351 
 S83 
 1913 
 hAIN 
 
THE SUCCESSION 
 
 TO THE 
 
 CROWN OF ENGLAND 
 
 IN THE 
 
 Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth 
 Centuries 
 
 FROM EDWARD III TO GEORGE I 
 
 WITH 
 
 GENEALOGICAL TABLES 
 
 AND 
 
 References to Shakespeare's Historical Plays 
 
 1913 
 
Printed for W. R. Ware by The Underhill Press 
 Dorchester, Massachusetts. 
 
JNS51 
 SS3 
 
 /7/3 
 MAIN 
 
 THE succession to the Crown of the descendants of King 
 Edward the Third has not really been very irregular. Of 
 his seven sons the second, William of Hatfield, and the 
 seventh, William of Windsor, died in infancy, and the line of the 
 first, Edward the Black Prince, terminated at the death of his only 
 son. King Richard 11. The next heirs were the descendants of the 
 third son, Lionel, Duke of Clarence, and the Throne has been regu- 
 larly filled by them ever since, except during the first half, and again 
 at the end, of the fifteenth century, when it was twice usurped by the 
 descendants of the fourth son, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. 
 
 The first of these usurpers was Henry of Bolingbroke, Duke of 
 Hereford, John of Gaunt's oldest son, who, when Richard 11 was 
 deposed by act of Parliament in 1399, was recognized as King 
 under the name of Henry IV. He was opposed by the Duke of 
 Northumberland and his son Henry Percy, called Hotspur. But he 
 defeated them, and the Scotch army they had joined, in the battle of 
 Shrewsbury, fought in 1403, in which Hotspur was slain. He was 
 succeeded by his son and grandson, Henry V and Henry VL These 
 three Henrys are the Kings of the House of Lancaster. 
 
 The real excuse for this usurpation was the misgovernment of 
 Richard U. But Henry pretended that his mother's great-grandfather, 
 Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster, a younger brother of King 
 Edward 1, was really an older brother, and that his descendants were 
 the rightful heirs. 
 
 The immediate heirs of the Duke of Clarence were his only child 
 Philippa, who married Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, and the 
 Mortimers, their descendants. But her son Roger, Earl of March, fell 
 into the power of the Welsh Prince Owen Glendower; and his son 
 Edmund, though recognized by Richard 11 as his heir, was in no position 
 to dispute the crown with Henry IV. He left no children and after 
 his death the next heir was Anne Mortimer, his sister. Anne 
 Mortimer married Richard, Earl of Cambridge, the second son of 
 Edmund Langley, Duke of York, own cousin of her grandmother 
 Philippa. His older brother, Edward, Duke of York and Duke of 
 Aumerle, had been killed, under Henry V, at Agincourt. 
 
 The rights of Clarence and the Mortimers thus passed to the 
 House of York, first to Anne Mortimer's son Richard Plantagenet, 
 who was killed in the Battle of Wakefield, fighting against Henry VI 
 
and the Lancastrians, and then to her grandson, Edward, Earl of 
 March and Duke of York, who after the second battle of St. Albans 
 in 1461, ascended the throne under the name of Edward IV. 
 
 This established the House of York, which also counted three 
 kings, Edward IV and his brother Richard III, sons of Richard 
 Plantagenet, and between them, the youthful Edward V, son of 
 Edward IV, who survived his father only a few days, being murdered 
 in the Tower together with his brother, Richard, Duke of York, by 
 order of their uncle, Richard III. 
 
 The legitimate House of Lancaster had meanwhile become extinct 
 by the death of Henry VI in prison and the murder of his son Edward, 
 Prince of Wales, in 1471, after the battle of Tewkesbury. 
 
 The second usurpation was that of Henry Tudor, Earl of 
 Richmond, in 1485. He was the great-grandson of John, Duke of 
 Beaufort, a son of John of Gaunt by Catherine Swynforth, whose 
 children had been legitimated, though with the express provision 
 that they should have no claim to the Crown. Richmond was 
 nevertheless recognized by Parliament under the name of Henry VU. 
 Thus all the four Lancastrian kings were called Henry: — Henry IV, 
 Henry V, Henry VI and Henry VII. 
 
 The Earl of Richmond had assumed the head of the Lancastrian 
 party, pretending to inherit the Crown from his mother, the heir of th^ 
 Beauforts. But he now married Elizabeth of York, daughter of 
 Edward IV, who was the rightful heir of Lionel, Duke of Clarence. 
 Thus, though he was himself a usurper, his son Henry Vlll was the 
 lawful King. From him all the subsequent monarchs have descended. 
 
