,L 
 
ThJdn^ci IP^oCttr 
 
A-. ..>-0 
 
LATIN LESSONS 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES e/'bENNETT 
 
 PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN CORNELL UNIVERSITY 
 
 
 -oo^O^oo- 
 
 • > ' J » • '» 
 
 ALLYN AND BACON 
 
 Boston nnti Ctiirngo 
 
First edition printed May, 1901. 
 
 Reprinted May, 1902; February, 1903; July, 1904; April, 1906. 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 190 1, BY 
 CHARLES E. BENNETT. 
 
 EDUCATION DEPt 
 
 *^ • ♦■■ " *■ .. ., •: •' • 
 
 ^ - •.•>.•..- GIFT or 
 
 * S.,r^- ,^v^^y.fl^jt-e_ Xvie, 
 
 J„ S. Gushing & Co. — Berwick & Smith Co. 
 Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The present work is new, and has been prepared 
 in response to. the extensive demand for a beginner's 
 book suited for use in conjunction with the Latin 
 Grammar. In all essentials it follows the plan of 
 my Foundations of Latin, published in 1898. Begin- 
 ning with Lesson XVII, it has been found possible to 
 introduce a number of simple selections of continuous 
 discourse, which, it is hoped, will add an element of 
 interest to the book without detracting from its dis- 
 ciplinary value. Most of these selections are taken, 
 with the consent of the publishers (Messrs. Long- 
 mans, Green and Co.), from Longmans' Illustrated 
 First Latin Reading Book. I have also inserted fre- 
 quent ^review lessons^ throughout the book. 
 
 The material of the body of the work is arranged 
 in sixty-six 'Lessons,' a designation chosen more in 
 view of its convenience and familiarity than because 
 the single ' Lessons ' were deemed to represent the 
 normal amount of work to be prepared for each class 
 exercise. Many of them will be too long, probably, 
 even for the best class. Just how much is taken 
 
iv Preface. 
 
 will vary with existing conditions, and must be deter- 
 mined by the teacher. 
 
 Acknowledgments are hereby tendered to Messrs. 
 Longmans, Green and Co. for their kind permission 
 to use the selections taken from their First Latin 
 Reading Book, also to Mr. Homer C. Newton, Clas- 
 sical Scholar of Cornell University, who lent mo 
 valuable assistance in preparing the English-Latin 
 exercises. 
 
 CHARLES E. BENNETT. 
 
 Cornell University, 
 May, 1901. 
 
PAGE 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 Alphabet. — Sounds. — Pronunciation. — Quantity. — Ac- 
 cent. — The Parts of Speech. — Inflection. — Nouns. 
 — Gender. — Number. — Cases. — The Five Declen- 
 sions 1 
 
 INFLECTIONS. 
 Nouns and Adjectives. 
 
 LE880N 
 
 I. First Declension. — Present Indicative Active of 
 the First Conjugation. — Subject. — Object. — 
 
 Agreement of Verb 2 
 
 II. Second Declension. — Present Indicative of Sum. 
 
 — Predicate Nouns. — Appositives .... 3 
 
 III. Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions. 
 
 — Agreement of Adjectives .... 5 
 
 IV. Nouns of the Third Declension .... 6 
 V. The Third Declension (continued) ... 7 
 
 VI. Gender in the Third Declension. — The Fourth 
 
 Declension. — The Fifth Declension ... 8 
 VII. Adjectives (continued). — Nine Irregular Adjec- 
 tives. — Adjectives of the Third Declension . 9 
 VIII. Adjectives of the Third Declension (continued) . 10 
 
 IX. Comparison of Adjectives 12 
 
 X. Formation and Comparison of Adverbs. — Numerals 13 
 
 XI. Review 14 
 
 V 
 
VI 
 
 Contents. 
 
 Pronouns. 
 
 LESSON 
 
 XII. 
 
 Personal, Reflexive, and Possessive Pronouns. 
 — Demonstrative Pronouns .... 
 
 XIII. Demonstrative Pronouns (continued). — The 
 
 Intensive Pronoun 
 
 XIV. Relative, Interrogative, and Indefinite Pro- 
 
 nouns. — Agreement of Relative Pronouns . 
 
 PAGE 
 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 
 Verbs. 
 
 XV. Conjugation. — The Four Conjugations. — In- 
 dicative of Sum 19 
 
 XVI. Subjunctive, Imperative, Infinitive, and Par- 
 ticiple of Sum . . . . . .20 
 
 XVII. Indicative Active of Amb. — Reading Selection : 
 
 A Dangerous "Wedding 21 
 
 XVIII. Active of Amo (continued) .... 23 
 XIX. Indicative Passive of Amb. — Reading Selec- 
 tion : Old Roman Virtue . . . . 24 
 XX. Passive of Amb (continued) .... 25 
 
 XXI. Review 26 
 
 XXII. Active Voice of Moneb 27 
 
 XXIII. Passive Voice of 3Ioneb. — Reading Selection : 
 
 The Death of Epaminondas .... 28 
 
 XXIV. Active Voice of Hego 29 
 
 XXV. Passive Voice of Bego. — Reading Selection: 
 
 How the Day was Saved .... 31 
 
 XXVI. Active Voice of Audio ..... 32 
 XXVII. Passive Voice of Audio. — Reading Selection: 
 
 Horatius at the Bridge 33 
 
 XXVIII. Verbs in ib of the Third Conjugation . . 35 
 
Contents. vii 
 
 LESSON PAGE 
 
 XXIX. Deponent Verbs. — Reading Selection : How 
 
 Corvinus won his Name .... 36 
 XXX. The Periphrastic Conjugations ... 38 
 
 XXXI. Review 39 
 
 XXXII. Irregular Verbs: Compounds of Sum, Pos- 
 sum, Do. — Reading Selection : The Lamb 
 and the Wolf 39 
 
 XXXIII. Irregular Verbs (continued) : Few and Com- 
 
 pounds 41 
 
 XXXIV. Irregular Verbs (continued) : Void, Nolo, 
 
 Mdlo, Fid. Reading Selections : The Phi- 
 losopher and the King ; The Fox and the 
 
 Grapes 42 
 
 XXXV. Irregular Verbs (continued) : Ed. — Defective 
 
 Verbs 44 
 
 XXXVI. Impersonal Verbs. — Questions and Answers 45 
 XXXVII. Review 46 
 
 SYNTAX. 
 
 The Cases. 
 
 XXXVIII. The Accusative. — Reading Selection : Incor- 
 ruptible . ■ 47 
 
 XXXIX. The Accusative (continued) .... 49 
 
 XL. The Dative. — Reading Selection : Two Jests 
 
 of Cicero 50 
 
 XLI. The Dative (continued) .... 52 
 
 XLII. The Genitive. — Reading Selection : The Frog 
 
 and the Ox 53 
 
 XLIII. The Genitive (continued) .... 54 
 
 XLIV. Review 55 
 
 XLV. The Ablative ....... 56 
 
Vlll 
 
 Conte7its. 
 
 LESSON 
 
 XLVI. 
 
 XLVII. 
 XL VIII. 
 
 The Ablative (continued). — Reading Selec- 
 tion : The Sibylline Books .... 
 
 The Ablative (continued) .... 
 
 The Ablative (continued). — Reading Selec- 
 tion : The Trojan Horse .... 
 
 PAGE 
 
 57 
 59 
 
 61 
 
 Syntax of Adjectives and Pronouns. 
 
 XLIX. Syntax of Adjectives . . 
 
 L. Syntax of Pronouns . . . . , 
 LI. Reviev7 
 
 63 
 64 
 65 
 
 Syntax of the Moods. 
 
 LII. The Subjunctive in Independent Sentences: 
 Hortatory, Jussive, and Deliberative Sub- 
 junctive. — Reading Selection: The Haunted 
 House. Part 1 66 
 
 LIII. The Optative Subjunctive. — The Potential Sub- 
 junctive. — Imperative ..... 68 
 
 LIV. Moods in Dependent Clauses. — Clauses of Pur- 
 pose. — Sequence of Tenses. — Reading Selec- 
 tion : The Haunted House. Fart II. . . 69 
 LV. Clauses of Characteristic. — Resu.t Clauses. — 
 
 Causal Clauses 71 
 
 LVI. Temporal Clauses : Clauses introduced by Post- 
 quam, TJt^ JJbi, SimulAc,etc. — Owm-Clauses. 
 — Reading Selection : The Sword of Damocles 72 
 LVII. Temporal Clauses (continued) : Clauses intro- 
 duced by Antequam and Priusqiiam. — Clauses 
 introduced by Dum^ Donee, and Quoad . 74 
 LVIII. Revievi^ 76 
 
Contents. ix 
 
 LESSON PAGE 
 
 LIX. Substantive Clauses : Substantive Clauses devel- 
 oped from the Jussive. — Substantive Clauses 
 
 after Verbs of hindering 76 
 
 LX. Substantive Clauses (continued) : Substantive 
 Clauses developed from the Optative. — Sub- 
 stantive Clauses of Result. — Indirect Ques- 
 tions. — Reading Selection : The Boy and the 
 
 Dolphin. Part 1 77 
 
 LXI. Conditional Sentences. — Clauses introduced by 
 Quamvis?ix\di Quamquam. — Reading Selection : 
 The Boy and the Dolphin. Part II. . . 79 
 
 LXII. Indirect Discourse 80 
 
 LXIII. The Infinitive. — Reading Selection: "If You 
 
 Want a Thing Done, — " 82 
 
 LXIV. Participles 84 
 
 LXV. The Gerund and Gerundive. — The Gerundive 
 
 Construction. — The Supine .... 85 
 LXVI. Review 86 
 
 English-Latin Exercises on Lessons I.-XXXV. . 87 
 
 Selections for Reading : 
 
 Fables 
 
 Roman History . . . o . 
 
 Notes on the Selections for Reading 
 
 General Latin-English Vocabulary . 
 
 Englisii-Latin Vocabulary . 
 
 103 
 107 
 
 126 
 
 135 
 
 168 
 
ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 abl. 
 
 = ablative. 
 
 inf. 
 
 = infinitive. 
 
 ace. 
 
 = accusative. 
 
 inter rog. 
 
 = interrogative. 
 
 adj. 
 
 = adjective. 
 
 intr. 
 
 = intransitive. 
 
 adv. ^ 
 
 = adverb, adverbial. 
 
 lit. 
 
 = literally. 
 
 c. 
 
 = common {gender). 
 
 masc. 
 
 = masculine. 
 
 comp. 
 
 = comparative. 
 
 n., neut. 
 
 = neuter. 
 
 conj. 
 
 = conjunction. 
 
 nom. 
 
 = nominative. 
 
 dat. 
 
 = dative. 
 
 p., pp. 
 
 = page, pages. 
 
 decl. 
 
 = declension. 
 
 partic. 
 
 = participle. 
 
 dep. 
 
 = deponent. 
 
 pass. 
 
 = passive. 
 
 e.g. 
 
 = exempli gratia = 
 
 pi., plu. 
 
 = plural. 
 
 
 for example. 
 
 prep. 
 
 = preposition. 
 
 etc. 
 
 = et cetera = and so 
 
 pres. 
 
 = present. 
 
 
 forth. 
 
 pron. 
 
 = pronoun. 
 
 f. 
 
 = feminine. 
 
 rel. 
 
 = relative. 
 
 gen. 
 
 = genitive. 
 
 sc. 
 
 = supply. 
 
 i.e. 
 
 = id est = that is. 
 
 sing. 
 
 = singular. 
 
 impers. 
 
 = impersonal., imper- 
 
 sup., super. 
 
 = superlative. 
 
 
 sonally. 
 
 tr., trans. 
 
 = transitive. 
 
 indecl. 
 
 = indeclinable. 
 
 w. 
 
 = imth. 
 
 indie. 
 
 = indicative. 
 
 1, with verbs 
 
 = 1st conjugation. 
 
 X 
 
LATIN* LESSONS. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 Alphabet, Sounds, pR^ifuxciAa/ioVi ' /^ 
 
 J o > J 
 
 i > 
 
 5 J 
 
 §§ 1 ; 2 ; 3, 1-3. 
 The references are to the author's Latin Grammar. 
 
 Quantity and Accent. 
 §§5, A, 1,2; 5, B, 1,2; 4; 6,1,2. 
 
 The Parts of Speech, Gender, Number, The 
 Cases, The Five Declensions. 
 
 §§ 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15, A, 1-3 ; 15, B, and footnote ; 16 ; 
 
 17; 18; 19. 
 1 
 
INFLECTIONS. 
 
 -o-0>040o- 
 
 NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES, 
 
 LESSON V 
 
 First Declension. -^- Fi^-sr Coa'^jugation, Present 
 
 Indicative Active. 
 
 §§ 20, and 1 ; 21, 1 ; 101 (Present Indicative) ; 166; 166, 2; 
 
 172; 254, 1 ; 195. 
 
 1. VOCABULARY. 
 
 copia, ae, f. , plenty; plu., occupo, I seize, take posses- 
 copiae, arum, forces, sion of, occupy, 
 
 troops. . \/ ora, ae, f., coast. 
 
 diligentia, ae, f., diligence. paro, I get ready, prepare, 
 
 et, and. procure; icin. 
 
 filia, ae, f., daughter. ' pecunia, ae, f., money. 
 
 Gallia, ae, f., Gaul. ' provincia, ae, f., province. 
 
 insula, ae, f., island. renuntio, I announce, report. 
 
 laudo, I praise. servo, I guard, watch. 
 
 Lucretia, ae, f., Lucretia, a victoria, ae, f., victory. 
 woman's name. 
 
 1 For exercises on the translation of English into Latin, see 
 p. 87. 
 
 2 
 
Second Declension. 3 
 
 2. 1. Flliarum, filiae, filias. 2. Provinciis, pro- 
 vinciam, provinciarum. 3. Copiae, copiaruin, copiis, 
 copias. 4. Dlligentia, diligentiam, diligentiae. 5. Ora- 
 ruiHj oris, oras, ora, orae. 6. Pecimiam, pecuniae, pecu- 
 nia. 7.- Victoria, victoriae, victoriam. 8. Victorils, 
 victorias, victoriarum. 9. Insulis, insula, insulae, in- 
 sularum. 10. Lucretiam, Lucretiae ; Galliam, Galliae. 
 
 3. 1. Lucretia filias ^ laudat.^ 2. Filiam Lucretiae 
 laudamus. 3. Filias Lucretiae laudatis. 4. Oras pro- 
 vinciae servas. 5. Copias parat. 6. Diligentiam fi- 
 liarum laudatis. 7. Pecuniam parant. 8. Victoriam 
 "copiarum renimtiamus. 9. Provinciam Galliae occu- 
 pat. 10. Oras insulae occupamus. 11. Lucretiam 
 et filias^ laudo. 12. Copiae victoriam renuntiant. 
 13. Filiae Lucretiae copias laudant. 
 
 LESSON XL 
 
 Second DECLExsiOiSr. — Present Indicative op 
 Sum. — Predicate Nouns. — Appositives. 
 
 §§ 23; 25, 2; 2^, 1, a; 100 (Present Indicative); 167; 168; 
 "" ' ' 169,1,2. ^ 
 
 4. VOCABULARY. 
 
 Ardea, ae, f., Ardea, a Latin captlvus, i, m., captive, priS' 
 town. 07ier. 
 
 1 ' Her daughters.' The possessive pronouns, 'his,' 'her,' 
 ' its,' ' their,' etc., are often omitted in Latin, and may be freely 
 supplied in translation, wherever this makes appropriate sense. 
 
 2 The verb ordinarily stands at the end of the sentence in 
 Latin. 
 
4 Second Declension. 
 
 filius, 1 (ii), m., son. numerus, i, m., number. 
 
 Gallus, 1, m., a Gaul. nuntius, i (ii), m., messen- 
 gladius, 1 (ii), m., sword. ger. 
 
 jumentum, i, n., beast of bur- oppidum, i, n., toicn, walled 
 
 den. town. 
 
 Latinus, i, m., a Latin. oppugno, I attack., assault. 
 
 liberi, orum, m. pi. , c/i?7c7rew. praemium, i (ii), n., re- 
 Marcus, i, m., Marcus.) a ward. 
 
 man's name. Romanus, i, m., a Boman. 
 
 5. 1. Praemiis, praemio, praemiorum, praeml, 
 praemia. 2. ISTimtio, niintios, nimtium, nunti. 3. Fill, 
 fllii, fllios, filio. 4. Numeri, numeris, numerum. 
 5. Oppidorum, oppida, oppido, oppidi. 6. Captivos, 
 captivi, captivo, captlvorum. 7. Gladio, gladios, gla- 
 dii, gladi. 8. Agrorum/ agro, agrls, agros. 9. Pueri/ 
 pueris, puerorum, pnero. 10. Virl, viro, virorum. 
 
 6. 1. Sumus nuntil^ Romanorum. 2. Estis captlvi. 
 3. Romani numerum jumentorum parant. 4. Marcus 
 est filius Lucretiae. 5. RomanI oppida Gallorum op- 
 pugnant. 6. Fllios Marci laudamus. 7. Estis llberi 
 Marci. 8. Nuntii victoriam Romanorum renuntiant. 
 9. Captivl sunt Galll. 10. Nuntius victoriae est Gal- 
 lus. 11. Praemia liberorum laudatis. 12. Roman! 
 captivos servant. 13. Es filius Marci et Lucretiae. 
 14. Romani Ardeam, oppidum Latinorum, oppugnant. 
 
 1 ^yords given in the paradigms of the Grammar are inten- 
 tionally omitted from the Lesson Vocabularies. 
 
 2 A predicate noun may (and often does) follow the verb. 
 
Agreement of Adjectives. 5 
 
 LESSON III. 
 
 Adjectives of the First axd Second Declensions. 
 Agreement of Adjectives. 
 
 §§ 62-65, 1 ; 233,^2 ; 234 ; 350, 4, and a. 
 
 7. VOCABULARY. 
 
 dimico, I contend. pabulum, i, n., forage, food 
 ' finitiiuus, a, um, neighbor- (of animals). 
 
 ing. parvus, a, um, small. 
 
 '■{ Hispania, ae, f., Spain. proelium, i (ii), n., battle. 
 
 magnus. a, um, large^ great. pulcher, chra, chrum, beau- 
 multus. a, um, much; pi., tiful. 
 
 many. Romanus, a, um, Boman. 
 
 vexo, I ravage. 
 
 8. 1. Multa jumenta, multorum jumentorum, multis 
 
 jumentis. 2. Magiiae Insulae, magnarum msularum ; 
 parvam Insulam, parvis insulls. 3. Filiae pulchrae, 
 filios pulchros, fill am pulchram. 4. Puerorum bono- 
 rum, puero bono, piieris bonis. 5. Agros multos, 
 agrorum multorum, agrls multis. 6. Provinciae 
 finitimae, provinciis finitimis. 
 
 ^ 9. 1. Multa jtimenta paramus. 2. Galli et Roman! 
 multis proeliis dlmicant. 3. Jumenta sunt parva. 
 4. Copiae Romanae agros finitimos occupant. 5. Pro- 
 vinciam finitimam occupamus. 6. Magnam dlligen- 
 tiam flliorum laudatis. 7. Magnam copiam pabull 
 parant. 8. Agri Gallorum sunt boni. 9. Roman! 
 multos agros G-allorum vexant. 10. Filiae Lucretiae 
 sunt bonae et pulchrae. 11. Bellum magna d!ligentia 
 paratis. 12. Hispania est magna provincia. 
 
6 Third Declension. 
 
 LESSON IV. 
 Third Declension: Consonant and Liquid Stems. 
 
 §§^-34-. 
 
 10. VOCABULARY. 
 
 Caesar, aris, m., Caesar. libero, I free^ set free. 
 
 consul, uiis, m., consul. obsecro, I entreat. 
 
 dono, I present. '**^»^ obses, idis, c.^, hostage. 
 
 Germani, orum, m. pL, Ger- pater, patris, in.., father. 
 
 mans. . pax, pacis, f., peace. 
 
 imperator, toris, m., com-^ rex, regis, m., king. 
 
 mander. salus, lutis, f., safety. 
 
 laus, laudis, t, praise. virtus, tiitis, f., valor. 
 lex, legis, f., law. 
 
 11. 1. Consulibus bonis, coiisuli bono, consulem 
 bonum, consulis boni^ consules bonos. 2. Virtute 
 magna, virttitis magnae, virtutem niagnam. 3. Milites 
 Roman!, milites Romanos, militis Roman!, m!lit! 
 Romano. 4. Magnae victoriae consulis Roman!; 
 multae consulis victoriae. 5. Patr! consulis; laus 
 m!litum ; magna imperatoris virtute. 
 
 12. 1. Rex Germanorum saliitem et pacem obsecrat. 
 2. Leges Romanorum sunt bonae. 3. Caesar, impera- 
 tor Romanus, virtutem ni!litum laudat. 4. Marcum, 
 consulis f!lium, laudamus. 5. Milites magna virtute 
 d!micant. 6. Roman! sunt victores. 7. M!les mag- 
 nam consulis victoriam renuntiat. 8. Caesar m!liti- 
 bus gladios donat. 9. Rex obsides Romanos liberat. 
 
 1 See § 15, B, Note 1. 
 
Third Declension. — Nasal Stems. 7 
 
 10. Imperatorem Romanum laudatis. 11. Nimtii pacis 
 salutem obseciant. 
 
 LESSON V. • 
 
 Third Declension : Kasal Stems, s-Stems, 
 I-Stems, Mixed Stems. 
 
 §§ 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 39, 1; 40; 40, 1, a, 6, c. 
 
 13. VOCABULARY. 
 
 altus, a, um, high; deep. gens, gentis, f., tribe. 
 
 Ariovistus, 1, m., Ariovistus^i genus, eris, n., kind, class. 
 
 a king of the Germans. Germanus, a, um, German. 
 
 civis, is, c, citizen, fellow- litus, oris, n., shore. 
 
 citizeni mens, mentis, f., mind. 
 
 classis, classis, i., fleet. pedes, itis, m., foot-soldier; 
 coUis, is, m., hill. in pi., infantry. 
 
 convoco, I call together. propter, prep. w. ace, on ac- 
 cum, prep. w. abl., ivith. count of. 
 
 eques, itis, m., horseman; in terror, oris, ni., terror, fear. 
 
 pi., cavalry, horsemen. urbs, urbis, f., city. 
 
 14. 1. Civibus Romanis, civis Romanos, civi Romano, 
 civiiim Romanorum. 2. Magnos terrores, magiio ter- 
 rore. 3. Urbis altae, urbiuin altai'um, urbes altas. 
 4. Honorum, lionorl, lionoribus, lionore. 5. Collium 
 altoriim, collis altos, colles alti, collis alti. 6. Geu- 
 tium finitimamm, litoribus finitimis, litora fmitima. 
 
 15. 1. Simt^ inulta genera civium. 2. Civis Roma- 
 nos propter magnani virtutem laudamus. 3. Magnani 
 
 1 ' There are ; ' est and sunt, particularly at the beginning of 
 a sentence, often have the meaning: 'there is,' 'there are.' 
 
8 Fourth and Fifth Declensions. 
 
 classem paraiit. 4. Collem altum occupatis. ' 5. Litora 
 multarum insularum classe occupat. 6. Colles urbis 
 sunt alti. 7. Terror mentes militum occupat. 8. Mul- 
 tae gentes cum Caesare dimicant. 9. Cum peditibus et 
 equitibus colles urbis oppugnat. 10. Gentes Gallorum 
 pacem obsecrant. 11. Ariovistus gentes Germanas 
 convocat. 
 
 LESSON VI. 
 
 Gender in the Third Declension. — The Fourth 
 AND Fifth Declensions. 
 
 §§ 43, 1, 2, 3 ; 48 ; 50 ; 51 ; 52, 1 ; 52, 4 ; 53. 
 
 16. VOCABULARY. 
 
 acies, el, f., line of battle. exercitus, us, m., a7"my. 
 
 coUoco, I place. ,,. fides, ei, f., fidelity^ loyalty. 
 
 cornu, us, n., horn; wing in, prep. w. abl., in, on. 
 
 (of an army). " ' legio, onis, f., legion. 
 
 de, prep. w. abl., concerning. portus, us, m., harbor. 
 
 dexter, tra, trum, right. probo, / approve. 
 
 dubito, I doubt., am in doubt. quattuor, indecl., /oz(r. 
 
 equitatus, us, m., cavalry. „^ senatus, us, m., senate. 
 
 \ 17. 1. Rerum multarum, rebus multis, rem mag- 
 nam, rei magnae, de re magna. "2. PortuI bono, in 
 portibus bonis, portuum bonorum, magnus numerus 
 portuum, portus bonos. 3. Senatui Romano, in senatu 
 Romano, senatus Romani. 4. Fidem bonam, fidei 
 bonae. 5. Magnos exercitus, quattuor magnis exerciti- 
 bus, quattuor magnorum exercituum, magno exercitui. 
 
Nine Irregular Adjectives. 9 
 
 18. 1. Caesar legiones in acie collocat et oppidiim 
 oppugnat. 2. In magno portii sunt multae insulae. 
 
 3. Senatus de fide multarum legionum, dubitat. 
 
 4. Multas res senatuT renimtiat. ^ De multis rebus 
 dubitamus. 6. Legiones portum insulae servant. 
 7. Imperator fidem exercitus probat. 8. De exercitu 
 Caesaris dubitamus. 9. In exercitu sunt multi et boni ^ 
 milites. 10. In dextro cornu equitatum collocat. 
 11. Est in insula magnus numerus portuuni bonorum. 
 
 LESSON VII. 
 
 Nine Irregular Adjectiv^es. — Adjectives of the 
 Third Declension with Three Terminations. 
 
 §§ m ; 67, 1, 2, 3, and a ; 68 ; 68, 2. 
 
 •/ 
 
 19 y VOCABULARY. 
 
 Belgae, arum, m. pi., Bel- periculum, i, n., danger. 
 
 cfians, a Gallic tribe. regio, oiiis, f., region. 
 
 celer, eris, e, swift. sine, prep. w. abl., without. 
 
 equester, tris, tre, eques- spero, I hope, hope for ; gov- 
 
 trian. erns the ace. 
 
 hostis, is, c, an enemy ; pi., spes, ei, f., hope. 
 
 the enemy. supero, I conquer, defeat. 
 
 munus, eris, n., reward. vasto, I lay vmste. 
 
 nunc, noiD. vito, I avoid. 
 
 20. 1. Alterius praemi, alia praemia, aliis praemiis. 
 2. Sine ullo honorej sine ulla spe, nullius urbis, nulli 
 
 iThe Latin regularly says 'many and good,' where we say 
 'many good.' 
 
