFORE THE FIRE.
MINNESOTA FOREST F[RES. 35
body found. Fred Molander rests in his own inheritance ;that is to
say, in the land upon which lie lived.
He had been in the well from September first until October sev-
enteenth following, being the same date upon which the re-inter-
ment of Jay Braman took place.
At Brook Park, there were many striking scenes at the time of
the fire, and many wonderful escapes. The fire came from Quagma,
and began at the north end of the railway switch at that place;
coming north to Brook Park, it swept away in its hot flames every-
thing burnable in its path.
The people made as quickly as possible for places they thought
would hide them from the storm.
C. W. Kelsey and his wife, author of "The September Holocaust,"
and their children got into a well. They had a blanket which they
kept wet Mrs. Kelsey is a God fearing woman, and an old fash-
ioned believer in Providence. Mr. Kelsey stood on a ladder in the
well. They could hear the roar of the fire; the smoke was dense,
and they knew the destruction raging all around, and that if spared
at all, all they would have left would be their family. The child-
ren cried; their mother comforted them with: "Don't cry, Earl,
God will take care of us!" And so He did. "Madie, what is the
matter? Don't faint; you will fall into the water! Allen, give
your sister a drink." The little boy Earl began to talk in his child-
ish way: "We will go to hebben," said he. Mr. Kelsey replied,
"We must pray to God to save us; our house is on fire."
The heat was nearly unbearable, but the water in the well helped
them to endure it. The wind took the flames from the house away
from the well.
The mother said: "Let us sing." And the two older children
joined their mother in singing sweetly,
"Jesus loves me; He who died
Heaven's gate to open wide;
He will wash away my sin;
Let His little child come in."
Could anything be more beautiful than this? It was from this
well which had become holy ground, that this family came, only to
witness such desolation as few people ever beheld.
It was now that the work of reconstruction had to begin in earn-
est. The living cannot forever dwell upon the dead; life hath its
active duties, which no disaster can put an end to, and the dwel-
3Q MIN.\ESOTA FOREST FIRES.
lers at Brook Park looked those duties fairly in the face. They
examined the damage done by the fire, and asked, "What can we
do and how can we best do it, to repair the loss?" The many
friends of the residents came with words of cheer and generous
deeds of help from Stillwater, sent words which brought joy to the
hearts of the settlers, and substantial aid also. From Airs. W. C.
Kelsey's brother, Dr. Allen, in Cloquet, came men and material
to build for her a new house, much better than the one burned.
This he gave them with a most cheerful will. The state commis-
sion oCiered to help the settlers to a new start. They placed Xor-
man E. Wilkinson in charge as their representative. Careful in-
quiry was made into every man's loss, and present need. The Kel-
sey, Markham Company gave to each man, for whom the state
commission built a house, two acres of land, so that every family
stands in the position of having a good house and a garden, all
free from debt, and the land adjoining it in such a state that as
much can be cleared this year as could have been cleared in four,
before the fire.
Many persons sent help in various ways, which did not go through
the hands of the state relief commission. Air. George D. Turner,
of Minneapolis, who was for years engaged in the lumber trade on
Kettle river, sent a car which contained many tools and things used
in farming, to Brook Park. In this way and by the skill of ex-
perienced heads and the deftness of willing hands the conditions
in eight months since the fire have been rapidly changed and all
are full of confidence and zeal. There are many who think that ex-
cept for the sacrifice of life, that which at first looked so awful and
such a terrible calamity, will be a means of stimulating the progress
and growth of Pine county, in which Brook Park is located, by
leaps and bounds.
What DR. C. A. KELSEY says:
The first settler went to Brook Park in 1893. Amongst them
William Thomson, James Riley, James Smith, Joseph Coblin.
When I went to live there in June of 1894, there were one hundred
and thirty-five persons in the settlement. All through the month of
August these fires had burned south and west of us. On the day
of the great fire the wind blew a gale from the southwest acid swept
the fire, which seemed formed in a line about three miles long, over
the town. The buildings in Brook Pa r k at this time, belonged to
Messrs. Rafel, Johnson, Supero, Missel, Hans Nelson, A. Berg
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 37
(store building), a boarding house owned by Bousher and Racine,
Ward, Thompson, Collier, Anderson, Raymond, C. \V. Kelsey,
Whitney, Goodsell, C. H. Ward, W. W. Brenman and myself. The
fire came from the southwest and proceeded toward Hinckley, and
I suppose it was the same fire that burned Hinckley and that coun-
try, for it was about two o'clock when it reached us, and it struck
Hinckley about four, giving it time to travel about that distance.
It would be interesting to call attention to the fact that on a clear
day a fire that is a long distance off appears to be very near. When
the fires first began, they were burning all around the country. I
was greatly alarmed one day by a fire which appeared to be very
near us, but upon investigation proved to be about six miles away.
The day of the great fire the atmosphere was filled with smoke, but;
none were aware of their danger until it was upon them. The
question among the people was "Is there danger?" One was run-
ning to the other asking, "Where is the fire?" and no one seemed,
to be able to answer the question. The people gathered together
near the Pokegama creek. My own family, a short time before the
fire, was scattered, one little boy having gone to the store and an-
other unloading lath; but a few minutes before the fire came, we
were altogether in our home. Mrs. Kelsey's first impression was
to go to the boarding house to see if there was danger, but after
leaving the house she went up through the garden toward the mill.
This proved providential, for had she gone by the school house,
she would probably have been in danger, for it was bursting into
flames by the time she would have been near it. Upon reaching
the railroad she first thought that the greatest safety would be to
go down the railroad track. Some influence changed this impres-
sion and she turned and went toward the mill and arrived on the
banks of the creek just in time to save herself and the children by
getting into the water, where she found the majority of the neigh-
bors. They were in a small pond near the railroad bridge.
The fire swept in through the old logging dam, setting fire to a
pile of edgings which had been dumped over a steep bank by the
mill company. This made an intense heat which drove them to
the opposite side of the pond, a distance of about 100 feet. The
next great heat came from the burning section house and lumber
yard, to the east of them. When this in a measure had subsided
the railroad bridge took fire. This increased their danger, for had
it fallen toward the people, it would have placed them in great peril.
38 MINNESOTA IOREST FIRES.
They moved as far away as they could and watched the burning
structure, which fortunately did not fall toward them. This little
pond was about fifteen feet deep in the center, allowing- only the
edges to be used by the people, and the danger was increasd by
getting beyond their depth in the water. The people huddled togeth-
er, giving such assistance to each other as neighbors could under
the circumstances, throwing water upon each other and assisting in
care of the children. The heat was so intense they were obliged
to stand in the water and barely leave their mouths and noses ex-
posed so as to breathe, and were obliged to keep their heads con-
stantly wet.
Among others was Mrs. Collier, whose baby was only three weeks
old. The little one came through bravely, and seemed as happy
after the experience as though nothing had happenede.
The people were kept in this pond by the heat from two until
six o'clock in the afternoon.
By six o'clock Mr. Ward had explored up the track and found
two box cars, untouched by the fire, that had been left that after-
noon. One was loaded with brick and the other with lath. They
were directly opposite a piece of land whach had been burned clear,
and so nothing was left upon it to be burned and they thus es-
caped. A part of our people went immediately to these cars for
shelter. Quite a number of people were in these cars for two
nights, without any change of clothing after coming out of the water.
Our breakfast Sunday morning after the fire, consisted of boiled
potatoes without any salt, and roasted eggs which were found where
two cases had been unloaded the day of the fire. The boxes were
burned and some of the eggs, but some in the inside were nicely
roasted.
Sunday afternoon the good people of Mora came to us upon two
hand cars. They immediately returned bringing to us a supply of
food, but they were unable to bring bedding, so that the second
night was spent without bedding, and the people slept upon piles
of lath or brick.
Monday afternoon the relief train from St. Cloud reached us,
bringing a supply of food sufficient to satisfy all our wants, and a
train load of kind hearted people who were anxious and glad to do
all in their power to add to our relief.
Monday night a party consisting of Rev. Wilkinson, of Minne-
apolis, B. J. Kelsey, from Kenyon, Dr. C. W. Higgins, from Minne-
M1X2TESOFA. FOREST FIRES. 39
apolis, Dr. Allen, from Cloquet, and J. D. Markham reached us on
a hand car, by way of Hinckley, after exposing themselves to great
danger of being dashed to pieces by being precipitated into some of
the creeks where the bridges were burned, in the darkness of the
night, and after carrying their hand car and its contents around these
burned bridges, in some instances being obliged to shovel the burn-
ing earth to make a path through. They brought with them a
supply of blankets, the first we had received, medicines, bandages,
food and tools, and still more, kind hearts and willing hands to as-
sist us. Rev. Wilkinson remained with us after the remainder of
the party had returned to their homes, helping us to find our dead,
pronouncing burial services, and with his own hands assisted us in
burning up stock which had perished and was endangering our
health, and in many other ways working heroically while offering us
kind words of encouragement and sympathy.
Immediately after the fire nearly half of our settlers took the first
train and their departure. This removed from us all of the timid
ones and left with us a band with bravery and courage to stay and
continue the development of our villages. They have all been
enabled to remain through the kind assistance so nobly rendered by
voluntary subscriptions, and the state assistance granted through
the legislature, and wisely expended by able business men, who were
willing to neglect their own business to superintend the disposal
of the fund placed in their hand for our relief.
The terrible loss of our friends and neighbors, (twenty-three per-
ished), can never be repaired. The destruction of timber was great,
but the service rendered by the clearing of the land will result in a
benefit in future development into a farming country, which will
fully repay all financial losses. Since the fire twenty-four different
families have purchased land, and have arranged or are arranging
to make Brook Park their future home. The work of clearing up
and making farms is progressing at a rapidity that surprises us.
Some farmers will be able to put in forty acres of crops this year,
providing the seed can be obtained. Our homes have been rebuilt,
a school house erected, in which we are now having school, a Sun-
day school organized; and our ladies have gone to work to raise
funds for the first payment on an organ which is now being used
for the Sunday school and day school.
Our present settlement is one in which we take great pride, be-
ing composed of intelligent and energetic people. While laying
MINNESOTA FOREST FIXES.
J D. MARKHAM, EROOK PARK.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 41
foundations for future prosperity, our numbers are being- augmented
constantly and the quality of the land, being 1 a rich clay loam, na-
turally adapted to successful growth of all tame grass, and all crops
usually raised in this latitude, and the reasonable price of land and
favorable terms given by the land company of Kelsey & Markham,
continue to bring rapidly, continuous additions to the settlement.
Steps have been taken for the organization of a Baptist church, there
being thirteen members now on the ground. Other religious de-
nominations are well represented, but we all join heartily and pleas-
antly in the support of a union Sunday school. Thus we are work-
ing together, endeavoring to help each other in eVery way. I be-
lieve that the future development of the country will demonstrate
that the expenditures made by the state in the way of furnishing
seed and assistance to this farming community are wisely placed and
will bring returns in the way of an increase of taxable property.
Mrs. Joseph Frame, her six children and husband and Mrs. W.
AT. Branman, were about three miles northwest, gathering cranber-
ries at the time of the fire. The husband, becoming alarmed at the
dense smoke for the safety of his hay which was in that vicinity,
remained to care for it, while Mrs. Frame and her six children and
Mrs. Branman started to return to the village. They were cut off
by the fire, about a mile from the village, and took refuge first in
an old cellar but the heat and smoke soon drove them from this,
and they saved their lives by reaching the creek, which was near.
The two ladies and six children spent the night in the creek, with
only one blanket as protection, reaching the village the next morn-
ing. We were greatly alarmed for the safety of Mr. Frame, who
had not yet returned, but our suspense was relieved by his reaching
us the next Sunday after the fire. He had saved his life by get-
ting on a piece of ground which had previously been burned over.
The two room school house which had been accepted the day of
the fire, was burned. It cost $1,000.
In the village was a saw mill, owned by Baty & Semour, which
had been erected in the spring. It cut 25,000 feet of lumber a day,
purchasing the logs from the settlers.
The postmaster was Mr. Berg, who kept a store.
Mr. Hans Xelson, who lived here near the railroad track, was
section master on the Great Northern line, and had four children.
He lost his home and everything he had except his family.
Mr. Raymond, wife and three children; Chas. Anderson, wife and
42 MINNESOTA FOREST FIXES.
three children; Fred Molander, wife and two children and the wife's
brother and sister, were all found dead.
The fire started three miles southwest of Brook Park.
John Powers, William Thompson and Frank Lepengarver were
about two miles south, cutting hay. They saved their lives by get-
ting in the center of the meadow, back firing and covering them-
selves with wet horse blankets. Mr. Powers heroically declined to
turn his horses loose and saved them also, by covering 'heir heads
with wet blankets. After the intense heat had subsided Mr. Powers
groped his way through the smoke about five rods to the creek for a
pail of water; when coming up from the bank, he put his bdtid, in
the darkness and the smoke, upon a deer, which, instead of fleeing
from him with fear, followed him to the center of the meadow and
stayed some little time near them.
Mr. John Gonya, Joe Chipris, and M. C. Anderson were with me
a mile and a half northwest of the village, endeavoring to save
Chas. Collier's building. We felt safe from the fact that there was
a large potato patch south of the house, in which we could take
refuge if the house burned, but when the fire reached us, the heat
was so great that it drove us immediately to the sheltering side of
the house, and to our dismay the entire house immediately burst into
flames. We jumped into tubs of water, filled our shoes, wet our
clothing, and made a dash, during the first ten rods of which, the
heat was so intense that it seemed almost impossible for us to
breathe and live to get through it. From this rime on the heat
and smoke continued to be almost unbearable. The road led
through green tamaracks, which we felt certain would not burn,
but upon reaching them, we found to our horror that they were in
flames. Trees had fallen across our road, through the burning tops
of which we were obliged to clamber as fast as we could. While
in the midst of this, we became so exhausted we had to lie down,
burying our faces in our hands, close to the ground in the water
to breathe. Soon after starting from our rest, I fell and was passed
by Mr. Anderson and Mr. Gonya, who I insisted should go on and
save themselves, leaving Joe Chipris and myself. After resting and
proceeding a short distance farther, Mr. Chipris became so .xhaust-
ed he could not go on, but by words of encouragement, he continued
for a short distance, and then insisted he could not go another step.
I gave him my hand, saying \ve would stay together and that \ve
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 43
would yet come out all right, as we were nearly through with the
smoke, and I felt certain that upon reaching the green mead )w, a
short distance ahead, we could lie down and get our breath. As
we emerged from the smoke on to the meadow, we could see noth-
ing but smoke and flames burning as far as the eye could see. Feel-
ing it would be impossible for us to save ourselves by continuing in
that direction we turned at a right angle to the west, and reached
the creek, where we dropped down and found to our intense relief
that the heat and smoke was not so overpowering but that we could
breathe. We remained in the creek bed until nearly night, and
reached the village about half past ten, yet found no village there,
but our families saved in the box cars before mentioned. Messrs.
Gonya and Collier made the run of a mile and a half through a
continuous line of fire, but were terribly burned, Mr. Gonya being
in the St. Cloud hospital several months before he was able to walk,
owing to the dreadful burns on his feet. When near the pond they
became separated. Mr. Gonya saved himself by reaching a moist
piece of ground, into which he, as much as possible, buried himself
in the water. Mr. Collier succeeded in reaching the pond to the
intense relief of his wife and mother who were there.
The fallen trees fell to the northeast from the southwest, and the
green saplings were bent nearly to th ground by the wind, and
were fixed in that position by the heat, thus giving positive evidence
remaining after the fire that it came from the southwest to the north-
east.
Rev. Wilkinson was subsequently appointed by the commission
to look specially to the needs of Brook Park. His assistance, and
that of his son, Norman, have been of great value to us, and their
kindess and self sacrifice will ever be remembered by our people
with feelings of deep gratitude. They have assisted us in manv
ways and have brought much elp to us by their personal efforts,
entirely independent of the state commission.
End of Brook Park
It was found that the section lines had been destroyed by the fire,
and the city engineer of Minneapolis, Mr. F. W. Cappelen,
kindly sent one of his most competent assistants to run new lines.
This Mr. David H. Forneri did- with accuracy. He stayed nearly
a week at Brook Park and did good work.
44
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
HINCKLEY.
TT IS often thought in Europe, and possibly other places, that new
Western towns are rough, that the dollar is the principal thing.
Hinckley was a typical place, and it may be well to give an
idea of how the town looked before September last. It had a public
school, in which were four teachers. Air. D. S. Collins was prin-
cipal, assisted by Miss Vaughan, Miss Alaggie Hawley and Miss
Craig. There was a town hall, Odd Fellows' hall, three churches,
five hotels, eight stores, and restaurant, two railway depots and a
railway round house. Which shows that neither culture nor religion
had geen forgotten. The saw mill would cut two hundred thous-
and feet of lumber a day. Mr. John Owen was president of the
mill company, H. D. Davis vice president, Mr. Putnam, treasurer,
Mr. E. B. Putnam, secretary. The postmaster was Air. P. Lawless.
Its town officials were as follows: Le Webster, mayor, John K.
Anderson, Nels Parsons and John Alerrigan, trustees; Andrew Stone,
recorder, S. W. Anderson, treasurer, and R. J. Hawley, policeman.
Hinckley was one of the lumbering towns in the county of Pine,
and had last year more than twelve hundred people. The St. Paul
and Duluth railway, and the Great Northern railway both go through
it, each had helped in the development of the town. Grindstone
river has its rise in the Grindstone lake, acnd flows through Hinck-
ley. The mill, which was a large one, employed in various ways
about three hundred persons, and this industry brought money
into the pockets of Hinckley people.
For years Pine county had been renowned for its timber and kings
in the lumber business had operated here and in the surrounding
county. The Brennan Mill Company is know all over the west for
their operations here. Geo. N. Turner, Minneapolis, in years gone
by, cut large quantities of logs in this locality and on land adjacent
to Kettle river.
The Lairds and Nortons of Winona, the Staples of Stillwater, and
many others, all had had large interests in the fire district. It is
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 47
said that one firm in the first week in September, had a loss in dam-
age to its standing pine of three hundred thousand dollars. The
loss total in the period covered by the fire and the time of recon-
struction was not less than three million dollars. It may have been
much more.
There is something In different localities, both in sea and land,
which man has :.ot been able satisfactorily to explain. Why a
tree, or a certain kind of trees, will grow and flourish in great lux-
uriance in one part of a state, and will not grow to be of any ac-
count in others parts of the same state, is not easy to understand.
See map showing the pine region of Minnesota. This map was
made by the geological survey, and kindly lent me by my friend Air.
Beals, who has charge of the weather reports in the northwest. A
glance at this map will show how an all wise God has designed
northern Minnesota, by nature, to grow pine, and this it does in,
great plenty. The lines marked show that in the south of the state
pine does not naturally grow. Left alone, the north will be cov-
ered with pine, while other parts of the state will have no pine worth
speaking about, and if any, it will be poor and stunted. The curi-
ous may find things analogous to this in the sea. There have been
in this age few more observant men than that prince of naturalists
Frank Buckland, in his "Curiosities of Natural History," sec-
ond series, page 295, says: "As my readers are probably aware, the
great sperm or spermaceti whale is found south of the equator
only, and according to Maury's 'Physical Geography of the Sea,'
there is a line (marked in his map) across which ths sperm whale
cannot pass. Nevertheless, I have a well authenticated case of a
sperm whale (phyester macrocephalus) appearing in the Bristol chan-
nel. I have also a good engraving of a whale which was cast
ashore near Antwerp, A. D. 1576. This creature is also a large
sperm whale." So we see whales now and then are found out of
their natural home; so are pine trees.
Hinckley is in the geographical situation where pine is at its
best, best for all purposes for which pine may be used, and so when
found in large quantities and gets on fire, the heat is intense.
All round Hinckley, the woods were as dry as a kiln, and ready
for one terrible bonfire, which came, driven by a fierce wind; no
power wielded by man could by any possibility have stopped it in
its onward course to and past Hinckley. The danger of fire had
4g MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
been long seen and warning had been given of possible damage to
the town.
The inhabitants had come ro think that no danger was at hand,
but on Saturday, September first, the fire reached Mission Creek
and swept onwards toward the north. By the time it had followed
the direction of the St. Paul and Duluth railway tracks to the
Great Northern tracks at Hinckley, nothing but certain doom was
in store for Hinckley; every intelligent man in the place saw and
felt this. It is as possible to stop the Gulf stream, or an eruption
from Mount Vesuvius as it would have been to stop the fire.
It was the fire then from Mission Creek direction, which struck
Hinckley, and everything found to burn added to the heat of the
flames and air. Soon the fire which had laid Brook Park in ashes
joined the fire which at Hinckley had laid that toun in ashes, in
one avalanche of flame, wind, heat and storm, all of which did their
death dealing and destructive work. The depots, hotels, the city
public buildings, schools, etc., simply melted down in a few mom-
ents and kegs of nails which had been on sale in hardware stores,
were found one melted mass. The earth and air, the very heavens
above men's heads appeared to be on fire; it was only in flight, wa-
ter, or on the train that escape could be looked for; and hew little
flight could help many is to be read in the ghastly finding of the
dead, and in the sights and sounds which made strong men weep
and women faint. On the Monday after the fire, all day long, Mr.
Webber, of Rush City, with a band of helpers, dug trenches and
placed in them the dead. More than one hundred that day were
laid thus to rest.
Mr. Chris Best, w r ho still lives at Hinckley, lost his father, moth-
er, sister and brother, a nephew and niec^, and with his own hands
dug one large grave, all the while speaking not one word. He was
alone on one side of the cemetery, all available men being at work
in the long trench, and each man intent either upon the sorrows
of others or of his own. I found two men to take up the work
Best was doing and offered to pay them. They said, "We should
desgise ourselves if we took pay to help this man." The hot scald-
ing tears ran down his face. For weeks he looked for his brother
whom he hoped to find. Alas! No such providence for him
could be, as without a doubt he was amongst the unknowable dead.
Seven persons of the name of Best met death. C. Best escaped to
tell in part the story, and to his latest day mourn the loss.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 49
It was in this cemetery on that Monday night, when the black-
ened bodies were being brought in on wagons that Rev. Feethan,
M. E. minister, Rev. Mr. Peterson, Rev. Mr. Knudsen, Rev. Father
Burke, Rev. Father Bajec and the writer all joined as one in the
common grief with one common purpose. The Bible was read,
prayer offered and an address given. Xot a word was spoken which
could jar on the mind of any reverent man. This beautifully shows
how much religionists of all names have in their great heritage of
faith, hope and love, and it furthers the ends of Christian charity.
One touch of nature makes the world akin. Sorrow, pain and
death were not invented by priests, nor by atheists, and they cannot
be prevented by either or by both.
Death speaks all languages; it comes and brings sorrow into the
souls of the bereaved, no matter what their faith or lack of faith.
In this dark day, when the Methodist minister said, "Lord bless us
in our deep sorrow," the Roman priest said, "Amen," when the
Presbyterian read "Xovv is Christ risen from the dead," and went on
to say "Death shall be swallowed up in victory," every heart felt
the need of this. When the Angelican minister, at the close of his
address said,
"The skv is flushed with gold,
In glad celestial warning,
The purple clouds are backward rolled,
All gloom and shadows scorning.
O'er pain and grief victorious
Above all glories, glorious,
There comes an Eastern morning."
every heart replied through tears that ought to be true. We turned
away from these scenes and walked in different directions. Joseph
Manix, of Minneapolis, and I talked to a grave where were being
laid Mrs. Martinson and her four children. Her husband and little
son stood by. The lad told his experience at the Grindstone river.
John is a bright lad about eleven years old. He with his mother
and four other children were in the river, and he someway got to
the gravel pit, after he had seen the other members of his family
fall in the river. John said: "I was in the river with my sister.
I could swim well. I used to go swimming nearly every day. She
said, 'Come, hold me up.' The heat was so great I could not get
to her. She fell in the water. My mother was with us. Someone
said, 'Go to the pit.' I do not know how I got there. I was saved,,
they died."
7)11
MINNESOTA FOPEST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 51
I gave a Swedish Bible to Martinson, which had been found by
me. It was partly burned. Afterwards I tried to buy it to give
to the Minneapolis Public Library, he set too much store by it to
let it go. The gravel pit has a history. Before the fire the Great
Northern railway needed to fill in a long piece of ground to level
their track, and dug this pit, which is over three acres in extent. The
dwellers at Hinckley ever since have said it was a damage to their
town, and ought never to have been made. Some of the people
who had often said this found it a place of refuge from the fire,
and thus saved their lives; so little do men know what may be of
the greatest use to them. We passed the gravel pit on our way to
the railway, in the early evening, where I met the gntlemen who
were going to Brook Park on the hand car, joined them and did
not return till the Friday after.
The Rev. Father Lawler is a Master of Arts and a Bachelor of
Science. He is a Roman Catholic priest in the burned dis-
trict, which is in the diocese of Duluth, of which James McGolrick
is bishop. It is one of the five dioceses forming the archdiocese
of St. Paul, over which John Ireland presides as archbishop, thus
being the metropolitan.
Father Lawler had services at Mission Creek and at Sandstone.
By his diligence and faithfulness, by minding his own business and
doing good as he had opportunity, he had gained the respect and
lived in the love of all sorts and conditions of men. Ever since he
went to Hinckley he had taken an active interest in all that con-
cerns the public good of that place. The fire department had been
an object of his special attention, he knew perfectly its workings, its
available power and its needs. It is well known that the alarm
bell never rung when he was in town but he promptly answered it.
On September first, just after noon, the gong was rung, which
meant that the firemen were to meet at the engine house. Promptly
that call was answered, and Father Lawler was as usual on hand.
The chief said, "It looks threatening in the south and in the south-
west. I do not think there is any danger, but it is well to be pre-
pared for an emergency.'' And it was decided that if the fire came,
it would come by way of Mission Creek, along the St. Paul and
Duluth road, cross the Eastern Minnesota tracks and then strike the
town. It was agreed that the place to stop the fire if it should
come, was at this point.
The fire came. All was in readiness; the entire available force of
52 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
the town concentrated here. The wind blew so strong that it was
impossible to throw water any considerable distance against it.
Father Lawler saw that Hinckley was doomed. He said, "Es-
cape for your lives, Hinckley will be destroyed!" He ran toward
the town, and on his way he came to a number of of men who were
hitching up teams. He said, "For heaven's sake, leave all you
have! Get to the gravel pit, run to the river! Hinckley will be
destroyed!" One man, in his excitement, said what in other times
he probably would not have spoken, "To hell with advice of that
sort!" Xot one of that party who took the old post road to Sand-
stone are known to have escaped. The priest ran on shouting as
did Jonah in Nineveh of old, "The city will be destroyed! Escape
for your lives! Run to the gravel pit; run to the river! Leave all
you have, save your lives!"
Had it not been for this thoughtfulness, the loss of life, great as
it was, would have been greater. The people, hearing the priest
and knowing who he was, as fast as possible gave heed to his warn-
ing; and soon mothers with their little children were hurrying to
a place of safety. Having warned all he could of danger and di-
rected them to places of safety, and being nearly exhausted, (he was
just recovering from a severe attack of typhoid fever), and almost
blind with the smoke, having done al Ihe could, he himself got to
the river, where he stayed until the relief party came.
Such words and such deeds require no comment; they tell their
own story.
THE REV. PETER KNUDSEN.
The Rev. Mr. Knudsen was a Presbyterian minister of the church
in Hinckley, who did missionary work in all the country round.
He is a Dane by birth. On the day of the fire he saw the danger 1
coming, but had no idea that the disaster would be as great as the
fact have proved.
Grindstone river has its rise in Grindstone lake, and flows from
east to west. A little north of the town of Hinckley two railroad
bridges span this river. One is on the St. Paul and Duluth road
and is north-west of the town, the other is on the Eastern Minne-
sota railway and is north-east of the town. Between the two rail-
way bridges, is another bridge over which foot passengers and teams
cross. It was over this bridge that so many persons sought safety
in flight. Here they crossed, alas, never to return. Death over-
took them before they could reach a place of safety. Grindstone
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 53
river is shallow, being from eighteen inches to perhaps five feet
deep, and many who sought safety in its shelter lost their lives.
Xear to the Eastern railway was an open space in which many per-
sons took refuge. In ordinary forest fires, it would have been a
wise thing to do, and they would have saved their lives; but in this
fire, the heat of which in some parts of the Eastern railway yards at
Hinckley was sufficiently fierce to melt steel, open places were of no
avail. Ninety persons, on and near this spot, laid down their lives.
It was a hurricane of fire which swept up from Mission Creek
and Brook Park, eight miles away, and the fire had gained great
strength before it burned Brook Park, having come from the south
several miles ere it reached that fated town. At Hinckley, the cur-
rent of fire was met by another which was probably as strong, which
had swept up from Mission Creek, when the two forces joined, hav-
ing traveled on two sides of a triangle to a point.
Nothing in the town of Hinckley escaped, except a little closet
north of the Eastern tracks, not far from the round house, the round
house itself and the water tank. They were standing in the yards
where were a number of cars which were filled with wheat. These
all took fire. So great was the heat two hundred paces north of
the round house, that the rails and steel wheels of the cars were
melted and some of them ran liquid steel.
It was near this spot that ihe freight train, going north, and the
passenger train, going south, met. This (passenger) train was run
by conductor H. L. Powers, W. B. Best, being engineer, Geo. J.
Ford fireman, and C. Beach, brakeman. Freight train No. 23,
going north to Duluth, was run by Conductor W. D. Campbell, Ed-
ward Barry was engineer, A. R. Thistle fireman, Charles C. Free-
man, G. W. Gilham and A. McLaughlin, brakemen.
Several merchandise cars were standing on the track, which were
then coupled to the passenger train. Best was not in front of the
train. Best had taken in water at the water tank and, backing to
the train, was in its rear.
It is one of the rules of the service on the Eastern Minnesota road,
that when difficulties arise, if two train crews have to join forces,
the conductor of greater rank assumes charge, direction and hence
responsibility, which is shared by the engineers and the other conduc-
tors. It was in this way that Conductor Powers became the man
in authority on this mixed train, but it must not be forgotten that
these crews had an exceedingly difficult and dangerous task in a
MIXXLSOTA FOREST FIHES
MINNESOTA. FOREST FIRES. 55
time of high excitement, with the forests burning- north and west,
and everything in that part of the country burned south and west,
and the wind blowing a gale, and the north, the only way of es-
cape, and that likely to be cut off in an incredibly short time, the
flames south seeming to reach to the heavens, the smoke increasing
every moment, and burnig brands being carried through the air
and showers of hot cinders falling; surrounded by men, women and
children, some of whom were almost frantic, many in great despera-
tion, others who felt that the last hours had come. These men
required not alone strong nerve, they needed a clear eye, firm pur-
pose and unerring judgment, which should inform them how long to
stay so as to save the largest possible number of lives. Events
proved that these two crews were equal to the occasion. It may
be safely said that if the days of mystics are passed, the days of
heroism are indeed here. All this speaks well for the discipline and
exact direction upon the Eastern Minnesota railway, that no fa-
tality occurred at that time and place.
The old Hebrew prophet said, 'The lame shall take the prey." It
is singular, yet well attested, that the first man who got on board
this historic train was Mr. Hogan, well known in Hinckley as the
man who wheels himself about in his chair, being paralyzed. ' He
had seen the danger living near the tracks and his brother, see-
ing him in his chair, carried him to the train. Hogan's mother,
running to the train, saw her son's chair and pulled it -along with
her, and the train men, with that sympathy which always goes out
to the helpless, put it on board. He has it now and nothing in
the world could be more useful to him.
The last man who got on this train was Mr. Douglas Greeley.
It will stand as one of the brightest facts in connection with all this
disastrous fire that four hundred and seventy-six souls were saved.
The work of Best and Barry has been told in glowing words. There
were two men whose names have been little heard, who deserve to
be held in honor. Their names are O. L. Beach and Peter Mc-
Laughlin, brakemen. There was no headlight in the front of the
tender of this train, and these men stood on the tender, each with a
lantern, their eyes almost blinded, the heat intense, the danger of
death imminent, and the knowledge of that fact in their minds was
clearly defined. Never for an instant did they falter, duty with them
was supreme, and no small share of triumph of that fateful day,
belongs to them.
56 MINNESOTA FOREST FTRES.
Ford, Thistle, Gilham, and Campbell all deserve the admiration
of high minded men. Mr. Best is not only a prudent, fearless, cool
headed man, but he is one of the most accomplished engineers in
America. His skill is well known and generally acknowledged in
the railway world of the Northwest.
Powers, the conductor, has long been in the employ of the East-
ern road and by the authorities is highly respected. On the testi-
mony of competent judges, he displayed rare qualities in this fire.
It is the opinion of Judge Geo. B. Young, St. Paul, and District
Judge Seagrave Smith, and J. Jamison, of Hennepin district court,
who were going from Duluth to Minneapolis on his train, that he
acted a noble part; never for an instant did he lose his self posses-
sion. He advised every one to keep perfectly cool; saw nothing
but harm could come of excitement; helped the people onto the
train; kindly but firmly refused to delay for a moment to take bag-
gage on board; said to women who frantically demanded delay that
they might secure some household goods, "Mrs. we cannot wait for
that baggage. We will gladly take you, get on board. It is your
only chance. Lifted the children on ooard with the deftness and
tenderness equal to that of a mother's love.
It was in recognition of this service that Mr. Samuel Hill, presi-
dent of the Eastern road, gave to Mr. Powers a gold watch such
as few railroad presidents carry, inscribed as follows: "Presented
to H. D. Powers for his heroism on September first, 1894." On
the tenth day of that month, the Minneapolis Times had the follow-
ing:
CONDUCTOR POWERS.
Entitled to Great Credit for His Actions at the Hinckley Fire.
An eye witness of the scene at Hinckley describes it as follows :
"To understand the situation," he began yesterday, "one must
know of the exact movement of the trains at Hinckley on the fate-
ful day. The passenger, consisting of six coaches containing the
steamship passengers from the Northwest, pulled into Hinckley at
3:30 Saturday afternoon. The fire was then raging in the east end
of the Hinckley freight yard and a switchman reported the fact to
Conductor Powers. On a side track, with the engine at the farther
end of the train consisting of three freight cars and a caboose, stood
the freight train, the locomotive in charge of Engineer Barry and the
train controlled by Conductor W. D. Campbell. The engine was
MIX XE SOT 'A FOREST FIRES. 57
headed down, but had the fight of way over the track towards Duluth.
Conductor Powers recognizing- this fact, decided upon a coup to se-
cure the right of way back to Duluth for the passenger, as well as
the freight. He was the conductor in authority and he ordered Con-
ductor Campbell of the freight to couple the two trains together.
This was done, but by this time, the smoke had become blinding and
the fire was making rapid headway toward the train. Engineer Barry
whistled to back up, but Conductor Powers would not permit him
to do so, and the train remained in the yard at Hinckley until the
bridge over the Sandstone river caught fire and escape was nearly
cut off. Then it was that Conductor Powers ordered the train back
towards Duluth, but by this time many of the Hinckley refugees had
gone on board. On the other side of the creek it was stopped again
and more persons were taken aboard, the total number saved being
478. Brakemin Freeman, of the freight, acted in an heroic manner
by stopping the train by means of the air brake when it was started
once, through a misunderstanding of the signals. Brakeman Beach
was the man who rode on the rear end of the locomotive when it \vas
backed towards Duluth, at the imminent peril of his life."
The train stopped long enough at Hinckley to take all who could
get to it. It departed at the last moment it could have left safely.
There were not a few on board who blamed the train men for stay-
ing so long. Experience of danger of many kinds in long years
of service, had taught them what was wise to do and how to do it.
It must be a great satisfaction to everyone on board that train to feel
that none were left behind, who possibly could have been saved.
Pastor Knudsen, a Dane by birth, and a Presbyterian by convic-
tion, the minister in charge of the church at Hinckley and missionary
to the districts round, with his wife, did remarkable service this
September day. It is not without deep meaning that a man like
Father Lawler, Roman Catholic priest, said to me, "Pastor Knudsen
is a royal man. I firmly believe that he would lay down his life
to serve another, without a thought that such a deed deserved any
special credit." He and his wife stood together when the fire came
towards Hinckley. "We are only two," said he (they have no family),
"let us star.d together and help these poor women with little children
onto the tvain." They did so. The train was crowded, but there was
room for this man and his wife. He said. "Xo, others are left in the
village, we must go back if possible and help them to the gravel pit."
And so the train moved through blinding smoke. They went their
58
FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 59
,vay toward the town. Twice she fell and then she said. ''Let us lie
down and die together here." Just then, through a rift in the smoke,
she saw a wagon, and by one desperate effort crept under it. They
were sheltered from the falling, burning cinders until the wagon took
fire, when they crept to the gravel pit hard by. The owner of the
wagon, his wife and several members of the family were burned to
death.
The gravel pit is an excavation made by the Eastern Minnesota
Railway when that road was built. To fill up the valley near Hinck-
ley, they took the gravel and left a hole probably three acres in extent,
in the bottom of which is said to be a spring. At the time of the fire
there was about one acre of water. The people of Hinckley ever
since the earth was taken from this spot, have said it disfigured and
was an injury to the town. In the day of greatest stress, it was as the
"shadow of a great rock in a weary land," it was a "shelter from the
storm" of fire. Not one who got into it perished, and as if by uner-
ring instinct, many animals sought shelter there and saved their lives.
When the fire was passed, a tin pail was found at a water tank on the
Eastern Railway. Mrs. Knudsen, like most Western missionary's
wives, is a woman of practical sense; she milked a cow. A number
of musk melons were found at the edge of the gravel pit. They
cut the insides out and make cups and the children drank from them,
the first food they had after the fire. Mr. Knudsen and his wife lost
their home and all they had which could be lost; but hope, faith, love
and character they did not lose. Their record is on high and their
judgment is with the Almighty who does not forget the deeds of his
servants.
The subjoined letter gives a good idea of several scenes through
which the parties mentioned passed:
PINE CITY, MINN., Feb. 25, 1895.
Rev, William Wilkinson, Minneapolis, Minn.:
Dear Brother: Pardon my delay in answering yours of Feb. 7th.
I have been away from home. The Methodist minister's name who
took part in burying the dead at Hinckley, Monday, September 3d,
is Rev. T. H. Feetham; at present he is in Duluth. I have asked
the Reverends Peterson, Finstrom, and Father Bajec, of Rush City,
to write you and send photographs. In explanation to your question
concerning myself and wife, permit me to say, I found the water-
melons in a garden just above the gravel pit and brought them with
60 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
me down to the survivors in the pit. Some of the rinds were hol-
lowed out and served for cups, out of which we drank water while in
the pit. My wife milked the cow in a pail found in the Eastern Min-
nesota Railroad pumphouse, and the depot agent, Mr. George Tur-
geon held the cow while she did the milking, and together they car-
ried the milk to the children and others. It would pay you for the
trouble to come to Pine City some day and get the experience of the
survivors that live here, Messrs. Barden, Russell, Wright, Cameron,
Wingren and others. Had I time I would write it up for you. Be
kind enough to see that our names (my wife's and mine) are spelled
right in your book. Yours, in great haste,
P. KXUDSEN.
P. S. The cow my wife milked belonged to Mr. Wingren.
REPORT OF J. W. STOCKHOLM.
I was working at the Brennan Lumber Company's store. We
were engaged in supplying the teams with empty barrels, as all
the teams were hauling water in barrels along the Snake River
Road, intending to fight the fire back from the lumber yard and that
part of the town. It was burning very badly in the west part of the
town all the forenoon in the swamps. At 2:30 things began to look
pretty bad, yet we did not think it serious.
I went to my home, one block east of the gravel pit and told my
people to act quickly if it should come to look pretty bad, and have
a few barrels of water ready if the fire should attack the fence from
the woods. I went back to the store, the way through the woods
over the crossing of the St. Paul & Great Northern Railway. The
wind commenced to blow very hard, and going along the way I could
hardly keep my eyes open. Upon reaching the crossing, I com-
menced to realize to some extent that the town was in danger. The
wind was still rising, bringing into my face a hot air like standing
before a furnace. I turned back just as the Great Northern passen-
ger train pulled into the yard by the pump house. I met Mr. Rich-
ner of the Eastern Hotel, and he said he thought the train would
never get through. (That was the same train which later brought
us out of the burning town). I went up town along the front street
towards the store, meeting on my way the Brennan Company's type-
writer, S. Mason, and Charles Anderson, bookkeeper of the Pine City
Bank, who both perished near the St. Paul & Duluth depot. I met
Widow Resbery and her four children. She asked me what to do
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 61
and where to go. I told her to go toward my home, and as soon as
I had been in the store I would follow up. I entered the store, Mr.
Albricht, the bookkeeper, and I being the last of the employes left.
We made up our minds the time had come to get out. I went out
of the front door, finding Mrs. Resbery there yet where I had left
her. I saw the time for argument was getting short, and at the
same moment my nephew, Hans Hanson, from Chicago, a boy of
sixteen years, visiting us at that time, came on his bicycle, telling us
everything was taking fire over at my home, and to get over there
as fast as possible. I then took Johnny Resbery, a boy of three, in
my arms, told Hans to take the baby, and Oscar, a boy of eleven, and
Mrs. Resbery and her daughter, a girl of nine, followed up, and we
went toward the Eastern Depot, which is on the way toward my
home.
Arriving there the people were crowding in to get on the train
which had just pulled into the depot. Leaving the boy there, I went
across the gravel pit to my home and found that my wife, three
children and two sisters were not there. The fire was rolling over
the place and I got out at once, and running back across the pit, in-
quired for my family and found out by Asel Hanson, who perished,
that my wife was going north on the Great Northern tracks. Run-
ning after them, I got them turned back and calculated to go to the
gravel pit. The wind was now blowing fearfully and the fire and
cinders were blackening our faces, as we had to come back against
coal. We backed up to Skunk lake, and just before I got to the
Knudsen and Mrs. Knudsen.
We agreed to go to the pit. but at that time my people got so
much ahead of me that they secured the first box car on the train on
the Great Northern, which was then coming along side of the gravel
pit. The train brought us safe to Duluth where we were all received
with open arms, and all our needs supplied. If honor be due to any
men who stand by their posts, firm and collected in the hour of
danger, a goodly share is due the two crews of trainmen who took
the refugees from the burning town of Hinckley to Duluth over the
Great Northern Railway.
Mr. G. I. Albricht, who was bookkeper for the Brennan Lum-
ber Company, says that he lived in Hinckley over five years.
"Three years ago there was talk about the possible burning of
Hinckley, but all the summer of 1894 I never thought it probable that
Hinckley would ever burn up, and not until after 3 p. m., on Satur-
62
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 63
day, September ist, did I think for an instant that the town would
go, although I sent my wife and two children to Pine City by the
train which left Hinckley about I o'clock. I thought it would be
better for them to go, lest the worst should happen.
At about 3, I looked south and west and saw the whole surround-
ings were terrible. The air grew hotter and dryer every moment.
The smoke was by this time being driven by the wind. I saw by
3 130 it was not possible to save the town. I went for my wife's sister
who had put up trinkets, silverware and other things; her name is
Annie Wescott. I said, "Annie, leave those things and come along
with me, if we save our lives that is all we may expect to do." I in-
tended to send her to Pine City on the train due about 4 o'clock.
\Yhile we stood waiting near the depot, the fire appeared to come in
a sheet of flame over the town and to drop on our left hand side,
as we faced Pokegama. It appeared as if the very air was on fire.
We made a rush, reached the Eastern train and were saved."
What MR. DOUGLASS GREELEY sa_\s:
I kept the Morrison Hotel at Hinckley, which was the largest
hotel there, and had 50 bed-rooms; kept 6 girls and 4 men
at the time of the fire. Had resided six years at Hinckley, was
elected county auditor in November, on the Democratic ticket. I
had a family of one child, my mother, Mrs. Hannah P. Greeley, was
visiting me on September ist, with my sister and her two children.
September ist, at noon, it began to look scarey; in the south, to-
ward Mission Creek, it looked bad. There was a very hot smoke,
densely black, and a light wind. The train from Duluth to St. Paul was
more than an hour late. I sent all my relatives away on the train.
I did not go to bed and fall asleep you may be sure. I went south
several times to the Eastern tracks. It kept getting worse every
moment. The sun broke through the smoke, and I thought the
worst had passed. William Ginden, who was ex-mayor, and at
this time was a member of the board of supervisors, stood on the
corner. I stood near my hotel. He had been down near the round
house, when his son, a lad in his early teens, came up and said,
"Father, do you want mother to leave home and seek a place of
safety? She wants to know." He replied, "Willie, run home and
tell mama the danger is passed." He ran north to his home to tell
his mother. William Ginden and all his family perished.
I went into the hotel; all the girl help were excited. One of them,
64 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Ida Janda, who worked in the dining room, asked, "What shall we
do, what shall we do?"
I said, "Stay here till I tell you to leave. You will be all right. I
will go out and will tell you presently what is the best to do." I went
to view the situation and saw that hope was gone, and went back
quickly and said: "Now is the time to save ourselves." We all
left the hotel by the front door, seven sad souls. We met at the
corner John Brodie, who used to board with me; he said, "There is
a train on the Eastern line waiting." I said, "Go with Mr. Brodie;"
and ran back, put my money into the safe, locked it, and when the fire
was over, it was there with all my papers. The safe was the property
of William O'Brien, who was engaged in lumbering, and I kept his
books and had done so for six years. I left the hotel, knowing the
desperation of the situation, and as I passed the gate at the back of
the barn yard, at the rear of the hotel, I saw D. Fortin, C. O. Carlson,
Albert Xudewood and Otto Skamser, all of whom worked for me,
turning my two driving horses and four cows out of the barn. I
began to help them and we got the horses into the street. Xude-
wood, Skamser and Carlson now left. Fortin and I now were joined
by Charlie Xehland, who helped us to get the remaining cows out.
Just then the horses came back at full speed. They had become
frightened. I took one horse and Fortin one, and put bridles on
them. Xehland took a buggy and ran with it to the gravel pit, and
saved himself and it; I have it now.
Fortin and I rode up north a block on the front street and turned
east, leaving town. As we got to the Eastern track, we saw the
flames from the houses east of the track and had to turn back to
the wagon bridge over Grindstone river, which was about eighty
feet long, but there was hardly any water in the river here. We
made for the train on a bee line.
"As we went through some willows, I said to Fortin, 'We are gone
now.' He said, 'Yes, I guess we are/ I at this moment heard some-
one call. I looked and saw Xudewood, on hundred feet away in the
door of a box car, and I never heard a sound so welcome. Barry,
the engineer, had seen us and stopped. We were the last men on
that train, and near that spot over one hundred dead were found.
The two horses we left were burned to death near there. The next
morning the four cows turned up all right. They had not a hair
singed; it is probable they escaped in the gravel pit. From the box
car door in which I stood, as the train moved off, I could sec tiie
roof of Brennan's mill fall in.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 65
"From that time on, darkness enveloped the train. In the car
some were on their knees praying, some crying, and some asking
for relatives. The children did not realize what was taking place, or
how much the fire meant to them. At Sandstone we stopped. At
Partridge the citizens brought water, lamps and lanterns. None cf
the residents left on our train and in fifteen minutes their city was
aflame and soon in utter ruins. We reached Duluth safely and re-
ceived a royal welcome. I went to the house of my brother, John
Greeley, who is general manager of the Keystone Investment Com-
pany.
"I got on the Eastern train which left September 2d, at 5 o'clock
in the morning. On it were Mr. Thorne, superintendent; Mr. Dev-
lin, roadmastetr; Dr. Stephan, Mr. Albright, Mr. Dunn and Mr.
Murphy.
"We came slowly along, every now and then a burnt tree had fallen
over the line. In the afternoon, early, we found the first bridge
burned out, about one mile north of Partridge. We all walked to
Sandstone, except as many traveling men as could get upon a hand-
car. They preceded us to that town ; when we walked there, we saw
the desolation of the place. In our journey, we had passed many
dead animals, rabbits, deer and birds. We now stood on the north
bank of the Kettle river, and saw on the south side the poor- home
less, helpless, penniless people who were left. We forded the river a
mile below the bridge, and came thus into Sandstone. We saw the
ruin, and before we had left had seen forty-five dead bodies, age
and youth, women and children, mingled in one common death.
"We came out on the other side and journeyed, sad men, to Hinck-
ley. All the others went back north. We were the first parties to
get back to Hinckley of all who left that ill-fated spot on Saturday.
"It was now past 5 o'clock Sunday night, and \ve saw what the
disaster here was; there was not a house or building left standing
north of the Gushing, and nothing south of it except the water tank,
coal shed and round house. The relief train had come in from the
south and had brought all kinds of help from Pine City, Rush City,
and points on the line. Many of the dead had been picked up and
some had been placed in boxes and coffins which had been sent up.
Engineer Barry behaved well, as did all the trainmen.
FREDDY ROBINSON.
This boy was rescued by his aunt, Mary Robinson. His mother
died two years ago, and his father, Peter Robinson, and
66
MTKKESOTA FOREST FIRES.
T
C. H. STROMBERG.
CHR. ARVOLD.
GEO. C. DUNLAP.
PAUL JAMES DULUTH CROCKER.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 67
uncle, Xels Robinson, both perished in the fire September ist. The
dwelling of Peter Robinson was on the west side of town, and as the
fire broke in over the place from the woods, he took his only boy in
his arms, rescued him, and gave him to his aunt, and told them to
start. He and his brother, Nels Robinson, yet lingering, for some
reason unknown to Mary Robinson (which proved to be fatal, as
they both perished). Mary Robinson took the three-year-old boy in
her arms and carried him through the burning town and reached
the Eastern depot just in time to board the train pulling out from
the depot, and reached Duluth in safety.
CHARLES M. STOMBERG.
His father, mother, two brothers and two sisters lived at Hinck-
ley at the time of the fire. They came out on the St. Paul &
Duluth train and started up track. In dense smoke he lost them and
found refuge in a section well. Next morning he found the corpses
of the rest of the family burned to a crisp altogether, being recog-
nized only by watch, jewelry, etc.
He is nineteen years old, lives at Duluth, and the local relief com-
mittee are taking an interest in him.
B. C. BARTLETT.
Proprietor of Eating House, Hinckley, prior to September ist, 1894.
I have been keeping the St. Paul & Duluth Railroad Eating
House about fifteen years. The day of the Hinckley fire, Sep-
tember ist, 1894, my family and myself decided about 5 or 10
minutes before 4 o'clock p. m., to leave our house. At that time
everything in sight, fences and buildings, were taking fire. The
heat had been very intense and it had been very dark for some time
before, and the air as high as we could see seemed to be on fire; the
wind blowing a gale and a terrible noise as of a great many wagons
driven over a rough road.
We got the members of our family together and attempted to go to
the gravel pit, but in consequence of heat from the burning buildings,
which lined the street leading to it, and the strong wind, we decided
we could not get there. We then started with the wind and with our
backs to the heat, north on the St. Paul & Duluth Railroad tracks.
About one and one-half miles from Hinckley, we met the Limited
train, Conductor Sullivan and Engineer Root, and after telling them
the situation at Hinckley, we got on the train and rode back to
Skunk Lake. We then got off and walked about eight miles to
68 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Finlayson, where we were picked up by the relief train from Willow
River. When we got on the train near Hinckley the train was on
fire the whole, length of it, and by the time we reached Skunk Lake,
the windows on the west side were nearly all broken cut by the heat,
and the cars were burning very fast. The coal in the tender was
blazing high. We decided we could not live to go into the shallow
water at Skunk Lake, so we walked on again.
Of the party of about fifty persons that left Hinckley when we did,
about thirty-three perished between Hinckley and Skunk Lake, and
without doubt we would have lost our lives had we not had the ride
on the Limited train to Skunk Lake, and also that we determined
from the start not to get outside of the iron rails. We had to avoid
inhaling tke heated air, and could not open our eyes, and our only
guide was to keep inside the rails on the track. Three girls em-
ployed by us in the eating house were separated from us at the start
and were burned; three kept with us and were saved. One of my
sons, George D. Bartlett, got out on the Eastern Minnesota Railroad
train with Conductor Powers and Engineer Best; two sons, H. S.
and T. W. Bartlett, went to the gravel pit and were saved.
THE REV. FATHER BURKE.
The Rev. Father Burke, who was active in his ministry of help
to the living, and who also took part in the burial of the dead,
is a man with a history.
In 1872, he went to St. Hyacinthe's College, Canada, for the dio-
cese of Rochester, New York; there he became acquainted with
Cardinal Vaughan's work amongst the colored people of the South,
and was one of the first American youths who set out for England
to prepare for that glorious mission. For five years he was trained
in the College of St. Joseph's, London. He was ordained priest by
Cardinal Vaughan on December 2ist, 1878. Whilst arrangements
were being made for departure to America, he was sent over the
Irish Channel to the Emerald Isle, to make known to the faithful
and others the work of the -missions, and raise money for them. He
was there but a few days when Cardinal Vaughan was asked to send
priests to Afghanistan as chaplains to the British forces engaged in
war in that wild land, and after the fighting had ceased they were
to tell the story of the gospel to the natives. So he and others start-
ed, by authority, to the field of work in Asia. This was the first
Christian mission among the Afghans.
They left London, England, on the isth day of April, 1879, and
MINNESOTA FOREST FTRES. 69
journeyed through India all that summer, in the midst of heat and
cholera and suffering, too great for pen to tell. The party got to
Kandahar in August.
A priest died in the Khyber Pass and Father Burke had to go and
take his place and work; whilst on the way, campaign number two
began, so he had to go on with the soldiers and join General
Roberts, who was on his way to Kabul. It was October 4th when
the father got to the famous pass at Khyber. No tongue can tell
the hardships of the nine months passed, at night on the saddle,
over deserts, mountains and passes, heat one hundred and thirty in
the coolest bungalow at the foot of the Himalaya Mountains; here
cholera was holding sway on all sides. Not even a native of the
country was allowed to travel for thre months. No food but hard
tack, and muddy water for drink, with the hot ground for a bed, in
danger of being stabbed by Patan scimetars, as were many soldiers
in the sixty-sixth regiment.
For distinguished services, this priest received a bounty of five
hundred rupees and the Victoria medal. The next five years were
spent in the presidency of Madras, as missionary amongst the Tele-
ger population, to whom the Afghan priests were sent when they
had to quit Afghanistan. For seven years he was at work amongst
the colored people of Washington, D. C., U. S. A. It is surprising
how many men who have a record for service on many fields, met
in this Pine County disaster. The following letter shows how the
Rev. Father Burke looked at Hinckley, when he stood there in his
readiness to do all in his power as man and priest. It is such men as
he who are an honor to the churches at whose altars they minister.
WHITE BEAR, MINN., Jan. 10, 1895.
MY DEAR MR. WILKINSON:
I am very glad that you are to write a history of the great forest
fires. I am sure that you will do justice to the subject, though no
pen can describe the horrors of those early September days. I never
shall forget the evening when we stood in the Hinckley cemetery,
before the long trenches in one part of which men were digging,
and in another part men were reverently placing the poor charred
remains of the dead, while a little in the distance were small groups
of persons bun-ing their lost and longed for. How beautiful and
comforting the words of Holy Scripture of prayer and praise. The
night was coming and nothing could be seen except the blackened
landscape and the burned pine stumps all black and bare. I saw
70 MINNESOTA FOREST FTRES.
the horrors of the Afghan war and passed through them, but never
beheld a sadder scene than this.
Do you know that my friend Jim Root drove the engine which
took Gen. Sherman on his famous ride to the sea? This would make
an interesting fact to place in your book. When it is published,
please forward me two copies, for which I will promptly send the
money. I may want more.
With kindest regards, I am very truly yours,
R. T. BURKE.
SAXDSTOXE.
GANDSTONE is a well-known town on the eastern division of
^ the Great Northern Railway. It was surrounded by dense pine
forests, from which vast quantities of logs had been cut; yet more
remained to grace the landscape and bless and enrich the lumber-
man.
A hardy class of settlers had taken up their abode in the town
and upon the lands adjacent, in the hope not only of making a
living, but of becoming well-to-do.
Kettle river, in its winding course, adds peculiar beauty to the place,
and the high steep banks on either side, give to it a rugged appear-
ance, which rises almost into the majestic and picturesque.
In these banks and under the town lies what may be fairly named
one of the very best varieties of building stone in the land. And in
the quarries, men who desire, can find work during the greater part
of the year. This stone is in such quantities, that it is certain no man
now living will see the day when the supply will be exhausted.
From all this, it will be seen that Sandstone possessed means of
obtaining money such as few towns are privileged to have, and this
gave hope and promise of happy and prosperous years.
The school edifice, which for a place like Sandstone, was a worthy,
even splendid building in its ruins, testifies to the fact that those who
built it, hoped to see a place of two or three thousand inhabitants. It
was here that the persons who met their death and those who escaped
with their lives only, had laid plans for years of work, and happy
useful lives, from which they might reap due reward.
The fire has changed many things in Pine county, and at Sand-
stone; but it has not blotted out the hopes or pl?ns of the men who
yet reside here, and who are interested in its growth.
The Great Northern Railway Company are making it a division on
its eastern branch, and will build a roundhouse.
This summer 1895 The Minneapolis Trust Company are to
71
7-2
MIKNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
BRAKEMAIN GILHAM.
F. A. THISTLE.
BRAKEMAN MCLAUGHLIN.
NEWS AGENT MANHART.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 73
work the quarries, and have designs for their development of the
stone business which will make everything which has been done in
the past seem small indeed.
The Protestant Episcopal Church secured two lots, the gift of
the Trust Company ; here will be a church and rectory.
The Presbyterians also have a house of prayer.
There is a good public school and hotel, "The Northern," and an
air of confidence pervades all lives and gives brightness to all hearts.
Even now the fire is looked upon as a thing of the past, and at the
same time, as having given a sacredness to the town which nothing
else ever could have imparted. The place where imminent danger
was passed ,where sad trials were bravely borne, and where death
came to the loyal and the loved ones, now lost to human ken, all
have left an impress never to be effaced.
EXPERIEXCE OF JOHN FALK.
My home is at Sandstone Junction, and on the day of the fire I
was there alone, as my wife and children were at Sandstone. I
began to get uneasy about I o'clock, when the clouds of smoke could
be seen overhead, showing plainly that a large fire must be burning
in our immediate vicinity. About 2 o'clock it became so dark that
one could not see without a lamp. I thought it best for me to be
with my family, so I started for town, which was four miles away. I
reached it just in time, as the fire had commenced its work of devas-
tation before I arrived there. I found my family all right and sent
them down to the river; I followed soon afterwards. We stood in
the river about three hours, and the next morning 1 were taken to
Duluth.
EXPERIEXCE OF M. W. W. JESMER, BRIDGE WATCHMAN,
EASTERN MINNESOTA RAILWAY.
About 2 p. m., on Sept. ist, I was at my house, which stood
about two hundred feet from the bridge that crosses the Ket-
tle river at Sandstone. The sky had been cloudy and the air full of
smoke since about 10 o'clock a. m. About 2:15 p. m. I noticed a
reflection in the sky as if from a large fire. I was standing on the
bridge, which is about one hundred and fifty feet above the water,
and I could see that in the direction of Hinckley a large fire was burn-
ing. I could also hear a rumbling noise, as if the wind were blowing
a gale. It got so dark about 3 o'clock that the lamps had to
be lighted.
74 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
The train passed over the bridge at about 3 o'clock p. m. ; the head-
light on the engine was burning. I had to carry my lantern to get
the number of the engine, this being part of my duty as bridge watch-
man. I remained at my post on the bridge till about 4 o'clock, when
a fire started in the woods on the west side of the track. The wind
had risen meantime, and many sparks were carried over my house;
at 4 o'clock I sent my little boy down town to ask for help, as I was
afraid it would catch fire. I also told him to tell the section foreman
to send his men up, in case they should be required to save the bridge.
Mr. Bullis, the railway agent at Sandstone, ran up to the bridge and
told me that the south-bound train, which had passed at about 3:05,
was backing up from Hinckley, as it was unable to proceed any
farther. The train backed over the bridge loaded with passengers
and refugees from Hinckley, and as many more as they could pick
up on the way. The sparks from the fire were falling thick and fast;
they came down just like hail-stones; the bridge was burning in
twenty or thirty places when the train passed over. I told my wife
to go down to the rocks under the bridge and remain there until I
came.
The train had not gone more than two thousand feet from the
bridge when the two beats on the east side were blown over. I knew
then that the bridge was doomed, and so I went back to my house to
try and save what I could. I carried my trunk out of the house and
left it in a potato field near by, then started down the bluff under
the bridge where my family were waiting.
The night watchman, W. W. Damuth, was standing about halfl
way between the house and the bridge, I called him to come with me,
as there was no use in staying there any longer; he seemed dazed and
did not answer, but kept walking toward the bridge. That was the
last I saw of him alive.
When I joined my family I thought that we should be safer in the
quarry, which was only a short distance away. We tried to reach it,
but could not, the heat was so intense. I then made up my mind to
go into the river, as I thought drowning preferable to being burned
to death. I took my wife and fc-ur children into the water; we were
followed by Thomas McCoy and Nels Flygt, and they helped me to
keep my wife and children from drowning as the water near the
bridge is very deep.
When I went over the bridge for the last time my dog followed me,
but would not come off the iron spanning the middle, I tried to catch
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 75
him but could not. He remained on the bridge during the whole
time and howled. At first I thought it was Mr. Damuth as it sound-
ed like a human being. He had to stay on the bridge until Monday
morning, when a bridge builder climbed upon the supports and low-
ered him with a rope. The bridge was so hot on Sunday that noth-
ing could be done to rescue him. The poor brute was badly burned,
but is all right now. We remained at Sandstone until Monday night,
when we were sent to Duluth.
EXPERIENCE OF PETER BILADO.
I was staying in town with my wife's siste~, and had one of my
little girls with me. My sister's house stands in the center of a clear-
ing fully 200 yards from any timber. It grew so dark about 2 o'clock
that I thought a cyclone was coming, and we had to have the lamps
lighted. We could see the reflection of a fire in the sky, and could
hear a peculiar sound like thunder in the air. The fire came on us
very suddenly. It seemed to come from above with a roaring sound
something like a large body of falling water. Balls of fire seemed to
be bursting in the air.
My sister and her children ran from the house, and I took my girl
by the hand and ran with her to a ditch about fifty yards away. The
fire was so close to us that it set fire to our clothes. I must have
lost my senses, for as soon as we got into the ditch I fell. The long
grass on each side was burning. Both my hands were burned, which
brought me to my senses.
I told my little girl that we could not stay there. She jumped up,
looked about her, and ran towards the fire. She must have been out
of her mind. She ran about 10 yards, calling out, "Papa, papa!" I
lost sight of her in the smoke, and did not see her again until I saw
her dead body.
I do not know how I escaped being burned to death, as I was com-
pletely out of my mind. Both my hands and lower limbs were
burned, and nearly all my clothes. The fire beat down, and it seemed
as though the air was full of hot sand which fell like fine hail.
EXPERIENCE OF MRS. BILADO.
I was living on our homestead, about four miles from Sandstone;
my husband and one of the children were at Sandstone. I heard
that a forest fire was burning near Hinckley, but did not give it much
thought. On the afternoon of September ist, I was sitting on the
doorstep, with my baby in arms, waiting for the children to come
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST F[RES. 77
home, they having gone to the pasture to bring the cattle; it was
about 5 o'clock p. m. when they came. We went in to supper at
about 5:15; it was so dark that we had to light the lamps, and I be-
gan to feel a little uneasy, especially as my husband was in town.
I came out of the house at about 5:30 o'clock and could see the
woods burning about a quarter of a mile away. I thought it would
be best to let all the stock loose in case the fire should come upon us.
The wind began to freshen and I could see the rapid approach of the
fire; I though that we could fight it with buckets of water, and ?o
remained about the house, but the flames made such headway that I
decided at once to leave the house and everything else to its fate.
I told my children that we would have to eo to McKay's Lake. I
took the baby in one arm and a pail of water in the other hand.
Flora, my oldest daughter, fourteen years old, carried a sheet and two
blankets, and the other two little girls clutched hold of my dress.
The flames were now quite close to us; we had not gone more
than fifty yards when I told my children that we could never
reach the lake. I decided at once to lie down in a rutabaga patch
a few yards off. Just as we crossed the fence, burning cinders began
to fall on us, like flakes of snow or hail stones. I wet the sheet with
the water which was in the pail, left my children on the plowed
ground, and went back to the house for more w?ter. When I was
going back a blazing tree fell and knocked the pail out of my hand,
but I managed to pick it up before the water was all spilled. I hur-
ried as quickly as possible, and just as I reached the fence, a fright-
ened deer ran up to me as if looking for protection. The poor ani-
mal appeared to be dazed, and in a few minutes dropped dead. I
went to where my children were, and wet the blankets. We all lay
down in the turnip patch. The wind was blowing like a cyclone,
and the heat was something awful.
Flora asked me if I thought we should perish. I told her to trust
in God, that he would do what was best for us. I tried to spread the
sheet over the children but the wind carried it away. I tried ths
blanket, but the same thing happened to it. I spread the second
blanket over them. I then got under it Flora and myself on
either side and the children in the middle. The flames were roaring
all around us with a noise like thunder; they seemed to come from
the sky and beat on everything.
Just then, Flora got up from under the blanket to try and find
the blanket which had blown away. I called to her not to go, but
78 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
she either did not hear me, or did not understand what I said; she
ran about one hundred yards towards the fire and fell down, her
clothing burning. I screamed out in my agony for her, but I dared
not go to her assistance. My hair caught fire and my dress across
my shoulders. By this time, the flames were all around us. The
heat was so intense that it soon dried out our blanket; I tried to put
some clay on it as it was burning in places where the sparks had
fallen.
My baby was lying across my breast, and I could hear him gasping
for breath as if he were suffocating. I blew in his mouth and that
seemed to revive him; the other two children never moved and I
did not know whether they were dead or alive. At first I could hear
them gasping as baby did, but I am thankful to say they were safe.
It it had not been for the wet blanket we should all have perished.
When the fire had passed, I got up to see if anything was left. Noth-
ing was to be seen; fire everywhere. I thought of my poor Flora
and wondered if she had suffered much. We remained in the turnip
field all night. The next morning I searched everywhere for Flora's
body, but could not find it. I took the children to the well, and with
water in an old tin washed our eyes. We all walked to Sandstone
over burning stumps, and found that Sandstone had suffered the
same fate. I found my husband, his hands, arms and legs being
badly burned, and I learned from him that my other little girl had
also met a terrible death.
EXPERIENCE OF MRS. DAVID LIFEBRER.
The ist of September is a day which I shall never forget My
husband was in Dakota; living with me were my five children, the
youngest five months old. My brother-in-law, Mr. Bilado, and his
little girl had stayed with us all day. I noticed that about 2 o'clock
in the afternoon the sky became cloudy, and smoke was coming as
if from a fire in the woods. It grew darker and darker; lamps had
to be lighted at 4 o'clock. We could see the reflection of the fire in
the sky, and knew that the woods were burning.
I thought we were safe, as our house stands in the middle of a
clearing. At about 5:30 we heard a noise like lumber piles falling;
we supposed that the lumber piles at Sandstone Junction were on
fire; it sounded just like thunder.
The wind came up suddenly and sparks flew in all directions. Still
we thought we were safe. W r e did not leave the house until it caught
MTXXESOTA FOREST FIRES. 79
fire ; we then ran for a piece of plowed land about thirty yards from
the house, I carrying the baby and a shawl, which I had dipped in
a barrel of water; my oldest girl, seventeen, carried the next young-
est, three years old. The flames were coming down as if from the
sky, and the air seemed to be full of hot sand. We buried ourselves
as best we could in the onion patch and covered ourselves with the
shawl. One cat came running from the woods, mewing in a most
piteous manner and crawled under the shawl. I did not know until
afterwards where my brother-in-law and niece were. We remained
under the shawl for about an hour, until the fire had passed.
The experience was an awful one, the sky seemed to be full of balls
of fire which would explode, keeping up a constant noise like heavy
peals of thunder.
My eldest boy had a narrow escape, he was driving from Sandstone
Junction when the fire overtook him. He cut the horses loose but
they did not escape, he ran into a corn field, and so saved his life.
I had sent my youngest boy to the post office, and th> people there
would not let him go home. He saved himself by going into the
river.
We are thankful to have escaped with our lives. We lost every-
thing we had, but thanks to the relief committee, we shall not starve.
They are taking good care of us, and we are especially grateful to
Mr. Miller, the relief agent, for all his kindness.
EXPERIENCE OF PATRICK REGAN.
I w r as working in the quarry, and I first noticed the smoke in the
air about two p. m. I left the quarry about 2:15 to go to my house
which was about half a mile distant, and when I reached the house it
was so dark I had to light the lamps. The sky got so dark about
3:30 that I thought I would go over to a neighbor's house close by
and ask him what he thought was the matter. He said it was only
an eclipse of the sun which would soon pass over; I told him it was
either fire or a cyclone, and advised him to get his family out of the
house.
We soon found out what was the cause of the darkness. We could
see the sky getting red. I decided at once to move my family into
some place of safety. There was not much time for thought, so I
told them the safest place would be in the river, which was about
eight hundred yards distant from the house. They went for the
river. It was then about 3:30. I remained at the house, pouring
80
MINNESOTA FOREST FIR2S.
REV. A. RYAN, D. C. L.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 81
water on the two stacks of hay which were close by, and which I
thought I could save. I did not leave the place until I saw three
houses burnt around my home. I decided then to -run at once for
the river.
I could see coming from the sky what looked like large balls of
fire; wherever they fell they would explode and set fire to whatever
they touched. I had gone about one hundred and fifty feet from the
house when I remembered one of the cows was tied up in the barn.
I ran back and cut the rope which held her. The poor brute was
almost mad with fright; the barn \\zs on fire. I had hard work to
get the cow to go out the door, but I finally got her out and she
made a run for the river, and I followed her.
While I was running, I saw a woman coming from another direc-
tion, evidently making for the river. I thought I would wait for her
and try to help her along, but the flames traveled faster than she did;
they soon overtook her and she dropped in her tracks, her clothing
all on fire. I did not go to her assistance, as it would have meant
death for me to do so, but made the best of my way to the river.
Before I reached the bank my clothing was on fire in several places.
I could not see my family, so I supposed they had gone into the
water. I looked again up and down the bank, and at last discovered
them with about fifty people, all huddled together, who were afraid
to go into the water. I made the four oldest go in first and pour
water with their hands on the others as fast as they went in, and
when I thought I had them all safe in the water, I discovered that
two of my own children were missing. They had in some way got
separated from the others and were crouching on the bank unable
to move, they were so frightened; one I carried into the river and
asked the other to follow, but she would not, and I could not go
back to her, as the child I was caring for wculd not let go my arms.
I saw my dog Prince in the water and told him to go and bring
Lizzie into the river and hold her there until I came to her rescue.
He did what hef was told and dragged her into the water. I came
and released her. I can thank that dog for saving Lizzie's life. If
she had remained on the bank one moment more she would have
been burnt. We all stayed in the water until the most of the fire
had passed, -about two hours and a half.
The smoke was still very dense, but I thought I would venture
upon the bank and see if I could find a house that had escaped the
flames. I discovered an old powder house in which were four large
82
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 83
kegs of powder. I picked up an old empty powder can, filled it
with water and threw it upon the burning sticks which were lying
about. I made everything safe outside, then went in and carried out
the powder kegs and threw them into the river. I then wet the floor
of the powder house so that there might not be any danger there.
I then went down to the river and brought up as many women and
children as could crowd into the powder house. Two men got m
and would not come out. The women and children were all wet
and cold, so I thought if I could only find a few potatoes and cook
them, the poor people might like it. I picked up an emptv powder
can, filled it with water, put it to boil on some live cinders and very
soon had some nice warm potatoes ready. There were not enough
to go around, so I cooked more until all were satisfied. About 9
o'clock Sunday morning I found a pig which had been partly burned.
I cut it up, made a pan out of some old sheet iron, and soon had
some nice roast pork for breakfast. I helped as many as I could in
that way.
My family and I were taken to Duluth, and I am thankful to say
through the kindness of the relief committee and their agent, Mr.
Mr. Miller, we are very comfortable today.
EXPERIENCE OF PETER PETERSON, SUPERINTENDENT
MINNEAPOLIS TRUST COMPANY'S QUARRIES.
My men and I were at work on September ist at the quarry
about 2 p. m. The sky grew so dark that I sent my men
home. I knew there was a forest fire off toward Hinckley, but I had
no idea that it would touch -jur town. I went to my store where it
was so dark that the lamps had to be lighted and almost every man
outside was carrying a lantern, as if it were night. At 3 o'clock, I
went to the depot to meet the train from Duluth, and try to find
out what they knew about the fire. When I left the depot, a small ,
fire had started about six hundred feet away. I then ordered some ;
of my men who happened to be there to go down to the quarry and
take the horses out of the barn, and also bring out some barrels of
water and try to save as much of the property as possible.
I went back to my house and remained there a short time ; I could
see no signs of a large fire, and thought Sandstone would escape. I
was soon disappointed, as the bridge watchman's son came running
down from the bridge, and asked me to bring some men up, and
try to save his father's house which was threatened. When I reached
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
LEROY THOMAS.
W. D. CAMPBELL.
N. J. MILLER.
GEO. VAN PELT.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 85
his house, the flames had got pretty headway, a fire having started
north of the bridge and the wind was blowing a fresh gale from the
north. I told him to leave his house and bring his family into town.
Just before I left the bridge, the Eastern Minnesota train No. 4 from
Duluth, being unable to go any farther than Hinckley, was backing
up with a train load of refugees from Hinckley, and other places
along the line between Hinckley and Sandstone. The bridge was
not burning when the train passed over, but the woods on the north
side of the bridge were burning fiercely, and the sparks were being
carried by the wind towards the bridge. When I saw the train back-
ing from the town, I thought it was time to try to save what I could.
Just then, I heard a rumbling noise which I thought was thunder.
I could see the fire in the sky across the river; it looked as though
a cyclone were coming upon us, carrying everything before it, then
it died down and I thought the danger had passed. Shortly after
that, a strong wind came up from the southwest ; I then realized that
there would be no chance of saving the town.
I went into the store and blew out the lights, and found my wife
and two children standing outside. The wind by this time was blow-
ing a hurricane, and the flames were burning up everything before
them; millions of sparks were falling and setting fires.
While we were standing outside, undecided what to do, a man
came running past, shouting, "Make for the river!" He said that
Hinckley was all burned up and that Sandstone would share the same
fate. At the time, I did not understand what the man said as the
noise of the storm \vas so great it was impossible to hear. We made
up our minds at once to go to the river, which was about eight hun-
dred yards away. When we were on the main road which led to it,
the people of the town were coming from all directions, and before
we got half way down to the river, the brush, trees and houses on
both sides of the road were burning. I thought we could find suffi-
cient protection behind a pile of small stones on the river bank, but
the heat was so intense that we did not stay there longer than three
or four minutes. We all went into the river, which is, at this place,
about two feet deep. It was impossible to stand in the water and
face the wind and heat and we commenced throwing water over each
other.
We remained in the water until the air had cooled a little it may
have been an hour and fifteen minutes. The smoke was still very
dense; a man on the bank shouted to me that the quarry office had
86 MINNESOTA FOREST FIXES.
escaped the fire, though a stone mill not twenty yards from the office
was a total wreck. I then told as many as could to go to the office,
away from the flying cinders and smoke, and soon the building was
filled; the women and children, suffering from cold and wet, were
glad to find protection.
About ii p. m. the wind went down, and the smoke cleared away
so that the men of the party were able to eo to town. A more deso-
late sight could not be imagined than that which met our gaze not
a house was left, nothing but a few smoking tree stumps, to show
where, an hour before, the thriving little town of Sandstone had
stood. Here and there, could be seen the half charred bodies of men,
women, children, horses and cattle.
The ist of September, 1894, is a day that will never be forgotten by
the survivors of the disastrous fire at Sandstone.
EXPERIENCE OF MR. ANDERSON, CONGREGATIONAL
MINISTER AT SANDSTONE.
Sandstone and Hinckley had been enveloped in smoke many
times during the summer. On the first of September at two o'clock
p. m., we could not see the sun on account of the smoke. The even-
ing before I had been in Hinckley to preach my farewell sermon,
expecting to return to the Chicago Theological Seminary on the
loth of September, where I had a year's work yet to finish.
After my farewell sermon I should have stopped at Hinckley un-
til the next morning, but some way or other, I was so uneasy that
I could not be still, although I did not know of any danger. There
was, so to speak, a voice within me saying that I should go back
to Sandstone that night. After having decided to obey this voice,
I took the St. Paul and Duluth train at three o'clock in the morning-
for Sandstone Junction. But not more than four minutes later
the train stopped because of the fire on both sides of the road, al-
though it did not stop very long before it started through the fire,
and so, about four o'clock I was in Sandstone Junction, and from
there I had to walk three miles that dark night to Sandstone, where
I arrived at five o'clock in the morning.
I wish to write especially about Sandstone. The Swedish Con-
gregational Church of which I was pastor, had prepared to give an
entertainment on the first of September, especially for my benefit be-
fore I should leave them. And at this entertainment I was expected to
speak. I had worked hard about two weeks to prepare myself for
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 87
this address, but had not succeeded, so I thought I would try it
this last day, and I worked and worked with it all forenoon, but did
not get anything out of it. I speak of this because it seemed to
be a warning of the great danger that was coming.
About two o'clock in the afternoon the skies turned red, and all
the earth looked as if it had been dipped in blood; we were all
amazed. And what would happen? All works stopped and every
one went to his home. Oh what a sight! This condition of things
continued about two hours, and then we had to light the lamps, and
the light of the lamps looked like electric lights. Then two men
were sent to see if the fire was so near as it seemed to be; return-
ing, they reported that the fire was about three or six miles away.
Then the fire apparatus was taken out, and the water works were set
in order so that all was ready if the fire should come. The tram
on the Great Northern Railway passed Sandstone at three o'clock
p. m., and when it came to Hinckley the greater portion of the vil-
lage was already in flames, and four or five hundred people were
gathered around the station waiting for the train. But the conduc-
tor on the train saw that it was no use trying to go any further.
He gave orders to the brakeman to switch off on the side track, and
pick up all the empty box cars so as to prepare room for all the
people who were standing round. When this was done, the fire
was so close by that some of the cars began to catch fire, but the
cars were filled with people in a moment, though there was not room
for all who were standing ready to flee for their lives. The train
started at full speed for Superior, leaving many behind. While
this train was in Hinckley, a telegram was sent to us in Sandstone,
saying, "If you love your lives, try to save them." The redness of
the skies had turned black at this time, and it was very dark. The
wind began to blow furiously. All the time before it was very calm.
This was about four o'clock in the afternoon. I went to see the
man in charge of the water works, and told him that he better
go home and take care of his family, but he said he did not dare
to, because if he did he might lose his place. It was so dark that he
could not see to attend to his machine, so sent his little eleven-
year-old boy home to get a lamp, and when he came back the fire
was very near.
Before he went to get the lamp I had left the water works, and
hurried around in the city to warn the people of the impending
danger, telling them to run to the river and save themselves.
88 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Among the people that I warned was one man who said he
had plenty of water without going to the river, enough to save both
his family and his house; though his whole water supply consisted of
five or six barrels and three or four washtubs of water. With the
water in the barrels he would save the house and himself, and with
that in the tubs his wife and children could save themselves.
The next day we found his wife and children lying around the
empty water tubs in the midst of the street, and the husband lying
about thirty feet below every one of them burned to death. There
were also a great many others who did not heed the warning and
likewise perished.
I am now ready to speak about the great fire. It turned out to be
a veritable cyclone of flames. There came, as it seemed to me,
great balls of fire from the sky, and when they were
within twenty feet of the ground, they burst, sending down a
heavy rain of flashing sparks, like a mighty sky rocket exploding
with brilliant display of flashing light. Having warned as many as
I possibly could, I stopped for a moment to think if I had forgot-
ten anyone with whom I was acquainted. Looking around I saw
a light in a cellar window under a house where a family lived that
I was acquainted with. Only a few moments and I was there, burst
in the door and told them to run for the river. There were three
families, and immediately they all started out, but one of the men
became so excited that he left his wife behind with her little six
months' old child and ran all alone to the river with the rest. When
the wife came out she stood there bewildered, not knowing what to
do, and while standing there a gust of the cyclone picked her up
and carried her about twenty-five or thirty feet where she was
dropped among some corn-stalks. The reason that I was not picked
tip by the same storm was, that I stood on the other side of the
house, out of reach of the sweeping elements. After the worst
shock of the hurricane was over, I started for the river, not
knowing but that the rest were already there, but on my way
I heard a cry from the small corn fields near by. There I found
that wife with her little child. I wanted to take the child but she
would not let me. She finally yielded after I had promised to save
her child if I could save myself. I then told her to run for the
river as fast ais she could.
When I started with this little child in my arms, the house was
already on fire, and in another moment it was seized bv the storm
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 89
and carried away. I was then behind a house down below a hill,
or else I would have been carried off that time. From this place
I started off down hill toward the river. Everything around me was
on fire. Coming down to the house where the deacon of my church
lived, the fire had not yet come thither; there I saw a light through
the kitchen window. The kitchen door was open but not a living
soul could be found in or about the house. Looking around, I saw
a watch and some money on the table, but did not stop to take it,
for there was no time to lose. I started through the kitchen
door and was met by fire, so I ran back through the house, aiming
for the front door, but found it locked. It soon yielded to my
vigorously applied push, and out I rushed, straight for the river.
But, alas, when I came out in the midst of the street I was picked
up, with the little child in my arms, by the storm, and carried a dis-
tance of about 1,000 feet, where I was laid down all safe neither I
nor the child was hurt in the least. This storm took us right down
toward the river, and only a short way from where we were dropped
by the storm we found the mother of the child. My clothes had
now caught fire, but the river was close by; I ran and threw myself
right into the water, still having .the little child in my arms. There
were not yet very many in the water, but the banks of the river
were lined with people, ready at any moment to throw themselves
headlong into the water. On the west side of the river were large
boarding houses, and on both sides of the river were a number of
haystacks, all in flames. The fire seemed to soar sky high.
The people in the river were all under water but their heads. The
air that we had to breathe was so hot that it burnt way down into
our lungs. When the people Who had stood on the river bank were
come into the water, we heard the awful cries and wailings from
the poor perishing people up in town who had not heeded the
warning.
In this, our great common despair, we were all praying people;
Christians or non-Christians. The ungodly of all kinds prayed
now to the living God, if they never had prayed before.
But, on account of our great anxiety and weariness we were all
(especially the women, even I, myself,) getting very weak and tired.
I had not seen the mother of the child that I had in my arms since
I was let down by the storm, and now I was so tired and weak that
I began to sink to the bottom of the river, but for a man who hap-
pened to see me sinking and braced me up, I would have drowned.
ill)
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
REV. E. ANDERSON.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 91
I had sunk so deep that the water had commenced to cover the
little child, and when that man lifted me up, I heard the poor little
baby cry. Then I remembered the promise to its mother, and this
seemed to strengthen me, and then they led me over to a log near by,
against which I could rest myself a little while, and here another
man kept throwing water over me and himself, to keep our heads
from being burned by the flames flying around us.
While standing there, the father of the child happened to find me;
recognizing his little child he took it in his arms and kissed it,
and a short time afterwards we found the mother. I was now get-
ting a little stronger so that I could go about and help others. We
had been in the water about two hours when we found a great
block of stone out in the river. On this rock we tried to put all
the weak and tired ones, as many as we could, and then all the rest
who could find room went up on the rock, in all about one hundred
people. On that rock we had the most blessed prayer-meeting I
have ever attended. Then we all joined in praising God with the
following hymn:
THE MIGHTY FORTRESS.
1. To the rock that's higher, take me
From the flames across Jordan's stream.
Take me to that mighty fortress,
Which in every siorm shall stand.
CHORUS: O, thou blessed Rock of Ages,
Let us rest in peace in thee;
Who remaineth firm, unshaken,
Firm to all eternity.
2. Tho' around that mighty fortress
Billows high as mountains roll;
All thfir angry threatening voices
Shall not move my peaceful soul.
3. Oh, what joy that fortress mighty,
Gives me while the moments fly;
Oh, what peace and strength is flowing
From its fountain rising high!
4. Every day that fortress mighty
Fills mv heart with hope and cheer,
Lifting'higher, soul and spirit,
To a holy, boundless sphere.
5. O, thou blessed Rock of Ages,
Life and all I have in thee;
Perish every worldly treasure,
Thou my own shall ever be.
6. Rock of Ages, give, oh, give me,
Strength to sing the praise of love;
With the roaring flames around me,
'Till I rest in peace above.
Translated from Swedish, freely, by K. E. LARSEN.
92 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
This prayer-meeting lasted about a half hour. All combustible
things about us were now consumed, we having been in the cold wat-
er about three hours, this being about eight o'clock P. M., everything
dark about us, except now and then a flash of light from the burn-
ing ruins. Being in this awful condition, shivering, cold, wet, hun-
gry, tired and almost naked, we finally found near by the river,
a sand bank, whither we betook ourselves for rest. While staying
here the stronger men went in search of a temporary s'helter to
which we might bring the poor, suffering mothers, with their little
babes, and others who were severely burned. They found a small
house, having been used for an office, standing all alone, with every-
thing about it burned down, miraculously saved, as it were, from fire,
with not a scorch on it. This we turned into a hospital, and brought
thither our fellow-sufferers, until the whole floor was covered. The
rest of us had to stay on the sand bank all that cold and dismal
night.
We found a half burnt boat by the river side, which we made
use of as a kind of shelter against the raging whirlwind of sand
and ashes. Thus, we remained during the nig'ht.
The next morning the sun looked down upon the black desert of
destroyed homes. Families had been broken up, never to unite
again; the lost were missed and those that remained sought them
with tears. Here was a husband asking "where is my wife?" Here
is a mother crying in despair, "where is my child?"
What a sight the sun beheld as he looked down this beautiful
Sunday morning upon the ruins of former Sandstone.
Here lay scattered, all about, the burnt corpses of my beloved
friends. Amongst these I recognized some of my own church-
members, and about half the children who used to attend our Sun-
day-school. About ten feet from her own) house a mother was
found, burnt to a black corpse, with her two 'little children by her
side, one under each arm. The feeling I had, confronted with this
sight, cannot be translated into words. Tears drowned the power
of utterance, and not a word could I speak.
BREAKFAST ON SUNDAY MORNING.
Not having had anything to eat for over twenty-four hours, we
naturally felt weak and hungry. But where should we find anything
to eat when everything was burnt. We found some pails and went
into the gardens near by and digged up potatoes with our hands*
MIXXESOTA FOREST FIRES. 93
roasted, and all ready to use. I never ate potatoes that tasted so
good.
We also found a calf and three cows, providentially saved, as it
seems, for they too had run into the river. We killed the calf and
milked the cows, and thus provided food for the little babies and
others who could not relish their potatoes as some of us did.
Realizing that we were cut off as to all communications with the
rest of the world the telegraph and railroad being burnt we
sent two men on a five-mile w r alk to Hell's Gate, to find out what
the conditions were there. They found that the boarding house was
saved with provisions on hand for about one day, and returned with
orders to us to walk thither, as many of us as could. Thus we
started off for Hell's Gate barefooted and scantily clad. Fortunately
enough, our friend Air. Hysler, of Sandstone, had succeeded in
saving his two horses and wagon, and they now came to our ser-
vice.
Those who were unable to walk and could stand to ride, were
taken over by him, while some stayed behind to care for those who
were too weak to be moved. In passing through the town we
were almost choked by the stifling air.
REST AND REFRESHMENT AT HELL'S GATE.
Having arrived at this place about one o'clock we enjoyed a
much-needed wash, a hearty dinner, and a refreshing rest.