 The pretentions of the Earl of Richmond were doubly insufficient; 
 first because even the legitimate descendants of John of Gaunt had no 
 claim to the Crown as against the heirs of his older brother Lionel, Duke 
 of Clarence, and secondly because he was descended from Catherine 
 Swynforth. His father was Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, son of 
 a Welshman, Owen Tudor, who had married Catherine of France, 
 widow of Henry V. Edmund Tudor and his brother Jasper, Earl of 
 Pembroke, besides being grandsons of the French King, Charles VI, 
 were thus half brothers to Henry VI, who made them both Earls. 
 
 But, although it was his wife who was the rightful heir, and 
 Henry VII was himself, as has been said, doubly disqualified, he 
 delayed her coronation for a couple of years, not being willing to recog- 
 
nize the Yorkist claim. Although, like Henry IV, nearly a hundred 
 years before, he claimed the crown partly by act of Parliament and 
 partly by conquest, the first alone had any legal validity. For 
 Conquest is Usurpation. In neither case was there any rightful 
 inheritance. 
 
 At the death of King Edward VI, son of Henry VIII, the next 
 heirs to the Crown were (i) his half-sister, Mary Tudor; (2) his half- 
 sister, Elizabeth Tudor; (3) Mary, Queen of Scots, granddaughter of 
 his aunt, Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII' and Elizabeth of 
 York, who married James IV, King of Scotland and, after his death, 
 Archibald, Earl of Angus; (4) Lord Darnley, grandson of Margaret 
 Tudor and the Earl of Angus; (5) Lady Jane Grey, granddaughter 
 of Mary Tudor, a younger sister of Queen Margaret and of Henry 
 VIII, who married Louis XII, King of France, and after his death 
 Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. Lord Darnley, who married 
 Mary, Queen of Scots, was thus the nearest male heir. 
 
 The Tudor dynasty came to an end with Queen Elizabeth, the 
 succession passing to the descendants of her aunt, Margaret Tudor. 
 Queen Margaret's great-grandson, James VI, son of Mary, Queen of 
 Scots and Lord Darnley, then founded the English House of Stuart, 
 taking the name of James I. After the reigns of Charles I, Charles II, 
 and James II, and the exile of James' son, James III, "the Old Pre- 
 tender," and of his grandson Charles Edward, "the Young Pretender, " 
 the next three heirs were the daughters of James II, Mary and Anne, 
 and his cousin, Sophia Stuart, granddaughter of James 1, who had 
 married the Elector of Hanover. The six sovereigns of the House of 
 Hanover, who reigned during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, 
 were her descendants. The last of these, Victoria, married her cousin, 
 Albert of Saxe Coburg. Her son and grandson, Edward VII and 
 George V, are, accordingly, of the House of Saxe Coburg. 
 
 Thus, during the five hundred years since the death of Richard II, 
 who was the last of the Plantagenet kings, six dynasties, including 
 twenty-five sovereigns, have inherited the Crown of England, 
 namely, three Lancasters, three Yorks, five Tudors, six Stuarts, six 
 Hanoverians, and two Saxe Coburgs. It has six times devolved upon 
 a female heir, namely upon Elizabeth of York, Mary and Elizabeth 
 Tudor, Mary and Anne Stuart, and Victoria, besides being the heritage 
 of five women who, though they did not come to the throne, 
 
bequeathed it to their descendants, namely, Philippa Plantagenet, 
 Anne Mortimer, Margaret Tudor, Mary, Queen of Scots, and the 
 Electress Sophia. 
 
 This inheritance through women has recurred from time to time 
 until now, and if the present King, George V, had no children, the 
 crown would go to his sister, the Duchess of Fife, and her eldest son 
 would be the first monarch of the House of Duff. 
 
 It is to be noticed that whenever the Royal Family has thus 
 changed its name, as when the House of Mortimer replaced the 
 Plantagenets, the House of York the Mortimers, and when the House of 
 Tudor replaced both the Beaufort Lancastrians and the House of York, 
 the change took place because in each family the crown had devolved 
 upon a woman, whose children took the name of the family into 
 which she married. Thus Clarence's daughter Philippa married 
 Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March; his granddaughter, Anne Mortimer, 
 married Richard of York, Earl of Cambridge, and their great-grand- 
 daughter, Elizabeth of York, married Henry Tudor; Margaret Tudor 
 married a Stuart; Sophia Stuart married the Elector of Hanover, 
 and Victoria married Albert of Saxe Coburg. 
 