10 Adjectives of the Third Declension, 
 
 urbi. 3. Proelium equestre, proelio equestri, proelia 
 equestria, proelioriun equestrium, proeliis equestribus. 
 4. Victoriae celeris, victorias celeres, victoriis celeri- 
 biis, victoria celerl. 5. Unum proelium, aliiid proe- 
 lium, alii proelio, alterl proelio. 
 
 21. 1. Sine iillo periculo oppida totlus regionis 
 op.pugnamus. 2. Nulli mlliti munera donatis. 3. Co- 
 piae Caesaris solius equestri proelio dimicant. 4. Alios 
 milites in acie collocas. 5. Aliam classem paramus. 
 6. Aliud bellum sperant. 7. Praemia alterius belli 
 speramus. 8. Senatus de fide unius regis dubitat. 
 9. Nuntii soli pacem sperant. 10. Exercitus E,6manus 
 agros Belgarum et multarum aliarum gentium vastat. 
 11. Equites hostes celerl victoria superant. 12. Milites 
 sine ulla spe victoriae dimicant. 13. Perlcula alterius 
 proell vitamus. 
 
 LESSON VIII. 
 
 Adjectives of the Third Declension with Two 
 Terminations, and One Termination. 
 
 §§ 69 ; 09, 1 ; 70 ; 70, 1 ; 70, 4. 
 
 22. VOCABULARY. 
 
 adulescens, centis.ni., ?/oz<»f7 incolumis, e, unharmed, uii' 
 
 man. ijijured. 
 
 auxilium, 1 (ii) , n., aid, help. legatus, i, m., envoy. 
 
 communis, e, common. raiando, / assign. 
 
 fortis, e, strong, brave. militaris, e, military. 
 
 homo, minis, c, man. negotium, i (ii), n., business. 
 
 impero, I demand. nobilis, e, noble. 
 
Adjectives of the Third Declension. 11 
 
 omnis. e, all^ every. 
 potens, entis, powerful. 
 signum, 1, n., standard. 
 talis, e, such. 
 
 terra, ae, f., land, a land. 
 tribunus, i, m., tribune, oflB- 
 cer in a Koman legion. 
 
 "^ 23. 1. Keges potentes, reges potentis, regis potentis, 
 regum potentium, regibus potentibus. 2. 'Signum 
 mllitare, signa mllitaria, signorum militarium, signo 
 mllitarl, signis mllitaribus. 3. Victoria vetus, victc 
 riae veteri, victorias veteres, victoria vetere, victoriiL 
 veteribus. 4. Homines talis, homo talis, hominis talis, 
 hominum talium, hominibiis talibus. 
 
 p/^ 24. 1. Adulescens nobilis est incolumis. 2. Omnes 
 agri sunt boni. 3. Omnes legati Gallorum auxilium 
 Caesaris obsecrant. 4. Caesar omnes tribunos legi- 
 onis laudat. 5, VirTs talibus negotium mandamus. 
 
 ^ 6. Signa militaria sunt pulclira. 7. Adulescentibus 
 nobilibus gladios donat. 8. Magnum numerum obsi- 
 dum nobilium imperat. 9. Nullus vir fortis perlcula 
 commimia vitat. 10. Cum rege potent! dimicamus. 
 11. Terras regum potentium vastamus 
 
12 Compariso7i of Adjectives. 
 
 LESSON IX. 
 Comparison of Adjectives. 
 
 §§ 71, 1, 2, 3, 4 ; 72 ; 73, 1 (prior, citerior, ulterior, 
 
 propior); 73, 2. 
 
 25. VOCABULARY. 
 
 acer, acris, acre, sharp, vlg- ops, opis, f. (nom. sing, not 
 orous. used), help; pi., resources. 
 
 brevis, e, short, brief. poena, ae, f., punishment, 
 castra, orum, n. pi., a camp. penalty. 
 
 coraparo, I get ready. porta, ae, f., gate. 
 
 euro, I care for, take care of. quam, than. 
 
 dux, ducis, m., leader. Rhenus, i, m., Bhine. 
 
 familia, ae, i., family. Rhodanus, i, m., Bhone. 
 
 gravis, e, heavy, severe. servus, i, m., slave. 
 
 impetus,us,m.(§ 57, 4), a«tacX\ vita, ae, f., Z(/e. 
 
 - 26. 1. Oppida proxima, oppidorum ultimorum. 
 2. Ptignae acerrimae, piigna acerrima. 3. Portarum 
 majorum, portTs minoribus, porta m pulcliridrem, 
 portae pulcherrimae. 4. Castroruni majorum, castrls 
 minoribus. 5. Poenarum gravissimarum, poenas 
 graviores, poenis gravioribus. 6. Impetus acerrimi, 
 impetCi acriore, impetiis acriores. 
 
 27. 1. Pater maximam familiam liberorum et ser- 
 vorum curat. 2. Vita liominis brevissima est. 3. Im- 
 petus hostium est acerrimus. 4. Mllites legionis 
 primae castra minora oppugnant. 5. Minimum peri- 
 culum vitat. 6. Caesar est dux fortissimus. 7. Portae 
 minoris urbis sunt pulcherrimae. 8. Majores opes 
 
Formation and Comparison of Adverbs. 13 
 
 compararaus. 9. Ultimas geiites provinciae superas. 
 
 10. Rhodanus est propior provinciae quani Rheniis. 
 
 11. Poenam gravissimam vitas. 12. Legiones agros 
 optimos vastant. 
 
 LESSON X. 
 
 Formation and Comparison of Adverbs. — 
 
 Numerals. 
 
 §§ 76, 1, 2; 77 (bene, male, magnopere, multum, non 
 multum, diu, saepe, prope); 80, 1-5; 350, 6. 
 
 28. VOCABULAKY. 
 
 aditus, us, m., approach. fortiter, bravely. 
 
 Alb^nus, a, um, Alhan. Gaius, i, m., Gaius, a man's 
 
 animus, i, m., heart, mind. name. 
 
 centum, indecl., hundred. nomen, inis, n., name. 
 
 confirmo, I encourage. princeps, ipis, m., chief. 
 
 decem. indecl., ten. pugno, I lifjlit. 
 
 difficulter, adv. (from diffi- Sequani, orum, m. pi., ^S'e- 
 
 cilis), v^ith difficulty. quani, a Gallic tribe, 
 
 ducenti, ae. a, tu^o htindred. tardo, I check. 
 
 facile (from facilis), easily. triginta, indecl., thirty. 
 
 29. 1. Cum triginta mllitibus, cum tribus puew^cum 
 duobus prmcipibus. 2. Duo filii, duos filios, tres 
 principes, trium prmcipum, mille equites. 3. Melius, 
 diutius, minus fortiter, optime. 4. Fortius, maxime. 
 propius, saepissime. 5. Nomina duorum principum. 
 6. Decem millia peditum; cum centum millibus equi- 
 tum et peditum ; ducenta millia militum. 
 
 *^Z0. 1. Belgae fortius quam Sequani pugnant. 
 2. Roman! Gallos facillime superant. 3. Cum tribus 
 
14 Revieiv, 
 
 mlllibus Gallorum dimicamus. 4. Ducenti Romanl 
 impetum hostium facile tardant. 5. Unus Komanus 
 tres adulescentes Albanos supera,t.| 6. Nomina duorum 
 filiorum sunt Gains et Marcus. 7. Mille adulescentes 
 aditum difficillime servant. 8. Animos legionum 
 facile confirmat. 9. Diutissime pugnant. 
 
 LESSON XI. 
 
 31. 1. Sine ullo perlculo alterum oppidum oppug- 
 nant. 2. Unam legionem in dextro cornu collocat. 
 
 3. Legati Gallorum auxilium Caesaris obsecrant. 
 
 4. In castris majoribus sunt duae legiones. 5. Hos- 
 tes diti et acriter pugnant. 6. Duos colles altissimos 
 peditibus occupamus. 7. Acerrime et fortissime dimi- 
 camus. 8. Legiones castra minora oppugnant. 9. Col- 
 lem aliis legionibus occupat. 10. A^irtutem ducum 
 Romanorum et mllitum laudamus. 11. Dux maximas 
 copias parat. 
 
PRONOUNS. 
 
 LESso:Nr XII. 
 
 Personal, Reflexive, Possessive, and Demon- 
 strative Pronouns. 
 
 §§ 82 ; 83 ; 84j 85 ; 85, 1 ;\8^; 86, 1 ; 87 (Hic) 
 
 32. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ad, prep. w. ace, toA 
 
 amicus, 1, m., friend. 
 
 angustiae, arum, f. pi., a 
 narrow pass. 
 
 arma, orum, n. pi., arms. 
 
 audacter, bravely. 
 
 beneficium, i(ii), n., kind- 
 ness. 
 
 culpo, I blame. 
 
 despero, I despair^ despair 
 of; governs the ace. 
 
 explore, I explore. 
 
 33. 1. ]\Iihi, nos, tii, nobis, suL meT, vos, tibi, vobTs. 
 2. Vestrum, nos, sibi, me, se, te. 3. Amicus meus,^ 
 amicorum meorum ; amicus noster, amicTs nostrls. 
 
 expugno, / take hy storm, 
 captture. 
 
 gravis, e, heavy, serious. 
 
 injuria, ae, f., wrong, in- 
 justice. 
 
 insidiae, arum, f. pi., am- 
 bush, plots. 
 
 longus, a, um, long. 
 
 memoria, ae, f,, memoi'y, 
 recollection. 
 
 navalis, e, naval. 
 
 voco, I call. 
 
 1 English to is rendered by ad in Latin, if there is an idea of 
 motion ; otherwise the dative is used. 
 
 2 § .350, 5, c. 
 
 15 
 
16 Demonstrative Pronouns. 
 
 % 
 4. Pater tuns, patri tiio, cum patre tuo. 5. Amicus 
 
 vester, amicorum vestrorum. 6. Hujus^ puerT, huic 
 
 puero; hos viros. 7. Hae angustiae, harum insidia- 
 
 rum, haec arma, liorum castrorum. 
 
 \_3^ 1. Hos pueros ad nos vocamus. 2. Caesar 
 cum his omnibus legionibus hoc oppidum expugnat. 
 3. Ntillus alius imperator copias suas culpat. 4. Filia 
 mea te vocat. 5. Hi legatT pacem obsecrant. 6. Hae 
 injuriae sunt gravissimae. 7. Cum hoc adulescente 
 quattuor captivos servo. 8. Has provincias explora- 
 mus. 9. Vestra memoria hujus injuriae est longis- 
 sima. 10. In hae pugna navali audacissime pugnant. 
 11. Copiae hujus ducis victoriam desperant. 
 
 LESSOK XIII. 
 
 Demonstrative Pronouns (Iste, lUe, Is, Idem). 
 — The Intensive Pronoun. 
 
 §§ 87 ; 88. 
 
 35. VOCABULARY. 
 
 agmen, minis, n., arimj (on mandatum, i, n., command^ 
 
 the march), column. order. 
 
 celeritas, tatis, f., speed. officium, i (ii), n., duty. 
 
 equus, 1, m., horse. opinio, onis, f., opinion. 
 
 frater, tris, m., brother. ordo, inis, ni., rank. 
 
 frumentum, i, n., grain. praesto, I shoiv. 
 
 hiemo, I pass the winter. servo, I preserve. 
 
 ignavus, a, um, cowardly. tempto, / attempt, make trial 
 iter, itineris, n, (§ 42, 1), of; governs the ace. 
 
 journey, inarch. vulnero, I wound. 
 
 1 § 350, 5, a. 
 
Relative^ Interroijatlve^ Indefinite Pronouns. 17 
 
 36. 1. Istius frumenti, istud frumentum, istO fru- 
 mento. 2. Eaclem celeritate, ejusdem opinionis, eadera 
 mandata. 3. Ejus^ pater, eoriim^ llberl. 4. Eisdem 
 itineribus, eorundem equorum. 5. Illis fratribus, illo- 
 rum fratrum, illi fratrl, cum ilia filia. 6. Idem agmen, 
 eadem agmina, in eodem agmine, earundem opinionum. 
 
 >/ 37. 1. Eum vulnero. 2. Eos gladio meo vulnero. 
 3. Eam ad nos voco. 4. Patrem eorum obsecro. 
 5. Ejus patri illud negotium mando. 6. Ipse ^ iu illis 
 regionibus cum his legionibus hiemat. 7. Ilium aditum 
 difficiliorem temptant. 8. Eadem beneficia nobis 
 
 _ praestat. 9. IllI mllites ordines servant. 10. Ilia 
 officia sunt minus difficilia. 11. Duces illorum exer- 
 cituum sunt ignavissiml. 12. IllI liomini plu^imos 
 agros donatis. 
 
 "o^ 
 
 LESSON XIV. 
 
 Relative, Interrogative, axd Ixdefinite Pro- 
 nouns. — Agreement of Relative Pronouns. 
 
 §§ 89^; 90, 1, 2 ; 91 ; 91j_l, 2, 3, 8 ; 250. 
 
 38> -^ VOCABULARY. 
 
 angustus, a, um, narrow. castellum, i, n.^fort. 
 
 apertus, a. um, open. civitas. tatis. f., state. 
 
 armo^ I arm. cohors. cohortis, f., coliort 
 
 auctoritas, tatis, f., author- (ili vision of a legion). 
 ity^ influence. 
 
 1 § 86, 1. 2 jpgQ alone means ' he himself.' 
 
18 Relative^ Interrogative^ Indefinite Pronouns. 
 
 condicio, onis, f., condition, mulier, mulieris, f., luoman. 
 
 terms. praeda, ae, f., booty. 
 
 deditio, onis, f., surrender. recuse, I refuse. 
 
 delecto, I delight. turpis, e, base. 
 
 finis, is, m., end^ boundary. uxor, oris, f., wife. 
 
 39. 1. Cujusque coliortis ; quamque cohortem, cuique 
 cohort!, 2. Cuiquam, quidquam, cujusquam. 3. Cujus 
 auctoritas ? In qua civitate ? 4. Oppidorum quorun- 
 dam, in oppidis quibusdam, viro cuidam, mulierem 
 
 >_quandam. ; 5. Cujus castelli ? Quod castellum ? 
 
 6. Quis vir? Qui vir? 7. Amico cuivis, amicls 
 quibusvis. 
 
 40. 1. Hic imperator legiones quasdam annat. 
 2. Praeda aliquos milites delectat. 3. Quae oppida 
 mllites opptignant ? 4. Oppidum quod dam Belgarum 
 oppugnant. 5. Ille dux quasdam condiciones turpes 
 deditionis recusat. 6. Quis homo nos obsecrat ? 
 
 7. Quod oppidum oppugnatis ? 8. Regiones quae 
 apertae sunt vastamus. 9. Fines cujusque provin- 
 ciae sunt angusti. 10. Cujus uxor est haec mulier? 
 11. Est uxor ejus virl quem servamus. 
 
VERBS. 
 
 LESSOR XV. 
 The Conjugations. — Indicative of Sum. 
 
 §§ 93-95; 98; 99; 100 (Indicative Mood). 
 
 41. VOCABULARY. 
 
 adventus, us, m., arrival. mons, mentis, m.^mountain^ 
 animus, i, m., soul. hill. 
 
 deus, 1, lu., god. natura, ae, f., nature. 
 
 fossa, ae, f., ditch., trench. nondum, not yet. 
 
 Juppiter, Jovis, m. (§ 41), oculus, i, m., eye. 
 
 Jupiter. pro, prep. w. abl., before, in 
 locus, 1, m., place, pi. loca, front of. 
 
 orum, n. repentinus, a, um, sudden. 
 
 ubi, interr. adv., where ? 
 
 42. 1. Fneritis, eras, ero, erunt, fuerint. 2. FuistT, 
 estis, eris,- fueratis, erit. 3. Eiieras, siimus, fuerunt, 
 erit. 4. Sunt meliores, es melior, fuistis optiml. 
 5. Eramus amici, sumus legatT. 6. Victores fuimus, 
 fuerat victor. 7. Fuero, erat, erant. 8. Fuere, est, 
 eram. 
 
 -43. 1. ISTonduin consul fui. 2. Hi consnles ignavi 
 fuerunt. 3. Ubi pater tuus fuerat ? 4. In castris 
 
 19 
 
20 Conjugation of Sum. 
 
 hostium erat. 5. In pliirimis Gallorum oppidTs f uimiis. 
 
 6. Pro his castris erat fossa alta. 7. Animus est 
 oculus mentis. 8. Juppiter fuit maximus Romano- 
 rum deus. 9. Adventus equitum repentlnus fuerat. 
 10. Natura loci fuit difficilis. 11. Vos, milites, qui 
 omnia perlcula vltatis, estis turpes. 12. Hi montes 
 sunt altissiml. 
 
 LESSON XVI. 
 
 Subjunctive, Imperative, Infinitive, Participle 
 
 OF Sum. 
 
 Page 57. 
 
 44. VOCABULARY. 
 
 amicitia, ae, f. , friendship. laetus, a, um, glad, joy- 
 
 beatus, a, um, happy. ful. 
 
 consilium, i (ii), n., plan, libertas, atis, f., free- 
 advice, dom. 
 
 contentus, a, um, contented. non, not. 
 
 controversia, ae, f., contro- semper, adv., always, 
 
 versy. sub, prep. w. abl., under. 
 
 felix, liciB,fo7'tunate, happy. supplicium, i (ii), n.^punish- 
 
 inter, prep. w. ace, between, ment, torture. 
 
 among. tempus, oris, n., time. 
 
 45. 1. Fuisse, esto, simus, essent. 2. Esse, futurus, 
 sit, fuissem. 3. ContentI fuissemus, sit fellx, sint 
 felloes. 4. Este, sitis, estote, esset. 5. Sunto, futu- 
 rus esse, es. 6. Fuissetis beati, fuisset beatus. 
 
 7. Essem, fuisses, sis. 
 
 46. 1. Sit amicitia inter me et te. 2. Haec lex esto 
 brevis. 3. Laetissimus fuisset. 4. Sub alio duce niili- 
 
First Conjugation : Indicative Active. 21 
 
 tes fortiores fuissent. 5. iSlullae controversiae inter 
 vos siiit. 6. Quod consilium melius fuisset ? 7. Sunto 
 supplicia gravia. 8. His praemiis non contentus 
 esses. 9. Non fuissemus amici talium hominum. 
 10. Sitis, amiel/ fortes. 11. ISlullum tempus melius 
 fuisset. 12. Simus semper amIcI libertatis. 
 
 LESSON XVII. 
 First Conjugation: Indicative Active. 
 
 Page 58. 
 
 47. VOCABULARY. VV 
 
 3.€irm.vii^txb, \^ I administer. praetor, oris, m., praeior. 
 
 conflrmo, 1, / establish, con- quare, interr. adv., why ? 
 
 firm. quinque, indecl.,^i;e. 
 
 impedimentum, I, n., hin- socius, ii, m., ally. 
 
 drance ; in pi., baggage. sublevo, 1, I relieve. 
 
 jam, adv., already. transport©, 1, I transport. 
 
 modo, Adv., just, jnst noiv. Veragri, orum, m. pi,, Vera- 
 
 Octodurus, i, m., Octodurus, gri. a Gallic tribe. 
 
 a city of the Veragri. verbum, i, u., word. 
 
 perturbs, I confuse^ throw vicus, i, m., village. 
 
 into confusion. 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
 48. 1. Transportavistis, transportabimus, transpor- 
 
 tabat. 2. Transportavit, traiisportamus, transpor- 
 taverant. 3. CoUocabit, collocabant, collocaverat. 
 4. Collocatis, cdilocabas, collocaveras. 5. Occupabis, 
 
 1 The vocative regularly stands after one or more words of 
 the sentence. 
 
22 First Conjugation : Indicative Active. 
 
 'J '■ 
 
 occupavistis^ occupaveritis. , 6. Paraverunt, paras, 
 parabamus. jr,^^ Pu^iaabitiSj mignavl, pugnaveriinus. 
 
 8. Latidabatis, laudavimus, laudavit. " ~ 
 
 49. 1. Caesar pliirimas naves jam paraverat. 2. Has 
 quinque legiones in eo loco collocabit. 3. Haec consi- 
 lia nondiim probavi. 4. Quis ista verba probabit ? 
 5. Quare pacem et amicitiam cum lils civitatibus non 
 conflrmavistis ? 6. Galli impedimenta sua celeriter 
 transportaverunt. 7. Praetores Roman! res sociorum 
 administraverunt. 8. Amicos auxilio sublevavimus. 
 
 9. Hae cohortes ordines hostiura facile perturbaverant. 
 
 10. Locus ubi legiones hiemabant fuit Octodurus, 
 vicus Veragrorum. 
 
 50. A Dangerous Wedding. 
 
 Sol ^ quondam uxorem ducere ^ volebat.^ Eanae ad 
 sidera clamorem tollunt."* Juppiter causam querelae 
 quaerit.^ " Nunc," inquiunt/ " unus sol omnes lacus 
 exurit ; ^ quid f aturum est, si liberos creabit ? 
 
 ;> 
 
 1 In the passages of continuous narrative, the pupil will con- 
 sult the General Vocabulary at the end of the book for words 
 that have not occurred in previous Lessons. 
 
 2 uxorem diicere : lit. to ^ tollunt : raise, 
 lead {i.e. take) a wife, and so, ^ quaerit : asks. 
 
 to marry. '^ inquiunt : they say. 
 
 3 volebat : loished. "> exurit: hums up, dries up. 
 
First Conjugation : Active Voice, 23 
 
 LESSON XVIII. 
 
 First Conjugation : Subjunctive, Imperative, 
 Infinitive, etc., Active Voice. 
 
 Page 59. 
 
 51. VOCABULARY. 
 
 a, ab, prep. w. abl.,/row. numquam, never. 
 
 ancora, ae, f., anchor. I'ogo, 1, I ask. 
 
 conserve,! 1, I keep. specto, \, Hook upon. 
 
 cupidus, a, um, fond. tamen, nevertheless, yet. 
 navis, is, f., ship, boat. 
 
 '' 52. 1. Laudaturus, laudans, laudent. 2. Lauda- 
 visse, laiidavissem, laudanto. 3. Laudaudo, laudaret, 
 laiida. 4. Spectemus, spectate, spectare, spectandi. 
 5. Spectatiirus esse, spectarent, spectet. \ 6. Dimi- 
 cando, dimicavisseut, diinicent. 7. Dimicate, dlmi- 
 cans, dimicavisse. 
 
 53. 1. Hoc beneficium a te numquam rogavissem. 
 2. Verba nostra probet. 3. Verba vestra probavissent. 
 4. Quis liunc hominem laudavisset ? 5. Milites hunc 
 collem occupare temptant. 6. Laudate lios omnes 
 milites. 7. Aliud oppidum nunc oppugnatiirl sumus. 
 8. Omnes Galli sunt cupidi pCignandl. 9. Pecuniam 
 quam paravimus conservemus. 10. Servate, cives, 
 
 1 Verbs of the First Conjugation are so regular that tlieir 
 Principal Parts are not given in full. They are indicated in 
 the Vocabularies by tlie figure 1, and, unless the contrary is 
 stated, their Principal Parts are regularly formed in -6, -are, 
 -avi, -atus, precisely like those of amo. 
 
24 First Coyijugation : Indicative Passive. 
 
 uxores et liberos vestros ! 11. Ancor^s naviiim paranto. 
 12. Milites, victoriam desperautes, tamen acriter dmii- 
 
 cabant. 
 
 LESSON XIX. 
 
 First Conjugation : Indicative Passive. 
 
 Page 60. 
 
 54. VOCABULARY. 
 
 a, ab, prep. w. abl., by. multitudo, inis, 1, mM7^iYr<de. 
 
 biduum, 1, n., tit^o days. nuntio, 1, 1 announce, report. 
 
 conspectus, us, m., view, pars, partis, f., |)ar^, s/de. 
 
 sight. postulo, 1, I demand. 
 
 exspecto, 1, I expect, await. reliquus, qua, quum, j'ewiam- 
 frustra, in vain. ing. 
 
 Ignis, is, m. , Jire. saepe, often. 
 
 litterae, arum, f. pi., a letter. sex, indecl., six. 
 
 mora, ae, f., delay. telum, i, n., javelin. 
 
 55. 1. Exspectabatur, exspectata est, exspectatae 
 eraiit. 2. Exspectatus erat, exspectati sunt, exspec- 
 tabuiitur. 3. Laudati estis, laudaberis, laudamini. 
 4. Snperati sumus, superaiitur, superabor. 5. Yulne- 
 ratur, vulneratiis sum, viilnerabamur. \ 6. Vocaris, 
 vocatus est, vocaberis. 7. Yocabamiiii, vocatns eras, 
 vocati estis. 8. Laudata erat, laudatae erimt, lauda- 
 bimini. 
 
 56. 1. Quis laudabatur? 2. Haec omnia oppida 
 oppugnabuntur. 3. Galli saepe superati ^ erant. 4. Hae 
 sex naves frustra parabantur. 5. Postero die multi 
 
 1 Observe that in the compound tenses of the passive, the 
 participle agrees in gender and number with its subject, pre- 
 cisely like an adjective. 
 
First Conjugation : Subjunctive Passive, 25 
 
 milites vulnerati sunt. ~ 6. Legiones nostrae in con- 
 spectii castroruni a miiltitudine hostium superatae 
 erant. 7. IVEora bidui postulatur. 8. Hae litterae 
 niintiis mandantur. 9. Quod oppidum expugnatum 
 est ? 10. Ordines peditum tells hostium jjerturbaban- 
 tur. 11. Quare perturbaris ? 12. Hi agri igni vas- 
 tati erant. 
 
 57. Old Roman Virtue. 
 
 Curius, homo singularis virtutis, ad focum sedebat,^ 
 cum legatl Samnitium magnum pondus auri ei affere- 
 bant.^ Sed Curius eos repudiavit. " Aurum," inquit,^ 
 nolo habere j ^ malo ^ els ^ imperare, qui habent.^ 
 
 LESSON XX. 
 
 First Conjugation: Subjunctive, Imperative, 
 Infinitive, etc.. Passive. 
 
 Page 61. 
 
 58. VOCABULARY. 
 
 discipllna. ae, f., discipline. onerarius, a, um, hurden- 
 
 majores, um, m. (lit. greater^ hearing ; naves ouerariae, 
 
 sc. natu, by birth) ^ ances- transports. 
 
 tors. opportunus, a, um, fit, op- 
 nibs, moris, m., custom. portune. 
 non, not. statim, at once., immediately. 
 
 vix, scarcely., with difficulty. 
 
 1 sedebat : loas sitting. ^ malo : I prefer. 
 
 - afferebant : brought. ^ eis : 187, II, a. 
 
 ^inquit: said he. '^ habent : have (it)., viz. 
 
 4 nolo habere : 1 do not gold. 
 wish to have. 
 