At midnight I was aroused by two men from Miller's Station sent
by the relief train, with orders for as many as could to walk
to that place. It was my task to awaken the people.
In spite of all precautions, they rushed up crying, "Is there fire in
this house also?" Thus, almost trampling each other down, until
I succeeded in quieting them and convincing them that there was
no danger.
Thus we set out, as many as dared, and felt able, in pitch dark
midnight, from Hell's Gate to Miller's Station, on a five-miles' walk.
But, oh what a terrible walk! Many were without shoes. Their feet
were burnt, sore and bleeding; almost without clothes, cold, tired,
and heavy-hearted ; while the stronger of us carried the little children
in our arms until we were well nigh weighed down.
Arriving at the train, we were taken in hand by kind and sympa-
thetic friends and refreshed with food and tender care. The doctors
dressed our wounds, and experienced, tender nurses cared for our
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 95
sick. We felt glad and grateful, both to God arid man for this
timely relief, for now we felt that we were out of the reach of those
terrible devouring flames.
This train took us to Duluth, where we arrived on Monday morn-
ing at seven o'clock. From the depot we were taken to Armory
Hall, where we found a temporary resting place. Here tables were
stretched from wall to wall, spread with all manner of good things,
by kind and loving friends.
Having myself received food and clothing, I returned with the re-
lief train which left Duluth at 10:30 A. M., Monday, for Sand-
stone and Hinckley, to assist in picking up the dead bodies. We
arrived on the ground of devastation about 2 P. M., and assumed
our terrible work at once. Here we found whole families where the
family ties had been broken by the merciless foe, and father and
mother and children lying scattered about in wild confusion in the
field of death and horror.
Thus we continued our work of picking up the poor unfortunate
ones all along the track and its vicinity. At Sandstone Junction we
divided ourselves into different groups. I was with a group that
went out to the neighboring farms. At one place we found a
family of six and only one had escaped. They had all sought refuge
in the cellar, but no shelter there against the penetrating heat. The
husband tried to get them all out and bring them to the well. But
ere he succeeded in doing so the cruel flames seized his wife, and his
five children and he, himself, escaped barely with his life, badly burnt,
without home and alone in the world. W r e found the little children
lying but a short distance from their mother, as it seemed just as
they had been playing, not very much burned, but life was gone.
At another place we found thirteen people scattered about a little
potato field, all having perished by a like fate. One of the most re-
markable cases was a babe which we found yet clinging with
its little arms about its mother's neck, not very much hurt, though
its mother, lying face down, was burnt in front to a black fire brand.
Many other cases might be mentioned but we will now proceed
to Sandstone. There I found the man in charge of the water works,
whom I had told before of the impending danger to his family, ten
feet down in the ground at the water connection, leaning over his
eleven-year old boy, with clasped hands, as if praying; in that at-
titude he had gone from this world of sorrow, misery and woe.
True to his charge, he left his beloved family and died on his post.
96 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
At another place we found eighteen bodies in one well, of whom
about twelve were children my little Sunday-school children all
dead. But the odor that arose from that well was beyond human
endurance; it cannot be related.
We found one woman sitting in the well on a mattress, stooping
forward a little, with her hands on her knees, apparently alive, but,
alas, no. Thus the husband found his wife that awful Sunday morn-
ing; overcome with grief he cried out in despair, "Nothing further .
for me to live for," and went and drowned himself in a creek.
Only a little ways from here, on a farm, we found a whole family
in the cellar, standing together, with arms clasped around each
other, leaning against the wall all dead. While a neighbor, in
a similar place, saved himself and family by having a great supply
of milk on hand whereby the greedy flames were quenched.
From here I returned to the relief train and went with it to Hinck-
ley, assisting in picking up the dead bodies along the track. In
Hinckly the ruins were still burning, and the bodies in hundreds
were scattered about the town. Here we worked until nine o'clock
in the evening. The corpses were left here for burial on the fol-
lowing day while those belonging to Sandstone and vicinity were
buried at the Sandstone cemetery.
On our way to Hinckley we were joined by a little calf that came
up to the train seemingly to plead for relief. We pitied the
defenceless creature, took him into the train, and gave him
milk, which he evidently swallowed with good appetite, but how he
escaped the fire no one can tell. He was joined a little further along
the road by another fellow-creature of his own kind. That one stood
alone in the gravel pit, having alone escaped the horrid death to
which hundreds of mortals had fallen victims all about him in that
pit; we also took him into our train.
I don't know whether the calves enjoyed it the better, or we. Ev-
erybody seemed to be their friends and enjoyed their company.
These two calves were taken to the county farm where they will
be tenderly cared for and in due time put on exhibition as choice
relics of the few escaped.
We returned thence to Duluth at three o'clock A. M., all tired
out with this sickening work.
As a crowning event at the close of this eventful time, and as a
delightful change, I had the privilege of marrying- a couple that
had saved themselves out of that all-absorbing conflagration. This
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 97
young couple seemed to be cheerful and hopeful, in spite of
the fact that they possessed not a single dollar.
These experiences have sunk deep into my heart. This conflagra-
tion is wider in its sweep and more terrible in its results than any
one can imagine who has not been an eye-witness of the actual
scene.
During all these terrible experiences I was not afraid, for, in the
very flames, I only waited the time, evidently near at hand, when I
should see Jesus, and enter into His rest.
EMIL A. ANDERSON.
98
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
PARTRIDGE.
D REYIOUS to the fire, Partridge, although not a large town, was
doing a heavy business, largely lumbering interests centering
there.
It contained several dwellings, owned by H. Hogenson, J. John-
son, Mrs. May Boyington and R. L. Saundcrs (night operator for
the Eastern Minnesota Railway Company), two stores, one owned
by T. O'Xeal, the other by T. C. Kelly; one hotel owned and man-
aged by D. Boyington.
The Eastern Minnesota railway station, together with the day
telegraph work, had been successfully run by May Boyington (wife
of D. Boyington), for five years previous to the fire.
When Partridge was threatened, Mrs. Boyington bravely kept to
her post; even when the train arrived bearing the Hinckley refugees,
she refused to leave, waiting until the fire was upon them. Then
leaving her own property she remained to gather up such valuables
as she could carry belonging to the company, barely escaping with
her life.
The fire left most of the Partridge people homeless and without
money. O'Xeal Brothers, J. Fleming, D. Boyce and Welch, Done-
van & Co., were heavy losers.
The residents consider their escape from the fire miraculous, as
it burst upon the town with sudden fury.
GEORGE VAX PELT.
On the first day of September, 1894, I left West Superior on
extra at 2:30 p. m., with engine 206, Fireman Albert McMahon.
Conductor J. C. Cardie, Brakeman Joe Allen, and Kid Nelson,
who lost his father in the fire. We got as far as Dedham, which
is about fifty-three miles from Hinckley, where we received orders
to lay up on account of fire, and if the fire got so close as to en-
clanger the train, to come back to West Superior.
100
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
REV. PROF. POOLE, M. A.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 101
On the arrival of the passenger train from Hinckley, we got or-
ders to take five empty box cars from our train, proceed toward
Hinckley, and rescue all we could of those unable to get on the
passenger train. While waiting at Dedham, I had a few minutes
conversation with Engineer Best, of the passenger train, who told
me the condition of things along the line toward Hinckley. I stop-
ped two or three times between Kerrick and Partridge (the latter
place fourteen miles from Hinckley) and cut trees off the track, which
had blown down.
When I got within three miles of Partridge, I met people running,
they knew not where, only trying to get away from fire. I stopped
and they told me that the people of Partridge had run to a little
lake about a quarter of a mile north of the track. Partridge con-
sisted of a lumbering camp, general store, depot, hotel and a few
dwellings. The only relic of the place left is the water tank.
Then I proceeded toward Hinckley until I came to a bridge on
fire, when I could go no farther, and started back, picking up peo-
ple as I went, and when opposite the lake, I whistled, and they
came toward the track as fast as they could, as the woods were then
all on fire. We got all but three or four people, who were over-
come with heat and gave up, so they could not be saved. All told we
brought about two hundred refugees in on our train/'
ALBERT IT. McMAHOX.
The following is a correct statement of the work of our trainmen
at the time of the great fire, to the best of my knowledge and belief.
"On Saturday afternoon of September first, 1894, we left West
Superior, Wisconsin, about 2:30 p. m. for St. Cloud, Minnesota,
with an extra freight train in charge of J. C. Cardie, conductor, and
George Van Pelt, engineer. The weather was hot and smoky. When
we arrived at Boylestown, six miles from West Superior at 3:30
p. m. we had to light our head light and cab lamps, as well as
others.
"We reached Dedham, which is fourteen miles from West Su-
perior, at five p. m. We had in the meantime received instructions
from headquarters to tie up at Dedham, until further orders, as the
fire was so close to the track that it was dangerous to proceed with
the train any further. We side tracked our train until the arrival
of passenger and local freight from Hinckley with the rescued on
board. At 8:30 p. m. we received a message to take five cars and
102 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
the way car and go to Partridge to rescue what people were there
alive. From Dedham we went to within half a mile of Partridge.
The fire was very bad, and the air was hot and oppressive, almost
to suffocation. Between Mansfield and Partridge we stopped our
train three or four times to chop the burned and fallen trees from
off the track.
"When within one-half mile of Partridge, we came to a burning
bridge and found it was not safe to pass over. Some one informed
us that the people had fled to a lake in the woods some distance
from Partridge ; so we backed up the train slowly to a logging road
and sounded the whistle to let the people know we were there. This
was about one o'clock, the morning of Sunday, September second.
We were about one hour loading the poorly clad people on our
train, which backed up slowly to West Superior, arriving at six a. m.
"There were about sixty families as near as I can judge, number-
ing, all told, about two hundred. ALBERT H. McMAHOX,
"Fireman on 'Extra.' "
"Though oft depressed and lowlv"
"All my fears are laid aside"
"If I but remember only
Such as these have lived and died." Longfellow.
"Through envy of the Devil came death into the world. But the souls of
the righteous are in the hands of God, and there shall no torment touch
them. In the sight of the unwise they seemed to die; and their departure is
taken for misery, and their going from us to be utter destruction ; but they
are in peace. For though they be punished in the sight of men, yet is their
hope full of immortality, and having been a little chastened they shall be justly
rewarded for God proved them and found them worthy of himself. They
that put their trust in God shall understand the truth, and such as be
faithful in love shall abide with him; for grace and mercy are to his saints,
and he hath a care for his elect." THE WISDOM OF SOLOMON.
FOREST FIRES OF SEPTEMBER 1, 1894.
DEATH LIST.
1. Abbey, Cora Age 27, wife of Albert Abbey, residence, I mile
north of Hinckley; identified by X. Sherman; no valu-
ables found except i locket and a few trinkets; has
sister in Langford, S. D.
2. Abbey, Albert Age 33, married, husband of Cora Abbey,
residence I mile north of Hinckley; found near his home
and identified by X. Sherman; has father and mother in
Michigan.
3. Abbey, Floyd Age 7, son of Albert and Cora Abbey; found
with his parents.
4. Abbey, Lloyd Age 9, son of Albert and Cora Abbey; found
with his parents.
5. Arndt, Miss Mattie Age 18, single, residence Hinckley, par-
ents live near Montrose, Minn.; unidentified; nothing
found but buttons, etc.; reported by B. C. Bartlett.
6. Anderson, Anthony Age 62, married; residence, Sandstone.
7. Anderson, Airs. Age 58, wife of Anthony Anderson.
8. Anderson, Male, age 6, son of Anthony Anderson.
9. Anderson, Male, age 10, son of Anthony Anderson.
10. Anderson, Male, age 12, son of Anthony Anderson.
11. Anderson, John G. Age 48, residence Hinckley, husband Oi f
Airs. Emily Anderson; not identified.
12. Anderson, Airs. Emily Age 45, wife of J. G. Anderson; not
identified.
13. Anderson, Chas. G. Age 21, son of John G. Anderson, was
found i mile north of Hinckley, identified by C. Yan-
hoven. H. S. Bartlett, and others; buried in Hinckley
cemetery.
]Q4 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
14. Anderson, Emily Age 18, single, daughter of J. G. Ander-
son, was not identified ; has uncle in Mdorehead.
15. Anderson, Frank Age 35, married, residence Sandstone, hus-
band of Mrs. F. Anderson, Xo. 16.
16. Anderson, Mrs. Age 32, wife of Frank Anderson, above de-
scribed ; residence, Sandstone.
17. Anderson, Boy, age 6, son of Frank Anderson.
1 8. Anderson, Boy, age 7, son of Frank Anderson.
19. Anderson, Mrs. Engla Age 32, married, wife of August An-
derson; residence, Sandstone; found in Halvorsen's well
with 17 others; identified by August Anderson.
20. Anderson, - Female, age 9, daughter of August An-
derson, found in well with her mother.
21. Anderson, Female, age 7, daughter of August An-
derson, found in well with her mother.
22. Anderson, August Age 36, married; residence, Sandstone.
23. Anderson, Mrs. Age 36, wife of August Anderson; residence,
Sandstone.
24. Anderson, Chas. Age 35, married; residence, Brook Park.
25. Anderson, Child, age 4, son of Chas. Anderson; res-
idence, Brook Park.
26. Anderson, - Child, age 5, daughter of Chas. Ander-
son; residence, Brook Park.
27. Anderson, Child, age 8, son of Chas. Anderson.
28. Anderson, Mrs. Age 35, wife of Chas. Anderson.
29. Burke, John Age 40, married; residence, Hinckley; wife
living in Sandstone; John Burke was not identified.
30. Bilado, Emma Age 8, daughter of Peter Bilado; residence,
Sandstone; parents living in Sandstone; this girl was
found near her home.
31. Bilado, Xora Age 13, daughter of Peter Bilado, found near
her home; identified by her mother.
32. Berghaln, Magnus Age 24, single; residence, Sandstone.
33. Brodd, Alfred Age 29, married; residence, Sandstone.
34. Brodd, Mrs. Age 26, married, wife of Alfred Brodd.
35. Brodd, - Age , daughter of Alfred Brodd.
36. Brodd, - -Age 8, son of Alfred Brodd.
37. Burns, Robert Age 35, single; residence, Sandstone.
38. Brayman, James W? Age 27, single; residence, Brook Park;
found in woods east of the section house: identified by
his father; father's residence Brook Park.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 105
39. Barnes, James Age 35, single; residence, Pokegama; son of
Robert Barnes, Pokegama; identified by his father.
40. Barnes, James Age 25, single, found on wagon road, 2 miles
south of Pokegama; identified by his father, Robert
Barnes.
41. Best, John Age 63; residence, 2 miles south-east o'f Hinck-
ley; found on road, 60 rods west of his house; identified
by his son Christian; buried at Hinckley; identified by
a jack knife which he carried.
42. Best, Eva Age 60, married, wife of John Best; found with
John Best in the road west of the house; identified by
Christ Best.
43. Best, Bertha Age 18, single, daughter of John and Eva Best;
identified by Christ Best.
44. Best, William Age 21, single, son of John and Eva Best;
not identified.
45. Best, Fred Age 23, single, son of John and Eva Best; not
identified.
46. Best, George Age 25, single, son of John and Eva Best; not
identified.
47. Best, Victor Age 8, son of John and Eva Best.
48. Bean, James Age 48, married, wife living in Eau Claire, not
identified; perished in swamp north of Hinckley.
49. Burke, John, Sr. Age 65, father of John Burke, No. 29; res-
idence, Hinckley, with his son; his body was not iden-
tified, supposed to have gone across the river, north of
Hinckley.
50. Blanchard, Mrs. Age 29, married, wife of John Blanchard,
of Hinckley, body found at St. P. & D. round house;
identified by her husband; buried in Hinckley.
51. Blanchard, Frank Age n, found with his mother at round
house.
52. Bee, Stephen Age 16, son of Alex and Hannah Bee; resi-
dence, south of Hinckley; could not be identified.
53. Curry, Michael Age 38, married; residence, i mile north of
Hinckley; all of family burned; has brother in Mich-
igan; found three-fourths of a mile north of his home;
identified by N. Sherman and Jos. Tew; buried at
Hinckley.
54. Mrs. Curry Age 30, wife of M. Curry, found i mile north of
her home ; identified by N. Sherman and Jos. Tew.
106 MINNESOTA FOREST FTRES.
55. Curry, Willie Age 12, son of Mike Curry, found with his
mother; identified by his being with his mother.
56. Cain, David Age 54, married; residence, Rock Creek; was
in Hinckley on visit; found in swamp I mile north of
Hinckley; buried at Hinckley.
57. Cain, Mrs. Age 50, wife of David Cain, found with husband
in swamp north of Hinckley.
58. Chambers, Louis Age 24, married, came from Illinois to
Hinckley; found on Section 12, Town of Hinckley; iden-
tified by N. Sherman, by his personal appearance ; and
knife and buttons.
59. Crowley, Jerry Age 59, widower; residence, Hinckley; tound
in gravel pit north of Hinckley; identified by Dr. D. W.
Cowan, of Hinckley; buried at Hinckley.
60. Corbett, Thos Age 57; residence, Hinckley; burned in the
woods north-east of Hinckley, near Kettle River.
61. Costigan, William Age 50; residence, Hinckley; not iden-
tified; supposed to have perished in swamp one-half mile
north of Hinckley.
62. Costigan, Mrs. Effie Age 41, wife of William Costigan.
63. Costigan, Miss Effie Age 15, daughter of William Costigan.
64. Costigan, Irma Age 15, daughter of William Costigan.
65. Costigan, Myrtle Age 10, daughter of William Costigan.
66 Costigan, Jennie Age 7, daughter of William Costigan.
67. Costigan, William Age 5, son of William Costigan.
68. Costigan, Hazel Age 2, daughter of William Costigan.
69. Conniker, Jas. Age 50, single; residence, Hinckley; has
sister living in Pine City; was not found.
70. Donahue, Ellen Age 37, married; residence, Hinckley; found
in swamp one-half mile north of Hinckley; husband
lives in Hinckley; she was identified by him, and buried
in Hinckley.
71. Donahue, Esther Age 8, daughter of Dan Donahue; found
in swamp with her mother; burned beyond recognition.
72. Donahue, Katie Age 10, daughter of Dan Donahue, found in
swamp with her mother; identified by Dan Donahue.
73. Donahue, Mary Age 12, daughter of Dam Donahue; found
with her mother.
74. Dunn, Thomas Age 25; residence, Hinckley; son of Mich-
ael Dunn, of Hinckley; was recognized by appearance
and jewelry; was buried at Pine City.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 107
75. Demet, William Age 26, single; residence, Sandstone.
76. Dagerstrom, Chas. Age 20, single; residence, Sandstone.
77. Erickson, Mrs. Mary Age 42, wife of O. Erickson; resi-
dence, Sandstone.
78. Eck, Xels Age 39, married; residence, Hinckley; not iden-
tified.
79. Edstrom, Sophie Age 60, widow; residence, Sandstone.
80. Edstrom, Mrs. Age 30, wife of Ed. Edstrom; residence,
Sandstone.
81. Edstrom, Age 8, daughter of Ed. Edstrom.
82. Edstrom, Age 6, son of Ed. Edstrom.
83. Edstrom, Age 4, son of Ed. Edstrom.
84. Edstrom, Age 2, daughter of Ed. Edstrom.
85. Frisk, Caroline Age 42, married; residence, Hinckley;
burned in swamp north of Hinckley, but not identified.
86. Frisk, John Age 10, son of Mrs. Nels Frisk; was burned
with his mother.
87. Frisk, Richard Age 2, son of Xels Frisk; burned with his
mother.
88. Frisk, David Age 7, son of Xels Frisk; burned with mother
in swamp, one-half mile north of Hinckley.
89. Englund, Age 3, son of Peter Englund; residence,
Sandstone.
90. Englund, Age 5, son of Peter Englund.
91. Englund, Age 7, daughter of Peter Englund.
92. Englund, Age 9, son of Peter Englund.
93. Englund, Age n, son of Peter Englund.
94. Englund, Aged 12, daughter of Peter Englund.
95. Englund, Age 14, daughter of Peter Englund.
96. Englund, Mrs. Age 43, wife of Peter Englund.
97. Englund, Peter Age 44, married ; residence, Sandstone; found
in well with others on Halvorsen's lot; the entire family
was burned at Sandstone.
98. Fitzgerald, Pat Age 47, married; residence, Hinckley; not
identified.
99. Fitzgerald, Mrs. Mary Age 42, wife of Pat. Fitzgerald; not
identified.
100. Fitzgerald, John Age 14, son of Pat. Fitzgerald; not iden-
tified.
101. Fitzgerald, Mary Age 13, daughter of P. Fitzgerald; not
identified.
]08 MINNESOTA FOREST PIPES.
102. Fitzgerald, Pat Age 12, son of Pat Fitzgerald.
103. Ginder, William Age 47, married; residence, Hinckley; sup-
posed to have burned across the river; not identified;
has brother living near Hinckley.
104. Ginder, Mrs. Winnie Age 45, wife of William Ginder; rec-
ognized and buried in Hinckley.
105. Ginder, William, Jr. Age 9, son of William Ginder; was not
identified.
106. Ginder, James Age 9, son of William Ginder; not iden-
tified.
107. Grissinger, Mrs. C. Age 35, wife of William Grissinger; res-
idence, Hinckley; identified and buried by her husband.
1 08. Grissinger, Miss C. Age 10, daughter of Mrs. Grissinger;
identified by William Grissinger; buried with her
mother.
109. Grissinger, Mabel Age 8, daughter of William Grissinger;
identified by her father; buried in Hinckley.
no. Granstrum, Mary Age 7, daughter of Andrew Granstrum;
residence, Hinckley; was burned in swamp, one-half
mile north of Hinckley; not identified.
in. Ginder, Winnie Age 8, daughter of William Ginder.
112. Greenfield Age 7, son of M. E. Greenfield; residence, Fin-
layson; identified by his father.
113. Greenfield, Age 15, daughter of M. E. Greenfield.
114. Greenfield, Age 8, daughter of M. E. Greenfield.
115. Greenfield, Age 5, daughter of M. E. Greenfield.
116. Greenfield, Age 3, daughter of M. E. Greenfield; the
Greenfield children were identified by the locality where
they were found.
117. Goodsell, David Age 25 single; residence, Pokegama; has
parents living in Polk county, Wisconsin.
n8. Guhldahl, Andrew Age 30, single; residence, Sandstone.
119. Hanson, Mrs. Age 29, wife of Ed. Hanson, No. 2; residence,
Hinckley; burned in swamp one-half mile north of
Hinckley; not identified.
1 20. Hanson, Mrs. Clara Age 30; residence, Hinckley; burned in
swamp, one-half mile north of Hinckley; not identified.
121. Hanson, Axel Age 39, married; residence, Hinckley; burnerl
in swamp one-half miles north of Hinckley; identified by
Otto Kowalke, of Pine City, and others ; buried in Hinck-
ley; leaves wife living in Hinckley.
MIXXESOTA FOREST FIRES. 109
122. Hanson, Henry Age 35, married; residence, Hinckley; iden-
tified by watch, etc.; buried at Hinckley; leaves wife and
6 children in Hinckley.
123. Hanson, Ed. Age 45, married, family in Duluth; not found;
burned in swamp north of Hinckley.
124. Hanson, Mrs. Sophie Age 44, married, burned in swamp
one-half mile north of Hinckley; not identified.
125. Hathaway, Mrs. Age , married, found one-half mile east of
Hinckley; reported by A. G. Perkins.
126. Hjerpa, Karin Age 62, married, mother-in-law of Xels Frisk,
burned in swamp one-half mile north of Hinckley; iden-
tified by the locality in which she was found.
127. Henderson, John Age 12, son of Thos. Henderson; resi-
dence, Pine City; burned in the woods north of Hinck-
ley; identified by the father and buried in Pine City.
128. Henderson, Sandy Age 13, son of Thos. Henderson; found
with his brother.
129. Hopps, Mrs Age ^.8, married; residence, Sandstone.
130. Hoffman, Henry B. Age 81, married; residence, Sandstone;
was burned near his home; identified by his son, Robert
Hoffman, of Pine City; buried at Sandstone.
131. Hoffman, Mrs. Age 79, wife of H. B. Hoffman, found with
her husband
132. Jones, Thos. Age 45, widower, found on top of Hinckley
Hill; buried in Hinckley.
133. Johnson, Mrs. Annie Age 31, wife of Peter Johnson, found
on St. P. & D. Ry. track; buried in Hinckley; identified
by Nels Frisk; address of friends, John Pearson, Hinck-
ley.
134. Jensen, Peter Age 33, husband of Mrs. Annie; residence,
Hinckley; burned in swamp north of Hinckley.
J 35- Jensen, Albert Age 10, son of Annie and Peter Jensen, found
with his mother on railroad track; identified by Nels
Frisk; buried in Hinckley.
136. Jensen, Annie Age 12, daughter of Peter Jenson, found with
her mother on the railroad track north of Hinckley.
137. Johnson, Alfred Age 29, single; residence, Hinckley.
138. Johnson, Ernest Age 27, married; residence, Sandstone.
J 39- Johnson, Mrs. Age 25, wife of Ernest Johnson.
140. Johnson, Age i, daughter of Ernest Johnson.
HO MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
141. Kelly, Jas. Age 43, single; residence, Hinckley; burned near
Kettle River; identified by Ernest Hogan, who was with
him; buried in Pine City.
142. Kjellen, Peter Age 29, married ; residence, Sandstone.
143. Kjellen, Mrs. Age 28, wife of Peter Kjellen.
144. Kjellen, Age 10, son of Peter and Mrs. Kjellen.
145. Kjellen, Age 8, daughter of Peter Kjellen.
146. Kjellen, Age 6, son of Peter Kjellen.
147. Lind, Mrs. Age 32, wife of Lind; residence, Sand-
stone Junction.
148. Lind, Age 10, daughter of Mrs. Henry Lind.
149. Lind, Age 8, son of Mrs. Henry Lind.
150. Lind, Age 6, daughter of Mrs. Kerry Lind.
151. Lind, Age 4, son of Mrs. Lind.
152. Lind, Age I, son of Mrs. Lind.
153. Lovell, Thos. J. Age 38, married; residence. I 1-2 miles north
of Hinckley; found 60 rods south-east of his house;
came from Pierpont, S. D.; identified by N. Sherman.
154. Lovell, Louise Age 35, wife of Thos. J. Lovell; found with
her husband; buried with rest of family in Hinckley.
155. Lovell, Esther Age 14, daughter of Louise Lovell; identified
by being near her parents.
156. Lovell, Chester Age n, son of Thos. J. Lovell; identified
by being found with his parents.
157. Lief, Lottie Age 18, single; residence, Hinckley; not iden-
tified; reported by B. C. Martlett.
158. Larson, Erick Age 22, single; residence, Pokegama; found
I mile east of Pokegama section house; identified by
Hans Nelson; thought to have relatives at Mud Creek,
Pine county.
159. Martinson, Mrs. I. Age 36, wife of Martin Martinson, of
Hinckley; found in river at Hinckley, near the wagon
'bridge: identified by husband; buried in Hinckley.
160. Martinson, Ida Age 9, daughter of Martin Martinson; found
in river near her mother.
161. Martinson, Emma Age 7, daughter of M. Martinson; found
with the mother.
162. Martinson, Hilda Age 5, daughter of M. Martinson; found
in Grindstone river, with her mother; identified by her
father; buried in Hinckley.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. Ill
163. Martinson, Age 2 months, daughter of M. Martinson;
found with mother in the river.
164. Murphy, Mike Age 40, husband of Mrs. Nancy Murphy, of
St. Paul; residence, Hinckley; was not found; supposed
to have been burned in the mill yard at Hinckley.
165. McDonnell, John Age 27, married; residence, Hinckley; was
seen to go over the railroad bridge with others; none
returned; was not identified; has father, Jas. McDonnell,
in Wauzeka, Wis.
166. McDonell, Bertha Age 27, was seen to cross St. P. & D. Ry.
bridge, with her husband; was not identified; reported
by Michael Dunn.
167. Molander, Fred Age 25, married; found in well near his
house.
168. Molander, Mrs. Age 25, wife of Fred Molander; found in her
house; identified by proximity to her house, and having
children in her arms.
169. Molander, Age 3, daughter of Fred Molander.
170. Molander, Age I, son of Fred Molander; identified
by A. Berg.
171. Mattison, Hans W. Age 20, single, burned in swamp one-
half mile north of Hinckley; not identified; has parents
living in Eau Claire, Wis.
172. McXamara, Mrs. Age 48, wife of John McXamara of Rut-
ledge; found on railroad track, north of Hinckley; iden-
tified, and buried at Hinckley.
173. McXamara, John Age 14, son of Mrs. McXamara; found on
track with his mother.
174. McXamara, James Age 12, son of Mrs. McXamara; found
and buried with his mother.
175. McXamara, Michael Age 8, son of Mrs. McXamara; found
and buried with his mother.
176. Xelson, Mrs. Betsy Age 42, married, wife of Xels Xelson;
residence, Hinckley; not found; burned in swamp one-
half mile north of Hinckley; reported by her husband.
177. Xyberg, Maggie Age 20; residence, Hinckley; not iden-
tified; has relatives in North Branch, Minn.; reported by
B. C. Bartlett.
112 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
178. Nesbit, William Age 38, single; residence, Hinckley; burned
in swamp, one-half mile north of Hinckley; Albert Fra-
zer, of Hinckley, saw him die; identified after death by
watch, jewelry, etc. ; has brother in Eau Claire, Wis.
179. Nelson, John Age 26, single; residence, Sandstone.
1 80. Newstrom, Gust Age 33, married; residence, Hinckley.
181. Newstrom, Mrs. Age 31, wife of Gust Newstrom.
182. Newstrom, Age 3, daughter of Gust Newstrom.
183. Nelson, William Age 25, single; residence, Hinckley.
184. Nelson, Louis Age 28, married; residence, Hinckley.
185. Nelson, Mrs. P. M. Age 32, married; residence, Hinckley.
1 86. Olson, Otto Age 38, married; residence, Hinckley; not iden-
tified; supposed to have burned in the swamp, one-half
mile north of Hinckley: has wife left.
187. Olson, Age i, son of Otto Olson; found in the river.
1 88. Olson, Age 9, daughter of Otto Olson.
189. Olson, Age 4, son of Otto Olson.
190. Olson, Miss Lena Age 18, single; residence, St. Paul; found
with the Molander family at Pokegama; was a sister of
Mrs. Molander; identified by being found with Molander
family.
191. Olson, Chas. Age 22, single, brother of Mrs. Molander, of
Pokegama; identified by A. Berg; buried at Pokegama.
192. Olson, Nora Age 14, sister of Chas. Olson; found with Mo-
lander family; buried at Pokegama.
193. Olson, Oscar Age 16, brother of Chas.; found with sister;
identified, and buried at Pokegama,
194. Peterson, Emily Age 12; residence, Sandstone.
195. Peterson, Emil Age 29, single ; residence, Sandstone; found
in the village of Sandstone; identified by C. Staples; has
brother, Gust Peterson, in Sandstone; buried in Sand-
stone.
196. Pennoyer, William Age 24; residence, Hinckley; found on
railroad track ; fell from the train that was burned ; iden-
tified by Walter Gray.
197. Raymond, Thomas Age 35, married; residence, Pokegama;
found one-half mile north-east of his residence; identified
by pipe, etc.; has friends in West Superior; buried in
Pokegama.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 113
198. Raymond, Mrs. Age 35, wife of Tlios. Raymond; found with
her husband; identified by purse; buried with her hus-
band; reported by W. Brayman; friends at Grand Forks,
N. D., and Fond du Lac, Wis.
199. Raymond, Edward Age 10, son of Thos. Raymond; found
one-half mile north-east of village; buried with his par-
ents.
200. Raymond, Age 2, daughter of Thos. Raymond.
20 1. Raymond, Age 6, son of Thos. Raymond.
202. Ricketson, E. Age 71, father of William Ricketson; resi-
dence, Hinckley; found in Hinckley; buried in Hinck-
ley; came from Minneapolis.
203. Riley, Dennis Age 40; residence, Hinckley; found north of
his home, between the tw 7 o tracks; identified by L. S.
Miller and Conductor Sargent; address of friends, J. Mc-
Xamara, Rutledge; had $2,000 insurance in Oskosh Ac-
cident; has i boy left.
204. Riley, Mrs. Winifred Age 35, wife of Dennis Riley; supposed
to have been burned in swamp, one-half mile north of
Hinckley.
205. Riley, Thos. Age 15, son of Dennis Riley; not identified.
206. Riley, - Age 5, daughter of Dennis Riley; not iden-
tified; supposed to have burned with her mother; buried
in Hinckley.
207. Roclgers, John Age 39, married; residence, Hinckley; born
in Canada; found in Hinckrey, near railroad track; iden-
tified by W. DeLong.
208. Roclgers, Mrs. R. Age 26, wife of John Rodgers; found near
her husband; identified by being near husband; buried
with rest of family in Hinckley.
209. Roclgers, Mary Age 4, daughter of John Rodgers; found
with mother.
210. Rodgers, Minnie Age 2, daughter of John Rodgers; found
with parents.
211. Rodgers, Age 7 days, son of John Rodgers.
212. Rowley, Otto Age 43, found near Skunk Lake; identified,
and taken to Duluth.
213 Robinson, John Age 44; (no further information.)
214. Robinson, Mrs Age 40, wife of John Robinson.
114
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 115
215. Robinson, Age 13, son of John Robinson.
216. Robinson, Age n, son of John Robinson.
217. Robinson, Age 9, son of John Robinson.
218. Reynolds, L. Age 54, married; residence, Hinckley; born
in Mair.e ; not identified ; burned in swamp, one-half mile
north of Hinckley.
219. Reynolds, Mrs. Age 40, wife of L. Reynolds, burned on a
wagon with rest of family; not identified.
220. Reynolds, Age 9, daughter of L. Reynolds; not
identified; burned in swamp north of Hinckley.
221. Reynolds, Age 6, daughter of L. Reynolds.
222. Reynolds, Age 6, daughter of L. Reynolds.
223. Reynolds, Age 2, daughter of L. Reynolds.
224. Rustin, S\ven Age 29, married; residence, Hinckley; not
identified.
225. Rustin, Mrs. Age 27, wife of Swen Rustin.
225. Rustin, Age 7, daughter of Swen Rustin.
227. Rustin, Age 4, daughter of Swen Rustin.
228. Rustin, Age 2, son of Swen Rustin.
228. -Stromberg, Chas. Age 45; residence, Hinckley; not found;
probably burned in swamp, one-half mile north of Hinck-
ley; entire family burned except I son, Charles, who is
now in Sioux City.
230. Stromberg, Mrs. Age 36, wife of Chas. Stromberg; not
found; supposed to have burned in swamp, one-half mile
north of Hinckley.
231. Stromberg, Age 8, son of Chas. Stromberg; burned
with rest of family.
232. Stromberg, Victor Age 10, son of Chas. Stromberg.
233. Stromberg, Age 8, son of Chas. Stromberg.
234. Stromberg, Age 4, daughter of Chas. Stromberg,
235. Stromberg, Age 2, daughter of Chas. Stromberg.
236. Stromberg, Joseph Age 43, married; residence, Hinckley;
(nothing further known.)
237. Stromberg, Mrs. Mary Age 42, wife of Jos. Stromberg.
238. Stromberg, Oscar Age 13, son of Jos. Stromberg.
239. Stromberg, Albert Age u, son of Jos. Stromberg.
240. Stromberg, Mary Age 9, daughter of Jos. Stromberg.
241. Strombe-rg, Augusta Age 6, daughter of Jos. Stromberg.
242. Swanson, August Age 38, married; residence, Sandstone.
116
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA. FOUEST I 'TRES. 117
243. Swanson, Airs. Age 32, wife of August Swans on.
244. Swanson, Age 10, daughter of August Swanson.
2^5. Sanderstrom, Thos Age 56, nothing certain of his being
identified; buried in Hinckley.
246. Sherman, Fred Age 31; residence, i mile north of Hinckley;
found 80 .ods from house; identified by knife, etc.; re-
ported by X. Sherman.
247. Sherman, Mrs. Eva Age 24, wife of Fred Sherman ; found in
root house; buried in Hinckley.
248. Sherman, Ralph Age 7, son of Fred Sherman; found with
his father.
249. Sherman, Earl Age 6, son of Fred Sherman; found near his
father; buried at Hinckley.
250. Sherman, George Age 4, son of Fred Sherman; found near
his father.
251. Sherman, Bina Age 2, daughter of Fred Sherman; found
with parents; identified by X. Sherman.
252. Sherman, William Age i, son of Fred Sherman; found with
his parents; buried in Hinckley.
253. Sherman, Albina Age 26, wife of Xoble Sherman; residence,
Hinckley; found near the house; identified by breast-
pin and other jewelry; reported by X. Sherman, her hus-
band.
254. Sherman, Flora Age 7, daughter of Xoble Sherman; found
near her mother; identified by X T . Sherman, her father,
who is going to Riversdale, Mich.
2"5. Sherman, John Age 5, son of X. Sherman; found with his
mother.
256. Sherman, Leslie Age 3, son of X. Sherman; identified by
his father; buried in Hinckley.
257. Sherman, Romanzo Age i, son of X. Sherman; found with
his mother; the entire family was buried in Hinckley.
258. Schlano, Paul Age 26, single; residence Hinckley; burned
in swamp, one-hair miie north of Hinckley; identified
by his uncle, P. Leake, of Taylors Falls; was taken to
Taylors Falls, and buried there,
259. Stromberg, Chas. Age 28, married ; residence, Hinckley.
260. Stromberg, Mrs. Age 28, wife of Chas. Stromberg.
261. Turgeon, Mr. T. Age 26, married; residence, Hinckley; not
identified; leaves family living in Hinckley.
118 MTNNESCTA FOREST FIRES.
262. Westby, Thos. Age 38, married; residence, Hinckley; no1
identified.
263. Westby, - Age 34, wife of Thos. Westby; not iden-
tified.
264. Westby, Age i, daughter of Thos. Westby; not iden-
tified.
265. Westby, Thos., Jr. Age 10, son of Thos. Westby.
266. Westby, Sophie Age 8, daughter of Thos. Westby; uniden-
tified.
267. Westby, Age 5, son of Thos. Westby; unidentified.
268. Westby, Age 3, son of Thos. Westiby ; this entire fam-
ily was burned in the swamp, one-half mile north of
Hinckley; none were identified.
269. Weigle, Anton Age 33, married; residence, Hinckley; not
foun; 1 ., but supposed to be among the unidentified bodies
taken from the swamp, one-half mile north of Hinckley;
reported by Christ Best.
270. Weigle, Eva Age 22, wife of Anton Weigle; was burned
with her parent, John Best ; was not found.
271. Weigle, Winnie Age 4, daughter of Anton Weigle; not iden-
tified.
272. Weireter, Airs. Age 24, wife of Geo. Weireter; residence,
Hinckley; not identified; husband lives in Hinckley.
273. Whitney, Albert Age 30, married; residence, Pokegama;
found on railroad track, by William Wilkinson and D.
Alarkham; buried where found.
274. Wall, John Age 38, married; residence, Sandstone.
275. Wall, Airs. Age 37, wife of John Wall.
276. Wall, - Age 6, son of John Wall.
277. Wall, Age 4, son of John Wall.
278. Wall, - Age , daughter of John Wall; this family
was buried in Sandstone.
279. White, Thos. Age 33, married; residence, unknown; found
near Hinckley; was an explorer.
280. Webster, Airs. Belle Age 26, wife of Lee Webster, mayor of
Hinckley; not identified; former home in Iowa.
281. Wallace, Anna Age about 35; residence, Hinckley; died in
hospital from burns; reported by AI. Garity.
282. Wacke, Airs. Sophie Age 2;, married; residence. Hinckley.
283. Wacke, Age , infant daughter of Sophie Wacke.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 119
284. Westlund, Mrs. Age 29, married, wife of John Westlund;
residence Hinckley.
285. Westlund, Age 2, daughter of Mrs. Westlund.
286. Westlund, Age 4, daughter of Mrs. Westlund.
287. Wold, Louis Age 44, married; residence, Hinckley; iden-
tified by John Pearson; buried in Hinckley; burned in
swamp, ojne-half mile north of Hinckley; buried in
Hinckley.
288. Wold, Alfred Age 12, son of Louis Wold; not identified;
burned with parents in swamp, one-half mile north of
Hinckley.
289. Wold, Mrs. L. Age 35, wafe of Louis Wold; burned in
swamp north of Hinckley; not identified.
290. Wold, Ida Age n, daughter of Louis Wold; not identified.
291. Wold, Christ Age 6, son of Louis Wold.
292. Wold, Baby, about I year old, son, of Louis Wold;
the entire family was burned in swamp, one-half mile
north of Hinckley; none of them were identified, except
Louis.
293. Wold, Louis, Sr. Age 72, father of Louis Wold; burned
one-half mile north of Hinckley, in swamp.
294. Westlund, John Age 39, married; not identified; his wife is
now in Duluth.
296. Westlund, Age 2, daughter of John Westlund.
297. O'Brien, Belle Age 20, single; residence, Hinckley.
298. Dolan, Emma Age 24, single; residence, Hinckley; not
identified.
299. Anderson, Andrew Age about 23; residence, Hinckley;
worked in saw mill for Brennan Lumber Co.; not iden-
tified; reported by William Bruce.
300. Dahlgren, John Age 19; residence, Hinckley; worked in
saw mill; not identified.
301. Hopkins, Nathan Age 50; residence, I 1-2 miles west of
Hinckley, found in Hinckley; not identified.
302. Hopkins, Airs. -Age 40, wife of N. Hopkins; burned in
Hinckley; not identified.
303. Hopkins, Walter Age 13, burned with rest of family in swamp
one-half mile north of Hincklev; unidentified.
120 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
304. Peterson, Peter Age 24, single; residence, Hinckley; not
identified; probably burned in swamp north of Hinckley.
305. Parrish, Jos. Age 21, single; residence, Hinckley; not iden-
tified; burned in swamp, one-half mile north of Hinckley.
306. Evans, Chas. Age 38, married; residence, Hinckley; not
identified.
307. Campbell, Age, 47; (nothing further known.)
308. Paulson, Airs. Hans Age 33; residence, Hinckley; not iden-
tified ; burned in swamp north of Hinckley.
309. Paulson, Age , daughter of Hans Paulson.
310. Paulson, Age 4, son of Hans Paulson.
311. Paulson, Age 5, son of Hans Paulson.
312. Paulson, Age 7, son of Hans Paulson; none of this
family were identified.
313. Hopkins, Bertha Age 8, daughter of N. Hopkins; not iden-
tified; burned in swamp north of Hinckley, with her
parents.
314. Hopkins, - Age 3, son of X. Hopkins; burned in
swamp, one-half mile north of Hinckley.
315. Unknown Male; 'height, 5.10; weight, 165; wore heavy
laced shoes, woolen ribbed socks; nothing on body;
found in swamp, one-half mile north of Hinckley.
316. Unknown Boy; age about 12; knee pants; long, black
ribbed stockings; shingle nails found in pocket; found
one-half mile north of Hinckley.
317. Unknown Girl; age about 13; weight, 90; found on railroad
track, near the round house, in the village of Hinckley;
burned beyond recognition.
318. Unknown Man; age about 24; weight, 160; wore Bloucher
laced shoes and Bedford cord pants; small silver watch,
case Xo. 25107; $3 in silver; i Yale padlock key; hair
burned off; probably sandy.
319- Unknown Man; weight, 170; 'body well formed; no cloth-
ing on; found on top of Hinckley hill.
320. Unknown Female; age about 45; dark hair, tinged with
gray; plain gold earrings; height, 5.02; wore low gaiter-
shoes; 2 plain gold rings on finger of left hand, also ring
set with red stone; found in swamp, one-half mile north
of Hinckley.
321. Unknown-Male; weight, 160; short, gray beard; checked
shirt; heavy shoes; 40 cents in silver; jack knife.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 121
322. Unknown Male; age about 25, wore low gaiters; 73 cents
in silver; door key Xo. 14; pencil with rubber; large
jack knife, and plug of Spear Head tobacco. Hinckley.
323. Unknown Male; age about 40; found on country road, I
mile from Hinckiey: burned beyond recognition; noth-
ing but shoes left on his body; weight about 150.
324. Unknown Male; age about 40; weight about 140; height,
5.08; had on striped woolen shirt; silver watch and
chain, with bull's head engraved on case; body found in
swamp, one-half mile north of Hinckley.
325. Unknown Male; found in mill yard; only bones and a few
buttons left; buried in Hinckley.
326. Unknown Male; age about 35; found near Skunk Lake;
evidently a passenger from the train; nothing left on
foody but a pair of shoes; buried in Hinckley; reported
by E. Stephan, C. Vanhoven and J. G. Howard.
327. Unknown Male; found in lumber yard; only jack knife,
watch and buttons left ; not enough found to be buried.
328. Unknown Found in engine room of saw mill in Hinckley;
only a few bones.
328. Unknown Female; age about 25; found in swamp, one-half
mile north of Hinckley.
330. Unknown Female ; age about 20; dark hair; gold breast
pin; nothing further known; found on top of Hinckley
hill.
331. Unknown Male; age about 38; found in swamp, one-half
mile north of Hinckley; nothing to identify him.
332. Unknown Male; age about 40; weight, 160; sandy hair;
wore low gaiter shoes.
333. Unknown Female; age about 18; gold hair pin; found on
top of Hincklev hill: buried in Hinckley.
534. Unknown Female; baby, about I year old; found in swamp,
one-half mile north of Hinckley.
335. Unknown Male; age, 28; found in Hinckley.
336. Unknown Age about 50; found near Skunk Lake; supposed
to be a passenger from burned limited train.
337. Unknown Age about 50; weight, 150; height, 5.09; taken
from ruins of Hans Paulson's house in Hinckley; buried
in Hinckley.
338. Unknown Girl; age, 12; found in Hinckley.
122 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
339. Unknown Girl; age, 10; found on railroad track, near
Hinckley; buried in: Hinckley.
340. Unknown Male; age, 35; weight, 170; well built; webbing
belt around waist; gray trousers, with longitudinal stripe;
i door key and 5 cents in silver, trunk key and Swedish
newspaper.
341. Unknown.
342. Unknown Male; age, 60; weight, 200; sandy hair; wore
heavy buckle shoes; found near Hinckley.
343. Unknown Boy; age, 16; found near Hinckley; burned be-
yond recognition; buried in Hinckley.
344. Unknown Male; age, 12; found near Hinckley; buried
near Hinckley; nothing to identify.
345. Unknown Female: age, 12; found in Hinckley on railroad
track; buried in Hinckley.
346. Unknown Female; age about 6 months; found in swamp,
one-half mile north of Hinckley.
347. Unknown Only buttons and bones left; found near Eastern
Minnesota track on the north side of the river.
348. Unknown Male; age, 25; found at Pokegama; not iden-
tified; buried in Pokegama.
349. Unknown Girl; age about 5; found near track at Pokegama;
buried at Pokegama.
350. Unknown Man; age about 30; found near the place where
the limited train burned; buried in Hinckley.
351. Unknown Female; age about 20; weight, 120; found in
swamp, one-half mile north of Hinckley.
352. Unknown Male; burned beyond recognition; found 2 miles
north of Hinckley; buried where found.
353. Unknown Girl ; age, 3 ; found in swamp, one-half mile north
of Hinckley; buried in Hinckley.
354. Unknown Girl; age about 18; found i mile north of Hinck-
ley, on railroad track; nothing else to identify; buried in
Hinckley.
355. Unknown Female; age, 26; found north of Hinckley.
356. Unknown Female; age, 16; found near Hinckley.
357. Unknown Girl; age, 6; found in swamp, one-half mile north
of Hinckley.
358. Unknown Male; age about 27: found on top of Hinckley
hill; burned beyond recognition; buried where found.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 123
359. Unknown Male; age, 14; found north of Hinckley ; nothing
to identify; buried in Hinckley.
360. Unknown Female; age about 60; found near Hinckley;
nothing further known.
361. Unknown Male; age, 13; found near Hinckley.
362. Unknown Male; age, 24; found i mile north of Hinckley,
near Eastern Minnesota railroad track.
363. Unknown Male; age about 19; found in Hinckley.
364. Unknown Male; age, 2; found where limited train burned;
buried in Hinckley.
365. Unknown Nothing but particles of bones left; found in the
woods north of Hinckley.
366. Unknown Male; age, 45; found near Hinckley.
367. Unknown Female; age about 45; height, 5.03; weight, 140;
found on top of Hinckley hill; buried in Hinckley.
368. Unknown Girl ; age, 10; wore black cashmere dress ; button
shoes; black stockings; found in swamp, one-half mile
north of Hinckley.
369. Unknown Female; burned beyond recognition; found on
Ernest Hogan's place, 3 miles east of Hinckley; buried
where found.
370. Unknown Female; burned beyond recognition; found 3
miles east of Hinckley; nothing to identify; buried where
found.
372. Unknown Boy; age about 12; knee pants, white waist;
found in swamp, one-half mile north of Hinckley.
373. Unknown. Male; only bones left; found between St. Paul
& Duluth and Eastern Minnesota tracks, north of Hinck-
ley.
374. Unknown Female; age, 7; found north of Grindstone river,
just outside the village.
375. Unknown Male; age, 25; found 100 yards from St. Paul &
Duluth track, north of Hinckley.
376. Unknown Male; age about 30; found in swamp north of
Hinckley; watch with hair chain and locket; weight
about 150; buried in Hinckley; nothing but shoes left
on body.
377- Unknown Male; age, 25; burned beyond recognition; bur-
ied in Hinckley.
378. Unknown Baby; age about i year; found in road, one-half
mile north of Hincklev.
124 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
379. Unknown Male; age, 7; found on track i mile north of
Hinckley; wore laced shoes; body burned beyond recog-
nition.
380. Unknown Female; age, 6; found near the river in Hinckley.
381. Unknown Infant; found near baby carriage in swamp, one-
half mile north of Hinckley.
382. Unknown Woman; age about 30; gray woolen dress; found
in the woods one-half mile north of Hinckley.
383. Unknown Woman about 40; weight about 160; found be-
side track, one mile north of Hinckley hill.
384. Unknown Male; age about I year; found on road, one-
fourth mile north of Hinckley.
385. Unknown Girl; age, 10; burned beyond recognition; found
one-half mile north of Hinckley.
386. Unknown Male; age, 25; found on county road; buried in
Hinckley.
387. Unknown Male; age, 40; found on county road.
388. Unknown Male; sandy complexion; age, 40; weight, 160;
height, 5.08; blue blouse, striped pants, silk handkerchief
and tobacco pouch; thought to be a lumber piler for
Brennan Lumber Co., Hinckley; found one-half mile
north of Hinckley.
389. Unknown Male; age about 40; weight, 190; height, 5.10;
wore heavy buckled shoes; found on bank of the river,
near the saw mill, Hinckley.
390. Unknown Male; age about 25; found on track at Pokeg-
ama; burned beyond recognition.
391. Unknown Male; age about 70; found near old gravel pit;
buried in Hinckley.
392. Unknown Baby; female; age about 3 months; found in
swamp north of Hinckley.
393. Unknown Boy, age, 6; found i mile north of Hinckley,
near railroad track; burned to a crisp; buried in Hinck-
ley.
394. Unknown Boy; age about 12; found i mile north of Skunk
Lake; burned beyond recognition.
295. Unknown Woman; found in Hinckley; burned beyond rec-
ognition.
396. Unknown Child; agfe about 4; only bones left.
397. Unknown Male ; height, 5.10; found one-half mile north-
east of where train was burned ; buried in Hincklev.
MINNESOTA FOhEST FIRES. 125
398. Unknown Woman; found north-east of Hinckley; burned
beyond recognition.
399. Unknown Child; found north-east of Hinckley; burned be-
yond recognition.
400. Unknown Man; only bones and buckle of heavy shoes left.
401. Unknown Female; age about 50; weight, 130; found in
swamp, one-half mile north of Hinckley.
402. Unknown Child; age, 2; found in swamp, one-half mile
north of Hinckley; buried in Hinckley.
403. Unknown Lumberman; age, 45; weight, 170; height, 5'.io;
buried in Hinckley.
404. Unknown Girl, age, 17; found one-half mile north of Hinck-
ley; buried in Hinckley.
405. Unknown Girl; age, 7; found with body of Airs. William
Costigan.
406. Unknown Girl; age, 5; found with Mrs. William Costigan;
burned beyond recognition.
407. Unknowm Girl; age, 14; found north of Hinckley, near
Great Northern railroad track.
408. Unknown Man; age, 40; weight, 150; buried in Hinckley.
409. Unknown Boy; age, 3; found in swamp, one-half mile north
of Hinckley.
410. Unknown Girl; age, 6; found in swamp, one-half mile north
of Hinckley.
411. Unknown Lumberman; age about 30; wore blue mackinaw
suit, heavy shoes; found 2 miles north of Hinckley.
412. Unknown Girl; age about 16; found i mile east of Pokega-
ma; buried in Pokegama.
413. L'nknown Male; nothing but bones and jack knife found;
burned in mill yard.
HINCKLEY, MINN., Nov. 24, 1894.
This is to certify that the foregoing death list is correct to date, to
the best of my knowledge and belief.
D. W. COWAX, M. D.,
Coroner, Pine County.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
REV. FATHER BURKE, M. A.
"THE NO. 4 LIMITED."
F HIS is one of the few trains which in the northwest, and in the
railway world, will become historic from the fact that it was in the
greatest fire Minnesota ever had and that it was all burned except
the engine and tender, and its passengers had to escape for their
lives. All were saved except one. The heroism of those in charge
of the train has been told wherever English is spoken, and will live
in song and story as long as knowledge of the fire exists. It is
easy fcr men who were not there to say what could have been done,
which was not, but it will ever stand, clear as a mountain peak in
sunlight, that ro man left his post or was untrue to his trust at
a time v;hen it looked as if the heavens would pass away and the
earth melt with fervent heat.
The St. Paul and Duluth Railway Company runs a train daily
on fast time from Duluth to St. Paul. It usually starts from Du-
luth at 1 155. Such trains are always of-icered by men of known
character, skill, and experience. The risks are far too great to
place them in any other hands. On the day of the fire No. 4 was
in charge of Thomas Sullivan, conductor, Beaumont street, St. Paul,
who had been seven years in th-e company's service; James Root,
of White Bear Lake, engineer, who had been in their employ more
than 22 years. J. McGowan, St. Paul, fireman, seven years in the
service; J. W. Blair, St. Paul, porter of chair car, seven years in
the company's employ. The news agent was Herman J. Mawnhart,
St. Paul. These were the men who passed the fiery ordeal with such
distinction. Only one passenger was lost, Mr. Rowley, and he no
doubt was bewildered and thus parted from the other passengers.
ST. PAUL, MINN., April 20. 1895
REV. WILLIAM WILKINSON, DEAR SIR:
Replying to your favor of the i/th inst, please note the information
you ask entered at the bottom of your letter. A. L. Thomson
was agent at Miller at the time of the fire, but has since been trans-
ferred to Hugo. 127
128 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Your letter of the i7th inst. to Mr. Brooke has been referred
to me and in answer thereto I beg to say that we had about 22 miles
of main track badly damaged, being obliged to replace about 22,000
ties in the above length of track. We lost one open culvert o\
about twelve foot span and two pile trestles, one 30 feet long and
the other 70 feet long. In addition to this all of the ties were
burnt on our steel through span bridge over the Grindstone river
at Hinckley, the length of this bridge being 90 feet. In addition
to the above loss all of the company's buildings at Hinckley con-
sisting of the following: Station building, two section houses, tank
and pump house, coal bin, turn-table, and engine house, were de-
stroyed. All the tracks in Hinckley yard were made impassable
by the fire. The station building at Miller was also destroyed.
As I believe I have already advised you all of the coaches in out
train No. 4, of September ist, were burned, the train consisting oi
one combination car, one day coach, and two chair cars; engine
was badly damaged. In addition to the above 32 freight cars were
destroyed and about 18 miles of fence. Yours truly,
L. s. 'MILLER,
Ass't. Gen'l. Manager,
WHITE BEAR LAKE, Feb. 3, 1895.
REV. WILLIAM WILKINSON, DEAR SIR:
I am glad to learn you are to write up the Hinckley episode, to
which, I feel sure, your graphic pen will do ample justice.
During the Anglo-African war of 1879, journeying in India, al-
most every night for nearly a year I witnessed many a scene of
death and disaster, but never anything so appalling as what you
nd I saw at Hinckley that dread Monday evening, when, standing
between the living and the dead, we spoke words of consolation
and religion. Shall we ever forget those tragic scenes of clouds
of fire and smoke, of charred men and beasts and trees? Was it
not a magnificent panorama in miniature of the end of the world?
I never realized so vividly this great event described in Holy
Scripture as I did during the four days I spent in the burnt dis-
trict tending the sick, consoling the desolate and burying the dead,
in company with my dear friend, Father Bajice, pastor of Rush City.
We buried the dead at Hinckley, Pine City and Rush City, not to
mention that we also attended the hospital and the homes of the
unfortunate ones.
I served as a member of the general and burial committees.
Yours trulv, T. BURKE.
MINXESOTJ. FOREST FIRES. 129
JAMES ROOT IX THE FIRE.
The St. Paul & Duluth Limited, Xo. 4, left Duluth Septem-
ber ist, 1894, at 1:55 p. m. The day was rather cloudy
and very sultry. As we started out, ' I remarked to my xireman
that we were liable to have a storm. We continued without any
special experience until \ve reached what was known as the junc-
tion, where it got very dark and very warm. After \ve left Carletcn
we lighted our cab lamp (to see the water glass), and the lamps
in the coaches were all lighted, I understood. We continued our
journey, seeing nothing unusual in regard to forest fires, but were
running through total darkness about forty miles.
Just before I came to Hinckley hill the smoke (or cloud) had
cleared away so I could see Hinckley very clearly, and I discovered
a number of men and women running towards the track, from all
directions. I said to my fireman, "There is something wrong,"
and I applied the air brake and stopped the train. The first three
females to approach were an old lady and two daughters. I got
off the the engine and asked \vhat was the trouble. The only re-
ply was, "For God's sake, will you save us?" I told them to get
aboard the train. People kept coming, but there was no fire that
I could see, in any direction. The people kept climbing in. Mr.
Bartlett and his wife, who kept the eating house, were -bout the
last couple that came. I asked Mr. Bartlett to tell me what was
the trouble at Hinckley. He said "Every thing is burned tp!
Everything is on fire, including the depot and track house." I said.
"Get aboard the train and we will go back to Skunk lake." I said
to Sullivan, the conductor, "Look after the end of the train. I am
going back to Skunk lake." He said, "We will never get there
alive.'' I said, 'Then we will die together," and I pulled the engine
out and started. Mr. Bartlett and his wife got aboard the engine
and just as I got on and was reversing the lever, the wind arose,
I looked towards Hinckley and saw a small cloud of smoke or dust
at the bridge. Before I opened my engine there came an explosion
and it broke the cab window and carried a piece of the glass to
the further end of the engine cab. That fell and struck me on the
side of the head and cut a gash in my neck and on the forehead.
The left side of my head and face were pretty well cut up, although
I didn't feel anything the worse. The cut in my neck bled a great
deal pretty much all the blood in my body, I should think. The
end of my train ignited at that moment, and the fuel car even the
top of big Hinckley hill I heard a hollering and saw three men flee-
130
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
JAMES ROOT.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 131
ing. I shut the engine off and applied the air. I took a second
thought and said to myself "If I stop the windlass it will stop the
train and we shall all be burned alive." I opened the throttle. Two
of those men got onto the pilot. One man caught onto the pilot
for a short distance and fell off and was burned. The other man
rode to Skunk lake on the pilot. There he got off. After we got
over the top of Big Hinckley hill it appears that I fainted and fell
back in my engine. I presume my engine must have run a mile
or a little more, probably nearly two miles; when I came to again
I looked up at the gauge. The engine was going very slow; I
was just approaching Little Hinckley Hfll, within a mile of the Hinck-
ley line. I had only 95 of steam. I had my hand on the throttle.
I presume that in leaning over I had shut the steam off to a certain
extent, but not wholly. It was very dark. I didn't think we were
at our destination, so I opened the throttle again. Nobody was on
the engine but myself. I saw my fireman stick his head out of the
water hole of the tank. When, or in what position I was when
he left I don't know. I presume I must have been on the seat, but
I don't know anything about that. He came out of the water hole.
When he got to me my head was swinging back and forth again.
He put out his hand to stop me from falling. The water dripping
from his coat sleeve spattered my face and I said, "My God! give
me some more of that." It seemed to revive me. I said, "Go and
draw a pail of water," and he did so and I dipped my hands right
into the pail. I said, "My hands are all burnt. I don't dare rub
them for fear of rubbing the flesh off." My hands were all puffed
up. He says, "Mine are burnt, too," and he dipped his in the water
also. Then I took the pail and said, "Let me have it and put some
more water in." He said he didn't know where it was. I brought a
light and showed him a little water at the side of the track. I knew
there was none for fifteen miles except this. I stopped on Skunk
lake bridge. We were a little too far and I said I would pull ahead
about a car length. I did so, and then fell again, through weakness.
I said, "Leave me alone and go help the passengers into the water."
He said, "You can't live here." I told him to go, that I was all
right. I concluded I could take care of myself. He left me and
took the pail and undertook to throw water onto the cars so the pas-
sengers could get out of the coaches. He came back to help me,
and he and another man assisted me onto the ground and I hurried
myself into the water and laid there, I don't know how long prob-
132 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
ably three or four hours. I became very numb had no feeling
from my hips down. I pulled myself onto the land and laid there
awhile. Feeling came back to me and I commenced to chill. I
said, "I am going to get warm, somehow. I am going back to the
engine." It was along towards ten or eleven o'clock I don't just
know what time. He says, "You can't live on the engine for the coal is
all on fire." He assisted me and I laid down on the deck of the
engine. I told him then to get the men to come help shovel the
coal out of the tank. He came back and said, "I can't. It is too
much." I says, "Get down under the engine and let the engine
off and we will run away." We did so and stayed the balance of
the night. Everything about the coaches burned up.
During the night Air. Anderson, of Minneapolis, came to me and
wet my eyes with a cloth. The great difficulty seemed to be with
our eyes.
The first relief crowd came from Duluth. I started to go with the
crowd back that way, but I was too weak; I saw I would take up
the room of three or four, so I let the other folks go and I remained
there for another train. An hcur and a half or two hours after-
wards there came a relief crowd from Hinckley with hand cars and
push cars. I got on one of those push cars, and with the assistance
of Saunders, who supported my head, stayed there until we got to
Hinckley. There we found a relief train waiting to convey us to
Pine City and thence to St. Paul. I got off at White Bear, where I
lived. Dr. Francis Clark came and dressed my wounds.
Robert M. Bell, superintendent and secretary of Duluth Union
Depot and Transfer Co., at Duluth, twenty-five years a railroad
man with St. Paul and Duluth all the time, writes:
We left Duluth on train for the south at 1:55 p. m., September ist,
1894. No danger apparent till within a mile of Hinckley, at a few
minutes past four, was due there at 4:10. Here the refugees began
to appear which caused us to stop. The passengers saw the flames
coming from a southwest quarter, driven by a strong wind. They
saw at once what the conditions were; the glass was all broken and
driven in from that side, and they at once took the middle aisle and
called for water. A little fellow who was with his father shouted,
"O father, we are dead!"
I was at the end of the car. Blair and I began to pass out water
from the ladies' toilet room. Blair was a colored porter on the
chair car. At this time the car was on fire underneath. This was
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 132
kept up until the train stopped. Hinckley Big Hill is two miles
from Hinckley proper; after this is another hill called Little Hinckley
Hill; the top of this is about four miles from Hinckley proper, and
about a mile and a half from South Skunk lake. This was a race
for dear life to get to the lake. One woman took on badly; she
fainted and some of the passengers bathed her face, etc. I got out
and tried to put out the fire under the car; it was useless. The por-
ter brought down a fire extinguisher; it could not be used. I called
my daughter and started to walk the track, to the north. We got
to the hand car house and broke it open; "necessity knows no law."
We got a hand car which had a keg of water on. How the people
did gulp that down! We filled the car with people and made for
the station house.
Sullivan, the conductor, \vent in to see what he could find out by
telegraph, but the wires south of Miller were all down and I was
called to come in. Sullivan was sitting on a bench and some of
the people were bathing his head with water. He said, "O, Mr.
Bell, all the passengers are burned!" When he was quieted down I
asked the agent what the chance was for a train from the north.
He said Roper had orders to come from Willow river and was ex-
pected to be here in fifteen minutes. I was thinking whether it
would be safe to proceed with our hand car. The agent, Mr. Thom-
son, said that it certainly would not be safe, because Roper with
his train was liable to come any time; and besides, the woods were
on fire just north of us on both sides of the track. This was the
safest place anyhow, this part of the country was all burned over,
nothing more remained to be burned except the station house and
a few cars. We decided that he was right. We then threw the
hand car off the main track onto the siding. The flames soon be-
gan to come again, and in sheer self defense we began to walk
north. We walked probably two and one-half miles, to near Fin-
layson depot, which is three and six-tenths miles from Miller. Here
we were met by Roper's train. He was conductor, Peter Kelly was
the engineer. They were the first people we had seen, and of course
wanted to know all they could be told about the disaster. We told
them all we knew. They said, "You go to Finlayson, which is near;
we will go as far as we can, help all we can, come back sure and
pick you up on our way home to Duluth." This is what we did
We found water and had an opportunity to wash, and we found a
pitcher of milk and drank it. Soon the hot waves began to reach
134
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 135
us. We were not going to take a^ny more chances we could avoid,
and we set again north. There were twenty-one persons in this
party in all, Airs. Bartlett, my daughter Josie, fourteen years old,
and Freight Conductor Wellman's daughter, May, about the same
age. We kept on walking until we came to a big cut, about two
miles north of Finlayson. We sat down and heard Roper's train
on its way toward us ; no sound could be more welcome. They took
us on. This train brought us to Willow River station. It had on
the refugees they had picked up from Root's train. Here we met
the first relief train from Duluth, in charge of David H. Williams,
who is yard master on the St. Paul and Duluth road at Duluth.
We had a doctor on board our train, who attended to our eyes ; the
smoke, heat and cinders had mad'e our eyes too painful to endure
and hard to see. Several of our party had to be led by the hand.
Air. Williams, yard master, Mr. Vance, general agent of the St.
Paul and Duluth railroad at Duluth, asked us what the extent of
the calamity was and what was the general situation. I told them
all I knew. The relief train returned with Mr. Vance in charge,
Air. Williams, with Roper's engine, tender and box car. We went
to Miller, found three trestles burnt out. These we repaired with
supplies \ve had with us in the box car. We went on half a mile,
found a trestle, twelve feet wide and twelve feet deep, burnt out, and
had not material enough to repair it. Took the hand car and started
on, leaving engine.
We had Dr. Magie (who is the company's regular surgeon,) and
Dr. Codding, Conductor Roper and part of his crew, and at a point
near old Sandstone Junction we found the corpses of a lady and
four children near two other children, all beside the track, bodies
nude. With the second two children was a lady's traveling bag,
leather, one of the old style. We tried to open it to see if it con-
tained anything to show who the dead were, but we could not open
it. We threw it on the hand car and started on our way to Skunk
lake. When daylight came, we broke open the bag; it contained
$3,500 in currency certificates of deposit. It was the property of
Mrs. McNamara, the wife of section foreman at Hinckley, and it
was his wife and family who lay in the stillness of death. It was
given to the owner.
We kept on till we got to Skunk lake. Here we saw the coal
of Root's train afire; all was still. I said to Dr. Magie, "Can it
be they are all dead? Let us holler." We did so, and were
136 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
promptly answered by many voices from the swamp. We ran to-
ward the people. The first man we reached was Senator Dougher-
ty, of Duluth, next Mr. Blades, manager of Crown Hardware Co.,
Duluth, John Blair, the colored pcrter, \vho told us all he could.
The two doctors began to treat all who suffered. One man had a
cut in his leg from glass flying 'from the window in the car ; all had
trouble with their eyes. We found how many could walk three
miles; some said they could; most said we will stay till a train can
be got here. We left the doctors in charge of the people and made
our way to the engine we had left. Then we went to Rutledge, about
nine miles, woke up the mill men of the mill company, got timber,
tools and mill hands, and took them to the burned out culvert to
repair it. We got it fixed in the early morning. I never saw men
respond quicker than those Rutledge men did, or work harder.
The culvert repaired would not have taken a gold medal for beauty,
but it was good, and firm as a rock.
We went to the people at Skunk lake, loaded them on and also
an old greyhound. I took care of him, helped to keep him, but
when well, he left me. He is a tramp now about town here. We
got back to Miller but could go no further, because of its being
a single line to Duluth, and I had telegraphed from Rutledge when
I went for the supplies and men, to start another relief train and
to fetch the people to Duluth, and told them to come to Miller re-
gardless of me. The wires were down from Miller to Rutledge,
so in the interests of safety I had to wait at Miller with my train
and people, and here we had to stay half an hour, then had men take
hand cars and flag me to Rutledge. Met the Duluth train and
placed the refugees on this train. Wellman was in charge as con-
ductor and Engineer Killroy. My conductor, Roper, I instructed
to follow to Carlton, this being a coal and water station. I came on
with Wellman, but when I got to Willow River, I found the set-
tlers and citizens alarmed for their safety should fire break out, so
I had Roper stay with his train at that place to take the people
away if need be. We got to Duluth about 12:30 Sunday noon.
Went back after dinner with another train to repair the track ; worked
all day and night clearing wreck and repairing trestles, and met
Assistant General Miller and Master of Transportation Mr. Brown,
about 10 a. m. Monday, September 3d. They had come from the
south on a hand car. Traffic was resumed over all the road on
the afternoon of that day.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 137
STATEMENT OF HON. FRANK B. DAUaHERTY.
I was one of the passengers en the St. Paul and Duluth Limited on
September ist and had with me my son, Otto, a lad about ten years
old. It had been smoky for several days and this had annoyed us
from the start, but at Barnum it grew so dense that the porter lit
the lamps. The lights, however, for some reason, seemed but very
dismal attempts at illumination. At Miller this darkness became
less heavy, the densest smoke seemed to have been lifted into a
cooler stratum of air and this lit up the atmosphere in a very pecu-
liar way into a sort of dull, glowing, yellowish twilight, which had
a brilliant but at the same time unnatural effect on things within
range of vision.
Of course the kind and extent of the danger we afterwards ran
into had not been anticipated, but it could not be denied that things
wore an exceedingly ugly outlook ahead. At one time I fancied
I saw a great mass of flames, "a sea of flame," in fact, some miles ahead
over the timber, but my apprehensions, and I think those of my fel-
low passengers generally, were confined to the danger we might run
into in going through the forest region. It had never occurred
to me, at least, that we might be compelled to run back. Nothing
more startling happened on the "run" from Miller toward Hinckley,
than that the smoke increased as we approached, until we were
"flagged" a mile or so this side of that place by the people coming
to meet us. This took place in an old clearing or meadow, and
here the smoke lifted again so much that it was made a subject for
remark, for we seemed to breathe freer and could see clearly through
it the people streaming along toward us. As they were assisted
into the cars we gathered from them that the whole surrounding
country seemed to be on fire and that Hinckley was burning up.
The brightening of the atmosphere was but a cruel illusion, prob-
ably due to the smoke being driven forward to give place to the
destructive element itself in its living force, for even while the poor
people were yet coming, a stream of fire struck the train from the
southwest, leaving it ablaze underneath and in other more inflam-
mable parts. At this the train commenced to move backward and
the poor unfortunates who did not reach us in time must have per-
ished in a peculiarly cruel way within the very sight of relief, and yet
the laws of self preservation could not have permitted the saving of
another life, for in less than the minute the train itself, the fancied
haven of refuge for so many, was in the midst of a terrific struggle
138
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MR. BARTLETT.
MRS. BARTLETT
f
*c
BRAKE/WAN MONAHAN.
R. BELL.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 139
for existence, it was in fact running "a cheek and jowl" race with
death. The run to Skunk lake has been described so often that I
do not care to enter into the details minutely again. That the
unprecedented occurrences should create a commontion among the
passengers need not be said. Several gentlewomen fainted from
shocks of terror in the car my son and I occupied, and that both
men and women became strongly excited in different ways and to
different degrees, goes without saying. Those who, like myself, rad
somebody else to see to, were probably the best off, as their solici-
tude for the loved ones would to a certain extent take the mind from
self and so rob the situation of some of its terrors. Thus Mrs.
Saunders, of St. Paul, had seven young charges some of them her
own to care for, and I do not think there was a lady on the train
that showed more self command. My son Otto became alarmed
at the unusual occurrences and the excitement prevailing, and turned
his frightened face up to me with, "Have we got to die papa, have
we got to die?" I summoned all my strength for his sake ind un-
dertook to assure him as well as I could that it would be best for
him to keep very still and quiet, for as long as the cars were mo -ing
all would be well. In this way, or some such way, I succeeded in
quieting him, when a great big fellow, evidently a religious fanatic,
with eyes bulging out of his head went through the car shout-
ing, "We are all going to heaven together." I was very angry with
him for undoing my work and frightening all the children and
passengers as well, and said to him very decidedly, that it might be
so, but I wished he would keep his pious opinions to himself.
The apprehension that something would stop the train, hung very
heavily on my mind; in fact we did experience several severe lurches
as if it had struck obstructions and cleared them with difficulty.
These lurches may have been due to the sinking of the track over
burning culverts or to branches from burning trees fallen across
it, or it may have been to passing over bodies of flesh, brute or
human; whatever the cause was, had the obstruction been heavy
enough to stop the train, no power on earth could have saved us.
I knew nothing of Skunk lake at this time or of any attempt to
get there. I supposed we were simply running to get out of the
fire, and I have since been thankful that I did not know, for it would
have added to the hopelessness of our situation. That our engine
was running short of water at this time, that we could not have
got farther than that place from this cause alone. But there was
140
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
f
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 141
yet another reason that would have made it impossible to proceed
farther; the train was burning up. The day coach was entirely en-
veloped in sheets of flame so that most of the people in leaving it
had their clothing or wearing apparel caught and their hands or
faces singed or blistered. The rear chair car was not yet burning
so badly but that it might have been saved, and 1 suggested to Con-
ductor Sullivan that it be uncoupled and shoved back; my idea was
to occupy it as long as possible as a shelter against the flames in
the hopes, of course, that they we uld soon pass over. A few of us,
about a dozen, were at the rear of train when I made this proposition;
but Sullivan said something about another train coming, he evi-
dently had in mind Roper's, and started up the track, the others fol-
lowing. That is, I presume the others had followed, for while I had
stepped back into the St. Paul car for my boy's skull cap they had
disappeared. The other passengers had all disappeared too, hav-
ing been conducted by the porter, Blair, and News Agent Manhart
into the marsh which I had neither knowledge of nor power to see,
so my son and I found ourselves quite alone on a burning train and
in a sea of smoke.
I tied up Otto's head with some linen furniture coverings and
left the track on the west side, groping for some place of shelter.
We found some tall grass on low ground (this was on the edge of
the marsh, although we did not know it), but was afraid this would
simply add more fuel to the general combustion and went to higher
ground in a potato patch.
Here we fell in with two gentlewomen, one, Mrs. Minne Spriggs, of
Duluth, with a baby in her arms some six months old, and her r.ister,
Annie Kernan, of St. Paul, and without any design on the part of
either we were compelled to keep together, for we had only just
met when a sheet of flame came and compelled us simply to drop
where we were. I laid my body over that of my son as much as
possible and we were doing fairly well under the circumstances,
when one of our neighbors screamed that her clothes were on fire.
This threw me into a terrible state of mind; I was afraid to leave
my boy, but the woman screamed that she was burning up and it
was then that Otto encouraged me. "Don't let the poor !ady burn
up, papa, I am all right," and I busied myself at once and succeeded
in tearing the fire out of their dresses.
There seems to have been three distinct sheets or streams of fire
passing over us, the two following very like the last, and each time
142 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
the dresses of the poor women would catch and the operation of
"putting it out" had to be repeated.
At the end of what might be called this third "baptism of fire"
we witnessed a very curious phenomenon (I speak of it here because
I have not heard it mentioned by others). It resembled nothing so
much than I can think of as a heavy snow fall, with this difference,
that instead of snow, the flakes were of glowing coals and cinders.
A whilrwind of flame arid heat had evidently swept from the burning
district a cloud of burning particles, which had burst over us in a
cooler stratum of air and myriads of "fire flakes" were thus let loose
to fall at will over our heads. It was a wonderful sight, at once
interesting and awe-inspiring, but not at all dangerous because ac-
companied by no wind. I was curious enough to note the time of
the passing of the phenomenon; by my watch it was 5 :07 p. m.
After this a decided improvement in the atmospheric conditi ms be-
came perceptible, the air grew cooler, we could breathe freer, and
we dared to take the cloths from our heads and look about. The
chair car porter, Blair, came up to us about this time and through
him I learned how the other passengers had been saved.
The story that Conductor Sullivan had thrown a child out of the
window is not true, but a little girl had been placed in his charge,
and anxiety as to her fate may have affected his mind in connection
with the other terrible experiences he had gone through. The girl
was saved with the others in the marsh.
STATEMENT OF WM. H. BLADES, OF CRANE, ORDWAY &
CO., OF DULUTH.
We left the Duluth Union Depot by the St. Paul and Duluth Lim-
ited September ist, anticipating no special danger, though the at-
mosphere was dense with smoke as it had been for days, owing to
the forest fires prevailing and an unusually dry season. The smoke
kept increasing in density as we proceeded, and at Miller, six*:y-six
miles from Duluth, got to be very bad. From Miller to Hinckley
it thickened into a sort of unnatural twilight, with cinders falling
through it like black snow, and the air became overheated as if blasts
from a hot oven were blowing spasmodically. The train was flagged
at a little bridge about a mile and a half this side (north) of Hinckley,
and there being an open space, an old clearing or meadow, we could
see clearer and breathe easier here.
A crowd of men, women and children were running across this
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 143
open space towards the train, and we gathered from them that Hinckley
was burning- up, and that fearful fires were sweeping through the for-
ests from every direction. There were between two and three hun-
dred of these people, and all were taken aboard. Things had com-
menced to look very serious by this time and I had some thoughts of
trying the little body of water under the bridge for shelter, for I had
noticed that the cars were even then blazing underneath in spots,
where, being bespattered with axel grease, the woodwork was made
more inflammable; but when Conductor Sullivan sang out "All
aboard," I instinctively swung myself back on the train. The train,
besides engine and tender, was composed of a baggage, express and
mail, a smoker, a day coach and two chair cars, which were now well
filled with the people from Hinckley, and \ve had brought no pas-
sengers from Duluth. One great source of danger, I have since
learned, was that the supply of water for the engine was getting very
low and so overheated that it is doubtful if the train could have been
moved in many minutes more. This accounts for the painfully slow
time that was made on the backward move to Skunk lake, which
has been estimated as much as twenty minutes.
The train must have burst into flames very soon after we started
and we had not run far before things became extremely wild, as
live fire enveloped the cars and broke the glass in the windows, and
transoms commenced to crack and burst, thus letting tongues of
flame through the splintered openings. At this sight, which was
in itself extremely terrible, many of the women would scream and
cower away from it as much as possible. The windows on the west
side were the first to break, those on the east remaining longer, so
that all the passengers crowded to the east side as much as possible
in an instinctive effort to keep farther from the flames. That the lady
passengers particularly should recoil with horror at a sight so awful
is not to be wondered at; indeed it only seems strange that such an
experience could be gone through with by them at all, and still re-
tain their normal faculties of mind. As I now see those events,
the conclusion is forced upon me that a more cool and composed
set of passengers than were on this train, it would be impossible to
conceive of under any circumstances, for except when the senses
were startled by some new phase of the horror, there was no unusual
commotion. I do not think the large majority realized the full hor-
ror of the situation until later. As for myself, I seemed to appre-
ciate fully the fearfulness of the danger and the hopelessness of the
144
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 145
situation, for I had given up the idea of ever getting out alive, and
yet I must have been in a sort of daze, for the nearness of an ex-
tremely shocking death did not disturb me as much as it might have
done, and I presume it was very much the same with those arounl
me.
During most of the run I was in the lavatory of the St. Paul chair
car, with half a dozen other gentlemen. We were wetting towels and
cloths and passing them in to the passengers in the main body of the
car. The nearest approach to a panic I came in contact with during
the whole ride was when a stranger put the question to me, ''What
chances do you think we have of getting out of this?" and I replied,
"About one in twenty thousand!" at which he made a dive for the
platform, and would have left the train had I not pulled him back
into the car and held the door on him.
As for my recollection of the run back to Skunk lake, as a whole
I can only say that it seemed a long one, during which, extraordinary
things were happening and coming upon each other in quick succes-
sion and that each thing than happened seemed more terrible than
the preceding one, and that each seemed designed more surely than
the last to give assurance of a speedy and inevitable destruction.
The smoke and cinders, the occasional glimpses of great whirls of
flame in masses of forest, the stifling heat, the bursting of glass and
the tongues of flames lapping hungrily through the empty car win-
dows, the bursting out of flames in new places, the stifled shrieks
and the recoils of terror by the women, the frozen stare of horror
among the men, I certainly saw and heard and understood all, and
yet, as I have mentioned before, with something less than a full
realizing sense. When the train stopped and some said "This is the
place!" it seemed natural enough that we should stop here, but it
was not coupled with exquisite sense of relief, which is supposed to be
experienced by those who have escaped a very great danger.
The male passengers bestirred themselves to take out the women
and children from the burning coaches. A barbed wire fence was
kicked off the staples and everybody ran for, or were helped into r
the deepest part of the miry, muddy water, which was at most only
eighteen inches deep. Here I sat down with the rest so that the
mire and water came up nearly to the armpits, and when sheets of
flame swept over us, as they seemed to do periodically, we would
crouch down as much as possible, keeping our heads entirely cov-
ered with wet clothing.
146 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Of the many mysteries connected with the extraordinary adven-
ture, the most inexplicable is ihat the sheets of flame, which had be-
fore and did afterwards sweep ever us, should at this particular junc-
ture have ceased to play on this spot long enough to allow, practi-
cally, all the passengers to reach the water. Had one of those great
whirls of fire caught us here that afterwards passed over us, we must
have perished, everyone. As it was, we were, as one might say,
let in between two great heats.
How long we were in the marsh is uncertain; several successive
sheets of flame passed over us and when they ceased or became
fewer and less terrible, the people gradually crawled up to higher
ground. Considerable suffering from cold was then experienced
by almost everyone, for after the heat of the flames had passed over,
the air became quite cool, and being entirely wet through, this air
had all the effect of a raw winter wind. That reaction from extreme
heat to severe cold should have been experienced so suddenly, may
be singular, but there is no mistake about the recollection of this
fact.
Conductor Sullivan was in his right mind, or appeared to be, as
long as I saw him. I knew nothing of the time of the incident with
the child. This is likely to have happened, however, and that the
child should have been saved is not strange, for there were plenty
outside to catch it in their arms or pick it up as the case might be.
The last glimpse I had of him he was with a pail in hand trying to
put out the fire on the rear car which was burnt the least. This
was when the people were crawling toward the marsh, but the flames
and smoke soon shut everything from sight. I heard of him after-
wards through R. S. Parrel!, a man in my employ, and who had
also been a passenger. Farrell saved himself by running up the
track, and arrived at Miller Station at the same time that Sullivan
did. He saw no indication of derangement of mind in him, but
on the contrary, says he handed a dispatch to the operator.
The railroad embankment cuts the marsh called Skunk lake in
two at that point. The smaller portion on the west side being
the one wherein our people were saved, the longer sheet of water
on the other side, strange to say, seems to have experienced a much
heavier visitation from the flames than we did. When Dr. Codding
and I walked out to examine it the next morning, \ve found the wet,
spongy soil converted into a thick layer of ashes, as far as we could
see. Afterwards the remains of three people were found, who had
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 147
evidently crawled into it for protection and perished. There is no
doubt in my mind that if our people had been directed into the larger
body of water on the east side of the track, that many, if not all of
us, must have shared the same fate, on the other hand every one,
as far as I know, that sought shelter, so to speak, in the smaller
pool came out alive and practically unharmed.
GLADSTONE, MINN., May 7, 1895.
REV. WILLIAM WILKINSON, DEAR SIR:
In reply to yours of recent date regarding my experience in for-
est fires September first, 1894, as conductor of St. Paul and Duluth
Limited train No. 4, I will try to give you as near as possible my
own, as well as the experience of some of my passengers.
Train No. 4, known as the fast limited, left Duluth at 1 155 p. m.,
consisting of a baggage car, smoking car, two coaches and two
chair cars, pulled by Engineer Root and Fireman John McGowan;
Baggageman Morris, Brakeman Manahan and Porter Blair. Leav-
ing Duluth and arriving at Carlton, there was nothing to indicate
the fearful disaster that was our fate to encounter later on.
Arriving at Barnum on time, thirty-nine miles from Duluth, I
noticed it was growing dark and very smoky, but paid little atten-
tion to it, as we had become accustomed to this condition of affairs
during the previous two months. We still proceeded on schedule
time, nothing more to indicate any danger ahead until arriving about
three-fourths of a mile north of Hinckley station where we came to
a stop. I opened the baggage car door and jumped to the ground
to ascertain what the trouble was.
Upon looking ahead I discovered the fire coming in the shape
of a cyclone. I said to my engineer, "]im, we cannot stay here
long; we will have to go back to a place of safety." Looking around
we could see people coming from all directions making for the
train, and to the best of my knowledge T had received in the neigh-
borhood of one hundred and fifty or one hundred and sixtv men,
women and children. Thinking all safely on board the train, I
was about to signal to start back, when screams to my right at-
tracted my attention. It proved to be a mother and her three lit-
tle children running for their lives, and the flames grasping like a
demon behind them. Those were the last people that I loaded
on my train. I then sprang into the first class coach and gave
the engineer the bell twice, the third pull felt to me as though the
bell cord were burned off. I ran into the smoking car and gave the
148
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 14g
bell cord one more pull and we started back. Our train at that
time was all on fire, with between three and four hundred lives be-
neath its roofs. We had only gone a quarter of a mile when a
mighty wave of flame struck us at a terrific rate of speed, I should
think between sixty and seventy miles an hour. It took every
window out of the west side of the train. While standing in the
smoking car, a gentleman whom I did not know, raised his foot
and put it through the window on the east side of the train; he
had no sooner withdrawn his foot than one of the refugees, who
had sought the train for safety, jumped through the window into-
the flame outside, before I could make any attempt to stop him.
He had no sooner gone through the window when another man
started to do likewise, and whom I caught and pulled back on his
feet almost severing one of his hands from his wrist upon the broken
window glass. Turning to me the poor fellow said, "Can you do
anything for my hand?" to which I replied I could not, having no
means at hand to relieve his suffering.
I then left the smoker and went to the first class coach, which was
crowded to its utmost capacity with men, women and children
screaming at the top of their voices and which I think was the
hardest sight I have ever seen. With all my might I shouted to
the people to keep quiet, as everything was going to be all right,
and as soon as I succeeded in making myself understood it seemed
to restore them to splendid order. Arriving in the north end of
the car, I beheld a six-weeks-old baby lying upon the seat protected
by its loving mother. The lady asked me if we were going to get
out alive, which I assured her we were, advising her to keep the
smoke away from the baby as much as possible and everything
would be all right
Passing through the next coach, I entered the chair car and
came in contact with Mr. C. D. O'Brien, who asked me how we
were going to be. Saying to him that things would be all right,
I hurried through the chair cars, giving the same assurance of
safety that I had in other parts of my train.