 Very much the same failure of male heirs occurred with the 
 Nobility as with Royalty, the Nevilles obtaining through their wives, 
 first, the Earldom of Salisbury from the Montacutes, or Montagues, 
 and then that of Warwick from the Beauchamps. This Earldom 
 finally passed to the royal family, in the person of Edward, Earl of 
 Warwick, son of Isabella Neville, a daughter of the Earl of Warwick, 
 the "King-Maker," who married her father's cousin, George, Duke 
 of Clarence, brother to King Edward IV. This unfortunate prince, 
 who was imprisoned and finally killed by Henry VII, had no 
 immediate claim to the crown. But he and his cousin the Earl of 
 Lincoln, were, next to the Queen, the most prominent members of 
 the House of York, and they were naturally the subjects of Henry's 
 jealousy. 
 
 Anne Neville, another of the King-Maker's daughters, married 
 the Lancastrian heir, Edward Prince of Wales, son of King Henry VI, 
 and after his murder at Tewkesbury married King Richard III, brother 
 of King Edward IV and cousin to her father. 
 
 The Salic Law, forbidding women either to inherit or to transmit 
 the Crown, was never recognized in England, King Stephen, in 1153, 
 
succeeding his uncle Henry I, by right of his mother, Adela, daughter 
 of William the Conqueror. If it had been in force Henry IV would 
 have been the rightful successor to Richard 11, and, later, Edward IV 
 would have succeeded Henry VI, as the heir, not of Lionel, Duke of 
 Clarence, but of Edmund Langley, Duke of York. But it does not 
 appear that in either case any such claim was set up. 
 
 On the death of Richard III the crown would have passed to his 
 nephew Edward, Earl of Warwick, son of his brother George, Duke 
 of Clarence, whom Richard had named as his heir. At the death of 
 Warwick the lines of the first five sons of Edward 111 having suc- 
 cessively become extinct, the Crown would have gone to the heir, in 
 the male line, of Thomas of Woodstock, the sixth son, whoever he 
 may have been, and that failing, to the next successor of Edward I. 
 
 There would have been no Royal Houses of Mortimer, Tudor, 
 Stuart, Hanover, or Saxe Coburg. 
 
 Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, was called the "King Maker," 
 because he had, in 1461, placed his cousin Edward IV upon the 
 throne. Both were grandsons of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland. 
 But when the King, in 1464, after the battle of Hexham, married 
 Elizabeth Wydville, widow of Sir John Grey, at the very moment 
 when he had sent Warwick to Paris to negotiate his marriage with 
 the Lady Bona of Savoy, sister of Louis XI, King of France, Warwick 
 felt so much insulted that he joined the Lancastrians, and was 
 presently killed in the battle of Barnet in 1471. 
 
 The war undertaken by Henry IV in order to confirm his power 
 was of brief duration, the only important battle being that fought at 
 Shrewsbury in 1403, in which Hotspur was killed. In this contest 
 the son of the victor of Cressy and Poitiers was driven from the throne 
 by Henry IV, just as under somewhat similar circumstances, after fifty 
 years of the Lancastrians, Henry VI, son of the victor of Agincourt, was 
 dispossessed by Edward IV. But Edward IV accomplished this only 
 after more than a dozen battles stretching through twenty years. 
 These were fought at St. Albans, (1455); Blore, (1459) ; Northampton 
 and Wakefield, (1460); Mortimer's Cross, St. Albans again, and 
 Towton, (1461); Hexham, (1464); Banbury, (1469); Stamford and 
 Lynn, (1470); Barnet, and finally Tewkesbury, (1471). All of these 
 except the battles of Wakefield, the second St. Albans, Stamford, 
 and Lynn, were won by the Yorkists. The reign of Edward IV 
 
is held to have begun in 1461, after the second battle of St. Albans, 
 when Parliament recognized his title. 
 
 The war to dethrone Richard 111, brother of Edward IV, was 
 decided in the single battle of Bosworth Field (1485), in which Richard 
 was killed. This battle gave the throne to the illegitimate branch of 
 the house of Lancaster. But, as previously in the days of Richard 11, 
 the success of the usurper was largely due to dissatisfaction with the 
 reigning king. 
 