26 Review. 
 
 59. 1. Laudemur,laiidandus,laiidatusesse. 2. Collis 
 occupetur, collis occupatus esset^ occupari. 3. Porta 
 servetur, portae servatae essent, porta servata esset. 
 4. Servarl, servandus, servatiis. 5. Vocatus essem, 
 vocati essetis, vocata esset. 6. Vocentur, vocatus, 
 vocatus esse. 
 
 60. 1. Sine auxilio nostro facile superati essetis. 
 2, Onmes portae suat servandae. 3. Impetus hostiuni 
 tardandus est. 4. Haec oppida facilliine expugnata 
 essent. 5. Verba vestra non probata essent. 6. Dis- 
 ciplina et mores majorum nostrorum laudentur. 
 
 7. Maximus Humerus navium onerariarum statim 
 paretur. 8. Legiones in loco opportuno collocandae 
 sunt. 9. Sine vobis liaec castra vix expugnata essent. 
 
 LESSON XXI. 
 Eeview. 
 
 61. 1. Maxim ae classes summa diligentia parandae 
 sunt. 2. Haec victoria equitum nostrorum jam nun- 
 tiata erat. 3. Haec oppida oppugnata erant. 4. Ad- 
 ventus legatorum nuntiatur. 5. Terror animos omnium 
 mllitum occupaverat. 6. Has gentes, milites, jam 
 saepe superavistis. 7. Legiones proelio dimicabant. 
 
 8. Quis fuit dux liarum copiarum? 9. Prlncipes 
 cuj usque civitatis ad se vocat. 10. Quasdam portas 
 servabamus. 11. Conspectus liarum urbium nos om- 
 nes delectat. 12. Litteras tuas exspectabo. 13. Naves 
 onerariae parantur. 
 
Second Conjugation : Active Voice. 27 
 
 LESSON XXII, 
 Second Conjugation : Active Voice. 
 
 §103. 
 
 62. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 arbor, oris, f., tree. 
 
 augeo, ere, auxi. auctus, I 
 
 increase. 
 commeatus, us, m,, supplies. 
 compleo, ere, plevi, pletus. 
 
 I Jill lip. 
 debeo. debere, debui, de- 
 
 bitus, / owe ; with an infin- 
 itive, I ought. 
 habeo, ere, habui, habitus, 
 
 I have, possess, hold. 
 ignominia, ae, f., ignominy, 
 
 disgrace. 
 imperium, i (ii), n., rule, 
 
 sway. 
 
 jubeo, ere, jussi, jussus, 1 
 
 order. 
 maneo, ere, mansi, man- 
 
 siirus. / remain. 
 mare, is, n., sea. 
 moveo, ere, movi, motus, 
 
 I move. 
 opera, ae, f., assistance. 
 populus, 1, m., people. 
 potestas. atis, f., power. 
 prohibeo, ere, ui, itus, / 
 
 keep away, keep off, trans. 
 saxuiu, 1, n., rock. 
 ^video, ere, vidl, visus, I 
 
 see. 
 
 63. 1. Jussit, jubemus, jussisse. 2. Jusserat, 
 jubete, jubens. 3. Prohibiiit, prohibuistis, proliibe- 
 bit, prohibeamus. 4. Prohibeto, prohibencli, pro- 
 hibuissemus, prohibuisse. o. Habuimus, habuerat, 
 habebat, habuit. 6. Habe, habiturus esse, habeat 
 7. Habetis, habebuut, habuerint. 8. Vldisti, vldera- 
 mus, vidimus, vidernnt. 9. Videbo, vident, videbas. 
 
 64. 1. Debetis in hoc loco manere. ' 2. Signa 
 hostium pro illTs castris videramus. 3v' Hostes sine 
 anxilio vestro facile prohibuissemus. '4. Illas copias 
 
28 Second Conjugation : Passive Voice. 
 
 commeatii prohibeamus. 5. Sine opera vestra totum 
 mare in potestate nostra non liabuissemus. 6. Illas 
 fossas altas saxis et arboribus complebant. 7. Popu- 
 lus Romanus imperiuin suum magnopere aiixit. 8. Ig- 
 nominiam vitare debemus. 9. Castra ab hoc loco 
 moverat. 
 
 LESSON XXIII. 
 
 Second Conjugation: Passive Voice. 
 
 § 104. 
 
 65. VOCABULARY. - 
 
 barbarus, i, m., a harharian. subito, suddenly, 
 
 celeriter, quickly. susplcio, onis, f., suspicion. 
 
 commoveo, ere, movi, mo- sustinco, ere, uT, / with- 
 
 tns, I stir up. stand. 
 
 contumelia, ae, f., insult. timeo, ere, ui, I fear. 
 
 nihil, indecl. , nothing. videor, eri, visus sum, pass. 
 
 peditatus, us, m., infantry. of video, I am seen, I seem, 
 
 perterreo, ere, uT, itus, I appear. 
 
 terrify. 
 
 66. 1. Visus est, visae erant, visl sunt. 2. Timere 
 videntur, timere videbatur, timere visa est. 3. Pro- 
 liibebamur, prohibit! sunms, prohibita erat„ 4. Pro- 
 hibeantur,prohiberi,prohibendus. 5. Juberi, jubeatur, 
 jussus esset, jnssus esse. 6. Jubebatur, jubebimiir, 
 jussi snmiis. 7. Perterritae erant, perterrebaris, per- 
 terrebimini, perterreri. 
 
 >^_67> 1. Suspiciones vestrae auctae sunt. 2. Milites 
 nostri fossas hostium complevisse videntur. 3. Haec 
 castra subito mota erant. 4. Impetus barbarorum 
 
Third Conjugation : Active Voice. 29 
 
 fortiter sustinebitur. 5. Galll sunt prohibendi. 
 6. Hae fossae celeriter completae essent. 7. In eo 
 loco manere jussi erainus. 8. Nihil est timendiim. 
 9. Visi sunt magnopere perterreri. 10. Hi equites 
 multitudine peditatiis perterriti erant. 11. Omnes 
 homines his contumelils commotl sunt. 
 
 68. The Death of Epamixondas. 
 
 Epaminondas Lacedaemonios apiid Mantineam 
 vicit/ sed ipse hasta vulneratus est. Primuin rogavit 
 num. clipeus esset^ salviis. Amici responderunt, " Sal- 
 vus est." Deinde rogavit num hostes fusi essent.^ 
 Ubi hoc audivit,'* jussit hastam evelli^ qua trans- 
 fixus® erat, atque laetus in victoria mortuus est/ 
 
 LESSON XXIV. 
 Third Conjugation: Active Voice, 
 
 §105. 
 
 69. VOCABULARY. 
 
 ad, prep. w. ace, near. contends, ere, tendi, ten- 
 
 constituo, ere, ui, utus, / turn. / hurry, hasten.^ 
 
 decide^ determine. creber, bra, brum, numer- 
 
 ous. 
 
 1 vicit : conquered^ loas victorious over. 
 
 2 esset : was. 
 
 3 fusi essent : had been routed. 
 
 * audivit : heard. ^ evelli: to he pulled out. 
 
 6 transfixus erat : had been pierced. 
 
 ■^ mortuus est : he expired. ^ Page 83, footnote 1. 
 
30 
 
 Third Conjugation: Active Voice. 
 
 custodia, ae, f., guard. 
 defendo, ere, fendi, fensus, 
 
 I defend. 
 dispone, ere, posui, positus, 
 
 / distribute. 
 gero, ere, gessi, gestus, / 
 
 wage. 
 in, prep. w. ace, into. 
 instruo, ere, struxi, struc- 
 
 tus, / draw up. 
 niedius, a, um, middle, the 
 
 middle of. 
 mitto, ere, misi, missus, I 
 
 send. 
 
 munitio, onis, f., fortifica- 
 tion. 
 
 planities, ei, i..^ plain. 
 
 post, prep. w. ace, he- 
 hind. 
 
 praesidium, i (ii), n., garri- 
 son., guard. 
 
 relinquo, ere, liqui, lictus, 
 / leave, leave behind. 
 
 vigilia, ae, f., watch (of the 
 night); guard. 
 
 vinoo, ere, vici, victus, / 
 conquer. 
 
 70. 1. Relinquemus, reliquimus, rellquisse. 2. Vin- 
 cebamus, vicisse, vincendo. 3. Vicimus, vicerant, 
 vicissem. 4. Defendatj defendere, defendite. 5. De- 
 fenduut, defendent, defenderunt. 6. Instrtixerat, 
 instruunt, instruebat, instruens. 7. Instruendi, in- 
 striixisse, mstrues. 8. MisistI, mittat, mitte, misisse, 
 mittendi. 
 
 i 71^^. Praesidium in hoc loco relinquemus. 2. Cae- 
 sar duas legiones in Hispaniam misit. 3. Castra 
 defendere constituerat. 4. Bellum in Gallia geretis. 
 5. Urbem custodiis nostris defendamus. 6. Qais has 
 litteras mittet? 7. Omnes naves ad oras hujus insu- 
 lae reliquisse videtur. 8. Aciem longani in media 
 planitie instruximus. 9. Crebras vigilias post milni- 
 tiones disposuerat. 10. Omnes copias hostium facile 
 vicissemus. 11. In Galliam magnis itineribus con- 
 tendit. 
 
Third Conjugation : Passive Voice. 
 
 31 
 
 LESSON XXV. 
 
 Third Conjugation: Passive Voice. 
 
 §106. 
 
 72. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ^ 
 
 arcesso, ere, ivi, itus, I sum- 
 mon. 
 
 ceteri, ae, a, the other, the 
 rest of. 
 
 cogo, ere, coegi, coactus, 
 I force, compel. 
 
 consume, ere, sumpsi, 
 sumptus, / use up, con- 
 sume. 
 
 contra, prep. w. ace, against. 
 
 duco, ere, duxi, ductus, I 
 lead. 
 
 e, ex, prep. w. abl., out of, 
 
 from ; e is not used before 
 
 vowels or h. 
 educo, ere, duxi, ductus, 
 
 I lead forth. 
 hic, here. 
 instruo, ere, struxi, struc- 
 
 tus, I Jit out. 
 reduce, ere, duxi, ductus, 
 
 lead hack. 
 silva. ae, i., forest. 
 
 73. 1. Belluni geretur, bellum geratur, belluni 
 gestiim est, belluni gestum esset. 2. Bella gesta sunt, 
 bella gerebantur, bella geruntur. 3. Victus est, vinci, 
 victus esse, victus. 4. Vincendus, victi sunt, vincun- 
 tur, vincebatur. 5. Missi sumus, mittetur, mittitur. 
 6. Mitti, missus esset, missa erat. 
 
 74. 1. Ceteri obsides ad nos missi erant. 2. Ab V 
 omnibus amicis nostiis defendemur. 3. Hae legiones 
 ad altera castra reductae sunt. 4. Praesidium hic 
 relictum est. 5. Tu manere coactus esses. 6. Multa 
 bella gereiitur. 7. Duae cohortes contra hostes mitte- 
 bantur. 8. Hae naves omnibus rebus instructae erant. 
 
 9. Onine tempus consumptum est. 10. Legiones e 
 
32 Fourth Conjugation : Active Voice. 
 
 castris educantur. 11. Socii nostri arcessi clebent. 
 12. Agmen longum per silvas ductum erat. 
 
 75. 
 
 How THE Day was Saved. 
 
 Ees^ in angusto^ fuit. Caesar, qui perlculum vidit, 
 ipse ad legionem decurrit. In primam aciem procedit ; 
 scutum uni ex militibus'"^ detrahit. Centuriones nomi- 
 natira appellans, proelium redintegrat. Turn milites 
 audacius ptignant ; impetus hostium tardatur ; magnus 
 numerus eorum cadit atque reliqul^ pelluntur. 
 
 76. 
 
 LESSON XXVI. 
 Fourth CoxjuGATioisr : Active Voice. 
 
 §107. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 "^ audio, ire, ivi, itus, / heai\ '=?nuni6, ire, ivi (ii), itus, 1 
 
 hear of. 
 causa, ae, f., cause. 
 comperio, ire, peri, pertus, 
 
 I find out. 
 convenio, ire, veni, ventum, 
 
 come together^ assemble. 
 eodem, to the same place. 
 fama, ae, f. , report. 
 impedio, ire, ivi (ii), itus, / 
 
 impede., hinder. 
 
 fortify. 
 occasio, onis, f., occasion, 
 
 opportunity. 
 postea, afterwards. 
 reperio, ire, repperi, reper- 
 
 tus, / discover., find. 
 uniquam, ever. 
 undique, from all parts or 
 
 sides. 
 venio, ire, veni, ventum, / 
 
 come. 
 
 1 res : the situation. ^ uni ex militibus : from 
 
 2 in angusto : lit. in a nar- one (lit. to one) of the soldiers, 
 row (place)., i.e. critical. * reliqui: the rest. 
 
Fourth Conjugation : Passive Voice. 33 
 
 77. 1. Venire, veniendi, venissem. 2. Venietis, 
 venerimt, veniebat. 3. Veniamus, venite, veneras. 
 4. Muniebatis, munivit, numivisse. 5. Mtinitiirus 
 esse, muniens, muniendo. 6. Convenimus, convene- 
 ratis, convenitis, convenient. 7. Convenisse, convene- 
 runt, convenimus, convenlte. 8. Comperit, compererat, 
 comperistis. 9. Comperiet, comperiebant. 
 
 --^J^. 1. Ilium collem muniebamus. 2. In eum lo- 
 cum convenerunt. 3. Munite, milites, banc urbem ! 
 4. Hostes iter exercitus nostri impediverunt. 5. Ger- 
 man! undique e silvis convenerant. 6. Famam illlus 
 proell audivimus. 7. Has res postea comperi. 8. Nos 
 omnes eodem conveniamus ! 9. Talem occasionem 
 non facile repperissemus, 10. Quis umquam tales 
 causas morae audivit ? 11. Ceteras legiones, quae 
 nondum convenerant, exspectabamus. 
 
 LESSON XXVII. 
 
 Fourth Conjugation: Passive Voice. 
 
 § 108. 
 
 79. VOCABULARY. 
 
 aqua, ae, f., water. paene, almost, nearly. 
 
 circumvenio, ire, veni, ven- procurro, ere, cucurri. cur- 
 
 tus, I surround. sum. I run forward. 
 
 extra, prep. w. ace, outside., temere, rashly. 
 
 ■beyond. vox, vocis, f., voice, word, 
 
 invenio. Ire, veni, ventus, / exclamation. 
 
 find. 
 
34 Fourth Conjugation : Passive Voice. 
 
 80. 1. Eepertns esse, reperiatur, reperta est. 2. Ee- 
 perietur, reperti sunt, reperitur. 3. Urbs munietur, 
 urbs mimita erat, urbs munitur. 4. Urbes munie- 
 bantur, urbes mimitae sunt, urbes muniantur. ' 5. Cir- 
 cumvenimur, circumventus est, circumventus esset. 
 6. Circumventus esse, circumveniatur, circumventus, 
 circumveniendus. 
 
 81. 1. A multitucline hostium circumvent! sumus. 
 
 2. Hi captTvi duabus coliortibus circumvenientur. 
 
 3. Nihil repertum est. 4. Nulla alia vox audietur. 
 5. Castra majora munienda sunt. 6. Aqua sub his 
 saxis inventa est. 7. Magna copia frumentl in his 
 regionibus inveniri debet. 8. Una cohors, quae tern ere 
 extra aciem procucurrerat, paene circumventa est. 
 9. Difficilibus locis impediebantur. 10. Haec urbs 
 statim muniatur. 
 
 82. HORATIUS AT THE BrIDGE. 
 
 Horatius Codes erat vir Eomanus fortissimus. 
 Etrusci olim Eomam capere ^ temptabant ; sed ille ex- 
 tremam partem pontis occupavit, quern Etrusci oppug- 
 nabant, atque solus totum hostium agmen sustinuit. 
 Audacter pugnavit donee ab alils Eomanis pons a tergo^ 
 rescissus est.^ Turn armatus se in Tiberim misit, 
 atque incolumis ad Sues'* transnavit. Civitas erga 
 
 ^ capere : to capture. 
 
 2 a tergo : from behind. 
 
 3 rescissus est : from rescindo. 
 
 * ad sues : lit, to his own, i.e. to his friends. 
 
Verbs in -io of the Tldrd Conjugation. 35 
 
 tantam virtiitem grata fuit; ei tantuin^ agvl public! 
 datum est, quantum^ iino die circumaraie potuit.^ 
 Statua quoque el* in Comitio posita est.^ 
 
 LESSON XXVIII. 
 
 Verbs in -io of the Third Conjugation. 
 
 §§ 109-111. 
 
 83. VOCABULARY. 
 
 accipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, interficio, ere, feci, fectus, 
 
 / receive. I Idll. 
 
 capio, ere, cepi, captus, / pons, pontis, m., bridge. 
 
 take, capture. recipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, 
 
 diripio, ere, ripui, reptus, / take back ; with reflexive 
 
 I plunder. se, to retreat. 
 
 facio, ere, feci, factus, / scvitum, i, n., shield. 
 
 make, do. suscipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, 
 
 fugio, ere, fugi, fugiturus, / I undertake. 
 
 Jlee, escape from. unde, whence. 
 
 84. 1. Suscepisse, suscipiendi, suscipi. 2. Fiigitis, 
 fugiant, fugisseut. 3. Fugite, fugistis, fugit. 4. In- 
 terfectus est, interficiendus, interfecisse. 5. Inter- 
 fecerunt, interficientur, interfecta erat. 6. Accipi, 
 accipiens, accipiendo. 7. Accipiantur, accipis, acci- 
 pietis. 8. Diripuisse, diripit, diripuerit. 9. Fecerunt, 
 feceras, facietis. 
 
 1 tantum : as much. ^ potuit : he was able. 
 
 2 quantum : as. * ei : to him, in his honor. 
 
 ^ posita est : from pond. 
 
 \ 
 
36 I De foment Verbs. 
 
 / 85. 1. Ad montem, uncle modo venerant, se recepe- 
 runt. 2. Galli omnes captivos magnis suppliciis interfi- 
 ciimt. 3. Uxor Ariovisti a Caesare capta est. 4. Om- 
 nia haec oppida direpta essent. 5. Pontem in Rheno^ 
 faciamus ! 6. LegatI hiljus regis a nobis accept! sunt. 
 7. M andat a tua accepimus. 8. Ex his periculls fugie- 
 mus. 9. Ex hoc oppido magnum numerum scutorum 
 et telorum dlripuimus. 10. Nova officia nunc suscipi- 
 mus. 11. Hic homo interfici debet. 
 
 LESSON XXIX. 
 
 Deponent Verbs. 
 
 §§ 112-114, 1. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Aprilis, e, of April. nemo, c. (§57, 3), no one. 
 
 audeo, ere, ausus sum ; moror, ari, moratus sum, 
 
 semi-dep., I dare. I tarry, delay. 
 
 coUoquor, i, locutus sum, / paulum, a little. 
 
 confer. per, prep. w. ace, through, 
 
 Conor, ari, atus sum, 7 en- during. 
 
 deavor, attempt. post, prep, w, ace, after. 
 
 egredior, gredi, gressus proficiscor, i, profectus 
 
 sum, / march out. sum, / set out. 
 
 fines, ium,m. i>\., boundaries, queror, i, questus sum, / 
 
 territory (pi. of finis, end), _,^complain. 
 Helvetii, orum, m., Hel- /^ lesisto, ere. restiti, I resist. 
 
 vetii, a Gallic tribe. L (§ 187, II, «)• 
 
 mensis, is, m., month. reverter, i, I return. 
 
 1 The Romans speak of making a bridge ' in a river,' where 
 we say • over a river.' 
 
Deponent Verbs. 37 
 
 87. 1. Moremur, moramur, morabimiir. 2. Morata 
 est, morata esset, morans. 3. Moratus esse, moratus, 
 morando. 4. Collociltl siimus, colloquimur, colloquan- 
 tur. 5. Proficiscere, proficiscatur, profecti essent. 
 6. Profectus, proficiscebatur, proficiscere. ' 7. Reverti- 
 mini, revertentur, revertebamur. 8. Audetis, ausus 
 est, audebimus. 
 
 88. 1. Huiic colleni natura munitum defendere 
 conabimur. 2. Helvetii e suTs finibus egress! sunt. 
 3. Nemo ausus est proficisci. 4. Has litteras mittere 
 nondum conati sumus. 5. Quis resistere audebit? 
 6. Copiae paulum morabuntur. 7. lu banc urbem 
 celeriter revertemur. 8. Per mensem Aprilem in hac 
 provincia morabatur. 9. Post quinque dies proficisce- 
 tur. 10. IsTatura loci exercitum morata est. 11. Se- 
 quani de injuriis Germanorum queruntur. 
 
 89. How CoRvixus Wox His Name. 
 
 Exercitus Romanus adversus Gallos profectus erat, 
 cum^ quidam ex- Gallis tinum ex^ Pomanis provocavit. 
 Tum Marcus Valerius se obtulit^ et processit armatus 
 in pugnam. Corvus super ejus dextrum bracchium 
 sedit, et alls atque unguibus oculos Galll verberabat. 
 Sic siiperavit Valerius et a corvo nomen Corvlnum 
 accepit. 
 
 1 cum : xijhen. 
 
 2 ex : of. 
 
 3 se obtulit : presented himself. 
 
38 The Periph7'astic Conjugations. 
 
 LESSON XXX. 
 
 The Periphrastic Conjugations. 
 
 § 115. 
 
 90. VOCABULARY. 
 
 aedificium, i (ii), n., build- institutum, i, n., institution. 
 
 ing. modus. T, m., manner, way. 
 
 atque, and, and also. regnum, i, n., regal power, 
 dico, ere, dixi, dictus, I say, kingdom. 
 
 tell. subsidium, i (ii), n., assist- 
 effugio, ere, fugi, fugiturus, ance. 
 
 I escape. trado, ere, tradidi, traditus, 
 incipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, I I hand over. 
 
 begin. 
 
 9L 1. Dicturus est, dicturl sunt, dicturus erat. 
 2. Dictura erat, dictiiri fuerunt, dicturl estis. 3. Pro- 
 fecturus fuT, profectiiri eramus, profectura est. 
 
 4. Tradendus est, tradendi sunt, tradenda est. 
 
 5. Traditurus es, traditurus fuisti, traditurl fuerunt. 
 
 6. Sequendus est, sequendi sunt, ' sequendus es. 
 
 7. Secuturus est, secutura fuit, secuturi eramus. 
 
 92. lo Hoc dicturl eramus. 2. Milites nostri hoc 
 oppidum oppugnaturi erant. 3. Ea profectura fuit. 
 4. Haec castra defendenda sunt. 5. Pax cum alils 
 civitatibus confirmanda est. G. Libertas nostra de- 
 fendenda est. 7. Bellum gesturus fuit. 8. Sese 
 traditurl fuerunt. 9. Hoc regnum atque haec insti- 
 tuta defensuri sumus. 10. Haec nova aediiicia incipi- 
 enda sunt. 11. Sociis nostrls subsidium missilri 
 fuimus. 12. Aliqui modus effugiendi iiiveniendus est. 
 
Irregular Verbs : Possum, Do. 
 
 39 
 
 LESSON XXXI. 
 
 Review. 
 
 93. 1. Hae civitates in amicitia Belgarum man- 
 serant. 2. Signa militaria vidimus. 3. Quis eos 
 timebit ? 4. Del hostes prohibeant 5. Equites nos- 
 tri illud oppidum expugnavisse videntur. 6. Milites 
 in castrTs continebuntiir. 7. Partem auxiliorum rell- 
 querat. 8. Has provincias fortiter defendemus. 9. Legi- 
 ones in castra reduxerat. 10. Has naves relinquere 
 coguntur. 11. Legatl totlus Galliae undiqne con- 
 veniimt. 12. Plurimi nuntil venerunt. 13. Equitatus 
 noster agmen hostium impediet. 14. Magna copia 
 frumenti in his regionibus inventa est. 
 
 V 
 
 \- 
 
 LESSON XXXII. 
 
 Irregular Verbs : Compounds of Sum; Possum; Do. 
 
 §§ 124-127. 
 
 94. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 absum, esse, afuT, afuturus, 
 I am absent^ distant. 
 
 ac (atque) , and., and also ; 
 acis not used before vowels. 
 
 adsum, adesse, adfui, I. am 
 present, at hand. 
 
 adversarius, ii, m., adver- 
 sary. 
 
 Africa, ae, f., Africa. 
 
 amplus, a, um, ample. 
 
 certus, a, um, sure. 
 
 desum, deesse, defuT. defu- 
 turus, I am wanting^ I fail. 
 
 facultas, tatis, f., siipply ; pi. 
 riches. 
 
 fiducia, ae, f., confidence. 
 
 hiberna, orum, n. pi, vjinter 
 quarters. 
 
 longe, far. 
 
 pauci, ae, a, feiv; used only 
 in plural. 
 
 possessio, onis, f., posses- 
 sion. 
 
 praesum, esse, fui. I am in 
 chqrge of. 
 
 Romulus, 1, m., Bomulus. 
 
40 Irregular Verbs : Possum, Do. 
 
 95. 1. Afui, aberunt, afuturus, absens. 2. Aderant, 
 adero, adfuisti. 3. PotuT, posse, poterat. 4. Potero, 
 potuero, poterunt, potueriiit, potueruiit. 5. Potnisse, 
 potiiissem, possit. 6. Possunt, potuit, potuerat. 7. De- 
 derit, dent, dedissent. 8. Dabat, dedisse, dandl. 
 9. Dedit, dabunt, dederunt, dedistis. 10. Praefuisse, 
 praefuissent, praefuit. 
 
 96. 1. Magna peciinia tibi jam data erat. 2. Fidu- 
 cia nobis defuit. 3. Adversaril tin aderant. 4. Quare 
 hiberna els legionibus defuerunt ? 5. Quis mihi am> 
 plas facultates dabit ? 6. Italia ab Africa longe abest. 
 7. Quid aliud facere possumus ? 8. Principem hiijus 
 legationis audire non potuimus. 9. Possessionem 
 hujus agri dedisti. 10. Romulus populo Pomano 
 mores ac leges dederat. 11. Date nobis certain 
 spem ! 12. Adesse non potero. 
 
 97. The Lamb and the Wolf. 
 
 Agnus et lupus ad eundem rivum venerant. Lupus 
 stabat superior, et longe inferior agnus. Tum lupus, 
 " Cur " inquit " turbulentam ^ milii fecisti aquam ? " At 
 agnus,^ "QuI^ possum id facere? Aqua a te ad me 
 decurrit." Sic repulsus lupus, " Ante sex menses," in- 
 quit "maledixisti milii." Respondit agnus, "Ego non- 
 dum natus eram." Lupus, " Certe pater tuus " inquit 
 " mihi maledixit," itaque agnum laceravit. 
 