Standing there administering to the wants of the passengers, was
Porter Blair of the chair car, who I must say is as brave a man
as I ever saw. On our backward ride from Hinckley to Skunk
lake I saw one of the pluckiest women I ever met. She stood in-
side the door of the chair car and handed me saturated towels from
the vash stand in the car, which I used to prevent the end of the
car from burning.
150 MINNESOTA FOREST F . RES.
On my arrival at Skunk lake I jumped from the train, first meet-
ing- Fireman McGowan holding an empty pail in his hand, which
I took from him and got into the lake and filled it with water, then
went back to put the fire out on the platform of the coaches so as
to get the passengers off. When that was done Porter Blair was
still at his post helping and relieving those people in his charge.
When the train was relieved of its load of human freight, I con-
templated making the awful trip to the next station called Miller.
When I thought everything else was secure I then thought of
getting some report to my superior officers, so as to get some
assistance for those suffering people. I started on my perilous walk
through smoke and heat. The smoke was so dense that I could
not see my open hand before me. I kept, all this time, between
the rails of the track, lest I should wander away from it and be
burned. I had to lie down at various times on the ground in order
to get a breath of air, and suffered intense pain with my eyes.
Arriving at Miller Station, I went to the operator, Mr. Thomp-
son, who sat bravely at his post of duty, operating his key. I asked
him then where Xo. 12 was the local freight that was following
me, of which I feared so much on our backward ride and he said
they were at Willow river and ready to come this way. I then
asked him if he could get Rutledge and find out how the bridges
were at this side, and see that we were not cut off. A portion of
a message I delivered to the operator, which he sent to Duluth
for help. We then had to leave again as the fire was coming up
to us and had only left there about three or four minutes when
the station was consumed. Continuing on my walk four miles
further to Finlayson Station, I heard the noise of an aproaching
train; it was our No. 12, pulled by Engineer Kelly and Conductor
Roper. I shouted and said, "John, i g that you?" and he came to
my assistance and I asked him for God's sake to give me some
water, which he did. I asked him at the same time where he was
going and he replied, "I am going to your train." I said, "I am
afraid you cannot do it." At this time I went into the station and
remained there a little while until I got rested up. The heat was
again getting intense and I could hear the fire coming. I then
started out again and walked two miles further, which made my walk
in all about ten miles. I got to a gravel pit and stopped and said
to my companions, "I am afraid we are cut off, as I see fire ahead."
We then made up our minds to take chances and remain where we
were until the return of Conductor Roper's train. We remained
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 151
there about one hour, thinking- it to be a year, when I heard the
whistle of the returning train, which was very encouraging to us
at that time. They picked us up and the next stop was made at
Rutledge Station. I went into the station and inquired of the
operator, Kallis, on duty, what he had heard from my train, if any-
thing, and he said "Nothing; but they are sending- a relief train
from Duluth." I then was taken back to the caboose, when I com-
pletely broke down from exhaustion.
The next stop made was at Willow River. I was taken from the
caboose and was taken h charge by the citizens of that little town.
They did everything that could be done to relieve our suffering
until the arrival of the relief train from Duluth. I was put aboard
that train and taken to Duluth. One thing more I would like to
add in connection with this experience, that one lady who was aboard
my train at the time of the disaster, Mrs. Saunders, had with her
seven children whom she managed to protect and care for during
this awful time. I can assure you of the fidelity of the entire train
crew during this terrible ordeal, and I hope the public were satisfied
with the manner in which they conducted themselves. I certainly
hope we will never be called upon to render the same services, un-
der such circumstances, for even' moment to us all was a most
trying one. All that we could see, and as it looked to me, the
heavens and earth were like a sheet of flame.
I will say in conclusion that any one man deserves no more credit
than another, as none of us did any more than our duty, which
\ve owe to our employers and to the public in our charge. This is
mv experience during the awful forest fire of September first, 1894.
Yours respectfully, THOS. SULLIVAN.
GEORGE C. DUNLAP, OF ST. PAUL, PASSENGER ON THE
DULUTH LIMITED.
At 1:55 on the afternoon of September first, 1894, we left Du-
luth on the south bound "limited" for St. Paul. The day was dry
and sultry. A strong wind was driving the smoke of forest fires
across the skies, so that after a time the sun became totally con-
cealed as behind a dark mantle.
As we approached the town of Carlton we noticed that the trees
and stumps were burning on each side of the track, but as yet
we had little apprehension of danger. After we passed that station,
however, the signs of disaster became apparent. The heat grew
more intense, the black smoke thickened, until at three o'clock
152
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOEEST FIRES. 153
day had changed to night and it was necessary to light lamps and
headlight. Breathing became more difficult every moment and
the danger of suffocating seemed imminent. On we went, run-
ning at lightning speed, hoping to pierce the almost impenetrable
gloom. As town after town was passed in quick succession, the
anxious inhabitants were seen collected in small groups, and evi-
dently much alarmed. Soon a bright red illuminated the heavens.
The black forms of trees became blazing firebrands. Then fol-
lowed the crash of falling timber and the accompanying shower of
sparks.
At last the light of day again appeared and the passengers gasped
a sigh of relief. It was said that the fires were local, and that
we should soon be out of all danger.
Suddenly the train came to a stop about a mile from Hinckley
bridge. Men, women and children half naked, partly burned, and
covered with ashes and dirt, came groaning and crying on board.
Still others made all haste to reach our train. In all there were
about one hundred and fifty refugees. They told the trainmen that
Hinckley and the bridges were burned and that a great fire was
approaching us. The engineer, finding that the heat was becoming
unbearable and that his passengers were in the greatest danger,
decided to back up at full speed to a pond known as Skunk lake.
When this was made known, many a poor, homeless settler begged
piteously for a little time to go back and get his dear wife and
children.
Almost instantly a great hurricane of fire bore down and struck
the train. Blazing embers of all shapes and sizes were hurled upon
the cars. The burning forest around was fanned by the gale, and
the heat and smoke became well night unbearable. It seemed
as though a huge mountain of flame was rolling upon us. The
baggage car took fire and thus our destruction seemed to be made
certain. Then began the immortal race for Skunk lake, a race last-
ing only seven minutes, although it seemed like seven hours. The
window glass melted, curtains vanished and the fire swept through
the cars at will. The passengers stood huddled together in the
aisles, some praying, some crying, others dazed. To breathe was
torture. The heroic porter, John Blair, was constantly trying to
alleviate the suffering of the women and children, who, almost
choking, gasped for water. Once the train gave a sudden lurch
and we feared that the cars had left the track and that the end had
154 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
But we were still permitted to rush backward, though it seemed
strange that so violent a wind did not derail the train.
At last we arrived at Skunk lake, none too soon, for scarcely had
the coaches been deserted when they became completely enveloped
in flames and were destroyed in a few minutes. The majority of
the passengers sought safety in the water, while many wandered
about, they knew not where. A few of us were unable to reach
the lake on account of the blinding smoke and intense heat. We
ran up the track and came to a culvert; into this large wooden box
we crawled, foolishly thinking that in it we might escape the scorch-
ing wind. In a short time we were driven out, but returned again
and again, staying long enough to get fresh air. At last we were
forced to leave the culvert and seek safety elsewhere. After roam-
ing about aimlessly, we sat down in a place where there was noth-
ing inflammable. There we remained with our heads covered with
coats, while the storm of fire brands, cinders and ashes swept over
us. Thus we escaped suffocation. Our eyes filled with dust and
weakened by heat, began to cause us intense suffering.
The wind was now shifted from the west and all further danger
was averted. Our party, consisting of Miss Scarvy, of Merriam
Park, Mr. Hayden, of West Superior, and myself, returned to the
place where the "limited" had stopped. There, in place of the
elegant coaches, were found the bare trucks covered by a mass of
iron work and debris. The Skunk lake district was found to be
a large clearing with a small lake, and low meadow lands on each
side of the track. Under the circumstances, such a place was
most desirable. We met a Scandinavian, who kindly brought us
to a place where were two dugouts, each holding at least a dozen
persons, in one of which he had saved himself and family. There
we spent a long, dreary night.
We were kept busy passing up the muddy water of a spring to
many a thirsty survivor, who, as he drank, would falter out the
story of his miraculous escape.
On the following morning we returned to the wreck, where we
found that relief had arrived from Duluth, and that many of the
passengers had left at an early hour for Hinckley, where they were
to take a special train to St. Paul. We immediately set out hoping
catch the same train, but when we reached Hinckley we found that
we were two hours late. We were then obliged to wait several
hours before a second relief train arrived.
XLJNNE8&IA FOREST FIRES. 155
The sights beheld that morning were horrible in the extreme.
The dead bodies of men, women, children and cattle lay around in
heaps on every side. I cannot dwell on the sickening spectacle.
We went to the Great Northern round house, the only building
in the town, and patiently waited, suffering all the time the most
intense pain from our eyes. At last the welcome whistle of a train
was heard. It was the long looked for relief. A large number of
survivors, who had come in from all parts, were taken on board,
and provisions were distributed among them. On arriving at Pine
City we were taken to the hospital, where our eyes were treated
and our wants ministered to. Had it not been for the keen fore-
sight and high sense of duty of the noble James Root, coupled
with the indomitable courage and the valuable assistance of his no
less noble helpmate, John McGowan, Skunk lake would never have
been reached. To these two men these two heroes all honor and
praise are due for having saved the lives of so many, when the
chances for doing so were so very, very few. We cannot pass over
the name of our brave conductor, Thomas Sullivan, he who re-
vived the drooping hopes of his passengers by his encouraging words
and who, though choked and blinded, fought the flames at every
point. The citizens of Pine City, and especially Mr. J. Y. Breckin-
ridge and James Hurley, deserve the highest praise for the very
hearty way in which they received and waited upon the hundreds of
sufferers, who were constantly pouring in.
JUDGE SEAGRAVE SMITH DESCRIBES THE FIRE.
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., Feb. 9, 1895.
REV. WILLIAM WILKINSON,
Dear Sir: Yours of the 7th inst. is at hand and contents noted.
In compliance with your request please find hastily and briefly writ-
ten some of the things observed on that terrible day. You can
use so much of it as you see fit, if you think it worthy of using.
Hope you can read it. Yours Respectfully,
SEAGRAVE SMITH.
Sept. ist, 1894. Train left Duluth 1:30 p. m. for Minneapolis.
About twenty miles this side of West Superior fires were seen on
each side of the train, mostly off at a distance, but occasionally com-
ing near to the railway track. There was but little wind and the
fires were burning slowly and quietly. The sky was being obscured
by smoke, as we canie along it became more dense. After we
passed the 29th mile post it became so dark that when we reached
the next one I was unable to see it or any other object outside dis-
156
MINNESOTA FOREST FIBES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 157
tinctly. The cars were soon lighted and the darkness increased until
it was as dark as midnight in a cloudy night. This condition con-
tinued until we arrived within a few miles of Hinckley. During this
time silence reigned and anxiety was depicted on the countenances
of the passengers. As we approached Hinkley the cloud of darkness
lifted. It lighted up so we could see the sun. The countenances of
the passengers changed and many exclaimed, "We are out of dan-
ger." During our ride through the dense smoke and darkness we
could see fires blazing on either side of the road, sometimes quite
a distance off, at others near the track.
At one place near a wood station the ties on a side track were
burning quite briskly near the main track. When we arrived at
Hinkley the train stopped at the station a minute or two and started
on again. It had not gone but a short distance when it stopped
again. I went out of the car to learn the cause of the stopping.
Looking ahead of us I saw the round house and a number oi
freight cars on fire. It appeared to be an extremely hot fire. As
I was looking at it, in an instant, a fierce wind blew from it a volume
of hot dust and sand. It came with such force and was so hot it
burned our faces. The conductor at once ordered the train back
to the station. Before we had stopped at the station the people
from the village, men, women and children, came running toward
the train with their trunks and bundles. Others were running with
their effects and locating themselves in a large and deep gravel pit
on the east side of the station, the bottom of which was. nearly all
covered with shallow water. When the train stopped at the sta-
tion there was a short consultation between the conductor, myself
and a few others as to what should be done. It was decided best
to stay there as long as it would be safe and prudent get on al)
the people we could in that time, and get away before the fire should
entirely surround us. While we were thus waiting I watched the
progress of the fire and the doings of the people who were trying to
save themselves from destruction. Many got on to the train; others
sought for safety in the gravel pit referred to all frightened. It
was a heart rending sight to behold the wind was blowing a fearfu)
gale. The flames of fire were leaping high and consuming everv
thing it came in contact with almost instantaneously. I saw on the
west side of the village a volume of flame strike a small house and
shed, wipe it out in an instant, and leap from there over a number of
other buildings without touching them, strike a saw mill beyond
158 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
with such force that it was moved bodily from its foundations
in a second, and went floating in the air a burning mass ; every stick
of timber in it seemed to be on fire. On turning to the other side,
I saw that the fire had burned around the gravel pit and was fast
getting in front of us. The people of the village, during this time,
were running from every direction, and getting in the cars or into
the gravel pit. with such effects as they could carry along with them.
I saw one man who carried nothing with him but his gun. The
conductor in the meanwhile had attached some freight (box) cars
to our train, into which many of the people got. The train staid
there as long, and it seemed to me longer, than it was safe. The
fire had passed around the gravel pit and got ahead of us. It was
burning furiously as far as could be seen on each side
of the track. The bridge immediately in front of us was on fire.
The train started through this double wall of fire. Just as it started
I looked to the rear of the train, saw a woman leading a child, with
another in her arms. She was hurrying to get on the train. She
was only a few feet away when it started. She was left. She went
toward the gravel pit; before she reached there I saw a flame of
fire strike her down to the ground. It was too much to behold ; my
eyes turned away from the awful sight. We went on in the darkness
through the walls of fire, which heated the windows of the car on
the side where I was so it was painful to place my hand on them. We
were passing over burning bridges, and cut-outs with walls of fire on
each side for a long distance no hope of escape should our car
get on fire. Nothing in my opinion prevented our car from taking
fire, excepting that the right of way on each side was very well
cleared of combustible matter and the wind was blowing directly in
the line of the track. Had it been blowing across the track noth-
ing could have saved us. All must have perished.
The refugees apparently felt safe, but the passengers were in
breathless suspense for hours, knowing not what moment we would
drop through a burning culvert or bridge, or our cars, ignite and
burn. No pen can adequately describe the awful scene, or the feel-
ings of those who witnessed it. It was an event never to be for-
gotten.
After many stoppings we arrived late in the evening, at Duluth,
covered with smoke and dirt, our nervous systems terribly strained,
but our lives saved. In that condition we felt happy that we had es-
caped with our lives and had succeeded in saving many others.
MINNESOTA FOHEST PIPES. 159
ST. PAUL <fc DULUTH RAILROAD COMPAXY.
ST. PAUL, MINN., April 1, 1895.
REV. WILLIAM WILKINSON, DEAR SIR:
In reply to your letter of March 27th I beg to say that our rec-
ords show that all of the passengers on our train No. 4 of Septem-
ber ist, 1894, which train was burnt at Skunk lake, were saved
excepting O. W. Rowley, whose body was found some four or five
hundred feet directly west of the track, he evidently having be-
come dazed and confused after leaving the train, wandered away
from the rest of the passengers and was burnt
Mrs. Miller has asked me to thank you for your letter and to
say to you that she will follow my example so far as the photo-
graph is concerned. This is her own wish, and has in no way been
influenced by me. Yours truly,
L. J. MILLER.
Ass't Gen'l Manager.
Mr. Miller and his wife did excellent work for the relief of the
distressed and bereaved. I should have been glad to place their
photographs in this book, but they declined the honor, saying: "We
only did our simple duty."
A TRIBUTE TO JAMES ROOT.
The citizens of Minneapolis, while seeking to alleviate the suf-
ferings of the victims of the terrible holocaust which has just swept
over Northern Minnesota, pause to pay a fitting tribute to James
Root, engineer of passenger train No. 4, of the St. Paul and Duluth
railroad, which left Duluth Saturday afternoon September first, 1894.
When one mile north of Hinckley, Engineer Root, having driven
his train through miles of the dense smoke and increasing heat of
the forest fires of that day, found his train met by people fleeing
from the burning town and the flames fast closing in around him
and his charge.
Taking on board the panic stricken people, he stood at his post
while, through a very sea of fire, he ran his train back five miles
to Skunk lake. Here two hundred of his scorched and suffocat-
ing passengers found refuge from his now burning train in the
waters of the lake, while he, brave man, fell burned and bleeding
to the floor of his cab where he was found when the fire had spent
its fury.
The loftiest impulse which animates the human breast is that
160
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 161
which prompts one to self sacrifice for the salvation of others. That
impulse controlled James Root on that Saturday afternoon when,
writhing in pain and facing death, not thinking of himself but ofr
the lives he had in his keeping, he stood upon the pinnacle of hu-
man glory.
The merit of his heroic deed attaches not alone to him, but also
to the craft of which he is a member. The lives of thousands upon
thousands of people are hourly in the hands of locomotive engineers,
and seldom has one proven false to his trust, or failed to rise to
the emergencies which confronted him.
Such an emergency which tried the mettle of manhood confronted
James Root on this occasion, and he proved himself its master.
Two hundred human beings today owe to him their lives. On that
Saturday morning he was a locomotive engineer; today he is a hero.
W. D. Washburn, Wayland Hoyt, Eugene G. Hay, R. J. An-
derson, special committee.
Chas. A. Pillsbury, chairman; H. \V. Brown, vice chairman; P.
B. Winston, treasurer; J. H. Sullivan, Citizens' Relief Association.
W. H. EUSTIS, Mayor.
The following is a report given by the St. Paul Pioneer Press, of
a meeting held September I3ui, 1894.
THE HEROIC JOHX BLAIR.
The colored people of this city held a well attended meeting at
Market Hall last night in recognition of the heroism of Porter
John \V. Blair, whose acts of bravery contributed so much to the
safety and comfort of the passengers on the train that was burned
at Skunk lake on the night of the terrible forest fire. In honor
of his manly conduct the colored people of the city got up a sub-
scription and purchased a handsome gold badge, which was pre-
sented to him at the meeting last night. Quite a number of white
people w-ere present at the meeting, among them being several of
those who were on the ill fated train.
T. H. Lyles presided, and on calling the meeting to order he
said that while Engineer Root and the other members of the train
crew had been eulogized for their heroism, but little or nothing had
been said about the conduct of Mr. Blair, who was really entitled
to just as much credit as any employe on the train. He then in-
troduced Mr. C. D. O'Brien, who was one of the passengers on the
train.
162 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Mr. O'Brien said that John Blair had done his duty, and this was
typical of his race. He was glad the colored people of the city had
seen fit to give some testimonial for his bravery. The man who,
facing death, does his duty is worthy of some recognition. He said
he could not tell the horrors of that night, and no man could. The
first they knew of any real danger was when the refugees stopped
the train near Hinckley. The train rushed back through a moun-
tain of flame. John W. Blair stood at his post in the burning car
passing water as coolly and collectedly as if he were on a summer
excursion. When the passengers were lying on the ground with
their faces down, Blair stood up in the midst of the flames playing a
fire extinguisher on the women and children whose clothing took
fire.
"For three-quarters of an hour we stood in a flame that is as in-
describable as the flames of hell," continued the speaker. "J onn
Blair might have left the party and sought his. own safety, but he
was too much of a man for that. He stood there, a willing sacrifice,
until the last passenger was safe. It was not the bravery of a
trained soldier or a sailor, but that of a poor porter of a chair car,
keeping his mind to follow out the dictates of a heart as pure and
noble as any that ever beat in a human breast. It is w-ell to honor
such men and teach our children to emulate their example. I am
proud to be alive to take him by the hand and thank him for his
humanity."
With this Mr. O'Brien walked across to where Blair was sitting,
and taking him by the hand, shook it with a vim that showed a deep
feeling for the colored hero.
G. B. Dougherty of Duluth, and Capt. R. L. O'Gorman and Dr.
Curry, of this city, all of whom were on the train, corroborated
the statements of Mr. O'Brien regarding Blair's conduct during the
terrible ordeal they went through at the lake. And letters giving ex-
pression to the same sentiment were read from O. C. Hartman and
J. E. Lobdell, both of Duluth, and Anna L. Munson, of this city.
Rev. R. C. Quarles, colored pastor of the Pilgrim Baptist church,
was then introduced. The speaker said it was nothing strange when
a man could by a little bravery get possession of a large amount of
wealth, or by a little military prowess make a name in some military
achievement, or even to risk his life for the protection of his own
family, but when a man could rise above the thought of every-
thing else, even his own life, and throw himself in the face of death
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 163
for the sake of protecting men and women who were utter strangers
to him, then, indeed, there was something grand and noble about it.
"We have seen in blazing headlines," he added, "the praises of
brave Engineer Root and the other members of the train crew, but
I have looked in vain for the name of John W. Blair as a great
hero of that terrible occasion. I am glad, John W. Blair, that
among those who had the coolness and manhood to make a record
on that terrible night, that there was a black face with a white
heart."
F. L. McGhee, the colored attorney, then presented Blair with a
badge. He said that whenever a negro was called upon to do his
duty he always did his full duty, but who would expect him to go
beyond the law of self preservation to protect his fellow men and
women.
"We can not fittingly honor him as it is fitting he should be hon-
ored,'' he went on. "But when called to appear before the judg-
ment seat, John W. Blair, then and only then will you receive your
full reward. I have here a little token of recognition of your hero-
ism. It is from the people of that race from which you spring.
Wear it. It is but a poor monument to the memory your conduct
merits as compared with the honor that conduct has been to us."
Mr. Blair modestly replied that he wished he had command of
language to express his gratitude for the many flattering tributes
paid him on the occasion.
"All I can say is that on that awful night I did what I thought to
be my duty," he added. "The memories of this night and the kind-
ness you have shown me shall always be cherished by me as long
as I live."
The badge is quite large and is of a beautiful design, the face be-
ing engraved with the picture of a burning train. On the reverse
side is an inscription stating that it has been presented to Mr. Blair
in testimony of his heroism on the occasion referred to.
The railway authorities gave Mr. Blair a fine gold watch to show
their appreciation of his fearlessness and service inscribed as follows :
Presented by the St. Paul & Duluth R. R. Co.
TO JOHN WESLEY BLAIR
For gallant and faithful discharge of duty on Limited train, No, 4,
In Forest Fires, Sept, 1, 1895,
164
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINXESWA FOREST FIRES. 165
THE COMPOSITE TRAIN ON THE EASTERN RAILWAY.
The Lancashire Puffing Billy made by George Stevenson, is
known to all railway men, because it was the first locomotive. The
train which saved its passengers and 476 who were in imminent peril
of death by fire and took all in safety to Superior and Duluth will
live in the literature of America as long as this is a book reading
people. The conduct of all in charge will be pointed to as a model
for all who have the care of life and property in the railway world.
CONDUCTOR H. D. POWERS.
On September first, 1894, I left Duluth on the Eastern Minne-
sota passenger train, No. 20, at one p. m. bound for St. Paul. On
the w r ay to Hinckley we didn't see any more fire than we had seen
every day for weeks before, but over part of the distance, the smoke
was very thick and it was so dark we were obliged to use our lan-
terns and the engineer lighted his headlight.
As we approached Hinckley it lightened up. Arriving there it
was as light as usual, except that the sun was obscured; there was
no fire in the town then. We pulled to our lower yard where I
learned that the bridge and cars at the lower end of the yard were
in flames and the fire was sweeping into the town with great ra-
pidity. I felt sure the town was doomed, and at once began prepar-
ations to get my tram to a place of safety and to take as many peo-
ple out of the town as possible.
The way freight crew from West Superior (W. D. Campbell, con-
ductor) being there, I made arrangements with him to couple into
the rear of my train with his engine, also to get three empty box
cars (these being all we could procure). We then coupled every-
thing together, engine 105, Barry, engineer, in the rear backing up,
my regular engine 125, Engineer Best, on the other end of the train
handling the air brake.
Everything being in readiness to make a run for it when the time
came. We stood at the old passenger depot and loaded the people
as fast as possible, and stayed there until the buildings less than one
block away were in flames and the fire was all around the bridge
over the Grindstone river. Fearing it would burn and thus cut
off our only retreat, we pulled across the bridge and stopped. We
picked up forty or fifty people here.
Meantime the fire was advancing in an almost solid wall, driven
by a wind that was simply terrific. The Brennan Lumber Corn-
IQQ MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
pany's mill and yard were on fire and the heat was intense. I
could see the fire was getting into the woods at the north, through
which we must pass to get out, and fearing our only means of es-
cape would be cut off, we pulled out. As it proved, we started none
too soon. We found the woods a sea of flame ; the very air seemed
to be on fire, and we passed over three small bridges that had be-
gun to burn. We got out of the fire about five miles north of
Hinckley and had no trouble after that.
The trainmen with me were my own crew, consisting of O. L.
Beach, brakeman, M. W. Baker, baggageman, Wm. Best, engi-
neer, and Geo. Ford, fireman. The way freight crew, consisting of
W. D. Campbell, conductor, Chas. Freeman, Peter McLaughlin and
Geo. Gilham, brakemen, Ed. Barry, engineer and Alex Thistle, fire-
man.
It is sufficient to say that every man did his full duty. That we
escaped with this train load of a little over six hundred souls, is
due it seems to me, not to human heroism, but to the mercy of an
all-wise Providence.
I ask not for their lineage; I ask not for their name;
True manliness is in their heart, they royal blood may claim.
R. NICHOLS.
The following graphic description is given by Engineer Best, of
the Eastern Minnesota railway.
"I presume the public will be surprised to hear from me at this
late day, but in justice to myself and others, I certainly think it
is time for me to present a few facts concerning the happenings to
the train I was running, on the day of the Hinckley fire, Septem-
ber first. From all that has been said and written of the adven-
turous trip of our train with the forest fires, on that day of horror,
my railroad friends in the United States and Canada must think
that the train crew, as well as myself, were crazy. For instance, I
have seen descriptions of how we ran over burning bridges at the
rate of sixty miles an hour, without giving the passengers a chance
for their lives. Why not say that I had engine 999 with a record
of one hundred and twelve miles an hour; or that I slipped the
wheels out from under engine No. 125 and substituted the Ferris
Wheel, anjl all that I had to do was to touch the button and fly?
Such fancies are suggested to me by the many exaggerated stories
I have heard and read. I will try to give a statement of our trip
from Duluth and West Superior to Hinckley, and return, just as near
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 167
right as possible, and will try to explain a few things 'in my simple
way.
"We left West Superior on time, with train Xo. 4, Eastern Min-
esota Limited, consisting of engine and five coaches, for St. Paul.
About thirty miles out the smoke became so dense that I had to
light the headlight and cab lamps. At the next station, Kerrick,
it was very dark and for about thirty miles it continued so. I
was still making the regular time of the train as we had no notice
of danger from along the line, and I expected the atmosphere would
clear up when we ran into the open country near Hinckley. The
air did appear to clear somewhat, but the clouds seemed to be on
fire, and great sheets of flame shot athwart the heavens with elec-
trical activity.
"When we came in view r of Hinckley even-thing was quiet ex-
cept the southern extremity of the town, and in the Great Northern
yards, where the fire had made its appearance. We arrived at
Hinckley on time, 3:25 p. m., and after doing our regular switching,
started down to the water tank which is situated in the freight yard.
When we stopped at the tank we saw that it would be impossible
to get through. It became so hot at that point that my fireman,
George Ford, was driven three times from the spout. I called to
him to stick until we had secured water and he did, for his grit was
good. By this time the freight station and the cars were on fire,
and we had to back away from the tank. The wind commenced
to blow and it looked as though the town must go.
"Passenger Conductor Powers came to me and said, 'What do
you think of putting the freight engine behind us?' The freight
was standing on a side track so that we could follow it if necessary.
We all thought it was wisest to follow, and we coupled the trains
together. We understood each other without talking much. The
wind was blowing a gale by this time, and we realized that Hinck-
ley was doomed.
"The people now commenced running from the burning town to
the train. In fact, they were running anywhere and everywhere, for
they were panic stricken. I jumped down from the engine to talk
with Conductor Powers in regard to the length of our stay, as
the question at this time was, how much longer can we stay, and
get safely aw r ay with the train? The people were climbing into
the coaches. Engineer Barry whistled off and the train started.
I ran to my engine, and, setting the air brakes, stopped it. Conduc-
1G8
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
REV. FATHER LAWLER, M. A.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIKES. 169
tor Campbell, of the freight, came to me and said that Engineer Barry
would puil the coupling pin and go. I said that I guessed not, but
a second later was told the same story by a brakeman. But it was
no go, at any rate. We were loading women and children, and
as I had just come over the road, I was determined to stand on my
judgment. But again and again did the freight engine whistle off
brakes, and try to start the train. It was at this juncture that ex-
cited men pushed women and children from the coaches in their mad
haste to get in themselves.
"Four men jumped on my engine and said, 'Back up! back up! or
we will all be burned to death.' I told them not to get excited
as we were all right yet. I was constantly implored to go, but
there was still time, and many lives to be saved by the waiting.
Many of our passengers wanted to help in the general cause and
they worked with a will, assisting those who required help and in
making the best possible use of the space in the coaches. Conduc-
tors Powers and Campbell and the brakemen worked rapidly, and
to the best apparent possible purpose. The heat had become ter-
rible, and again would freight engine 105 scream out two whistles
as if in agony, as a signal to start. But it was no go yet, and I held
the train in the iron grasp of the brakes. Still the people kept
coming, and at last I turned to my fireman and said, 'Good God,
George, will I sacrifice the train at last?' The heat was awful and
my anxiety was intense, for between the tips of my fingers and
the air brakes lay the destinies of hundreds of people. At last the
mad rush was reduced to a few stragglers. I looked hastily around
and saw that no more people could get to us. The wind whirled
through the streets and men and dumb animals could be seen
falling as they were overcome in the vain endeavor to reach a place
of safety. I realized that I had stayed the limit. I stepped back into
the cab and released the air brake, and we started from ill-fated
Hinckley. Houses were burning so rapidly that one could see
bedroom sets and other contents of the rooms. The fire would
seem to burn the sides right off the buildings, revealing the con-
tents in the glare. Buildings seemed to melt rather than burn in
the fierce glow.
"We backed rapidly away from this scene of ruin and death, and
as we passed the road running north of the station, we saw people
running toward the train, and beckoning us to stop. But it was
170 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
useless to think of it, for they were too far away from us, and I
turned my head that I might not see them in their distress.
"The next point we reached was Grindstone bridge. Fire was
all around us, but we passed it safely. Here was a small company
of people to whom life was a matter of minutes. The dump was
high and the fires had not yet reached it. At Hinckley it had
been the few for the many, but here it was the many for the few.
We took the refugees on board. I took a last look at Hinckley.
The spectacle was awful, but impressed me as grand in the ex-
treme. The sights and sounds of that day will always occupy a
vivid place in my memory.
''Just before starting up, after taking on die last company of
refugees, Conductor Powers came to me and said, 'Bill, we have
got them all I guess, let's go.' He went back to the cars and then
commenced the battle royal. Two brakemen, Wm. Meach and a
freightman jumped upon the tank of engine 105. Both engines
were backing. Every man was in his place and discipline was per-
fect. The brakemen on the tank, a very exposed and trying posi-
tion, signaled to Engineer Barry at the throttle and whistle. Every
man was doing his duty and doing it well. The wind was increas-
ing in violence and the danger grew more and more menacing.
Trees were thrown down, and terror and death stalked through the
forest and clearings. Our train seemed like a sentient thing, but
how insignificant in that tempest of wind and flame.
"The brakemen who held the dangerous post of outlook doused
themselves with water from the manhole. They never once wav-
ered and their grit was good. As we were approaching each bridge,
I would slow the train down till the outlook had signaled to Barry
that all was weH. Barry would whistle off brakes and I would
throw the throttle wide open till we neared the next bridge. I
had made up my mind that I would stop at the top of the hill. Just
beyond this summit was a bridge about which I had some misgiv-
ings. As we neared this structure, which is forty feet in height,
I began slowing the speed of the train down. I was anxiously
watching and estimating the distance, when my heart was chilled
with a sudden call for brakes. In a moment w r e were standing still,
and I turned to my fireman and said, 'George, the jig is up. The
train is lost and all that are on board of it.' I could see the face
of my faithful fireman when I uttered these words, but it relaxed
none of its resolution. Still he thought as I did, though he made
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. ' 171
no reply. The thought came to me then that I would meet with
measureless censure from the public for holding the train at Hinck-
ley in the interest of humanity against so much opposition, and
that now it must go. I experienced at that moment what any other
engineer would have under like circumstances. The fear of death
never entered my mind. There was no room for any other sen-
sation than remorse and self-condemnation for what I then believed
to have been my bad judgment. I suffered more in that brief period
of suspense than before in all my life. But my ears were scon
greeted with the signal to go ahead, and never music gladdened the
ear like that shrill whistle from 105 signaling to go ahead. Away
we went, and soon emerged from the fire into dense smoke, but the
fire was following fast behind. The next station was Sandstone,
and we stopped there for a few minutes. Engineer Barry came
to me and said that the conductors had decided to stop over there.
I jumped from the cab and urged them to go right through. Xone
of the people at Sandstone thought at that time that their danger
was great, but we all know now how that in less than an hour the
town was destroyed and many lives lost.
"Our next stop was at the now famous Kettle River bridge. I
had noticed a local fire near this point when I went down that after-
noon and was apprehensive. Xo trains are supposed to pass this
bridge until proper signals are given by the watchman, and on this
occasion I watched for them with unaccustomed anxiety, as may well
be imagined. I received the signal to go ahead and v,e rolled onto
the structure and over it in due time. The south end of the bridge
appeared to be on fire, but whether it was or not will never be
known, for the watchman had given his last signal, and his charred
remains were found not far from where I last saw him.
"Fro-n Kettle river we vvent along nil right, making the ran from
Hinckley to Partridge, fourteen miles, in fifty minutes.
"The next station was Kerrlck. I was down oiling the engine
at that place when four of the passengers came out of the parlor
car, which was right behind the engine. They were very profuse
in their expressions of praise and gratitude for all of us. They were
safe, and knew it, and theic relief was great, of course. We arrived
in West Superior in due time and here our engines were put off
and others substituted to convey the train to Duluth. It was im-
possible for either Barry or myself to see after we reached the
union depot. I went home and to bed immediately, after bandag-
172
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 173
ing my eyes, to allay the inflammation caused by the heat and smoke.
It was 4 :co a. m. before the pain in my eyes would permit me to fall
asleep.
"A great many people, I am sorry to say, have carped about the
conduct of the trainmen, while others are loud in their praise. I,
for one, feel a good deal like Actor Frank Chanfrau, whose motto
in life and it was used for his epitaph was: 'I've did the best
I could and J ain't got nothing to take back.'
"West Superior, December Twenty-second, 1894.
"WILLIAM BEST."
FIREMAN GEORGE FORD.
We left "\Yest Superior at one p. m. on time on that eventful day,
September tirst, 1894, with Eastern Minnesota limited passenger
train Xo. 4, engine Xo. 125, having five coaches, en route for St
Paul.
Arriving at Holyoke, a station thirty miles out, the smoke was so
thick that we had to light the headlight and cab lamp. The next
station was Kerrick. We were making regular running ti:ne of
train, and not hearing from the general office at West Superior of
any danger, we thought it would break away when we came to Hinck-
ley and it did ; but the sky was very lurid, although when we turned
the curve going into Hinckley everything looked peaceful, except
south of the town, where the Great Xorthern yards were on fire.
We reached Hinckley at 3:25 p. m., and, having done our regular
work, we pulled down to the water tank for water. It was so hot
that I was driven from the spout three times, and would have given
it up had it not been for our engineer, William Best, who called to
me in his always pleasant way to fill the tank if I could. The freight
station and cars were all on fire. We backed from the tank.
Our passenger conductor, Powers, came up to the engine and
said to our engineer : "The local freight train X T o. 23, is in the yard ;
how would it do to have them couple on behind us?" Mr. Best
said it was just what he wanted, if it did not take too long. By the
time they had coupled on it was getting pretty hot; it then looked
as though we would have to back away from Hinckley. We were
standing at the passenger station, and the wind was blowing a gale.
It was not more than five or ten minutes before a sheet of flame
shot up to the clouds, and the whole town was on fire.
The people commenced to run toward the train. Our engineer
174
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 175
consulted with Conductor Powers in regard to how long we could
stay. Of course we would stay until the coaches were filled with
those poor people who were running for their lives from the fire;
but the question was, how long could we stay without burning up
the train.
Engineer Barry, of the local train, gave two sharp whistles, a signal
to pull out. Our engineer, Best, jumped on our engine and ap-
plied the brakes to it and to our coaches. Conductor Campbell,
of the local, came up and said to our engineer: "Barry will cut off
his engine and pull out!" Our engineer said, "I guess not!" Then
a brakeman came up with the same story. As they were leading
women and children, again and again did Barry's freight engine
scream out those two short whistles, a signal to go ahead; but we
had just come over the road and our engineer said he would use
his own judgment and not move until he saw fit.
Men pushed women and children away in order to get in them-
selves. Several men jumped up on the engine and said to our en-
gineer: "Back up! back up! or w r e will all be burned!" One of
them was the section foreman of Hinckley. Best replied, "Boys, do
not get excited; we are all right yet!" Some of the passengers
wanted to back up; others wanted to help. Our engineer told
them to get in the cars, and we would take care of them. But they
went to work gladly helping to load the people, and making room
for them in the cars; there were some out working with the train-
men.
I could see Conductor Powers running here and there, helping this
one and that one, and Conductor Campbell, of the local train, doing
the same work of the trainmen; as fast as the people came they
were taken into the cars. It was gettiii-g awfully hot by this time,
and again would the freight engine give that terrible scream to go
ahead, but our engineer held the train under his control. He turned
to me and said, "God God! will I sacrifice the train at last?" for
it was terrible -now; but God was watching over us and we were
to be saved. The anxiety for me was awful.
At last Engineer Best got down on the step of the engine and
looked around to see if any more could get to us. I could see
people, houses and cattle, falling around us. To remain longer was
death to all. He got back on the engine and released the brakes
on the train, and we left Hinckley.
We passed the road crossing just north of the town, then backed
176 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
over the Grindstone bridge and stopped, and people came running
up the track. We waited and got on all whom we could; see, then
backed up to Sandstone. Here again we stopped for a few minutes.
Engineer Barry came up to Engineer Best and said, "The con-
ductors are going to stop here." Best got off the engine to speak
to the conductors and said, "We want to get out as quickly as pos-
sible, for the fire is coming on us fast!" Then we backed up to
Kettle River bridge.
There is a standing order to run this bridge at four miles per
hour and as an extra precaution the company have a watchman
there, and we do not pass without a signal from the watchman.
Here we slowed to four miles an hour. We got a signal from the
watchman that everything was all right, which we answered, and
rolled onto the bridge. Our next station was Partridge where we
stopped. The passengers came up to the engine and asked for
water; we gave them all they wanted to drink, as they were suf-
focating from the heat, then we went ahead and were ever so thank-
ful to see West Superior again.
NEWS AGENT GEORGE S. COLE.
In accordance with your verbal request of the 26th inst, I have
the honor to submit the following statement, covering my personal
experience in connection with the recent forest fires which have de-
stroyed the town of Hinckley and other places in this state.
On Saturday, September first, 1894, the Eastern railway train No.
4, south bound, left Dulttth for St. Paul, at one o'clock p. m. in
charge of Conductor Harry Powers, Engineer William Best, Brake-
man O. L. Beach, Fireman J. Kellock, Express Messenger Massey
Baker, and Parlor Car Porter George Goodin. The train consisted
of two parlor cars, two day coaches, and one combination smoking
car.
We had a large number of passengers leaving Duluth, and got
many more at West Superior and a few at South Superior. All
went well until we got close to Dedham, Wisconsin, which is about
fifteen miles from Duluth, and then we discovered the woods on
fire, and the atmosphere in the cars became hot and smoky. In
passing through the cars, back and forth, I was questioned by many
of the passengers as to the probable danger from fire, and I in-
formed them that I apprehended no danger after the train got out
of the woods.
MIX XE SOT 'A. FOREST FIRES. 177
The smoke, heat and darkness continued from Dedham to Sand-
stone, a distance of about forty-five miles. From Sandstone to
Hinckley we did not experience any great inconvenience from smoke
or heat, and all on board of the train thought the danger was passed,
but upon our arrival at Hinckley we found the whole town in flames
and the inhabitants wild with excitement. After stopping at the de-
pot the train ran down to the water tank, a distance of about six hun-
dred yards, where the engine took water, and a short consultation
was held by the conductor and engineer. After taking water, the
train was backed to the depot, where we found Conductor Campbell
and Engineer Ed. Barry with freight train Xo. 23 north bound for
West Superior. Conductors Powers and Campbell then held a con-
sultation, and decided to attach three empty box cars to the pas-
senger coaches, and load them with passengers and such light bag-
gage as the people were bringing to the train.
While at Hinckley I did all in my power to assist the people i:i
their escape from that place. After taking all on board the train
proceeded to Sandstone, and upon arriving there Conductor Pow-
ers waited for orders from the train dispatcher. After receiving
the necessary orders we proceeded slowly toward Duluth, picking
up passengers en route, and running through a great deal of fire
and smoke, which made it so hot in the cars that the passengers
drank all the water that the filters contained, and then ate the ice
which remained.
On arriving at Kerrick station we stopped for a few minutes and
I got a passenger to accompany me to the engine, when we got a
pail from Engineer Best and carried six pails of water to the cars,
which satisfied the passengers until we arrived in Duluth.
In justice to all concerned, I deem it only my duty to say that,
in my opinion, the heroism, bravery and coolness displayed by the
train crews under this trying ordeal, have never been excelled in
the history of this state. Respectfully submitted,
GEORGE S. COLE, News Agent.
CONDUCTOR W. D. CAMPBELL.
Yours of February seventh to hand and contents noted. I left
West Superior on the morning of September first, 1894, in charge
of train Xo. 24 on the Eastern Minnesota. We arrived in Hinckley
about 2 135 p. m. and found fire all along the road. About i :3o or
178
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST F1KES. 179
2 p. m. the wind commenced to blow and fan the fires, which had
been burning 1 in this vicinity for some time, into fierce flames.
When we arrived at Hinckley we found the fires burning the ties
in the east end of the yard. The residents and fire department were
out fighting the fire when we arrived, but the heat was so intense and
the smoke so blinding that the people were powerless. We could
not leave Hinckley as the wires were down and train No. 4 was
due there at 3 :25 p. m.
On arrival of train Xo. 4 we took three merchandise cars with
us and coupled into train No. 4, since they could go no further, and
prepared to make our escape to West Superior.
At this time the residents of Hinckley had begun to flee for a
place of safety, and in making for the gravel pit found our train.
All who wished got on the train, but many sought other places
of safety. About 75 persons went out on the government road
and were found dead near where we last found them. The heat was
so intense by this time that we could not remain outside the cars,
and everything that we could do being done, we left there.
It was about 4:10 p. m. and the fire was ahead of us and on all
sides.
Engineer Barry claimed that he was so blinded he could not see,
and as the engine was backing up, Brakemen O. L. Beach and Peter
McLaughlin volunteered to ride the back tender and act as look-
outs, where they rode to Kerrick, a distance of about thirty miles.
You will understand that both engines were backing up, one on
each end of the combination train, and therefore had one of the many
bridges that were on fire been gone, the train could not have been
saved, as the men could see nothing; we were running through
darkness, the smoke having shut out the light of day.
We arrived in South Superior about 7:30 p. m., when I turned my
train over to Conductor Powers.
You will understand that the trains I ran, Nos. 23 and 24, only
run from West Superior to Hinckley and return. Ed. Barry was
engineer, Thistle the fireman, and the brakemen, Gilham and Mc-
Laughlin, who will communicate with you. I remain very respect-
fully, W. D. CAMPBELL.
EXG-INEER EDWARD BARRY.
Yours of the 7th inst. to hand and in answer will say that I left
West Superior on train twenty -four on September first, 1894, W. D.
180
MINNESOTA FOEEST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 181
Campbell conductor, and proceeded to Partridge where it was so
dark, the air being filled with smoke, that I had to light the head-
light on the engine and the lights in the cab, and then it was next
to impossible to see.
1 proceeded toward Hinckley slowly, expecting to find bridges on
fire. We arrived there at 2:45 p. m., and found all the people out
fighting fire, whrch was surrounding the town on all sides. We
set out our train on the side track, and went to the lower end of
the yard. Everything was on fire, the ties under the rails were
burning, and the box cars on the side track were on fire. I got
back to the water tank as quick as I could, it being impossible to
see, and the rails started to warp in the yard. We stood on the
side track waiting for passenger train Xo. 4, which was due at
3:25 p. m., in charge of Conductor Powers and Engineer Best. I
notified them that they could go no further, as the rails were warped,
everything being on fire east of there and that it was dangerous to
go any further.
I was running engine 105 with A. R. Thistle as fireman. We
went in on the side track and got three large box cars and a caboose,
and pulling out on the main track, coupled onto the rear end of
the passenger train, I was regular train Xo. 23 and had the rights
of the road from Hinckley to West Superior, and the passenger
train was helpless, as they could get no order to back up.
I pulled my train, with passenger train, down to the depot; it
was composed of three box cars, one caboose, coaches and one
combination car; and waited for the people to get on, as they were
coming from all directions. Some of them failed to reach the train,
being overcome with the fire and smoke, and died from the effects
in p!~in sight of me. By this time the storm was a regular cyclone,
and it was impossible to see or to stay an}' longer at the depot
The conductor, W. D. Campbell, told me to pull across Grind-
stone river, which is one -half mile west of Hinckley; the bridge con-
sisted of one span ; it caught fire while we were standing there load-
ing passengers. The ties and bridges ahead of me were all on
fire and my only salvation was to pull out at once and head the
fire off. I knew if we stayed there any longer we would all be
burned. Conductor Campbell gave me a signal to go. I whistled
off brakes and started.
When one mile west of Hinckley I saw m;n. women and. children
coming from all directions. I called for brakes and re-
versed engine, and stopped and picked up the people and then
182 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
started again and ran as fast as a wheel could turn under an engine.
By this time we had about five hundred of the Hinckley people on
our train Xo. 23, who were packed in the box cars, coaches and en-
gine and every available place on the train. Every bridge we
crossed between Hinckley and Sandstone was on fire.
When we arrived at Sandstone Conductor Powers wanted to stay
there. He thought that everything west of us was burned and that
it wasn't safe to go farther. I refused to stay there and said we
would better take our chances of crossing Kettle River bridge, even
if it were on fire, than to stay at Sandstone, which meant sure death
anyway, as the fire had reached there. He said, "All right, go ahead.
You are running the engine and have the right of road." I pulled
out and hadn't been gone more than fifteen minutes before the peo-
ple who did not get on the train or get into the river, were burned
up. When I got to Kettle river bridge the cold shudders ran
through me for I expected to find the bridge burned, and it was on
fire at the time. The watchman called to me that it was all right
to go ahead, as the fire had just struck it.
We arrived at Partridge and there I found that our supply of coal
and water for the engine had almost given out, and that me must
have more before we could go further. The people were packed
so tight in the cars that they were nearly suffocated. I went with
the men to O'Neil's logging camp near by for water pails and cups,
and carried water to the suffering passengers to revive them. I
finally got started toward West Superior again. I stopped at all
stations and notified all \he people of what had happened.
Before I arrived at Kerrick my eyesight had become so affected
by the smoke and fire that I could not see. I stopped there twenty
minutes to bathe my eyes. I got them doctored so that I could
see well enough to start again and arrived at West Superior all safe
and sound with the five hundred passengers on board.
I failed to state that while I was at Partridge I got orders to run
ahead of train Xo. 3; (train 22 was abandoned to run slowly) and
to use my own judgment.
Enclosed find my photograph which you requested. These are
the facts as they occurred from the time I left West Superior on
train 24 and from Hinckley to West Superior on train 23, pulling
passenger train consisting of coaches and engine 125, three box
cars and one caboose from Hinckley to West Superior.
Hoping this explanation is what you desire, I am yours truly,
ED. BARRY, Engineer,
FOREST FIRES. 183
BRAKEAIAX C. C. FREEA1AX.
We left West Superior at seven a. m. for Hinckley on train 24,
September first, 1894, and on arriving at Partridge the sun became
clouded by smoke, and we knew that there must be a big fire south
of us. On arriving at Sandstone it was so dark that we could hardly
see to do our switching.
On leaving Sandstone about two p. m. I lighted the side lights
of the cab so that they might see the cab from the head end.
When we reached Hinckley, about 2:30 p. m. it was so hot and
the smoke so dense, that we could not see half way over the train.
We pulled down in the yard and pulled through the AI. & AI.
track Xo. 2 and left all our train excepting three or four cars, \\v_ich
were for St. Paul, which we set on Eastern Alinnesota track Xo.
two or three. The engine then came back to the north end of the
yard, where the heat was so intense that they could not get on the
turntable to turn it, or get any coal.
I was getting the numbers of some cars that we intended to bring
back. I got the numbers of thirty-four loads. The next was a car
of merchandise, the number of which I wrote on the book, and then
I heard the engine give two whistles, which I knew meant that
they were going over the St. Paul and Duluth crossing. I looked
up to see which way I should go, and saw that the cars were on
fire right in front of me. I then started lor the office and nearly
suffocated before getting there, when I found that all the trainmen
had gone, and that only Air. Alurry, the telegraph operator, and
Mr. George Surgeon, the agent, were there. We stayed there as
long as we could, then started for the upper office, where we found
that train Xo. 4 from West Superior for St. Paul, had just arrived.
I told Engineer Best that he could not get through the lower
yard, as all the cars were on fire when I left there. I then found
Conductor W. D. Campbell, of train 23, and we took all the cars
that were on the house track, three in number, and our cab, and
coupled onto the rear end of the passenger train, and then were
ready to come back.
We loaded everybody that we had time to before the fire drove
us away, staying there about eight or ten minutes after we coupled
to the passenger train, during which time the train was started three
or four times, because Engineer Barry thought it perilous to stay
longer, as the fire was so near and so hot. We stopped, however, a
short time longer.
184
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
JOHN G. HOWARD, SUPERINTENDENT OF BUILDINGS.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 185
When we left there we pulled across Grindstone river bridge and
stopped again, to pick up what people we could. We waited per-
haps four or five minutes, during which time the train was started
that many times, and I stopped it until Conductor Powers and Camp-
bell deemed it unsafe to stay any longer. We then started for good.
As engine 105 was backing up Brakemen C. Beach, of the passen-
ger train, G. Gillam, P. McLaughlin and myself of train 23, were on
the back of the tank to watch for danger. As we were nearing the
first bridge, about three-fourths of a mile this side of Hinckley, we
could see that it was on fire and slowed up a little, but thought it
better to go on than to stop, so we started and did not stop again
until we got to Sandstone. Every bridge we crossed over from
Hinckley to Sandstone, was on fire.
We got to Sandstone O. K., where we tried to get the residents
to get on the train; but the fire was not burning very fiercely there
then, and they did not wish to leave their homes, they said; so
we started again.
Kettle river bridge was not on fire when we crossed it, or any
more bridges from there to West Superior.
On reaching Partridge the poor little ones and the ladies who
were in the cars were nearly famished. G. W. Gilham and I with
some of the men who were aboard got water for the children and
sick women to drink. We were there about twenty-five or thirty
minutes.
Mr. G. W. Gilham and myself rode the back of the tank from there
to Dedham, where we were not able to see any more from the ashes
and smoke. We stopped at all places from Partridge to West Su-
perior, and notified people to look out for fire.
On arriving at West Superior our engines were uncoupled from
our train and a switch engine took us to Duluth, where \ve left all
the cars and came back to West Superior and home. From what
I have heard and from books that have been printed, there were
only one or two men who got any credit for the work done on the
first day of last September. If they are the only ones deserving of
credit, let it be so, but I do not think there was a man on that train
who did not do all in his power to save the lives of every one that
he could, a nd the property of the company as well.
The names of the crews on train 4 and 23 are given below:
On train Xo. 4, H. L. Powers, conductor; W. B. Best, engineer,
engine Xo. 125; and C. Beach, brakeman.
]86 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
On train Xo. 23, W. D. Campbell, conductor; Edward Barry,
engineer, engine Xo. 105, and Charles C. Freeman, G. W. Gilbam
and A. McLaughlin, brakemen.
FIREMAN A. R. THISTLE.
I was firing engine 105 on September first, on trains 23 and 24 be-
tween West Superior and Hinckley. We arrived in Hinckley at
2:45 P- m - an( l found the yard and town surrounded by fire and
everybody out fighting fire. We put the train away with difficulty.
We could not make up the train on account of fire and smoke, so
we went on the side track and waited the arrival of tr-ain Xo. 4 then
nearly due. We did not get our engine turned, as the fire had
already caught the telegraph office, and was dangerously near the
round house and turn-table.
On arrival of train Xo. 4, we backed up to the passenger station,
along with that train, as they could not get any farther, and took
three box cars from the freight house along with caboose, and
coupled onto the rear end of the passenger train; then waited until
everybody got aboard. We then started for West Superior.
Hinckley was all in flames when we left.
We were signaled to stop at the mile board and did so, taking on
a few more people. It was then as dark as night and the ties in
a great many places were on fire; also some of the bridges between
Hinckley and Sandstone. We stopped at all stations between Hinck-
ley and West Superior.
HEROES REMEMBERED.
The Hinckley fire sufferers feel that they owe a great debt of
gratitude to the brave railroad men of the Eastern Minnesota, who
rescued 500 of their number from almost certain destruction on that
fatal September afternoon, when the fire king in his fury raged
through the forest, sweeping towns and farm houses out of exist-
ence and destroying many hundreds of lives. Thev remember how
the boys in charge of that train, when the shadow of death was r ver
all, worked rapidly, seriously, and with perfect composure, with the
single object of rescuing human life. They remember the terrible
experience of the ride through the burning forest, whore serpents
of flame writhed and clambered and it was an open question whether
or not death had intercepted them and waited the.ir arrival a littk
farther on.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 187
Prominent among the men \vho distinguished themselves on that
memorable day were Engineer Edward Barry and Conductor W. D.
Campbell, of the freight train which doubled up with the passenger
on that occasion. The Hinckley people have presented to these two
gentlemen each a solid gold medal in the form of a six pointed star
and which is suitable for being- worn as a watch charm. On the
face of each charm is inscribed: "Hinckley Fire Sufferers, to
," mentioning the name of the recipient. On the reverse
side appears the following: "In recognition of his heroism and
bravery."
188
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
PIXE CITY.
D INE CITY is the county seat of Pine county, and the town near-
^ est to the scene of disaster. It is bisected by the St. Paul &
Duluth Railway; it was from this place that the memorable tele-
grams telling the world of the great fire were sent, and John F. Stone,
the well known proprietor of the Pioneer House, the man who sent
them; the operator was Mr. A. J. Armstrong. Not often in the
memory of men now living, have any messages gone over the wires,
which awakened such world-wide interest. As soon as the work of
the fire was known, every one, who in Pine City could help, were
glad to do so, and interest to the close of the work never abated for
an instant. To tell who helped would be to tell the names of the
adult population and many of the children.
To Pine City, telegrams came from near and far like a flood, one
man could not have possibly done the work. Telegrams to persons
who had relatives in the fire and from relatives to those who had es-
caped its heat and flames, from all sorts of people offering help and
asking questions. Crowds flocked to Pine City on foot, in wagons
and buggies, and by trains, the representatives of the state, of the
great cities; lawyers, doctors, clergymen and nurses; every rank in
society found this a convenient place. The refugees might be seen
upon the streets, men upon whose faces the terrible anxiety of the
fatal Saturday had stamped an indelible mark; they were too sad
to speak; women who had little children in their arms, into whose
faces they looked and took a sweet pleasure in so doing, even though
they knew that to provide for these little ones meant for them years
of dreary work, hard toil and sacrifice; children out of whose lives
had departed the comforts of other years. Some of these people had
escaped death only by most wonderful providence. There was one
common bond of sympathy, and that was that they had all had
similar, though different experiences.
Every available place which could be of service to those from the
burned localities was used in the way found best. There were never
wanting ready hands prompted by loving hearts, to assist to the very
190
MINNESOTA FORREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 191
uttermost each and all who wanted help. The ladies did a work
which they may well look back upon with pleasure. Mrs. J. F. Stone
worked long and hard, day and night and many a fire sufferer will
carry grateful memories of her kindness to their latest day. Mrs. L.
E. Breckenridge was one of the women who counted toil joy and
labor sweet if she could, as she did, bring light to many hearts. She
was night and day at the drug store, bright hopeful and useful to a
degree no words can fully tell. Mrs. Kate Vaughan, Mrs. F. A.
Hodge, Mrs. L. H. McKusick and Miss Nannie Monk all did noble
work, with many others. Amongst the men who worked incessantly
were lawyer S. S. L. Roberts, John Vaughan, Otto Mowalkee and
Henry Kath. These men led the crew that went out on hand cars
on the Saturday night. A good system of registration had to be
adopted, places at which meals could be had provided, steps taken to
ensure that all had not only a place in which to sleep, but where
they could be sure of plenty to eat. Mr. H. H. Hart was on hand
with Mr. Arvold and Mr. J. F, JacksQn, secretary of Associated Char-
ities of St. Paul, Mr. J. T. Manix, secretary to Mayor Eustis, Min-
neapolis, and many other well known people made Pine City head-
quarters. The following ticket shows how the admission to the
dining room was gained:
| 1 | 9 I;. 3 . -.| ' 1 | 9. | 3 1 I 3 ! 3 I
OOOD KOR 21 MEALS
TO
STATE RELIEK COMMISSION.
NOT GOOD UNLESS COUNTERSIGNED.
J. F.JACKSON, Agent, Pine City, f
Every one entitled to such a ticket received it freely. The mayor
and officials gave the freedom of the town and hospitality of the
people to their neighbors in all their trouble. The whole state is
debtor to the good citizens of Pine City for what they so self-sac-
rificingly did in the month of September, 1894. The narrative of Mr.
Stone will be read with deep interest.
PINE CITY, MINN., Sept. 1, 1894.
To the PIONEER PRESS and GLOBE, St. Paul, Minn.:
The forest fires north of the town are raging with savage fury, the
high winds through the day have fanned every spark into a flame and
192 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
it has been traveling over the country, sweeping- everything before
it. Settlers are being driven from their homes to seek shelter in
the marshes ; hay and buildings consumed, and che air in suffocating
condition from heat and smoke. The north bound Limited train
with all the passengers, is now laid up at this place waiting to get
through to Duluth. Crews are out working on burnt culverts and
repairing bent rails to get the trains through if possible, tonight.
There is no communication with Hinckley, but it is feared here that
the town is in imminent danger. Relief crews are being sent out
from town as rapidly as possible to aid the distressed settlers. At
this writing (10:30 p. m.) the wind has died away and hope has cor-
respondingly increased. No danger to this town at present.
STOXE.
PINE CITY, MINN., Sept. i, 1S94.
To the PIONEER PRESS and GLOBE, St. Paul, Minn.:
Hinckley burned to ashes; many people lost their lives in the fire,
balance are homeless and destitute; send relief if possible at once.
The little town of Mission Creek entirely wiped out. Engineer Jim
Root probably fatally burned. Situation appalling and heart-rend-
ing in the extreme. STOXE.
PINE CITY, MINN., Sept. 2, 1894.
To Gov. NELSON, Minneapolis, Minn.:
Relief committee to receive aid for Hinckley sufferers is James
Hurley, J. F. Stone, E. A. Haugh, H. Birchers, J. W. Breckinridge,
all at Pine City, to whom supplies should be sent.
J. F. STOXE.
PINE CITY, MINN., Sept. 2, 1894.
To the PIONEER PRESS and GLOBE, St. Paul, Minn.:
Relief party has gone from here with medical aid fcr the suffering
and provisions for the hungry. Wires are down and no communica-
tion since train came down at 12 o'clock. The town is completely
wiped out. The Limited train from Duluth, Root, engineer, was
caught in the fire and Root standing to his post like a hero, ran his
train back to Skunk Lake with it all on fire, and saved his passen-
gers. When last seen, he was lying in his cab, badly burned but
breathing. The people of Mission Creek saved themselves by lying
down in a potato patch until the fiery indignation was past. The dis-
aster is full and complete and sad enough to dismay the strongest
heart. Relief temporary, substantial, and immediate is needed and
needed bad.
The Limited passenger train, six miles above Hinckley, is in ashes,
and about two hundred people are there in the marsh near Skunk
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 193
Lake, with fire all around them. Yard master at Hinckley is badly
burned. The relief party is pushing through and hope to get there
by 2 o'clock. It was only by the most superhuman effort that the
train was backed out of the fire and the passengers saved. Poor
Root! he ought to live, such men are always heroes in time of need.
STONE.
ST. PAUL, MINN., Sept. 2, 1894.
To FRED A. HODGE, Pine City, Minn.:
Special train with food and blankets leave here at 3:30 for Pine
City. Tents and clothing will follow on later train.
TAMS BIXBY. Governor's Secretary.
ST. PAUL, MINN., Sept. 2, 1894.
To FRED A. HODGE, Pine City, Minn.:
What is needed? Answer quick.
TAMS BIXBY, Governor's Private Secretary.
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., Sept. 2, 1894.
To F:7ED A. HODGE, Rush City, Minn.:
You have the unmeasured sympathy of our people in your terrible
affliction. Will rush relief; hope to send car of provisions in a few
hours. Do you need any medical help. Wire for anything specific
you need at once. W. H. EUSTIS, Mayor.
ST. PAUL, MINN., Sept. 2, 1894.
To F. A. HODGE, J. F. STONE and S. L. ROBSRT, Rush City, Minn.:
Your telegram received too late or notice of the calamity would
have been sent to all the churches in the city. Wire me at once a
list of articles most needed and will send today. Will call meeting of
citizens tomorrow morning.
ROBERT A. SMITH, Mayor.
REV. WILLIAM WILKINSON, DEAR SIR:
Your kind invitation to contribute some data concerning the Pine
county forest fires I deem an honor far greater than my ability to
fulfill.'
Living as I did, thirteen miles from the immediate scene of the dis-
aster, I can only give you points and facts that came to my personal
knowledge after the event transpired.
Pine City was safe. Safety is a great thing in time of danger.
Danger is made up of degrees that gradually increase until it assumes
the shape of a gigantic calamity, beyond the power of the human
mind to understand, or physical ability to avert Such was the char-
acter of the great Hinckley fire. It is said that "Coming events cast
their shadows before.'' This may be true; it is true in many respects.
It \vas true of the Hinckley fire. We read in the Bible that, "The
194
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 195
elements shall melt with fervent heat, etc.," a prophetic utterance, rel-
ative to a general breaking up of all things. It may not be ap-
parent to all, and it may be scoffed at and criticised by the ovenvise,
but the fact nevertheless remains that our meteoroligical conditions
for the last twenty years have been undergoing a gradual, insidious
and dangerous change. It is fashionable now, and adds much to
our fancied security, to have a convenient root house, or cyclone
cellar, to flee to at the first indication of a rising storm. Little in-
nocent clouds, whose former office was only to "drop the gentle rain
from heaven upon the place beneath" have learned such dangerous
tricks of late, that when they begin to get bigger than a man's hand,
the people are filled with apprehension, and vague unrest, which con-
tinues until the glad sunshine comes again.
Formerly the seasons were tempered with a very even distribution
of precipitation; but now Dame Nature resorts to the curious and
unusual freak of emptying it all out in a short period, in the shape
of cloud bursts and spiral spouts of electric fury. These periods are
followed with severe drought, parching the earth, withering the
vegetation, and preparing everything in first class shape for the
flames.
The fire at Hinckley was one of the results of causes which are
constantly increasing in power and frequency, and which will, in
the near or distant future, develop much more disastrous effects.
This fire resulted in the constituent elements of the air becoming dis-
integrated, separated, and leaving one element an inflamable, dan-
gerously explosive gas, while the other hung like a dark pall over
the scene, shutting out the light and rendering the chance for de-
struction more weird and complete. Literally the air was on fire,
exploding in flashes.
Mr. % Eraser, who with his family was caught in the vortex of one
of these death dealing explosions, saved himself and family by placing
his children in the water barrels found on the wagon hitched to a
fleeing team, and saved his wife and himself by keeping under a con-
stant stream of water, kept up by his undaunted heroism and bravery
in the face of death, and presence of mind in time of imminent and
fatal danger. As it was, all his family suffered serious and perma-
nent disfigurement and injury from the hot stifling blasts from the
explosions. These gigantic storms, this "melting of the elements
with fervent heat" in earlier ages of the world's history produced our
primary drift, and in that way have been a wonderful aid to agricul-
196 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
ture, civilization and commerce; but a change is taking place which
we can know if we try to discern the signs of the times; and while
it is not in our power to avert, we can save ourselves, in many cases,
by fleeing from the wrath which is sure to come.
Time is divided into periods and cycles, some of which are con-
ducive to human life, its development and prosperity; while others
are equally powerful to destroy. To say we are gradually entering
such a period now, would only provoke criticism, and lead the learned
to raise the cry of "calamity howler;" but cold facts, based on many
years of careful calculation, bear out by unimpeachable evidence this
important theory. This Hinckley fire was one of those unimpeach-
able witnesses. Years ago ''rocks fell to dust" and mountains melted
away before the same supernatural force, onlv manifested in a greater
degree. It is coming again. What did Pine City do in this awful
calamity of last September? Only her duty.
When suffering and stricken humanity presents itself to her more 1
fortunate fellows, the better instincts of the human mind predominate,
and we help without ever thinking of the right or wrong. It is done
unconsciously, and from absolutely pure motives. I could tell yen
how the scorched, burned, and half-suffocated victims came down
through the suffocating darkness on that fearful September night,
from that awful holocaust, but that has been and will be told in
your valuable book by others. I sent the first message over the
wires announcing the sad news to the outside world, through the
columns of the St. Paul Globe and Pioneer Press, of which I was the
local Pine City correspondent. As fresh news came in it was sent
out until it became apparent to the two great dailies that a special
correspondent must be sent at once to the field; this was done. I
sent out the messages to the governor of the state and to the mayors
of the Twin Cities when it became obvious that our resources were
entirely insufficient to meet the necessities and pressing needs of the
victims. This was done after taking counsel with the leading citizens
here, and deciding that such a course was imperatively necessary.
A. G. Parkins, Esq., called a public meeting in Robinson Park
early Sunday morning, September 2nd, where the first relief commit-
tee was chosen. This committee consisted of James Hurley, chair-
man; J. G. Breckinridge, secretary; Fred A. Hodge, treasurer; John
F. Stone, Herman Borchers, E. A. Hough and A. G. Perkins. Each
one then was assigned a part, and in the course of two hours there-
after everything was moving like clock work. The Citizens' Com-
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 1C 7
mittee from St. Paul and Minneapolis, on their arrival Sunday night,
September 2nd, found us in perfect organization, and the immediate
necessities of the sufferers fairly well supplied. This committee con-
tinued its good work until all the difficult labor of relief had been
met and accomplished.
Early in the week, Gov. Nelson appointed a State Relief Commis-
sion, who visited our village, met and conferred with us, appointing
Secretary H. Hart as their executive officer, to whom, after a few
days of joint work, the whole business was turned over. Secretary
Hart opened an office here, where he continued the work about
four weeks, after which he removed to Hinckley where he could be
nearer the center of the district needing their services. Up to this
date the commission is still in existence, doing much valuable work.
Not wishing to go into the details for fear of repetitions, as no
doubt you have chronicled all the incidents which I could relate,
again thanking you, I close. Yours truly,
JOHN F. STONE.
MR. JAMES HURLEY, CHAIRMAN OF THE PINE CITY
RELIEF COMMITTEE, SAYS:
"I was sitting on the steps at my neighbor Lambert's at n o'clock
p. m., Saturday, September 1st. We were talking about the fire
there was considerable uneasiness regarding it when the marshal,
J. E. Netser, came and said, "Hinckley is all burned out, and many
lives lost." The news was brought by Augus Hay and Carle Veen-
hover, two residents who had walked miles through smoke and fire
to a construction train that was engaged in repairing a bridge,
which had brought them here, and in a little while all Pine City knew
what had happened and was astir.
I went into 'my house, told my family what had happened, got my
overcoat and went down town. I met a number of men and women
at the park. We called all the young men and boys present and sent
them to every house, and gathered all provisions ready for use.
Within half an hour, everything carried in this train was at the depot,
and a local doctor and two other doctors, had such medicines, drugs,
liquor, batting, bandages and all they would be likely to use in that
line, together. We started with an engine and two coaches. We
went through fire and smoke, and it was a grand panorama to look
upon the flames in the distance, eighty feet high, but dangerous to
pass through. I should judge seventy-five men were on the train.
On our way we stopped three times to take on hand cars and push
198
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 199
cars, to move the sick and the dead. We got to Hinckley about
12:30 or i a. m., Sunday, September 2nd. We stopped at the junc-
tion of the St. Paul & Duluth and Eastern Railroad. Here we
found all who were saved and able to get there from Hinckley.
They had come to the round house, and were in and near it. We
made no records at that time, there were too many things needing
attention ; but I am safe in saying there must have been two hundred
people.
The doctors at once went to the help of the burned, and as soon as
they could be loaded on cars they were taken to Pine City, where all
possible preparations had been made to receive them. While the
doctors were treating the injured at the round house, and the others
were getting onto the train, I with a party of five or six others went
to the gravel pit.
We found Rev. D. W. Lawler, partially unconscious. He had
been brought from Grindstone river, where he had been during the
fire, to the place in which we found him. He knew us well before
the fire, but being now totally blind, at first did not understand who
we were. We carried him to the train; the others who were with
him there, coming with us, many being just able to walk, and got
on the train which now left for Pine City. With lanterns all the ad-
jacent places were searched for the living and dead. It was a grue-
some task, some of them being baked, not yet cold. The train came
back from Pine City, after leaving its load of desolate sorrowful peo-
ple there.
The Skunk Lake relief party had got back to Hinckley with all
they found at that place. When those, with all we had found, were
loaded, the train again went to Pine City. We came back Sunday
forenoon. Thus all the living had been looked after, this being
the first imperative duty. By this time we saw something of the
magnitude of the work before us. The leading citizens met in the
park and organized committees; the duties of several were to look
after the needs of the living, and care for the dead. Donations had
been made and while all had done their best, still it was evident that
local gifts could not supply every need, so we ordered out of the
stores what was necessary for present use. By this time all the con-
tinent knew of the awful calamity, and telegrams in floods came in,
of sympathy and offers of help, all of which were gratefully re-
ceived.
This brings us to Sunday, September 2nd, at 4 p. m.
200
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRE^. 201
PINE CITY, MINN., Jan. 12, 1895.
HON. H. H. HART, Secretary State Fire Relief Committee:
I hand you herewith a statement of receipts and disbursements of
the treasurer of the Pine City relief committee, as promised.
I will itemize a statement of disbursements if you desire.
Yours truly,
F. A. HODGE.
JAMES HURLEY, ESQ., Chairman Relief Committee, Pine City:
I submit herewith a statement of the funds I have received and dis-
bursed as treasurer of your committee, viz.:
RECEIPTS.
Citizens of Taylor's Falls $394-6o
Dr. Hukins and brother, Iowa 10.00
A. L. Leinman, White Bear 5.00
Rutledge Lumber Company IOO.GO
Employes of Rutledge Lumber Company I75- C
August J. Anderson, Taylors Falls 50.00
Milage of Rush City . . '. 250.00
Citizens of Stillwatcr 200.00
Citizens of Lindstrom 83.00
L. A. Elbert, West Duluth 25.00
W. A. Bend, from St. Paul committee 500.00
Milage of Harris 100.00
Citizens of Harris 37-75
P. H. Stolberg, Harris 100.00
P. Huntoon, Stillwater 5.00
W. G. LeCrone, Faribaiilt 7.00
Citizens of White Bear 196.17
A. P. Xoyes 2.50
Rev. H. B. J. Jansen, Alexandria 15.00
George H. Cunningham, Sturgeon Lake 2=5.00
A. H. Clark * 5.00
Citizens of Xorth Branch 100.00
J. A. Guthrie i.oo
Unknown i.oo
W. P. Broughton, St. Paul 25.00
Unknown, Cambridge, X". Y 5.00
J. Leary, Bald Eagle i.oo
P. E. Foredine 2.00
Citizens of Wyoming, Minn 83.00
Mr. and Mrs. R. F. Paxton x . r oo
Mrs. W. DeHart i.oo
Sunday School, Amora, 111 5.00
Sunday School, Big Wood ! 7-7
F. Chimielewski, Sturgeon Lake c co
J. F. Jackson, account State Relief Commission 77-42
Total receipts $2,599.21
202 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
DISBURSEMENTS.
Paid orders drawn by State Relief Committee $i, 102.42
Paid orders drawn, Pine City Relief Commission 1,372.72
Paid Kenneth Clark, treasurer of State Relief Commission. 124.07
Fred A. Hodge, treasurer $2,599.21
MEMORIAL SERVICE FOR THE DEAD.
After the fire, as soon as men had time to look over the condition
of affairs in Mille Lacs, Carleton and Pine counties, it was felt that
there should be one great public service, in memory of those who
had departed from the life that now is, and gone into that which is
on the other side of death. Pine City being the town nearest the
scene of disaster and most easily accessible at that time by rail, it was
the place selected for the purpose of holding it. The result proved
the wisdom of the choice. September 9th was appointed and was
probably one of the most memorable services ever held in America
since the great Abraham Lincoln was laid to rest. All day the fires
near the city had been burning; the very photographs of horrid and
alarming experiences endured a week before were stamped upon the
minds and hearts of many hundreds of men, women and children,
who were either making Pine City their home or had come to the
service. They saw anew September ist, and the sight brought tears
to their eyes. They heard again in memory the voices now silent
and saw once more the faces gone never again to return.
To this service, which had been made known all over the land
through the public press, had come from ail parts of the state and
many other states as pilgrims to a shrine, throrgs of people, and the
opera house was the place to which they wended their sorrowful
way. All entered into the spirit of the hour, and the words of
Christian hope fell on the ears of the people, as the gentle rain falls
upon the warm dry earth, softening, refreshing, blessing it. In two
solos the deep bass voice of Mr. Albert Berg, who is now secretary of
state, sounded through the hall like music from another world.
Mrs. Barnum sang a solo, and her soft, clear voice, produced a deep
impression.
When Mr. Knudsen read a list of dead r a profound silence per-
vaded the whole assembly. The Rev. Mr. Feetham, Methodist min-
ister in Pine City, and Rev. Father Bajec, priest of Rush City, spoke
with much feeling. The Right Rev. Mahlon X. Gilbert, D. D., assist-
ant bishop of the Protestant Episcopal church in the diocese of Min-
MISXESOTA FOREST FIRES. 203
nesota, had been asked to give the principal address All who heard
it said nothing could have been more tender, beautiful or appropriate.
The Rush City Post reports the meeting thus:
Through the courtesy of Mr. J. D. Markham a number of persons
from this place were taken to Pine City in a private coach Sunday to
attend the services which were to be conducted in memory of the
fire victims. Owing to a report that Pine City was in danger of
being destroyed by the insatiable flames, the car which was due to
leave at 4 p. m., did not start until 6 o'clock. By that time the
greater number of those who intended to go decided to remain at
home. The dreadful report that flames 200 feet high were advancing
rapidly towards Pine City was ample reason for their deciding not to
go.
The services were to have been held in Robinson's Park, but the
confusion which prevailed during the afternoon made it impracticable
to conduct them at that place. The committee wisely postponed the
services and made arrangements to have them in Tierney's hall in
the evening.
The scene at the hall was a heartstirring one. There were those
present who alone represented what remained of a once happy family.
Some were still bandaged; upon others frightful scars were visible,
and the look on the faces of many told only too plainly the story
of the loss of home, loved ones and hope. Sadness pervaded the at-
mosphere and a heavy feeling seemed to press on the hearts of all,
present.
The exercises opened with a few remarks by Chairman Mannix,
who, in closing, presented Rev. Knudsen, pastor of the Presbyterian
church at Hinckley, who read a selection from scripture. Bishop
Gilbert followed with an earnest prayer and then Airs. Barnum sang
a solo with much feeling. Rev. Knudsen again stepped forward and
read a list of those of his congregation who were dead and buried
and made some comment upon the havoc caused by the flames. He
was a fellow sufferer, and believed the hand of God was hidden be-
neath the cloud of sorrow.
By request Attorney S. G. L. Roberts read a poem composed by
Mr. Tallman commemorative of the forest fires.
Rev. Feetham ministered words of courage and comfort to the sor-
rowing and made a point of :':e lesson that out of all sorrow some
good is sure to be derived.
Father Bajec spoke on the subject, "Is life worth living?" Among
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
*!5F*hv
REV. C. C. SALTER, M. A.
MTXXESOTA FOREST FIRES. 20d
other things he said, 'When I looked upon the cold, distorted corpses
as they lay scattered upon the blackened ground and thought of how
suddenly fire had- taken them from life ; how they had struggled for
a foothold upon p!enty amidst hardships and discouragements, and
ho\v family ties had been rent asunder and grief was all there was
left, it certainly seemed that life was not worth living. But, my
friends, there is hope beyond, and these persons who are now cold in
death were slowly preparing for an eternal home." He dwelt upon
this subject in a manner creditable to himself, and his remarks were
appreciated by the large assembly.
Attorney Markham gave an account of the expedition party which
searched the woods in and about Pokegama and concluded by advis-
ing the homeless refugees to again go to the place where home once
stood and build. Money should be furnished out of that so gener-
ously contributed and assistance would be forthcoming from all di-
rections. His advice was just what was needed, and inspired the
forlorn sufferers with renewed hope.
Albert Berg, Republican candidate for secretary of state, was pres-
ent and sang two of his famous solos. His rich, powerful, wonder-
ful voice was indeed music to the ears of those who had heard naught
but sobs and distress during the week.
The address of the evening was delivered by Bishop Gilbert. The
bishop was thoroughly impressed with the solemnity of the occasion
and seemed inspired with eloquent emotion. From the Pioneer
Press we quote the following, which is a brief synopsis of his ad-
dress :
"I stand before you tonight to give voice to the sympathy which
swells up from responsive hearts over the land. This little com-
munity, before obscure and scarcely discovered on the map, has
for the last week been the nerve center for all the world. Messages
of love and sympathy have come throbbing under leagues of ocean
from all parts of the world. God must have had some sublime ob-
ject in bringing about this awful disaster did we only read his pur-
pose beneath the intensest of. suffering. Let it not be said that
God has thus spoken out of the whirlwind and we have not heard. I
know we cannot unravel all the mysteries of God. We are often like
babes who can only cry out with pain and cannot understand the
cause, but then like children we can learn the lesson taught us. Our
eyes fill with tears when we recall the awful agony through which
many of you passed when the besom of destruction swept over you
206 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
and the black cloud of death was illumined only by the lurid flames,
but I would have you think not of this, but of those lost friends re-
gained again in a better land. These calamities are all a part of
God's plans. The great civil war of thirty years ago is an illustration
of this, where sacrifice and suffering wrought freedom and a united
land. So it has often been in your own lives where there has been
seeming loss. What is the gain? First, we are taught that God
is greater than all material things. When we have built up a ma-
terial fortune and begun to worship it, one sweep of divine justice
takes it away, reminding us that God is more powerful than these
things; second, our hearts are brought together. You have heard
of the great strikes that agitated the country a few weeks ago, array-
ing man against man, threatening anarchy and social disruption.
Like the finger of God this calamity has come and swept away all
distinction of rank and class. God used this to cement again the
bonds of fraternity which were being rent asunder. I stood last
Monday in the chamber of commerce at St. Paul and saw tears
moisten the cheeks of the men who rule the finances of a great city
as they responded to the appeals made in behalf of those stricken
people. . They did not know these woodsmen; they did not know
these men of toil; but their hearts were touched by the sufferings of
common humanity. God thus used the grim surgery of fire to heal
the wound.
"Again we must not lose the lesson of personal heroism. When
we have met these men as we do frequently on the train they did
not look like heroes, but plain men, scarcely worthy of our notice.
When the trial came and an awful death threatened hundreds of hu-
man lives, they stood up in their divine heroism and taught us a les-
son that beneath the humble garb is often concealed a noble man-
hood, and when we have turned to dust the world will still honor
the names of Powers, Best, Sullivan, Root, Campbell and Blair.
Such heroism will cover a multitude of sins, and I doubt not God
will blot out some of their faults, for they doubtless had faults, and
remember that they nobly did their duty in the time of trial. The
trial seems hard, but what matter if it makes you better? Look up
and let the sacrifice of friends and loved ones make you nobler and
purer. Last of all, when the grass has grown green over their
graves and your hearts' wounds are somewhat healed, let us not for-
get that God came down in a chariot of fire one day as he did for
Elijah of old to take our better selves up to himself."
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 207
The hymn, "Our Great Redeemer Praise Ye," written by ]. E.
Moclin, was sung to music by Mozart, and so added to the memorial
service for the dead.
STATE COMMISSION APPOINTED.
By Monday afternoon, September 3rd, all the continent of America,
and the most of Europe had heard of the terrible calamity which had
befallen the state of Minnesota. It was then seen that the work of
relief would have to be taken in hand in a large way, no public
sympathy left to work at random would meet the urgent needs of
the case. Gov. Nelson consulted with some of the wisest and best
men in the state, and at once appointed a commission who received
power to ask for money and to use it as it should be needed for the
fire sufferers. The relief proclamation is printed in the state com-
missioner's report in this book, so that there is no need to reproduce
it here.
In looking at the end in view, the governor had to keep in mind
the fact that large sums of money had to be raised by the gifts of the
people at large; that as winter was near it would have to be spent
quickly; so it was absolutely needful that the men whom he vested
with authority, should be men of known uprightness and of known
ability, and also that they should be men in whom the fire sufferers
themselves would find kind friends.
As soon as the five names were published everyone felt that we
had a commission whose personal acts would be above reproach.
The names are : Charles H. Graves, of Duluth ; Mathew G. Norton,
Winona; Hastings H. Hart, St. Paul; Kenneth Clark, St. Paul;
Charles A. Pillsbury, Minneapolis. Mr. Graves is well known, par-
ticularly in Northern Minnesota; he is also well known all through
the state, having been 'speaker of the house of representatives. He
had the advantage of being in the district where the heaviest part
of the work, of dealing with the distressed, had necessarily fallen.
He is a man of high character and good ability. Mathew G. Norton
is respected and honored wherever known, by noble industry, pru-
dence and honest business methods he has won a reputation which is
to be envied. H. H. Hart is secretary of the Board of Corrections
and Charities, Minnesota, and thus had an experience which the
governor rightly thought would be of much value to the commission
in its work. Mr. Kenneth Clark is president of the Capital Bank
in St. Paul, a Presbyterian in religion, and interested in many good
works in the city. Mr. Pillsbury is head of the greatest milling firm
208 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
on the continent. Pillsbury's Best flour is known from one end of
the land to the other. He is accustomed to large plans and a royal
man is he.
These five men were called to their first meeting in St. Paul, Sept.
5th, as the annexed letter shows:
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, ST. PAUL, MINN., Sept. 4, 1894.
HON. C. A. PILLSBURY, Minneapolis, Minn.:
By direction of the governor, I have the honor to inform you that
you are appointed as a member of the State Commission for relief of
Hinckley fire sufferers, authorized to receive contributions of money
and supplies, and to expend and disburse the same.
The commission meets tomorrow (Wednesday) at the capitol at 4
o'clock in the afternoon. Don't fail to be on hand.
Yours very respectfully,
(Signed) TAMSBIXBY,
Governor's Private Secretary.
At this meeting Mr. Pillsbury was chosen chairman, H. H. Hart,
secretary, Kenneth Clark, treasurer, and they were made the ex-
ecutive committee because, being the officers of the commission, and
living in St. Paul and Minneapolis, they could readily be called and
easily meet together. I know the spirit in which their work was
entered upon, and the difficulties they had to meet; it is the simplest
truth to say that no five men ever entered upon a work of love with
higher aims or purer desires. The public will never kn9w all the
difficulties they had to encounter and overcome.
The fire had swept through a new piece of country, the people
left homeless and penniless, many of them helpless, from many lands
and churches. They had had different kinds of training, and they
differed greatly in personal character and tastes. The property they
had before the fire was held in very many different ways. Some had
a contract to buy and had paid part of the cost, others had bought
and had mortgages upon their houses and lands. Now the houses,
barns, etc., were all gone the mortgages were greater than the value
of the property left. In such cases to rebuild on that land was to
put money intended for the fire sufferers onto the land which the
nominal owners, in all human probability, would lose on foreclosure;
others did not know just how their property did stand in regard to
title. Some fire sufferers were widows with small children, some old
people who had lost those upon whom they depended for counsel and
help. To act quickly was to be sure to make very grave mistakes;
M1NXEOSTA FOREST FIRZS. 209
to stand still was impossible in the circumstances. It took a little
time to comprehend the whole situation. To add to all this there
was a large class whom the commission could not effectively keep,
who were the well-to-do, and had been, up to the day of the fire,
for years, in circumstances which to them were affluent.
The commission was not an insurance society, it could not place
such people where they were before the fire, in the commercial world,
yet it was this very class, who in all except in the loss of life, lost
most. The commission appointed agents, as its report shows, whose
duty and pleasure it was to find out the exact facts in regard to loss
and need, and the ability of those who came for help to help them-
selves, and each and every case was taken up, considered with care,
and assisted as it appeared wise.
It was soon found that the most ready to press claims, the most
clamorous, were not the most needy, nor had they, in many cases,
suffered the greatest injury by the fire. On the contrary, many such
persons were the least worthy, and had least ground for appeal. It
often happened that the retiring and modest, the highly deserving,
had to be sought and helped, and made to understand that accepting
such aid was not charity, but the common help of man to man in
the day when one suffers extraordinary misfortune.
The commission decided that they would not build any houses
upon property to which, those for whom it was intended had not a
perfect title. They engaged a competent lawyer to see that this rule
was strictly complied with. The wisdom of such action is seen at
once; it answers two purposes. It sees that the money given by the
generous public is not wasted, and that the fire sufferers had at least
a home in which to live; both very desirable points.
210
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES
ANGUS HAY.
J. E. GEMMEL, M. D., C. M.
Jm jj|5,
OLIVE A. BROWN.
FRED ROBINSON.
RUSH CITY.
THE reports printed below give a good photograph of what was
done with such heartiness by this town and its people:
MISS OLIVE A. BROWX, DAY OPERATOR AT FIXE CITY,
WRITES:
At exactly at 11:30 on the night of September ist, 1894, I was sit-
ting in the office with Mrs. James Root, wife of engineer Root,
waiting for the arrival of the south-bound train, No. 4, on which train
Mr. Root was engineer, when I was paralyzed to hear the following
message sent from Pine City to the dispatcher in St. Paul:
PINE CITY, MINN., Sept. i, 1894.
To J. MICHAELS, St. Paul, Minn.:
''Hinckley, Mission Creek and Xo. 4 train are all burned up, ex-
cept the engine. The passengers on No. 4 train are in Skunk Lake,
about six miles north of Hinckley, and about half the people in
Hinckley are dead. We want all the assistance possible. Notify
both doctors at Rush City, and any others that can be got here at
once."
After hearing this, I at once started and notified both doctors.
There being an extra freight train and also a light engine here at
that time, they immediately started the light engine north, with the
two doctors and six other men to the scene of action.
The citizens here then gathered together provisions sufficient to
feed the sufferers for two days, the supply including one hundred
and thirty gallons of milk, and loaded it on to the relief train, which
was ready to leave in less than forty-five minutes from the time the
message was received. The first relief train that reached the sufferers
was started from Rush City.
Altogether, there was sent from this place about seven hundred
gallons of milk to the sufferers at Hinckley.