 These two wars, the first of which was undertaken to crush the 
 legitimate House of Lancaster, and the second to place the Beaufort 
 branch of that House upon the throne, thus lasted about thirty years, 
 from 1455 to 1485. They are called The Wars of the Roses, the 
 White Rose being the emblem of the House of York, the Red Rose 
 of the House of Lancaster. It is said that in these thirty years eighty 
 princes of the blood were either executed or murdered or died upon the 
 field of battle, besides countless Dukes, Earls, Marquises, Viscounts 
 and Barons. The marriage of Henry Vll and Elizabeth of York is 
 said to have "united the Roses". 
 
 The reign of Henry VII was at first much disturbed by the dis- 
 content of the Yorkists, who put forward John, Earl of Lincoln, son of 
 Richard Ill's sister, the Countess of Suffolk, whom he had named as 
 his heir. But the Earl of Lincoln was defeated and killed at the battle 
 of Stoke, in 1487. The Yorkists also countenanced two impostors, 
 Lambert Simnel, who pretended to be the young Earl of Warwick, 
 son of the Duke of Clarence, and Perkin Warbeck, who claimed to be 
 Richard, Duke of York, second son of Edward IV. Warbeck had the 
 active support of King Edward's sister, the Duchess of Burgundy, and 
 also of King James IV, of Scotland, who married him to his kins- 
 woman, the Lady Catherine Gordon, daughter of the Earl of Huntley. 
 
 The Duchess, who was the Duke of York's aunt, brought 
 Warbeck forward merely to make trouble for King Henry VII. But 
 King James, who had married Margaret Tudor, sister of King Henry 
 VIII, seems to have really believed him to be his wife's uncle, and 
 hence the rightful heir. 
 
 In his "History of Henry VII" Lord Bacon gives an entertaining 
 account of these two impostors. 
 
 Simnel, Warbeck and the Earl of Warwick were all put to death 
 by King Henry VII. 
 
The validity of the claims asserted by the Stuarts was not 
 disputed, and the civil wars which marked the reigns of Charles 1, 
 and James U, arose between Catholics and Episcopalians, who 
 inherited the doctrines of the Middle Ages, and the Presbyterians 
 and Independents who^ under the lead of Oliver Cromwell, aimed to 
 reform not only the Church but the Civil Government, and to found 
 a Republic, or Commonwealth. 
 
 Besides important naval engagements, in which Spanish, French 
 and Dutch ships took part, battles were fought against Charles at 
 Edgehill, (1642), Stratton Hill, Round way Down and Chalgrove Field, 
 (1643), Marston Moor and Newbury, (1644), Naseby, (1645), 
 Newark, (1646), Drogheda, in Ireland, (1649), Dunbar, (1650), and 
 Worcester, (1651); and by William 111 againstJames II, at the river 
 Boyne, also in Ireland, (1690). In 171 5, also, the "Old Pretender," 
 James III, who was called the Chevalier de St. George, and was the 
 son of James II and Mary of Modena, came over from France and, 
 landing in Scotland, made an unsuccessful attempt to seize the Crown, 
 and in 1745 his son, Charles Edward, "The Young Pretender", the 
 "bonnie Prince Charlie", attempted the same thing, in his father's 
 name. He won a great victory at Preston Pans, near Edinburgh, and 
 advanced with a Scotch army as far as Derby, but finally, after a 
 second victory at Falkirk, suffered a total defeat from the Duke of 
 Cumberland at Culloden Moor, near Inverness, in the Spring of 1746. 
 This was the end of the English Civil Wars. They had covered 
 about three hundred and fifty years. 
 
 Parliament tried and executed Charles I, then recalled and re- 
 stored Charles II, then condemned to exile James II and his son 
 and grandson, James III and Charles Edward, and finally offered the 
 Crown to William of Orange, grandson of James I, who had married 
 his cousin Mary, daughter of James 11. They ascended the throne 
 together with the joint title of William and Mary. This arrangement 
 is called the English Revolution. 
 
 ■ The next heirs were Mary's sister Anne, and their father's cousin, 
 Sophia Stuart, whose mother, a daughter of James I, had married the 
 Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia, and who had herself married 
 the Elector of Hanover. 
 
 Queen Mary died in 1694, King William in 1702. They were 
 succeeded by her sister the Princess Anne, who, dying in 1714, was 
 followed by Sophia's son, George Edward, Elector of Hanover, who 
 
ascended the throne under the name of George 1, without serious 
 opposition. Like Edward VI, James 11 had women for his three next 
 heirs. If the Electress Sophia had lived two months longer she would 
 have succeeded Anne as Queen of England. But if her older brother, 
 Prince Rupert, had lived to the age of ninety-five, he would have 
 inherited the Crown in her place, and the House of Hanover would 
 have had to wait until he died. Towards the end of his life he lived 
 in England, and devoted himself to scientific studies. But both he 
 and his brother Maurice had supported themselves for some years by 
 buccaneering in the Caribbean Sea, and if he had come to the throne 
 he might have been known to history as the Pirate King. 
 
GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 
 
 In the following Tables "m" signifies Married. 
 
 The Roman Numerals 1, 111, IV and V, denote the sons of Edward ill 
 from whom descent is derived. 
 
 The dates of birth and death are given in Arabic numerals, separated by a 
 dash. When the date of birth has not been ascertained it has been omitted. 
 Persons who did not die a natural death are marked with a K, an E, or an M, 
 according as they were Killed in battle. Executed, or Murdered. The figures 
 in parenthesis give the duration of the reigns. 
 
 The Shakespeare "Histories" cover a period of nearly a hundred years, 
 from the coronation of Henry IV in 1399 to that of Henry VII in 148J, and also 
 sixteen years of the reign of Henry VIII, as follows:— --^ 
 
 RICHARD II 
 
 HENRY IV First Part 
 
 HENRY V 
 HENRY VI 
 
 Second Part 
 
 First Part 
 Second Part 
 Third Part 
 
 RICHARD III 
 HENRY VIII 
 
 13^1400 
 I 402- I 40 3 
 1403-1413 
 14 14-1420 
 I 422- I 444 
 1445-1455 
 1455-1471 
 1471-1485 
 1520-1536 
 
 2. 
 
 I year/ 
 I year. 
 10 years. 
 6 years. 
 22 years. 
 ID years. 
 16 years. 
 14 years. 
 16 years. 
 
 The plays in which any of the persons mentioned in the Genealogical 
 Tables are represented, are given with their names/enclosed in brackets. 
 
FIRST GENERATION. 
 
 The Se'ven Sons of Ed<ward III and Phitippa of HainauU, 
 I. Edward the black Prince. 
 
 1330-1376 m. Joan, (dau. of the D. of Kent). 
 
 "The Fair Maid of Kent." 
 II. WILLIAM OF HATFIELD. 
 
 III. Lionel, Duke of Clarence, m. Elizabeth de Burgh. 
 
 -1368 
 
 IV. JOHN OF Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. 
 
 1 340-1 399 m. I Blanche, (dau. of D. of Lancaster). 
 
 [R II] 2 Constance, (dau. of Peter the Cruel 
 
 of Castile). 
 3 Catherine Swynforth. 
 V. EDMUND LANGLEY, Duke of York. 
 
 1342-1402 m. Isabella of Castile. 
 
 [R II] [R II] 
 
 VI. THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, Duke of Gloucester. 
 -1397, M. at Calais. m. Eleanor Bohun. 
 
 [R II] 
 VII. WILLIAM OF WINDSOR. 
 
SECOND GENERATION. 
 
 I. Son of Edivard the Black Prince and Joan of Kent, 
 Richard ll. m. i Anne of Luxembourg (dau. of Emp. 
 
 i366-(i377-r399)-i4oo. Charles IV). 
 
 [R 11] T1394 
 
 2lsabella(dau.of Ch. VI). 
 [Rll] 
 
 III. Daughter of Lionel , Duke of Clarence and Elizabeth de Burgh, 
 
 PHILIPPA. m. Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March. 
 
 -1381 
 
 IV. Children of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster, 
 i HENRY, Earl of Derby and Duke of Hereford. 
 
 ] HENRY IV. m. Mary Bohun. 
 
 I357-(I399-I4I3)- -1394 
 
 [R II, I H IV, 2 H IV] 
 
 PHILIPPA. m. John I, of Portugal. 
 
 ELIZABETH. m. John Holland, Duke of Exeter. 
 
 IV. (///.) Children of John of Gaunt and Catherine Swynforth, 
 JOHN BEAUFORT, E. of Somerset, m. Margaret Holland,(dau. of D. of Kent). 
 
 -1410 
 [i H VI] 
 HENRY BEAUFORT (Bishop of Winchester and Cardinal). 
 1 370-1447 
 
 [i H VI, 2 H VI] 
 THOMAS BEAUFORT, Duke of Exeter. 
 -1425 
 [H V, I H VI] 
 JOAN. m. Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland. 
 
 -1425 
 [2 H IV, H V] 
 
 V. Children of Edmund Langley and Isabella of Castile, 
 EDWARD, Duke of York and Duke of Aumerle. 
 
 -1415, K. at Agincourt. 
 [R II, H V] 
 Richard, Earl of Cambridge. m. Anne Mortimer. 
 -1415. E. 
 [H V] 
 CONSTANCE. m. Th. Despenser, Earl of Gloucester. 
 
