-UBRAE 

 

 
 FROM 
 
 VlCKSBURG TO RALEIGH; 
 
 OS, 
 
 A COMPLETE HISTORY 
 
 gfgitttcut gnfliana'^oluntw gnfcwtry, 
 
 CAMPAIGNS OF GRANT AND SHERMAN, 
 
 WITH 
 
 AN OUTLINE OF THE GREAT REBELLION. 
 
 BT M. D. GAGE, CHAPLAIN. 
 
 CHICAGO: 
 
 CLARKE A CO., PUBLISHERS. 
 
 1865.
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, In the year 1865, 
 
 BY M. D. GAGE, 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Conrt of the United States, 
 for the Northern District of Illinois. 
 
 
 BOBTON * T.ZOXAKD, 
 
 PRINTERS, 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 CHICAGO TTP JOUNDBT: 
 J. CONAHAN. 
 
 0TKBXOTTPSB.
 
 i a MC 
 
 DEDICATION. 
 
 TO THE 
 
 SURVIVING MEMBERS OF THE REGIMENT, 
 
 WHOSE SERVICES 
 
 ARE HEREIN RECORDED, 
 
 AND TO THE 
 
 J'ruubs of t(jeir ^allta Comrabts, 
 
 THIS VOLUME 
 
 IS AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED, 
 
 BY 
 
 THE AUTHOR.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 This unpretending volume is prepared at the urgent 
 solicitation of the officers and men of the Regiment, whose 
 services it records. The author offers no apology for ad- 
 i ding to the long list of books with which the press is 
 ^ teeming, upon the subject of our recent struggle for the 
 3 permanency of free institutions. The field of thought and 
 M range of topics are so wide that a record of individual ex- 
 perience and observation, as well as the movements of 
 <> armies, will command attention, since all well understand 
 tf> that the glory of our arms has been secured through the 
 o efficiency of the individual soldier, under subordinate com- 
 manders. While our great leaders and their noble armies 
 are exalted to the highest position of honor, it will not be 
 O deemed presumptuous for the various sub-divisions of those 
 ^ armies to claim their right to be heard. The object of 
 [ this volume is to present the outline of the operations in 
 w the Valley of the Mississippi and in the several Cotton 
 5 States, in which the Twelfth Indiana Volunteer Infantry 
 < participated. If the numerous friends of the Indiana 
 soldiers are led to appreciate their services more fully by 
 reading this volume, the aim of the author will be secured. 
 CHICAGO, August 28th, 1865.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 Introduction, 9 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 Organization and Service on the Potomac, 15 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 Reorganization and Service iu Kentucky, 23 
 
 CHAPTER IIL 
 Campaign in Northern Mississippi, 80 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 Retrospect of the Year, 41 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 The Coming of the Mail, 51 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 Winter Quarters at Grand Junction, 56 
 
 CHAPTER VIL 
 Camp at Fort Loomis, .. 68 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 The Vicksburg Campaign, .. 75 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 The Jackson Campaign, ^. 91 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 Rest at Camp Sherman, 103 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 The Chattanooga Campaign, 116 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 Belief of Knoxville 147
 
 Vlll CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 Winter Quarters at Scottsboro, 162 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 The Atlanta Campaign . 177 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 Battle of Rcsaca 189 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 Battle of Dallas, 200 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 Battle of Keneeaw Mountain, 207 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 Battle of Atlanta, 214 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 Battle of Ezra Church 222 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 . Battle of Jonesboro, 238 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 Camp at East Point, 244 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 Pursuit of Hood, .- 251 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 The Savannah Campaign, 258 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 The South Carolina Campaign, 270 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 Battle of Bentonville, 295 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 Advance upon Raleigh, 303 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIL 
 Homeward Bound, 318 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 Conclusion, 318 
 
 Regimental Register, 323
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The record of the Civil War in America is destined to 
 occupy a conspicuous place in the history of human events. 
 To have shared in the mighty struggle, now closed in the 
 triumph of our arms, will ever be regarded as a distin- 
 guished honor. The inception, progress, and final results 
 of the Great Rebellion entitle it to a high rank in the long 
 and fearful catalogue of wars that have drenched the earth 
 in blood. 
 
 The important lesson inculcated by a careful review of 
 the conflict is the permanency of republican institutions 
 and the self-preserving power of a free people. This les- 
 son is written in living characters, for the instruction of 
 the nations of the earth. The monarchs of Europe may 
 no longer hope to see the republican form of government 
 set aside as impracticable. The capacity of a representa- 
 tive democracy to resist and suppress insurrection and 
 rebellion against the constituted authority of the people 
 has been fully tested and triumphantly established. No 
 other form of government could have so successfully de- 
 fended the life of the nation, when assailed by an insurrec- 
 tionary faction possessing the combination of numbers,
 
 X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 resources, and unity of purpose which characterized the 
 revolted States of the Federal Union. 
 
 Preceding events only serve to show more clearly the 
 reserved power of a free people to repel the assaults of 
 internal foes. The long list of treasonable acts committed 
 by the Cabinet of Mr. Buchanan, and the imbecility of the 
 Executive himself, afforded the insurgents every facility for 
 the accomplishment of their well-matured plans. While 
 great advantages ware thus secured to the foul conspiracy, 
 and the power of the Government was almost paralyzed by 
 the withdrawal of arms into the seceded States and the 
 dispersion of the fleet in distant seas, the ready acceptance 
 by the people of the issue presented, of war for the main- 
 tenance of the Union or peaceable secession, furnished a 
 most conclusive evidence of the conscious strength of the 
 nation. The gross abuse of power by those entrusted with 
 the administration of the Government roused the love of 
 liberty in every loyal heart and fired the masses with an 
 unalterable determination to preserve the national integ- 
 rity. On the displacement of the treacherous Executive 
 and Cabinet, by men of inflexible principle and tried devo- 
 tion to the interests of the country, the public heart beat 
 in glad response to every call of duty, and nerved the 
 people to meet all the emergencies of the long and bloody 
 struggle that ensued. Thus, while the gigantic arm of 
 rebellion found us almost powerless for immediate resist- 
 ance, it stimulated the exercise of a.ll the skill and energy 
 of the nation, in busy preparation for the inevitable con- 
 flict, with the firm purpose to wrest from the insurgents 
 their usurped power, and strike quick and vigorous blows 
 when fully armed for battle. That purpose is accomplished,
 
 INTRODUCTION. XI 
 
 and the great question concerning the vitality of our 
 free republic is satisfactorily answered. The problem is 
 solved, and in its solution the nation has practically 
 exemplified the loftiest principles in the science of 
 government. 
 
 Another prominent feature of the national character, 
 developed in the hour of trial, is the capacity to meet 
 and conquer covert treason at the ballot box, while sup- 
 pressing armed rebellion on the battle field. The moral 
 influence of our triumph over the sympathizers with trea- 
 son in the North can scarcely be over-estimated. The 
 darkest hour in the day of our affliction was that in which 
 Northern demagogues were seeking to array the State 
 Legislatures in opposition to the war policy of the Admin- 
 istration. The result of their success would have been the 
 ruin of our cause. With the public heart cut off from the 
 governmental head, by the interposition of disloyal State 
 legislation, the hands of our brave men would have been 
 palsied, and treason would have triumphed through the 
 agency of our professed friends. The army penetrated the 
 designs of these base deceivers, and aided tlie people, in 
 the use of the elective franchise, to cast down the idolaters' 
 Dagon before the ark of the covenant, in which were de- 
 posited the sacred rights of man. The slimy folds of the 
 serpent were unmasked, and the hateful "Copperhead" 
 was revealed to the public eye in all his loathesome repul- 
 siveness. Shrinking back into the dark recesses of crime, 
 whence he came to deceive the people with the apple of 
 discord, he saw the mighty power of the Government, 
 under the guidance of the immortal Lincoln, brought to 
 bear upon the hosts of treason, as our great chieftains,
 
 Xll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Grant, Sherman, Sheridan and Thomas, with their noble 
 armies, crushed their enemies in the dust, and restored 
 peace to the land amidst the applause of a loyal people. 
 
 The hour of our triumph was succeeded by the deepest 
 sorrow. Scarcely had the sound of rejoicing over our 
 great victories been heard in the land, when all hearts 
 were filled with grief and indignation at the fall of our 
 noble President. At the very brink of Jordan, beyond 
 which lay the Canaan of peace, upon whose beauteous 
 prospect he gazed with gratitude to God, the great leader 
 of the people, like Moses on Pisgah's summit, died, and a 
 nation mourned his loss no less sincerely than did Israel 
 on the day of their deliverer's death. He had led his 
 people through the wilderness of rebellion, bearing pati- 
 ently all the murmurings of those who could not under- 
 stand the purity of his motives. He had performed no 
 miracles, but he had struck the chains of slavery from the 
 necks of four millions of bondmen. For this he was up- 
 braided by the blind devotees of the Baal of African 
 slavery. He fell by the hand of one of those base idolaters, 
 at the very zenith of his fame. " Then you, and I, and all 
 of us fell down, and bloody treason triumphed over us." 
 Thousands of homes had ere this been involved in sorrow 
 for the heroes slain in battle, but no such grief had ever 
 visited the nation. " There was not a house where there 
 was not one dead," for Abraham Lincoln was the friend of 
 the people, and in his sudden and tragic death all who 
 loved their country lost a heaven-sent protector. As 
 Washington is the acknowledged Father of his country, 
 so is Lincoln her Saviour. Side by side they will abide in 
 the hearts of their countrymen, and of generations to
 
 INTRODUCTION. Xlll 
 
 come, and the world shall own them peers in all that 
 renders man an object of universal esteem and affectionate 
 remembrance. 
 
 The complete history of the Great Rebellion must be 
 written by the future historian. The important results of 
 our struggle for the maintenance of civil and religious 
 liberty in our land, and for its extension throughout the 
 world, cannot be fully appreciated at the present day. 
 Great events attain their just proportions when seen from 
 afar, as the mountains rear their majestic heads above the 
 the clouds, and become objects of sublime contemplation 
 when viewed at a distance. As the traveler upon the 
 mountain side, while the summit is hidden from his view, 
 and the proportions of the whole scene are not discovera- 
 ble, gathers the details which help to form a full descrip- 
 tion, so may we who have shared in the conflicts and 
 triumphs of the struggle now closed, record the results of 
 our experience and observation for the use of the future 
 historian. 
 
 The philosophy of the history will more fully appear in 
 the results of our success, as the future shall develop them. 
 The specific value of our triumph must be measured by 
 our advancement in social, moral and religious influence. 
 Our honor will depend upon the formation of correct 
 sentiment. It will be of little avail that we have subdued 
 armed treason, if we are ourselves conquered by vice. 
 The influence of our returned volunteers will constitute an 
 important element of social and national character. Four 
 years of civil strife should not impair the social fabric, but 
 strengthen the foundations of virtue and intelligence,
 
 XIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and stimulate all classes to nobler efforts for distinction. 
 Thus, alone, shall we be qualified to vindicate the right 
 and attain to the full dignity of citizens of a free govern- 
 ment, restrained only by Constitutional and self-imposed 
 obligations.
 
 VICKSBUEG TO RALEIGH, 
 
 HAPTER I. 
 
 ORGANIZATION, AND SERVICE ON THE POTOMAC. 
 
 The nomination of Abraham Lincoln for the 
 Presidency of the United States, in June, 1860, 
 and his triumphant election in November follow- 
 ing, upon the popular principle of non-extension of 
 slavery into the territories, was made the occasion 
 of secession from the Union, by eleven of the slave 
 States, South Carolina taking the lead, immedi- 
 ately after the result of the election was known. 
 The mischievous doctrine of State Rights, incul- 
 cated by Calhoun and a large class of extremists 
 who succeeded him, like a delusive phantom, lured 
 those States from their allegiance to the Constitu- 
 tion and laws of the Union, to engage in the Uto- 
 pian scheme of founding a Southern Confederacy, 
 based upon the declared right of capital to own the 
 labor of the subject African race.
 
 16 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 The gathering storm roused the anxieties of the 
 people of the free States, who beheld, with deep 
 indignation, the craven spirit of the Chief Execu- 
 tive of the nation, who made no honorable effort 
 to arrest the progress of the conspiracy. In this 
 condition of affairs Mr. Lincoln succeeded Mr. Bu- 
 chanan, deeply conscious of the vast responsibility 
 imposed upon him. ~No wisdom or firmness could 
 at that time stay the fierce storm of passion engen- 
 dered in the revolted States, and, after vigorous 
 preparation, the insurgents inaugurated the conflict 
 by Un attack on Fort Sumter, April 12th, 1861. 
 After a gallant defense, the garrison was surren- 
 dered to General Beauregard, by Major Robert 
 Anderson, April 14th. The intelligence of this 
 event caused intense excitement throughout the 
 country, and was immediately succeeded by a call 
 of the Executive, for 75,000 men, to serve three 
 months. The quotas of the several States were 
 promptly filled, and large numbers volunteered in 
 excess of the call, who were returned to their 
 homes. 
 
 The promptness of Indiana was equal to that of 
 her sister States. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, 
 had been placed at the head of the newly organized 
 Southern Confederacy, as President and Command- 
 er-in-chief of the insurgent forces. Smarting un- 
 der the unjust imputation of cowardice, cast upon 
 the Indiana troops by Jefferson Davis, at Buena
 
 ORGANIZATION. 17 
 
 Vista, in 1847, the people of the State were stimu- 
 lated to avenge the insult. One regiment took a 
 solemn oath, on bended knee, at the State Capitol 
 to wipe out the dishonor. Nobly has the pledge 
 been fiulfilled by 150,000 Indiauians, on nearly 
 every battle-field from the Potomac to the Rio 
 Grande. Indiana has cause for pride in review of 
 the achievements of her sons during the great con- 
 flict. Her noble Governor has earned for himself 
 a brilliant reputation, and all our sister States point 
 to him as an example of earnest devotion to the 
 interests of the noble men who have achieved last- 
 ing honors in the service of their country. The 
 blessings of heaven and the gratitude of the people 
 have been dispensed to those who have placed the 
 character of the State among the foremost in the 
 strife. To those who represented the loyalty of 
 Indiana on the field of battle the remembrance of 
 her glorious record is peculiarly precious. 
 
 The quota for the Sate, under the call of the 
 President, was six regiments, of the minimum 
 strength. These were speedily organized, armed 
 and equipped, and sent to the scene of hostilities 
 in Western Virginia. They were numbered as fol- 
 lows: Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, l^inth, Tenth and 
 Eleventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry. The spirit 
 of volunteering continued after the quotas were 
 filled. To provide against incursions from Ken- 
 tucky, which State was then a field of contending
 
 18 VICKSBUKG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 factions, the Legislature, in extra session, provided 
 for the defense of the State, and Governor Morton 
 called for several regiments for State service. The 
 Twelfth and Sixteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry 
 were accepted, under this call, for one year, and 
 assigned to duty on the Ohio River. The interme- 
 diate regiments, viz : the Thirteenth, Fourteenth 
 and Fifteenth, were organized for three years, un- 
 der the call of the President for 300,000 troops. 
 The Twelfth Indiana was accepted by the State 
 May 5th, 1861. The following is the Roster of the 
 Regiment : 
 
 Colonel JOHN M. WALLACB. 
 Lieutenant Colonel WILLIAM. H. LINK. 
 Major GEORGE HUMPHREYS. 
 Surgeon WILLIAM LOMAX. 
 Quartermaster' M. R. DIXON. 
 
 Co. A Captain, Thomas J. Morrison ; 1st Lieutenant, John 
 Moore ; 2nd Lieutenant, John Cox. 
 
 Co. B Captain, Thomas Noel ; 1st Lieutenant, Sol D. Kemp- 
 ton ; 2nd Lieutenant ; James Huston. 
 
 Co. C Captain, James Bachman ; 1st Lieutenant, Michael 
 Kirchner ; 2nd Lieutenant, Wallace. 
 
 Co. D Captain, William O'Brian; 1st Lieutenant, Mc- 
 
 Cole ; 2nd Lieutenant, J. T. Floyd. 
 
 Co. E Captain, Henry Hubler ; 1st Lieutenant, A. P. Galla- 
 gher ; 2nd Lieutenant, Reuben Williams. 
 
 Co. F Captain, George Nelson ; 1st Lieutenant, 0. N. Hinkle ; 
 2nd Lieutenant, John M. Godown. 
 
 Co. G Captain, A. W. Reed; 1st Lieutenant, William Angel; 
 2nd Lieutenant, Elbert D. Baldwin.
 
 ORGANIZATION. 19 
 
 Co. H Captain, Thomas Doane; 1st Lieutenant, George W. 
 Steele; 2nd Lieutenant, William Wallace. 
 
 Co. I Captain, H. B. Thompson ; 1st Lieutenant, Alexander 
 Buchanan ; 2nd Lieutenant, William Wood. 
 
 Co. K Captain, James F. Draper ; 1st Lieutenant, Benjamin 
 Ayers ; 2nd Lieutenant, Dixon. 
 
 The following promotions were made during the 
 term of service : 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel "William H. Link, to Colonel, 
 vice Wallace, resigned, Aug. 6th, 1861. 
 
 Major George Humphreys, to Lieutenant Colo- 
 nel, vice Link, promoted, Aug. 6th, 1861. 
 
 Captain Henry Hubler, Co. E, to Major, vice 
 Humphreys, promoted, Aug. 6th 1861. 
 
 1st Lieutenant Reuben Williams, Co. E, to Cap- 
 tain, vice Hubler, promoted, Aug. 6th, 1861. 
 
 1st Lieutenant Alexander Buchanan, Co. I, to 
 Captain, vice Thompson, resigned, July 24th, 1861. 
 
 2nd Lieutenant William Wood, Co. I, to 1st 
 Lieutenant, vice Buchanan, promoted, July 24th, 
 1861. 
 
 Sergt. Alfred B. Taylor, Co. I, to 2nd Lieuten- 
 ant, vice Wood, promoted, July 24th, 1861. 
 
 Sergt. George Carroll, Co. H, to 2nd Lieutenant, 
 
 vice Wallace, resigned, Sept. 1st, 1861. 
 
 Sergt. George Collins, Co. C, to 2nd Lieutenant, 
 vice Wallace, resigned, Dec. 1st 1861. 
 
 Watson, Chaplain, to fill vacancy, Oct. 1st, 
 
 1861.
 
 20 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 % 
 
 The Regiment remained in camp at Indianapolis 
 till June 1st, when it was ordered to Evansville, 
 and distributed as follows : Companies B, D, and 
 F, were stationed at Newburg; C, G, and K, at 
 Mount Vernon ; and A, E, H, and I, at Evansville, 
 with Regimental headquarters at the latter place. 
 The Regiment continued on duty at these points, 
 blockading the river for the prevention of contra- 
 band trade with the enemy, till the 23d of July. 
 The alarm on the border having subsided, the pre- 
 sence of the troops was no longer deemed necessary, 
 and Governor Morton effected an arrangement for 
 the transfer of the Twelfth and Sixteenth Indiana 
 to the United States service for the unexpired term. 
 The Regiment was ordered to Indianapolis, where 
 it arrived on the last named date, and received pay 
 for the service rendered the State, proceeding di- 
 rect to Harper's Ferry, Virginia. On its arrival 
 the Regiment was assigned to Abercrombie's Brig- 
 ade of General Banks' command. The season 
 passed away without any offensive operations of 
 importance. The troops marched from Harper's 
 Ferry to Hyattstown, thence to Darnestown and 
 Williamsport, and in October the Regiment was 
 ordered to Sharpsburg, and assigned to picket 
 duty on the Potomac, where it remained for five 
 months. During this period Captain Williams, of 
 Co. E, with Lemuel Hazzard and several others 
 of the Regiment, was surprised and captured by
 
 SERVICE ON THE POTOMAC. 21 
 
 the enemy, and confined in prison at Richmond 
 for five months. It was while the Regiment re- 
 mained at Sharpsburg that Lieutenant Taylor, of 
 Co. I, visited the camp of the enemy, and spent 
 several days in their midst, as a spy, returning 
 safely to camp, and swimming the Potomac on 
 his way. The occurrence of a storm, at the time 
 of the intended movement, prevented the accom- 
 plishment of the capture of the force, which would 
 doubtless have resulted from this bold undertaking. 
 
 On the 1st of March, 1862, the army resumed 
 the offensive, crossing the Potomac and advancing 
 upon Martinsburg, where the Twelfth Indiana and 
 Twelfth Massachusetts skirmished with a small force 
 of the enemy, and occupied the place. In the move- 
 ment upon Winchester the Regiment was in ad- 
 vance, skirmishing with Ashby's cavalry, being 
 the first Federal troops to enter the city after the 
 enemy retired. The Brigade was ordered from 
 Winchester to Centerville, and thence to Warren- 
 ton Junction, where the Regiment was detached 
 from the command and ordered to Washington for 
 discharge, arriving there April 27th. It was not 
 till the 19th of May that the muster-out was effect- 
 ed, and the troops received their discharge and pay. 
 
 The service on the Potomac was one of compar- 
 ative ease during the period of the Regiment's con- 
 nection with the army under General Banks, and 
 it returned to the State with its ranks nearly full,
 
 22 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 having lost but nineteen men during the year. 
 Many of the officers and men again entered the 
 service in the new organization, and in other 
 regiments, and distinguished themselves by their 
 valor.
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 REORGANIZATION, AND SERVICE IN KENTUCKY. 
 
 The military operations of 1861 failed to secure 
 any important advantages to our arms, and the 
 confidence of the enemy in his ultimate success 
 was unbounded. The Peninsular campaign, in the 
 spring of 1862, was a series of failures, and the 
 finely equipped army under McClellan was with- 
 drawn from its perilous position, after a remarka- 
 ble series of engagements, in which it displayed the 
 most unconquerable courage and power of endur- 
 ance. The disastrous results of this campaign 
 awakened a deep anxiety for our cause, and 
 indicated the necessity for re-inforcement of our 
 nrmies. 
 
 But while disaster had befallen our arms in Vir- 
 ginia, affairs wore a more hopeful aspect in the 
 "West. Tennessee had become the theatre of great 
 events. The fall of Fort Donelson and the evacu- 
 ation of Nashville, the defeat of the enemy at Shi- 
 loh and the occupation of Memphis compelled the 
 rebel army to retire into Alabama. The subse- 
 quent effort of General Bragg to force our army,
 
 24 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 under Buell, from its advance position, by a skil- 
 fully executed flank movement, was successful, and 
 the aspect of affairs in the "West became no less 
 forbidding than in the East. The enemy pushed 
 forward, exulting in hope of a speedy triumph, 
 and Buell was compelled to fall back to Nashville. 
 In the meantime President Lincoln had issued a 
 call for 300,000 troops, soon after followed by a 
 second call for an additional force of the same 
 number. The exigency of the times stimulated a 
 spirit of activity far exceeding that of the preced- 
 ing year, and volunteering continued rapidly, filling 
 the quotas of the respective States without resort 
 to conscription. The troops were rapidly organ- 
 ized, armed and equipped, and sent into the field ; 
 those from the West being ordered to Kentucky, 
 and those from the East to Virginia. 
 
 An effort was made to re-organize the Twelfth 
 Indiana Volunteer Infantry, for three years service 
 immediately after the return of the Regiment from 
 Washington. In the absence of any call for troops, 
 and before the reverses of fortune in the West had 
 rendered a call imperative, recruiting was attended 
 with great difficulty. A few companies were raised 
 in June, and rendezvoused at Indianapolis, but not 
 sufficient to constitute a regiment. In response to 
 the call of the Executive, volunteers flocked to the 
 standard, and the Regiment was soon filled, and 
 mustered into the*service, by Colonel Simonson, at
 
 REOItGANIZATION. 25 
 
 Indianapolis, Aug. 17th, 1862. The following is 
 the original Roster of the Regiment : 
 
 Colonel WILLIAM H. LINK. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel REUBEN WILLIAMS. 
 
 Major SOL D. KEMPTON. 
 
 Surgeon WILLIAM LO.MAX. 
 
 Assistant Surgeon ALFEED B. TAYLOR. 
 
 Adjutant JAEED D. BOND. 
 
 Quartermaster JAMES A. McCLKLLAX. 
 
 Sergeant Major Larrey D. McFarlane. 
 
 Quartermaster Sergeant John II. Waters. 
 
 Commissary Sergeant Alfred G. Lee. 
 
 Hospital Steward John A. Campfield. 
 
 Senior Principal Musician Henry C. Keely. 
 
 Junior Principal Musician Henry C. Hubler. 
 
 Co. A Captain, James Goodnow; 1st Lieutenant, John B. 
 Conner ; 2nd Lieutenant, George W. Wright. 
 
 Co. B Captain, Elbert D. Baldwin ; 1st Lieutenant, Frank H. 
 Aveline ; 2nd Lieutenant, William H. Harrison. 
 
 Co. C Captain, David P. Cubberly ; 1st Lieutenant, Hezekiah 
 Beeson ; 2nd Lieutenant, Edward S. Lenfesty. 
 
 Co. D Captain, George Bowman; 1st Lieutenant, John A. 
 Blackwell ; 2nd Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Price. 
 
 Co. E Captain, Samuel M. Booker ; 1st Lieutenant, Thoinaa 
 N. Peoples ; 2nd Lieutenant, Caleb Day. 
 
 Co. F Captain, Samuel Boughter ; 1st Lieutenant, Alonzo II 
 Hubbard ; 2nd Lieutenant, Edward H. Webster. 
 
 Cd. G Captain, James Huston; 1st Lieutenant, Easily Helms, 
 2nd Lieutenant, Robert Alfont. 
 
 Co. H Captain, George M. Trotter; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph E 
 Hart ; 2nd Lieutenant, Josephus Bills. 
 
 Co. I Captain, Samuel W. Wells ; 1st Lieutenant, Henry S. 
 >Ycscott ; 2nd Lieutenant, Thomas J. Anderson. 
 
 Co. K Captain, George Nelson ; 1st Lieutenant, John M. Go- 
 down : 2nd Lieutenant, James 0. Shauglmessy. 
 JB
 
 26 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 Reinforcements were constantly pouring into 
 Kentucky, from the Western States, to resist the 
 advance of Kirby Smith upon Cincinnati, and that 
 of Bragg upon Louisville. The Twelfth Indiana 
 received marching orders Aug. 22nd, and left for 
 Lexington, Kentucky, via Cincinnati, marching 
 direct from the former place for Richmond. A 
 force of about 6,000 fresh troops was collected at 
 that place, under command of Brigadier General 
 Nelson, in whose temporary absence Brigadier 
 General Manson held command. This force 
 consisted of the following regiments: Twelfth, 
 Sixteenth, Fifty-fifth, Sixty-sixth, Sixty-ninth and 
 Seventy-first Indiana, and Ninety-eighth Ohio. 
 Kirby Smith was already advancing upon the 
 place with a superior force of disciplined troops. 
 Instead of falling back toward Lexington for re- 
 inforcements, which were on their way to join 
 .them, an advance was ordered, and on the morn- 
 ing of Aug. 30th, this handful of raw troops 
 marched out to meet a confident foe numbering 
 more than 30,000 men. Colonel Link being as- 
 signed to command a brigade of the Indiana 
 troops, Lieutenant Colonel Williams, who had that 
 morning arrived from home, led the Regiment. 
 They encountered the enemy four miles south of 
 Richmond, and a severe engagement ensued, the 
 troops fighting like -veterans till compelled to give
 
 SERVICE IN KENTUCKY. 27 
 
 way. The retreat continued to and through Rich- 
 mond, when the troops were rallied to check the 
 enemy. This second engagement resulted in the 
 capture of the greater part of the force. About a 
 thousand escaped, arid made their way to Lexing- 
 ton. The loss in killed and wounded was nearly a 
 thousand. The death of Colonel Link, of wounds 
 received during the last engagement, occurred on 
 the 20th of September. He was a popular and 
 efficient officer, and his death was lamented by all 
 in the Regiment. Lieutenants Day, of Company E, 
 and Westcott, of Company I, also died of wounds. 
 They were greatly beloved in their respective 
 Companies. The following is a complete list of 
 the casualties in the engagement : 
 
 FieM and Staft Killed; Colonel William H. 
 Link. 
 
 Co. A Killed ; John E. Branham, John II. C. 
 Bard, James H. Clinton, John Rawles, Robert 
 Reed, Charles W. Warsham. Wounded; Ser- 
 geant John D. Clark, Bishop Church, Stephen Ger- 
 rard, John C. Lewman, William H. Randall, 
 Abram Wagner. 
 
 Co. C Killed; Corporal William P. Thrasher, 
 William Bradvvick, Edwin Lenox, William Meisse, 
 Thomas Persnett, William Shane. Wounded; 
 William Barnhouse, John Dunn, Nathan W. Day, 
 Emanuel Edwards, Jesse D. Frazee, Andrew Good- 
 rick, James W. Griudle.
 
 28 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 Co. I) Killed ; Sergeant James II. Rook, Cor- 
 poral Samuel Mclntirc, Benjamin McCormick, 
 Elihu B. Miller, Enoch M. Todd. Wounded; 
 Captain George Bowman, Samuel Dickey, James 
 II. Edwards, John W. Glascock, John C. Johnson, 
 William H. Little, Robert T. Little, Robert Mc- 
 Mahan, George Reiger, Henry Sprecker, William 
 Skevington, John C. Tedford. 
 
 Co. E Killed ; Second Lieutenant Caleb Day, 
 Richard Berge, Harmon B. Cox, William Hutch- 
 inson, Milton V. Petitt, James Pointer, John D. 
 Williams. Wounded ; Corporal Joshua H. Wood- 
 ward, Corporal Vincent Carter, Ili Bray, James 
 A. Hutson, Corry McPherson, Elisha F. Ray, 
 George Rudicil, Caswell B. Sumner, John K. Zim- 
 merman. 
 
 Co. F Killed; Harmon Beeson, John H. 
 .Basore, John B. Graham. Wounded ; William 
 II. Bowen, Martin B. Lightner, George W. Stoler, 
 John Willard. 
 
 Co. G Killed; Milton Curry, Edward Pauly. 
 Wounded; Abraham D. Baunon, John Watter- 
 man, Richard Alfont, Melville Hunter, James W. 
 Moulden, John W. Reynolds, Milo Shaffer, Mar- 
 cellus B. Walker, Amos Wilson, John Humphreys. 
 
 Co. H Killed ; John T. Vanmeter. Wounded ; 
 Sergeant Dick Jones, Benjamin Brown, Amos 
 Bucy, Nelson Bills, William J. Bradford, George 
 W. Camp, David H. Davidson, Losran P. Herod,
 
 SERVICE IN KENTUCKY. 29 
 
 David Lay ton, John B. Tirey, David Vanskike, 
 Francis Vanzant. 
 
 Co. I Killed ; First Lieutenant Henry S. Wes- 
 cott, Daniel Dentzer, Allen Jennings, James Nixon, 
 Joseph Nagle, Joseph ~W. Sellers. Wounded; 
 Joel "W. Hawley, Warren O. Herendeen, Perry 
 Oliver, Henry Paulus. 
 
 Co. K Killed; William Collar. Wounded; 
 Second Lieutenant James O. Shaughnessy, Ser- 
 geant James C. Peltier, Corporal Lucius T. Bar- 
 bour, Corporal Frederick Tomblison, Alexander 
 Horton, James F. Savage, Francis C. Stilwell, 
 Lawrence Teutsch, David M. Utley.
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 CAMPAIGN IN NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 The Regiment returned from Kentucky on parole, 
 and rendezvoused at Indianapolis to await ex- 
 change, which was effected the 17th of November, 
 on which day the following promotions were made. 
 Lieutenant Colonel Williams, to Colonel, vice Link, 
 deceased, Major Kempton, to Lieutenant Colonel, 
 Captain Goodnow, of Company A, to Major, Lieu- 
 tenant J. B. Conner, to Captain, Orderly Sergeant 
 Robert W. Weatherinton, to First Lieutenant, Hos- 
 pital Steward John A. Campfield, to Second Assist- 
 ant Surgeon, and on the 21st, Sergeant Moses D. 
 Gage, of Company B, 89th Indiana Volunteers, 
 was commissioned as Chaplain of the Regiment. 
 Orders were issued on the 20th, to he in readiness 
 to take the field at once, and on the following day 
 the Regiment was ordered to Memphis. Colonel 
 Williams being absent, Lieutenant Colonel Kemp- 
 ton was in command, under whose direction we 
 left Camp Morton on the afternoon of November 
 21st, en route for Cairo where we arrived on the
 
 NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI CAMPAIGN. 31 
 
 night of the 22nd. The Regiment embarked 
 on the stern-wheel transport, J. II. Done, already 
 in a half-sinking condition, on which we made the 
 passage in safety in two days, reaching Memphis 
 on the the 24th, disembarking and going into 
 oamp east of the city on the morning of the 25th. 
 
 Great activity prevailed at Memphis preparatory 
 to the approaching campaign into Mississippi for 
 the reduction of Vicksburg. Major General TV". T. 
 Sherman's Corps, consisting of three Divisions, 
 constituted the right wing of Grant's army, and 
 the troops were already under marching orders on 
 our arrival. The Regiment was assigned to the 
 Second Brigade, Third Division, consisting of the 
 Thirty-third Wisconsin, Twenty-seventh Iowa, and 
 Twelfth Indiana, Colonel Moore, of the Thirty- 
 third Wisconsin, commanding. The Division was 
 under command of Brigadier General Lauman, 
 Brigadier General Denver commanding the First 
 Division, and Brigadier General M. L. Smith the 
 Second. The entire Corps numbered about 25,000 
 men, composed of old and new troops in about 
 equal numbers. Most of the Western States were 
 represented, and all hearts were stirred with a 
 noble emulation to achieve distinction. 
 
 The Corps moved, by different roads, on the 26th 
 of November. The progress of the army was de- 
 layed by the destruction of bridges along the route, 
 rendering it necessary for the troops to pull the
 
 32 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 train up the steep bank of one of the creeks. This 
 tedious and laborious process was continued for 
 several hours, by detail of companies pulling at 
 long ropes attached to the loaded wagons. The 
 woods resounded till near midnight with the cheer- 
 ful songs and shouts of the soldiers, to many of 
 whom this was the first lesson of a long series in 
 the toils of the service. At last the task was ac- 
 complished, and the troops moved on, reaching 
 camp at midnight. The next day the roads were 
 unobstructed, and a rapid march of twenty miles 
 brought us to the rich plantation of General Miller, 
 whose fences were consumed for fuel, while his cot- 
 ton-gin and press, with most of his out-houses and 
 a large quantity of corn, were burned during the 
 night, as punishment for his treasonable conversa- 
 tion with the soldiers. The desolation thus begun 
 continued during the march, the track of our 
 column being distinctly marked by the smoke of 
 burning buildings and fences. 
 
 On the third day's march we met a Union man, 
 formerly from Indiana, who gave us his experience 
 in Secessia, having been persecuted and threatened 
 with the halter for his loyalty to the old flag. 
 The people were subjected to the greatest tyranny 
 the world ever saw, and had not a vestige of the 
 rights they enjoyed under the Government of their 
 fathers. They had sowed the wind and were reap- 
 ing the whirlwind. In their helplessness they must
 
 NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI CAMPAIGN 33 
 
 endure all that a despotism, based on oppression 
 and instituted for the perpetuation of African 
 slavery, saw fit to inflict. To be loyal to the Union 
 within the Confederate lines was more perilous to 
 life and property than to be disloyal within our 
 own lines. Thus it was throughout the great con- 
 flict. Greater liberty is compatible with free insti- 
 tutions than with the boasted freedom of an aris- 
 tocracy like that which has so long prevailed in the 
 South. Our cause has doubtless been hindered in 
 its progress by the sufferance of disloyalty in our 
 own midst. Yet we have outlived both overt and 
 covert treason. But in the heart of the bogus 
 Confederacy, a terrorism prevailed that closed the 
 mouths of those who still loved the Union and de- 
 sired the triumph of our arms. It was only by 
 the forcible suppression of sentiments opposed to 
 the Confederate cause that there could be unity 
 and concentration of action and the best possible 
 use of all the resources of the insurgents for the 
 prosecution of the war. That a latent loyalty pre^ 
 vailed in many hearts in the South, that were not 
 directly interested in the institution of slavery, and 
 appreciated the freedom of the old Government, 
 cannot be doubted. But while the cause of the 
 rebellion inspired hope in those holding the reins 
 of power, no advantage could be secured by a 
 course of opposition, even were it safe to pursue 
 such a policy. When both useless and dangerous
 
 34 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 to oppose, a quiet reserve was the only alternative 
 for those to pursue who were in spirit loyal to the 
 Union. Having all their property and interests in 
 the South, they chose to remain and suffer the ills 
 of their lot, rather than fly to others they knew not 
 how to meet 
 
 The enemy retired from Holly Springs across the 
 Tallahatchie, and occupied a strong position on the 
 south bank of that stream. The approach of Sher- 
 man's Corps from Memphis, upon his flank, com- 
 pelled the evacuation of the line of the Tallahatch- 
 ie, and on the 30th of November, he retreated 
 toward Grenada, via Oxford, followed by Grant, 
 whose advance pressed his rear in close pursuit. 
 Our forces rested one day on the Coldwater, and 
 on the 30th moved forward to Chulahoma. The 
 night of the enemy's retreat was a memorable one 
 to us. The troops were camped in a large corn- 
 field, when a violent storm of wind and rain arose, 
 and our tents were blown down, while the furrows 
 in which the soldiers had made their beds were 
 filled with water, compelling them to stand exposed 
 to the pitiless storm till morning. By a stringent 
 order, issued at Memphis, the troops were limited 
 to the use of shelter tents, which we were unable 
 to obtain in consequence of the supply being ex- 
 hausted. The men were therefore left without 
 shelter, except as they were able to protect them- 
 selves from the storm with their oil-blankets. TKe
 
 NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI CAMPAIGN. 35 
 
 cheerfulness that prevailed under these circum- 
 stances, indicated a noble spirit of endurance and 
 a readiness to make the best of their misfortune. 
 Morning broke upon numerous circles of the poor 
 fellows, around blazing fires, drying their blankets 
 and clothing, or putting their guns in condition for 
 service. The day was occupied in repairing the 
 damages of the night, only to be subjected to a 
 repetition of the drenching the next day, on the 
 march to Wyatt, on the Tallahatchie. At this 
 point the troops were detained while a bridge was 
 thrown across the river, when the Corps moved 
 forward to College Hill, and encamped, while the 
 railroad was in course of repair from Holly Springs 
 to Oxford. In the meantime the enemy continued 
 his retreat, followed by our cavalry to Coffeeville, 
 where a brisk skirmish occurred to our serious dis- 
 advantage. 
 
 The Regiment remained at TVyatt, guarding the 
 bridge. Supplies for the right wing were conveyed 
 by wagon from Holly Springs to the front, crossing 
 the river at this place. During our continuance 
 here, supplies became very scarce, and the troops 
 were compelled to subsist on forage almost exclu- 
 sively. The country, in all directions, had been so 
 thoroughly impoverished that it was exceedingly 
 difficult to procure sufficient food. Quartermaster 
 McClellan was untiring in his efforts to provide for 
 the wants of the men. Day and night he labored
 
 36 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 in collecting corn and grinding it in a " horse-mill," 
 when all other supplies had failed. It is probable 
 that those living in the midst of abundance never 
 know what hunger is. But the men who have en- 
 dured the hardships of a soldier's life, know full 
 well the gnawing sensation of hunger. When 
 half famished for want of the most common food, 
 and compelled to subsist on coarse meal alone, 
 thoughts of the bounties of home, where all our 
 wants were wont to be supplied, induced peculiar 
 feelings, which one who has been in want can un- 
 derstand. The sacrifices of the soldier cannot be 
 fully valued till the long list of his privations, toils, 
 sufferings, and dangers has been recounted. But 
 there is no better school for patience and experi- 
 ence to write their lasting influence upon the mem- 
 ory, than in the humble position of the common 
 soldier, who grows wiser by every day's lesson, 
 and treasures up the thoughts of years in his heart. 
 If our brave men, returned to home and friends, 
 could but speak the language of their hearts, gar- 
 nered up in the long years of their arduous service, 
 how eloquent would be their utterances. But it 
 cannot be spoken. In future years the recital of 
 the scenes of camp and field will charm the chil- 
 dren upon the knee, but none can read the deep 
 lines written in memory by the events delineated. 
 The past is replete with valuable lessons, if we will 
 but heed them, as we ought.
 
 NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI CAMPAIGN. 37 
 
 But the suffering was not confined to our sol- 
 diers. Greater privation was endured by the in- 
 habitants, upon whose substance we relied for sup- 
 port, when our supplies failed us. The owner of 
 eight hundred acres of land at Wyatt was reduced 
 to the lowest condition of want His horses, 
 mules, cattle, hogs, and corn had been appropriated 
 by the- army ; his fences and out-buildings were 
 consumed for fuel, and his house stripped of every- 
 thing except the bare furniture. We occupied his 
 house, and fed him and his family during our stay, 
 an object of charity in his own home, where he had 
 lived in comfort for twenty years. As we left him 
 he asked, with broken utterance, what he should 
 do, a difficult question to answer. This is but one 
 of many thousand cases of destitution produced -by 
 the ravages of war in the region of hostilities, 
 where armies have traversed the land for four long 
 and fearful years of strife. If it be thus with the 
 laud-owners, how wretched must be the condition 
 of the poor, degraded whites. Many of this class 
 came to us for aid, but we could afford them no 
 relief. 
 
 The army was re-organized during the brief 
 period of repose allowed us here. The army under 
 Grant included the expeditionary force on the lower 
 Mississippi, operating against Vicksburg, which 
 consisted of the Thirteenth Corps, under General 
 McCleruand. General Sherman was detached
 
 38 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 from his command and ordered to proceed, with 
 the Fifteenth Corps, to join McClernand, and 
 assume command of the entire force on the Mis- 
 sissippi. The Sixteenth Corps, under General 
 Hamilton, and the Seventeenth, under General 
 McPherson, were retained in Northern Mississippi, 
 and General Sherman's previous command was 
 distributed among the three Corps, the First Divi- 
 sion being assigned to the Sixteenth, the Second 
 to the Fifteenth, and the Third to the Seventeenth 
 Corps. The Twelfth Indiana was detached from 
 the Brigade, and assigned to guard duty at the 
 Tallahatchie railroad bridge. Colonel Williams 
 joined the Regiment on the llth of December, 
 and on the 12th, the command marched to Water- 
 ford, and thence to Tallahatchie on the 15th. % 
 
 The plan of operations contemplated a diversion, 
 by the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Corps, in favor 
 of the force operating directly against Vicksburg 
 under Sherman, Holly Springs being the base of 
 supplies, to which point the Mississippi Central 
 Railroad was already opened. A large quantity 
 of stores had been accumulated there, and the 
 railroad was about to be opened to Oxford, at 
 which place General Grant had his head-quarters. 
 Soon after we reached our assigned station the 
 bridge was completed and communication was 
 opened from Columbus to Oxford. At this junc- 
 ture the rebel General Van Dorn succeeded in
 
 NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI CAMPAIGN. 39 
 
 surprising the garrison at Holly Springs, early on 
 the morning of the 19th of December, capturing 
 the entire force, cutting our communications, and 
 destroying the supplies. This event compelled the 
 abandonment of the campaign, and the troops re- 
 turned to Holly Springs, whence the Seventeenth 
 Corps was ordered to Memphis and sent down 
 the river to join the expeditionary force in front 
 of Vicksburg. The Sixteenth Corps was retained 
 in Western Tennessee, to hold the line of 
 communication from Columbus to Corinth and 
 Memphis. 
 
 Colonel Williams and Quartermaster McClellan 
 were captured at Holly Springs, and paroled with 
 the garrison. The command of the Regiment again 
 devolved on Lieutenant Colonel Kempton. On the 
 27th of December, the Regiment was assigned to 
 the Second Brigade of the First Division, Sixteenth 
 Corps, Brigadier General Denver commanding 
 Division. The Brigade consisted of the Sixth 
 Iowa, Forty-sixth Ohio, Fortieth Illinois, Twelfth 
 and One Hundredth Indiana, Colonel McDowell, 
 of the Sixth Iowa, commanding. On the 28th 
 the Regiment joined the Brigade, and on the 
 29th marched to lk)lly Springs. The troops re- 
 mained in the vicinity for several days, and on the 
 6th of January, 1863, the First Division marched to 
 Salem, thence to Spring Hill, and on the 9th, ar- 
 rived at the assigned post of duty for the winter.
 
 40 . VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 The First Brigade was quartered at Grand Junction, 
 fifty-two miles east of Memphis, at the crossing of 
 the Memphis and Chaleston and Mississippi Cen- 
 tral Railroads. The other Brigades of the Division 
 were stationed at La Grange, and other points to- 
 ward Memphis. Thus terminated the campaign 
 in Northern Mississippi, without the accomplish- 
 ment of any important object. It was now too 
 late to attempt further operations by land, and 
 General Grant at once entered upon the work of 
 reducing Vicksburg, by moving from some point 
 on the Mississippi.
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR, 
 
 
 
 The close of the campaign was coincident with 
 that of the year, and suggested sad thoughts of 
 the past, as" well as anxious inquiries concerning 
 the future. The toils and privations of December 
 had induced disease in many of our noble soldiers, 
 who subsequently died. Our tents had reached us 
 on the Tallahatchie, and full rations were issued to 
 the troops during the latter part of the campaign. 
 But food and shelter could not restore health to 
 the diseased, who were conveyed to hospital, and 
 received every attention that could be bestowed. 
 The work of death began at Wyatt. Andrew J. 
 Gilpin, of Co. C, died December 10th, after an 
 illness of ten days, induced by exposure at Chula- 
 homa. We buried him at the twilight hour, and 
 early on the following morning his brother, belong- 
 ing to the same company, arrived from Memphis 
 to learn his sad fate. Others soon after died, and 
 the sick list largely increased during the winter. 
 Thus did our brave boys so soon begin to drop into
 
 42 VICKSBURO TO RALEIGH. 
 
 the grave, the victims of disease, sacrifices to their 
 country no less dear to memory than those slain 
 upon the field of hattle. The few months of ser- 
 vice had borne many of our number to the rest 
 from which no earthly summons could awaken 
 them. Some had given up their lives at Rich- 
 mond, while others had died of wounds received 
 in that engagement. Still others were disabled by 
 wounds, or suffering from disease, far from home 
 and friends. 
 
 During the six weeks intervening between our 
 departure from Memphis and our arrival at Grand 
 Junction no intelligence had reached us from 
 home. But facilities had been afforded us of com- 
 municating to our friends the record of our expe- 
 rience during the campaign. We looked back 
 upon the scenes of the past as participants in the 
 great struggle, while they were interested observ- 
 ers of our movements, whose lives were bound 
 up in ours, and whose anxieties were constantly 
 aroused for our security. The afflicted ones 
 derived consolation in their sorrow from the con- 
 sciousness that their friends had fallen in a noble 
 and righteous cause. 
 
 But the retrospect is not merely individual, or 
 social, in its character. It is not limited to the 
 scenes in our own circumscribed sphere of action 
 and observation. The progress of events in the 
 great drama being enacted upon the theatre of
 
 RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 43 
 
 war, as well as the incidents in our own experience, 
 invite attention. These, too, had been for a time 
 hidden from view, in our isolation from the exter- 
 nal world around us. The significance of our 
 own failure to penetrate the heart of Mississippi, 
 and thus reach the rear of Vicksburg, involved 
 no disaster to the army, which was in immediate 
 readiness to renew the effort to reach the citadel 
 in another direction. No cause for despondency 
 existed in the Department of the Tennessee. 
 Though baffled in one part of his plan. Grant was 
 not beaten, and with new vigor he entered upon 
 the work before him. The confidence of the peo- 
 ple in the entire Army of the West remained 
 unimpaired. In the Department -of the Cumber- 
 land Rosecraus had succeeded Buell, who had 
 turned back the confident enemy at Perryville, 
 and followed Bragg to Murfreesboro, where he 
 was already engaging him in one of the severest 
 battles of the war. The glorious result of Stone 
 River revived the hearts of the people, and prom- 
 ised additional triumphs to our arms. But in 
 the East our cause had recently suffered a severe 
 reverse at Fredericksburg, which put us again on 
 the defensive against a renewal of the attempt to 
 strike Washington. The hope inspired by the su- 
 persedure of McClellan by Burnside had not been 
 realized, and a second change of commanders was 
 the result. Our misfortunes in the East, during
 
 44 VTCKSBURa TO RALEIGH. 
 
 the year, had tried the strength of the nation to its 
 fullest capacity, but the tide having been turned in 
 the West secured us from despair of success. Had 
 the sky been as dark over all the land as in the 
 East, we might possibly have faltered in our great 
 work. But the vital question remained to be 
 settled, in the pending struggle for the possession 
 of the key of the great artery of commerce be- 
 tween the Northwest and the Gulf, which, decided 
 in our favor, forever rendered the cause of the 
 Confederacy hopeless, except by reoccupation of 
 the Mississippi. The review of our military ope- 
 rations at this period, though not flattering, was 
 not, on the whole, calculated to impair our confi- 
 dence in final success. 
 
 Any review of the events of the year now closed 
 would be imperfect, that should omit a reference 
 to the efforts of Northern sympathizers with trea- 
 son to secure the control of the several State 
 Governments, for the purpose of bringing the 
 war to a speedy and dishonorable termination. 
 That such a scheme should have originated with 
 men enjoying the protection and benefits of the 
 Government is a painful reflection. It is hu- 
 miliating to every loyal heart to know that a 
 systematic course of vilification of those noble 
 men, who 'held the reins of government in the 
 loyal States, should have so far been approved by 
 the people as to render it dangerous to our cause,
 
 RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 45 
 
 and a prominent source of discouragement and 
 anxiety for the national safety. That the greatest 
 gloom should have been cast upon the public mind 
 by sharers in our common blessings almost ex- 
 ceeds belief. The comparative guilt of Northern 
 men, laboring in the interest of the rebellion, 
 under the specious plea of adherence to the Con- 
 stitution and laws of the Union, is only appreciable 
 when carefully examined in reference to its dan- 
 gerous tendency. For overt treason armed to 
 overthrow the Government, is a palpable object, 
 against which resistance may be brought to bear, 
 while this covert purpose to destroy is difficult of 
 detection and proof. The chief guilt of the rebel- 
 lion itself consisted in the incipient measures, to 
 inaugurate insurrection by those in whom were 
 deposited the interests of the people, as their sworn 
 representatives. The just measure of punishment 
 for all who thus concocted treason, under the name 
 and authority of vested power, should be death. 
 If so, what degree of guilt must attach to those, 
 who, while the national life is imperiled by a 
 gigantic rebellion, seek, under the guise of law, to 
 restrain the exercise of the nation's strength for 
 the defense and maintenance of the vital principles 
 of the Government. The design is identical with 
 that of the leaders in the rebellion itself, and the 
 only mitigation of the judgment to be awarded 13 
 the fact that the purpose was not effected. But this
 
 46 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 was owing to the lack of power, and not of dispo- 
 sition or intention. The guilt primarily rests upon 
 the demagogues who misled the people. Yet it is 
 a sad reflection that so large a number of citizens 
 of the loyal States, could have been made subser- 
 vient instruments of base and cowardly traitors, 
 as to endanger the salvation of the country more 
 effectually than all the hosts of armed insurgents 
 in the revolted States. That some whose friends 
 were in the army, doing battle for their country, 
 should be so far led astray as to encourage deser- 
 tion and promise protection to deserters, against 
 the enforcement of military authority for their 
 arrest and return to duty, can scarcely be credited. 
 Yet this was the actual result of the teaching of 
 Northern traitors, during the political canvass of 
 1862. The votes of the party seeking to gain con- 
 trol of State legislation and Executive authority 
 strengthened the hands of armed traitors and 
 weakened those of our brave defenders, just in 
 proportion to the accomplishment of their ends. 
 That the country was not then rent into fragments 
 is only due to the defeat of those conspirators 
 against the life of the nation, who, by a complete 
 triumph, would have reversed the machinery of 
 State legislation, and rendered the success of 
 armed treason certain and speedy. The tide of 
 battle had been stemmed by the earnest devotion
 
 RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 47 
 
 of the loyal masses, and hope whispered of bright- 
 er days to come. 
 
 The close of the year suggested an earnest fore- 
 cast of the future. In the light of past events, 
 without reference to the principles involved in our 
 great conflict, the prospect was not flattering. A 
 few of the most encouraging features of our con- 
 dition will be noticed here. First in importance 
 is the fact, evident to all impartial observers, that 
 the weight of moral and religious influence in the 
 North was unmistakably in favor of the policy of 
 the Administration. Too much significance can 
 scarcely be attached to this truth, that in a great 
 national struggle for life, the party which evokes 
 the deepest and purest emotions and desires of 
 the people, by which they are stimulated to corres- 
 ponding effort, is certain of success in the end. 
 Our national character involves more of moral 
 principle than that of any other nation whose his- 
 tory is recorded in the annals of the world, and 
 if the representatives of those higher elements of 
 our life are found arrayed in its defense, it will 
 survive the contest. The moral and religious 
 teachings of the North were far purer and more 
 elevating in their tendency than those of the South, 
 where proscription of , opinions prevailed to such a 
 degree that it was unsafe to transcend the fixed 
 limits which pro-slavery politicians had set for the 
 restraint of all teachers of morality and religion.
 
 48 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. . 
 
 Hence, in a contest for principle, we had the ad- 
 vantage of freedom from constraint, and when we 
 spoke in the full determination of purpose to vin- 
 dicate the honor of the Government, when assailed, 
 the ready response of the moral and religious sen- 
 timents of the people free and untrammeled as 
 the sun-light of heaven, because derived from the 
 great Source of all truth gave character and 
 power to the nation, in the execution of its declared 
 purpose. This was exemplified in the course of 
 the Chief Executive of the nation, and of the 
 several State Executives, who repeatedly acknowl- 
 edged the intimacy of relation between the divine 
 agency and the salvation of the nation. They did 
 this, not as religious men, for they were not all 
 even moral men in the strictest sense, but they 
 spoke the convictions of the public mind and the 
 deep feelings of the public heart, with whose every 
 pulsation they were familiar from long and careful 
 observation. 
 
 In close connection with the moral encourage- 
 ment thus given to our cause is the fact that science 
 and literature, philosophy and art have also given 
 their sanction to the great principles of our Govern- 
 ment in the progress of the struggle. True pro- 
 gress is in exact proportion to the morals and 
 intelligence of the people. Hence all the profes- 
 sions, in which men may reasonably hope to 
 achieve honor and distinction, are dignified by the
 
 RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 49 
 
 elevation of the masses in the scale of moral being. 
 Those desiring success in life will, from a sense of 
 interest as well as consistency and duty, range 
 themselves on the side of right, in every issue 
 between truth and error, so far as they can be con- 
 trolled by a sincere regard for their pursuits. 
 Those who prefer present advantages to lasting 
 honors may set aside principle, and sell integrity 
 for pleasure. But the great men, in all ranks of 
 life, are those who prefer principles to expedients', 
 and enduring character to ephemeral reputation. 
 Such have been found with us in the defense of 
 our national integrity. And those who have flitted 
 before the public eye, in all the brilliancy of wit 
 and talent, as the enemies of the Government, 
 under the assumed name of Democracy, have now 
 gone down to the obscurity from which they came. 
 In the time of our deepest gloom it was evident 
 that the self-styled leaders of the opposition were 
 either men of mediocrity, or without principle, 
 who hoped to ride into power over the ruins of 
 their country, knowing that our triumph would 
 consign them to oblivion. 
 
 These considerations, with others of minor im- 
 portance, prevailed over the fears induced by the 
 disasters of the year recently closed. The great 
 decision had been rendered by the Chief Executive 
 of the nation that the curse of oppression should be 
 
 removed from the land. The declared purpose 
 o
 
 50 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 was fully completed, so far as Executive authority 
 could secure completion in law, on the advent of 
 the New Year, and from that hour the star of hope 
 rose, and led us to the day of peace. The struggle 
 was thenceforward reduced to the simple issue of 
 freedom for all, with the Union of the States, or 
 perpetual tyranny, with States discordant and 
 dissevered. The occasional reverses to our arms 
 that succeeded, failed to produce that deep gloom 
 that had prevailed during the year just closed. 
 The strong man was fully roused and ready to go 
 forth to accomplish terrible things in the overthrow 
 of usurpation and wrong.
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 THE COMING OF THE MAIL. 
 
 On our arrival at Grand Junction, the accumu- 
 lated mail of the previous six weeks was received 
 and distributed to as joyful a class of men as ever 
 welcomed news from home. More than three 
 thousand letters were issued to about seven hun- 
 dred men, some receiving more than twenty. In 
 the entire Eegiment, but one man failed to receive 
 a letter. The scene attending each successive 
 receipt of the mail was full of interest. Nothing 
 would arouse attention more promptly than the 
 announcement of its arrival, an eager crowd inva- 
 riably collecting at the Chaplain's tent to receive 
 the allotted portion. Those favored with news 
 were always cheerful, while the disappointed ones 
 could be seen slowly returning to their quarters, 
 evidently dissatisfied with the result, perhaps com- 
 plaining of the neglect of friends at home. After 
 the long and toilsome marches, cut off from all 
 communications for months, the coming of the 
 mail was like the distribution of precious treasure
 
 52 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 among the expectant throng, waiting to receive the 
 long-delayed message from the dear friend far 
 away. 
 
 The soldier learns, by protracted absence, to 
 appreciate the home privileges, which he has here- 
 tofore enjoyed with scarce a thought of their true 
 value, till they have been laid aside. As he goes 
 out to the field of strife, feeling that he is no longer 
 privileged to do as he pleases, but that for three 
 long years he may be kept from his family, who 
 continually miss him from his accustomed place, he 
 catches a partial conception of the price he pays 
 for his country's preservation. But when far from 
 home, and shut out from the world, with no word 
 of cheer from those dear to him as his own life, he 
 more fully realizes the value of the joys he has 
 resigned. The presence of loved ones is denied 
 him, and his only solace is in the silent messenger 
 borne to him by the coming mail. It is not sur- 
 prising that the strong man feels a peculiar thrill 
 of pleasure as the long looked-for letter is placed 
 in his hand. With what eagerness he breaks the 
 seal and casts his eye over the page. You need 
 not ask if he has good news, if the dear ones are 
 blessed with health, or are in sorrow and distress. 
 His countenance, overspread with a smile or a 
 look of sadness, tells the tale of joy or of sorrow 
 which the message brings.
 