' OLIVE A. BROWN.
212 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MARSHAL GEORGE B. KXIGHT.
Quite a party from Rush City responded to the telegram from Pine
City, the nearest office to the affected region. Shortly after receiving
this telegram, which was the first we had heard of the fire, a relief
train from the south stopped and took aboard our delegation, to-
gether with provisions, blankets and such articles as could be hur-
riedly thrown together, including a carload of milk.
Arriving at Pine City cwo hand-cars were procured and manned,
the cars going ahead to examine the track and prevent a collision
with a relief train which had previously started for Hinckley and
which was now thought to be returning, the train following slowly.
In this way Hinckley was reached.
We began immediately to care for the suffering and covered the
dead. It was while ministering to the affliction of a party of blinded
and exhausted trainmen that the question was heard, "Has anybody
gone to Pokegama?" "Xo. Why?" "Our train was wrecked
there. The people of Pokegama are in the cars, for God's sake
go up!"
No time was lost in procuring another car, and a party consisting
of W. S. Chapin, George Knight, Robert O'Leary, Gustaf Lingren,
Ed. Parrel and Frank Smith undertook the arduous task of push-
ing on over the burnt and smouldering road to Pokegama.
One mile out from Hinckley, Smith decided that he had made a
mistake in starting and endeavored to persuade the others to turn
back. Failing in this, he mournfully sat down on the car and allowed
the remaining members of the crew to pump him on two miles
farther. Three miles from Hinckley a long trestle over a marsh
or ravine had been burned, and the only way to proceed was to
carry the car around the smoking ruins. Here two other rescuers
stuck, and the party was equally divided as to whether or not they
should turn back. The matter, however, was compromised, the three
promising to remain with the car while Chapin, Knight and O'Leary,
taking a box of biscuits and a can of milk, pushed on afoot.
Two miles from the burnt trestle they found the so-called wreck,
which consisted of two passenger cars "ditched," while the engine
and one car yet remained on the track. To these cars part of the
inhabitants of Pokegama had fled for shelter, and here the rescuers
found about sixty burned and blinded sufferers. After finding and
relieving in every possible way that sympathetic manhood could de-
vise the sufferings of the unfortunates, a party of about sixteen was
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 213
organized and the rescuers, each bearing a child upon his shoulders,
led them back to the trestle and the car. Rails and boards, which
the haste of the fire had left untouched or but partially burned,
vvere collected, the car enlarged and the entire part}- placed thereon.
All six of the crew fell manfully to work, and, notwithstanding that
in the short distance of that three miles the car had to be unloaded
and lifted around burnt culverts and defective rails no less than fifteen
times, Hinckley was soon reached.
As soon as the car could be cleared of its suffering freight, it
\vas again headed for Brook Park, the same crew at the handles.
This time none faltered. There were suffering fellow mortals ahead
\vhom they could assist; they would. Arriving at Brook Park,
however, they found but two, a man and wife. The others had been
reached and cared for in some other way.
Taking these, they returned slowly to Hinckley, being much ex-
hausted, having worked twenty hours without sleep.
Of the heroic and unselfish work of the above Geo. B. Knight
in keeping the party to work, too much cannot be said. He carried
babies and little children great distances and the rescued said, "Never
did anything taste quite so good as that can of milk.
John Powell was section foreman in charge of crew of section Xo.
10 of St. Paul and Duluth railroad, who writes:
We passed a section crew one mile south of Pine City, in smoke
so dense, and Xo. 3 following so close, we dare not stop and take
them on. Kept on until one mile south of Brown's Hill, which is
four miles south of Mission Creek. In the cut there we picked up-
Section Foreman Gustafsoii and his crew ; and found his wife and two
children, and sent one man back with them to Pine City, or they
would, no doubt, have perished. One-half mile beyond we found
a great pile of logs burning close to a bridge and removed them,
the men using their clothing to protect themselves while at work.
Engineer Jones took me on the engine to pilot him, it was so
dangerous. The men in the caboose wanted to turn back; it was
so hot they lay down in the bottom of the caboose. I told Jones
of this; but he replied that it was as safe to go ahead now as to
turn back.
Three and one-half mites north of Brown's Hill we found Sec-
tion Foreman Baumchen, of Hinckley, and his crew. They were
in the creek bottom and cut off by fire on both sides. They fol-
214 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 215
lowed up the creek, coming in to the railroad again at the next
bridge, where we picked them up. One-half mile farther on we
found a bridge burned out.
Having charge of the crews, I kept five or six men with me, and
the train went back to Rush City for bridge timbers, reaching there
at 6:15 p. m. and leaving at 6:55, with four cars of timber and
rails which they loaded themselves.
They brought John Gillie, bridge foreman, and his crew and
reached us at eight p m. In forty minutes we had that bridge "rip
rapped."
"While the train was gone to Rush City I sent four men ahead on
a hand car to Mission Creek. They picked up a deer on the track
that had been smothered, and took it to the people at the Creek,
who skinned it, and with it and some potatoes- made their first meal.
"With the repaired bridge crossed, we went on within one-fourth
of a mile of Mission Creek station, where we found a culvert gone.
I rode on the engine, and I can tell you we did not know when we
might go into the ditch, it was so very dark from smoke, fearfully
hot, and we were nearly blinded. Ties were burning all along the
line, affording us a little light to see the rails, which in places were
badly warped. While this culvert was being repaired I took a few
men and walked to Mission Creek, where we found all the settlers
thirty-five to forty sheltered in a little log house, the only one left
in the town, and brought them with us to the train. These were
the people who were saved in the potato patch. While waiting for
them to get to the train, a hand car from Hinckley came down with
Editor Angus Hay, of the Hinckley Enterprise, and a party in search
of a physician for the sufferers at Hinckley. We sent this party
with others on the train back to Pine City at once.
Through Mission creek w r e found the main track all burned out
and warped out of shape. I kept a crew with me while the train was
gone, and repaired passing track, then went with them on to Hinck-
ley, where we arrived at 12:30 that night.
At first it seemed impossible to get through town, or across the
bridge. I did not stop to look in the round house, or go to the
gravel pit; I only thought of pushing on to the other train on our
own road, and reach those people.
Passenger Conductor Buckley, of St. Paul and Duluth No. 3
limited train going north, came back from Pine City in charge of a
train to take the people back, having Conductor Jim Sargent with
him, assisting in looking after supplies, etc.
216 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
I succeeded in getting five hand cars and a push car over the
burned bridge, which was all iron (as all the ties were burned out),
and almost red hot; and we had, at the south end, to carry them
about five rods. At times it seemed impossible to get across, the
heat was so intense, and die bridge so long, with the burning mill
so near. But Conductor Buckley, who was there in charge, said:
''Those people are over there, somewhere, and we are bound to get
to them."
I went ahead and flagged them through on the first hand car and
took four men on each car. We left Hinckley at 2:30 a. m. and
reached the burned No. 4 limited at Skunk lake at 4:30 a. m. We
found the rails out in several places, ties all burned and rails warped.
Three miles south of Hinckley we picked up a badly burned man,
whose clothes were nearly all burned off, only a part of his under-
clothing remained. The section men gave him some of their cloth-
ing. One-fourth of a mile from the burned train, we found a cul-
vert burned out, and had to tramp around these burned out places.
We had some provisions on our car. Conductors Buckley, Sargent
and myself walked ahead from this last culvert to the train, which
was all destroyed. The coal in the tender was all afire when we
reached it. \Ve found Engineer Jim Root in his engine on the
deck (I mean the floor). He was propped up and all alone. I was
the first one to see him and said, "Hello Jim! How do you feel?"
He answered, "I am poorly." He did not know me for awhile.
Conductors Buckley and Sargent said, "We have a doctor, Jim." We
now had with us Dr. E. E. Barnum, of Pine City brought him on
with the train. Some one replied, "A doctor is no good, now!"
And we feared so, too.
By this time the hand car came on with provisions, which the
conductors distributed among the passengers, who looked pretty
hard, I tell you! They were along the railroad right of way.
I pressed on north and found Section Foreman McXamara, of
Hinckley, whom I had promised to look up. He was so dazed as
to hardly realize what he was about. When I inquired about his
family, ke said he did not know anything about them, aad together
we went on north in search of them. Two miles further on we found
three traveling men, one of whom was so bewildered he did not
know what to do. One went north on my car, which I let go on,
while the other two walked south with us to Skunk lake. I stayed
there at Skunk lake until the arrival of the relief train under Con-
ductor Roper, from the north. I then went to Rutledge with Ale-
M1XXESOTA FOREST FIRES. 217
Xamara and stayed until the construction train came south, on Sun-
day afternoon to Skunk lake.
With nine men I walked to Hinckley. We found, I think, ten
bodies between the burned train and Rutledge. I saw none dead
at Skunk lake.
From Hinckley I took the train and arrived home at Rush City
Sunday night at midnight, after one of the most awful experiences
and scenes of terror that men ever passed through.
What Dr. A. J. Stowe, of Rush City, says:
I will give you some of the facts as I know them in connection
with the great fire in Hinckley, September first. During the after-
noon of the above date word was received by the mayor of Rush
City, Mr. C. S. Johnson, that Hinckley was in danger of burning,
and asking for as much hose as the city could spare. One thousand
feet of hose was accordingly sent on the St. Paul & Duluth Limited,
which leaves here at 4 p. m. We afterwards learned that the hose
never reached its destination as the train went no further than Pint
City.
We heard nothing further from Hinckley until about 11 p. m.,
when a message passed through this office from Pine City on its
way to St. Paul, saying that Hinckley was entirely burned, and
probably most of the people; that train Xo. 4 of the St. Paul &
Duluth Railroad was totally destroyed, except the engine, and that
nearly all the passengers, as well as the train crew, were in Skunk
lake, north of Hinckley. The message was sent by Mr. Lobdell,
who was a passenger on the train, and had succeeded in walking a
distance of sixteen miles to Pine City.
The operator at this place, Miss Olive Brown, acting under orders
from the superintendent of the railway, came to my house and re-
quested me to get what assistance I could and go to the scene of
the calamity. Dr. Gemmel and myself had soon in readiness sur-
gical instruments and supplies sufficient to meet any demands likely
to be made.
A St. Paul and Duluth engine was placed at our disposal, and no
less than three hundred people gathered at the depot, many volun-
teering their services, but were not allowed to go, the engine being
already crowded, not only by the relief party, but it also carried
quantities of clothing, food, blankets, etc., hastily gathered by will-
ing hands and given by generous hearts. The run to Pine City was
made at a speed that was very exciting to say the least. There a
218 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
long delay was caused by the fact that a train had already gone,
on account of which the railway company would not permit our en-
gine to proceed until they returned, the wires all being down above
Pine City. The party growing impatient at the delay, secured hand
cars and started out in the darkness.
When two miles out of Pine City, the burned district was reached
and the progress somewhat delayed V. smouldering fires ahead which
were constantly mistaken for the rettu "ng train. When out about
eight miles the train was finally met i, .d boarded by the most of
our party, and the work of relieving the t jfrering began.
The train was loaded with all those whc had saved themselves in
the gravel pit and round house, as well as a number from Mission
Creek station, just south of Hinckley. I do not know how many
the train held, but there must have been at least one hundred and
fifty persons, all suffering from the effects of heat and smoke, and
many from the effects of severe burns, all blackened beyond recog-
nition. As yet nothing had been done to speak of to relieve the
suffering, which was intense. Mayor Johnson, Dr. Krogstad, who
joined us at Pine City, and myself returned with the train to Pine
City, where a hospital was hastily improvised in the skating rink, ?nd
the work of washing up and applying surgical dressing began in
earnest. Several were so badly burned that their lives were de-
spaired of. No fewer than forty were quite severely burned about
the hands, feet and head, and all were suffering from pain in the
lungs and eyes, the effects of heat and inhaling the smoke. The
work steadily progressed from 3 a. m. until long after daylight,
before all had received attention.
Great credit is due the ladies of Pine City for their ready assist-
ance during this trying time, as well as many from Rush City, who
came up during the night by train. More valuable than any one
thing sent for the relief of suffering, was the milk furnished by the
farmers in the vicinity of Rush City, two thousand gallons of which
was sent as fast as the trains could be secured to handle it. It
was indeed a God-send to the poor homeless, half famished, half
burned and totally despairing creatures.
A staff of volunteer nurses was established at the rink hospital in
Pine City, and the work of caring for the injured continued until
relief came from St. Paul and Minneapolis, when fresh hands re-
lieved those weary with their arduous work. The most severely
burned were taken to the hospitals in St. Paul and Minnapolis.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 219
AX EXCITIXQ TRIP.
''But another light than sunrise
Aroused the bleeping street,
For a cry was heard at midnight
And the rush of trampling feet."
Than these no words can better describe what happened in Rush
City last Saturday night, when the news of the awful disaster at
Hinckley first reached the town. In the early afternoon it was
kfiown that a serious fire threatened the neighboring town, as a
request had been received by the fire department for five hundred
feet of hose. This request was promptly responded to and the
apparatus shipped at once, though it never reached its destination.
As nothing further was heard during the afternoon and evening,
the fears of the citizens were allayed, and every one was satisfied
t.h '.t Hirckley was safe.
Shortly before midnight, Miss Brown, the lady operator here, was
sitting in the depot, when suddenly a message came from Pine City,
giving in brief the dreadful tidings of the burning of Hinckley, and
asking for rescue and relief for the suffering. Realizing the situa-
lion at once, Miss Brown hurried out to give the alarm, and in a
fe v nii merits the shrill sounds of the mill whistle called the citi-
ze-.. together, while the telegraphic summons for help was sounded
along the line. The message called for doctors and supplies, and
before the fire alarm had ceased Doctors Stowe and Gemmel were
at the depot already equipped. A few moments later they, with a
few chosen assistants, were in the cab of an engine speeding rapidly
to the scene of the disaster.
Those who remained were formed into an impromptu relief com-
mittee and busied themselves in preparing provisions, clothing and
supplies of all kinds in readiness for the "special" coming from St.
Paul. Nearly all the ladies in town proffered their services, and
the scene at the depot during the night was one of activity personi-
fied. In the absence of definite news from the scene of the disaster
the greatest anxiety prevailed, for there were many who had friends
and relatives in the burned district, and it would be safe to say that
not an eye was closed in Rush City during the night.
In the meantime the "Advance Guard," as it might be called,
were speeding towards Pine City. Drs. Stowe and Gemmel with
Messrs. J. D. Markham, S. C. Johnson, C. E. Elmquist, Howard
Folsom and others were in the cab of the engine and though the
220
3IWNESOTA F011EST FfllES.
FOREMAN POWELL.
MAYOR JOHNSON, RUSH CITY.
DR. STOWE.
C. C. FREEMAN.
AflNNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 221
ride was rough, the pace was none too fast for them. The en-
gineer and fireman shared the anxiety and Pine City was speedily
reached.
Here a vexatious, though perhaps necessary, delay occurred. A
relief train had been sent to Hinckley and was expected to return
any moment, and it was therefore not thought safe to send another
train out through the fire and smoke at that time. While waiting
the two physicians attended to the injuries of some half dozen people
who had been brought down from Hinckley and Mission Creek,
and while they were oerforming this duty the special arrived, bringing
with it not only thf necessary supplies, but Dr. Krogstadt, of North
Branch, Dr. Tictir, of Harris, many of the Rush City citizens and
several hand cars. The latter were at once put into service and
the relief party started on a wikl ride to Hinckley. The first car
contained Drs. Stowe, Gemmel, Krogstadt and Messrs. S. C. John-
son, C. F. Jackson, G. Smith, W. S. Chapin, Gust Lindgren, Rob-
ert O'Leary and C. E. Elmquist. The second car had J. D. Mark-
ham, L. M. Gale, W. G. Hopps, H. Squires, Peter Fngel, Jos.
Schmitz, Fidel Schir"'tz, Dr. Tictin and others of the Rus^ City Re-
lief Committee.
Then comumenced the most exciting part of the journey made
by the vanguard of the Rush City Relief Corps. After crossing
Snake river there was nothing to relieve the monotony of darkness
but the fitful lights of the lanterns on the car and the occasional glare
of a burning stump or a telegraph pole. The way was full of
danger, for the relief train from Hinckley might be expected anv
moment; the fire had been raging on all sides for many hours and
none knew but y hat the track might have been destroyed. But
knowing of the s iffering before then, there was no thought of dan-
ger amongst thr willing workers who manned the handcars, and
they plunged inf> the inky blackness of the night, through mingled
fire and smoke, intent only on giving relief to their fellow beings.
The scene, hi d there been time to notice it, was one of incom-
parable grander-. The night was intensely dark; the smoke from
the forest fires, which had been raging for days, was almost thick
enough to cut vith a knife, and the lanterns on the cars only served
to light for a r iV> ort distance ahead "the straight an:l narrow way"
over which thf pioneers were traveling. It was too dark to dis-
tinguish the fo-est on either side of the track, but with even- rod
traveled could be seen in the distance "as through a glass dimly"
the light of a turning pine tree. Very often the fire would be seen
222 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
suspicously clcse to the track, and, to the anxious eyes of those
who were in ai Vance, appeared to be the red light of an approach-
ing train. Th~< the speed would slacken and a flagman sent ahead
to investigate. There were many false alarms but in spite of them
Mission Creek ten miles from Pine City, was reached in an in-
credibly short space of time. Here an unlucky accident to one
of the occuparts of the first handcar furnished the onl" ludicrous
oasis in a wid( desert of misery.
Soon after leaving Mission Creek, the first relief train was met
returning from Hinckley bringing down most of the survivors from
that place. Many of these were burned more or less severely and
everyone presented a most terribly destitute and woe-be-gone ap-
pearance. After a hasty examination of the sufferers by the medi-
cal men it was decided to return to Pine City, Drs. Stowe and Krogs-
tadt going back with the train, while Drs. Gemmel and TicHn pushed
on with the handcar to Hinckley where there were several still await-
ing help. On this handcar were also Messrs. C. F. Jackson, W.
G. Hopps, R. O'Leary, Gust Lindgren and others from Ru^h City.
On returning to Pine City the relieving party found the citizens
ready to receive them, and lost no time in administering to the wants
of the sufferers. A hospital was hastily improvised in the skating
rink for the more seriously burned, and here the medical men were
kept busy for hours dressing the injuries. The town hall was
thrown open to the other fugitives and their w r ants in the way of
clothing and food promptly attended to. The relief train for Rush
City had brought up not only many ladies to assist in the work, but
a vast amount of clothing and provisions. Among the latter were
several hundred gallons of fresh milk, and this particularly was a
perfect boon to the sufferers.
Meanwhile the handcar with the two physicians and others had
reached the ruins of Hinckley. Here in the round house of the
Eastern Minnesota, the only building left standing in the place, were
eight or ten people all more or less suffering from the effects of the
fire. The principal trouble with them, however, was the effect of
the smoke and fire on their eyes, and this was relieved a* well as
possible by the doctors.
The early morning light was just appearing when the doctors fin-
ished their work amongst the sufferers in the round house, and as
they stepped out to view the ruins of Hinckley, the scene was one of
magnified horror and wide spread desolation. The coal in the sheds
where the depot once stood was blazing fiercely, while on the other
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 223
side of the track and close to the bridge, piles upon piles of lum-
ber were burning. Thick, dense clouds of black smoke filled the
air and myriads of sparks were borne northward on thf morning
wind. Looking northeast from the Eastern Minnesota round house,
not a vestige could be seen of what was, a day before, a fair and
flourishing town. Nothing but ashes, smoke and flame met the
eye. Even the very dust in the streets was burnt by that terrible
fire. The horror deepend on closer inspection. At almost every
step through the place one would see some sight evidencing the aw-
ful fatality. The bodies of men, women and children were found
on even- side, mingled often in a confused mass with dead animals.
The sight was one utterly impossible to describe or *magine, and
one which, once seen, could never be forgotten.
Soon after daylight the relief train again arrived from Pine City,
bringing many Rush City citizens, plenty of food, milk and other
necessities. Messrs. J. C. Carlson and S. Abraham had charge of
the commissariat, and among others who rendered valuable assist-
ance were David Bloom and W. F. Anderson, all of Rush City.
Drs. Clark and Francis, of White Bear, accompanied the train, and
with the two doctors already on the spot, were in time to meet the in-
jured passengers who had been on the destroyed limited. These
had been brought in from Skunk lake on hand cars and were speed-
ily transferred to the train. The latter then started back to Pine
City and whik the surgeons were dressing the wounds of the injured,
the laymen were supplying the poor unfortunates with food and other
necessaries.
The arrival of the survivors was another saddening sight. Men,
women and children had spent the night in the dismal swamp, shiv-
ering with cold and shuddering with horror at the scene they had
passed through. Never were people more gladly welcomed than
were the relief party that reached there in the early morning, and
warmly did they welcome the prospect of a speedy rescue from their
desperate condition. A relief train from Duluth arrived almost at
the same time and while some of the ill fated passengers elected to
return to the Zenith City, others were placed on hand cars and, as
stated above, brought to the relief train at Hinckley.
By the time this latter train reached Pine City the wants of the
sufferers had been fairly well attended to, and they all presented a
more cheerful appearance. The more severely hurt were taken to
the improvised hospital, while the others continued their journey to
other points along the line.
J. E. GEMMEL, M. D. CM.
224
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
RT. REV. M. N. GILBERT, D D.
MINNESOTA FOREST F[RES. 225
Any seeming contradictions between the subjoined account and
the narrations of the calamity visited upon other portions of the
fire burned districts, will be made perspicuous in the light of this
explanation, namely:
Pine City is the nearest town to Hinckley, Brown's Hill lying be-
tween Pine City and Hinckley. On September first, 1894, there
was a fire raging at Brown's Hill entirely independent of the
Hinckley fire.
The officials <~>f the St. Paul and Duluth Railway thought the fire
at Brown's Hi 11 had burned down the telegraph line, destroying com-
munication with Hinckley, therefore felt no anxiety relative to the
latter place.
On the Eastern division of the Great Northern railway a fire was
burning at Quamba, which is between Mora and Hinckley. The
train crews were all at work the entire afternoon, endeavoring to save
the culverts for the passage of trains at Brown's Hill, on the supposi-
tion that Hinckley was safe, as stated. And at Brown's Hill it was
not known that Hinckley was burned until Saturday night, when a
telegram was received from Miss Olive Brown, of Rush City, an-
nouncing the calamity.
At Rush City word was received by wire by Miss Olive Brown,
day operator at the depot v who had remained steadily at her post
all day, refusing to leave at night, knowing that the country at the
north was in flames, but could get no facts), that Hinckley and Mis-
sion Creek were wiped out. It was then nearly twelve o'clock mid-
night. The message asked for doctors, nurses and relief generally.
Instantly Miss Brown ran to Dr. A. J. Stowe, (railroad surgeon at
Rush City) and to Dr. J. E. Gemmel; then, with Mrs. A. J. Stowe,
hurried from house to house and summoned the people to the rescue.
In an incredibly brief time, the physicians above mentioned, the
mayor, S. C. Johnson, Attorney J. D. Markham, Editor Charles Elm-
quist of the Rush City Post, Prof. L. M. Gale of the Rush City
schools and Howard Folsom (now one of the editors of the Courier
at Sandstone) with medical supplies and bolts of cloth for bandages,
etc., at just about midnight, left on an engine, as swiftly as steam
could carry them, for the scene of distress, having first arranged for
a special train of helpers, provided with tools, food, clothing and all
needful supplies for the stricken ones to follow. The bells were ring-
ing, and the whistles blowing signals of distress.
As this engine party started out, through dense smoke and burning
ties, railroad men were heard to say: "Those men are taking their
226 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
lives in their hands," as, of course, they could not know where they
might encounter a burned culvert or twisted rail, be ditched and meet
with sure death, owing to the speed necessary to make in order to
reach the sufferers. They were enjoined to stay on the engine and
not on the tender, and they bound themselves together with arms
interwoven, standing in the small space usually occupied by the fire-
man, while the latter industriously piled the coal into the furnace.
They reached Pine City, ten miles distant from Rush City, in a very-
few minutes. From that point they were obliged to resort to hand-
cars, which were soon manned. The physicians and most of the oth-
ers in the party, were soon off. J. D. Markham remained at Pine
City, helping in preparation for a hospital, and receptacle for sup-
plies, which promptly arrived from Rush City. The special train
brought hand car tools, lanterns, blankets, bedding, and food, com-
prising all the stock of supplies from every hotel, bakery, meat mar-
ket, most of the private houses, and included a car of milk and ice.
It was loaded with an army of determined helpers for any work;
among whom were John C. Carlson, cashier of Rush City Bank ;
Grant L. Smith, chief of the fire department; R. G. Rumsberg, mer-
chant, Col. R. H. Grant, of the Grant House ; C. F. Jackson, railroad
agent, T. W. Wadlow, secretary of brick company; George B.
Knight, city marshal; F. Redlech, of Rush City Hotel; J. F. Som-
mers, merchant; J. L. Murphy, of broom factory; W. G. Hopps,
photographer; S. Abraham, merchant; H. Squires, meat market;
W. S. Chapin, G. Lundgren, P. Schroeder, W. Anderson, P. Engel,
Albert Larson, F. Schmitz, P. Stenger, J. Schmitz, and C. Woods.
These men all went manfully to work, either on hand cars, unload-
ing supplies, or in other preparation for receiving sufferers so soon as
they should arrive.]
The afternoon's work of the section crews of Rush City demands
the highest commendation, as well as their evening labors as ad-
vanced guards, under the able management of Passenger Conductor
John Buckley, of St. Paul & Duluth Limited Train No. 3, going
north, who left his train at Pine City, and, with an engine and
caboose, and Section Foreman John Powell, of Rush City, with his
crew, James Earhardt, G. Ruble and others, accomplished great work
in getting to the burned people and conveying them to a place 01
safety.
It was Conductor Buckley who took the first load of rescue:! to
Pine City, with J. Y. Breckenridge in charge, where they were re-
ceived by the Pine City and Rush City contingent and carefully con-
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 227
veyed some on foot, others by teams to the improvised hospital.
To Dr. A. J. Stowe, Dr. J. E. Gemmel, S. C. Johnson and J. D.
Markham belongs unstinted praise for the tender care and attention
given the unfortunates in the hospital, in assisting in dressing the
wounds of these people during that dreadful night. Dr. Stowe and
Mayor Johnson remained true to the last. Later, both went to
Hinckley to render additional service.
At this time another resident of Rush City George H. Markham
was surrounded by fire near Mora, but succeeded in reaching that
place, and assisted in receiving and caring for the people of Pokega-
ma (Brook Park) as they were brought in, going early to Mora in
order to do all he could for the unfortunates. He is largely interested
in that place.
Rush City and all the railroad people are justly proud of the noble
work of their day operator, Miss Brow r n (whose portrait is here rep-
resented), as she was first to communicate the news to the physicians
and other residents. She remained at the instrument the entire night
of the ist of September, besides a part of the previous night, having
temporarily assumed the night man's duties in addition to her own,
to allow him a couple days' vacation. She continued at her place all
clay Monday, until finally absolutely dragged by the citizens from her
post and sent to take much needed rest. This she tried toward even-
ing on Monday, but sleep was nothing to her, and after a brief rest,
she resumed her position at the key, remaining until, some time dur-
ing the following night, when she was forced to leave for rest and
sleep. Through it all she thought of but one thing relief for the
poor victims of the fire, sending all the words of comfort "or sad
news obtainable.
In addition to all this, there were two and three heavily loaded pas-
senger trains at the depot for from 48 to 60 hours, with passengers
sending and receiving messages to and from all parts of the world,
all of which work she performed, with never a frown or unkind re-
mark. Many a passenger will remember her, while reading these
lines. Some of the noble heroes of the fire have been lionized, and
made recipients of medals and various testimonials. This heroine
worked bravely in the performance of her whole duty, modestly and
gladly, with no thought of reward ; yet who is more highly deserving
of recognition than she? On whom could a testimonial be more ap-
propriately bestowed?
At a meeting of the council and citizens of Rush City on Monday
forenoon, a relief committee was appointed, composed of Hon. F. S.
228
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
P. B. WINSTON.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 229
Christensen, J. D. Markham and R. H. Grant. Two hundred and
fifty dollars were immediately voted by the council and the com-
mittee, and turned over to the relief committee at Pine City. Besides
this, a car load of milk was sent daily for several days.
Mr. Robert Xessel, a farmer adjoining Rush City, hauled a load
of sheep and calves to Pine City as food for the sufferers, mention
of which has not heretofore been made.
Some of the most laudable contributions were those made by small
farmers from the "sand barrens'' of Wisconsin a section in Burnett
and Polk counties in that state lying east of Rush City, where the
farmers are all poor, and have been struggling, as new settlers,
against drouth and other misfortunes for two or three years. But
in their poverty, in this calamity, they hurried across the St. Croix
river, with magnanimous contributions to the relief committee of
Rush City, of potatoes, wheat, oats, rye, flour, butter, new home
knit stockings, pillows, clothing, etc. As these contributions were
indeed like the widow's mite, far larger proportionately than those
from the great cities, the donors' names should be inscribed on the
banner of worthy and perpetual record, although not thought of
by themselves. They arc:
N. Weyberg, S. Monson, X. Monson, A. S. Freedland, A. Erick-
son and C. Anderson, of Alstad, Burnett county, Wisconsin; and
O. Anderson, Olaf Anderson, G. Olson, K. E. Nordstrom, C. A.
Nordstrom, O. Carlson, N. Nelson, L. Norvall, J. Anderson, J. Bay-
man and P. Martinson, of Sterling, Polk county, Wisconsin, and A.
Larson, free ferryage over the St. Croix river. These goods, with
suitable acknowledgment, were received and sent by Mayor John-
son to Rev. William Wilkinson, who made distribution, we are in-
formed, among friends of some of these contributors.
J. D. Markham, of Rush City, spent his time almost exclusively for
about six weeks in the burned district, in the work of relief, and, at
the request of the St. Paul committee, and its representative of the
governor Mr. Harris Richardson, made one of the general relief
committee, and member of the finance committee, of which Hon.
James Hurley was chairman, and Hon. F. A. Hodge treasurer.
Mr. Markham organized the expedition to Pokegama (Brook
Park), where he had interest as one of the owners of the town, and
several thousand acres of land, on which the famous hand car trip
of the nine men went from Hinckley, where Rev. William Wilkinson,
as Mayor Eustis' emissary, was conspicuous by his good works, ref-
erence to which is made elsewhere.
230 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Of this band of noble men, it can be truthfully said that no more
conscientious, noble thoughts, or better and unselfish purposes ever
actuated men to press on to the relief of distressed humanity. They
knew not retreat, although at times they seemed vanquished. They
all were unused to the average hardships. What think you, then,
of them, when I say that these men comprised two ministers, the
Rev. William Wilkinson and the Rev. C. B. Fosbroke, two physi-
cians Dr. H. B. Allen and Dr. C. W. Higgins, Lawyer J. D. Mark-
ham, Banker B. J. Kelsey, Merchant A. Berg; a Brook Park victim
of fire, W. W. Brennan, a farmer of the same place (saved, but lost
his only son), and Engineer M. Thompson, of New Brighton.
At 3:46 on the afternoon of September ist, the following Rush
City men left that place, with orders to run wild, regardless of Xos.
3 and 4 Limited trains, and take their crews to the fire district:
Section Foreman John Powell (whose portrait appears in this book)
with his crew, T. Carroll, J. Earhart and G. Rhodes; Section Fore-
man B. Farrell, with his sons Ed. and James, and Ed. Fisk, with
engine and caboose, Conductor Riley and Engineer Jones, of Xo. 9.
Xo. 3 followed close behind, under Conductor John Buckley, taking
the fire hose of the Rush City fire department, to use, if possible, at
Hinckley.
The ladies from Rush City went to Pine City to assist in nursing
the sick, the burned, etc., among whom were Airs. Lou A. White,
Mrs. Mary A. Johnson, Mrs. Frank Rogers, and Miss Ellen Lind-
mark, each of whom rendered good service, especially Airs. White.
They went in charge of Rev. Wilkinson. Several families of Rush
City took in and cared for a number of the unfortunates; among
them being Martell and Johnson, Dr. Stowe, J. D. Markham, Joseph
McLaughlin and Mr. Flynn; while Mesdames Christensen, Carlson,
Martell, Johnson, Gemmel, Redlich, Rogers, Stowe, Wadlow and
Markham, clothed, sewed for and helped dress not a few. The
earnest labors of Drs. Stowe and Gemmel for days, all free of charge
to the relief committee called forth the highest praise from that
body, and special resolutions of thanks.
| By reference to the report of the general relief committee, notice
will be found of the action of the firm of Kelsey, Markham & Co.,
who were the owners and proprietors of Brook Park, in giving to
each burned out settler, a warranty deed of two acres of land, and ex-
tending all payments until Xovember, 1895.
In the burned district were several members of Jasper Lodge, X T o.
164, A. F. & A. M., of Rush City. Col. John F. Stone, of Pine City,
A FOREST FIRES. 231
worshipful master, and J. D. Markham, secretary. Through the
prompt action of this lodge and the efforts of its worshipful master
and secretary, all brothers were helped immediately, whether its mem-
bers or not; and from among its own people, these brothers and
their families received assistance amounting to about six hundred
dollars. One member of the order, Air. Paul Schlans, of Zion Lodge
Xo. 55, of Taylors Falls, Wisconsin, was burned up.
Judge Calvin L. Brown, of Morris, Minn., most worshipful grand
master of the Grand Lodge of Minnesota, in his address at the re-
cent session of the Grand Lodge at St. Paul, said:
"One of the greatest calamities that ever befell the people of
Hinckley last summer, the great forest fire which swept over the
northern part of our state, and laid waste so much property, and
sent so many souls to their final account, is unparalleled in history 7 .
It is indescribable, for those who witnessed it tell us that the printed
reports but feebly picture its enormity.
"Xo subordinate lodge was situated at Hinckley, but some mem-
bers of the fraternity resided there who lost all their property, and
barely escaped with their lives. Most of them were members of
lodges in this state. They were all in need of assistance, and the
members of Jasper Lodge, of Rush City, came promptly to their
rescue, and with money and kind hands, relieved them, so far as
money and kindness could. : : Some voluntary contributions
were made, and the lodge and brethren of Rush City did the rest.
Jasper Lodge is not a wealthy one, but on that occasion the mem-
bers thereof did their whole duty and work.
"Whether they ask this Grand Lodge to reimburse them or not,
they are entitled to its favorable consideration, and I recommend
that some action be taken in their behalf."
This lodge declined to ask the Grand Lodge to reimburse it, as
above recommended. The following resolution was unanimously
adopted :
"Resolved That the thanks of this Grand Lodge are due and are
hereby tendered to Jasper Lodge Xo. 164 of Rush City, for the grand
display made by them of the true principles of Masonic charity, dur-
ing the great forest conflagration which visited this state during the
past year; contributing as they did so liberally of their means, to
the relief of those who suffered thereby, without expectation of
returns or request for reimbursement/'
We can only add this, our testimonial, to the joy which fills the
232 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.^
hearts of those who know that "it IE more blessed to give than to
receive."
Great credit is due Superintendent Ed Brown of St. Paul & Duluth
Railway Company for assistance to the company in repairs on the
railway, etc., with Assistant General Manager L. S. Miller.
DTTLtTTH.
T HE first intimation the people of Duluth had of the horrible holo-
caust impending on the fateful afternoon of September ist, was
by the thickening volumes of smoke whirled through the air by a
freshening southwest wind. This smoke became so dense by 4 p. m.
that in office buildings lights had to be turned on for the ordinary
transaction of business; and when rumors, more or less ominous,
began to circulate, due to ill-concealed anxiety in railroad circles,
business became suspended; people flocked into the streets, into
hotel lobbies, or swarmed about telegraph offices, not knowing and
scarcely daring to ask, What was coming next. Later, when a dis-
patch was received to the effect that the forests around Hinckley
were on fire, and that the down '"passenger" from Duluth was lost
in a sea of flame, the community became fairly wild with excitement.
This excitement was "frozen," so to speak, into a sort of terror later
on; for as the sun went down, the great whirlwinds of flame, though
none nearer than fifty miles, lit up the smoky sky with an effect
so strange and awful, that an oppressive feeling of gruesome appre-
hension took possession of nearly everyone. The sky did not light
up from one direction, nor with a bright light, but suddenly, even as
one looked, the whole vault of Heaven became a glowing furnace of
a dull ruddy color, and with the appearance of the most intense heat.
The phenomenon came so suddenly and wore' an aspect so threaten-
ing, that it was felt as a sort of shock, well calculated to set common
intelligence at defiance. If one could have been divested of the no- "
tion that life would be impossible under conditions necessary for
such an observation, it could readily have been conceived that our
planet had suddenly found itself dashed against the atmosphere of
a glowing sun, for in every direction the air seemed a vast mass of
molten metal, threatening universal destruction.
The message alluded to above was picked from the wires at the
St. Paul & Duluth office about 6 p, m. It proved to be from A. L.
Thompson, operator at Miller, and was as follows:
234 MINNESOTA FOREST PIPES.
RAY LEWIS, MAYOR, DULUTH.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 235
"Xo. 4" (the down 'passenger' from Duluth) burned up Sullivan
for God's sake send relief." After which the instrument be-
came ominously silent This meant that the wires were clown or
that the operator had been compelled to* flee for his life, and there
was too much probability that both had been the case.
Orders were immediately telegraphed to all down trains to be
side-tracked, and the "Short Line" arriving at 6:15 was held for
the emergency. General Yardmaster D. E. Williams, of the St.
Paul & Duluth, made the train up as quickly as possible on its ar-
rival, and \\ith a relief corps, consisting of General Agent C. M.
Vance and Doctors Magie, Codding, McGormick and Gilbert, with
some representatives of the press, and others, it left the depot at 7:05.
Medicines, surgical instruments, blankets, refreshments, and every-
thing that could be thought of and scraped together in so short a
time, for the alleviation of such suffering as was anticipated had been
hastily provided. Previous to starting, Williams had found a "way-
freight," under Conductor Roper, side-tracked at Willow River, and
had "wired" him to take engine, caboose and some box cars, and
'"flag" his way to the relief of Xo. 4 passenger. "Hurry for God's
sake," the dispatch reads, '''"Miller reports them burned up." The re-
lief train reached Willow river without incident or impediment wor-
thy of note, except the inconvenience and discomfort of the con-
stantly increasing density of smoke and cinders. There they found
Roper. He had made two attempts to reach the wreck of the "pas-
senger," but had not been able to go much beyond Miller, owing to
the burned culverts and trestles past that point. He had, however,
been so far fortunate that he had been the means of saving some
lives, among them, a woman he had dragged from the water near
a burned culvert, beyond Miller. She was holding her baby with out-
stretched arms to save it from drowning when found, and both
finally recovered. He had also been the means of furnishing shelter
and the promise of safety to the many refugees who were coming
constantly, among whom was Conductor Sullivan, who had escaped,
somehow, from the ill-fated train. R. M. Bell, superintendent of the
union depot at Duluth, with his fifteen-year-old daughter, was also
among these. They had left the train when it was all ablaze and ran
along the track, keeping together, until exhausted, then by crawl-
ing and running alternately Bell sometimes carrying the girl they
had somehow escaped the swoop of the flames. But these people
236 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
were so completely exhausted by heat, blinded by smoke and un-
nerved by the terrible experiences they had gone through, that they
were entirely unfitted to give any connected account of what had
happened. For instance, Conductor Sullivan was completely blind-
ed by heat and smoke, and was suffering such excrutiating agony
from his eyes, that it was thought he would go> insane. Bell, when
asked by Williams what the conditions were at the wreck, could not
give the faintest ray of hope. He said, simply, that "everything was
burned, and everybody dead," and he would advise none to go fur-
ther, as they "surely would be burned too." But the very hopeless-
ness of the case seems to have stimulated Williams to greater efforts,
for he was determined to go until he found "Xo. 4." A hurried
consultation was held, with the result that the refugees from Rut-
ledge, Finlayson and Miller, were transferred to the relief train and
sent back to Duluth, in charge of Mr. Vance, and Doctors Mc-
Cormick and Gilbert; while Williams and Doctors Magie and Cod-
ding took Ropers train for "the front," that conductor, with Kelly,
the engineer, and crew, being ready and willing, though their loco-
motive and cars were liter-ally blistered with heat, to dive for the third
time into the maelstrom of smoke, cinders and fire.
Beyond Miller it was impossible to proceed by train, so Williams,
Roper and the two doctors took a hand-car at that place, transfer-
ring to it such supplies as it would carry, and pushed forward. They
'had literally to feel their way as they proceeded, and where the
woodwork of culverts and bridges had burned away, leaving the
track a skeleton, they had to scramble through on foot, and push the
car along as best they could. To prevent the inhaling of smoke they
had adopted the expedient of tying saturated handkerchiefs over
mouths, nostrils, and as much as possible over the eyes. The glare
of the conflagration through the smoke is described as an awful
sight, and magnificent, when the smoke would lift sufficiently, as it
did at times, to reveal panoramas of blazing forests and groups of
trees, everyone of which was a pillar of fire. But, as may be
imagined, there was but little time or inclination felt by the party
for admiration of the scenic effects; it was only a vivid presenta-
tion at best of the horror of the situation, and they were too often
reminded of the ghastly part these vistas of merciless flames had
played in the great tragedy of life. Eighteen dead bodies, all burned
beyond recognition, had been removed from the track, or found be-
side it, when at midnight the little party reached the smouldering
MINNESOTA FOREST FIR5S. 237
wreck of the burned train at Skunk Lake. The coaches were simply
a mass of smoking debris; the coal in the locomotive tender was still
burning quietly, but as no living being put in an appearance, and
everything was still as death, the terrible conviction was forced upon
them that all their efforts had been in vain; that not a soul was left
alive. As Williams puts it in the general railway mainner of speech,
"We thought all were killed."
Not knowing what to do next, it occurred to them all at once to
shout for the benefit of any or everyone that might by some stretch
of possibility be left alive and within hearing. It is not worth while
to try to express in words the joyful astonishment of our gallant
little party of rescuers as a great chorus of voices, from somewhere in
the neighborhood, came in quick response to their "Halloos."
Amidst exclamations of astonishment and delight, amidst wonder
and tears, the marvelous story of heroic men and noble women, and
the saving of a train-load of lives by means of an insignificant bog-
hole was soon told.
It is impossible to be niggardly in the bestowal of praise o<n Yard-
master David E. Williams, in connection with this first relief ex-
pedition, ais well as in subsequent efforts for the rescue and relief
of the sufferers, wh'le too much cannot be said of Roper and his gal-
lant crew, of Doctors Magie and Godding, who, simply as volunteers,
insisted on sharing in every lalbor as well as danger; it remains to
be particularly said of Williams, that in an extremely trying situation
he had kept his head remarkably cool and clear, anticipating con-
tingencies and preparing for emergencies, from the dispatching and
side-tracking of trains, to the ordering of rations for the hungry.
At Skunk Lake he took in the situation rapidly with a view to the
necessities of the case, left the two doctors with the supplies to care
for the wounded and suffering, while he and Roper took the hand-
car back to Miller, promising to have a relief train- ready to take
them all out by daylight. At Miller he set every available individ-
ual to work on the repairs or rebuilding of burned culverts and
bridges, not forgetting the while to send such supplies as he could
by han-dcar back to Skunk Lake. It is said of him that he stayed
at the front until through connections were made with St. Paul,
and that h6 did not sleep for 70 consecutive hours. Be this as it
may, he was certainly the first to relieve the people of Duluth, at
least in part, from a continual nightmare of horrors, by sending from
Rutledge at about 2 a. m. the following cheerful dispatch:
238 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
E. C. GRIDLEY.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 239
"Have been to wreck with handcar could only get to Miller by
train. Wreck is one and one-half miles south of Sandstone and all
burned up passengers all right but exhausted they are in a marsh
we go with timber to build bridge tell everyone all are alive
and well as can be expected will arrive in Duluth at 9 a. m."
While this dispatch was being circulated at Duluth and working
like magic in awakening her people from a feeling of complete help-
lessness to a sense of the grave responsibilities suddenly heaped
upon them, and serving also to awaken into more intense activity
that first great duty cf civilized man the care and protection of
the unfortunate; and while Williams and Roper with their noble
crew were steadily working their way in heat and smoke from Mil-
ler to the wreck, repairing bridges and culverts, Doctors Magie
and Codding had applied themselves to the alleviation of such suf-
fering among the survivors at Skunk Lake as their medical stores
and skill made possible. The condition of the people found there,
under almost any other circumstances would have been called de-
plorable; but, having escaped as if by ai miracle, the most fearful
death that human beings ar^ probably ever called upon to face,
they considered themselves, as indeed they were, most fortunate..
The most that could be done for them was the administering of
remedies for smoke and heat strained eyes, and the distributing of
such refreshments as had been brought Some slight surgical oper-
ations were performed also, but the instruments brought were of
little use those upon whom they might have been of service be-
ing beyond relief.
There seems to be no means of knowing or even approximating
the number of passengers and refugees there werei at this time at
Skunk Lake. The number from Hinckley who 'had "flagged" the
train and who had found safety in its terrific flight from thence,
has been variously estimated at from 150 to 200, so that there could not
have been less than three hundred, possibly as many as four hundred
that had found safety in this marsh of eighteen inches, at best, of mud-
dy water. Some of the dead found between this place and Miller
had, no doubt, been passengers who had tried to escape by way of
the track but had succumbed to exhaustion' or suffocation. O.
Rowley, auditor of the Duluth & Winnipeg railroad, was one of
these. He had somehow missed the marsh and strayed off into
a sort of ditch, where his remains were found afterwards, and only
240 MINNESOTA. FOREST FIRES.
identified by the laundry mark on his shirt collar. Ex-Senator F.
B. Daugherty and son, and two women, babies in their arms, saved
themselves the latter by Air. Daugherty's help, by burrowing in a
potato patch. But they were, it is believed, the only instances where
any were saved outside of the marsh, for all the rest found sb.el.tei,
so to speak, in this stagnant pool of stinking, slimy water, by cour-
tesy called a lake. Here, among Duluth's well known citizens was
Mr. W. H. Blades, whose eyes, it was thought, were permanently
injured, A. W. Spyers, who was badly burned in rescuing a little
girl. J. O. Turner and others; and among the prominent St. Paul
people were the Hon. C. D. O'Brien and Airs. Saunders, the for-
mer accompanied by a son and brother, and the latter by her own
children and some young nieces to the number of seven. Airs. Sau:v
ders gives Mr. O'Brien 1 great credit for timely assistance in keep-
ing her little flock together and hurrying them to the marsh. Here
were also the heroic Fireman McGowan, and the great porter,
Blair, the latter even here attending "strictly to 1 business," that is,
to the wants, comforts and safety of his passengers; pouring water
over some, dragging others to> places of greater safety, and com-
forting all with the cheerful prediction that "it would soon be over.''
Brave Jim Root, blistered, blinded and wounded by bursting glass,
had been all but carried to the marsh and back again to the cab of
his locomotive by his devoted fireman, and here he was found by
our relief party almost oblivious of things about him from his suf-
fering.
At an early hour in the morning a relief party from the south tin-
<ler Dr. Barnum had worked its way past Hinckley with handcars
and took away St. Paul passengers and refugees to, the number of
"ibout 40. Some two hours afterwards Roper's train had worked
its way to the lake, and taken out all the rest. These were subse-
quently transferred to an emergency train that had been telegraphed
*or for the purpose, and arrived in Duluth about noon on that day
September 2nd.
While these events were transpiring, others of a similar nature, and
almost equal in dramatic intensity, had taken place elsewhere. The
Eastern Minnesota passenger Xo. 4, Conductor D. H. Powers, with
William Best as engineer, arrived at Hinckley bound north on their
time, 3:25 p. m., Saturday. There Engineer Ed Barry was waiting
*or them with a way freight side tracked. After a consultation, an
emergency train of five coaches, one caboose and three box cars,
MIXXESOTA FOREST FIRES. 241
with the two engines, was made up, and the people packed in as
fast as they could be induced to come. Strange to say, many of the
citizens had no realizing sense of the danger impending, and were
slow to take advantage of the opportunity. By this dilatoriness
many lives were lost that might otherwise) have been saved. It
was 4:25 before Powers would give the signal to leave, and by this
time the intensity of the heat was such that human endurance
could not have held out longer. Yet another stop was made on
the other side of Grindstone bridge, and some 40 additional refugees
were picked up. In fact the ties under the track were actually ablaze
in some places before the train pulled out again. The first seven
miles after this was a ride for life such as only a very few can have
experienced and lived. The fire was on both sides of them and
roaring like a furnace; the thick smoke made it as black as night;
the train was smoking hot and might have burst into flame at any
moment; the people were fainting and gasping for air; but the
throttle was wide open and the head train was making a mile a
minute. Some seven miles from Hinckley it is said the train struck
a stratum of cooler air, which revived the almost suffocating peo-
ple to some extent. At any rate they began to breathe freer; though
not by any means out of sight or reach of fire, they had evidently
got ahead of it somewhat.
Owing to the density of the smoke there was no possibility of
seeing objects very far ahead, and the head lights, although lighted,
were of little use, as Barry's locomotive seems to have been ahead
of Best's and running backwards. In order to keep a look out for
the condition of the bridges, before they came to them, two brake-
men were stationed (Beach and the other name not known) at
the head on the tank, who, while the train slowed to four miles an
hour, would scrutinize as well as possible through the smoke the
objects before them. If the result of their observations was satis-
factory enough to venture, they would signal the train to go ahead,
when a dash would be made to the next bridge and so on. One
account makes it that in this way 19 bridges were crossed in about
as many miles; some of them already on fire, and all of which were
nearly or completely destroyed within a few minutes after the pas-
sage of the train. At Sandstone the people had not arrived at a
realizing sense of the imminence of the danger impending and 1
many lost their lives because they would not believe and embrace
the opportunity that was offered for escape. Near Sandstone the
242 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
BISHOP McGOLLRICK, D. D.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 243
railroad bridge over Kettle River was found to be on fire and the
train slowed up before reaching it. The problem was simple enough.
If the bridge would not hold them they would go into the river;
if they stayed where they were they would be burned. The two
watchmen stationed here indicated by signs and gestures that they
must make the venture, but no urging was needed, a second of
time in which to take in the situation was all, that was required.
The heavy train moved slowly out upon the burning bridge, quick-
ened its speed and, as if with an abated breath, it was over. Five
minutes later what little was left of the structure was a mere skele-
ton of charred timbers and one of the faithful watchmen who had
been so anxious for the safety of the train was unable to reach the
bed of the river in time to save himself and perished with his bridge.
In this part of the work it is not expected to do more than simply
allude to acts of heroism, and this only in connection with Duluth
refugees. It is impossible, however, to review even in the most
sketch}- way, these details without being struck with the most in-
tense admiration for the men that conducted this train. They could
not have been more brave than Root, McGowan, Sullivan or Blair;
they did not have quite so much to try their souls, perhaps. Yet in this
respect honors must be nearly equal, for, that which one crew did,'
the other would have done under similar circumstances, is abundant-
ly proved by what was done by either. That Root and his crew
came considerably nearer destruction no one will deny, for all cor-
roborative evidence agrees substantially in this, that it was a mat-
ter not of minutes but of seconds of time when his train must have
enveloped every soul in it in a living furnace of flame. Under such
circumstances it is not to be wondered at that strong men were
crazed by the unparalleled horror of the situation, and that Root
and his fellow heroes could face such a situation at all and retain
presence of mind enough to act as intelligently and as coolly as they
did, is not only a testimony as to the limit of human endurance,
"but can only be accounted for upon the theory that they were so
much more interested in the lives of those they had in charge as
to be entirely oblivious of their own.
On the other hand, Powers, Best, Barry and their associates,
though not at any time pushed quite so close to the uttermost brink
of destruction, deserve an equal amount of credit, for while a com-
mon fate was staring them all in the face, they had moral courage
enough to time their actions so well, both in the interest of mercy
244 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
to some and safety to others, that not a minute could have been
spared for the saving of another life. A weaker person than Pow-
ers would have stayed until it had been too late, a more timid one
would have rushed off too soon and left hundreds of lives to a fear-
ful fate. As it was, if he had owned a time piece from Heaven, he
could not have exercised a nicer judgment, or saved another soul
without the sacrifice of his train with its cargo of six hundred lives.
The French have a term "D'esprit de corps" for which we have
no equivalent in our language, but in America there is now, and is
being developed more and more every day, a chivalric spirit ani-
mating the "Followers of the Rail," peculiar to themselves. Of
this the deeds of the men who saved a thousand lives from the
Hinckley fire is only an illustration, but such deeds Should be the
means at least of creating a term of equal value in English speech.
RELIEF WORK AT DTLUTH.
At about 7 p. m. on Saturday, Mayor Lewis was "wired" by the
Eastern Minnesota that from five to six hundred fire refugees from
Hinckley and Sand'stone were on the way to Duluth on an emer-
gency train, and would be in by 9 that night. It did arrive at 9:30
thus bringing the first installment of fire sufferers from the burned
district, all of whom were practically in- a destitute condition and
must be provided with at least temporary help at once. They were
met at the depot by Mayor Lewis and a detachment of police, who
ha'd instructions to see that all were fed and provided with comfort-
able quarters for the night.
In the issue of the Duhith Tribune of Sunday morning was pub-
lished the following:
PROCLAMATION.
MAYOR'S OFFICE, DULUTH, Sept. 3, 1894.
A meeting of the business men and citizens of Duluth will be
held at the Council Chamber in the City Hall at 1 1 o'clock this morn-
ing for the purpose of appointing a relief committee to provide
ways and means for the care of the people who have been left des-
titute and homeless by the disastrous fire which has burned so many
flourishing neighboring towns. Hundreds of men, women and
Children were brought to the city list night and are in the armory
and lodging houses down town, who have lost their all and are
scantily clothed. We must provide food and clothing for them at
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 245
once. The occasion demands immediate action and I feel assured
that there will be a hearty response to this call.
RAY T. LEWIS, Mayor.
Long before the hour of meeting, citizens commenced to congre-
gate in the council chamber, and by 1 1 o'clock it was filled to over-
flowing. Mayor Lewis called the meeting to order, and made a brief
statement of the object and urgency of the call. He said the situa-
tion was a very grave one. Some 500 refugees had been brought
in by the Eastern Minnesota the evening before (75 had remained at
West Superior. Mr. Vance, of the St. Paul & Duluth, had brought
in about 125 from Willow River and Rutledge, and according to
the best calculations Williams would bring with him about 400
more from the burned wreck near Hinckley, who were looked for
at any moment. In all, over 1,000 people, all more! or less desti-
tute, thrown upon our hands without a word of warning or the slight-
est preparation made to receive them.
On motion, a subscription list was opened forthwith and about
$3,000 (this amount was increased during the day to about $4,000)
subscribed as fast as the names could be taken down, after which the
meeting adjourned. From this hurriedly selected committee which
was in fact invested with full control, and by tacit consent em-
powered to change or extend itself without further reference to
public action, grew by degrees the Citizens' Central Relief Com-
mittee nearly as it is now constituted, with Col. E. C. Gridley Hon.
J. T. Hale having been unable to serve on account of illness as
chairman.
The refugees who were brought in on Porter's train Saturday at
9:20 as well as those brought later by Mr. Vance, were, in the ab-
sence of all organized relief, taken charge of by Mayor Lewis and
the police force. The different hotels and restaurants were thrown
open to them, and they were quartered afterwards wherever quarters
could be found. The ''Wolf Building" was furnished with cots by
the city, and took in as many as it would hold. The Armory in the
Howard Block was thrown open and for the second time made to
do duty as a shelter for fire sufferers. The doors of the Bethel were
of course wide open, as they always are for every emergency, and
many were taken and cared for t>y private citizens.
The next morning the ladies of the Relief Society were called to-
gether by its president, Mrs. Miller, and opened up in one of the
'basement offices in the Lyceum, to which was brought and un-
246
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
M1XNESOTA FOREST FIRES, 247
packed their stock of clothing and wearing apparel, for both male
and femaile, Which that society fortunately had on hand ready for
the coming winter's use. It is due to the Ladies' Relief Society to
say, that owing to their splendid organization they were really the
first in the field, after the city authorities, to- afford systematic re-
lief in the way of wearing apparel for both sexes, old as well as
young. As soon as it becarre known that they (the Relief Society)
had established headquarters, contributions commenced to pour in,
and continued to pour by single garments, by bundles, and by wa-
gon loads, good, bad and indifferent (for the poor were vying with
the rich) in a constant stream, until the poor gentlewomen having
the place in charge were almost buried in the heaps of donations,
and asphixiated by the old-clothes-reek that prevailed. Before the
day was over these quarters were found entirely inadequate to their
needs, and more commodious ones in the new Duluth Trust Com-
pany's Block were donated, into which they moved the following
day. Here the ladies of the Relief Society labored constantly for
weeks, sometimes as many as thirty or forty at a time, in the dis-
tribution of every conceivabk kind of wearing appard, from the
brogani of the laborer to the more complicated head dress of the
ladies; even flowers for the head gear of the most fastidious wer
not thought to be out of place in the distribution of necessities,
and many a good woman went out of tine Ladies' Relief Headquar-
ters rejoicing in a more lovely affair in the shape of a bonnet than
she had probably ever owned before. The splendid work of the
Ladies' Relief Society will be taken up and summarized later on.
Several of the churches entirely suspended or cut short their serv-
ices the Sunday morning following the fire, in order that the mem-
bers might have more time to provide for the refugees already here
as well as those who were known to be coming. The services of
the Pilgrim Congregational Church were by the pastor, Rev. E. M.
Noyes, turned into a business meeting, and the congregation spent
the best portion of the day in arranging and fitting up the commodious
room in the basement for a temporary 'home, and by 5 o'clock
these were so completely provided, that in fact 98 children had been
bathed, fed, clothed and put to bed before 9 o'clock that night. The
First Presbyterian Church did likewise, fitting up its capacious base-
ment for a hospital and dormitory. The St. Paul's Episcopal
Church secured and fitted up the Berkelman Block for the same
purpose, while many other churches or church societies took equally
248 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
prompt action. The Odd Fellows prepared their -hall and other
vacant portions of the building for the reception and care, not only
of the members of their own order, but for all they could accom-
modate. The Hospitals of St. Mary and St. Luke were making
such extra preparations as were needed. The Maternity Hospital
also made extensive preparations for such cases almong the unfor-
tunates as might be brought in meed of the care and protection of
such an institution. All these organizations, churches, societies and
institutions commenced the work of relief independently, either Sun-
day evening or Monday morning, but as soon as the Central Relief
Committee had completed its organization, their operations were
either merged in or conducted under the auspices of the central body.
The Armory and the Bethel were so conducted from the first.
More special mention will be made later on of the labors and the
work accomplished by all these bodies. At present it is enough
to know that the people of Duluth were taking hold of the work
as one being, with a single mind, t'leir only strug-gle being the noble
one, to see who could do the most good.
While these timely measures were being taken at Duluth, the rail-
road people were exerting every 'means at their command to rescue
or relieve the many sufferers, who, it was known or presumed, must
yet be alive in the burned district, from an, unpleasant, untenable,
perhlaps still a dangerous position. Two thoroughly equipped
relief trains pulled out from Duluth at about the same time, at 4
o'clock Sunday afternoon, one on the St. Paul and Duluth in charge
of Hon. O. D. Kinney, the other on the Eastern Minnesota under
General Manager W. C. Farrington.
Besides a complete outfit of medical stores of every kind. Mr.
Kinney had with 'him Doctors Taylor, Bangs, Weston, Specht, Lyn-
ham, and Weir, also the Misses Trussler, Berisford, Maris and Scott,
all trained nurses from St. Luke's Hospital. A number of experi-
enced woodsmen and "packers" also accompanied Mr. Kinney as
well as a number of volunteers. Among these were ex-Mayor
d'Autremont, Hon. E. C. Gridley, C. E. Shannon, Robert Shannon,
Z. H. Austin, Geo. Dinwoodie and Thomas Walsih. As it was well
known that owing to the burned bridges on the Eastern Minnesota
it had been impossible to reach Sandstone with any relief over that
road, it became the object of ambition with our party to penetrate
the timber to that place, and liberate any of the unfortunates who
might yet be alive and hemmed in there. In order to accomplish
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 249
this it was. necessary to take a course from the St. Paul and Duluth
tracks of some six miles through burned, and, to some extent, yet
burning timlber. This was only a trifling matter to our gallant
woodsmen, however, and in return for their labor they had the
immense satisfaction of liberating 247 sufferers from the unpleasant,
not to say dangerous, predicament they were in. All these people
were guided back to the train by our woodsmen, who at the same
time thought it sport to "pack" (carry) out all the little children on
their great broad backs. The train returned to Duluth at 7:25,
Monday morning.
As before stated Mr. Farrington's train left the Eastern Min-
nesota depot at the same time as Mr. Kinney's. He was accom-
panied by Doctors McComb, Salter, Shervvin and Gibson, also Wm.
Burgess, B. G. Segog, John Gordon, M. L. Brooks and some 50
woodsmen. Besides a perfect equipment of everything needful this
train was provided with two teams and wagons and a boat, the
latter to be used as a ferry across Kettle river by the burned bridge,
and the former for the carrying of supplies into Sandstone by any
route that might be found or made. In fact a detour of several
miles, for which a road had to be swamped out, had to be made to
find a crossing; meanwhile supplies were sent into Sandstone by
"packers." Here it was found that Kinney's party had anticipated
them and taken out many people, but in spite of that fact there were
some 50 refugees here yet, most of whom were such as had been un-
able or unwilling to follow that party through the burning timber.
Most of these were in a deplorable condition and suffering from
burns and bruises, exhaustion, terror and the want of food. All
were administered to according to their needs, and taken to the train.
Some 62 victims of the fire were buried here by Farrington's party,
all of whom had perished in the village of Sandstone. The train
arrived in Duluth at I p. m. Monday.
About the time the "Kinney" and "Farrington" trains left Duluth,
i. e. about 4 o'clock Sunday evening, Yardmaster Williams took out
a combined construction and relief train over the St. Paul & Du-
luth under Conductor Wellman. While Wellman and crew worked
all night in repairing damages to tracks and culverts, Williams and
another crew conducted a relief party, picking up refugees to the
number of 29, who were mainly from Finlayson. At I p. m. on
Monday the tracks were so far repaired that Williams wired Duluth
that communication with St. Paul was open and ready for regular
trains. Wellman's train arrived at Duluth at 2:45 p. m. Monday
250
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
CHIEF ARMSTRONG, DULUTH. DETECTIVE THOMAS HAYDEN, DULUTH.
CAPT. S. J. THOMPSON, DULUTH. DETECTIVE R. A. BENSON, DULUTH.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 251
The same day at 10:30 a. m. Hon. C. A. Towne had, at the request
of Mayor Lewis, taken out a fully equipped train for the burned
district. The party consisted of Doctor Magie, Ed Patterson, Fred
Reynolds and others, and the next day W. T. Bailey took out a party
of explorers to scour the woods, but the operations of these parties
were mostly confined to the identification of the dead and the burial
of the victims. Of this work details are furnished that are heart-
rending in the extreme, but as they have been entered into elsewhere
they must be entirely omitted here.
As the extent of the calamity became more widely known and
appreciated, contributions increased, not only at home but from
abroad, not only did the cities in the neighborhood of Duluth and
others in the state send goodly sums: but cities in other states,
Michigan, Illinois, Iowa and Connecticut sent contributions and
one was received from Glasgow, Scotland.
Mr. John D. Rockefeller on hearing of the calamity had caused to
be subscribed $500.00 from the funds of the Mesaba Railroad Com-
pany, but upon an urgent message from Mr. Megins, of the auditing
committee, he withdrew that amount and telegraphed $1,000.00
from his private funds. Mr. A. M. Miller, who never allows an
opportunity to pass without doing something pleasant, telegraphed
from Xew York to Treasurer Chapin as follows:
"First National Bank will pay you $500.00 on my account. This
is authority for same. If Mike Dunn, my old section foreman, at
Hinckley, is among the sufferers, give him and wife $50.00 each,
preference on balance to my old railroad employes if in need. En-
gineer Root knows them."
The banks contributed as high as $250.00 each, and individuals
as much as $100.00, the rest ranging from $1.00 to $50.00. At
the end of the first week (Sept. 6,) the committee w-as able to report
cash received $10,489.79 and subscribed additionally $2,675.00, be-
sides not less than $9,000.00 in commodities of all kinds, not includ-
ing railroad transportation, of which no computation was attempted.
Of all these contributions, magnificent as some of them were, none
was more welcome or more deserving of special mention than the
so-called "News Bovs' Relief." Eighty-one little fellows, a list oi
whose names is preserved and treasured by the Relief Committee,
made up a sum of $18.18 for the fire sufferers in amounts ranging
from $1.00 to three cents, Billie Groosky, the "Newsboys' Mascot,"
contributing the latter amount, which is probably the smallest con-
tribution to the relief fund of anv one individual on record.
252 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
The state relief commission, consisting of C. A. Pillsbury, of Min-
neapolis, Kenneth H. Clarke, of St. Paul, and M. G. Norton, of Wi-
nona, C. H. Graves of this city, and Secretary Hart arrived in Du-
luth on the afternoon "Limited" September 6th, for the purpose of
conferring with the Duluth Relief Committee and for the adoption
of such measures as the gravity of the situation might suggest.
The commission was accompanied by Governor Nelson, Mayor
Eustis, of Minneapolis, and other prominent people. A conference
was held in the evening at the Spalding Hotel, at which Chairman
Gridley and all the heads of committees were present.
By this time the relief work carried on at Duluth had been so
systematized by the able and continuous efforts of Chairman Grid-
ley that its operations took on more the character of a business than
the temporary labors in a contingency. The accounts of the finance
committee had been placed in the hands of an expert accountant
and were in a state of absolute perfection. Mr. Wm. Craig had been
placed at the head of the purchasing and supply committee and had
reduced the important function of buying to first business princi-
ples. A supply depot had been established in connection with the
Ladies' Relief Society and placed in charge of Messrs. H. L. Shep
ard and Frank Burke. The issuing of transportation tickets in
charge of Mr. W. Buchanan was conducted with perfect satisfac-
tion to the recipients as well as the railroad companies. Rev. Bish-
op McGolrick, in charge of lumber and building supplies, was inde-
fatigable in his labors, and accomplished wonders. Messrs. Batche-
lor and Geggie, on the committee on rooms and quarters, Mrs
Bangs on the bureau of information, in fact everyone connected with
the committee was working steadily, enthusiastically and harmon-
iously, and in a manner that could call forth no criticism.
The work accomplished by this committee in its various branches
up to this time (September 6th) was summed up and laid before
the state committee as follows:
The number of persons actually maintained in some way for more
or less time, 1,582. Public quarters established for refugees 12
Private quarters where refugees had been or were yet maintained 17
Total cash and unpaid subscriptions received, $13,103.79.
Value of subscriptions other than cash (estimated), $10,000.00
Number of people at that time under relief committee, 932.
Estimated number remaining in city in need of help, $1,000.
The conference terminated after a very interesting session of
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 253
some two 'hours, and in a manner very satisfactory to the committee,
after which the distinguished party was put into carriages and con-
ducted to the Bethel, Armory, Berkelman Block and other places,
where short addresses were made to the sufferers and words of en-
couragement and the promise of such assistance as the state could
grant, were spoken.
Without going into details the result of the conference was, that
Duluth should continue the temporary relief of such refugees as
were here until they should be able to take care of themselves, or
until means could be provided for them by the state ; that John , G
Howard and X. J. Miller were to act for Duluth under the relief
commission in the rebuilding and furnishing of houses at Hinckley
and Sandstone for such as desired to return to those places. The
state would gradually assume control of the more permanent relief
measures contemplated by the commission, and would at once take
charge of the work of taking depositions upon an established plan
of its own, and some three hundred of these documents descrip-
tive lists of families upon which to base applications or administra-
tions of relief were turned over by the committee on information
to Mr. Hart, the secretary of the commission.
As fast as the people could provide for themselves, or be pro-
vided for permanently, or were sent away, the more temporary ''Har-
bors of Refuge" were given up and the inmates transferred to the
Bethel, the Armory or the Berkelman Block. The 'hospital cases
were of course continued without interruption until the patients
were cured, and, if need there were, provided for otherwise.
Thus the Pilgrim Congregational Church, which stands among
the foremost in energetic preparations for the emergency, was re-
lieved of its dharge by the General Relief Committee on the 7th of
September, up to which time 200 people had 'been clothed, fed and
housed. This society has been alluded to elsewhere tor exceed-
ing promptness in its preparations so that 98 refugee children had
been bathed, fed, and put to bed, in clean> night clothes, before 9
o'clock Sunday evening. A professional nurse was put in charge
of the sleeping apartments, a physician was engaged, and owing to
the foreign parentage of the greater part of the children it was found
necessary to have an interpreter. On Monday so many people,
(their number must have run into thousands,) kept crowding into
the church, some in the hope of finding friends or relatives, others
simply to offer help and assistance that it was found necesary to
254
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 255
station guards outside to keep them out. The expedient was also
hit upon to keep a bulletin board outside with the names thereon
of the families within. These names were, of course, erased as fast,
as the families were taken away or sent to friends, thus avoiding
much confusion. In the rear of the church the large open space
was converted into a play ground for the older children while kin-
dergarten games were provided inside for the little ones.
The First Presbyterian Church was also among the very first to
make excellent preparations for the emergency. The basement of
this elegant edifice being provided with numerous class rooms, a
kitchen, dining room, lavatory, etc., is easily adapted for the pur-
poses of hospital and dormitory, when required. The members
spent all of Sunday afternoon in fitting up this basement with cots,
beds and bedding, clothing, food and medical supplies, in short
with everything needful. The Central Relief Committee were only
too glad to avail themselves of such admirable quarters, and as fast
as refugees arrived whose condition demanded special care and
treatment, they were sent to the Presbyterian Church. While all
the members and their friends contributed with enthusiasm and zeal
to the work, Mrs. Cleland, Mrs. J. D. Day, Mrs, Laitte and Messrs.
Webb and Gorton may be particularly mentioned as leaders in the
work. Airs. Cleland having in her special charge the lavatory,
which was not always agreeable, and the latter had the distribution
of supplies, clothing, groceries, etc. This work was kept up for
something more than a week when the inmates were transferred
to the Bethel. During this time nearly 150 people had been cared
for, one family contributing quite largely to swell this number, con-
sisting as it did of fourteen members, Mr. and Mrs. O'Neil with 12
children.
Miss Erickson, the eighteen year old postmistress of Sandstone,
found refuge here. The brave girl deserves special mention, for
while having lost all her own worldy goods, she had managed to
save the proceeds of the stamp sale of that town to the amount of
some $36.00 in a cigar box. With this box she had fled from the
fire to the river, clutching it in her determined hold while forced to
dive again and again away from the flames. The money was
turned over to the Duluth postmaster and by that official forwarded
to Washington while she was here.
The ladies of the St. Paul's Episcopal Church, though their
edifice would not admit of the care of any sufferers within the build-
256 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
ing itself, were among the foremost to provide quarters and devote
themselves to the great work of relief. A committee consisting- of
Mesdames J. F. McLaren, O. K. Kinney, J. E. Bowers, W. R. Stone,
H. M. Peyton and Dr. Gurd were at an early hour on Sunday ap-
pointed to take active measures. Through the generosity of Mr.
Wm. E. Lucas the Berkelman Block, which happened to be vacant,
was secured and quickly fitted up with beds and other accessories.
The place was opened Monday morning and was intended more to
serve the purpose of a hospital for the care of acute cases of suf-
fering than for general purposes. The great need of accommoda-
tions, however, compelled the admittance of a large number of all
classes, and in eight days a varying number of men, women and
children were comfortably housed, fed and furnished with medical
attendance. The whole number cared for in this time was 86 men,
32 women and 96 children, a total of 214. At the expiration of this
time the Central Relief Committee relieved the ladies and the place
was put in charge of Col. J. B. Geggie, of the Central Relief Com-
mittee.
The Duluth Woman's Home Society made a speciality of caring
for waifs and strays, such as were separated from their families cr
were mourning the loss of near and dear ones. Many pathetic in-
cidents transpired here. Among the rest, one woman with four
little children had been mourning the loss of the husband and father
as dead for several days, when, through the bureau of information of
the central committee he was at last able to locate them. In the
same way a little child, who it was supposed was left entirely alone
in the world, was found by her father, and great was the rejoicing
over her.
The order of Odd Fellows was, it is supposed, instituted more
for the relief of their own members when necessary, than for people
generally. But be this as it may, they certainly did not in this
instance confine themselves to such narrow limits. On Sunday,
the 2nd, some 200 Odd Fellows assembled in their hall on Lake
Avenue, and in a few minutes raised $400.00 for relief purposes. A
committee was appointed consisting of G. W. Goldsmith, chairman
(since deceased), John Douglas, Wm. M. Donaldson, E. L. Sly and
McG. McDonald, secretary. Two of their members were the same
day dispatched to Hinckley and Sandstone to hunt up or ascertain
the fate of their brethren who were known or supposed to be there
at the time. Meanwhile their large hall and some vacant rooms
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 257
in other parts of their building were carefully fitted up for the re-
ception of unfortunates. These quarters were in co-operation with
the Central Relief, in constant use for six weeks and for general
relief purposes, and all this time the ladies of the order known as
the Daughters of Rebecca, administered to the wants of the in-
mates with great good nature and unwavering patience.
St. Luke's Hospital cared for 12 patients in all. In this case it
was not the amount of service for the many, but the great service
to the few that claims our admiration. Erick Elstrom, one of the
cases treated, (see portrait or picture) owes his life probably, cer-
tainly his eyesight and the partial use of his hands, to the skillful
medical treatment of Dr. Chase, and the very careful nursing he re-
ceived. He had suffered from almost criminal neglect elsewhere,
and was considered a hopeless case when first brought to the hos-
pital. One BillaclOj whose life was also despaired of when brought
in, recovered entirely, and his hands, that were in a shocking c< n-
dition, were also saved. This hospital had sent out professional
nurses on one of the early relief trains, as mentioned elsewhere, so
as to be on hand, so to speak, on the very "field of battle."
St. Mary's Hospital cared for 22 "fire patients" in all, among
whom were a number of very interesting cases. Here brave Con-
ductor Sullivan, of the ill-fated St. Paul & Duluth ''Limited/' was
cared for. Sullivan, from the very responsibility of his positi>n,
had probably been able to realize more fully than any others the
unparalleled horror of the situation and his utter helplessness in the
face of it. The strain was too great and his reason gave away. It
seemed to be while in the act of saving, as he thought, a child by throw-
ing it out of a car window that his reasoning powers ceased to act;
at any rate the impression of this action remained firmly stamped
upon his mind until he regained his right senses. In his delirium
while at the hospital, it was pitiable to hear him at times pleading
as it were for the safety of this child. The incident seems to have
taken place at the very moment the train stopped at Skunk Lake,
for the child that figured so vividly in his disordered mind was
picked up and saved.
Another interesting case under treatment here was that of a poor
woman almost in the last stages of, and entirely helpless from,
dropsy, but whose life had been saved by the strength, devotion, and
courage of a daughter, in whose arms she had been carried a consid-
erable distance to a place of safety. Another patient under treat-
258 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
ment in St. Mary's was Father Lawler, the heroic priest, who at the
last extremity, so it could not but seem, had torn his coat into
pieces to serve as shields for others against the flames. The fol-
lowing pathetic and curious incident is related of him.
It seems he was standing among quite a number of people in
some shallow water in which they would crouch as best they could
to escape the sheets of flame as they passed over. During one of
their breathing spells one poor fellow near him asked for confes-
sion. As this was manifestly impossible under the circumstances,
he could not comply, but the incident served to remind him never-
theless of his dudes even here, and the good priest pronounced ab-
solution to all around.
At the Maternity Hospital three children were registered as born
to the fire sufferers. The first a boy, a remarkably fine child (see
picture). He was born on the afternoon of the 2nd to Mrs. James
Crocker, of Finlayson, and was named in compliment to the people
of Duluth ''James Paul Duluth Crocker." Many pretty things were
sent to him, among the rest a silver spoon with his name engraved
thereon. A girl was born shortly afterwards to Mrs. John Turn-
quest, of Hinckley, she was named "Mary Addie Amerit," in hon-
or of the three nurses from St. Luke's who had officiated at her
birth. Mrs. Julia Stewart, of Sandstone, was delivered of a girl
soon after; she was also named after her three St. Luke's nurses,
"Jessie Francis Maud." Many children were bathed and clothed,
and five sick mothers and seven children were cared for until they
were well. A Mrs. John Anderson with three little children stayed
here over the terrible night of the 2nd. She was wild with grief,
thinking her husband lost, while the little ones were calling all
through the night for "papa." The husband had been equally wild
with fears for their safety, when he found them the next day.
When Mayor Lewis was authorized at a public meeting to ap-
point a general committee, Dr. C. C. Salter, pastor of the "Bethe!/"
offered the use of the entire building for the fire refugees, while
the superintendent, Mr. C. F. Robel, set the building in order to re-
ceive refugees, also opened a restaurant to feed the famishing hun-
gry. The good friends of the "Bethel" came to his assistance, send-
ing in cots, clothing, medicines, bandages, etc., for the injured and
destitute. The noble women of the city tendered their services
to administer to the wants of the sufferers, while the Bethel restau-
rant furnished food in abundance, and plenty of milk and suitable
delicacies for babes and children.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 259
The women and children were taken in charge of by Mrs. J. J.
Crowley, of the Ladies' Relief Society, who saw that all received a
bath and clean clothing, and were assigned to their proper places
in the building.
Dr. H. C. Watson, of Beaver Falls, Pa., who was sojourning tem-
porarily on Minnesota Point, volunteered his services, and was
placed in charge of the sick and injured at the Bethel by Supt. C.
F. Robel. Many had received burns, others had almost lost their
eyesight, and all were in a frantic state of excitement; mothers
mourning for the loss of their children, children searching for their
parents.
The large assembly hall, gymnasium, and bowling alley were
speedily transformed into dormitories, and by 9 o'clock p. m. two
hundred men, women and dhildren were resting comfortably on cots
and bedding furnished by the good citizens of Dulutli, while gentle
hands ministered to the sick and injured.
The benevolent face of Dr. Salter loomed up on every hand, giv-
ing aid and comfort to those at the Bethel, hospitals, and all places
he could be of use. On Wednesday, September 5th, he visited the
burnt district and assisted in burying the dead and held religious
services over the bodies of the Sherman and Lowell families and a
large number of unidentified dead.
On Monday, September 3d, nine hundred meals were served in
the restaurant to refugees.
Gospel meetings were held nightly and largely attended by the
refugees and much interest manifested. Services were 1 eld in
Swedish language.
On Friday Sept. 7th, Gov. Nelson, his private secretary, H. H.
Hart, secretary of state board of charities, and Mr. C. A. Pillsbury,
of Minneapolis, visited the refugees at the Bethel, shaking hands
and giving words of encouragement and comfort to those in trouble,
The cloud of gloom that was hanging over the refugees at the
Bethel was somewhat dissipated by a romance at noon, Sept. 4th.
Miss Minnie Samuelson and John de Rosier, from near Hinckley,
were united in the bonds of matrimony by the Rev. Dr. C. C. Sal-
ter. The Samuelson family had bidden their friends to the wed-
ding feast on the fateful Saturday preceding the fire. All was
going on merrily but just before the ceremony was to be performed
the homestead was in ashes and the parties were fighting for their
lives in a root house near by. They owe their lives to the fact that
260
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 261
in this house were a number of pans of milk and with this they kept
the wooden door from burning.
At I o'clock p. m. to the strains of the wedding- march by Mrs.
McKinley, the bride and bridegroom entered the hall of the "Bethel"
and marched up to where the doctor stood, beaming like the incar-
nation of benevolence. They were attended by Airs. J. J. Crowley,
who was escorted by Chief of Police H. T. Armstrong. The ladies
had provided the bride with a light colored dress that suited her to
perfection. In her hand and corsage she wore some beautiful roses
presented by Airs. Judge Stearns. On her head was a wreath of
orange flowers surmounted by a lace veil presented by Airs. Humes,
while others had sent and brought fruits, and flowers, and dainties
wherewith to set forth the wedding feast Dr. Salter read the wed-
ding service, gallantly congratulating the bride. After the ceremony,
the Samuebon family sat down in several detachments and the simple
festivities were prolonged far into the afternoon. Airs. Dr. Wat-
son took up a collection for the bride among Bethel friends, and
a nice little sum was contributed and presented to her by C. F.
Robel.
Of nationalities, Norwegians predominated; Swedish next, but
few Americans, and only two German families were represented. I
found the refugees to be rather above the average in intelligence
and moral tone, well behaved and sympathetic. Saw no one intox-
icated during their stay at the Bethel.
After the first week many of the places where refugees were pro-
vided for were closed, and those remaining were sent to the Bethel,
so that this institution was the last to close, which was on Sept. 26fh.
During this time from Sept 2nd to 26th, three hundred and sixty
people had been taken care of, clothed and fed.
The most important rendezvous for the fire sufferers and really
the headquarters of the Central Relief Committee's operations, was
the Armory in the Howard Block on Alichigan street. As before
mentioned this was the second time the drill room of Company "C,"
was called upon to serve the purpose of refuge for fire sufferers,
the first occasion being the Virginia fire on the Iron Range. In
this connection it may not be out of place to mention that the patri-
otic members of Company "C," Third Infantry, not content with
turning their headquarters into an asylum for the needy, volun-
teered their services to the mayor in a body to assist the fire suf-
ferers in any capacity he might see fit. That these services were
262 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
not called upon seems strange, as they might for the first few days,
at least, have rendered very effective assistance.
A. C. .Batchelor and Col. Geggie secured the use of the Armor)- on
Sunday noon (Sept. 2nd) and in spite of the fact of 'business houses
being closed on that day, by 6 o'clock 265 refugees had been fur-
nished with a substantial meal, and as many as desired with blankets
and mattresses to sleep on. The kitchen of the Armory supplied
not only meals for its own inmates, but for those of the Berkelman
Block also. Besides this, it was the outfitting point for the various
relief expeditions on the 3d, 4th, and 5th. This depot was in ac-
tive charge of Col. J. B. Geggie, until it closed on the first day of
November.
It is impossible to know just Ihow many refugees were entertained
here, but it is certain that as many as 1,505 people had been guests
for more or less time at this place and at the Berkelman Block to-
gether. The greatest number of meals supplied in any one day was
455, and total number of meals furnished while open, 17,912.
In closing this account of the relief work at Duluth, it must be
stated that great embarrassment has been experienced mainly on ac-
count of the .short time allowed in which to gather and collate the
materials from a chaotic mass of matter. The greatest difficulty has
been from a want of anything like a correct knowledge of the names
connected with the most interesting experiences, particularly has
this been the case with the more subordinate class of railroad men,,
the so-called "railroad crews." In the most interesting events
mentioned in this narrative, these men were heroes, every one ol
them, and their names would have been gladly displayed witfli Root's,
Barry's or Best's, with those of Powers, Sullivan, McGowan or Blair
if we could only have had them. As it is they must perforce be con-
tent to shine by the reflected light of their superiors.
The same may be said of the active relief work at Duluth. Where
a whole community turns out as if with a single purpose, it is mani-
festly impossible to name them all, hence, many good and great
workers are thus necessarily left out of the prominence in these de-
tails that by right belongs to them. In justice to the compilers, how
ever, it may be mentioned that some names have been left out a-
the expressed wish of their owners. And then it must be remem
bered too, that the compilers of this narrative have made it a poinr
to call attention to deeds only upon the principle that when deedi
are praiseworthy they praise themselvp=
JflXNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 263
When it comes to the work of Duluth as a whole, however, it is
thought that the citizens generally may be held pardonable for the
enjoyment of some pride.
The financial statement given above, though quite a remarkable
exhibit in itself, does not represent the full value of the relief work
d-one by the people of Duluth.
To say nothing of valuable time taken from business, or other pur-
suits and freely offered, for instance, Chairman Gridley must have
devoted the best business part of three months to the work of his
committee; no account has, properly enough, been made in this
statement, of the tons of clothing, wearing apparel and other sup-
plies contributed by our citizens and distributed by the Ladies' Relief
Society and at the "Armory," nor have the magnificent donations of
lumber through Bishop McGolrick been mentioned. The great sup-
plies of beef, of groceries, of fuel, of telegraph, telephone and gas and
water service, of carriage and drayage, the free use of rooms and
quarters, all so liberally donated by our citizens, could not, of
course, be included in this statement,, but these things all represent a
cash value and should be taken into account in a general summary.
Another item which is necessarily left out is the greatest of all, viz.,
railroad transportation. The compilers will not attempt a computa-
tion of this great donation in dollars and cents, in one sense it can-
not be so considered. The opinion is ventured, however, that were
all these tilings taken into account, the Duluth Relief Fund tor the
fire sufferers would reach a sum nearer $40,000 than $20,000. Then,
if the estimate that has been made is correct, viz., that 2,000 people
from the burned district have received more or less relief from Du-
luth, it follows that an average value in money of $20 per capita has
been the cost of the outlay.
All this, when, considering the great stringency of money matters
and the commercial depression of the times, certainly shows that a
genuine spirit of self-sacrifice is always ready whenever the well-
springs of the human heart are deeply touched.
264
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
COL. GRAVES, DULUTH.
ST. CLOUD.
CT. CLOUD is one of the places in Minnesota where light and
sweetness are said to dwell. It is the seat of a bishop of the Ro-
man Catholic church, has a great normal school, daily newspaper, and
a reformatory. It is in direct line with the area devastated by the
great fire. From St. Cloud every day trains start to Hinckley, and
every clay trains come from Hinckley to St. Cloud. A large number
of men who work for the Great Northern Railway Company live in
this city, and amongst them, officials of the road. All this kept the
people informed of fires which were burning for a long time before
the fatal day, when so much damage was done and so many lives
were destroyed. News had come that there were fires burning in the
woods, and the season being so hot, the danger of their spreading
had been talked about.
St. Cloud had had experience of ruin caused by a cyclone of wind
years before, which took place at Sauk Rapids; now it was to see
what a veritable cyclone of fire could do. When the hour came, the
people of St. Cloud proved to be equal to the opportunity, and with
a zeal which only needs to be known to excite admiration, the
willing, wise and sympathetic help given was indeed as a hand of
mercy in a time of dire need. The committee went about their work
in a business-like way; they sent a competent man to look over the
wants of those who were in need, drew up a set of questions, which
left nothing to be desired; each and all who had to do with the
work did their best. The people of Brook Park ; the sufferers in and
around Milaca, owe to the mayor of St. Cloud, Mr. D. W. Bruckart,
to Mr. Alvah Eastman, to Alderman De Leo, and the other members
of the committee, a deep debt of gratitude. And credit must be
given to the working men who were sent out from St. Cloud to
the fire district. The report shows in part what was done, and how;
the whole it cannot tell, because words cannot show all that love
can do. Mr. Ponsonby, assistant superintendent on the Great North-
ern, had a telegraphic apparatus along the line. He tapped the
266 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
wires as the work of reconstruction proceeded. This telegraphic
office in the burnt districts was a blessing, made doubly so by the
ever ready kindness of the genial superintendent, who would send any
message, free of course, and with such a sweet manner as to endear
its memory to many whose griefs were lessened by such consideration.
EXPRESS ME3SEXQER JOHX SAXDERLUTS.
You have requested me to write of my experience and whatever
else I know of the Hinckley fire. I will enclose a few photographs
which may be of use to you in your book, and also give you all the
information I have relating to the fire. I am an express messenger
for the Great Northern Express Company, on the St. Cloud and
Hinckley branch of the Great Northern Railway line. On the first
day of September, 1894, accommodation train No. 45 left St. Cloud
for Hinckley with her crew, viz.: E. E. Parr, conductor, William
Yogel, engineer, Joseph Laricher, fireman, John Delaney, B. S. Car-
rier and M. J. Whalen, brakemen, and myself, making seven in all
the crew. It was a beautiful clear day, but very warm in the fore-
noon, and the boys were congratulating themselves on a light day's
work.