 1 cur turbulentam fecisti aquam : why have yoii made the 
 water muddy f 
 
 2 agnus : i. e. the lamb said. ^ q^i . jf^g^^ f 
 
Irregular Verbs : Fero and Compounds. 41 
 
 LESSO:Nr XXXIIL 
 
 Irregular Verbs : Fero axd its Compounds 
 
 §129:" 
 
 98. VOCABULARY. 
 
 affero, ferre, attulT, allatus, labor, oris, m., labor, exer- 
 
 I bring. tion. 
 
 calamitas, tatis, f., c«?«?u%. perfero, ferre, tuli, latus, / 
 confero, ferre, tulT, coUatus, endure. 
 
 I bring together; se con- •pxbtin.vis, forthwith, straight- 
 
 ferre, to betake oneself. v:ay. 
 
 de, prep. w. abl., concerning ; refero, ferre, rettuli, relatus, 
 
 o/, from. I bring back, return. 
 
 dolor, oris, m., grief. tot, indecl., so many. 
 
 interea, in the meanwhile. tumultus, us, m., uprising. 
 
 99. 1. RettulT, relatus, rettulisse. 2. Feramus, 
 feremus, ferunt, ferent. 3. Tulerunt, ferenclT, laturns. 
 4. Tulisse, ferens, ferebat. 5. Affertur, afferetur, 
 allatus est. 6. Referebatur, referrl, relatus esse. 
 7. Referens, referendo, relatiirus. 8. Contuleram, 
 contulissemus, contulisse. 9. ConferrT, collatus, con- 
 ferencli. 
 
 100. 1. Signa protinus relata sunt. 2. Helvetii se 
 ad montem contulerunt. 3. Vobis subsidium feremus. 
 4. Quis haec supplicia perferre poterit ? 5. Hic 
 nuntius famam de tumultil attulit. 6. Interea has tot 
 calamitates perferebamus. 7. Sine liac spe hos labores 
 numquam pertulissem. 8. Magna copia frumenti 
 allata erat. 9. Adventus repentinus Caesaris novas 
 
42 Irregular Verbs : Volo, Nolo, Malo, Flo. 
 
 spes militibus affert. 10. Haec impedimenta refere- 
 bantur. 11. Hos dolores perferre non potuissem. 
 
 LESSON XXXIV. 
 Irregular Verbs : Volo, Nol5, Malo, Fio. 
 
 §§130; 131. 
 
 101. VOCABULARY. 
 
 adorior, iri, dttus sum, / fio, fieri, factus sum, 6e do ?«e, 
 
 attack. occur; become. 
 
 oertior, comp. of certus ; funditor, oris, m., sZiMgrer. 
 
 more certain; oertior fieri, lapis, idis, m., stone. 
 
 to he informed. maritimus, a, um, of the sea, 
 creber, bra, brum, frequent. maritime. 
 
 credo, ere, didi, ditum, / ob, prep. w. ace, on account 
 
 believe. of. 
 
 defectio, onis, f., revolt. recens, entis, recent. 
 
 discedo, ere, cessi, cessu- timor, oris, m.,/ear. 
 
 rus, / depart, withdraw. vallum, i, n., intrenchment. 
 
 dissensio, onis, f., disagree- volo, velle, volui, / ivish, 
 
 ment. am willing. 
 
 fere, generally. > 
 
 102. 1. Mavis, maluisse, mavult. 2. Malit, malet, 
 maluit. 3. Maluerant, malebat, malumus. 4. Volue- 
 ram, voluissetis, voluit. 5. Voliiistis, voluisse, volunt. 
 6. Volent, voliieramus, voletis. 7. Noluisse, noliiit, 
 nolunt. 8. Nolet, non vult, noluerant. 9. Nolnmus, 
 nolebat, noluistl. |10. Fit, f actus est, factum erat. 
 11. Fiat, factus, factus esse. 
 
 J103. 1. Discedere maluerat. 2. Caesar de lils re- 
 bus certior factus erat. 3. Nemo hic manere maluit. 
 
Irregular Verbs : Volo, Nolo, Malo, Flo. 43 
 
 4. Recentes victorias laudare volumus. 5. Quid ma- 
 luisses ? 6. Ob has causas crebrae dissensiones fle- 
 bant. 7. Ob timores hoc vallum adorlri noluerunt. 
 8. Ab ora maritima discedere volebat. 9. Galli in 
 llbertate manere malunt. 10. Homines id quod vo- 
 lunt fere credunt. 11. Nos de defections Gallorum 
 certiores fact! sumus. 12. Funditores lapides volebant. 
 
 104. The Philosopher and the King. 
 
 Philosophus a rege talentum petiit. Rex respondit, 
 ''Talentum est plus quam^ quod" philosophus petere 
 debet." Tunc denarium petiit, cum rex respondit, 
 "Denarius est minus quam quod rex dare debet." 
 
 The Fox and the Grapes. 
 
 Vulpes fame coacta ^ tivam in alta vinea pendentem ^ 
 appetebat, summis viribus saliens. Ut^ tangere non 
 potuit, discessit. " ISTondum," inquit, " matura est ; nolo 
 acerbam ^ sumere." 
 
 1 quam : than. ^ quod : what. 
 
 3 fame coacta : forced by hunger. 
 * pendentem : hanging. ^ ut : «s, when. 
 
 6 acerbam : limiting earn understood referring to uvam ; 
 translate : lohen sour. 
 
44 E6 and Compounds; Defective Verbs, 
 
 LESSON XXXV. 
 
 Irregular Verbs : E6 and Compounds ; Defective 
 
 Verbs. 
 
 §§ 132 ; 133. 
 
 105?^ VOCABULARY. 
 
 adeo, ire, ii, iturus, / ap- initium, T (ii), n., beginning. 
 
 proach. "^"^»fe.--*^intere6, ire, ii, iturus, / 
 
 circiter, about. perish. 
 
 circunieo, ire, ii, itua, I go '"pereo, ire, ii, iturus, I perish. 
 
 around., surround, j x redeo, ire, ii, itiirus, 7 reii^ni, 
 
 clam, secretly. j ^ go hack. 
 
 flumen, inis, n., riv^r. transeo, ire, ii, itus, I cross., 
 
 hiic, hither. ' cross over. 
 
 ibi, there., in that place. trecenti, ae, a, three hundred. 
 
 ineo, ire, ii, itus, I enter turn, then, at that time. 
 
 upon; consilium inire, vadum, i, n., fo7'd^ shallow 
 
 to form a plan. water. 
 
 fi-lOG. 1. Interiisse, interiens, interiturus. 2. Interiit, 
 interierat, interire. 3. Transibamus, transiit, transi- 
 bunt. 4. Transibimus, transiimus, transeimt. 5. Adi- 
 mus, adibant, adii, adiisse. 6. Aditunis esse, adiit, 
 adierant, adiissem. 7. Kedibitis, redierunt, redibas. 
 8. RedienSj redieratis, redibimt, redltis. 9. Odisse, 
 meminisse, odit, meminit. 
 
 . 1^1.' 1. Hoc flumen clam transiimus. 2. Circiter 
 trecenti pedites redierunt. 3. Khenus flumen in hoc 
 loco vado transitur. 4. Vallum adire vix coeperant. 
 5. Haec castra circumiit. 6. Consilium melius inea- 
 mus. 7. Omnes injurias meministi quas f rater tuus 
 
Impersonal Ver^bs. 
 
 45 
 
 pertulit. 8. Duo mlllia equitum ibi perierunt 
 9. Hue redeat. 10. Ex hac provincia in urbem 
 redierat. 11. Qiiar&- initium transeundi turn fecisti ? 
 
 LESSON XXXVI. 
 
 />i-l^«^-^ * 
 
 Impersonal Verbs. — Questions and Answers 
 
 
 
 108. 
 
 abeo, ire, ii, iturus, / 
 
 av-ay. 
 accido, ere, idi, happen. 
 advenio, ire. veni, ventum, 
 
 / arrive. 
 concurro, ere, i, cursum, 
 
 run together. 
 incommodum, i, n., disaster. 
 licet, impers., it is permitted. 
 
 §§138; 162, 1,2, 5 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 go 
 
 nrr 
 
 ^Q- 
 
 n 
 
 oportuit, it 
 
 oportet, ere, 
 
 behooves. 
 per, prep. w. ace, through, 
 
 by. 
 perfuga. ae. m., deserter. 
 pervenio, ire, veni, ventum. 
 
 / come, arrive. 
 quando, interrog., ichen ? 
 quo. interr., whither? 
 
 neglego, ere, lexi , lectus, / _^crib6, ere, scripai, scrip- 
 neglect. tus, / lurite. 
 
 109. 1. Licuit, licebat, licebit. 2. Oportebat, opor- 
 tuit, acciderat. 3. Verendum est, verendum erat.- 
 4 
 
 K 110. 
 
 ' perventum erat 
 
 X 
 
 Convenieirdriin'est, con ventum est, adventum _er|tt^' 
 
 Quis ibi raansit ? 2. AdeuHdnm est. 3. Eo 
 4. Statim dimicatum est. 5. Un- 
 dique ad munitiones concurritur. 6. Nonne ve^ tera 
 incommoda meministi ? Bene meminl. 7. Quo 
 abierunt ? 8. Hasne litteras 
 sci'ipsissem. 9. Ubi eras ? 10. 
 dibitis ? 11. Quid dixisses ? 
 
 scripsisses 
 
 Non 
 
 Quando ad nos re- 
 12. Num oflficium 
 
 negleges ? 
 
 Non nesrlesam. 
 
Revieiv. 
 
 111. 1. Are you neglecting your duties ? 2.' Is it 
 permitted to write a letter lier^ ? 3. Who fears dis- 
 asters now ? No one. 4. What rewards did you give 
 to these b^ave soldiers? 5. Will you not go to the 
 city ? Certainly. Wijl-you ^ ? 6. When will the sur- 
 render occur? T.r^ou haven't weapons, have ;^ou ? 
 No. 8. Have you defended the gates of this town ? 
 Yes. 9. DciYou remember my favors ? 
 
 o 
 
 LESSON XXXVII. 
 
 / " ' "' i,..^ wv.^- 
 
 Review. 
 
 112. 1. Caesar eo rediit, uhde profectus erat. 
 2. Hostes initium transeundl faciunt. 3. Equites, 
 qui Rhenum transierant, nondum redierant. 4. Hostes 
 dextrum cornu circumire conantur. 5. D6 his rebiis \/' 
 per perfugas certior factus est. 6. Quare socios nos- 
 tros semper vexare , vultis ? 7. Ob eam rem crebra 
 proelia fiebant. ^Exlcastris Gallorum fit repentlna 
 fuga7^/9. Helvetii impedimenta in unum locum contu- 
 leruii^ 10. Hic nuntius condiciones pacis affert. 
 11. Ignominiam ferre non possumus. 12. Multas 
 calamitates pertulimus. 13. Equites et naves et fru- 
 mentum Bomanis deerant. 
 
 1 The verb must be expressed. 
 
SYNTAX. 
 
 -0-0>^ OO- 
 
 THE CASES. 
 
 LESSON XXXVIII. 
 
 Accusative of Direct Object. — Two Accusatives: 
 Direct Object axd Predicate Accusative. 
 
 113. 
 
 §§172; 173; 177, 1,2,3. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ad, prep. w. ace, for (denot- 
 ing purpose). 
 appello, 1, I name ^ call. 
 audax, acis, courageous. 
 certiorem facere, to inform., 
 
 Galba, ae, m., Galba, a man's 
 
 name. 
 Geneva, ae, f., Geneva^ a 
 
 town of the Allobroges. 
 idoneus, a. um, suitable. 
 
 lit. to make more certain. \s. judico, 1, Ijudye, adjudge. 
 
 Cicero, onis, m. , Cicero, the 
 
 Roman orator. '' [choose. 
 
 deligo, ere, legi, lectus, / 
 
 efficio, ere, feci, fectus, / 
 
 mah^jender.h 
 
 Kalendae, arum, f. pi., the 
 Kalends, first day of the 
 month. 
 
 orator, oris, m., orator. 
 
 ,/|^14. 1. Helvetii hoc oppidiim Genevam appella- 
 verinit. 2. Virtus imperatoris milites fortiores effecit. 
 3. Galba dux factus erat. 4. Te de adventu equitum 
 certiorem feceram. 5. Hunc collem ad mimieudum 
 idoneum judicavit. 6. Quis homo dux delectus est ? 
 
 47 
 
48 Accusative of Direct Object. 
 
 7. Ilium virum, qui fortissimus erat, ducem delegimus. 
 
 8. Ciceronem, oratoreni optimum, consulem fecimus. 
 
 9. Roman! primum diem cujusque mensis Kalendas 
 apnel'i.averunt. 
 
 115, 1. The troops adjudged Galba the victor. 
 2. Cicero was chosen consul. 3. He immediately in- 
 formed the senate of these plots. 4. G-alba had been 
 made coinmander by the soldiers. 5. Marcus will be 
 called noble and courageous^^ 6. He would have shown 
 himself a powerful adversary. 7. Marcus judged this 
 victory a great calamity: 8. Caesar adjudged the^ 
 Belgians the bravest of all the d-auls. 9. Time and 
 place often make men bold. 10. We shall choose you 
 praetor, 
 
 116. Incorruptible. 
 
 Legatus quidam a rege Persarum magnum pondus 
 aurl f erens Thebas ^ venit, ut Epaminondam pectinia 
 corrumperet.^ Is autem ^ aurum accipere noluit. " Ni- 
 hil enim," inquit, " opus pecunia est.^ Nam si rex ea 
 vult quae Thebanis sunt utilia, sine pecunia faciam; 
 sin contraria vult, non satis aurl et argentl^ habet." 
 
 1 Thebas : to Thebes. 
 
 2 ut corrumperet : in order that he might bribe, in order to 
 bribe. 
 
 3 Is autem: but he; autem regularly stands second in the 
 Latin sentence. 
 
 * nihil opus pecunia est : there is no need of money. 
 
 '^ satis auri et argent! : lit. enough of gold and silver, i.e. 
 enough gold and silver. 
 
Tivo Accusatives: Person and TJung. 49 
 
 LESSOX XXXIX. 
 
 Two Accusatives: Person and Thing; Accusative 
 WITH Compounds; Accusative of Time and 
 Space; Accusative of Limit of Motion. 
 
 §§ 178, a,h,c; 179, 1, 3 ; 181, 1 ; 182, 1, a, b ; 182, 2. 
 
 117. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 annus, i, m., year. 
 Athenae, arum, f. ip\., Athens. 
 contineo, ere, ui, I confine, 
 ^Tieepr [Danube. 
 
 Danuvius, i (ii), in., the 
 Darius, i, m., Darius. 
 doceo. ere, uT, doctus^ . / 
 
 teach. 
 flagito, 1, I demand. 
 hiems, is, f., idnter. 
 obtineo, ere, uT, tentus, / 
 
 occupy, hold. 
 
 octoginta, indecl., eightyr' 
 passus, us, m., pace (five 
 
 feet). 
 pes, pedis. ncL, ^etr '^ 
 procedo, ere. cessi, cessu: 
 
 rus, I advance. 
 
 traduco. ere, duxT, ductus, 
 
 / lead across. 
 triduuna, i, n., three days. 
 turns, IS, I., to'cer. 
 vivo, ere, vixi, victurus, 1 
 
 live. 
 
 ifiio-il. Post initium hiemis tres menses in his 
 re'gi^mbus moratus est. 2. Postea decern millia pas- 
 suum pvocesserunt. 3. Darius copias suas Danuvium 
 tradtixit. 4. Ilia turris triginta pedes alta fiiit. 
 
 5, Caesar multos annos bellnm in Gallia gessit. 
 
 6. Hie locus trecentos passus aberat. 7. Te pecuniam 
 Iquam milii debes; flagitabam. 8. Hic rex triginta 
 
 annos regnum obtinuit, octoginta vixit. 9. Triduuni 
 mansimus incolumes. 10. Copias totam hiemem in 
 castris continuit. 11. Copiae Danuvium traductae 
 sunt. 
 
50 The Dative of Indirect Object. 
 
 .11^; '1. I have often reminded you (of) this. 2. Ario- 
 tstus will lead the barbarians across the Ehine. 
 3. We have been friends manvyears. 4, Darius hadj 
 kept his prisoners in this towei fol^ten months. S.'^'he 
 envoys ask aid of'. Caesar. uTl will teach you all 
 these things. "7. They could scarcely advance eighty 
 paces into the forest. 8. Caesar demanded thirty 
 hostages of the Helvetians. 9. They will return 
 home. 10. When shall we come to Athens? 
 
 LESSON XL. 
 The Dative of lNJii,RE^|OajECT. 
 ^§ 186 ; 187, I, II, III. ' 
 
 120. VOCABULARY. 
 
 antea, previousltj, before. persuadeo, ere, suasi, sua- 
 
 confido ere, fisus sum sum, I persuade. 
 
 (§ 114, 1), I trust. j^aceo, ere, ul, iturus, / 
 
 donum, I, n., gift. /f please. 
 
 infero, ferre, tuli, latus, / praeficio, ere, feci, fectus, 
 
 bring upon., bring against. I put in charge., place in 
 
 noceo, ere, nocui, nocitu- ■ command. 
 
 rus, I injure., harm.^ res publica, gen. rel publi- 
 
 \^»-«rati6, onis, f., speech. cae, f., state., republic. 
 
 Y\ parco, ere, peperci, parsu- sermo, onis, m., conversa- 
 
 c^ — jr^^ J spare. tion. 
 
 
 121. 1. Parcite, civeSj rei publicae. 2. Has litteras 
 tibi jam miseram. 3. Egone vobis nocui? 4. Confi- 
 dite^ nillites, imperatori vestro ! 5. Nullis legatis 
 oratione mea persuadere poteram. G. Te castris mi- 
 
1 ••■tM 
 
 The Dative of Indirect Object. 51 
 
 noribus praefeceram. 7. Galba his hlbernis praefuit. 
 8. Nemo nobis bellum Inferet. 9. Fratri tuo facile 
 persuasissem. 10. Huic negotio te praeficiemus. 
 11. Hie sermo mihi maxime placuerat. 12. Militibus 
 jam antea persuaserat. __ - 
 
 ril?2. 1. The senate put Cicero in charge of the 
 republic. 2. The Seqiiani sent swoms and other gifts 
 to the Gernians. 3. Sarins spared the fives of almost 
 all his p^son^'s. 4. His conversation- greatly pleases 
 me. 5. We shall persuade the cohlmander of this co- 
 hort. 6. Trust your friends. 7. We shall bravely 
 resist the enemy. 8. I sent a man whom I especially 
 trusted. 9. These terms of peace pleased no one. 
 
 123. Two Jests of Cicero. 
 
 1. Yatinius tantum ^ paucos dies consulatum gessit. 
 Hinc Cicero notabili urbanitate dixit, "Magnum os- 
 tentum anno Vatini factum est, quod illo consule ^ nee; 
 hiems nee ver nee aestas nee autumnus fuit." 2. Len- 
 tulus, gener Ciceronis, fuit homo exiguae statiirae. 
 Cum^ socer ilium longo gladio accinctum vidisset, 
 "Quis" inquit " generum meum ad ilium gladium alli- 
 gavit ? " 
 
 1 tantum : onJ>j. 
 
 2 1116 consule : lit. he (being) consul, i.e. in his consulship. 
 2 cum vidisset: translate as though indicative, — when he 
 
 had seen. 
 
52 Dative of Reference ; of Agency, 
 
 LESSON XLI. 
 
 Dative of Keference; of Agency; of Possession; 
 OF Purpose ; with Adjectives. 
 
 §§ 188, 1 and Note ; 189, 1 ; 190 ; 191 ; 192, 1, 2. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 adversus, a, um, adverse. par, paris, equal; w. dat., a 
 
 colloquium, i (ii), n., con- match for. 
 
 ference. tain, so (of degree). 
 
 corpus, oris, n., hady. usus. us, m., use, service. 
 
 inimicus, a, um, hostile. ventus, i, m., wind. 
 obstruo, ere, struxi, struc- 
 
 tus, / block, obstruct. 
 
 (125. ' 1. Haec castra nobis fortiter defendenda sunt. 
 
 2. Haec verba tibi probanda sunt. 3. Consilium ves- 
 trum miM magno usui_erat. 4. Pacultates amplae 
 amico nieo sunt, 5. Diem colloquio constituamus. 
 6. Hunc locum castrls delegerat. 7. Magnae classes 
 Romanis erant. 8. Quare mihi tarn inimicus eras ? 
 9. Galli exercitui Romano non pares erant. 10. Hi 
 viri hostibus iter suls corporibus obstruxerunt. 11. Hic 
 ventus navibus nostrls adversus fuit. 
 
 2J/ 1. Aid miTst be sent by Ariovistus without 
 delay. 2. He will choose a place suitable for a fort. 
 
 3. These towns are next to the sea. 4. He gave (to) the 
 soldiers swords and shields for rewards. 5. Caesar 
 was obstructing the march of the Helvetians. 6. He 
 has always been hostile to me. 7. The fields and 
 rivers seem beautiful to Marcus. 8. This plain was 
 suitable for a cavalry battle. 
 
 \ . 0*^ 
 
 / 
 
The Grenitive zvith Nouns. ' 53 
 
 LESSON XLII. 
 
 The Gexitiye with jSTouxs. 
 
 §§ 195 ; 198 ; 199 ; 200 ; 201, 1, 2 ; 203. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 aesti^, atis, f., summer. levis, e. light. 
 
 altitude, inis, f. , height ; modus, i, m., kind, sort. 
 
 depth. nonnuUus, a. um. some. 
 
 armatura, ae, f., equip- occido, ere, occidi, occi- 
 
 ment. sus, / kill. 
 
 causa, ae, f. , cause. parum, indecl., little, too 
 duodecini, indecl., twelve. little. 
 
 enim, for ; cannot begin a quantum, how much ? 
 
 sentence. satis, enough. 
 
 etiam, also. singularis, e, matchless. 
 
 gratus, a, um, pleasing, wel- supersum. esse, fui, remain. 
 
 come. virtus, tutis. f., virtue. 
 
 ^28. 1. Qiaantum pabuli in castris fiiit? 2. Memo- 
 yi'ia tua beneficiorum meorum mihi gratissfina est. 
 3. Non erat satis pecuniae. 4. Hic aclulescens sin- 
 gularis virtutis est. . o. ]Milites nostrl fossam duodecini 
 pedum in altitudinem ^ conipleverunt. 16. Erant etiam 
 milites nonnuUi levis armatiirae. 7! Non niultum 
 aestatis supererat. 8. Parum praesidi nobis est. 
 9. Maxima pars equitatus occisa est. 10. Is"eiiio plus 
 auctcritatis quam Caesar uim habebat. 11. Ille enim 
 maximae auctoritatis fuit.> 
 
 129. 1. How much money have you? 2. The in- 
 fluence of this chief renders the Helvetians hostile to 
 
 Literally, into depth. Translate : in depth. 
 
54 The Genitive with Adjactives and Verbs, 
 
 the Komans. 3. A ditch of great depth blocks the ^ 
 nmfch. ' 4. The Sequani are of matchless valor and ^^ ^ 
 fidelity. 5. How much grain have you ? 6. He is (a 
 man) of small influence among these tribes. 7. I have.)^ 
 not enoiie:h money."" 8. .The soldiers have be^un to 
 have suspicions of danger.' 9. The terror qf the 
 citizens is without cause. 10. Have you ever seen a 
 man of this kind before ? 
 
 130. The Frog and the Ox. 
 
 In prato quondam rana bovem conspexit et invidia 
 tacta pellem mflavit. Turn natos^ rogavit num^ bove 
 latior^ esset. Illi negabant. E,ursus pellem intendit 
 rursusque* rogavit uter major esset.^ 111! dixerunt, 
 " Bos est major.^' Denique validius conatur se inttare 
 atque corpus rupit. 
 
 LESSON XLIIL 
 
 The Genitive with Adjectives and Verbs. 
 
 §§ 204, 1, 2 ; 206, 1, 2, and a; 207 ; 208, 1, 2. 
 
 131. VOCABULARY. 
 
 accuse, 1, I accuse. eruptio, onis, f., sally. 
 
 admoneo, ere, ui, itus, I facinus, inoris, ii., deed, 
 
 remind, warn. crime. 
 
 caedes, is, f., slaughter. furtum, i, n., theft. 
 
 1 natos : he)' children. ^ num esset : xohether she was. 
 
 3 bove latior : broader than the ox. 
 
 4 rursusque : and again. ^ esset : was. 
 
* Revieiu. 55 
 
 nocturnus, a. um, at night. pristinus, a, um, pristine^ 
 
 obliviscor, i, oblitus sum, former. 
 
 I forget. -que, enclitic conj., and 
 
 plenus, a, um, full. i J/ 
 
 '(^132. 1. Nonne illiiis eruptionis nocturnae memi- 
 nistis ? 2. Vita illius viii periculorum plena fuit. 
 3. Hiijus facinoris iion obliviscemiir. 4. Galli ^ell^'- 
 Vupidi fuerunt. 5. Virttitis majoruQi suorum memi- 
 nerant. 6. Beneficioruin tuoriim non obltviscor. 
 7. Eum ami'citiae nostrae admoniu. 8. jSTonne hoc 
 merainisti? 9. Qiiis nos furti accusat? 10. Caesar , 
 Gallos defectionis pristiiiae admonuit. 11. Obliviscere^: 
 belli caedisque ! 
 
 133. 1. These barbarians were fond of war. 
 2.~^\e life of the soldier is full of dangers. 3. The 
 father reminded his sons of these duties. 4. The 
 troops were fond of danger and often made sallies 
 at night. 5. Remember your ancestors and their 
 pristine customs. 6. Cicero accused this man of many 
 crimes. 7. He long remembered the kindnesses of 
 his friend. 8. Loyalty is common to all Roman sol- 
 diers. 9. Let us forget all controversies and dissen- 
 sions. 
 
 LESSON XLIV. ■^"-' ^ ' 
 
 Review. 
 
 134. 1. Galba in vico qui Octodurus appellatur 
 hiemabat. 2. Helvetii hunc locum opportunissimum 
 judicaverunt. 3. Sine magno periculo copias Rhenum 
 
56 The Ablative. 
 
 tradtixit. 4. Sententiam rogatus est. 5. Caesar- 
 omnibus mulieribus peper^iU, 6. Ei munltioni qiiain 
 fecerat Galbam praefgcit. 7. Lauclat eos qui huic 
 negotio praefuerant. 8. Milites nostri maximum 
 terrorem liostibus Inferunt. 9. Hostes nobis in con- 
 spectum venerant. 10. Castris erat satis praesidi. 
 11. Helvetii pristinae virtutis suae non obllvlscuntur. 
 
 LESSON XLV. 
 
 The Ablative. — True Ablative Uses: Separation, 
 Source, Agent, Comparison. 
 
 §§ 214, 1, a-d; 215; 216; 217, 1, 3. 
 