 COMING OF THE MAIL. 63 
 
 The influence of kind words from those we love, 
 in our absence from them, is more powerful than 
 that of the human voice in conversation. It is to 
 us a visible testimony of the mystic chord which 
 unites hearts in common sympathy, and the 
 imagination at once clothes the sentiment with 
 personality. For this reason an old letter is made to 
 supply the place of one we hoped to receive. There 
 is nothing new for we haVe read it before but 
 it renews the assurance of continued remembrance 
 and affection. Yet in the presence of the writer 
 these old letters are little esteemed, for we prefer 
 the music of the voice. Let any one sit down, in 
 the quiet of home, to read old letters, however 
 interesting, and they fail to please as they did in 
 our absence. Even, our own letters seem frigid 
 and uninteresting when read after the lapse of 
 years. Yet they once came warm from the heart, 
 and afforded a mutual satisfaction to the writer 
 and the receiver. They lose their interest because 
 they are no longer necessary to association. 
 
 To the soldier the words of affection and friend- 
 ship come with peculiar interest. The young man 
 who prizes the pious instructions of his mother is 
 more affected by them than by sermons or pray- 
 ers, for they come home to the heart and elicit a 
 response which no other agency could call forth. 
 The influence of a mother's love upon a wayward 
 son, thus subjected to direct Christian instruction,
 
 64 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 can scarcely be exceeded. Instances are not un- 
 usual of the formation of noble resolutions of 
 amendment, under faithful maternal counsel. 
 Many a devoted wife has spoken more powerfully 
 to the heart of her husband by her letters than 
 by her voice. The brother has been strengthened 
 by the unselfish affection of a sister, and the admo- 
 nitions of the . father have enabled the son to 
 triumph over temptations into which others have 
 fallen. The degree of influence exerted for the 
 good of the soldiers by their faithful friends at 
 home can never be known, except by those who 
 have been benefited thereby. Those who have 
 thus been restrained from vice and encouraged in 
 the pursuit of virtue know full well how to appre- 
 ciate the homes to which they now return. 
 
 The value of friendly counsel to those in the 
 army has an illustration in the encouragement 
 which all who love their country have afforded to 
 those engaged in the service, to faithfully and 
 cheerfully discharge their duty. Thus strengthened 
 by wise counsels the true soldier has gone untar- 
 nished through the struggle, proudly conscious of 
 having fulfilled his sacred obligations. Through 
 the medium of correspondence with the good and 
 true the sentiment of the people and the army was 
 kept in unison, and the loyalty of both to the great 
 principles involved in the conflict was mutually 
 stimulated by the simple influence thus exerted.
 
 COMING OF THE MAILS. 55 
 
 The social and civil ties that bound the masses and 
 the country's defenders together were thus made 
 like a three-fold cord, that could not be broken. 
 It would be difficult to conceive the weight of 
 influence exerted upon the two great armies in the 
 field, by the intelligence received from home con- 
 cerning the hopes and purposes of the loyal peo- 
 ple. Triumph of principle and patriotism over 
 partisan and treasonable combinations at the ballot 
 box gave fresh impulse to the energies of the sol- 
 dier, while his victory in return stimulated more 
 vigorous effort by the citizen. In the exercise of 
 this mutual encouragement the very soul of 
 patriotic correspondence between the people and 
 the army our ultimate triumph was rendered 
 sure, and the pen of the humblest mother, urging 
 her son to constant devotion, was, like the weapon 
 he bore to the conflict, employed on the side of 
 right, and gave no small influence in the scale.
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 WINTER QUARTERS AT GRAND JUNCTION. 
 
 On our arrival at this place we were ordered 
 into camp in a corn-field north Of the town, a 
 miserable situation for the season. Here the 
 Regiment remained from the 9th of January to the 
 12th of March. The Memphis and Charleston 
 Railroad was soon re-opened, and communication 
 with Corinth and Memphis, via Jackson, was 
 maintained. All our supplies reached us from 
 the latter place, on account of the destruction of a 
 large amount of trestle-work on the Mississippi 
 Central Railroad, north of Jackson. Memphis, and 
 the line of communication thence to Corinth, were 
 held by the Sixteenth Corps, Major General Hurl- 
 but succeeding General Hamilton in command. 
 The duty of the troops consisted chiefly in guard 
 and picket, which, under more fayorable circum- 
 stances might have been pleasant. But the loca- 
 tion, and inclemency of the season, with poor 
 water and previous exposure, produced disease, of
 
 WINTER QUARTERS. 67 
 
 which about forty men died during the period of 
 our stay at this place. The record of the two 
 months spent at Grand Junction presents scarcely 
 a redeeming feature, and will ever be remembered 
 with feelings of sadness by the surviving members 
 of the Regiment. 
 
 The troops were forbidden to make use of unoc- 
 cupied buildings and fences to render their quarters 
 comfortable and healthy, the result of which was 
 that many of the men slept for months on the 
 damp ground, under cover of their bell tents, into 
 which they were crowded and compelled to spend 
 most of their time, especially during the rainy 
 season. A rude chimney at one end, opposite the 
 entrance, rendered these winter habitations barely 
 endurable. Yet, while blessed with health, con- 
 tentment was a constant guest of the soldier's 
 quarters. But when disease began to prevail, it 
 was not strange that thoughts of home should 
 induce home-sickness. To while away the long 
 winter evenings various plans were resorted to. 
 Some discussed questions of science or the pros- 
 pects of the war. Others dwelt on the scenes of 
 their brief but eventful period of service, while 
 many indulged in merriment or games of skill or 
 chance. The use of cards, and even gambling, 
 was not unusual, for in a regiment of men col- 
 lected from all ranks of society a multiplicity of 
 characters will be found. On the contrary, a
 
 58 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 select few would occasionally meet in one of the 
 tents to spend an evening in prayer and religious 
 conversation, and many happy hours were thus 
 occupied. All found a common interest in writing 
 letters to absent friends, and the correspondence 
 of these men during this period must have been 
 peculiarly interesting to friends at home ; for the 
 soldier's letter is a miniature of his own experience 
 and observation, which was at this time one of 
 trial and affliction. 
 
 During the months of January, February, and 
 the former part of March, more than forty of the 
 Regiment died of disease. In all the new regi- 
 ments of the Division a great mortality prevailed 
 during the winter, while comparatively few of the 
 old soldiers died. This was no doubt attributable 
 to their acquired power of endurance, which 
 enabled them to bear the exposure of the recent 
 campaign and the inclemency of the winter season. 
 It is always observable that during the first year a 
 new regiment suffers more from disease than in all 
 the latter period of the service-. Still it is not a 
 little remarkable that many of those who died of 
 sickness were among the most rugged men of the 
 Regiment 
 
 Soon after reaching Grand Junction, Dr. Lomax 
 joined the Regiment from detached service, and the 
 three Surgeons were present with the command, 
 Dr. Lomax taking quarters at the Regimental
 
 WINTER QUARTERS. 59 
 
 Hospital in town, and Drs. Taylor and Campfield 
 remaining with the Regiment at camp, visiting 
 the patients in hospital every morning and even- 
 ing. The Union Hotel was occupied jointly by 
 the Twelfth and One Hundredth Indiana Volun- 
 teers for hospital purposes, excepting a few lower 
 rooms which were previously held by the Medical 
 Department of the Fifteenth Michigan, then on 
 provost duty at the place. In February, Dr. 
 Campfield was detached from the Regiment, and 
 ordered to report to Millikin's Bend, La., for duty 
 in General Hospital, where he remained till July 
 following. 
 
 The record of mortality begins with the death of 
 David P. Gilpin, of Co. K, January 6th, while the 
 Regiment was en route to Grand Junction from 
 Holly Springs. This young man died at the latter 
 place, on his way to General Hospital. His brother, 
 belonging to the same Company, knew nothing of 
 the event till he was buried. Sergeant Milford D. 
 Jones, of Co. C, and Cyrus Hart, of Co. F, were 
 also left, at Holly Springs, and subsequently died 
 at La Grange, Tennessee. The first death at 
 Grand Junction was that of George Craig, of Co. 
 C, January 18th. Professor Adolph Genning, 
 leader of the Band, though not a member of the 
 Regiment, fell dead, of apoplexy, the same day, 
 after eating a hearty breakfast. They were both
 
 60 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 buried in the same grave, with the usual cere- 
 monies which are observed on funeral occasions 
 in the army. The procession moves to the grave 
 in the following order : The Band, playing a 
 funeral march ; the corpse, in ambulance, with the 
 pall-bearers marching abreast; the escort, with 
 arms reversed; the Company, in reverse order, 
 without arms, led by the Chaplain. On reaching 
 the grave the escort is formed in two files, on one 
 side of the open vault, presenting arms while the 
 coifin is borne to the grave and placed in position 
 for lowering into the earth. The funeral services 
 are performed, which, with us, consisted of reading 
 Scripture, a few practical remarks, and prayer, at 
 the close of which the coffin is deposited in its 
 place, the escort again presenting arms. The 
 military honors are paid by the escort firing three 
 volleys of blank cartridge over the grave, when 
 the procession returns in the same order in which 
 it came, the grave being filled by those who remain. 
 Usually large numbers attended the funerals, and 
 exhibited a sincere respect for their departed com- 
 rades in arms. The contrast between a burial 
 scene, as thus described, and a funeral occasion in 
 civil life is BO marked as to deeply impress the 
 mind of one who for the first time witnesses the 
 solemn scene. There are no weeping friends, 
 though the absence of tears does not prove the 
 absence of grief, and especially no mother, wife,
 
 WINTER QUARTERS. 61 
 
 or sister, to rouse our sympathy and call forth the 
 manly tear of sorrow. The plain coffin, or rude 
 box, containing the uniformed soldier, wrapped in 
 his blanket, is in striking contrast with the orna- 
 mented shrine in which we are accustomed to 
 deposit the sacred dust of those who are borne 
 from our homes to the rest of the grave. All 
 these combine to render the first burial scene in 
 the army one of the most impressive in the records 
 of memory. 
 
 The following is a full list of those who died 
 from the date of our first burial to the 20th of 
 March, at which time the patients were removed 
 from Grand Junction, to join the Regiment at 
 Camp Loomis, near Collierville : 
 
 January 17th John B. Tirey, Company H. 
 January 22d Corporal Isaac E. Jones, Company D. 
 January 28th John Alter, Company F. 
 Ja nuary 30th John H. Darr, Company F. 
 January 3lst Sergeant Edwin Robinson, Company H. 
 February 5th William Olvy, Company H. 
 February 7th Abel A. Wheeler, Company F. 
 February 10th Peter B. Lennen, Company G. 
 February 14th George W. Davis, Company D. 
 February 14th Joseph Fawcett, Company H. 
 February 15th John Thompson, Company E. 
 February 17th Silas Dern, Company D. 
 February 19th Washington Custer, Company D. 
 February 20th Henry Noll, Company K. 
 February 21st Sergeant Major Larrey D. McFarlana. 
 February 21st Henry Hall, Company H.
 
 62 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 February 22d Frank Seman, Company B. 
 
 February 22d Robert W. McCallister, Company K. 
 
 February 23d Lewis Michael, Company G. 
 
 February 24th Sergeant Thomas L. Huston, Company G. 
 
 February 24th Eli Bray, Company E. 
 
 February 25th Thornton R. Turner, Company H. 
 
 March 2d Franklin Eldridge, Company D. 
 
 March 3d Hampton D. Johnson, Company D. 
 
 March 4th George W. Colvin, Company D. 
 
 March 5th John McVey, Company G. 
 
 March 6th Lewis Allen, Company C. 
 
 March 6th Levi Creviston, Company C. 
 
 March 7th Sampson Strock, Company A. 
 
 March 7th Henry Cuffle, Co. I. 
 
 March 8th Second Lieut. Wm. C. Kirkpatrick, Company L 
 
 March 10th David H. Davidson, Company H. 
 
 March 12th Isaac Pontious, Co. I. 
 
 March 13th John C. Carrell, Company H. 
 
 March 14th Corporal Jonathan Magner, Company F. 
 
 March 18th William A. Schooler, Company C. 
 
 March 18th William Ware, Company E. 
 
 March 20th John Dunn, Company C. 
 
 It was a painful task to communicate to the 
 friends of these noble men the sad intelligence of 
 their death, as one by one they passed away. A 
 thousand incidents connected with the illness and. 
 dying hour of the persons named in the preced- 
 ing list rise to view on the page of memory. A 
 few of these will be noted. Fourteen of the num- 
 ber left families to mourn their loss, the remaining 
 twenty-four, with the three previously mentioned, 
 being young men, in the very prime of manhood.
 
 WINTER QUARTERS. 63 
 
 most of whom possessed vigorous constitutions, 
 and struggled long with disease for the mastery. 
 The wonderful tenacity of life exhibited by John 
 H. Darr is worthy of special mention. This young 
 man was one of the strongest in the Regiment, 
 and in his long conflict he never once became 
 discouraged, or allowed a doubt of his recovery to 
 enter his mind, and to the very last moment 
 retained the full determination to conquer the 
 disease which had assailed his vital energies. In a 
 moment the heart of the resolute man was stilled 
 in death. The silver cord was loosed, the golden 
 bowl was broken, and the spirit had returned to 
 God who gave it. 
 
 One of these had been a man of intemperate 
 habits, and the withdrawal of the accustomed stim- 
 ulant roused to fiercer action the thirst for drink. 
 Enfeebled by disease, he would suddenly become 
 pulseless and rigid as a corpse, presenting every 
 appearance of death. After a short time a faint 
 indication of life, accompanied with a moan 
 scarcely audible, could be detected by the pulse. 
 From this condition he would gradually rouse to 
 almost superhuman strength, requiring great effort 
 to keep him in subjection, the moan meantime 
 swelling and rising to the most fearful screams, 
 which resounded far and wide, hi the solemn still- 
 ness of the night. Several of these terrible scenes 
 occurred, when at last death supervened, and the
 
 64 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 unfortunate man had met his fate, a solemn warn- 
 ing to those who are the slaves of appetite. 
 
 A far different scene was presented at the death- 
 bed of Franklin Eldridge, who felt that the sands 
 of life were almost run, and spent his last moments 
 in commending his soul to God. Being asked what 
 message he had to leave his for widowed mother, 
 he opened his eyes, when he had ceased his silent 
 prayer for divine strength, while a glow of un- 
 earthly beauty spread over and lighted up his 
 features, and calmly replied, " Tell her I am hap- 
 pier than she or any one else can be in this world." 
 The reflected light of the upper world, from the 
 countenance of of the dying youth, fell upon the 
 hearts of all who witnessed the scene, and Lieut. 
 Kirkpatrick, who lay by his side, and who also 
 soon died, caught the sacred influence and shouted 
 " Glory to God." It was there we realized that 
 " the chamber where the good man meets his fate 
 is far beyond the common walks of life, quite on 
 the verge of heaven." 
 
 The death of Larrey D. McFarlane involved all 
 who knew him in sorrow. His cheerfulness and 
 assiduity in the performance of duty, added to his 
 noble moral character, rendered him dear to all. 
 To those who knew him intimately and observed 
 the inner promptings of his life, he could not but 
 be an object of tender solicitude and affection. 
 The unparalleled devotion of this young man to
 
 WINTER QUARTERS. 65 
 
 his mother excluded all base motives and inspired 
 him with lofty desires and purposes. From care- 
 ful study of his rare affection, combined with a 
 good native intellect, well cultivated for one of his 
 years, we could not look upon his familiar fea- 
 tures, cold in the embrace of death, without deep 
 feelings of sadness at the loss of so true a friend, 
 which enabled us to sympathize with the afflicted 
 mother, who immediately hastened to him, on 
 hearing of his dangerous illness. But he had 
 been laid to rest several days previous to her arri- 
 val, and she bore his remains with her to the 
 scenes of his childhood, sharing the warm sympa- 
 thies of the Regiment. 
 
 The remains of Sergeant Robinson and John B. 
 Tirey were disinterred and taken home. The 
 father of the former, while at Memphis, on his 
 return with the precious dust, also died very mys- 
 teriously, being found dead in his bed, with no 
 visible marks of violence upon his body, and he 
 was borne to his doubly afflicted family, to share 
 with his son the grave he had purchased with his 
 own life. Joseph Fawcett, Silas Dern, Sergeant 
 Huston, Eli Bray, Franklin Eldridge, Levi Crevis- 
 ton, Lieutenant Kirkpatrick and Jonathan Magner 
 were also taken home for burial. 
 
 This sad chapter in the volume of experience, 
 written in the memories of all who shared in the 
 trials of that period, closed with the removal of
 
 66 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 the Regimental Hospital to the pleasant and 
 healthy position to which the Regiment preceded 
 us on the 13th day of March. The number of pa- 
 tients in hospital at the date of removal, March 
 20th, was about thirty, seven of whom remained, 
 under care of Dr. Taylor, till the 26th. Among 
 those was John Dunn, of Company C, who died of 
 small-pox, on the 20th. Most of those who died 
 at Camp Loomis were the victims of disease in- 
 duced at Grand Junction, and others were unfitted 
 for service in consequence of protracted illness, 
 during the winter. The prevailing disease was 
 typhoid fever, in its most malignant form, often 
 succeeded by chronic derangement of 'the diges- 
 tive organs, from which secondary cause a number 
 died. The effective strength of the Regiment was 
 reduced nearly one hundred men during the first 
 six months of our service in Mississippi and Ten- 
 nesse, from disease alone. 
 
 The following promotions were made during 
 this period. 
 
 1st Lieut, llezekiah Beeson, Co. C, to Captain 
 vice Cubberly, resigned, March 1st, 1863. 
 
 2d Lieut. E. S. Lenfesty, Co. C, to 1st Lieu- 
 tenant, vice Beeson, promoted, March 1st, 1863. 
 
 Orderly Sergt. C. F. Mather, Co. C, to 2d Lieu- 
 tenant, vice Lenfesty, promoted, March 1st, 1863. 
 
 1st Lieut Thos. N. Peoples, to Captain, vice 
 Rooker, resigned, March 1st, 1863.
 
 WINTER QUARTERS. 67 
 
 Orderly Sergt. Robt. R. Scott, Co. E, to 2d Lieu- 
 tanant, vice Day, killed in action, to date from 
 Nov. 22d, 1862, and to 1st Lieut., vice Peoples, 
 promoted, March 1st, 1863. 
 
 Sergeant Samuel Shenafelt, Co. E, to 2d Lieu- 
 tenant, vice Scott, promoted, March 1st, 1863. 
 
 2d Lieut. Thos. J. Anderson, Co. I, to Captain, 
 vice Wells, resigned, Dec. 24th, 1862. 
 
 Orderly Sergt. Wm. C. Kirkpatrick, Co. I, to 
 1st Lieutenant, vice Wescott, killed in action, 
 Dec. 24th, 1862. 
 
 Sergeant Lemuel Hazzard, Co. I, to 2d Lieu- 
 tenant, vice Anderson, promoted, Dec. 24th, 1862. 
 
 1st Lieut, Robt. W. Weatherinton, Co. A, was 
 detailed as A. R. Q. M., on the capture of Quar- 
 termaster McClellan, and continued to fill the 
 position during his absence.
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 CAMP AT FORT LOOMIS. 
 
 The Regiment was transferred to the First Brig- 
 ade Colonel John Mason Loomis, of the Twenty- 
 sixth Illinois, commanding March 12th, and 
 assigned to duty at level's Station, on the Mem- 
 phis and Charleston Railroad, twenty miles east of 
 the former place. Four miles of the road were 
 held by the Regiment, which was posted as fol- 
 lows: Six Companies at level's Station Compa- 
 nies A, C, E, and H, being stationed at intervals, east 
 and west, between Collierville and German town. 
 These Companies were relieved by others during 
 the following month, and these in May, by others 
 still. 
 
 The Brigade consisted of the Twenty-sixth and 
 Ninetieth Illinois, Twelfth and One Hundredth In- 
 diana, with head-quarters at Collierville, four 
 miles east, where the Twenty-sixth Illinois and a 
 part of the One Hundredth Indiana were stationed, 
 a detachment of the latter Regiment occupying a
 
 CAMP AT FORT LOOMIS. 69 
 
 position farther east, while the Ninetieth Illinois 
 held Lafayette. Brigadier General William Sooy 
 Smith superseded General Denver in command of 
 the Division, on the 28th of March. 
 
 Our stay at this place was in striking contrast 
 with the period of suffering through which we had 
 recently passed at Grand Junction. The influence 
 of the pure air and good water revived the droop- 
 ing spirits of those who were not hopelessly dis- 
 eased of which latter class a number died and 
 gave new vigor to those who had escaped from the 
 contagious influences of our former situation. 
 The camp was all that could be desired. Embow- 
 ered in a beautiful grove of native oaks which 
 constituted the park of a large and valuable plan- 
 tation, owned by a Mr. Bedford we rejoiced in 
 the pure air and genial shade, almost forgetful 
 that we were in an enemy's land. The pleasant 
 scenes around us scarcely admitted the thought of 
 war's rude shocks, but spoke sweetly of the peace- 
 ful days of the past. Our letters were no longer 
 filled with gloomy forebodings, induced by an 
 atmosphere of pestilence and death around us. 
 Anxious care was banished from our own minds, 
 and we sought to impress our friends at home with 
 the idea of ambrosial pleasures in our new and 
 lovely camp. 
 
 But one thing indicated that ours was not a 
 mere pastime, and that danger lurked around this
 
 70 VICKSBtmO TO RALEIGH. 
 
 delightful spot. A strong stockade was in course 
 of construction in our front, near the railroad, 
 under the direction of Lieutenant Godown, of 
 Company K. This was octagonal in form, with 
 a diameter of fifty feet, enclosed with strong posts 
 of oaik closely fitted and set in the earth to the 
 depth, of three feet with port holes for musketry, 
 and a deep moat without. The interior was inter- 
 sected by a transverse line, similarly constructed, 
 running diagonally with the front face, which was 
 on a parallel with the line of the railroad. It was 
 designed to afford protection against the enemy 
 from whatever direction an attack might be made, 
 -but was never required for defense. 
 
 The wealthy planters had been deprived of all 
 the means of carrying on their usual operations, 
 including their slaves, who had left them to enjoy 
 their newly acquired freedom. The inhabitants 
 were chiefly disloyal, though some professed to 
 entertain Union sentiments. Among these was 
 Bedford, who owned three thousand acres of land 
 in that vicinity, while his neighbor, Nevel made 
 no secret of his alliance with the rebellion. His 
 frankness entitled him to a degree of respect of 
 which Bedford was not worthy, under the guise of 
 loyalty, being utterly destitute of moral principle, 
 and unquestionably a malignant rebel in the day 
 of Confederate rule. During the operations of the 
 spring campaigns, both East and West, the least
 
 CAMP AT FORT LOOMIS. 71 
 
 tendency of the balanced scale in favor of the 
 South was evidently received with increased grati- 
 fication by the wealthier classes, the women ven- 
 turing to speak boldly their true sentiments, and 
 predicting disaster to our cause in the pending 
 operations at Vicksburg, and that we could never 
 reduce the place, nor occupy Richmond. A deep 
 gloom was produced in their minds by the prema- 
 ture announcement, in May, of the occupation of 
 the rebel Capital. The cheerfulness of the soldiers 
 was in marked contrast with the despondency of 
 the citizens. Captain Ira J. Bloomfield, A. A. 
 General of the Brigade, addressed the Regiment in 
 an ecstacy of delight, and all felt encouraged to 
 look for an early triumph of our cause. The con- 
 tradiction of the report which followed, and the 
 intelligence of our reverse at Chancellorville had 
 a depressing influence upon us, while the faces of 
 the disloyal inhabitants were wreathed in smiles. 
 Our deep chagrin over the unfortunate result to 
 our arms and our premature rejoicing over sup- 
 posed victory was not forgotten, and when, two 
 years later, the news flashed over the land that 
 Richmond had fallen those who had been deceived 
 were distrustful. 
 
 Yet the confidence of the army was not essen- 
 tially impaired. The temporary defeat of Sher- 
 man at Chickasaw Bayou, and the failure of the 
 effort to divert the channel of the Mississippi
 
 72 VICKSBURO TO RALEIGH. 
 
 through the celebrated canal did not deter General 
 Grant from new and bolder plans for the attain- 
 ment of his object. By running the batteries with 
 transports, under the most fearful storm of iron 
 hail, he secured the means of placing his army on 
 the east bank of the river, below Vicksburg, and 
 by a series of brilliant victories compelled the 
 enemy to retire from Jackson into his defenses. 
 These successes repaired the shock produced upon 
 the public mind by the reverse in the East, and 
 were speedily followed by still greater triumphs. 
 
 While Vicksburg was thus being enveloped by 
 our army, and attracting the attention of the 
 country to the theatre of a struggle for the key to 
 the Confederacy, nothing was occurring in West- 
 ern Tennessee. Rosecrans confronted the enemy 
 at Tullahoma, while in the East Lee was repeating 
 his effort to flank Washington. The hour of 
 decisive action was approaching, and re-inforce- 
 ments were moving down the Mississippi to aid in 
 the reduction of the rebel stronghold. The with- 
 drawal of a portion of the Sixteenth Corps from 
 Western Tennessee was ordered in the latter part 
 of May, and a scene of activity followed. The 
 First Division was designated for the required 
 duty, and began the work of concentration prepar- 
 atory to movement to the scene of hostilities. 
 
 Our pleasant summer quarters at Fort Loomis 
 were abandoned, early on the morning of May
 
 CAMP AT FORT LOOMIS. 73 
 
 24th, after ten weeks of such enjoyment as seldom 
 falls to the lot of troops in time of war. The 
 memory of that period will ever be dear to many 
 hearts. The health of the Regiment was fully 
 restored and its efficiency greatly improved. Colo- 
 nel Williams and Quartermaster McClellan, hav- 
 ing been exchanged, returned on the 16th of May. 
 Lieutenant Colonel Kempton having received 
 leave of absence, on account of ill health, on the 
 5th day of May, Major Goodnow held command 
 of the Regiment till the arrival of Colonel Wil- 
 liams. 
 
 The following promotions were made at Camp 
 Loomis: 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Allen 8. Conner, Co. A, to 
 2nd Lieutenant, vice Wright, discharged, to date 
 from February 3rd, 1863. 
 
 2nd Lieutenant Lemuel Hazzard, Co. I, to 
 First Lieutenant, vice Kirkpatrick, deceased, April 
 7th, 1863. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant James H. Weaver, Co. I, 
 to 2nd Lieutenant, vice Hazzard, promoted, April 
 7th, 1863. 
 
 The number of deaths in hospital during the 
 same period was fourteen, viz : 
 
 March 18th Corporal Albert Benson, Company B. 
 April 3rd Jacob Greeson, Company E. 
 April 5th James Richardson, Company A. 
 April 7th Isaac Kirkpatrick, Company F. 
 i)
 
 74 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 April 10th David Thompson, Company E. 
 April 12th Peter Patrani, Company E. 
 April 13th Albert G, Stanton, Company A. 
 April 16th Corporal Addison K. Bell, Company B. 
 April 16th Robert McClary, Company A. 
 April 25th Andrew J. Messersmith, Company F. 
 April 26th David Wallace, Company F. 
 April 27th William H. Ferguson, Company A. 
 April 30th John G. Irelan, Company D. 
 May 10th John T. Butler, Company H.
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 THE VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN. 
 
 Public attention was directed almost exclusively 
 to the theatre of events on the Mississippi. The 
 series of battles at Grand Gulf, Port Gibson, Ray- 
 mond, Clinton, Edward's Station, Jackson, Bridge- 
 port, Champion Hill, and Black River Bridge, had 
 been attended with considerable loss on our side, 
 but in each we had gained a decisive triumph, 
 with the additional advantage of 'holding the ene- 
 my's line of communication, upon the retention 
 of which our success alone depended. If the 
 pending effort of Johnston to to raise the siege, by 
 compelling Grant to abandon his position in rear 
 of Yicksburg, should prove successful, the advan- 
 tages of the recent victories would be greatly dimin- 
 ished, if not entirely lost, for, with the restoration 
 of his communications, the enemy could at once 
 re-inforce and supply the garrison and endanger 
 our own base of operations, which had been secured 
 to us at Chickasaw Bayou, by the evacuation of the
 
 76 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 almost impregnable position at Haines' Bluff, on 
 the withdrawal of the entire rebel force into the 
 defenses around the city. Johnston's plan aimed to 
 re-occupy the lost ground, by cutting off our com- 
 munications, for which purpose he was threatening 
 our right flank and rear from the Big Black. The 
 absolute necessity of providing against the success 
 of this plan led to the order for re-inforcements 
 from Kentucky and Tennessee. 
 
 The army investing Vicksburg consisted of three 
 Corps, disposed as follows; the Fifteenth, under 
 Major General "W. T. Sherman, on the right, the 
 Thirteenth, under Major General John A. McCler- 
 nand, occupying the center, and the Seventeenth, 
 under Major General J. B. McPherson, on the left. 
 The line thus formed extended from the river 
 above the city, for a distance of fifteen miles, to 
 the. river below. ) This entire force was requisite 
 to hold the fortified lines against the besieged, 
 while our strength was insufficient for successful 
 assault. The disastrous repulse of Logan's Divi- 
 sion of the Thirteenth Corps, on the 22nd of May, 
 had resulted in the supersedure of General McCler- 
 nand by General Ord, and the prospect of success 
 in a general assault was not sufficiently flattering 
 to justify the attempt. 
 
 It was at this juncture that orders were issued 
 for the immediate movement of re-inforcements to 
 the scene of hostilities. The Ninth Corps was
 
 THE VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN. 77 
 
 ordered from Kentucky, and the First Division of 
 the Sixteenth Corps from Western Tennessee, the 
 Third Division having preceded us from Helena, 
 Arkansas. The First Brigade of the Division 
 rendezvoused at Collierville, on the 24th of May, 
 the Second at La Grange, and the Third at Mos- 
 cow, remaining at these points till the 7th of June, 
 at which time the troops marched to Memphis for 
 ernharkatiou. The entire Division embarked on 
 the 8th, and sailed on the morning of the 9th. 
 The Division consisted of three Brigades, com- 
 manded respectively as follows: First Brigade, 
 Colonel John Mason Loomis, of the Twenty-sixth 
 Illinois; Second Brigade, Colonel Walcott, of the 
 Forty-sixth Ohio ; Third Brigade, Colonel Cocker- 
 ell, of the Seventieth Ohio. 
 
 'The fleet consisted of fourteen steamers, and 
 presented a beautiful spectacle to the beholder, as 
 it moved down the river. The Regiment was 
 favored with a passage on the Belle Memphis, a 
 first class steamer, on which we made the voyage 
 very pleasantly.' Lieutenant Colonel Kempton 
 resigned his position, in consequence of impaired 
 health, and left us at Memphis. He died of dis- 
 ease, at Indianapolis, October 14th, 1863. He was 
 an efficient and noble appearing officer, and had 
 held command of the Regiment most of the time 
 we remained in Tennessee. Major Goodnow was
 
 78 VICKSBURa TO RALEIGH. 
 
 promoted to fill the vacancy occasioned by hia 
 resignation, June 9th, 1863. 
 
 The troops were in fine spirits, and a casual 
 observer would suppose they were on a pleasure 
 excursion, so full of life and animation was the 
 scene. Thoughts of unseen dangers did not avail 
 to disturb the quiet of the present. The mind was 
 occupied by the thoughts suggested by the ever- 
 varying panorama presented to the eye as we pur- 
 sued our course. /The mighty river on which De 
 Soto, Hennepin, and La Crosse had gazed with 
 glad surprise, and in whose turbid waters the first 
 of these was buried, had never been closed to the 
 growing commerce of the nation, till the hand of 
 rebellion threw a massive chain across its sluggish 
 current, and planted hostile batteries on the bluffs 
 that command the stream. The cities and towns 
 along its course, bustling with peaceful industry, 
 and the beautiful things of life moving gracefully 
 upon its broad bosom, bearing the rich productions 
 of the great Northwest to the Gulf, and crowded 
 with forms of intelligence and beauty, had become 
 scenes of busy preparation for bloody strife, or, 
 like the fleet that bore us on to our unseen destiny, 
 bearing legions of armed men and all the horrid 
 enginery of war to the field of conflict. One by 
 one those cities and towns had been rescued from 
 the hand of violence ; the chain that had been 
 forged by the hand of a generous Government,
 
 THE VICKSBURQ CAMPAIGN. 79 
 
 and seized by perjured traitors to bind the great 
 artery of our commercial life and stop its mighty 
 pulsations, had been removed by the same hand 
 that wrought it ; those batteries had been silenced 
 by the more fearful gun-boats the ruder dogs of 
 war and those floating palaces had been restored 
 to their legitimate pursuits or employed in efficient 
 service as transports and floating hospitals, under 
 the folds of the old flag. From the mouth of the 
 Ohio to Vicksburg, and from the Gulf to Port 
 Hudson, the pulsations of a new life were beating 
 with constantly increasing vigor, and before us 
 was the final accomplishment of the great work of 
 opening the Mississippi. The frowning heights of 
 the only remaining strongholds of the usurpers 
 were to be assailed and reduced, and two armies 
 were already closing, with fatal grasp, around the 
 beleagured citidels. On the broad bosom of the 
 Father of Waters we were being borne to the 
 scene of our triumph. Gladly did noble hearts 
 respond to the beautiful language of nature dressed 
 in all her beauty, as she welcomed us to the hon- 
 orable duty of bringing back to the paternal arms 
 of the Government the broad and luxuriant Valley 
 of the Mississippi, with all its garnered wealth of 
 beauty and fertility. The language of the heart 
 was but an echo to the voice of hope, whispering 
 of returning prosperity under the benign influence 
 of law, order, and common equality of rights.
 
 80 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 In all these Bcenes there was an air of peace and 
 harmony. In them was heard the voice of pater- 
 nal love, while in man alone, in whose heart should 
 be found a unison of fraternal feeling, we saw the 
 spirit of enmity. We were not so differently con- 
 stituted that we could not harmonize our interests. 
 A spirit of jealousy, nursed into life and power, 
 under a false conception of the duty of the Gov- 
 erment, had transformed our former brethren into 
 our most malignant foes. It was not through the 
 jarring of individual interests, but of great princi- 
 ples, that we had reached the relative position of 
 enemies. It was a contest of truth with error, 
 both in law and morals, in which the adherents of 
 right and wrong were but secondary in importance. 
 Nature, science, law, morals, and religion are all 
 arrayed on the side of truth, in whose defense we 
 were engaged. Hence the difference in the value 
 of motives by which men are impelled to action. 
 Sincerity in error is not the equal of integrity in 
 truth, and even the silent influence of nature 
 impresses the heart of him who is engaged in a 
 noble cause. Hence the dwellers in the lovely 
 valleys among the mountains, before whom nature 
 spreads a scene of mingled beauty and sublimity, 
 are regarded as the firm adherents and defenders 
 of truth. The mighty river, with its beautiful 
 scenery, is also adapted to inspire noble sentiments 
 and give new courage to those who maintain the
 
 THE YICKSBURQ CAMPAIGN. 81 
 
 right. The descent of the Mississippi was to us, 
 on this occasion, suggestive of valuable thoughts 
 in reference to the interests of our vast country, 
 which are recorded on the page of memorj if not 
 in the journal of daily events. 
 
 On reaching the mouth of the Yazoo, the fleet 
 moved up the sluggish and tortuous stream, amid 
 walls of luxuriant verdure, festooned with Spanish 
 moss, the view of which charmed the eye. After a . 
 brief delay at Chickasaw Bayou, the base of sup- 
 ply for our army, we moved on to our destination, 
 and disembarked at Snyder's Bluff, on the llth of 
 June. The Third Division of our Corps, under 
 Brigadier General Kimball, was already encamped 
 at that point, and we were ordered into camp on 
 their left, in the vicinity of the recently abandoned 
 rebel works. Snyder's Bluff" is a continuation of 
 -Haines' Bluff, and but a short distance below, on 
 the east bank of the Yazoo. It was near this 
 point that Gen. Sherman met with a severe repulse, 
 in December previous, at which time a strong 
 force of the enemy occupied the heights, which 
 were considered the key to Vicksburg. 
 
 Strong defenses were already in progress of con- 
 struction on our arrival, and a line of works was 
 soon completed, crowning the summit of a range 
 of hills a mile distant from the river. The arrival 
 of a portion of the Ninth Corps, on the 16th of
 
 82 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 June, was soon followed by that of the entire com- 
 mand, under Major General Parke. These troops 
 were posted at Mill Dale, four miles to our right, 
 and all was in readiness to welcome Johnston's 
 advance for the relief of Pemberton. On the 22d 
 he was reported to be advancing across the Big 
 Black, and the First Division was ordered to move 
 the next day, leaving our camps, with the sick 
 and convalescents, at the Bluff. Accordingly the 
 troops marched early on the 23d, advancing ten 
 miles, and camping at Oak Ridge, where we re- 
 mained, as a corps of observation, till the fall of 
 Vicksburg. But no enemy made his appearance 
 on the west side of the Big Black. We had se- 
 cured the object sought, by preventing Johnston 
 from making any effective demonstration upon our 
 rear and base of supply, for the relief of the 
 besieged garrison ; and the hopelessness of a suc- 
 cessful defense, with the complete exhaustion of 
 supplies, induced General Pemberton to capitulate 
 with General Grant for the surrender of his entire 
 command, on the 4th of July. The conference 
 between the two commanders took place under a 
 large oak, in the rear of Port Hill, east of the 
 city, and on the scene of the fearful charge of 
 May 22d. Our forces occupied the city the same 
 day, and the main body of the army marched to 
 meet Johnston.
 
 THE VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN. 83 
 
 The fall of Vicksburg was coincident with the 
 triumph of our arms at Gettysburg and Helena, 
 and with the abandonment of Tullahoma by 
 Bragg, pursued by Rosecrans. The fall of Port 
 Hudson completed the series of triumphs which 
 rendered the first week of July, 1863, forever 
 memorable in the history of the great contest. 
 All loyal hearts were encouraged to hope for the 
 early dawn of an honorable peace, while deep and 
 fervent gratitude to God inspired the hearts of 
 those who had faith in "a Divinity that shapes 
 our ends, rough-hew them as we will." 
 / X 0ur success at Vicksburg and that of Banks at 
 Port Hudson gave back to its rightful possessors 
 the great highway of the nation, never again to be 
 wrested from its control. In addition to the per- 
 manent severance of the Confederacy, the capture 
 of the entire garrison of the rebel stronghold was 
 an event unprecedented in the history of the age, 
 and at once elevated the hero of the occasion to 
 the highest military rank and honor which a grate- 
 ful country could confer upon him. *The force 
 under Pemberton consisted of eight Major Gener- 
 als, twenty-four Brigadiers, three thousand officers 
 of lower grades, and thirty-three thousand enlisted 
 men, all of whom, with General Pemberton him- 
 self, were immediately paroled. / There is good 
 reason to believe that large numbers of these men 
 were returned to the service without exchange, an
 
 84 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 act of bad faith in perfect keeping with the char- 
 acter of the rebel authorities. The capture of two 
 hundred and sixty pieces of artillery, and sixty 
 thousand stand of small arms, many of which 
 were entirely new, added to the significance of 
 the event, and entitles it to rank only second to 
 the great final achievement at Petersburg, under 
 the same distinguished commander. 
 
 Great complaint was immediately made, by the 
 rebel authorities and press, in consequence of the 
 neglect of General Pemberton to provide a suf- 
 ficient amount of supplies for a state of siege, 
 previous to Grant's movement to the rear of 
 Vicksburg. It was reported, upon rebel author- 
 ity, and was generally believed by the people of 
 the whole country, that the garrison was supplied 
 for a much longer period than the result indicated. 
 In consequence of the suspicion and blame cast 
 upon him by all classes in the South, Lieutenant 
 General Pembertou was returned to his former 
 rank, as Lieutenant Colonel of Artillery, in which 
 capacity he was serving at Salisbury, North Caro- 
 lina, at the close of the war. Thus was the mighty 
 man fallen, through the inevitable defeat of the 
 conspirators in their boasted citadel of the South- 
 west. 
 
 It was stated by prisoners that there were not 
 more than ten days rations of supplies in the Com- 
 missary's hands when Grant invested the city, and
 
 THE VICKSBURQ CAMPAIGN. 85 
 
 that the troops were at once reduced to quarter 
 rations. When the public supplies were exhausted 
 those held by the citizens were seized, and issued 
 to the troops. The ration, as issued during the 
 continuance of the supplies, consisted of three 
 ounces each of flour, meat, peas, and rice, with 
 meal occasionally, plenty of sugar, but no coffee. 
 Flour was sold by speculators at one dollar per 
 pound. When all public and private supplies had 
 failed, as a last resort the half-famished mulea 
 belonging to the army were killed, and the flesh 
 issued to the troops. Many refused to eat this food, 
 though pressed by hunger. In passing through 
 the city, a few days after the surrender, we saw 
 one of the prisoners carrying to camp a refuse 
 bone, which a hungry dog would scarcely have 
 deigned to notice. Our soldiers generously shared 
 their rations with their enemies, who confessed to 
 us that the act produced peculiar feelings, many 
 declaring that they would no longer fight against 
 such men and in a hopeless cause, while others 
 manifested a fixed purpose to sustain the failing 
 fortunes of the Confederacy. 
 
 The officers were boastful and confident of ulti- 
 mate success, having discovered that Yicksburg, 
 like all other places that had fallen into our pos- 
 session, was not of essential importance. The 
 credulity of some of this class was surprising. A 
 dashing young Lieutenant Colonel of an Arkansas
 
 86 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 regiment, and the son of a wealthy planter, de- 
 clared that he had seen it stated in our Northern 
 papers that the purpose of the Government was to 
 enslave the whites and give citizenship to the 
 negro in the South. When asked if the paroled 
 prisoners would be allowed to go home till ex- 
 changed, he replied that they would be placed in 
 paroled camps, but would soon be in the field 
 again, as the Government was still able to effect an 
 exchange, in consequence of their preponderance 
 of prisoners for exchange under the cartel. He 
 also very graciously informed us that the Southern 
 Confederacy had chiefly supplied its troops with 
 arms out of those captured from us. It was inti- 
 mated that not a few were stolen by Floyd before 
 the war commenced. After communicating this 
 valuable information the chivalrous descendant of 
 the slave aristocracy, turned contemptuously upon 
 his heel, saying as he did so, " My name is 
 Thrasher, and ' thrashing' is my occupation." A 
 bystander remarked, " The Thrasher is himself 
 badly thrashed." Though in the active mood, he 
 was in the past tense, and so was not a very 
 dangerous enemy. It was not surprising that the 
 ignorant masses of the South were deceived in 
 reference to the issues involved in the great con- 
 flict, when such men were occupying official posi- 
 tions in the rebel army.
 
 THE VICKSBURQ CAMPAIGN. 87 
 
 On being paroled the prisoners passed through 
 our lines, under the direction of their officers. As 
 they found opportunity, they would slip quietly 
 away, one by one, till the officers were left to 
 make their way home alone. A half-concealed 
 pleasure was perceptible in the countenances and 
 conversation of many of these misguided men at 
 being thrown into our hands, and thus allowed to 
 visit their homes, from which many had not heard 
 for months. 
 
 Vicksburg presented a scene of desolation rarely 
 witnessed. Business of all kinds had long been 
 suspended, except in connection with military 
 operations. Grass grew in the streets, which were 
 barricaded to resist attack from the river. The 
 buildings bore the marks of the bombardment by 
 our gun-boats and batteries, the walls being perfo- 
 rated by solid shot, or thrown down by shells 
 bursting inside. Numerous caves, or " gopher- 
 holes," as the soldiers termed them, had been ex- 
 cavated in the sides of the cliffs throughout the 
 city, to which the citizens retired during the 
 periods of active operations by the fleet and army. 
 The reign of terror during the siege must have 
 been appalling, especially during the night, when 
 the firing from the mortars was almost incessant, 
 shaking the earth and heavens, and lighting the 
 darkness with the glare of bursting shells.
 
 88 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 For forty-eight days the work of bombardment 
 and siege continued. Everywhere along the lines 
 of fortifications encircling the city the marks of a f 
 fearful storm of shot and shell were plainly seeu./ 
 The trees were stripped of their branches, and 
 their trunks shivered by shot, as though a thousand 
 bolts of lightning had spent their combined force 
 upon them. The tortuous line of the enemy's 
 works, with our own parallel lines, and the ap- 
 proaching line through which we reached and 
 mined Fort Hill, presented abundant evidences of 
 the vigorous defense made by the besieged, and of 
 our own industry, skill, and perseverance. So 
 vigilant was the eye of the sharp-shooter that it 
 was almost certain death to expose the head above 
 the entrenchments, and the appearance of a hand 
 drew fire from a dozen rifles. The ground within 
 the rebel lines of entrenchment was strewn with 
 exploded shells, solid shot, and bullets of various 
 kinds. The point of greatest interest was Fort 
 Hill, which was blown up by Logan's Division of 
 the Thirteenth Corps, on the 26th of May. More 
 than one hundred of the enemy were killed and 
 wounded on that occasion, and a breach was made 
 in the enemy's line which well nigh secured an 
 entrance for our troops. Among those thrown 
 from the fort into our lines was a negro, who es- 
 caped almost wholly unharmed. "When asked 
 how he felt in his perilous flight he replied that he
 
 THE VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN. 89 
 
 had little time to think, but as he was coming 
 down he met his master going up. Many bodies 
 were probably buried in the ruins. The assault at 
 this point by Logan's Division, on the 22d of May 
 was attended with severe loss. The charge and 
 repulse only occupied fifteen minutes, during 
 which time the Twenty-third Indiana lost nearly 
 two hundred men in killed and wounded, other 
 regiments suffering in about equal proportions to 
 the number engaged. No general engagement 
 took place during the siege, but it was believed to 
 be the intention of General Grant to assault and 
 carry the works of the enemy on the 4th, had 
 Pemberton refused to capitulate. 
 
 In the direct operations against Vicksburgthe re- 
 inforcements ordered from Kentucky and Tennes- 
 see had taken no part. But they had rendered suc- 
 cess sure by guarding the rear against the threat- 
 ened attack of Johnston, who might have succeeded 
 in seriously impeding, if not in suspending the pro- 
 gress of the siege. Another feature of the great event 
 is the presence of a considerable force of Eastern 
 troops in the Ninth Corps, which tended to concil- 
 iate the feelings of distrust and jealousy that had 
 been awakened in the Northwest and in the East in 
 consequence of the relative success of the Eastern 
 and "Western troops. To this may be added the 
 fact that while the army under Grant, consisting en- 
 tirely of "Western troops, had invested and reduced
 
 90 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 Vicksburg, the army under Banks, composed of 
 Eastern troops, exclusively, had invested, and soon 
 after occupied Port Hudson, the last rebel position 
 on the Mississippi. Henceforth neither section 
 could claim the peculiar honor of restoring circu- 
 lation to the great artery of commerce in the West, 
 each having accomplished a noble work, in which 
 there should be no rivalry between the descendants 
 of the same ancestry. The noon-day of the great 
 struggle had come, and the meridian light was 
 dispensed with equal glory over all the loyal States 
 of the Union.
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 THE JACKSON CAMPAIGN. 
 
 On the occupation of Vicksburg by the Seven- 
 teenth Corps, the remaining Corps of the army, viz : 
 the Ninth, Thirteenth, Fifteenth, and the First 
 Division of the Sixteenth, moved toward the Big 
 Black to engage Johnston, who at once retreated 
 to Jackson, closely pursued by our forces, under 
 command of Major General Sherman. The First 
 Division of the Sixteenth Corps was temporarily 
 attached to the Ninth Corps ? which moved on the 
 extreme left of the army, the Fifteenth Corps 
 occupying the centre, and the Thirteenth Corps 
 the extreme right. Some skirmishing occurred at 
 the crossing of the Big Black, in which our Divi- 
 sion suffered a slight loss, the wounded being sent 
 back to Snyder's Bluff. The pursuit continued 
 without any engagement till Johnston had retired 
 within his strong defenses around Jackson. These 
 had been constructed during the progress of the
 
 92 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 siege of Vicksburg, and were very formidable, far 
 more so than those of Yicksburg itself, with this 
 difference, that the natural position of the latter 
 place rendered it almost impregnable, while Jack- 
 son was without these advantages. Hence the 
 fortifications of the enemy had been made very 
 strong, and extended in a semi-circle of several 
 miles around the city on the west, from Pearl 
 River above to that stream below. General Sher- 
 man arrived in front of the place on the llth of 
 July, and made disposition of his troops for the 
 siege. 
 
 Our lines being formed, the batteries opened fire 
 upon the enemy on the 12th, eliciting a brisk reply. 
 Lively skirmishing continued along the lines, and 
 Brigadier General Lauman, commanding a Divi- 
 sion of the Thirteenth Corps, made a rash assault 
 on the right, meeting a severe repulse, and suffer- 
 ing a heavy loss. For this unauthorized act he 
 was immediately relieved, and subsequently placed 
 under arrest, by order of General Grant. The 
 fighting continued for four days, during the first 
 three of which the Regiment was under fire, 
 behind works most of the time, suffering a loss of 
 ten men, wounded, on the 14th. Most of these 
 were slightly wounded. The three following were 
 admitted to hospital, Davis Catlin, Company G, 
 Sergeant James A. McDowell and James Hays,
 
 THE JACKSON CAMPAIGN. 93 
 
 Company K. On the 15th the fighting was unu- 
 sually severe, our Division suffering heavily. The 
 Regiment was this day in reserve. Our loss did 
 not exceed a thousand in killed and wounded in the 
 operations before the city. 
 
 Johnston evacuated his position on the night of 
 the 15th, retreating toward Meridian. Had he 
 remained another day a severe battle would have 
 been fought, as a force was ready to cross the river 
 and cut off his retreat, while a strong demonstra- 
 tion was to be made upon his front. No effort at 
 pursuit was made. Our forces occupied the city on 
 the 16th of July, and held possession till the 23rd. 
 The place had suffered severely during the presence 
 of our army in May, and the ruthless hand of war 
 now added to the scene of desolation. The busi- 
 ness portion of the town and many of the suburb- 
 an residences had been destroyed by fire, while 
 others were despoiled of their magnificence. The 
 furniture which adorned the costly mansions was 
 scattered through our camps, where it was left on 
 our return to Vicksburg. Parlor carpets were 
 removed to give an air of comfort to the tents, and 
 the massive mirrors, that could not be removed, 
 were shivered into ten thousand fragments. All 
 this was unauthorized, but almost unavoidable in 
 a large army. Not only in the city, but through- 
 out the surrounding country, the scene of desola- 
 tion prevailed. The wealth of this lovely Capital
 
 94 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 and the fertile region in which it nestled, as a 
 bright gem, was made the sport of the flames, or 
 appropriated by the army. Forage, in great 
 abundance, was collected, and the soldiers feasted 
 on all the delicacies which the rebel citizens had 
 laid by for future ue. All kinds of preserved 
 fruits and dainty stores from the well-filled larder, 
 and products from the barn-yard and garden were 
 pouring into camp, from all directions. For a 
 distance of fifteen miles, on every side, the country 
 was scoured by persevering foragers, and all avail- 
 able supplies for the army were gathered in. This 
 was necessary to subsist the troops and to impov- 
 erish the enemy ; and was but the introduction of 
 a system which Sherman's army subsequently car- 
 ried into full operation in Alabama, Georgia, and 
 South Carolina. Had this system been sooner 
 introduced the end of our trials might have been 
 attained at an earlier day. The soldiers paused 
 not to inquire concerning right of property, when 
 long and dangerous service for the salvation of 
 their country secured to them the opportunity of 
 enjoying a full meal, such as they had never failed 
 to receive in the bountiful homes they had left, to 
 engage in the work of suppressing rebellion and 
 punishing treason. Wherever they succeeded in 
 the former, by driving the armed rebels into the 
 interior, and opening the garnered treasures of a 
 cultivated region to their control, they summarily
 
 THE JACKSON CAMPAIGN. 95 
 
 entered upon the work of penal infliction, and 
 punished rebellion in the most effectual manner, 
 by consuming the supplies which gave strength to 
 an armed foe. It would have been useless to rea- 
 son with these men on the injustice and cruelty of 
 such a course, for their quick discernment saw the 
 intimate connection between treason and its pun- 
 ishment. If they were the defenders of the nation's 
 life, they claimed the privilege of striking at the 
 stomach of the rebellion, when they could no 
 longer reach its heart. In cutting the communi- 
 cation between the producer and the armed traitor 
 they were rendering a no less efficient service than 
 when striking at the life of their foes. For this- 
 object they fought in the presence of the enemy, 
 and foraged and destroyed his property when they 
 could no longer reach him. It is true that the 
 practice of indiscriminate foraging was calculated 
 to inculcate habits of selfishness and thieving for 
 personal advantage, but the same objection may 
 be made against war in all its features. It fosters 
 a spirit of avarice in the people, and thousands 
 have accumulated wealth at home through the use 
 of means far less honorable, because wholly unnec- 
 essary to the safety of the nation, than that of 
 indiscriminate foraging. "We would much prefer 
 to forage from the enemy of our country, for our 
 own advantage, than to wring from the brave sol- 
 diers who return to their homes, or from their
 
 96 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 wives and children in their absence, the scanty 
 pittance they receive from the Government for 
 breasting the dark torrent of treason. And those 
 who have condemned, in loudest terms, the system 
 of foraging and destruction in an enemy's land, 
 are doubtless the very men that would rob the 
 wife and children of the soldier, who have sent the 
 husband and father forth to protect these worse 
 than traitors against similar destruction. The man 
 who can practice extortion upon his best friends 
 would make an efficient " bummer" on an enemy's 
 soil, and enjoy the profits with great quietness of 
 conscience, if, indeed, he should be possessed of 
 such a feature of humanity, which may reasonably 
 be doubted. " The man who can buy at discount 
 the orders of his county for relief of soldiers fami- 
 lies, and sell them at par, or draw the cash upon 
 them, would not scruple to fill his coffers with the 
 avails of indiscriminate foraging from a public 
 enemy. Yet this very class, who would rob their 
 country's defenders, after accumulating vast wealth 
 in consequence of the inflated prices occasioned by 
 the war, can now make a public subscription of 
 more than $60,000 for the perjured and baffled 
 traitor, General Lee. On consistency ! what a 
 jewel thou art ! The morality of those who de- 
 nounce war against treason is of a most remark- 
 able character. While throwing to the breeze the 
 emblem of sorrow over the grave of our martyred
 
 THE VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN. 97 
 
 Chief, they cast opprobium upon the punishment 
 of the foul crime of treason, and pay an exorbitant 
 premium for the exhibition of great skill and per- 
 severance in the prosecution of rebellion against 
 the authority of him whose death they profess to 
 lament. Reversing the motto of freedom, they 
 cry, " Not a cent for defense against our common 
 foe, but thousands for tribute to his admirable 
 genius." For the toil-worn or wounded soldier of 
 the Union they have no words of sympathy or free- 
 will offering, but for treason they have a crown of 
 gold and noble praise. 
 
 The First Division was transferred to the Fif- 
 teenth Corps, July 22nd, 1863, in which it became 
 the Fourth Division. This Corps consisted of the 
 following Divisions, viz : First, Brigadier General 
 Joseph P. Osterhaus; Second, Brigadier General 
 Morgan L. Smith ; Third, Brigadier General John 
 L. Smith; Fourth, Brigadier General William S. 
 Smith. The army commenced the return march, 
 July 19th, the Ninth Corps returning to Mill Dale, 
 the Thirteenth to Vicksburg, and the Fifteenth to 
 the Big Black, at Messenger's Ferry, where it was 
 stationed as a corps of observation for the months 
 of August and September. The season was far 
 advanced, and the heat at mid-day was intense, to 
 avoid which the troops moved at an early hour. 
 The Fifteenth Corps left Jackson July 23rd, evac- 
 uating the city to the enemy, who soon re-occupied
 
 98 VICKSBURd TO RALEIGH. 
 
 the place. The rebel cavalry had been hovering 
 near during our occupation of the city, and picked 
 up our foragers as they had opportunity, and on 
 our withdrawal from Jackson they continued close 
 upon our rear. Our first day's march of ten miles 
 was easily accomplished during the forenoon, and 
 a refreshing rest afforded in the evening. But the 
 toils of the following day will never be forgotten 
 by those who shared in them. In the midst of 
 clouds of dust which were impenetrable, and with- 
 out water, of which the country was almost desti- 
 tute at that season, through that long summer day 
 the army continued its march till near nightfall, 
 having traveled twenty-three miles. The regi- 
 ments came into camp and stacked arms with less 
 than one fourth of their number present, the rest 
 having given out on the way, some of whom were 
 almost helpless from fatigue and illness. The 
 ambulance train and empty wagons were crowded 
 to their utmost capacity, and thousands were still 
 left behind, who continued to pour into camp dur- 
 ing the evening. Some remained in the rear till 
 morning, while a number fell into the enemy's 
 hands. The enfeebled were brought up by ambu- 
 lances sent back for that purpose. What rendered 
 this day memorable to some is the fatigue to which 
 they were subjected in bearing the wounded, on 
 litters, nearly the whole of this distance. Those 
 suffering from amputated limbs, who could not be
 
 THE VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN. 99 
 
 conveyed in ambulances, were thus removed in 
 comparative comfort to themselves, btft it was an 
 arduous duty for the detail that bore them. The 
 scene at hospital each night, when the wounded 
 and sick were strewed over the ground in the 
 shady grove, after the long and laborious ride in 
 ambulances and wagons, was a striking one. The 
 number of patients continually increased, in con- 
 sequence of the miserable character of the water 
 we were obliged to use, and the fatigue of the 
 march. The prevalence of fevers and diarrhea 
 that followed was great, and many who went out 
 from the vicinity of Vicksburg in accustomed 
 health, returned to die of these diseases. On the 
 25th the troops marched to the Big Black, and 
 were ordered into camp, the Fourth Division being 
 assigned a position on a bluff' overlooking the 
 low-lands along the river, at Messenger's Ferry, 
 eighteen miles northwest of Vicksburg. The 
 camp and garrison equipage was ordered up from 
 Snyder's Bluff, and arrived on the 27th of July. 
 