The trip was uneventful in the forenoon until we reached the vicin-
ity of Brook Park, where we noticed it was very smoky; in fact, it
was so bad that the engineer had to slacken speed, and we had to
close the doors of the car. We arrived in Hinckley about 2 o'clock
p. m., about two hours late. The smoke there was now very op-
pressive and the boys finished their switching as quickly as pos'sible.
There was a small fire blazing back of the Great Northern round
house, which Agent George Surgeon was fighting with a crew of men.
There were no loads in Hinckley for our train, so the engine was
coupled to the baggage car and coach, and the air-brake adjusted.
We were all feeling good at the idea of having a fast ride through the
smoke, our train being very light. When all was ready the con-
ductor called, "Get out of town!" and away we went, little dreaming
of the terrible danger we were running into.
About one mile out of Hinckley, we noticed a small fire burning
in the timber at the side of the track, then all of a sudden everything
was ablaze, as gas ignites when it is brought in contact with fire.
The very air seemed to be burning. The train thundered through
this about three miles, when it stopped. The engineer saw that the
Mission Creek bridge was almost destroyed, but the rails were still
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 267
straight, and the plucky engineer pulled the Fnrottle open and started
again. We were taking terrible chances, but we got over the bridge
all right, although it was much sagged, when we went over it, and we
thought \ve would go through it, but we were not destined to stop
here. On we went, tumbling and rolling, striking dead trees and
crooked rails, until at last the engine, striking a crooked rail, plunged
into the ditch, taking the baggage car with it, leaving the coach on
the dump.
We were now in a desperate condition, expecting the Eastern Min-
nesota passenger train to crash into us, as we could not flag it be-
cause the flames were so bad that it would have been sure death then
to venture outside the coach for one minute. We did not know
how great the fire was. When the train first ditched, the conductor
and myself were in the baggage car, the three brakemen being in the
coach with the passengers, a Mr. Kingsley, an advance agent for the
Wells Theater Company, and an old man named Carver, living at
Brook Park, whither he was then bound.
When the train ditched, we got a very bad shaking up, as well in
body as in mind, and I turned toward the conductor and said, "I
guess we are done for now!" "I guess so," said Ed, quietly. Then
I asked him what we would better do to save ourselves, and he said
that it would be better to dig a hole in the ground and get into it,
which was much easier said than done, as we found out later on. But
I got a couple of shovels, and handing him one of them, we started
to go out, but no sooner had we opened the door than we were
overwhelmed by flames and hot air rushing into the car, and we had
to give up this idea entirely. The conductor then started for the
coach, which he reached in safety, and I started after as quick as I
could. We both burned our hands and faces badly.
The wind was now blowing a hurricane and the flames were shoot-
ing in through every crack and crevice on the coach around the
windows and doors. The cushions of the coach then caught fire,
and we had to throw them out to keep the fire from spreading. The
flames were getting much \vorse and we gave up all hopes of getting
out of there alive. We all laid on the floor to avoid, as much as
possible, the heat that came from the windows, and were trying to
settle our accounts with our Maker while we had time. But fortune
favored us again, when brakeman Whalen thought of the water in the
engine tank, and called for volunteers to help him save the coaches
which were on fire underneath. Of course everybody was glad to
268
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MAYOR BRUCKHART.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 269
do what they could to save themselves, so we got a couple of pails
and started at it in a novel but safe way, two going out at a time
and throwing a pail or two of water on the fire, then struggling in
again, when two more would take their places. After an hour's hard
fight, we at last got control of the fire under the cars.
While this hard fight for life was going on, the conductor went to
see if the engineer and fireman were alive. He found that they
were both alive, lying on the deck of the engine with the water of
the tank turned on them.
I wish to give William Vogel all the credit possible, he being a
young engineer and running right into the fire to avoid the east-
bound passenger train, which would have brought certain destruction,
not only to his crew, but the crew of the other passenger train
which was expected right behind him. This was a brave and noble
deed,
After we had the fire under control, we noticed two men coming
down the track, one partially carrying the other. When they came
up to the car, we learned that they were Thomas Gorman and his
son, section men of the Great Northern Railway. The boy had
dragged his father almost a mile through the dense smoke and falling
cinders to the train which they expected to be ditched, having been
under bridge Eighty-four when we passed over it. The boy after
saving the bridge, took his father to the wrecked train and then
started right back to see if the rest of the family were all right, a
deed which not one in a thousand would have done under the cir-
cumstances.
About 5 o'clock that evening, after the fire had subsided a little,
we all started for Brook Park, except Mr. Gorman, who could not
walk, to find shelter and supper. But on arriving there, we were not
only disappointed, but horrified to find the town in ashes, as well as
many of the citizens burned to death. Such a scene I hope none of
the readers of your book will have to gaze upon.
In a little pool, about twenty-five feet square, we found twenty-
three people, men, women and children. They were in a terrible con-
dition, with not sufficient life left in them to get out of it. Their
suffering must have been awful, as they were surrounded by fire on
all sides. The railroad bridge above them was burning, and the burn-
ing timbers fell in amongst them. It seems almost a miracle that
they escaped death. Even the clothes were burned off their backs.
Besides this bridge burning near them, the pool was surrounded by
270 MINNESOTA FOREST PIPES.
a saw mill, log camp and section house, and an old dam close by.
These were burning intensely on every side and imagine the situa-
tion ; even the fishes in the pool died from the effects of the heat.
Besides all their physical tortures, these people in the pool were
constantly on the watch for our train, which they expected every
moment to rush in and destroy, not only them, but our crew also.
Happily events turned out differently.
Conductor Parr, seeing the terrible plight these people were in, for-
got his own troubles and got them out of the pool, bringing jhein
to our train where they stayed over night, having reached there
about 7 o'clock. We made them as comfortable as possible under
the circumstances; nevertheless this night will never be forgotten
by me or any one there.
The cries of the children, and the moans and groans of the men
and women, were something terrible; pen cannot describe it. The
smoke and air were suffocating in the extreme and the heat terrible.
We placed wet clothes over their faces and in their mouths every
five minutes.
That night seemed an age to me, as I could not sleep. About 5
o'clock the day dawned, and the engineer, fireman, conductor,' pas-
senger Kingsley and myself started to walk to Hinckley, leaving the
three brakemen asleep, and the rest of the people in the coach. The
smoke was still suffocating, and we had to fill our mouths with waste
which we had to dip in a pail of water. The first thing we found on
arriving at Hinckley, was about one hundred and fifty cars of wheat
burning, which gave out such a heat that we had to avoid it, by at
least two blocks to the south. The Great Northern round house, coal
shed and water tank were the only building left in Hinckley. We
found some bread and crackers which we ate greedily, being very
hungry.
The only living thing we saw from the round house, was a man
leading a cow along the railway track toward Pine City. After ask-
ing him, he gave Conductor Parr permission to milk the cow, which
he did, and sent the milk in one of the pails with the crackers and
bread, we had found at the round house, to the sufferers on the
track. You most probably know that we saw at Hinckley nothing
but death and destruction on every side.
We then took a relief train on the St. Paul & Duluth Railroad,
which happened along just then, and were taken to Pine City, where
we were well fed and cared for by the kind people of that town.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 271
On our arrival at Pine City, we at once sent relief to Brook Park
and the sufferers on our train. That afternoon we went to St. Paul,
and from there home to St. Cloud, thanking God that we were
alive and on earth. We must not forget to mention Peter Clarity,
assistant road master, who worked a crew of men at Brook Park,
fixing up the track, for almost a month, enduring many hardships.
We might mention M. E. Cantillon as being instrumental in saving
many lives and considerable property, as he ran a water train be-
tween Milaca and Mora, and carried many people from the scene
of fire to a place of safety, and also fought fire along the line for
about three weeks after the Hinckley holocaust.
It is very hard for me to write stories as they ought to be written,
and especially about this Hinckley fire, which ordinary words cannot
express, so please put this information in your own words, and if
you wish to learn anything more and I can help you, I will gladly
do so.
BELIEF WORK.
The people of St. Cloud deserve very great credit for the part they
took in relief work. Being on the Great Northern Railroad they had
easy access to all the places between their city' and Hinckley. From
the time the first news of the fire reached them, to the close of their
work, the interest in the sufferers never failed, and all their work
was done in a way which calls for high praise. The official report
to the state committee is to be seen in the state report. The mayor
of St. Cloud, D. W. Bruckart; Mr. Alvah Eastman and Alderman
DeLeo, as well as other members of the committee, worked with an
enthusiasm and a thoroughness which left nothing to be desired.
It was Saturday afternoon, September first, when news came to St.
Cloud that the villages of Foreston and Milaca, on the St. Cloud and
Hinckley branch of the Great Northern Road, were in danger of
destruction by fire. Immediately a train, consisting principally of
water cars, was sent to their relief, with Division Superintendent Pon-
sonby in charge. The train proceeded as far as Foreston, where the
railroad bridge was found to be on fire. This was saved after a hard
fight, but it was found impracticable to proceed further.
Leaving a part of the crew to protect the bridge from fires, which
were still burning near, the train returned to St. Cloud for reinforce-
ments, and soon another train was sent out, containing a number
of bridge builders to replace the bridges known to have been burned.
On Saturday, this train succeeded in getting as far as Brook Park,
272
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
JOHN F. BRADFORD.
ALVAH EASTMAN.
^^^j^^ 1
JOHN CHOATES.
H. J. ANDERSON.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 273
and there for the first time learned of the fearful terrors of the fires.
The train men did heroic work and brought the Brook Park suffer-
ers to Mora, where an improvised hospital had been made of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, and they were given the best care
possible.
The village of Milaca had been saved by hard work, but the farm-
ers surrounding it met with severe losses, many of their homes being
destroyed, as \vell as their year's work, consisting of logs and ties
and all their crops.
All Sunday the people of St. Cloud were vainly endeavoring to
learn the extent of the fire. Efforts were made to reach Milaca and
other places nearest the fire, but without avail, because the telegraph,
poles and wires were burned down. St. Paul was tried, nothing
definite was learned except that a relief train was being sent out.
Vague rumors were received of the destruction of Hinckley, with
great loss of life. It was generally believed that so great a holocaust
was impossible. The reality, however, was much worse than the
first reports. Enough had been learned to warrant prompt action
for measures of relief.
Mayor Bruckart, Sunday afternoon, called a meeting of citizens at
the Grand Central Hotel, which was largely attended. It was then
decided to send a special train to Brook Park as soon as possible.
At 7:30 the next morning, Monday, a special meeting of the city
council was held, and committees appointed to purchase food, cots
and clothing; it was also decided to send physicians and trained
nurses. At 12:45, tne tram pulled out on its errand of mercy. On
board were Aldermen Anderson, Atwood, DeLeo, Donohue, Thurs-
dale, and Stewart, City Clerk James A. Martin, Street Commissioner
Lorenser with a crew of men, Dr. Junk and Dr. Boehm and two
nurses. The mayor distributed all over the city, by his policemen,
the following appeal, which also appeared in the evening papers:
MAYOR'S OFFICE, ST. CLOUD, MINN., Sept. 3, 1894.
There is much suffering, the result of forest fires that have lately
swept over the country round about Hinckley. We this day sent
a car load of provisions to Brook Park. They need clothing and
bedding. We will send teams to your doors at about 5 o'clock this
afternoon to receive such contributions as you feel able to make.
Have them read}-. D.' W. BRUCKART,
The people of St. Cloud responded generously, and Tuesday morn-
274 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
ing another car load of food and clothing was sent to the afflicted
people at Brook Park. The following day, Wednesday, Septem-
ber fifth, the city council held another special meeting and decided
to appoint a relief committee to receive contributions and take charge
of the work of relief on behalf of the citizens of St. Cloud. Aldermen
H. J. Anderson, John DeLeo, J. F. Bradford, and Messrs. John
Coats and Alvah Eastman were appointed such committee. That
same evening these gentlemen met and organized, with Alderman
Anderson as chairman, and Alvah Eastman secretary. The follow-
ing appeal was then issued.
The undersigned committee has been designated by the common
council to take charge of all matters pertaining to collecting and dis-
tributing money, provisions and other property to the unfortunate
people who suffered severe losses in the recent forest fires between
Bridgman and Hinckley, and particularly at Pokegama. There are
twenty-seven families at the latter place, comprising 117 souls, who
have lost everything but their lives, none of them having saved
sufficient clothing to afford necessary protection against the ele-
ments. At this writing twenty-five of their neighbors and friends
have been found charred corpses, and a few are yet missing. A num-
ber of families, estimated at about twenty, who resided in the vicinity
of Bridgman and Milaca, have lost their homes and are in need of
assistance. This committee will co-operate with similar committees
from St. Paul, Minneapolis and Duluth with a view to doing the
greatest possible amount of good with the money and other con-
tributions placed at the disposal of the committee.
Cash contributions can be handed to any member of the committee,
and a complete list will be published daily. Clothing, bedding, house-
hold goods and provisions will be received daily at the McCormick
warehouse, or will be called for, if request is made to a member of
this committee or at the office of John Coates.
We trust that this community will respond with such liberality
as will show that it has not forgotten the generous aid extended
to it, at the time of the cyclone of 1886.
H. J. ANDERSEN, Chairman.
J. F. BRADFORD,
JOHN DE LEO,
JOHN COATES,
ALVAH EASTMAN, Secretary."
From that moment everything moved as by clockwork. The care
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 275
of the fire sufferers in Milaca and vicinity was given into the hands
of the St. Cloud committee exclusively, by the state committee, and
the work was set about in a way which would ensure two things
at once, full knowledge of the losses and needs of the sufferers, and
an adequate amount of relief. The following form prepared by the
committees will s'how how the whole purpose was covered. It may
be safely said that those who were most interested, people burned
out of their homes, the persons who subscribed the funds, and the
state committee, were all satisfied with the result. That the St.
Cloud people might see how complete was the destruction in the
burned district, the committee arranged an excursion, and the
money made was given to the fire sufferers, as will be seen from
the list of subscriptions in cash, here printed. In addition to this
there were large gifts of all kinds of food, clothing and goods.
SUBSCRIPTIONS AND EXCURSIONS RECEIPTS.
Proceeds from the Hinckley excursion, $457.28; employes of
Great Northern shops, $155.25; Foley Bros., $100; George Tileston,
$50; First National Bank, $50; students and teachers of State Nor-
mal School, St. Cloud, $31.50; A. Barto, $25; Knights of Pythias
Lodge, $25 ; Merchants' National Bank, $25 ; pupils of the Immacu-
late Conception school, $22.50; the City School teachers, $21.75; tf 16
pupils of the Pro-Cathedral school, $20.26; Catholic Order of Fores-
ters, $15; Sisters of the Order of St. Benedict, St. Joseph, Minn., $15;
citizens of Maine Prairie, $13.07; St. Stephen's Ladies' Aid Society,
of New Paynesville, $10; J. W. Metzroth, $10; Mathias Weirens,
$10; Journal-Press Company, $10; Daily Times, $10; John M.
Schwartz, cashier, $10; Henry Munsinger, $10^ C. F. Powell, $10;
W. B. Mitchell, $10; James F. Bradford, $10; M. Majerous, $10;
Royal Arcanum Lodge, $10; Mrs. Catharine Eiche, $5; John G.
Mihemitch, $5; Jesse A. Chase, $5; a "Friend." Racine, Wis., $5;
A. D. Deane, $4; Earl C. Scott, $2; cash donation, $i; Mrs. J. B.
Getchell, $i.
276
M[NNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
H. H. HART, SECRETARY STATE COMMISSION.
MORA.
\ /[ ORA is the town nearest Quamba, where the fire that destroyed
Brook Park started, and was itself in fear of being burned.
The people here knew many of the dead; had had business with
them, and so there was a oneness of interest and of feeling. Be-
ing settlers in a comparatively new country, they knew just how to
commiserate the afflictions of those who had lost their homes and
friends, and they proved their knowledge by their deeds. The peo-
ple of Brook Park have a warm place in their hearts for the men
and women of Mora.
What the "Times" says:
"What a transformation ! What desolation can be wrought in the
short space of a day. WTiat a devilish incarnate fiend a fire can be
when driven forward by a tornado. Last Saturday was a dreadful
day in the history of Minnesota. The lively, hustling town of Hinck-
ley, containing upwards of twelve hundred souls, w r as completely
wiped off the face of the earth, and six hundred of her people per-
ished by smoke and flames. Their charred and ghastly remains strewn
on the streets, by the door-ways, in the pools and along the railroad
tracks, told a tale of suffering that brought tears from the stoutest
hearted and grief to many a family. Many of the survivors of that
holocaust are maimed for life ;.nd will carry scars to their graves.
Whole families perished. Some families were partly destroyed and
mothers and fathers were crazed with grief for the loss of their
children, while many children were orphaned.
Hinckley was an industry within itself, kept up mainly by the
big saw mill owned by the Brennan Lumber Company. That, to-
gether with the railroad business, kept a good many people employed,
but the million dollars' w 7 orth of property has disappeared.
The fires came from the southeast and with such a sudden, fierce
velocity that the citizens were completely terrified. It struck the
town about 2:30 p. m., when the Eastern Minnesota train, with Con-
ductor Powers, was just ready to pull out. The citizens massed on
278 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
to his train and implored him to save them. He coupled on some
box cars and pulled out nearly five hundred souls to Duluth. The
St. Paul & Duluth limited, which dashed into the flames pulled out a
large number to Skunk Lake. Arriving there, the train was aban-
doned to the fire, and the passengers, who were not too much ex-
hausted, managed to save themselves by getting into the lake.
Those left at Hinckley were driven into a pond at the gravel pit
and the river near by, where some survived, while others were
tramped to death by cattle, horses and other animals. When the
fire had spent its force, some of those who were able struck out for
Pine City for relief, which came on the next morning and took the
survivors to Pine City.
The first news of the terrible disaster was brought to Mora by
Anton Smith from Pine City. His report seemed almost incredible,
but later reports increased the calamity ten-fold. Mora was cut off
from communication with Hinckley, the bridges and a great extent
of railroad track and the telegraph wires had been consumed, hence
it was impossible to get any early information over that line.
Ole Nelson, section foreman, with his crew, started promptly for
Brook Park, and arrived there early Sunday morning. When they
got to the station they found everything in ashes, and about sixty
people homeless, many of them suffering with blistered hands and
feet, and surrounded by smoke. They were undoubtedly the first
persons on the scene after the disaster. They divided their dinners
among the sufferers, who had been without anything to eat from
the previous day, and then returned to Mora, bringing with them
on the hand car Joseph Gonyea, William Thompson, and Frank Lit-
tengarver. Joseph Gonyea, who was badly burned about the hands
and feet, was placed in the town hall and well cared for until the
church could be got ready. William Thompson and Frank Lit-
tengarver, being uninjured, were sent to Minneapolis at their own re-
quest, their fares being paid by the Mora relief committee.
A relief party was made up immediately and dispatched with pro-
visions, two hand cars and a push car, to the scene of disaster. Dr.
Cowan preceded them on a velocipede with medicine and bandages
for the sufferers. Right behind them came the work train from St.
Cloud, which proceeded as far as it could, and that night the families
of Wright, Kelsey, Hans Nelson and Mrs. Fream and children were
brought in, the others remaining there to be attended on the mor-
row.
MIXXESOTA FOREST FIRES. 279
The church was thrown open by the Rev. Thompson as a hospital.
Bedding, blankets and clothing were contributed by our citizens, also
provisions; and the ladies of the town were out en masse to render
all the assistance in their power to the sufferers.
Monday morning the village council convened and took action.
A relief committee was appointed and fifty dollars was appropriated
from the treasury to meet the immediate needs. The committee ap-
pointed were: Rev. J. Thompson, T. B. Vickery and Andrew Lar-
son.
Mayor Smith, of St. Paul, was notified of the calamity, and aid
solicited for the sufferers. A relief train came on from St. Cloud on
Monday afternoon, loaded with everything necessary to make the
people comfortable, and lumber to make coffins for the dead, and to
construct houses for the survivors. Dr. Boehm, of St. Cloud, and
Rev. Barnes, of Milaca, came with the train ; also two trained nurses.
Dr. Kelsey's family were brought to Mora, and with the family of
Wright Kelsey, went to St. Paul.
Aid was offered the Russian sufferers at Brook Park, thirty-two
in number; but they objected to remaining longer in that place, and
through the intercession of Rev. Thompson, were permitted to pro-
ceed to Mora, thence to St. Paul, to which place the Great Northern
transported them free of charge.
THE VICTIMS OF BROOK PARK.
The following is a list of the dead found up to date:
Thomas Raymond, wife, and three children.
Charles Anderson, wife, and three children, and Mrs. Anderson's
brother and sister.
Fred Molander, w r ife, and three children, and Miss Olson, sister
of Mrs. Molander.
Oscar Larson and sister.
David Goodsell, Charles Whitney, James Barnes, and J. Brennan.
Eleven of these bodies were found on Tuesday in a tamarack
swamp by the searching party, and were supposed to be Mrs. Ander-
son and her three children, her brother and sister, T. Raymond, wife
and three children. The Molander family was found close by their
home burned to cinders. J. Breman's body was identified by a new
pair of boots. Mr. Barnes, who perished, belonged to St. Paul, to
which place his remains were carried on Tuesday, accompanied by his
sister, who had come to take charge of them.
280
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
BISHOP WHIPPLE, D. D., L. L. D.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 281
The injured are: Dr. Kelsey, hands and eyes burned; Joseph
Gonyea, hands and feet burned; Wright Kelsey, bltnded by the
smoke; two Rosenberger children, burned feet and eyes, and many
others blinded by heat and smoke.
Among those in the relief party from St. Cloud was Dr. J. C.
Boehm. Rev. Thompson is authority for the statement that no one
could watch the doctor as he moved among the sick and wounded,
without being impressed with the fact that he was in deep sympathy
with the afflicted, and that he was a skillful, experienced physician.
The burial of the dead who are interred as fast as found, is in charge
of Rev. William Wilkinson, of Minneapolis.
The Fream family's escape was almost miraculous. They were out
picking berries, and the fire coming on them suddenly, sought shelter
in a ditch, where they found water sufficient to wet cloths and hold to
their mouths while lying flat on the ground, and the fire passed over
them without doing any serious injury.
Some sought refuge in wells, and others went into the Pokegama
creek, where they were saved by diving and splashing water on them-
selves. To give all the incidents connected with this awful calamity
is not within our ability, time or space. The tales of suffering and
escape will be told by the survivors for years to come.
Messrs. Kelsey & Markham and all the others are loud in their
praises of the citizens of Mora for the deep interest manifested for
the victims of Brook Park; while Rev. Thompson for his genuine
sympathy and untiring work in the relief of the sufferers, has been
praised on all sides. He is doing heroic service and has a true con-
ception of his noble profession.
The thanks of the sufferers are also extended to all the good peo-
ple of the surrounding cities, who have heartily responded with a
practical sympathy that should come in a time like this. The relief
committee extend special thanks, to the following gentlemen for
cash subscriptions so far:
Hon. R. C. Dunn, Princeton $25.00
Mattson & Blakely, Lawrence 10.00
Clarence Vinton, Lawrence 4.00
Joseph Carter, Lawrence i.oo
- V
Brook Park (Pokegama Station) was a new town, not much over
a year old. There had already been erected a saw mill which had on
hand three hundred thousand feet of lumber, a hotel, a store, post
282 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
office, and a handsome two-story school house, besides some family
dwellings; and the country was being developed by a hard working
class of citizens. This property with the homes of twenty-five farm-
ers, twenty head of horses, thirty head of cattle and five hundred tons
of hay, was totally destroyed and not one cent of insurance on any
of it.
The Great Northern Railroad Company's loss is extensive. Al-
most every bridge from Mud Creek to the other side of Kettle River
was destroyed. The ties for a long distance between Brook Park
and Hinckley will have to be replaced by new ones, and many miles
of rail will have to be replaced.
Besides the destruction of Hinckley and Brook Park, were the
towns of Sandstone and Mission Creek; Milaca was scorched, and
about twenty-five settlers in that vicinity rendered homeless. The
relief train sent from Princeton to Mora in charge of Hon. R. C.
Dunn and C. T. Johnson was crdered back to Milaca to feed and
clothe the sufferers, it having been found that it was most needed
there.
The work of reconstruction is going ahead at a rapid rate. The
Great Northern has a work train at the front, with upwards of one
hundred men, and timbers, ties and rails are being put in place as
fast as the men can handle them. Assistant Superintendent Ponson-
by has charge of the reconstruction. Kelsey & Markham made the
statement that Brook Park will be rebuilt, as it is backed up by large
wealth and too much has already been invested there to be deserted
by any calamity.
The family of John Currie and Dr. E. L. Stephan were carried
out to Duluth on the Eastern Minnesota train. They have since re-
turned to Pine City, where Mrs. Currie lies in a critical condition at
the home of A. Pennington. They lost everything they 'had except-
ing a cow, which for some reason passed through the fire without
much harm.
Dr. Cowan was a heavy loser. He lost his library, surgical instru-
ments, office fixtures, clothing, a large interest in the Currie drug
store, and his residence.
Angus Hay's newspaper plant, the Enterprise, was wiped out.
The Enterprise will be missed by a host of readers, and particularly
by its exchanges. Mr. Hay had a narrow escape from death.
Hans Nelson, the section foreman at Book Park, lost, besides his
other property, one hundred and seventy-five dollars in money which
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 283
he had in a trunk. He tried to save the trunk, but had to drop it
to save his life.
George \V. Marchant and Mr. Geesaman, members of the state
relief committee, are here today looking after the needs of the
sufferers.
Among the victims of the late fire at Hinckley were the two
daughters of Swan P. Hanson, of Rice Lake, and Maggie Xyberg,
of Brunswick.
P. R. Gray returned home from his trip to Sandstone last Saturday,
accompanied by Carl Staples and family, who were losers in the
Sandstone fire. The family was well provided with clothing by the
Mora relief committee.
^ Eric Ericson, one of the heaviest farmers in the town of Comfort,
lost his house and barn and eighty tons of hay by forest fires on
Wednesday. His lost is estimated about thirty thousand five hun-
dred drlla.-s. He carried an insurance of about two thousand dollars.
Comfort is a town only a few miles from Mora.
Joseph Genyea, one of the Brook Park sufferers, was taken to St.
Cloul by Rev. Thompson last Friday and placed in St. Raphael's
hospital.
John Currie, one of the recent sufferers at Hinckley, brought his
fannh to Mora last Saturday. Mr. Currie said he and Dr. Cowan
had an insurance of eighteen hundred dollars on their property. He
still retains faith in a bright future for Hinckley, and will rebuild
there at once.
In our review of the Hinckley and Brook Park fires last week,
we overlooked our local physician, Dr. J. A. Lewis. The doctor did
noble service in relieving the sufferings of the injured ones, and in
fact did about all that was done in that line for them, for which he
deserves great credit
Last Sunday afternoon, September ninth, was an exciting time in
Mora. The wind blew a gale from the southwest and the whole
country seemed to be on fire. Many of the citizens went onto the
island in Lake Mora, while others were prepared to leave for a place
of safety at any moment. The wind changed to the northwest about
4 o'clock and sent the smoke scudding in another direction, and all
signs of danger disappeared. There were no fires within six miles
of Mora. The fires were bad at Ground House and in the town of
Hillman, and the women and children were all brought up to Mora.
Rut up to the present writing (Thursday) we have heard of but two
284
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
REV. FATHER BEJEC, PINE CITY.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 285
houses having burned from forest fires in the entire country adja-
cent. Large quantities of hay, several camps and some stock have
been destroyed in different localities.
From the Minneapolis Times of the tenth instant, we clip the
following, which is a part of a report made by the state relief com-
mittee, who were sent here last Friday:
"George W. Marchant and Ed Geesaman returned this morning
from their visit to Mora and Brook Park, whither they were sent
by the direction of the local relief association, to ascertain what was
being done to aid the fire sufferers. They were pleased to find that
relief had come from the west as promptly as from the other sides.
The dead were buried, the injured removed to a place where they
could be made comfortable, and other survivors were well taken
care of. At Mora an active relief committee, composed of Rev.'
James Thompson, Andrew Larson and T. B. Vickery, had been in-
defatigable in their efforts to render assistance, and with supplies of
clothing and provisions sent from St. Cloud, had housed and fed
the homeless from Brook Park. At the latter place, which was al-
most wiped out, there was found a box car in which a colony of nine
destitute people were sheltering themselves. Three of these were
sent to Hinckley by the Minneapolis relief committee, and those who
preferred to remain were fully provided for. A resident of Brook
Park named Gonyea, who had been very badly burned, was sent
over to St. Cloud, where he will be turned over to one of the hos-
pitals. It was found that the Mora relief committee had sent search
parties all through the burned districts from Mora to Hinckley, and
that everybody had been found and all of the refugees cared for.
Having seen everything in good working order, Messrs. Marchant
and Geesaman proceeded to Hinckley, where they joined the state
relief committee.
""The local relief committee, which consisted of W. Y. D. Long, Ole
Nelson and section crew, Dr. Cowan, Henry Renes, now county audi-
tor, Victor Molander, Jas. Golden, Thomas Dowds, and Chas. Olson,
was in charge of W. Y. D. Long, depot agent, Mora. They took
with them provisions to last the sufferers two days and arrived at
Pokegama Sunday afternoon. They found and temporarily covered
a number of dead bodies, their first thought being for the living.
Among the living was found Dr. Kelsey and family, Mr. and Mrs.
R. W. Kelsey and family, Mr. and Mrs. Fream and family, Mr. and
286 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Mrs. Ward and sons, and thirty-two Polish Jews who were sheltered
in a box car. The expedition proceeded one mile and a half down
the railway track to the place where the Great Northern train was
lying and found there Hans. Nelson, section foreman, and family,
and Mr. and Mrs. Braman. Mr. and Mrs. Braman were sent to Pine
City. The relief party then started to return to Mora, bringing with
them Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Kelsey and family, Mr. and Mrs. Fream
and four children, Mr. and Mrs. Hans Nelson and family, and Jacob
Greenberg. When four miles from Mora they were met by the St.
Cloud work train, which had proceeded as far as it could. The ex-
pedition was taken on board and brought to Mora, where they ar-
rived about 9 o'clock p. m., the whole party of the sufferers were
placed in the church and well cared for, medical assistance being
'given by Dr. J. A. Lewis, local physician.
No help whatever was accepted from this relief traip from St.
Cloud by the Mora relief committee, except that two nurses, M-rs.
Margaret Mitchell and Mrs-. Marshall were retained to nurse thv.
sufferers.
A car load of clothing arrived at Mora from St. Cloud on Tuesday
morning about 10 o'clock. This clothing ws.s distributed by Rev.
Thompson on Tuesday afternoon among the sufferers who were at
Mora, and among the sufferers at Brook Park on Tuesday evening.
Two barrels of clothing were also received from the Woman's Home
Missionary Society of Wesley M. E. Church, Minneapolis. -Also one
box of clothing from Rev. George H. Wareham, pastor of M. E.
Church at Jonesville. Help in provisions and clothing was also
offered by Rev. H. C. Jonnenys, D. D., pastor of M. E. Church, Red
Wing, Minn., but was declined.
The thirty-two Russian sufferers were removed by James Suydam
from Minnesota Home to 249 East Fairfield avenue, St. Paul.
The body of Mr. James Barnes was brought to Mora, accompanied
by his two sisters Mary and Elizabeth, and the father, Robert Barnes.
They remained at Mora until the following afternoon and then went
to St. Paul, their expenses, railway fees, etc., being paid by the Mora
relief committee.
The twenty-five dollars received from Hon. R. C. Dunn, of Prince-
ton, was declined by the Mora relief committee as thev determined
to take care of the sufferers themselves.
MIXXESOTA FOREST FIRES.
287
The families from Hillman and Ground House were well cared
for by Alora and were sheltered and fed in the church. The families
from Hillman remained in the church over a week. In all about
one hundred people were cared for, sheltered, fed and partly clothed
by the people of Mora during the three weeks preceeding September
first.
288
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
SUPERIOR.
C UPERIOR is in Douglas county, in the state of Wisconsin, and
^ is on the banks of Lake Superior. The eastern division of the
Great Northern Railway, from Duluth, crosses the bay, and enters
Superior, and goes forward till it reaches Carleton county, Minnesota.
From this it is clear that the refugees from the fire district on the
Eastern line, had to be taken to Superior before reaching Duluth,
but as Duluth is the largest city in Northern Minnesota, and as the
fires in Pine county were in Minnesota, it was right and proper that
the sufferers, as a whole, should be taken to that city. This accounts
for the work done in Duluth being greater than that done at Superior,
but it does not lessen the credit due to the generous people of
Superior, who well deserve the fame their city is attaining in the
Northwest. With water ways to the sea, being on level ground,
having the shops of the railway, and also being near the great iron
ranges so rich in mineral wealth, and on the opposite side of the
bay from its neighbor, it has a right to expect a future which will
eclipse the present glory it has attained as far as sunlight surpasses
moonlight.
I have put in this book every word of report sent to me from;
Superior, and to that must be added the fact, that many of the men
who served through the fire are not only superior men, but they are
men who live at Superior. Such men as Thorne, railway superin-
tendent, Whyte, master mechanic, Finlayson, master carpenter,
Van Pelt, Best, Ford, Freeman, McLaughlin, Gilham and many
others. The people of Minnesota will not forget the kind-
ness of the people of Superior in September, 1894, shown to so many
of our citizens, nor will it forget the good \vork of the Superior news-
papers, or their zeal in gathering news. The staff of the Evening
Telegram deserves special mention, and I acknowledge my obliga-
tions to Mr. Kirby Thomas.
The mayor of Superior was in New York at the time of the disa<--
290 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
ter, but he did not forget the fire sufferers. Acting Mayor C. J. Xor-
quist filled his place, and Rev. Mr. Starkweather, with a band of
ready helpers came to his assistance. The names of the committee
are in the report.
When the fire occurred at Philips, Wis., the city of Superior was
the first to furnish relief.
In response to the telegram of Mr. Davis, the Hon. F. A. "Wood-
ward, mayor of Superior, called a mass meeting at the city hall, and in
a few hours a car loaded with food and supplies of all kinds was on
its way to Philips, under the charge of Rev. J. H. Xasson. After
the first assistance had been given, about $150 remained in the hands
of the city clerk, which was, by request of the chairman of the Philips
committee sent to him by Xe.v York draft.
In this matter the citizens of all classes and wards acted with the
greatest harmony and promptness. Xo charge was made by Mr.
Xasson or any one else for services.
When the terrible conflagrations in the vicinity of Hinckley were
wired to Superior, a temporary organization was immediately formed
by Acting Mayor C. J. Xorquist, assisted by Aldermen Harry
Rogers and James H. Agen. A relief train was sent out with Dr.
Collins in charge, and many volunteer assistants. Some sufferers
were rescued and many buried. A second train, also under Dr.
Collins, was sent later. For his hard labor and professional serv-
ices Dr. Collins never made any charge. The first trainload of Min-
nesota sufferers reached Superior shortly after midnight, September
2nd. Carriages were ready to convey the burned to the hospital, and
the half-naked women and children were wrapped in blankets and
taken to the city hall, where women were ready with clothing to dress
them comfortably. All were Drovided with comfortable board in
the different hotels and boarding houses. Many had friends who
provided for them without expense to the committee, and of such
relief no record has been made. After some time the Duluth com-
mittee sent for the Minnesota fire sufferers, but most of them re-
turned here, after registering in Duluth.
Before they were taken to Duluth they were addressed by Acting
Mayor Xorquist, who invited them to, stay or to register in Duluth
and then return to Superior.
When the fires destroyed Hinckley, Sandstone and other Minne-
sota towns, the woods of Wisconsin were burning in many places.
These fires caused but little loss of life, and the great excitement
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 291
which the terrible loss in the Minnesota towns produced prevented
the public generally from appreciating 1 the great financial loss in
Northern Wisconsin. The fire burned steadily in all directions, de-
stroying the timber, burning the grass roots, and in some cases cal-
cining the soil, so that grass seed will not germinate. Settlers, who
had with great labor gathered hay from the creek bottoms to keep
their cows through the winter, -.vere deprived not only of the timber,
ties, posts and bark, by the sale of which they expected to support
their families through the winter, but of all food for their stock, and
it was only by the most prompt and efficient action of the Superior
Relief Committee that hundreds of cows and other stock were saved
from being slaughtered to keep them from starvation. Two in-
stances will show how complete was the destruction a few miles south
of Superior, and how little attention was first given to it. The com-
mittee decided to rebuild two log houses which had been burned a
few miles south from here, but investigation showed that while the
houses had been in the middle of the timber, yet there were then
no unburned logs with which to rebuild nearer than five miles.
Theophile Bedard, a tie cutter, lived with his wife on their home-
stead near Boyleston, seven miles south of Superior. Their nearest
neighbor was a half mile from there. He was named Williams. Williams
and Bedard were cutting ties some miles away with several other men.
On September 2nd Airs. Bedard escaped from her burning house,
and finding Mrs. Williams, the two women searched for their hus-
bands for two days but could not even find the camp where they
and several others had been working. The women finally walked
to St. Louis, where they took a train to St. Paul, hoping the men
had escaped in that direction, but no trace of any of these men has
been found. Airs. Williams remained with friends in St. Paul.
Airs. Bedard was transferred from St. Paul to Duluth, Sept. i8th,
and from Duluth to Superior Sept. 2ist. She is still in this city.
Till she reached here- ; t was not known that any lives had been lost
in Douglas county.
As soon as it became known that help of all kinds was needed
for people in Douglas and Bay field counties, and that much relief
work would have to be done for months, a permanent organization
was effected by a mass meeting at the city hall. Air. Frank Os-
trander was elected president. Air. P. J. Ekstrand (the treasurer
of the city\ elected treasurer, and the city clerk appointed secretary.
Committees of two men from each ward were selected to solicit mon-
292
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
>
REV. J. H. NASON.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 293
ey for the relief fund, and a special committee chosen to raise money
from the banks and corporations.
The committeemen from the ist and 2nd wards did not turn in
the funds to the treasurer, but a seperate organization was made in
the Eastern wards of the city, and the work done by that organiza-
tion is not included in this report.
Some misunderstanding arose from this division and from the fact
that Mayor Woodward, who was in New York when Hinckley was
destroyed, was offered help by Eastern parties. The state officials
considered no assistance outside of Wisconsin to be necessary, al-
though when it was freely tendered by Chicago merchants and
churches, it was gratefully accepted. Many conferences and meet-
ings were held, and after a visit to Milwaukee by the secretary, who
laid the whole condition of this section of the state before Colonel
W. J. Boyle, treasurer of the state relief, no further trouble arose
and the state promptly and generously filled all requisitions and fur-
nished all the feed, hay, provisions and bedding which was asked for
or needed. Too much praise cannot be accorded to Col. Boyle's
management of the state relief work.
On the executive committee fell most of the work. That commit-
tee consisted of Acting Mayor Xorquist, Rev. J. H. Xasson, Rev. A.
P. Morten, Mr. Chas. Stewart, Capt. Jarvis White, Wm. E. Pick-
ering and the treasurer and secretary. Afterwards changes were
made in the committee, and Mayor Woodward on his return took an
active part in the work.
Neither the president, treasurer or secretary have asked or re-
ceived any compensation for their services or expenses, or has any
expense for clerical work been incurred.
The committee to raise funds from the corporations reported about
$1,500, but this was used as a guaranty fund and only about $60
of it was called on. Outside of the corporations and the money
sent by non-residents, about $2,000 was raised by the committees
in the seven wards. In this work Alderman Lund was very active
and successful.
The Rev. J. H. Nasson, who superintended quite largely the dis-
tribution of supplies for the fire sufferers, reports the following points
of the special methods employed :
First, I note the promptness with which the city of Superior an-
swered the calls of distress from Phillips, and the fire of September
ist at Hinckley, Partridge, Sandstone, etc. Immediately upon re-
294 MINNESOTA. FOREST FIR^S.
ceiving the telegram reporting the Phillips fire, the mayor of the
city called a meeting of the citizens in the city hall; committees were
appointed, money and provisions were solicited the same afternoon,
and at evening were forwarded to Phillips, reaching there about mid-
night, and handed over the relief committee in that city the next
morning. The same promptness was manifested in responding to
the fire sufferers at Hinckley.
The second point would be this: In common with the citizens
of Duluth and other parts of the country, no regard was paid to
state lines, but the people of Superior desired to be useful to the
needy in Minnesota as well as in Wisconsin, because of our prox-
imity to the suffering in Eastern Minnesota, and we felt 'that we
ought to share with Duluth the care of the first trains of sufferers
that arrived; so that private houses and hotels of our city were
thrown wide open for receiving the sufferers, and after Minnesota
asked the privilege of taking care of her own citizens, still, because
many of them preferred to remain in Superior, we still continued to
furnish them with supplies.
The third point would be: That great pains were taken to ex-
plore the woods where many of the settlers were to be found on
their claims, many miles away from the railroad towns, and in that
way numerous destitute cases were found that otherwise would never
have been known to the general public.
The fourth point would be: That careful discrimination was ex-
ercised, so that those who suffered most in the loss of property,
houses and gardens, were aided proportionately to their losses. That
while few lives were lost, aside from the loss at Phillips, in North-
ern Wisconsin, there were really great losses of property, of the
comforts of life, the gardens and the hay fields of the settlers, and
immense quantities of wood, cedar posts, railroad ties and other
property that the settlers depended on for their living. The com-
mittee who investigated the condition of these sufferers found a
large number of Finlanders, and other nationalities, who had set-
tled within the fire swept territory, and like all new settlers had en-
dured great suffering and privation in order to improve their lands,
and in consequence of the two years of hard times through which
they had passed, and the double scourge of drought and grasshop-
pers which they had experienced that year, before the fire came.
Fifthly, in the judgment of the relief committee it was thought
best to ask the state of Wisconsin to furnish a store room of sup-
MIXXESOTA FOREST FIRES. . 295
plies against the needs of the coming winter, and this afforded dis-
tribution during the autumn at the various points where destitution
had occurred. It was found to have been a very wise precaution
to have that store of supplies, and it was visited by great numbers
of the suffering during the greater part of the winter.
Superintendent Thome, J. X. Hill, Conductor Ed. Gilboy, M. J.
Devany, roadmaster, and myself took a handcar and started ahead
to ascertain what damage was done, and found every bridge, build-
ing and culvert burned out between that point and Hinckley.
At Sandstone we found Kettle river bridge burned, the steel span
alone standing, and the oak ties and guard rails burning from each
end.
We had all bridges from Xo. 105 to 113 rebuilt by September
sixth. On September seventh we commenced framing Kettle river
bridge, and at twelve o'clock, midnight of September sixteenth, the
first train passed over it; which I think a very good record for a
bridge eight hundred and fifty feet long, and one hundred and thir-
ty-two feet high, and not a man was injured.
JOHX FIXLAYSOX,
Master Carpenter.
MINNESOTA FOREST F1BES.
W
<i
LORD MOUNT-STEPHEN, LONDON.
WHAT DULUTH PEOPLE DID.
FjULUTH is the greatest city in the northern part of Minnesota
^ and its people are characterized by very great energy and
enthusiasm. All the transport business to and from the northern
pare of the state centers here. The interests of this city are very
closely allied to those of the residents in Pine County; trains go
through it daily. Every one who has ever visited Duluth has gone
through the burnt district All this made the people of the city at
the head of the Great Lakes take a personal interest in the fire suf-
ferers. It was from the St. Paul and Duluth depot in Duluth that
the ill-fated train, which had Conductor Sullivan and Engineer J.
Root on board, with many citizens known to large numbers of the
people, started. All this stimulated deep concern, besides the men
and women who took a part in the fire relief work were actuated
by a Christian sympathy which had manifested itself often before.
The Ladies' Relief Society had for years been widely known for its
work for unfortunate people. The Rev. E. M. Xoyes, the pastor
of the Pilgrim Congregational Church, was known in all the re-
gion round for his wide sympathies. The Roman Catholic bishop,
James McGolrick, had, before he was a bishop, when a priest at
the Church of the Immaculate Conception, Minneapolis, for more
than twenty years stood a friend of thousands in trouble, sorrow, need
and all kinds of distress; a man of active, tireless energy, who had
copied after the late Cardinal Manning, probably.
The Rev. C. C. Salter is said be a man in ten thousand. A very
rough man said to the writer, "If ever there was a man who fol-
lowed Jesus Christ, a saint on earth, I believe it is Mr. Salter."
Every tramp, every man who needs a friend at Duluth, knows the
pastor of the Bethel. The mayor, Mr. Lewis, is a quiet man with a
clear head and a warm heart. He threw all the energy of his soul
into the work of relief.
The physicians of Duluth should be honored for the brave and
298 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
faithful manner in which their professional duties were discharged
during these trying days. They were: Doctors Salter, McComb,
Retchie, Sherwin, Gibson, McCormick, Gilbert, Magie, Weston,
Lyman and Codding.
On the afternoon of September first the citizens of Duluth were
at first surprised, then alarmed by the peculiar effects in the sky
which could only be compared to descriptions of simoons in that
gradual and at last almost total darkness that succeeded an other-
wise brilliant day as early as noon. At four o'clock in the afternoon
it became so dark that lamps had to be lighted, and a short time
afterwards the streets were almost in total darkness. People be-
gan to wonder and to look into each other's faces, as if inquiring
whether the end of the world, which had been prophecied by certain
religious sects, was about to be fulfilled. Later it became rumored
that the fires had reached Hinckley on the St. Paul and Duluth
road, and while the information was vague in the extreme, it was
not lessened by the reports which succeeded each other in rapid
succession. Between five and six o'clock in the afternoon, it was
stated that the limited train on the St. Paul and Duluth road had
been detained on account of the fires, and numerous sensational
reports were started, evidently originating from those who had
friends detained by the unusual occurrence; but later in the even-
ing it became apparent that some unusual event had happened for
the reason that the limited St. Paul and Duluth train, usually on
time, did not arrive; and when messages came over the wires of
the Eastern Minnesota Company indicating that Hinckley had
burned and that the St. Paul and Duluth south bound limited had
been obliged to turn back, the first evidence of the worst fears be-
gan to be realized. These fears were abundantly corroborated when
the Eastern Minnesota train, which left Duluth at one p. m., returned
from Hinckley, bringing in addition to its south bound passengers,
four hundred and seventy-six residents of Hinckley who had been
obliged to desert that village on account of the fires.
As the wires brought no news concerning the condition of the
St. Paul and Duluth train up to eleven p. m., the rumors which had
been current were thought to be true, and the citizens of Duluth
began to show their interest in the probable distress of the passen-
gers of that train by numerous inquiries at the local offices of the
company. The dispatcher's office of the St. Paul and Duluth road
was filled during the night with persons whose anxious inquiries
showed the public interest in the fate of that train.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 299
At about two o'clock Sunday morning a. number of gentlemen
who had made repeated visits to the dispatcher's office of the St.
Paul and Duluth road, being anxious as to the welfare of certain
friends on the south bound limited train (Mrs. E. X. Saunders and
family), began to feel desperate, when the wire at last ticked off,
in an almost unintelligible manner, a message indicating that R.
X. Bell and daughter and Mrs. E. X T . Saunders and family were
safe; the relief shown in the expression of their faces plainly indi-
cated the anxiety which they had felt before.
Upon returning to the Spalding Hotel and after some little con-
versation Mr. J. L. Greatsinger, president and general manager of
the Duluth and Iron Railway, turned to one of the party and said,
"It does not seem right that no effort is being made to reach the
women and children at the point where the limited train burned. If
we were in the same place, it would cheer us to think that our friends
were making an endeavor to reach us. If you will go with me I
will get an engine and car and we will start tonight." The person
addressed was of the same opinion and readily assented. Both gen-
tlemen started for the dispatcher's office of the St. Paul and Duluth
in order to ascertain whether they could get the rights of the road
at that time and start out. The officials seemed anxious to further
any effort to aid those in distress, and promptly called a crew of
their men to get ready to take the party out. It was four o'clock
in the morning before everything was in readiness to start, and by
that time the Union Station was filled with citizens who were only
too anxious and willing to volunteer their services in rendering as-
sistance to the needy. The train started, but owing to the fact that
the condition of the road at that time was not known, as to whether
bridges were intact, or had been destroyed by the fires, it took until
ten o'clock Sunday morning for this relief party to reach Rutledge,
a short distance north of where the limited train was burned. At
that station the St. Paul and Duluth train, which had been sent out
early in the evening, returned, bringing forty or fifty, of the survivors,
who were taken cace of by the train, practically in charge of Mr.
Greatsinger, and of course operated by the St. Paul and Duluth road.
Mr. Greatsinger's private car was given to the injured, and the doc-
tors who had been invited and had most readily consented to ac-
company the party at once made themselves busy, endeavoring to
relieve the sufferings of those -vho had been burned. It was learned
from the St. Paul and Duluth work train that all of the passengers
300
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MRS. E. M. BANGS.
M1NNEOSTA FOREST FIRSS. 301
of the St. Paul and Duluth limited who had not reported at Rutledge
had started south on hand cars to reach Pine City.
Mr. O'Brien and Mrs. Saunders and her family were reported in
first rate condition, considering the awful distress they had gone
through, and consequently the train started with the forty or fifty
rescued toward Duluth and arrived safely, late in the afternoon.
The sufferers were immediately taken in hand by the citizens' relief
committee and the Ladies' Aid Society, and given every comfort
which was possible to tender them at that period of their distress.
Mr. Farrington, general manager of the Eastern Minnesota Rail-
way, did all in his power to help the work of relief and reconstruc-
tion.
Sunday, the second of September, was a busy day in Duluth, in
that all of its citizens seemed to respond as one man to the call
made upon them in the daily press, for means of relief to offer to the
stricken district.
The Ladies' Aid Society established headquarters in the basement
of the Lyceum Building, generously tendered by Mrs. A. M. Mil-
ler, and all of that day relief of every kind, money, clothing and
provisions poured into the headquarters in such quantities that every-
one received an abundant supply.
About six o'clock in the evening, the Eastern Minnesota road
was waited upon by a committee, stating that they understood that
some four hundred people were in the Sandstone river bottoms, deso-
late and without any means of subsistence, and asking if the East-
ern would furnish transportation to parties desiring to go their
to afford them relief. The officials of the road had not received any
advice up to that time that the fire had burned any other towns than
Hinckley, and considered that the reason for their not receiving fur-
ther advices was that the wires through the town of Hinckley had
been burned and therefore had cut off the circuit. A train was
heartily tendered to the citizens of Duluth, and any other assistance
which the company could offer in equipment or money. After re-
ceiving this answer the committee began to get together supplies of
food, medical necessaries, etc., and selected volunteers to go with
the train, which by request was to start from Duluth about twelve
o'clock Sunday night. The train was made up, consisting of an en-
gine, two flat cars, two freight box cars, two day coaches and a
private car, which left Duluth between three and four o'clock in the
morning. The train was provided with lumber to make coffins,
302 MINNESOTA FOPEST FIRES.
four wagons and teams, provisions, and supplies to be distributed
to the needy, six doctors, and forty-five of Duluth's most prominent
citizens. Up to midnight the reports indicated that many peoplo
had been burned; consequently knowing that quick action in suc'.i
cases is required, each man was equipped with a shovel for the pur-
pose of lending his energy to bury the dead. The train proceeded
on its way until Mansfield station, fifteen miles north of Sandstone,
was reached. After that point was passed frequent stops were made
at every lumber camp between that point and to Sandstone, in or-
der to enable certain ones from the relief train tp get off, and in-
vestigate as to whether all parties living there were safe. Everything
was found to be in good condition until Partridge was reached,
and at that station a dissolution began to be apparent, from the fact
that not a board was left in the town to indicate that a settlement
had existed there prior to the first of September. At this place,
owing to the intensity of the heat, the train could not proceed further
for the reason that between Partridge and Sandstone a distance of
seven miles 4he entire roadway of the Eastern Minnesota had been
burned to such an extent that the steel in the track was warped end
crimped to a degree rendering it impossible for even hand cars to
proceed beyond that station. The relief party disembarked from
the train, and under the direction of Mr. Seagog, of Duluth, were
divided into two parties, one to proceed by wagon in a direction
slightly deviating from the path of the railroad, in order to reach
what was known as the Sandstone quarries of the St. Paul and
Duluth road, and rescue any persons who might be suffering at that
place ; the other party started on hand cars to go as far as they could,
and the balance of the distance walked to Kettle river, running one-
fourth mile north of Sandstone. Each member of the party was
equipped with a knapsack, containing a large quantity of sandwiches
and other food supplies which might be found necessary to be used
en route, and also carried axes and shovels, and as much lumber as
they possibly could. The walk of eeven miles between Partridge
and Sandstone was something that will be remembered to the last
day of every member of the party. The fires had passed over, but
had left quietly burning vegetation, and the air full of smoke and
ashes, making breathing almost unbearable, and the heat was so
intense that every one suffered to a greater or less degree.
Upon arriving at Kettle River, seven miles from Sandstone, thev
walked down the rocky bluffs where no roadway existed, one hun-
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 303
dred and thirty-five feet, reaching the river. After hailng one of
the survivors in the quarries, he succeeded in ferrying 1 across the
river in a flat bottom boat, twelve feet long- and two and a half feet
wide, and the party took turns in this cranky skiff. Upon reaching
the other side it was found that but one building was left in the
town of Sandstone, where before had lived a population of seven hun-
dred people. This building was the office of the Sandstone Quarry
Company, located on the bank of the river where the relief party
crossed the stream. The building was probably fifteen by twenty
feet and consisted of two rooms down stairs and as many above.
There were twenty-eight people in this building frightfully burned,
and suffering untold agonies; the floors of the lower rooms were
covered with the prostrate forms of the poor sufferers, whose agony
had put them into that state where they could not realize or appre-
ciate their condition. The faces of all were frightfuly swollen and
distorted, and some \\ere suffering such agonies as were impossible
to depict.
The doctors of the party at once began their humane work, as-
sisted by as many as could conveniently work with them. The
other members of the relief party started to the place where the
town of Sandstone had existed, each one carrying on his shoulder
a long handled shovel for the purpose of interring the dead. Not a
particle of timber or a board \\as left where the town had once
flourished, and upon ascending the road leading up through a ra-
vine to the townsite, they were at once brought into full view of
the ghastly devastation which had been wrought by this fearful work
of the elements. Xo evidence remained that anyone had ever ex-
isted in this place, excepting only by the groups of bodies, indicat-
ing the familes where dwellings had once stood. But two cellars
were shown in the town, otherwise it would have appeared as thouglr
there had been no habitation. From the position of the remains
of the people who had been burned, it would seem that they had
not actually suffered, and this idea is borne out in the fact that
the air was so charged with gaseous flame that their lungs must
have collapsed immediately after it was inhaled. Wherever the bodies
were found indications that the villagers appreciated the frightful
fate that was in store for them were apparent, tor nearly all laid
on their faces, with their arms' covering their eyes. Mothers were
found lying on top of their babies as if in the endeavor to shelter
them from the frightful heat, which followed this awful holocaust.
304
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 305
In nearly every instance the bodies were found relieved of all cloth-
ing, the intensity of the fire having scorched the fabrics so that they
were either destroyed or blown away by the cyclone following, and all
lay on the ground in a position indicating rapid motion, or an en-
deavor to run away from the intensity of the fire.
The relief party, during that sad Monday's experience the third
day of September, buried sixty-one people in the town of Sandstone.
The burial was of necessity of the rudest form. The bodies were
in no condition to remain exposed to the heat of the atmosphere, and
as no official relief from the coroner could be expected at that time,
they were simply laid in trenches not over two feet deep, to await
the arrival of the county officials. Each grave was carefully marked
so that later on the various bodies could be identified. Upon re-
turning at about seven o'clock in the evening to the river bot-
tom, it was found that those left in charge had succeeded in reliev-
ing as much as possible the suffering of the people sheltered in the
only building at Sandstone, and while some had died in the mean-
time and were duly cared for, preparations had been made to re-
move the others to West Superior or Duluth in the most comfortable
manner possible. The bed spring which had been relieved of its
wooden frame by the fire, was rigged up into a stretcher, and a piece
of canvas brought down by the relief committee was improvised
into another. Upon these the unconscious were laid and carefully
carried to the river. The only means of crossing was the same
cranky flat-bottom skiff, which had to be operated so carefully.
The rescued were laid, one at a time, in the bottom of this boat
and two of the relief party, one in each end of the skiff, propelled
it across to the other bank, where it was received, and its freight
carefully taken care of by those on the other shore. After all had
had been carried over they had to be taken off by main strength,
and carried up the rugged cliffs one hundred and thirty-five feet, with
no path, to the point where the railroad track had been.
One of the most active participants of this relief work was Mr.
J. N. Hill, son of Mr. J. J. Hill, who seemed to be tireless in his en-
deavors to relieve the needy, and to help even those who were com-
petent to take care of themselves. In order to make the journey
of the burned more comfortable, from the point where they were
carried by the relief party at the top of the bluffs of Kettle river to
Partridge, seven miles, he had made two or three trips for the pur-
pose of getting such necessary conveniences as could be strung
306 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
between two hand cars, and "thereby make slings in which to lay the
almost lifeless bodies of the rescued. Late in the evening, after dis-
comforts which can only be realized by those who were active par-
ticipants, they, with their unhappy charges, arrived at Partridge where
all were transferred to the train there in waiting, and were afforded
such comforts and facilities as the skilled practitioners who were
with the party and others could give them.
The train started for West Superior sometime between eight and
nine o'clock in the evening and arrived there about midnight. Com-
munications had been passing by wire between that city and the
members of the party, so that upon the arrival of the train quarters
had been provided for a large number of the sufferers, and the in-
jured were taken to the hospitals.
Immediately the news was known in St. Paul on Saturday night,
that the fire had created such damage, President Samuel Hill, of the
Eastern Minnesota road, Mr. R. I. Farrington, comptroller, and
others, started Sunday morning, September second, on the St. Paul
& Duluth road, got off at Finlayson, and walked across, several miles,
to Sandstone, then returned to St. Paul; and on the following day
President Samuel Hill again, in order to see if he could do anything
to help the sufferers, came to Hinckley on the St. Paul & Duluth, and
walked from Hinckley to Sandstone, ten miles, where he met the re-
lief train party above mentioned, which was then engaged in their
work at Sandstone.
President J. J. Hill, at the time of the fire, was in Helena, Mont.,
and upon receiving advices from Duluth of the extent and damage
of the fire, it is pleasant to remember, that not considering for a
moment his loss or the loss of the railroad company, his first thought
was for the distressed people who had been burned out, and he im-
mediately wired authority to make liberal donations of money on his
account, and to give instructions to do everything possible for the
sufferers.
On Sunday morning following the fire, Superintendent W. V. S.
Thorne, Mr. J. J. Hill, Road Master Deviny, and others, started on
a special work train for the scene of the fire, in order to ascertain
the extent of the damage, no one realizing at that time that the road
had suffered so severely. The party reached Partridge and then
walked to Sandstone, taking in the situation, and returning to West
Superior in order to make proper reports of the incidents surround-
ing the disaster.
MINNESOTA FOREST F[RES. 307
Mr. Farrington, general manager of the Eastern Railway, also
did all in his power to help in the work of mercy and reconstruction.
Hie second St. Paul & Duluth relief train, which, under the direc-
tion of Major Kinney, left Duluth about 4 o'clock p. m., Sunday,
September 2nd, carried a liberal supply of all that might be needed
in the work of caring for the victims. There were baskets of food",
gallons of coffee, ice, liquors, clothing, etc., and among the relief
party were several surgeons, two trained nurses and two representa-
tives of the Evening Telegram, Le Roy Thomas and L. E. Wharton,
Xear the place where the Hinckley train burned, at Skunk Lake,
the party alighted and began a search in the darkness, soon coming
upon ten bodies which had been gathered from the neighborhood,
and further on were eight more. In a short time a figure was seen
coming through the darkness, attracted by the lights of the train.
He was ragged, weary and disheartened after a tramp of miles
through the desolate woods, and after being fed, told his story of es*
cape from the flames near Hell Gate, and gave the first report of the
total destruction of Sandstone. From the bodies he saw in his walk
over the town site, he judged the mortality great, and a party was
immediately formed to visit the scene, and hastily gathering such
necessaries as could be carried, started under guidance of the in-
formant. A walk of three miles through inky darkness, lighted by
flickering lanterns, brought them to the government road.
As the first of the party marched along, his swinging lantern struck
something at the roadside, which a glance showed to be the body of a
young woman, whose arms, stretched upward in the agony of death,
had caught the lantern.
It was but the first of many frightful scenes. Upon the whole site
there was no sign of life; but descending to the quarry along the
river, the pa'rty found a few survivors cowering among the rocks and
in the little quarry office building, which alone escaped the flames,
were gathered the sick and injured, crowded thick upon the floor. It
was useless to attempt their removal to the train that night, so nfter
affording all relief possible, the party started on its return, expecting
to remove the sufferers in the morning. The newspaper men con-
cluded to remain and spend the night wandering about the quarry;
coming upon many ghastly evidences of the fearful flames, and as
soon as daylight came, started to investigate the site above, and in
a walk of an hour, counted thirty-seven half burned bodies where
their homes had stood. The unnatural heat of the preceding day
308
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 309
made it imperative that the decaying bodies should be buried at once;
and so, organizing a force, the work was prosecuted, reinforced later
by those who came on the Eastern Minnesota train about noon.
Sixty-two bodies were hastily covered in rude graves, marked with
such surmise as to their identity as could be made, and the party re-
turned, taking with it such survivors as could be moved.
THE BAILEY EXPEDITION.
Among the many relief expeditions which left Duluth for the re-
lief of the fire sufferers, was that which left over the Eastern Min-
nesota thoroughly to explore the farms and environs of Sandstone,
and discover and minister to the injured and bury the dead. The
company was under the efficient direction of Mr. William T. Bailey,
an experienced lumberman, and Mr. George E. Ash, surveyor gen-
eral. There were in the party about thirty skilled woodmen, who
were especially valuable in making a thorough examination of the
country, and three clergymen, the Rev. Prof. C. A. Pool, of Faribault,
and J. H. Sheridan and Albert W. Ryan, of Duluth. The train left
Duluth about 3 a. m., Tuesday, September 4th, and arrived at
Partridge about 6 a. m. Partridge was the temporary terminus of
the railroad, the rest of the track being destroyed by the fire, and
was about six miles from Sandstone. The remainder of the journey
was made on foot through a black forest burdened with an ominous
silence. No sound of beast or bird or insect was to be heard, but
on every side were dead bodies of animals and the trees were black
and stripped to their utmost boughs by the all devouring flames.
The peat was still burning below the surface and the heavy rails had
been seriously bent by the furious heat. At Kettle River, the party
found the wooden approaches to the bridges entirely consumed, but
the wires and bars of iron stood firm and uninjured and gracefully
light, one hundred and forty feet high. A pon boat was found and
all were ferried over to the town, where nothing was left of the
houses of more than six hundred inhabitants except one wretched
office and a tool house. Here were gathered the few remaining sur-
vivors of the holocaust of the previous Saturday. Clothes and food
in plenty were provided for them, and the company broke up into
exploring parties, who set out in every direction where any were re-
ported to be missing. Houses, fences, crops, were all burned with
the sole exception of the potatoes which seemed mostly uninjured.
Often in walking, the feet would break through the surface, and rest
310 MINNESOTA FOREST FTRES.
on the red hot coals underneath. One party at length reached a
farm where a girl was reported lost. She had been safely lying under
a wet blanket with her mother and the other children when she de-
cided that she would seek another blanket for herself. Her mother
remonstrated, but she persisted. After her departure the mother
lifted her blanket and saw a vast flame, fifty feet high, sweep over and
engulf her child. The woodmen found her poor bod} where she had
dropped after running wildly about four hundred feet, the last twenty-
five of which she had probably run without a stich of clothing on her.
A poor box was speedily constructed, a grave dug, and all that
was mortal of her body was laid away, while the last offices of the
church were being said.
Another party, was not so fortunate in discovering the missing
the bodies being evidently reduced to ashes.
On their return to Partridge that evening the clergy found that
some woodmen had discovered the body of a man who had been
burned, and they buried it as decently as might be but a little distance
from the scene of his death.
Last Tuesday a ghastly find was made in Sandstone. A well had
been dug, but proving dry, it was fitted out as a root house. It was
reported that there were some bodies here.
A little of the surface dirt was thrown out and a body discovered,
but the heat was so intense that further work was postponed until
the morrow. On Wednesday, the well was opened and eighteen
bodies were discovered, decapitated, dismembered, fairly cooked in
the vapors from their own bodies. Little children, men and women,
were fairly jammed into a space about six by six feet. It was as
ghastly and revolting a sight as imagination could well picture. The
bodies were carefully examined, placed in boxes, and carried to the
cemetery, where graves were dug. Then amid the stillness of that
scene of destruction, the men standing with heads reverently uncov-
ered, the offices of the church were said, and whole families rested in
a common tomb. A total of twenty-three bodies were discovered
and decently buried. The party returned to Duluth, Wednesday
night near mid-night.
The following were in the expedition : Robert Londew, Tim Sheean,
James Lynn, Thomas Grady, R. J. Ryan, Sim Lawler, Charles
Palmer, William McDonald, James E. Drouillard, Charles Caughill,
James Neff, Lea Goodell, William Wardell, Andy Morris, William
D. McLaren, Dan Husgy, James McKay, J. B. Michell, D. Hannon,
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 311
William Hanley, Thomas Gagnon, James Robinson, J. O'Hara, Allen
McDonald, William Shear, J. W. Schmidt, William P. McDonald,
W. R. McDougall.
The reader will form some conception of the disagreeableness of
the work these earnest men did, when it is stated that of the eighteen
bodies taken out of the root house, only three had their heads on.
All were in a state of decomposition. These men, in this expedition,
had been chosen by Mr. Bailey for their fitness, there was not one
who could not have found his way in any forest with a compass in his
hand. All were intent on their duty, and each strove to do his full
duty, and did it in a way which is a credit to human nature. When
some weeks after I met a number of them at the Spaulding Hotel
in Duluth, and asked them to send me a photograph of themselves
in a group, they spoke of all they had done as being little indeed.
Mr. Bailey said: "We did only what any men would have done, if
they had been in our places. We never expected fame, and we do
not want our names mentioned in the matter."
"Did not you help the living in every possible way, and remove
eighteen dead from one place?"
"Yes; it was only our duty."
ouch men glorify humanity, and build mjfich better than they know.
They are, as Lowell says:
"The bravely dumb that did their deed
And scorned to blot it with a name,
Men of plain heroic breed
That love heaven's silence more than fame.
The den they enter grows a shrine,
The grimy sash an oriel burns,
Their cup of water warms like wine,
Their speech is filled from heavenly urns."
These woodsmen proved this September day what true and high
qualities are in the souls of many men, whose hands are hard and
backs are bent with earnest work, and I have placed these names in
this roll of honor, that all men who care may read this story of their
service.
MRS. DAVID BUCHMAN.
RKV. WILLIAM WILKINSON, DEAR SIR:
I have been requested by the committee who compiled the enclosed
account of the work of the Ladies' Relief Society for the sufferers
312
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MRS. A. M. MILLER.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 313
from the Hinckley fire, to state to you that this account is correct
and that they would prefer that it should be published in this form.
THE LADIES' RELIEF SOCIETY.
It wa's no small task for Duluth to take in, house, clothe and feed
the 1,200 refugees who came here from the Hinckley fire; yet all
these people were made comfortable and were well provided for from
the very outset. The Ladies' Relief Society was a most conspicuous
and most efficient means of meeting the emergency. Their previous
training in city relief work, well prepared them for the occasion, and
their zeal and effective work never failed during the trying days
which followed, each with its own peculiar kind of need to be met.
When the fire relief train arrived on Saturday night, two of the
ladies met the mayor and proffered the assistance of the society, but
on his assurance that all preparation had been made for their care
that night by the city, under the direction of Chief of Police Arm-
strong, nothing was done until the next morning, when at 6 o'clock
the headquarters of the Ladies' Relief Society in the Lyceum Build-
ing were opened. To these rooms were brought and donated the
600 new garments made by the society and in hand. At 9 a. m. fifty
workers were busy distributing clothing to those previously arrived,
which generous citizens had contributed in sufficient quantities al-
most to fill the room.
During the morning a committee from the Ladies' Relief Head-
quarters was sent to the union station to distribute the refugees
among the different families who had offered to care for them, in or-
der to make room for the incoming trains.
The ladies sent by the relief train which left during the night, forty-
seven sacks of clothing, together with fifty pair of blankets, disin-
fectants, medicines, chemicals and bandages, to the scene of the fire,
that the bodies of the dead might be suitably cared for before inter-
ment, and all necessary care given to the living. The work was
conducted at four different points, the Lyceum, Armory, Bethel and
the Glass Block. After eight days the room in the Lyceum proving
too small, the headquarters were transferred to the Mann Block,
where the work continued until the state committee took charge.
Some idea of the onerous duties there accomplished may be gath-
ered, when it is realized that much of the time sixty-eight ladies were
constantly at work, and no less than twenty-two thousand five hun-
dred and ninety-one garments were given out, together with fifteen
314 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
hundred pairs of shoes, many hundred yards of new material and
household goods, not including furniture which was furnished by the
Central Committee.
The relief train which arrived at noon on Sunday brought in three
hundred men, women and children, who were immediately sent to the
Bethel, where they were fed, bathed and clothed under the direction
of the Ladies' Relief Society. This work at the Bethel was continud
for nearly a month, the places of those leaving the city being filled
by others stopping at various homes and churches. Many of the
men, returning to rebuild homes, left their families in charge of the
committee at this point.
The Glass Block was another center of activity and no less than
one hundred and twenty-five were clothed and given comfortable
beds.
The Armory in the Howard Block furnished meals to all the refu-
gees who were not elsewhere -entertained. Hundreds were fed each
day on excellent food which was bountifully provided, and many
of the ladies of the city, unused to such labors, willingly acted as
Relief Society in charge at this point. All those not provided with
clothing at other places were supplied by the society at the Armory.
Some of the refugees were also cared for by the Congregational,
Presbyterian and Episcopal churches. Clothing was furnished to
each of these churches when needed, from the Ladies' Relief Head-
quarters. Here and there throughout the city, ladies who were not
otherwise occupied, were busy cutting out and making or repairing
garments for which the Ladies' Relief Society had need. Not only
the present needs of every refugee were looked after, but two
additional suits of winter clothing were provided, thus preparing
them for the reasonable demands of the future.
Refugees, being cared for by families throughout the city also
received their full quota from the Ladies' Relief Headquarters.
MRS. DAVID BUCHMAX, Secretary Ladies' Relief Society.
Together with other generous relief work done in Duluth, during
the extreme want which followed the great Hinckley fire, that done
by the ladies of the Episcopal Church should not be forgotton. The
demand for dormitory accommodations increased constantly all day
Sunday. By Monday, the ladies of St. Paul's Church, who were not
otherwise occupied with the Ladies' Relief Society work, secured
vhat is known as the Berkleman Block, generously offered by Mr.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 315
W. E. Lucas. Here beds were speedily provided and fire sufferers
immediately accommodated. Meals were supplied at the Armory,
about two blocks distant, by the city authorities and the Ladies' Re-
lief Society.
For eight days, a varying number of men, women, and children
were comfortably housed, and even furnished with medical attend-
ance, when that was necessary. The largest number cared for was
eighty-six men, thirty-two women, and ninety-six children, making a
total of two hundred and fourteen. Later, all the women and chil-
dren were taken to the Bethel, but the men were housed for ten days
more.
316
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
J. J. HILL.
TWO HARBORS.
T HROUGH all the reports in the press at the time of the fire,
Two Harbors received little, if any attention. The readers of
the report of what was done by the hardy sons of toil who live here
must keep in mind that this is a new place, and the people have had
all the expense attendant upon moving to a distant locality, and are
engaged in seeking prosperity, which in part they have found, and
the fullness of which they deserve to obtain. This was the second
time they had been called upon to help fire sufferers in one summer,
and the whole-souled way in which they responded, shows the kind
of people who live in Two Harbors. It has been said they gave
more per head than any place outside of Pine and Chisago counties.
What by way of moral achievements may not be expected from such
a people as those who are laying the foundations of this northern
town.
CITIZENS' RELIEF MASS MEETING.
"At noon Saturday a brisk southwest wind, hot as the breath of a
furnace, was blowing, the atmosphere being very hazy. At 3 o'clock
the heavens were shrouded with a sulphurous hue, suggesting an
approaching storm. Two hours later the atmosphere was filled with
smoke, cinders and ashes. It had become dark as night and lamps
were lighted. A red flush covering the entire heavens gave to it the
semblance of the canopy of hades, and the average sinners felt that
the forerunner of the wrath to come was with them. Kerosene lamps
burned with a flare as blue and clear as an arc light, a singlar phen-
omenon of the atmospheric conditions resultant from the great
fires, which obliterated Hinckley and other prosperous towns, and
devastated the surrounding country. All night long and part of
Sunday the ashes fell, their silent and peaceful settling back to
earth little indicating the roar of the breakers of flame, and tortured
shrieks which preceded their long flight.
Sunday morning meager reports of the frightful calamity reached
318 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES
here. Monday, when the first tangible intelligence of the extent of
the calamity was received, measures were taken to contribute relief.
Monday afternoon packages of clothing hastily gathered, and a box
of socks and shirts contributed by the Bankrupt Store, were forward-
ed to the relief committee at Duluth. Monday evening a mass meet-
ing was held at the court house. The secretary's report, published
below, indicates that those present were there for business.
Two HARBORS, MINN., Sept. 3, 1894.
A mass meeting of the citizens of Two Harbors, held in the court
house on Monday, September third, at which William Moulton was
chosen chairman and Theo. Hannon secretary, it was decided to draw
up a set of resolutions, asking the governor of the state of Minnesota
to take action looking to the immedi?te relief of the sufferers in the
great fire at Hinckley and adjacent country. The following resolu-
tions were presented by Theo. Hannon and unanimously adopted by
a vote of the meeting:
"Whereas, We deeply deplore the terrible calamity which has be-
fallen our unfortunate neighbors in the burned district of Hinckley
and adjacent territory; and,
"Whereas, We highly appreciate the inefficiency of individual effort
to adequately care for those poor sufferers and provide food, clothing
and shelter therefor during the approaching inclement winter; now,
therefore, be it
"Resolved, That we, the citizens of Lake county in mass meeting
assembled, respectfully petition the governor, the Honorable Knute
Nelson, of the State of Minnesota, to adopt such measures as to him
shall seem advisable for the appropriating of money from the abun-
dance of the state treasury of the State of Minnesota, for the purpose
of rebuilding the homes of the survivors of that most terrible catas-
trophe.
'Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions duly signed by the
chairman and attested by the secretary of this meeting be forwarded
by early mail to his excellency, the governor of the State of Min-
nesota."
On motion of Mr. Coggswell, a committee of ten ladies and five
gentlemen which was afterwards changed to eight gentlemen, was
appointed to solicit food, clothing and money for the relief of the
fire sufferers. The committee were as follows:
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRMS. 319
Mesdames Coggswell, Budd, Rose, Therrien, Hanna, Gufert,
Floathe, Cotter, Tracy.
Messrs. Moulton, Bury, Rock, Hannon, Falk, Munford, W. A.
Doerr.
A letter was handed in containing twenty dollars and fifty cents
as a donation from the crew on the steamer Washburn. On motion
of John Brown a vote of thanks was tendered the crew of the steamer
Washburn for their generosity.
On motion the corner store in Brick Block was selected as head-
quarters for the relief committee. On motion George Munford was
elected as chairman of committee to receive and pack goods.
On a call being made for financial contribution names were given
with amounts opposite, making a total on the night of meeting, in-
cluding the steamer Washburn, of $363.50.
The committees were at work early Tuesday morning and the re-
sult of their efforts was soon manifest. Clothing began to come
in lively, and many who had but recently sent all spare garments to
Phillips, contributed cash. Nearly every family in the village con-
tributed something, those without money dividing their supply of
clothing. There were contributions of goods from the stores. H.
Hanson sent up a good sized box of shoes, and H. Silberstein & Co.
gave five dollars in clothing from stock. George Munford, who
had charge of the packing, shipped several large boxes Wednesday,
their contents being estimated to be five hundred dollars in value.
Tuesday, Foreman Headly made a canvass of the car shops for
cash contributions, and collected one hundred and fifteen dollars in
a very short time.
The Ellsburg employes, engaged in sloping and filling north of
Dock Xo. i, made up a purse of forty-nine dollars and fifty cents.
John Runquist, John Elsberg, P. J. Anderson and Alex Carlson
each gave five dollars, and the remainder was in amounts from twen-
ty-five cents to one dollar. The boys did well.
The aggregate of all cash subscriptions is the magnificent sum of
nine hundred and forty-three dollars and ninety-five cents, which
has been forwarded to the relief committee at Duluth for disposal.
Add the other contributions, and Two Harbors' offering is in the
vicinity of fifteen hundred dollars. President Moulton informed the
Duluth committee, while in that city Monday, that in Two Harbors
was more benevolence to the square inch than in any town in the
universe. The people have emphasized his statement.
320 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Duluth Division, Order of Railway Conductors, at their meeting-
Sunday, appropriated twenty-five dollars from the lodge funds for
the relief of the sufferers from the great forest fires.
Two Harbors Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, notified
the grand officers Wednesday morning, to draw on their lodge for
twenty-five dollars for the relief of any brethren rendered destitute
by the HincKiey fire.
Misses Hitchcock, Marble and Booth, while en route to Two
Harbors, Saturday, to enter on their duties as teachers in the village
schools, passed through Hinckley about one hour preceding the de-
struction of that village. At that time fires were burning along the
tracks, and the smoke and heat rendered the trip disagreeable, and
caused much uneasiness among passengers.
Whenever there's a treasurer of a charitable fund to elect. Dean
Burk makes a winning. Tuesday he was the hardest worked man
in town, entering deposits in the fire fund. This is one of the de-
lights of being a banker.
KEPORT OF ST. PAUL RELIEF COMMITTEE.
A| IXUTES of the proceedings of the executive committee of the
General Relief Committee of St. Paul, organized for the aid
of the suf-'erers by the fires at Hinckley and other points on Septem-
ber 3rd, 1894, at the Chamber of Commerce building.
This Executive Committee appointed by the General Relief Com-
mittee, consists of the following persons: E. W. Peet, C. W. Hack-
ett, J. J. McCardy, George Benz, Thomas Cochran, W. J. Footner
and W. H. Lightner. The first meeting of the committee was held
at the Chamber of Commerce building on September 3rd, 1894, at
12:30. Mr. Peet was elected chairman, and Mr. Lightner elected
secretary.
On motion it was resolved that there be appointed a finance com-
mittee of five members; said committee having power and authority
to solicit and receive subscriptions and report the same to this ex-
ecutive committee. All subscriptions to be turned over to the
treasurer, W. B. Bend, and said committee on finance to have power
to appoint subcommittees to aid them in their work.
On motion the following was chosen as such finance committee:
W. B. Bend, chairman, W. H. Lindeke, E. J. Hodgson, H. C. Mc-
Xair and Richards Gordon.
On motion a committee on supplies office was created, to have
power to solicit and receive all contributions other than cash, to have
charge of the depot of supplies ?.nd to appoint subcommittees to aid
in their work, said committee io report to this executive committee.
On motion the following were appointed a committee on supplies:
W. L. Wilson, chairman, M. L. Hutchins, M. J. O'Connor, E. Vanish
and James F. Jackson.
The committee then arose to report their action to the General*
Relief Committee; said action being reported to the General Relief
Committee was ratified and approved.
It was then unanimously agreed by the committee that the com-
mittee should meet each day at 12 o'clock at the Commercial Club
322
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MAYOR SMITH.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 323
rooms, the use of which were kindly tendered by the president, W. J.
Footner.
The meeting then adjourned to 8 o'clock p. m., at the Commercial
Club. W. H. LIGHTXER,
Secretary.
Meeting of the executive committee held at 8 p. m., September 3rd,
1894. Present Messrs. Peet, Hackett, McCardy, Cochran, Footner,
Benz and Lightner.
Mr. Kingsbury, on behalf of the Opera House and the company
now presenting the play the ''Devil's Auction," were present, and
offered as a donation all of the receipts for the Friday night, Septem-
ber seventh, entertainment over one-half of the receipts based upon
the usual prices; Mr. Kingsbury explained by this it meant that if
the committee 'Saw fit to sell tickets at a higher price than the usual
rates the opera house would only retain one-half of the usual price
of such tickets, the committee thus receiving the entire benefits of the
increased price. On motion the offer was accepted and it was or-
dered that the secretary communicate the offer to the finance com-
mittee with the request that they act upo'n it and communicate with
Mr. Kingsbury.
Mr. Tarns Bixby being present read telegrams from Duluth, Pine
City and other points. Mr. Hackett addressed the committee on
the necessity of careful action in the distribution of funds in order
that they be properly applied.
On motion of Mr. Cochran the following resolution was adopted:
Resolved that Gov. Nelson appoint a state commission authorized
to receive contributions of money and supplies for the relief of the
sufferers by the forest fires and expend and distribute the same.
Mr. Hackett moved that the committee on supplies be requsted to
forward to Pine City at once all hospital supplies, and that Mr. James
F. Jackson be requested to proceed to Pine City to direct the distri-
bution of the same and to advise this committee as to the necessities
of action.
At the request of Mr. Bixby this committee considered the name
of some person to represent St. Paul in the state commission and'
by unanimous vote instructed the secretary to recommend Mr. Ken-
neth Clark for such position.
W. H. LIGHTNER, Secretary.
Meeting of the executive committee held September 4th, 1894, at
324 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
12 m. All members of the committee being present. Air. Feet in
the chair.
A committee of gentlemen representing the society of Ancient
Order of United Workmen offered a donation of one thousand dol-
lars. On motion this was accepted with thanks and a request made
that they pay the same to W. B. Bend, treasurer.
Mr. George R. Finch presented to the committee a communication
from W. R. Bourne in regard to the suffering of people at Cumber-
land and Shell Lake, Wisconsin, and in the vicinity. (Exhibit i.)
A report was received from the treasurer of contributions received
by him since the meeting of yesterday morning, amounting to five
hundred and forty-seven dollars.
The secretary was instructed to request that the chairmen of the
committees on finance and supplies attend the noon meetings of this
committee.
On motion of Air. Hackett it was resolved that the committee on
supplies be requested to send to the relief committees at Cumberland
and Shell Lake, Wisconsin, such supplies as may be deemed neces-
sary.
On motion of Air. Lightner it was resolved that the treasurer be
instructed to pay to W. L. Wilson, chairman of the committee on
supplies, the sum of one hundred dollars, to be expended and ac-
counted for by said committee on supplies.
Bishop Gilbert, who at the request of the general committee, vis-
ited Pine City and returned this morning, made a verbal report to
the committee of the situation at Pine City and in the vicinity.
Among other things he stated that F. A. Hodge, of Pine City, is
treasurer of the relief committee at that point, that it was determined
at Pine City to request that no further supplies or money be sent
except upon requisition from the committee at Pine City.\ Bishop
Gilbert stated that the estimate last night at the scene was that out
of a population of sixteen hundred at Hinckley and three adjoining
towns the dead numbered four hundred, the homeless twelve hun-
dred, of which eight hundred were destitute.
Col. Bunker (C. S.) also reported on the situation at Hinckley.
A telegraphic report from Air. Jackson, who had proceeded to
Pine City as instructed at the last meeting, was then presented and
read. (Exhibit 3.)
On motion of Air. Benz it was resolved that the treasurer send
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 325
$500 to F. A. Hodge, treasurer of the relief committee at Pine City,
to be used for pressing necessities.
On motion of Mr. Lightner it was resolved that a committee of
three on transportation be appointed; said committee to have charge
of transportation matters, including the obtaining of free transporta-
tion for the fire sufferers and for other purposes; said committee to
report to the executive committee. On motion the following were
appointed as said committee: George R. Finch, chairman, Walter
A. Scott and George Benz.
A party from the fire district desiring transportation, who was pres-
ent at the meeting, was referred to this committee.
Mr. Gregg, of the firm of Nichols & Dean, briefly presented to the
committee the necessities of the people in the vicinity of Milaca.
On motion the meeting adjourned.
W. H. LIGHTNER, Secretary.
Meeting of the executive committee held September 5th, 1894, at
12 m. Present the entire committee, Mr. Peet in the chair.
Th chairman presented communications as follows:
1. Letter from James F. Jackson, at Pine City. (Exhibit 4.)
2. Later dispatch from James F. Jackson. (Exhibit 5.)
3. Dispatch from Thomas Cochran, at Milwaukee. (Exhibit 6.)
The chairman stated that he had communicated the contents of the
telegram to Gov. Xelson.
4. Letter from the secretary of Mayor Smith communicating the
offer of Dr. O'Brien to furnish nurses.
5. Letter from Mayor Smith enclosing letter from X. H. Danforth,
president of village of Mora.
6. Verbal report to the effect that twenty-five refugees from the
village of Mora had arrived and had been taken charge of by Capt.
Hart and Gen. Bunker, and placed in the Minnesota Home in St.
Paul, and that Dr. Ancker had taken charge of the sick and injured
among them. Supplies and clothing ordered to be sent them. Mr.
Wilson, chairman of committee on supplies, being present, reported*
that he had charge of these refugees.
Mr. Finch reported that he had accompanied the supplies to
Cumberland and Shell Lake last evening and he had personally
superintended their delivery.
On motion of Mr. Benz, Mr. Finch was added as a member of the
executive committee.
326
MINNESOTA FOREST PIPES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 327
Gen. W. B. Bend made a verbal report of the committee on
finance, stating that the subcommittees on collections had been ap-
pointed and started out on their work; that he had received in cash
since yesterday's report from new subscriptions, nineteen hundred
and forty-three dollars and forty-five cents, also a check from the
Austin-Corben ' Banking Company, of New York, for five hundred
dollars; also from the New York Life Insurance Company one
thousand dollars, being five hundred dollars formerly subscribed and
five hundred additional; also that he had received subscriptions of
Smith & Parker, twenty-five dollars. The treasurer also reported
that he had disbursed five hundred dollars to F. A. Hodge, treasurer
at Pine City, and one hundred dollars to Mr. Wilson, chairman of
committee on supplies, as directed by the committee yesterday.
Resolved that all applications for temporary relief in St, Paul be re-
ferred to the committee on supplies for investigation and action.
It was also resolved that the secretary cause notices to be given to
the public through the public press requesting that applications made
in St. Paul by parties for relief be referred to the committee on sup-
plies, and asking the public to contribute furniture and household
goods. And also announcing that nurses and laborers were not
needed at the scene of the fire. Air. H. H. Hart being present,
made a verbal report of the situation at Pine City.
On behalf of the Amateur Base Ball Clubs of St. Paul and Min-
neapolis, it was stated that a base ball game would be held at Minnea-
polis on Saturday of this week for the benefit of the fire sufferers,
half of the proceeds to be turned over to the relief committee of Min-
neapolis and half to the relief committee of St. Paul.
On motion this offer was accepted with thanks and it was directed
that the proceeds be paid to the treasurer of the committee.
Mr. Benz, on behalf of the Beethoven String Quartet, tendered to
the committee the proceeds of a concert to be given by that organiza-
tion at Ford's Hall on Friday evening of this week.
On motion the offer was accepted with thanks and the proceeds
directed to be turned over to the treasurer.
On motion the meeting adjourn
W. H. LIGHTNER, Secretary.
Meeting of executive committee held September 6th, 1894, at 12 m.