 135. VOCABULARY. 
 
 amplius, adv., more. Julius, i (ii), m., Julius., a 
 
 centum, indecl., one hun- man's name, 
 
 dred. nascor, i, natus sum, / am 
 
 exeo, ire, ii, itum, / go forth, born. 
 
 go out. repello, ere, reppuli, repul- 
 
 expello, ere, pull, pulsus, I sus, I drive back, repel. 
 
 drive out, banish. sescenti, ae, a, six hundred. 
 
 genus, eris, n., race, fam- sexaginta. indecl., sixty 
 
 ily. 
 
 solvo, ere, solvi, solutus, 7 a ^'^ ^ 
 incendo, ere, cendi, census, loose; of ships, unmoor' jr 
 
 I set on fire. naves solvere, set sail. ^)^, 
 
 136. 1. Caesar minus qulnque mlllia passuuimpi'o- 
 cessit. -2. Milites nostri Gallos a'' vallo castrorum 
 reppulerunt. 3. Amplius centum oppida a Caesare 
 capta sunt. 4. Quid est amicitia pulchrius ? 5. Nonne 
 est virtiis amicitia pulchrior ? 6. GermanI e vicis 
 
The Ablative. 57 
 
 expulsi sunt. 7. Gives timore liberabimiis. 8. Equites 
 hostium vado fluminis prohibuimus. 9. Julius Caesar 
 nobilissimo genere natus est. 10. Plus sexaginta 
 aedificia incendebantur. 11. Quo patre natus es ? 
 
 12. Plus centum millia hominum e finibus exierunt. 
 
 13. Naves portu solv-mius. 
 
 .37. 1. Darius, the king of the barbarians, banr" 
 ished one hundred and sixty nobles from Was city. 
 2. These towns and villages were set on fire by thte 
 Helvetians. 3. Is not the Khine deeper than the 
 Rhone? 4. Ten Roman horsemen drove back more 
 ;^, than a hundred Germans from the camp. 5. Cicero 
 \^^j was banished from the city by the Roman peof)le. 
 6. When shall I be4"reedfrom the fears and griefs of 
 this life ? 7. We remained there less than three days. 
 8. This place was less than six hundred paces distant ^- 
 froni us. 9. He was born of a most noble father/ ' 
 
 LESSON XLVI. 
 
 The Ablative. — Instrumextal Uses : Means, 
 Cause, Manner, Attendant Circumstance. 
 
 §^ 218, 1, 2, 8 ; 219, 1 ; 220, 1 ; 221. 
 
 138. VOCABULARY. 
 
 adduce, ere. duxi, ductus, conficio, ere, feci, fectus, 
 
 Head on, impel. I use 2ip, exhaust. 
 
 commutatio, onis, f., c/mnr/c. detrimentum. i, n., loss, 
 
 concursus, us. m.. a con- damage, harm. 
 
 course, crowd. diguitas, tatis. f., dignity. 
 
58 The Ablative, 
 
 excedo, ere, cessi, cessu- loquor, loqui, locutus sum, 
 
 rus, / withdraw, depart. I speak. 
 
 exitus, us, m., exit, passage. opus, iiidecl., n. , need; opus 
 
 iiiopia, ae, f., need, lack. est, it is necessary, there is 
 
 insto, are, iti, I press on. need. 
 
 lacesso, ere,* cessivi (il), tempestas, tatis, f., ^ejnpesi. 
 
 itus, / harass. utor, i, usus sum, / use. 
 
 \ \ 
 \139.) 1. Hostes magno detrimento repulsi sunt. 
 
 2. HTc legatus samma dignitate locutus est. 3. Naves 
 hac tempestate ad terram redire coactae sunt. 4. Ad- 
 ventu Caesaris magna commutatio reruni facta est. 
 5. Mllites longo itinere confecti erant. 6. Auxilio aml- 
 coruni nostrorum utemur. 7. Nobis ec[uitibus pediti- 
 busque o|)us erij;. 8. Legati timore periculi e castrls 
 excesserunt. 9. Germanl inopia omnium rerum ad- 
 ducti nuntios de deditione ad Caesarem miserunt. 
 
 10. Hostes equites nostros proelio lacessiverunt. 
 
 11. Magno concursu Instabant. 12. Exitum portis 
 invenerunt. 
 
 ' 140. 1. He made these changes with the greatest 
 ganger. 2. He began his speech with great dignity. 
 
 3. The money will not be necessary. 4. He withdrew ; 
 from the line of battle because of terror. 5. He has • 
 used little diligence. 6. The plain was filled with 
 
 a great multitude of men. 7. This young man 
 was exhausted by his great laboi^s. 8. The army 
 pressed on with the greatest speed. 9. These 
 trenches were filled with large stones by the soldiers. 
 10. The Helvetii \vere not content with their narrow" 
 boundaries. ^— — "^C 
 
 \ 
 
The Ablative. 59 
 
 141. The Sibylline Books. 
 
 Anus qiiaedam incognita ad Tarquiniuin regem 
 quondam adiit, iioveni libros ferens, quos ^ esse dieebat 
 oracula divina, Tarquinius pretium percontatus est ; 
 anus multum poposcit. Rex derisit. 
 
 Turn ilia tres libros ex novem comburit ; et rediens - 
 idem pretium postulat. Tarquinius multo magis risit. 
 
 Anus iterum tres alios libros comburit atque denuo 
 rogavit ut^ rex tres reliquos eodem pretio emeret. 
 Tanta ^ constantia victus rex libros mercatus est. 
 
 LESSO:Ni XLVII. 
 
 The Ablative. ■ — Instrumental TTses : Accompani- 
 ment, Degree of Difference, Quality, Price, 
 Specification. 
 
 §§ 222 ; 223 ; 224 ; 225 ; 226. 
 
 142. VOCABULARY. 
 
 ante, adv., before. magistratus, us, m., magis- 
 Cato, onis, m., Cato. trate. 
 
 dignus. a. um, worthy. manus. us, f., hand; in mili- 
 domus. us (§ 40, 4), f., house^ tary sense, band, force, 
 
 home. ' paulo, abl., by a little. 
 
 ^ quos esse dlcebat : uihich she said loere^ lit. lohich she said 
 to be. 
 
 - rediens : present participle of reded ; § 132. 
 
 ^ut rex emeret : that the king should buy. 
 
 ** tanta constantia victus : conquered by so great per- 
 sistency. 
 
h 
 
 60 The Ablative. 
 
 post, afterwards. supero, 1, I surpass ; am su- 
 
 primum, first, for the first perior to ; governs the ace. 
 
 time. talentum, i, n., a talent 
 
 redigo, ere, egi, actus, I re- (about .31200). [_sell. 
 
 (luce. vendo, ere, didi, ditus, / 
 
 R5ina, ae, f., Borne. viginti, iudecl. , twenty. 
 
 143. 1. Hostes numero superabant. 2. Caesar cum 
 quattuor legionibns profectus est. 3. Caesar panels 
 
 ' annls ante primum in Galliam venerat. 4. Turris 
 jdecem pedibus quam munitio altior fuit. 5. Haec 
 '? domus viginti talentis vendita est. 6. Cum fratre 
 1 meo domum redii. 7. Proelium equestre panels ante 
 diebns factum erat. 8. Nonne hi magistratils summa' 
 fide dignl sunt ? 9. Tribus annls post Roniam venit. 
 10. Paulo post has insulas sub potestatem nostrani 
 redegimns. 11. Galli cum magna manu hoc oppidum 
 oppugnare incipiunt. 
 
 144. 1. Your brother arrived a little before ; you 
 yourself a little afterwards. 2. Tliis horse surpasses 
 all others in speed. 3. The magistrate sold his house 
 for ten talents and departed from the city. 4. He is 
 a boy of great diligence. 5. The tree is three feet 
 higher than the building. 6. The Romans are few in 
 number. 7. Cato was a man of matchless dignity and 
 influence. 8. Caesar led his cavalry with two legions 
 of infantry across the river. 9. This state was of 
 great influence among the Gauls. 10. That phin was 
 
 x'^much better. .. — """^ 
 
 x\ 
 
The Ablative. 
 
 61 
 
 LESSON XLVIII. 
 
 The Ablative. — The Ablative Absolute. — Loca- 
 tive Uses : Time axd Place. — The Locative. 
 
 §§ 227, 1, 2 ; 228 and 1, a ; 229, 1 and 1, a; 230 ; 231 ; 232, 1. 
 
 145. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ago, ere, egi, actus, I pass, 
 
 spend. [lose. 
 
 amitto, ere, misi, missus, / 
 cedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, / 
 
 yield., xoithdraw. 
 Crassus, i, m., Crassus, a 
 
 man's name. 
 deduc5, ere, duxl, ductus, 
 
 I lead avmy. 
 desero, ere, serui, sertus, / 
 
 abandon, desert. 
 
 fortuna, ae, f., fortune; pi., 
 fortunae, arum, f . , fortune 
 (possessions) . 
 
 iiisidiae, arum, f. pi., am- 
 bush. 
 
 Italia, ae, f., Italy. 
 
 no:s, noctis, f., night. 
 
 Pompejus, Pompei, m., 
 Pompey, a man's name. 
 
 proximus, 
 
 (§ 73, 1). 
 
 um, next 
 
 (J^Gy 1. Pompejo, Crasso consulibus, Germani Rh6- 
 num flumen transierunt. 2. His nationibiis superatis, 
 Caesar in hiberna rediit. 3. Sex annls fortiinas omnes 
 amisit. 4. Ea nocte legiones e castris deduxit. 5. Prox- 
 imo anno tii eris consul. 6. Uniim diem Genevae 
 mansisti. 7. His locis erant maximae silvae. 8. Eo 
 tempore de salute nostra desperavit. 9. Eoma in 
 Galliam contendit. 10. Ab Italia Athenas Kalendls 
 veiiiam. 11. Hlo die me deseruisti. 12. Hostes, 
 insidiis in silvis collocatis, adventum Romanorum 
 exspectabant. 
 
 x; 
 
 / 147. 1. He had spent five years at Rome. 2. On 
 that night we discovered an ambush of the Gauls. 
 
62 The Ablative. 
 
 3. We returned from Kome, to Athens. 4.( In the 
 consulship of Marcus Cicero, Pompey returned to 
 Rome. 5. He set out immediately from Athens. 
 6. Within live years Caesar conquered ten large 
 tribes and reduced all Gaul to a province. 7. On 
 the next day Catp was chosen consul. 8. /When 
 Fortune is adverse) there is no great hope of vic- 
 tory. 9. Having lost this large fleet, Caesar returned 
 from Britain to the coast of Gaul. 
 
 148. The Tkojan Horse. 
 
 Duces Graecorum fatis repulsi equum aedificant 
 Instar ^ niontis. In hoc viros armatos condunt. Ipsi 
 a Troja abeunt. 
 
 TrojanI locos vident desertos. Itaque portas pan- 
 dun t, exeunt, equum mirantur, quem denique intra 
 muros ducunt. 
 
 Nox erat et omnes TrojanI somnum placidum carpe- 
 bant, cum Graeci in equo inclusi claustra laxabant 
 atque ipsi exibant. Invadunt urbem somno sepultam 
 et Trojanos occidunt. Sic Troja deleta est. 
 
 1 Instar niontis: as large as a mountain; rhetorical ex- 
 aggeration. 
 
\rChjJ 
 
 '^'t^ 
 
 
 
 SYNTAX OF ADJECTIVES A^D 
 PRONOUNS. 
 
 149. 
 
 LESSON XLIX. 
 
 Adjectives. 
 
 §§ 236, 1 ; 237 ; 239 ; 240, 1, 2 ; 241, 1, 2. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 accedo. ere. cessi. cessu- 
 rus, I approach, come. 
 
 conicio, ere, jeci, jectus, I 
 hurl, cast. 
 
 cursus, us, 111., course, speed. 
 
 hortor, ari, atus sum. I en- 
 courage. 
 
 invitus, a, um, unv'illing. 
 
 magnitudo, inis. f. . size. 
 
 perficio, ere, feci, fectus, / 
 accomplish. 
 
 plerique. aeque, aque, most^ 
 
 very many. 
 polliceor, eri, itus sum, / 
 
 promise. 
 praecipio, ere, cepi. ceptus. 
 
 / enjoin upon. 
 proicio, ere, jeci, jectus, / 
 
 throw forvard. cast. 
 respondeo, ere, respond!, 
 
 responsus, I answer, reply. 
 tueor, eri, / guard, protect. 
 
 150. 1. Plerosque legates ab hoc colloquio jjiyitos 
 abeuntes vidimus. 2. Crassus primus accessit. 3. Haec 
 1 actus creclidi. 4. Ab Imo colle magno cursu ad flumen 
 contenderunt. 5. E mediis castrls tela conjecerunt. 
 6. Tibi multa respond!. < . Pauca meministi. 8 . Ple-_ 
 raque de magnitudine harum silvarum audivimus. 
 9. Omnia, quae niihi praecepisti, perfeci. 10. Hi se 
 ad pedes "imperatoris projecenmt. 11. Caesar suos^ 
 hortabatur. 12. InvTtus ilia scrips!. 13. nines boni 
 civitatem tuentur. 11. Omnia polliceris; nihil perficis. 
 
 
64 Pi'onoims. 
 
 151. 1. The good are always beautiful. 2. Pompey 
 drew up his troops on the top of the mountain. 3. Cae- 
 sar was always the first to enter the battle and the last 
 to withdraw. 4. We were informed of these things at 
 the end of summer. 5. The horse was very swift. 
 6. Such delays are becoming much too frequent. 7. He 
 most unwillingly promised us^ this. 8. He joyfully 
 approached. 9. In the last portion of the winter 
 Caesar returned to Rome. 10. He encouraged his 
 (soldiers) and ordered them to guard this camp. 
 
 LESSON L. 
 
 Pronouns. 
 
 §§ 242, 1, 2 ; 243, 1 ; 245 ; 246, 1, 4 ; 249, 1 ; 253, 1, 2. 
 
 152. VOCABULARY. 
 
 commoveo, ere, movi, mo- opprimo, ere, pressi, pres- 
 
 tus, I move, touch. sus, / overwhelm. 
 
 confugio, ere, fugi, fugitu- perfugi6,ere, fugl,fugiturus, 
 
 rus, / flee for refuge. I flee. 
 
 differs, ferre, distuli, dila- scio, ire, scivi, scitus, 1 
 
 tus, I differ. know. 
 
 effugio, ere, fugi, fugiturus, subeo, Ire, ii, iturus, / ap- 
 
 I escape. \_serve. proach. 
 
 mereor, eri, itus sum, / de- vis, vis, f. (ace. vim, § 41), 
 
 misericordia, ae, f . , piti). violence. 
 
 153. 1. Alius perfugit;, alius captus est. 2. Tua 
 mei memoria commotus sum. 3. Tua nostri miseri- 
 cordia patrem meum commovit. 4. Alii gladiis, alii 
 
 1 This means 'to us,' and must be rendered in Latin ac- 
 cordingly. 
 
/ 
 
 Review, -^ ^ ^ 65 
 
 tells pugnabant. 5. Maxima pars eorum confugit. 
 
 6. Alter interfectus est, alter effilgit. 7. Alii aliud \ 
 merentur. 8. Multi vestruni liaec eadem sciunt. ) 
 9. Nos VI ipsa oppressit. 10. Galli institutis et legi- / 
 bus iiit^r se differebant. 11. Vallum ipsum snlieaipus,^^/ 
 
 r' 154. 1. Orgetorix ordered the Helvetians and 
 Sequani to give hostages to each other. 2. On that 
 very night this noble prisoner escaped. 3. One fears 
 the enemy, another the violence of his friends. 4. I 
 blame Cicero, and Cicero blames me. 5. Each of 
 us deserves the praise of the king. 6. We have 
 long contended with each other (between ourselv^es). 
 
 7. Caesar was killed by his own friends. 8. One 
 praises one thing, another another. 9. Our (men) 
 were frightened by the great multitude of these ships. 
 
 LESSON LI. 
 
 Review. 
 
 '. In eo proelio minus ducenti milites inter- 
 fecW^unt. 2. Hae nationes propter dissensiones pos- 
 sessionibus suls expulsae sunt. 3. Opus est celeritate. 
 4. Equites portis eruptionem f aciunt. 5. Hostes equites 
 nostros proelio lacessere coeperunt. 6. Panels ante 
 diebus prof ecti sumus. 7. Haec civitas erat magna auc- 
 toritate. 8. Helvetii id quod constituerant facere conan- 
 tnr. 9. Ille dignus est fide. 10. Athenis morabamur. 
 11. In Italiam venimus. 12. Galll media nocte ex 
 castrls egress! sunt. 13. Ipsa loci natiira periculum 
 repellebat. 14. Alii tela coniciunt, alii vallum subeunt. 
 

 c/^' 
 
 
 r \,Z^^-^ 
 
 ^VkJ^ 
 
 1 
 
 I ■ 
 
 iPm^<^ 
 
 SYNTAX OF THE MOODS. 
 
 LESSON LII. 
 
 The Subjunctive in Independent Sentences: 
 Jussive, Hortatoky, Deliberative, Prohibi- 
 tive. 
 
 §§ 272 ; 273 ; 274 ; 275, 1 ; 276 and c ; 277 and a. 
 
 156. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 addo, ere, idi, itus, I add. 
 
 alienus, a, um, iinfavor- 
 ahle. 
 
 committo, ere, misi, mis- 
 sus, / bring together ; with 
 proelium or pugnam, to 
 join battle. 
 
 consido, ere, edi, essum, I 
 settle. 
 
 desists, ere, stitl, I cease. 
 
 dimitto, ere, misi, missus, 
 
 1 lei go, dismiss, disband. 
 
 expeditus, a, um, unencum- 
 bered, liglit-armed. 
 
 hic, here. 
 
 ne, not. 
 
 oxb, \, I beseech. [retain. 
 
 retineo, ere, ui, tentus, 1 
 
 sumo, ere, sumpsi, sump- 
 tus, / take. 
 
 157. 1. Omnia faciamus quae frater tiiiis oravit. 
 2. Quid dicat? 3. Quid, dicerent ? 4. Germani agros 
 Gallorum ne vexent ! 5. . Hanc occasionem ne dimit- 
 tant. 6. Nolite proelium alieno loco committere ! 
 7. Amicum meum non defenderem ? 8. Omnes proelio 
 desistant ! 9. Noli hanc pecuniam siimere! 10. Mores 
 atque discipllnam majorum retineamus! 11. Quare 
 
 GO 
 
Suhjiinctive in Independent Sentences. 67 
 
 hie non consldamus ? 12. His legionibus decern 
 cohortes exp^dltae addantur. 
 
 158. 1. Let us beseech the gods. 2. Let them join .^u^v^^^^ 
 battle with the enemy. 3.^ Do ^ot. let the prisoners^ ^^ 
 go. 4. Let us press on bravely. 5. Do not refuse '^^•^^ro^y^ 
 the reward which I promised you. 6. Let him write \i 
 
 this letter immediately. 7. Do not approve such '^ ^f^^^^'X^ 
 words. 8. What am I to send ? 9. Let us not forget 
 our friends. 10. What Tps this youth to do ? 11. Are 
 we not to resist this man? 12. Let him take the 
 money and go. -fc^-.^xx^ 
 
 ^ 159. The Haunted House. Part I. 
 
 Erat Athenis domus spatiosa, sed per silentium 
 noctis sonus ferri et vinculorum ibi audiebatur; mox 
 apparebat idolon, senex promissa barba.^ Manibus^ 
 catenas gerebat et quatiebat.^ 
 
 Hinc domus deserta et illi idolo relicta est. 
 
 Venit Athenas philosophus^ Athenodorus', legit titu- 
 lum, omnia'* docetur, ac nihilominus domum conducit. 
 
 Ubi coepit^ advesperascere, poscit stilum et lumen ; 
 servos suos in interiora*^ dimittit; ipse ad^ librum 
 animum et oculos intendit. 
 
 ^ promissa barba: icith a long heard ; § 224. 
 
 - Maiiibus : on its hands. ^ quatiebat : shook them. 
 
 * omnia : § 178, 1, b and 2. ^ ubi coepit : token it began. 
 
 6 in interiora: into the inner part (of the house). 
 
 ^ ad : upon. 
 
68 The Optative and Potential Subjunctives. 
 
 LESSON LIII. 
 
 The Optative and Potential Subjunctives. — The 
 
 Imperative. 
 
 §§ 279, 1, 2 ; 280 and 2 ; 281, and 1, 2. 
 
 160. VOCABULARY. 
 
 animus, i, m., courage, heart. jus, juris, n., right, authority. 
 
 averto, ere, ti, versus, / patior, pati, passus sum, 1 
 
 avert, turn aside. suffer ; endure. [land. 
 
 intellego, ere, lexi, lectus, patiia., ae,f., coimtry, father- 
 
 I know, understand. vulnus, eris, n., wound. 
 
 ,'161. 1. Defendite, elves, saltitem communem ! 
 2. - Patria nostra injiiriam iie 'patiatur ! 3. Consules. 
 summum jus habento. 4. Utinam tarn loiigum tempus 
 in his laboribus ne eonsumpsissemus ! 5. Imperatori 
 vestro, milites, operam date ! 6. Utinam hi milites 
 ammo meliore essent. 7. Ista vix patiar. 8. Haec 
 pericula a nobis avertantur. 9. Nemo hoc consilium 
 facile intellegat. 
 
 ( .'-., 
 
 
 /162. 1. May the gods avert this dangej._^2. Would 
 that Caesar were present. 3. I should wish to* under- -f 
 stand this affair better. 4. No one would praise'v 
 such men. 5^ He would endure wounds without 
 fear. 6. Would' tnafc Cicero had not been killed. 
 7. Remember your fatherland ! 8. that the battle 
 may not be unfavorable to the Romans. 9. We should 
 not believe this report. 10. Leave the city and re- 
 turn home. 11. Would that the pass were not so 
 narrow. 12. May you always be happy and contented. 
 

 Moods in Dependent Clauses. 69 
 
 \ 
 
 ""* LESSON LIV. 
 
 Moods ix Dependent Clauses. — The Subjunctive 
 OF Purpose. — Sequence of Tenses. 
 
 §S282, 1, and a, 2; 258 ; 266, B ; 267, 1, 2, 3. 
 
 ' 163. ' / VOCABULARY. 
 
 Aquitama, ae, f., Aquitania, pono, ere, posui, positus. 1 
 
 a district of Gaul. put, place, establish ; castra 
 
 communio, ire, ivi (ii) , itus, ponere, pitch a camp. 
 
 I strongly fortify. quo, conj., in order that. 
 
 conjungo, ere, junxi, junc- remaneo, ere. mansi, man- 
 
 tus, / unite. sums, / remain. 
 
 fruor, frui, 1 enjoy (§ 218, 1). tantus. a, um, so great. 
 
 liber, libera, liberum, free. ut, that, in order that. 
 
 ne, lest; that . . . not; in^ , . ^ 
 
 order that . . . not. ^ -cV^--^ ^ y2JU~^ ■ 
 
 fl64^/*l. Caesar proelium commlsit, ne exercitus 
 majores couvenirent. 2. Haec fecimus ut llbeii esse- 
 mus. 3. Castra in locls superioribus posnit, ne quis ea 
 facile oppugnaret. 4. Pauci remanserunt, ut suspicio- 
 nem timoris vitarent. 5. Caesar homines delegit qui 
 castra communirent. 6. Haec facimus ut libertate 
 fruamur. 7. Galbam captlvis praefecit, ne quis^ 
 eifugeret. 8. Quo iter expedltius faceret, impedimenta 
 reliquit. 9. Crassus in Aquitaniam proficlscitnr 
 ne tantae gentes conjungantur. 10. Castra fossa 
 munlvimus (;iiio,facilius defendere possemus. 
 
 1 In Latin, 'in order that no one' is rendered by ne quis 
 (not by ut nemo), and ' in order that no ' is rendered by ne 
 uUus (not by ut nullus) . 
 
70^ Moods in Dependent Clauses. 
 
 165. 1. Caesar left one legion behind in order that it 
 might guard the c^Mp. 2. We drive out the barbarians 
 in order that you may enjoy peace and good fortune. 
 3. He fortified the town in order that the citizens 
 might more easily resist the enemy. 4. Unite your 
 forces lest the Germans overwhelm you. 5. The light- 
 armed cavalry preceded the army in order that they 
 might more quickly unite themselves with the allies. 
 
 6. They will flee in order that they may not be killed. 
 
 7. They had fortified a town to which they might flee 
 for refuge. 
 
 166. The Haunted House. Part II. 
 
 Primo tantum^ silentium noctis; delude Atheno-. 
 dorus sonum ferri et vinculorum audit. Respicit 
 atque videt imaginem de qua audierat. Haec stabat 
 et digito innuebat. 
 
 Sine mora Athenodorus lumen tollit et sequitur. 
 
 Imago lento gradu ibat, quasi vinculis gravis. Post- 
 quam in aream deflexit, repente delapsa Athenodorum 
 deserit. Postero die magistratus adit; eos monet ut^ 
 jubeant ilium locum effodi. Inveniuntur ossa hominis 
 catenis innexa. 
 
 1 tantum : lit. only ; i.e. there was only. 
 2ut jubeant : that they hid. 
 
\ 
 
 Clauses of Characteristic. 71 
 
 LESSOK LV. 
 
 Clauses of Characteristic — Result Clauses. — 
 
 Causal Clauses. 
 
 §§ 283, 1, 2 ; 284, 1 ; 285 ; 286, 1, 2. 
 
 « 
 
 167. VOCABULARY. 
 
 alius, a, ud, else. paucitas, atis, f., fewness^ 
 
 appropinquo, 1, I approach. small number. 
 
 consists, ere, stiti, consist. puto. 1, I think. * 
 
 cum, conj., since. quod, because, on the ground 
 
 despicio, ere, spexi, spec- that. 
 
 tus, / despise. quoniam, conj., inasmuch as. 
 ita, so. 
 
 168. 1. Te acctisavit quod liostibus non resisteres. 
 2. Quis est qui haec putet ? 3. Hostes acriter piigna- 
 verunt, cum in una virtute omnis spes salutis con- 
 sisteret. 4. Quod nemo alius aderat, nos accusare 
 ausus est. 5. Quoii^iiim German! appropinquant, 
 castra movebimus. 6. Quae cum ita sint, in hoc loco 
 manebimus. 7. Hoc acciderat quod Galli legioneiu 
 nostram propter paucitatem despiciebant. 8. Hic 
 locus talis erat ut nostri defendere facile possent. 
 