 During the absence of the troops from camp the 
 sick and" convalescents had remained at Snyder's 
 Bluff, to which point all those unfit for duty were 
 sent back on advancing from Oak Ridge, with the 
 wounded from the skirmish on the Big Black. 
 The record of this part of the period spent in the 
 rear of Vicksburg is akin to that of the preceding 
 winter at Grand Junction. The place, and all its
 
 100 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 associations, will not fail to recall sad memories in 
 the miuds of the troops quartered there in June, 
 but more especially of those who were so unfortu- 
 nate as to be detained there by wounds or disease 
 during the month of July. No description can 
 depict the character, of this region of death, which 
 seemed to be infected with a poisonous influence 
 from the sluggish and turbid Yazoo. A miasmatic 
 atmosphere, exceeding all we had ever witnessed 
 before, not only tended to produce disease but to 
 depress the spirits. A more unfavorable place for 
 a hospital could scarcely be found than that select- 
 ed upon the bare hill-side near the river, where the 
 sick and wounded of our Division were collected. 
 Many of the number died, and of those who sur- 
 vived comparatively few were soon restored to 
 duty. It is painful to dwell on scenes of suffer- 
 ing and death. But a record of the soldier's life 
 and trials would be imperfect without a picture of 
 the hospital and the grave, to which many of our 
 comrades have been borne, noble sacrifices upon 
 the altar of their country. The recollection of 
 such scenes will never be effaced from the memory 
 of one whe has seen and deplored the inevitable 
 fate to which so many have been brought. 
 
 The courage which sustains the soldier on the 
 field of strife is all needed to preserve a cheerful 
 flow of spirits in the confinement of weary months 
 of pain, and a man who is brave in the face of
 
 THE V1CKSBURQ CAMPAIGN. 101 
 
 danger may be distinguished by his power of endur- 
 ance in suffering. To lose courage in the sick ward 
 is to lessen the promise of recovery, and nothing is 
 more depressing to the patient than home-sickness, 
 while cheerfulness and fortitude have proved the 
 salvation of many a poor sufferer. No human re- 
 solution can conquer disease, unaided, but a con- 
 tented mind is always favorable to the exercise of 
 the healing art. The influence of kindness and 
 love cannot be overestimated, and those who have 
 well fulfilled the mission of faithful attendants 
 upon the sick and wounded in our hospitals havo 
 won for themselves the gratitude of hearts strength- 
 ened to resist and overcome all the infirmities of a 
 sick-bed. 
 
 The following list comprises the names of all 
 who died during the interval between our arrival 
 at this point and our return to the Big Black : 
 
 June 19th Alfred H. Ballard, Company E. 
 July llth Tevis H. Brown, Company L 
 Suly 12th Isaac Hendershott, Company F. 
 July 15th Simon Lloyd, Company I. 
 July 16th John W. Bunnell, Company D. 
 July 18th Reuben Marshall, Company E. 
 
 The first of these men died during the second 
 week of our stay at this place, and was buried 
 amid the roar of a fearful cannonading at Yicks- 
 burg, rendering the scene deeply impressive to us, 
 who had so frequently laid our dead to rest in the
 
 102 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 quiet of our camps in Tennessee. John "W\ Bun- 
 nell was accidentally killed at Jackson, by falling 
 from a hay-loft, where he was sleeping on the night 
 of the evacuation. The remaining four died 
 during the absence of the Regiment at Jackson. 
 They were with difficulty buried. In the absence 
 of able-bodied men to dig the graves, a few con- 
 valescents and negroes were obtained, and the 
 sacred dust laid to rest. Tevis H. Brown was a 
 good man and feared not to die, though far from 
 his dear family, in an enemy's land. The memory 
 of his dying injunctions to his pious wife and 
 daughters will ever be cherished by them as a 
 precious legacy.
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 REST AT CAMP SHERMAN. 
 
 The army had nobly accomplished its mission, 
 in freeing the Mississippi from Confederate rule. 
 The troops with which Grant left Grand Gulf, on 
 the 1st of May, had continued in the presence of 
 the enemy for nearly three months, and required 
 rest, which was secured to them in the various 
 camps around Vicksburg. These were pleasantly 
 located in the shade of the forest growth, and ren- 
 dered as comfortable and healthy as the season 
 would admit. Our camp on the Big Black, at 
 Messenger's Ferry, was named in honor of him 
 whose brilliant military genius was just begin- 
 ning to be appreciated by the people, and whose 
 popularity was rapidly increasing in the army, 
 Major General W. T. Sherman. It was then con- 
 sidered an honor to belong to the Fifteenth Corps, 
 but it is doubly so now, when the conflict is at an 
 end, and the history of that noble band of heroes, 
 with whose fame the names of Sherman and Logan
 
 104 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 are for ever linked, is written in characters of 
 blood and fire. This Corps had come into exist- 
 ense on the Tallahatchie, in December 1862, and 
 was placed under command of General Sherman. 
 In the events of the great campaigns now closed 
 the Corps bore a conspicuous part, and now formed, 
 with its sister Corps, the Thirteenth and Seven- 
 teenth, a bright galaxy of noble spirits. To say 
 that the commander of the Corps had the respect 
 and confidence of the troops is but to speak half 
 the truth. They had learned to admire and love 
 him, and from the " Crazy Sherman " of the days 
 of Cameron rule in the War Department, he had 
 come to be the special confidant of the great 
 leader of our noble armies, Major General Ulysses 
 S. Grant. Henceforth we were to share in all the 
 triumphs of this eminent commander ; and fre- 
 quent occasion for reference to him will occur in 
 the future Chapters of this volume. 
 
 In the campaigns now terminated so gloriously, 
 many brave men had fallen, and their memory was 
 enshrined in the hearts of a grateful people. Or- 
 ders were issued granting furloughs to five per 
 cent of the enlisted men, during the period of 
 allotted rest. It was a proud privilege to a veteran 
 from the field of conflict, so recently the centre of 
 attraction to the entire nation, to return to the fa- 
 miliar scenes of home, and feel the beating of 
 the public heart toward the nation's defenders. It
 
 REST AT CAMP SHERMAN. 105 
 
 was a dearly bought and fairly won honor, thus to 
 return. In many a home circle gratitude filled, to 
 overflowing, hearts that had long been borne down 
 with anxiety for absent ones and for the success 
 of the cause they served. Now they welcome 
 home the husband, son, or brother, bearing the 
 wreath of the conquerer on his brow. He comes 
 to tell them of the honors and privileges which he 
 has received, as the reward of all his toils, priva- 
 tions, and dangers. It would be in vain to at- 
 tempt a picture of those scenes which gladdened 
 thousands of hearts and homes, during the brief 
 period of rest preparatory to unknown labors. To 
 those who shared them the memory is yet distinct 
 and impressive. It may be joyful or sad, in the 
 retrospect, for it may be that now the dear one is 
 returned, to enter the field of strife no more. If 
 so, how pleasing the memory ef that foretaste of 
 the complete happiness now enjoyed. But it may 
 have been the last visit on earth with the dear 
 friend, who returned to die upon a distant battle 
 field. If so, how mingled the emotions of plea- 
 sure and sorrow awakened by the reflections upon 
 that last meeting. The coming of the brave man 
 was full of hope, for it spoke of a future coming, 
 to return no more. But the parting, like all those 
 scenes of separation which linger in the memories 
 of unnumbered thousands, was attended with 
 
 trembling fears, which have, alas, been fully re- 
 alized.
 
 106 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 If it is difficult to describe the pent up feelings 
 of anxious hearts, whose dearest ones are exposed 
 to peril, it is no less a task to portray the peculiar 
 mingling of thoughts and emotions which crowd 
 into the soul of an earnest and true man, who 
 loves his wife and children with all the affection 
 of a noble manhood, as he returns to greet them 
 once more, to spend in their society a few brief 
 days, and then turn his steps toward the field of 
 strife, where duty and patriotism call him. Look 
 at him ; behold his self-control, as he looks in the 
 faces of dear ones, perhaps for the last time. Hear 
 him, as he speaks calmly and cheerfully to those 
 who hang weeping upon his arm. Question him, 
 as he waves the last adieu, and without an indica- 
 tion of sorrow, puts them all aside, and ask him 
 if he loves his family. He will look reprovingly 
 upon you. Ask him again, why he betrays no 
 signs of weakness at the parting scene. Listen to 
 his reply, ye dwellers at home, who never knew 
 the full power of affection, because never drawn 
 from the side of those most loved, to the scene of 
 danger. " It is my love for them that makes me 
 strong to resist the least tendency to weakness. 
 My sympathy for them in their . loneliness would 
 lead me to weep with them, if weeping would 
 strengthen them. But it would not only unman 
 me, but add to the intensity of their sorrow. I 
 purposely conceal my deep regrets at parting, that
 
 REST AT CAMP SHERMAN. 107 
 
 I may spare them. This I have learned to do 
 through the influence to which I am subject in the 
 army, the power to control myself under the most 
 difficult circumstances. It is not more trying to 
 my courage to fight a battle than to part with dear 
 ones, but I have acquired the ability to do both 
 with calmness. Yes, God knows I love my friends, 
 for whose sake I also love my country, and seek to 
 preserve, for coming generations, the birthright I 
 have inherited from my ancestors, that I may hand 
 it down unimpaired to my descendants." How 
 noble is such a spirit of patriotism, and how fully 
 has it been exemplified by multitudes of the most 
 devoted husbands and fathers, sons and brothers 
 that the land could boast. Would to God that the 
 man who shrunk from the duty to which his coun- 
 try called him, upon the plea that he could not 
 break the ties that bound him to his home, could 
 read the deep thoughts of the brave soldier as he 
 commits his family to the keeping of a gracious 
 Providence, and rushes into the din of battle. It 
 would shame the beholder, and teach him that, 
 compared with such devotion, his boasted love of 
 home is but selfishness. 
 
 " My husband thinks too much of his family to 
 go to war," was the remark of one who prided 
 herself on the enjoyments of a home far above 
 those our brave soldiers had voluntarily surrendered 
 that they might beat back the tide of desolation
 
 108 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 which a relentless foe would surely bring to 
 their own threshold, did they refuse to heed the 
 voice of duty. Strictly interpreted, this language 
 implies an appreciation of home that would not 
 defend it against danger till resistance would be of 
 no avail. True courage ventures forth to meet the 
 enemy on his own soil, compelling the assailant to 
 suffer all the ravages of war ; and true devotion to 
 home and its interests stimulates to activity the 
 courage requisite for the accomplishment of the 
 desired object. 
 
 'In accordance with the sentiment quoted in the 
 preceding paragraph is that contemptuous spirit 
 exhibited by some who professed to be loyal sup- 
 porters of the Government. In the social circle, 
 and in the exercise of the common civilities of life, 
 the expression, " It is only a soldier's wife," has 
 shut out a worthy woman from the sympathy and 
 kindliness of feeling which none else could so 
 justly and reasonably claim. And yet the absent 
 husband, engaged in deadly strife with armed 
 traitors, for the vindication of his country's honor, 
 may be the superior in moral and intellectual 
 worth of those who thus take the uppermost seat 
 in the assembly of the people. The time of his 
 return to civil life has now come, and he will sure- 
 ly dispossess those who esteemed him and his 
 friends so lightly, and they will begin, with shame, 
 to take the lower seat.
 
 REST AT CAMP SHERMAN. 109 
 
 It was curious to observe the variable scale of 
 appreciation in which these quasi Unionists held 
 the soldiers at different periods in the progress of 
 the struggle. The presence of the man of noble 
 deeds, and the occasion of his triumph were pos- 
 sessed of a singular power to impress these vacil- 
 lating creatures with a sense of the respectability 
 of a military life, while the absence of the person 
 and the success of the soldier reduced the angle of 
 vision, and gave diminutive form and dignity to 
 his character and to the glory of his services. On 
 the occasion of which we speak the visual angle 
 was greatly enlarged, and none applauded more 
 noisily the character and fume of the triumphant 
 heroes, returned to their homes from Vicksburg, 
 than the class of men referred to. Those who had 
 vilified our brave men most, bowed lowest to do 
 them reverence, vainly hoping to impress the gen- 
 erous hearts of the veterans with a sense of their 
 ardent admiration for their distinguished services. 
 This tendency became still more apparent, as the 
 great conflict drew to a close, when all classes 
 joined in bestowing upon the victors the chaplet 
 of, immortality. 
 
 In vain were all these efforts to deceive the 
 watchful scrutiny of men long accustomed to vigil- 
 ance in the face of the enemy. The least appear- 
 ance of the true character, above the hastily con- 
 structed defenses erected for protection, drew the
 
 110 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 aim of an unerring judgment, with the same 
 facility that the rifle was brought to bear upon the 
 exposed body of an armed foe above the entrench- 
 ments, and a prompt decision was passed upon his 
 character. 
 
 But to the loyal masses, whose hearts never 
 failed to beat responsive to the demands of interest 
 and duty, the temporary presence of the represen- 
 tatives from the army in Mississippi was a source 
 ef unmingled delight. The surprise they experi- 
 enced equaled their pleasure, as they observed the 
 evident improvement of these men in their general 
 bearing, few of them being exceptions to this rule. 
 That men exposed to all the evil influences of 
 camp life, should be able to appear so well in 
 refined society as to elicit the remark from those 
 who had previously known them, that they were 
 more refined and cultivated in their manners than 
 when they entered the army, was a source of sur- 
 prise to all classes. Yet it has proved .generally 
 true, that long absence from home and friends has 
 tended to develop a manliness of character in many 
 of those who were wholly inexperienced in the 
 civilities of social life. It is not claimed for all, 
 or for any large proportion of the army, that the 
 service has had a tendency to influence the moral 
 character and conduct of young men, aside from 
 home influences and the comparatively limited 
 moral and religious influence to which they have
 
 REST AT CAMP SHERMAN. Ill 
 
 been subjected iii the army. Neither is it claimed 
 that the improvement of manners above mentioned 
 is the direct result of military life, but rather the 
 product of combined influences, emanating from 
 home and enforced by the peculiar circumstances 
 in which men find themselves placed, when separ- 
 ated from all the refinements of social life. Past 
 lessons and privileges unite with present privations 
 to induce a spirit of thoughtful ness, deepened by 
 scenes of danger, which results in a conviction of 
 the real value of those privileges and lessons. In 
 the temporary possession of them, or during a 
 brief period spent in the social circle, the conscious- 
 ness of their worth gives a dignity of bearing 
 which attracts the attention of the observer. This 
 may be perceived in the crowded street-car, on the 
 entrance of a lady, when the " boy in blue " is first 
 to rise and yield his place to one who represents 
 his ideal of social excellence. The service has in 
 this particular greatly benefited thousands of 
 young men. 
 
 Yet it must be admitted that the forms of polite- 
 ness may exist in connection with vicious habits. 
 This apparent dignity of character is not limited 
 to the citizen, but is shared by the soldier as well. 
 Many are the victims of vice and folly, and exert 
 a pernicious influence over others. But we here 
 view them in their representative character. The 
 generous treatment accorded to the soldier is to
 
 112 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 him an expressive token of the appreciation set 
 upon his services by those whom he represents. 
 According to his faithfulness he has been and will 
 ever be rewarded by the respect and gratitude of 
 those enjoying the benefits of his services. His 
 personal character is to be considered entirely 
 distinct from the capacity which he has acquired 
 and exercised for his country's welfare. 
 
 The return of the brave men to the scene of 
 their late triumphs was followed by many happy 
 hours of reminiscence for themselves and those 
 who had rejoiced in their presence. Subsequent 
 events proved that the great work of subduing 
 rebellion was not yet completed, and that an 
 important part was to be assigned to them in the 
 final drama of events. To some of them the 
 visions of home were never again realized. In 
 some of the numerous spots made sacred by the 
 sleeping dust of our slain heroes, they were after- 
 ward laid to rest, or from some hospital, where 
 they struggled long with disease, they were borne 
 to their humble but honored graves. 
 
 But five per cent of the enlisted men was a very 
 small part of the vast army resting around Vicks- 
 burg. On the return of those who left us early in 
 August, others were allowed to go in their places, 
 and thus nearly ten per cent of the army received 
 furloughs. Large numbers of officers also received 
 leaves of absence, and returned to their respective
 
 REST AT AMP SHERMAN. 113 
 
 States. The flood of travel on the Mississippi, and 
 from Cairo northward, was surprising, and it 
 seemed that our whole army was in motion. . Yet 
 nine-tenths of the soldiers remained in camp during 
 the entire period spent on the Big Black. The 
 record of events occurring in the repose of summer 
 quarters is monotonous, affording very few items 
 of general interest, and the ordinary incidents of 
 camp life would not repay the recital. 
 
 During the continuance of our stay at Camp 
 Sherman, a long and interesting series of religious 
 meetings was held by the various Chaplains, which 
 was attended with valuable results. For fifty- 
 three days, from the 6th of August to the 28th of 
 September, these meetings continued withoiit a 
 single interruption. The attendance was good, 
 and the most perfect order prevailed at all times ; 
 for in the army the respect paid to religious ser- 
 vices, by those accustomed to attend, cannot be 
 excelled by the regular congregations in civil life. 
 The influence of these meetings continued to be 
 felt in all the subsequent experience of Christian 
 men in the various regiments composing our 
 Division. In other camps a similar course was 
 pursued, with satisfactory results. 
 
 It was during this period that we received our 
 first supplies of religious reading matter from the 
 Christian Commission Room at Vicksburg. This 
 noble monument of Christian patriotism had
 
 114 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 been reared in the midst of the scenes of strife and 
 carnage which the tyranny of sin had occasioned. 
 Though receiving very few of the advantages of 
 the organization, in consequence of the remoteness 
 of our sphere of operations during the war, we 
 saw sufficient evidence of its efficiency to indicate 
 its inestimable value. In the spontaneous exercise 
 of a lofty benevolence through the agency of those 
 twin institutions, the Sanitary and Christian Com- 
 missions, the country has afforded a remarkable 
 illustration of the genius and inspiration of civil 
 and religious freedom. The people not only 
 responded to the call for men to fight our battles, 
 but added the contribution of millions for the relief 
 of the suffering soldiers in the field, providing both 
 for the body and soul of the sufferer, not in charity, 
 but as a noble privilege and sacred duty. This 
 record of philanthropy softens the stern features of 
 war and shows the practical value of Christianity, 
 the source of true benevolence. 
 
 - The following promotions were made during this 
 period. 
 
 Captain Elbert D. Baldwin, Co. B, to Major, 
 vice Goodnow, promoted, September 12th, 1863. , 
 
 1st Lieutenant Frank H. Aveline, Co. B, to 
 Captain, vice Baldwin, promoted, September 13th, 
 1863. 
 
 2nd Lieuteant William H. Harrison, Co. B, to 
 1st Lieutenant, vice Aveline, promoted, Septem- 
 ber 13th, 1863.
 
 REST AT CAMP SHERMAN. 115 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Alfred L. Stoney, Co. B, to 
 2nd Lieutenant, vice Harrison, promoted, Septem- 
 ber 13th, 1863. 
 
 The sad results of the campaign against Jackson 
 and the hot season immediately following remain 
 to be noticed. The prevalence of disease during 
 the month of September was especially fatal, and 
 large numbers died. The mournful music denot- 
 ing a burial or the firing of the accustomed volleys 
 over the grave indicated the rapid and extended 
 work of death through all the camps. The follow- 
 ing list embraces the names of all who died during 
 this period : 
 
 August 13th John B. Boone, Company G. 
 August IGth John Ballinger, Company C. 
 August 24th Edward Gerard, Company F. 
 August 25th William Doty, Company G. 
 August 25th Albert Foster, Company B. 
 August 28th Samuel R. Bunnell, Company D. 
 August 30th Caleb W. Downs, Company C. 
 September 1st Henry C. Burnett, Company K. 
 September 3rd John Mishler, Company L 
 September 5th James E. McNabb, Company E. 
 September 5th Henry H. Coshow, Company D. 
 September 6th Robert Stafford, Company E. 
 September 7th John Church, Company F. 
 September 8th William Wright, Company G. 
 September 10th Wesley Iba, Company B. 
 September llth James Bowen, Company F. 
 September llth David Brown, Company I. 
 September 15th Mahlon D. Mercer, Company I. 
 September 16th John Bowmaster, Company F. 
 September 21t John S. Gardner, Company G.
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. -- . 
 
 During the period of rest afforded the army 
 around Vicksburg important events were occur- 
 ring in East Tennessee. The enemy had retired 
 from Chattanooga, which place was occupied by 
 Rosecrans, who moved forward, with his columns 
 beyond supporting distance, in pursuit of the re- 
 treating foe. Bragg, having received re-inforce- 
 ments, perceived his advantage, and attacked with 
 vigor, on the 19th of September. The battle, thus 
 begun to our disadvantage, was continued on the 
 arrival of the distant columns, during the 20th and 
 21st, resulting in a disastrous defeat, and the re- 
 treat of the shattered army to Chattanooga, where 
 it was reduced to a state of siege by the confident 
 enemy. 
 
 In the meantime the Military Division of the 
 Mississippi had been created, and Major General 
 Grant assigned to command. This was followed 
 by the assignment of Major General Sherman as
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 117 
 
 his successor in command of the Department and 
 Army of the Tennessee. Major General George II. 
 Thomas superseded General Rosecrans in com- 
 mand of the Department and Army of the Cum- 
 berland, and Major General Joseph Hooker was 
 ordered from the Potomac to East Tennessee, with 
 the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps. The Fifteenth 
 Corps was also designated for service in Tennessee, 
 and Major General F. P. Blair assigned to com- 
 mand. The Corps was placed en route from Vicks- 
 burg to Memphis in September, the Fourth Divi- 
 sion breaking camp at Messenger's Ferry on the 
 28th day of that month. 
 
 The passage to Memphis occupied eight days, in 
 consequence of delay by low water and a defici- 
 ency of transportation for the Division, a portion 
 of which was compelled to await the arrival of 
 boats at Memphis, which detained the advance of 
 the fleet for several days. In addition to this the 
 supplies of fuel for the fleet had to be collected at 
 Griffith's Landing, on the east bank of the Mis- 
 sissippi, by unloading the army wagons from the 
 boats to be employed in conveying the wood from 
 the forest. While at this place, October 3d, the 
 news of the defeat of Rosecrans, at Chickamauga, 
 was received by the troops. The fleet consisted 
 of fourteen steamers, the same number with that 
 which bore us down the river four months previous.
 
 118 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 But the long and frequent delays rendered the pas- 
 sage far less pleasant. Besides, we were ignorant 
 of our destination, and innumerable conjectures 
 were made respecting our future career. The- re- 
 cent disaster indicated the possibility of our being 
 ordered directly to the scene of hostilities in Ten- 
 nessee. But on reaching Memphis it became evi- 
 dent that we were destined to march into the in- 
 terior. The troops disembarked on the 9th of 
 September, after an absence of precisely four 
 months, and went into camp for a single day, near 
 the city, marching on the morning of the llth. 
 
 It was reserved for the Fourth Division to march 
 to Corinth, while the rest of the Corps were trans- 
 ported by railroad. This gave us the opportunity 
 of viewing once more the scenes of our trial and 
 suffering during the preceding winter. On the 
 first day's march, dnd while moving leisurely near 
 White's Station, our ears were saluted by the re- 
 port of artillery in the distance, and the column 
 was at once pushed forward to Germantown, where 
 we learned that the small garrison at Collierville 
 had been attacked by a considerable force of the 
 enemy. The march was resumed, and continued 
 till the close of day, in order to secure the place 
 against renewed assault. A portion of the force 
 was pushed rapidly forward to aid in the defense till 
 the main body could reach the place. "We passed 
 our former camp at Fort Loomis, now deserted
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 119 
 
 and still, and arrived at Collierville to learn that the 
 gallant little garrison, consisting of the Sixty-sixth 
 Indiana, aided by a detachment of the Thirteenth 
 Regulars just arrived with Generals Sherman, 
 Ewing, and Lightburn on the train from Mem- 
 phis, had repelled the assault of the combined 
 forces of Chalmers and Richardson, numbering sev- 
 eral thousand men. Our loss was about twenty 
 killed and forty wounded, with nearly a hundred 
 prisoners. A small detachment of the Seventh 
 Illinois Cavalry was also camped near the place, 
 when the enemy came suddenly upon them and 
 captured Chaplain S. G. Miner, while conducting 
 the Sabbath morning service, with a number of the 
 audience. The chivalrous enemy also seized, and 
 were about to hold as a prisoner, Mrs. Mary Gra- 
 ham, wife of Maj. Graham, of the Seventh Illinois 
 Cavalry, but she was finally paroled, through the 
 
 
 
 entreaties of a citizen with whose family she was 
 temporarily living. Chaplain Miner was taken to 
 camp, and brought before General Forrest in due 
 time, who promptly demanded his watch, at which 
 the owner demurred, but without avail. The 
 watch became the property of the wretch who af- 
 terward outraged all the laws of civilized warfare 
 at Fort Pillow. The loss of the enemy on this 
 occasion was never known, but information subse- 
 quently derived from citizens along the line of our 
 pursuit, indicated that it must have been severe, a
 
 120 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 kirge number of wagons having passed loaded with 
 the dead and wounded. A number of the dead 
 were left upon the field, among whom the troops, 
 formerly stationed at this place, recognized the 
 familiar countenances of two citizens living a few 
 miles distant. 
 
 The presence of General Sherman inspired the 
 little garrison with an unyielding determination to 
 repel the assailants, the General being in the fort 
 encouraging the men with his usual coolness. The 
 brave men of the Thirteenth Regulars loved their 
 former commander, and fought with desperation, 
 while the Sixty-sixth Indiana gained great honor 
 by their bravery. Had our arrival been timely for 
 effective pursuit the enemy might have been 
 severely punished ; but he made good use of the 
 time occupied by us in marching to relieve the 
 garrison, to effect his escape. It was a singular 
 coincidence that the troops who had constructed 
 the defenses at this place, six months previous, 
 should have so narrowly missed the opportunity of 
 resisting the first attack of the enemy, after an 
 absence of four months. All regretted having 
 been denied a share in the triumph so nobly won. 
 
 Brigadier General Hugh Ewing had been assign- 
 ed to command the Fourth Division, relieving 
 General Smith at Memphis. Brigadier General J. 
 M. Corse, of the Second Brigade, was in com- 
 mand of the Division during the march to Corinth,
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 121 
 
 under whose direction we resumed our course the 
 following day, and camped at Mt. Pleasant, Miss., 
 twelve miles south of Collierville. This place had 
 afforded refuge to guerrillas ; and some of the in- 
 habitants were believed to have been connected 
 with the recent movement of the enemy, and all 
 the unoccupied buildings, with some of the sus- 
 pected citizens' dwellings, were burned on the 
 following morning. The troops marched to La 
 Grange, on the 13th, a distance of thirty-three 
 miles, reaching camp tired and hungry, and not a 
 little out of humor on account of the rapid and 
 almost constant marching. Usually frequent oppor- 
 tunities were given the men to rest, but on this 
 occasion the command moved forward with but 
 three or four halts during the entire day. At such 
 times the patience of the men would give way, 
 and loud imprecations were heaped upon the heads 
 of innocent and guilty alike; for anger is unreason- 
 able, and makes no distinction between friend and 
 foe. During the confusion and darkness of the 
 hour following our arrival at camp we were so un- 
 fortunate as to step upon one of the weary boys, 
 who had wrapped his blanket around him and gone 
 to bed supperless, when an awful volume of oaths 
 burst upon our devoted head, and we retired before 
 the storm of passion we had unintentionally 
 aroused. 
 F
 
 122 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 At such a time the power of endurance is most 
 thoroughly tested, and he who continues calm 
 amidst the almost universal prevalence of com- 
 plaint may he regarded as invulnerable. When, 
 to all the necessary toils and privations of the sol- 
 dier's lot, is added a seeming disregard for the 
 comfort of the troops, on the part of those charged 
 with peculiar responsibilities, the deep feelings of 
 the soul are stirred under a sense of personal in- 
 justice, and the utmost self-control is essential to 
 restrain one within due bounds. Whether well or 
 ill-founded, these impressions produce feelings of 
 resentment, which constitute a grumbler for the 
 time being, and, habitually fostered, render him an 
 inveterate specimen of that genus homo, than 
 which a more unpleasant or unenviable charac- 
 ter can scarcely be found. A large camp of such 
 men, busily occupied, for the first hour after arrival, 
 in comparing the range of temperature upon the 
 scale of the thermometer of patience, is a scene 
 worthy of the attentive study of the moralist as 
 well as the artist. Such a scene was presented at 
 LaGrange, in the camps of the Fourth Division on 
 this occasion. But a refreshing rest, with the early 
 morning meal, greatly repaired the shock pro- 
 duced upon the sensitive nature by supposed cru- 
 elty, and the troops cheerfully moved forward on 
 their course.
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 123 
 
 We were among familiar scenes, and thoughts 
 of sadder days and sorer trials were awakened as 
 we moved through Grand Junction, and passed 
 beside the graves in which the dust of so many of 
 our comrades reposed. Since we turned aside 
 from this burial place of forty of our number, 
 more than fifty had followed them to their last 
 home. Nine months previous we buried our first 
 martyr at this place, and now we could count 
 r.early a hundred missing ones from the ranks 
 where they then stood. We were again on our 
 uncertain course, the end of which no one could 
 predict. Wherever we had moved, our course 
 could be traced by the graves of our fallen com- 
 panions, and such waymarks would continue to in- 
 dicate our pathway during the future periods of 
 our service. 
 
 A march of twelve miles brought us to our camp 
 on Turkey Creek, followed by a like distance on 
 the next day. Again, on the 16th, we were detained 
 till a late hour in reaching camp on Muddy Creek, 
 having crossed the Hatchie battle-field, where 
 General Hackleman fell the preceding year. The 
 troops reached Corinth on the 17th, and went into 
 camp east of the place. During the night oc- 
 curred another of those memorable storms, under 
 unfavorable circumstances, when all were thorough- 
 ly drenched for want of sufficient protection, our 
 tents having been forwarded by railroad from
 
 124 VICKSBURG TO EALEIGH. 
 
 Memphis and not yet arrived. This event, with 
 the general appearance of desolation that prevailed 
 in the entire region of the place, rendered Corinth 
 the synonym of discomfort, in our vocabulary. In 
 the midst of an uncultivated region, and bearing 
 the traces of rebel operations during our siege of 
 the place in 1862, it presented very few attractive 
 features. Our stay was brief at this place. The 
 march was resumed the next day, General Ewing 
 assuming command of the Division. On the. 19th 
 we reached Burnsville, Mississippi, a Station on the 
 Memphis and Charleston Railroad between Corinth 
 and luka, and eight miles from the latter place. 
 
 This road had been opened from Grand Junction 
 to Corinth during the summer, on the abandon- 
 ment of the route from Columbus to Corinth. The 
 road was now opened farther east, and luka was 
 again held by our forces, and made a temporary 
 base of operations, preparatory to the great march 
 before us. The entire Corps was in camp near 
 this place, and on the road thence to Corinth, 
 receiving the necessary equipments for the march 
 to Chattanooga, which now became our evident 
 destination. Camp and garrison equipage, cloth- 
 ing, and Commissary stores were issued to the 
 troops, and payment made for the months of July 
 and August. At last all was ready for cutting 
 loose from our communications, and on the 26th 
 of October the Division moved to luka, and thenc
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 125 
 
 to Eastport, on the Tennessee, the following day. 
 Here the troops were ferried across the river by 
 gunboats, and camped on the north side, in the 
 State of Alabama. The remaining Divisions of 
 the Corps effected a crossing a few miles above 
 Eastport. 
 
 The region of the Tennessee is one of great fer- 
 tility, but at that time not more than one fiftieth part 
 of the improved lands was under cultivation. The 
 sweeping rebel conscription of the able-bodied 
 white men, with the no less sweeping demand of 
 both armies for horses, mules, and cattle, forced 
 the abandonment of the lands, except so far as the 
 actual necessities of the people prompted them to 
 cultivate enough to supply their own wants. On 
 our advance from Florence we found the lands 
 more generally cultivated, and supplies were 
 abundant along our route of march. 
 
 At Gravelly Springs a mounted rebel fired upon 
 Captain Bloomfield, A. A. General of the Brigade, 
 and pursuit was made, but he escaped. He was 
 believed to be a citizen, and the place was only 
 saved from destruction by great vigilance. The 
 First Division had a brisk skirmish on the same 
 day, near Tuscumbia, before crossing the river. 
 On the 1st of November, the entire Corps was col- 
 lected at Florence, at which time General Sherman 
 arrived, and the troops were at once ordered for- 
 ward. The necessity for rapid movement was
 
 126 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 occasioned by the existing condition of affairs at 
 Chattanooga, where our forces were in a state of 
 siege, and in need of prompt relief. 
 
 It was General Sherman's purpose to cross Elk 
 River, and move direct to Stevenson, via Hunts- 
 ville. But on reaching that stream, near Ilogers- 
 ville, it was found at a high stage, in consequence 
 of recent rains, and could not be forded, while the 
 construction of a bridge would occupy much valu- 
 ble time, and it was at once decided to move up 
 the north bank of the river to Fayettville, and 
 thence to Winchester, thus reaching Stevenson 
 through Crow Creek Valley. Accordingly the 
 column was headed to the rear, and returned to 
 Rogersville, thence moving in a north-eastern 
 course. 
 
 This deviation from the intended line of march 
 led us through a cultivated region never traversed 
 by an army, and forage was abundant, of which 
 the soldiers, who had not forgotten the luxuries of 
 Jackson, availed themselves with great freedom. 
 The people were astonished at the coolness with 
 which their well-filled larders were emptied of their 
 precious contents. But entreaties and tears were 
 of no avail. With a single inquiry " Where is the 
 man who belongs here ? " and the reply, " He is 
 in the army," they were well satisfied of their right 
 to consume the supplies of armed foes. They often 
 presumed that the husband, son, or brother was
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 127 
 
 absent as an armed rebel, without making any 
 preliminary inquiry. If any men were seen on 
 the premises they were usually aged, infirm, or 
 beardless boys, and only lacked the strength to 
 make them rebel soldiers. It did not materially 
 affect the case that these were Tennesseeans, know- 
 ing well how often they had met the former citi-f 
 zens of that State on the battle-field. And a very 
 good reason, in addition to all this, was, that these 
 people were living much better than the army, 
 notwithstanding their enmity, and this ought not 
 to be permitted. And it is worthy of remark that 
 for a time few fared better than the soldiers. 
 
 The Corps reached Fayettville November 8th, 
 where the troops were allowed one day of rest, 
 resuming the march the next day, and camping at 
 night in the " Barrens," an extensive region of 
 country unfit for cultivation, and wholly unin- 
 habited. On the next morning we emerged from 
 the wilderness inta one of the loveliest valleys in 
 all the broad land. The view of the Cumberland 
 Mountains in the distance, and the contrast between 
 their long blue lines of beauty and the rich fields, 
 clothed in emerald and smiling under the bright 
 light of a November sun, was pleasing to the eye. 
 In all our previous landscape views none equaled 
 this, and none afterward surpassed it. That the 
 dwellers in such a region could have conspired 
 a-punst the national life evinced a want of harmony
 
 128 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 between the lessons of nature and tjie perverted 
 minds of men. That a soil so productive, an air 
 so pure, and a scene so' lovely should be marred by 
 oppression and treason filled us with deep sadness. 
 
 Passing through this rich valley to Winchester, 
 we reached communications with the external 
 world on the llth of November. After receiving 
 fresh supplies, the troops commenced the ascent of 
 the mountain at Cowan's Station, toiling up the 
 deep ascent, while the trains struggled to gain the 
 summit. The view of the beautiful valley, through 
 which we had passed, charmed the eye, while the 
 rugged sides of the mountain, which appeared so 
 regular in the far off vision of yesterday, now gave 
 forcible illustration of the truth that " distance 
 lends enchantment to the view." It is thus with 
 the toils and privations of the soldier. Though 
 apparently too severe for endurance, when viewed 
 in all their native roughness, if seen in the great 
 range of human difficulties, which form the moun- 
 tains of life's vision, up whose sides ambition may 
 climb to look down upon the plain below, they 
 wear an air of beauty mingled with sublimity. 
 
 Soon we lost sight of the lovely valley, and pur- 
 sued our mazy course among the sublime scenery 
 j)f the mountain-top. Through the forest that 
 crowned its summit, into deep gorges, and along 
 the sides of yawning chasms, on a narrow and 
 rough inclined plane, prepared by the hand of
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 129 
 
 man, we moved forward, impressed with ever- 
 varying emotions of pleasure and surprise at the 
 scenes before us, till at nightfall the column paused 
 in a deep gorge, beside a rapid mountain stream, 
 to pass the night. The train stood still in the nar- 
 row track in which it had moved, while the weary 
 mules were fed, and the troops sought such nooks 
 in the mountain side as were available, building 
 their fires and preparing their coffee, which, 
 always invigorating to the weary soldier, never 
 was more inspiring than at the close of that day in 
 the mountains. In wandering over the narrow 
 space occupied by the Regiment, Lieutenant Hub- 
 bard, of Company F. slipped suddenly into an 
 unobserved opening in the surface, catching him- 
 self by the arms, as his body was descending ver- 
 tically into the bowels of the mountain, when a 
 friend assisted him out of his perilous position. 
 Had he fallen it is doubtful if he would have 
 escaped alive. 
 
 In this deep gorge, at the solemn hour of mid- 
 night, a burial scene transpired which produced 
 the most vivid impressions of the true solemnity of 
 death that our mind ever received. A member of 
 the One Hundredth Indiana died at a late hour, and 
 it became necessary to bury him before morning. 
 It was therefore effected at once. A place was 
 selected near our tent, and the grave was dug to 
 the depth of a foot, reaching the solid rock. The
 
 130 VICKSBURG TO RALEWH. 
 
 body was placed in the shallow vault, and covered 
 with poles to afford protection, the earth being 
 thrown over them, effectually covering the dead 
 from human sight. The hour, the place, the event, 
 and its attendant circumstances conspired to render 
 the incident deeply impressive. 
 
 Morning found us in busy preparation for the 
 descent of the mountain which was effected during 
 the forenoon. Descending the Crow Creek Valley, 
 a narrow defile between two spurs of the moun- 
 tain, we reached Anderson Station, where we 
 camped. David Scott, of Company K, died in 
 ambulance on the way down the valley, and Anios 
 Bucy of Company II, and Hiram Wood, of Com- 
 pany E, died the following morning, all being 
 buried at that place. 
 
 The Corps arrived at Stevenson on the 14th of 
 November and reached Bridgeport on the 15th, 
 where was our base of supply for the army at 
 Chattanooga. The enemy occupied the railroad 
 between our besieged army and this place, cutting 
 off all communication upon the south side of the 
 Tennessee. The only route for reaching Chatta- 
 nooga was by the m6untain wagon road on the 
 north side, a distance of sixty miles, over which it 
 was almost impossible to convey sufficient supplies 
 to subsist the army on short rations. The bridges 
 at Bridgeport and Whiteside had been destroyed 
 When the enemy retired across the Tennessee, and 
 much time was necessary for their reconstruction.
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 131 
 
 The line of communication with Nashville had 
 also been temporarily severed, but was again 
 restored, and supplies were accumulating rapidly 
 at Bridgeport on our arrival. The prospect, which 
 had been gloomy for our cause in Tennessee had 
 begun to brighten, under the direction of Grant, 
 who had assumed command of all the forces con- 
 centrated in the vicinity of Chattanooga. 
 
 On the 17th of November the Fourth Division 
 crossed the Tennessee, at Bridgeport, moving to 
 Shell Mound and thence up Nickajack Cove, a deep 
 gorge in Sand Mountain, pausing awhile at the 
 Nickajack Cave, an immense cavern in the moun- 
 tain side, near Shell Mound, into whose yawning 
 mouth we penetrated as far as allowed to go. A 
 guard was stationed within the entrance to prevent 
 the soldiers from imperiling their lives. It was 
 reported that some of those who had visited the 
 interior had never returned, the cave extending for 
 many miles into the heart of the mountain. A 
 large and rapid stream of pure water flowed from 
 the mouth, up whose tortuous course visitors 
 might safely pursue their way for some distance. 
 The entrance to the cavern was through a vast 
 amphitheatre whose walls were irregular, and the 
 floor of which was the rocky bed of the stream, 
 with a ledge of rocks projecting from the south 
 wall half way across the diameter. The ceiling 
 consisted of one vast rock, spanning the apartment
 
 132 VICKSBURO TO RALEIGH. 
 
 and resting firmly upon the opposite walls. This 
 space had been obstructed by large leaches for 
 draining the nitre from the earth, removed from 
 the interior for the manufacture of saltpetre by the 
 rebels, considerable quantities of which had been 
 produced. The grandeur of the scene presented, 
 when on a subsequent occasion we penetrated the 
 darkness beyond, and looked out, through the 
 cavernous mouth, upon the blue sky and fleeting 
 clouds, was awfully impressive, leading the mind 
 to reflection upon the mighty power of the Great 
 Architect. 
 
 Near this place an Indian village once stood, 
 bearing the name of the cave. A foolish story has 
 gained credence and the sanction of Appleton in 
 his " Traveler's Guide," to the effect that the name 
 of this cave is derived from the fact that a band 
 of negro robbers, led by one Jack, occupied the 
 place as a secret retreat. Hence the cave was 
 called " Nigger Jack's Cave," which in process of 
 time became "Nickajack." But the oldest inhab- 
 itants know nothing of such an origin for the 
 name. The bones of the buried Indian race are 
 still found near the site of the ancient village. 
 
 Shell Mound, a Station on the Nashville and 
 Chattanooga Railroad, derives its name from the 
 fact that in the excavation for the track a large 
 mound was found to consist almost entirely of 
 shells. These were probably deposited by the
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 133 
 
 Indians ages ago, and subsequently covered with 
 an alluvial deposit in the overflow of the banks of 
 the Tennessee, which flows near the mound. 
 
 We pursued our march up the narrow defile in 
 the mountains, a rudely constructed railroad 
 extending from Shell Mound to the " Castle Rock 
 Coal Mines," at the head of the Cove, near the 
 summit of the mountain. The trains toiled up the 
 steep acclivity, which became very abrupt and 
 devious on Hearing the coal mine. Night came 
 on, rendering the ascent perilous as well as diffi- 
 cult. The road wound along the south side of the 
 ravine, upon a narrow track excavated in the moun- 
 tain-side, while above and below was a frowning 
 height and yawning depth. In attempting to 
 reach the summit, in the darkness of the night, 
 the wagons were often upon the verge of the pre- 
 cipice below, and two were finally precipitated 
 down the steep, lodging against the trees in their 
 descent. It was found to be impossible to accom- 
 plish the object till morning, and the train paused 
 in its plac.e, while the troops again passed the night 
 in the heart of the mountain. It was fearful to 
 contemplate the dangers through which the train 
 had passed, as we moved forward the following 
 morning. Fortunately none of the drivers were 
 hurt, and but one wagon lost. Never had an army 
 passed through this deep gorge since Jackson led 
 his troops up the same steeps during the Indian
 
 134 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 war. The mountain-top was at length attained, 
 and a brief rest afforded the troops. Near this 
 point the three States of Tennessee, Alabama and 
 Georgia unite their boundaries. During the day 
 we were in all three of these States, on our way 
 across the mountain. The summit is a rolling 
 section of country, with a scattered growth of 
 timber, and light sandy soil. The inhabitants 
 were of the poorer class, who had no interest in 
 the success of rebellion. Nevertheless they had 
 been forced to aid in the effort to destroy the 
 nation's life and crush out their own liberties, by 
 establishing a gigantic despotism in the place of a 
 liberal and free government. 
 
 In the afternoon of the 18th of November we 
 reached the opposite side of the mountain, and 
 camped on the summit, overlooking the beautiful 
 Lookout Valley and the little town of Trenton, 
 Bade County, Georgia, while the vast wall of 
 Lookout Mountain bounded the vision on the 
 southeast The evening was calm and beautiful, 
 and the sunlight gilded the scene before us with a 
 glow of almost unearthly loveliness. The eye 
 never tired of gazing upon the landscape spread 
 out before us, as we sat upon a projecting rock and 
 drank in its beauties. Then the wish for the divine 
 art of painting was awakened in many minds, that 
 the scene might be faithfully transferred to canvas. 
 But, alas ! how vain the thought. The visions of
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 135 
 
 beauty and sublimity afforded us from these moun- 
 tain summits must forever linger in memory, with- 
 out one touch of the pencil to preserve their form. 
 In the absence of the painter's skill we seized the 
 pen, and drew an outline of the scene, with a few 
 of the thoughts it suggested in the mind of the 
 observer. The latter are reproduced in the follow- 
 ing paragraph. 
 
 All the enginery of war falls into insignificance 
 in the presence of these works of defense thrown 
 up by the Almighty; and our combined armies 
 seem like crowds of ants upon their several hillocks. 
 "Why does man contend, amid such sublime scenery, 
 for the subversion of liberty, whose principles are 
 as enduring as the these mountain ranges ? We 
 see the appropriateness of the figures employed by 
 the sacred writers, drawn from the mountain 
 scenery of their own Canaan. "We can understand, 
 too, why Christ went up into the mountain to pray 
 and to teach; for who could fail to feel the force of 
 His teachings, amid the sublime works of God, 
 whom He represented in His nature, life, and char- 
 acter! "Where could the Son of God so hold 
 audience with the FatlTer as in the mountains of 
 Judea? Infidelity must stand mute in the pres- 
 ence of a person like Christ, tempted, praying, 
 teaching, dying on the mountains, and from them 
 ascending into heaven.
 
 136 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 The town of Trenton was occupied by a small 
 force of the enemy, a portion of which was sur- 
 prised and captured by our advance. The Second 
 Brigade moved up the valley to Johnson's Bend, 
 on a reconnoisance ; the Third Brigade occupied 
 Trenton, while the First Brigade held a position 
 on the mountain, overlooking the valley, and was 
 distributed at different points along the summit, 
 with orders to build extensive camp fires, and thus 
 deceive the enemy in regard to our force. The 
 display made on the evening of the 18th indicated 
 the presence of several Divisions and aroused the 
 attention of the enemy, which was the sole object 
 of the diversion. In this we were successful, com- 
 pletely puzzling the enemy as to the strength, 
 object, and subsequent movements of the forces so 
 suddenly appearing in the valley and threatening 
 the rear of the force occupying Lookout Mountain. 
 
 On the 19th the First Brigade moved along the 
 crest of the mountain, and descended into the 
 valley above Trenton, remaining in camp till the 
 Second Brigade returned, on the 21st, when the 
 entire Division moved down the valley toward 
 Chattanooga. While halting at Trenton the Court 
 House was accidentally destroyed by fire. The 
 day was in striking contrast with that spent upon 
 the mountain, being cold and rainy, dispelling the 
 enchantment of our beautiful vision by the stern
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 137 
 
 realities of deep mud and thoroughly drenched 
 clothing, followed by an uncomfortable night. 
 
 Major General Hooker, with the Eleventh and 
 Twelfth Corps, had driven the enemy from the 
 valley and occupied the ground, the enemy return- 
 ing to the mountain-side, where he held a strong 
 position. On the 22nd we continued our march, 
 through and in rear of Hooker's lines, and crossed 
 the Tennessee under cover of night at Brown's 
 Ferry, moving up the valley four miles and camp- 
 ing at a late hour. We were at last at the scene 
 of coming conflict, and immediate preparations 
 were made for re-crossing the Tennessee and mov- 
 ing upon the enemy's flank on Missionary Ridge. 
 The next day was spent in anxious expectation of 
 movement, while fighting was in progress in front 
 of Chattanooga. 
 
 The morning of November 24th found us in 
 motion. Under coyer of the night a force had 
 been thrown across the Tennessee, below the 
 mouth of the Chickamauga, and the pickets of 
 the enemy were surprised and captured before 
 any alarm could be given. Everything progressed 
 favorably, and a pontoon bridge was soon thrown 
 across the river. Meanwhile, troops were contin- 
 "ually crossing on the steamer Dunbar, which the 
 enemy had failed to destroy on the evacuation of 
 Chattanooga. By noon the Second, Third, and 
 Fourth Divisions were thrown across, under the
 
 138 YICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 personal direction of General Sherman, In con- 
 sequence of the breaking of the pontoon at 
 Brown's Ferry, by floating trees thrown into the 
 river by the enemy, the First Division was unable 
 to effect a crossing, and Davis' Division of the 
 Fourteenth Corps, holding a position on the north 
 side of the Tennessee, was ordered across and 
 placed in reserve on Crutchfield's plantation, while 
 General Osterhaus reported to General Hooker. 
 The movement of the previous day had resulted in 
 our favor, and the enemy was driven from Orchard 
 Knob, a strong position between our defenses and 
 the enemy's main line on Missionary Ridge, giving 
 our forces possession of the valley up to Citico 
 Creek. The successful accomplishment of our 
 object at Crutchfield's had extended our control of 
 the south bank of the Tennessee to the mouth of 
 the Chickamauga. 
 
 Our army consisted of the following Corps: 
 Major General Hooker with the Twelfth Corps, 
 under Major General Slocum; the Eleventh Corps, 
 under Major General Howard; and the First Divi- 
 sion, Fifteenth Corps on the right, in front of the 
 enemy on Lookout Mountain : Major General 
 Thomas with the Fourth Corps, under Major 
 General Granger; and the Fourteenth Corps, 
 excepting Davis' Division, under Major General 
 Palmer in the centre : and Major General Sher- 
 man with three Divisions of the Fifteenth Corps,
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 139 
 
 under Major General Blair; and Davis' Division of 
 the Fourteenth Corps on the left. 
 
 The operations of the November 4th were 
 mainly upon the right, where General Hooker 
 forced the enemy from his entrenched position, 
 and compelled the evacuation of Lookout Moun- 
 tain. The contest continued till midnight, the 
 roar of artillery reverberating through the valley, 
 ia the stillness of the night, and the flash of the 
 guns being distinctly visible at a distance of five 
 miles. No advance was made by the centre, dur- 
 ing the day. General Sherman formed his lines, 
 and moved forward by the right flank, meeting no 
 opposition, and occupied a prominent position, 
 overlooking the enemy's works at Tunnel Hill, 
 where he entrenched during the night. The dis- 
 position of the forces was as follows : The Second 
 Division on the extreme left, the Third Division in 
 the centre, and the Fourth Division on the right. 
 A Brigade of the Eleventh Corps also reported to 
 General Sherman for duty, and was placed in 
 reserve behind our right, while Davis remained at 
 Crutchfield's plantation. The Second and Third 
 Divisions, with the Third Brigade of the Fourth 
 Division, held an entrenched position on the sum- 
 mit of the hill. The Second Brigade of our Divi- 
 sion was also entrenched, at right angles with the 
 front line, while the First Brigade lay in reserve 
 during the night.
 
 140 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 From the summit of the hill occupied by our 
 troops a clear view of the field of operations was 
 afforded. The sun rose in glory after a dismal, 
 cloudy day, and a cold, cheerless night, shedding 
 his enlivening influence over the scene of the 
 approaching conflict. The valley of the Tennessee, 
 t with the beautiful stream running like a silver 
 thread through it, Warden's Ridge, and Raccoon 
 Mountain in the distance, and Lookout Mountain, 
 with Chattanooga at its base, were all clothed in 
 beauty, while man was preparing the enginery of 
 destruction for the fierce contest which was to 
 decide the fate of that great central point in mili- 
 tary operations in East Tennessee. 
 
 "What Austerlitz was to Napoleon Chattanooga 
 was to Grant. More than a hundred thousand 
 men were awaiting the final struggle of military 
 power for the possession of Misionary Ridge, each 
 party apparently confident of triumph. The hour 
 for action had come, and Sherman led off in an 
 attack upon the enemy's right, all being quiet in 
 the centre. At 8 A. M. the line of battle was 
 formed, and at 10 o'clock all was ready for the 
 signal to charge upon the works of the enemy, 
 who had already opened upon our extended lines 
 from the batteries that crowned the summit of the 
 Ridge. The rebel line was in position, in front of 
 our right, ready to dispute our advance. The 
 order was given to charge, and our lines advanced
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 141 
 
 upon a run, forcing the enemy up the steep hill- 
 side. The battle raged in all its fury, the shriek- 
 ing of shells, the whizzing of bulletts, and the 
 reverberations of artillery combining to awe the 
 beholder. The First Brigade formed the right of 
 the line, the Regiment being on the extreme right. 
 In beautiful and unbroken line the command 
 pressed forward through open fields, throwing 
 down and leaping fences, and crossing ditches, 
 till it approached the railroad, when it was ordered 
 to lie down under cover of a gentle acclivity, 
 while the battle continued to rage furiously on our 
 left. 
 
 But little time was given for careful observation. 
 The wounded began to fall to the rear, bringing 
 the report of the killed. One and another of the 
 soldiers who had become objects of affectionate 
 regard, were brought from the field, or came hob- 
 ling on one limb. One of these, mortally wounded, 
 calmly committed himself and the friends he loved 
 to the care of God, at the same time clasping a 
 friend in his arms. Another lost his right eye, and 
 in the midst of intense pain said, " I thank God, 
 if I die, that I perish in a noble cause." 
 
 For five hours the Brigade occupied their exposed 
 position, during which time many noble men per- 
 ished. The only fire the troops could give was 
 delivered while lying upon the ground. The battle 
 continued to rage upon our left, where successive
 
 142 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 assaults were repulsed. Another attempt was 
 made to gain the summit. Our forces pressed the 
 enemy closely, when re-inforcements arrived to aid 
 the foe. With guns almost meeting those of the 
 enemy our brave men still held their ground, while 
 death cut them down every moment. The enemy 
 succeeded in flanking the right of our line, when 
 the heroic band was compelled to give way. The 
 hill- side was the object of interest to every beholder. 
 The enemy continued to pour a murderous fire 
 upon the retreating lines, accompanied by yells of 
 triumph, which rung through the valley below. 
 The entire line was withdrawn within the entrench- 
 ments, having suffered a severe loss. But our 
 demonstrations upon the enemy's flank had secured 
 his defeat, by weakening his centre. Bragg had 
 moved a heavy force to his right, to resist further 
 assaults, when Grant perceived the advantage, and 
 ordered Thomas to advance. The enemy's works 
 were speedily carried, and the victory was ours. 
 Bragg retreated toward Dalton during the night, 
 and Chattanooga was relieved from a state of siege. 
 The loss in the Fourth Division was severe. In 
 the First Brigade nearly five hundred were killed 
 and wounded. Among the killed was Colonel 
 O'Meara, of the Ninetieth Illinois, a brave and 
 noble oificer. The loss of the Regiment was less 
 severe than that of the other regiments of the 
 Brigade, in consequence of the ground it occupied
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 143 
 
 being more protected against the fire of the enemy. 
 The following is a complete list of casualties in the 
 Regiment : 
 
 Field and Staif Wounded: Adjutant J. D. 
 Bond, Quartermaster James A. McClellan. 
 
 Co. A Wounded: Orderly Sergeant- J. M. 
 Tobias, E. F. Dennis, David Okes, I. S. Wagner. 
 
 Co. B Killed: Captain Frank H. Aveline, 
 Casper Miller, Henry Ridenbaugh. Wounded : 
 Sergeant James Strouse, E. J. Amspaugh, George 
 Buser, George Gray, George Inks, Samuel Hague, 
 Jacob Kincade, P. P. Miner, Orrin Rima, P. J. 
 Weismautel. 
 
 % 
 
 Co. C Wounded: Captain Hezekiah Beeson, 
 Corporal William E. Mowbray, James M. Evans, 
 William H. Kelly, William Lowry, William Metz- 
 ger. 
 
 Co. D Killed: William Skevington, Jacob 
 Vanscoy. Wounded: Captain George Bowman, 
 Sergeant William Irelan, Corporal James H. Ed- 
 wards, James Rider, H. E. Scott, James W. Sines. 
 
 Co. E Killed: Sergeant Joshua Woodward. 
 Wounded: Sergeant H. A. L. Green, Corporal 
 Samuel L. Johns, Corporal J. E. Kirk, Thomas F. 
 Carter, Elisha Dearing. 
 
 Co. F Wounded: Corporal Joseph Coar, I. 
 M. Keith, J. C. Mitchell.
 
 144 VTCKSBURa TO RALEIGH. 
 
 Co. G Killed : Corporal E. B. Copper, George 
 W. Kelly. Wounded : Captain James Huston, Ord- 
 erly Sergeant Ralph Copper, Sergeant Jacob 
 Hiday, Daniel Hoover, William Scott. 
 
 Co. II Wounded: 1st Lieutenant J. E. Hart, 
 Joseph D. Camp, Nathaniel Cohee, Elijah Asbury. 
 
 Co. I Killed : Henry Blauser, Hemy Smith. 
 Wounded : Monroe Kreiter, William Snyder, Jo- 
 seph Wedrick. 
 
 Co. K Wounded : Sergeant L. T. Barbour, 
 John Linton, Patrick McTigue, Joseph Pompey. 
 
 The following day was spent, by a detail from 
 the Brigade, in burying the dead upon the battle- 
 field, an arduous task and full of sadness. Thirty- 
 five were buried where they fell, occupying the 
 entire day and till 9 o'clock P. M. The scene 
 presented on that day was one long to be remem- 
 bered. Upon the hill-side, where the repeated 
 charges had been repulsed, the dead thickly strew- 
 ed the ground. Of the wounded at Division Hos- 
 pital about forty died, and it was our sad duty to 
 commit them to rest. The following members of 
 the Regiment died of the wounds received : 
 
 February 15th 1864 Captain Hezekiah Beeson, Company C. 
 December 20th 1863 William H. Kelly, Company C. 
 December 30th 1863 Elisha Dearing, Company E. 
 
 Of the lamented dead none was more missed 
 from the society of those comrades in arms who
 
 THE CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 145 
 
 survived thau Captain Frank H. Aveline. lie was 
 an efficient officer, and greatly beloved by his 
 Company. His most intimate friends evinced deep 
 sorrow over his -sad fate. One of these spoke of 
 the sadness that marked the last interview on the 
 morning of the battle, when Captain Aveline 
 seemed to be impressed with a presentiment of his 
 fate. The news of his death affected his friend to 
 tears, the first he had shed for many long years. 
 The father came, soon after receiving news of his 
 death, and conveyed the remains to Fort Wayne, 
 where the afflicted family received them, and laid 
 the precious dust to rest. His Company contrib- 
 uted $400 to purchase a monument, which was 
 executed from a design by his friend, Major Bald- 
 win, a broken column, draped with the flag for 
 which the martyr died. 
 