Present the entire committee, except Mr. Cochran. Mr. Peet in the
chair.
Mr. Peet presented a letter from Mr. Cochran.
328 MINNESOTA FOREST FJEES.
Air. Peet presented the offer of Mrs. H. E. Pond to act as nurse.
The secretary was instructed to acknowledge the same.
The treasurer presented a report of subscriptions and cash received.
(Exhibit n.) The substance of which was as follows: Cash received
since last report, two thousand and four dollars and fifty cents. Prior
cash subscriptions paid, six thousand five hundred and seven dollars
and forty-five cents. Total cash received, eight thousand five hun-
dred and eleven dollars and ninety-five cents. Disbursed on order
of executive committee, six hundred dollars. In addition to the
above the unpaid subscriptions amount to eleven hundred and fifty-
five dollars.
A committee at Shakopee reported they had clothing and other
articles ready to ship, and offered to turn them over to our com-
mittee on supplies. The offer was accepted. The committee further
offered on behalf of the city of Shakopee to send supplies to the
amount of four hundred dollars as ordered. On motion this offer
was accepted. It was stated that Jacob Reis, Sr., is chairman of the
Skakopee committee.
A telegram was received from Mr. Jackson, at Pine City, making
requisition for certain supplies and provisions. On motion it was
referred to the committee on supplies with instructions to fill the req-
uisition purchasing such supplies called for and not on hand.
On motion Mr. F. A. Abbott was added to the committee on sup-
plies.
On motion Mr. Hackett was chosen vice chairman of this com-
mittee.
Mr. La Grave presented an offer to the committee to give a stere-
optican entertainment, of which seventy-five per cent of the gross
proceeds should be paid to the relief committee for the sufferers.
On motion this offer w ? as accepted and the matter referred to the
finance committee. W. H. LIGHTNER, Secretary.
Meeting of the executive committee held September I5th, 1894.
Present, Messrs. Peet, McCardy, Cochran and Footner. Air. Foot-
ner was chosen to act as secretary pro tern.
On motion of Air. Cochran it was resolved that James F. Jackson
be paid for one-half of September at the rate of one hundred dollars
per month and actual expenses, and that the treasurer be authorized
to settle with him accordingly. Also that the act of the chairman in
transferring the services of Air. Jackson to the state commission be
approved
FOREST FIRES. 329
A report of the treasurer (Exhibit 20), showing the total receipt?
to date of nineteen thousand one hundred and eighty-four dollars
and ninety-nine cents was presented.
A donation of twenty dollars from Rachel and Gertrude Hill and
their young friends, was turned in and directed to be sent to the
treasurer.
A communication from M. L. Hutchins, secretary for the relief of
the poor, concerning the fire sufferers at Otter Tail county, was read
and referred to the state commission for further investigation and
such action as they deem proper.
Meeting of the executive committee held September i8th, 1894.
Air. Wilson reported the case of William Holm burned at Crom-
well, who lost his mill and house. Also on a case of a woman with
six children, whose husband was burned at Hinckley.
On motion it was resolved that all cases requiring permanent re-
lief be referred to the state commission, and that the state commission
be informed of this action and also be advised that this committee will
aid the state commission in furnishing persons who will aid them in
attending to such cases.
W. H. LIGHTNER, Secretary.
Meeting of the executive committee held September 24th, 1894, at
12 o'clock, at Commercial Club rooms.
The secretary reported an interview with Mr. Kenneth Clark,
treasurer of the state commission, stating that Minneapolis had
placed at the disposal of the state commission twenty 'thousand dol-
lars, and would pay five thousand dollars a week, commencing this
week.
The treasurer, Gen. Bend, presented his report, showing cash re-
ceipts to date twenty thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine dollars
and ninety-two cents; disbursements, by order of this committee,
one thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven dollars and forty-eight
cents, leaving on hand eighteen thousand nine hundred and ninety-
two dollars and forty-four cents.
Mr. McCardy moved that the treasurer pay to the state commis-
sion five thousand dollars, and also five thousand dollars next week,
and five thousand dollars the following week. This motion was sec-
onded. Mr. Cochran moved as a substitute that the treasurer pay to
the state commission treasurer five thousand dollars. The original
motion being withdrawn, Mr. Cochran's motion was carried.
An invitation from the Commercial Club to attend a meeting of
330
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOJIEST FIRES. 331
various bodies to devise if possible some practicable means to cope
with the annual recurring forest fires, was presented and on motion
accepted.
W. H. LIGHTXER, Secretary.
Meeting of executive committee held September 26th, 1894.
"Resolved, That when we adjourn, that it shall be to meet on call
of the president or secretary." Resolution adopted.
"Resolved, That the treasurer call upon Messrs. Griggs, Cooper &
Co. for the amount of their subscription, and credit same with the
amount they have delivered in provisions."
''Resolved, That Capt. C. W[ Hackett be requested to communicate
with his correspondents in the southern part of the state, who have
communicated with him in regard to the cyclone sufferers, and rec-
ommend them to correspond with Gov. Nelson about needed relief,
and,
"Resolved, That it is the sense of the committee that the scope of
the state commission may be properly enlarged to afford relief to
the cyclone sufferers.
J. J. McCARDY, Secretary pro tern.
Meeting of executive committee held October 4th, 1894, at Com-
mercial Club rooms at twelve o'clock, at the call of the chairman.
The secretary presented a bill from Griggs, Cooper & Co. for one
hundred and sixteen dollars and firty-three cents for groceries sent
to Shell Lake, Wisconsin. Messrs. Griggs, Cooper & Co. having
made a subscription payable in groceries, on motion it was ordered
that the treasurer settle the same by application of the amount thereof
upon the subscription of Griggs, Cooper & Co.
The treasurer presented his report (Exhibit 24), showing total
receipts to date twenty-one thousand six hundred and thirtv-nine dol-
lars and seventy-four cents; disbursements, six thousand nine hun-
dred and thirty-seven dollars and forty-eight cents, leaving balance
of fourteen thousand seven hundred and two dollars and twenty-six
cents.
On motion it was resolved that the treasurer pay to the state
commission five thousand dollars, including therein credits for mon-
eys which had been disbursed for state sufferers by fire.
W. H. LIGHTNER, Secretary.
Meeting of the executive committee held October i6th, 1894, at 12
1 m., at the Commercial Club rooms.
332 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
The treasurer presented his report (Exhibit 25), showing total re-
ceipts to date twenty-five thousand and ninety-eight dollars and
twenty-eight cents; total disbursements, twelve thousand and fifty-
four dollars and one cent, leaving a balance on hand of thirteen
thousand and forty-four dollars and twenty-seven cents.
The treasurer also reported that he had paid five thousand dollars
to the state commission in accordance with the resolution adopted
at the meeting of October fourth; that this payment was all in cash
and did not include credits for moneys which had been disbursed
for state sufferers by fire. On motion the treasurers action was
ratified.
On motion it was resolved that the treasurer pay to the state com-
mission ten thousand dollars addition, including, however, in such
ten thousand dollars, credits for moneys which had been disbursed
for the sufferers by fire.
W. H. LIGHTXER, Secretary.
Meeting of the executive relief committe-2 held October 29th, 1894,
at the Commercial Club rooms.
Mr. Hackett offered the following resolution which was adopted:
''Resolved, That Treasurer Bend be authorized and directed to pay
over to Kenneth Clark, of the state commission, the sum of four
thousand dollars.
The following resolution was also adopted:
"Resolved, That the treasurer, secretary, and chairman of the com-
mittee on finance, and chairman of the committee on supplies, be re-
quested to make full and detailed statements of all matters in their
respective departments at the next meeting of this committee.
On motion meeting adjourned to November 5th, 1894, at 12
o'clock noon, at the Commercial Club rooms.
J. J. McCARDY, Secretary pro tern.
Meeting of the executive relief committee held November 8th,
1894. Present, Messrs. Footner, Hackett, Benz and Lightner.
Mr. Benz reported that German Societies in Chicago were about
to hold meetings and entertainments for the purpose of raising funds.
On motion the chairman was directed to send a letter of thanks fo?
this action.
On motion the meeting adjourned.
W. H. LIGHTNER, Secretary.
Meeting of the executive relief committee held November I2th,
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES, 333
1894. Present, Messrs. Peet, Hackett, McCardy, Benz and Light-
ner.
The chairman reported that he had sent a letter to the German
societies, as- directed at the last meeting.
Mr. W. L. Wilson, chairman of the committee on supplies, pre-
sented his report in detail, which was accepted with thanks of the
committee for his efficient management and satisfactory report.
Gen. Bend presented his report as treasurer, which was on motion
accepted; and together with the report he presented to the committee,
his book showing in detail the collections made; he also offered to
the committee his checks, receipts, etc., which were declined with
thanks.
On motion the secretary was instructed to prepare a final report for
the general committee of the actions of this executive committee.
On motion the meeting adjourned.
W. H. LIGHTNER, Secretary.
Report of the executive committee appointed on September 3rd,
1894, by the general committee for the sufferers by fires at Hinck-
ley and other points.
Your executive committee organized immediately upon its appoint-
ment, made its headquarters at the Commercial Club rooms, the use
of which were kindly tendered by that club, and held daily meetings
for the transaction of business for some weeks after their appoint-
ment, and have met frequently since that time until their work was
completed. A record has been kept of all the formal actions of the
committee and most of such actions have been duly reported in the
daily press. Your committee appointed several subcommittees, in-
cluding a committee on supplies which had charge of the depot of
supplies and the distribution to the needy sufferers. Also a commit-
tee on transportation and various other special committees from time
to time. The committee on finance has reported its collections to
the treasurer, Gen. W. B. Bend, who has made from time to time
frequent reports to the executive committee, and has made his final
report.
Accompanying this report your committee submits a very complete
and detailed report of the committee on supplies prepared by the
chairman, Mr. W. L. Wilson. Also the treasurer's report, which
shows that the total amount received and disbursed is the sum of
$ , the greater portion of which, as appears from the re-
334
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
\
*%v
KENNETH CLARK.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 335
port, was paid to the state commission. Our committee on transpor-
tation took a very active part in furnishing- transportation for the
fire sufferers and acted mainly in connection with the state com-
mission, to which they furnished a detailed report. In addition to
the cash received a large amount of supplies were received, the value
of which it is impossible to state, but it is variously estimated at from
five to ten thousand dollars. To the cash received and disbursed as
stated above the amount of cash does not include the five thousand
dollars contributed by Mr. James J. Hill, of this city, which was con-
tributed directly to the state commission.
The records of this committee and the reports mentioned above
have been preserved in a book, and by direction of the executive
committee with the approval of your body, these records will be de-
posited for future reference with the Historical Society of Minnesota.
Respectfully submitted on behalf of the executive committee.
W. H. LIGHTNER, Secretary.
MINNEAPOLIS SENDS RELIEF.
It was noon of Sept. 2nd before the mayor of the city had a tele-
gram that the fire in Pine and adjacent counties was of so serious a
nature as to call for help from all parts of the state. In all the west
no such telegram could have been placed in the hands of a man
who would act with more warm heartedness and enthusiasm; his
whole administration had been marked by a care for the poor, which
had been taken note of all throug-h the state, and far outside its
borders. Mayor Eustis' soup kitchen, opened in the winter to serve
the needy, had been the subject of discussion in press, pulpit, and
on platform. The moment news was spread that Hinckley- was a
desolation and its people lay dead, he set out to make the facts
known and took prompt measures to send help.
No train could be sent direct from- Minneapolis nor was it essen-
tial, as there was one going from St. Paul. On this Mr. J. T. Man-
nix left to represent the city and the mayor, who stayed here and
knowing that it is lawful to do good on Sunday, he set out to find
such men as Geo. R. Newell, Anthony Kelley and other wholesale
men and told them of his plan to send a relief train early in the morn-
ing. Very late it was that night before the mayor had done his
work and at twelve o'clock was going the rounds of the newspaper
offices to hear the latest news. Bright and early on Monday, be-
fore most men had awakened out of sleep, he was out gathering
336 MINNESOTA. FOREST F1PES.
together all he could to send to Pine City. Every one to whom
he spoke entered into his zeal and at eight a. m. a car load of
useful things eatable and wearable was ready to be sent to the
committee at Pine City. Over the St. Paul and Duluth line it was
taken. Mr. Ryan sat on a barrel of pork, and Wm. Wilkinson on
a box of clothes. At every station on the line the train stopped and
into the cars were placed all sorts of things. The people had gath-
ered in throngs at the stations all anxious to hear any scrap of news
or see any train going to take help. Women in tears, children of
all sizes and conditions, men from the woods, men from offices and
mills, and farms, each and all intent on knowing what was being
done; many on sending help. As the train passed White Bear men
said "Good luck! Send back all the news you can. How many
are dead? When do you expect to come back? Will you take
us along?" and the like. At Stacey there was a large supply of
goods on the platform ready to be sent; and at North Branch yet
more; it looked as if the whole county was intent on helping. Here
Rev. Mr. Fostroke joined the train, which reached Pine City in
due course. All the business men in Minneapolis that day, Mon-
day, knew what had happened and that they would have an op-
portunity of helping. The papers told the details as far as known.
The Tribune and The Times are published in the morning. The
Journal and Penny Press are evening papers. All had special edi-
tions, which had very large sales. The public interest was very
great indeed and soon all was arranged to have the help given con-
ducted in a systematic way. The names of the citizens' committee
shows that the men who were upon it represent all that is best in
the city.
It was decided to divide the work and classify it. This was done,
so the lumbermen, the bankers, the dry goods men and so on were
seen as classes, or rather as individuals in those classes. Nothing
was left to chance. The finance commrttee knew what it wanted
to do and how to do it. This committee sat daily and gave to every
detail of its work a wise and thorough oversight. Every member
of it deserves the gratitude of the fire sufferers and all in this state
who honor men who do good work for the children of sorrow. Mr.
Harvey W. Brown, president of the Gas Light Co., a man who is
known well for his generous deeds and interest in the needy, su-
perintended much of the work of collection, especially that in of-
fices. He sent out two gentlemen engaged in their offices Geo.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES 337
N. DeMill and Lawrence S. Shuler, Jr. All the committees did
well and the general committee never slackened its efforts till the
work was ended. The churches led by their pastors, the musicians,
the theater proprietors, men in work shops, and the young ladies
employed in stores each and all assisted. The hospitals took care
of the burned and public bodies as the Odd Fellows, the Knights of
Pythias, the Masons all joined the army of helpers and all deserve
credit alike. It is certain that Minneapolis is never behind in its
readiness to give to any worthy cause in the state. This is its
pleasure and duty. The reports show in detail much that was done.
FIRST RELIEF TRAIN.
It was Sunday, September second, a bright and pleasant day
one of those delightful days in early autumn which are peculiar to
the Northwest when the hearts of Minneapolitans were saddened
by the startling information that forest fires had destroyed several
peaceful communities and killed hundreds of human beings. The
wires were in such bad shape during the night that only very meager
reports of the holocaust were presented in the papers the morning
after the visitation. The newspapers published fragmentary state-
ments and in the absence of very definite and positive accounts
the people naturally believed the story to be exaggerated, so far
as the tremendous loss of life was concerned. The community,
with its ever quickened impulses for well doing, was in a fever heat
of excitement, extremely desirous of learning the exact facts in the
case.
Mayor W. H. Eustis, acting with that promptness which is one
of the marked characteristics of the man, made every effort to as-
certain, and at an early hour, the true situation of affairs. In re-
sponse to his telegrams there came to the city hall the most dis-
tressing information, that at least three hundred lives were lost.
His honor, appreciating that the homeless would require immediate
succor, quickly conferred w r ith some of the flour millers and other
prominent citizens, and all were of course ready and anxious to do
even-thing to relieve the unfortunate people as far as human agen-
cies could relieve, under such terrible conditions. It was the am-
bition of Mayor Eustis to have the city of which he was the execu-
tive represented among the very first contributions shipped to the
grief stricken communities. But it was impossible under the de-
moralized conditions which existed with the railroads running into
the fire district to get transportaton facilities that clay.
338 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Mayor Eustis, appreciating the necessity of having full particu-
lars of the horror, at once sent his private secretary, J. T. Mannix,
to the fire section. Mr. Mannix was fortunate in reaching St.
Paul in time to take a special train which had been made up by the St.
Paul and Duluth railroad people. This train bore a number of news-
paper reporters, a squad of militia men, Secretary Richardson, rep-
resenting the governor, Secretary H. H. Hart, P. H. Kelly and
other gentlemen, all alive to the horror of the disaster, and anxious
to reach the stricken communities at the earliest possible moment,
that they might care for the injured, feed the hungry and console,
if possible, the hundreds of bereaved ones. The train also bore a
considerable quantity of groceries, the liberal contribution of the
Kelly Mercantile Company.
At all the stations along the line there were people who were de-
lighted beyond the power of human beings to express, when they
saw that swift going relief train. At a number of points, particu-
larly White Bear, the thoughtful people had hurriedly gathered
food and clothing, and these were added to the stock taken from
St. Paul. Rev. Father Burke joined the relief party at White Bear.
He was a welcome and very valuable worker in the fire section.
It \vas nearly evening when the relief train reached Pine City.
The people of that hospitable community had anticipated the relief
train, and the local committee and other prominent citizens \vere
on hand to communicate the sad facts in the case. It was a time
when work had to be done, and done with the greatest possible
expedition. The local committee, with Thomas Hurley as chair-
man, met with those on the relief train, who had come up to assist
in the great relief work. The meeting was held in one of the
passenger coaches. After an hour's discussion of the situation, the
local committee was strengthened by making Secretary. Hart, of
St. Paul, Judge Nethaway, of Stillwater, Daniel Moon, of Duluth
and J. T. Mannix, of Minneapolis, members. An hour later this
enlarged committee met in one of the halls of the city and proceeded
at once with the great work, which for two weeks was conducted
in a manner that elicited much praise. Mr. Hurley was very prop-
erly continued in the chairmanship. The general committee was
divided into sub-committees on burial of dead, commissary, trans-
portation, etc. The committee met every morning at nine o'clock,
and the work was done with the greatest possible system consist-
ent with such demoralized conditions as existed at the time.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 339
When the relief train reached Pine City and the extent of the
calamity became known, the bare facts were telegraphed Mayor Eus-
tis. The immediate needs of the afflicted section were indicated,
and some suggestions in regard to clothing, etc., were made. The
next morning there came to Pine City a car load of groceries,
bedding, general clothing, etc., the first installment of Minneapolis'
noble contribution. The committee quickly disposed of these goods,
and then telegraphed the good people of the Twin Cities just what
was needed.
This is but a general statement of the first relief work. The gen-
eral local committee, as the Pine City committee was called, got
things in good shape for the State Reliel Commission, which suc-
ceeded to the great and humane w 7 ork. The splendid work of the
local committee, and particularly of the Pine City members of that
committee, is certainly deserving of every praise. Amid the horror
;aid gloom of that most terrible visitation, the members of that com-
mittee worked manfully and incessantly and brought something like
order out of the chaos and confusion that prevailed in the fire
district
MINNEAPOLIS RELIEF COMMITTEE.
First meeting of the Citizens' Relief Committee, held Monday,
September 3rd, 1894, at Commercial Club Rooms.
Meeting called to order by Mayor W. H. Er.stis, who stated why
the meeting was called. On motion by the mayor Mr. C. A. Pills-
bury was called to the chair. The chairman stated that the first
business would be the election of a secretary, and on motion adopted,
Mr. W. H. Rendell was chosen.
Mr. Pillsbury made a few remarks on the importance of imme-
diate action and called on those present for their opinions as to
the best method of proceedure. After considerable discussion Mr.
P. B. Winston offered the following resolution:
Whereas, Terrible and destructive forest fires have visited the
Northern part of our state causing great loss of life, and render-
ing homeless hundreds of our fellow citizens,
Resolved, That the chairman of this meeting is authorized to ap-
point a committee of twenty-one, for the purpose of securing im-
mediate relief for the sufferers, and that the committee is empow-
ered to increase this committee and to appoint other committees
with full power to act;
Resolved, Further, that the Mayor of this city is requested to call
340
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MAYOR W. H. EUSTIS.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 341
a special meeting of the city council tonight, to take such action as
is in their power for the relief of the fire sufferers.
The chairman appointed as this committee C. A. Pillsbury, chair-
man; P. B. Winston, W. H. Eustis, Rev. Dr. Hoyt, Geo. W. Mar-
chant, O. B. Clark, C. M. Loring, W. H. Rendell, J H Sullivan,
Senator Washburn, Geo. R. Newell, W. J. Dean, Dr. Higbee, Sen-
ator F. F. McMillan, R. B. Squires, Geo. A. Brackett, A. C. Haugan,
Rev. J. M. Cleary, W. H. Warrington, J. C. Haynes, and B. F.
Nelson.
Mr. O. B. Clark, agent Adams' Express Co., offered to carry
free anything for the relief of the fire sufferers. His offer was ac-
cepted. Mr. Theo. Hayes offered to give a benefit at the Bijou
Theater, Saturday evening. On motion adopted the offer was ac-
cepted.
Misses Salisbury and Satterlee to give two cots; offer accepted.
Mr. O. B. Clark was apointed to secure special train to start for
the scene of the fire as soon as possible.
A motion by Mr. R. J. Anderson, that a committee consisting of
Eugene Hay, Rev. Dr. Hoyt, R. J. Anderson and Senator Wash-
burn to draw up a memorial to be sent to Engineer J. M. Root
for his bravery in saving so many lives, was adopted. Meeting ad-
journed W. H. RENDELL.
FIRST MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Meeting was called to order by Chairman C. A. Pillsbury.
On motion adopted. J. H. Sullivan was elected secretary and
P. B. Winston treasurer.
On motion by Senator Washburn, F. G. Winston, W. J. Dean,
Xelson Williams, J. T. Wyman and H. W. Brown were appointed
committee on finance; and P. B. Winston, C. M. Loring, A. E.
Higbee, Rev. Dr. Hoyt and Geo. W. Marchant, committee to start
for the scene of the fire at once and report to the meeting on Tues-
day at three o'clock p. m. Dr. Higbee was empowered to pur-
chase anything necessary for immediate use.
A motion by Mr. Pillsbury was adopted to send out an appeal
through the papers to associations and churches next Sunday, to
raise subscriptions as soon as possible for the fire sufferers, for
which work Dr. Hoyt and Mayor Eustis were appointed.
Mr. Dean made a motion which carried, that a sub-executive
committee be appointed, composed of Messrs. C. A. Pillsbury, Mayor
Eustis, Geo. R. Xewell, P. B. Winston and H. W. Brown.
342 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Report of adjourned meeting of the Executive Committee of
the Citizens' Relief Association held at the rooms of the Jobbers'
& Manufacturers' Association September fourth, 1894, 3 o'clock p. m.
The meeting was called to order by Chairman Pillsbury, who
stated that its purpose was to hear the report of the committee of
visitation and inquiry, and to decide on what action to take for the
permanent needs of the fire sufferers. Rev. Wayland Hoyt read
the report, which was accepted. Air. F. G. Winston reported for
the finance committee that the chairman was meeting with much
success and was well received everywhere. Mayor Eustis stated
that Gov. Nelson had issued a proclamation, asking the different
towns and cities to aid the sufferers, and had appointed an execu-
tive committee consisting of C. A. Pillsbury of Minneapolis, Ken-
neth Clark, of St. Paul, Mr. Graves, of Duluth, Mr. Norton, of Wi-
nona, and Mr. Hart of the state board of Correction and Charities,
to look after the needs of the fire sufferers. Mayor Lewis, of Du-
luth, who was present, made a few remarks on the condition of
things on the Duluth side of the fire. Mr. W. C. Gregy, who had
just returned from Milaca, stated that about 30 families had been
completely burned out at that place and had lost everything. On
motion adopted, Mr. F. B. Nelson, Geo. R. Newell and J. H. Sulli-
van were appointed auditing committee to audit all bills before the
same we're paid. On motion by Mr. Pillsbury, Mr. H. W. Brown
was elected vice president. A gentleman from the Musicians' As-
sociation was present and stated that they would like to give a secred
concert at the Exposition building, Sunday afternoon, and turn into
the treasury the receipts. On motion adopted the meeting ad-
journed. J. H. SULLIVAN, Secretary.
To Citizens' Relief Committee: Gentlemen: Acting under the
instructions of the committee, and asking Doctors Norton and Mc-
Donald to assist in the work, I visited Pine City to look after the
wounded and sick there, who were victims of the fire. At the depot
we were joined by Doctors J. T. Moore and S. S. Kilvington and
Mulberg, of Minneapolis, Foster, of St. Paul, Perkins, of Excelsior,
and Mitchell, of Shakopee. Upon arriving at Pine City we found
the 'seriously burned gathered together in an old warehouse, and
sadly in need of medical attendance. This was given as rapidly as
possible and as efficiently as the surroundings would allow. All
the medical men joined in the opinion that it was impossible to
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 343
give the injured the care required, as they were situated, and in
consultation with Mr. C. M. Loring and the committee from Minne-
apolis, acting with the local committee, it was decided to remove
the most seriously injured to this city, and place them in the hospi-
tals here. Accordingly at noon Tuesday, the 4th day of September,
ten adults by train offered us by Superintendent Miller of the St.
Paul and Duluth Railroad were brought to this city and sent to the
following hospitals :
At Asbury, Mrs. Otto Olson, aged 35 years (lost husband and
three children), burned on head and face, respiratory organs injured
by inhaling hot air and smoke, will recover. Mr. Nels Friske, age
42 years, right eye bruised and burned, both hands and wrists burned,
and lungs inflamed; will recover. At Northwestern Hospital, Mrs.
May Olson, 31 years of age, burned on face and head, respir-
ator}- organs injured. Ella Olson, 2 years old; not burned. Gurt
Olson, 4 years old; burned on face. These are children of Mrs.
Olson. Mrs. Olson will recover. Mrs. Agusta Will, age 31
years; burned on face and hands, inflammation of lungs caused
by smoke and hot air; will recover. Mrs. Hilda Benton, age 18
years, daughter of Mrs. Will. These two women report no friends
and no place of shelter. Dr. Norton carefully investigated the case
of Mrs. Benton and reports her worthy of aid. At Homeopathic
Hospital, Mr. M. E. Greenfield, age 50 years; eyes very badly burned,
had pneumonia, will recover. Mrs. M. E. Greenfield, age 27 years,
terribly burned on chest, abdomen, back, arms and legs; recovery
very doubtful, or if she does will be a matter of months. Chas.
Greenfield, son of M. E. Greenfield, age 10 years, only slight burns.
Mrs. and Mr. Greenfield lost five children and everything they pos-
sessed, did not have an article of clothing. They are reported very
worthy; the boy was brought with his parents. Betty Westerland,
age 35 years, face badly burned, pneumonia and prostration; was in
water eight hours; worthy and will recover. At St. Mary's Hospital,
Emma Hammond, age 48 years, burned on nearly every portion of
her body; recovery very doubtful. Do not think this case demands
the charity of the committee only so far as medical attendance is re-
quired. John Larson, age 36, burned on hands, face and slightly on
body; worthy and will recover.
These hospital cases require much care and attention; some of
them a great deal of care and expensive dressings, and I would
strongly recommend that the hospitals caring for them be allowed
344 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
a dollar a day for each adult; this to cover all charges of every kind.
ALBERT E. HIGBEE, M. D.
To THE GENERAL RELIEF COMMITTEE OF THE CITIZENS' RELIEF ASSOCIATION:
Your committee of visitation and inquiry started for the scene of
suffering and of help yesterday afternoon. While waiting change of
train at White Bear, they organized. Hon. C. M. Loring was made
president and Air. George N. Marchant secretary. By resolution of
the committee, Dr. Higbee was made general medical director.
Dr. Higbee had requested Doctors Norton and Macdonald to ac-
company him; and at the suggestion of his honor, the mayor, and
by glad volunteering, these additional physicians, Doctors Moore
Nippert, Kilvington, Muldberg and Fitzgerald, of Minneapolis, and
Dr. Mitchell, of Shakopee, and Dr. Perkins, of Excelsior, were ac-
companying; and at once at the suggestion of your committee most
cheerfully put themselves under the general direction of Dr. Higbee,
that all medical ministry might be speedily apportioned and accom-
plished.
Mr. Sapendtier, of Minneapolis, was also requested to act as
druggist.
The other members of your committee held themselves ready to do
whatever service might be set for them; especially were they to
gather all possible facts as to the general condition of affairs, that
they might present to you the direct and most accurate account just
then obtainable.
On arriving at Pine City, part of the committee stopped there, that
point being, for our side of the fire, the base of operations, and the
place to which most of the injured on our side have been and are be-
ing carried; and is also the place where, from our side, most of the
burned-out people have been and are gathering. Mr. O. P. Clark
and Dr. Kilvington went out at once to Hinckley, to see if any serv-
vice of any sort could be rendered by your committee there. On
their return they reported that nothing whatever could be done at
Hinckley, that everything that could be done was either already ac-
complished, or was being done by most efficient hands at that
place.
Meanwhile the members of our committee at Pine City set them-
selves to work there. The medical stores were unloaded, taken to
the rink, which serves as a hospital at that point, and the physicians
at once applied themselves to the dressing of the burns and wounds
of the injured, and making them as comfortable as possible. The
MINNESOTA. FOREST FIRES. 345
other members sought at once to gain as clear an undertaking as
they could of the condition of affairs.
It may be as well stated here as anywhere, that one member of the
committee, Mr. Marchant, remained upon the ground to visit more
thoroughly the burned district, and to discover additional facts, and
to present to you a supplemental report, should such report be found
necessary.
The town of Hinckley, numbering alone one thousand inhabitants
some say fifteen hundred or even more; Sandstone, numbering
about three hundred; Mission Creek, about one hundred; Brook
Park (or Pokegama), about one hundred, and Partridge, about one
hundred, have been devastated, and all, save Partridge, totally de-
stroyed by the fire. This makes, in round numbers, about two thou-
sand people who have been burned out. From this two thousand
about four hundred it may be more, it may be less are to be de-
ducted, who are dead. Thus sixteen hundred people are left desti-
tute. From this is to be deducted about one hundred and fifty oper-
atives, who will probably never return, but drift variously away. This
leaves about fourteen hundred and fifty people who will need care,
food, clothing and various assistance.
The fire was so terrific and so awfully swift in its destructive
energy, that there are, considering the number of dead, comparatively
few injured people. In the hospital at Pine City, nine were lying
severely, and some dangerously burned. There was also quite a
large number of persons, whose burns having been dressed by the
physicians, have gone from their care, exactly how many, it is as yet
impossible to find out. It is estimated that at least ninety-five per
cent, of the burned-out are nearly or entirely destitute. As nearly
as can be estimated, about eight or nine hundred destitute people
have been and will be dependent upon the depot of supplies and sev-
ice at Pine City. Some of these are single men and operatives, who
will have to be fed for a time, supplied with clothing, and given trans-
portation to some other points. There are no sufferers now known
to be at any of the places struck by the fire. All have been removed
to Pine City, to Superior or to Dulutli.
It is possible that the searching parties, who today are scouring
thoroughly the entire neighborhood of the places smitten by the
fire, may discover other sufferers not dead, but injured. It is prob-
able that other dead bodies will be thus discovered. We find the
organization at Pine City well in hand, and most efficiently working.
346
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 347
Indeed, too much praise cannot be bestowed upon the way in which
the organization at Pine City has grasped this great calamity, to
manage it, to help and soothe the sufferers. This organization is as
follows: There is a general relief committee composed of citizens
of Pine City, Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Stillwater. Under this gen-
eral committee are, thoroughly equipped and in complete order, the
following subcommittees :
First. An executive committee composed of Air. James Hurley,
a prominent merchant; Air. Hodge, county auditor, and Air. Breck-
inridge, the secretary of this committee, all of Pine City.
Second. A committee on registration, of which Mr. H. H. Hart,
the president of corrections and charities of the state, is the efficient
chairman. Hr. Hart has had cards printed on which, filling out the
approximate blanks, is accurately registered, everything about each
applicant, and thus fraudulent applications are abundantly guarded
against
Third. A committee on burials composed of Air. J. G. Lonnely
of St. Paul, Air. H. I. Davis of Hinckley, Alessrs. A. G. Perkins, John
W. Hunt, and Frank Webber of Pine City. This committee is care-
fully and swiftly attending to the burial of the dead, and have already
nearly completed their sad task.
Fourth. A commissary committee of which Air. F. A. Hodge of
Pine City is chairman. This commissary committee is feeding the
persons to whom meal tickets are issued by the registration com-
mittee, drawing its supplies on requisition from the warehouse of
supplies a church, the use of which was tendered for the purpose.
In this warehouse all supplies which have as yet been sent, have
been deposited, and accurate account is taken and kept of them.
Fifth. A committee on care of the sick, in whose charge is the
hospital.
Sixth. A financial committee, of which Air. Albert Pennington,
a well known merchant of Pine City, is chairman. This committee
consists of five, including Air. Alannix, as representing Alinneapolis,
and Air. Dan H. Aloore, as representing St. Paul. The duty of this
committee is to audit all bills and to order the payment of the same
by the treasurer.
Seventh. A general treasurer, Air. Fred Hodge, a gentleman of
wealth and position in Pine City. To Air. Hodge all money con-
tributions should be sent. It is to be said that his appointment to
this position may, and probably will, cause his withdrawal from serv-
348 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. f
ice on other committees. On the whole, and considering the extent
and suddenness of the calamity, the organization set up at Pine City
is marvelously strong, accurate and in splendid running order.
Eighty tents have been supplied by the state for the use of the
burned-out families and single persons. Fifty of them are pitched
at Pine City, and twenty at Hinckley, for the shelter of those engaged
in burying the dead. Ten we held in reserve to be pitched where
and when they may be needed. These tents we find abundantly
supplied with cots, bedding, blankets, etc. There is immediately
needed, however, a lot of lumber for flooring to the tents. We also
find that Gen. Merrit has sent fifty regulars from Fort Snelling to do
any service which may be needful, and also a hospital steward with
hospital supplies. At the suggestion of Dr. Higbee and other physi-
cians, your committee telegraphed His Honor, Mayor Eustis, to
send for hospital service in Pine City three trained women nurses.
These nurses, together with Dr. Martha Ripley, left for Pine City on
the 10:10 train last night. After the telegram was sent and after
Dr. Ripley and the nurses had started, it was thought on further ex-
amination of Dr. Higbee and other physicians, that since some eight
or possibly nine of the sufferers were so badly burned as to need long
and constant attention, and since, in order to recover, they could
be vastly better cared for should they be taken from the extempor-
ized hospital at Pine City to the permanent and thoroughly furnished
hospitals of Minneapolis, therefore they suggested that these sufferers
be removed to Minneapolis. Your committee sanctioned such re-
moval. Dr. Ripley and the nurses were of great value last night
in relieving wearied attendants upon the sufferers, and will be of
indispensable service today, as these sufferers are transported to their
destination.
It was found that, for the present, there are abundant supplies of
every sort at Pine City. In view of all the above, the following
suggestions seem wise:
First That no further supplies of perishable sort be sent, at least
until there should be direct call for them by the committees at Pine
City.
Second. That in all our future endeavors we co-operate with the
efficient organization already working at Pine City.
Third. That whatever money and supplies may be contributed
hereafter by Minneapolis, be not immediately sent to Pine City or
elsewhere, but be held by the proper persons here in treasury depot,
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 349
to be sent as the committee in Pine City may make requisition for
them.
Fourth. That inasmuch as the surviving sufferers, both injured
and uninjured, have lost in almost every case, their entire clothing,
stores, bedding, etc., the citizens of Minneapolis be asked to con-
tribute such articles, which shall be sent for depot to Mr. Holt, of
the Associated Charities of Minneapolis, who shall be requested to
sort, and, if need be, repair them; and that the committee at Pine
City draw on Mr. Holt for such articles. Here everything in the
shape of clothing will be of use, underwear, outerwear, stockings,
shoes, etc., for men, women and children ; also bedding of every sort.
It is to be remembered that the season for summer wear has nearly
passed, and at the suggestion of Mr. Marchant, whose efficient service
in the helping of the St. Cloud sufferers has made his experience so
valuable in the present case, we think it a good idea for the good
people of Minneapolis to mingle with their gifts of clothing, some
dolls and toys for the burned-out children. Such gifts will help the
children and the wearied mothers also.
Fifth. Let it be remembered that the burned-out sufferers have
lost everything in the shape of stores, kitchen utensils and house fur-
nishings of all kinds; consequently such things as these will be
greatly needed, and % we would suggest the appointment of a special
committee, who shall make depot for such articles and have charge
of them, and keep themselves informed as to special need for these
things, in correspondence with the secretary of the general relief com-
mittee of Pine City, Mr. J. G. Loring of Pine City.
Sixth. That all the churches and other organizations in Min-
neapolis be asked to make offerings for the sufferers next Sunday,
or as near that date as possible. That these offerings be all sent
to Mr. F. G. Winston, the treasurer of the general committee of Min-
neapolis, to be disbursed by him at the call of the committees in
Pine City. It is to be remembered that a very large proportion of
the sufferers have lost everything; that they need to be assisted to
get upon their feet again, and that it is essentially necessary tbat there
be in Minneapolis a sum of money in hand, which can be drawn
upon as the committees in Pine City shall investigate each case, and
indicate the amount of money to be disbursed for the same. It
should be and is, most gladly said by your eommittee, that we found
the St. Paul & Duluth Railroad Company as accommodating as pos-
sible. Xo least suggestion or request was made by us which was.
350
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 351
not instantly seconded and met by the railroad officials at the
earliest minute possible.
CITIZENS' BELIEF ASSOCIATION.
Called to order by Chairman C. A. Pillsbury at 3:30 o'clock p. m.
Mr. Pillsbury stated that he was going away soon and if it were
the desire of the other members, it would be w r ell to close up matters,
and it was so ordered.
The bills from the Northwestern, St. Mary's, and Homeopathic
hospitals were allowed and ordered paid.
On motion by Mr. O. B. Clark, that the funds in the hands of the
treasurer be turned over to the state commission, it was so ordered.
It was the sense of the meeting that a supplementary list of con-
tributors be published.
On motion by Mr. P. B. Winston, Mr. Pillsbury was given a hearty
vote of thanks for the very efficient manner in which Ii3 performed
his duties as chairman.
On motion by Nelson Williams, a medal and a resolution were
ordered sent to the fireman on Engineer Root's train. Adjourned.
At a regular meeting of the Citizens' Relief Association of Min-
neapolis, held October 22nd, 1894, the following resolution was
unanimously passed :
Resolved, That this committee now, at the ending of its service
and final report, tender to the St. Paul & Duluth Railway Company
their heartfelt thanks for many favors and kindnesses shown, and es-
pecially do we thank General Manager Mr. A. B. Plough, and Assis-
tant General Manager Mr. L. S. Miller, for their untiring efforts in
getting the special committees and physicians appointed by the citi-
zens' committee, to Hinckley, there and return; and for their free
transportation of fire sufferers to this city; and the sending of sup-
plies to Pine City, Minnesota; and that a copy of this resolution be
sent to Manager Plough and Assistant General Manager Miller, and
that it be printed in our daily papers.
STATEMENT.
Source.
Attorneys
Book No.
... IO
Cash.
$561 oo
Mdse.
Total.
S^6 1 oo
Wholesale dealers . .
2
2 666 52
? 8?6 c-?
Banks, bankers, etc
?
c 761 8?
6 287 87
Chamber of Commerce
4
2,4Xroo
2 4.^^ OO
Lumbermen .
C^onn
? ficn nn
7 180 ru">
352
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Source.
Book No.
6
Cash.
I2.OO
Mdse.
Total.
I2.0O
I5OOO
I50.0C>
Ag'l implement dealers
General subscriptions. .
12
i and 8
570.50
3H-35
3,721.68
25.00
3,740.73
595-50
3H-35
7,462.41
7
1,288.52
I5O.OO
1 50.00
11
4 60040
5,988.01
Totals
$22,730.93
$3,505.00
$29,976.66
Cash
. .$22,730.93
3.740-73
Merchandise
3,740.73 uncollected.
Total $29,976.66
George D. Holt, the secretary of the Associated Charities of Min-
neapolis since its organization in 1885, was secured by the commis-
sion to represent it and conduct its work of registration and perma-
nent relief at Duluth.
He accompanied the commission and Mayor W. H. Eustis on their
first visit to that city on September seventh, and together with them
looked over the field and remained in charge of the work at that
place until he had named his successor, and was placed by the com-
mission permanently in charge of the relief work at Hinckley and
vicinity.
Mr. Holt's experience in the conduct and management of the fire
relief work connected with the extensive Northeast Minneapolis fire,
occuring in August, 1893, at which one hundred and seventy-five
poor families were rendered homeless in a night, the better fitted him
for the painstaking, arduous and often thankless task of rendering
immediate temporary aid to bonafide and deserving fire sufferers
only, and still help them without fostering dependency to permanent
relief, and final disposition.
THE HOMCEOPATHIC HOSPITAL.
The authorities of this institution took great care of Mrs. Green-
field. It was a wonder to many who knew the seriousness of the in-
juries she had sustained, when it was told that she was recovering.
Only great skill and the most faithful nursing could have brought
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 353
this about. She was, all through her illness, oppressed with the
memory of the sad end of her five dear children, who died before
her eyes, and also with the knowledge of the fact that her faithful and
hard working husband had to begin live anew, having lost his all. It
is a providence to him that his wife is spared to help him in the
future, as in the past.
Mr. Greenfield's conduct all through the eight months' work of
the state commission commended him to it.
Mrs. Greenfield, a victim of the fire north of Hinckley, was brought
to Minneapolis and assigned to the Homeopathic hospital September
4th, 1894. Upon examination of her injuries, it was found that the
burns and wounds covered two-thirds of her entire body, and were
of so serious a nature that the physicians entertained little hope of
saving her life. For five long months she lay unable to help herself
in any way. The burns were so deep and severe that any attempt to
move aggravated the pain and caused bleeding from the large raw
surfaces.
Special care was given her day and night, and at first it was neces-
sary to dress the wounds every four hours with cerates and antisep-
tics. As she improved, the dressing, of course, was done less fre-
quently; much patience was requisite in caring for her, as such ex-
treme suffering of so long standing causes irritability, for which a
patient should not be held responsible.
As recovery advanced she manifested by the many kind things she
said, her gratitude for what had been done in her behalf, and realized
that she had been saved from the very jaws of death.
Dr. Matchen deserves great credit for his skill displayed in the
treatment of this case, as well as for his kindly attendance, for Mrs.
Greenfield was not only the worst burned of all the victims who re-
covered, but naturally the case was of long continuance. It was,
nearly seven months from the date of her entering this hospital
before she was able to leave it. The care given was of the best, and
nothing was spared which could benefit her.
Mrs. Greenfield, in addition to her physical suffering, had the grief
to bear of the loss of five children by the fire ; four daughters and one
son.
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., April 26, 1895.
In answer to your letter, we shall say that two cases of the fire
sufferers were sent to St. Mary's Hospital, -Minneapolis. Mr. Larson
354 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
got well enough to leave the hospital in two weeks. Mrs. Ham-
mond was taken with pneumonia, besides being burned very severely
all over; she is now just able to take care of herself, but not to work.
Yours respectfully,
^ST'-ill JANE FRANCES.
Fully 2,500 people paid admission to hear the concert given by the
Minneapolis Music i an c ' Association in tho Exposition hall yesterday
afternoon, in behalf of the fire sufferers. Long before the doors
opened a 1' rge crowd was ga" % ere at 'hi entrance and was waiting
for the first chance to get the best seats, but on account of the size
of the hall those who came late even were not disappointed in regard
to seats. The crowd was enthusiastic and showed its appreciation by
generous applause, number after number being encored, and the
speeches whi -! were ivrsi .rsed through the program were listened
to with rapt attention, and very often the speaker touched a re-
sponsive chord in the hearts of his audience, and then the applause
was great. The hall was prettily decorated with ferns, the gift of
some of Minneapolis' florists, and everything about the entertainment
was donated by generous Minneapolis people, and apt was the re-
mark which Mayor Eustis made in the course of his remarks, namely,
that he was well pleased with the flavor of Minneapolis giving.
The program from the musical standpoint was one of the finest
which had been given in this city, and the Musicians' Association
may well feel proud of this effort in behalf of charity. The band
was composed of fifty-two pieces, and the selections which it rendered
w-ere of first-class quality; the musicians seemed to be in sympathy
with their work. Rossini's "William Tell" was played with wonder-
ful effect, and the applause which followed showed that the audience
appreciated the effort. The selection from Donizetti's "Lucia" by the
grand opera quartet received a merited recall, and the popular Ma-
sonic quartet's selection also was well received. Mr. Laird's cornet
solo and Frank Danz, Jr.'s, violin solo were features of the program.
Mayor Eustis. in his address, was at his best, and as he related
incidents that occurred in his efforts in behalf of the sufferers, his
hearers were moved to tears; as he told of the deeds of heroism and
of self-sacrifice which have characterized the people in the fire-ridden
district he was interrupted often by the plaudits of the people who
admired bravery. The address of Rev. Father Cleary was along
the line of congratulating the citizens of Minneapolis on" their whole-
hearted generosity. Rev. W. H. Geisweit closed the program by
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 355
thanking those who rendered their services gratis and thus made
the concert yesterday afternoon possible.
The receipts from the concert will foot up to about $1,200, as there
were about 5,000 tickets sold.
During the w : eek, Prof. J. A. Walker, with 200 of his pupils, will
give his "Pageant of Nations," which was so popular at Lake Harriet
this summer, in the Exposition hall. A number of new dances will
be presented, and the proceeds from the entertainments will be de-
voted exclusively to the fire sufferers. Jim Root, the brave engineer,
will tell his experience tomorrow night.
Detailed statement of subscriptions to fire relief fund turned over
to Chairman Winston, of the finance committee, up to this noon,
September I5th; this will undoubtedly be augmented by other re-
turns, such as baseball, theatrical and musical entertainments that
are waiting for complete returns from sale of tickets, etc., before re-
porting. Benefit sales of merchants, etc., will be reported when
heard from. Same as to churches and societies not yet heard from.
So far reported from Bijou Theater, $1,400; People's Theater,
$979.50.
Arcade Investment Company, $25; Altman, Taylor Machine Com-
pany, $25; Ally, A. J., $5; Aultman, C. & Co., $5; Aultman, Miller
& Co., $25 ; Appleton Manufacturing Company, $5 ; Advance
Thresher Company, $25; Arnott & Corbett, $10; Ames, E. B., $5;
Ancient Order Hibernians, Division No. I, $50; Andrew Presby-
terian Church, $22.40; American Loan Association (officials), $63;
Amsden, C. M., $20; Austin, Horace, $10; Allen, J. S. & Co., $10;
Advent Church, $14; Atwater, J. B., $50; Anderson, Dr. J. D., $50;
Allen, J. S., $i ; Ainsworth, C. F., $i ; Ankeny, John J., $i ; Allen,
A. E., $i; Alexander, J. B., $i; Adler, Max & Co., $5; All Saints'
Church, $6; Abbott, J. H. & Co., $5; Adams, J. Q. & Co., $25; An-
drews & Gage, $10; American Express Company (employes), $10.50;
Ainsworth, G. A., $i ; Altman & Co. (clothing), $100; Averill, H. S.,
$i ; Arcana Chapter, O. E. S., $5.
Brown, H. W., $250; Bank of Minneapolis, $125; Beall, George
S., & Co., $10; Bell, D. C., Investment Company, $25; Bauman, J.,
$5; Brown, Haywood Co., $25; Bradbury, George B., & Co., $10;
Bass, G. W., $5; Bemis Bros. Bag Company, $100; Butters, William,
$5; Budd, O. P., Kasota, Minn., $10;' Babcock, C. W., Kasota,
356
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 357
Minn., $25 ; Babcock, Mary K, Kasota, Minn., $5 ; Baily, F. B., $5 ;
Black, Rev. George D., $5; Brick Layer's Union, by Gus Bloom,
$10; Barton, A. B., $5; Bismarck Grove, No. 32, U. A. O. D., $10;
Blodgett, ., $2; Benton, R. C, $10; Barnes, H. E., Jr., $5;
Booth, Wilbur F., $5; Brown, Jalew, 50 cents; Bram, J. A., $5;
Best, E. D., 50 cents; Bladon, James, & Co., $5; B. &. P., $2;
Brown, Dan C, $2; Bogerth, G., $i; Bovey, DeLaittre Lumber
Company, $200; Brown, H. F., $200; Bassett, J. B., & Co., $100;
Backus, 'E. W., & Co., $100; Bailey, L. J., $5; Bison, J. M., $2;
Bealls, W. R., $5; Bucheler, A., $10; Bradney, Joseph, $5 ; Boys, $6;
Barber, D. R. & Son, $20; Brown, W. P., $5; Brooks, Griffith &
Co., $25 ; Bagley, George C., Elevator Company, $25 ; Berger Com-
mission Company, $10; Benton, W. S., $20; Beltz Bros., $10;
Bowen, E. D., $5; Barnes, G. S., & Co., $10; Brundage, Miss Addie,
$10 ; Browning, King & Co. (clothing), $50; Brown, Jonas (liquors),
$25; Bosquit & Co. (beef), $10; Bradley, David, & Co., $25; Bap-
tist Church, Garden City, Minn., $11; Bosch, H. F. W., $15.
Columbian National Bank, $100; City Bank, $125; Carpenter,
H. M., $100; Casey, T. B., $50; Cooley, C. R., $10; Conroy, Ed., $5;
Carter, Rittenberg & Hainlin Company, $35; Cleveland Rubber
Works, $10; Collom, George H., $10; Countryman, L. N., $10;
Cade, E. O., $5; Castle, G. A., $10; Crosby, John, $25; Crosby, Em-
ma, $25; Church of Ascension (Catholic), $40; Clark, J. H., $50;
Chadbourne, C. H., $10; Collins, P. Y., $2; cash, from Guaranty
Loan Building, $41.50; cash, F. D. U., $25; Choate & Merrill, $$_;
Cohen, Emanuel, $25; Cobb & Wheelwright, $10; Cross, W. M., $i ;
Chase, S. A., $5; Chase, C. W., $5; Crawford, F. H., 25 cents;
Crickler, C. H., $i; Cash, S. M. Company, $5; C. C. Company, $5;
C. (W. N.), $i; Chandler, W. B., $2; Chapman, R. M., $5; Cash,
B. C. B., $10 ; Collins, W., $i ; Cappellen, F. W., $5; Clarke, N.
P., & Co., $100; Cash, A., $15; Chief of Police (office), $12; Cudahy
Packing Company, $25; Commons, Bassett & Co., $25; Christian,
L., & Co., $15; Cargill, S. D., $25 ; Chambers, A. G., $10; Central
Elevator Company, The, $25; Christian, George H., $20; Crosby,
C. F., $5; Columbia Elevator Company, $10; Company "B/' First
Regiment, $50: Church & Co., New York City (through G. R. New-
ell & Co.), $125; Columbian Meat Market (beef), $20; City Meat
Market (beef), $20; Crane & Ordway Company, $10; Chowen, Minn.
(citizens of), $15.60; Clarksville, Iowa (citizens of), $22; cash re-
ceived from various persons, $196.10.
358 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Dyer, W. J., & Bros., $25; Dickey, C. N., $10; Dodson, Fisher,
Brockmann Company, $50; Davis, J. M., $5; Davis, A., Sons &
Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, (through George R. Newell & Co.), $25; De-
Land & Co., Fairport, New York, (through George R. Newell &
Co.), $56.52; Dean & Co., $50; Deere & Webber Company, $100;
Deering Harvesting Company, $25; Donaldson, William & Co.,
$200; Diamond Iron Works, $20; De La Barre, William, $10; De-
Land & Co., Fairport, New York, (through Anthony Kelly Com-
pany), $54.20; Dorn, G. F., $10; Decker, W. F., (from Guaranty
Loan Building), $16.50; Decker, W. F., $10; Downs Bros., $10;
DeLand & Co., Fairport, New York, (through Winston, Farring-
ton & Co), $40.90; Davis, F. F., $10; Douglass, George P., $5;
Day bros., $5; De Mille, X. S., $5; Darelius, A. B., $5; Dodge, F.
B., $5; Dorsett, C. W. & M. A., $2; Deschler, H., $5; Dunn, L. A.,
$i; Deacon, Thomas, $i; Dickey, T. S., $i ; Day, J. W., & Co.,
$200; Davis-Hubbard Company, $10; Davigneaux, G., $5; Dun-
woody, May and Ruth, and Ruth Bayless, $2; Dwight, John, &
Co., New York, $125.
Eustis, W. H. $100; Ege, J. H., $25; Electrical Engineering
Company, $10; Elfelt, C. C., $5; Emerson, Talcott & Co., $20;
Elliott, Wyman, $100; Earl Fruit Company, $10; employes of J. W.
Thomas, $i; Emerson & Hall, $25; Edwards, E. J., $10; Euste,
J. B. & F., $5; Elliot, Albert F., $2; Elliot, J. K. & Co., $5; Ele, A.,
$5; Elliot, J. P., $i; Earvington, James, $5; Empire Elevator Com-
pany, $35 ; Engineers' Club of Minneapolis, $i I ; Eintech Lodge,
No. 117, A. O. U. W., $10.
Farmers' & Mechanics' Savings Bank, $250; Ferguson, S. T., $5;
Fisher, R. G., $9; Fieber, Jordon & Co., $5; First Swedish Metho-
dist Church, $9.30; French, George F., $25;. Farm, Stock and Home,
$25; Firkins, O. W., $10; Fanning, N. O., $5; Flour Packers' and
Nailers' Union, $10; Fletcher, George H., Board of Trade, $5;
Firkins, O. W., Jr., Kasota, Minn., $i ; friend, $i ; friend, $i ; Foss
M. E. Church, $15; First Baptist Church, $107.70; Fifth Avenue
Congregational Church, $8.25; Frankhauser, H. F., 25 cents; First
Unitarian Church, $18.61; Fornere, H. D., $3; Flanagan, J. B., $50;
friend, 50 cents; Field, J. W., $5; Fisher, R. G, $8.20; Fraser,
Austin, $10; Freemire, W. A., & Co., $5; Fletcher, Loren, $100;
faculty of University of Minnesota, $31 ; First M. E. Church, $12.80;
First Norwegian Presbyterian Church, $3.50; Father Hennepin
Branch, Catholic Knights of America, $12; Frisk-Turner Company
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 359
(clothing), $50; First Free Baptist Church, $17.76; Fourth Baptist
Church, $8.60; Fife, $5.
Germania Bank, $25; German American Bank, $50; Gillette, Her-
zog Manufacturing Company, $100; Guaranty Loan Barber Shop,
$12; Gilmore, D. M., $5; Gluck, F. P., & Co., $10; Gangelhoff, C.
H., $10; Gamble-Robinson Commission Company, $5; Goodrich,
H. H., $5; Gleason, J. M., $10; Gluck Brewing Company, $100;
Gedney, M. A., Pickling Company, $25; Gluck, Mrs. F., $10; Ger-
man Evangelical Lutheran Church, $7; German Lutheran Church,
Kenyon, Minn., $8.75; G. A. R. S., $i; Grosse, Max H., $5; Grosse,
Julius, $3; Gilman, Julia A., $2; Gee, C. S., $i; Gull River Lumber
Company, $200; Greenleaf & Tenny, $20; Getchell, Daniel, $i ;
Great Western Elevator Company, $25; German Baptist Church,
$11: Gutworth & Drew (beef) $15; Gannon, M., 50 cents; G. (II.
M.), $i;
Hennepin County Savings Bank, $50; Herrick Bros., $25; Hen-
nepin County Medical Society, $100; Harrison, Hugh, $50; Howell,
R. R., & Co'., $5; Hillman Bros., $5; Mooker, Manley Cigar Com-
pany, $25; Hall, A. H., $10 ; Healey & Co., $5; Henry, F. H.
Aryshire, Iowa, $5; Hansen, H., $2; Highland Park Church, $5.02;
Holy Trinity Episcopal Church, $15.52; Hennepin Council, No.
1234, Royal Arcanum, $10; Holm, W. J., $25; Haynes, J. C., $25;
Hale, W. E., $25; Hedderly & McCracken, $5; Haynes, A. E., $2;
Hume & Davis, $5; Hulburd & Clare, $3; Higgins, C. W., $i ;
Hayes, Warren H., $5; Hill, G. S., $i; Hayward, W. W., $3; Har-
low, E. B., $i ; Hall, P. M., $5; Hill, W. S., $100; Hungarian Amer-
ican Club, $8; Humboldt Mill Company, $25; Hanson, Thomas, $5;
Harper, Thayer & Co., $5; Haines, $5; Hennepin M. E. Church,
$54; Hewett, S. M., $5; Hitchcuk, D. L., Gorham, X. H., $25.
Irish- American Bank, $50; Itaska Lumber Company, H. C. Ack-
ley Lumber Company, $300; Ideal Literary Society, $5; Inter-State
Grain Company, $25 ; Interior Elevator Company, $25 ; Immaculate
Conception Church, $80.
Journal, Minneapolis, (subscriptions received by), $744.87; John-
son, J. W., $25 ; Johnson, Albert, $25 ; Johnson, H. C., $5 ; Jamiy,
Semple & Co., $300; Joyslin, J. C., $5; Jacobson, E. D., $5; janitors
and elevator boys of New York Life Building, $9; Jorguson, Clans,
Belgrade, Minn., $i; Journal, Minneapolis, $50; Jamison, W. S.,
Board of Trade, $10; Jackson, A. B., $50; Janson, M. G., 50 cents;
360 MINNESOTA FOUEST FIRES.
Jones, Paul, $i ; Jones, J. A., $i; Jones, Alice, 50 cents; Johnson,
H., $i; Johns, James, & Co., $5; Janny, Sempk & Co. (employes),
$38.50; Jacobson-Milkolas Company, The, $10; Johnson, W. AY.
(car lumber), $50; Jacob Schaeffer Post, G. A. R., $5.
Kirkbridge, Palmer & Co., $10; Kelly, Anthony, & Co., $100;
Kinsel, Lem, $2; Kaiser Wilhelm Lodge, No. 2, Sons of Herman,
$25; Keith, Evans, Thompson & Fairchild, $50; Koon, Whelan &
Bennett, $50; King, Cornelia, $5 ; Kennedy, Elizabeth, $2; King, H.
K., & Co., $10; Kensington, Minn, (citizens of), $25; Keller & Roe-
nisch & Co. (beef), $10; Kennedy Bros., $10; Kitchell, S. R., $25.
Lane, J. S., $5; Linton, A. H., $50; Lund, Erick, $5; Lyman, Eliel
Drug Co., $200; Le Roy, Minn., Citizens of, $46.33; Linsay Bros.,
$50; Lewis & Co., $10; Longfellow, L., & Bros., $10; Linton, S. S.,
& Co., $25; Leonard, Wm. E., $5; Le Roy, Final, New York, $20;
Legg, H. R, Jewelry Co., $20; Lydiard, L. A., $i ; Loaf, W., $i ;
Ladies' Aid Soc., Swedish Lutheran Agustana Church, $25.
Metropolitan Bank, $100; Minnesota Loan & Trust Co., $125;
Minneapolis Trust Co., $125; Minnesota Fire Insurance Co., $100;
Minnetonka Meat and Provision Co., $10; Menzel Foundry Co.,
$10; McDonald Bros., $30; Minneapolis Iron Store Co., $100; Mc-
Millan, Jas., Co., $10 ; McKusick, Copelin Co., $10; Minneapolis
Threshing Machine Co., $25; Milburn & Stoddard Co., $25; Min-
nesota Moline Plow Co., $50; Minneapolis Plow Works, $20; Mor-
rison & Stowbridge, $5; Moffett, J. B., $5; McMillan & Co., $100;
Michener, A. H., $5; Minneapolis Fire Department Relief As-
sociation, $1,000; Morrison, Clinton, $100; Minneapolis Fruit Ex-
change, $100 ; Alinneapolis Brewing Co., $500; Metcalf & Youatt,
Kasota, Minn., $5; Maple Plain, Minn., Citizens of, $15; Martin-
dale, Dr. J. H., $25; Moffett, F. L., $5; McGowan, H. S., Board
of Trade, $i ; Minneapolis Dry Goods Co., $207.15; Milwaukee
Harvester Co., of Minneapolis, $25 ; Montezuma Aztec Council No.
4, $15; Minneapolis Dancing Club, $12; Miimehaha Lodge No. 81,
A. O. U. W., $10; McHale, J. J., $2; Moore, J. G, 25 cents; Mc-
Carthy, Nathaniel, $2; Mooney & Dassett, $2; Mahoney, Stephen,
$5; McAllister, J. C., $i; Moore, H., $i; Moffett, W. Z., $i; Mil-
ler, J. H., $5; Municipal Court Officers, $5; Minnehaha Council R.
A. No. 1160, $25; Mohler, Wm. B., $5; McEnary, J. H., $i; Mc-
Carthy Bros., $10 ; Martin & Wyman, $20; Mcc'ord, T., & Co.,
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 361
$10; Marshall, James, $5; Mayer, C. E., $5; Momaw, The Geo. A.,
Co., $10; Moore Maxfield, $10; Minn. & Western Grain Co., $10;
Morse, Samuel, $15.; Minneapolis Union Elevator Co., $10; Met-
calf, T. C., $5; Minnesota Linseed Oil Works, $20; Milwaukee Har-
vester Co., of Minneapolis, $25; Minneapolis, St. Paul Baseball
Game, $749.46; Minneapolis Musicians' Association, $717.50; Moni-
ter Manufacturing Co., $10; Minneapolis Provision Co., beef, $30;
Morison, W. K., & Co., nails, $25; Martin, John, $50; Morrison, D.,
$100; McDougall, Geo. A., $10; Monarch Elevator Co., $25; Merz,
John, Spencerport, X. Y., $2.27; Merion, Mrs. L. O., Emerson &
Hall, $i.
X. W. National Bank, $500; Nicollet National Bank, $250; Na-
tional Bank of Commerce, $250; Northern Trust Co., $50; New
England Furniture & Carpet Co., $100; Northrup, Braslan & Good-
win Co., $50; North Star Woolen Mills, $25; Newell, Geo. R., &
Co., $300; North Star Boot & Shoe Co., $125; Nott, W. S., & Co.,
$50; Nicholas & Shepard Co., $10; Northwestern Implement &
Wagon Co., $20; Northwestern Miller, $50; North Star Barrel Co.,
$25; Nobody, 50 cents; Xagel, T. W., 50 cents; Nelson, Tenny &
Co., $200; Xorris, W. H., $15; No. 19 Engine House, $14; National
Beef Co., $30; Xicholas & Taylor, $10; X. W. Elevator Co., $25;
Xye, Jenks & Co., $15; X'orthwestern Consolidated Milling Co.,
$100 ; North M. E. Church, Camden Place, $35; Xew York Biscuit
Co., crackers, $25; Xorth Star Woolen Mill, blankets, $25; Xye,
Vv*. G., $5; Nelson, Chas., $i.
Oswald, J. C., & Co., $100 ; Olson & Fjellman, $10; Ostrander,
M. A., Kasota, Minn., $5; Oliver Presbyterian Church, $37.12; Owre,
Lars, $i; Ogden, John, $i ; Osborn, McMillan Elevator Co., $25';
Osborn, E. F., & Co., $5; Olson, S. E., & Co., $402.40; Orquist,
C. G., $i ; Odin Lodge A. O. D., $10.
Plummer, W. A., $5; Peck, O. H, $10; Pond & Hasy Co., $5;
Park Avenue Congregational Church, $38.42; Patterson & Stev-
eson, $50; Preece, J. T., Mercantile Co., $25; Pratt, A. M., & Co.,
$10; Porter Bros. & Co., $10; Potter, E. F., $5; Paris, Murton Co.,
$10; Pillsbury, Mrs. F. C., $25; Pearce, H. C., $2; Perry, J. H., $5;
Pratt, Helen A., $5; Petran, Henry J., $10; Postoffice Employes,
$115; Palace Clothing Co., $25; Pierce, Mrs. Margaret, $5; Phone,
Mr. Chas., $2; Parkhurst, A. G., $3; Powell, Wm., $5; Pope, E. R.,
Board of Trade, $2; Press Club "Old Hoss" Ball Game, $214; Per-
3C2
FOREST FIRES.
kins, John W., $2; Peck, H. X., $5; Pioneer Fuel Co., $50; Purely,
M. D., $i; Parkhurst, M. I., $i; Perry, J. H., $5; Plummer, J. A.,
$i;- Pilgrim Congregational Church, $9; Porter., A. H., $i ; Palmer,
Edna, $4.50; Police, Second Precinct, $27; Police, First Precinct,
$32.50; Plummer, J. G., $10; Powell, H. C, $10; Police, Tliird Pre-
cinct, $37; Police, Fourth Precinct, $30; Police, Fifth Precinct, $19;
Plymouth Lodge No. 79, K. of P., $25; Place, Col. E. B., New York-
City, $100 ; Pillsbury, Washburn, Crosby Flour Mills Co., $500;
Phoenix Mill Co., $20; Poehler, H., $10; Pertig, H. G., $5; Peacock,
J. H., $5; Piper, G. F., $i ; Peavey Elevator Co., $25; Peavey, F. H..
& Co., $100; Periman, D., $5; Park Avenue Congregational Church,
$2; Pettijohn, Eli, Cereal Co., breakfast food, $90; Pratt, Robt.,
$3.60; Pierson, Willie B., 47 cents; Plymouth Junior Christian En-
deavor, $3; Paulle, L., $10.
Quinn, P. G., $i.
Rand, A. T., $125; Rand, A. R., $125; Rees, Julius, $5; Russell,.
Robt. D., $10; Revere Rubber Co., cashier, $25; Ryan, D. E., & Co.,
$10; Rinker & Hoff, $20; Regan Bros.' Employes, $25; Rich, W.
W., $10; Rea, Hubachek & Healy, $10; Reno, R. C., $10; Robothan,
Geo., Board of Trade, $i ; Roberts, H. P., $10; Roensch, Jos., $i;
Russell, T. C., $i; Reg. Publishing Co., $2.50; Reese, C. B., 50 cents;
Redfielf, Wm. W., 25 cents; Robue, Rufus, $i ; Ryan, McKeown
& Co., $5 ; Russell Coffee House, $25 ; Rogers, Airs. W. F., $5.
Security Bank, $500; Swedish American Bank, $100; St. Anthony
Falls Bank, $50; Scandia Bank of Minneapolis, $25; Stewart, L.
M., $100; Segelbaum, S., $10; Stone, Jacob, $5; St. John's Church,
Minnetonka Mills, $6.45; Spink & Keyes, $10; Shea, J. A., & Co.,
$10; Smith, H. S., & Co., $10; Stacy, E. P., & Sons, $10; Swanson
Bros., $5; Snyder, James E., $25; Simmons, H. M., $10; Shattuck
Wood, $20; St. Joseph's Catholic Church, $57.88; St. Boniface
Catholic Church, $35; Silver Lake Congregational Church, $14.10;
St. Paul's Episcopal Church, $28.40; St. Paul's Episcopal Sunday
School, $1.71; Swedish Bros.' Society, $50; Shaw and Gray, $100;
Shaw, Frank W., $25; Savage, Ed., $10; Sumner, E. W., $10; Snyder
Bros., $3; Smith, H. E., $i; Salfinger, John J., $i ; Smith, W. H.,
50 cents; Stone, W. M., $i; Stevens, C. B., $2; Sturzel, E. J., $i;
Simpson, David, $3; Shevlin Carpenter Co., $200; Smith, C. A.,
Lumber Co., $100; Smith & Wyman, $50; Steele, Dr., $5; Shad-
rick, Master Dickey, 40 cents; Simmons, A. G., $5; Security Grain
FOREST FIRES. 3C3
Co., $10; Sowle, C. T., & Sons, $25; Storms, L. E., $5; Swart, J.
G., & Co., $5; Sawyer Grain Co., $5; St. Anthony & Dakota Ele-
vator Co., $25; Strong & Miller, $5; Strong, H., $5; St. Charles
Church, $31.20; Supt, Supervisors & Teachers of Public Schools,
$335.40; South Side Citizens' Meeting held at Emanual Baptist
Church, $95; St. Anthony Falls Masonic Chapter No. 3, $50; So-
ciety Dania, $25; Scandinavian Fire Relief Com., $654.87; St. An-
thony Turn Veren, $25; Sixth Avenue Evangelical Church, $11.40;
Sixth Avenue Evangelical Sunday School, $2.60; St. Benedict So-
ciety, $15; Schuler, F., $6.35; Steuben Lodge Xo. 23, Sons of Her-
man, $10; St. Louis Park, Citizens of, $56; Smeel, C. A., Mgr., $3;
Shiek, Fred, $27.
Tunstead & Moore, $10; Tuttle, Rev. J. H., $5; Thompson, W.
C., $2 ; Twin City Hide & Tallow Co., $5 ; Thomas, A. C., $5 ; Turner,
Howard A., $5; Taussing, S., & Co., $10; Tromanhauser Bros.,
$20; Thompson, John L, $25; Thayer, Samuel, $25; Tribble, Mrs.
M. E., Emerson & Hall, $5; Thame, W. B., $10; Twin City Iron
Works, $25; Todd, J. S., & Co., $5; Treadwell Shoe Co., $4; Tay-
lor, W. X., & Co., $5; Trussell, A. X., $3; Taylor, Xorman, 1.50;
Trade & Labor Council, $10; Third Precinct, $i ; Twin City Rapid
Transit Co., ace. of benefit, $216.40; Taylor, A. B., & Co., $5; Tom-
linson, R. B., & Son, caps, gloves, etc., $25; Times, Minneapolis,
$50.
Union X^ational Bank, $100; Unknown, $5; Unknown, $i; Un-
known, $i; Unknown, $2; U. (R. L.), $i.
Victoria Elevator Co., $10; Van Dusen, Harrington Co., $25;
Yerhoff, J. C., $5; Village & Congregation Church of Robbinsdale,
$49.07; Vine Congregational Church, $7.30; Vetter, Geo., $5; Von
Ende, Aug., $i ; Vose, Z. Pope, $5; Van Dusen, G. W., $100.
Washington Bank, $50; Winston Bros., $250; Wyman, Partridge
& Co., $750; Winston, Farrington & Co., $250; Winecke & Doerr,
$50; Walters & Wagner, $10; Waite, E. F., $5; Williamson, L. B.,
$5; Wilcox, . S., Kasota, Minn., $5; Wedstrand, C. A., $5; Welles,
H. T., $100; \Vilkinson, Rev. \Vm., collection, $10.21; Willard, Chas.
A., $10 ; Wolsey, D. W., 50 cents; Webster, H. G., $i; Willis &
Dunham, $2; Warner, H. L., $i ; Whitney, E. D., 50 cents; Win-
gate, W. S., $2; Wenzin, John, $2; White, M. F., $15; Washburn
Crosby Co., $500; Watson & Co., $10; \Vilson, Geo. S., $5; Welsh
& Son, $5; Wheeler, Carter & Co., $20; Woodworth, E. S., Co.,
364
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 365
$15; Woodward & Co., $25; Whalen & Co., $10; Wagner, D. R.,
& Co., $10 ; Williams, W., $i ; Wyman, Partridge & Co., employes,
$100; Washburn, W. D., $200; Watertown Steam Engine Co., $5;
Wheeler, Geo. E., $5 ; Wheeler, Mrs. Geo. E., $5 ; Washburn, Crosby
& A. B. C. S. D. Mill employes, $340; Winter, R. H., $i; Wolver-
ton, J. A., $i ; Woodman, J. W, $i ; Walker, T. B., $1,000.
Young, Winthrop, $25; Y. M. C. A., $7.50; Yerxa, M. W., $5.
Zonne, A. E. &. F. E., $5.
Total, $27,449.56.
WHITE BEAR.
This is the place in which James Root and Rev. Father Burke
lived. Through White Bear the railways from Minneapolis, St.
Paul and Stillwater, on the St. Paul and Duluth, pass to the burned
district, so the people knew all the news quickly. The report shows
what steps were taken to assist those in need.
As chairman and treasurer of the White Bear Hinckley relief com-
mittee, the undersigned has the honor of submitting the following
report of cash received and disbursed:
Cash received $359 . 50
Cash paid out $342 .41
Cash on hand 17.09 359-5
ALBERT E. QUIXN.
STILLWATER.
Stillwater took special interest in Hinckley, which had been often
said to be a Stillwater town. Ever since the foundation of Hinck-
ley it had been, in more ways than one, tributary to the city on the
St. Croix, which was itself laid out by Mr. McKusick, who took an
active part in the work of relief, and was very energetic in all that
had to do with collecting help for the men, women and children in
Pine county in their awful calamity. Mr. Isaac Staples knew Hinck-
ley well and had been long interested in business with the burned
district in various ways. Judge Nethaway had been, if not in fasts,
in many a feast at Hinckley, had told the people good stories often,
and roused them to better thinking, and higher living by his elo-
quence ; he was a well known man at the Lumber City of Pine county.
When the fire came and laid it waste he was soon on hand to help;
day and night he gave his aid and direction, found the dead and
helped the bereaved, with a tenderness, the recital of which, eight
months after, brought tears to the eyes of many men at a meeting
to open the new town hall.
3G6 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Stillwater shares the honor of duty nobly done, and no story of
work for those who suffered loss by fire in the burnt district would
be complete which did not tell of what its citizens and their com-
mittee did. The Gazette newspaper furnished the writer the report
of what was done, and is the sponsor for its correctness.
Mr. Byron J. Mosier, chairman of the relief committee, and many
others, visited Hinckley and the places to which the help was sent
often, and have kept an intelligent view of all that was being done
and of what needed to be done, from first to last. At the dedica-
tion of the new town hall in Hinckley Judge Xethaway was one of
the speakers, and the following gentlemen represented Stillwater as
delegates: Byron J. Moshier, Hiram T. Kiag, Albert J. Lam-
mers, Nicholas A. Xelson and Judge John C. Xethaway.
J. C. XETHAWAY.
On arriving in St. Paul from the West, Sunday morning, Sep-
tember second, 1894, I first heard of the terrible fire at Hinckley,
and immediately made arrangements to go up to the relief of the
sufferers. I took the first train to White Bear, where I was in
hopes I could get aboard a train going to the relief of the people.
This I was unable to do, and did not leave White Bear until the
relief train arrived from St. Paul. After experiencing a rather wild
ride we arrived at Pine City, where we were met by the local relief
committee, who very briefly laid the condition of affairs before the
party. I continued on to Hinckley, arriving there about 8:30 Sun-
day night, and there beheld sights which would make the strongest
man shudder. The dead were lying about in heaps; mothers still
embracing their babies were burned to a crisp and lying promis-
cuously about upon the ground.
With the aid of lanterns we immediately set about to find and re-
lieve any who might still be living, but sad to say, not a living thing
did we see in our movements about that devastated place. Xot a
living thing greeted the rays of the lanterns, but upon every side
were the dead burned to a crisp; men, women and children; dogs,
cats, cows, horses and fowls all lying where the terrible fire struck
them down.
On Monday morning, through the kindness of Mr. Miller, of the
St. Paul and Duluth Railway Co., I procured a hand car, and load-
ing it with one hundred and fifty loaves of bread, two boxes of
canned meat, some tea, coffee, cups and necessary utensils, and in-
gredients for a good cup of coffee, in company with J. D. Mark-
MIXXESOTA. FOREST FIRES. 367
ham, of Rush City, Joseph Muckenhauser, of White Bear, and three
other gentlemen whose names I am now unable to recall, started
for Sandstone to relieve the people, who, we had been informed,
were sufrring for the want of food. Our route was north on the
St. Paul and Duluth Railway to a station called Miller; thence east
to Sandstone over a branch of the St. Paul and Duluth Railway.
We experienced difficulty in reaching Miller, being compelled to
earn- our load and hand car across several burned culverts and
bridges, and many places in the track w r ere curved, through the ef-
fects of the heat.
When we arrived near Sandstone Junction we met the work train
from Duluth and learned that the people at Sandstone had been
reached and relieved by a party from Duluth, who had come down
the Eastern Minnesota Railroad to a station called Partridge, and
walked from there to Sandstone. I then, in company with two oth-
ers, took a westerly course, carefully examining the country as w r e
proceeded in order to find the dead and living, if any. We had
some bologna sausage and crackers with us; also a tin cup. Space
will not permit a detailed statement of what occurred on that trip;
suffice it to say that we continued on to Grindstone Lake, where
we spent our first night.
The country between Sandstone Junction and Grindstone Lake
was completely burned over, and along our path we found dead
squirrels, rabbits, pleasants, deer and other wild game. The next
morning we worked our way southeasterly, reaching Hinckley the
next night. As an illustration of some of the sights wiiich met our
eyes on that trip, I would speak of one instance in particular. While
working our way west to Grindstone Lake, we came upon the ruins
of a once happy home, the house being completely destroyed. We
immediately set about examining the grounds to find any dead or
living, and upon looking into the cellar we saw a sight that brought
tears to our eyes. Embraced in each other's arms were, as we after-
ward learned, husband and wife, and beside them two other female
bodies and a little baby, with its outstretched arms, protruding
tongue, and agonizing expression, was lying near its mother who,
from all indications, had attempted to save it from the flames by
the aid of a shawl, which, while burned to a crisp, still retained its
character. This is but one of the many horrible sights I saw in
those two day
On mv return to Hincklev I assisted in the burving t)f the dead
3G8 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
and went out with parties to bury where found, or bring in those
who had been found, for burial at the cemetery east of Hinckley.
One case in particular was the finding of the body of John Ross,
who resided in St. Paul.
We found his body about three-quarters of a mile east of Fin-
layson and with the aid of a blanket brought it to Finlayson, there
placed it in a rough box and took it to Hinckley, where it was re-
ceived by friends, and as I learned afterwards, taken to Eau Claire
for burial. I was also with a party who found Air. Rowley's body.
I did not know him and afterwards learned that he was the auditor
of the Duluth and Winnipeg Railroad Company.
I spent twelve days at Hinckley and vicinity and while I would be
willing to again help any in distress and suffering, I nevertheless
hope another such mission does not await me.
Many of the people in Stilhvater had large interests in and around
Hinckley. For many years Pine City and counties adjacent had
lived settlers from this place and as Stillwater is essentially a lum-
bering town, the sympathies of our people were deeply stirred when
news of the disaster came and all was done that was possible in
the circumstances to do for the sufferers.
STILLWATER RELIEF COMMITTEE.
The committee of H. T. King, B. J. Mosier, J. T. Barren, J. J.
Robertson and E. W. Durant, appointed to receive and dispense aid
to the sufferers of the terrible forest fires that swept over the north-
ern part of the state about two months ago, gave a Gazette reporter
the following interesting statement of the contributions and their
disposal:
R. W. Turnbull, 3 cars lumber, $275; R. W. Turnbull, horses,
wagon and harness, $325; Charles Conhaim, clothing, $100; A. G.
Schuttinger, merchandise, $50; Isaac Staples, one car flour, $300;
Schulenburg & Boeckeler, boots and shoes, $50; Stillwater Hardware
Co., hardware, $100; Simonet Brothers, merchandise, $50; Elmore
Lowell, bedding, $25; F. Garen, furniture, $50; Standard Clothing
Co., merchandise, $25; Alex Johnson, merchandise, $50; L. Alben-
berg, and L. Albenburg & Co., merchandise, $175; R. M. Coles, two
cows, $60; J. O. Holen & Co., groceries, $25; F. W. Schendel, shoes,
$10 ; Thoe. Jassoy & Sons, blankets, $35; Zeigler Brothers, merchan-
dise, $25. Total, $1,730.
Aside from this the citizens contributed clothing amounting to at
MISXESOTA FOREST FIRES. 369
least $1,500 in value. This was a generous and spontaneous out-
pouring from every part of the city. Oak Park and South Stillwater,
and was indeed timely. Added to this, the cash subscriptions,
amounting to $2,697.20, makes up the very respectable total of about
$5,930, contributed by Stilhvater and vicinity. Following is a state-
ment of the cash contributions:
A. T. Jenks, $50; M. H. Bromley, $i; T. Donovan, $10; W. J.
Stein, $3; F. W. Durant, $50; Aug. Booth, $3; Otis Staples, $25;
Aug. Booren, $10; Peter Jourdain, $5; D. L. Burlingham, $5; J.
J. Robertson, $10; Chas. Swanson, $3; Stilhvater Mfg. Co., $10;
Andrew Severson, $5; Joseph Wolf, $50; Merrill & Clark, $10; Frank
Withrow, $5; E. C. Holmes, $5; Jas. G. Foley, $5; F. J. R. Aiple,.
$25; Samuel Bloomer, $15; McSweeney, $3; Chas. A. Staples, $5;:
E. Flynn, $5; Jerry Collins, $5; Fred Wolf, $2; A. W. Pattee, $5;
Jas. Hanson, $5; First Xat. Bank, $100; Ed. O'Brien, $5; F. B.
Yates, $10; J. B. Taft, $5; C. M. McCluer, $25; J. C Zietler, $2;
R. H. Bronson, $10; Adolph Peterson, $i ; H. H. Gillen, $5; J. H.
Pratt, $i; David Swank, $5; A. C. Hafer, $2; John O. Anderson,
$10; C. E. Connors, $2; M. Johnson, $5; John Marcusen, $i; Schul-
enberg & B. L. Co., $50; James Roney, $20; Linder & Erickson, $3;,
Milage of South Stillvvater, $50; John Goodrich, $2; C. O. Burn-
ham, $5; E. N. Swanson, $2; J. B. Xorthey, $2; J. W. Wheeler, $10:.
W. H. Pratt, M. D., $2; F. W. McGray, $5; John Thornquist, $2;
Mrs. F. W. McGray, $2; Levi Thompson, $2; J. F. Burke, $10; J.
M. Schafer, $3; L. H. Seymour, $5; Ed. Masterman, $i; D. J. Sul-
livan, $5; Mart McPheters, $5; Phil. McDermott, $10; Gust Ekblad,
$i; A. Marty, $5; Chas. Heitman, $5; Lady from Maine by Mrs.
Treat, $2; A. Brocious, $i; Mackinhausen & Lustig, $5; A. G. Tric-
bel, $5; Theo. Jassoy, $10; Hugh McKinsie, $2; East Side L. Co.,
$150; Alb. Drewke, $i; Bronson & Folsom, $50; D. McDermott,
$i; F. W. Gail, $5; Scully & Tracy, $5; Gazette Ptg. Co., $10; Hills-
kotter & Kelm, $2 ; J. A. O'Shaughnessy, $5 ; Fitzgerald & Dyson, $5 ;
C. E. Mosier, $5 ; J. W. Foley, $5 ; O. J. Olson, $2 ; M. L. Murphy, $5 ;
Aug. Loeber, $i ; King Bros., $15 ; Wm. Evans, $i ; B. I. Mosier, $15 ;
Geo. Erickson, $i; J. T. Barron, $5; Frank Swanson, $i ; J. J. Eich-
ten, $15; Paul Hanson, $2; John McKusick, $100; P. J. Stenstrom,
$i; G. W. Smith, $5; B. F. Rice, $i; L. F. Collins, $5; J. P. Han-
son, $2; Myron Shepard, $5; C. W. Merry, $5; St. Croix Drug Co.,
$25; Saul Stein, $i ; M. A. Thon. $5: Peter Blad, $i ; Mulvey &
Carmichael, $100; Wm. Bain, $i ; Herman Apman, $i ; C. H. Browne^
370
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
EDITOR ELMQUIST, RUSH_CITY.
J. THOMPSON, MORA.
B. J. MOSIER.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 371
$5; Ed. Welsch, $i; St. Croix L. Co., $200; Wm. English, $i; Fred
Pennington, $30; Henry Daily, $i; Florence Mill Co., $15; Patrick
Barrett, $i; C. T. Goodrich, $5; Henry Stussi, $i; Jas. Mathews,
$5; George McCharty, $i ; R. W. McGarry, $5; A. J. Collins, $5;
H. Koesters, $5; Elis Bergund, $i ; F. E. Joy & Co., $5; Aug. Peter-
son, $i; B. B. Smith, $3; John Albin, $i; G. H. Sullivan, $5; Alfred
Johnson, $i; J. C. Nethaway, $5; C. D. Anderson, $i; Tozer, Mc-
Clure & Co., $150; Dr. C. B. Marshall, $25; Maurice Clancy, $5;
T. H. Warren, $10; Mrs. Mary Hefti, $i ; Fred Scott, $5; Thos.
J. Welch, $i; F. L. Grace & Co., $5; Thos. Morrisey, $i ; H. L.
Foster, $5; John Erig, $i; P. S. Deragisch, $5; E. G. Foster, $i;
F. Pennington & Co., $20; J. M. Kuhn, $5; J. H. Griffin, $i ; J.
A. McDermott, $5; H. B. Prince, $2; Minn. Mercantile Co., $150;
J. M. Lupien, $i ; Mrs. Jno. Hoy, $5; Hershey Lumber Co., $50;
Rudolph Lehmicke, $5; Jno. Roney, $i ; Joseph Schupp, $20; Mrs.
Jno. Roney, $i ; H. Heisel & Co., $25; Nat Roney, $i ; H. J. Mc-
Kusick, $10; Alfred Roney, $i ; Leonard Clark, $10; Herb Roney,
$i; Alex. Richard, $5; Pat Murphy, $5; C. Henningsen, $10; A. H.
Drake, $i ; Albert Wilson, $5; J. A. Deragisch, $5; A. M. Phoenix,
$3; Abner Brotherton, $3; John G. Nelson, $15; Wm. H. Hewitt,
$5 ; D. A. Blakeney, $5 ; W. L. Prince, $2 ; W. F. Mackey, $5 ; Mrs.
P. Lund, $i; Eagle Hardware Co., $5; A. P. Nehring, $i ; Fr. Frey-
nieller, $i ; R. S. Davis, $5; X. A. McKay, $5; Wm. Sauntry, $200;
P. Laviolett, $i ; F. Kirchoff, $3; A. Parson, $i; A. T. Lindholm,
$5; Third Ward Committee, $5; E. Grant, $5; McLaughlin & Kilty,
$5; D. A. Masterman, $i ; Geo. A. Lammers, $5; J. Ceaser, $5; John
O'Brien, $25; A. Rhorbach, $15; H. Voligny, $5; E. A. Phinney,
$3; A. J. Holm, $3; Oak Park Citizens, $89.45; Thos. Dunn, $1.50;
C. H. Cannon, $2.50; A. R. Campbell, 50 cents; Wm. Foley, 50
cents ; John Wallis, 50 cents ; P. C. Peterson, 50 cents ; Fritz Gramenz,
50 cents; Richard Doran, 50 cents; James Blay, 50 cents; Arthur
W. Doran, 50 cents; Nels Danelson, 50 cents; John Peterson, 25
cents; Anton Carlson, 30 cents; John Munson, 50 cents; Mrs. Geo.
Flinchy, 35 cents; Mrs. M. Dawson, 50 cents; Mrs. Andrew Kearney,
80 cents; A. E. Howden, 50 cents; F. Holmblad, 10 cents; D. Holm-
blad, 25 cents; Mrs. Mcllree, 50 cents; Scandia by F. J. Lake, $67.20.
Total, $2,697.20.
The committee has sent the following relief: One car flour to
Pine City; five cars of lumber, three to Hinckley, one to North
Branch, and one to Pokegama; one car of provisions, regular lum-
372 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
bermen's supplies, to Pine City; one carload of clothing- to Pine
City; one car of hardware, stoves, etc., for Hinckley and Pokegama;
team, harness and wagon to Nels Henry at Hinckley; 55 sacks of
flour to Hinckley and Pine City, and $375 in cash to those two
places.