THIRD GENERATION. 
 
 III. Children of Philippa Plantagenet and Edmund, Earl of SMarch, 
 ROGER, Earl of March. m. Eleanor Holland (dau. of D. of Kent). 
 
 -1398, K. 
 *SIR EDMUND MORTIMER. m. dau. of Glendower. 
 
 [i H IV] [I H IV] 
 
 ELIZABETH. m. Henry Percy (Hotspur). 
 
 -1403, K. at Shrewsbury. 
 [i H IV, 2 H IV] [R 11, I H IV] 
 
 IV. Children of Henry IV and Mary Bohun, 
 
 HENRY V. m. Catherine, (dau. of Ch. VI). 
 
 I386-(I4I3-I422) -1438 
 
 [i H IV, 2 H IV, H V] [H V] 
 
 THOMAS, Duke of Clarence. m. Margaret (widow of John, Earl of 
 
 [2 H IV] Somerset). 
 
 JOHN of Lancaster, D. of Bedford, m. i Anne (dau. of Jean Sanspeur). 
 -1453 2 Jaquetta of Luxembourg. 
 
 [i H IV, 2 H IV, H V, I H VI] m. 2 Sir Richard Wydville. 
 
 HUMPHREY, D. of Gloucester, m. i Jaqueline of Hainault. 
 -1447 Protector of Henry V. 2 Eleanor Cobham. 
 
 [2 H IV, H V, I H VI, 2 H VI] [2 H VI] 
 BLANCHE. m. Louis III (Elector Palatine). 
 
 PHILIPPA. m. Eric III (King of Denmark). 
 
 IV. (///.) Children of John Beaufort and cMargaret Holland, 
 
 HENRY BEAUFORT, E. of Somerset. 
 
 -1418 
 JOHN BEAUFORT, D. of Somerset, m. Margaret Beauchamp. 
 -1444 
 [i H VI] 
 EDMUND BEAUFORT, D. of Somerset. 
 
 -1455, K. at St. Alban's. m. Eleanor Beauchamp. 
 
 [2 H VI] 
 JOAN. m. James I. of Scotland. 
 
 MARGARET. m. Thomas, Earl of Devon. 
 
 *Shakespeare in i H IV confounds Sir Edmund Mortimer, who was impris- 
 oned by Glendower, with his nephew, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, who 
 was detained by Richard II at Windsor, as being heir to the throne. He also 
 makes Hotspur call his wife Kate. 
 
FOURTH GENERATION, 
 
 III, Children of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, and Eleanor Holland, 
 EDMUND MORTIMER, Earl of March. 
 
 -1396, K. 
 [i H VI] 
 SIR JOHN MORTIMER. 
 
 [3 H VI] 
 SIR HUGH MORTIMER. . 
 
 [3 H VI] 
 ANNE MORTIMER. m. Richard, Earl of Cambridge. 
 
 -1415, E. 
 [H V, g H ¥ 1 3 - 
 
 IV, Son of Henry V and Catherine of France, 
 
 HENRY VI. m. Margaret of Anjou, (dau. of Rene, K. 
 
 -1482 of Sicily). 
 
 I42i-(i422-i46i)-i47i [i H VI, 2 H VI, 3 H VI, R III] 
 
 [i H VI, 2 H VI, 3 H VI] 
 
 IV. (///.) Children of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, and Margaret 
 Beauchamp, 
 Margaret Beaufort. m. i Edmund Tudor, E. of Richmond. 
 
 1441-1509 2 Thomas Stanley, E. of Derby. 
 
 [R 111] 
 
 Children of Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, and 
 Eleanor Beauchamp* 
 Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset. 
 
 -I48I 
 
 [3 H VI] 
 Edmund. 
 -1471 
 
 JOHN. 
 
 -1471 
 Margaret. m. Humphrey, E. of Stafford. 
 
 -1455 
 
 THE TUDORS, 
 
 The Sons of Catherine of France, 'cvidoiv of Henry V, and Ckven Tudor, 
 
 Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond. 
 
 -1456 m. Margaret Beaufort, granddaughter of 
 
 Catherine Swynforth. She afterwards 
 married Thomas Stanley, E. of Derby. 
 JASPER TUDOR, Earl of Pembroke, m. Catherine Wydville. 
 -1495 
 
FIFTH GENERATION, 
 
 III and V. Children of Anne Mortimer and Richard ^ Earl of Cambridge* 
 Richard PLANTAGENET, E. of March and D. of York. 
 