 Sergeant Joshua "Woodward, of Company E, 
 was a young man of noble character, and died 
 lamented by all his comrades. His afflicted family 
 were inconsolable over his death. His calmness 
 on the battle-field after receiving the injuries of 
 which he soon died, evinced a willingness to meet 
 his fate with true Christian resignation. William 
 Skevington and George Kelly were two interesting 
 and noble boys, who fell in the charge. 
 
 Casper Miller had served five years in the Ger- 
 man States, five in the Regular Army of the United 
 States, two in Mexico, and nearly three in the late
 
 146 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 war, when he was suddenly killed by a shell, and 
 struck a second time immediately afterwards. 
 Corporal E. B. Copper and Henry Ridenbaugh had 
 their heads torn off by shells, and were not dis- 
 tinguishable except by a small remnant of hair at 
 the back of the head, and by their clothing. Henry 
 Smith, of Company I, was greatly lamented by his 
 comrades, who loved him for his genial spirit and 
 musical talent, with which he cheered many weary 
 hours while in camp. 
 
 Captain Beeson, of Company C, was struck, on 
 the right foot, by a cannon ball, which fearfully 
 mangled the limb, but with unconquerable resolu- 
 tion he resisted all appeals in favor of amputation, 
 and, after suffering nearly three months, was in a 
 fair way of recovery, when erysipelas set in and 
 carried him to the grave. His loss was lamented 
 by all who knew him, but most deeply by his 
 Company, who loved him for his kindness and 
 watchful interest in the welfare of his men. 
 
 " None knew him but to love him ; 
 None named him but to praise."
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 RELIEF OF KNOXVILLE. 
 
 On the retreat of Bragg, a vigorous pursuit was 
 ordered, and the array moved at an early hour on 
 the 26th of November. Hooker encountered the 
 enemy in a strong position, at Ringgold, and a, 
 severe engagement ensued, in which a considerable 
 loss was sustained by our forces, but the enemy 
 was finally driven from his chosen ground, and 
 continued his retreat toward Dalton. Sherman 
 met no resistance, though pressing the enemy's 
 rear in close pursuit beyond Graysville. 
 
 Affairs wore an unfavorable aspect at Knoxville, 
 where Burnside, with an inadequate force, was 
 reduced to a state of siege by Longstreet, who 
 had been detached from the main army before 
 Chattanooga in October, and ordered to operate 
 in that region of East Tennessee. Knoxville had 
 been occupied by Burnside, in conjunction with the 
 occupation of Chattanooga by Rosecraus, in con- 
 sequence of the withdrawal of the enemy from the
 
 148 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 place. The successful issue of the battle of Chick- 
 aniauga emboldened Bragg to attempt the re-occu- 
 pation of East Tennessee. Longstreet was therefore 
 ordered to move against Burnside, with a superior 
 force, while Bragg hoped to compel the evacua- 
 tion of Chattanooga with the force under his com- 
 mand. This must have been the result, but for the 
 speedy re-info rcement of the army and the untir- 
 ing energy of Grant. The defeat of Bragg at 
 Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge left a 
 portion of the army free to aid Burnside, and 
 General Sherman received instructions to proceed 
 directly to the relief of Knoxville. 
 
 At the time these instructions were received, our 
 forces were employed in destroying the railroad 
 leading from Dalton to Cleveland. General Sher- 
 man immediately assumed command of the troops 
 ordered upon the new campaign, embracing the 
 following organizations, viz : the Fourth Corps, 
 under Major General Granger ; the Eleventh Corps, 
 under Major General Howard; the Fourteenth 
 Corps, under Major General Palmer; and the 
 Second and Fourth Divisions of the Fifteenth 
 Corps, under Major General Blair. The cheerful- 
 ness of the troops, in prospect of a severe cam- 
 paign at that late season, was inspired by the hope 
 of forever freeing East Tennessee from Confeder- 
 ate control. The several commands moved toward 
 Cleveland, at which place the Fourth Division
 
 RELIEF OF KNOXVILLE. 149 
 
 arrived on the 29th of November, having been 
 engaged in the work of destruction along the rail- 
 road the preceding day. 
 
 On the 30th the army took up the line of march, 
 via Charleston, Athens, Philadelphia, Morganton, 
 and Marysville, reaching the latter place on the 
 5th of December, having marched eighty-five 
 miles in four days, with one day's delay in crossing 
 the Little Tennesee. 
 
 This march was accomplished in the most inclem- 
 ent season of the year, without rations, the troops 
 subsisting entirely on forage, and with scanty 
 clothing, supplies of which could not be obtained 
 at Chattanooga, had time been allowed to issue. 
 In all the history of the war no march presented a 
 stronger exhibition of endurance than that to which 
 reference is here made. 
 
 The region of country through which the army 
 passed was fertile, and produced abundant harvests. 
 These had been subject to seizure for supplying 
 the rebel army on its way to Knoxville, and the 
 remainder was appropriated by our forces. What 
 rendered this the more severe was the fact that the 
 people of East Tennessee were loyal to the Govern- 
 ment, and had already suffered great indignities 
 and persecution at the instigation of the rebel 
 authorities. No people ever exhibited a more 
 unyielding devotion to principle than the inhabit- 
 ants of this region, under Confederate rule. Their
 
 150 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 knowledge of the situation at Knoxville and the 
 object for which we were marching through their 
 fertile valleys, together with their apprehension of 
 the fact that we could not transport supplies for 
 our army on a forced march, and more than all, 
 the sight of the dear old flag, whose protection 
 they had awaited with painful anxiety, led them 'to 
 consecrate all they had to our use, and they cheer- 
 fully and joyfully opened their stores for all who 
 sought supplies. The long-hidden flags were 
 brought forth and waved in token of welcome and 
 hope of the redemption which they saw drawing 
 near. The strong-hold of loyalty in East Tennes- 
 see, so long guarded by the bayonets of traitors, 
 had been restored to the authority of the Union, 
 and now the hosts of treason were encamped about 
 the beautiful city to re-subjugate it. To avert its 
 fall we were come, and thousands hailed us as 
 deliverers, in behalf of all the loyal people of that 
 region. 
 
 Longstreet was pressing the siege with great 
 vigor, and, learning of our movement from Chat- 
 tanooga for the relief of the garrison, made a 
 desperate assault upon the place, the result of 
 which was disastrous in the extreme. The gallant 
 defenders hurled back the assailants in confusion, 
 after almost superhuman efforts to gain possession 
 of the works. Finding it impossible to reduce 
 the place by assault, and aware of the rapid march
 
 RELIEF OF KNOXVILLK. 151 
 
 of Sherman for its relief, Longstreet raised the 
 siege, on the 5tli of December, and retreated toward 
 Strawberry Plains, thus rendering our further 
 advance unnecessary, and the army paused at 
 Marysviile, twelve miles south of Knoxville. Pur- 
 suit at that season was inexpedient, and General 
 Sherman at once commenced the return march to 
 Chattanooga, having received from General Burn- 
 side a noble tribute of gratitude for the efficient 
 aid rendered in compelling the enemy to raise the 
 siege. The order was subsequently read to all the 
 troops. 
 
 On the return, the army was under the necessity 
 of pursuing a different route, as far as possible, for 
 the purpose of collecting supplies for the troops. 
 The Fourth Division moved to Athens, via Madi- 
 sonville, reaching the former place on the 9th of 
 December, and resting in camp till the 13th. The 
 roads were in a terrible condition, from frequent 
 rains, and the troops marched along the railroad 
 track from Athens, suffering intensely from cold 
 weather, many being without shoes, and almost 
 destitute of clothing. On the 14th, the army arriv- 
 ed at Cleveland, and after two days of additional 
 suffering reached Chattanooga, in a most pitiable 
 condition. The appearance of the brave men who 
 Lad rescued East Tennessee from the grasp of 
 tyranny reminded us of Valley Forge and the 
 barefoot soldiers of the Revolution. No period of
 
 152 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 the war presented a scene surpassing in wretched- 
 ness that afforded on the return of Sherman's 
 command from that memorahle march. 
 
 The Fourth Division encamped on the battle- 
 field of November 25th, and visited the scene of 
 their conflict for the first time. That evening 
 with the men in camp w.ill not soon be forgotten. 
 We had not shared with them the scenes of toil 
 and privation which succeeded the fierce conflict 
 on this ground, almost a month previous. It had 
 been our sad duty to remain on the battle-field and 
 direct the interment of the brave men who had 
 perished there, and subsequently to commit those 
 who died of wounds to their final rest. But in all 
 the horrors of the battle-field, as seen by moonlight, 
 with the stars keeping vigil over the dead forms 
 whitened by frost; or by day, with mangled bodies 
 collected for burial beside the common receptacle 
 prepared for them ; or in the sad scene of the 
 weeks that succeeded amid the dead and dying 
 at hospital we had not witnessed a more impres- 
 sive spectacle than the condition of the Regiment 
 presented. Nothing could more clearly evince the 
 severity of privation and suffering to which brave 
 men were subjected than the combined testimony 
 furnished on that occasion. Without shoes, they 
 had covered their feet with fresh raw-hide or rem- 
 nants of old clothing. Their clothes were in tat- 
 ters, and a single shirt had sufficed for the entire
 
 RELIEF OF KNOXVILLE. 153 
 
 period of absence, while officers and men, without 
 exception, were annoyed by " gray backs," by 
 which expressive term the vermin of the camp are 
 known. The knapsack contained only the blanket, 
 which constituted the bed, in lieu of which many 
 had substituted bed-quilts aud coverlets picked up 
 on the march while the haversack could boast of 
 only a small quantity of corn meal and the coffee 
 ration. It was not only in appearance, but in 
 actual suffering, that these men elicited sympathy 
 from us. Upon the route they had marked their 
 tracks with blood, and on coarse and scanty food 
 they had endured the storms, and waded through 
 mud, cheered by the hope of abundant rations and 
 clothing on reaching Chattanooga. The past was 
 canceled by the cheering prospect of comfort and 
 food, in the future. 
 
 But on the evening of their arrival it was ascer- 
 tained that only rations could be furnished before 
 reaching Bridgeport, as the railroad was not yet 
 open from that point. With this partial relief from 
 suffering, the troops were obliged to be satisfied, 
 since impossibilities could not be required. Yet it 
 did seem that shoes for the suffering soldier in the 
 field might be furnished, by the reduction of trans- 
 portation on articles less needful. But the Com- 
 missary Department must furnish the requisite 
 amount of whisky for the pampered officials at 
 (jhattauooga, if some essentials to comfort were
 
 154 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 denied the troops. And the sutlers, too, could 
 usually smuggle to the front their agglomeration 
 of good, bad, and indifferent commodities, the 
 latter two qualities largely predominating. But 
 no matter what the value of their goods might be, 
 they were cash articles, at exorbitant rates, which 
 few soldiers, long unpaid, were prepared to pur- 
 chase. 
 
 The march was therefore resumed by the Fif- 
 teenth Corps which was ordered to return to 
 Alabama on the 18th of December, the coldest 
 day of the season, succeeded by a fearful night 
 which tested the power of endurance to its utmost. 
 The following day the troops arrived at Bridgeport, 
 rejoicing in the certain prospect of shoes and cloth- 
 ing. A number of the officers from different regi- 
 ments sent their horses with the command, and 
 took passage on the steamer Dunbar, for Bridge- 
 port, on the 19th. This boat was originaly a popu- 
 lar packet, running from Evansville to Paducah on 
 the Ohio, at the commencement of war. She was 
 captured by the enemy on the Tennessee, in 1861, 
 and removed to the upper section of the river, over 
 the Muscle Shoals, and had escaped destruction in 
 the recent abandonment of the Tennessee. The 
 fine cabin had long since been removed, and no 
 comforts were provided against the cold, except by 
 huddling around the boilers. The day was very 
 cold, and the passage would have been tedious but
 
 RELIEF OF KNOXVILLE. 155 
 
 for the sublime objects that presented themselves 
 to view, on our way through the mountains. The 
 distance from Chattanooga to Bridgeport, by river, 
 is sixty miles, most of this distance being through 
 the rugged scenery of the mountain region. Along 
 the north side of the river the wagon road, recently 
 used for supplying the besieged garrison at Chatta- 
 nooga, runs, scaling the mountains where it forms 
 the precipitous bank of the stream, and again 
 descending to the base of the cliffs where a narrow 
 passage intervenes between them and the river. 
 
 Several narrow and deep channels in the rocky 
 bed present features of peculiar interest. Three 
 of these are called, respectively, " the suck," "the 
 pot," and " the skillet." Through them the water 
 rushes with fearful violence. To enable the 
 ascending boats to surmount the resistance of the 
 current, a capstan, with strong leverage, is erected 
 on the south bank, to which ropes being attached, 
 the passengers and crew drag the steamer, with 
 the aid of her wheels, up the channel. Great care 
 is requisite in the descent, at low water, to avoid 
 striking the rocky sides of the narrow opening 
 through which the water passes. 
 
 A picture of destitution was presented on board 
 the Dunbar, which elicited the sympathy of all 
 hearts, and prompted a generous collection for the 
 benefit of the sufferers. A family of refugees, 
 consisting of the parents and twelve children, came
 
 156 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 on board at Chattanooga, on their way north. 
 They had no means, their entire possessions com- 
 prising a few articles of bedding wrapped up in a 
 bundle. The children were without covering for 
 heads or feet^ and thinly clad, among strangers, 
 and bound to an unknown destination. The group 
 sat shivering, but uncomplaining upon the lower 
 deck, a sad witness against the cruel wickedness of 
 the rebellion that had involved multitudes of inno- 
 cent families in similar suffering. The class to 
 which this family belonged have borne the severest 
 weight of sorrow, affliction, and destitution known 
 in the land, without possessing the intelligence or 
 energy to rise from the deep degradation in which 
 they are involved. 
 
 On reaching Bridgeport the troops were gratified 
 to learn that Major General John A. Logan had 
 been assigned to command the Fifteenth Corps, 
 Major General Blair having taken his seat in Con- 
 gress, as a Representative from Missouri. The 
 First and Third Divisions had preceded us to this 
 point, where General Logan had been in command 
 from their arrival. Henceforth the history of the 
 Corps is the history of this popular officer, who 
 has distinguished himself for his gallantry and 
 efficiency in the great campaigns under Sherman. 
 No citizen has excelled him in good qualities or 
 exercise of skill, as a military leader, and of all the 
 Major Generals from civil life, John A. Logan
 
 RELIEF OF KNOXVILLE. 157 
 
 may, without presumption, be regarded as the 
 most popular and beloved. He is esteemed, not 
 merely for what he has done in the field, but for 
 his great influence in his own State and throughout 
 the North ; and for his sterling ability and noble 
 integrity, as an uncompromising advocate of the 
 most stringent measures for suppressing rebellion. 
 The influence of General Logan, during the can- 
 vass of 1863, was so severely felt by the opponents 
 of the Administration, that it was currently report- 
 ed and believed in the army and at home that 
 a protest was sent to General Grant, from Illinois, 
 complaining of his protracted absence from the 
 army, which privilege he was using for the vilifica- 
 tion of his follow citizens, to which Grant replied, 
 in his sententious manner, " I consider General 
 Logan on duty, when he is at home fighting Cop- 
 perheads." No man in Illinois ever made greater 
 havoc among that brood of reptiles than John A. 
 Logan, and hence, when he returned to the army 
 he was very appropriately placed in command of 
 the Fifteenth Corps, where he could strike as 
 effectively for the overthrow of armed treason, as 
 he had struck for the defeat of its allies in the 
 North. Let the subsequent history of the man BO 
 beloved by that Corps, and of that command itself, 
 testify to the measure of his efficiency. 
 
 On the 20th of December, the weary and worn 
 troops were supplied with all that the Quartermas- 
 ter and Commissary Department could furnish,
 
 158 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 and the Regiment appeared on dress parade, on 
 the evening of the 23rd, with new outfit entire, 
 presenting a striking contrast with its previous 
 appearance. After receipt of pay for September 
 and October, the Corps received marching orders, 
 and moved to the designated stations for the win- 
 ter on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad 
 between Stevenson and Huntsville, Alabama. The 
 Fourth Division was stationed on the eastern por- 
 tion of the line, extending from Stevenson to 
 Scottsboro, and connecting with the Second 
 Division, at Larkinsville and Woodville, while the 
 First Division held Huntsville, and the Third was 
 distributed along the line east of that place. The 
 head-quarters of the Corps were at Huntsville, 
 while those of the Fourth Division were at Scotts- 
 boro, at which point we arrived on the 26th of 
 December. 
 
 A brief retrospect of the period, intervening 
 between our departure from Camp Sherman and 
 our arrival at Scottsboto, presents many topics of 
 interest, not noticed in this and the preceding 
 chapters. During the three months occupied in 
 ceaseless activity, the entire Division had marched 
 from Memphis to Marysville, East Tennessee, and 
 returned to this point, a distance of more than 
 seven hundred miles, being the only Division of 
 the Corps that had performed this herculean labor. 
 "We had crossed the Tennessee seven times, scaled
 
 RELIEF OF KNOXVILLE. 159 
 
 mountains, and swept through rich valleys, through 
 heat and cold, sun and storm, stumbling over rocks 
 or plunging in the deep mud, with all the un- 
 numbered incidents of a march then unparalleled 
 in the history of the war, and only exceeded 
 in thrilling events by subsequent campaigns in 
 Georgia and South Carolina. In the distance 
 traveled without rest, it still remains unequaled. 
 No other army ever moved on one unbroken 
 march of seven hundred miles in the space of 
 three months, aided in relieving two beleaguered 
 garrisons from a state of siege, and all with more 
 general cheerfulness than the Fifteenth Corps 
 evinced, during the months of October, November, 
 and December, 1863. In all these the Regiment 
 shared, and will inherit the honors. 
 
 The Regiment had shown in former times in 
 the camps of "Western Teunesee, and on the Big 
 Black its superior drill and discipline, but except- 
 ing on the line at Jackson it had not been under 
 fire since the engagement at Richmond. At Mis- 
 sionary Ridge it had shared in the praise due the 
 entire First and Second Brigades for the gallantry 
 exhibited under the concentrated fire of rebel bat- 
 teries, in a position which rendered it impossible 
 to return an effective fire. The officers and men 
 entertain feelings of pride in view of the record of 
 this period of the service.
 
 160 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 But the accomplishment of the object, which 
 called us from the rear of Vicksburg to East Ten- 
 nessee, left its traces in our thinned ranks, and in 
 the vacant places created by those who had fallen. 
 The memory of those we loved for their noble 
 deeds and heroic endurance will be perpetual, and 
 their far-off graves will often recur to mind amid 
 the scenes of busy life. The following list includes 
 all who died of disease during this period, most of 
 whom died in General Hospital, whither they had 
 been removed on our departure from Vicksburg : 
 
 October 4th Thomas Simmons, Company H, Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 October 7th Peter Hunter, Company K, drowned at Helena, 
 Arkansas. 
 
 October 12th George R. Smith, Company B, Rome City, Ind. 
 
 October 15th Peter Patram, Company E, Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 October 16th Abraham Gross, Company F, Corinth, Miss. 
 
 October 20th John Pickard, Company I, St. Louis, Missouri. 
 
 October 22nd Martin Linder, Company K, Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 October 23rd John Meyer, Company K, Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 October 23rd Moses Walter, Company B, Memphis Tenn. 
 
 October 27th Evan Day, Company E, luka, Mississippi. 
 
 October 28th William Steele, Company A, luka, Mississippi. 
 
 November 1st Thomas B. Bannon, Company G, Waterloo, Ala. 
 
 November 2nd Paul W. Quinn, Company H, Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 November 3rd Charles Evard, Company B, Corinth, Miss. 
 
 November 5th John D. Button, Company A, Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 November 12th Corporal Henry McBride, Company F, Dech- 
 erd, Tennessee. 
 
 November 13th David A. Scott, Company K, Anderson, Ala. 
 
 November 14th Amos Bucy, Company H, Anderson, Ala. 
 
 November 14th Hiram Wood, Company E, Anderson. Ala.
 
 RELIEF OF KNOXVILLE. 161 
 
 p 
 
 November 14th Jonathan Herron, Company D, Reynolds, Ind. 
 November 16th John Browning, Company H, Bridgeport, Ala. 
 November 21st Thomas Parker, Company E, Libby Prison, 
 Richmond, Virginia. 
 
 December 27th James A. Hutson, Company E, Libby Prison.
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 WINTER QUARTERS AT SCOTTSBORO. 
 
 The dawn of another year found us encamped 
 at this place, two hundred miles east of our posi- 
 tion the preceding winter. During the interval 
 great changes had taken place in our midst, one 
 hundred and twenty-five of our number having 
 died from various causes, chiefly of disease. These 
 men had perished in the service of a noble cause, 
 and in every State through which we had passed 
 they were buried. The recollections of the past 
 were to all suggestive of the uncertainty of the 
 future. 
 
 While we had thus suffered, it was a source of 
 untold satisfaction to know that the hour of our 
 deepest darkness had passed. Our cause was 
 again in the ascendant, and ultimate success could 
 no longer be doubtful. The operations of our 
 armies had been successful during the last six 
 months of the year then closed, excepting the 
 single engagement at Chickamauga, the results
 
 WINTER QUARTERS AT SCOTTSBORO. 163 
 
 of which had been more thau counterbalanced by 
 our subsequent success at Chattanooga and Knox- 
 ville. East Tennessee was forever freed from the 
 enemy's control, and the Mississippi was opened 
 to the Gulf. In the East there was no cause for 
 discouragement, while in the trans-Mississippi 
 region no change had occurred. 
 
 The thanks of the nation were due to the noble 
 armies that had turned the tide of battle, and 
 rendered the year 1863 the period of our decisive 
 achievements, in the suppression of rebellion. 
 The year had not only been crowded with great 
 events, but it had set forth conspicuously before 
 the nation the efficient leaders who were destined 
 to inspire a confidence before unknown. The 
 class of Generals that had been brought forth in 
 the first stage of the war were subsiding into 
 obscurity or subordinate positions, and others 
 unknown to fame till their deeds presented them 
 to the people as conquerors were occupying their 
 places. McClellan, Fremont and Buell had been 
 overshadowed by Grant, Sherman and Thomas, 
 whose merits were duly recognized, and rewarded 
 by promotion to the highest rank in the army. 
 To provide a suitable token of esteem and confi- 
 dence for the former of these great men, the office 
 of Lieutenant General was created by Congress, 
 and the appointment of General Grant to that 
 rank, by the President, was promptly confirmed by
 
 164 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 the Senate, thus for the second time establishing 
 for the hero of Vicksburg and Chattanooga a 
 special command, as a testimonial of gratitnde for 
 his distinguished services. This last and highest 
 form of military honor placed him in command 
 of all the armies of the United States, subordinate 
 only to the President. 
 
 To fill the vacancy created in the list of Major 
 Generals in the Regular Army, by the promotion 
 of General Grant, General Sherman was advanced 
 to that rank, and appointed to succeed Grant in 
 command of the Military Division of the Missis- 
 sippi, Major General McPherson succeeding to the 
 command of the Department and Army of the 
 Tennessee. These changes were made during the 
 winter succeeding the memorable campaign in 
 Middle and East Tennessee. In the meantime 
 the busy notes of preparation were heard in every 
 Department, in anticipation of an early and 
 vigorous offensive campaign. 
 
 While the army in Tennessee was reposing in 
 winter quarters, active operations continued in 
 Mississippi. General Sherman had scarcely re- 
 turned from the relief of Knoxville when he 
 received instructions to proceed to Vicksburg, and 
 renew the offensive from that point. Johnston 
 had superseded Bragg, at Dalton, soon after the 
 defeat of the latter at Chattanooga, leaving 
 General Polk in command of the force at
 
 WINTER QUARTERS AT SCOTTSBORO. 165 
 
 Meridian, Miss. The winter campaign from 
 Vicksburg was chiefly designed to effect the 
 destruction of communications and supplies in 
 the rear of Mobile. The force engaged in the 
 movement consisted of portions of the Sixteenth 
 and Seventeenth Corps, which had remained inac- 
 tive in the vicinity of Vicksburg during the opera- 
 tions in Tennessee. The expedition moved in the 
 early part of January, and swept over large and 
 fertile districts of Eastern Mississippi destroying 
 immense quantities of supplies, and cutting im- 
 portant lines of communication and threatened 
 Selma, Ala., whence Polk had retired with his 
 command. Great alarm prevailed in the South, 
 in consequence of the progress of Sherman, 
 unopposed, through the fertile region of the in- 
 terior the most productive portion of the Con- 
 federacy and the insufficiency of the force under 
 Polk to check his march necessitated reinforce- 
 ments, which could only be furnished by the 
 withdrawal of a portion of Johnston's army from 
 Dalton. 
 
 To make a diversion in favor of the Meridian 
 expedition for the purpose of preventing such 
 withdrawal of troops from Dalton to aid Polk a 
 considerable force, composed of detachments from 
 the several Corps resting in camp in Alabama and 
 Tennessee, was ordered to make a demonstration 
 upon Dalton and other points, which proved 
 successful.
 
 166 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 A feint was first ordered from Huntsville, Ala., 
 in the direction of Lebanon, which led the enemy 
 to believe that a large force, under General Logan, 
 was moving into the interior of Alabama for the 
 support of General Sherman. The Regiment, 
 with three others of the Division, participated in 
 this movement, the detachment being under com- 
 mand of Colonel Williams. This force crossed 
 the Tennessee, at Larkin's Ferry, and moved over 
 Sand Mountain to Lebanon, a distance of forty 
 miles. Having diverted the attention of the 
 enemy at Dalton from the contemplated reinforce- 
 ment of Polk, by drawing a considerable force 
 from Johnston's command to watch and oppose 
 our movements, the forces returned to camp on 
 the , 6th of February, after an absence of eight 
 days, having marched eighty miles. 
 
 This reconnoissance was immediately succeeded 
 by a demonstration against Dalton, from Chatta- 
 nooga, via Cleveland ; and detachments from the 
 several Divisions of the Fifteenth Corps were 
 placed under command of Brigadier General 
 Matthias, and ordered to Chattanooga. Again 
 the Regiment was designated for the service, 
 together with the One Hundred and Third 
 Illinois, Ninety-seventh and Ninety-ninth Indiana; 
 Colonel Dickerman, of the One Hundred and 
 Third Illinois, commanding the detachment. The 
 forces thus designated marched on the llth of
 
 WINTER QUARTERS AT SCOTTSBORO. 167 
 
 February, and reached Chattanooga on the 14th. 
 Major General Palmer assumed command of the 
 entire force, which moved by different routes, at- 
 tracting the attention of the enemy in such a 
 manner as to indicate a movement of our entire 
 army upon his position. The movement was pur- 
 posely slow to accomplish this object the more 
 certainly and not only the enemy but our own 
 forces were deceived by the indications of a real 
 purpose to engage the enemy in his defenses. 
 And to this day many insist that this was the 
 object in view, the incorrectness of which must 
 appear when we take into consideration the small 
 portion of our army employed in the demonstra- 
 tion, while Johnston retained almost his entire 
 army within his defenses, awaiting attack. The 
 additional disadvantage to ourselves resulting 
 from success in driving the enemy from his posi- 
 tion-^ can also be seen in enabling Johnston to 
 send a portion of his force to operate- against 
 Sherman, after evacuating Dalton, as it would 
 have been impossible to pursue him at that season. 
 Whatever the design involved, the result was 
 satisfactory. A portion of Johnston's force was 
 already en route for Selma, to reinforce Polk, when 
 our movement, on the 23d of February, secured 
 their speedy return to resist the supposed advance 
 of our whole army. Brisk skirmishing marked 
 our approach to Tunnel Hill, where the enemy
 
 168 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 held a strongly fortified position. The detachment 
 of the Fifteenth Corps held a position on the left 
 of our line, and advanced upon the outposts of the 
 enemy on the 25th, remaining under a desultory 
 fire during that day, from which a few were killed 
 and wounded. The Regiment suffered no loss, 
 though under fire a portion of the time. The 
 demonstration had revealed the fact that the 
 enemy was in force, and that the intended rein- 
 forcement for Selma had returned, on learning 
 .which the forces were withdrawn, and slowly re- 
 turned to our line of communication. General 
 Matthias reached Cleveland with his command on 
 the 28th, from which point he had advanced on 
 the 23d. Remaining one day, to muster for pay, 
 the troops began the return march to their camps, 
 in Alabama, on the 1st of March, which Colonel 
 Dickerman's detachment reached on the 5th, after 
 an absence of twenty-four days, and a march of 
 two hundred and twenty-five miles. Thus the 
 aggregate of service, in active operations in the 
 field, since leaving Memphis, October llth, 1863, 
 was one hundred and eight days, during which the 
 troops marched more than a thousand miles. 
 
 This brief record of events, occurring during 
 the month of February, forms an important part 
 of the history of the period intervening between 
 the fall and spring campaigns under Sherman. 
 The months of January, March, and April were
 
 WINTER QUARTERS AT SCOTT8BORO. 169 
 
 spent in camp, with the usual monotony of life in 
 winter quarters. Hence this period will occupy 
 but little space in the present Chapter. A few in- 
 cidents will serve to show the mode of life, and 
 the scenes surrounding us during this period. 
 
 Soon after reaching Scottsboro, in December, 
 the three years troops, enlisted in 1P61, were 
 offered the privilege of re-enlistment, with a 
 bounty of $400 and thirty days' furlough. The 
 readiness of acceptance of these terms, by the 
 troops whose term of service would expire during 
 the approaching summer, was highly gratifying 
 and satisfactory, indicating an unshaken confi- 
 dence in ultimate success on the part of the troops 
 thus re-enlisting. The following regiments of the 
 Fourth Division accepted the proposed terms, and 
 left for their respective States during the month 
 of January, viz. : the Sixth Iowa, Forty-sixth, 
 Fifty-third, and Seventieth Ohio, Twenty-sixth, 
 Fortieth, and Forty-eighth Illinois, and Fifteenth 
 Michigan, leaving the following non-veteran regi- 
 ments in camp, viz. : the Twelfth, Ninety-seventh, 
 Ninety-ninth and One Hundredth Indiana, 
 Nintieth and One Hundred and Third Illinois. 
 These were stationed as follows : the Nintieth 
 Illinois, at Mud Creek, midway between Scotts- 
 boro and Stevenson ; the One Hundredth Indiana, 
 at Bellefonte, and the remaining three at Scotts- 
 boro. The absence of Colonel Loomis with his 
 
 H
 
 170 YICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 regiment devolved the command of the Brigade 
 on Colonel Williams, which he assumed on the 
 1st of January. Captain Nelson, of Company K, 
 having previously been appointed Assistant In- 
 spector General for the Brigade, discharged the 
 duties of A. A. General during the absence of 
 Captain Bloomfield, and Lieutenant Hazzard, of 
 Company I, was appointed A. A. Q. M., vice 
 First Lieutenant Spring, also absent with his regi- 
 ment. Lieutenant Colonel Goodnow commanded 
 the Regiment during this period. 
 
 Brigadier General William Harrow relieved 
 General Ewing, in command of the Division, on 
 the 8th of February, and retained his connection 
 with the organization during the remaining period 
 of its history. The complete list of Division com- 
 manders, during the year closed, embraced Briga- 
 dier Generals Denver, Smith and Ewing. General 
 Harrow was welcomed to his new command, and 
 proved to be a brave officer. 
 
 Our camp was located on the south side of a 
 rocky ledge, which constituted a sharp spur of the 
 mountain and terminated a short distance toward 
 the west. We were protected from the inclemency 
 of the weather by the height above us, whose 
 sides furnished materials for our chimneys and 
 fuel for warming our quarters, as well as timber 
 for the construction of the latter. The busy scene 
 that was presented on the Sabbath succeeding our
 
 WINTER QUARTERS AT SCOTTSBORO. 171 
 
 arrival, and for several subsequent days, was in- 
 teresting to behold from the summit of the moun- 
 tain. Hundreds of axes resounded through the 
 camps below, and the sounds fell upon the ear like 
 the hum of busy industry in days of peace. The 
 weather was cold, and the day of rest was employ- 
 ed in securing protection against the exposure to 
 which the troops had long been subjected. As if 
 by magic, the comfortable cabins rose, where all 
 was dense underbrush a few days before. A fairy 
 tale cannot equal the reality spread out to view in 
 the valley, where thousands of tents dotted the 
 fields and nestled in the forests, bearing the ap- 
 pearance of busy villages where so late all was 
 hushed in silence and solitude. This was the 
 more pleasant aspect of war, and contrasted 
 agreeably with the scenes through which we had 
 passed. 
 
 Here, for three months, we remained, awaiting 
 the renewal of the stern conflict for the suppres- 
 sion of rebellion and tyranny. As the spring- 
 time came on to dispel the dreary influence of 
 winter, the far-off mountains beyond the Tennes- 
 see, which had presented their brown or snowy 
 sides to our view, assumed the livery of beauty 
 wrought by the gentle rain and the genial sun- 
 shine, till the heart beat back responsive to the 
 voice of nature, speaking sweetly of peace. Our 
 camps, too, kept pace with the progress of nature,
 
 172 . VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 by artificial adornment, and our humble abode 
 became the most attractive object in the scope of 
 our vision. Rows of cedars from the mountain- 
 top were arranged in front of the several lines of 
 tents, with bovvers to shelter from the warmth of 
 noonday. The line officers' tents were made 
 objects of special interest, by the verdant arches 
 erected in their front, with the several lette 1 s of 
 the companies suspended from the centre of each 
 arch, while in front of the Colonel's tent a larger 
 arch, with the Masonic emblem, all in evergreen, 
 formed the central point of beauty. 
 
 Various amusements were resorted to for whil- 
 ing away the hours, as day by day rolled by. The 
 most exciting and amusing of these was a sham 
 battle, and yet not wholly a sham, in which the 
 assailants gathered up the cast-off boots and shoes 
 from the refuse of camp, and used them as wea- 
 pons of violence, while the party assailed made a 
 vigorous defense with the same means. These 
 were thrown in showers by the combatants, in 
 charge and counter-charge. An old garment, 
 picked up from the rubbish without the camp, 
 served as a flag, and a camp-kettle upon a stump 
 was made to represent a battery, against which 
 one party would rush with great impetuosity, 
 while the opponents would rally in support of the 
 object of attack. In the close contest that was 
 waged for the mastery blows fell thick and fast.
 
 WINTER QUARTERS AT SCOTTSBORO. 173 
 
 while yells of triumph rose as one or the other 
 party gained the ground. Some were severely 
 injured in the melee, which was conducted 
 throughout in the best possible humor. In other 
 pleasant pastimes officers and men would fre- 
 quently mingle, the most popular of which was 
 gymnastic exerises, in which the full vigor of the 
 man was called into healthful employment. 
 
 But other sounds than those of merriment arere 
 heard in our camps. A rude chapel was con- 
 structed by the Regiment, for public and social 
 religious services during the inclement season, but 
 it was destroyed while the troops were absent at 
 Dalton. On the return of spring large congrega- 
 tions assembled at the respective camps for even- 
 ing services. These meetings continued several 
 weeks, with beneficial results. 
 
 As in all our camps, death was a frequent visi- 
 tor, and bore to the grave some of our noblest 
 young men, in the prime of manhood. But the 
 mortality during this period fell far short of that 
 at Grand Junction and Fort Loomis, during the 
 corresponding period of the previous year. Four- 
 teen died in camp, whose names appear in the 
 following list : 
 
 January 7th Joseph Fisher, Company D. 
 January 12th Wesley Mitchell, Company F. 
 January 24th George W. Yager, Company I. 
 January 28th James Barnard, Company Q.
 
 174 VICKSBURG TO RALEIQH. 
 
 March 12th Lewis Brown, Company II. 
 
 March 17th Sergeant Oliyer B. Glascock, Company D. 
 
 March 21st George E. Worden, Company B. 
 
 March 27th Gustavus McCrary, Company E. 
 
 March 28th Francis M. Reed, Company D. 
 
 April 3rd William H. Watson, Company F. 
 
 April 13th William R. Ranney, Company K. 
 
 April 20th Albert D. Scarlett, Company K. 
 
 April 23rd John N. Brooks, Company H. 
 
 April 25th Daniel W. MOD til, Company I. 
 
 The following died during the same period, 
 while absent from the Regiment : 
 
 January 25th Abraham* D. Bannon, Company G, Alfont, Ind. 
 March 18th James F. French, Company D, Troy, Ohio. 
 April 3rd William H. Ely, Company E, Libby Prison, Rich- 
 mond, Virginia. 
 
 April 7th Jacob M. Paulus, Company I, Louisyille, Kentucky. 
 
 The following promotions were made during the 
 eame period : 
 
 1st Lieutenant William H. Harrison, Co. B, to 
 Captain, vice Aveline, killed in action, February 
 1st, 1864. 
 
 2nd Lieutenant Alfred L. Stoney, Co. B, to 1st 
 Lieutenant, vice Harrison, promoted, February 
 
 Ijt, 1864. 
 
 Sergeant James Strouse, Co. B, to 2nd Lieuten- 
 a \tj vice Stoney, promoted, March 12th, 1864. 
 
 Sergeant Major Marshall H. Parks, to Adjutant, 
 v :e Bond, resigned, March llth, 1864.
 
 WINTER QUARTERS AT SCOTTSBORO. 175 
 
 Orderly Sergeant G. B. Hart, Co. H, to 1st 
 Lieutenant, vice Hart, resigned, March 12th, 1864. 
 
 Sergeant Dick Jones, Co. H, to 2nd Lieutenant, 
 vice Hart, promoted, March 12th, 1864. 
 
 1st Lieutenant B. F. Price, Co. D, to Captain, 
 vice Bowman, resigned, March 19th, 1864. 
 
 1st Lieutenant E. S. Lenfesty, Co. C, to Captain, 
 vice Beesou, died of wounds, April 22nd, 1864. 
 
 .2nd Lieutenant C. F. Mather, Co. C, to 1st 
 Lieutenant, vice Lenfesty, promoted, April 22nd, 
 1864. 
 
 2nd Lieutenant E. H. Webster, Co. F, to Cap- 
 tain Co. A, vice Conner, resigned, April 29th, 1864. 
 
 2nd Lieutenant Robert Alfont, Co. G, to 1st 
 Lieutenant, vice Helms, resigned, April 29th, 1864. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Ralph Copper, Co. G, to 2nd 
 Lieutenant, vice Alfont, promoted, April 29th, 1864. 
 
 Quartermaster Sergeant John H. Waters, to 1st 
 Lieutenant Co. A, vice Weatherinton, resigned, 
 April 30th, 1864. 
 
 1st Lieutenant Robert R. Scott, Co. E, was 
 detailed as A. R. Q. M. during this period. 
 
 On the 4th of March Colonel Loomis returned, 
 with his regiment, and resumed command of the 
 Brigade, when Colonel Williams again joined the 
 Regiment, remaining in command during the con- 
 tinuance of the troops at Scottsboro. The veteran 
 regiments returned with ranks filled with recruits, 
 especially those reaching their respective States at
 
 176 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 an early period, and the strength of the Division 
 was increased to nearly seven thousand men. Gene- 
 ral Logan reviewed the troops, on the 23rd of April, 
 and all indications pointed to an early movement. 
 General Sherman had returned from Vicksburg, in 
 the latter part of March, and assumed command 
 of the Military Division of the Mississippi, while 
 General Grant had gone to Washington, to direct 
 the movement of the armies on the Rapidan, in the 
 approaching campaign. Everything was ready for 
 movement, on the 30th day of April, and the troops 
 were under marching orders for tke next day. New 
 scenes of danger were before us, compared with 
 which our previous experience now seems of little 
 moment
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 
 
 On the 1st day of May the army again began 
 concentration, for active operations against the 
 enemy at Dalton, with the ultimate object of secur- 
 ing possession of Atlanta, the most important 
 inland point in the Confederacy. The forces des- 
 tined for service in the approaching campaign 
 included the Army of the Cumberland, under 
 Major General Thomas; the Army of the Ten- 
 nessee, under Major General McPherson; and a 
 portion of the Army of the Ohio, under Major 
 General Schofield. The troops composing these 
 organizations were distributed along the railroads, 
 from Knoxville to Huntsville and thence to Nash- 
 ville, and in Northern Georgia, except the Seven- 
 teenth Corps, which was en route from Vicksburg. 
 Two Divisions each of the Sixteenth ard Seven- 
 teenth Corps were retained in Western Tennessee 
 and Mississippi ; and the Third Division, Fifteenth 
 Corps, in Northern Alabama, excepting which, the
 
 178 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 entire Army of the Tennessee was under orders to 
 take the field. One Division of the Army of the 
 Cumberland was retained in Middle Tennessee, to 
 hold our lines of communication, and two Divi- 
 sions of the Army of the Ohio were stationed at 
 Knoxville and in its vicinity. The entire force 
 with which General Sherman entered upon the 
 campaign including infanty, cavalry, and artil- 
 lery numbered nearly ninety-eight thousand men. 
 This force was collecting in the vicinity of Chatta- 
 nooga during the first days of May, 1864. 
 
 In the meantime, Grant was mustering his forces 
 for offensive operations against Lee's army and 
 Richmond. The time had now come for the har- 
 monious co-operation of the two great armies of 
 the East and West, in the work of crushing treason 
 and restoring the authority of the Union in the 
 revolted States. Hitherto there had been a radical 
 defect in this respect, which was remedied by the 
 assignment of Grant and Sherman to their respec- 
 tive commands. Their previous services together 
 had qualified them to act with full confidence of 
 success in well-matured plans. Such plans had 
 been arranged for the great campaigns of 1864, 
 and each entered upon the prosecution of his work 
 with great vigor. They had, as subordinates, the 
 tried men of previous campaigns, who had written 
 their fame by deeds of noble worth, in the accom- 
 plishment of victory at Gettysburg, Yicksburg,
 
 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 179 
 
 and Chattanooga. Meade, McPherson, and Thomas 
 had all evinced their ability, and secured the confi- 
 dence of the nation, as well as that of their supe- 
 riors in rank. Added to these, were Corps com- 
 manders who had achieved a brilliant reputation 
 in the face of the enemy. And more than all, the 
 armies, led by these brave officers, were inspired 
 with fresh confidence, as they saw the harmonious 
 combination of military skill and energy, in those 
 who were to lead them to certain triumph. 
 
 The concentration of forces at Chattanooga was 
 effected on the 5th of May, at which date the 
 Fifteenth Corps arrived from Alabama. The 
 Fourth Division moved from Scottsboro, on the 1st 
 of May. The resignation of Colonel Loomis oc- 
 curred at this date, and on the morning of May 2d 
 he delivered a brief parting address to the Brig- 
 ade, as the troops were formed in line for resum- 
 ing the march. For more than three years he had 
 led bis regiment, and for the last fourteen months 
 had held command of the Brigade ; and the part- 
 ing scene was to him on the eve of great 
 events one calculated to call forth peculiar 
 thoughts and emotions, 'lie was a brave officer 
 and strict disciplinarian. He cared for the in- 
 terests of his men, and earned the reputation of 
 being the equal in efficiency of any Brigade com- 
 mander under whom the Regiment served during 
 its continuance in the field. Colonel Williams
 
 180 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 succeeded him in command of the Brigade, and 
 continued to fill the position throughout the 
 memorable campaign, and Lieutenant Colonel 
 Goodnow assumed command of the Regiment. 
 
 Our route to Chattanooga was by the mountain 
 road from Bridgeport, this being the fourth time 
 the Regiment had marched over the same ground. 
 The road was still lined with the carcasses of 
 mules which had died during, the winter, in cross- 
 ing the mountain. The record of suffering then 
 endured by these worn-out creatures can never be 
 written. Over their crushed remains and bleech- 
 ing bones, which almost paved the road, through 
 the mountain pass called " the Narrows," we now 
 made our way. The account of the scene pre- 
 sented at this place, while our trains were return- 
 ing from Chattanooga, in December previous, as 
 given by the participants, exceeds all we ever 
 heard of labor under difficulties. With the ut- 
 most effort the train succeeded in moving only 
 half a mile during an entire day. 
 
 We camped at Whiteside Station, on the even- 
 ing of May 4th. At this point the Nashville and 
 Chattanooga Railroad crosses a deep gorge, 
 through which flows a rapid mountain stream, 
 called Falling Waters. The magnificent bridge 
 spanning the chasm, more than a hundred feet in 
 depth, had been destroyed by the enemy, on the 
 abandonment of the line of the Tennessee, and a
 
 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 181 
 
 trestle-bridge had been erected by the military 
 authorities. The passage of trains over the 
 bridge seemed perilous, and we trembled for the 
 troops borne across so frail a structure as it ap- 
 peared to be. In the following November, while 
 on our way from Atlanta to Indiana, w ; th money 
 for the Regiment, an incident occurred at this 
 place that will never be forgotten. On nearing 
 the bridge, one of the axles of the car in which we 
 rode gave way. The train was running so rapidly 
 that it was impossible to check it before reaching 
 the chasm. The car was thrown from the track, 
 and went bounding over the ties, striking the 
 bridge, and detaching the hospital car filled with 
 sick and wounded soldiers from the rear. The 
 jostling now became fearful, and the terrible truth 
 that we were rushing into the jaws of destruction 
 appalled the stoutest heart. The ties being piled 
 up before us, we were drawn over them, breaking 
 the trucks, over the foremost of which the car was 
 balanced for the fall into the chasm below, when 
 the train was stopped, and we were saved. 
 
 Arriving at Chattanooga, on the 5th of May, all 
 surplus baggage was stored at that place, where it 
 remained till the close of the campaign. Strict 
 orders were issued, limiting the officers to tent- 
 flyes and the men to shelter tents, also limiting the 
 amount of officers' baggage. Everything was re- 
 quired to be in readiness to move on the morning
 
 182 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 of the (Jth, and busy scenes of preparation were 
 observable in all the camps. Morning found us 
 prepared for the march, and at half-past ten 
 o'clock the Regiment was on its unknown 
 destination. 
 
 The disposition of the forces for the movement 
 upon Dalton was as follows : Thomas occupied the 
 centre, McPherson the right, and Schofield the 
 left. Hooker, with the Twentieth Corps, occupied 
 the right centre. This Corps had been formed by 
 the consolidation of the Eleventh and Twelfth 
 Corps, and was attached to the Army of the 
 Cumberland, which also included the Fourth and 
 Fourteenth Corps. Schofield's command consist- 
 ed only of two Divisions of the Twenty-third 
 Corps. McPherson's included the Fifteenth 
 Corps, excepting the Third Division, which was 
 retained for a time at Huutsville and on the line 
 of railroad thence to Stevenson, and two Divisions 
 of the Sixteenth Corps, under Major General 
 Dodge. The army consisted of sixteen Divisions, 
 distributed as follows : In the Fourth Corps, three; 
 in the Fourteenth, three ; in the Fifteenth, three ; 
 in the Sixteenth, two; in the Twentieth, three, 
 and in the Twenty-third, two. Added to this 
 was the cavalry force, consisting of the several 
 commands of Kilpatrick, Stoneman, and Garrard. 
 
 While Thomas was demonstrating in front of 
 Dalton, and Hooker at Rocky Face Ridge, Scho- 
 field was threatening the enemy's right flank, and
 
 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 183 
 
 McPherson was moving to his rear, through Snake 
 Creek Gap. The details of this important move- 
 ment, by which Johnston was forced to evacute 
 his strong position at Daltou, are full of interest, 
 and will form the subject of the remaining portion 
 of the present Chapter. 
 
 Our first day's march brought us to Craw Fish 
 Spring, near the Chickamauga battle-field, over 
 which our route lay. A beautiful and abundant 
 fountain of gushing water issues from a rocky bed 
 at this place, and the night passed very pleasantly. 
 The evening was occupied in social worship by the 
 religious men of the Regiment, and the interest 
 that prevailed will not soon be forgotten by those 
 who shared in the enjoyment of the occasion. 
 The spot where we met will ever be sacred in. 
 memory to those who will recall one who subse- 
 quently fell in battle, and fulfilled in death the 
 promise recorded on that night. It was one of 
 the waymarks in the weary life of the Christian 
 soldier, to which we shall often recur with peculiar 
 pleasure. 
 
 On the following morning we resumed the 
 march, crossing the Little Chickamauga, at Glass' 
 Mill. The First and Second Divisions having 
 secured the road in advance, we were compelled to 
 halt till near night, reaching camp at midnight. 
 On the 8th we entered the beautiful Cane Creek 
 Valley. This fertile valley is bounded on the
 
 184 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 south-east by Taylor's Ridge, which stretches away 
 in either direction as far as the eye can reach, giv- 
 ing an air of beauty to the scene that charmed the 
 eye in the early spring-time. No Federal forces 
 had before passed through this valley. Previous 
 to the battle of Chickamauga the enemy occupied 
 it, and the supplies of the previous year had been 
 chiefly consumed by Bragg's army. At Ship s 
 Gap, a depression in Taylor's Ridge, our forces 
 crossed into Armurchy Valley, and camped at 
 Villanow, a small town in Walker County, Geor- 
 gia. As in all the small towns which we saw in 
 the South, everything indicated the entire suspen- 
 sion of business. Desolation seemed written upon 
 everything, presenting a striking contrast with the 
 busy scenes in our Northern villages, where indus- 
 try and enterprise have been stimulated instead of 
 paralyzed by the war. Nothing evinced more 
 clearly the destitute condition of the people than 
 the total absence of all trade, and the dependence 
 of rich and poor alike upon the productions of home 
 industry. 
 
 In prospect of an engagement for the possession 
 of Snake Creek Gap, the First Brigade remained 
 in the rear to guard the train, while the troops 
 moved forward, gained the entrance to the Gap 
 unopposed,, and moved through it. On emerging 
 into the valley beyond, a small force of rebel caval- 
 ry was encountered by our advance, and a brisk 

 
 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 185 
 
 skirmish ensued. The enemy retreated, and our 
 forces held the mouth of the Gap, at the head of 
 Sugar Valley. 
 
 The First Brigade remained at the opposite end 
 of the Gap till the following day. A Brigade of 
 the Sixteenth Corps also remained to guard the 
 trains of that command. During the night of the 
 9th the A. A. General of that Brigade, while intoxi- 
 cated, became alarmed for the safety of the trains, 
 reported Wheeler approaching with a superior 
 force, and ordered the removal of the trains within 
 the Gap and the troops to be on the guard against 
 immediate attack. No enemy was near. But the 
 whole camp was thrown into excitement by the 
 fears of a drunken officer, and a scene that beg- 
 gars description was presented in the removal of 
 the trains to .a place of safety. At last quiet was 
 restored, and the intoxicated author of the unnec- 
 essary commotion fell into a state of insensibility. 
 
 The advance of the Twentieth Corps reached 
 this point, on the afternoon of the 10th, and our 
 trains were moved forward through the Gap. A 
 heavy rain fell during the night, which completely 
 drenched many of the soldiers. On the llth and 
 12th our forces fortified a strong position, on the 
 high ground commanding the entrance to the Gap 
 from the east, in anticipation of an effort by the 
 enemy to force us back. But Johnston had been 
 too long deceived by the demonstrations in his
 
 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 front. The possession of a strong position in his 
 rear having been secured by the success of Mc- 
 Pherson's movement, he was forced to evacuate 
 Dalton, which he effected during the night of the 
 12th, moving toward Resaca. Our forces were 
 therefore hurried forward through Snake Creek 
 Gap, ready for offensive operations should the 
 enemy decline an attack upon us in our works. 
 
 The first object of the campaign was speedily 
 accomplished, with but slight loss. Some severe 
 fighting had been done at Buzzard Boost, by the 
 Twentieth Corps, aside from which the possession of 
 Dalton was almost a bloodless triumph. Disposi- 
 tion of the army was at once ordered for moving 
 upon the enemy at Resaca, on the following day. 
 
 /While waiting the development of the situation 
 we ascended the mountain, over-looking the valley 
 of the Oustanaula, when a scene of magnificence 
 and beauty was spread out before the eye. The 
 distant town of Resaca, with its defenses, the silvery 
 course of the river, and the mingling of field and 
 forest, with the smoke rising from the enemy's 
 camps, presented one of the finest landscape views 
 we ever beheld, and such as Are to be found in 
 mountainous regions alone. The student of nature 
 never tires of gazing upon scenes like those that 
 greeted the eye from that mountain summit. It 
 se'emed almost impossible that amid such visions 
 of peace and loveliness the voice of war could be
 
 THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 187 
 
 heard, and that the lovely valley before us would 
 soon be the burial place of some who now looked 
 down upon its smiling face. A deep sadness was 
 mingled with the pleasure derived from that land- 
 scape view, as we meditated upon the probable 
 events of the morrow and succeeding days. 
 
 That charming scene, with the sad events that 
 soon succeeded, finds a correspondence in the life 
 of man. The view of his features, lighted up with 
 hope, and blooming in happiness and contentment, 
 while peace and prosperity attend his steps, is like 
 the vision from the mountain-top. But the look 
 of sadness that succeeds, and the voice of mourn- 
 ing which marks the hour of affliction, of trial, and 
 of stern conflict with difficulties too great for hu- 
 man endurance, remind us of the scenes of strife 
 on the bosom of that lovely valley. As the sun 
 shines above the quiet vale or the smoke of battle, 
 so is it in humau life. The same Source of light 
 is above and around us, to dispense those cheering 
 influences upon our hearts amid the trials of life 
 that He confers upon us in days of prosperity and 
 happiness. 
 
 That beautiful valley, reposing in the quiet of 
 the evening hour, is also suggestive of the days of 
 peace, so long enjoyed by this land of freedom. 
 In the same vision, darkened by the smoke of the 
 conflict, and trembling under the roar of artillery, 
 is seen the emblem of our great struggle for the
 
 188 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 right. It is through the agency of the thunder- 
 storm, with its fearful glare of lightning, that the 
 atmosphere is purified and nature rendered more 
 beautiful. And so, too, by the smoke, and roar, 
 and flash of battle, has our nation been purified 
 from its poisonous elements that were impairing 
 the free circulation of the air of freedom. Even 
 the view of that valley from the mountain summit 
 was marred by the hand of oppression, that had 
 itself engendered strife and bloodshed. Were we 
 to look again upon that scene to-day, both the 
 cloud of battle and the cloud of slavery would be 
 rolled far away, and in the vision we should but 
 behold where freedom triumphed and where the 
 sons of freedom fell. But in their fall they 
 Sampson-like pulled down the mighty temple of 
 despotism, by leaning against its pillars, and in its 
 fall involved thousands of their enemies.
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 BATTLE OF RESACA. 
 
 On the morning of May 13th the troops advanc- 
 ed from their fortified position upon the enemy, 
 who was entrenched on a low range of hills north 
 of Resaca, and about six miles distant. The 
 cavalry met the enemy, and in the skirmish that 
 ensued General Kilpatrick was severely wounded, 
 and conveyed to the rear. Our forces formed in 
 line of battle, on the Rome road, running north 
 and south, about two miles west of Resaca, the 
 Sixteenth Corps on the right, and the First, 
 Second and Fourth Divisions of the Fifteenth 
 Corps on the left, in the order named. The First 
 Brigade formed the extreme left of the right 
 wing, the Regiment on the right of the Brigade. 
 
 At two o'clock P. M. the order was given to 
 move forward, and the line advanced jn beautiful 
 order, up a gentle ascent, from the summit of 
 which the outposts of the enemy were visible. 
 Companies B and C were detailed as skirmishers.
 
 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 and ordered forward. The enemy opened upon 
 our lines with artillery, and a few shots took effect 
 among the troops. But the skirmish line was 
 pushed across the intervening fields and up the 
 hill-side occupied by the enemy, and he hurried 
 away with his artillery, abandoning the outer line 
 of defenses, and retiring to the hill beyond. 
 
 Our lines were again advanced, presenting an 
 imposing scene as they moved down the hill, and, 
 emerging from the woods, stretched across the 
 waving fields of grain in beautiful order, and dis- 
 appeared in the belt of timber that hid the enemy 
 from view. "With a brief halt at the farther edge 
 of the woods, the order for advance was again 
 given. The line advanced, at once drawing a 
 murderous fire from the enemy, posted on the hill- 
 side,, beyond a low field, through which ran a deep 
 creek. A portion of the line halted in the dense 
 under-growth that skirted the field, but the Regi- 
 ment advanced into the open ground, where the 
 troops suffered severely, and were finally forced to 
 retire under cover, whence a well directed fire 
 could be returned upon the enemy. The first line 
 held this position till night, when it was relieved 
 by the Second Brigade. 
 
 The Regiment sustained a greater loss than any 
 other that was engaged, losing forty men in killed 
 and wounded. Major Baldwin and Adjutant
 
 BATTLE OF RESACA 191 
 
 Parks had their horses shot under them, on enter- 
 ing the field. The troops exhibited great coolness 
 under the most galling fire. The wounded were 
 continually coming to the rear, and others were 
 falling, mortally wounded or dead, in "the open 
 field. Leonard Flanigan, of Company H, had re- 
 ceived a slight wound in his hand, and while 
 wrapping his handkerchief round the injured part 
 was struck a second time, and instantly killed. 
 Our shoemaker, who had recently returned to 
 duty with his Company, was wounded in both 
 arms before he had fired a sh(5t. In removing the 
 dead at night we were fired upon by our own 
 pickets. The early part of the night was occupied 
 in the burial of the dead. Under cover of the 
 darkness they were brought from the field, and 
 laid side by side in the woods, till preparations 
 could be made for interment. 
 
 The most remarkable event of the day was the 
 death of Captain Peoples, of Company E, who 
 had long had a presentiment that he would be 
 killed in the first battle in which he should 
 be engaged. This idea had obtained possession 
 of his mind, during the presence of the Regiment 
 in front of Dalton, in February previous, and had 
 continued to control his thoughts. As lie was 
 leading his Company through the belt of timber, 
 just before encountering the terrible fire of the 
 enemy, he said to Sergeant B. F. Perce, " I shall
 
 192 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 be killed in this battle, but I am ready." The 
 line moved forward into the open field, and the 
 Captain and Sergeant lay down near each other, to 
 protect themselves from the fire ; and while in the 
 act of raising his head a ball struck him in the 
 centre of the forehead, passing entirely through 
 the head. The Sergeant and others of the Com- 
 pany brought the body from the field after dark- 
 ness had set in, and washed it for burial. The 
 grave was in readiness at the still hour of mid- 
 night, and we committed the precious dust to rest, 
 with a few broken utterances of grief and a prayer 
 for the afflicted wife in her far-off home. The 
 stars kept vigil during this solemn burial, which 
 forcibly reminded us of that of Sir John Moore. 
 