 9. Caesar Gallos accusat quod ab eis non sublevetur.' 
 
 10. Hostes ita perterriti sunt ut in silvas perf ugerent. ■ 
 
 169. 1. No one who neglects his duty will be a great 
 man. 2. Since these things were so, we remained 
 there. 3. What man is so base as not to love his 
 country ? 4. The soldiers approached so swiftly that 
 we could not escape. 5. Caesar had blockaded the 
 
72 Clauses with Postquam, Ut, Ubi, Cum. 
 
 narrow passes of the mountains so that the Helvetians 
 could not go out from their own territory. 6. We 
 fear the Germans because they are many in number 
 and very brave. 7. Inasmuch as Pompey had re- 
 mained with them, they feared nothing. 8. There 
 is (only) one man whom I despise. 9. There are ^^^ 
 many who know these things. \ 
 
 LESSON LYI. -^^kyv^ 
 
 Temporal Clauses : Clauses Introduced by post- 
 quam, ut, ubi, simul ac, ETC. — Clauses Intro- 
 duced BY cum. 
 
 §§287; 288, 1, A, B; 289. 
 
 170. VOCABULARY. 
 
 animadverts, ere, verti, ver- postquam, conj., after. 
 
 sus, / notice. recipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, 
 cognosco, ere, novi, nitus, / take back, receive; with 
 
 / lear7i. . ■ reflexive se, to retreat. 
 
 cum, conj,, ivhen. simul ac (atque), as soo7i 
 eicio, ere, jeci, jectus, / as. 
 
 thrust out ; se eicere, o'ush subdiico, ere, duxi, ductus, 
 
 forth. I withdraw., lead away. 
 
 peto, ere, Tvi (ii), itus, / ubi, rel. adv., when. 
 
 seek., request. ut, rel. adv., when. 
 
 171. 1. Galli cum nostros vidissent, in silvas fuge- 
 runt. 2. Ut equitatus noster se in agros ejecit, hostes 
 ex silvis exibant. 3. Eo die cum tu in senatu locutus 
 
 A .-4 ;j •'■ 
 
 es pltirimi aderant. 4. Cum venies, cognosces. 5. Si- 
 mul ac te vidi, auxilium tuum oravJ. 6. Caesar post- 
 
Clauses ivitli Postquam, Ut, Ubi, Cum. 73 
 
 r 
 quam id animadvertit, copias suas in collem proximum 
 siibdtixit. 7. Cum haec audivisset, abiit. 8. Caesar 
 ubi id comperit, se in Galliam celeriter recepit. 
 9. Cum ad id oppidum accessisset, puerl mulieresque 
 pacem petiverunt. 
 
 172. 1. As soon as he noticed the man, he went 
 away. 2. After we had been thrust out of Rome, I 
 went to Athens. 3. When he returns, I will tell him 
 the suspicions which I have. 4. As soon>as the 
 Romans advanced, the Gauls retreated. 5. When 
 the right wing surrendered, the rest of the army 
 fled. 6. When he heard these words, he was greatly 
 terrified. 7. After the cavalry had been overwhelmed, 
 Ariovistus withdrew his forces across the Rhine. 8. In 
 that year when Cicero was consul these plots were 
 discovered. 
 
 173. The Sword of Damocles. 
 
 Damocles, quidam ex assentatoribus Dionysii, ty- 
 ranni Syracusani, opes ejus et magnificentiam com- 
 memorabat. " Yisne igitur " inquit " fortunam meam 
 experiri?" Tum tyrannus jussit Damoclem in lecto 
 aureo coUocari. Aderant unguenta et coronae ; mensae 
 epulis exquisTtis atque vino instruebantur. Damocles 
 sibi forttinatus videbatur. Sed in medio apparatu 
 gladium super caput suum seta equina pendentem 
 videbat. Itaque ne^ manum quidem in- mensam 
 
 1 ne . . . quidem : not even. ^ 
 
 2 in mensam : toward the' table. 
 
74 Clauses with Antequam and Priusquam. ♦ 
 
 porrigere audebat, atque tyrannum oravit ut^ sibi 
 liceret abire. 
 
 LESSON LYII. ^ 
 
 Temporal Clauses: Clauses Introduced by Ante- 
 quam AXD Mjia^am; Clauses Introduced by 
 Dum, Doiiec, AND Quoad. I 
 
 §§ 291, 1, 2 ; 292 ; 293, I, II, III, 1, 2. 
 
 174. VOCABULARY. 
 
 ago, ere, egi, actus, I do. fuga, ae, i.^ flight. 
 
 antequam, conj., before. Massilia, ae, f., Marseilles. 
 
 Britannia, ae, f., Britain. perfero, ferre, tull, latus, / 
 delibero, \^ I deliberate^ con- convey.. - 
 
 suit. "" priusquam, conj., before. 
 
 Domitius, i(iT),m.,7>omi^ms, sentio, ire, sensi, sensus, / 
 
 a man's name. feel^ perceive, 
 
 dum, ichile : 2mtiL 
 
 V 175. 1 Sex dies exspectavimus dum tti advenlres. 
 2. Non prius fuga destiterimt quam ad Rhenum per- 
 venerunt. 3. Hunc collem occupat priusquam ab 
 adversariis sentiatur. 4. Caesar priusquam in Britan- 
 niam proficTsceretur, naves omnibus rebus mstruxit. 
 5.' Dum haec inter eos aguntur, Domitius Massiliam 
 pervenit. 6. Caesar exspectavit dum haec mandata 
 ad hostes perferrentur. 7. Non profecti sumus prius- 
 quam te de consilils nostris certiorem fecimus. 
 8. Dum copiae conveniunt, cum tribunis dellberavit. 
 
 1 ut sibi liceret: lit. that it be permitted to himself, i.e. that 
 he be permitted. 
 
Review. 75 
 
 176. 1. The commander waited until the whole 
 army should cross the river. 2. While the Romans 
 were advancing Ariovistns was conferring with the 
 other chiefs. 3. Caesar will wait until the rest of 
 the legions arrive. 4. While Domitius was absent 
 from Rome his slaves fled. 5. Before the captives 
 could beseech the barbarians (for) this they were 
 killed. 6. He spoke before he saw us. 7. I shall 
 remain at Marseilles until you come. 8. BefcX-e I go 
 I shall remind the senate of these dangers. 9. You 
 departed before I accomplished these things. 
 
 LESSON LVIII. 
 
 Review. 
 
 k77?) 1. Nolite haec f acere ! 2. Quare hic diu- 
 tius maneamus ? 3. Filii mandata patris sui perfi- 
 ciant ! 4. Timor mentes vestras ne occupet ! 5. Quid 
 aliud faceremus ? 6. Utinam te vidissem ! 7. Uti- 
 nam hostes ne adessent ! 8. Nemo haec credat. 
 9. Proficiscere ex liac urbe ! 10. Multos labores 
 passus sum ut te defenderem. 11. Hic remansT, quo 
 auxilio ejus diutius titerer. 12. Castella ibi collocavit 
 ne Galli suos circumvenire possent. 13. Quis est 
 qui haec dicere audeat ? 14. Amici mei tanta sunt 
 diligentia ut nihil neglegant. 15. Hostes simul atque 
 signa nostra viderunt, nuntios miserunt, qui pacem 
 peterent. 
 
76 
 
 Substantive Clauses. 
 
 LESSON LIX. 
 
 Substantive Clauses : Clauses Developed from 
 THE Jussive ; Clauses aftek, Verbs of Hin- 
 dering. 
 
 §§295,1,2,4; 295,3. 
 
 178. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 decerns, cernere, crevi, 
 cretus, I decree. 
 
 itaque, accordingly, and so. 
 
 ne, from (after verbs of hin- 
 dering) . 
 
 omnino, altogether ; with 
 negatives, at all. 
 
 permitto, ere, misi, missus, 
 . I permit, grant (§ 187, II). 
 
 prohibeo, ere, ui, itus, I hin- 
 der, prevent. 
 
 quominus, from (after verbs 
 of hindering). 
 
 reddo, ere, reddidi, reddi- 
 tus, / give back, return. 
 
 reicio, ere, rejeci, jectus, I 
 hurl back. [restore. 
 
 restituo, ere, uT, utus, / 
 
 1. Militibus imperavi ut lioc oppiclum oppug- 
 iiarent. 2. Me prohibuit quominus liaec restituerem. 
 3. . Eis imperat ne hoc llumen transeant. 4. Eos pro- 
 liibui ne exceclerent. 5. Decrevinius ut liae legiones 
 Khenum transportarentur. 6. Ariovistus equitibus 
 suis permisit ut agros Galloru:^ vexarent. 7. Itaque 
 Caesar suis praecepit'iie quod mnnino telum in liostes 
 reicerent. 8. Senatus decrevit ut Caesar legiones suas 
 dimitteret. 9. Hostes prohibuimus quominus Rhoda- 
 num translrent. 
 
 180. 1. He demands that the hostages be returned.' 
 2. I asked him to return the money to me. 3. Cicero 
 warned the senate not to neglect these dangers. 4. I 
 
Substantive Clauses. 77 
 
 permitted (to) him to retain his sword. 5. The senate 
 decreed that Cicero should defend the state. 6. Caesar 
 determined that his troops should join battle im- 
 mediately. 7. Death prevented him from becoming 
 consul. 8. The light-armed horsemen hindered the 
 Helvetians from bringing together suflBcient. grain and,y 
 forage. 9. He persuaded me to remain at Marseilles. 
 
 LESSON LX. "» 
 
 Substantive Clauses Developed from the Opta- 
 tive. — Substantive Clauses of Kesult. — 
 Indirect Questions. 
 
 §§ 296, 1, 2 ; 297, 1, 2 ; 300, 1, a, b. 
 
 181. V^ VOCABULARY. 
 
 a, ab, prep, w, abl., from, of. primo, fij'st, ^firstly. 
 
 efficio, ere, feci, fectus, I quaere, ere. quaeslvi, quae- 
 
 do, bring about. situs, linquire. 
 
 legatio, oiiis, f., embassy. quantus, a, um, how great ? 
 
 luna, ae, f., moon. resciiido, ere. rescidi, re- 
 -ne. enclitic interrog. parti- scissus, I tear down. 
 
 cle ; in indirect questions, sic, so. 
 
 whether. tergum, i, n., back. 
 
 num, in indirect questions, ut. w. verbs of fearing, ^/mi nof. 
 
 vhether. verto, ere. verti, versus, I 
 opto, 1, I desire. turn; terga vertere, .^ee. 
 
 182. 1. Eos rogavi num German! Rhenum jam 
 transiissent. 2. Timeo ne nostri perfugiant. 3. Primo 
 a te quaero hujusne legationis princeps sis. 4. Caesar 
 magnopere timebat ne sui perfugerent. 5. Eadem nocte 
 
78 Substantive Clauses. ' 
 
 accidit ut liina plena esset. 6. Timemus ut legiones 
 impetum barbarorum sustineant. 7. Ab his perfugis 
 quaesivl quae et quantae civitates in armis essent. 
 
 8. Optamus ut llberi sitis. 9. Sic effecit ut hunc 
 regem in potestate sua haberet. 10. Praeterea vere- 
 batur ne hostes pontem rescinderent. 11. Ita factum 
 est ut hostes statim terga verterent. 
 
 183. 1. I desire that he may not find me here. 
 2. It happened that he had remained in the city on 
 that day. 3. We brought it about that this danger 
 was averted from the citizens. 4. He fears that we 
 will not go with him.^ 5. He desires that we seek 
 another home with our wives and children. 6. I asked 
 him what he was doing with the money. 7. First he 
 asked whether he ought to praise these boys. 8. It 
 cannot ^ be determined in which year Caesar was born. 
 
 9. It happened that ships and men were lacking. 
 
 184. The Boy and the Dolphin. Part I. 
 
 Est in Africa colonia, marl proxima; adjacet stag- 
 num, in quo pueri natant. Hie puer est victor qui 
 aequales longissime^ relinquit. 
 
 In hoc certamine puer quidam ceteris^ audacior in 
 ulteriora^ tendebat. Delphlnus occurrit et nunc prae- 
 
 1 ' With him' : secum ; § 244, II ; 142, 4. 
 
 - ' It cannot ' : non potest. ^ longissime : farthest hehind, 
 
 "* ceteris audacior : bolder than the rest ; § 217. 
 
 ^ in ulteriora : to a greater distance. 
 
Conditioyial Sentences. 79 
 
 cedit puerum, nunc sequitur, nunc circumit ; postremo 
 subit profertque in altum; mox reddit terrae et 
 aequalibus. 
 
 LESSOR LXI. 
 
 Conditional Sentences. — Clauses with Quamvia 
 
 AND Quamquam. 
 
 §§ 301 ; 302, 1; 303 ; 304, 1 ; 309 ; 309, 1, 2, 3. 
 
 185. VOCABULARY. ^ 
 
 Atticus, 1, m., Atticus. pateo. ere, m, lie open. 
 
 cum, conj., though. quamquam, although. 
 
 immortalis, e, immortal. quamvis, though., although. 
 
 incertus, a, um, uncertain. si, if. 
 
 mors, tis, f., death. valeo. ere, ui, valiturus, I 
 nisij_M«Zess. avails prevail. 
 
 ^^ \ 1. Quamvis nemo veniat, manebo. 2. Si 
 mititefs^ bono animosunj], est spes viptoriae. ,df. Atticus 
 honores non Jetiit, cum ei paterent. 4. Si Eomam, 
 venies, me videbis. 5. Quamvis victoria incerta sit, 
 ducem ne deseramus. 6. Si Romam veniatis, nos 
 videatis. 7. Si mihi hoc dixisses, non profectus essem. 
 8. RomanI, quamquam vulneribus confecti erant, im- 
 petum liostium sustinebant. 9. Mors non est timenda, 
 si animus immortalis est. 10. Nisi auctoritas mea 
 valuisset, nunc liberl non ^semus. 
 
 »ft7. f . If you witlidraw.^^om the fort, you will be 
 killed by the enemy. 2. Would you wish to remain 
 here if you could? -3. Unless you reply,^ I shall 
 
 M 
 
 \ 3,^2617.-2^^ 
 
80 Indirect Discourse. ' 
 
 not write to you. 4, If he had arrived one day before, 
 he would have seen the king. 5. Though he may be 
 very courageous, he will not alwa^^^s conquer. 6. Caesar 
 did not permit us to return home, although we de- 
 sired to do so. 7. If my father were here, I should be 
 quite happy. 8. If the embassy comes to^ him before 
 the Kalends of April, the battle will not occur. 
 
 188. The Boy and the Dolphin. Part II. 
 
 Serpit per coloniam fama ; concurrunt omnes ; 
 puerum interrogant, audiunt,^ narrant.^ Postero die 
 litus obsident, prospectant mare. Natant puerl, inter 
 hos ille,^ sed cautius. 
 
 Delphinus rursus ad puerum venit. Fugit ille cum 
 ceteris. Delphinus puerum invitat et revocat. Puer 
 iterum tergo insilit ; fertur atque refertur. Neuter 
 timet, neuter timetur. 
 
 LESSON LXII. 
 
 Indirect Discourse. 
 
 §§314, 1; 270, 1, a-c; 318. 
 
 189. VOCABULARY. 
 
 amicus, a, um, friendly. existimo, 1, 1 think, consider. 
 
 arbitror, trari, tratus sum, incolo. ere. coluT, cultus, / 
 
 / consider. inhahit. 
 
 cogo, ere, coegi, coactus, infirmus, a, um, weak. 
 
 I collect. teneo, ere, ui, I hold. 
 
 1 § 261, 2. 2 audiunt : hear (his story). 
 
 ' ^narrant : tell {the story to others). *ille : i.e. the boy. 
 
Indirect Discourse. 81 
 
 190. 1. Nemo putat hoc oppidum expugnarl posse. 
 '2. Nuiitiatur Gallos eum collem, quern occupaverint, 
 communivisse. 3. Nuntiatuin est Gallos eum collem 
 commimivisse quern occupavissent. 4. Caesar intel- 
 lexit Ariovistum se castris tenere. 5. Nimtius dixit 
 montem, quem Caesar occupari voluisset, ab hostibus 
 teaeri. 6. Existimo has legiones, quae modo adve- 
 nerint, mfirmas esse.. 7. Caesar arbitrabatur has civi- 
 tates sibi amicas esse. 8. Num putavistisN eos, qui 
 hos agros incolerent, discessiiros esse ? 
 
 191. 1. I consider that those who inhabit Italy are 
 fortunate. 2. Do you think that Caesar was a good 
 man ? 3. I said that the Helvetians who left their 
 homes were conquered by Caesar. 4. I think that 
 Athens will never be a larger city than Rome. 5. He 
 says that Lentulus and his friends had resolved to 
 set Rome on fire. 6. They thought that the Ger- 
 mans had departed by another road. 7. I have said 
 that the fortune of war is always uncertain. 8. He 
 thought that when he arrived at Athens, which is^ a 
 large and beautiful city, he would be happy and con- 
 tented. 
 
 1 § 314, 3. 
 
82 The Infinitive. 
 
 LESSON LXIII. 
 
 The Infinitive. 
 
 §§ 326; 327, 1; 328, 1, 2; 329; 330; 331, I, II; 335. 
 
 192. VOCABULARY. 
 
 constat, impers., it is evi- necesse est, impers., it is 
 
 dent. necessary. 
 
 Justus, a, ura.^ just. reverter, i(§ 114, 3), 7 re^?(ni. 
 
 193. 1. Necesse erat multa eodem tempore facere. 
 
 2. Hae legiones ex liibernis egredi non ausae sunt. 
 
 3. In proelio necesse est forteni esse. 4. Hostes ex 
 omnibus partibus lapides in vallum conicere. 5. Volu- 
 mus justi esse. 6. Conamini boni esse. 7. Oportet 
 nos statim proficlsci. 8. Jussit naves comparari. 
 9. Milites jussit ordines servare. 10. Constat mag- 
 num numerum barbarorum ad castra venisse. 11. Ne- 
 cesse est nos baec castra communire. 12. Nonne licet 
 in urbem revert! ? 
 
 194. 1. It is the duty of Koman soldiers to figlit 
 bravely for their leader and their country. 2. It is 
 often necessary to ask kindnesses of our friends. 
 
 3. The senate decided to send two legions to Pompey. 
 
 4. It is evident that the Romans are braver than the 
 Germans. 5. Many men think that Caesar will never 
 return to Rome. 6. The commander ordered the 
 cavalry to ravage the fields of the Sequani. 7. It 
 behooves me to go immediately into Spain. 8. The 
 
The Infinitive. 83 
 
 soldiers do not dare to attack Ariovistus because of 
 the size of his forces. 
 
 195. "If You Want a Thixg Done, — ." 
 
 Avicula est parva; nomen est cassita. Habitat in 
 segetibus. Quaedam cassita, cum iret cibuni^ pullis 
 quaesltum, monebat eos ut^ animadverterent, si^ quid 
 novi fieret. 
 
 Dominus agrl postea f ilium vocat. "^\clesne?" 
 inquit, "Hoc frumentum jam maturum est. Idcirco 
 amicos roga ut^ veniant atque nos adjuvent." Pulli 
 hoc audiunt atque orant matrem ut se^ in alium locum 
 portet. Mater jubet eos a timore otiosos esse. " Si 
 enim dominus," inquit, "amicls fidit, eras seges non 
 metetur." 
 
 Die postero igitur mater in pabulum volat. Sol 
 fervet, dies abit, nec^ ulli amici ad dominum veniunt. 
 
 Turn dominus rursus ad fllium, "Amici isti," inquit, 
 "cessatores sunt. Prima luce affer falces et nos ipsi 
 mauibus nostris eras metemus." 
 
 Ubi mater ex pullis id audivit, "Tempus," inquit, 
 " cedendi'' et abeundi." 
 
 Itaque cassita migravit et seges a domino ipso 
 atque filio demessa est. 
 
 1 cibum pullis quaesltum : to seek food for its young. 
 - ut aiiimadverterent : to notice. 
 
 3 SI quid novi: if anything new, lit. of new ; § 201, 2. 
 
 4 ut veiiiant : to come. ^ se : them, the birds. 
 6 nee uUi : and no, lit. nor any. 
 
 "^ cedendi: to be withdraioing, lit. of withdrawing. 
 
84 Participles. 
 
 LESSON LXIV. 
 
 Participles. 
 
 §§336,1,2,3,4; 337,2,4. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 casus, us, m., cliance, danger. pello, ere, pepuli, pulsus, / 
 
 conspicio, ere, spexi, spec- drive back. 
 
 tus, / see. perdo, ere, didi, ditus, 1 
 
 experior, iri, pertus sum, / lose. 
 
 try, test. submitto, ere, misi, missus, 
 
 fugo, 1, I put to flight. I send, despatch. 
 
 laboro, 1, I toil ; in battle, Tarquinius, i (il), m., Tar- 
 he hard pressed. quin, a Roman king. 
 
 197. 1. Hic miles in prima acie pugnans interfectus 
 est. 2. Multis vulneribus confecti, ducem non deserui- 
 mus. 3. Nostri hostes ex castris egredientes adorti 
 sunt. 4. Vocatus statim venit. 5. Eqnites pulsos 
 fugavimus.^ 6. Virtutem vestram, mllites, multis 
 proeliis expertus, vos nunc ad alios casus voco. 7. Tar- 
 quinius Ardeam oppugnans regnum perdidit. 8. Hos 
 captivos tuendos reliquit. 9. Eis, quos laborantes 
 conspexit, subsidium submisit. 
 
 198. 1. The Komans attacking sharply routed the 
 enemy. 2. Tarquin, thrust out of the city by the 
 people, returned with an army. 3. Departing from 
 Italy, I set out for Marseilles. 4. Caesar, fearing an 
 
 1 Lit. 'we routed . . . having been driven back'; i.e. we 
 drove back and routed. 
 
TJie G-erund. — The Grerundive. 
 
 85 
 
 ambush, withdrew. 5. Ariovistus advanced, ravaging 
 the fields and setting the towns on fire. 6. He says 
 that he will delay ten days, awaiting aid from his 
 allies. 7. Cicero having spoken a few words had 
 touched the hearts of the citizens. 
 
 LESSON LXV. 
 The Gerund. — The Gerundive. — The Supine. 
 
 §§ 338, 1, a-c ; 338, 3 ; 338, 4, «, h ; 339, 1, 2 ; 340, 1, 2. 
 
 199. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 alacer, oris, ere, eager. 
 
 antecedo, ere, cessi, cessu- 
 rus, I go ahead, precede. 
 
 causa, abl., for the sake of; 
 the dependent genitive pre- 
 cedes causa. 
 
 consector, ari, atus sum, I 
 follow up. 
 
 explore, 1, I examine. 
 
 iter, itineris, n., loay. 
 praedo, onis, m., robber; 
 
 praedo maritimus, pirate. 
 reddo, ere, reddidi, red- 
 
 ditus, I rejider, make. 
 Themistocles, is, m., The- 
 
 mistocles., an Athenian 
 
 statesman. 
 tutus, a, um, safe. 
 
 200. 1. Haec dicendd milites ad pugnandum ala- 
 criores ef fecit. 2. Tempus ad proelium committendum 
 alienuni fuit. 3. Hi legati cum Caesare collocutum 
 vengrunt. 4. Nulla fuit occasio discedendi. 5. Dux 
 ipse ad itinera exploranda antecessit. 6. Urbis ser* 
 vandae causa magnam ^ pecuniam dedimus. 7. The- 
 mistocles maritimos praedones consectando, mare 
 
 1 The Latin has magna pecunia, where we say ' much 
 money.' 
 
86 Review. 
 
 tutum^ reddidit. 8. Ad hoc oppidum oppugnandum 
 e silvls egreditiir. 9. Caesar in his locis iiavium 
 parandarum causa morabatur. 
 
 201. 1. This boy is fond of hearing everything^ that 
 is said. 2. The labor of following up the deserters 
 was very great. 3. By fortifying the camp, Caesar 
 kept off the Gauls. 4. By using great diligence we 
 found out the names of the envoys. 5. Cicero wrote 
 much concerning writing and speaking well. 6. It 
 was the best thing to say. 7. It is a beautiful city 
 to see. 8. The envoys were sent to Pompey to ask 
 for peace. 
 
 LESSON LXVI. 
 Review. 
 
 202. 1. Oramus ut finem dicendi facias. 2. Yeri- 
 tus est ne omnia amitteret. 3. Tim emus ut nobis sit 
 satis praesidi. 4. Tibi praecepi ne haec officia neg- 
 legeres. 5. Nobis imperat ut tela paremus. 6. Acci- 
 dit ut pauci incolumes redirent. 7. Optamus ne 
 quis effugiat. 8. Te rogavi quem locum delegisses. 
 9. Caesar Ariovistum rogavit quam ob rem Rhenum 
 transiisset. 10. Si haec dlxisses, laetus fuissem. 
 11. Intellegimus omnes homines natura libertatem 
 amare. 12. Caesar intellegebat quanto cum perlculo 
 id fecisset. 13. Belli Inferendl causa a Gallia in 
 Britanniam Insulam transiit. 
 
 1 § 177, 2. 2 Omnia ; § 236, 1. 
 
ENGLISH-LATIN EXERCISES 
 
 ON 
 
 LESSONS I-XXXV. 
 
 LESSON I. 
 
 203. 1. To the province ; of the provinces ; of a prov- ^^j^irS 
 
 ihce. 2. Daughters ; to the daughter ; of the daughter, 
 d By victory ; of victory ; of victories. 4. To the is- 
 lands ; of the island; islands. 5. Of diligence; with 
 diligence;' to diligence. 6. Provinces; of the prov- 
 ince ; to the provinces. 7. By the troops ; to the 
 troops ; of the troops. 8. The troops seize the 
 province. 9. He reports the victory. 10. We praise 
 the islands^. 11. Lucretia guards her daughters^ 12. I 
 procure troops with the money. 13. He guards the 
 coast of Gaul. 
 
 LESSON IL 
 
 204. 1. To the children; of the children; by the 
 children. 2. Of the messenger ; messengers; by mes- 
 sengers. 3. To the field ; of the fields ; to the fields. 
 4. Of the son; to the sons. 5. Of the boy ; to the boy ; 
 of the boys. 6. The messengers report the number of 
 victories. 7. I am a captive. 8. The boys are sons 
 
 87 
 
 *o y\o-v 
 
 X 
 
88 English- Latin Exercises. 
 
 of the Gaul. 9. The messengers are Latins. 10. The 
 troops procure money and swords. 11. The Romans 
 guard the prisoners. 
 
 / LESSON IIL 
 
 205. 1. A great war; of great wars; to the great 
 war. 2. The neighboring towns ; of a neighboring 
 town; to the neighboring towns. 3. By many chil- 
 dren ; to many children ; of many children. 4. Small 
 numbers ; by small numbers ; of a small number. 
 