The committee still has remaining on hand about $1,300 which
will be expended along during the fall and winter to relieve the
fire sufferers. Every few days moneys or provisions are sent up
and their distribution, superintended by Messrs. Fred Hodge and
James Hurley, of Pine City, and Dug Greeley, of Hinckley, brings
joy to many a disheartened settler who is trying to rebuild his little
home. These three gentlemen just named have the thanks of our
local committee for their kind assistance and painstaking efforts to
see that only deserving ones, the sufferers themselves, should re-
ceive the aid.
Of our local committee and its work too much cannot be said.
Messrs. King, Mosier, Barren, Robertson and Durant have devoted
a large portion of their time the past seven or eight weeks to this
charitable work and paying their own traveling expenses ungrudg-
ingly.
They carried into the work an enthusiasm that was infectious and
which had much to do with the very satisfactory success attending
their labors.
MANKATO.
T* HIS town is situated on the Minnesota river and is blessed with
many great advantages, which a bountiful God has placed with-
in its reach. It is in the southern part of the state, adjacent to it is
one of the best farming countries in the West and one which has felt
the hard times in 1893 four and five less, perhaps, than any part of
America. Mankato is a great railway center and has a State Normal
School and is well supplied with public institutions for the culti-
vation of man in his higher nature. The annexed report has been
sent to me which tells part of what was done. No doubt much was
given in other ways, of which no record has been furnished.
On the news of the terrible conflagration in the northern part of
the state last summer the sympathy of the Mankatoans was stirred
to have a hand in the relief. It was accomplished as follows:
Fully fifty business men met at the Board of Trade in response
to a public call of all citizens. Judge Daniel Buck, of the supreme
court, was elected chairman, County Attorney Benedict, secretary.
The result of the meeting was the appointment of the following com-
mittee to canvass the city for funds: Geo. H. Clark, E. M. Pope,
Robert Roberts, W. N. Pyymat, Rev. Lee W. Beattie, J. C. Theo,
J. F. Fowler, John Klein, Leo Laurn, J. C. Noe, Dr. J. W. An-
drews, F. R. Coughlan. The following resolution offered by Sen-
ator Barr was passed:
Resolved, That the committee be authorized to solicit aid in
money, provisions and other articles, and that the committee have
full power to use each subscription in any direction or channel they
think proper.
The committee met the next day. Rev. Lee W. Beattie was
elected chairman, Geo. H. Clark secretary and treasurer. A gen-
eral call was issued to all residents of this county and vicinity to
make such donations as they could. Various churches were asked
to take up a collection. Every church responded with a laudable
373
374
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 375
contribution. The committee was subdivided into smaller commit-
tees to canvass each ward of the city, and the normal and public
schools. By this systematic way everyone was given an opportunity
to contribute. Through a committee of ladies, an additional amount
was raised by an entertainment in the Opera House, under the man-
agement of Mesdames L. P. Hunt and W. Craig. The young peo-
ple from St. Clair township gave a benefit sending in twenty dollars
as the proceeds.
The total amount received was as follows:
Church collection and city canvass $ 866. 13
Farmers, cash 8.03
Farmers, wheat sold by committee J 7- 2 3
Ladies of St. Clair 20.00
Opera House benefit 120.00
Total $1,031.38
R. D. Hubbard forty sacks of flour, other parties supplies of lard,
flour, clothing, furniture to quite an extent.
The state committee notifying us they needed lumber, pork and
flour and all other articles that could be turned into cash were sent
to it. The old clothing and furniture was disposed of to the city
relief societies, the committee not being able to use them. With
some of this a large quantity of pork was procured and shipped to
Hinckley. All the amount was four hundred dollars and was sent
to the treasurer of the committee. The four hundred dollars was
retained for the following purpose: The committee was requested
to take an unfortunate widow and two children, whose husband and
father had fallen a victim to the flames. They were Mrs. Strum and
two children, one four years old and the other two. Mrs. Strum
is a Swede and was, with her children, placed by the committee un-
der the charge of a special committee of Robert Roberts and Mrs-
dames Klein and Crowly, who secured a comfortable suite of rooms
on Fourth street, where she has been carefully provided for with
all the necessaries of life. The committee's idea is to open the way
in the spring for Mrs. Struni to become self supporting.
376
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
HENRY IRVING.
LEGISLATION.
ST. PAUL, MINN., April t. 1895.
Dear Sir: Hon. Mr. Mallette requested me to give you some in-
formation with reference to the legislation for the relief of the fire
sufferers.
At the opening of the session a special committee was appointed,
consisting of Hon. J. T. Wyman, Hon. F. A. Hodge, Hon. J. Q.
Cronkhite, together with Hon. O. O. Holman, H. R. Mallette, Hon.
A. J. Anderson, Hon. C. F. Staples.
At the opening of the session Hon. J. T. Wyman introduced a bill
into the senate appropriating $20,000 for the purpose of reimbursing
the members of the State Relief Commission for $15,000 advanced
by them for the further purpose of affording temporary relief until
the legislature should decide what, if anything, further should be
done. This bill passed both houses of the legislature and was signed
by the governor.
The joint committee of both houses visited the burned district on
April 2nd, 1895, and upon their return submitted the following re-
port:
REPORTS OF SELECT COMMITTEES.
By unanimous consent Mr. Wyman, from the select committee on
fire relief, submitted the following report and recommendations:
To the Senate of the State of Minnesota:
The joint committee of the Senate and the House of Representa-
tives appointed to investigate the condition of the sufferers by forest
fires in Pine and adjacent counties and report what further relief,
if any, needed, would report as follows:
Your committee finds that the Minnesota State Commission for
the relief of fire sufferers has, up to April 2, 1895, received the fol-
lowing contributions, to be expended under its direction:
378 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
Cash donations from foreign countries $11,600.00
Cash donations from United States, except
Minnesota I4>7 : J 1 9
Cash donations from Minnesota 7* 776 -45
Total cash donations .$97,087.64 $ 97,087 . 64
Proceeds of sales of building material, etc 2,027 2 4
Appropriations by Legislature, drawn Janu-
uary 28, 1895 20,000 . oo
Total cash receipts $119,114.88
Lumber, etc. donated 10,700.00
Clothing donated 25,000 .00
Free railroad transportation (estimated) .... 13,000.00
Total receipts $167,814.88
The disbursements of the commission up to April 2, 1895, were
as follows:
Allowance to individual fire sufferers $ 23,204.61
Cost of 215 buildings erected 35,322.38
Outfittings 22,238 .61
Temporary relief 14,848.42
Miscellaneous disbursements 4,073.20
Unclassified disbursements since January i,
1895 10,782.86
Administration expenses; salaries of agents
clerks, storekeepers, warehouse employes,
and expenses of delivery teams from Sep-
tember 5, 1894, to April 2, 1895 6,41 1.51
Total cash disbursements $116,881 .59 $116,881 .59
Lumber, etc., donated 10,700.00
Clothing donated, handled through ware-
houses in St. Paul, Hinckley, Sandstone
and Duluth 25,000.00
Free railroad transportation obtained by
the commissioners for fire sufferers, esti-
mated 13,000.00
Total relief rendered by the commission. . .. $165,581 .59
April 2, 1895, " $2,233.29
February i3th, 1895, the Hon. Mr. Ferris introduced a bill for
an act to furnish grass seed for the benefit of the sufferers by forest
fires, and appropriating $15,000 for that purpose. This bill was dulv
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 379
passed March I4th, 1895, an( ^ tlie seecl was furnished in accordance
with the provision of the act. The amount appropriated to the sev-
eral counties was as follows:
Pine $4,615.00
Morrison 2,754.00
Mille Lacs i,374-
Todd 1,383.00
Crow Wing 806.00
Cass 398.00
Aitkin 1,226.00
Carlton 679.00
Becker 180.00
Wadena 347-QO
Kanebec 860.00
Otter Tail 300.00
Benton 78.00
Total T $15.000.00
In the general appropriation bill there was included an amount of
$10,000 for the further assistance of fire sufferers, for the purchase of
seed potatoes, seed corn, and other necessary relief.
Yours truly,
H. H.'HART,
Secretary State Commission.
Your committee visited the towns of Sandstone, Hinckley, Pokeg-
ama, Mora and Milaca, and so far as possible conferred with the
local authorities and relief committees in those towns, and also with
many of the fire sufferers, and all seem to unite in the statement that
further help is needed for the people in the burned district in the
way of farming utensils and seeds for spring sowing, especially pota-
toes and garden seeds.
By request of the Minnesota State Commission for the relief of fire
sufferers your committee edited the commission's accounts and
found them correctly kept, and also found that the funds committed
to its care had been wisely applied to the needs of the people.
The work of the commission has up to this date been, done well.
The cost of administration up to April 2, 1895, being only 3 9-10 per
cent, of the receipts, which your committee regards as a very small
percentage of cost, taking into consideration the amount of work per-
formed covering a period of five months. It will be necessary for
380 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
LADY DONALD A. SMITH.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 381
the commission to continue its work until the first of May, and there-
after people in the afflicted districts should be left to their own re-
sources.
In view of the work yet to be performed by the commission to re-
lieve the wants of the fire sufferers and to supply seeds for spring
sowing, farming- utensils, etc., your committee would recommend
that a further appropriation of ten thousand dollars ($10,000) be
inserted in the general appropriation bill for the relief of the sufferers
by forest fires in Pine and adjacent counties, said appropriation to
be payable to the order of the chairman of the Minnesota State Com-
mission for the relief of the fire sufferers.
Respectfully submitted,
"j. T. WYMAN,
FRED A. HODGE,
J. Q. CROXKHITE,
On the part of the Senate.
O. O. HOLMAX,
H. R. MALLETTE,
AUG. J. AXDERSOX,
C. F. STAPLES,
On the part of the House of Representatives.
BILL TO FURNISH GRASS SEED FOR DISTRIBUTION.
Section I. That the sum of fifteen thousand ($15,000) dollars, be,
and the same is hereby appropriated out of any moneys in the state
treasury, not otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of this act
Sec. 2. It is hereby made the duty of the county auditors of the
counties afflicted by forest fires, in the state of Minnesota, wherein
the grass and meadows were partially or wholly destroyed by forest
fires in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-four (1894),
to give notice before the tenth (loth) day of March, one thousand
eight hundred and ninety-five (1895), to the respective town clerks
of the several towns in said counties, requiring them to post notices-
immediately in at least three of the most public places in each town,
notifying all persons wishing to avail themselves of the benefits of
this act, to meet at the town clerk's office and file with the said tow r n
clerk on or before the 25th day of March, one thousand eight hun-
dred and ninety-five (1895), an application duly subscribed and sworn
to by the applicant before said town clerk or other officer author-
ized to administer oath ; provided, that in districts not organized into
382 MINNESOTA FOREST FIREZ.
towns, the said county auditor shall cause such notice to be posted in
such unorganized district at such places as he shall deem neces-
sary.
And, provided further, that the notice herein provided for shall
also be published one week prior to the 25th day of March, 1895, in
the official paper of said county.
Sec. 3. The application provided for in the preceding section shall
contain a true statement of the number of acres of meadow owned or
controlled by such applicant upon which the grass and grassroots were
destroyed by said forest fires during the season of 1894; and how many
acres of said medow said applicant intends and desires to re-seed dur-
ing the season of 1895.
Such application shall further state the amount of hay harvested
from said meadow annually, prior to the year of 1894, and the
amount and kind of grass seed necessary to re-seed said meadow
and the amount that said applicant desires to obtain from the state
under the provisions of this act, and that said applicant has not
procured and is not able to procure the necessary grass to re-seed
said meadows so desired to be re-seeded, and that he desires said
grass seed for no other purpose whatever, and that he will not sell or
otherwise dispose of the same or any part thereof.
Said application shall also contain a full and true description of all
real and personal property owned by the applicant and the incum-
brances, if any, thereon; and a full description by government sub-
divisions of the lands upon which the applicant intends to sow said
grass seed.
Sec. 4. The town clerk of each town shall, on or before the 25th
day of March, 1895, forward all applications made before him to said
county auditor of his county, who shall file the same in his office, and
all applications by persons residing in any unorganized district shall,
on or before the 25th day of March, 1895, file said application in the
office of said county auditor.
All applications filed in any county auditor's office, under the pro-
visions of this act, shall be open to public inspection, and no ap-
plication shall be considered by the board provided for in section
five of this act, except such as have been duly made and filed within
the time and manner hereinbefore provided for.
Sec. 5. The board of county commissioners of each county where
the provisions of this act are applicable shall be and are hereby con-
stituted and appointed a board of examination and adjustment of t'.vj
MINNESOTA. FOBEST FIRES. 383
applications for grass seed under this act, and it shall be the duty of
said board to meet at the county auditor's office on the first Monday
in April, 1895, to examine and consider the applications that shall
have been filed under the provisions of this act, and to determine who
are entitled to the benefits herein provided for and the amount oi
moneys to which each applicant is entitled. And said board shall,
within ten days thereafter, forward to the governor of the state of
Minnesota, a statement giving the number of applicants; the name
of such applicant; the number of acres of meadow upon which the
grass and grass roots were destroyed by said forest fires in the
said year 1894; the number of acres said applicant desires to re-
seed; and the amount and kind of grass seed necessary to seed
the same; and the amount of money necessary to purchase such
seed. Such statement shall comprise and include only such applica-
tions as have been approved by said board and shall be signed by
the chairman of said board of county commissioners and attested by
the auditor of said county; provided, no applicant shall be allowed
an amount exceeding the sum of fifty ($50) dollars.
Sec. 6. The governor upon receipt of the statement from such
counties, \vho shall file them with him within the time specified in
this act, if the same shall not exceed in the aggregate the sum hereby
appropriated for such purpose, shall apportion and distribute the
amounts called for to the several counties from which applications
have been received, but if the amounts applied for shall exceed in the
aggregate the amount herein appropriated for such purpose, then
the governor shall apportion and distribute the sum to the
counties applying pro rata in proportion to the amounts called for
by said counties respectively, as shown by said statement of the
county auditor thereof, and thereupon the governor shall inform
each county auditor of the amount so apportioned to his county,
and shall authorize the board of county commissioner to purchase
grass seeds of the kinds necessary to the amount so apportioned and
cause the same to be distributed to the applicants in said county, who
are entitled to receive the same under the provisions of this act.
It shall be a misdemeanor for any county commissioner or other
officer charged with any duty under this act, to make any gain or
profit from any transaction growing out of or connected with the
operation of this act.
Sec. 7. Immediately upon receiving notice from the governor of
the amount apportioned to their county, the board of county com-
384 XIXNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
missioners shall meet at the county auditor's office and re-adjust the
application in their county, if necessary, for the grass seed, and ap-
portion the amount that has been allowed to the county, among
the applicants approved by the said board pro rata in proportion to
the amount required by each, if there shall not be sufficient grass
seed to supply all in full, provided that after all approved applications
for said grass seed in any county are supplied, if there be a surplus
the same shall be sold by direction of the board of county commis-
sioners and the sum received therefor shall be turned over to the
county treasurer who shall give his receipt therefor and the same shall
be placed on file in the office of the county auditor and the said
sum so received by said treasurer shall be by him paid over to the
state treasurer who shall receipt for the same to the said county
treasurer, and said sum so received by the said state treasurer shall
be placed to the credit of the general fund of this state.
Sec. 8. The county auditor of each county shall, as soon as the
board of county commissioners shall have performed the duty pre-
scribed in the preceding section, issue to each applicant an order di-
rected to the person who shall be designated by the board of county
commissioners to distribute such grass seed for the number of bush-
els and kind of grass seed to which each applicant shall be entitled,
and upon presentation of the same to the person so designated to dis
tribute such grass seed, he shall deliver to said applicant the amount
and kind of grass seed named in such orders. And such county
auditor shall keep a record in a book kept for that purpose to be
provided at the expense of the county, of the names to whom such
orders have been issued, and the amount and kind of grass seed
specified in such order.
Sec. 9. Any person or persons who shall, contrary to the pro-
visions of this act, sell, transfer, take or carry away, or in any manner
dispose of the grass seed or any part thereof, furnished by the state
as provided in this act, or who shall use any of said grass seed for
any other purpose than of seeding his meadow, shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof, before any justice of the
peace, having jurisdiction, shall pay a fine of not less than ten dollars
nor more than one hundred dollars, or be imprisoned in the county
jail for a term of not exceeding ninety days.
Sec. 10. The provisions of this act shall apply only to actual bona
fide residents of the county affected thereby.
Sec. II. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after
its passage.
CORRESPONDENCE.
'THE following letters are merely inserted to show something' of
the character of the work devolving upon the commission, and
represents fairly the hundreds received of like nature:
I note your letter requesting information as to aid given people
at Sandstone.
If you will send us a list of the people whom you have on the
ground there, and of others as fast as they come in, we will send you
complete information as to what has been done for them by this
office. Yours truly,
H. H. HART,
I wish to acknowledge receipt of your favor of October i8th, en-
closing copy of a letter under that date to Hon. Charles A. Pillsbury,
of Minneapolis, giving an outline of your work and the progress
that had been made up to that time. I am very glad to know that
at that date you were in fairly good shape, and I trust that the
progress which has been made since then has been so good that
you can now look forward to at least the beginning of the end of
your work so far as the commission is concerned. As the season is
progressing it is a satisfaction to know that these poor people are
beginning to be sheltered in their homes and that they will be pro-
tected from the rude blasts of the coming winter.
Very truly yours,
N. G. NORTON.
Would you be kind enough to inform me, if possible, if the mem-
bers of a family by the name of Ekstrom were among those who per-
ished in the recent fire at Hinckley. The family consisted of Andrew
and Maren Ekstrom, husband and wife, and a son, Gustav, who was
about eighteen years of age. This inquiry comes from a daughter
of the old folks, who lives in Norway. She has had several letters
386 MINNESOTA FOREST FIXES.
SIR DONALD SMITH, K. C. B.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 387
returned, and therefore she fears that they were among the unfor-
tunate. Kindly try to ascertain what has become of those people,
and very much oblige, Yours very truly,
E. H. 'KOBE,
,<ie have pleasure in informing you there is no such name as
Ekstrom on the death list, nor is it on the list of fire sufferers.
Truly yours,
CH. ARVOLD.
I write you to make inquiry about feeding young stock and horses
that was saved from the fire of September ist, 1894. Please let me
know as soon as possible and oblige.
E. C. BUEL,
In behalf of the Presbyterian Church of this place we take the
liberty of addressing you, hoping the commission, through you, will
be able to afford us help in building a church. At time of fire we
had a nice church, and being close to the w r oods, we were unable
to get insurance, consequently it was a total loss, and having lost
all our own property we can not do much towards building. At
the present time we are short $400, or a little more, of completing
building. Xow, if you can help us, say $300, I think we can raise
balance from outside friends. We are very truly yours,
J. S. LYXDS, Trustee.
M. BULLIS, Trustee.
GEORGE WILKES. Trustee.
ANGUS GUNN, Deacon.
I appeal to you for help. We have had a great deal of help but
we can not cultivate our land without a team and implements to
work with a:;J seed to sow. We thought with five cows that we
would be able to get along without more help, but it takes prettv
near all the milk money to feed the cows and horse. The horse we
have for the keeping this winter. I shall lose it in plowing time. 1
do not know what to do unless you help us to make a payment on a
team. I shall have to quit selling milk, and my husband is not able
to do hard work. We have to build fences and I shall have to hire
help, and am unable to pay for it. We did not get any breaking done
last fall. Mr. Miller has dropped us long ago and, our supply is all
gone except flour. I am willing and able to work, but with all my
efforts I cannot feed and clothe them as they should be. I have four
388 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
young children and a crippled husband to work for. I drive every
morning to town, four miles and one-half, with the milk and leave
my baby, one year old, at home. Respectfully yours,
LOUISE C. BILADOE.
I am in receipt of your letter of March 9th inclosing petition from
Gilbert, Morrison county, and will take immediate steps to look into
the matter.
The state commission some time ago gave temporary relief to the
fire sufferers in Morrison county, and the funds at their disposal will
not admit of their giving any considerable additional relief. I ho'je.
however, that we may be able to give them necessary relief in the line
of seed. H. H. HART.
WINTKROP, MIN.IN., Sept. 4, 1894.
Gov. KNUTE NELSON:
I wired you today to "Draw on me for one hundred dollars, as
token of partial sympathy for the fire sufferers. Pledge same amount
from Glencoe." Yours truly,
S. H. REED.
LAKEFIELD, MINN., Oct. 24, 1894.
MR. KENNETH CLARK, ST. PAUL:
You will find enclosed an order for ten dollars ($10) which is sent
to you for the relief of the "fire sufferers." The pupils, not the teach-
ers, of the Lakefield school, set on foot the idea of having an enter-
tainment for the benefit of the fire sufferers, and as they could not
find a more worthy cause, the teachers have helped as far as possible
in the entertainment. The sum is small, and yet it is not, for a
village of this size, but we hope it will benefit some one.
MISS FLORA GALBREATH, Principal.
MEDALIA, Oct. 23, 1C94.
MR. PiLLSBURY:
\Ye have a large lot of bedding ready for the "fire sufferers." Will
you please tell me whom to send it to for distribution ?
Very respectful Iv,
'MRS. WILLIAM BROWX.
GRAND RAPIDS, MICH., Oct. 12, 1894.
KENNETH CLARK, ESQ.:
I enclose a draft on Chicago for two hundred dollars for the "Re-
lief of Fire Sufferers'" fund. This is contributed by the Misses
Isabella C. Wood and Lorraine F. Wood, daughters of the late Ran-
som E. Wood, of this citv, and who now reside in Europe.
Yours truly, J. F. BAARS, Cashier.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 389
APPLETON, MINN., Sept. 4, 1894.
MR. C. A. PILLSBURY:
Enclosed please find check for $25 to add to the relief fund for
the Hinckley suft'erers. It is small, but well meant.
Yours truly,
A/K. PEDUM.
SMATTUCK SCHOOL, FARIEAULT, MINN., Sept. 13, 1894.
MR. IONNETH CLARI':
I have just returned from Chicago, and find the enclosed letter
frcm a manufacturing company in Virginia, from which we purchase
o; cadet cloth. The piece of goods has also arrived and I send it to
your address by the United States Express. I am sure it will gratify
my merchant if his gift is acknowledged from your office. With
admiration for the noble work you and your associates are doing for
their sufferings, I am Yours very truly,
JAMES DOBBIN.
CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA., Sept, 5, 1894.
REV. JAMES DOBBIN:
The terrible loss of life and suffering, resulting from the fires in a
portion of your state, appeals to our sympathies most earnestly, and
as clothing will be needed, we decide to send a piece of goods for
the benefit of the homeless survivors. Casting around for some one
to send it to, in the absence of any suggestion in the telegrams about
the fires as to who is chairman of the relief committee, I conclude to
forward to you, with the request that you will see that it reaches its
proper destination, and oblige. Most truly yours,
H. C. MARCHENT, President
CANNON FALLS, MINN., Sept. 5, 1894.
I have just wired you, "Draw on village of Cannon Falls, dona-
tions of village and citizens, three hundred and fifty dollars ($350).
More will follow." We hope to send some more within a few days.
Very truly,
DR. H. E. COX LEY, Mayor. CLIFF W. GRESS, Cashier.
CHICAGO, Sept. 6, 1894.
With sympathy for the sufferers by the great fire in the state of
Minnesota, I send the amount of the enclosed check.
Yours truly,
(Check $100.) J. H. M'YICKER,
President of McVicker's Theater Company.
CARLISLE, ARK., Sept. 8, 1894.
Enclosed please find Pacific Express order for $6.75 (six dollars
390
MLNNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MRS. ELIZA TOWERS AND SON.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 301
and seventy-five cents), sent by citizens of our little village to help
relieve suffering of the unfortunates at Hinckley. Not being able
to find out names of chairman of relief committees, we send this
to you, knowing that it will be applied to uses for which it is sent,
as soon as though sent to relief committee. Our villages is small,
but we send our little mite, and ask God's blessing on your unfortu-
nate people. Yours truly,
T. H. CUSHIXG,
C. H. OSBORN.
OMAHA, NEB., Sept. 8, 1894.
Please accept the enclosed two dollars for the use of the fire suffer-
ers and oblige.
MR. AND AIRS. E. BOYD.
Los ANGELES, CAL., Sept. 9, 1S94.
In reading the "Los Angeles Times" I saw your name mentioned.
It was in reference to your going to Sandstone to look over the
burnt district to see what help was needed. My heart goes out in
sympathy with those sorrowing ones in those towns where the fires
have occurred, and how I wish I had plenty of money to send to you,
to us-e for these needy ones. Enclosed you will find postoffice order
for $5. It is small, I know, but it will help a little.
Kindly yours,
MISS MARY CONSIDINE,
Pasadena, California.
CANNON FALLS, MINN., Sept. 10, 1894.
I ship you today by the Minneapolis & St. Louis Railway two
boxes of clothing for fire sufferers, and more will follow in a day
or two. I had no means of knowing how to ship, further than direct
to you. We have raised about $450 in cash besides clothing.
S. S. LEWIS,
Chairman Relief Committee.
SAUK CENTER, MINN., Sept. 11, 1894.
Advise me where to ship bedding and clothing for sufferers.
P. LAMB.
FAIRFAX, MINN., Sept. to, 1894.
Enclosed please find draft for sixty-five dollars and thirty-five
cents, forty dollars and thirty cents of which was given by private
subscriptions, and twenty-five out of village treasury, to be given to
302 MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
the dear people who are suffering from the recent fire. Praying thai
God may bless the small donation to them, and also encourage others
to do the same, they have our prayers and sympathy. Please send
me a receipt for the same.
Yours on behalf of the citizens of Fairfax,
REV. E. WILLIAMS.
MANKATO, MINN., Sept. 11, 1894.
Enclosed please find draft for one hundred and forty dollars from
the ladies of Mankato, for the fire sufferers of Hinckley. A ben-
efit entertainment given last night, of which the ladies had charge,
raised the above amount. We send this right to you, and trust it
may relieve some poor soul in distress and need. We know of no
better committee to send it to.
Yours very respectfully,
MRS. W.' B. CRAIG.
Chairman of Committee.
BYRON, MINN., Sept. 11, 1884.
Yesterday I presented to my congregation the claims of the fire
sufferers, and asked them to give an offering, which they cheerfully
did. Enclosed you will find my check for $30 as a contribution from
the congregation of the Byron Methodist Church.
Please acknowledge. Sincerely,
REV. W. E. KING, Pastor.
OWATONNA, Sept. 14, 1894.
I have this day deposited, subject to your order, one hundred and
forty-five dollars ($145) to be used for the relief of sufferers at Hinck-
ley. We should be glad if this could be used for home building. I
also hold, subject to your order, one car of merchandise, flour and
furniture. Please advise me. Very truly,
JAMES A. CHAMBERLAIN.
WAHPETON, N. D., Sept. 15, 1894.
I take pleasure in sending you herewith on behalf of Turn Yerein
Norwaerts and the citizens of Wahpeton, draft No. 17,326, of $103.85,
for the relief of the Minnesota fire sufferers. The above amount rep-
resents the net proceeds realized at a "Relief Ball," held under the
auspices of the members of the Turn Yerein Xonvaerts, for the Min-
nesota fi/e sufferers. Respectfully yours,
CHARLES G. BADE.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 393
ELBOW LAKE, MINN., Sept. 17, 1894.
The Ladies' Aid Society, of the Presbyterian Church of this place,
"have packed a box of clothing, bedding, etc., for the fire sufferers of
Hinckley. As treasurer of the relief committee, we would like to
have some information as to the place of sending, and to whom it
may be addressed. The box is in readiness, and will be sent imme-
diately upon receipt of information.
Yours, in the interest of the afflicted,
MRS. JAMES GODWARD,
President Ladies' Aid Society.
VERINON CENTER, MNN,, Sept. 18, 1894.
The W. C. T. U., of Vernon Center, ship you today ten sacks of
flour, one sack potatoes, one sack beans, one sack corn, six sacks,
two boxes and one parcel of bedding and clothing, and inclose within
this $8.50 check, which we trust you may receive in good order, and
would like it to have been a much more liberal contribution.
Respectfully,
MRS. JEXNIE R. BABCOCK.
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., Sept. 20, 1894.
Herewith find account siles of ^ Martin & Wyman, together with
their check, duly indorsed, calling for $478.10, same being proceeds
of sale of care Xo. 17,128, received from the citizens of Warren, Mar-
shall County Minnesota, for the benefit of the sufferers caused by the
late fire at Hinckley and vicinity, for which you will kindly sign the
enclosed receipt and duplicate, and return same to this office, and
much oblige. Yours truly,
C.'M. AMSDEN.
"Philadelphia, Sept. 5, 1894. As mayor of Philadelphia arid chair-
man of the citizens' permanent relief committee, I beg to convey to
you the sympathy of this community with your people for the great
loss of life and property occasioned by the terrible forest fires, and to
request that you advise me as to the exact condition of aflairs in that
afflicted district, what relief is being given, and whether assistance is
needed from sources outside of your state.
"EDWIN S. STUART,
Mayor of Philadelphia."
The same telegram was sent to Hon. George W. Peck, governor cf
Wisconsin.
394
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
mm*
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 395
LONDON, ENGLAND, Sept. 4, 1894.
Deeply sympathize with sufferers by fire and am sending- you today
five thousand dollars for their relief.
DONALD SMITH.
LEMSFORD, ENGLAND, Sept. 6, 1894.
Have cabled Turnbull to send five thousand dollars in aid of relief
fund. MOUNT-STEPHEN.
LONDON, ENGLAND, Sept. 6, 1894.
My wife sends you today one thousand dollars for relief fund.
SMITH.
Bank of Montreal.
MONTREAL, Sept. 7, 1894.
Will you kindly make over the enclosed check for $500 to the com-
mittee, as a contribution towards the relief of those who have so
sadly suffered in the recent fires in Minnesota.
Yours sincerely,
R. B. ANGUS.
LETTER FROM POET LOXGFELLOW'S SISTER.
CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
DEAR MR. WILKINSON:
Your letter has been received. I hasten to send you check en-
closed for $100, which I hope will aid you in your church building
in the fire district. The fires have been terrible in your midst.
Wishing you continued happiness and prosperity in your blessed
work, I am Cordially yours,
MARY L. GREENLEAF.
MONTREAL, May 7, 1895.
I greatly regret that there has been so much delay in sending you
the photographs of my husband and myself you kindly desire to
have, but I had no photograph of myself in the house, and it is only
within these few days back I have recovered sufficiently from a severe
illness to be able to sit for one. They are forwarded by this mail,
and I trust will still be in time for your purpose. It is hardly neces-
sary I should say to you how glad we were to have had it in our
power to contribute somewhat to the fund for the relief of the suffer-
ers from fire in Minnesota, whose condition was heart-rending. We
know how sympathetic our good friends Mr. and Airs. J. J. Hill at
all times are, and that their efforts and generous kindness in the par-
ticular case to which you refer should have been exerted to the fullest
39G MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
extent is only what we, and all who have the privilege of their ac-
quaintance would have expected of them.
Thanking you much for your kind consideration, believe me to
be, my dear sir, Very sincerely yours,
ISABELLA S. SMITH.
Dear Brother: I am glad to hear of the good work you are doing
for the fire sufferers. You can use $250 I have had sent from a
friend in the East. Only need must be considered; we must do our
best to assist all sorts and conditions of men. Truly yours,
H. B. WHIPPLE.
Bishop of Minnesota.
ADVENTURES.
'THE Hinckley fire, like all other great scourges, brought to light
* the true nature of men and women who seek to make calamity a
means of gain. There were persons who sought to obtain relief
at different places and here and there those who tried hard to make
people think that they, before the fire, had been very well off,
in fact "fixed in a way that left nothing to be desired!" All of which
their neighbors never knew and which they themselves never told
the county assessor. There were w T ell-to-do people, about
whose circumstances there could be no doubt, who felt that they
should be dealt with according to what they had lost. "I want my
share," said one; "divide up and I shall be satisfied; I lost twenty
times as much as Smith lost." Such a method would have left the
homeless in destitution. There was no possible plan of making up
every man's loss; to do so would have taken millions of dollars.
The man who lost least, who had a family and stayed at his old
home, got relatively most.
Then there appeared the festive tramp who had been in the fire,
came near being burnt up and was begging his way "to home, back
East." One such got a good suit in Minneapolis, but came to a
full stop when he, one fine morning, called upon a gentleman who
was on the citizens' committee, told his story and was informed that
if he were a real fire sufferer, he should be sent to his intended des-
tination when asked to come to headquarters he had another en-
gagement!
The ladies of the houses to which men like this came had read
through blinding tears the sad stories of hair breadth escapes, and
the tenderest emotions of their souls were moved and they were not
afraid to express their interest in the woe begone tales such men
could tell. "Were you in the fire?" "Yes, m'am; I lived two miles
and a half above Hinckley. Lost my sister an' cousin an' a young-
lady as I was to have made my wife. All gone! I as was in a
398 MINNESOTA. FOREST FJPES.
good place at work on a farm with Mr. Anderson, as is now dead,
an' his wife in the hospital, have to beg to get back to my folks back
East." To his friend round the corner: "This will give us both
a cigar and something to drink. I tell you as this fire racket works
well!"
One man asked aid who had eleven hundred dollars in the bank.
One man came and said to Mr. Pillsbury: "I should think you
would not keep such people as K., who is not very respectable, never
had a good character." Mr. Pillsbury said: 'T suppose these peo-
ple were in the fire, lost all they had and are penniless and home-
less?" "Yes, of course." "Well," said he, "this money was not
all given by saints. Much of it was given by those who do not
call themselves over religious. We shall ask no questions on such
matters; we shall try to see that all have a place in which to live
and that they have enough to eat, and clothes suitable to wear."
Right minded folks will see the wisdom of this plan.
Then there \vere men who passed through the fire who desired to
have it thought they played a noble part, when men who were with
them know that nature had not designed to make them prominent in
the annals of courage. There was here and there a professional
man or a tradesman, whose desire for cash got the better of his
generous instincts, not to say sense of justice; but such was the
exception. The cases where the adventurer and swindler got an ad-
vantage or made gain are few and unimportant, scarcely worth a
name or place in this work except to show that selfishness will
work, even when sadness is at its saddest.
WHAT CORPORATIONS DID.
''T HE work of the state commission and of all the committees was
-*- greatly helped by the splendid generosity of the corporations
which had interests in the regions over which the fire passed. From
the start the aid was prompt and given in a jnost cheerful spirit. In
looking at this fact another must also be kept in view. The corpo-
rations were the heaviest losers. The St. Paul and Duluth Railway
had buildings to erect and permanent way to repair for a distance of
twenty miles. They put; in more than twenty-two thousand ties
under the rails, and of course, had to replace all the steel rails
warped and otherwise damaged by fire. They had one train burnt
so that nothing was left of value. They had the loss of much traffic
for a time and paid the wages of all persons who in their employ
sustained damage. There is no such thing as covering all this by
insurance. The Great Northern Railway had thirty miles of track
to repair and the Kettle river bridge to build anew. This bridge is
more than three hundred feet long and a hundred and forty feet
high. Timber suitable for many parts of this work was not on hand
in Duluth at the time of the fire, but was being cut. In a few
hours three hundred men were put to work on the bridge. It
took them nine days to get it ready for service. They worked
every possible hour, night and day. The master mechanic, Air.
Whyte, the master carpenter, Mr. Finlayson, and General Man-
ager Mr. Farrington kept vigilant oversight of what was being done.
Mr. S. Hill and Mr. J. J. Hill from time to time overlooked the work.
The intention was to make a better bridge than the one burned ever
was and the result justifies the design. The road repaired, wherever
possible, was ballasted with stone from the quarries at Sandstone.
It is intended to use this material all along the line so as to jive
durability and prevent dust. These two railways had to employ a
small army of men for a long time and the mathematical precision
with which the whole work was done was the admiration of all who
400
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
9
fe
FREDERICK WEVERHAUSER.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 401
saw it. The telegraph connections being repaired at a very early
stage in the reconstructive work, gave means of communication with
all parts of the railway systems. The wires could be tapped at any
place and messages sent for men or material and thus time and labor
were saved. It was in scenes like these when to railway officials
every moment was of value, when a thousand things pressed for
prompt attention that the heads of these corporations gave ready ear
and whole souled help to the needs of those who had lived along
their line and carried goods and people free; in fact all who were
in the fire, their relatives who went to visit and friends who went to
help them from September to November tenth, 1894. To this they
added large gifts, as the report of the state commission shows
The telegraph companies also joined the noble throng of those
who desired to assist, and sent messages of all kinds free.
When it is recorded that the man who had only a dollar was
ready to share it and the poor farmer who nad little, to di-
vide it, and the newsboy to give ot his gain and the rich man
of his plenty, we also must tell that corporations, which are often
abused and said to have no souls, in this great holocaust behaved as
if they were all soul. The following resolutions were sent to Presi-
dent Samuel Hill, of the Eastern division of the Great Northern
road, and A. B. Plough, general manager of the St. Paul and Du-
luth road.
Dear Sir: The Minnesota State Relief Commission has now prac-
tically completed its work and I am instructed to extend to you in
behalf of the commission their hearty thanks for the numerous cour-
tesies which they received at your hands, all of which are warmly
appreciated.
I am instructed also to emphasize what has already been said by
the commission in its printed report by way of appreciation of the
generosity and promptness with which you have responded to every
call on behalf of the sufferers by forest fires. In the opinion of the
commission nothing has been left undone by your company which
could possibly have been expected of them under the circumstances.
By your promptness and energy you have prevented much sufrring
and have added largely to the ability of those people to provide for
themselves.
By order of the State Commission. H. H. HART,
Secy, of the Commission.
402 MINNESOTA IVREST FIRES.
The telegraph companies also received well merited thanks and
the resolution printed below shows in what form they were sent to* I.
AIcMichael, Esq., superintendent of the Western Union and to Harry
A. Tuttle, Esq., general superintendent North American Telegraph
Company.
Dear Sir: The Minnesota State Relief Commission has now prac-
tically completed its work, and I am instructed to express to you
their grateful appreciation of the generosity of your company in ex-
tending the free use of the lines to the commission. This privilege
greatly facilitated the work of the commission and enabled them to
operate much more efficiently and promptly than they otherwise
could have done. I am, dear sir,
Yours respectfully, H. H. HART,
Secy. State Relief Commission.
WISCONSIN.
The year 1894 will be lo remembered in this state for its terrible
forest fires. Not since the Pesthigo fires have there been such de-
vastation. The intense heat and the scarcity of rain made the forests
almost like a kiln, so that when once fire began it was always most
difficult and often impossible to keep it in check. The experience
gained by woodsmen and lumber men make them experts in dealing
with forest fires, but all the knowledge and the resources of man
availed little against the sweeping flames which are driven like an
overwhelming flood by a strong wind, leaving destruction and death
in its path. All the summer fire had been feared and looked for
and by the end of July it was said not less than five million dollars
worth of pine had been destroyed. The attention of men engaged
in the lumber business had been called to this fact in the Mississippi
Valley Lumberman of August third, by Mr. F. F. Morgan, who
asked the help of that able paper to treat the matter exhaustively.
All was done which w r as possible to do, but disaster was not averted.
Fire extended over a space nearly fifty miles wide. The northern
line of fire being about forty miles south of Superior. Hamlets
and villages and towns shared the same fate. Phillips was burned
on the 27th of July and the loss of life would have been great had
it not been for the fact that the inhabitants escaped by taking train
to the places of safety in which they found refuge. The John R.
Davis Lumber Company was heaviest loser in a commercial point
of view. Mr. B. W. Davis, manager, deserves great credit for his
brave help of all in sorrow who could be assisted. Governor Peck
wired help and on Sunday morning reached Phillips with a train and
provisions of all kinds. He soon saw how appalling the damage
was. Phillips, which with its more than two thousand people, looked
bright and fair on Friday morning, on the Sunday after lay a heap
of ruins. The people burned out at Phillips received help from Mer-
rill, Rhinelander, Wausau, Portage, Superior, High Bridge, Mellen,
404
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 405
Stevens Point, Chicago, Milwaukee, Eau Claire, Fond du Lac. The
E. P. AUis Company of Milwaukee, sent $100. Major Up-
ham came with a committee from Marshfield and brought .several cars
loaded with provisions, which w^ere very welcome to the homeless
people. The dead, twelve in number, rest in peace in the midst of
scenes which were so familiar to them. A switch engine took 20
cars full of people twelve miles out of danger.
Mason, a small town on the Omaha road in Bayfield county, was
also the scene of a destructive fire Friday night. The plant of the
\Yhite River Lumber Company, a Weyerhauser interest, managed by
John A. Humbird, was entirely destroyed. The loss included the
saw mill, planing mill, about 33,000,000 feet of lumber and many
houses of employes. The loss to the White River Lumber Com-
pany is about $700,000, on which there was insurance to the amount
of $300,000. Mr. Humbird was seen in St. Paul and, in conversa-
tion with a representative of The Lumberman, stated that every-
thing was so dry and was cleaned up so thoroughly that there was
hardly a bushel of ashes left. The camps of the Thompson Lumber
Company at White River were also burned, as was also the head-
quarters of the Ashland Lumber Company at Shores Landing.
The Barronett Lumber Company's entire plant was consumed.
W. R. Bourne, of the Barronett Lumber Company, who went up to
that town immediately upon receipt of the news of the fire, tele-
graphed the Milwaukee Sentinal that his company loses about 13,-
000,000 feet of lumber and O. A. Ritan & Co., about 1,000,000 at
Grand Lake. The Barronett Lumber Company also lost its mill,
thirty-five houses and all its property at Barronett, valued at about
$275,000. The insurance on the lumber was $115,000. About fifty
familes lost everything. O. A. Ritan Co.'s loss is estimated at $45,.-
ooo. The Barronett Lumber Company's mill was insured to the
amount of $20,000 making its total insurance $135,000. The loss
at Barronett is estimated to be about as follows :
13,500,000 feet of lumber $130,000
13,000,000 shingles 19,000
4,000,000 lath 5,ooo
Saw mill 40,000
Planing mill 10,000
Boarding house 3,000
Three barns 2.000
Dry sheds and shingle sheds 1,000
404
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 407
Store, office and stock 13,000
Windmill 2,000
Blacksmith and carpenter shop and tools 10,000
Logging 1 sleds 7,000
Dwelling houses 20,000
200 tons hay and sheds 3,000
10,000 cords of slabs 10,000
Total loss $275,000
In view of the fact that the state is paying for the cultivation of
trees; that the lumber supply is being so rapidly lessened, while
the increase of demand has grown five times in less than sixty-five
years; that forest fires raged in the great timber states of Michi-
gan, Wisconsin and Minnesota; that towns like Mason, Phillips, Bar-
ronett, Shell Lake and many others in Wisconsin either were de-
stroyed or came so near being destroyed as to terrify all the country
round, is it not wise to take in hand seriously the question of preven-
tion of fires? It does not sound much to hear that Shell Lake, for
instance, suffered by fire, but it means much to the men who owned
mills, to men who worked in them and cut sixteen "million feet of
lumber in a year, to Mrs. Towers, who had to drag her son out of
bed when he had typhoid fever, to take him to the barn and throw
water upon him, while she also saw her home burn to the ground.
These forest fires mean that wake will be followed by want. It is
of no use for the lumbermen to look for efficient help from legisla-
tures in the prevention of disastrous fires. The men engaged in the
cutting and sale of timber could raise a fund of five thousand dollars
a year by giving twenty dollars each and the raihvays give trans-
portation to a man, who could do more to prevent fires than has
ever been yet done. As long as all kinds of refuse is left and the
forests are unenclosed and every man can do in them pretty much
as he will, we shall in dry seasons have calamity. Calamity which
will move the very souls of men of all classes and in all lands. In
the reports of relief we see this set forth. Henry Irving sends $500
to the fire sufferers, which it appears was not required in Wisconsin.
Lord Mountstephen, of London, sends $5,000 to Minnesota, and
Sir Donald Alex Smith and Lady Smith send six thousand dollars.
Poor newsboys give of their cents. All this is more than noble, but
we should see to it that the possibility of such need never again rises,
if this can be.
408
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
CONTENTS.
Preface 5
Introductory 9
Miramichi Fire 1 1
Mission Creek 20
Brook Park 25
Hinckley 45
Sandstone 71
Partridge 100
Death List '. 103
Xo. 4 Train Limited 127
Root's Experience 1 29
Statement of F. B. Daugherty 137
Statement of W. H. Beades
G. C. Dunlap's Experience 151
Judge S. Smith Describes the Fire 155
Root's Testimonial 1 59
Heroic J. Blair 161
Conductor Powers 165
Engineer Best Speaks 166
Fireman Ford Writes 1 73
Geo. S. Cole Tells What he Saw 176
Conductor Campbell Reports 177
E. Barry's Description 179
Brakeman Freeman 183
Fireman Thistle 186
Heroes Remembered
Pine City 189
Rush City 211
Duluth 233
St. Cloud '. . 265
Mora ... 277
Superior 289
What Duluth People Did 297
Two Harbors 317
Report of St. Paul Relief Committee 321
Mankato 373
Legislation 377
Correspondence 385
Adventures 397
What Corporations Did 399
Wisconsin 403
Report of State Commission 413
ILLUSTRATIONS AND PHOTOGRAPHS.
Rev. Wm. Wilkinson i
Photos, Governor Nelson 8
Wreck of Saw Mill 22
Pond and Bridge, Brook Park 26
Dr. Kelsey, and Aid. De Leo 30
Before the Fire 34
J. D. Markham 4
New Hinckley 44
Gravel Pit 4 6
Rev P. Knudsen and wife 50
Great Northern Round House 54
Best and Ford 5 8
Seeking the Dead 62
Photos 66
Photos of trainmen 72
Quarry at Sandstone 7^
Proto of Rev. A. Ryan, D. C. L So
Kettle River ." 82
Photos 84
Rev. E. Anderson 90
Ruins 94
Quarry Store 98
Rev. Prof. Poole, M. A 100
The Lovell Family 114
Unknown Dead 1 16
Father Burke, M. A 126
James Root 1 30
Root's Engine 134
Photos 138
Blair and Broady 140
Barry and Powers 144
Barry's Engine 148
Cowan and Holt 152
Clearing the Tracks 156
Best's Engine ... 160
Sandstone Bridge 164
Father Lawler 168
Finding the Dead 1 72
410
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES. 411
The Effect of Heat 174
St. Mary's Hospital 178
St Luke''s Hospital 180
J. S. Howard 184
Williams and Beach 188
Captain Harris and Judge Xetheway. 190
Death on the Road 194
A. Berg, Stockholm family 198
C. F. Robel, D. Watson : 200
C. C. Salter, M. A 204
Photos 210
J. F. Stone, J. T. Mannix 214
Photos 220
Bishop Gilbert 224
P. B. Winston 228
Ray Lewis 234
E. "C. Gridley 238
Bishop McGollrick, D. D 242
Photos 246
Photos 250
Photos 254
Photos 260
Col. Graves 264
Mayor Bruckhart , 268
Photos 272
H. H. Hart 276
Bishop Whipple 280
Rev. Father Bejec 284
Mayor Woodward and Mayor Starkweather 288
Rev. J. H. Nason 292
Lord Mount-Stephen . , 296
Mrs. E. M. Bangs 300
Nevers and Leland 304
Tackson and McLean 308
Mrs. A. M. Miller 312
J. J. Hill 316
Mayor Smith 322
Lightner and Benz 326
Peet and Kelly 330
Kenneth Clark 334
W. H. Eustis 340
Miss Kriedt and Mrs. Smith 346
Gjertsen and Hoyt 350
Skunk Lake 356
Gathering the Dead 364
412
MINNESOTA FOREST FIRES.
C. A. PlLLSBURY.
REPORT OF THE STATE COMMISSION.
FOR THE RELIEF OF THE FOREST FIRE SUFFERERS.
To His Excellency, Knute Nelson, Governor of Minnesota:
On Saturday, Sept. i, 1894, occurred one of the .most dreadful cal-
amities which this country has ever seen. Owing to the long pro-
tracted drought, forest fires had prevailed in different localities for
several weeks, but on that day the wind suddenly rose to a tornado,
and a small fire which was burning near Brown's Hill spread with
frightful rapidity, and was carried on the wings of the tornado over
a district covering, probably, from three hundred and fifty to four
hundred square miles. Almost without warning, the fire swept over
the villages of Mission Creek, Hinckley, Pokegama, Sandstone, Fin-
layson and Miller. A furnace blast swept over the fated district
and left behind it absolute devastation. Every building in Hinck-
ley and Sandstone, with one or two unimportant exceptions, was
completely destroyed. Nearly every farmhouse was destroyed, with
barns, crops and supplies, and in most cases, live stock. The material
loss will probably approximate $750,000, in addition to the timber
destroyed, but this is a small matter compared with the dreadful loss
of life. So sudden was the onset of the flames that the people could
only rush from their houses and seek a place of refuge, without even
an effort to save their household goods and personal effects. Four
hundred and eighteen persons, comprising about one-sixth of the
entire population of the burnt district, are known to have perished by
a most frightful death in the flames. A great many families lost one
or more members, and some families were wiped entirely out of ex-
istence. The charred bodies, in most cases unrecognizable,were gath-
ered up and buried by tender hands after the fire.
The full record of the heroic and unselfish endeavors of the people
to rescue one another from threatening death can never be fully
written. Some perished while striving to save the lives of others.
The charred and shriveled hands of others testify to their endeavors
to save their friends. A few cool 'headed men at Hinckley saved
many lives by urging the people to abandon everything and hasten
to the gravel pit. At Pokegama, a little group of people, who lay
stifling in a pool of water, were preserved largely by the efforts of
2 Report of State Commission.
one man who went from one to another, drenching them with water
and encouraging them to hold out through three dreadful hours.
The conduct of the employes of the St. Paul & Duluth and Eastern
Minnesota railways cannot be too highly praised. Engineer Best
and Conductor Powers of the Eastern Minnesota remained stead-
fast at their posts, and made up a train for the rescue of the suf-
ferers, with as much coolness as if they were doing ordinary work,
although they knew that every moment's delay diminished tne
chances of their successful escape. Engineer Root, Fireman John
McGowan, Conductor Thomas Sullivan and Porter John Wesley
Blair of the St. Paul & Duluth road were equally faithful to their
trusts.
N T o less heroic were those unseen and unnoted examples of men
and women in farmhouses and scattered hamlets, w'ho sacrificed
themselves in an effort to preserve the lives of others. "Greater love
hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends."
Before the flames had died away, news of the disaster had spread
abroad. A relief train was seni to Hinckley by the St. Paul & Du-
luth Railroad Company, with a corps of physicians, and the first
party of refugees was brought into Pine City albout 2, o'clock Sun-
day morning, September ist.
The highest praise is due to the citizens of Pine City for the
promptness and efficiency with which they met the emergency. On
Sunday morning, September 2d, without any previous warning,
nearly five hundred refugees poured into Pine City, a village of a
thousand inhabitants. A relief committee was immediately organ-
ized and systematic plans were adopted. When the relief train from
St. Paul, Minneapolis, Stillwater, White Bear and Rush City arrived
at seven o'clock Sunday evening, with blankets, clothing, provisions,
hospital supplies, and a military guard, they found literally nothing
to be done; all of the sufferers had been fed, an eating house had
been established, sleeping quarters had been provided in the court-
house, schoolhouse, and private families, and a hospital had been
organized for the sick. Considering the resources of the village
of Pine City, this was in our judgment the most extraordinary
achievement in the history of this calamity. The local committee
at Pine City continued in charge of the work of relieving and caring
for the fire sufferers at that place until the gth of September, when
they requested the state commission to relieve them of the work, but
continued to assist the commission by their united and individual
counsel and assistance. The Pine City committee received and dis-
bursed $2,522.00, part of which was from local contributions, and part
was sent in to the committee from the outside points. Mr.
James Hurley was chairman of the committee, and Hon. F. A.
Hodge was treasurer. Mr. Albert Pennington acted as storekeep-
er for receiving and distributing supplies, without compensation.
The use of the Seventh Day Adventist Church was generously fur-
nished for a storehouse, and rooms were freely furnished by citi-
zens for storehouses, offices, etc.
-Report of State Commission. 3
About two-thirds of the refugees from the fire were taken to Du-
luth and West Superior. Those who went to Superior were soon
transferred to Duluth, where some twelve hundred people received
at least temporary relief. The action of the people of Duluth was
no less prompt and hearty than that of the people of Pine City.
A relief committee was appointed, and the churches, the benevolent
societies, the Odd Fellows and the Bethel entered heartily into the
work. At the Pilgrim Congregational Church, the news came dur-
ing the morning service that a large ntfmber of survivors were on
their way to Duluth ; the pastor pronounced the benediction forth-
with and the people adjourned to the basement of the church to make
preparations', and at four o'clock they were prepared to feed and
lodge one hundred and twenty refugees. A room was stocked with
clothing, a supply of hot water was obtained from the Spalding House
for bathing purposes, and before night the unexpected guests were
comfortably housed, clothed and cared for. Similar activity and
efficiency were displayed by other churches and organizations. The
local committee established headquarters with a force of clerks for
the investigation and registration of each case. An eating 'house was
established at the armory with accommodations for five hundred
people, and complete arrangements for lodging and caring for these
people were made at the Berkelman Block. A large number was
cared for at the Bethel for a considerable time, and a considerable
number in a building fitted up by the Odd Fellows.
When the State Relief Commission was established, the Duluth
local committee undertook to continue the work of temporary relief
feeding, etc. The citizens of Duluth raised about $13,000 in
cash, besides donations o'f lumber, clothing, provisions, etc., and the
work was efficiently carried on. Employment was found for many
of the fire sufferers in Duluth and vicinity, and nearly two hundred
people were located. The rest were cared for until sudh time as
they were prepared, either to return to their former homes in the
burned district, or to> locate elsewhere. The local committee was
made up of the mayor and the best business men of the city, with
Hon. E. C. Gridley as chairman. These gentlemen gave several
weeks' time freely to the work. The churches of the city, under
the leadership of such clergymen as Bishop James McGolrick, Rev'.
E. M. Ncyes and Rev. Dr. Salter, did noble service.
The suffering by forest fires was not entirely confined to' Pine
county; great damage was caused by fires in Mille Lacs county and,
although no lives were lost, three hundred and seventy people were
sufferers by fire to a greater or less extent. Im Carlton county also,
a considerable number of people suffered serious loss by fires. Local
comn ittees were organized for the relief of these people at St. Cloud,
Cloquet and Mora, all of which did efficient work. A considerable
number of fire sufferers from the burned district were taken to St.
Paul and Minneapolis, where they received most generous care at
the rards of the local committees. The hospital facilities at Pine
City proving inadequate, the more serious cases there were trans-
4: Report of State Commission.
ferred to Minneapolis, where they were cared for by the hospitals,
free of expense.
At about the same time with the Hinckley fire, forest fires occurred
in the vicinity of New York Mills, Otter Tail county, and applications
were subsequently made for assistance by the local relief committee.
As it appeared tliat the need was greater than could be well met by
tli3 local organizations, a limited amount of aid was extended. Ap-
plications for relief were received also from Aitku.. Cass, Crow
Wing, Sherburne, Todd and Wadena counties. Most of these ap-
plications were rejected, for the reason that upon investigation they
did not seem to come within the province of the commission, but in
a few cases of serious suffering, resulting from local forest fires, aid
was extended.
At first it was impracticable to adopt a thorough system; the
refugees came in, destitute of everything, and it was necessary, first
of all, to feed the hungry and cloth the naked. Clothing was given
out freely, according to the evident and immediate needs of the peo-
ple, and all fire sufferers were fed, but after two or three days a sys-
tematic plan of registration was adopted, both in Duluth and Pine
City. A system of issuing clothing and other supplies, on duly
authorized requisitions, was adopted, and an effort was made to
regulate the relief given, according to the needs of the individual.
It soon became apparent, owing to the magnitude of the disaster
and the fact that the sufferers were scattered in so many different
places, that it would be necessary to have some general agency estab -
lished to oversee the work of caring for the sufferers. Accordingly,
Governor Xelson, Sept. 3, 1894, appointed the State Commission
for the relief of fire sufferers, under the following proclamation :
RELIEF PROCLAMATION.
Information of an official character has reached me that the villages
of Hinckley, Sandstone, Mission Creek, and the neighboring towns
and farms have been destroyed by forest fires; that hundreds of
lives have been sacrificed, and suffering and destitution are on every
hand ; that the survivors of this terrible devastation are in immediate
need of food, shelter and everything that makes existence possible.
This appalling disaster appeals to every heart of generous im-
pulses, and the case is one that demands the immediate and liberal
assistance of all good citizens of this state.
Now, Therefore, I, Knute Nelson, governor of the State of Min-
nesota, in view of this awful calamity which has befallen our people,
and by virtue of the authority in me vested, do hereby appeal to all
liberal and public-spirited citizens, to all municipalities and to all
religious and benevolent institutions of this state, to take immediate
action toward securing contributions for the relief of the prevailing
distress.
I hereby appoint the following State Commission, authorized to re-
Report of State Commission 5
ceive contributions of money and supplies, and to spend and dis-
burse the same:
C. A. Pillsbury, of Minneapolis; Kenneth Clark, of St. Paul;
Charles H. Graves, of Duluth, Matthew G. Norton, of Winona,
Hastings H. Hart, of St. Paul.
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused to
be affixed the great seal of the State of Minnesota, at the capitol, in
the city of St. Paul, this 3d day of September, A. D. 1894.
KXUTE NELSON.
F. P. BROWN, Secretary of State.
The commission organized at St. Paul, Sept. 5, 1894, by electing
C. A. Pillsbury, chairman, Kenneth Clark, treasurer, and H. H.
Hart, secretary, and requested Governor Nelson to act as a member
of the commission, to which he consented. It was agreed to pro-
ceed immediately to visit Hinckley, Duluth and Pine City, in order
that the commission might ascertain what was neccessary to 'be done.
The commission visited Duluth, Sept. 6, 1894, where they found the
work of the local committee thoroughly and efficiently organized,
and after a full conference, it was agreed that the Duluth local com-
mittee should continue to care for the immediate wants of all fire
sufferers in Duluth, but that the work of permanent relief should be
delegated to the State Relief Commission. They visited Hinckley
and Pine City, Sept. 7th, and it was agreed there, as in Duluth, that
the local committee should undertake the temporary relief of the
fire sufferers, while the work of permanent relief should be delegated
to the State Commission. On Sept. nth, however, at the request
of the Pine City local committee, the State Commission assumed
charge of both permanent and temporary relief at that place. The
Pine City committee co-operated heartily with the State Commission
at every point, and the most satisfactory relations existed between the
two agencies. As soon as practicable, the headquarters of the com-
mission were removed from Pine City to Hinckley, for convenience
in superintending the work of locating and building for the fire suffer-
ers.
As soon as the news of the disaster spread, supplies of all kinds
began to pour in from every direction in great quantities. Clothing
(new and second hand), bedding and furniture, flour and groceries,
meats, bread, milk, medicines and hospital supplies poured in abun-
dantly. The warehouse facilities at Hinckley and Pine City were
so inadequate that it was necessary to establish depots of supplies at,
Minneapolis and St. Paul, where the donations could be assorted and
classified and forwarded in suitable quantities as needed. The larger
part of the supplies from abroad were sent to St. Paul, where the
work of assorting and classifying them was admirably systemized by
the local committee, thus making the goods much more useful than
they we uld otherwise have been. Careful accounts were kept of the
quantities and estimated values of the goods received. The values
6 Report of State Commission.
of the donated supplies that passed through the St. Paul warehouse
is estimated at $22,000. That this valuation was not fictitious, was
shown by the fact that a dealer in second-hand clothing offered $5,000
for the clothing on hand at one time.
C( nsiderable clothing and other supplies were shipped directly to
Hh.ckley and Pine City. All of the railroad companies and ex-
press companies carried these supplies free of charge.
The popular proverb says that "corporations have no souls," but
an exception must be made in favor of the St. Paul & Duluth Rail-
road Cc mpany and the Eastern Minnesota Railway Company. The
officers and employes of these corporations 'were unremitting in their
efforts to assist the work of relief, and, although making strenuous
efforts to repair the immense damage suffered by the roads and to
restore traffic, they did not hesitate to attend to the transportation of
fire sufferers and supplies for their relief in preference to their own
business. Nothing was left undone that could be done by either of
these companies, and the requests of the commission were honored
in all cases. All of the railroad companies centering in the North-
west, as well as the express companies, furnished free transportation
for supplies. The Western Union Telegraph Company and the
North American Telegraph Company placed their facilities at the
disposal of the commission, without limit and without charge.
The commission would have been glad to make due acknowledg-
ment for all supplies received, but this is impossible, for the reason
that a large proportion of the packages afforded no clue to the names,
or even the residence of the senders, and the goods being carried free,
were not accompanied, in many cases, by the usual freight bill. Even
five carloads of flour were received without indications of the source
from which they came.
In addition to the large quantities of second-hand clothing, etc.,
the following donations were received, which were equivalent to
crsh:
From citizens of Duluth, lumber $775.00
From citizens of Minneapolis, lumber 2,050. CO
From citizens of Winona, lumber 1,200.00
From citizens of St. Paul, lumber 75.00
From citizens of Anaka, lumber 560.00
From citizens of Stillwater, lumber, value estimated 200.00
From Cloquet Lumber Company, lumber 130.00
Total lumber donations $5,590.00
From citizens of Mankato, pork $135.00
From citizens of Shakopee, stoves, flour and pork 550.00
From citizens of Grand Forks, two cars flour 700.00
From citizens of Moorhead and other places not reported, five cars of
flour 1,750.0*
Report of State Commission. 7
From J. M. Danelz, Swift Falls, flour 70.00
From merchants of Minneapolis, new merchandise 855.00
From Potter Palmer, Chicago, new suits of good clothing and blankets.. 300.00
From Montgomery, Ward & 'Co., Chicago, 500 pairs excellent shoes, deliv-
ered by express to each recipient 750.00
From citizens of Atwater, one car wheat, sold and acknowledged
as a cash donation $36959
From citizens of Warren, one car wheat, sold and acknowledged
as a cash donation 478.10
Total (not including wheat) $10,700.00
CASH RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS.
(See Exhibits "A" and "B.")
The treasurer of the commission has received cash as follows:
From foreign countries, England and Canada $11,600.00
From the United States, except Minnesota 14,711.19
From Minnesota 70,147.50
Total cash donations $96,458.69
From sales of lumber and material to fire sufferers 2,018.15
Cash borrowed by the commission 15.0C0.09
Total cash received $113,476.84
Disbursements.
Cash allowances to individual fire sufferers $23,204.61
Building material and labor erecting buildings 35,322.33
Outfitting families clothing, furniture, hardware, etc 22,238.61
Temporary relief provisions, feed, medical attendance, etc 14,848.42
Miscellaneous expenditures labor, cows, plowing, freight, etc 4,073.20
Administration salaries and expenses of agents, clerks and storekeepers. 5,156.73
Total disbursements $104,843.95
leaving in the treasurer's hands December 31, 1894 *8,632.89
*The treasurer has disbursed, since Jan. 1, 1895, $3,926.16, leaving a balance on
hand, Jan. 21, 1895, of $4,706.72.
In addition to the cash received and disbursed by the State Com-
mission, the local committees in different parts of the state have
received and disbursed money for the relief of fire sufferers, as fol-
lows: (See Exhibit "C")
TEMPORARY RELIEF BY LOCAL, COMMITTEES.
Minneapolis, by Hon. Wm. H. Eustis, mayor $3,652.46
St. Paul, temporary relief by the local committee 1,500.01
Pine City, temporary relief, burials, etc., by the local committee 1,372.72
St. Cloud, local committee, relief of sufferers at Milaca and Pot agama . . . 1,254.46
8 Report of State Commission.
Stillwater, local committee, relief extended by local committee direct to
fire sufferers at Hinckley and vicinity 2,800.00
Cloquet, local committee, relief extended to fire sufferers in Carlton
county 989.85
Mora, local committee, relief extended to fire sufferers (no report)
Duluth, local committee, temporary relief, feeding, lodging, clothing, etc. *11,850.00
White Bear, local committee, cash expended (in addition to $196.17, sent to
Pine City) 14G.24
Total
'Approximate estimate, detailed report not yet received.
It appears, therefore, that the total cash disbursements for the re-
lief of the sufferers by fire so far as reported up to December 31,
1894, were $128,409. The entire cash value of the relief extended
may be estimated as follows:
Cash disbursed by the State Relief Commission $104,844
Lumber, flour, etc., handled by the State Commission 10,700
Second-hand clothing, etc., handled through the St. Paul and Minneapolis
warehouses 22,000
Second-hand clothing, etc., shipped direct to Pine City and Hinckley (esti'
mated) 3,000
Total value of the cash and supplies handled by the Stata Commission. $140, 544
Cash disbursed by the local committees at Minneapolis, St. Paul,
Duluth, Pine City, St. Cloud and Stillwater $23,566
Second-hand clothing, etc., distributed by these committees, esti-
mated 7,434
Total value of cash and supplies distributed by local committees 31,000
Estimated value of free transportation furnished by St. Paul &
Duluth Railroad and the Eastern Minnesota Railway $11,200
Estimated value of free transportation furnished by other railroads.. 2,000
Total free transportation $13,200
Grand total estimated value of relief furnished to fire sufferers $184,744
It will be noted that the total administration expenses of the State
Commission in distributing relief to the amount of $140,544 (,iot in-
cluding- railroad transportation which might very properly hai e been
added), was $5,157, which is 3.7 per cent.
The foregoing statement is very far from covering the total value
of the relief extended to the fire sufferers, much of which cannot be
measured in dollars and cents. The personal services of leading
citizens of St. Paul, Minneapolis, Duluth, Pine City, Rush City, St.
Cloud, Mora, Hinckley and New York Mills were freely given; and
Report of State Commission. 9
in some cases for weeks, and even months, without reward. The St
Paul & Duluth Railroad Company gave an extension of time on all
its land contracts, and in addition thereto credited up on the contract
of each purchaser the entire value of the improvements placed upon
his land by the State Commission as a cash payment. The amount
thus allowed to 28 settlers was $3,629. In many cases this credit
wiped out all, or nearly all of the indebtedness under the contract,
leaving the purchaser owner of his land in fee simple. Markham &
Kelsey, at Pokegama, gave an extension of time on all tkeir con-
tracts and donated to each purchaser a small tract of land in fee
simple on which to place his buildings. Laird & Boyle, of Mission
Creek, John D. Ludden, F. A. Hodge, and other land owners, made
liberal concessions to fire sufferers holding contracts with them.
The Western Land Company canceled a mortgage on a widow's lot
in order to give her a clear title to her home. The Sandstone Town-
site Company sold lots to sufferers at $25 each, donating in each
case a piece of ground 48x50 feet in fee simple on which to build.
The Minneapolis Trust Company donated lots to all fire sufferers
who wished to build on the new townsite in Sandstone. About 50
beautiful building lots were so donated. Mr. James J. Hill, besides
a cash donation of $5,000, offered 5,000 acres of land in 4O-acre tracts
to fire sufferers, conditioned only upon actual settlement upon the
land. The Rutledge Lumber Company offered employment to 20
heads of families and the citizens of Rutledge donated the funds to
purchase a lot for each family. These lots were finely located,
within one block of the school-house, and the fire sufferers who went
to Rutledge were generously treated.
In deciding upon the principles to be followed in the work of re-
lief, as indeed in the entire work of the commission, there has been
complete unanimity among the members of the commission. In
every case they have been able to reach a unanimous conclusion.
Having decided upon the general rules to' be followed, the details
of the work have been committed to the agents of the commission,
and individual cases have not usually been considered by the com-
mission except where the agents were in doubt as to what course
should be pursued.
The commission decided, in the first place, that it was not its
province to act as ail insurance agency, or to undertake to make
good the losses of fire sufferers; but that their action must be regu-
lated by the necessities of the case, rather than by the magnitude of
the loss. At the same time, it was the view of the commission that
they ought not as a rule to extend aid to such an extent as to make
the individual much better off than he was before the fire, unless it
was necessary to do so in order to prevent absolute suffering.
The commission regarded themselves as the agents of the donors
in extending friendly aid to those who had been overtaken by a
mighty, but temporary, misfortune. The sufferers by fire were, al-
most without exception, industrious, self-supporting people and they
10 Report of State Commission.
felt that aid ought to 'be extended in a neighborly and friendly spirit,
and in such a manner as not to impair the self-respect or the inde-
pendence of the recipient. The agents of the commission were in>-
structed to maintain this attitude towards these unfortunate people.
This seemed to us the more important, for the reason that in addi-
tion to the loss of all their possessions and the physical and nervous
shock produced by the terrible ordeal through which they had
passed, many of them mourned the loss of dear friends and were
deeply sensitive and sore-hearted.
We have considered it a matter of chief importance to render such
assistance as should restore these people to a condition of self-sup-
port and relieve them as speedily as possible from a dependent con-
dition; and it gives us much pleasure to report that in most cases
the relief given has been instrumental in accomplishing this result,
and that a large majority of the peoole who have been assisted are
now in a position of self-support. It has been a cause o-f grief to the
commission to see some of the people who were at first unwilling to
accept any aid with which they could dispense, gradually
lose their spirit of independence and become willing, and even eager,
to take all they can get. It is a great misfortune when what is in-
tended to assist the unfortunate becomes an actual damage to them.
We were of the opinion that no form of relief could be more
helpful than employment; accordingly, we instructed ooir agents to
employ fire sufferers to the fullest possible extent. The following is
a statement of the amounts paid for salaries and wages, showing
what proportion was paid to fire sufferers:
AMOUNTS PAID. PAID SUFFERERS.
Workmen on buildings $8,921.55 $3,248.19
Cash building allowances I-553- 01 ^SSS- 01
Laborers 1,514.90 1,350.90
Cookhouse crews 655.88 289.58
Stockyard crews 31 i.oo 311.00
Administration, salaries 4,857.75 1,217.01
Totals $17,814.69 $7,970.29
It will be seen that of the $2,480 paid laborers, cookhouse and
stockyard crews, $1,950, or 80 per cent., was paid to fire sufferers,
and of the $10,475 P a id workmen on buildings, $4,800, or 48 per
cent., was paid to fire sufferers. Of the $4,857 paid for administra-
tion, $1,217, or 2 5 per cent, was paid to fire sufferers. And of the
total amount, $17,814.69, paid out for services of all kinds, $7,970.29,
or 45 per cent., was paid to fire sufferers.
The completeness of the loss and the resulting destitution, together
with the near approach of winter, increased the greatness of the need ;
and the agents of the commission were instructed to pursue a gen-
erous policy and to err, if at all, on the side of liberality.
Report of State Commission. 11
It was the desire of the commission to secure, if possible, to the
beneficiaries the permanent enjoyment of the donations of their fel-
low citizens. The secretary of the commission, therefore, was in-
structed to employ a competent attorney and to make sure, as far
as possible, that those for whom houses were built either owned their
ground in fee simple or had such liberal contracts as would give a
reasonable assurance that they would be able to secure title to their
land. Land companies and owners of land were induced to extend
their contracts so as to give ample time to purchasers. Squatters
were assisted to procure land of their own, and it is believed that al-
most every house built by the assistance of the commission is a se-
cure possession to its occupant.
The commission felt that they ought to encourage the people as
far as their circumstances would admit, to return to their former
homes, but where a removal seemed imperative they ought to facili-
tate it as far as possible. In those cases where it was evident that
the people must go elsewhere in order to maintain themselves, it was
decided to make a cash allowance, amounting usually to from $20
to $25 for each member of the family, but varying somewhat accord-
ing to their peculiar circumstances. Able-bodied men were fitted
out with a suit of clothes and a small amount of money.
For those who decided to remain in the burned district it was nec-
essary to provide shelter, and the following general rules were adopt-
ed in dealing with them: People who had fire insurance were no-
tified that the commission would not undertake to build houses for
them unless they furnish satisfactory evidence that the money re-
ceived for fire insurance was so far consumed in meeting pressing
debts that they were not able to make such provision for themselves
as the commission was making for others. For people who had
homes of their own before the fire, the commission decided to builcl
a frame house, 16x24 feet, boarded on the studding, then papered
and covered with drop siding en the outside. These houses were
built one-story or a stoiy and a half high, according to the size of
the family. It was found that many of the people had before the
fire only a small house or '"shack," representing in many cases a very
small cost. To such people building material was furnished to the
value of from $40 to $100, to enable the individual to build for
himself. In many cases the commission furnished carpenters to
assist in building such small houses. In the case of single men it
was decided not to build houses for them unless they owned houses
before the fire; but in the case of married men, even though they
had no house before the fire, it was decided to render some assistance
in building (usually from $50 to $75), providing it was made clear
that they intended to live in the burned district, for the reason that
there were no houses to rent, and it was necessary for them to have
shelter. In two or three cases the commission built houses for
young men who were not strictly -entitled to them, for the reason that
12 Eeport of State Commission.
they had intended marrying before the fire ; which intention has since
been carried out.
As far as possible, the commission insisted that whatever buildings
were constructed by their assistance should be located; either on land
owned by the individual in fee simple, or on land for which he had a
liberal contract which would enable him to secure his home within
a reasonable time. Homesteaders on government land were treated
as though they owned the land. The cost of the material used in
the construction of the ordinary houses built, 16x24 feet, with posts
8, 12 or 14 feet, was from $95 to $150. In a few cases of widows
with large families, more expensive houses were built. As very few
of the fire sufferers had teams it was necessary to deliver the lumber
on the ground, and in some cases this involved a heavy expense, ow-
ing to the lack of bridges and the damage to corduroy roads by the
fire. The estimated cost of the carpenter work on such houses was
$35 P er house, and those fire sufferers who preferred to do their
own work received a cash allowance of $35 for the work. In prac-
tice it was found that the cost of the carpenter work considerably
exceeded $35 per house.
The following is a list of articles of furniture, etc., furnished by
the State Commission to a family of five; the outfit wast increased
or diminished, according to the size of the family:
Furniture Three bedsteads; 3 w. w. springs; 3 excelsior mat-
tresses; 3 pair pillows; 1 2. wood chairs;* i rocker; i drop-leaf table.
Hardware One No. 9 stove; I heating stove; 5 joints pipe; I
elbow; i iron kettle; I fry pan; I tea kettle; i coffee pot; I dish-
pan; 2 milk pans; i sauce pan; I boiler; I washboard; i dipper; i
water pail; 6 knives and forks; 12 spoons; 6 teaspoons; I basting
spoon; i wash basin; i butcher knife; i drip pan; i dust pan; i
broom; 2 flat irons; i one-gallon can; i axe; i buck saw; I shovel;
i hammer.
Crockery Twelve plates; 6 pint bowls; 12 cups and saucers; 6
tumblers; i ten-inch platter; 2 seven-inch vegetable dishes; I glass
water pitcher; i salt and pepper; i glass lamp; 2 chambers.
Bedding Four blankets; 2 comforters; 52 yards sheeting; 15
yards toweling.
The following is a list of rations issued to a family of five for three
months: Four hundred Ibs. flour; 7 Ibs. coffee; 2 Ibs. tea; 40 Ibs.
sugar; 2 Ibs. baking powder; 2 Ibs. soda; i bu. beans; 20 Ibs. rice;
20 Ibs. fish; 20 bars, soap; 4 pkgs. yeast cakes; 5 sacks salt; i pkg.
matches; I bluing bottle; 15 Ibs. lard; 100 Ibs. pork; 4 gals, syrup;
20 Ibs. crackers; 2 boxes pepper; 5 Ibs. breakfast food.
The following is a list of rations issued to a family of five for thirty
days: Two hundred Ibs. flour; 3 Ibs. coffee; 15 Ibs. sugar; Ib. tea;
i Ib. baking powder; i Ib. soda; 1-2 bu. beans; 10 Ibs. rice; 8
Ibs. fish; 10 bars soap; 2 pkgs. yeast; 2 sacks salt; i pkg. matches; 6
Ibs. lard; i bottle bluing; 45 Ibs. pork; 2 pails jelly; i gal. syrup;
8 Ibs. crackers; i box pepper; 3 Ibs. breakfast food.
Report of State Commission. 13
tration of the sufferers by fire. Blanks were carefully prepared for
use at Duluth, Pine City, Hinckley, Sandstone and Milaca. A de-
tailed record was made of each case, showing the names and ages
of members of the family, social condition, residence before the fire,
losses by fire, property before the fire, property saved, insurance
and other resources, needs and desires, reference and address of
friends, together with a record of the assistance given. In order to
secure an accurate registration and avoid imposition, fire sufferers
who had a large acquaintance in the burned district were employed
to assist in the registration. The local committee at Hinckley, and
other citizens of Hinckley, Pokegama, Mission Creek, Sandstone
and Pine City, rendered great service in securing an accurate and
reliable registration. The St. Cloud committee took charge of
the registration at Milaca, which was performed in the most ac-
curate and systematic manner.
Exhibit "E," appended to this report, comprises a complete list
of all persons registered by the commission, showing the number
resident in the burned district, the number non-resident, the num-
ber who received assistance, and the number who received no as-
sistance. The following is a summary of the registration:
DISTRICT.
=1
ji
Individuals
Included.
tc 03
li - L
1
l-.nnc.iiey
440
1,038
910
128 921
117
Vicinity of Hinckley
58
183
171
12 181
2
Sandstone
152
498
418
80 420
78
Pokegama
. ... 36
131
105
26 129
2
33
75
69
6 67
g
Sandstone Junction and Millar
21
69 .
69 ..
28
94
85
9 85
9
Partridg-e
19
59
53
6 39
20
Rutledge
3
14
14 .
11
8
Mora
11
56
56 .
28
28
4
9
9
9
Scattering
33
123
86
37 67
56
Total for Hinckley district
838
2,350
2,045
304 2,026
323
Mille Lacs countv
89
370
370 .
370 ..
33
123
1 70
51
18
89
89
75
14
Morrison county
10
46
46 .
46 ..
Wadena county
7
36
36 .
36 ..
Aitkin county
13
55
55 .
55
Cass county
3
13
13 .
13 ..
Total registration 1,011 3,081 2,775
L4 Report of State Commission.
The foregoing registration includes: Single men, 344; single
women, 33; widows, 49 (whose families include 145 persons); wid-
owers, 59 (whose families include 143 persons); orphans, 4. The
number of widows created by the fire was 21. The number of wid-
owers created was 22. The number of farmers registered in the
Hinckley burned district was 151, and in the outlying counties was
164, making a total of 314 farmers.
It will be observed that out of the 3,082 persons registered 305
were non-residents at the time of the fire. Most of these are mem-
bers of families where the head of the family was in the burned dis-
trict For example, Fritz Droel, foreman in the mill of the Bren-
nan Lumber Company, who was burned to death, left a family at
Eau Claire, Wis., to whom some assistance was given. Louis
Chambers, formerly resident in South Dakota, had come into the
burned district and had taken a piece of land, on which he was
building a house. He had removed his furniture, team and effects,
and his family in South Dakota were awaiting the completion of
the house in order to remove to Minnesota. He was destroyed by
fire with all his property, and his family were left destitute in South
Dakota. They received assistance and are included in the regis-
tration. Thomas Henderson, residing at Pine City, was at work
with his two sons in the burned district. The sons were burned
to death and the father's hands were terribly burned in trying to save
them, disabling him for several months, and his family received
relief, although non-resident.
Some people received relief from the commission who lost neither
houses, stock nor provisions, for the reason that their means of a
livelihood was destroyed. Most of the people aided at Milaca were
of this class, having lost hay, wood, logs, ties or timber, which they
expected to sell for the support of their families during the coming
winter.
In registering more than a thousand cases, most of them at a dis-
tance from the scene of the disaster, it is probable that some impo-
sition was practiced, but we do not believe that one case in one
hundred was of this class. The question whether aid should be
given in particular cases was often a difficult one, especially where
the loss was comparatively small. It is possible that aid may have
been refused in some deserving cases, but we have endeavored to
err, if at all, on the side of liberality ; and if after careful inquiry there
seemed reasonable ground for extending relief, it has been done.
The legislature has appropriated the sum of $20,000 to reimburse
the commission for $15,000 advanced by them and to make neces-
sary temporary provision, pending the consideration of the question
whether any additional relief will be necessary. By * \ i, 1895,
the commission will have expended all, or nearly all, of the $15,000
borrowed bv them. We are now feeding about 600 people, includ-
ing farmers' families, widows' families and villagers ont of work.
We are endeavoring to cut off these families as fast as they at-
Report of State Commission. 15
tain the possibility of self support, but we anticipate that it will be
necessary to feed about ooo people until May ist, and to feed about
400 people (families of farmers, widows-, e..c.) until August ist, at
a cost of about $6,800. We are now feeding about 50 cows, and <we
estimate the cost of feeding these cows for three months from Feb-
ruary ist, at about $600. We are now feeding about 15 teams, and
we estimate the cost of feeding them for six months at $600, mak-
ing a total probable expenditure for temporary relief of $8,000.
The commission has been unable to decide whether additional
permanent aid should be extended to these people. About 90 cows
were burned in the fire; the commission has given out 25 cows and
has given assistance toward the purchase of 10 more, making a total
of 35 cows. There are twenty or thirty additional families to which
a cow would be a great blessing, but the commission did not see
tlu-ir way clear with the means at their disposal to furnish them.
It is almost impossible to carry on farming without some kind of
a team. A few enterprising men have succeeded in obtaining teams
for themselves, and in two or three cases the commission has as-
sisted farmers in obtaining teams in lieu of other assistance. If
the commission had had the means they would have been glad to
furnish those who lost teams with assistance towards purchasing a
team to the extent of, say, $50, provided that this donation would
have enabled them to purchase teams. The objection to this plan
is, that it would increase the disproportion of the amount of the
relief given to the recipient, as compared with others. If such teams
were purchased it would be necessary to feed them until harvest;
otherwise the owners would have to leave their farms in order to
earn feed.
The commission has considered seriously the question of distrib-
uting forty or fifty sewing machines. Means to purchase sewing
machines have been furnished to a few women who were accus-
tomed to earn a livelihood by sewing; but others of this class have
not been supplied, and many women who> have 1'arge families are
greatly in need of a sewing machine. Several cases have been
brought to our notice of those who have already purchased ma-
chines on the installment plan at from $40 to' $60 each. The com-
mission could purchase good reliable sewing machines delivered at
Hinckley for about $15 each. A list of possible recipients was
made up, but the sewing machines were not purchased, on account
of the limited amount of funds available.
With the opening of spring seed will be an important item to the
farmers. The chief crops of these farmers are potatoes, hay and
garden vegetables. Large tracts of timber land have been burned
almost clear. The commission distributed about five hundred
bushels of winter rye in the fall of 1894, to- be sown on such land,
which was done with good promise of success. Most of the farmers
are desirous of sowing timothy and red top on such lands. The
seed ought to be sown just before the snow melts in the spring.
16 Report of State Commission.
Some of the farmers want to sow oats with the grass seed, in order
to get the benefit of the crop. This ground has been practically
cleared by the fire, and with comparatively little labor can be brought
under cultivation, but if neglected, will speedily grow up to weeas
and underbrush.
The commissioners cannot lay claim to infallibility. They have
doubtless made some mistakes, but if they have not made mistakes
in more than one case in ten out of the 1,011 cases dealt with they
will be satisfied. It must be borne in mind that they had to deal
with people scattered over a large extent of territory, and that the
work has been done by no less than ten different agents, besides the
several local committees and it could not be expected that all of these
agents would be able to pursue an absolutely uniform line of action.
In Hinckley alone there have been four different agents in charge
at different times.
"i'he commission does not claim that its distribution of funds and
supplies has been strictly equitable; it was impossible in the na-
ture of the case that it should be so. When the work began it was
not known either how much means would be available or how many
people would have to be assisted. It was estimated at the outset
that about 200 people were dead, that about 1,200 to 1,500
people might require assistance, and that about $75,000 would prob-
ably be realized from donations. The event proved that more than
400 people, were dead, that more than 2,600 people have required
assistance and that the cash donations passing through the hands of
the state commission were $96,500, in addition to nearly $25,000,
received and disbursed by the different local committees.
Many of the fire sufferers were unable to return to the burned
district because of the immpossibility of earning a livelihood there.
For such persons a cash allowance was necessary, but in making
such allowances it was necessary to exercise caution in order to in-
sure having means to help those \vho remained.
In the distribution to those who remained it was impossible to
exercise strict equality; widows with dependent children had to re-
ceive more in proportion than: able bodied men with families; men
who were sick or injured by fire or out of work received more as-
sistance in proportion than others. As a rule, the farmers received
more in proportion than the villagers, for the reason that
most of the villagers were able to> obtain employment for the sup-
port of their families, while many of the farmers must be assisted
until they can raise a crop. Even among the farmers an equal
distribution was impracticable. The commission distributed twen-
ty-five cows to them who seemed to need them most; with each
cow went necessarily about $15 worth of lumber for a stable and
about $20 worth of food, making a total value of about $60 to $65,
and this one item would make a difference of that amount in the
aid extended to two families, both, perhaps, equally deserving.
These illustrations will show the difficulty attending the work of
Keport of State Commission. 17
relief. Even with the most equitable distribution many inequalities
must prevail. The previous condition of the fire sufferers and the
scale of living to which they -were accustomed made a great dif-
ference in the value of the relief. An expenditure of $150 or $200
would place one family in a better position than ever before, while
an expenditure of $250 or $300 would leave another family in poorer
circumstances than ever 'before, with a complete absence of those
articles of comfort and refinement to which they have been ac-
customed. Under these circumstances it is not a surprise to the
commission that there should be feelings of discontent and jealousy.
It could hardly be otherwise, and^ we find as a matter of fact that
in nearly every case of public disaster and distribution of relief
similar complaints have arisen; they have to be accepted as a
natural tendency of human nature.
Owing to the magnitude of the work and the extent of territory
embraced, the commission found it necessary to have responsible
agents for carrying on the work. Mr. H. H. Hart, a member of
the commission, and secretary of the state board of corrections and
charities, was made secretary of the commission and was given a
general oversight of its work. Mr. J. G. Howard of Duluth, on
recommendation of the Duluth local committee, was appointed as
general superintendent of construction, with entire charge of the
work of building houses in the burned district, the purchase of
lumber and building materials, the employment of carpenters, etc.
Mr. Howard pushed the work energetically and made every effort
to provide shelter for the people before winter set in, giving most
of his time to the work for two months without compensation. Mr.
Geo. D. Holt, secretary of the associated charities of Minneapolis,
\vas appointed as agent at Duluth and was subsequently transferred
to Hinckley. He was succeeded as agent at Duluth by Mr. C. E.
Holt, who had charge of the registration and permanent relief of
all fire sufferers w^ho were located at Duluth, including most of the
people from Sandstone and vicinity and a part of those from Hinck-
ley. Mr. James F. Jackson, secretary of the associated charities
at St. Paul, was sent to Pine City as the representative of the St.
Paul local committee. At the request of the commission the as-
sociated charities at St. Paul consented that he should act as the
agent of the commission, first at Pine City and afterwards at Hinck-
ley. His work was thoroughly satisfactory, and it w-as a matter
of regret when his duties called him back to St. Paul after five weeks'
service. Mr. H. D. Davis of Hinckley, general manager of the
Brennan Lumber Company, acted as agent at Hinckley at the re-
quest of the Pine City relief committee until he was relieved by
Mr. G. W. Marchant at his own request, owing to the demands of
his business. Mr. Davis served without compensation and with
entire satisfaction. Mr. G. W. Marchant was appointed as agent
at Hinckley on account of his exoerience in caring for the sufferers
by cyclone at Sank Rapids. He was peculiarly adapted to the
18 Report of State Commission.
work, but found it necessary to withdraw after three weeks' ser-
vice on account of his private business. He was succeeded tem-
porarily by Mr. Jackson and permanently by Geo. D. Holt, who
is still in the service of the commission as agent at Hinckley. Mr.