 The following is a full list of casualties in the 
 Regiment : 
 
 Company A Wounded : George W. Robinson, 
 died May 16th. 
 
 Company B Wounded: Marion Edwards. 
 
 Company C "Wounded: Joseph Grey. 
 
 Company D Killed : John Shigley. "Wound- 
 ed: Captain Benjamin F. Price, Sergeant John 
 II. Shultz, William H. Parcells, James W. Sines, 
 William H. Sleeth. 
 
 Company E Killed: Captain Thomas N. Peo- 
 ples. Wounded: Thomas F. Carter, died May 
 31st ; James Donovan, Robert A. Richardson. 
 
 Company F Wounded: Peter Strow, died 
 June 25th.
 
 BATTLE OF RESACA. 193 
 
 Company G Wounded: Alfred Dobbins, An- 
 drew Forgey, died May 16th ; Hugh Forgey, died 
 June 9th; Peter Shaffer, Hiram P. Shaffer, Aaron 
 Wright, died May 14th. 
 
 Company H Killed : William H. Crane, Leon- 
 ard Flanigan, John Stader. Wounded : liobert 
 Gaff, Daniel A. Green. 
 
 Company I Killed : Henry Callahan. Wound- 
 ed : Sergeant William H. Sparrow, George W. 
 Long, William II. Robinson. 
 
 Company K Killed: John J. Comparet, John 
 Rogers. Wounded : Sergeant Nicholas Miller, 
 Joseph R. Chase, William Connell, Martin Fred- 
 erickson, James Hays, Conrad Hoffmeyer, Levi 
 Spitler, died June 9th; Edward Taylor, Quicy O. 
 Whitham. 
 
 While these events were transpiring on the 
 right, our forces were getting in position upon the 
 left, in readiness for action the following day. 
 The enemy concentrated on Johnson's Division 
 of the Fourteenth Corps, and pressed it back some 
 distance, but reinforcements from the Twentieth 
 Corps arrived in time to check the foe, and regain 
 the lost ground, after a severe engagement, in 
 which both sides lost heavily. On the evening of 
 the 14th Morgan L. Smith's Division charged the 
 strong position of the enemy in their front, and 
 drove him from his works. The rebels endeavor- 
 ed to regain the ground, but failed, suffering
 
 194 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 severely in the attempt. The Brigade was order- 
 ed up as a support, but our aid was not required. 
 On the 15th no advance was made by our lines on 
 the right, and no fighting, except that of the 
 skirmish lines, occurred. The Regiment was not 
 again placed on the front line, remaining in re- 
 serve during the last two days we were in the face 
 of the enemy. On our left, Hooker renewed the 
 battle early in the morning, driving the enemy 
 back, occupying his position and capturing several 
 pieces of artillery. In the meantime the Six- 
 teenth Corps was ordered across the Oustanaula to 
 threaten the enemy's line of communication, while 
 Schofield was moving around the left flank to the 
 rear of Johnston's position. Hopes were enter- 
 tained of capturing a considerable portion of his 
 right wing, when, on the night of May loth, 
 he withdrew his army across the river, under a 
 feint by his centre. About midnight he moved 
 his lines forward, as if intending an assault of our 
 works, on the left of the Fourteenth Corps, when 
 a fearful cannonading commenced, which shook 
 the earth and indicated the progress of a terrible 
 battle. This was accompanied by the continuous 
 roll of musketry, denoting the engagement of the 
 infantry in our works with the advancing lines of 
 the enemy. For more than an hour the roar and 
 rattle continued, accompanied by the yelling and 
 cheering of the troops. Of all the terrible scenes
 
 BATTLE OF RESACA. 195 
 
 presented upon the vast theatre of war, nothing is 
 more awfully impressive than a battle at midnight. 
 A feeling of inexpressible awe was produced by 
 the events of that last night at Resaca. 
 
 Morning came, revealing the fact that Johnston 
 had made good use of the night in removing his 
 army across the Oustanaula, and immediate pur- 
 suit was ordered. General Dodge had not effected 
 the design for which he was ordered across the 
 river, having met resistance in his effort to reach 
 the railroad, which he was unable to overcome. 
 Johnston, therefore, was enabled to retreat in good 
 order, with all his munitions of war. The last 
 train from Resaca was on the point of leaving the 
 depot, when a portion of the Twenty-sixth Illinois, 
 deployed as skirmishers, entered the town, and 
 nearly succeeded in effecting its capture. The 
 train moved across the river, and the bridge was 
 immediately fired and destroyed. Resaca was 
 ours, and fairly won, but the enemy had escaped. 
 
 The army was at once put in motion, the right 
 wing crossing the river at the ferry below Resaca, 
 and camping, on the night of the 16th, on the 
 Rome road west of Calhouu, while the centre fol- 
 lowed the Hue of Johnston's retreat. Bate's Divi- 
 sion of rebel cavalry formed the right flank of the 
 retreating army, in advance of our right wing. 
 During the 17th the rear of this force was con- 
 stantly kept in view of our advance, and some
 
 196 YICKSBURO TO RALEIGH. 
 
 skirmishing occurred during the day, causing oc- 
 casional halts. A brisk engagement between 
 Wood's Division of the Fourth Corps and the 
 rear guard of the enemy took place late in the 
 afternoon of the 17th. 
 
 On the 18th the right wing reached Adairsville, 
 forming a junction with the Fourth Corps, under 
 command of Major General Howard, whose ad- 
 vance skirmished with the enemy at this place in 
 the morning. At Adairsville we again diverged 
 from the main line of retreat pursued by Johnston, 
 and moved through a wild and rugged region for 
 a distance of five miles, emerging, through a nar- 
 row gap, into a cultivated dale of great beauty. 
 A large plantation, bearing the name of " Wood- 
 land," and owned by a wealthy Englishman, who 
 claimed British citizenship, lay embowered in the 
 midst of a vast region of country similar to that 
 through which we had passed. Barnsley's resi- 
 dence was an elegant mansion, though not entirely 
 finished, and the grounds surpassed in magnifi- 
 cence all we had ever seen. Flowers in infinite 
 variety, cooling shades, and refreshing fountains 
 adorned this lovely spot, in striking contrast with 
 the barrenness that surrounded it. Here a skir- 
 mish had occurred during the day, in which 
 Colonel Earle, of the Second Georgia Cavalry, 
 was killed. "We camped on the plantation, and 
 made free use of the fences for fuel : and whatever
 
 BATTLE OF RESACA. 197 
 
 else was found convenient was summarily disposed 
 of. From accounts found in the mansion it seem- 
 ed that this man had amassed his fortune by long 
 continued pursuit of trade in cotton at Savannah, 
 whence he had retired to this secluded vale to 
 enjoy the benefits of his vast wealth. At that dis- 
 tance in the interior, he had adorned his grounds 
 with the beauties of nature and art, and to give a 
 foreign air to the place, he had collected a hetero- 
 geneous mass of ragged rocks from the sea-shore 
 of distant lands, and placed them in his grounds 
 to set off the cultured beauty of this country resi- 
 dence of an aristocratic Englishman. Again we 
 almost forgot the sad scenes of war, in the midst 
 of this blooming paradise. 
 
 In the skirmish that had occurred here, Wilder's 
 Brigade of cavalry, consisting of the Fourth 
 Michigan, Seventeenth and Seventy-second In- 
 diana, and Ninety-eighth Illinois, was compelled 
 to retire before a superior force of the enemy, 
 nearly two hundred of the Fourth Michigan being 
 captured. The rebel Colonel Earle was killed at 
 the first fire, on leading his regiment forward. 
 
 On the 19th we resumed the march and reached 
 Kingston, where we remained till the 28th. A 
 skirmish also took place here on that morning, re- 
 sulting in a loss to the enemy of eighty men, 
 killed and wounded, ours being very slight. 
 Kingston is fifty-nine miles from Atlanta, twenty
 
 198 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. . ' 
 
 from Rome, and seventy-nine from Chattanooga, 
 by railroad. In reaching this place, from the latter 
 point, we had marched about eighty-five miles. 
 The enemy had been forced back fifty miles in less 
 than two weeks, and was still retreating toward 
 Atlanta. Our success was encouraging, and 
 vigorous efforts were in progress for the further 
 prosecution of the campaign. The occupation of 
 Rome, by Davis' Division of the Fourteenth 
 Corps, was coincident with our arrival at King- 
 ston. The enemy retired beyond the Etowah, 
 burning the bridges, except one at Kingston, over 
 which the right wing crossed. Thomas advanced 
 the centre to the river, at the railroad crossing, 
 and the left occupied a position above. The army 
 paused to await the arrival of supplies, the railroad 
 being already repaired from Resaca. 
 
 On the 23d the pursuit was resumed, the right 
 wing crossing the fertile valley, of the Etowah, 
 trampling under foot the rich harvests designed t3 
 feed the rebel army, and entered a broad belt of 
 pine forest, from which we emerged late in the 
 afternoon, and camped on the Eulaula Creek. 
 The following day we moved through Van Wert, 
 the former capital of Polk County, and camped 
 among the pines, on a flinty, barren soil, and 
 reached Pumpkin Vine Creek, on the 25th. The 
 enemy was again in position, at Dallas, to resist 
 our progress, and disposition of our forces was
 
 BATTLE OF RESACA. 199 
 
 made for offensive operations. On the morning 
 of the 25th the troops moved forward, leaving our 
 Brigade to guard the train of the Division, with 
 which we followed in the evening, occupying the 
 entire night in reaching Dallas, where we arrived 
 at eight o'clock A. M., May 27th.
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 BATTLE OF DALLAS. 
 
 The enemy held a strongly fortified position at 
 this place, awaiting attack. The general disposi- 
 tion of our forces was the same as at liesaea, ex- 
 cept that the Fifteenth Corps held the right, the 
 Sixteenth Corps being on our left. The Fourth 
 Division occupied the extreme right, connecting 
 with the Second Division on the left. Heavy 
 skirmishing was in progress on the right, on our 
 arrival, and the wounded were coming into hos- 
 pital rapidly. During the evening the Brigade 
 went into position, on the right of the line, and 
 threw up defenses at the edge of a large field, for 
 the protection of the right flank. Morning found 
 us well fortified to resist attack. 
 
 During the 28th the enemy assumed the offen- 
 sive, opening with a fearful cannonading, succeed- 
 ed by a fierce charge. The shrieking of the shells 
 above our heads caused a panic among the non- 
 combatants and negroes, who fled in consternation
 
 BATTLE OF DALLAS. 201 
 
 to the rear. Fortunately the enemy got too long 
 range for efficiency, and the shells passed us be- 
 fore bursting. The reserve skirmish post in front 
 of the Regiment was made a special object, and 
 the missiles burst on all sides, covering the skir- 
 mishers with dust, but injuring none. All watch- 
 ed the point with intense interest, anxious for the 
 safety of their comrades, thus exposed to the direct 
 aim of the enemy. 
 
 Soon the storm of iron hail was succeeded by 
 that most exciting feature of a charge, the 
 fierce and prolonged yell of the assailants. With 
 that peculiar sound that marked the battle-cry of 
 the rebels, the shout rolled along the lines, and 
 roused to the highest pitch of excitement the 
 troops in the trenches. It was in vain that they 
 were ordered to keep down, and not expose them- 
 selves to the fire of the enemy. The hand of each 
 man grasped his gun, as his eye almost leaped 
 from its socket for the first glimpse of the advanc- 
 ing foe, in the edge of the forest that skirted the 
 field. The face of a brave man, at such a moment, 
 presents a scene for the painter's eye, which can 
 nowhere else be found. There is a secret delight 
 mingled with the varied and contending thoughts 
 and emotions of that moment of suspense. Never 
 before had we so fully realized the inspiring in- 
 fluence of the hour of coming conflict; and no 
 language is adequate to express the thoughts of 
 which it was suggestive.
 
 202 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 The moment of suspense was in striking con- 
 trast with the preceding scenes, and with those 
 that succeeded. The complete picture of a charge 
 involves the thrilling terror produced hy a fearful 
 torrent of bursting shells, the intense awe resulting 
 from the sound of the human voice, rising in the 
 peculiar scale of the battle-yell and mingling with 
 the roar of artillery, the moment of solemn 
 silence that intervenes, and the mingled roar, and 
 whiz, and rattle, and clash, and yell of the ensu- 
 ing conflict. All .these combine to form a scene 
 nowhere else witnessed by mortal vision, and one 
 who has gazed upon it in all its dreadful reality 
 cannot forget the impressions produced upon the 
 mind. 
 
 The fierceness of the storm fell upon the left of 
 the Fourth Division, extending thence along the 
 line toward the left. It broke in all its fury upon 
 the Second Brigade, occupying the angle in our 
 line of works, against which the enemy rushed 
 with daring impetuosity. The First Iowa Battery, 
 which had been put in position on the skirmish 
 line, with inadequate support, fell into the hands 
 of the enemy, but was retaken after a fierce con- 
 test. Finally the struggle for the possession of 
 the works was abandoned, under the terrific fire 
 poured into the assailants from the trenches. On 
 our immediate front the rebels had not even time 
 to form their lines, after the first volley was pour- 
 ed into their ranks by the First Brigade. ~No
 
 BATTLE OF DALLAS. 203 
 
 troops could withstand such a fire; and, after re- 
 peated efforts to rally for an advance upon the 
 works, they retreated in hot haste. The rebel loss 
 in front of the Corps was estimated at two thou- 
 sand five hundred, while ours did not exceed 
 one-fifth of that number. 
 
 The left of the First Brigade suffered almost 
 equally with the Second Brigade, in consequence 
 of the ground in their front being densely 
 wooded. 
 
 But three members of the Regiment were 
 wounded in the charge. These were: Orderly 
 Sergeant Lewis Murray, Company D ; Sergeant 
 James 0. Rea, Company F, and John Shields, 
 Company C. 
 
 The operations on our left had been attended 
 with considerable loss. In the advance upon the 
 enemy's position, on the 25th, Hooker had a severe 
 engagement at New Hope Church, losing one 
 thousand eight hundred men, and gaining no" de- 
 cisive advantage. After holding his position for 
 several days, and slowly driving the enemy before 
 him, by advancing his fortified lines during the 
 night, it was decided to develop the left flank, to 
 accomplish which the Fifteenth and Sixteenth 
 Corps were ordered to be withdrawn and moved, 
 to the centre, to relieve Hooker. .At ten P. M., 
 May 29th, the right of our line was withdrawn, 
 commencing with the First Brigade, which had
 
 204 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 left the works, and was moving toward the left, 
 followed by the Second Brigade. Scarcely had 
 our Brigade moved its length, by the right flank, 
 when the enemy, having penetrated our design or 
 suspected some movement of our forces, opened 
 in front of the First Division, with his artillery, 
 immediately succeeded by the shrill yell indicative 
 of the coming charge. The necessity for prompt 
 and vigorous action was apparent, and at once the 
 order was given to about face and move at double 
 quick to the works just abandoned. The sudden 
 attack that hastened our return was speedily repuls- 
 ed, and the enemy retired to his works. But the 
 firing upon the skirmish line and the roar of artil- 
 lery continued throughout the night, rendering it 
 one of those scenes of awful sublimity forever 
 memorable. The flash of the cannon glared upon 
 our vision, and the sound reverbrated in our ears 
 during all that long night. The enemy suffered a 
 severe loss in the assault, while ours was very 
 small. 
 
 Our plans were not frustrated, but delayed. In 
 the interval of two days between this and a second 
 attempt, on the morning of June 1st, skirmishing 
 continued almost constantly. The wounded were 
 removed to the new position assigned for our 
 forces, and oa the completion of arrangements 
 our lines were withdrawn, leaving a strong skir- 
 mish line to cover the movement, which proved
 
 BATTLE OF DALLAS. 205 
 
 successful. Hooker also withdrew from his posi- 
 tion, being relieved by the right wing, and moved 
 toward the left. 
 
 The Regiment was placed on the front line, at 
 New Hope Church, the works being in close 
 proximity to those v of the enemy. On the next 
 day Morris 0. Witham, of Company C, was 
 mortally wounded, while returning from the skir- 
 mish line, and died the following day. He was a 
 noble and exemplary young man, and died cheer- 
 fully for his country, with his confidence in God 
 alone. David G. Smith, of Company D, was 
 severely wounded, and lost an arm, on the same 
 day. The Regiment was in reserve on the 3d, and 
 again in front on the 4th. Samuel "W. Titus, of 
 Company C, was wounded on the latter date. 
 
 During the night of the 4th Johnston abandon- 
 ed his position and retreated toward Marietta, in 
 consequence of the success of Hooker's movement 
 upon the left flank. Another step had been 
 made in our course toward Atlanta, and a brief 
 period of rest was again allowed the troops. This 
 also became necessary, in consequence of the con- 
 dition of our line of communications. The railroad 
 was opened only to the Etowah, the bridge being 
 still unfinished. The retreat of Johnston had 
 given us possession of the Allatooua Pass, and 
 communications would soon be opened to Ac- 
 worth, to which point General Sherman at once
 
 206 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 moved his army, employing the trains in forward- 
 ing supplies from the Etowah, while awaiting the 
 completion of the bridges on the line of railroad. 
 The right wing reached Acworth on the 6th of 
 June, and remained in camp near. that place till 
 the llth of that month. The Seventeenth Corps, 
 under Major General Blair, arrived at Acworth 
 on the 9th, with a force sufficient to supply the 
 losses incurred during the preceding month.
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 BATTLE OF KENESAW MOUNTAIN. 
 
 All was in readiness for a renewal of hostilities 
 on the llth of June, and the army was again put 
 in motion. The enemy was in position at Big 
 Shanty, and for three days held his ground, during 
 which time our lines were extended to envelop his. 
 flanks, by which he was forced to retire from his 
 defenses to Kenesaw Mountain, on the 14th. This 
 was his last available defense north of the Chatta- 
 hoochee, and he deemed it impregnable. Kenesaw 
 rises abruptly from an undulating plain to the 
 height of a thousand feet, presenting an object of 
 interest to the beholder. From its summit Atlanta 
 is plainly visible, while a vast region lies, like a 
 map, before the eye. Upon the sides and top of 
 this mountain Johnston placed his army, with his 
 flanks stretching out on the high grounds east and 
 west of it. A full view of all our operations was 
 afforded from the lofty eminence. At the foot of
 
 208 VICKSBCRQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 the mountain, and within the enemy's lines, lay the 
 beautiful city of Marietta, the most interesting 
 town in JNTorthern Georgia. 
 
 Our forces at once advanced from Big Shanty, 
 and formed their extended lines confronting the 
 enemy. On the 15th the lines of the Fifteenth 
 Corps were advanced, and the enemy was driven 
 from his outer works by a vigorous charge, with 
 slight loss on our part. A Brigade from each Divi- 
 sion participated in this engagement. The move- 
 ment was so rapid that the enemy made but feeble 
 resistance. The Regiment was engaged, and sus- 
 tained a loss of three wounded, viz : George Wil- 
 liams, of Company C, Alfred Dobbins of Com- 
 pany G, and Daniel Bolin, of Company I. 
 
 The development of the right flank, soon after 
 this event, led to the removal of the Corps to the 
 right, where a furious assault was made, on the 
 27th of June, upon the enemy in his strong posi- 
 tion. The troops engaged consisted of one Brig- 
 ade from each Division of the Fourteenth and 
 Fifteenth Corps, including Walcott's Brigade, 
 of Harrow's Division. The place selected for 
 the assault was one which, if carried, would 
 secure greater advantages than any other point 
 in the enemy's line of defense. The troops 
 formed under cover of the forest, line succeeding 
 line to the number deemed necessary, when the 
 bugle sounded the " forward." Up the steep, and
 
 BATTLE OF KENESAW MOUNTAIN. 209 
 
 on into the face of the enemy, through a destruc- 
 tive fire, the lines moved without wavering, while 
 every moment brave men we're falling by scores. 
 Never was greater bravery exhibited, but all was 
 in vain. The position was impregnable against 
 assault, and the troops gave up the unequal contest, 
 retiring in the midst of an awful storm of shot and 
 shell, having suffered heavy loss. Among those 
 who fell were the brave Harker and McCook. 
 
 No further general engagement occurred during 
 the presence of the army in front of Kenesaw. 
 Heavy skirmishing continued throughout the entire 
 period of more than three weeks, and many noble 
 men perished. The Regiment lost three men 
 killed, while at Kenesaw. Benjamin Brown, of 
 Company H, was struck by a stray ball, on the 
 morning of June 26th, while preparing his coffee 
 inside the works, and instantly killed. He was a 
 favorite in his Company, and all lamented his tragic 
 fate. John Linton, of Company K, was killed, 
 June 27th, and William H, Ely, of Company E, 
 June 28th, on the skirmish line. Both were good 
 soldiers and greatly esteemed by their comrades. 
 
 The further development of the right flank, by 
 the Twentieth and Twenty-third Corps, alarmed 
 Johnston for the safety of his communications, 
 our lines already extending far to his rear, com- 
 pelling him to form his lines of defense in the shape 
 of a horse-shoe. Our right would soon be still
 
 210 VTCKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 farther extended toward the railroad, should he 
 attempt to retain his position longer. The " great 
 flanker," as Sherman had begun to be termed, had 
 again secured the advantage, and Johnston was 
 forced to evacuate Kenesaw Mountain, which he 
 did on the night of July 3rd, retreating to the 
 Chattahoochee, at the mouth of Mckajack Creek, 
 and covering the crossing for the continuance of 
 his retreat to Atlanta. 
 
 On the 4th of July the army was in rapid pur- 
 suit of the enemy, pressing his rear closely to the 
 Chattahoochee. But Johnston's skill in retreating 
 equaled that of Sherman in flanking, and the suc- 
 cess attending the withdrawal of his army from 
 one point to another was made the theme of com- 
 ment and admiration in our camps. He usually 
 succeeded in the removal of his most valuable 
 stores and munitions of war, and kept his retreat- 
 ing columns well closed up and his rear so thor- 
 oughly guarded that stragglers were seldom found. 
 Long continued practice in running from Sherman 
 had made him master of the art of " getting off," 
 as Falstaff would have it. 
 
 It was evidently the purpose of Johnston to 
 retire within his defenses around Atlanta, and his 
 delay at the Chattahoochee was but for a few days, 
 during which the operations of the armies were 
 confined to the usual amount of skirmishing. On 
 
 O 
 
 the 12th Johnston had effected a crossing, and the
 
 BATTLE OF KENESAW MOUNTAIN. 211 
 
 army commenced the pursuit. Atlanta was just 
 before us, and from the bluffs north of the Chatta- 
 hoochee its spires were visible. 
 
 The Sixteenth and Twenty-third Corps had 
 already crossed the river, and the Fourth, Four- 
 teenth, and Twentieth were moving to the south 
 bank of the stream, leaving the Fifteenth and 
 Seventeenth Corps to cross at Roswell, and occupy 
 a position upon the left. These two Corps moved 
 via Marietta, reaching Roswell on the morning of 
 the 14th, after an exhausting march in the intense 
 heat of midsummer. Daring the afternoon of the 
 14th we crossed the Chattahoochee, having rebuilt 
 the bridge, destroyed by the enemy on his retreat. 
 At this point we remained till the 17th, fortifying 
 our position. 
 
 On the morning of July 20th the entire army 
 was in readiness for the offensive against the rebel 
 stronghold, and the forces were disposed for action. 
 In the meantime Johnston had been superseded by 
 Hood, one of his former Corps Commanders, who 
 at once inaugurated a widely different policy from 
 that pursued by his predecessor. Determined to 
 hold Atlanta, which Johnston acknowledged he 
 could not do, Hood boldly assumed the offensive, 
 and moved a strong force out of the defenses to 
 meet our advancing lines, encountering our right 
 wing under Thomas, and fiercely engaging the 
 Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps at Peach Tree
 
 212 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 Creek. The battle raged furiously, the enemy 
 charging repeatedly, meeting a severe repulse each 
 time he essayed to penetrate our lines, and finally 
 retiring from the unequal contest. In this engage- 
 ment both parties suffered severely. The weight 
 of the attack fell upon Hooker's Corps, which 
 evinced the same spirit of heroic bravery that had 
 always marked that band of noble men. Davis' 
 Division of the Fourteenth Corps was hotly en- 
 gaged, and maintained its well earned reputation. 
 
 While these events were occurring on the right, 
 our lines were formed and advanced, on the left 
 and centre, in the following order. The Army of 
 the Tennessee on the left ; the Seventeenth Corps 
 on the left flank, connecting with the Fifteenth 
 Corps on its right, and the Sixteenth Corps in 
 reserve near Decatur. The Twenty-third Corps 
 formed on the right of the Fifteenth, connecting 
 on its right with the Fourth Corps. The troops 
 were moved forward from Decatur, and formed in 
 line three miles east of Atlanta, the Fifteenth 
 Corps stretching across the railroad, and the Seven- 
 teenth on the left, while the Fourth and Twenty- 
 third Corps formed an irregular arc of a circle, to 
 the north of Atlanta, where the right wing was 
 engaged with the enemy. 
 
 The First Division of the Fifteenth Corps en- 
 trenched on the right of the railroad ; the Second 
 Division held a position on both sides of the road ;
 
 BATTLE OF KENESAW MOUNTAIN. 213 
 
 and the Fourth Division was posted on the left of 
 the Corps, the First Brigade being on the right. 
 
 The great object of the campaign was before us ; 
 but at the gates of the citadel was a watchful 
 enemy. A great work remained to be accom- 
 plished before we could enter the " Gate City." 
 We were upon the eve of great events, and under 
 the new policy inaugurated by Hood the utmost 
 vigilance was requisite to guard every point of 
 our extended lines against assault.
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 BATTLE OF ATLANTA. 
 
 On the morning of July 22d it was ascertained 
 that the enemy had retired from his fortified posi- 
 tion in our front. The skirmishers advanced into 
 the suburbs of Atlanta, and our lines were also 
 advanced to the works vacated by the enemy, 
 which were soon reversed and strengthened. 
 Some new movement of our rash antagonist was 
 evidently in progress, but of its nature we could 
 gather no information. General Sherman, how- 
 ever, penetrated Hood's design, and the appear- 
 ance of the enemy upon our left flank was 
 coincident with the extension of our lines, by the 
 prompt movement of the Sixteenth Corps from its 
 reserve position. No time was allowed for throw- 
 ing up defenses. The rebels pushed forward and 
 engaged the newly formed lines, evidently disap- 
 pointed to find our flank protected by so large a
 
 BATTLE OF ATLANTA. 215 
 
 force, at the same time assaulting the works of the 
 Seventeenth Corps with great impetuosity. The 
 roar and din of hattle raged along the lines from 
 Decatur to the right of the Seventeenth Corps. 
 
 Unfortunately, in the formation of the lines of 
 the Sixteenth Corps, a gap was left at its right, 
 into which General McPherson rode, with his 
 staff, in superintending the disposition of the 
 troops, and before he was aware of the position, 
 the rebel line advanced, preceded by the skirmish- 
 ers. Before he could escape he was fired upon, 
 one of the shots taking effect in his body and an- 
 other in his horse. He fell lifeless from his saddle, 
 and the horse sped riderless to the rear. The 
 news of his death was not made known to the 
 troops till the next day, and for a time was known 
 only in official circles. The announcement of his 
 death disturbed even the equanimity of General 
 Sherman, from whose presence he had departed 
 but a short time previous. Instantly recovering 
 from the momentary shock produced by the sad 
 event, he issued orders to General Logan to as- 
 sume command of the Army of the Tennessee 
 and direct the movement of the troops. 
 
 The pressure upon our lines had now become so 
 great that they were forced to yield on the left, 
 the Sixteenth Corps falling back steadily, contest- 
 ing every inch of ground manfully. The contest 
 raged in aggravated fierceness along the lines of
 
 216 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 the Seventeenth Corps, the enemy pressing upon 
 and leaping over the works, when the occupants, 
 refusing to yield, leaped upon the other side and 
 continued an almost hopeless resistance with super- 
 human valor. Blood flowed in torrents, both 
 parties sustaining severe losses, that of the enemy 
 being fearful to contemplate, as viewed after the 
 battle. 
 
 Such forces as could be spared from the lines 
 were ordered from the Fifteenth Corps to the 
 scene of conflict, and moved forward as rapidly 
 as possible to stem the tide of battle that threat- 
 ened to involve the entire Army of the Tennessee 
 in rout and ruin. The lines of the Twenty-third 
 Corps were weakened to afford assistance, and by 
 the most desperate efforts the enemy was finally 
 forced from the field, leaving large numbers of his 
 dead and wounded, with a thousand prisoners, in 
 our hands. Our loss had been severe in killed and 
 wounded, and a number at least equal to those 
 captured by our troops fell into the hands of the 
 enemy. 
 
 In the midst of the conflict the Division Hospi- 
 tals in the rear were suddenly ordered to remove 
 to a place of safety, and a scene of activity was 
 presented such as we had never witnessed before. 
 In half an hour after receipt of the order, the sick 
 and wounded, and all the hospital equipage were 
 en route to the rear of the centre.
 
 BATTLE OF ATLANTA. 217 
 
 Failing to turn our left flank, Hood next at- 
 tempted to penetrate the lines of the Fifteenth 
 Corps. The line immediately on the left of the 
 railroad had been weakened, and a gap left for the 
 entrance of the enemy at that point. 
 
 The result of this blunder was disastrous to the 
 left of Smith's Division and the right of Harrow's. 
 Like a gate upon its hinges, the line was turned 
 from the works by an enfilading fire from, the 
 flanking column, constantly strengthened by the 
 force advancing from the front and pouring over 
 the works abandoned by our lines. Thus Smith's 
 Division was driven from the entrenchments, and 
 De Grasse's Battery of 20-pounder Barrott guns 
 fell into the hands of the enemy. The same fate 
 befell the First Brigade of Harrow's Division, 
 commencing with our Regiment, which was forced 
 from the works by companies. ' The Brigade was 
 rallied, and a charge made for the re-occupation of 
 the line, but not being supported by the troops on 
 the right the works could not be held. 
 
 On the second withdrawal of our line, the 
 Second Brigade, having repulsed the assault in 
 their front, formed in line at a right angle with 
 the works, with a portion of the command, open- 
 ed an enfilading fire upon the enemy's lines, and 
 checked the Advance of the flanking column, 
 while the battery, to the left, poured in a storm 
 of shells that forced the foe to retire from the 
 K
 
 218 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 ground, leaving our works to be re-occupied 
 without opposition. 
 
 In the desperate struggle of the 22d of July 
 Hood sustained a loss of not less than ten thou- 
 sand, in killed, wounded and prisoners, while ours 
 did not exceed four thousand. Many brave 
 officers and men sealed with their blood their 
 devotion to their country. But none was so much 
 lamented by the army at large as our beloved 
 commander, Major General James B. McPherson. 
 The cheers with which Generals Sherman and 
 Logan were received the next day, as they rode 
 along the lines, were tempered with sincere sorrow 
 for the loss of one whom all loved. His eulogy 
 is already written in the hearts of the brave men 
 who followed him to battle, and who now cherish 
 his memory as a precious treasure. Nor did the 
 army under his command alone lament his death. 
 All felt that a great and good man had been offer- 
 ed upon the altar of his country, in a sacred 
 cause; and the news of General McPherson's 
 death carried sorrow to thousands of homes in 
 which his services had been gratefully appreciated. 
 He rests in the soil of the old homestead in Ohio, 
 and under the shade of the orchard trees beneath 
 which he passed the hours of his boyhood. In 
 peace let him rest, for his is an undying fame. 
 
 The following list of casualties in the Regiment 
 includes all occuring up to this date in front of 
 Atlanta :
 
 BATTLE OF ATLANTA. 219 
 
 Company A Killed : John A. Daughters, 
 Richard Doyle. Wounded: Frank F. Shaw. 
 Captured: John G. Little, James N". Reynolds, 
 Edward Richardson, Thomas Stewart. 
 
 Company C Wounded : Jacob Beekman, 
 George lledrick, Elias B. Reniker, John Scott, 
 William II. Stewart. Captured : John Barton. 
 
 Company D Killed : Robert T. Little, Harvey 
 E. Scott. Wounded: Richard M. Cloud. Cap- 
 tured : Sergeant David Laing, William H. Cook, 
 William C. Comer. 
 
 Company E Captured : Sergeant Hiram A. L. 
 Green, William Bray, John Donovan, Jesse 
 Frances, Harrison B. Heiner, Robert Ilardwick, 
 Hezekiah K. Linthicum, Thomas B. Poe, Jefferson 
 Rains, Thomas E. Williams. 
 
 Company F Killed: Corporal Lawrence Parks, 
 Jesse J. Jordan. Wounded: Peter H. Walton. 
 Captured : William H. Bowen, Baanah T. Birt, 
 Ephraim Behner, John McKeehan, William- R. 
 McGinley. 
 
 Company G Killed : Archibald Gardner, 
 James W. Moulden. Wounded: James Lister, 
 died October 2d ; Amos Rash. Captured : Cap- 
 tain James Huston, First Lieutenant Robert Al- 
 font, Corporal Elijah Lunsford, Corporal Dezra 
 Schroy, John Cottrell, James Dunham, Joseph 
 Shaffer. 
 
 Company H Wounded : Benjamin Cohee, 
 died August 25th. Captured: Corporal William
 
 220 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 C. Roland, George Ammons, Robert Chandler. 
 Wounded : William Gale, Huston Jones, James 
 M. Lunsford, John A. Robertson, John T. Ro- 
 bertson, Jesse Vanzant, died at Florence, S. C., 
 February 14th, 1865. 
 
 Company I Wounded: Second Lieutenant 
 James H. Weaver, died August 25th; Joseph 
 Wedrick. Captured : Zenas M. Hines, died at 
 Millen, Ga., November 3d. 
 
 Company K Wounded : Isaiah Coleman, 
 Samuel Musser, Richard Reed, died August 8th. 
 Captured: First Lieutenant John M. Godown, 
 Sergeant Horace B. Franklin, Sergeant Lucius T. 
 Barbour, Corporal Stephen W. Chase, James W. 
 Fitzgerald, Henry C. Gillespie, died in prison; 
 John W. Jones, George Meyer. 
 
 Lieutenant Weaver was shot through the body, 
 on retiring from the field. He was conveyed to 
 one of the adjacent skirmish pits, when the ap- 
 proach of the enemy compelled his attendants to 
 leave him. On re-occupying the works he was 
 conveyed to hospital. After three days of intense 
 suffering, he died as he had lived, commending 
 himself and family to the care of Him in whose 
 hand are all the issues of life. 
 
 Harvey E. Scott was shot through the lower jaw 
 and tongue, preventing all utterance. When re- 
 moved to the hospital we found him in great 
 suffering, which nothing but death could alleviate. 
 The scene presented on that night will never be
 
 BATTLE OF ATLANTA. 221 
 
 forgotten. Amid the dead and dying, at the mid- 
 night hour, we searched for familiar faces, and on 
 finding Harvey E. Scott, already suffocating from 
 the swollen and mutilated member, he threw his 
 arms affectionately around us, in token of his 
 gratitude for this last visitation. Who shall 
 describe the deep feelings of the heart, aroused by 
 that strong embrace of the dying man ! All the 
 deep yearnings of the soul for loved ones far away 
 were expressed in that one moment. Soon after 
 he passed away, a noble sacrifice for his country. 
 
 Lawrence Parks was struck five times, while 
 attempting to rally his comrades, as they retired 
 the last time. Two of the wounds were mortal, 
 and he died on the field during the night, kindly 
 and lovingly attended by his afflicted brother, and 
 calmly passed down into the valley of death. At 
 the midnight hour he was committed to rest on the 
 field of battle. 
 
 James "W. Moulden and Archibald Gardner 
 were also buried in the stillness of that solemn 
 night, with a brief funeral service. Such scenes 
 will linger in memory while life shall last, as the 
 most impressive of all' the sad events of the war. 
 Peace be to the memory of those noble men who 
 perished on that memorable day.
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 BATTLE OF EZRA CHURCH. 
 
 A period of inactivity followed the engagement 
 of July 22nd, both armies being in need of repose 
 after the fierce conflict. The enemy had failed in 
 the accomplishment of his object, in turning our 
 flank and compelling us to retreat. Having fallen 
 fiercely upon both flanks he had found a vigilant 
 foe, who would not yield before his impetuous 
 assaults. Yet he had rendered the further exten- 
 sion of our lines to the left impracticable, and 
 General Sherman again resorted to his favorite 
 plan of developing the least exposed flank. He 
 therefore ordered the withdrawal of the entire left 
 wing of the army, for the extension of the right 
 flank. This movement was effected during the 
 26th and 27th of July, the Army of the Tennessee 
 moving to the rear and right of the entire line, and 
 forming on the right of Hooker, on the 28th. 
 
 Major General 0. 0. Howard was assigned to com- 
 mand the Army of the Tennessee, at which General
 
 BATTLE OF EZRA CHURCH. 223 
 
 Hooker was incensed, and asked to be relieved 
 from command of the Twentieth Corps. His 
 request was granted ; and Major General Williams 
 succeeded him in command. Brigadier General 
 William H. Hazen superseded General Smith in 
 command of the Second Division Fifteenth Corps, 
 at the same time. 
 
 The enemy, ever watchful for his flanks, per- 
 ceived the design of the pending movement, and 
 concentrated a strong force upon his left, for the 
 protection of his communications, which would be 
 endangered by the development of our right flank 
 unopposed. The Sixteenth Corps had got into 
 position on the right of the Twentieth, and the 
 Seventeenth Corps on its right, while the Fifteenth 
 Corps, in conjunction with Davis' Division of the 
 Fourteenth Corps, was moving upon the extreme 
 right. At this juncture the enemy threw his 
 columns upon our flank, Harrow's Division receiv- 
 ing the shock of the first assault. Davis had lost 
 his course, and wandered so far to the right that 
 his appearance on the flank for our protection was 
 delayed ; and the enemy surged like a vast wave 
 upon our lines, as they were advancing over a 
 narrow ridge covered with a belt of forest, with an 
 open field stretching away to the right. Time 
 was precious, and the few moments preceding the 
 appearance of the enemy, on the opposite side of 
 the field, were well improved in throwing up a
 
 224 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 barricade of rails, and in digging a small trench 
 with no other tools than the bayonets and tin 
 plates of the men. It was surprising to see how 
 quickly this temporary defense was erected with 
 the means at command. As the rebel line came 
 forward, pressing back our skirmishers in hot 
 haste, the troops seized their guns and assumed 
 their places behind the rude works, pouring a 
 destructive fire into the advancing lines, which 
 still moved on, as if invulnerable, in the awful 
 storm of balls that fell like rain in their midst. 
 Line after line, they confidently pressed across the 
 field, yelling like demons, and firing as they came. 
 Reaching the cluster of pines, in which our lines 
 were formed, the fire of our troops became more 
 effective, and further progress was impossible. A 
 few defiant men pushed on till they fell beside the 
 "barricade, but the lines paused, wavered, and then 
 broke in confusion, the scattered fugitives flying, 
 amidst a shower of bullets, to the cover of the 
 woods and rising ground beyond the field. 
 
 But failure was not defeat; and a fresh force 
 quickly advanced to renew the attack. In front 
 and in flank they came, like an avalanche, bearing 
 destruction before them. The direct assault was 
 met and checked, but our flank was endangered. 
 At this juncture the veterans of Walcott's Brigade 
 appeared on the right, arid those noble heroes of 
 the Sixth Iowa and Fortieth Illinois met the awful
 
 BATTLE OF EZRA CHURCH. 225 
 
 shock with their characteristic valor. Officers and 
 men went down in the conflict. Friend and foe 
 found a gory bed in close proximity ; but still the 
 storm of battle raged above them. At this excit- 
 ing moment the voice of our brave leader was 
 heard, above the din of battle, as General Logan 
 rode up, waving his hat high in air, his face wear- 
 ing an aspect of ferocity that no language can 
 describe. The music of that voice for what is 
 more inspiring to a brave man in close grapple 
 with an armed foe than the stirring notes of com- 
 mand from a tried and trusted leader fell upon 
 the ears of as brave men as ever met a foe, and 
 nerved them to more desperate deeds of valor, 
 while a cheer rung back the echo of the voice 
 urging them on. Nothing could withstand the 
 combined influence of that battle-cry and the 
 furious onset that succeeded. In dismay the rebels 
 fled before the fierceness of the storm, and the tide 
 of battle had * reached its highest point. The 
 struggle was not yet ended. But, with our flanks 
 secure, the enemy essayed in vain to penetrate the 
 lines. Charge after charge succeeded, and the 
 whole front of Harrow's Division was a continuous 
 blaze of fire from thousands of rifles, the guns 
 becoming so heated as almost to ignite the powder. 
 Perhaps no severer engagement, with mere 
 musketry duration of conflict and numbers en- 
 gaged in the defense considered occurred during
 
 226 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 the war than that at Ezra Church, on the 28th of 
 July. During the period occupied in seven suc- 
 cessive charges of the enemy, the Twenty-sixth 
 Illinois fired forty thousand rounds of ammuni- 
 tion, and other regiments, doubtless, in like pro- 
 portion. The Twelfth Indiana, excepting Com- 
 panies G and K, was held in reserve, and supplied 
 the troops in line with ammunition, and the men 
 employed in supplying the Twenty -sixth Illinois, 
 testified to the fact above stated. In evidence of 
 the fierceness of the fire it is only necessary to state 
 that many of the small pines, several inches in 
 diameter, were cut off by the bullets in front of 
 that regiment, and at other points along the line 
 where the pines intervened between the works 
 and the open field. Prisoners also testified to the 
 fearful intensity of the fire, which exceeded all 
 they had ever witnessed. Before such a resistance 
 the bravest troops that ever marched must have 
 fled, and the persistence of the enemy in the face 
 of such a fire evinced the sublimest courage, which 
 was worthy of a nobler cause. 
 
 The frequent repetition of the charge also in- 
 dicated the character of the new rebel commander, 
 which failed to secure the respect and confidence 
 of his army that Johnston had so largely shared. 
 This was apparent from remarks made by pris- 
 oners, who, when inquiries were made of them 
 respecting their strength, replied, " We have
 
 BATTLE OF EZRA CHURCH. 227 
 
 enough for about two more killings," referring to 
 the great slaughter of their troops on the recent 
 occasions of Hood's desperate assaults on our lines. 
 But he at last learned wisdom, after having lost 
 not less than fifteen thousand men in the three 
 engagements before Atlanta, July 20th, 22d and 
 28th. He never again tried the experiment, till, 
 forgetting the lesson lie had learned at Atlanta, he 
 repeated his efforts at Franklin and Nashville, in 
 December following. 
 
 The scene presented the ensuing day on that 
 ensanguined field, like that of the 22d, was fear- 
 ful to contemplate. The entire absence of artil- 
 lery in the engagement rendered the shock of 
 battle far less apparent in the forests between and 
 in rear of the lines than on other fields. But the 
 piles of dead along the whole line evinced the 
 severe losses the enemy had sustained. Under 
 cover of the ensuing night most of the slightly and 
 severely wounded escaped, or were removed from 
 the field, our pickets being posted near our own 
 lines, those of a dangerous character only being 
 left on the field. But large numbers of those 
 wounded in close proximity to our works were 
 conveyed to hospital, where many died. Hood's 
 loss in this engagement must have reached three 
 thousand, while ours was less than five hundred. 
 The severest loss was sustained by both parties on 
 the right, where the contest raged for the turning
 
 228 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH." 
 
 of our flank, the only chance of success on the 
 part of the enemy. At this point ninety of the 
 rebel dead were buried in one grave. The appear- 
 ance of these bodies, gathered for burial on the 
 day after the battle, was horrible in the extreme. 
 Exposed to the heat of midsummer, during all 
 that long day, the blackened and bloated forms of 
 officers, of all ranks, and men were arranged hi 
 long rows for burial, while the progress of decom- 
 position had so far advanced that our soldiers 
 could not endure the infected atmosphere, and a 
 detail of colored pioneers was assigned to duty 
 on the field. The scenes witnessed on these two 
 battle-fields before Atlanta surpassed all that we 
 had previously witnessed, and nothing was after- 
 ward seen to compare with them in sickening 
 details. 
 
 The Regiment lost one man killed, and six 
 slightly wounded. Lieutenant John H. Waters, 
 of Company A, was mortally wounded on return- 
 ing to the works from the skirmish line, in the 
 commencement of the action. He was a brave 
 and noble-hearted man, and his loss was lamented 
 by his numerous friends, as a deep personal afflic- 
 tion. He was a genial and true friend, an affec- 
 tionate husband and father, and a faithful officer. 
 His body was brought from the field after the 
 battle and buried near the works. The following
 
 BATTLE OF EZRA CHURCH. 229 
 
 members of the regiment were wounded: Ser- 
 geant John D. Clark, and James K. P. Franklin, 
 Company A ; Samuel Dickey and Thomas Irelan, 
 Company D ; William II. Andrew, Company E ; 
 and Sergeant James A. McDowell, Company 1C 
 
 The removal of the Army of the Tennessee to 
 the right was succeeded by the .withdrawal of the 
 remainder of the Fourteenth, and the Twenty- 
 third Corps, which also took new positions on our 
 right, leaving the Fourth Corps upon the left flank. 
 Thus about six miles of our lines had been aban- 
 doned on the east of Atlanta, uncovering the 
 Georgia Railroad, which had been thoroughly 
 destroyed as far east as Covington, rendering its 
 use impossible for months to come. The exten- 
 sion of our right flank was designed to cut the 
 enemy's only remaining line of communication, 
 via Macon, but Hood always kept that line well 
 covered whenever we advanced or extended our 
 lines, and the ultimate result of our operations 
 began to appear doubtful to those of a despondant 
 tendency. 
 
 Not a few predicted the failure of the campaign, 
 and the retreat, if not the defeat of our noble 
 army, under its no less noble commander, whose 
 fame had been created for him by the troops he 
 had so long led to certain victory. None knew 
 better than General Sherman that failure now 
 would forever obliterate his greatness, as he so
 
 230 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 truthfully remaked at Savannah, on a subsequent 
 occasion. But he was not seeking honor or fame. 
 He was an earnest man intensely active in the pursuit 
 of a noble object. Next to his family he loved the 
 army with whom he fought for the suppression of 
 rebellion, and of its success he entertained no 
 doubts. While those in the valley below, shut out 
 from a view of the great map of operations, thought 
 clouds of darkness were flitting ominously over the 
 scene, he saw, from his lofty elevation, the almost 
 certain attainment of the object before him. The 
 resources of military genius were not yet exhaust- 
 ed, and delay was not to him even disappointment, 
 much less defeat. Like his sole military superior 
 in rank, with more of a nervous temperament, he 
 had a strong confidence in ultimate triumph, which 
 made him invincible, and which had prompted the 
 terse declaration of Grant at Spottsylvania Court 
 House. " I shall fight it out on this line, if it takes 
 all the summer." Sherman, too, was on his line, 
 which had Atlanta for its first important point of 
 direction, and if he could not reach it from the 
 east, north, or west, he would strike from the 
 south, and compel its abandonment, as he eventu- 
 ally did at Jonesboro. 
 
 As a last resort, a strong cavalry force was order- 
 ed to move from different points, for the destruction 
 of the enemy's communications to the south. Ow- 
 ing to the impossibility of providing for all the
 
 BATTLE OF EZRA CHURCH. 231 
 
 contingencies of a cavalry expedition to the rear of 
 a vigilant foe, the plan was not successful ; the two 
 main commands failing to effect a junction as con- 
 templated, and the duty assigned proving too 
 great for one of them to accomplish unaided. 
 General Stoneman advanced to Macon, where he 
 found a superior force of the enemy, and was 
 forced to retire, in effecting which he was inter- 
 cepted and captured, with a large portion of his 
 command, the remainder being badly scattered 
 and rendered wholly inefficient for offense, and 
 scarcely capable of defense against the active ene- 
 my. The other column accomplished nothing of 
 essential value, and but one alternative was left to 
 General Sherman, which he subsequently adopted, 
 forcing the enemy to retire, by a well executed 
 movement .upon his rear at Jonesboro. 
 
 The record of events during the month of August 
 is full of interest, but a few items only will be 
 noticed. Our lines were twice advanced, under a 
 severe fire from the enemy's skirmish lines. The 
 Regiment lost a number of men on these several 
 occasions, whose names appear in the annexed list. 
 On the 17th of August Sergeant William B. Man- 
 kin, of Company F, volunteered to lead a small 
 party, for the capture of a skirmish post from which 
 the fire had been almost constant and very annoy- 
 ing. The point was carried, with the loss of two 
 of the assailants, "William Shaffer, of Company G,
 
 232 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 and David Vanskike, of Company II, as brave men 
 as the Regiment could boast. The former was 
 brought from the field, but the fate of the latter was 
 never known. He was doubtless killed, having 
 frequently declared that he would never be taken 
 prisoner. But the bravery of the heroic band was 
 displayed in vain. The enemy re-occupied the 
 position, and held it during our continuance at 
 that place. The following is a summary of the 
 events of this period : 
 
 July 28th Jeremiah Trotter, of Company H, died at Division 
 Hospital, of disease ; Henry D. Shaw, of Company K, also died 
 on the 30th. 
 
 August 1st Wounded: Samuel Dickey, Company D, died on 
 the 3rd ; Henry H. Bayliff, Company E, died on the 4th. 
 
 August 3rd Killed: Peter Meyers and Christian Rosensteel, 
 Company I, Amos Wilson, Company G, ; Wounded : Edwin B. 
 John, Company D, Lewis Runyon, Company II, Joseph 0. Yount, 
 Company I, died on the 21st. William Curnutt, of Company E, 
 died on the 4th, from exhaustion during the battle of July 28th. 
 
 August 6th Wounded: Serjeant Elihu W. Holeman, Com- 
 pany H. 
 
 August 9th Killed: Hospital Steward Francis H. Martin. 
 His loss was deplored most of all by Dr. Taylor, to whom his 
 services were almost invaluable. The vacancy created by his 
 death was never filled. Ellis Hughes, of Company K, was 
 wounded the same day. 
 
 August 13th Wounded: Corporal Jeremiah Kreiter, Com- 
 pany I. 
 
 August 15th Killed: William Thomas, Company G. 
 
 August 17th Killed: William Shaffer, Company G, David 
 Vanskike, Company H. 
 
 August 18th Wounded: Henry Tracy, Company K, died on 
 the 21st.
 
 BATTLE OF EZRA CHURCH. 233 
 
 During this period Dr. Lomax, was in charge of 
 Division Hospital. 
 
 Several hundred patients were admitted for 
 treatment, thirty of whom died. A large propor- 
 tion were sent to Marietta and admitted to General 
 Hospital. 
 
 Chaplain Massey, of the Fortieth Illinois, was 
 requested, by Dr. Lomax, to take general supervi- 
 sion of the work of removal, in connection with 
 the arrangement of new accommodations for the 
 constantly increasing list of sick men from the 
 front. In this capacity he rendered himself very 
 useful. In the removal of the sick and wounded 
 to Marietta, he, on one occasion, ordered two of the 
 best ambulances to be reserved for four Colonels, 
 marked on the ward list " Col." Knowing 
 that there was a rebel Lieutenant Colonel of the 
 Forty-sixth Tennessee in the officers' ward, who 
 had been severely wounded and brought from the 
 field on the 28th of July, and supposing that some 
 of our own officers of that rank, then in hospital, 
 were to go to the rear, he first attended to the 
 wounded and sick soldiers. On making inquiry 
 for the four Colonels, he was informed by the 
 ward-master that " Col." indicated colored men. 
 The joke was a good one upon the Chaplain, but 
 better yet upon the rebel Lieutenant Colonel, who 
 was assigned a place in one of the ambulances reserv- 
 ed for the wounded pioneers. It was a long time
 
 234 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH.' 
 
 before the Chaplain heard the last of his " four 
 Colonels." 
 
 Among the numerous cases of singular interest 
 were two of remarkable preservation from instant 
 death. One of these was that of a member of the 
 Seventieth Ohio who was shot in the works, and 
 supposed to be mortally wounded. He fell sense- 
 less in the trenches, and his companions searched 
 in vain for the least trace of a wound. On his 
 recovery from the shock produced by the bullet, 
 he took from his coat pocket a large sized Testa- 
 ment, which covered his left breast and the region 
 of the heart. Imbedded in the book, with the 
 point resting upon the fifth verse, in the third chap- 
 ter of Revelations, the bullet was found. The 
 Testament had been given to him by his wife on 
 leaving home, and his promise to read it had been 
 violated. Now it had been the means of saving his 
 life, and on being brought into the hospital he 
 showed the book to his companions, and declared 
 he would take no price for the precious memento. 
 He was deeply impressed by the text pointed oat 
 by the bullet of the enemy, and by his request 
 Chaplain Bundy preached a sermon from the 
 words. The book saved his life, and its precious 
 promises led him to seek the more important sal- 
 vation offered to sinful men. 
 
 Another case of interest was that of a soldier of 
 the Forty-eighth Illinois, who was struck in the
 
 BATTLE OF EZRA CHURCH. 235 
 
 forehead by a ball, which pierced the head to the 
 depth of two inches ; yet the bullet could not be 
 found, after the closest examination. The man 
 rode to the hospital, in excellent spirits, sitting 
 on the box with the driver, telling us he was 
 going home on a furlough, which he actually did 
 accomplish after reaching Marietta. 
 
 Many other incidents of thrilling interest might 
 be added, did space permit. The scenes of suf- 
 fering presented in the hospitals along our extended 
 lines was one full of harrowing details which will 
 long be remembered. 
 
 In this connection the unselfish and sacrificing 
 labors of that noble woman, Mrs. Eliza E. George, 
 of Fort Wayne, must not be omitted. Of all the 
 patriotic women of the land none is more worthy 
 of a monument of praise than this philanthropic 
 Christian lady and soldier's friend. She has since 
 died at the post of duty to which she was called 
 and urged by Christian charity. In the long list 
 of names rendered sacred in the record of Indiana, 
 during the great conflict, no woman will occupy a 
 more conspicuous place than Mrs. George. As 
 the dispensing agent of the Indiana Sanitary 
 Commission she braved the dangers of the battle- 
 field, and moved calm as the tried warrior among 
 the bursting shells. Her soft and gentle tread, 
 with her soothing voice and maternal tenderness 
 for the sick and wounded in hospital, fell like the
 
 236 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 far-off music of home upon the hearts of brave 
 men, suffering from wounds and disease. During 
 the latter part of July, through the sultry month 
 of August, and till the campaign closed in triumph 
 m September, this excellent woman remained with 
 the Fourth Division Hospital, ministering to the 
 suffering of every State alike. Thousands of bless- 
 ings descended upon her head, and. many noble 
 men were made stronger in the hour of affliction 
 by her kindness* The delicacies afforded them 
 from the stores of the Indiana Sanitary Commis- 
 sion were welcome luxuries to men enfeebled by 
 disease and wounds. Of her it may truly be said, 
 as Christ said of Mary, " She hath done what she 
 could." And when she could no longer labor for 
 the afflicted she became a sufferer with them, and 
 died the following spring at Wilmington, North 
 Carolina, whither she had gone to renew her work 
 of love, after a brief rest in the quiet of her peace- 
 ful home. 
 
 On the 4th of August the First Brigade was 
 consolidated with the Second and Third, in conse- 
 quence of the diminished strength of the command. 
 The Regiment was assigned to the Third Brigade, 
 which became the First, and consisted of the follow- 
 ing regiments, viz : the Fifteenth Michigan, Seven- 
 tieth Ohio, Forty-eighth and Ninetieth Illinois, and 
 Twelfth and Ninety-ninth Indiana, Colonel Oliver, 
 of the Fifteenth Michigan, commanding. Colonel
 
 BATTLE OF EZRA CHURCH. 237 
 
 Williams again assumed command of the Regi- 
 ment, having led the Brigade through all the 
 memorable events of the three months of active 
 operations in the face of the enemy. The previous 
 reputation of the Brigade had been fully sustained, 
 and all regretted to see the organization broken 
 up. The association of the past had been pleasant, 
 and a noble spirit of emulation had prevailed in 
 the several regiments of the Brigade.
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 BATTLE OF JONESBORO. 
 
 General Sherman had formed his plans for retir- 
 ing the entire army from the lines around Atlanta 
 as early as the 18th of August, .but for prudential 
 reasons the movement was deferred. The with- 
 drawal of an army from the presence of the enemy, 
 for the execution of a bold and quick movement 
 to his rear, is one of the most difficult and danger- 
 ous of all military operations. The manner in 
 which our great Chieftain effected his purpose at 
 once placed him among the greatest Generals in 
 the world, and the grand result occasioned a deep 
 feeling of joy throughout the loyal States. 
 
 The army commenced the work of retiring the 
 lines on the night of the 25th of August. The 
 Fourth Corps moved to the rear and right, leaving 
 a strong skirmish line to keep up a vigorous fire. 
 At the same time the Twentieth Corps fell back 
 to the Chattahoochee, covering the crossing at the
 
 BATTLE OF JONESBORO. 239 
 
 Railroad Bridge, and presenting the appearance 
 of retreat. On the night of the 26th the right 
 wing also retired, the Sixteenth Corps having oc- 
 cupied an entrenched position for the protection 
 of our left flank. The columns moved in the 
 direction of Sandtown, with the design of deceiv- 
 ing the enemy into the belief that we were really 
 retreating across the Chattahoochee. The feint 
 was eminently successful. Hood regarded the 
 evidence presented by the movements of our army 
 as indicating unmistakably the abandonment of 
 operations against Atlanta. The sounds of joy 
 rang through the city, and it was officially declar- 
 ed that Sherman had retired beyond the Chatta- 
 hoochee. A reconnoissance in force, in the direc- 
 tion taken by the Twentieth Corps, confirmed 
 previous conclusions, the enemy being driven back 
 by our forces. Hood was at last completely out- 
 generaled, and ere he was aware of the real design 
 of his antagonist a strong force was thrown across 
 the West Point Railroad, at Fairburn, and that 
 road thoroughly destroyed for a distance of twelve 
 miles. 
 