 5. Of the beautiful daughter ; to beautiful daughters. 
 
 6. Good boys ; to the good boy ; to the good boys. 
 
 7. Many troops attack the town. 3- The number of 
 prisoners is large. 9. The island is large and beauti- 
 ful. 10. They get ready many beasts of burden and 
 much forage. 11. The neighboring provinces contelid 
 in many battles. 12. The daughter of Lucretia is 
 beautiful. 
 
 y^ LESSON lY. 
 
 206. 1. Good fathers ; to good fathers ; of the good 
 father. 2. To the great king; of the great king; of 
 
 . great kings. 3. To many consuls ; of many consuls ; 
 many consuls. 4. To the praise of Caesar; by the 
 praise of Caesar. 5. To the soldier ; to the safety of 
 the soldiers. 6. The father of the king; to the father 
 of the king. 7. Peace and safety are the rewards of 
 victory. 8.. I present money to the father of the sol- 
 dier. 9. The great king sets the captives free. 
 10. The little sons of the consul are hostages. 
 
Enfjlish- Latin Exercises. 89 
 
 11. The Germans praise the valor of the Roman 
 soldiers and entreat peace. 12. The valor of the 
 commander is great. 
 
 LESSON V. 
 
 207. 1. High hills ; of the high hills. 2. To the 
 small fleet ; of small fleets ; to small fleets. 3. Of 
 German tribes ; to a German tribe ; to German tribes. 
 
 4. Neighboring shores ; to neighboring shores ; of 
 neighboring shores. 5. Of the citizens ; of a citizen ; 
 to a citizen. ('). To the beautiful cities ; of a beautiful 
 city ; of beautiful cities. 7. Ariovistus calls together 
 the German cavalry. 8. The hills are large and high. 
 9. Terror seizes the minds of the citizens. 10. Caesar 
 contends in battle with ^ Ariovistus and the Germans. 
 11. The Roman infantry seize the town. 12. Many 
 German tribes entreat peace. ^ 
 
 LESSON yi. 
 
 208. 1. To the large army; of large armies; with 
 large armies. 2. To the right wing; of the right 
 wing. 3. Of small things ; by a small thing ; con- 
 cerning small things. 4. To the neighboring harbor ; 
 in- the neighboring harbor; of neighboring harbors. 
 
 5. Of the beautiful day ; to a beautiful day ; concern- 
 
 1 Where ' with ' is followed by a word referring to a person, 
 the preposition cum must be used in Latin. 
 
 ■^ English ' in ' must regularly be rendered in Latin by the 
 preposition in. 
 
90 English-Latin Exercises. 
 
 ing beautiful days. 6. Great hopes ; of great hope ; 
 hj great hope. 7. Caesar places the cavalry on tlie 
 right wing. 8. By their valor and loyalty the troops 
 win the victory. 9. Four legions with cavalry attack 
 the town. 10. I am in doubt concerning the valor of 
 the infantry. 11. The troops seize the harbors and 
 ravage the coasts. 12. Marcus praises the loyalty of 
 the soldiers. 
 
 LESSOIS" VII. 
 
 209. 1. Of the whole senate; to the whole senate; 
 concerning the whole senate. 2. On^ another island; 
 of another island. 3. Concerning other regions ; of 
 other regions. 4. Without any hope ; any hopes ; of 
 any hope. 5. Of no harbors ; to no harbor ; in no 
 harbor. 6. To no danger; of no dangers. 7. The 
 Belgians lay waste the neighboring regions. 8. With- 
 out loyalty and valor there is no hope of safety. 
 9. The citizens avoid the dangers of war. 10. The 
 Romans and Germans contend in^ a cavalry battle. 
 11. The foot-soldiers announce the victory. 12. We 
 praise the valor of the whole line of battle. ) 
 
 LESSON YIII. 
 
 210. 1. Of the noble young man ; to noble young 
 men ; to a noble young man. 2, All men ; to all men. 
 3. Of the common safety; concerning the common 
 
 1 Express by in. 
 
 2 Do not use any preposition to translate ' in ' ; the simple 
 ablative is here sufficient. 
 
EnglUlL- Lathi Exercises. 91 
 
 safety ; to the common safety. 4. Of an old friend ; 
 without an old friend ; to old friends. 5. With the 
 happy citizens ; of happy citizens ; to a happy citizen. 
 
 6. Such dangers ; by such dangers ; of such danger. 
 
 7. The senate presents beautiful standards to the 
 legion. 8. A noble young man reports the victory 
 to the senate. 9. Such honors are the reward of 
 loyalty. 10. He places the cavalry in the other line 
 of battle. 11. The Romans conquer powerful tribes 
 without danger. 12. The whole army is happy on 
 account of the victory. 
 
 LESSOR IX. 
 
 211. 1. Of a more vigorous leader ; to more vigor- 
 ous leaders ; of the most vigorous leader. 2. On 
 account of the most severe penalties ; of severer pen- 
 alties ; to a severer penalty. 3. Concerning the best 
 man ; of the best man ; to a better man. 4. Of shorter 
 lives ; of the shortest life. 5. The nearest camp ; 
 of a nearer camp. 6. By the farther gate; of the 
 farther gate. 7. Caesar is a better leader than Ario- 
 vistus. 8. There are many legions in the larger camp. 
 9. The Belgians are bravest of all the Gauls. 10. The 
 soldiers attack the smaller camp. 11. We get ready 
 very great forces. 
 
 LESSOX X. 
 
 212. 1. Beautifully; more bravely; most often. 
 2. Most bravely ; more nobly. 3. Of one city ; to one 
 chief. 4. With two hundred soldiers ; of thirty towns ; 
 
92 English- Latiyi Exercises. 
 
 to two hundred boys. 5. With two hundred horse- 
 men ; of a hundred slaves ; to two hundred men. 
 
 6. Two hundred Komans defeat two thousand Gauls. 
 
 7. A hundred horsemen most easily check the attack 
 of the enemy. 8. The soldiers fight more fiercely and 
 bravely. 9. A thousand cavalry contend in battle. 
 10. We guard the three captives. 
 
 LESSON XII. 
 
 213. 1. Of thee; to me; without me; concerning 
 thee; of me. 2. To us; of you; with us ; to you; of 
 us. 3. To thyself ; of myself ; concerning himself ; of 
 themselves ; to myself. 4. Of my memory ; by my 
 kindness ; to my slave. 5. To your kindnesses ; of 
 your wrongs ; of your reward. 6. Of their arms ; to 
 his father; with her daughter. 7. The fleet explores 
 these coasts and islands. 8. In this narrow pass 
 Caesar defeats the Sequani. 9. He presents rewards to 
 these noble young men 10. My soldiers easily avoid 
 all these plots and dangers. 11. This father calls his 
 daughters to himself. 12. Our horsemen fight with 
 their swords. 
 
 LESSOiSr XIII. 
 
 (214.y 1. Of the consul himself; to Caesar himself; 
 with the soldiers themselves. 2. To the same man; 
 with the same boy ; of the same brothers. 3. To that 
 battle; of those battles; by those horses. 4. To 
 Lucretia herself; of you yourselves. 5. By those 
 victories ; of that opinion ; to that slave. 6. He often 
 
English- Lati7i Exercises. 93 
 
 attempts the same thing. 7. On ^ the march itself the 
 army easily procures grain and forage. 8. This legion 
 passes the winter in the same camp. 9. The speed of 
 that horse is great. 10. There are many slaves in that 
 army. 11. In the same town are two hundred Gauls. 
 
 LESSON XIV. 
 
 215. 1. Of any one ;' to any one ; with any one. 2. Of 
 whom ? to whom ? 3. With a certain man ; of a cer- 
 tain city ; by certain kindnesses. 4. Of any river ; to 
 any shore ; by any reward. 5. What man ? What 
 town ? In what city ? 6. Of any man you please ; 
 to any men you please. 7. The senate approves cer- 
 tain conditions of surrender. 8. Caesar calls a certain 
 horseman to himself. 9. The commander praises the 
 soldiers who attack this town. 10. Caesar calls the 
 chiefs of these tribes to himself. 11. We seize a 
 certain high hill. 
 
 LESSON XV. 
 
 216. 1. They were; we shall be; I have been. 
 2. He had been ; thou art ; I shall be. 3. We were ; 
 you will have been; thou wilt be. 4. They had been; 
 we shall have been ; you are. 5. Thou wast ; you 
 have been ; I shall have been. 6. You will be ; I 
 was ; thou hast been. 7. Where will the standards 
 be? 8. I have often been in the trench. 9. Be- 
 fore this town was a large camp. 10. They have 
 
 1 Use in. 
 
94 English- Latiyi Exercises. 
 
 been in this same city. 11. The men who announce 
 the victory to the senate are swift horsemen. 12. There 
 were high mountains in that province. 
 
 LESSON XVI. 
 
 217. 1. We should be ; we should have been. 2. You 
 would be ; be ye ; about to be. 3. They shall be ; let 
 us be. 4. May you be ; ye shall be ; to be. 5. To 
 be about to be; be thou; thou wouldst have been. 
 6. Thou shalt be; to have been. 7. 'Under another 
 commander the soldiers would not be contented^ 
 8. We should all be contented under Caesar. 9. Let 
 there be no peace between us. 10. Your advice 
 would have been good. 11. Ycu would be happier in 
 another town. 
 
 // LESSON XVII. 
 
 218. 1. They administer; he was administering; I 
 shall administer. 2. He demands ; you will demand ; 
 we had demanded. 3. Thou wilt have called ; they 
 have called; you call. 4. They were entreating; I 
 entreat; Ave shall entreat. 5. They had approved; 
 you will have approved ; we have approved. 6. Why 
 have the troops passed the winter in Gaul ? 7. He 
 who shall show kindness to a (fellow) citizen will 
 win the reward. 8. You, (my) brave soldiers, have 
 won the victory. 9. We have reported this battle. 
 
 10. Terror had seized the minds of all these men 
 
 11. Who will approve that plan ? 
 
English-Latin Exercises. ' 95 
 
 LESSOX XVIII. 
 
 219.' 1. We slioulcl have placed; let us place; they 
 would place. 2. Praise ye; about to praise; to 
 -have praised. 3. Let him doubt; they would have 
 doubted. 4. May I free ; I should have freed.- 5. To 
 have refused ; refusinij ; about to refuse ; by refusing. 
 
 6. By fighting you would have conquered the enemy. 
 
 7. By attacking vigorously they would have conquered. 
 
 8. Let him attempt to free this city. 9. We should 
 have attacked this town without any danger. 10. Ee- 
 fuse these rewards, soldiers ! 
 
 LESSO]^ XIX. 
 
 220. 1. We are blamed ; I was blamed ; they will 
 be blamed. 2. It was announced ; it has been an- 
 nounced. 3. You are freed ; we shall be freed ; I 
 have been freed. 4. They have been checked; we 
 were checked ; he is checked. 5. I shall be guarded ; 
 we have been guarded ; you have been guarded. 
 6. They were asked ; I had been asked ; we shall 
 have been asked. 7. The number of our soldiers will 
 be reported to the Germans. 8. You will all be 
 praised. 9. These brave soldiers have not been 
 defeated. 10. That victory will be announced. 
 11. Many .towns of the Belgians and other Gauls 
 had been assaulted. 12. Peace had been established 
 with the neighboring states. 
 
96 English- Latin Exercises. 
 
 LESSON XX. 
 
 .221. 1. Let them be placed ; I should have been 
 pla^ced. 2. Let them be checked ; they would have 
 been checked. 3. I should have been asked; having 
 been asked. 4. To have been called ; they would 
 have been called. 5. To be guarded ; we should have 
 been guarded. 6. To be approved ; having been 
 approved ; to have been approved. 7. Such loyalty 
 would scarcely have been expected. 8. Let the cus- 
 toms and discipline of our ancestors be preserved. 
 
 9. I should have attempted to free this prisoner. 
 
 10. Large armies must be got ready with the greatest 
 speed. 11. Without you this town would not have 
 been captured. 
 
 LESSON XXII. 
 
 222. lo We remain; he has remained; you will 
 remain. 2. Let him move; moving; move thou. 
 
 3. May I see ; to have seen ; they would have seen. 
 
 4. You order; we Avere ordering; about to order. 
 
 5. By ordering ; they had ordered ; I shall have or- 
 dered. 6. I had owed ; we have owed ; they were 
 owing. 7. Let us increase the number of our foot- 
 soldiers and cavalry. 8. I shall command you to 
 remain in this town. 9. The opportune arrival of the 
 general has increased the terror of our enemies. 
 
 10. These four legions will keep off the Germans. 
 
 11. Who moved the camp from this place ? 12. I 
 shall attempt to see you. 
 
JEn c/ It sh- Latin Exercises. 97 
 
 t 
 
 LESSON XXIII. 
 
 223. 1. I was kept away ; let him be kept away ; 
 to have been kept away. 2. We had been terrified ; 
 they will have been terrified ; he would have been ter- 
 rified. 3. You are ordered ; he had been ordered. 
 4. He has been ordered ; they were ordered. 5. They_ 
 have seemed ; it seems ; to seem. 6. The cavalry of 
 the enemy had been seen in this place. T. These bar- 
 barians seemed to be greatly terrified. 8. I appear to 
 be about to remain here for a long time. 9. The num- 
 ber of the troops was quickly increased. 10. The 
 onset of the barbarians had been bravely withstood 
 by the Romans. 11. Let the loyalty of these citizens 
 be increased by praise and rewards. 
 
 LESSO]^ XXIV. 
 
 \ 224.] 1. Thou wast determining ; he will determine ; 
 to have determined. 2. We distribute ; you were dis- 
 tributing ; they have distributed. 3. Let us distrib- 
 ute ; distributing ; by distributing. 4. He conquers ; 
 you will conquer ; we were conquering, o. I have 
 conquered; they will have conquered; conquer ye. 
 
 6. You had left; they will leave; he was leaving. 
 
 7. Let them hasten immediately into that province. 
 
 8. Caesar had drawn up his troops on the plain in 
 front of the fortification. 9. The Sequani were waging 
 war with the Germans. 10. We determined to place 
 our infantry behind the fortifications. 11. In the 
 middle of the plain a large hill was seen. 
 
98 Mnglisli- Latin Exercises, 
 
 LESSON XXV. 
 
 225. 1. He is led; I was led; thou wilt be led. 
 2. We are led; you were led; they will be led. 3. 1 
 shall be summoned; you will have been summoned; 
 we have been summoned. 4. I had been sent; he 
 has been sent ; we shall have been sent. 5. May he 
 be left ; you would have been left ; to be left. 6. The 
 rest of the allies were left behind. 7. War will be 
 waged against the Gauls. 8. All the grain had been 
 
 'consumed. 9. We shall be forced to fit out another 
 fleet. 10. The legion which had already been sent 
 against Ariovistus was conquered. 11. He would 
 easily have led forth the infantry and drawn them 
 up in a long line of battle. 
 
 LESSON XXVL 
 
 226. 1. We discover ; they were discovering ; he 
 will discover. 2. Let him discover ; discovering ; 
 you would have discovered. 3. I was hindering; 
 they have hindered; you will hinder. 4. To have 
 hindered ; of hindering ; I should have hindered. 
 5. You hear ; we shall hear ; thou hast heard. G. He 
 will have heard ; they had heard ; hear ye. 7. All 
 the legions will come together to the same place. 
 8. I shall afterwards fortify this camp. 9. The rest 
 of the tribes come together from all sides and hinder 
 the march of the Romans. 10. Let us hear the words 
 of the great king. 11. You have already found out 
 
Eyiglish- Latin Exercises. 99 
 
 the nature of this place. 12. He will come suddenly 
 and quickly. 
 
 LESSON XXVII. 
 
 227. 1. It will be found ; to have been found ; it 
 has been found. 2. We shall be hindered ; I have 
 been hindered. 3. We have been hindered ; they will 
 have been hindered. 4. I shall be heard ; thou art 
 heard ; may you be heard. 5. We had been sur- 
 rounded ; you have been surrounded ; they had been 
 surrounded. 6. They rashly ran forward beyond the 
 fortifications and were surroimded. 7. The voice of 
 the people is not always the voice of God. 8. The 
 children have been found in this forest. 9. Almost 
 all the deserters will be discovered and led back. 
 10. That town is surrounded by a deep ditch. 11. The 
 approach of the other cohorts has been hindered. 
 
 LESSON XXVIII. 
 
 228. 1, You capture ; to be captured ; may you be 
 captured. 2. He was making ; let him make ; I sh?Jl 
 make. 3. You will be received ; we are received ; we 
 should have been received. 4. To have been received ; 
 let them be received ; you are received. 5. He will 
 be killed ; he has killed ; she had been killed ; we 
 had killed. 6. They retreated ; he will retreat ; to 
 have retreated. 7. That woman was killed by this 
 base man. 8. The army of Ariovistus retreated 
 across the Rhine. 9. The bridge had been defended 
 
100 English -Latm Exercises . 
 
 by one brave soldier. 10. The barbarians who were 
 plundering this province fled. 11. The slaves were 
 led back to the city whence they had escaped. 
 12. Caesar surrounded and captured that whole 
 tribe. 
 
 LESSON XXIX. 
 
 229. 1. I was attempting ; we shall attempt ; you 
 have attempted. 2. They attempt ; thou wilt attempt ; 
 he was attempting. 3. They have complained ; you 
 had complained ; we shall have complained. 4. You 
 will complain ; he complains ; we were complaining. 
 5. Let us march out; they have marched out; you 
 would have marched out. 6. To have marched out; 
 we should have marched out. 7. We have dared 
 to attempt this journey. 8. They marched out with 
 their arms and standards. 9. Caesar was conferring 
 with Ariovistus concerning the terms of surrender. 
 10. Ariovistus attempted to call together the Ger- 
 3ian tribes. 11. After five months the Helvetians 
 were compelled to return to their own territory. 
 
 LESSON XXX. 
 
 230. 1. We are about to call ; he will be about to 
 call ; they had been about to call. 2. The old insti- 
 tutions and manners must be preserved. 3. He had 
 been about to hand over the royal power to Caesar. 
 4. The Germans who had remained across the Ehine 
 were about to send aid to Ariovistus. 5. He is about 
 to ask help. 
 
Mnglish- Latin Exercises. 101 
 
 LESSOK XXXII. 
 
 231. 1. He was absent ; I shall be absent. 2. He 
 is able 5 to have been able ; you will have been able. 
 3. He has been able ; we should be able. 4. I have 
 been in charge of ; we were in charge of ; you would 
 have been in charge of. 5. Let them be present ; we 
 are present ; they will be present. 6. Let us give ; 
 we should give ; give ye. 7. An ample supply of 
 grain was at hand in these winter quarters. 8. All 
 hope of safety will be far distant. 9. You are in 
 charge of a few men who have been left behind. 
 10. Why has his confidence failed ? 11. You will 
 scarcely be able to see the mountains.. 
 
 LESSOX XXXIII.:.' ' J* \ ,'>^ 
 
 
 > > ) ) 
 
 232. 1. He endures; we shall endure ; they endured. 
 2. You will have endured ; he was enduring ; they 
 endure. 3. May you bring ; he has brought. 4. To 
 have brought ; about to bring ; of bringing. 5. It will 
 be borne ; let them be borne ; they would have been 
 borne. 6. They have been brought back ; you will 
 have been brought back ; we had been brought back. 
 7. So many calamities can scarcely be endured. 8. A 
 report of the uprising was straightway brought to 
 Caesar. 9. In the meanwhile Caesar received the 
 deserters who had betaken themselves to him. 
 10. You bravely endure all the dangers of this 
 journey. 
 
102 English- Latin Exercises, 
 
 LESSON XXXIV. 
 
 233. 1. Tliou art willing ; we were willing ; they 
 were willing. 2. He will be willing; lie is willing; 
 they have been willing. 3. We were unwilling; I 
 shall be unwilling. 4. To have been unwilling ; you 
 are unwilling; he had been unwilling. 5. Let him 
 prefer; we should have preferred; to, prefer. 6. I 
 preferred ; we prefer ; we shall prefer. mT. He is un- 
 willing to become the slave of any^ man. ^> 8. Frequent 
 disagreements occur among the maritime tribes. 
 9. You are unwilling to attack on account of your 
 fear of danger. 10. Caesar will be informed of the 
 recent revolt of the Sequani. 
 
 ,;,...;„,..,.- , , LIISSON XXXV. 
 
 Ipip 1. Yoii wi'll ]3erish; he has perished; we 
 perish. 2. They were approaching; he will have 
 approached; I had approached. 3. Let them cross; 
 he has crossed; I shall cross. 4. Eemember ye; he 
 will remember ; to remember. 5. They hate ; you will 
 hate; he was hating. 6. Let us return; we shall 
 return; he has returned. 7. They have been sur- 
 rounded; he will be surrounded; you will be sur- 
 rounded. 8. They were approaching the fords of 
 the Ehone. 9. I was not able to remember the begin- 
 ning of this affair. 10. You hate all good (men). 
 11. They have secretly begun to form another plan. 
 
 lUse ullus^ a, um. 
 
SELECTIONS FOR READING. 
 
 I. FABLES. 
 The Woman and the Hen. 
 
 235. Mulier quaedani habebat gallmam, quae ei cot- 
 tidie ovum pariebat aureum. Hinc suspicarl^ coepit,- 
 illam aurl massam intus celare,^ et gallmam occidit. 
 Sed nihil in ea repperit, nisi quod in alils gallinis 
 reperlri^ solet. Itaque dum majoribus^ divitiis® inliiat," 
 etiam minores^ perdidit. 
 
 The Oxen. 
 
 236. In eodem prato pascebantur tres^ boves in 
 maxima concordia, et sic ab omni ferarum incursione^" 
 tuti erant. Sed dissidio^^ inter illos orto, singuli a 
 feris^^ petiti et laniati sunt. 
 
 Tabula docet, quantum bonl^^ sit^^ in concordia. 
 
 The footnotes 
 
 refer to the 
 
 sections of the 
 
 author's Latin 
 
 Grammar. 
 
 
 
 
 1328. 
 
 6 72. 
 
 9 80, 3. 
 
 12 216. 
 
 2 133. 
 
 6 187, III. 
 
 1'^ 214. 
 
 13 201, 2. 
 
 8 314. 
 
 7 293, I. 
 
 11 227. 
 
 14 300. 
 
 *328. 
 
 8 72. 
 
 
 
 103 
 
104 Selections for Reading. 
 
 The Dog in the Manger. 
 
 237. Canis jacebat in praesaepi bovesque latrando' 
 a ]3abul6^ arcebat. Cui iiims bouffi/ ^^ Quanta ista,^^ 
 iuquit, "ijividia est, quod nbn patens ut eo cibo^ vesca- 
 mur,^ quern tu ipse capere nee veils 7iec possis ! '^ 
 
 Haec fabula invidiae^ indolem declarat. 
 
 The Travellers and the Ass. 
 
 238. Duo qui una iter faciebant, asinum oberrantem 
 in solitudine conspicati/ accurrunt laeti,^ et uterque 
 eum sibi vindicare^ coepit, quod eum prior^^ conspexis- 
 set." Dum vero contendunt^- et rixantur, nee a ver- 
 beribus^^ abstinent, asinus aufugit et neuter eo" potitur. 
 
 The Kid and the Wolf. 
 
 239. Haedus, stans in tecto domtis, lupo^^ praetere- 
 unti^^ maledixit. Cui lupus, "Non tu/' iuquit, "sec? 
 tectum mihi maledicit.'" 
 
 Saepe locus et tempus homines^'' timidos audaces^^ 
 reddit. 
 
 The Peasant and the Mouse. 
 
 240. Mus a rtistico^^ deprehensus tarn acri morsti-*^ 
 ejus digitos vulneravit, ut ille eum dimitteret,^^ dicens: 
 
 1 338, 4, a. 
 
 7 112. 
 
 12 293, I. 
 
 17 177. 
 
 2 214. 
 
 8 239. 
 
 13 214. 
 
 18 177, 2. 
 
 3 201. 
 
 9 328. 
 
 14 218, 1. 
 
 19 216. 
 
 4 218, 1. 
 
 10 241, 2. 
 
 15 187, II, a. 
 
 20 218. 
 
 5 295, 2. 
 
 11 286. 
 
 16 132. 
 
 21 284, 1. 
 
 6 198. 
 
 
 
 
Selections for Reading. 105 
 
 ^^ Nihil, mehercule, tarn pusillum est, quod de salute de- 
 sperare debeat,^ modo se defendere velitJ' 
 
 The Wolf and the Crane. 
 
 241. In faucibus lupi os inliaeserat. Mercede'' 
 igitur conducit gruem, qui illud extrahat.^ Hoc grtis 
 longitudine'^ colli facile effecit. Cum autem mercedem 
 postularet,^ subrldens lupus et dentibus^ inf pendens, 
 " JSfum tibi," inquit, ^^ parva merces videtur, quod caput 
 incolume ex lupl faucihas extrdxisti?'' 
 
 The Trumpeter. 
 
 242. Tubicen ab hostibus captus/ '^ Nollte^ me," 
 inquit, " interjicere ; nam inermis sum, neque quidquam 
 habeo praeter hanc tubajnJ' At liostes, " Propjter hoc 
 ipswn,^^ inquiunt, " te interimemus^ quod, cum ipse pug- 
 nandi^ sls^^ imperitus, cdios ad p)ugnam incitdre^^ 
 soles." ^- 
 
 Pabula docet, non solum maleficos esse pilniendos^^ 
 sed etiam eos, qui alios ad male faciendum^'' irrltent.^^ 
 
 The Farmer and his Sons. 
 
 243. Agricola senex, cum mortem sibi^^ appropin- 
 quare^'' sentiret,^^ fllios convocavit, quos,^^ ut fieri ^ 
 
 1 284, 2. 
 
 6 218. 
 
 11 328. 
 
 16 187, III. 
 
 2 225. 
 
 7 337, 2. 
 
 12 286. 
 
 17 314. 
 
 3 282, 2. 
 
 8 276, c. 
 
 13 314. 
 
 18 288, B. 
 
 4 218. 
 
 9 338, 1 ; 204. 
 
 14 338, 3. 
 
 19 314. 
 
 6 288, B. 
 
 10 309, 3. 
 
 15 314. 
 
 20 131. 
 
106 Selections for Reading. 
 
 solet, interdum discordare ^ noverat, et f ascem virgula- 
 rum afferrl^ jubet. Qiiibiis^ allatis, fllios hortatur, ut 
 hunc f ascem fraiigerent.^ Quod cum facere non pos- 
 sent/ distribuit singulas virgas, eisque^ celeriter 
 fractis, docuit illos, quam firma res^ esset^ concordia, 
 quamque imbecillis discordia. 
 
 The Mice. 
 
 244. Mures aliquando liabaerunt consilium^ quo 
 modo a fele caverent.^ Multis aliis^° propositis, omni- 
 bus ^^ placuit'^ut ei^^ tintinnabulum annecteretur ; ^'^ sTc 
 enim ipsos sonitti^^ admonitos eam fugere^^ posse.-''' Sed 
 cum jam inter miires quaereretur/^ qui feli^^ tintinna- 
 bulum annecteret/^' nemo repertus est. 
 