N. J. Miller of Duluth, was appointed as agent at Sandstone, where
he not only attended to the relief of the fire sufferers, but also took
charge of building 'Operations, and some fifty-five houses were built
under his direction. Mr. Miller has performed his difficult duties
to the entire satisfaction of the commission and is still in charge
of affairs at Sandstone. Rev. Wm. Wilkinson of Minneapolis,
acted as the agent of the commission at Pokegama. Mr. Wilkinson
went to> the relief of the people of Pokegama on the day after the
fire and devoted himself indefatigably to the inetrests of the suffer-
ers there, transporting supplies on hand cars, clothing the needy,
burying the dead even using the shovel and the ax with his own
hand. The people of Pokegama were fortunate in finding such a
faithful and disinterested friend, who devoted himself heart and soul
to their interests without thought of reward.
Rev. David Morgan, superintendent of the St. Paul Bethel, acted
as a special agent of the commission for the investigation of appli-
cations for relief from remote points. In this capacity he visited
Pokegama, Brainerd, Aitkin, New York Mills and Little Falls. His
reports were marvels of brevity and good sense, and for this work
he received no compensation beyond has actual expenses. Mr.
R. A. Hoyt of St. Paul, visited New York Mills and Milaca in behalf
of the commission on similar service.
The commission was- fortunate in obtaining the services of Mr.
Christian Arvold of Rochester, formerly auditor of Blue Earth coun-
ty, as accountant. Mr. Arvold proved thoroughly competent and
worked early and late, not only in the discharge of his ordinary
duties, but also in befriending and assisting the fire sufferers, and
in interpreting for Swedes, Norwegians, Germans, Danes and Ice-
landers.
It will be seen that the commission chose as its agents men spe-
cially qualified for this service by training and experience in similar
work, and the results have shown the wisdom of this course in
guarding against imposition and avoiding experiments.
The members of the St. Cloud local committee, after rendering
efficient aid to the fire sufferers at Pokegama, generously undertook
the entire charge of the fire sufferers in the vicinity of Milaca. They
cared for 377 people, expending $1,254 of their own money, and
$4,133 furnished by the state commission. In addition to this sum,
the state commission furnished new winter underclothing, etc., to
the value of $760, which was distributed by the St Cloud commit-
tee, who acted as our agents.
The Duluth local committee acted as agents of the state commis-
sion in the purchase of family outfits, clothing, furniture and provi-
Report of State Commission. 19
sions, which were supplied by local dealers on recommendation of
our Duluth agent.
Members of the Pine City local committee acted as agents of the
commission in disbursing funds and handling supplies at that place.
The local committees of St. Paul, Minneapolis, Duluth, Stillwater,
Cloquet, Mora and White Bear disbursed funds raised by them for
the relief of fire sufferers in such ways as seemed to them for their
best interest. These committees have furnished us staiemeiits of
their work, which are appended hereto.
To the best of our knowledge no member of any of these local
committees has received any compensation for his services, unless
one or two paid clerks employed at Duluth or St. Paul may have
been members of local committees.
We have made application to the department of agriculture to
furnish seed for these people, and Hon. A. R. Kiefer has introduced
a bill into congress, authorizing the department of agriculture to
furnish such seeds, but the department of agriculture has been un-
able to inform us whether seed can be furnished.
We have received a petition for the building of a schoolhouse at
Sandstone Junction, to cost about $200. We have already furnished
assistance for building school houses at Sandstone, Mission Creek
and Pokegama, and having investigated this application, we think
it should be granted.
The Duluth local committee raised about $13,000 in cash for the
benefit of the fire sufferers, in addition to large quantities of cloth-
ing and provisions, which were used for the temporary relief of
those who went to Duluth. Up to Nov. 15, 1894, the Duluth com-
mittee had expended about $10,000 in cash for the benefit of fire
sufferers. Nearly two hundred people had located in Duluth and
vicinity, many of whom were likely to require further assistance,
and the Duluth local committee felt that they ought to reserve the
remainder of their funds for future contingencies for the care of
these people.
A joint meeting of the state commission and the Duluth local
committee was held at Hinckley, Nov. 20, 1894, and the following
minute was adopted: "It was mutually agreed that the Duluth local
committee shall take active charge of cases of fire sufferers in that
vicinity, and if they find it necessary to expend, not exceeding
$1,500, including doctor bills, before January I5th next, they shall
report it to the state commission, who will include this amount in
their deficiency report to the legislature."
The Duluth local committee incurred expenditures for temporary
relief, hospital bills and medical attendance for fire sufferers from
Nov. 15, 1894, to Jan. 18, 1895, amounting to $1,896.80. They re-
ported that at that date they had still under their care 135 people,
for whom they are likely to incur more or less expense in the fu-
ture. The state commission, therefore, respectfully recommends
that the legislature include in any appropriations for the further as-
20 Report of State Commission.
sistance of fire sufferers, $1,500, to reimburse the Duluth local com-
mittee in part for the expense thus incurred.
One of the pressing needs of the burned district at the present
time is assistance in replacing bridges and repairing roads. All of
the bridges were destroyed by fire, and many miles of corduroy
and peat roads have been literally burned up. The county has suf-
fered heavily in consequence of "the fire, by loss of taxes, and there
is need of assistance from the state. The estimated cost of replac-
ing the burned bridges and repairing the roads is $5,000, and we
would respectfully recommend that an appropriation be made for
that purpose.
Should the legislature deem it proper to provide for the items
above mentioned, viz., additional temporary relief, assistance in pur-
chasing teams, cows and sewing machines, grass seed, oats, seed
potatoes, a schoolhouse at Sandstone Junction, an appropriation for
roads and. bridges and for reimbursing the Duluth committee, the
total amount required will be about $21,500.
It has been and will be the aim of the commission so to distribute
the means which have been placed in their hands as to help these
unfortunate people to a position of self support at once, and we most
earnestly recommend that, should the legislature see fit to grant
additional relief, it be given immediately, and be so distributed as
to enable the people to provide for themselves in future. We think
that the work of relief should be finally closed up at the earliest
possible date not later than May i, 1895.
Sept. 2, 1894, by order of the governor, per Tarns Bixby, private
secretary, eighty tents were shipped to Pine City by Capt. W. H.
Hart, brigade quartermaster of the national guard of the state of
Minnesota. Sixty-five of these tents were subsequently shipped to
Hinckley, and were used by the fire sufferers at Hinckley, Sand-
stone, and other points.
These tents are the property of the United States government, and
the national guard are responsible to the United States government
for them.
The most of these tents were in use from sixty to ninety days.
They were carefuly inspected by Acljt. Gen. H. Muehlberg, Capt. W.
H. Hart and D. E. Clark, storekeeper of the state relief commission,
as a board of survey, and they submitted the following report re-
specting the condition of these tents:
We, a board of survey, have made inspection of the national
guard tents, which were used by the relief commission at Pine City
and the Hinckley fire district, and we find their condition as fol-
lows :
18 tents unfit for further use by the national guards; a total loss at $18.50
each $333.50
12 tents badly damaged, estimated cost of repairs, at $11 each 132.00
31 tents damaged, estimated at 50 per cent, of value, $S.50 each ... .. 263.50
Report of State Commission. 21
15 tents badly soiled, estimated cost of cleaning, $5 each.
4 tents short
Tent pins short
$910.00
15 canteens, $1.27 each 19.00
Total $929.00
HERMAN MUEHLBERG,
Adjutant General.
W. H. HART,
Captain and Brigade Quartermaster.
D. E. CLARK,
Storekeeper State Relief Commission.
Adjutant General Muehlberg is of the opinion that the tents above
mentioned as a total loss well be rejected by the United States gov-
ernment when they are called for. The tent poles are on hand, but
are useless, for the reason that the government now issues conical
tents instead of wall tents.
Three of the four tents short will probably be recovered, but their
condition is not known.
We respectfully recommend that an appropriation of $930 be
made, payable to the order of the governor, for the purpose of re-
placing such of these tents as cannot be used for the national guards,
and repair such as are in need of repair; and that those tents which
are condemned for further use on the part of the national guard of
the state of Minnesota, be placed in charge of the military store-
keeper, to be used in case of any similar emergency in the future.
The state relief commission has on file in the office of the treas-
urer accounts and vouchers in detail of all funds received and dis-
bursed by them, together with a record of supplies- received and
issued, and a record of the relief given to each fire sufferer. We
would respectfully request that the joint committee of the legis-
lature appoint a sub-committee, or employ a competent expert to
examine the books and vouchers of the commission in detail, and
report of the committee. Mr. Christian Arvold, the accountant of
the commission, will be at the service of the committee at any time,
and will afford them whatever information they may require.
We submit herewith, as a supplement to this report, Exhibit "A,"
an abstract of the report of our treasurer; Exhibit "B/' a list of cash
donations received; Exhibit "C," a list of houses built and lumber
donations; Exhibit "D," an abstract of the reports of the several
local committees; Exhibit "E," a list of all persons registered by the
commission.
Should the governor or the legislature desire any information with
refernece to the work of the commission not contained in this re-
port, we shall take pleasure in furnishing it.
22 Report of State Commission.
We desire, in conclusion, to extend our thanks to Your Excel-
lency, to the legislature, and to the multitude of contributors for
the generous confidence reposed in us. We have endeavored to dis-
charge this sacred trust in the spirit in which it was confided to us.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
CHARLES A. PILLSBURY,
KENNETH CLARK,
CHARLES H. GRAVES,
MATTHEW G. NORTON,
HASTINGS H. HART,
Commissioners.
EXHIBIT A.
SUMMARY OF THE TREASURER'S REPORT.
KENNETH CLARK, TREASURER.
Receipts.
Donations from foreign countries $11,600.00
Donations from United States, except Minnesota 14,711.19
Donations from Minnesota 70,147.50
Total cash donations ............................................. $36,458.69
Proceeds of Sales of Building- Material, etc.
Collected by George D. Holt, agent at Hinckley .................... $873.28
Collected by N. J. Miller, agent at Sandstone ........................ 965.41
Collected by J. G. Howard, superintendent of construction ........ 176.46
-- $2,018.15
Loan ........ . ........................................................ 15,000.00
Total cash receipts ................ ....... ...... ......... $113,476.81
Per receipted vouchers on file with the treasurer, and classified as follows:
Cash Allowances to Individual Fire Sufferers
Through Hinckley office ....................................... $13,326.99
Through Duluth office ........ . ............................ .. 4,031.12
Through St. Paul office ....................................... 1,052.50
Through Minneapolis office ................................. 661.50
Through St. Cloud office (Milaca) ............................ 4,132.50
$23,204.61
Cost of Buildings Erected.
Lumber ................................................ $20,970.51
Hardware, brick and lime ......................... 3,576.71
Cash allowances for compo. board ................. 30000
$24,847.22
Labor of workmen on buildings, teamsters, etc. $8,921.55
Cash allowances for labor to parties building
their own houses ................................. 1,553.61
- $10,475.16
Total cost of buildings ........................ - $35,322.38
Report of State Commission. 23
Outfitting.
Dry goods, shoes, clothing, blankets $6,567.46
Furniture and bedding 3,412.98
Crockery 808.68
Hardware, stoves, farming tools and implements 4,413.88
Housekeeping outfits ordered in Duluth 6,275.31
Dry goods for Milaca fire suffers per St. Cloud com-
mittee 760.30
$22,238.61
Temporary Relief.
Provisions $8,635.33
Board of fire sufferers 1,413.68
Wages of cookhouse crews 655.88
510,704.89
Hay, feed and seed $2,508.07
Wages of stockyard crew 311.00
$2,819.07
Medical attendance and nursing 999.46
Temporary relief in St. Paul 325.00
$14,848.42
Miscellaneous Disbursements.
Twenty-five cows purchased $644.50
Plowing 598.30
Freight and transportation paid 715.57
Sundry expenses 599.93
Wages paid laborers 1,514.90
$4,073.20
Administration.
Salaries of agents, clerks, storekeepers, warehouse em-
ployes and expense of delivery teams $4,857.75
Expenses paid 298.98
$5,156.73
Total disbursements to December 31, 1894 $104,843.95
Cash balance In treasurer's hands * $8,632.89
Disbursed from Jan. 1st to Jan. 21st, $3,926.16; ba-lance, Jan. 21, 1895, $4,706.72.
EXHIBIT B.
STATEMENT OF CASH DONATIONS RECEIVED BY THE MINNESOTA
STATE COMMISSION FOR THE RELIEF OF FIRE SUFFERERS.
FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
ENGLANT>.
X.ondon; Lord Mount Stephen $3,000.00
CANADA.
Montreal; Sir Donald Smith $5,000.00
Lady Donald Smith -.. 1,000.00
R. B. Angus 500.00
24 Report of State Commission.
Niagara Falls; per mayor, through St. Paul committee....
Total from foreign countries
FROM THE UNITED STATES (EXCEPT MINNESOTA.)
ARKANSAS.
CALIFORNIA.
COLORADO.
Carlisle; citizens
Pasodena; Mary Cor.ndine
Denver; J. A. Wannis
CONNECTICUT.
Bridgeport; Union Metallic Cartridge Co., per St. Paul committee
Hartford; National Fire Insurance Co., per St. Paul committee...
New Haven; Winchester Repeating Arms Company, per St. Paul
committee
L. Candee & Co., one-fifth of $1,000, per St. Paul committee..
Naugatuck; Gcodyear Metallic Rubber Shoe Co., one-fifth of
$1,000, per St. Paul committee
South Woodstock; Sunday-school boys
$11,600.00
$3.75
$5.00
$100.00
100.00
200.00
200.00
FLORIDA.
Winter Park; Mrs. Berndon.
Manatee; A. E. Stebblnis
$20.00
GEORGIA.
Macon; Mr. and Mrs. I. Block
ILLINOIS.
Aurora Sunday-school ; to Pine City committee, $5 (see page 28)..
Batavia ; Horace N. Jones
Big Wood Sunday->school ; to Pine City com. $1.77 (see page 38)...
Champagne; Rev. D. W. Dresser, per St. Paul committee
Chicago; Bradner, Smith & Co
Tribune subscription list
J. C. McVicker
" W. K. Ackcrman, city comptroller
" W. K. Ackermati, city comptroller
" Germans ol Chicago, per George Benz $1,000.00
" Germans ol Chicago, per George Benz 1,100.00
Germans of Chicago, per George Berz
5.00
100.00
100.50
100.00
719.55
359.78
Subscribers *o "Hemelandet," per St. Paul committee.
C. M. Wilkcs, per St. Paul committee
" T. A. Gardner, per St. Paul committee
" L. D. Sherman, per St. Paul committee
Durand; Magens Swenningsen
Hingland Park; Presbyterian church
$3,091.20
2.00
35.00
1.00
10.00
36.00
35.00
$802.00
$5.00
Report of State Commission. 25
Oak Park; Royal Jjeague and Royal Arcanum councils; per
St. Paul committee 29.00
Plymouth; Congrega/iional church 12.10
Riverside; Citizens 104.85
Rock Island; L. E. West 5.00
Waukegan; A. D. Sti'lson 1.00
- $4,741.98
IOWA.
Ayrshire; F. H. Henry, per Minneapolis committee $ 5.00
Bellevue; Citizens 39.50
Clarksville; Citizens, per Minneapolis committee 22.00
Decorah; Citizens, per St. Paul committee 200.00
Grinnell; C. Newton 75.50
Oscian; John Johnson ; 10.10
Sioux City; S. J. Beals 10.00
Dr. Hukins & Bro., to Pine City com. $10 (see page 38.) ...
- 1362.10
KANSAS.
Fort Scott; B. T. McDonald $5.00
Kearney; M. E. Dulebohn 1.00
Pleasant Valley; Y. P. S. C. E 17.00
Reserve; Women of R. C 19.58
$42.58
LOUISIANA.
Rustan; A. W. Rogan $1.00
MARYLAND.
Brookville; per Bishop H. B. Whipple $7.00
St. Barskotsman Parish; St. John's Church 6.00
$13.00
MASSACHUSETTS.
Boston; J. H. Salter, Jr $10.00
G. M. Lee, per St. Paul committee 50.00
Boston Rubber Shoe Co. (by Kellogg, Johnson & Co.), per
St. Paul committee 500.00
United States Rubber Co. (one-fifth of $1,000), per St. Paul
committee 200.00
American Rubber Co. (one-fifth of $1,000), per St. Paul com.... 200.00
Holyoke; Massasoit Paper Co. (through Bradner, Smith & Co.).. 25.00
Roxbury; W. A. Blossom (Exalted Ruler), per St. Paul com'tej.. 100.00
$1,086.00
MICHIGAN.
Grand Rapids; J. Wood $200.00
MISSOURI.
Emmetstown; Rev. W. T. Brand (by Bishop Gilbert) per St.
Paul committee $14.00
St. Louis; Lig-gett Myers Tobacco Co., per St. Paul committee 100.00
$114.00
Report of State Commission.
MONTANA.
Ft. Keogh; Sunday school, per St. Paul committee J3.23
Eighty-two U. S. Soldiers, per St. Paul committee 33.30
Other contributions, per St. Paul committee / '"0
Red Lodge; Howard Watson **>
<46.<B
NEBRASKA.
Omaha; Mr. and Mrs. R. A. Boyd $2.00
NEW HAMPSHIRE^
Qorham; D. L. Hitchcock, per Minneapolis committee ... $25.00
NEVADA.
Citizens
NEW YORK.
Albany; C. A. Hagreman $2.00
Fourth Presbyterian church 111.21
Cambridge citizens to Pine City committee, $5 (see page 39)
Fairport; De Land & Co $41.52
De Land & Co 54.20
Per St. Paul Committee.
De Land & Co. (by Griggs, C. & Co.) 56.52
De Land & Co. (by J. H. Allen & Co.) 55.02
De Land & Co. (by Noyes Bros. & Cutler) 41.52
De Land & Co. (by S. & W.) 55.02
Per Minneapolis Committee.
De Land & Co. (by Geo. R. Newell & Co.) 56. E2
De Land & Co. (by A. Kelly & Co.) 54.20
De Land & Co. (by Winston F. & Co.) 40.90
465.42
Church & Co. (by Geo. R. Newell & Co.) 125.00
John Dwight 125.00
Hudson; Dr. G. E. Benson 25.00
Le Roy; "Friend," per Minneapolis committee 20.00
New York; "The Times," per John B. Douglass 15.00
Horace White 125.00
F. Robert Magee 25.00
Henry L. Stimson 5.00
M. C. Miller 5.00
"Evening Post" Publishing company 80.00
"Evening Post" Publishing company 16.00
"Evening Post" Publishing company 5.00
101.00
Per St. Paul Committee.
Austin Corbin 500.00
J. C. Carter 250.00
New York Life Insurance company 1,000.00
^ New York Mutual Life Insurance company 500.00
E. H. Scott 2.00
Henry E. Noyes 25.00
Report of State Commission.
27
Arnold, Constable & Co. (by T. C. Field)
J. McCreary & Co. (by T. C. Field) 100.00
Lee, Tweedy & Co. (by T. C. Field) . 100.00
Chas. B. Landon & Co. (by T. C. Field) 100.00
Teft, Weller & Co. (by T. C. Field) 100.00
Dunham, Buckley & Co. (by T. C. Field) 100.00
E. L. Jeffray (by T. C. Field) 100.00
Willis & Gebt (by T. C. Field) 100.00
John S. Brown & Sons (by T. C. Field) 50.00
Meyer, Jonasson & Co. {by T. C. Field) 50.00
E. T. Mason & Co. (by T. C. Field) 50.00
J. C. Locke & Potts (by T. C. Field) 100.00
John Ruszits Fur Co. (by T. C. Field) 100.00
S. H. De Forest 10.00
John Dwight & Co 125.00
New York Stock Exchange 1,100.00
Church & Co (by Geo. R. Newell & Co.) , 125,00
Spencerport; John Merz, per Minneapolis committee 2.27
Total from New York state $6,084.90
NORTH DAKOTA.
Castleton; "Traveling Man" $ 2.00
Deepe; Mary Orgene 2.00
Drayton; W. C. T. U 5.75
W. C. T. U 5.00
Gardner; Congregational Parsonage 40.00
People of Gardner 16.00
New Salem; "Cash," per St. Paul committee 5.00
Lisbon; Citizens 20.00
Tower City; Rich. L. Howell, per St. Paul committee 25.00
Wahpeton; Citizens and Turn Verein 103.85
$24.60
OHIO.
Berea. $50.00
Cincinnati; A Davis & Co. (through George R. Newell & Co.,
per Minneapolis committee) 25.00
Cleveland; C. F. Thwing 10.00
Lennox; King's Daughters, per St. Paul committee 3.00
Toledo; Commercial Club 5.00
$96.00
OREGON.
Mt. Tabor; "Cash" $5.00
Portland; Swedish Society "Lumea" 33.00
$43.00
PENNSYLVANIA.
Erie; J. H. Bliss $250.00
"Cash," per St. Paul committee 5.90
28
Report of State Commission.
Glenn; Martin Chevalier 5.00
Philadelphia; Irene C. Faunce 10.00
Wiseman & Wallace, per St. Paul committee 50.00
RHODE ISLAND.
Woonsoeket; Woonsocket Rubber Co., 1-5 of $1,000, per St. P?ul
committee
TENNNE33EE.
Columbia; John E. Greer
TEXAS.
Fort Worth; Dr. A. P. Brown
VIRGINIA.
Newport News; Robert Storker, of U. S. Navy
WASHINGTON.
Seattle; G. Hanens, per St. Paul committee
WISCONSIN.
Bayfleld; J. H. Wing $100.00
Pepin; "Cash" 5.00
Phillips; Presbyterian church 10.00
S. H. Murphy 10. CO
Point Douglass; Episcopal church 10.00
Total from the United States except Minnesota
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM MINNESOTA.
Ada; Citizens
Norwegian Lutheran church
Aitkin; Citizens
Albany; Citizens
Albert Lea; Citizens .'.
Village
C. P. Kiel, Sr
$200.00
w.oo
$5.00
$15.00
Sl.OO
- $135.00
J14.7U.19
$243.50
18.21
$1,104.76
250. CO
5.00
Alden ; Citizens
Alexandria; Gov. Knute Nelson $100.00
Citizens 50.00
Citizens 28.00
Rev. H. B. F. Lansem, to Pine City com., $15 (see page 38.)
Almon; W. C. T. U
Amboy; Citizens $110.75
Citizens 10.75
$261.71
108.11
1,359.76
64.10
178.00
5.00
121.50
Anoka; Citizens
Citizens ...
$G8.56
16.00
Appleton; A. K. Pederson
St. Margaret's Guild
Report of State Commission. 29
Arctander; Citizens 67.00
Ashland; Dodge county, per St. Paul committee 100.00
Atwater; Dahl & Peterson (car of wheat sold) 369.59
Audubon; Citizens 61.65
Austin; J. Hoban $1.00
Geo. Hirsch 10.00
W. Elder 5.00
Citizens of Mower County 250.00
Citizens of Austin 250.00
516. Ot)
Bald Eagle; J. J. Leary, to Pine City com. $1 (see page 38)
Barnesville; I. O. O. F 95.75
Batavia; L. A. Kenney (see Batavia, 111.) 5.00
Battle Lake; Citizens 25.25
Beaver Creek; Citizens 51.00
Belgrade.; Glaus Jorgerson, per Minneapolis committee 1.00
Belle Plaine; Citizens $30.00
Citizens 17.00
Catholic church of the Sacred Heart 41.00
108.00
Belmont and Des Moines; Norwegian farmers 15.50
Bethany; Rev. Philip Gritensohn 20.00
Benson; A. N. Johnson 10.00
Big Lake; Citizens 25.75
Blue Earth; Presbyterian church $42.31
M. E. Church 33.13
75.44
Blooming Prairie; Citizens 50.00
Brainerd; Citizens ICO. 00
Brandon; Citizens 50.00
Brighton; Citizens 49.30
Browns Valley; Ladies 38.62
Byron; Congregational Byron Methodist church $30.00
M. E. Church 6.00
Village 25.00
61.00
Cambridge; Citizens $67.50
Camp Release; Citizens, per Minneapolis committee 9.25
Cannon Falls; Village $350.00
Village 100.00
450.00
Canton; Citizens 20.00
Carver; Village Council and friends 100.00
Chaska; Village 150.00
Chatfleld; Citizens 170.00
Chowan; Citizens, per Minneapolis committee 15.00
Christiana; Congregation; 23.10
Claremont; Y. P. S. C. E 10.00
30
Report of State Commission.
Clinton Falls; Baptist Church i 2 - 45
Cloquet; Citizens, $989.85 received and disbursed by local com-
mittee (see page 39.)
Cold Springs; Citizens ^-W
Cottage Grove; Citizens 164.25
Crookston; Citizens $163.95
Presbyterian Sunday school 12-07
School children 23 -67
199.69
Delhi; Presbyterian church 23.00
Delano; Citizens 125.00
Des Moines (see Belmont.)
Detroit; H. E. Sargent $100.00
St. Luke's church 15.00
Mrs. J. K. West 10.00
125.00
Dexter; Citizens 35.60
Duluth; received and disbursed by local committee, $11,850 a
Dover; Citizens, per H. Brown 137.40
Dundas; Citizens of Dundas and vicinity $125.00
Citizens of Dundas and vicinity 40.00
165.00
Echo; Village , 52.50
Elbow Lake; Citizens 114.00
Elizabeth; Village council 50.00
Elk River; Y P. S. C. E. of Union church $41.57
Village 60.00
101.57
Excelsior; Citizens 153.30
Fairmont; Villa,ge 100.00
Fairfax; Citizens and Village 65.35
Faribault; M. E. Church $1200
Circuit M. E. Church . 23.50
Citizens 890.94
926.44
W G. Le Crone, to Pine City committee $7, (see page 38)..
Farmington; F. C. Davis 200.00
Farwell; Citizens $93.70
Citizens ... 5.25
98.96
Fergus Falls; Citizens 250.00
Fisher: Citizens $156. CO
School children 5 OQ
^. H. Bain 250
163.50
Fort Snelling; Company B, Third Infantry, U. S. A., per St. Paul
committee 23 00
Garden City; Baptist church, per Minneapolis committee jj 00
Report of State Commission.
31
a Amount estimated; no report received.
Glencoe; A. H. Reed $100.00
Village 50. OC
St. P. and St. Luke's church 37.00
St. Peter and Pad Church 3.00
A. J. Brechet (per St. Paul committee) 1.00
- $191.00
Gienwood; Women's Union Missionary Society $28.41
Women's Union Missionary Society .60
29.01
Graceville; Citizens 111.50
Grand Rapids (see Grand Rapids, Mich.)
Green Isle; Brendam'a Church 29.15
Good Thunder; Citizens 47.55
Hancock; Citizens 24.00
Halstead; Citizens 86.25
Harmony; Citizens $138.36
T. Sanderson 3.00
141. 3&
Harris; Village, to Pine City committee, $100 (see page 38)
Citizens, to Pine City committee, 537.75 (see page 38)
P. H. Stolberg, to Pine City committee, $100 (see page 33)
Hastings; City $500.00
St. Boniface church $25.00
525.00
Hawley; Citizens $94.10
Citizens 5.75
- 09. 85-
Hay Creek; Citizens $20.50
Citizens 5.75
26.25
Haytteld; H. Bock 5.00
Henderson; Citizens 128.25'
Heron Lake; Citizens 145.00
Hitterdal; Norwegian Lutheran church 15.36
Hutchinson; Citizens, Hutchinson and vicinity 122.60
Citizens 2.00
124.80
Houston; Citizens 175.00
Ironwood; Camp M. W. of America No. 2384 10.00
Isanti; P. E. Fredin, to Pine City committee, $2 (see page 38)
Janesville; Citizens 110. OG
Jordan; Business men -. $105.00
A. O. U. W 20.75
Masonic Lodge of King Hiram 30.00
155.75
Kasota; Citizens (per Minneapolis committee) 56_00
Report of State Commission.
Mrs. W S Carslow . .
5.00
Kenyon; German Lutheran church, per Minneapolis committee...
$8.75
00.00
ATm a lis committee
25 00
25 00
250 00
24 35
100 00
$25 20
1 00
Lakefi^ld- School children
10.00
Lake Park; Nannenstad & Wangen&tein
Citizens
$5.00
40 00
Lakeville; Citizens (through C. H. French)
$25.00
59.50
La Prairie* Village
25.50
Le Roy; Citizens, per Minneapolis committee
46.33
$125.45
31.25
Lindstrom; Citizens, to Pine City committee, $83 (see page 38)..
Litchfleld; Village
Little Falls; Mrs. Sophia Hinter, per St. Paul committee
Long Prairie; Village
A. O. U. W. .
Long Lake; Citizens
Citizens ..
$50.00
Luverne; Citizens ...
Madelia; Citizens
Mankato; Mankato Lodge No. 225, B. P. O. Elks, per St. Paul
committee $50.00
Ladies of Mankato 142.00
F. F. Holm 3.00
Citizens 365.00
Mantorville; Village
Maple Plain; Citizens, per Minneapolis committee.
Mapleton; A. O. U. W
Citizens . .
70.00
20.00
139.52
204.00
560.90
100.00
15.00
$10.00
126.00
Report of State Commission.
33
Minneapolis; Thos. A. Matthews (per St. Paul commimttee) $5.00
Frank Spencer 5.00
Democratic state convention delegates 294.26
Scandinavian relief committee 1,563.97
Wholesale merchants' discount on merchandise 13.47
Minneapolis relief committee 25,890.16
Total contributed from Minneapolis 27,771.86
Deduct: Disb'sed by Mayor Eustis for fire sufferers (see p. 9) 3,652.46
24,119.40-
Money Creek; Miss G. Brown $1.00
Miss Olive Holland 5.00
J. Holland 5.00
ll.OO
Montevideo; Business men 40.75
Montgomery; Village 178.00
Monticello; Relief committee 59.50
Moorhead; Citizens 414.00
Mountain Lake; A. O. U. W 10.50
New Prague; Citizens 180.00
Xew Trier; Citizens 80.00
New Ulm; August Schell $25.00
Carl \Y. A. Krook 10.00
Citizens 200.00
A. O. U. W 25.00
Maennerchor .: 10.00
Citizens 172.00
Congregational church 50.00
492.00
North Branch; Citizens, $100, to Pine City committee (see p. 38).
Northfield; Citizens ; 600.00
North St. Paul; Village (per St. Paul committee) 21.50
Norwood; Citizens 70.00
Nylia; Citizens 5.00
Ortonville; Citizens $66.50
First Congregational church 4.25
70.75
Oslo; Dodge county, M. J. Ellingson $5.00
Owatonna; per Rev. J. R. Chamberlain $148.50
Citizens 32.25
180.75
Pelican Rapids; Citizens $100.00
W. C. T. U 5.00
105.00
Perham; I. O. O. F $25.00
Village 100.CO
Sunday school children 1.00
126.00
34
Report of State Commission.
Pine City; Relief committee, sundry donations received (see pages
38, 39) ............................................................... $2,521.79
Disbursed by local committee ............................. $1,372.72
Returned money furnished by St. Paul local com-
mittee (see page 36) ......................................... 500.00
Citizens, $10.50, to Pine City committee (see page 38).. - 1,872.72
649.07
Pine Island; Citizens .............. ......................................... $51.03
Citizens .................................................................... 45 - 50
Citizens .................................................................... 1-70
- 9?10
Pipestone; Daily Star relief fund ....................................... $40.00
Daily Star relief fund ................................................... 32.21
Citizens ................................................................... 25.16
- 97.37
Plainview; Ladies of the Liberal league .. ............................ $33.71
Churches .................................................................. 45.00
- 78.71
Prairieville; Citizens ........................................................ 5.00
Preston; Base ball bonelit ................................................ 60.75
Prior Lake; L. J. Gossel ................................................. 2.00
Quincy; Town of Quincy ................................................... 50.10
Redwing; Dr Chas. N. Hewitt ..................... ...................... $25.00
City ............................................................... .......... 500.00
Scandinavian Benevolent Society .................................... 25.00
"Cash" ...................................................... . ............. 2.00
- : - 552.00
Redwood Falls; J H. Bowers ............................................. $5.00
Citizens .................................................................... 30.00
Citizens .................................................................... 39.27
- 74.27
Renvttle; Citizens ............................................................ 113.08
Rice's; Village ....................... ....................................... 100.00
Rlchland; M. E. Church .................................................... $10.75
Baptist church .......................................................... 14.10
- 24.85
Rochester; City ............................................................ $500.00
Citizens ................................................................... 444.50
- . 944.50
Rosemount; Citizens .................. .................... ............. $73.75
Dan Carroll ............................................................... 2.00
- 75.75
Royalton; Citizens ......................................... ........ , ..... 45.00
Rush City; Village, to Pine City committee, $250 (see page 89).
Rushford; Citizens ......................................................... $101.00
Citizens ............................................ : .............. .......... LOO
102.00
Rutledge; Rutledge Lumber Co. (discount) .................... 7.74
Report of State Commission.
35
Employes Rutledge Lumber Co., to Pine City committee, $100
Employes Rutledge Lumber Co., to Pine City committee, $175
Sacred Heart; Citizens 50.75
St. Charles; Citizens $100.00
A. O. U W (per St Paul committee) 10.00
110.00
St. Cloud; $1,254.46 rec'd and disb'd by local com. (see p. 40)
St. Henry; Citizens 3.50
St. Hilaire; Ladies' Aid society 25.90
St Louis Park; Citizens (per Minneapolis committee) 56.00
St. James; Citizens 280.48
St. Paul; Officers Germania Life Insurance Co $100.00
Conheim, Bros 25.00
B. C. Lindquist 5.00
K. M. Bowler 10.00
Sharood & Crooks 109.25
Thomas Wilson, Sept. 5 50.00
Thomas WiLson, Sept. 22 50.00
J. Rowe 20.00
J. J. Hill C.OOO.OO
Supreme Lodge Knights of Pythias of the United States CCO.OO
C. S. Ross, Turn Vereiii 150.00
"Cash" 15.00
"Cash" 25.00
George B. Edgerton 20.00
"Cash" i 1.00
G. C. Jacobs 3.00
Stranger 1.00
Builders' Exchange '... 25.00
"Friend" .25
Aurelius Bros 5.00
Isidor Rose 25.00
J. S. Proctor 5.00
H. M. Barnet, manager excursion to Hinckley 50.00
Employes West Publishing Co 137.50
Engineer Bast and Conductor Powers, of Eastern Minn. Ry... 5.00
Children's Home Finder, by E. P. Savage 5.00
Loyal Legion of Temperance, by Mrs. L. L. Maire 2.50
D. Morrison, of Duluth 1.00
Mrs. Dapron 1.00
Wholesale merchants (discount on merchandise) 119.62
St Paul relief committee 13,325.54
:St. Paul relief committee (per Pine City relief committee) 5CO.CO
.St. Paul relief committee (per J. F. Jackson) 45.00
Total contributed from St. Paul $23,086.66
36
Report of State Commission.
Deduct: Disbursed for fire sufferers by local committee (s?e
page 9) ................................................................... 1.E09.01
"W. P. Broug-hton, to Pine City committee, $23 (see p. 33) ......
St. Peter; C. F. Brown ..................................................... $5. CO
"Fats and Leans" Base Ball ......................................... 231.60
Citizens .................................................................. ... 115.77
St. Thomas; Catholic Church ..............................................
Sauk Center; City and citizens ..........................................
Sleepy Eye; Village ........................................................
South Wilton; Sunday school .............................................
Spring-field; "Concert" .......................................................
Soudan (see Tower).
Spring- Valley; Citizens .....................................................
Stillwater; Citizens, to Pine City committee, $200 (see page 39).
P. Huntoon, to Pine City committee, $5 (see page 3).
$2,830 received and distoarsed by Stillwater local committee
Stewart; Village Council ...................................................
Citizens .....................................................................
Sturgeon Lake; A. H. Clark, $5.00, to Pine City committee
Geo. E. Cunningham, $23.00, to Pine City committee
F. Chimielewski, $5.00, to Pine City committee (see p.
Taylors Falls; to Pine City committee, $394,GO (see paga 39).
Hon. A. F. Anderson, to Pine City committee, $3)
Tower and Soudan; Citizens
Thief River Falls; Norwegian Lutheran Evangelical church
Vernon Creek; \V. C. T. U
Wabasha; Citizens
Waconia; Citizens
Warren ; Car wheat sold at 73 cents per bushel
Waseca; People ..................................................... ., m
Churches ........................................................ ,
(see
(see
39).
(see
Wasioja; Mrs. Mary Mason
Township of Wasicja, per St. Paul committ
Watertown; Citizen3
Waterville; Citizens
Citizens
Watson Creek; Sewing society
West Duluth; S. A. Ebert, to Pine City committee, $25 (see
21,577. C5
382.37
23.00
332. -D
23.00
7.79
28.4D
$50.00
55.00
$79 42
94.50
$1.25
100.00
402.48
15.58
8.50
100.00
150.00
478.10
101.25
7855
67.85
Report of State Commission.
3T
White Bear; South Side Sunday school, per St. Paul committee...
Citizens, to Pine City committee, $196.17 (see page 39).
A. L. Linau, to Pine City committee, $5.00 (see page 39).
White Earth; Citizens
Willmar; Village $182.00
Citizens .. 25.15
Windom; J H. Clark
Winona; Citizens
Worthington; Citizens
\Vykoff; Citizens
Wylie; Citizens
Wyoming; Citizens, to Pine City committee, $83 (see page 39).
Young America: A. S. Malmgren
1,500.00
28.33
32.00
14.50
Total from Minnesota $70,147.50
EXHIBIT C.
RECAPITULATION OF HOUSES' ERECTED AND ALLOTMENTS OF LUM-
BER MADE TO FIRE SUFFERERS.
LOCALITY.
5
2
5_o
(S^
H
o
o
P3
w
EU
"^
hinckley village
33
6
7
4V
Hinckley vicinity
8
6
10
34
Sandstone village
SO
5
23
3
eo
Sandstone vicinity
2
2
6
Pokegama
4
4
3
11
Mission Creek
1
7
3
11
Sandstone Juncticn
4
5
5
11
Finlayson
5
7
2
14
Miller
1
1
4
Partridge
1
3
4
Grindstone Lake
2
1
3
Pine City vicinity
2
1
3
Rutledge
2
2
Brown's Hill
1
1
Ru c h City
j
Totals ..
96
53
62
4
215
EXHIBIT D.
RJDPORT OF PINE CITY LOCAL. COMMITTEE.
Receipts.
Illinois; Sunday-school at Aurora,
Sunday-school at Biswood
$5.CO
1.77
$6.77
38
Report of State Commission.
Iowa; Dr. Hukins & Bro 10.00
New York; Citizen of Cambridge 5.00
A. P. Noyes 2.50
P. A. Guthrie 1.00
"Unknown" 1.00
Mr. and Mrs. R. F. Paxton 5.CO
Mrs. W. De Hart 1.00
Alexandria, Minn.; Rev. H. B. F. Lansem 15.00
Bald Eagle; P. Leary 1.00
Harris; P. H. Stalberg $100.00
Citizens of Harris 37.75
'illage of Harris 100.00
237.75
Faribault; W. C. Le Crone 7.00
Isanti; P. E. Fedine 2. CO
Lindstrom; Citizens 1 83.00
North Branch; Citizens 100.00
Rutledge; Rutledge Lumber Company $103.00
Employes of Rutledge Lumber Company 17:. CO
275.00
St. Paul; local committee $5GO.CO
W. B. Broughton 25. CO
$525.00
Rush City; Village 250.00
Stillwater ; Citizens $200.00
P. Huntoon 5.00
205.00
Sturgeon Lake; A. H. Clark $5. CO
George E. Cunningham . 25.CO
F. Chimielewski 5.CO
35.00
Taylors Falls; Citizens $334.60
Aug. F. Anderson 50. CO
444.60
West Duluth; L. A. Elbert 25.00
White Bear; Citizens $198.17
A. L. Lienau 5-CO
. 201.17
Wyoming; Citizens' 83 00
Total receipts $2 521 79
Disbursements.
Paid orders drawn by Pine City relief committee for relief of flre
sufferers $1,372.72
Paid Kenneth Clark, treasurer State Relief Commission, account
St. Paul local committee 500 QQ
Paid Kenneth Clark, treasurer- State Relief Commission 649.07
Total disbursements $2 521 79
Report of State Commission. 39
REPORT OF THE CLOQUET LOCAL COMMITTEE.
Receipts.
Cash contributions $989.85
Disbursements.
Lumber purchased for fire sufferers in Carlton and Pine counties. $306.76
Merchandise purchased for Carlton county sufferers 361.83
Freight paid on same 31.14
Cash to Cromwell fire sufferers 60.00
Expenses of the committee 30.12
Total disbursements
Additional contributions of lumber, clothing, groceries, furniture,
etc., distributed to fire sufferers 900.00
REPORT OF THE STILLWATER LOCAL COMMITTEE.
Receipts.
Cash contributiors $3,000.00
Disbursements.
To Pine City local committee $200.00
Expended for the relief of fire sufferers 2,800.00
Total disbursements $3,000.00
Additional contributions of lumber, provisions and clothing, dis-
tributed to fire sufferers 3,000-00
REPORT OF THE WHITE BEAR LOCAL COMMITTE'S.
Receipts.
Cash donations $359.50
Disbursements.
To Pine City local committee $196.17
Expended for relief of fire sufferers 146.24
Dalance subject to order of State Relief Commifsion 17.C9
Total disbursements $:53.50
The above report do33 not include donations of provisions, clothing, etc.
REPORT OF ST. CLOUD LOCAL COMMITTEE.
ST. CLOUD, Minn., Dec. 26, 1894.
Hon. C. A. Pillsbury, Chairman Minnesota State Fire Relief Com-
mission, Minneapolis, Minn.
Etear Sir: At the request of your Honorable Commission, the
St. Cloud Committee entered upon the duties assigned to it in dis-
tributing the relief to the suffering settlers at and around the vil-
lage of Milaca, who lost property in the recent disastrous forest
fires, and beg herewith to submit 'a complete report of the aid ex-
tended in that locality.
40 Report of State Commission.
TREASURER'S STATEMENT.
Receipts.
From State Fire Relief Commission 4,132.50
Cash contributions 1,254.46
Total receipts
Disbursements.
Net amount expended for Milaca sufferers 4,529.47
Goods bought and sent to Pokegama 414.90
Caring for Joseph Zonyea (Pokegama sufferer) at St. Raphael's
Hospital, St. Cloud 142.02
Expenses of committee, agents' salaries, clerk hire and rent 300.57
Total disbursements $5,38S.S6
The clothing and provisions contributed by the citizens of St. Cloud and the
clothing shipped by the State Commission to Milaca are not included in the above
statement, but were distributed among the needy sufferers gratuitously.
While we have aimed to do equal and exact justice to all, we may
have failed in some cases through unreliable information, although
we have been very careful to pass upon no application until investi-
gated by our own agent and approved by him, and then submitted
to the local relief committee at Milaca and in turn approved by it.
Believing that we could better serve the interests of the sufferers
by furnishing them with such goods as they needed, bought by us
at wholesale prices for cash, than to give them money to use in their
limited market:, we rented a vacant store building in the village of
Milaca, shipped in staple goods consisting mostly of groceries
and supplies and placed in charge of the station thus established
i.lr. John F. Jerrard, of this city, who proved well qualified for the
position.
We have paid out less than; $200 to the sufferers in money, fur-
nishing them nearly the full amount of their allowance in goods at
cost, charging nothing for freight or the handling of the goods.
You will notice from this report that \ve have expended in relief
$1,254.46 in excess of the amount received from your commission,
which was paid from a fund contributed by the citizens of St. Cloud
and vicinity.
In this connection w r e will state that we bought goods to the
amount of $414.90, which, with one carload of contributed good>
we took to Pokegama on the 3d day of September, being the first
relief from the outside brought into that locality. Subsequently
another carload of provisions, fjuilding material, tools and clothing
was sent to Pokegama which was placed at their own disposal.
On September 3d we also left at Pokegama a crew of men who
searched the country, and, with the aid of the Rev. William Wilkin-
Report of State Commission. 41
son, who arrived later, gave burial to seventeen bodies at the ex-
pense of our committee.
In addition to the aid rendered these people at Milaca, as enum-
erated in the following schedules, your commission sent a large
amount of clothing there, on which our committee paid the freight
and our agent, Mr. Jerrard, assisted the Milaca committtee in
distributing the same.
As many of these sufferers live in the wxxxb, we did not deem it
advisable to build all frame houses and buildings, but furnished only
such material as could not be obtained in the surrounding timber,
and, in our opinion, they are all comfortably housed. The amount
expended in this direction was about $1,000.
It is our judgment that a large number of these Milaca people will
need seed and farming utensils in the spring with which to carry on
their farming operations, and we presume that the legislature will
take proper action in the premises.
\\'e wish to acknowledge the valuable assistance and hearty co-
operation of the local committee at Milaca which contributed imme-
diate relief to many of the sufferers previous to the action taken by
us.
The expenses of distribution of relief will be between five and six
per cent, and we believe that we have very nearly succeeded in sat-
isfying the sufferers in that locality, and trust that our efforts will
receive the approval of your honorable commission.
(Signed by) H. J. AXDERSOX, President;
ALYAH EASTMAN, Secretary;
JOHN COATES,
JOHN DE LES,
J. F. BRADFORD,
St. Cloud Local Committee.
EXHIBIT E.
LIST OF SUFFERERS BY FOREST FIRES SEPTEMBER,
1894, REGISTERED BY THE STATE RELIEF
COMMISSION.
NOTE. The registration is intended to include all of the fire sufferers,
whether they received relief or not. Under "received relief" are included all
who received relief, however small in amount, consisting, in some cases, only
of railroad transportation or a few articles of clothing.
"w" Indicates widow or widower.
Report of State Commission.
HIXCKLEY FIRE DISTRICT.
HINCKLEY.
= o>
NAME fe|
Present nt
time of fire.
Not present
time of tire.
o
Nels Parsons 1 7
7
Chas. Lund I 4
Wm. Kelly i 5
4
T
4
4,....
5'. . . .
L. H. Clow 6
6
6 ....
B. L. Clow i
i
i . . . .
Nels Wingren 4
John McNamara . . i
4
i
4....
I 1 . ,
Eske Norton i
Oscar Hanson i
Jos. Cloutier I
Carl La Brass i
i
i
i
i
i . . . .
i ....
i ....
i . . . .
Jas. O. Burse 3
2
I
-?
Chas. Borg . 2
2
Frank Beckwith . 2
I
I
2
Chas. Fraser i
I
Henrv Carter i
I
Chas. Carter i
Mary Hanson i
I
Hans Wingren i
j
Andrew Nelson 7
Rev. A. Holmgren 3
I
3!
John E. Hanson . c
1
James Rowley i
I
I
Nat Richner i
T
ll
Nicholas Pau!sc:i i
I
Louis Uhlin i i
T
Albert Schlussler 3
-3
August Schlussler 2
Win. Ricketson c.
O
I
I
Martin Anderson
J
. . . .
Victor Borg 1
Samuel Richards
| ....
Fred Anderson
Ole Johnson
Jos Lund 1
....
w. Hans Paulson
T I
w. John Bean 2
1
T
Iol
John Gustafson
21: ...
j
Nels Benson ..
T
....
Report of State Commission.
43
NAME.
Persons
included.
*!
*o
V <D
PH..-
11
43 <O
H
1-
|!
0-3
I s
Received no
relief.
Gust Bjork
2
2
2
John Espenbach
4
I
7
I
7
Peter Jensen
I
I
I
O L Setterluncl
I
I
I
C I Bray . .
I
I
1
Peter Clint
4
4
A
C A Carlson
I
i
I
Peter Hokan^on
7
7
w. Mrs Otto Olson
I
I
I
w Mrs John Westerlund
i
i
I
\v Nels Frisk
i
i
I
Joseph Barden
8
8
8
Chas. Larson
4
4
4
w. Mrs. Chris. Tornell
i
i
i
vv. Airs. Lucy Alichelmore
i
i
Hans Hokanson
2
vv Lvddy Detheck
i
I
Fred Bergquist
*
Jennie Irish
i
I
vv Dan Donahue
T.
T.
7
Robert Dowling
7
'I
7
w. W. B. Grissinger
w. Martin Alartinson
2
2
2
2
2
2
L. A. Beeman
T.
T.
7
Ted Warberton
C.
C
Anthony Anderson >
2
2
2
vv \Vm Beeniis
I
I
I
Andrew Johnson
I
I
I
W H Novvark
I
I
I
John Stanchfield
q
C
\v John Hawley
8
8
8
F \ Gustafson
2
2
7
Adolph Anderson . .
I
I
T
John Alarig'an
T.
7
7.
Xels Setterquist
T
I
T
Albert Fraser
C
C
5
A
Eric Nelson
I
I
i
i\j L Elsmore
1
I
I
C Al Johnson
I
ll
i
I
I
C A Duff
si
i
7,
Mr<; Marv McNeil ..
ti
*"'l
al
44
Report Of State Commission.
gi
si
NAME "
PL,_3
Present at
time of fire.
Not present
time of fire.
Received
relief.
Received no
relief.
Geo Lott 3
4|
7|
H A Schmalin r 3
?\
E. J. McEachron . 6
^
6
John Erickson 4
4 . .
4-!
Ole Rosclahl 7
7
Jos Tew Q
IQ
Jos Kronenberg 7
7\
Thos Reppl .. i
I
j
Peter Dahlstrom . . I
l|
j |
Gus. Martinson i
I|
j !
Kels Anderson 4
4.1
Hilma Johnson I
l|
rl
John W. Stockholm 5
\Vm Craig "?
Si--.-
o|
5!...-
w. Mike Connor 3
0!
r
....
7|
Wm. Barrett i
T
w. Mrs. Marv Booth 3
0|
ol
w. Benj. Sweet ... c
o\ '
c
ol
C
J. M. Currie ! 5
c
?
John Larson !
J
Oi
I
Peter Palm
!
T|
C. A. Almquist
Peter Flinn . . )
2
o
Sam. Newland .. .
I
.
R. A. Freeman 1
1 1 '
j
w. John Blanchard 2
2l
Aaron Olson 5
C
e
Emil Olson . 2
ol
Soren Johnson ... i
^1 ....
TJ
Andrew Peterson . | i
T l
1| . . . .
T
Andrew Stone 3
7l
7l
Mike Dunn 3
ol
ol
i'"
Newman Ewings i
ol
j
?;:::
Allen Wight 3
7
11. . . .
-ji
Pat Connaker <p
31-
31-
Louise Heisler | j
^ 7
7
T
Tena Heisler ... j
i | ....
T 1
J. Fitzgerald I
T
I|. . . .
T I
Stella Bishop I
1| . . . .
I
I|. . . .
T
w. A. E. Craig 2
Henrv Richards .. o
Carl Vanhooven j|
9 ....
Q
T
Geo. J. Morast .. 1 2
?
I| . . . .
ol
Report of State Commission.
45
NAME.
ll
3
o>"o
Present at
time of firo.
c *
$
1
ll
Received
relief.
Received no
relief.
Orville Cox 3
7
7 . .
E. D. Mitchell 6
6
6....
Chas McKean i
i
i
w Lee Webster i
i
i
D McLaren i
i
James Rilev .... i
i
i
w Douglas Greelev 3
i
2
?
C. R. Lonergan .... i
i
i
Mrs. Mary Norton 6
2
A
6
S. G. Hallman 2
2
2
John Yanderbeck 5
C
cl
Horace Gorton . . i
T
I
Mrs. Ella Thompson 2
-7
2
w. Mike Lynch . 3
7.
3 . .
Frank Baumchen i
I'. ...
Dan Mclver 6
6
6
Wm. Schmaling i
Jos. Williams 8
i
8
i|....
8
w. Peter Johnson I
i
i . . . .
Frank Morgan 3
T.
7|. .
w. Chas. Xystrom i
I
Anton CoJberg i
I
j
Henrv Garberg i
I
l|....
Louis Xelson 2
2
2i
Peter Gustafson i
I
I
Stiner Peterson . . i
I
I
Fred Hanson i
I
I
James Hanley i
I
I . .
John Frisk I
I
l|
John Xelson i
I
l|.. .
Xels Cox i
I
l|
Thomas O'Gorman Q
o!
Garrett Corrigan 3
2
-j
H P Hanson . i
I
i
Noble Wilson i
Andrew Anderson 4
I
4
i....
4
Andrew Granstrom 4
A
A\
w Herman Stehnke 1 3
\
7
1\
John Hogan 1 2
\ ->
2\
w M Hammond i
I
T
J O Coffin 4
1
A\
Henrv Coffin I 2
I
4| ....
2 \
Geo. D. Bartlett . . I
I
ll..
Report of State Commission.
NAME.
II J|
P4 3 g
Not present
time of fire.
Received
relief.
Received no
relief.
w. Nels Nelson
j i
il . ,
Pat Lawless
3! T.
7 . .
John Brennan . . .
ol c
Phillip Baumchen
C. J. Johnson
i i
i i
I ....
IJ
Jos Russell
2 2
2
Nels Mortenson
6 6
61
John McGinnis . .
j i
John H Nelson
i i
Carrie Peterson
i i
Ole Johnson
T I
w. Geo. W. Roach
9
Thos. Campbell
I I
I
James Cummins ....
I I
T
John Lindstrom . . .
I I
J
M. L. Miller
4.1 A
4.1
John Luchsinger
61 6
6
T. T. Clark
il i
T
w. Mary Cathcart
j
Nellie Me Go wan
i i
J
Phil. Barrett ....
w. Mrs. Nancy Murphy
A A
....
James Duff
5c
rl
Clara Turgeon
il I
01
Hans Olson
4 A
J. H. Willard
I j
Dr. E. L. Stephan
I i
Wm. Dunn
j j
1 T
w. Mrs. Sarah Barry
Emil Bjork
6....
il i
6
6'....
i
Wm. Cathcart
4.1 4.
4.1
H. S. Bartlett
i! i
j
D. S. Scott
r r
Chas. Lind
J\ J
9. 1
Chas. Olson
d *
....
Eva Hopkins . .
Ol J
....
A. Williams
il i
T
Hjalmer Lundborg ..
I J
1
W. F. Gray
ol -3
I
Joe DeMarsh
il T
o,
Chas. Lawson
2l 2!
J. T. Craig
2 9\
w. Mrs. Henrv Hanson ..
7 7l
7
Beport of State Commission.
NAME.
S"S
II
-^a
;|
g"S
% c
.
Not present
time of fire.
Received
relief.
Received no
relief.
James Morrison ...
2
2
2
Rev. Peter Knutson
2
2
2
S. W. Anderson
4
4
4
Alex. Cameron
2
2
2
Pat Glennon
I
I
I
Alich Marooney
I
I
I
H W Miller
7
Chas Warner
I
I
I
James Karri cr an
I
I
I
Wm J Hughes
6
6
6
John Sjocjuist
^
7
7
Isidore Cohen
c.
I
A
c
Ida Larson . ...
I
I
I
Luther Trotter
I
I
I
Charles Swanson
I
I
I
Benj. C. Bartlett
-7
7
7
\v. Mrs. Axel Hanson
4
4
James Jordan ,
8
8
8
Ernest Leske
c
i
A
e
T. H. Young
c
c
c
R. C. Saunders
I
i
I
A. C. Hav
I
i
I
Louis Davis
i
I
John Welch
J
i
I
D. Brennan . . . .
_
7
7
Mike Carlson
I
I
I
August Lindborg ....
I
I
T
Jos. Carl
I
I
\v. Marv M. Pratt
7
7
7
John Westman
I
I
T
Larry Murphy
I
I
T
Frank Lord
A
I
J
Thos. W. Bartlett
J
I
T
John Brodie . .
I
I
I
Oscar Knowlton . . ,
I
I
I
John Miller
2
2
2
w. John Cathcart
I
I
T
Geo. Nevers
T
7
Al Olena
I
I
Mav Vaughn
J
I
j
John Armstrong
T
I
I
w. John McNaman
John K. Anderson ..
4
q
4
;
....
4
;
....
48
Report of State Commission.
NAME.
S"S *<
Andrew Carlson
I
il ^
Alfred Sockv
i
I
i
J. E. Welsinger
I
I
j
John Roach
I
I
i
Pat. Hogan
I i
I
i
Nelson Henry
A
A
4.!
w. Mrs. Fritz Droel
Wm. Jordan
I 6
2,
2
6
6|....
2\
Joe Rilev
2
2
^| ....
Chas. Enge
j
j
T
Mike Garitv
| 2
2
2
Paul Cornier
j
j
j
w. Airs. Cecelia Johnson
i ^
2
2 \
H. Xiblette
I
I
l|
Ed. Mason
I
j
T
w. B. A. Larson
3
?!
August Borg
2.
2
Oi
2
R. J. Hawlev
I
T
l|
Andrew Campbell
j
j
j !
Otto Skamser
j
T
C. J. Nelson
Mrs. Ida Janda
j
T
j|
Freda Grandberg
j
J
Delore Fortin . .
T |
w. John Braff ...
i| . . . .
A\
Chas. Bjorklund
4
- I
T
41 ....
w. Sam Estes
j j
Ed. Carlson
T
T
....
Nels Anderson . .
Q
01
....
Tames Love
o
| 2
J
0| .....
Albert Lundgrcn
1 i
ll
J
Christ. Dolmseth
J. T. Hawlev
' I
| j
I
T
I ....
James Vishert
1 !
. . . .
Wm. Vishert
j
. * . .
J
E. L. Neslund ...
1 T
T
II. ...
Frank Jensen
T
I
T l
John Anderson
T
M
Walter Scott
I ....
J. F. Larson
' 4
| j
4
f\
41
Axel Rosdahl
| j
i
T i
. . . .
, i
Peter Nelson
r
_,
Geo. Turgeon
, f
T
b
5
T
Report of State Commission.
49
NAME.
^ ^"-^
s
Elmer Torberson . . . | I
| i
ij. . . .
Rich. Underwood I
I
i . . . .
w. Mrs. Nels Nelson 6
6 ....
6 ....
Joe Wigue i
i|
i|
Paul Johnson i
i -
i
Dr D W Cowan i
i ,
i
Albert Erickson i
i
i
John Peterson 3
7|. .
John Anderson i
I
I ....
Andrew Peterson i
I .
w. Mrs. Claire Turgeon 4
4 I
A. Richner .... . . . 2
4. .
2 ....
2 ....
[oe Savoy . . . 6
6|
6
Mrs Johanna Gustafson 2
2 ....
2 ....
Hans Tofte i
I ....
l|. . . .
Josephine Turg-eon i
Geo. Parish i
I
I
I
i!....
Anton Larson 7
7- '
7)
Frank Decoursev 2
2 ....
2 . . . .
Richard Nesbitt i
ll....
I
A F Murray i
I
j
Rebecca Sandber" i
I
l|
Sadie Henry i
l|
I ....
Albert Xelson . . i
I ....
I . . . .
Thomas Lane ... 3
T.I. .
^
Emma Olson i
I ....
l\
Louis Lundy i
Aaron Gustafson i
. . . . I
.... I
i].-...
ll....
Mary Anderson i
I
I . . . .
Frank Alurrav i
I ...
I . . . .
\Vm Fitzsimmoiij i
ll
I . . . .
Peter Cox i
.... I
I . . . .
w John Sullivan i
.... I
7
7
Ed. Mickelson i
ij
i . . . .
w Airs Charlotte Hnnsc'i i
I
i ...
Xavier Bone . 2
2 ....
2 . . . .
Fric Johnson i
I
I . . . .
Mons Cleveland i
i!....
l|
\Vm Johnson i
i
l|
Chas. Olin i
i ....
I . . . .
Kate Nelson . i
i|
i!
John Brothen . . I
i .-.
i
150
Report of State Commission.
II
NAME. . U
P-l Z
Present fit
time of fire.
P
S'-s
b
l|
O
!'
Rcceivofl no
relief.
Mike O'Gara I
I
T. Sparemell I
I
Jesse Oilman .... i
I
Robert Johnson . i
I
Frank Swenson i
I
Ole Hanson ! 4
-j
4.
\v. Hannah Risberg 5
*^
c;
Albert Wickstrom i
I
Wm. Carlson ... i
j
M. A. Stroinskv . .. i
I
j
Wm. Lee i
I
I
Harrv Olson 1 i
I
j
G. j. Albrecht 4
Chas. O. Anderson 7
7
7"
Clias. Peterson 3
?
1
Peter Peterson i 2
2
2
M. S. Collins i
I
I
w. Airs. John Burke 1 4
A
Ben Xelson . I 4
Henrv Maps i i
^
j
j
Joe Fournier ' i
j
j
John Hopkins . . 1 i
j
C. Warberton 1
J
j
Mrs. W. M. Stevens ^
-3
Dennis Dunn i i
I
I
O. Rasmusson ! i
T
j
T. J. Sweenev ! j
I
I
w. Marinda Ricketson ! i
I
I
Martin Westrud 7
7
Christ Peterson ! 4
Christ Britton j 2
....
..
Annie Hintz !
J
....
. -
Helen Peterson .... i
H. D. Davis " i 8
August Walden | j
7
j
Oscar Anderson ! i
Jos. Arndt i I
Jesse Badgeron I 2
" " ' *
Louis Bedard i
' * * *
Otto Berg I j
7
. . . .
Victor Borg !
. . . .
* * ' *
Albert Borg j
, i
Victor Carlson .
A
....
i
A\
Report of State Commission.
51
-e c
1-3 **
w. Andrew Carlson
1 i i
i| i
3l 3
i i
8| 8
l \ l
lOJ 10
i| i
i i
I
T
I,
James T. Fairchild
I
3
"8
James Hemming .
Ole Frederickson . . .
James W. Green
Sim Green
Andrew Gunderson
10
HUD Gustatson
Conrad Gustafson .
Clara Hanson
i| i
4| 4
T
w. Alary Hanson
Frank Howard
Marta Hanson
I
Alex. Iverson
6
i
i
5
3
2
3
i
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
5
i
2
3
i
c
....
....
2
3
i
5
2
I
J. Peter Jenson
Anton Johnson
August Johnson
Marv Knowles
Rev E J Lawler
Dr Inez A Leg "
Martin Halmaas
Frank Miller
T A Miller
Mrs Laura Aliller
Thos Alaroney
Simon Nelson . .
John J. Oftelie .... . . ...
2
5
5
i
5
3
i
2
5
5
i
5
3
i
....
2
5
!
5
3
i
....
w. Andrew Olson
Christ. Olson
Christ. Olson
John Olson
Nels Olson
Michael O'Neil ...
John Potterud
4
i
i
3
2
4
5
i
4
i
3
2
I
5
i
j
3
4
i
i
1
i
5!
i|
i
A
3
Fred Robinson ,
^Marv Robinson
Chas Sleight
Cecelia Stockholm
Martin Sletten
O H Svastuen
Annie Swan son
Emily Swanson
Chris. T. Skamser . .
A
4l....
52
Report of State Comrnission.
NAME.
.
s I"
John Sletten 5
c
'
c
w. Mrs. Chas. Strum ... 3
7
7
Tollef Thompson i
Andrew Torgerson 3
I
7
I
. . . .
2
Ole Torgerson .... 2,
2
2
Louis Ronneberg I
T
I
\Vm Nixon 4
A
Emma Molin
I
J
Joseph Kroll
I
I
Swan Anderson
I
I
Chas. Swanson
c
John Wald .
J
Chas. Waliberg
I
....
Totals . , . . im8
QIO
T?8
021
TT7
HINCKLEY VICINITY.
Dan'l Hoffman
1 6
61
Herman Lindau
g
1 u
Q
....
O| . . . .
Q
w. George Weireter
T
....
0| . . . .
T
Fred Pino
j
1
....
i\ . . .
T|
Swan Johnson
A
A\
F. T. Russell
I
Otto Will
2
J
31-
A. L. Holm
6
g
f.
Simon Benton
2
2
Carl Jencke
C. A. Peterson
A
j
1
. . . .
A\
Thomas Henderson
7'
j
6
6
"7
A. G. Lindblad
/!
A\
Swan Johnson
41 ....
Peter Gustafson
7
o
J
John Best
,,
i
SI---.
Christian Best
4
T
4
T
4l . . . .
Wells De Long
1
2
2
Nels A. Wicklund ....
....
rl
E. O. Rask
....
A\""
John Bergman
4
41 . . . .
c i
Andrew Rask
51-
T i
Archie McGowan
j
A
j
A
i| . . . .
A\
Chas. Peterson
TO
ITO
41 ....
Tr>l
Ernst Weser, Jr
IOJ. . . .
T i
John Nelson
T
T
TJ
Report of State Commission.
53
si
P
NAME. e"o
P*_a
Present nt
Mine of firo.
Not present
time of tire.
o
1$ !*
|s gs
John Patrick 4
4
4! ....
Chas. J. Johnson 8
8
8...;
.Andrew Nelson I
I
l| ,
-Ernst \Yeser, Sr 2
2
2 ....
Henrv Hundertmark I
I
I ....
Samuel Xeil . 4
4
4 ....
Robert D. McDonald I
\v. Xoble Sherman I
I
i ....
i ....
Jos. Almsberger 5
3
2
c . .
Axel Peterson I
I
i
A W Peterson 2
2.
2!
w John Peterson 4
4.1
Emil Worp I
I
I
James Sexton .... I
I
I
Chas. Barriau . T
I
I
Christ. Sexton I
Jerry Sexton I
I
I
....
I ....
l|
Dennis Sexton I
I
T
Alike Fitzgerald 6
6
61
Frank Hanev i
j
T|
Gustav Wentz I
j
ji
Phillip Heist I
i
1 T
John Tenquist 5
c
ei
w. Mary J. Doremus 7
\v. Mrs. Christiana Cane 3
7
3
....
7|....
^
Chas. Holmstrom . o
Q!
M. C. Dean i
I
VI
l|
James Oredson i
1
j
Louis Paulson | 3
9\
\v. Mrs. Louis Chambers i
I
I .
H. Gender | 4
A
A]
John Lundburg i
T
4| ....
T I
Totals '( 183
171
12
i|. . . .-
l8l| 2
SAXDSTOXE.
Martin Nelson J i
\v. August Anderson I
T
ij
John Xelson . . i
T
T l
A. G. Johnson i
....
11 . . . .
r]
Frank Westergreen i
J
Otto Stafverfeldt . . 1 2
2
2
54
Report of State Commission.
si y
p g-s
NAME. '
Not present
time of fire.
Received
relief.
C
11
s
d
And. Lund ! T| i
l
I
1
Ralph Rasmusson ! i i
\V illiam Lindeke ! i i
I
I
George Friesendahl | i i
I
Hans Kruse ! 6 6
(-
Ernst Hogan i 2 2
J. W. Concannon 2 2
Peter Ogren ' A. i
-3
2
2
I
William Severt ; i i
j
James Carroll 3J 3
2
Charles F. Anderson ! 6| 6
Peter Jones i 5 5
....
6
Albert Glassow ... ' 5l 5
w. Angus Gunn 5 c
Christ. Heisler 4 4
I
Herman Gast i i
R. A. Smith 33
Stephen O'Xeil 10^ 10
Mike Bresnahan I i i
j
George Sutherland i i i
j
Charles Gustafson | 5 i
j
Charles Peterson . . i i
w. Ole Englund ^ i
Gus Stemvall j| j
Joe Hagelin .
....
C. Staples 4| i
Charles Feldt 5! j
4
A
Gust Peterson ! j
4
- 1
4
Charles Pearson .
W. 0. Pleas 7 7
7
....
M. Fitzsimmons I I
Octavo Dube 6 j
f.
....
Charles Upstrom ! l
Olaus Holm . A \
W. W. Jessmer
. . . .
4
-
Peter Lund
. . . .
5
M. Bullis d i
3
Ole Anderson
5
Thomas McCov . . i i
. . . .
4
August Rouvell 2
. . . .
1
Thomas Rorek if "i
. . .
Carl Eliason .... ' i i
John Monson g'
c
T
T
c
Report of State Commission.
NAME.
* -J
e* s "S . .
1"3 -g II 3%
SI Ss Is 3 s 1 B
E. O. Stenmark 7
I
4
I
2
4
I
I
6
i
7
2
4
i
3
3
4
i
I
i
p;
::::
::::
i
; .' ; .'
"5
3
7
4
Gus. Falk . . 2
John Falk .... I 4
Xels Flvkt i
William Lindblom . . 3
George Meader ^
Peter Peterson 4
Manda Falk I
Gus Holmquist 1 I
August Pearson . . i
X. W. Thompson .... . . i
i
6
i
4
8
4
i
4
6
9
2
4
2
I
3
i
3
i
i
3
i
i
3
7
i
Axel Westin 7
Ed. Halverson 6
E
2
I
7
4
*7
6
i
4
8
4
4
6
9
2
4
3
3
i
3
i
i
3
i
i
3
7
i
Nels Sjolander ' i
Eric \Vallin 1 4
John H Friesendahl 8
\eils Bjorklund . . ! 5
John Giertson 4
Ole Svvanson 3
Frank Hammerstad ^ 4
w. Ed. Linehan | 6
T E Erickson 9
w AlaTius Ortenbln 1 . . . J 2
John S. Lvnds 4
T P Runnell ' 3
C Kaljander 8
Henrv Wallin 3
John Sundin 3
A ictor Giertson 3
Gust Giertson ' i
Eric Hanson ] i
B. Bjorklund 3
Alatt Hakinson I 7
Alarv Re"an ! i
Gust E M611 3
3
5
....
3
5
....
N P Johnson 5
4
H
i
ii
....
4
2
I
I
::;;
Isaac Hassoo 2
E. Torell . i
56
Report of State Commission.
6
i
5
I C
)n
4
4
4
4
4 ... 5
r
c;
>n
i
T
I
m
9
5
5
9|....
5 ....
Hans Hanson
Noe Mireau . ,
Andrew Anderson
Eric Anderson
Charles Anderson
Ole Berglin
Peter Degerstroni
w. Edward Edstrom
Caroline Erickson
John Erickson
John P. Flood
Daniel J. Forin
Thomas W. Finn
Oscar Flood
George Gardner
Hugh Glenn
w. Anna Goldahl
Christ. Hanson !
Hilda Hawkinson
w. John Hops I
Eric Johnson j
Albert Johnson i
Andrew Kaleen j
Johanna Kindlund I
John Koepi . . ,
David Lafebore
Solomon Lundb
Harry Madison
Jennie Madison
w. Christine McElroy
Mauritz Mokato .
Gust Nelson .
E. P. O'Sell ....
John O'Neil
Gust Peterson . . .
Dennis Prenevost
John Robinson . .
John Rand
James Steward . .
Harvey Staples . .
Charles Sjolander
George Wilkes . .
Emil Nelson .
i . . . .
I ....
i|....
4\.'.'.'.
SI-...
2\. . . .
8|....
3l"-
6|....
fl::;:
7|....
9....
2|....
t::
- 1
.... i
I<~
r g
i
y
i
j
.... I
r
T
i
Iroy .
2
7
6 T
/
A
,,
.... 4
r
I
i
.... $
T
T
.... 4
SI"--
7.....
i . . . .
Si"-
9(....
l\'.'.'.
I..--
Report of State Commission.
11
XA.ME. ||
-M <B
B 1 ^ f
Swan Johnson 4
i| 3l '! 3
3' 7 - -
w. Andrew Hofflen .... . ! 3
C. G. Bergstrom i
I ....
I ....
6....
i .
ii
6....
" I
Edward Crepau i
w. Mrs. Maggie Swanson C
Thomas O'Xeil . i
w. Christine X T elson 3
3
4
i
i
i
....
"6
5
i
....
....
80
J:::
i b
'"i 8
2
7 ....
3!-.-.
5!-...
w. Mrs. Anna X'yberg ! 4
C. A. Carlson j 6
A. J. Johnson j 6
Thomas Handlev i
w. Mrs. Johnson 1 i
A J Johnson i
Aaron Anderson 9
9
2
7
3
5
418
L \V Johnson 2
Andrew Frederickson 7
Samuel Warman 3
Patrick Regan 5
Totals 4Q8
420 78
$1.00
4!-...
3!....
2 ....
4
.... I
POKEGAMA.
M L Sevmour 4
i
3
2
4
i
i
2
6
3
i
4
5
!
3
....
....
J. C Baty . *
W. X. Carver 2
C. F. Collier 4
Mrs. L. Calhoun i
Reuben Osternick 7
6
"10
!!.'.'
7-...
2
6....
2'"!!
n|....
4....
W W Braman 2
A Berg . 6
w Mrs. Marv Whitnev 3
\v Robert Barnes . 2
Joseph Gonvea n
Samuel Alisel 4
Charles Smith 5
Thomas Racine 5
\V X Thompson i
Joe Coblin i
i!..
j
C. W. Kelsev 7
7k-..
61,..;
6'....
* ..
7 ....
6
61....
Dr C A Kelsev 6
Hans Xelson 6
Charles X. Ward . . . ^
53
Report of State Commission.
XAME. 2 "3
K tS
~ g
ji
Joseph Frame 7
John Johnson 4
7
4
....
4' ....
Emil Johnson i
T
I i
John Powers . i
I
i
Frank Littengarver i
Jake Greenbcrg i
J. L. Boucher T.
I
I
J
i . . . .
i ....
T.
Joseph Sipris ! 2
2
2
Israel Rosenber * | 4
A\
Abram Chapman 7
I
6
7
Gustav Ellefson j i
I
?::::
David Frame i
i
Henry Nelson | i
H. Shapiro 5
....
i
i ....
5"
B. Finer 4
Mrs. Raphael c
i * ' * *
Totals . . . 1 i -i i
IO^
?6
120 2
MISSION CREEK.
Axel Halgren
Oscar A. Pel
John Sexton
John Turner
\v. Peter Nor
S\ven Swenson
L. G. Johnson
P. H. Nyberg
Gust Sandquist
John Berg ....
Peter Bergman
E. S. Wallace
G. D. Edlund
Frank Sexton
A. G. Mob erg
Charles Johns
Joseph Sexton
H. S. Rice
Eric Nelson
Ed. J. Boyle
J. T. Smullen
John De Shaw
Fred Baudrau
eterson
z
3
. . . .
n .
r
2
2
2
. . .
rberg . .
2
>on
on
I
7
i
j
I
rsr .
I
o
T
uist
J
2
j
nan
j
ce
id
1
on . .
. . . .
. .
rg
I
....
....
nson
....
ton . .
....
L .
A
. . .
.
e
4
4
<j
....
4
n
6
T
f
aw
T
T
T
. . . .
au
T
T
T!
Report of State Commission.
59
Joseph Boyle
i
i
i
G. W Hambleton
i
i
C A Johnson
4
Frank Kapinos
4
,\
4
Hans H Sie"er
6
6
6
Adolph Anderson
4
4
4
Carl Ha~elund
6
6
6
J F Walsten
6
2
4
6
August AI vren . . .
i
I
i
Amy Armstron "
i
I
Totals .
7^
6q
6
67
8
SANDSTONE JUNCTION AND MILLER.
w Louis Alottorz
Paul Flamstrom
\Villiani Jacob
Charles Peterson
John H Samuelson
TT
TT
II . . . .
John Derosier
2
2
2 . . . .
(3 f Johnson
T
I
I
6
6
Gust Alalm
2
2
2 . . . .
4
4
4 1
Peter Chelman.
i
jj
IO
IO
IOJ . . . .
i
Peter Bilado
6
6
6 ....
w. John Westerlund
John Biorklund
i
7
i
7
....
7\ '''
4
4
4....
Sievert Ha^lin
4
i
i|....
Totals
60
6q
6 9 I
FINLAYSON.
I
i|....
i
I
7! .
3
GO
Report of State Commission.
. - c
e^ l
"3 S,"3
.-NAMK. C^ | 2 ^g
'" ^5 &*
Received
relief.
Received no
relief.
H. G. Tyler . 2\ 2\
2' . . . .
John L. Cowing ij I . . . .
John Krebs 5! c . . . .
I ....
s
William Stoll 3 3
2' .
Fred Kunzli . . . i 1 1 . . . .
I
C. W. Harris . . . 5' 5'. . . .
c . .
E. C. Buel i i
I|. . . .
George Foley ^14
Charles Brown i ij
j '
John Wytenbach 4' 4
A. G. Crocker 3 3J . . . .
Arne Anderson 6 6|
3-...
6
John Greenlev ? c."
Charles Willis i i
....
I
James Carman 7 7]
Fred Xelson .... 4] 4
Martin Greenlev 7 7 ....
Albert G. Cramer i i . . . .
i
w. Anna J. Chenev i ' I
j
William O'Connor 6| i 5
T e
w. Anna McCloud 2' 2
1 j
Christian Ramm 6' 61
61
Joe A. Carman i i
u . . . .
C. A. Crocker . 4 4
4 .
Totals 1 QJ. 8; o
8- O
PARTRIDGE.
John W. Lvnch \ 2 2
^ y
?\
Pat Kane j i l \
T
L. G. Johnson 6| 6|
6
John Sopher i 5 5
61
Dan Bovington \ 2 2
*>
J. W. Alexander ri H
z . . . .
r-
Tim O'Xiel 6 6|"
5
Tames Woodard 22
2\
Hogan Hoganson 6 i ' " c
6
Gust Tavlor l I
U| . . . .
w. Nels E. Nelson T | I ' '
Charles Alexander .... ' T ! i
John A. Johnson 1 6| 6!
<
Reuben Quarterman 3*1
William Williams . if"
T
Report of State Commission.
61
NAME.
11 1-8
2 ^ 2
s fij
|l
|o
4i *
Received
relief.
o
c
TSs-J
>^
'5 g
L. Saunders
ll I
I
Henry White
2| 2
2
Hugh McKenzie
Si 5
c
John Jackson
2| I
2
[
Totals
sol
6
30
20
RUTLEDGE.
Adolph Schepstedt
4
i
j i[
2
John Israelson
i
I
....i I.
Emil Larson
Q
o
QJ.
1 |
Totals .
14-
14
..! nl
*
MORA.
Nels Sjodin
Q
John Selin
4.
Gust Carlson
4.
4.
A
Eric Erickson
?
?
7
Nels Sail
Q
Fred Lebenthal
4
4
4
Henry Lebenthal
4
1
4
W. F. Geddes
2
T.
P. E. Person
I l
I I
1 1
Andrew Swenson
I
C. W. Whitney
I
I
j
Totals
c.6
cfi
28
28
KERRICK.
Andrew Gillberg"
->
2
2
Gustav Sandborg
d
A
Swan Lingren
T
I
I
Josephine Peterson
2
2
2
Totals .
SCATTERING.
Edw. Hanson ,
I
....
j
William Smith
A
I
-j
William Holbrook
r
r
E. W. Fisk . .
J
j
J
j
....
Eric Sanberg
2
2
2
62
Report of State Commission.
NAME.
g
1 ll
Isaac Toolson . . . . ...
i
I
I ....
Julius Cooper
I
I
I ....
Frank Karas
6
6
6
Anton Ludwig
i
i
i ....
Stekl
c
i
4
c
James Byers
c
c
c;
Ed. McLeocl
I
i
I ....
C. H. Furman
Andrew Jackson
H. S. Austin
6
9
i
9
T
6
2
6 ....
9....
I 2
William Wisdom
Melvin Guptill
6
I
5
?
.... 6
?
James J Warner
c
e
J. B. Butler
8
g
T. E. Ryan .
7
Louis Sakovittz ...
7
_
Ole H. Olson
7
7
J
Evan Hanson
I
I
i
A. E. Rian
I
I
i
John Young
I
j
j
A. Webber
?
-?
Ludwig Olson
w. Mrs. Mary Norman
I
I
i ....
Henry Nelson
-3
-3
2
Alexander Bee
e
5"
e
Mathey Molner
c
e
John W. Stafford ...
?
I
2
^
J. A. Tasker
A
4!
Totals .
121
86
17
67 =;6
MILACA COUNTY.
Andrew Johnson
Q
oi
ol
C. L. Anderson
A\
VI-
A\
Charles Hoaglund
IO
10
ro
Peter Anderson
1\
?l
Carl Clausen
Cj
c
e
Gust Lundberg
A\
A!
John Lund
C
i, | . . . .
rl
e
Elias Jackson
6
61
6
Olaf Pierson
7
7|
3
w. Matilda Peterson
7
?j
Peter Erickson ..
7
1\. .
7l
Report of State Commission.
63
NAME.
=8
11
*J
$
"S
* 2
^3
Not present
time of tire.
Up
William Johnson
A
A
Gust Sjostrom
7
7
*7
A. Bostrum
c
Si. .
Herman Xelson
C
c
C . .
August Johnson
3
7
7 . .
Frank Bergstrom
J
7
7|
Carl K. Carlson
I
T
I ..
Gust Kilburg
4
4
4 . . . .
H. C. Darholt
8
8
8|
K. C. M oland
s.
-
5|. .
Xels Johnson
j
i
1
Peter Turnquist
10
IO
10!
John Hakenson
6
6
61
E. W. Stromberg
A
A
4l
Peter Hanson .
I
I
i!
John Wilkstrom
IO
IO
IO
Andrew Holmquist . .
r
e
el
Charles W. Hedblad
I
I
if
John B. Heron
7
7
7 . .
Peter Johnson
4
4
4 .
Jacob Salberg
2
2
2 ...
Tames Udstrand
I
T
I ...
F. A. Francine
F. Hendrickson
3
2
3
2
3 ....
2\
John Peterson
/
4
A. D. Crosby . .
4
Nicholas Erickson
6
6
6!
Carl Anderson . .
Q
Q
Q!
Andrew A. Wass ...
A
2
4-1
L. B. Baxter
2
2
2
Andrew Johnson
T.
7
-2 . .
w. Mrs. C. A. Anderson
4
d
4!. .
C. O. Stromb-urg . .
?
^
^
Carl Johnson
i
i
I
Ole Sundberg
-7
7
7!
Stephanus Peterson
C
e
5
J. G. Eglund
2
2
2
James Johnson
6
6
61
Mrs. M. J. Bullis
-j
^
-?
B. E. Larson
T
\
T
B. E. Schedine
6
6
61
Frank Haidluncl
7
7!
Nels Hanson ..
2
2
. ,1
2 . .
64
Report of State Commission.
e *
NAME
|1 P
A. P. Johnson
Lars Larson .
John Lindman
John Daline . .
Andrew Sand .
Andrew K. Wass
Charles Wigman
Carl Turnquist
P. A. Lekburg
Alfred Sandstrom
Charles Xord
Lars Lode . . .
Ben Jacobson
Ole Anderson
Peter Olson . .
Eric Blomberg
N. P. Anderson
Herman Carlson
Charles Erickson
P. AI. Lindbe
John M. And(
X T els Orevson
Oscar Osborner
A. P. Olson
Charles Palmquist
Alfred Ahlquist
John Erickson
j ohn Enghold \ i\
Henry Berg j 5)
Olaf Peterson j i|
August Blomberg | 7
Gust Pearson I
G. A. Arnely | 5
C. E. Newberg | 4
Samuel Nelson | i
Totals | 370)
I
I
I 1 ....
.... 8
8
8
i . 7
3
T.
T. . .
4"
A
A\
ass 3
?
3!
an | 3
: 3
1 i
3
3
i
.
3 . ...
3 ....
ii. . .
om ! 4
4
4" ....
2
2
2
1 i
I
l|
! I
I
I
7
7
. . . . . 6
6
6
6
1 c
6
e
6 ....
:>n 3
7
^
on 6
6
6
Of C
e
son . . '4
I
i
I
r I
i
I . .
1 j
nist ^
* c
el
t . . 6
6
6
10
TO
TO . .
Nettie Ameson ....
Louis Amans
Alexander Bolanger
Benjamin Beck . . . .
CARLTOX COUNTY.
Report of State Commission.
(55
~ S2 = -c
^ "* fc *.J _.
i-S c- | >
s 6 s S a ~ > -~
NAME. 5-5 g "0 g -|g
~ J || i
Frank Buschert ....
1
3
9
i
i
i
i
4
*
i
II
4
5
3
9
i
i
i
i
4
2
I
....
4
"9
4
I
I
3
2
4
3
9
5
i
3
2
C .T.
William Cool
Edward P. Duffv
Oscar Dotten
Amasa Dotton
Barbara Ehr
George Flaugher
i
i
i
i
i
August Johnson
Anton Johnson
John Ivaiander
Joseph Lavallee
Alexander La Blanc
John Lindquist
3
2
A
3
2
A
w. Louis Lundgrcn
Charles Morse
John Miller
7
2
3
9
5
2
4
5
9
i
4
4
2
5
7
2
3
9
5
i
4
5
9
i
4
4
2
5
7
2
Peter Morrison
Aldrich Mattinen
Horace Paine
Herman Skart
E. Terrien
i
....
i
\
4
i
....
W. T. Wright
George Wright
Isaac Walli
w. Woodbury Whitten
\Villiam Holm
w. D. Trepannier
John Stave
L. B. Sawver
Totals ..
I2*\ 122
OTTER TAIL COUNTY.
Charles Olgreen
7
7
7
John Wullolle
7
I
'
M. Mattson .
c
c
c
James Johnson
A
j
J
H Haatafa
I J
H Tannv
2
2
2
M. Ekonon
2
2
2
F. Paavola
6
6
6
H. Lehtiner
I. Lindstrom .
6
6
2
....
'. .
6
2
Report of State Commission.
NAME
o,i 3J
18 gS
W. Pickett I 4 4| 4|
Unnamed family | 3 3 3!
Unnamed family | 3 3 3l
Unnamed family j 3 3 3l
w. Mrs. Johanna Nelson | 2 2\. . . . 2\. . . .
H. Henderson 8 8j 8|
C. G. Granstrom j 6j 6| j 6
P. Berglov | 8 8| | 8
Totals 89! 89'] 75| 14
MORRISON COUNTY.
w. Mr. Hasch i 1 1 . . . . | 1 1 . . . .
Mr. Martin 2 2\ . . . . \ 2\. . . .
E. Weedmark 3 3 3
H. Durenland 6 6| . . . . 6 ....
Hans Isaacson 7 7! . . . . 7 ....
F. Granstrom 4 4| . . . . 4 ....
G. Nelson 7 7! . . . . 7J
A. Granstrom 4 4 . . . . 4J
Andrew Mulcnander 5! 5J 5l
R. Pettis 7 7J j 7!
I 1 i !
Totals 46] 46|....| 46)
WAD EN A COUNTY.
W. H. Gaines 9] 9] .... 9 ....
w. Abigael Feilder 2\ 2\. . . . 2 . . . .
J. C. Peterson 6| 6j 6
Russell Witheral . . | 2 \ 2\ 2
George Witheral | 7] 7] .... 7
Carl Worm | 7] 7) .... I
Henry Henrickson 3 3 . . . .
! i i
Totals 36 36] | 36J
AITKIX COUNTY.
Knute Engstrom 5] 5) .... | .... | 5
Gust Williamson ^j 5! 5
Chris Opgaard , ," o | 61 ' '. '.'. \ '.'. '.'. \ 6
Joe Johnson 77 i
T1T O\ Oi"**'''''*| O
John Larson 2 | 2J....L... 2
Charles Johnson 4] 4) .... 1 . 4
Keport of State Commission.
67
NAME.
E. Johnson ....
A. Halberg ....
Christ Knutson .,
Ole Barge
Hans Peterson ..
G. O. Brown .. . .
Frank Rathbtirn
Totals
t <
3 <
f* g>H -=.
CASS COUNTY.
O. W. Caldvvell
w. Hattie V. Sims . . .
w. Rosa A. Bennett ..
fca
fij
II
"
4
1
4
4
....
5
c
5
c
6
6
-7
55] 55! .
4
4
4
5
6
2
55
Totals | 13) 13!-...
'y
-J*
i
SD
^
y \ '
V
'.','
%-i-t f m?f*n w*