 The rails were torn from the ties, the latter piled 
 upon the road-bed and the rails arranged upon 
 them for heating. A brisk fire was kindled by 
 the engineers, and when the rails were sufficiently 
 heated levers were attached at the two extremes 
 of each rail, by hooks adapted for the purpose, the
 
 240 VICKSBURCJ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 power applied operating in opposite directions, 
 twisting the bar so as to render its use impossible. 
 Many of the rails were wound around trees and 
 left in that condtion. A deep cut near Fairburn 
 was filled with fallen trees, to which wires 
 were attached, connecting with shells ready for 
 explosion, the whole mass being covered with 
 earth. 
 
 On the 30th the army moved rapidly forward to 
 cut the Macon Railroad, the only remaining line 
 of communication in possession of the enemy. 
 In the meantime Hood had discovered the object 
 of his antagonist, and hurriedly dispatched a por- 
 tion of his force, under Hardee, to protect his line 
 of communication with Macon, while he remained 
 with the right wing of his army for the defense 
 of Atlanta. But he had been too long deceived 
 to avert the impending disaster. 
 
 The disposition of our forces was as follows : 
 the Army of the Tennessee on the right, the Fif- 
 teenth Corps in the centre, and the Sixteenth and 
 Seventeenth Corps on the flank. The left wing 
 was disposed in the following order: the Four- 
 teenth Corps on the right, the Fourth Corps in the 
 centre, and Twenty-third Corps on the extreme 
 left flank. On the advance of the right, the 
 enemy opposed our progress with a strong skir- 
 mish line, which was steadily driven back in the 
 direction of Jonesboro.
 
 t~ 
 
 BATTLE OF JONESBORO. 241 
 
 Our column crossed Flint River and formed 
 their lines on the hill-side east of that stream, 
 fortifying during the night. At three P. M., 
 August 31st, the enemy charged upon the line of 
 the Fifteenth Corps, and a furious fire was poured 
 into his ranks from our works, which soon forced 
 him to retire with severe loss. The shells fell 
 among the hospitals in the rear, killing and 
 wounding several of the patients. 
 
 In the meantime the left of the army, under 
 Thomas and Schofield, moved forward, several 
 miles to our left, striking the enemy's communica- 
 tions at Rough and Ready, and moving down 
 upon the flank of the enemy at Jonesboro, thus 
 completely severing the rebel army. The railroad 
 was destroyed as the forces advanced, and on the 
 afternoon of September 1st the right of the Four- 
 teenth Corps reached the position of the Seven- 
 teenth Corps, relieving Blair's entire command, 
 which moved to the right and went into position 
 on the flank. The advance of Thomas was cov 7 
 ered by a fierce demonstration along the lines of 
 the Fifteenth Corps, keeping the enemy in con- 
 stant expectation of attack, thus preventing the 
 weakening of his centre for the reinforcement of 
 his right, now endangered by the approach of the 
 Fourteenth Corps. Davis had succeeded Palmer 
 in command of that Corps, and Brigadier General 
 L
 
 242 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 Morgan assumed command of the Second Divi- 
 sion, which moved forward, in beautiful order, 
 upon the right, in the face of a severe fire. The 
 view of the engagement from the hills on the oppo- 
 site side of the -river was awfully impressive. On, 
 through forest and cultivated fields, the lines mov- 
 ed, charging upon and carrying the enemy's left, 
 sweeping like a tornado over the defenses, and 
 capturing twelve pieces of artillery and nearly a 
 thousand prisoners, with comparatively slight loss. 
 
 The Fourth and Twenty-third Corps were 
 pressing to the rear to cut off Hardee's retreat, 
 and but for the intervening darkness would doubt- 
 less have succeeded in reaching the enemy's left 
 flank. The roar of battle continued long after 
 rightfall, the demonstration by the Fifteenth 
 Corps being continued in favor of Thomas and 
 Schofield. But the desired point could not be 
 reached, and the army" passed the night in readi- 
 ness to renew the offensive at an early hour the 
 next morning, should the enemy fail to evacuate 
 his position. 
 
 The disastrous result of the day's operations ne- 
 cessitated retreat, and Hardee made good use of 
 the time in withdrawing his forces to Lovejoy's 
 Station, about six miles south, where he again 
 made a stand to await a junction with Hood, who 
 had been forced to evacuate Atlanta and retreat 
 toward McDonough. Major General Slocum,
 
 BATTLE OF JONESBORO. 243 
 
 commanding the Twentieth Corps, at once oc- 
 cupied Atlanta, and the main army followed, 
 the retreating forces under Hardee, occupying 
 Jonesboro on the morning of September 2d. 
 
 The news of Hood's retreat and Slocum's oc- 
 cupation of the city was officially communicated 
 to the troops on the 3d of September, and orders 
 were immediately issued for the withdrawal of the 
 forces from the presence of the enemy, which was 
 effected on the night of the 5th, under cover of 
 darkness, and in the midst of a disagreeable 
 storm. At ten P. M. the forces were again at 
 Jonesboro. 
 
 The enemy followed us, and occupied the place 
 immediately, advancing as far as Rough and 
 Ready, while the army continued its return march 
 to Atlanta and East Point The congratulatory 
 order of General Sherman was issued, declaring 
 the campaign closed, directing the establishment 
 of camps for the respective commands, and prom- 
 ising rest to the troops. The Army of the Ten- 
 nessee was ordered into camp in the vicinity of 
 East Point, the Army of the Cumberland in and 
 around Atlanta, and the Army of the Ohio at 
 Decatur.
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 CAMP AT EAST POINT. 
 
 The camps of the Army of the Tennessee were 
 grouped so as to present a strong front to the 
 enemy in that direction. Substantial defenses 
 were constructed, occupying a considerable por- 
 tion of the time allotted for rest. From Deoatur, 
 on the left, to the west of Atlanta, our forces were 
 disposed for effective resistance against any attempt 
 to re-occupy the city. 
 
 Owing to the diminished strength of the various 
 commands, a consolidation of the Divisions was 
 ordered. The left wing of the Sixteenth Corps 
 was distributed to the Fifteenth and Seventeenth 
 Corps, one Division being assigned to each. The 
 organization of the Fourth Division, Fifteenth 
 Corps, was broken up, on the, 15th of September. 
 Tne two Brigades were assigned to the First and 
 Second Divisions, the First Brigade, excepting our 
 Regiment, to Hazen's Division, and the Second to
 
 CAMP AT EAST POINT. 245 
 
 Osterhaus' Division. The Regiment was detached 
 from its command, and assigned to the First Bri- 
 gade of the First Division, consisting of the 
 Twenty-sixth Iowa, Seventy-sixth Ohio, Twenty- 
 seventh, Twenty-ninth, and Thirty-first Missouri, 
 and Twelfth Indiana, Colonel Smith, of the 
 Twenty-sixth Iowa, commanding. Brigadier Gen- 
 eral Charles F. Woods was temporarily in com- 
 mand of the Division, and Major General Osterhaus 
 in command of the Corps, during General Logan's 
 absence in Illinois. 
 
 Thus terminated the history of the Division with 
 which we had served almost two years. It had 
 made a noble record, and many regrets were ex- 
 pressed at its disorganization. During the cam- 
 paign just closed it had rendered important 
 service, and all felt proud of their connection with 
 the Division. By its disbandment General Har- 
 row was left without a command, and was not 
 again assigned to duty in the army under Sherman. 
 
 Atlanta and the surrounding country presented 
 a scene of desolation rarely witnessed. The 
 marks of our shells were visible in the suburbs of 
 the city, on the north, east, and west sides, while 
 the fields and forests were cut up by lines of forti- 
 fications or trampled by the enemy. The desola- 
 tion increased on the arrival of our forces, who 
 were allowed to remove unoccupied buildings for 
 the construction of comfortable quarters.
 
 246 VICKSBCRG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 Hood's army held a position in our front at 
 Rough and Ready. An arrangement was effected 
 between the respective commanders for an ex- 
 change of prisoners, which resulted in the return 
 of several thousand of those captured during the 
 campaign. Among these a number returned to 
 the Regiment, including Captain Huston and 
 Lieutenant Alfont, of Company G. The citizens 
 of Atlanta were at the same time removed beyond 
 our lines, by order of General Sherman. Hood 
 inveighed bitterly against the measure, as one of 
 great cruelty. The correspondence upon this sub- 
 ject between Sherman and Hood was illustrative 
 of .the spirit of the men, and of the different 
 aspects in which they regarded the question of 
 privileges due to citizens of a rebellious city. 
 Atlanta was designed solely for military occupa- 
 tion, and the support of hostile citizens might pro- 
 perly be imposed upon the enemy within his own 
 lines, as no other alternative was left the Govern- 
 ment, unless it should supply them from the Com- 
 missary Department, which would have been both 
 unwise and unjust. 
 
 The Atlantic and "Western Railroad, which had 
 been re-opened to the rear of our lines in August, 
 was at once repaired, and supplies were accumulate 
 ing rapidly at Atlanta, during the month of Sep- 
 tember, in anticipation of a new campaign in the
 
 CAMP AT EAST POINT. 247 
 
 fall. All was activity on the line of communica- 
 tion thence to Nashville, the hostile armies mean- 
 while preparing for the renewal of the conflict, 
 both, as the events of the following month 
 indicated, meditating offensive operations. 
 
 The success of our cause in the West was coin- 
 cident with vigorous and persevering efforts in the 
 East. Grant had pushed Lee from the Rapidan 
 back upon Richmond, after a series of fearful con- 
 flicts, and, crossing the James, had placed his 
 army in front of Petersburg, the strong outpost .of 
 the rebel capital, the possession of which must 
 result in the evacuation of Richmond. The two 
 armies under Lee and Johnston had been so busily 
 employed in resisting the advance of Grant and 
 Sherman that reinforcement of either with organ- 
 ized troops was impossible. The only alternative 
 left the rebel authorities was the most vigorous 
 enforcement of the conscription in the States sub- 
 ject to their control. With all the aid thus ren- 
 dered the progress of our arms had proved irre- 
 sistible, and Atlanta was ours, while Richmond 
 was invested by invincible hosts. 
 
 While our armies were thus surely accomplish- 
 ing the work of suppressing armed resistance to 
 the authority of the Government, the people were 
 not idle. The mutual influence of the loyal 
 masses and the troops in the field was never so 
 fully exemplified as in the events of 1864. The
 
 248 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 spirit of opposition to the Administration had 
 breathed the life of disloyalty into the disappoint- 
 ed political aspirants of the North, who sought 
 and formed an alliance offensive with repudiated 
 military chieftains for the overthrow of the domi- 
 nant war policy, and the substitution of peace 
 negotiations, upon the assumed impossibility of 
 subduing rebellion by force of arms. The suc- 
 cess of the well-matured plans of the opposition 
 party was to be contingent upon the defeat of our 
 armies, which none better understood than the 
 leaders of that party. In proportion to the disas- 
 ters resulting to our arms was the testimony 
 afforded to the truth of the teachings of those who 
 claimed the name of Democrats, while in the ratio 
 of our success was the refutation of their teach- 
 ings. Hence it was observable, through the secret 
 ramifications of that foul scheme of disloyal men 
 in the North, that reverses to our arms were wel- 
 comed, while the news of our triumphs fell sor- 
 rowfully on their hearts. The victory at the 
 ballot-box in November following was the echo 
 of the voice of triumph from the battle-fields of 
 the South. The hosts of freedom proved the in- 
 vincibility of men armed in the holy cause of 
 liberty, and placed the question so clearly before 
 the people that the majority saw, in bold charac- 
 ters, the refutation of the sophistry of secession
 
 CAMP AT EAST POINT. 249 
 
 sympathizers, written in the blood of heroes slain 
 in battle. 
 
 Thus was the great moral influence of the cam- 
 paigns of 1864 made to decide the scale of destiny, 
 poised in even balance. The extent of influence, 
 attributable to the great victory at the ballot-box, 
 which was exerted over the troops in the field can 
 scarcely be estimated. That it was very great 
 none can dispute, who saw the effect produced 
 upon the army by the announcement of the result. 
 And as Sherman's army had done much to encour- 
 age the people to sustain the Administration, none 
 rejoiced more than those veterans, when, on 
 emerging from their long march to the sea-coast, 
 the official announcement of the triumphant re- 
 election of Abraham Lincoln was made to them 
 through the medium of the press. Having sacri- 
 ficed so much for their country, they rejoiced in 
 the assurance that it was not to be all in vain. 
 
 During this period the Christian members of 
 the Regiment met each morning and evening for 
 religious worship. Many hours were thus employ- 
 ed, which will ever be dear to memory. The at- 
 tention of those attending these services was such 
 as to elicit the admiration of the soldier's charac- 
 ter. On such occasions thoughts of other days 
 and the privileges of the sanctuary were mingled 
 with thoughts of the present, when th'ose far away 
 continued to remember us in their supplications.
 
 250 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 Amid such thoughts all were serious, and reference 
 was frequently made to home and friends and the 
 influences exerted upon the soldier by those who 
 loved him, ard waited for his return, while con- 
 tinually committing him to the keeping of a faith- 
 ful Father, who cares for all his children. Thus 
 passed the days of rest, which, to the Christian 
 soldier, were days of spiritual refreshing, and to 
 some the beginning of a new life. 
 
 The following promotions were made at East 
 Point: 
 
 Commissary Sergeant Alfred G. Lee, to Quar- 
 termaster, vice McClellan, resigned, to date from 
 July 4th. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant John M. Tobias, Co. A, to 1st 
 Lieutenant, vice Waters, killed in action, Septem- 
 ber 6th, 1864. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Lewis Murray, Co. D, to 1st 
 Lieutenant, vice Blackwell, transferred, September 
 6th, 1864. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel James Goodnow resigned, 
 September 16th. 1st Lieutenant Charles F. 
 Mather, of Co. C, and 1st Lieutenant Samuel 
 Shenafelt, of Co. E, resigned September 23d, and 
 left for home on the 26th. A number of the offi- 
 cers of the Regiment received leaves of absence 
 and returned to Indiana, among whom was Colonel 
 Williams, leaving Major Baldwin in command.
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 PURSUIT OF HOOD. 
 
 On the 1st of October Hood had inaugurated a 
 movement to our rear, designed to accomplish the 
 same result which followed the advance of Bragg 
 into Kentucky in 1862. But another than Buell 
 was in command of the Union forces, and Sher- 
 man allowed his antagonist to cross the Chattahoo- 
 chee unopposed, perceiving the great advantages 
 that might be secured to our cause by permitting 
 the enemy to uncover our front. Hood moved 
 rapidly, and struck the line of our communica- 
 tions at Big Shanty, on the 4th of October, de- 
 stroying several miles of railroad between that 
 point and Allatoona. On the 5th a furious assault 
 was made upon the little garrison at the latter 
 place by an entire Division of the enemy's forces, 
 in which the assailants weire repulsed with very 
 heavy loss, our own loss also being severe.
 
 252 VTCKSBURO TO RALEIGH. 
 
 In the meantime such disposition of our forces 
 was made as to insure a two-fold object, the reten- 
 tion of Atlanta, and the speedy pursuit of Hood. 
 To secure the former, Major General Slocum was 
 instructed to contract the lines around Atlanta, 
 and hold them, with the Twentieth Corps. The 
 remaining Corps excepting one Division of the 
 Fourteenth, sent to Northern Alabama moved 
 in pursuit of the enemy. The Army of the Ten- 
 nessee marched from East Point, October 4th, 
 crossing the Chattahooche at Vining's Station, and 
 occupying the works constructed during the opera- 
 tions of the army in front of Kenesaw Mountain. 
 On the 5th the forces reached Marietta, to find the 
 enemy had abandoned his fortified position, north 
 and west of Kenesaw, and retired toward Rome. 
 
 Our forces reached Rome on the 12th. But it 
 was not Hood's purpose to fight, and he again 
 moved forward, crossing the Coosa below Rome, 
 and moving his main body up the north bank of 
 the Oustanaula toward Resaca, while keeping up 
 a feint in front of Rome. In this movement he 
 was again successful, striking the railroad at 
 Resaca and Dalton, capturing the garrison of 
 colored troops at the latter place, and destroying 
 the road from Resaca to Tunnel Hill. 
 
 Meanwhile Thomas had been ordered forward, 
 with such forces as were deemed necessary, and 
 had occupied a strong position at Tunnel Hill for
 
 PURSUIT OF HOOD. 253 
 
 the defense of Chattanooga, preventing the ad- 
 vance of the enemy beyond that point. Hood de- 
 manded the surrender of the garrison at Resaca, 
 which was refused by Colonel Weaver, command- 
 ing the post, and the enemy prepared to attack. 
 At this critical moment the advance of the Seven- 
 teenth Corps arrived, and Hood withdrew toward 
 Snake Creek Gap, his only available route of 
 retreat. This was on the 14th of October. 
 
 Brisk skirmishing continued during the evening 
 of the 14th and the morning of the 15th, the 
 enemy covering his retreat with a strong rear 
 guard, posted in our former works at the mouth 
 of the Gap, while the trains were passing through 
 and the road was being thoroughly obstructed. A 
 Division of the Fourth Corps was ordered to cross 
 the intervening ridge from the valley of the Ousta- 
 naula, and cut off the retreat of this force, but 
 failed to accomplish the object. The pursuit was 
 delayed several hours by the dense net-work of 
 fallen timber which the enemy had formed through 
 the entire length of the Gap. It was found more 
 convenient to cut a new road than to clear the old 
 one, and after almost superhuman effort the army 
 and trains effected a passage, occupying most of 
 the night. 
 
 The enemy retired through Yillanow, crossing 
 Taylor's Ridge into Cane Creek Valley, and reach- 
 ing Lafayette on the 16th. Our pursuit was
 
 254 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 checked by a force left to hold the pass on Tay- 
 lor's Ridge, which held a commanding position 
 behind a strong barricade of rocks. A brisk skir- 
 mish occurred at this point. A flanking column 
 was sent around and forced the enemy to retreat, 
 capturing a number of prisoners. 
 
 The Regiment was also sent out upon the right 
 flank, and reached the summit after a devious 
 march, to find the position had been abandoned. 
 In this delightful spot we camped. From our 
 position the lovely valley presented a scene of in- 
 terest to the beholder. From its treasures the 
 soldiers collected the greatest variety of delicacies 
 ever brought into camp. That night on Taylor's 
 Ridge has no parallel in the record of our experi- 
 ence. For five miles in each direction the valley 
 was scoured by foragers, who returned loaded with 
 the products of the field, the garden, the orchard, 
 the yard and the pantry. All kinds of meat, 
 vegetables, apples, fowls, honey, dried and preserv- 
 ed fruits, and jellies, were brought into camp. 
 Amidst 'the abundance of that rich valley the sol- 
 diers reveled with delight after long confinement 
 to the army rations. The scene presented by the 
 various regiments, as they- moved forward the 
 next day, was amusing. Nearly every man bore 
 with him some of the rich spoils of the previous 
 day, and it is perfectly safe to say that each 
 regiment carried half a ton of forage.
 
 X . 
 
 PURSUIT OF HOOD. 255 
 
 The troops were again in motion on the evening 
 of the 17th, camping at Lafayette. The enemy 
 was moving rapidly, and the pursuit was renewed 
 on the 18th. Abundance of forage was found 
 along the route, and the people were stripped of 
 all means of subsistence. The only sympathy 
 they could get, when appealing to the soldiers to 
 spare them something, was : " Mr. Hood has cut 
 our cracker line, and you must charge all this to 
 him. lie should not have led us through your 
 rich valleys." Of course the truth of this was 
 manifest, and they doubtless wished " Mr. Hood" 
 had gone some other route. 
 
 During the three days ending October 20t-h the 
 army marched forty-four miles, reaching Gaytes- 
 ville, Alabama, after a long and severe night 
 march through the mountains. Here the main 
 forces halted, a portion of the army moving for- 
 ward, on the 21st, to Little' River. The Fifteenth 
 Corps advanced to that point, and sent out a de- 
 tachment, on a reconnoissance, on the 24th, re- 
 turning on the 26th. The enemy had crossed the 
 south point of Lookout Mountain, and was evi- 
 dently intending to invade Tennessee from North- 
 ern Alabama. His base at Blue Mountain, forty 
 miles south of our position, could no longer be 
 available, and he moved at once for the line of 
 railroad south of the Tennessee, and finally estab- 
 lished his base at Tuscumbia, for offensive opera- 
 tions against Nashville. There we part with our
 
 256 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 antagonist, turning him over to the tender mercies 
 of Thomas, to whom General Sherman committed 
 the responsibility of ending his career, in which 
 he fulfilled the largest expectations. In view of 
 the career of this dashing but unfortunate Confed- 
 erate chieftain, we can but say, Poor Hood ! what 
 a pity he had not been fitted for service in a better 
 cause. 
 
 The army remained in camp, on Little River 
 and at Gaylesville, till October 29th, awaiting the 
 arrival of supplies from Home, whither the trains 
 were sent on the 22d. A considerable amount of 
 surplus baggage had been sent to Chattanooga, 
 from Surnmerville, on the 19th, and the sick had 
 been sent with these trains. Samuel McClain, of 
 Company C, was sent to Chattanooga, where he 
 died, October 30th. 
 
 The Army of the Tennessee and the Fourteenth 
 Corps commenced the return march to Atlanta on 
 the 29th, leaving the Fourth and Twenty-third 
 Corps to confront Hood on his advance into Ten- 
 nessee. The route of march from Little River ran 
 through Cedar Bluff, Cave Spring and Cedar 
 Town. The fertile valleys afforded the usual ad- 
 dition to the scanty rations, till we approached the 
 scene of operations during the late campaign, 
 when the most persevering effort was unrewarded. 
 Nothing was left in the region of hostilities, and 
 most of the inhabitants had been forced to leave 
 to obtain supplies.
 
 PUBSUIT OF HOOD. 257 
 
 On the 5th of November the troops reached the 
 railroad, at Smyrna Camp Ground, six miles south 
 of Marietta, where they were supplied for the 
 great campaign before them. Payment was made 
 for eight months, ending with August, and every- 
 thing was in readiness for the forward movement 
 on the 10th of November. 
 
 Most of the absent officers returned to the Regi- 
 ment. Colonel Williams had been detailed as a 
 member of the Military Commission ordered to 
 convene at Indianapolis, and Major Baldwin 
 continued in command. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant George H. Williams, of Com- 
 pany C, and Sergeant John H. Rusie, of Company 
 E, were promoted to First Lieutenants, November 
 9th, to fill the vacancies occasioned by the 
 resignation of Lieutenants Mather and Shenafelt.
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 THE SAVANNAH CAMPAIGN. 
 
 The greatest movement of the war was about to 
 be inaugurated, under the most favorable auspices. 
 Hood had pushed so far northward that effective 
 pursuit of Sherman was impossible, while Lee 
 could afford no relief to the endangered lines of 
 communication. The forces in the field in Georgia 
 were limited to the small command of Hardee, 
 which consisted chiefly of State troops, wholly 
 unused to service. General alarm prevailed in the 
 interior when Sherman's purpose became known, 
 and urgent demands were made upon the rebel 
 authorities, by Governor Brown, for assistance. 
 But all was in vain. The desperate effort of Hood 
 to outflank and compel the retreat of his antagon- 
 ist had proved to be a pit dug for himself and the 
 cause he served. It was precisely what General 
 Sherman desired, and it was reported, at the time 
 the enemy moved to the rear, that he remarked,
 
 THE SAVANNAH CAMPAIGN. 259 
 
 " I have never said, I had got Hood where I want- 
 ed him, but I will say so now, and I will give him 
 rations if he will go to the Ohio." The result 
 proved the great advantage secured to our arras 
 by that hazardous attempt to force Sherman to 
 retreat from Atlanta. The temporary suspension 
 of communications had not endangered our army, 
 as supplies had accumulated at Atlanta sufficient 
 to subsist the troops until the railroad could be 
 repaired. 
 
 General Sherman resolved to make his presence 
 felt in the heart of the enemy's territory, and began 
 the work of destruction to public property before 
 leaving Atlanta. Having removed the Govern- 
 ment property to Chattanooga, and sent the sick 
 to the rear, he boldly cut his own communications 
 with his base of supply, and, like Cortez, com- 
 menced his forward movement through an enemy's 
 country. The anxieties of the people in the loyal 
 States were aroused for his safety, and the prevail- 
 ing theme of conversation in social circles was the 
 condition of Sherman and his army in the heart of 
 the Southern Confederacy. For a period of forty 
 days the only knowledge of progress was derived 
 from the rebel press, which boasted of the plans 
 laid for his destruction before he could reach the 
 coast. 
 
 The right wing consisted of the Army of the 
 Tennessee, under Major General Howard, and the
 
 260 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 left wing of the Army of Georgia under Major 
 General Slocum. The former moved from Alanta 
 on the line of the Macon Railroad, while the latter 
 diverged to the left, moving in the direction of 
 Augusta, the several Corps and Divisions moving 
 upon -different roads, within supporting distance, 
 thus sweeping over a belt of country nearly forty 
 miles in width. 
 
 The Army of the Tennessee destroyed the public 
 property at Marietta and the railroad thence to the 
 Chattahoochee, the Fourteenth Corps destroying 
 the road from Kingston to Marietta, and the Twen- 
 tieth Corps completing the work of destruction 
 from the river to Atlanta, and the depots, machine- 
 shops, hotels, and the business portion of the town. 
 The scene presented in the burning of Atlanta, 
 as viewed from the summit of Stone Mountain, 
 must have been fearful to contemplate. For miles 
 in every direction the country was lighted up with 
 the glare of the midnight carnival of flame. The 
 place was rendered comparatively valueless as a 
 centre of military operations, by the complete 
 destruction of the several railroads leading to Chat- 
 tanooga, Augusta, Montgomery, and Macon, and 
 by the burning of the city. 
 
 The work of destruction from Kingston to At- 
 lanta was completed on the 14th of November, 
 and on the 15th the army moved upon its course. 
 The right wing crossed the Chattahoochee on the 

 
 THE SAVANNAH CAMPAIGN. 261 
 
 13th, and camped on the south of Atlanta, moving 
 to Jonesboro on the 15th, a distance of twenty-one 
 miles, and reaching McDonough, Henry County, 
 on the 16th. From this latter date the army mov- 
 ed through a region of country never before visited 
 by hostile forces, and forage of all kinds was 
 abundant, of which all availed themselves. A 
 limited amount of subsistence was provided for 
 such a campaign, and this was carefully husbanded 
 during the early part of the period occupied in this 
 memorable march, while passing through a fertile 
 region. Subsequently, on reaching the pine region 
 between the Oconee and the Ogeechee, the army 
 relied wholly upon the supplies brought from 
 Atlanta. 
 
 The stories related by the soldiers, who partici- 
 pated in this delightful stroll through the beautiful 
 valleys and vast pine forests of Central and Eastern 
 Georgia, are full of interest, and would constitute 
 a volume of thrilling incidents. The people along 
 the route, alarmed for the safety of their provi- 
 sions, and the more valuable articles of household 
 use or ornament, concealed them in the earth and in 
 the woods. Almost invariably these hidden stores 
 were discovered and appropriated by the soldiers. 
 Money not only the worthless Confederate 
 notes but gold and silver, watches, jewelry, costly 
 apparel, and all sorts of trinkets, with immense
 
 262 VICKSBURO TO RALEIGH. 
 
 stores of bacon were thus collected on that memor- 
 able march. The appearance of fresh earth, in the 
 fields or the forest, was the signal for diligent 
 search, which never failed to bring to light some 
 buried treasure. In one instance a considerable 
 amount of jewelry, with gold and silver coin, was 
 found in a small box, hidden in a brush-heap near 
 where the troops were encamped. All the luxuries 
 of the planters were freely appropriated for use iii 
 camp, aud no army ever fared better than that of 
 General Sherman in this campaign. While all was 
 uneasiness and anxiety .in the public mind at the 
 North, these men who had fought and chased the 
 enemy, under Johnston and Hood, more than 
 seven hundred miles, now found an unobstructed 
 pathway opened to them through, the finest region 
 of Georgia. They had no need of the generous 
 donations which the friends at home would have 
 gladly made them as they made for the army in 
 front of Petersburg to enable them to celebrate 
 the approaching holidays. To them the months 
 of November and December were a succession of 
 feasts on flesh and fruit, and all the dainties that 
 heart could wish. 
 
 ' On the 18th of November the Fifteenth Corps 
 reached Indian Springs, twenty-four miles from 
 McDonough. Crossing the Ocmulgee on the 19th, 
 the right wing moved to the south of Milledgeville 
 on the 21st, while the left wing occupied that city.
 
 THE SAVANNAH CAMPAIGN. 263 
 
 The cavalry of the enemy attacked the train on the 
 21st, hut were soon repulsed, and the troops moved 
 forward to the Central Georgia Railroad, eight 
 miles east of Macon. 
 
 On the 22nd the First Division was employed in 
 destroying the railroad, when the Second Brigade 
 was attacked, at Griswoldville, hy a superior force 
 of infantry from Macon. The veterans of Wal- 
 cott's Brigade maintained their well-earned reputa- 
 tion, pouring in a destructive fire upon the enemy. 
 But the superiority of the assailants enabled them 
 to extend their lines, covering the right flank, and 
 the Twelfth Indiana was ordered up as a support. 
 The Regiment moved forward to the scene of action 
 on the double quick, and reached the ground in 
 time to meet and check the advancing foe, who, 
 finding the flank protected by re-inforcements, and 
 meeting an obstinate resistance in the front, with- 
 drew toward Macon, leaving his dead and wounded 
 on the field. The troops engaged in this charge 
 upon a small force of veterans was composed 
 chiefly of State militia. Four hundred of their 
 number were left upon the field, among whom 
 were grey-haired men and beardless boys, who had 
 been forced into the service of the exhausted Con- 
 federacy. Our loss was very slight in this engage- 
 ment. The Regiment suffered no loss, though 
 under fire from half-past four till dark.
 
 264 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 This engagement was the only one that marked 
 the progress of the army from Atlanta to the rear 
 of Savannah. The left wing occupied Milledge- 
 ville, unopposed, and after destroying the military 
 stores abandoned the place. Governor Brown and 
 the Legislature fled on the approach of the army, 
 greatly chagrined at the humiliation of the Empire 
 State of the South by the occupation of its Capital 
 without the least resistance. The maledictions of 
 the Governor upon the Confederate authorities 
 were loud and prolonged, and on the withdrawal of 
 Hardee from Savannah into South Carolina, he 
 demanded and secured the return of the State 
 troops, resolved that Georgia should not aid in the 
 defense of those States that had not rallied to her 
 aid in the hour of her peril. Ever after Governor 
 Brown was a source of trouble to Jeff. Davis and 
 his advisers. 
 
 The army moved forward on the 23rd, fortifying 
 on the right to resist attack, but no enemy made 
 his appearance. On the 24th the Corps reached 
 Irwinton, crossing the Ocon^e on the 26th, the 
 Ohoopee-on the 29th, and reaching the Ogeechee, 
 December 2nd. On the 3rd the First Brigade 
 crossed the river, destroying one mile of the Au- 
 gusta and Savannah Railroad, below Millen the 
 other troops being similarly employed and re- 
 turned to camp on the opposite side of the river.
 
 THE SAVANNAH CAMPAIGN. 265 
 
 Millen was visited by the left wing, and suffi- 
 cient evidence obtained of the terrible cruelties 
 practiced upon our prisoners by the rebel authori- 
 ties. The recital of deeds which would shame 
 barbarians is too harrowing for repetition. Hence- 
 forth the names of Andersonville, Florence, Millen 
 and Salisbury, will be linked in memory with those 
 of Libby Prison and Belle Isle, as the monuments 
 of cruelty reared by the most gigantic despotism 
 the world ever witnessed. Thank God that the 
 Union cause has never been marked by deeds of 
 cruel oppression committed upon prisoners of war. 
 
 The march was resumed December 4th. De- 
 fenses were constructed of rails and logs each 
 night, as a precautionary measure. Occasional 
 skirmishes of our advance with the rebel cavalry 
 indicated the presence of the enemy in our front, 
 but not in sufficient force to impede the advance 
 of the army. Hardee was reported in the vicinity, 
 on the 7th, inducing vigilance in the movement of 
 the forces. The right wing moved down the west 
 side of the Ogeechee, while the left wing advanced 
 between that river and the Savannah. After a 
 march of seventy miles down the river a crossing 
 was effected, December 10th. 
 
 The region lying between the Oconee and Ogee-' 
 chee is a vast pine forest, presenting a desolate 
 appearance, being almost uninhabited except along 
 the smaller streams. At this season of the year it 
 
 M
 
 266 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 was a pleasant region for campaigning the roads 
 being in excellent condition and the troops 
 moved forward noislessly and rapidly toward their 
 destination. The excitement of foraging and the 
 rich rewards of the field and garden were wanting 
 here, and the troops returned to the plain fare of the 
 army ration. The effect of this was manifest in 
 the constantly diminishing supplies, which neces- 
 sitated the reduction of the issues before reaching 
 the rear of Savannah. 
 
 On the llth and 12th of December considerable 
 cannonading occurred in our front, as our advance 
 approached the strong position of the enemy at 
 Fort McAllister. No delay was allowed for the 
 strengthening of the fort, and, on the 13th, the 
 Second Division of the Fifteenth Corps was ordered 
 to advance upon the enemy. The charge was brief 
 and successful, resulting in the capture of the posi- 
 tion and the garrison, with a loss of ninety-five, 
 killed and wounded in the assault. This event 
 secured communication with the fleet awaiting our 
 arrival in Ossabaw Sound. The excitement and 
 joy of General Sherman, on seeing the heroes of 
 Hazen's Division in possession of the only obstacle 
 to his ultimate success, knew no bounds. On no 
 former occasion had he manifested so much anxiety 
 as when watching the advance of the forces upon 
 Fort McAllister. The supplies brought from At- 
 lanta were exhausted, and no alternative was pre- 
 sented but to fight for communication with the
 
 THE SAVANNAH CAMPAIGN. 267 
 
 fleet. As the stars and stripes were flung to the 
 breeze from the ramparts where the Confederate 
 flag had so long waved, he exclaimed, " Boys, the 
 cracker line is opened," and at once started to meet 
 General Foster, who was awaiting the auspicious 
 moment on his flag-ship below. 
 
 In a short time General Sherman was in consul- 
 tation with General Foster, and supplies were at 
 once ordered forward to the army. The accumu- 
 lated mail of the last month was also waiting the 
 opening of communications, and was soon after 
 received by the rejoicing troops. In a single month 
 an army of sixty thousand men had moved a dis- 
 tance of three hundred and fifty miles through an 
 enemy's country, with but two slight engagements, 
 and secured a permanent base for offensive opera- 
 tions against an important sea-port of the enemy. 
 
 The news of the glorious result filled the land 
 with joy, and the prospect of success was more 
 encouraging than ever before. The Confederacy 
 was severed at its vital point, by the thorough work 
 of destruction along the several lines of railroad, 
 rendering all communication with the Gulf 
 States for the supply of the rebel army under 
 Lee impossible for months to come. The certain 
 prospect of occupying Savannah gave new vigor 
 to hope, and the fame of Sherman had reached the 
 climax. What military critics in Europe had pro- 
 nounced impossible of accomplishment had been
 
 268 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 effected in a remarkably brief period, securing 
 results whose value could scarcely be estimated, 
 and with a loss of less than five hundred men in 
 an army of sixty thousand. The internal weak- 
 ness of the Confederacy had been strikingly dem- 
 onstrated, and its ultimate fate none could longer 
 doubt. 
 
 To add to the general joy the fate of Hood had 
 been decided in Middle Tennessee, and his shat- 
 tered army was flying before the victorious forces 
 tinder Thomas. The late defiant army that had 
 opposed our progress from Dalton to Atlanta 
 when forced to abandon that stronghold had 
 moved boldly and confidently to our rear, thus 
 giving us speedy triumph, in the possession of Sa- 
 vannah and the control of the entire region of the 
 Gulf States. 
 
 It now only remained to invest and reduce Sa- 
 vannah, for which purpose the army was at once 
 disposed, after the- opening of communications. 
 Our lines were advanced, and brisk artillery firing 
 and skirmishing continued for several days. The 
 Regiment was on the picket line on the 14th and 
 17th, but no casualties occurred. 
 
 Hardee occupied Savannah with a force of about 
 fifteen thousand men, mostly militia. The impos- 
 sibility of holding his position against assault and 
 the danger of losing his only remaining line of 
 retreat, by our possession of the east bank of the
 
 THE SAVANNAH CAMPAIGN. . 269 
 
 Savannah River, induced him to evacuate the city 
 on the night of December 20th. Had he delayed 
 two days longer his escape would have been impos- 
 sible, and was only effected at all in consequence 
 of the difficulty of operating on the offensive in 
 the swampy region bordering upon the Savannah. 
 The army occupied the city on the 21st, finding 
 twenty-five thousand bales of cotton, which, with 
 one hundred and fifty guns and the city itself, con- 
 stituted General Sherman's "Christmas Gift," to 
 President Lincoln, in behalf of the people of the 
 United States.
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 THE SOUTH CAROLINA CAMPAIGN. ' 
 
 Savannah was occupied and held by Geary's 
 Division of the 20th Corps, the rest of the troops 
 camping around the city. A period of three 
 weeks was spent here, the recollection of which 
 will ever be pleasant to those who shared in the 
 quiet rest of that beautiful Southern city. Though 
 midwinter, the verdure of the live-oak presented 
 the appearance of the early spring time, and the 
 air was balmy as that of May in our Northern lati- 
 tude. The days sped rapidly by, while busy pre- 
 parations for a new campaign into South Carolina, 
 for the possession of Charleston, were everywhere 
 observable. 
 
 The Army of the Tennessee was ordered to 
 Beaufort, S. C., by water, and removed to that 
 place early in January, while the left wing at- 
 tempted to move up the coast, along the line of 
 the Charleston and Savannah Railroad. The
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA CAMPAIGN. 271 
 
 Seventeenth Corps arrived at Beaufort, followed 
 by the Fifteenth Corps, on the 10th of January. 
 The left . wing- crossed the Savannah about the 
 same time, when heavy rains set in and rendered 
 the advance of troops and trains through the low- 
 lands impossible, and the Fourteenth and Twen- 
 tieth Corps were forced to return to Savannah. 
 This misfortune greatly retarded the operations of 
 the army. 
 
 Meanwhile the Seventeenth Corps advanced 
 from Beaufort to the mainland, and occupied 
 Pocotaligo after a slight engagement on the 17th 
 of January. The Fifteen Corps arrived at Beau- 
 fort on the. llth, and remained in camp on the 
 Island till the 19th, at which time the First Bri- 
 gade of Hood's Division removed to Gardner's 
 Corners, fourteen miles inland. 
 
 AYhile at Beaufort the Regiment received an as- 
 signment of recruits numbering nearly two hun- 
 dred men, of whom one hundred and fifty reached 
 the command January 12th, and were subsequently 
 assigned to the several Companies. 
 
 The following promotions were made during 
 this period: 
 
 Major Baldwin to Lieutenant Colonel, vice 
 Goodnow, resigned, January 6th, 1865. 
 
 1st Lieutenant Robert Alfont, Co. G, to Cap- 
 tain, vice Huston, deceased, to date from January 
 1st, 1865.
 
 272 VICKSBUKG TO KALEIGH. 
 
 2nd Lieutenant Ralph Copper, Co. G, to 1st 
 Lieutenant, vice' Alfont, promoted, to date from 
 January 1st, 1865. 
 
 1st Lieutenant Lemuel Hazzard, Co. I, to Cap- 
 tain, vice Anderson, deceased, to date from 
 January 1st, 1865. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Anderson Andrew, Co. I to 
 1st Lieutenant, vice Hazzard, promoted, to date 
 from January 1st, 1865. 
 
 Colonel Williams and Chaplain Gage joined 
 the Regiment January 22d, via New York, the 
 former having been absent since September 17tb, 
 and the latter since November 9th. Colonel Wil- 
 liams assumed command on the day after his ar- 
 rival. Quartermaster Lee resigned his position 
 on the 15th of January, and Lieutenant Hubbard, 
 of Company F, was detailed as A. Q. M. 
 
 General Logan returned to Savannah in Jan- 
 uary, and resumed command of the Fifteenth 
 Corps. General Osterhaus was ordered to Mis- 
 souri, and Brevet Major General Charles F. Woods 
 was appointed to permanent command of the First 
 Division. Colonel William B. Woods, of the 
 Seventy-sixth Ohio, was appointed Brevet Major 
 General, and assigned to command the First Bri- 
 gade, superseding Colonel Smith on the 23d of 
 January, who at once tendered his resignation. 
 
 Captain Lenfesty, of Company C, had been act- 
 ing as Picket Officer, on Colonel Smith's staft',
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA CAMPAIGN. 273 
 
 during the Savannah campaign, and was retained 
 in that position on the staff of General Woods. 
 Adjutant Parks was also detailed as Aid-de-camp, 
 and First Lieutenant Copper, of Company C, was 
 detailed as Adjutant, January 23d. 
 
 During the latter part of January the left wing 
 of the army was moving up the west side of the 
 Savannah, to Lister's Ferry. The Fourth Divi- 
 sion of the Fifteenth Corps, under Major General 
 J. M. Corse, which had been left at Savannah, 
 moved with General Slocum's command, and 
 joined the Corps on reaching the South Carolina 
 Railroad. 
 
 On the 30th the right wing advanced from 
 Pocotaligo, the Seventeenth Corps on the extreme 
 right, with its right flank resting on the Comba- 
 hee, while the Fifteenth Corps moved forward 
 with its left on Coosawhatchie. "When the left 
 wing had Crossed the Savannah the army held the 
 entire region between that river and the Comba- 
 hee. The force moving into the heart of South 
 Carolina was somewhat larger than that with 
 which General Sherman marched through Geor- 
 gia. Large numbers of convalescents and recruits 
 had been received, while others had been discharg- 
 ed on the expiration of their term of service, and 
 all that were enfeebled had been left behind. The 
 accessions had, however, exceeded the losses, and 
 the strength of the avenging force was not far 
 below seventv thousand men.
 
 274 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 Our course was marked by the burning dwell- 
 ings and out-houses of the wealthy planters, who 
 had fled on our approach. On the evening of 
 the first day's march the column halted at Mc- 
 Phersonville, five miles north of Pocotaligo, where 
 the First Division remained in camp during the 
 ensuing day. This little town lay nestled among 
 pines of almost a century's growth, which covered 
 a large cotton plantation, abandoned on account 
 of sterility. Tens of thousands of acres, once 
 under cultivation, are now surrendered to the re- 
 storing hand of nature. Pines, in all stages of 
 growth, from the short to the tall stately tree, 
 stand among the cotton rows of former planta- 
 tions. This is the Southern mode of cultivation, 
 under the influence of slavery, the very ground 
 being cursed in consequence of the sin of the peo- 
 ple. !N"o effort is made to recruit the waste of pro- 
 ductive elements, in the light soil of the vast pine 
 region of the Carolinas, by the use of fertilizers, 
 but when old fields are exhausted they are given 
 up to the invigorating power of nature, while new 
 tracts are brought under cultivation, and after a 
 long series of years the new growth of forest is. 
 again removed, and thus the careless round of 
 unrequited toil goes on. 
 
 By this process the town of McPhersonville, 
 which once stood among fields of snowy cotton, 
 now lay in the midst of a vast pine forest, a curi- 
 ous spectacle to eyes accustomed to scenes of
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA CAMPAIGN. 275 
 
 beauty and fertility in the vicinity of rural vil- 
 lages of the North. A day was spent in this aban- 
 doned town, which, though occupied till the recent 
 advance of our forces to Pocotaligo, had been de- 
 serted by all its white inhabitants. The houses 
 and furniture of the wealthier citizens, who proba- 
 bly owned rice plantations in the adjacent river 
 bottoms, were left to their fate, and on the morn- 
 ing of our departure nearly the whole town was 
 consumed by tire, leaving the little church, 
 where we worshipped the previous day, and a few 
 dwellings amid the ruins of this secluded place. 
 
 On our advance, February 1st, the same scenes 
 of desolation marked the course of the several 
 columns, while the people were stripped of all 
 means of subsistence, and left in a famishing con- 
 dition. The ubiquitous cavalry of Wheeler, who 
 had kept at a safe distance on the march to Savan- 
 nah, were again in our front, but they invari- 
 ably fled after a few shots, and often before our 
 advance could reach them with their guns. 
 
 A slight skirmish occurred at Hickory Hill, on 
 the Coosawhatchie, February 1st, with a regiment 
 of cavalry occupying the west bank of the river, 
 in which two of our advance were killed. The 
 troops camped at this point, General Sherman oc- 
 cupying the abandoned residence of Mrs. McBride, 
 a wealthy widow, who had fled toward Columbia, 
 leaving her aged negroes in a helpless condition,
 
 276 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 while the able-bodied were removed to a place of 
 safety. This was one of the evidences of that 
 strong attachment said to exist between the mas- 
 ter and his chattel, the force of which seemed to 
 be in proportion to the value of the property. 
 Before General Sherman had left, the next morn- 
 ing, the unoccupied out-houses were in flames, 
 and he had scarcely seated himself in the saddle 
 when the house was also fired. The act was un- 
 authorized, but none would attempt to put out the 
 fire, and so the rich widow was houseless on her 
 return. No doubt she still anathematizes the 
 Yankees for the wanton destruction of her 
 property. 
 
 On the 3d of February we entered Barnwell 
 District, and moved toward the Big Salkehatchie, 
 at Buford's Bridge. Our advance skirmished with 
 "Wheeler's Cavalry, while the Seventeenth Corps 
 attacked and drove the enemy from a strong posi- 
 tion on the east bank of the river, the troops 
 charging through water up to the waist, in the 
 face of a heavy fire. This movement uncovered 
 the crossing at Buford's Bridge, where the enemy 
 also held a fortified position, against which our 
 forces must have advanced for more than a mile, 
 through the swampy bottom overflowed by the 
 river. We reached this point and crossed without 
 opposition, on the morning of February 5th, after 
 constructing twenty bridges which the enemy had
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA CAMPAIGN. 277 
 
 destroyed. To effect this the buildings in the 
 town of Buford's Bridge were torn down to 
 obtain materials. In this manner the enemy 
 necessitated the destruction of many valuable 
 buildings. 
 
 The thirst for burning was for a time partially 
 appeased by the scenes of the past few days, and 
 the troops turned their attention to the business 
 of foraging, in which they were eminently suc- 
 cessful. Provisions of all kinds were brought into 
 camp in buggies, barouches, wagons and carts, 
 which were almost invariably burned before leav- 
 ing camp. During the campaign thousands of 
 vehicles of all kinds were thus destroyed, amount- 
 ing in value to hundreds of thousands of dollars. 
 It was not an uncommon occurrence to see three 
 or four valuable carriages piled up and burn- 
 ing in the camp of a single regiment. As we ad- 
 vanced into the interior few abandoned dwellings 
 were found, and therefore few buildings were 
 burned. 
 
 On reaching the Little Salkehatchie, February 
 6th, the Third Division in advance, a charge was 
 made upon the enemy by the skirmish line, the 
 troops rushing through the stream with a yell, fir- 
 ing as they advanced, and gaining the position, 
 with a loss of seven men wounded. Again we 
 were delayed by obstructions in the road, and by
 
 278 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 the removal of the bridge, which was soon re- 
 stored and the troops crossed the river. On the 
 7th the Fifteenth Corps struck the South Carolina 
 Railroad, at Bamburg, seventy-six miles from 
 Charleston and sixty-four from Augusta, the 
 Seventeenth Corps at the same time reaching the 
 road at Midway, and the Fourteenth and Twen- 
 tieth at Blackville and Graham's, soon after. At 
 this point we were seventy miles from Beaufort, 
 which distance had been accomplished in nine days. 
 
 The work of destruction was at once commenced, 
 and the only line of communication between Rich- 
 mond and the Gulf States again severed, before 
 the portion destroyed on the march from Atlanta 
 had been repaired. The thoroughness of the ruin 
 wrought from Branchville to within fifteen miles 
 of Augusta rendered the re-opening of the line 
 impossible for months to come. 
 
 The rebel authorities were more perplexed by the 
 movements of the " great flanker " than they had 
 been during his march to the coast. Charleston 
 was still held by the forces under Beauregard. 
 llardee was like a fox at bay, not knowing whither 
 to move. Hood's late army, now under command 
 of Dick Taylor, was at Augusta for the purpose of 
 re-inforcing llardee, and a portion of the troops 
 had passed over the railroad a few hours before our 
 arrival at Bamburg, while the main body was cut 
 off at Augusta from all efficient co-operation
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA CAMPAIGN. 279 
 
 against Sherman. Wade Hampton alone was in 
 our front, his command including Wheeler's 
 ( 'avalry. In this scattered condition of the enemy's 
 forces, our movements" upon the South Carolina 
 Railroad, first threatening Charleston from Branch- 
 ville, and then Augusta from the left where 
 Kilpatrick was operating with his usual activity 
 added to the confusion prevailing throughout the 
 Confederacy. Ignorant of our designs, and deceived 
 by our movements, all effort to check our progress 
 was futile. Like a strong man in communication 
 with a surcharged galvanic battery, the en-emy stood 
 trembling under the shock, anxious to avert the 
 further influences of its power, but unable to move. 
 On the llth of February the army was again 
 put in motion. The Seventeenth Corps crossed 
 both branches of the Edisto, striking the Columbia 
 Branch of the South Carolina Railroad at Orange- 
 burg, which was thoroughly destroyed, cutting the 
 communication between Charleston and Columbia. 
 The Fifteenth Corps met no resistance in crossing 
 the South Edisto, and moved forward to Poplar 
 Spring, in Orangeburg District, on the llth. A 
 force of the enemy was posted on the North Edisto 
 to dispute our passage, causing a long delay on the 
 12th. The skirmishers of Hazeu's Division suc- 
 ceeded in crossing the stream below, coming upon 
 the enemy's flank, and driving him from his 
 position.
 
 280 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 On the 13th we crossed the river and marched 
 sixteen miles, through an uninhabited pine region. 
 A vast turpentine orchard extended for miles on 
 each side of the road, and stretched away to the 
 right and left indefinitely. In the midst of this 
 forest the product of the orchard was stored. 
 During the afternoon a dense volume of pitchy 
 smoke was seen rising above the inte'rvening pines 
 some distance to the right. The day was clear 
 and the sun shone in its brightness, cheering all 
 hearts. The cloud of smoke rose rapidly, spread- 
 ing far and wide over the line of march, almost 
 obscuring the sun, which appeared pale and sickly. 
 Urged by curiosity we turned aside, with Dr. 
 Lomax, to observe this singular conflagration. 
 After riding vigorously for nearly half an hour 
 we reached the scene of attraction. Some of the 
 soldiers had discovered the accumulated product 
 of the orchard, amounting to nearly a thousand 
 barrels of rosin, and had applied a match to the 
 building in which it was stored. The flames roared 
 fearfully as they broke forth like the fitful glare 
 of lightning from the impenetrable volume of 
 smoke, which rose in awful grandeur toward the 
 heavens. The vast mass of rosin, melted by the 
 inter se heat, had run down the hill-side, on which 
 the store-bouse stood, into a ravine through which 
 a narrow swamp stretched away toward the east. 
 Upon the surface of the water a crust, of emerald
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA CAMPAIGN. 281 
 
 hue, had formed. The fire had not yet reached 
 this point, and a handful of lighted grass was 
 thrown upon the surface, igniting the combustible 
 mass, and producing a flame that leaped to the 
 highest tree-tops, melting the branches like threads 
 of wax, and sending a column of smoke aloft that 
 was awful to behold. Mingled with the roar and 
 crackling of the flames was the hissing produced 
 by the commingling of the burning mass with the 
 water beneath. The scene recalled the vivid pic- 
 tures of Dante's Inferno, Milton's Paradise Lost, 
 and the Scriptures of Divine truth, illustrative of 
 the punishment prepared for the devil and his 
 angels. 
 
 The Fifteenth Corps arrived at Sandy Run, fif- 
 teen miles from Columbia, on the 14th of February. 
 A dash was made upon the picket line in the 
 evening, and a number of men captured, among 
 whom were four of the Regiment, viz : George Hahn, 
 of Company A, George "W. Starr, of Company C, 
 "William H. Bowen and James Compton of Com- 
 pany F. 
 
 Our forces advanced the following morning, 
 skirmishing with a small force of the enemy, till 
 we approached Congaree Creek, five miles from 
 Columbia, where a Brigade of Kentucky rebels 
 was posted, with a strong skirmish line in front. 
 Several hours delay was occasioned by the resist- 
 ance offered, brisk skirmishing continued at inter- 
 vals during the day. The Third Brigade was
 
 282 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 sent around upon the flank and forced the enemy 
 across the stream. His . attempt to destroy the 
 bridge proved unsuccessful, and the crossing was 
 effected during the afternoon. In the skirmish 
 the Second Brigade lost a number of men, killed 
 and wounded. 
 
 At night we occupied the high ground south of 
 the Congaree River, three miles from Columbia, 
 which was hidden from our view by a dense fog. 
 A force of rebel cavalry formed in line, on a ridge 
 in our front, and the skirmishers were advanced, 
 while a battery was planted and opened upon the 
 enemy, who quickly fled, leaving us in quiet pos- 
 session of a large region of cultivated land, from 
 all points of which the Capitol was distinctly visible 
 the next morning. The scene before us was one 
 of great beauty, the unfinished structure of the 
 new State Capitol rising above the surrounding 
 mass of buildings in snowy whiteness, and reflect- 
 ing the soft light of the morning sun. 
 
 The enemy retired across the Congaree during 
 the night, destroying the costly bridge to prevent 
 pursuit. The bridges over the Saluda and Broad 
 Rivers were also burned, and our advance delayed. 
 The batteries of the enemy, posted on the north 
 Bide of the river below the city, opened upon us 
 in the fields, but could not reach our position. 
 The pontoon train received a furious shelling as it 
 moved up the south bank of the stream, but passed 
 the ordeal in safetv. At 10 A. M., February 16th,
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA CAMPAIGN. 283 
 
 our forces moved forward to the river, opposite 
 Columbia, and the batteries opened upon the city, 
 producing great consternation among the inhabit- 
 ants. No reply was elicited. 
 
 In the evening the Fifteenth Corps took the 
 advance, moving up to the crossing of the Saluda, 
 where the pontoons were already laid, and marched 
 across to the south bank of Broad River, these two 
 streams uniting above Columbia to form Jhe 
 Congaree. 
 
 Under the cover of the night a portion of the 
 Third Brigade crossed the Broad River in pon- 
 toons, forcing the enemy's pickets from the north 
 bank on the morning of the 17th, and uncovering 
 the crossing* The pontoons were at once laid, 
 while the Third Brigade advanced toward the city 
 unopposed. Mayor Goodwin came out, with a flag 
 of truce, and formally surrendered the city into 
 our possession, at 10 A. M. The remainder of the 
 Division, followed by the other Divisions of the 
 Corps, crossed during the afternoon, and moved 
 through the city, with music and banners. The 
 Regiment led the column, on this triumphal march 
 through the proud Capital of the Palmetto State. 
 The troops camped north of the city, while the 
 Third Brigade occupied the town. The Seven- 
 teenth Corps crossed Broad River during the 
 night, and the left wing effected a crossing at a 
 point above.
 
 284 VTCKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 The enemy, under Wade Hampton, had evacu- 
 ated the city on the previous day, and retired 
 toward Charlotte. Beauregard had been present, 
 and directed the evacuation, and had also sent 
 instructions to Hardee, at Charleston, to abandon 
 that city, as our success at Columbia rendered it 
 useless to attempt to hold the place longer. Its 
 communications were severed with Savannah, 
 Augusta and Columbia, while Wilmington was 
 already environed, if not occupied, by our forces 
 under Terry. 
 
 The beautiful city of Columbia, where the first 
 secession Convention met to precipitate the South- 
 ern States into rebellion, suffered a terrible fate on 
 the night succeeding its occupation by our forces. 
 Early in the evening a fire was discovered in the 
 heart of the city. The wind was blowing strongly 
 from the south-west, and the flames spread rapidly, 
 in spite of every effort to check their progress. 
 The fire engines soon failed, and the city was 
 abandoned to its inevitable fate. 
 
 More than half the city was consumed, including 
 the entire business portion, the Ursuline Convent, 
 two Churches, and a large number of costly resi- 
 dences. . Such a scene we hope never to witness 
 again. Families fled in dismay from their man- 
 sions, with such articles of value as they could 
 carry with them, leaving all their magnificent 
 furniture to be destroyed. No pen can depict the
 
 SOUTH CAEOLINA CAMPAIGN. 285 
 
 fearful scene that prevailed through all that long 
 night. The flames lighted up the surrounding 
 country with the brightness of noon-day, while 
 the roar of the fierce conflagration and the crash 
 of falling buildings spoke of the onward progress 
 of the destructive element. Many houses were 
 saved by great exertion, and the fire was finally 
 checked. All night long the troops stationed in 
 the city aided the citizens, who were fleeing from 
 their dwellings, in saving some of their most val- 
 uable effects, or labored for the arrest of the con- 
 flagration, by protecting occupied buildings from 
 taking fire. The Regiment worked faithfully, 
 and forgetful of the enmity of the citizens 
 assisted them to the utmost in the defense of 
 property, for which they received the thanks of 
 those they aided. 
 
 If has been charged upon General Sherman that 
 the destruction of Columbia was an act of wanton 
 barbarity, authorized by himself. Nothing is 
 farther from the truth. The burning of the city 
 was the result of incendiarism, and none of the 
 military authorities contemplated or approved the 
 firing of any occupied buildings, in town or coun- 
 try. It was the sole purpose of General Sherman 
 to destroy public property, valuable to the interests 
 of the rebellion. And in the general system of 
 foraging adopted, as well as in the destruction of 
 more substantial property, it was not designed to
 
 286 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 produce individual suffering, but to diminish the 
 resources of the enemy. But acts of carelesness 
 will be committed by individuals, and the burning 
 of Columbia may be ranked in that list of unau- 
 thorized deeds of violence that mark the progress 
 of all wars. 
 