 -1460, K. at Wakefield. m. Cicely Neville (dau. of E. of West- 
 
 -1495 moreland). 
 
 [i H VI, 2 H VI, 3 H VI, fh-m- [R ill] 
 ISABELLA. m. Henry, Earl of Essex. 
 
 Richard Plantagenet's mother, Anne Mortimer, from whom he derived the 
 right to the throne, belonged to the Fourth Generation from King Edward Hi, 
 but his father, the Earl of Cambridge, was of the Second Generation. 
 
 IV. Son of Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou, 
 EDWARD, Prince of Wales. m. Anne Neville, (m. 2 R III). 
 
 -1471, M. at Tewkesbury. 
 [3 H VI] [R III] 
 
 IV. (///.) Children of Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, Earl of 
 Richmond, 
 
 HENRY TUDOR, Earl of Richmond, HENRY VII. 
 
 m. Elizabeth of York. 
 I456-(I485-I509)- -1502 
 
 [3 H VI, R III] 
 
SIXTH GENERATION. 
 
 Ill and V. Children of Richard PUntagenet and Cicely Neville. 
 
 Edward IV. 
 
 I44i-(i46i-i483)- 
 
 [2 H VI, 3 H VI, R HI] 
 EDMUND, Duke of Rutland. 
 1443-1460, M. at Wakefield. 
 
 [3 H VI] 
 GEORGE, Duke of Clarence, 
 -"f '»'<? -1478, M. 
 
 [3 H VI, R III] 
 RICHARD III, Dukeof Gloster. 
 f\4^X (1483-1485), K. at Bosworth. 
 
 [2 H VI, 3 H VI, R III] 
 ANNE. 
 
 ELIZABETH. 
 
 MARGARET. 
 
 m. Elizabeth Wydville. 
 -1492 
 [3 H VI, R III] 
 
 m. Isabella Neville, (dau. E. of Warwick). 
 
 m. Anne Neville, (dau. E. of Warwick). 
 [R III] 
 
 m. H. Holland, (Duke of Exeter). 
 
 [3 H IV] 
 m. John de la Pole, (Duke of Suffolk). 
 
 [i H VI, 2 H VI] 
 m. Charlesthe Bold, (Dukeof Burgundy). . 
 
SEVENTH GENERATION. 
 
 Ill and V. Children of Ediuard IV and Elizabeth Wydville, 
 
 Edward v. 
 1470-1483, M. 
 [R III] 
 
 RICHARD, Duke of York. 
 
 /^7c/ ? -1483, M. 
 
 ^ [R III] 
 
 ELIZABETH OF YORK. m. Henry VII. 
 
 -1502 
 
 III and V. Children of George, Duke of Clarence and Isabella Ne'ville, 
 
 Edward, Earl of Warwick. 
 -1499, E. 
 [R III] 
 Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, m. Sir Richard Pole. 
 -1541 
 [R HI] 
 
 III and V. Son of Richard III and Anne Neville, 
 
 EDWARD. -/^J?*- 
 
 Ill and V. Son of Elizabeth, Sister of Edivard IV and John de la Pole, 
 Duke of Suffolk, 
 
 JOHN, Earl of Lincoln. 
 -1487, K. at Stoke. 
 
EIGHTH GENERATION. 
 
 Ill, IV (///.) and V. Children of Elizabeth of York and Henry VII, 
 
 ARTHUR. 
 -1502 
 
 HENRY VIII. 
 
 -I49i-(i509-i547)- 
 [H Vlll] 
 
 MARGARET TUDOR. 
 
 -1539 
 MARY TUDOR. 
 
 m. Catharine of Aragon. 
 
 m. I Catharine of Aragon. 
 -1536 
 [H VIII] 
 
 2 Anne Boleyn. -1536, E. 
 
 [H VIII] 
 
 3 Jane Seymour. -I537 
 
 4 Anne of Cleves. -I557 
 
 5 Catharine Howard. -1542, E. 
 
 6 Catharine Parr. 
 
 m. 2 Admiral Seymour. 
 -1548 
 m. I James IV. 
 
 2 Archibald Douglas, E. of Angus. 
 
 m. I Louis XII. 
 
 2 Charles Brandon, D. of Suffolk. 
 [H VIII] 
 
 Henry VIU's mother, from whom he derived his right to the throne, 
 belonged to the Seventh Generation from King Edward III, but his father, who 
 was descended from Catherine Swynforth, was of the Fifth Generation. 
 