 The real purpose of General Sherman was 
 effected subsequently, in the complete destruction 
 of the depots, machine-shops, arsenal, and Con- 
 federate stores of various kinds. The large collec- 
 tion of tnedical supplies abandoned by the enemy 
 had been destroyed in the burning of the city. 
 The material for the manufacture of Confederate 
 Treasury Notes which was exclusively carried on 
 at Columbia, was only partial, the greater part of 
 the machinery and paper having been removed. 
 Large quantities of imported paper, for the manu- 
 facture of Cotton Bonds, were destroyed, and the 
 publishing establishments of Evans & Cogswell, and 
 Keating & Ball shared the same fate. 
 
 Among the books published by the former house 
 was one entitled " Camp and Field, or Papers from 
 the Portfolio of an Army Chaplain," by Joseph 
 Cross, D. D., of Charleston. This book excelled, 
 in glaring falsehoods, all we had ever seen in the 
 productions of the rebel press, not excepting the 
 editorials of the Richmond Examiner, Enquirer, 
 Whig, and Dispatch. The author of this infamous 
 book was nursed in the North, educated at Caze- 
 novia, New York, and had prostituted his abilities
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA CAMPAIGN. 287 
 
 to the most shameful ahuse of those who had 
 imparted instruction in early manhood to this 
 English-born villifier. The book was doubtless 
 designed to rouse the sinking courage and hope of 
 the Southern masses. In common with the litera- 
 ture of the Great Rebellion, this production of the 
 cultivated intellect of the South in its subservi- 
 ency to a vile system of oppression will stand, 
 in future generations, as an evidence of barbarism 
 in the midst of civilization. 
 
 The work of destruction at Columbia, and on 
 the railroads east, west, and north, was completed 
 on the 19th of February, the left wing having been 
 employed on the line of the Charlotte and South 
 Carolina Railroad, the Seventeenth Corps upon the 
 Greenville Railroad,and the Fifteenth Corps on the 
 Columbia Branch of the South Carolina Railroad 
 and in the city. In removing the shells from the 
 arsenal to the river a fearful explosion occurred, 
 killing a Captain and several men, and shaking 
 the city like an earthquake. 
 
 On the 20th of February the army again moved 
 forward, none knowing whither. Various rumors 
 prevailed as to our destination, most regarding 
 "Wilmington as the probable objective point. The 
 enemy was led to expect our advance upon Char- 
 lotte, toward which place the left wing was already 
 moving, on the evacuation of Columbia. 
 
 The Regiment was the last of the army to leave
 
 288 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 the desolated Capital of South Carolina. Adjutant 
 Parks remained behind the command, and was 
 captured by a squad of rebel cavalry who imme- 
 diately entered the city on our withdrawal. 
 Through the assistance of a friendly citizen he 
 succeeded in effecting his escape during the ensu- 
 ing night, and reached the command the next day. 
 
 The right wing moved directly northward, reach- 
 ing the Catawba River on the evening of the 22nd, 
 having marched forty-eight miles in as many hours. 
 The left wing advanced as far north as Winnsboro, 
 when the whole army turned toward the east. 
 The occurrence of heavy rains delayed the cross- 
 ing of the Fourteenth Corps while the right wing 
 . had effected a crossing at Peay's Ferry, near 
 Liberty Hill, on the morning of the 23rd. 
 
 In attempting to swim his mule across the 
 river, above the Ferry, Samuel Humble, of Com- 
 pany F, was drowned. Being heavily loaded he 
 sunk in full view of his comrades, who could 
 render him no assistance. 
 
 The Corps advanced to Lynche's Creek, Febru- 
 ary 26th, where we were delayed four days by the 
 high water, which overflowed the ewampy bottoms 
 along the Creek and rendered a passage impossible. 
 
 The troops moved forward on the 2nd of March, 
 the Seventeenth Corps moved forward rapidly to 
 Cheraw, occupying that place on the 3rd, and tak- 
 ing seventeen pieces of artillery, abandoned by the 
 enemy on his retreat across the Great Pedee
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA CAMPAIGN. 289 
 
 Johnston had been placed in command of all the 
 forces that could be collected to oppose the pro- 
 gress of Sherman, and had recently assumed com- 
 mand at this place, retiring, as usual, on our 
 advance. On the 3rd of March the Fifteenth 
 Corps reached the vicinity of Cheraw, and on the 
 morning of the 4th camped north of the town> 
 having marched thirty-five miles since leaving 
 Lynche's Creek. 
 
 A cavalry force was ordered to Florence, from 
 Cheraw, to destroy communications and stores, 
 there and on the way. The Seventh and Ninth 
 Illinois, and Twenty-seventh Missouri Mounted 
 Infantry, and the detailed foragers of the Fifteenth 
 Corps the entire force numbering six hundred 
 men were designated for the expedition, and 
 Colonel Williams assigned to command. We 
 advanced to within four miles of Darlington, and 
 camped for the night. A detachment of the 
 Twenty-ninth Missouri was sent out, under Cap- 
 tain Hart, to destroy the depot and supplies at 
 Dove's Station, which was succesfully accom- 
 plished, together with four passenger, and eleven 
 freight cars. The supplies consisted of wheat, 
 corn, and bacon, in small quantities. 
 
 Early on the morning of the 5th the force was 
 on its way, reaching Darlington at 8 A. M., wher& 
 a detachment was left to destroy, the depot and 
 supplies, and the main force pushed forward to
 
 290 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 Florence. Moving rapidly across the Wilmington 
 and Manchester Railroad, we reached the rear of 
 Florence, and made preparations for attack. The 
 enemy moved out to jneet us, engaging our skir- 
 mishers at Pettigrew's plantation, south of the 
 town, and about a mile distant. The line of battle 
 was formed and advanced, driving the enemy back 
 to Florence, where a superior force of cavalry and 
 infantry awaited our attack. The advance of our 
 little band was met and checked, in the edge of 
 the town. A heavy fire was poured in from the 
 front, while it was ascertained that a force of 
 cavalry had been dispatched to our rear, for the 
 purpose of cutting oft' our retreat, 
 
 Finding the place too strong for assault, and 
 aware of the danger of delay, Colonel Williams 
 at once ordered the troops withdrawn, and com- 
 menced the return march in good order and with- 
 out haste. Our loss was slight, most of the wound- 
 ed being brought off. We captured thirty prison- 
 ers, losing seven men in wounded and missing. The 
 enemy pursued vigorously to Society Hill, where 
 he captured a Lieutenant and one private of the 
 Twenty-ninth Missouri the next morning. The 
 expedition reached Cheraw on the 6th, having 
 destroyed the depots at Darlington and Dove's 
 Station, four hundred yards of trestle work, two 
 hundred and fifty bales of cotton, fifteen cars, and
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA CAMPAIGN. 291 
 
 considerable quantities of supplies. For his ser- 
 vices on this occasion Colonel Williams received 
 the appointment of Brevet Brigadier General, to 
 date from March 13th, 1865. 
 
 A fearful explosion occurred at Cheraw, on the 
 morning of March 6th, which shook the earth for 
 more than thirty miles. The ammunition aban- 
 doned by the enemy had been carlessly thrown 
 into a deep ravine near town. Several J;ons of 
 powder and shells were left thus exposed to igni- 
 tion. Meanwhile troops were crossing the river, 
 and Woods' Brigade had halted at this point, 
 awaiting the order to cross. The Regiment was 
 in close proximity to the dangerous spot, when, by 
 some unknown means, the whole mass exploded, 
 filling the air with fragments of shell and splinters 
 from buildings destroyed by the shock. Forty 
 persons were killed and wounded, and many more 
 stunned by the concussion. Four of the Regiment 
 were injured, but none dangerously. 
 
 The march was resumed on the 7th, and on the 
 following day we reached Laurelfiill, North Caro- 
 lina, in the midst of a heavy rain. 
 
 The march from this place was performed in the 
 midst of almost insuperable difficulties. The rain 
 of the previous day had rendered the roads almost 
 impassable, and on the afternoon of the 9th a 
 deluge was poured out upon the already saturated 
 earth. The roads were easily repaired, where rails
 
 292 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 were accessible, the fences along the line of march 
 being used for corduroy. But on reaching a low, 
 swampy, pine region, with a deep quicksand just 
 below the surface, into which the wagons sunk, 
 through the yielding earth, the progress of the 
 trains was next to impossible. All through that 
 long night the troops toiled to extricate the wagons 
 from the mire, as one by one they required aid, 
 and some were hopelessly engulfed in the sandy 
 bed, where they were left, after their contents had 
 been destroyed. Others were brought through the 
 following morning, after such a trial as even army 
 teamsters seldom experience. A brief rest, on the 
 morning of the 10th, was succeeded by the renewed 
 toils of the march, but upon a firmer foundation 
 after crossing Lumber River. But the use of rails 
 was frequently necessary, and many a mile of our 
 route was paved with the fences of the planters, 
 who had a fine opportunity of repairing them on 
 the return of spring. 
 
 The scene presented by the refugees, on this 
 occasion, was worthy of the attention of an artist. 
 The more fortunate, who had secured comfortable 
 carriages on leaving Columbia, could pass the time 
 very composedly. But the less favored, with jaded 
 mules dragging dilapidated buggies, wagons and 
 carts, loaded with men, women and children, black 
 and white, took very little comfort on that dismal 
 night. . Least of all did those poor women and
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA CAMPAIGN. 293 
 
 children on foot enjoy the weary hours. One poor, 
 .old, and blind colored woman, led by a frail girl, 
 both bearing heavy burdens, and sinking into the 
 soft earth at every step, and a little child not more 
 than three years old, tugging to get through the 
 mud, while the mother carried her babe in her 
 arms, awakened a feeling of deep pity in the heart 
 of the thoughtful man. Yet they patiently per- 
 severed, deriving consolation from the hope of 
 freedom. One man promptly replied to our inqui- 
 ry, if he thought freedom would repay him for 
 such hardships, " O yes massa, if I should die 
 now I am well paid for it all in being free." Let 
 none say that the bondmen do not love their liber- 
 ty, when such cheerfulness is manifested in the 
 midst of trials attendant upon the pursuit of that 
 object. 
 
 After a toilsome march of sixty miles the troops 
 reached Fayettville, which had been evacuated by 
 Johnston on our approach. The city was occupied 
 by the Fourteenth Corps on the llth of March. 
 The right wing reached the place on the following 
 day, securing communications with Wilmington, 
 and receiving Northern papers, after six weeks of 
 silence in the 'heart of the Confederacy. Letters 
 were also sent to the friends at home but no mail 
 \vas received. 
 
 Fayetteville was held for a few days, the exten- 
 sive arsenal being thoroughly destroyed by the
 
 294 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 First Michigan Engineers. The refugees and sick 
 were sent to Wilmington, and a few supplies 
 brought up for the army. 
 
 We had now marched three hundred and fifty 
 miles without communications or supplies, cutting 
 all the lines of the enemy's communication on the 
 route, securing the possession of Charleston, and 
 shutting up the foe in the States of Virginia and 
 North Carolina, and all without a general engage- 
 ment, and but three or four skirmishes of any 
 magnitude.
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 BATTLE OF BENTONVILLE. 
 
 The army was again put in motion, March 15th, 
 the left wing moving in the direction of Raleigh, 
 and the right wing toward Goldsboro, A brisk 
 engagement took place on the 16th, at Averysboro, 
 between the advance of the left wing and the 
 enemy's rear guard, for the protection of his trains, 
 which were hindered in their progress by the heavy 
 roads. To facilitate our movements, the brigade 
 and supply trains had been left behind, the main 
 body of the army pushing forward with the ord- 
 nance train. Hence the enemy was so pressed that 
 that he was forced to fight to save his train. The 
 forces engaged sustained severe losses, but the 
 enemy having attained his object, in checking our 
 progress, withdrew from our front, and the pursuit 
 was renewed. 
 
 Our Brigade was assigned to duty as train guard, 
 March 15th, and moved on the following morning,
 
 296 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 in charge of the entire Corps train, consisting of 
 nearly a thousand wagons. The condition of the 
 roads was such that progress was almost impossible. 
 Rain continued to fall, and the prospect seemed 
 dark before us. It became necessary to corduroy 
 nearly the entire distance traveled during the after- 
 noon and the ensuing night. The pioneers and 
 troops struggled on in their laborious duties, and 
 the train was moved only two miles from noon of 
 the 16th to 8 o'clock the next morning. In the 
 twenty-four hours we had made but eight miles, 
 overcoming obstacles that might be deemed insur- 
 mountable. On the 17th, we succeeded in reach- 
 ing and crossing South River, a distance of five 
 miles. The greatest difficulties had now been 
 overcome, and the roads became better, enabling 
 us to make a distance of twelve miles on the 18th, 
 crossing the Little Cohera on the route. On the 
 19th, the train moved ten miles, and on the 20th, 
 eight, making an aggregate distance of forty-three 
 miles in five days. On the evening of the 20th, 
 the Brigade was ordered forward, leaving the train 
 in charge of the troops guarding the Seventeenth 
 Corps train. 
 
 Distant cannonading had been heard during the 
 19th, in the direction of the left wing, where a 
 severe battle was in progress on that day. The 
 enemy threw a heavy force upon the First Division 
 of the Fourteenth Corps, pressing it back, and
 
 BATTLE OF BENTONVILLE. 297 
 
 threatening disaster to the entire army. The Se- 
 cond Division resisted the progress of the advanc- 
 ing foe, and the Third Division of the Twentieth 
 Corps came up as a 'support, checking the furious 
 assault, and driving the assailants back with heavy 
 loss. The right wing pushed forward to the scene 
 of action, Hazen's Division moving at double 
 quick to the support of the endangered flank, but 
 the tide of battle had turned in our favor before 
 their arrival. This engagement took place near 
 the little town of Bentonville. 
 
 On the following day, the right wing met some 
 opposition, which was readily overcome, and the 
 enemy retired from our right toward Bentonville, 
 pressed closely by our forces, deployed as skir- 
 mishers. The Second Brigade was again engaged, 
 driving the enemy with ease from one point to 
 another. On our arrival at the front, on the 21st, 
 the troops were ordered into the entrenchments, 
 constructed during the previous night. 
 
 Brisk skirmishing continued during the day in 
 our front, while the Seventeenth Corps advanced 
 on the right. Mower's Division drove the enemy 
 from his position, pressing forward his right flank 
 into the town of Bentonville, where Johnston had 
 his headquarters. Had this movement been sup- 
 ported, the only avenue of retreat left open to the 
 enemy, by which he could have saved his trains 
 and artillery, would have been in our possession.
 
 298 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 With the energy of despair, the enemy rallied 
 all the forces he could muster to resist our further 
 advance, by which our flank was not only checked 
 but driven back to its original position. . Johnston 
 became alarmed for his safety, and hastily with- 
 drew during the following night, toward Raleigh, 
 crossing the IS'euse, and destroying the bridges on 
 his route. 
 
 The troops advanced to Bentonville on the 
 morning of the 22nd, where General Sherman 
 issued orders, declaring the campaign ended, and 
 announcing the occupation of Goldsboro by Gene- 
 ral Schofield, from Newbern, and the arrival of 
 General Terry, from Wilmington. The army was 
 at once put in motion for Goldsboro, where the 
 troops arrived on the 24th of March. 
 
 The disposition of the forces for the defense of 
 the place was as follows : General Schofield, with 
 the Twenty -third and a portion of the Tenth 
 Corps, occupied the city and the fortified lines to 
 the west, with the cavalry in his front, several 
 miles distant. The Army of Georgia, under com- 
 mand of Major General Slocum, held the lines 
 north of the city, while -the Army of the Tennessee 
 occupied the east, and General Terry, with two 
 Divisions each of the Twenty-fourth and Twenty- 
 fifth Corps, held the line of the Neuse, to the 
 south, the whole force numbering nearly 100,000 
 men.
 
 BATTLE OF BENTONVILLE. 299 
 
 Here the army received the accumulated mail of 
 two months, which was most welcome after so long 
 suspension of all mail facilities. Supplies were 
 also received from Newbern, and active prepara- 
 tions for a new campaign at once began to mark 
 all the camps. 
 
 Our past success had inspired unshaken confi- 
 dence in future triumph, and no name was more 
 applauded than that of General Sherman. Ilia 
 wonderful career from Chattanooga to Atlanta, 
 thence to Savannah, and now to Goldsboro, through 
 the heart of the Carolinas, had made him the idol 
 of his army, and no troops ever loved a leader 
 more than the veterans of the west, in whose esti- 
 mation "Uncle Billy," as he was familiarly 
 termed, was the ideal of military perfection. When 
 he had fighting to do, he could rely on brave men 
 to meet the foe, and when on a flank movement, 
 none could excel his army in celerity. In foraging 
 to supply the lack of subsistence, the world never 
 produced the equal of the troops with which " Sher- 
 man marched down to the sea." 
 
 One characteristic feature of the army has been 
 omitted in the description of the scenes of those 
 campaigns through which we had passed during 
 the winter. This is the genuine "bummer," a 
 name heretofore applied to the genteel sharpers of 
 the California gold region, who make their living 
 upon the labor of others. The application of the
 
 300 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 term to the character of a systematic forager ia 
 not inappropriate, as he may be said to pursue 
 the same calling with his Pacific prototype, though 
 under cover of military necessity, which legitima- 
 tizes numerous irregularities of life, according to 
 the morals of the code belligerent. 
 
 The genuine " bummer " is not a detailed fora- 
 ger, collecting provisions for himself and comrades, 
 but a self-constituted collector of choice articles, 
 particularly gold and silver coin, plate, jewelry, 
 watches, etc., things easily conveyed to general ren- 
 dezvous. Many of the foragers donned the air and 
 habits of the " regulars," and revele^ in the pos- 
 session of numerous precious mementoes, not 
 essential to clothe and feed the hungry soldier. 
 While the army lay in camp at Goldsboro, the 
 practice of foraging, except by detail of regiments, 
 was suspended, cutting off from the exercise of 
 this summary mode of collecting tribute all except 
 the real " bummers." They were not acting 
 under the authority of General Sherman, though 
 belonging to his army, and dressed in Federal uni- 
 form. In their peculiar province they required no 
 rations, were indifferent to greenbacks when gold 
 and silver were accessible and scorned Confede- 
 rate notes, except to keep a sufiicient amount on 
 hand to pay the citizens for a good dinner each 
 day. These industrious practitioners in their pro- 
 fession kept aloof from camp, during the entire
 
 BATTLE OF BENTONVILLE. 301 
 
 period that the army spent at Goldsboro, carrying 
 on their business in the surrounding country^ 
 beyond the theatre of operations of the rebel 
 cavalry, who formed a protection against intrusion 
 from our lines by less venturous characters. On 
 the advance of the army, they also moved forward, 
 always keeping themselves informed of the mili- 
 tary situation, and reporting to their commands on 
 the march, when they might resume their pursuits 
 more openly, under the character of foragers. 
 Such were the genuine "bummers" of Sherman's 
 army. 
 
 On the 6th of April, the glorious news of the 
 fall of Richmond and Petersburg reached the 
 army from Newbern, and filled our hearts with 
 joy. The report was at first circulated verbally, 
 and was received with distrust by many who had 
 been deceived by previous official dispatches. And 
 when the telegram of General Schurz, just arrived 
 at Newbern from City Point, was promulgated, 
 some still refused to believe, and were only con- 
 vinced by the official dispatches of Secretary Stan- 
 ton, announcing the complete triumph of Grant 
 over Lee and the retreat of the latter, closely 
 pressed by the victorious army. 
 
 The effect of this intelligence cannot be de- 
 scribed. All saw the doom of the Southern Con- 
 federacy, written in blazing lines and glorious 
 deeds of valor. The period of suffering and 
 sacrifice for our country's safety was approaching
 
 802 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 its termination, and would soon end in the com- 
 plete destruction of the two armies of Lee and 
 Johnston. "With the entire sea-coast in our posses- 
 sion, and the lines of communication severed 
 between these armies and the Gulf States, and 
 with the splendid combinations of military skill 
 on the part of the leaders of our several armies, 
 the escape of the rebel forces from impending dis- 
 aster was utterly impossible. Grant in close pursuit 
 of Lee's remnant of an army once powerful, 
 Sherman in close proximity to Johnston, and 
 Thomas advancing into North Carolina from East 
 Tennessee, shut the enemy up to his inevitable 
 fate. 
 
 The efficiency of our cavalry was never more 
 manifest. Sheridan had annihilated Early in the 
 glorious campaign in the Shenaridoah Valley, 
 sweeping all organized resistance before him in 
 Northern Virginia, and moving rapidly to the 
 north of Richmond, bearing destruction in his 
 course. Crossing the James, and passing to 
 Grant's left flank, he had aided essentially in the 
 accomplishment of the great triumph before Peters- 
 burg, and now was vigorously pursuing and harass- 
 ing the retreating foe, rendering his escape impos- 
 sible. Stoneman was also moving upon the North 
 Carolina Railroad at Salisbury, while Kilpatrick 
 was watching his antagonist, "Wade Hampton, 
 ever ready for the offensive upon our most exposed 
 flank.
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 ADVANCE UPON RALEIGH. 
 
 After two weeks of repose in camp, the army 
 moved forward upon the fortified position of the 
 enemy at Smithfield, April 10th. General Terry 
 held Goldsboro and its communications with New- 
 bern, while the main body of the army advanced 
 in the following order: General Schofield, with 
 the Tenth and Twenty-third Corps, moved up the 
 south bank of the Neuse, forming the left wing, 
 General Sldcum held the centre, and General How- 
 ard the right. 
 
 The Fifteenth Corps occupied the right flank, 
 with Woods' Division on the extreme right. The 
 centre moved directly toward Smithfield, along the 
 line of the North Carolina Railroad, while the 
 right wing followed the Wilmington and Weldon 
 Railroad toward the north. In the advance of the 
 First Division the rebel cavalry was in ou? front 
 and flank, disputing our progress. Some skirmish- 
 ing occurred during the day. Companies I and K
 
 304 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 were detailed as skirmishers, and drove the enemy 
 from his camp, which we occupied during the 
 night. No casualties occurred. 
 
 Johnston withdrew from his defenses toward 
 Raleigh, on the morning of our advance from 
 Goldsboro. It soon became evident that he was 
 not disposed to fight, and the prospect seemed to 
 indicate a chase of our old antagonist, who had so 
 often exhibited his skill in retreating before Sher- 
 man's forces, in Mississippi, Georgia and the Caro- 
 linas. Whether he would pause to defend Raleigh 
 seemed doubtful, and the event confirmed our 
 fears ; for the enemy hardly halted at the State 
 Capital, where no defenses had been constructed 
 since the period of our occupation of Newbern. 
 
 The receipt of official intelligence that Lee had 
 surrendered to Grant, at Appomattox, re-assured 
 all hearts that the end of the great conflict was at 
 hand. The desire to force Johnston to a like 
 course was general in the army, and the hope was 
 confidently entertained that such would be the 
 result, if he should attempt to make a stand. 
 
 On the llth of April, Wheeler's cavalry was ac- 
 tively employed on our flanks and rear, as well as 
 in front, not venturing to offer serious resistance, 
 but impeding our advance by the destruction of 
 bridges-, and watching for stragglers in the rear of 
 the column. The bridge over Little River, at 
 Falk's Church, was destroyed, necessitating the
 
 ADVANCE UPON RALEIGH. 805 
 
 destruction of the church to rebuild it The 
 enemy followed us to the river, and were only pre- 
 vented from crossing by the destruction of the 
 bridge a second time. 
 
 John Sturman and Aaron Cutshall, of Co. A, 
 were attacked in rear of the column, the same day, 
 by a party of mounted rebels. The latter was 
 captured, but afterward escaped. Sturman was 
 followed by one of the assailants and struck over 
 the head with a pistol, but retained his seat on the 
 horse he was riding. His gun was slung upon his 
 shoulder, and having no time for removing it, he 
 turned the muzzle backward upon the foe, and 
 fired at random, the ball penetrating the rebel's 
 heart. He dropped lifeless from his horse, which 
 kept on its course. Sturman caught the beast and 
 rode in triumph to the Regiment, and Cutshall 
 came in soon after. On returning to the spot 
 where the rebel was killed, and examining his 
 person, several articles were found which were at 
 once recognized as belonging to John Clark, of 
 Company G, who was supposed to be killed, but 
 who was afterwards exchanged. 
 
 Raleigh was occupied April 13th. On the 14th, 
 General Sherman reviewed the Fifteenth Corps, 
 subsequently reviewing the Seventeenth and Twen- 
 tieth Corps. The Fourteenth Corps advanced to 
 the Cape Fear River, where it remained during 
 the continuance of the army at Raleigh.
 
 306 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 On the 15th, all operations were suspended, and 
 the troops were excited by various rumors of the 
 surrender of Johnston. The day wore wearily 
 away, and no definite information relative to the 
 situation of affairs could be obtained. It was defi- 
 nitely known, on the next day, that a conference 
 was in progress between Generals Sherman and 
 Johnston, but of the probable results all were alike 
 ignorant. 
 
 In the midst of this anxiety relative to the result 
 of the negotiations for surrender, and while all 
 stood still, after the rejoicing over our success at 
 Richmond, in expectation of the full cup of joy in 
 the assurance that Johnston, too, had surrendered 
 his entire army to Sherman at this moment of 
 intense interest, the astounding intelligence of the 
 assassination of President Lincoln fell, like a clap 
 of thunder from the clear sky, upon the hearts of 
 our -noble army. The shock was indescribable. 
 Mingled emotions of grief, indignation, and horror 
 thrilled every soul. The ashen lips of brave men 
 almost refused to speak the terrible truth, while 
 the great deep of sorrow was stirred. It could not 
 be true, yet it came so directly that it would be 
 folly to dispute its correctness. The previous sub- 
 ject of our thoughts was banished from the mind, 
 and each man buried himself in secret reflection 
 upon the enormity of the crime that had been 
 committed in the interest of the rebellion, and at
 
 ADVANCE UPON RALEIGH. S07 
 
 the moment of its last expiring gasp. It really 
 seemed that the climax of wickedness- had been 
 reserved for the closing scene in the long and 
 bloody drama that had been enacted upon the 
 stage of our broad national domain. 
 
 Alas ! the first rumors were confirmed by the 
 official announcement of the sad event in a special 
 order of General Sherman, who had received a 
 telegram from Secretary Stanton on the 17th. 
 Great indignation was aroused by the full assur- 
 ance of the truth, and it was with difficulty that 
 the city of Raleigh was saved from destruction. 
 The rebel citizens who had long despised their 
 former humble townsman, Andrew Johnson, now 
 elevated to the Executive office by the foul crime 
 committed at Washington, suddenly discovered 
 that the South had lost a friend in our martyred 
 President, and, like Pilate, they at once washed 
 their hands of all guilt. 
 
 This excitement was soon succeeded by the sus- 
 pension of all hostilities between the two armies, 
 on the basis of the celebrated terms of agreement 
 adopted in conference between Generals Sherman 
 and Johnston. 
 
 This order assured us of the virtual restoration 
 of peace upon equitable terms, which only needed 
 the approval of the Executive to secure the full 
 object of all our sacrifices. The agreement between 
 the two commanders was already on its way to
 
 308 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 "Washington when the army received the above 
 order, and -its acceptance and approval were confi- 
 dently anticipated. In the meantime the troops 
 were placed in camps as directed in the order, and 
 the army awaited in quiet the announcement of 
 the final termination of the struggle. 
 
 On the 24th of April it became generally known 
 that the terms of agreement forwarded to Wash- 
 ington had been disapproved, and that General 
 Grant had reached Raleigh, ordering the imme- 
 diate resumption of hostilities, after giving John- 
 ston the two days notice, agreed upon in confer- 
 ence, in case of the disapproval of the basis of 
 agreement. The notice was at once given to 
 Johnston, and orders were issued to the army to 
 be in readiness for an advance upon the enemy on 
 the 26th. The quiet of camp was exchanged for 
 busy preparation for renewing the conflict. 
 
 But our further movement was rendered unnec- 
 essary by a second conference, in which Johnston 
 accepted the same terms of surrender for the army 
 under his command as were granted to Lee at 
 Appomattox, thus ending all hostilities from the 
 Potomac to the Chattahoochee, and leaving only 
 the armies under Dick Taylor and Kirby Smith to 
 be surrendered. These two soon accepted the same 
 terms accorded to Lee and Johnston, and the war 
 for the Union was ended.
 
 ADVANCE UPON RALEIGH.' 309 
 
 The comments of the press upon the course of 
 General Sherman were severe, and much ill feeling 
 was engendered in consequence of the " Sher- 
 man-Johnston Conference." Much unnecessary 
 anxiety was manifested in reference to the designs 
 of General Sherman, and grave accusations were 
 preferred against him by the press. But his ready 
 compliance with his instructions proved the in teg-* 
 rity of purpose by which he was actuated. Though 
 injudicious in the estimation of the great body 
 of his own army in the approval of the terms of 
 agreement, the troops retained for him the same 
 respect and confidence he had so long shared, and 
 they would have followed him into battle with the 
 same readiness that they had so often evinced. 
 And to the last hour of their service they were 
 ready to cheer as heartily for Sherman as for Grant 
 himself. 
 
 The period of strife had now really ceased in all 
 the insurgent States bordering on the Atlantic. It 
 was difficult to realize that the roar and smoke of 
 battle had passed away, and that our ears would 
 no more be saluted with the terrible sounds that 
 had become so familiar, in the long and bloody 
 strife for the permanency of the institutions estab- 
 lished by our fathers. Fondly we looked forward 
 to home and friends. Slowly the days passed by, 
 while awaiting the order for our last march.
 
 310 VICKSBURQ TO RALEIGH. 
 
 In the interval occurring between the surrender 
 of Johnston, which was arranged in conference, 
 April 25th, and the receipt of marching orders for 
 Washington, very little of special interest trans- 
 pired. The four Corps composing the Armies of 
 the Tennessee and Georgia were directed to pre- 
 pare for the return march, without ordnance trains, 
 and all was in readiness for the movement by the 
 last of April. The Twenty-third Corps was order- 
 ed to remain in North Carolina. 
 
 The following promotions were made during 
 this period : 
 
 Sergeant Major Jesse H. Cochran, to Quarter- 
 master, vice Lee, resigned, March 26th, 1865. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant John B. Maguire, Company K, 
 to 2nd Lieutenant, vice O'Shaughnessy, resigned, 
 April 19th, 1865.
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 HOMEWARD BOUND. 
 
 On the 29th of April the Army of the Tennessee 
 commenced the march to Richmond, via Louis- 
 burg, Warrenton, Lawrenceville, and Petersburg, 
 the Army of Georgia moving at the same time and 
 for the same destination, via Oxford, Boydton, and 
 Nottoway Court House. All foraging was pro- 
 hibited, and all necessary supplies were purchased 
 by the Commissaries. The march was quiet and 
 orderly, showing that strict discipline might be 
 secured and the property of our subdued enemies 
 respected, after the strife had ceased. 
 
 The Army of the Tennessee reached Petersburg 
 May 7th, having marched one hundred and forty- 
 eight miles from the Neuse River in seven days. 
 The Army of Georgia reached Manchester, oppo- 
 site Richmondj at the same time. In thus pushing 
 the troops forward General Sherman's orders, 
 which provided for slow and easy marches and
 
 312 VICKSBCTRG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 allowed fifteen days to reach Richmond and be in 
 readiness to resume the march for Washington, 
 were disregarded. 
 
 After a day's rest at Petersburg, giving the 
 troops an opportunity of observing the numerous 
 points of interest on the extended field of Grant's 
 operations, we again moved forward, reaching 
 Manchester May 10th, and camping in view of the 
 late rebel Capital. 
 
 The army remained in the vicinity of Richmond 
 three days, during which time many viewed the 
 city and those places of historic cruelty, Libby 
 Prison, Castle Thunder, and Belle Isle. 
 
 General Halleck had proposed to review the 
 army of General Sherman in Richmond, in the 
 absence of the latter, who arrived in time to put 
 an injunction upon the proceedings, declaring that 
 he would march his army around Richmond, 
 rather than suffer Halleck to review his troops. 
 
 The Army of Georgia crossed the James and 
 marched through the city, on the 12th of May, 
 followed on the morning of the 13th by the Army 
 of the Tennessee. The Regiment was the last of 
 Sherman's army to tread the streets of the late 
 rebel Capital. 
 
 Grant's army had preceded us to Washington, 
 followed by the cavalry under Sheridan. For 
 more than fifty miles an almost unbroken column 
 of troops and trains pushed forward on a single
 
 HOMEWARD BOUND. 313 
 
 road, via Hanover Court House, Bowling Green 
 and Fredericksburg, the left wing diverging from 
 the main route, and passing over the bloody fields 
 of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania Court House. 
 
 The right wing moved via Stafford Court House, 
 through a region desolated by war, and reached 
 the Potomac at Dumfries, camping at Occoquan, 
 May, 18th. On the following day Woods' Divi- 
 sion marched to Alexandria, via Mount Yernon, 
 the troops passing, at shoulder arms, before the 
 tomb of Washington, an honor which no other 
 body of troops ever shared. It was a solemn spec- 
 tacle, and one most appropriate to the occasion of 
 our triumph and the character of the illustrious 
 dead. 
 
 The army camped in the vicinity of Alexandria 
 till the 23d, moving across the Potomac, at Long 
 Bridge, on the 24th, and passing in the Grand 
 Review, before President Johnson, and the Cabi- 
 net, General Grant and his subordinates, in the 
 presence of an immense and enthusiastic throng 
 of the joyful people, assembled from all parts of 
 the loyal States to witness the grandest display 
 ever presented on the American continent, and 
 one never surpassed in the old world. It was an 
 honor to move in that grand army, and share in 
 the applause and grateful affections of the people, 
 to whom we were just returning from the scenes 
 of conflict and of triumph.
 
 814 VICKSBURQ TO KALEIGH. 
 
 It was the privilege of the .Regiment to lead the 
 column, on the morning of the 24th. The extent 
 of the crowd collected to witness the grand pa- 
 geant, and the degree of enthusiasm that prevailed 
 along the route, from the Capitol to the point of 
 divergence from Pennsyvania Avenue, could only 
 be appreciated by passing through on the line of 
 march. The memory of the scenes then witnessed 
 will never grow dim, but will be cherished by the 
 soldier as a part of the reward bestowed upon him 
 by the loyal masses of the people. 
 
 Nothing now remained to be done but to muster 
 out the troops, designated for discharge by order 
 of the War Department. This order embraced 
 the three following classes : 1st, All regimental 
 organizations other than re-enlisted veterans, whose 
 term of service would expire prior to October 1st, 
 1865 ; 2nd, All recruits in old organizations whose 
 term of service would expire previous to the same 
 date ; 3rd, All recruits in the several organizations, 
 for one year's service, whose term should expire 
 prior to that date. 
 
 The Regiment was included in the first class, 
 excepting the recruits received subsequent to Octo- 
 ber 1st, 1862. Of this class two hundred and 
 thirty were detached from the Regiment, May 31st, 
 and retained in service with the organizations not 
 included in the order, and were mustered out in 
 July following. As rapidly as the rolls could be
 
 HOMEWARD BOUND. 315 
 
 prepared the troops entitled to discharge were mus- 
 tered out at Washington, and ordered to their 
 respective States to receive discharge and payment. 
 The rolls of the Regiment were in readiness early 
 in June, and the muster out was dated June 8th, 
 1865, the discharges also bearing that date, but 
 payment continuing to date of arrival at the desig- 
 nated rendezvous for payment and discharge. 
 
 The following officers were promoted to fill 
 vacancies during the continuance of the Regiment 
 at Washington, but were not mustered in the rank 
 to which they were commissioned, in consequence 
 of immediate muster out in their previous rank : 
 
 Captain Samuel Boughter, Co. F, to Major, vice 
 Baldwin, promoted. 
 
 1st Lieutenant Alonzo II. Hubbard, Co. F, to 
 Captain, vice Boughter, promoted. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Thomas C. Lessig, Co. F, to 
 1st Lieutenant, vice Hubbard, promoted. 
 
 Sergeant Benjamin F. Mankin, to 2nd Lieuten- 
 ant, vice Webster, promoted. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant John C. Lewman, Co. A, to 
 2nd Lieutenant, vice Conner, resigned. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant William H. Ellis, Co. C, to 
 2nd Lieutenant, vice Williams, promoted. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Amos J. Osborne, Co. D, to 
 2nd Lieutenant, vice Murray, promoted. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Greenleaf N. Gilbert, Co. E, 
 to 2nd Lieutenant, vice Shenafelt, promoted.
 
 316 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 Sergeant Charles F. Hardin, Co. G, to 2nd Lieu- 
 tenant, vice Copper, promoted. 
 
 Sergeant Logan P. Herod, Co. H, to 2nd Lieu- 
 tenant, vice Jones promoted. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant William H. Sparrow, Co. I, to 
 2nd Lieutenant, vice Andrew, promoted. 
 
 On the 9th of June we left Washington, with 
 the Ninety-seventh and One Hundredth Indiana 
 Volunteers. A tedious ride of two days over the 
 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was succeeded by a 
 delightful passage down the Ohio, to Lawrence- 
 burg, where we arrived June 13th, reaching Indi- 
 anapolis on the following morning. A public 
 reception was given the several Regiments, and a 
 glowing address delivered by our noble Governor, 
 whose interest in the welfare of the Indiana troops 
 in the field had ever been manifested in active 
 effort for their efficiency and comfort. The words 
 which he addressed to the veterans of 1862 were 
 as fully appreciated as had been his faithful labors 
 in our behalf for three long years of toil, privation 
 and danger. >; 
 
 The Regiment received pay and discharge, June 
 20th, and the organization with which we had 
 served no longer had an existence. The members 
 were soon on their way home, where warm greet- 
 ings awaited them. But in many homes there was 
 deep sorrow. The friends of our fallen comrades 
 mourned in the full realization of their loss.
 
 HOMEWARD BOUND. 317 
 
 While joy came to other homes with the return of 
 long absent husbands, fathers, sons, and brothers, 
 a deeper grief than the afflicted had ever experi- 
 enced came to homes desolated by the fearful 
 ravages of war. Our rejoicing should be tempered 
 with sympathy for those who mourn, and fervent 
 gratitude should dwell in all our hearts and con- 
 tinually ascend to God who has so signally pre- 
 served us in the midst of all our perils.
 
 CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 The record of our toils and sacrifices cannot be 
 better closed than by introducing the Farewell 
 Address of General Williams, in which the ser- 
 vices of the Regiment are briefly reviewed : 
 
 HEAD-QUARTERS 12iH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTKT, 1 
 INDIANAPOLIS, Ind., 19th June, 1865. / 
 
 OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS : 
 
 Your Commanding Officer addresses you for the last time as an 
 organization. In a few more hours the Twelfth Indiana will live 
 in history alone. Its members, the heroes of many a hard fought 
 battle, will soon have separated, to gladden, by their presence, 
 the firesides of the homes from which* they have been. BO long 
 absent. 
 
 Your commander embraces the opportunity, before we sepa- 
 rate, to pay tribute to the devotion with which you have served 
 your country during the long and bloody struggle from which we 
 have just emerged. Your conduct upon many bloody fields 
 attests the high regard you have borne the " starry banner" 
 the emblem of our nationality. 
 
 You return to your State with Richmond, Ky., Vicksburg, 
 Jackson, Miss., Mission Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, 
 Kenesaw Mountain, Nickajack Creek, Atlanta, 20th, 21st, 22nd
 
 CONCLUSION. 319 
 
 and 28th July, Jonesboro, Savannah, Griswoldville, Columbiar, 
 8. C., Bentonville and Raleigh inscribed upon your colors. The 
 blood of six hundred of your comrades defines the manner in 
 which the Twelfth Regiment conducted itself upon these fields. 
 
 For more than four years your Regiment has had an existence. 
 Many of you have been present during the entire period, and all 
 of you have fought under the same battle-scarred colors for three 
 long years. You have numbered thirteen hundred men in all, 
 who have marched with you to battle. Nine hundred of your 
 number to-day do not answer to the call of the roll. The bones 
 of three hundred of these may be found in Kentucky, Tennessee, 
 Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, 
 the two Carolinas, and Virginia. Your feet have pressed the 
 soil of every Southern State save two (Texas and Florida.) You 
 have fought upwards of twenty distinct and bloody engagements ; 
 and have, in the same time, with knapsacks upon your backs and 
 guns upon your shoulders, marched upwards of six thousand 
 miles. 
 
 Your first bloody act in the great rebellion was the part sus- 
 tained by you in the battle of Richmond, Ky. 'You went into the 
 field at early morn ; through the entire day you were engaged. 
 No soldiers ever fought better than you did. Thirty killed and 
 one hundred and forty- three wounded speaks for the gallantry 
 with which your services were rendered on that memorable day. 
 It was there you lost your lamented commander, Colonel William 
 H. Link, who fell gloriously in the heat of battle. 
 
 From this ill-fated field, you visited the valley of the Missis- 
 sippi, and were attached to the grand old Army of the South- 
 west. With it you did your duty at Vicksburg and Jackson, 
 Miss. At a later day you hurried with Sherman to the relief of 
 the beleaguered artny at Chattanooga. You arrived there hun- 
 gry, tired, ragged and barefoot. No rest was allowed you. The 
 battle of Missionary Ridge was fought and won, and the army of 
 General Bragg driven in rout from that stronghold, though 
 mother earth drank blood from more than a hundred of your
 
 320 VICKSBURG TO RALEIGH. 
 
 comrades. Then followed the long mid-winter campaign to 
 Knoxville, which you accomplished without rations, sufficient 
 clothing, and scores of your number barefooted. Your com- 
 mander recollects well of many of your number encasing their 
 bleeding feet in strips of raw hide to protect them from the 
 snow and ice and sharp pointed rocks which met you at every 
 step. 
 
 Again, with the Fifteenth Corps, under the glorious Logan, 
 you participated in the great Atlanta campaign. You opened the 
 ball at Resaca, being the first regiment engaged, losing fifty-eight 
 in killed and wounded. From this time until the fall of Atlanta 
 you were scarcely ever out of reach of the enemy's fire. Your 
 losses during the campaign numbered two hundred and forty 
 killed and wounded. 
 
 Soon again you were on the war path, accompanying General 
 Sherman on his " March to the Sea," participating in the battle 
 of Griswoldville, and were frequently under fire during the 
 march and upon the occupation of Savannah. The grand tri- 
 umphal march of this army from Savannah to Columbia, S. C., 
 from thence to Raleigh and Washington City, is so well known 
 as to render comment useless. 
 
 "While at Washington, you had the honor of leading General 
 Sherman's grand army in the greatest review ever held upon this 
 continent, where, by your soldierly appearance, you elicited the 
 praise of thousands and tens of thousands of spectators who had 
 crowded thither from every part of our country to welcome your 
 arrival. 
 
 Many of our gallant officers are numbered with the dead. The 
 memory of Colonel W. H. Link, Captains Avaline, Beeson, Peo- 
 ples, Anderson and Huston, and Lieutenants Day, Wescott, 
 "Waters, Weaver and Kirkpatrick, who have given their lives to 
 their country, will ever be revered. I would gladly mention the 
 names of every man of your number who has fallen in this har- 
 vest of death, had I space to do so. Our sympathies shall ever 
 be enlisted in behalf of the gallant officers and men who have
 
 CONCLUSION. 321 
 
 been disabled from wounds received in action. Among those of 
 this class are Chaplain Gage, Quartermaster McClellan, Adjutant 
 Bond, Captains Price and Bowman, and Lieutenants Blackwell 
 and O'Shaughnessy, all of whom hare received severe and dan- 
 gerous wounds while in the line of duty. 
 
 During these years of service you have, by your strict observ- 
 ance of the duties of a soldier, acquired a reputation second to 
 no regiment from our State. Our State, its officials, your friends 
 and relatives have much reason to be proud of you. 
 
 The cordial and hearty support that both officers and men have 
 given me at all times and places is most satisfactory. I shall, in 
 after years, look back with pleasure to the three years that I was 
 connected with this Regiment, as its commanding officer. 
 
 Hoping that you may all prove as good citizens as you have 
 heretofore been faithful soldiers, and that peace and prosperity 
 will ever be your lot, 
 
 I am, your obedient servant, 
 
 REUB. WILLIAMS, 
 
 Brevt. Brig. Gen. U. S. A. 
 OFFICIAL : 
 
 MARSH. H. PARKS, 
 
 Act. Asst. Adj. Oen.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 The following lists embrace the names of all the members of the 
 Regiment during the term of service, with date of promotion, resig- 
 nation, discharge, death, or desertion of each, as copied from the 
 several Muster Rolls of the Field and Staff, and Companies: 
 
 FIELD AND STAFF. 
 
 Colonel WILLIAM H. LINK, died of wound, September 20th, 1862. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel REUBEN WILLIAMS, promoted to Colonel, No- 
 vember 17th, 1862; to Brevet Brigadier General, March 13th, 186; 
 discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Major SOL D. KKMFTON, resigned, June 9th, 1863. 
 
 Surgeon WILLIAM LOMAX, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 1st Asst. Surgeon ALFRED B. TAYLOR, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Adjutant' JAKED D. BOND, resigned, January 1864. 
 
 Quartermaster JAMES A. MCCLELLAN, resigned, June 1864. 
 
 Chaplain MOSES D. GAGE; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Sergeant Major Larrey D. McFarlane, died, February 21st, 1863. 
 
 Quartermaster Sergeant John H. Waters, promoted to 1st Lieuten- 
 ant, Co. A, April 30th, 1864 ; killed, July 28th, 1864. 
 
 Commissary Sergeant Alfred G. Lee, promoted to Quartermaster, 
 July 3rd, 1864; resigned, January 22nd, 1865. 
 
 Hospital Steward, John A. Campfleld, promoted to 2nd Assistant 
 Burgeon, November 17th, 1862; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Sen. Prin. Musician Henry C. Keely, discharged, June 8th, 1S65. 
 
 Jun. Prin. Musician Henry C. Hubler, promoted to Sergeant Major, 
 March llth, 1864; reduced by request, July 23rd, 1864; discharged. 
 June 8th, 1865.
 
 321 REaiMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Co. A. 
 
 LINE OFFICERS. 
 
 Captain James Ooodnow, promoted to Major, November 17th, 
 1S62; to Lieutenant Colonel, June 9th, 1863; resigned, September 16th, 
 1864. 
 
 1st Lieutenant John B. Conner, promoted to Captain, November 
 
 17th, 1862; resigned, January , 1861. 
 
 .tnd lAetUenant George W. Wright, discharged, February 3rd, 1863. 
 
 NON-COMUHSSIOXED OFFICERS. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Robert W. Weatherinton, promoted to 1st Lieu- 
 tenant, November 17th, 1862; resigned, April 1st, 1864. 
 
 Snd Sergeant John M. Tobias, promoted to Orderly Sergeant, Feb- 
 ruary 3rd, 1863; to 1st Lieutenant, September 6th, 1864; discharged, 
 June 8th, 1865. 
 
 3rd Sergeant Henry Meier, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Iffh Sergeant Robert S. Torbet, discharged, March 5th, 1863. 
 
 5th Sergeant Daniel Miller, discharged, July 6th, 1863. 
 
 lt Corporal Allen S. Conner, promoted to Orderly Sergeant, De- 
 cember 15th, 1862 ; to 2nd Lieutenant, February 3rd, 1863 ; resigned, 
 January 16th, 1864. 
 
 Snd Corporal Joseph F. King, promoted to Sergeant, March 25th, 
 1863; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 3rd Corporal John D. Clark, promoted to Sergeant, March 25th, 
 1863; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Uh Corporal James N. Reynolds, lost on steamer Sultana, on his 
 return from Andersonville prison. 
 
 5th Corporal John W. Sturman, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 6th Corporal William P. Jordan, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 7th Corporal John F. Wright, discharged, November loth, 1862. 
 
 9th Corporal John McCammon, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Musician Wiley B. Temples, transferred to United States Army. 
 
 Musician David W. Freeman, promoted to Corporal, April 24th, 
 1865; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Wagoner Richard Snowden, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Allen, Robert, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bard, John H. C., died of wounds, September 20th, 1862, 
 
 Brise, Anthony, died of disease, November 22nd, 1864. 
 
 Branham, John E., killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Bothwell, James, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bugbee, Eli N., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Church, Bishop, transferred to United States Army. 
 
 Crowell, James, discharged, December 20th, 1863. 
 
 Connett, Joseph A., deserted, October 6th, 1862. 
 
 Campbell, Hermann, deserted, December 1st, 1862.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 325 
 
 Campbell, Allen, discharged, April llth, 1863. 
 
 Campbell, Gabriel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Carson, Walter, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Carson, John Q,., died of disease, October 6th, 1862. 
 
 ( 'nt shall, Aaron, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Clemens, James W., transferred to United States Army. 
 
 Cohee, Isaac N., deserted, November 25th, 1862. 
 
 Clinton, James H., killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Daughters, John H., killed, July 22nd, 1864. 
 
 Doyle, Richard, killed, July 22nd, 1864. 
 
 Dudley, Charles K., transferred to United States Army. 
 
 Dennis, Ezra F., deserted, December 1st, 1863, 
 
 Ferguson, William, died of disease, April 27th, 1863. 
 
 Fosselman, Jacob, died of disease, June 29th, 1863. 
 
 Franklin, James K. P., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Gerrard, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Gerrard, Stephen, discharged, November 15th, 1862. 
 
 Green, Benjamin W., deserted, January 1st, 1863. 
 
 Gagan, Patrick, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hinds, Samuel H., transferred to United States Army. 
 
 Hight, John, discharged, , 1865. 
 
 Hendrlx, William, discharged, , 1863. 
 
 Hays, Abram, deserted, August 8th, 1862. 
 
 Haugh, Alexander, deserted, August 16th, 1862. 
 
 Hubler, Thomas L. F., discharged, June 8th, 1863. 
 
 Jacobs, Theophilus, transferred to United States Army. 
 
 Jordon, William H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Little, Stansbury, promoted to Corporal, April 24th, 1865; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Little, John G., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Lewman, John C., promoted to Corporal, July 29th, 1864 ; to Or- 
 derly Sergeant, January 27th, 1865; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Leslie, Charles E., transferred to United States Army. 
 
 Martin, George, transferred to United States Army. 
 
 Mowry, Albert D., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 McClary, Robert, died of disease, April 16th, 1863. 
 
 Murry, Patrick, deserted, August 7th, 1862. 
 
 Miller, Jefferson, transferred to United States Army. 
 
 McCarter, Arthur C., promoted to Corporal, April 1st, 1863; to 
 Sergeant, September 7th, 1864; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 McPherson, Austin L., died of disease, December 4th, 1863. 
 
 Newsom, Thomas H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Okes, David, deserted, February 1st, 1865. 
 
 Paxson, Thomas, deserted, August 12th, 1862. 
 Reily, Thomas J., discharged, February 26th, 1863. 
 Rockwell, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Roberts 1 ,Tahn, deserted, August 7th, 1862. 
 Robinson, George W., died of wounds, May 16th, 1864. 
 Relrdon, Thomas, discharged, June 8th, 1865.
 
 326 ' REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Richardson, James, died of disease, April 5th, 1863. 
 
 Richardson, Edward, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Richardson, Alfred, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Rawles, John, deserted, August 18th, 1862. 
 
 Reed, Robert, killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Randall, William H., deserted, February 1st, 1865. 
 
 Button, John D., died of disease, November 5th, 1863. 
 
 Steele, William, died of disease, October 28th, 1863. 
 
 Strock, Sampson, died of disease, March 7th, 1863. 
 
 ^ihaw, Frank F., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shoey, John, deserted, November 21st, 1862. 
 
 Shipley, Joseph, discharged, December 23rd, 1863. 
 
 Stewart, Thomas, died in rebel prison, February , 1865. 
 
 stunt on, Albert D., died of disease, April 13th, 1863. 
 
 Sargent, Richard, promoted to Corporal, April 24th, 1865; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shap, Peter P., promoted to Corporal, September 7th, 1864 ; to 
 Sergeant, April 24th, 1863; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Tuttle, James M., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Wagner, Irby S., promoted to Corporal, November 10th, 1862 ; to 
 Commissary Sergeant, July 4th, 1864; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Wagner, Abram, discharged, March 24th, 1863. 
 
 Wagner, Hegerman, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Whits itt, Eddy, transferred to United States Army. 
 
 Williams, Ephraim T., deserted, February 1st, 1865. 
 
 Watts, John G., died of disease, October 26th, 1862. 
 
 Warsham, Charles W., killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Yoder, David, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Recruits, Received January Klh, 1S65. 
 
 Bracken, Thomas M., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Blauser, Solomon, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Barr, Martin, never reported for duty. 
 Blood, Andrew, never reported for duty. 
 Barry, Edward, never reported for duty. 
 Burns, James, never reported for duty. 
 Crawford, James L., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Campbell, William B., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Didler, Francis, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Everett, Michael, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Epps, Lemuel, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Qlessner, Samuel, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Glancey, James D., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Gilbert, Alexander, detached. May 31st, 1865. 
 Gibson, Charles, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Hahn, George, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Hipshire, Jonathan, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Kegg, William, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Lock, Robert, detached, May 31st, 1865.
 
 REGIMENTAL tfEGISTEB. 3i7 
 
 Liggett, llobert A., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Maddox, John, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Mann, Benjamin, discharged, Jane 8th, 1865. 
 McDanlel, Jesse, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Mier, Andrew, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Parsons, Benjamin, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Patterson, James, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Scarbaugh, Ezeklel, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Studybaker, Henry, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Stahl, Thomas, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Thompson, Henry, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Urich, Joseph, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Urich, Daniel, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Veenker, Henry, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Wikle, Jacob, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Whitaker, Joseph, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Walker, John E., detached, May 31st, 1665. 
 Wilcoxen, Caleb L., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Watson, Thomas, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Watkins, William S., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Co. B. 
 
 LINE OFFICERS. 
 
 Captain Elbert D. Baldwin, promoted to Major, September 12th, 
 1863; to Lieutenant Colonel, January 6th, 1863; resigned, April 30th, 
 1865. 
 
 lit Lieutenant Frank H. Aveline, promoted to Captain, September 
 13th, 1863; killed, November 25th, 1863. 
 
 2nd Lietttenant William II. Harrison, promoted to 1st Lieutenant, 
 September 13th, 1863; to Captain, February 1st, 1861; discharged, 
 June 8th, 1865. 
 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. -^ 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Alfred L. Stoney, promoted to 2nd Lieutenant, 
 December 28th, 1863 ; to 1st Lieutenant, February 1st, 1864 ; discharged, 
 June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Snd Sergeant Claude Hugenard, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 3rd Sergeant Charles Fisher, promoted to Orderly Sergeant, Feb- 
 ruary 1st, 1865 ; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Uh Sergeant James Strouse, promoted to 2nd Lieutenant, March 
 4th, 1864; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 5th Sergeant Eugene Baldwin, discharged, November 20th, 1862. 
 
 1st Corporal George Hare, promoted to Sergeant, January 1st, 
 1863; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 fnd Corporal Ferdinand King, promoted to Sergeant, March 1st, 
 1S64; discharged, June 8th. 1865.
 
 328 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Srd Corporal Isaac M. Church, promoted to Orderly Sergeant, Jan- 
 uary 1st, 1864 ; died of disease, February 12th, 1865. 
 Wh Corporal George M. Bur well, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 5th Corporal Stillman P. Tasker, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 6th Corporal Albert Benson, died of disease, March 18th, 1863. 
 7th Corporal Addisbn K. Bell, died of disease, April 16th, 1863. 
 SthOorporal Marvin J. Carey, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Musician "William Morrison, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Wagoner Jefferson Clark, transferred to Veteran Eeserve Corps. 
 
 Andrews, Thomas, discharged, October 27th, 1862. 
 
 Akers, Robert, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Amspaugh, Emanuel J., deserted, January 24th, 1864. 
 
 Bowers, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Rradley, Lucius, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bergen, William B., discharged, March Srd, 1863. 
 
 Broth well, George T., promoted to Corporal, January 1st, 1864; 
 discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Buser, George, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Butler, Albert J., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Branyan, Joseph, promoted to Corporal, April 1st, 1863; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bondie, Joseph, died of disease, April 5th, 1865. 
 
 Case, George, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Crispell, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Connett, Martin, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Corran, Michael, deserted, September, 20th, 1864. 
 
 Evard, Charles, died of disease, November Srd, 1863. 
 
 Edmonds, Thomas, died of disease, May Srd, 1864. 
 
 Edwards, Marvin, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Freck, Frederick, promoted to Corporal, January 1st, 1864 ; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Freck, Henry, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Foster, Albert, died of disease, August 25th, 1863. 
 
 Grumo, August, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Grumo, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Grubb, David F., discharged, June 8th, 1865." 
 
 Gray, George II., discharged June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Gray John B., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Gray, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Grove, Daniel, died of disease, December 20th, 1862. 
 
 Hague, Samuel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hays, William G., promoted to Corporal, January 1st, 1864; to 
 Sergeant, March 1st, 1865; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Iba, Wesley, died of disease, September 10th, 1863. 
 
 Isbell, Frank, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Isbell, Charles, discharged, June 8th, 1865.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 8iI9 
 
 Isbell, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Inks, George, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Jones, George F., discharged, June 8th, 1865 
 
 Joslinc, George W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Johnson, James, deserted, November 1st, 1862. 
 
 Kayser, Frederick, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Kinsey, Israel II., promoted to Corporal, March 1st, 1863; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1806. 
 
 Kratle, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Kincade, Jacob, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Knapp, Orlando J., rtiscliarged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Kennedy, John, discharged, June Stli, 1865. 
 
 Lacroix, Joseph, deserted, August 17th, 1862. 
 
 Lobdell, Asbury, died of disease, February 20th, 1865. 
 
 Miller, Casper, killed, November 25th, 1863. 
 
 McCall, James, deserted, August 20th, 1862. 
 
 Myers, Frederick, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Merrilett, August, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Merrllett, John, discharged, June 8th, 185. 
 
 Merrilefct, Louis, died of disease, November 7th, 1864. 
 
 Manuel, Julius, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 Mawhorter, William H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Miner, Plum P., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Noel, John B., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Ogden, John W., promoted to Quartermaster Sergeant, May 6th, 
 1864; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Oberly, Christian, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Preston, Russell EL, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Ryan, John, discharged, June 8th, 1805. 
 