NINTH GENERATION. 
 
 Ill, IV {III,) and V. Daughter of Henty VIII and Catharine of Aragon, 
 Mary. m. Philip II. of Spain. 
 
 I5i7-(i553-i558)- 
 
 Daughier of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn* 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 i533-(i558-i6o3)- 
 
 Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, 
 Edward VI. 
 
 I537-(I547-I553)- 
 
 Son of Margaret Tudor and James IV of Scotland, 
 
 James V of Scotland. m. Mary of Guise. 
 
 1 51 1-( 151 3-1542)- -1560 
 
 Daughter of Margaret Tudor and the Earl of Angus, 
 Margaret Douglas. m. Earl of Lenox. 
 
 Daughter of Mary Tudor and Ch, Brandon^ Duke of Suffolk. 
 FRANCES BRANDON. m. Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset. 
 
TENTH GENERATION, 
 
 III, IV (///.)/ and V. Daughter of James V and Mary of Guise. 
 
 Mary, Queen of Scots. m. i Francis II. 
 
 2 Lord Darnley. 
 1542-1587, E. 3 Earl of Bothwell. 
 
 Son of Margaret Douglas and the Eart of Lenox, 
 Henry, Lord Darnley. m. Mary, Queen of Scots. 
 
 1546-1567, M. 
 
 Daughter of Frances Brandon and Thomas Grey, 
 Lady jane Grey. m. Lord Guilford Dudley. 
 
 1537-1554, E. -1554, E. 
 
ELEVENTH GENERATION. 
 
 Ill, IV {III,), and V. Son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Lord Damley, 
 
 f JAMES VI OF Scotland. m. Anne of Denmark. 
 
 1 566-( 1 567-1625) 
 JAMES I OF ENGLAND. 
 (1603-1625) 
 
TWELFTH GENERATION. 
 
 Children of James I and Anne of Denmark, 
 HENRY and ROBERT, both of whom died young. 
 
 Charles I. m * Henrietta Maria of France. 
 
 i6oo-(i625-i649) E. 
 
 Elizabeth. m. Frederick V, Elector Palatine and King 
 
 of Bohemia. 
 
THIRTEENTH GENERATION. 
 
 Children of Charles I and Henrietta SMaria, 
 Charles II. m. Catherine, Infanta of Portugal. 
 
 1630(1660-1685) 
 
 JAMES II. m. I Anne Hyde. 
 
 1633 {1684- 1688) 1 701 -167 1 
 
 2 Maria d'Este of Modena. 
 
 Mary. m. William, Prince of Orange. 
 
 ELIZABETH. 
 
 -1649 
 HENRIETTA. m. Duke of Orleans. 
 
 Children of Elizabeth Stuart and the Elector Palatine* 
 
 RUPERT ("Prince Rupert"). 
 
 1619-1682 
 
 MAURICE. 
 
 SOPHIA. m. Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover. 
 
 1631-1714 
 
FOURTEENTH GENERATION. 
 
 (///.) Son of Charles II and Lucy Walters, 
 James, Duke of Monmouth, 
 /^vf -1685, E. 
 
 Children of James II and Anne Hyde* 
 
 Mary. m. William, Prince of Orange. 
 1662(1689-1694) 1650-1702 
 
 ANNE. m. George, Prince of Denmark. 
 1664(1702-1714) /CJ-i- //o? 
 
 Son of James II and Mary of Modena* 
 James III (the Old Pretender). m. Maria Clementina Sobieski, Princess 
 1688- 1 766 of Poland. 
 
 Son of cMary Stuart and Williamf Prince of Orange, 
 
 ( William, Prince of Orange. 
 
 \ WILLIAM III. m. Mary Stuart. 
 
 1650(1689-1702) 
 
 Son of the Eledress Sophia and the Elector of Hanover, 
 
 I George Edward, Elector of Hanover 
 
 < m. Sophia Dorothea of Zell. 
 
 (George 1. 
 
 i66o-(i7i4-i727). 
 
 King William 111, Queen Mary, Queen Anne and King George I were all 
 great-grand-children of King James 1. 
 
FIFTEENTH GENERATION. 
 
 Sons of James III (the Old Pretender) and SMaria Sobieski, 
 
 Charles Edward (The Young Pretender) 
 
 1720-1788 m. Princess of Stolberg-Guendern. 
 
 HENRY BENEDICT (Cardinal York) 
 -1807. 
 
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