 Rima, Orrin, discharged, June 8th, 1862. 
 
 Reher, Thomas, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Roath, Lev!, discharged, June 8th 1865. 
 
 Roginson, Peter, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Ridenbaugh, Henry, killed, November 25th, 1863. 
 
 Seman, Frank, died of disease, February 22nd, 1863. 
 
 Smith, George R., died of disease, October 12th, 1863, 
 
 Smith Henry, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Stoops, Samuel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Swank, Samuel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Smoke, Charles, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Smoke, Frederick, discharged, January 24th, 1863. 
 
 Sabin, Albert W., discharged, January 17th, 1863. 
 
 Stewart, Annanias, discharged, January 10th, 1863. 
 
 Stewart, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Todd, Clark F., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Turney, Peter, deserted, August 17th, 1862. 
 
 Vandewal ker, James G., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Walters, Moses, died of disease, October 23rd, 1863. 
 
 Williams, William H., died of disease, September 20th, 1864.
 
 330 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Weeks, William H., promoted to Corporal, April 1st, 1864; dis- 
 charged, Jane 8th, 1865. 
 
 Weeks, Adam, died of wound, August 10th, 1861. 
 Welsmantel, Peter J., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Winebrenner, Christopher, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Wright, Silas J., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Zimmerman, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Zimmerman, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Recruits, Received January , ZS&4. 
 
 Bradley, Luther, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Brackney, George W., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Brower, Reuben L., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 fHackman, Sylvester, detached, May, 31st, 1865. 
 Bruner, Franklin, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Clelland, Jonathan W., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 De Camp, Simson, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Fisher, Moses, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Kleckenger, Philip, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Lobdell, Taylor, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Miner, Eli W., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Preston, Leonard G., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Perru, John, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Bamsby, Ephraim, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Russell, William H., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Stuck, Daniel, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Slater, Silas L., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Saltzgiver, Franklin, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Schwartz, John, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Shaffer, John D., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Scranton, Francis W., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Winebrenner, James, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Worden, George E^ died of disease, March 1st, 1864. 
 
 Co. C. 
 
 LINE OFFICEBS. 
 
 Captain David P. Cubberly, resigned, February 5th, 1863. 
 
 lt lAeutenant Hezekiah Beeson, promoted to Captain, March 1st, 
 1863; died of wound, February loth, 1864. 
 
 tnd Lieutenant Edward S. Lenfesty, promoted to 1st Lieutenant, 
 March 1st, 1863 ; to Captain, April 22nd, 1864 ; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIOXED OFFICERS. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Charles F. Mather, promoted to 2nd Lieutenant, 
 March 1st, 1863; to 1st Lieutenant, April 20th, 1864; resigned, Septem- 
 ber 23rd, 1864. 
 
 ind Sergeant Milford D. Jones, died of disease, January 13th. 1864.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 331 
 
 9rd Sergeant William E. Darter, died in rebel prison, , 1884. 
 
 Uh Sergeant George H. Williams, promoted to Orderly Sergeant, 
 February 5th, 1883; to 1st Lieutenant, November 9th, 1864; discharged, 
 June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Blh Sergeant Andrew Woolpert, discharged, November 22nd, 1862. 
 
 1st Corporal William P. Thrasher, killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Snd Corporal Klihu II. Cox, promoted to Sergeant, February 5th, 
 1863; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 3rd Corporal William Barnhouse, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Uh Corporal John Dunn, died of disease, March 20th, 1863. 
 
 6th Corporal Francis W. Malott, promoted to Sergeant, September 
 25th, 1863; discharged June 8th, 1865. 
 
 6th Corporal Adin J. Wiles, promoted to Sergeant, February 5th, 
 1863 ; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 7th Cvrpwal William Bradwick, killed, August 30th, 1865. 
 
 8th Corporal William H. Ellis, promoted to Sergeant, February 5th, 
 1862; to Orderly Sergeant, January 28th, 1865; discharged, June 8th, 
 1865. 
 
 Musician William H. Bowman, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Musician James M. Evans, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 PBIVATES. 
 
 Arnold, John J. promoted to Corporal, February 10th, 1863; dis- 
 charged, March 13th, 1865. 
 
 Alexander, Enoch, discharged, April 2nd, 1863. 
 
 Allen, Henry, discharged, September 9th, 1863. 
 
 Allen, Lewis, died of disease, March 6th, 1863. 
 
 Allen, Victory, discharged, , 1865. 
 
 Adams, William 8., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Beeman, Cornelius, died of disease, March 1st, 1865. 
 
 Ballinger, John, died of disease, August 15th, 1863. 
 
 Barton, Joshua, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bradfleld, James, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bevard, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Beckman, Jacob, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Brandon, Benjamin, discharged, April 8th, 1863. 
 
 Craig, George, died of disease, January 13th, 1863. 
 
 Creviston, Levi, died of disease, March 6th, 1863. 
 
 Chalmers, Goldsmith, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Drnly, Samuel E., promoted to Corporal, November 9th, 1864; dis- 
 charged June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Downs, Caleb W., died of disease, August 29th, 1863. 
 
 Day, Nathaniel W., discharged, February 28th, 1863. 
 
 Dewey, Charles H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Edwards, Emanuel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Edington, Samuel, discharged, April 24th, 1863. 
 
 Elwood, David R., detached, May 31st, 1865.
 
 332 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Frazee, Jesse D., promoted to Corporal, November 9th, 1864; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Fleener, Jasper, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Floyd William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Qoodrick, Andrew, discharged, February 25th 1863. 
 
 Grey, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Oilpin, George W., discharged, June 8th 1865. 
 
 Gilpin, Andrew J., died of disease, December 10th, 1862. 
 
 Grindle, James W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hunt, Nathan, discharged, June 8th 1865. 
 
 Hays, Hiram P., promoted to Corporal, November 1st, 1862; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Halstead, William F., died of disease, August 8th, 1863. 
 
 Hahn, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Huff, Marshall N., promoted to Corporal, November 9th, 1864 ; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hedrick, George, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hollings worth, Joseph, deserted, March 6th, 1863. 
 
 Hulls, John B., promoted to Corporal, December 9th, 1862 ; to Sex- 
 geant, November 9th, 1864 ; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Jump, Gustavus W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Joslyn, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Kelly, William H., died of wound, December 20th, 1863. 
 
 Lenox, Edwin, killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Lowry, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Mills, Jonathan, discharged, February 23rd, 1863. 
 
 Meisse, William, died of wound, September 19th, 1862. 
 
 Miller, Vinton, promoted to Corporal, December 8th, 1863 ; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Miller, Abram, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Miller, Jordan, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Malott, Jacob, discharged, Jnne 8th, 1865. 
 
 Mann, Michael, discharged, December 30th, 1862. 
 
 Metzger, William, discharged, August 25th, 1864. 
 
 Metzger, Jacob W., discharged, October 21st, 1862. 
 
 McClaln, Samuel, died of disease, October 30th, 1864. 
 
 Motter, Cyrus, appointed 2n'd Lieut. Twelfth Tenn. Cavalry. 
 
 Mowbray, William E., promoted to Corporal, February 10th, 1863 ; 
 discharged, November 9th, 1864. 
 
 Marshall, John R., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Odom, William A., promoted to Corporal, December 9th, 1862; 
 discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Price, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Pursley, Jacob, discharged, December 1st, 1863. 
 
 Powell, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Persnett,"Thomas, killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Beniker, Elias B., discharged, Jnne 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bush, Perry, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Sutton, William H., transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 333 
 
 Scott, John, died of wound, August 24th, 1864. 
 
 Scott, Calvin, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Stewart, John, promoted to Corporal, April 9th, 1863 ; discharged, 
 June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Schooler, William A., died of disease, March 18th, 1863. 
 
 Strebin, Frederick, deserted, October 8th, 162. 
 
 Swank, David, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Snyder, James, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shane, William, killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Shook, Elijah, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Stilwell, Samuel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shields, John, promoted to Corporal, February 10th, 1863 ; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Thrasher, Amos, deserted, December 9th, 1863. 
 
 Titus, Samuel W., discharged, November 9th, 1864. 
 
 Veach, George M.', discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 White Andrew J., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Williams, George, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Wolf, George N., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Whitezell, John, promoted to Corporal, December 15th, 1863 ; to 
 Sergeant, December 22nd, 1863; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Witham, Morris O., died of wound, June 3rd, 1864. 
 
 Witham, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Jtecruita, Received January llth, 1865. 
 
 Bond, Henry, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Coulter, Miles P., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Conklin, David C., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Castiel, Lorenzo D., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Carney, Nelson, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Cook, John, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Duskey, James, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Dougherty, James, detached, May 81st, 1865. 
 Fry, David F., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Haynes, William H., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Hardesty, Joshua H., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Lambert, Francis, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Lang, Richard, killed by accident, March 10th, 1865. 
 Shearer, Chauncey, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Starr, George W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 White, Milton, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Oo. D. 
 
 MNB OFFICERS. 
 
 Captain George Bowman, resigned, March 30th, 1864. 
 1st Lieutenant John A. Blackwell, appointed Surgeon of One Hun- 
 dred and Fifteenth Indiana Volunteers, September 12th. 1863.
 
 334 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 fnd Lieutenant Benjamin F. Price, promoted to Captain, May 6th 
 1864 ; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Lewis Murray, promoted to 1st Lieutenant, Sep- 
 tember 6th, 1864 ; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Snd Sergeant Joseph H. Rook, died of wound, November 1st, 1862. 
 
 Srd Sergeant Oliver B. Glascock, died of disease, March 17th, 1864. 
 
 Mh Sergeant Amos J. Osborne, promoted to Orderly Sergeant, Sep- 
 tember 7th, 1864 ; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 6th Sergeant David Laing, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 1st Corporal Joseph W. Elliott, promoted to Sergeant, April 30th, 
 1864; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Snd Corporal William Irelan, promoted to Sergeant, October 31st, 
 1862; discharged, February 6th, 1864. 
 
 Srd Corporal John H. Cartmell, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Uh Corporal John H. Shultz, promoted to Sergeant, April 30th, 
 1864; discharged, December 12th, 1864. 
 
 Mh Corporal John W. Brown, discharged June 8th, 1865. 
 
 6th Corporal Benjamin F. Sandifer, promoted to Sergeant, Sep- 
 tember 7th, 1864; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 7th Corporal Samuel D. Mclntire, killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 8th Corporal Isaac E. Jones, died of disease, January 26th, 1863. 
 
 Musician James B. Smith, discharged, February 28th, 1863. 
 
 Musician John W. Bunnell, killed by accident, July 16th, 1863. 
 
 Wagoner Washington Ouster, died of disease, February 18th, 1863. 
 
 Barnes, James E., discharged, June 8th,1865. 
 
 Barnes, Richard H. transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 Birge, Willard, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Boussum, Asbnry, deserted, February 28th, 1863. 
 
 Brannan, William H., promoted to Corporal, December 12th, 1864; 
 
 discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Brown, Elias W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Brown, James S., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Bunnell, Samuel R., died of disease, August 28th, 1863. 
 Colvin, George W., died of disease, March 4th, 1863. 
 Colvin, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Cloud, Richard M., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Comer, William C., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Cole, Benjamin F., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Coshow, Henry C., died of disease, September 5th, 1863. 
 Cook, William W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Davis, John S., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Davis, James, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Davis, George W., died of disease, February 14th, 1863. 
 Dem, Silas, died of disease, February 17th, 1863.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTEE. 335 
 
 Dickey, Samuel, died of wound, August 3rd, 1864. 
 
 Denton, Henry H., discharged June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Dunkin, John, discharged, June 8th, 1885. 
 
 Daffron, George M., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Edwards, James H., promoted to Corporal, , 1863 ; discharged, 
 
 June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Elliott, George W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Eldridge, Franklin, died of disease, March 2nd, 1863. 
 
 French, James F., died of disease, March 18th, 1864. 
 
 Fisher, Joseph, died of disease, January 7th, 1864. 
 
 Glazier, Benjamin B., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Glascock, John W., discharged, April 20th, 1863. 
 
 Gillum, Allen W., died of disease, November 3rd, 1862. 
 
 Hall, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Henderson, James P., promoted to Corporal, December 13th, 1864; 
 discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hay, George, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Herrou, Cornelius, deserted, November 22nd, 1862. 
 
 Herron, Jonathan, died of disease, November 14th, 1863. 
 
 Irelan, Thomas W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Irelan, John G., died of disease, April 30th, 1863. 
 
 Johnson, Hampton I)., died of disease, March 4th, 1863. 
 
 Johnson, John C., discharged, June 27th, 1863. 
 
 John , Edwin B., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Kendall, George S., promoted to Corporal, April 30th, 1864 ; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Kious, Milo, discharged, November 4th, 1863. 
 
 Kromm, Frederick, discharged, January 1st, 1863. 
 
 Kingsberry, Clement C., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Kingsberry, Charles, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Lesourd, David G., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Little, William H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Little, Robert T., killed, July 22nd, 1864. . 
 
 Lucas, Benjamin F., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Lunback, Isaac J. K. discharged, February 19th, 1863. 
 
 Loughry, Joseph E., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 McManis, Thomas B., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 McMahon, Robert, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 McCormtck, Benjamin, killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 McCoy, Quinton, died of disease, June , 1864. 
 
 Merica, Joseph, deserted, September 10th, 1862. 
 
 Mason, James W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Miller, Elihu B., died of wound, September 20th, 1862. 
 
 Netherton, George A., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Parcells, William H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Pugh, John T., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Reed, Francis M., died of disease, March 28th, 1864. 
 
 Reiger, George, discharged. June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Rider, James, discharged, June 8th, 1865.
 
 S36 BEGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Roberts, Edwin R., discharged, May 26th, 1863. 
 
 Russell, John M., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shaffer, John P., discharged June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shigley, John, killed, May 13th, 1865. 
 
 Shigley, Lewis, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shipley, George W., promoted to Corporal, April 30th, 1864; to 
 Sergeant, March 12th, 1865; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Smith, David G., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Smith, Adam H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Sines, James W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Sprecker. Henry, discharged, November 17th, 1862. 
 
 Stacy, Charles R., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Skevington, William, killed, November 25th, 1863. 
 
 Sluthour, George W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shoemaker, William H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Stow, Samuel, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Sleeth, William H., promoted to Corporal, April 30th, 1865; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Scott, Harvey E., killed, July 22nd, 1865. 
 
 Tedford, John O., died of disease, March 4th, 1865. 
 
 Tilton, Zebnlon S., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Todd, Enoch M., killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Todd, Henry R., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Vanscoy, Jacob, killed, November 25th, 1863. 
 
 Vanscoy, James S., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 v 
 
 Recruits, Received January ISQi, 186$. 
 
 Bolinger, John W., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Brown, Alexander, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Cover, Oliver P., detached, May, 31st, 1865. 
 Cleland, Solomon, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Dimit, Joseph, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Dames, Daniel, died of disease, January 18th, 1865. 
 Eppie, George, never reported to Company. 
 Eakright, William, detached, June 8th, 1865. 
 Golden, Samuel, detached, June 8th, 1865. 
 Gray, Frank, never reported to Company. 
 Hatten, William J., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Newton, John, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Ranck, William, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Co. E. 
 
 LINE OFFICERS. 
 
 Captain Samuel M. Rooker, resigned, December 22nd, 1862. 
 1st Lieutenant Thomas N. Peoples, promoted to Captain, March 
 1st, 1863; killed, May 13th, 1864. 
 tnd Lieutenant Caleb Day, died of wound, September 25th. 1862.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 837 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Robert R. Scott, promoted to 2nd Lieutenant, 
 November 22nd, 1862; to 1st Lieutenant, December 23rd, 1862; to Cap- 
 tain, June 8th, 1861; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 2nd Sergeant Samuel Shenafelt, promoted to Orderly Sergeant, 
 November 22nd, 1862; to 2nd Lieutenant, March 1st, 1863; to 1st Lieu- 
 tenant, June 8th, 1864; resigned, September 23rd, 1864. 
 
 3rd Sergeant Qreenleaf N. Gilbert, promoted to Orderly Sergeant, 
 March 1st, 1863 ; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Itth Sergeant John H. Rusie, promoted to 1st Lieutenant, Novem- 
 ber 9th, 18C4; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 5lh Sergeant Joseph R. Hawk, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 1st Corporal William Curnutt, died of disease, August 3rd, 1864. 
 
 tnd Corporal Israel E. Kirk, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Srd Corporal Joshua H. Woodward, promoted to Sergeant^ , 
 
 1863; killed, November 23th, 1863. 
 
 Uh Corporal Michael F. Arnold, promoted to Sergeant, November 
 13th, 1861 ; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 5lh Corporal Elisha Bearing, died of wound, December 30th, 1863. 
 
 6th Corporal Benjamin F. Perce, promoted to Sergeant, March 1st, 
 1863; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 7th Corporal Vincent Carter, discharged, April 2nd, 1863, 
 
 8th Corporal Joseph R. Q,uinn, transferred to Veteran Reserve 
 Corps. 
 
 Musician Nathan A. Hunt, discharged, February 28th, 1863. 
 
 Musician Abraham C. Hill, discharged, November 30th, 1862. 
 
 Wagoner William Ware, died of disease, March 18th, 1863. 
 
 PBIVATES. 
 
 Andrew^ William H., transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 Berge, Richard, died of wound, September 14th, 1862. 
 Bray, William H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Bray, Eli, died of disease, February 24th, 1863. 
 Ballard, Alfred H., died of disease, June 19th, 1863. 
 Billiard, Asa G., killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 Tayliff, William D., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 ftayliff, Henry H., died of wound, August 4th, 1864. 
 Copenhaver, Andrew, discharged, March 2nd, 1863, 
 Cox, Harmon B., killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 Carter, Thomas F., died of wound, May 31st, 1864. 
 Carter, Amos, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Clapp, James R., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Curnutt, John, died of disease, July 14th, 1864. 
 Cahill, Michael, promoted to Corporal, March 1st, 1863; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Day, Evan, died of disease, October 27th, 1863. 
 Day, Warner L.. discharged. June 8th. 1865. 
 P
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Donovan, John, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Donovan, Benjamin W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Estices, Wiley, died of disease, January 6th, 1803. 
 
 Ely, William H., killed, June 28th, 1861. 
 
 Evans, Harvey, died in Libby Prison, April 3rd, 1864. 
 
 Fields, David, discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Frances, Jesse, discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Fultz, Thomas B., promoted to Corporal, November 13th, 1864; 
 discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Ferguson, Finley H., discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Greeson, Jacob, died of disease, April 3rd, 1863. 
 
 Greeson, William H., promoted to Corporal, March 1st, 1865; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Green, Hiram A. L., promoted to Sergeant, August 4th, 1863; dis- 
 charged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Heiner, Harrison B., discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Hutchinson, William B., killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Hardwick, Robert, discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Hadley, David, died of disease, June 2nd, 1863. 
 
 Hutson, James A., died in Libby Prison, December 27th, 1863. 
 
 Johnson, Amos, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 Johnson, James, died of disease, Octol>er 31st, 1862. 
 
 Jones, Eleazer, member of Band, discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Johns, Samuel L., deserted, May 13th, 1864. 
 
 Linthicum, Hezekiah K., discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Moss, George, deserted, March 29th, 1863. 
 
 Marshall, Reuben, died of disease, July 18th, 1863. 
 
 McCrary, Gustavus, died of disease, March 27th, 1864. 
 
 McNabb, James E., died of disease, September Sth, 1863. 
 
 Mills, John, promoted to Corporal, October 15th, 1862; discharged, 
 June 8th, 1865. 
 
 McPherson, Corry, discharged, November 18th, 1S62. 
 
 Mesler, William, deserted, August ISth, 18(i2. 
 
 Mitchell, William, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Poe, Thomas, discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Poe, Isaac 8., discharged June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Petitt, Milton V., killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Pointer, Joseph, killed, August 30th, 18fi2. 
 
 Patram, Hiram, died of disease, April 12th, 1863. 
 
 Patram, Peter, died of disease, October 15th, 1863. 
 
 Parker, Thomas, died in Libby Prison, November 21st, 1863. 
 
 Rush ton, Jesse C., member of Band, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Rushton, Caleb C., discharged, , 1865. 
 
 Ray, Elisha F., discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Rains, Jefferson, died of disease, October 31st 1864. 
 
 Roe, Andrew J., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Richardson, Robert N., discharged, May llth, 1865. 
 
 Robinson, William, discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Rudicil, George, discharged, February 28th, 1863.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 339 
 
 Robinson, Charles, deserted, August 18th, 1882. 
 
 Swearengen, John E., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Spoon, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Stanton, Lewis B., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Snipes, William K., promoted to Corporal, August 28th, 1862; to 
 
 Sergeant, December 1st, 1863; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Sumnr, Caswell B., promoted to Corporal, October 31st, 1862;' 
 
 discharged, June 8th,1865. 
 
 Soots, John R., transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 Trimble, Allen, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Thomson, William, deserted, May 1st, 1864. 
 Thompson, John, died of disease, April 10th, 1863. 
 Thompson, Daniel, died of disease, February 15th, 1863. 
 Thornburg, John C., died of disease, October 6th, 1862. 
 Wood, Hiram, died of disease, November 13th, 1863. 
 Williams, Thomas E., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Williams, John D., killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 Zimmerman, Johu K., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Recruits, Received January teth, 1865. 
 
 Andrews, William, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Bnntain, Eli W., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Bun tain, Moses, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Baker, Zachariah J., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Curts, Joseph, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Conklin, Addison G., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Chambers, Elias, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Daily, John H., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Dildine, Ralph, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Davis, William, detached, May 3lst, 1865. 
 Dock, Frederick, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Dawson, George, detached, May 3Ist, 1865. 
 Deahnff, Abram, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Fields, William H., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Fritzsinger, John, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Haflick, William, detached, May 31st, 1865. ^ 
 
 Hartman, Levi P., died of disease, January , 1S65. 
 
 Hughes, George A., never reported to Company. 
 Hart, Thomas, never reported to Company. 
 Hudson, Edwin, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Hemline, Peter, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Jameson, Joseph, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Kessler, Jacob, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Miller, John G., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Myers, James, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 McGee, Elisha, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Niblick, Robert, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Raw, Matthias, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Spade, Jacob, detached, May 31st, 1865.
 
 840 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Stolz, Adam, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Sunday, Frederick, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Walker, Albert, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Walker, John W., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Co. F. 
 
 LINE OFFICERS. 
 
 Captain Samuel Boughter, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 1st Lieutenant Alonzo II. Hubbard, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 2nd Lieutenant Edward II. Webster, promoted to Captain, Com- 
 pany A, April 29th, 1864 ; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 NOX-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Marshall H. Parks, promoted to Sergeant Major, 
 February 22nd, 1863; to Adjutant, February 6th, 1864; discharged, 
 June 8th, 1865. 
 
 2nd Sergeant Thomas C. Lessig, promoted to Orderly Sergeant, 
 February 22nd, 1863; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 3rd Sergeant Alfred W. Scott, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Uh Sergeant Renjamin W. Mankin, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 5th Sergeant Francis M. Conklin, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 1st Corporal George Philpott, deserted, October 26th, 1863. 
 Snd Corporal Peter Strow, died of wound, June 25th, 1864. 
 3rd Corporal William J. Ervin, promoted to Sergeant, May 21st, 
 1863 ; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Uh Corporal John W. Miller, discharged, November 1st, 1863. 
 
 6th Corporal -Baanah Birt, discharged, June , 1865. 
 
 6th Corporal John F. Hyde, discharged, June , 1865. 
 
 7th Corporal Joseph Coar, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 8th Corporal Wesley F. Mitchell, died of disease, January 12th, 1864. 
 
 Musician Daniel I). Lightner, died of disease, , 1863. 
 
 Wagoner James M. Alexander, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Adams, Moses F., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Alter, John, died of disease, January 28th, 1863. 
 
 Barker, David, died of disease, January 26th, 1863. 
 
 Barbour,- Sylvester, discharged, December 7th, 1863. 
 
 Boulton, Benjamin E., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Boulton, Thomas R., promoted to Corporal, January 3rd, 1863; to 
 
 Sergeant, January 1st, 1865; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Bowmaster, John, died of disease, September 16th, 1863. 
 Blackford, William R., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Behner, Ephraim, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Berg, John W., deserted, February 3rd, 1863. 
 Bowen, William H., discharged, June 8th, 1865.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 341 
 
 Bowen, Williaru Hugh, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bowen, Thomas, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Boweu James A., died of disease, September 11th, 1863. 
 
 Beeson, Harmon, died of wound, September 4th, 1862. 
 
 Basore, John H., killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Church, John, died of disease, September 7th, 1863. 
 
 Cochran,' Nathan C., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Compton, James, discharged, June 8th, 1^6-3. 
 
 Darr, John H., died of disease, January 30th, 1863. 
 
 Dulaney, Dennis, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Fowler, Nelson D., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Foorman, Irvin, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Gross, Abraham, died of disease, October 10th, 1863. 
 
 Glanvill, George, deserted, May 1st, 1864. 
 
 Gibson, John, deserted, November loth, 1862. 
 
 Gillam, Dabner, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Gerard, Edward, died of disease, August 23rd, 1863. 
 
 Graham, John B., died of wound, September 5th, 1862. 
 
 Humble, Samuel C., drowned, February 28th, 1865. 
 
 Hendershott, Isaac, died of disease, July 12th, 1863. 
 
 Hart, Cyrus, died of disease, January 17th, 1863. 
 
 Hall, James M., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hale, Andrew J., deserted, August loth, 1862. 
 
 Harrold, Edward, deserted, September 10th, 1862. 
 
 Ivans, Henry, deserted, Jannary 6th, 1863. 
 
 Jacques, Francis M., promoted to Corporal, January 1st, 1865 ; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 186-3. 
 
 Jordan, Jesse J., killed, July 22nd, 1861. 
 
 Kirkpatrick, Isaac, died of disease, April 7th, 1863, 
 
 Kyle, David, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Koonts, Simon, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Keith, Isaac M., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Lengcl, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Lightner, Martin B., died of disease, September 2nd, 1863. 
 
 Miller, Franklin, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Mitchell, John C., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Murphy, Dennis, discharged, June 8th, lSfi.3. 
 
 Milbern, Austin, discharged, June 17th, 1863. 
 
 McKeehan, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 McCartney, David, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 McDonell, Robert, deserted, December 8th, 1862. 
 
 Messersmith, Andrew J., died of disease, April 25th, 1863. 
 
 Mercer, John W., died in rebel prison, July 25th, 1864. 
 
 McGinley, William R., promoted to Corporal, April 3rd, 1863 ; dis- 
 charged, , 1865. 
 
 McBride, Henry, promoted to Corporal, March 22nd, 1863; died of 
 disease, November 12th, 1863. 
 
 Morr, Philip, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Magner, Jonathan, promoted to Corporal, October 22nd, 1862; 
 died of disease. March 14th. 1863.
 
 342 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 McKeehan, Benjamin W., died of disease, October 2nd, 1862. 
 
 Parks, Lawrence, promoted to Corporal, February 22nd, 1863 
 killed, July 22nd, 186$. 
 
 Paxson, William L., died of disease, July 25th, 1863. 
 
 Peterson, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Rupe, Francis M., died of disease, November 18th, 1862. 
 
 Rea, James O., promoted to Corporal, November 2nd, 1862 ; to Ser- 
 geant, February 21st, 186-5 ; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Smith, Orrison L., died of disease, September 2nd, 1863. 
 
 Smith, Charles P., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Smith, John M., discharged, June 18th, 1863. 
 
 Silver, William H., discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Spitler, Darius, discharged, November 23rd, 1862. 
 
 Sponseller, George W., deserted, February 3rd, 1863. 
 
 Stoler, Martin H., discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Stoler, George W., promoted to Corporal, January 1st, 1865 ; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Swlhart, Edward, deserted, September 9th, 1862. 
 
 Vanhorn, George, discharged, June Sth, 1S65. 
 
 Vernerder, Samuel, promoted to Corporal, May 25th, 1863; dia-" 
 charged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Wade, William, discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Watson, William H., died of disease, April 3rd, 1864. 
 
 Williams, Franklin, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Williams, Harvey O., promoted to Corporal, January 1st, 1865; 
 discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Williams, Joseph R., discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 White, Robert, discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Whitman, Christian, discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Willard, John, discharged, June Sth, 1865. 
 
 Wallace, David, died of disease, April 26th, 1863. 
 
 Wheeler, Abel A., died of disease, February 6th, 1863. 
 
 Walton, Peter H., promoted to Corporal, February 23rd, 1863 ; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Recruits, Received January 12th, 1865. 
 
 Blackburn, Robert H., detached, May 3lst, 1865. 
 Blackburn, Samuel W., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Brosend, William, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 De Forest, Curtis W., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Eskew, Henry, died of disease, May llth, 1865. 
 Graham, David H., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Harbon, Thomas, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 House, Flnley M., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Helms, Christian, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Hicks, David M., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Hoffman, John, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Jackson, Jerry, detached, May 31st, 1S65. 
 Knaval, Henry, detached, May 31st, 1865.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 343 
 
 Lcnn, John G., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Lance, Ewen, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Leach, William, M., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Macy, Francis, detached, May 31st, 1SO.>. 
 Medcalf, Thomas P., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Murphy, Georgte W., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Matthews, George L., detached, May 31st, 1885. 
 Norwood, James, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Scales, Andrew J., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Wood, William B., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Wilder, John, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Co. G. 
 
 LINE OFFICERS. 
 
 Captain James Huston, died of disease, October 13th, 1864. 
 1st Lieutenant Eastley Helms, resigned, March 4th, 1864. 
 2nd Lieutenant Robert Alfont, promoted to 1st Lieutenant, April 
 29th, 1864; to Captain, January 1st, 1865; discharged June 8th, 1865. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Ralph Copper, promoted to 2nd Lieutenant, 
 April 29th, 1864; to 1st Lieutenant, January 1st, 1865; discharged, 
 June 8th, 1865. 
 
 9ntl Sergeant Richard Waterman, discharged February 20th, 1863. 
 
 3rd Sergeant Abraham Whelchel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 tth Sergeant Thomas L. Huston, died of disease, February 24th, 
 1863. 
 
 5th Sej&eant Benjamin F. Alexander, discharged, November 25th, 
 1862. 
 
 1st Cbrporctf Jacob Hiday, promoted to Sergeant, May 1st, 1863; 
 discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 2nd Corporal Ezekiel B. Copper, killed, November 25th, 1863. 
 
 3rd Cbrporal James Barnard, died of disease, January 28th, 1861. 
 
 Uh Curporal Milton Curry, killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 5th Corporal John Cottrell, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 6th Corporal John W. Hiday, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 7th Corporal Abraham D. Bannon, died of disease, January 25th, 
 1864. 
 
 8th Cbrporal Zachariah Kinnaman, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Musician Reuben M. Alfont, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Musician Francis A. Kelly, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Wagoner John Watterman.discharged, July 20th, 1863. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Allison, Samuel B., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 AUison, Richard, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Auont, Richard, discharged, June 8th, 1865.
 
 344 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Alexander, John W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Appleget, Thomas, detached, May, 31st, 1865.. 
 
 Brantlinger, John, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Boon, John B., died of disease, August 13th, 1863. 
 
 Bannon, John H., discharged, January 12th, 1863. 
 
 Bannon, Thomas B., died of disease, November 1st, 1863. 
 
 Bannon, William C., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Borcharding, Henry, discharged, July 20th, 1863. 
 
 Clark, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Catlin, Davis, discharged, October llth, 1863. 
 
 Cottrell, Thomas, discharged, January 27th, 186*. 
 
 Chitwood, Robert, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Copper, Nathaniel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Copper, Benjamin, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Crossley, James, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 r>unham, James, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Dunham, George, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Denny, George, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Dobbins, Alfred, discharged^ June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Doty, William, died of disease, August 25th, 1863. 
 
 Edmonds, Henry, discharged, September 9th, 1863. 
 
 Ellingwood, William H., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Forgey, Andrew, promoted to Corporal, , 1863; died of wound. 
 
 May 16th, 1864. 
 
 Forgey, Hugh, died of wonnd, June 9th, 1864. 
 
 Faussett, James, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Gardner, Archibald, killed, July 22nd, 1864. 
 
 Gardner, John, died of disease, September 21st, 1863. 
 
 Gardner, Hiram, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Ginder, John, promoted to Corporal, July 10th, 1864 ; discharged, 
 June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hunter, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hunter, Melville, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hoover, Daniel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Huston, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hiday, Thomas, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 " Humphreys, James, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Humphreys, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 I hm I in, Charles V., promoted to Sergeant, January 1st, 1863; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Householder, William, deserted, January 6th, 1863. 
 
 Hooker, Franklin, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Jordan, James, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Kelly, George W., killed, November 25th, 1864. 
 
 Kinnaman, Levi M., died of disease, September 10th, 1862. 
 
 Kmnaman, James M., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Lister, Samuel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Lister, James, died of wound, October 2nd, 1864. 
 
 Lennen, Peter B.. died of disease, February 10th, 1863.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 345 
 
 Lunsford, Elijah, promoted to Corporal, May 1st, 1863; discharged, 
 Jane 8th, 1865. 
 
 Lamar, Henry, deserted, November 25th, 1862. 
 
 Myers, Erasmus, discharged, May 1st, 1863. 
 
 Marshall Elijah, discharged, May 1st, 1863. 
 
 Moulden, James W., killed, July 22nd, 1864. 
 
 Moulden, William H., died of disease, September 12th, 1864. 
 
 Monlden, William T., transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 McQuire, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 McGuire, James, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 McGuire, Ralph, died of disease, February 6th, 1862, 
 
 McVey, John, died of disease, March 5th, 1863. 
 
 Michael, Lewis, died of disease, February 23rd, 1883. 
 
 Nichols, James, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Pyle Absalom, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Piper, George W., discharged, June 8th, 1885. 
 
 Phillips, Mark, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Pauly, Edward, killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Reynolds, John W.,- discharged, January llth, 1883". 
 
 Rash, John T., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Rash, Daniel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Rash, Thomas M., promoted to Corporal, May 1st, 1883; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Ridenour, Isaac, promoted to Sergeant, January 1st, 1863; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Rumler, Wautly, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Richards, David R., promoted to Sergeant, November 1st, 1862 ; to 
 Orderly Sergeant, May 1st, 1864; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Scott, William, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 Schroy, Dezra, prompted to Corporal, May 10th, 1864; discharged, 
 June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shaffer, Peter, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shaffer, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shaffer, Milo, discharged, June 8th, 1805. 
 
 Shaffer, Jacob, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shaffer, Hiram, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shaffer, William, killed, August 17th, 1864. 
 
 Steel, Thomas, promoted to Corporal, August 10th, 1864 ; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Sample, John S., promoted to Sergeant, May 1st, 1864; discharged, 
 June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shull, Freeman, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shull, John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Thomas, William, killed, August 15th, 1864. 
 
 Walker, Marcellus B., discharged, January llth, 1863. 
 
 Walker, George D., died of disease, April 19th, 1865. 
 
 Whelehel, John W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Wynn, David P., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Wilson, Amos, killed, August 3rd, 1864.
 
 346 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Wilson, James, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 Wright, William, died of disease, September 8th, 1863. 
 Wiight, Aaron, died of wound, May Wth, 18&4. 
 Wiseman, Joseph R., detached, May Slat, 1865. 
 
 Recruit*, Received January 12th, 1865. 
 
 Bargiar, August, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Casper, James F., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Frederick, Charles, detached, May 31st, 1885. 
 Qeise, Peter, detached, May 31st, 1865, 
 Gray, Daniel, deserted, February 21st, 1865. 
 Kerry, William, never reported to Company. 
 Kelly, John, never reported to Company. 
 Kelly, John, 2nd, never reported to Company. 
 Lefler, Albert, detached, May 31st, 1865. , 
 
 Lisle, Henderson, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Peake, Charles, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Pritchard, Ephraim, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 McCool, John, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 McClune, , never reported to Company. 
 
 McGuire, John, never reported to Company. 
 
 Co. H. 
 
 LINE OFFICERS. 
 
 Captain George M, Trotter, promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, May 
 20th, 1865; discharged, Jvtne 8th, 1865. 
 
 1st Lieutenant Joseph E. Hart, resigned, February 16th, 1864. 
 Snd Lieutenant Josephns Bills, resigned, August 8th, 1863. . 
 
 NON-C03C3TISSIONED OFFICEBS. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant Gideon B. Hart, promoted to 1st Lieutenant, 
 March 12th, 1864; to Captain, June 2nd, 1865; discharged, June 8th, 
 1865. 
 
 Snd Sergeant pick Jones, promoted to 2nd Lieutenant, March 1st, 
 1864; to 1st Lieutenant, June 2nd, 1865; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 3rd 8ergecmt Henry R. Sloan, transferred to Veteran Reserve 
 Corps. 
 
 hfh Sergeant James T. Hunt, discharged, Jane 8th, 1865. 
 
 5th Sergeant William D. Bryant, transferred to Veteran Reserve 
 Corps. 
 
 1st Corporal Joseph E. Robinson, promoted to Sergeant, Novem- 
 ber 1st, 1862; died of disease, January 31st, 1863. 
 
 Snd Oarpvral William H. Foster, discharged, Jane 8th, 1865. 
 
 Srd Corporal Jos'h T. Quick, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 I4h Corporal Andrew J. Heckman, promoted to Sergeant, Decem- 
 ber 20th, 1862; to Orderly Sergeant, July 29th, 1864; discharged, June 
 8th, 1865.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 347 
 
 Slh Corporal John Bolcourt, promoted to Sergeant, July 29th, 1864; 
 discharged, June 8th, 1866. 
 
 6th Corporal David Vanskike, killed, August 17th, 1881. 
 
 7th Corporal Logan Herod, promoted to Sergeant, March 12th, 1864; 
 discharged, June 8th, 1805. 
 
 8th CbrjwoJ John T. Vanmeter, killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Musician Donald Mclntosh, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Musician Samuel P. Parker, promoted to Corporal, January 20th, 
 1862; to Sergeant, June 30th, 1863; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Wagoner Simeon Collier, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Appleget, Samuel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Asbury, Elijah, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Ammons, George, discharged, June 8h, 1865. 
 Amspaugh, Hiram H., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Brown, Levi, died of disease, March llth, 1864. 
 
 Brown, Abner, died of disease, July , 1863. 
 
 Brown, Benjamin, killed, June 26th, 1864. 
 Brooks, John, died of disease, April 22nd, 1864. 
 Bucy Amos, died of disease, November 14th, 1863. 
 Bills, Nelson, discharged. July 28th, 1863. 
 Bills, Aaron, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Bolander, William H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Brantlinger, William, discharged, June 8th, 1805. 
 Browning, John, died of disease, November 16th, 1863. 
 Brumfleld, William H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Boicourt, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Bradford, William J., deserted, June 9th, 1863. 
 Butler, John T., died of disease, May 10th, 1863. 
 Collier, James H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Camp, George W., died of disease, , 1864. 
 
 Camp, Nicodemus, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Camp, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Camp, Joseph D., discharged, June 16th, 1864. 
 Crane, William, killed, May 13th, 1861. 
 Carrell, John C., died of disease, March 13th, 1863. 
 Cohee, Benjamin, died of wound, July 25th, 1864. 
 Cohee, Nathaniel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Chandler, Robert, discharged, June , 1865. 
 
 Charter, James M., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Cochran, Jesse H., promoted to Corporal, November 1st, 1862; to 
 
 Sergeant, February 1st, 1863; to Sergeant Major, July 29th, 1864; 
 
 to Quartermaster, March 26th, 1865; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Davis, Isaac C., discharged, September 4th, 1863. 
 Davidson, David H., died of disease, March 10th, 1863. 
 Fawcett, Joseph, died of disease, February 14th, 1863. 
 Flanigan, Leonard, killed, May 13th, 1864. 
 Green, Daniel A., transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.
 
 848 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Gale, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Gale, Jarvis; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Glick, Daniel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Gaff, Robert, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Gaie, George W., died of disease, September, 15th, 1864. 
 
 Hooker, John, promoted to Sergeant Major, March 26th, 1865 ; dis- 
 charged^ June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hege, Thomas, deserted, November 18th, 1862. 
 
 Hall Robert S., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hall, Henry, died of disease, February 22nd, 1863. 
 
 Holeman, Elihn W., promoted to Corporal, June 30th, 1863; to 
 Sergeant, March 12th, 1864; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Holeman, George W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Horn, John H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Henderson, Curtis J., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hawk, Peter, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Harrison, Joseph M., deserted, November 18th, 1863. 
 
 Horton, Elijah, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Jones, Huston, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Jones, Benjamin H., died of disease, September 27th, 1863. 
 
 Jones, James H., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Layton, David, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 Lunsford, James, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 McPeak, Thomas, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Moran, Leander, discharged, November 30th, 1864. 
 
 Moran, Elisha, discharged, March 25th, 1863. , 
 
 Meredith, Allen S., discharged, April llth, 1863. 
 
 Mack, Michael, promoted to Corporal, March 12th, 1864 ; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Mohn, Jefferson, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Olvy, William, died of disease, February 5th, 1863. 
 
 Parker, Daniel P., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Petty, William, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Ping, Thomas, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Ping, William, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Ping, John, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Quinn, Paul W., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Robertson, John T., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Robertson, John A., promoted to Corporal, March 12th, 1864 ; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Reed, Willis D., discharged, July 7th, 1863. 
 
 Ray, George, discharged, June 18th, 1863. 
 
 Roland, William, promoted to Corporal, March 12th, 1864; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Russell, Jasper J., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Runyon, Lewis, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Schooler, George, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Stump, Oliver W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Stader, John, killed, May 13th, 186-5. 
 
 Smith, William C- detached. May 31st, 1865.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 349 
 
 Simmons, Francis, died of disease, October 4th, 1883. 
 Trotter, Jeremiah, died of disease, July 28th, 1865. 
 Trotter, William C., discharged, June 8th, 1885. 
 Turner, Thornton 11., died of disease, February 2)th, 1863. 
 Tlrey, John I?., died of disease, January 18th, 1863. 
 Tooley, John D., detached, May 81st, 1865. 
 Tooley, William, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Vanzaiit, Jesse, died in rebel prison, February 14th, 1865. 
 Vahzant, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Vanzaiit, Francis, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Vanskike, James, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Weekly, Henry, discharged, January 29th, 1868. 
 Weekly, John, deserted, November 15th, 1862. 
 Williams, Humphrey, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Wincbrenner, Alexander, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Recruits, Received January 12th, 1865. 
 
 Boermann, Christian, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Bed well, Thomas J., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Bed well, Thomas D., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Bennett, Wilson, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Butler, Thomas M., detached, May 31st, 1866. 
 Horton, William, deserted, March 3rd, 1885. 
 Hlggs, Stephen J., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Hurt, Gillington A., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Henninger, Frederick, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Kelly, John P., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Marsh, John H., detached. May 31st, 1865. 
 Mansfield, John A., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Murray, Fxlward, never reported to Company. 
 O'Brian, William, never reported, to Company. 
 O'Brian, John, never reported to Company. 
 O'Harrow, Charles, never reported to Company. 
 O'Haver, Samuel M., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Price, John N., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Power, William W., never reported to Oompany. 
 
 Co. I. 
 
 LINE OFFICEKS. 
 
 Captain Samuel W. Wells, resigned, December 24th, 18<J2. 
 
 1st LieutenantHenry 8. Wescott, died of wound, September 25th, 
 1S62. 
 
 2nd Lieutenant Thomas J. Anderson, promoted to Captain, Decem- 
 ber 24th, 1862; resigned, December 1st. 1861. 
 
 NON-COKSCISSIONED OFFICERS. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant William O. Kirkpatrick, promoted to 1st Lien- 
 tenant, December 24th. 1862; died of disease, March 8th. 1863.
 
 350 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Snd Sergeant James H. Weaver, promoted to Orderly Sergeant, 
 February 25th, 1863 ; to 2nd Lieutenant, April 7th, 1863 ; died of wound, 
 July 25th, 1864. 
 
 3rd Sergeant Lemuel Hazzard, promoted to 2nd Lieutenant, De- 
 cember 21th, 1862; to 1st Lieutenant, April 7th, 1863; to Captain, Jan- 
 uary 1st, 1865 ; discharged, June 8th, 186-5. 
 
 Uh Sergeant Anderson Andrew, promoted to Orderly Sergeant, 
 May 7th, 1863 ; to 1st Lieutenant, January 1st, 1865. 
 
 5th Sergeant Jacob M. Paulus, died of disease, April 7th, 1864. 
 
 1st Corporal Levi P. McDevitt, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Snd Corporal Henry Yetter, deserted, November 23rd, 1863. 
 
 3rd Corporal William J. Ervin, discharged, April 8th, 1863. 
 
 Uh Corporal William Conklin, deserted, November 16th, 1862. 
 
 5th Corporal Jeremiah Kreiter, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 7th Corporal Allen Jennings, killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 8th Corporal Jacob Nagle, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Musiciqn Teris H. Brown, died of disease, July llth, 1S63. 
 
 Musician Charles F. Nelson, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Wagoner Jacob Hetler, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Armey. Henry, discharged, March 18th, 1863. 
 
 Aukerman, William, deserted, October 3rd, 1862. 
 
 Brown, David, promoted to Corporal, December 8th, 1862 ; died of 
 disease, September llth, 1863. 
 
 Boyer, Joshua, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Beare, Samuel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bashford, Elisha, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Beeber, Peter, deserted, November 15th, 1862. 
 
 Blauser, Henry, killed, November 25th, 1863. 
 
 Bussert, Isaac, deserted, October 27th, 1863. 
 
 Bussert, Israel, deserted, October 27th, 1863. 
 
 Baker, Allen H., discharged, April 22nd, 1863. 
 
 Bolin, Daniel, promoted to Corporal, February 25th, 1863; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bennett, William II. H., promoted to Corporal, October 10th, 1862; 
 to Sergeant, February 25th, 1863; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bennett, Charles EL, died of disease, January 24th, 1864. 
 
 Oallahan, Henry, killed, May 13th, 1864. 
 
 Callahan, Benjamin, discharged, January 23rd, 1863. 
 
 Cuffle, Henry, died of disease, March 7th, 1863. 
 
 Chiniworth, Matthew, died of disease, September 12th, 1862. 
 
 Cutshall, Leonard, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Clevinger, Randolph, promoted to Corporal, May 7th, 1863 ; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Dentzer, Daniel, killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Daisey, Moses, discharged, December 1st, 1862. 
 
 Daisey, Lamberson, discharged, June 8th, 1865.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 351 
 
 Douglass, Lev! H., promoted to Captain and A. C. S., March 2nd, 
 1864. 
 
 Flitcraft, Joseph H., deserted, July 4th, 1862. 
 
 Flickinger, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Flora, Daniel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Flowers, Henry S., discharged, June 18th, 1863. 
 
 Ferree, Henry A., promoted to Corporal, January 1st, 1865; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Gall, Henry, discharged, February 3rd, 1863. 
 
 Hoppis, George L., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hlnes, Zenas M., died in rebel prison, November 3rd, 1864. 
 
 Hawley, Joel W., discharged, June 9th, 1863. 
 
 Herendeen, Warren O., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hill, John M., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hill, Stephen, promoted to Corporal, January 1st, 1865; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Kohser, Charles, promoted to Corporal, January 1st, 1865; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Kreiter, Monroe, promoted to Corporal, February 28th, 1868 ; to 
 Sergeant, February 28th, 1864; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Keplinger, Isler, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Love, Atwood L., transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 Lawrence, William F., transferred to United States Army. 
 
 Lloyd, Simon, died of disease, July 15th, 1863, 
 
 Long, George W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Lampkins, Lorenzo D., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 McClure, Gideon, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Montil John, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Meek, Simon P., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Minear, George L., promoted to Corporal, March 1st, 1865; dls-, 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Mishler, John, died of disease, September 2nd, 1863. 
 
 Mercer, Mahlon D., died of disease, September 14th, 1863. 
 
 Montil, Daniel W., died of disease, April 25th, 1861 
 
 Meyers, Peter, killed, August 3rd, 1804. 
 
 Nixon, James, killed, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Nagle, Joseph, died of disease, October 14th, 1862. 
 
 Oliver, Perry, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Oliver, Robert S., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Pickard, John, died of disease, October 25th, 1863. 
 
 Pontious, Isaac, died of disease, October 25th, 1863. 
 
 Perry, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Perry, Nathaniel, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Paulus, Henry, discharged, April 20th, 1863. 
 
 Rowland, Henry, deserted, March 1st, 1863. 
 
 Rhodes, Absalom, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Rhodes, Joseph, deserted, November 19th, 1862. 
 
 Roudebush, Aaron, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 Rider. William H.. discharged, April llth, 1863.
 
 352 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Robinson, "William H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Rosensteel, Christian, killed, August 3rd, 1864. 
 
 Rittenhouse, William, promoted to Corporal, January 1st, 1861; 
 to Sergeant, January 1st, 1865; discharged, June 8th, 1865 
 
 Rowbotham, William, promoted to Corporal, October 8th, 1862; 
 to Sergeant, February 25th, 1863; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Schroll, Daniel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Sherbondy George, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Snoke, Samuel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Scott, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. - 
 
 Snyder, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Sheck, George, deserted, October 18th, 1862. N 
 
 Sutley, John, deserted, August 30th, 1862. 
 
 Smith, Henry, killed, November 25th, 1863. 
 
 Sparrow, William, promoted to Sergeant, November 8th, 1862; to 
 Orderly Sergeant, January 1st, 1865; detached, May, 31st, 1865. 
 
 Tinstman, John, promoted to Corporal, January- 1st, 1865; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Wedrick, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Webb, David, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Yager, George W., died of disease, January 24th, 1864. 
 
 Yount, Joseph O., died of wound, August 21st, 1864. 
 
 Mecrutta, Received Jamiary 12th, 1865. 
 
 Bryan, Jacob B., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Bibler, Stephen A., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Breiner, Michael, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bamhisel, Samuel, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Barnhisel, Cornelius, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Bamhisel, Abraham, killed by lightning, May 10th, 1865. 
 
 Blocker, John, discharged, April 1st, 1865. 
 
 Francke, Coonrad, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Gaerte, Levi, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Geiger, Franklin, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 House, Israel, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Mattax, William L., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Mussulman, Andrew J., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Mumma, John H., discharged, April 1st, 1865. 
 
 Price, Samuel, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Roberts, Jonathan, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Roberts, William, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Rhoades, George W., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Reester, George, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Ray, EHsha W., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Rose, Thomas, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Sower, John, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Stoker, Henry, detached, May 81st, 1865. 
 
 Schaar, August, detached, May 31st, 1865.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 353 
 
 Co. K. 
 
 LINE OFFICERS. 
 
 Captain George Nelson, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 1st Lieutenant John M. Godown, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 fnd Lieutenant James O'Shaughnessy, resigned.February 16th, 1865. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant John B. Maguire, promoted to 2nd Lieutenant, 
 April 19th, 1865; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Snd Sergeant James C. Peltier, discharged, September 10th, 1862. 
 
 9rd Sergeant Nicholas Miller, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Uh Sergeant Horace B. Franklin, promoted to Orderly Sergeant, 
 April 19th, 1865; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 5th Sergeant James A. McDowell, discharged, Jane 8th, 1865. 
 
 1st Corporal Francis H. Martin, promoted to Sergeant, January 
 1st, 1863 ; to Hospital Steward, April 24th, 1863 ; killed, August 9th, 1864. 
 
 Snd Corporal Lucius T. Barbour, promoted to Sergeant, September 
 1st, 1863 ; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Srd Corporal James O. Bird, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Uh Corporal Jacob Overly, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 6th Corporal Frederick Tomblinson, deserted, March 1st, 1863. 
 
 6th Corporal Stephen Chase, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 7th Corporal Charles F. Faulkner, discharged, January 4th, 1863. 
 
 8th Corporal William F. Wilson, promoted to Sergeant, April 19th, 
 1865; discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Musician William Maguire, deserted, January 1st, 1863. 
 Musician William R. Ramsey, died of disease, April 13tb, 1864. 
 
 Wagoner David A. Scott, died of disease, November 13th, 1863. 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Bare, Amos, (member of Band,) discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bentz, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bischoff, Christian, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Bloemker, Henry, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Brooks, David T., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Broome, William, deserted, January 1st, 1863. 
 
 Burnett, Henry C., died of disease, August 31st, 1863. 
 
 Bielser, John, detached, May 3lst, 1865. 
 
 Comparet, John J., died of wound, May 13th, 1864. 
 
 Christie, John W., deserted, September 5th, 1862. 
 
 Coleman, Isaiah, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Chase, John R., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Collar, William, died of wound, September 6th, 1862. 
 
 Condo, Daniel, (member of Band,) discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Conklin, Carey C., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Connell, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Davis, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865.
 
 354 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Dennis, James M., promoted to Corporal, April 19th, 1865; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Denny, Thomas P., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Dyer, Albert, discharged, April 15th, 1864. 
 
 Engle, John, detached, May 31st, 1885. 
 
 Ford, Alexander, transferred to United States Army. 
 
 Frederickson, Martin, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Fitzgerald, James W., promoted to Corporal, November 1st, 1864 ; 
 detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Fridley, James, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Gongenbach, Frederick, deserted, October 17th, 1862. 
 
 Gifford, Hiram, transferred to .Veteran Reserve Corps. 
 
 Gillespie, Henry C., died in rebel prison. 
 
 Gilpin, William, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Gilpin, David P., died of disease, January 6th, 1863. 
 * Goldman, William, (member of Band,) discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Grable, Henry W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Griffin, Thomas, promoted to Corporal, March 10th, 1864; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hoffman, Michael, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Haun, Augustus, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hays, James, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 H itzman, Ernest, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Hoff meyer, Conrad, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Horton, Alexander, discharged, November 1st, 1862. 
 
 Hughes, Ellis, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Holmes, Orrin, transferred to United States Army. 
 
 Hunter, Peter, drowned, October 7th, 1863. 
 
 Johnston, Monroe, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Johnston, Joseph P., promoted to Corporal, November 1st, 1864 ; 
 discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Johnston, George H., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Joliff, Jacob, (member of Band,) discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Jones, John W., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Kirk, Jacob, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Kissinger, Samuel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Lambert, Abraham A., deserted, September, 1st, 1862. 
 
 Laudig, Theodore, (member of Band,) discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Linder, Martin, died of disease, October 22nd, 1863. 
 
 Linton, John, killed, June 27th, 1864. 
 
 McAllister, Robert W., died of disease, February 22nd, 1863. 
 
 McTigne, Patrick, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Melbourne, Benjamin L., deserted, January 1st, 1863. 
 
 Mook, John, died of disease, October 22nd, 1863. 
 
 Meyer, John, died of disease, November 20th, 1863. 
 
 Meyer, George, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Musser. Samuel, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Moore, Perry N., discharged, June 8th, 1865.
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 355 
 
 Moore, Allen II., detached, May 31st, 1885. 
 
 Noll, Henry, died of disease, February 20th, 1883. 
 
 O'Donnell, Domlnick, deserted, January 1st, 1863. 
 
 O'Riley, James, discharged, December 25th, 1863. 
 
 Pompey, Joseph, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Pio, William, promoted to Corporal, March 10th, 1864 ; to Sergeant, 
 May 1st, 1865; detached, May, 31st, 1865. 
 
 Rogers, John, killed. May 13th, 1865. 
 
 Ruhl, John H., discharged, July 22nd, 1863. 
 
 Rummel, Ahram, (member of Band,) discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Rummel.Adam, (member of Band,) discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Reed, Richard, died of wound, August 8th, 1864. 
 
 Savage, James F., promoted to Corporal, March 10th, 1864 ; dis- 
 charged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Shaw, Henry D., promoted to Corporal, March 10th, 1864; died of 
 disease, August 1st, 1864. 
 
 Spitler, Levi, died of wound, June 9th, 1864. 
 
 Scarlett, James L., fate unknown. 
 
 Shaffer, George P., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Spidle, Christian, (member of Band,) discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Spence, Jacob, (Band Leader,) promoted to Junior Principal 
 Musician, January 1st, 1864. 
 
 Steele, James E., deserted, October 17th, 1862. 
 
 Stouder, Elijah C., transferred to United States Army. 
 
 Sullivan, John, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Stephens, Elijah E., discharged, June 8th, 1885. 
 
 Stilwell, Francis C.. discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Taylor, Edward, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Teutsch, Lawrence, deserted, November 2lst, 1862. 
 
 Thomas, Simon, promoted to Assistant Surgeon Corps de Afrl- 
 que, May 5th, 1864. 
 
 Tracy .Henry, died of wound, August 21st, 1864. 
 
 Utley, David M., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 White, George, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Whitham, Quincy O., discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Walsh, James L., detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Wilson, Isaac, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 
 Young, Henry, (member of Band,) discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 
 Recruits, Received January 12th, 1865. 
 
 Bahney, Jacob, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Bostick, Enoch, never reported to Company. 
 Corya, Michael, detached, May, 31st, 1865. 
 Lambert, Robert, detached, May 3lst,"1865. 
 Meyer, Abrnham, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Madlam, William, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Porter, Ransom, discharged, June 8th, 1865. 
 Shoemaker, John, never reported to Company. 
 Simmons, Christian, never reported to Company.
 
 356 
 
 REGIMENTAL REGISTER. 
 
 Smith, John, never reported to Company. 
 Smith, Charles, never reported to Company. 
 Weaver, Frederick, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Welbourn, Henry, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Wilcoxn, Jesse, detached, May 31st, 1865. 
 Wilson, George R., detached, May, 31st, 18&5. 
 Vandevier, William, died of disease, May 31st, 1864. 
 
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 4 m OCT 1 3 1998 
 
 BET SEP 21 '98
 
 
 
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