 Fabula docet, in suadendo plurimos esse^' audaces,^^ 
 sed in ipso periculo timidos. 
 
 The Tortoise and the Eagle. 
 
 245. Testudo aquilam magnopere orabat, nt sese 
 volare doceret.^^ Aquila ei ostendebat quidem, eam 
 rem petere^^ naturae-'^ suae contrariam; sed illanihilo-*' 
 minus mstabat, et obsecrabat aquilam, ut se-'' volu- 
 crem^ facere ^^ vellet.^*^ Itaque ungulis^^ arreptam 
 
 1 314. 
 
 9 300, 2. 
 
 17 314. 
 
 25 192, 1. 
 
 2 331, II. 
 
 1^ 227. 
 
 18 288, B. 
 
 26 223. 
 
 3 227. 
 
 11 187, II, a. 
 
 19 187, III. 
 
 27 177; 244, II 
 
 4 295, 1. 
 
 12 138. 
 
 20 300, 1. 
 
 28 177, 2. 
 
 6 288, B. 
 
 1^ 187, III. 
 
 21 314. 
 
 29 328. 
 
 6 227. 
 
 11 29a, 4. 
 
 22 233, 2 ; 231. 
 
 30 295, 1. 
 
 7 168. 
 
 15 218. 
 
 23 295, 1. 
 
 •^1 218. 
 
 8 300, 1. 
 
 16 328. 
 
 24 314. 
 
 
Selections for Reading. 107 
 
 aquila sustiilit in sublime, et clemisit illam, ut per 
 aerem ferretiir.^ Turn in saxa incidens comminuta 
 interiit. 
 
 Haec fabiila docet, mnltos cupiditatibus- suis occae- 
 catos consilia priidentiorum respuere,^ et in exitium 
 mere stultitiii'* sua.^ 
 
 The Lion. 
 
 246. Societatem junxerant leo, juvenca, capra, ovis. 
 Praeda® autem, qiiani ceperant, in quattuor partes 
 aequales divisa, leo, "Prmia," ait, ^^mea est; debetur 
 enim haec ■praestantiae meae. Tollam et secundam, 
 quam meretur robur nieum. Tertiam vindicat sibl 
 egregius labor mens. Qudrtam qui sibi arrogdre volu- 
 erit, is sciat,^ se habitTwum me inimicum sibi."^ Quid 
 facerent^ imbecilles bestiae, aut quae sibi leonem 
 Inf estuui habere ^^ vellet ? ^^ 
 
 II. KOMAN HISTORY. 
 1. The Regal Period, 753-510 b.c. _ 
 
 Saturx. 
 
 247. Antiquissimis temporibus ^" Saturnus in Italian! 
 venisse dicitur. Ibi hand procul a Janiculo arcem 
 
 1282. 
 
 4 219. 
 
 7 275. 
 
 10 328. 
 
 2 218. 
 
 6 243, 1, a. 
 
 8 192, 1. 
 
 11 277. 
 
 3 314. 
 
 6 227. 
 
 9 277. 
 
 12 230. 
 
108 Selections for Reading, 
 
 condidit, eamqne^ Saturiiiam^ appellavit. Hic Italos^ 
 primus'* agriculturam^ docuit. 
 
 Latinus and Aeneas. 
 
 248. Postea Latinus in illis regionibus imperavit. 
 Sub hoc rege Troja in Asia e versa est. Hinc Aeneas, 
 Anchisae fllius, cum multis Trojanis, quibus^ ferrum 
 Graecorum pepercerat, aufugit et in Italiam pervenit. 
 Ibi Latinus rex ei benigne recepto filiani Laviniam in 
 matrimonium dedit. Aeneas urbem condidit, quam^ 
 in honorem conjugis Lavinium^ appellavit. 
 
 Founding of Alba Longa by Ascanius. 
 
 249. Post Aeneae mortem Ascanius, Aeneae filius, 
 regnum accepit. Hic sedeni regni in alium locum 
 transtulit, urbemque condidit in monte Albano, eamque 
 Albam Longam nuncupavit. Euni secutus est Silvius, 
 qui post Aeneae mortem Lavlnia^ natus erat. Ejus 
 poster! omnes usque ad Komam conditam Albae^° reg- 
 naverunt. 
 
 Other Kings of Alba. 
 
 250. tJnus liorum regum," Eomulus Silvius, se 
 Jove^- majorem^^ esse^"* dicebat, et, cum tonaret,^^ 
 
 1 177. 
 
 5 178, 1, h. 
 
 9 215. 
 
 13 233, 2. 
 
 2 177. 
 
 6 187, II, a. 
 
 w 232, 1. 
 
 14 314. 
 
 3 178, 1, 6. 
 
 7 177. 
 
 11 201. 
 
 15 288, B. 
 
 4 241, 2. 
 
 8 177. 
 
 1--2 217. 
 
 
Selections for Reading. 109 
 
 mllitibus ^ impenivit, lit clipeos hastis- percuterent/ 
 dlcebatqiie huiic sonum multo^ clariorem"' esse^ quam 
 tonitruni. Fuhnine'' ictus et in Albanum lacum prae- 
 cipitatus est. 
 
 Silvius Procas, rex Albanorum, duos filios reliqiiit 
 Numitorem et Amulium. Horiim minor natu,^ Amu- 
 lius, fratri optionem dedit utrum regnum habere^ 
 vellet/'^ an bona, quae pater reliquisset.^^ ISTumitor 
 paterna bona praetulit ; Amulius regnum obtinuit. 
 
 Birth of Romulus and Remus. 
 
 251. Amulius, ut regnum firmissime possideret,^- 
 Numitoris filium per Tnsidias interemit et flliam fra- 
 tris Rheam Silviam^^ Vestalem virginem" fecit. Nam 
 his Yestae sacerdotibus ^^ non licet viro^^ niibere.^' Sed 
 haec a Marte geminos filios, Romulum et Remum, pepe- 
 rit. Hoc cum Amulius comperisset,^^ matrem in vin- 
 cula conjecit, pueros^^ autem in Tiberim^ abici^^ jussit. 
 
 252. Forte Tiberis aqua ultra ripam se effuderat, 
 et, cum puerl in vado essent positi," aqua refluens eos 
 in sicco relTquit. Ad eorum vagitum lupa accurrit, 
 eosque uberibus-^ siiis aliiit. Quod videns Faustulus 
 quidam, pastor illlus regionis, piieros siistulit, et iixori 
 Accae Larentiae nutriendos dedit. 
 
 1 187, II, a. 
 
 6 314. 
 
 11 314. 
 
 16 187, II. 
 
 2^ 38, 1. 
 
 2 218. 
 
 7 218. 
 
 1- 282. 
 
 1" 327. 
 
 21 331, II 
 
 8 295, 1. 
 
 8 220. 
 
 13 177. 
 
 18 288, B. 
 
 22 286, 2. 
 
 4 228. 
 
 9 328. 
 
 14 177. 
 
 19 331, 11. 
 
 23 218. 
 
 5 233, 2 ; 234. i^ 300, 1. i^ 187, II, a. 
 
110 
 
 Selections for Reading. 
 
 Foundation of Rome, 753 b.c. 
 
 253. Sic Romulus et Remus pueritiam inter pastores 
 transegerunt. Cum adolevissent/ et forte comperis- 
 sent, quis ipsorum avus, quae mater f uisset,^ Amulium 
 interfecerunt, et Numitorl avo regnum restituerunt 
 Tum urbem concliderunt in monte Aventmo, quam'^ 
 Romulus a suo nomine Romam'* vocavit. Haec cum 
 moenibus^ circumdaretur,^ Remus occisus est, dum 
 fratrem irridens moenia transilit.^ 
 
 Seizure of the Sabine Women. 
 
 254. Romulus, ut civium numerum augeret,^ asylum 
 patef ecit, ad quod multi ex civitatibus suls pulsi accur- 
 rerunt. Sed novae urbis civibus conjuges deerant. 
 Itaque festum Neptuni et ludos instituit. Ad hos 
 cum multi ex finitimis populis cum mulieribus et 
 llberis venissent,^ Roman! inter ipsos ludos spectantes 
 virgines rapuerunt. 
 
 War with the Sabines. 
 
 255. Populi illi quorum ^^ virgines raptae erant bel- 
 lum adversus raptores susceperunt. Cum Romae 
 appropinquarent,^^ forte in Tarpeiam virginem incide- 
 runt quae in arce sacra ^- procurabat. Hanc rogabant, 
 ut viam in arcem monstraret,^^ eique permiserunt, ut 
 munus sibi posceret.^** Ilia petiit, ut sibi darent/^ quod 
 
 1 288, B. 
 
 6 218. 
 
 9 288, B. 
 
 13 295, 1. 
 
 2 300, 1. 
 
 6 288, B. 
 
 10 198. 
 
 14 295, 2. 
 
 3 177. 
 
 7 293, I. 
 
 11 288, B. 
 
 i& 295, 1. 
 
 * 177. 
 
 8 282. 
 
 12 236, 1. 
 
 
Selections for Reading. Ill 
 
 in sinistris manibus gererent, anulos aiireos et arinillas 
 significans. At hostes in arcem ab ea perducti scutis^ 
 Tarpeiam obruerunt; nam et ea in sinistris manibus 
 gerebant. 
 
 Treaty with the Sabines. 
 
 256. Tum Romulus cum hoste, qui montem Tar- 
 peium tenebat, pugnam conseruit in eo loco, ubi nunc 
 Forum Romanum est. In media^ caede raptae pro- 
 cesserunt, et liinc patres hinc conjuges et soceros com- 
 plectebantur, et rogabant, ut caedis finem facerent.'^ 
 Utrique his precibus^ commoti sunt. Eomulus foedus 
 icit et Sablnos in urbem recepit. 
 
 Institutions of Romulus, — His Death. 
 
 257. Postea civitatem discripsit. Centum scnatores 
 legit eosque^ cum ob aetatem tum ob reverentiam eis 
 debitam patres^ appellavit. Plebem in triginta curias 
 distribuit, casque raptarum nominibus^ nuncupavit. 
 Anno^ regni tricesimo septimo, cum exercitum lustra- 
 ret,^ inter tempestatem ortam repente oculis hominum 
 subductus est. Hinc alil^*^ cum a senatoribus interfec- 
 tum/^ alil^*^ ad deos sublatum esse^^ existimaverunt. 
 
 Reign of Numa Pompilius. 
 
 258. Post Romuli mortem tinius anni interregnum 
 fait. Quo^- elapso, Numa Pompilius, Curibus,^^ urbe 
 
 1218. 
 
 4 218. 
 
 7 218. 
 
 10 253, 1. 
 
 12 227. 
 
 2 241, 1. 
 
 5 177. 
 
 8 230. 
 
 11 314. 
 
 13 228, 1, a. 
 
 3 295, 1. 
 
 6 177. 
 
 9 288, B. 
 
 
 
112 Selections for Reading. 
 
 in agro Sabinonim iiatus, rex^ creatus est. Hic vir 
 belliim qiiidem nullum gessit ; nee minus tamen cm- 
 tati^ prof u it. Nam et leges cledit, et sacra ^ pliirima 
 instituit, ut popull barbari et bellicosi mores molliret.* 
 Omnia'^ autem, quae faciebat, se nymphae Egeriae, 
 conjugis suae, monitu^ facere'' dicebat. Morbo^ decessit 
 quadragesimo tertio imperii anno.^ 
 
 TULLUS HOSTILIUS. 
 
 259. Numae^^ successit Tullus Hostllius, ctijus 
 avus se^^ in bello ad versus Sabinos fortem et strenuum 
 virum^^ praestiterat. Rex^^ creatus bellum AlbanTs" 
 indixit, idque trigeminorum, Horatiorum et Curiatio- 
 rum, certamine^^ finlvit. Albam propter perfidiam 
 Mettii Fufetii diruit. Cum triginta duo annos^^ reg- 
 nasset/" fulmine^^ ictus cum domo sua arsit. 
 
 Angus Marcius. 
 
 260. Post hunc Ancus Marcius, Numae ex filia 
 nepos, suscepit imperium. Hie vir aequitate^^ et 
 religione avo^'" similis, Latinos bello ^* domuit, urbem 
 ampliavit, et nova ei^- moenia circumdedit. Carcerem 
 primus ^^ aedificavit. Ad Tiberis ostia urbem condidit, 
 Ostiamque vocavit. Vicesimo quarto anno-'* imperii 
 morbo-^ obiit. 
 
 1 177, 3. 
 
 6 219. 
 
 
 11 177. 
 
 16 181. 
 
 21 218. 
 
 2 187, 11, a. 
 
 ' 314. 
 
 
 12 177. 
 
 1' 288, B. 
 
 22 187, III. 
 
 3 236, 1. 
 
 8 219. 
 
 
 13 177, 3. 
 
 18 218. 
 
 23 241, 2. 
 
 4 282. 
 
 9 230. 
 
 
 14 187, III. 
 
 19 226. 
 
 21 230. 
 
 5 236, 1. 
 
 10 187, 
 
 III. 
 
 15 218. 
 
 2^ 192, 1. 
 
 25 219. 
 
Selections for Reading. 113 
 
 Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. 
 
 261. Deinde regnum Lucius Tarquinius Priscus 
 accepit, Demarati filius, qui tyrannos patriae Corinthi 
 fugiens in Etrilriam venerat. Ipse Tarquinius, qui 
 nomen ab urbe Tarquiniis accepit, aliquando Romam^ 
 venerat. 
 
 262. Cum Romae- commoraretur,^ Anci regis fami- 
 liaritatem conseciitus est, qui eum^ filiorum suorum 
 tiitorem^ reliquit. Sed is pupillis^ rggnuni intercepit. 
 Senatoribus, quos Romulus creaverat, centum alios 
 addidit, qui minorum gentium sunt appellatl. Plura 
 bella feliciter gessit, nee paucos agios, hostibus 
 ademptos, urbis territorio^ adjimxit. Primus* trium- 
 plians urbem intravit. Cloacas fecit: Capitolium inco- 
 havit. Tricesimo octavo imperii anno^ per And filios, 
 quibus regnum eripuerat, occisus est. 
 
 Servius Tullius. 
 
 <^/63. Post hunc Servius Tullius suscepit imperium, 
 genitus ex nobili femina, captlva tamen et famula. 
 Cum adolevisset,^*^ rex ei filiam in matrimonium dedit. 
 
 264. Cum Priscus Tarquinius occisus esset,^^ Tana- 
 quil de superiore parte domus populum allocuta est, 
 dicens: regem^- grave quidew,, sed non letale vulnus 
 accepisse;^^ eum ])etere, ut populus, dum convahdsset,^^ 
 
 1182. 
 
 5 17L 
 
 8 241, 2. 
 
 11 288, B. 
 
 2 232. 
 
 6 188. 2, d. 
 
 ■ 9 230. 
 
 12 314. 
 
 3 288, B. 
 
 7 187, III. 
 
 10 288, B. 
 
 13 293, III, 2 ; 314. 
 
 M77. 
 
 
 
 
114 Selectio7is for Reading, 
 
 Servio TulUo^ ohoedriet." Sic Servius regnare coepit, 
 et bene imperium administravit. Montes tres urbi 
 adjuiixit. Primus omnium censum ordinavit. Sub 
 eo Roma habuit octoginta tria milia civium cum his 
 qui in agrls erant. 
 
 265. Hic rex interfectus est scelere^ flliae Tulliae 
 et Tarquinil Superbl, fllil ejus regis, cui^ Servius suc- 
 cesserat. Nam ab ipso Tarquinio^ interfectus est. 
 Tullia in forum properavit, et prlma^ conjugem^ regem^ 
 salutavit. Gum domum^ redlret/" aurlgam super patris 
 corpus, in via jacens, carpentum agere^^ jussit. 
 
 Tarquinius Superbus. 
 
 266. Tarquinius Superbus cognomen moribus^- 
 meruit. Bello^^ tamen strenuus plures finitimorum 
 populorum^^ vicit. Templum Jo vis in Capitolio aedi- 
 ficavit. Postea, dum Ardeam oppugnat/^ urbem Latil, 
 imperium perdidit. Nam cum fllius ejus Lucretiae, 
 nobilissimae feminae, conjugl^^ Tarquinil Collatlnl, 
 vim fecisset/'' haec se ipsa occldit in conspectu maritl, 
 patris, amlcorumque, postquam eos obtestata est^*^ ut 
 banc injuriam ulclscerentur.^^ 
 
 267. Hanc ob causam L. Brutus, Collatlnus, alilque 
 nonnulll in exitium regis conjurarunt, populoque-" 
 
 1 187, II, a. 
 
 6 241, 2. 
 
 11 831, 
 
 II. 
 
 16 187, I. 
 
 2 295, 1. 
 
 7 177. 
 
 12 219. 
 
 
 17 288, B. 
 
 3 218. 
 
 8 177. 
 
 13 226. 
 
 
 18 287, 1. 
 
 4 187, III. 
 
 9 182, 1, 6. 
 
 14 201. 
 
 
 19 295, 1. 
 
 6 216. 
 
 10 288, B. 
 
 IS 293, 
 
 I. 
 
 20 187, II, a. 
 
Selections for Reading. 115 
 
 persuaserimt, ut el portas urbis clauderet.^ Exercitus 
 quoque, qui civitatem Ardeam cum rege oppugnabat, 
 eum reliqiiit. Itaque fugit cum uxore et llberis suis. 
 Ita Eomae septem reges regnaverunt aniios^ ducentos 
 quadraginta tres. 
 
 2. The Early Republic, 510-241 b.c. 
 
 Institution of the Republic, 510 b.c. 
 
 268. Hinc consules coeperc^ pro uno rege duo 
 crearl,* ut si unus malus esset, alter eum coerceret.^ 
 Annuuin eis imperium tributum est, ue per diuturni- 
 tatem potestatis Insoleutiores redderentur.^ Fuerunt 
 igitur auuo^ j)i'i"^o, expulsTs regibus.^ consules L. 
 Junius Brutus, acerrimus llbertatis vindex, et Tar- 
 quinius Collatinus marltus Lucretiae, sed Collatino^ 
 paulo^J post dignitas adempta est. Placuerat enim, ne 
 quis ex Tarquiniorum familia Romae maneret.^^ Ergo 
 cum omni patrimonio suo ex urbe migravit, et in ejus 
 locum Valerius Publicola consul^- factus est. 
 
 Death of Brutus. 
 
 269. Commovit bellum urbl rex Tarquinius. In 
 prima pugna Brutus consul, et Arruns, Tarquinil filius, 
 inter sese^^ occiderunt. RomanI tameii ex ea pugna 
 victores recesserunt. Brutum Romanae matronae, 
 
 1 295, 1. 
 
 5 282. 
 
 8 227. 
 
 11 295, 4. 
 
 2 181. 
 
 6 282. 
 
 9 188, 2, (7. 
 
 1-2 177, 3. 
 
 3 133. 
 
 7 230. 
 
 10 223. 
 
 13 245. 
 
 4 328. 
 
 
 
 
116 Selections for Reading. 
 
 quasi communem patrem, per annum liixerunt. Vale- 
 rius Publicola Spurium Lucretium/ collegam- sibi 
 fecit; cum morbo exstinctus esset,^ Publicola Horatium 
 Pulvillura sibi collegam sumpsit. Itaque primus 
 annus quinque consules habuit. 
 
 War with Porsena, 508 b.c. 
 
 270. Secundo quoque anno^ iterum Tarquinius 
 bellum Romanls' intulit, Porsena,*^ rege Etruscorum, 
 auxilium ei ferente. In illo bello Horatius Codes 
 solus pontem ligneum defendit et hostes cohibuit, dum 
 pons a tergo ruptus esset.^ Tum se cum armis in 
 Tiberiiii conjecit, et ad suos^ transnavit. 
 
 271. Dum Porsena urbem obsidet,^ Qulntus Mucins 
 Scaevola, juvenis fortis animi,^*' in castra hostium se 
 contulit eo consilio, ut regeni occideret.^^ At ibi scri- 
 bani regis pro ipso rege interfecit. Tum a regiis 
 satellitibus ^^ comprehensus et ad regem deductus, cum 
 Porsena eum ignibus^^ allatis terreret/^ dextram arae'^ 
 accensae imposuit, dum flammis consumpta esset.^^ 
 Hoc facinus rex miratus, juvenem dimisit incolumem. 
 Tum hic, quasi benelicium referens, ait, trecentos alios 
 juvenes^'^ in eum coiijiirasse}^ Hac re^^ territus Porsena 
 pacem cum Romanis fecit, Tarquinius autem Tuscu- 
 hmi^^ se contulit, ibique privatus cum uxore consenuit. 
 
 1177. 
 
 6 227. 
 
 11 282. 
 
 16 293, III, 2. 
 
 2 177. 
 
 7 293, III, 2. 
 
 12 216. 
 
 17 314. 
 
 3 288, B. 
 
 8 236, 1. 
 
 13 227. 
 
 18 218. 
 
 4 230. 
 
 9 293, I. 
 
 14 288, B. 
 
 19 182. 
 
 6 187, III. 
 
 10 203, 1. 
 
 15 187, III. 
 
 
Selections for Reading. 117 
 
 Secession of the Plebs, 494 b.c. 
 
 272. Sexto decimo anno^ post reges exactos, popu- 
 lus Romae- seclitionem fecit, questus quod tribiitis^ et 
 militia a senatu exhaiiriretur."* Magna pars plebis 
 urbem rellqiiit, et in monteni trans Anieneni amnem 
 secessit. Turn patres turbati Menenium Agrippani 
 miserunt ad plebem qui earn senatui conciliaret.^ Hie 
 els inter alia^ fabulani naravit de ventre et membrls 
 humani corporis; qua^ populus commotus est, ut in 
 urbem rediret.'*^ Tum primum tribunl plebis creati 
 sunt, qui plebem adversum nobilitatis superbiam 
 defenderent.'"^ 
 
 Treason of Coriolaxus, 492 b.c 
 
 273. Octavo decimo anno^" post exactos reges, Q. 
 Marcius, Coriolanus^^ dictus ab urbe Yolscorum Corio- 
 lis, quam bello ceperat, plebi ^" invisus fieri coepit. 
 Quare urbe^^ expulsus ad Volscos, acerrimos Romano- 
 rum hostes, contendit, et ab els^* dux^^ exercittis f actus 
 Romanos saepe vicit. Jam usque ad quintum millia- 
 rium urbis accesserat, nee ullis civium suorum lega- 
 tionibus flecti poterat, ut patriae parceret.^^ Denique 
 Veturia mater et Volumnia uxor ex urbe ad eum 
 venerunt; quarum fletu^" et precibus commotus est, 
 ut exercitum removeret.^^ Quo^^ facto a-" Volscis ut 
 proditor occTsus esse dicitur. 
 
 1 230. 
 
 5 282, 2. 
 
 9 282, 2. 
 
 13 214. 
 
 1" 218. 
 
 2 232. 
 
 6 236, 1. 
 
 15 230. 
 
 1^ 216. 
 
 18 295, 1. 
 
 3 218. 
 
 ' 218. 
 
 11 177, 3. 
 
 15 177, 3. 
 
 19 227. 
 
 4 286, 1. 
 
 8 295, 1. 
 
 1-2 192, 1. 
 
 1*5 295, 1. 
 
 20 216. 
 
118 Selections for Reading. 
 
 Battle of the Cremera, 477 b.c. 
 
 274. Cum Romani aclversum Vejentes bellum gere- 
 rent,^ familia Fabiorum sola hoc helium suscepit. 
 Profecti sunt trecenti sex nohilissimi homines, duce- 
 Fabio consule. Cum saepe hostes vicissent, apud 
 Cremeram fluvium castra posuerunt. Ibi, cum Vejen- 
 tes dolo^ usi eos in Tnsidias pellexissent, in proelio 
 exorto omnes perierunt. Unus superfuit ex tanta 
 familia, qui propter aetatem puerilem dud non potuerat 
 ad pugnam. Hic genus propagavit ad Quintum 
 Fabium Maximum, ilium qui Hannibalem prudent! 
 cunctatione debilitavit. 
 
 The Decemvirs. 
 
 275. Anno trecentesimo et altero ab urbe condita 
 decemviri creati sunt, qui civitati leges scriberent.* 
 Hi primo anno bene egerunt; secundo autem domina- 
 tionem exercere^ coeperunt. Sed cum tinus eorum, 
 Appius Claudius, virginem ingenuam, Virginiam, Vir- 
 ginii centurionis flliam, corrumpere vellet, pater eam 
 occidit. Tum ad milites profugit eosque ad seditionem 
 commovit. Adempta est decemviris^ potestas, ipslque 
 omnes aut morte'^ aut exsilio pimiti sunt. 
 
 The Siege of Veil 
 
 276. In hello contra Vejentanos Furius Camillus 
 urbem Falerios obsidebat. In qua obsidione cum ludi 
 
 1 288, B. 3 218, 1. 5 328. 7 218. 
 
 2 227. * 282, 2. c i88, 2, d 
 
Selections for Reading. 119 
 
 iitterarii m agister principum fllios ex urbe in castra 
 hostiuni dtixisset, Camillus hoc doniim non accepit, 
 sed scelestuin hominem, manibus^ post tergum vinctis, 
 pueris Falerios rediicendum tradidit; virgasque eis 
 dedit, quibus proditorem in urbem agerent.^ Hac 
 tanta animi nobilitate commoti Falisci urbem Romanis 
 tradiderunt. Camillo autem apud Romanos crimini^ 
 datum est, quod albls equls triumphassef* et praedam 
 inaeque divlsisset; damnatus ob earn causam et civi- 
 tate^ expulsus est. 
 
 EOME CAPTURED BY THE GaULS, 390 B.C. 
 
 277. Paulo ^ post Galli Senones ad urbem venerunt, 
 Romanos ad fliimen Alliam vicerunt, et urbem etiam 
 occuparunt. Jam nihil praeter Capitolium defend! 
 potuit. Et jam praesidium fame'' laborabat, et in eo 
 erant, ut pacem a Gallis auro* emerent,^ cum Camil- 
 lus cum manti militum superveniens hostes magno 
 proelio^" superavit. 
 
 Achievement of Titus Maxlius Torquatus, 361 b.c. 
 
 278. Anno trecentesimo •nonagesimo tertio post 
 urbem conditam Galli iterum ad urbem accesserant, 
 et quarto milliario trans Anienem fluvium consede- 
 rant. Contra eos missus est Titus Quinctius. Ibi Gal- 
 lus quidam eximia corporis magnitudine^^ fortissimum 
 
 1227. 
 
 * 286, 1. 
 
 7 59,2, &; 219. 
 
 10 218. 
 
 2 282, 2. 
 
 6 214. 
 
 8 225. 
 
 11 224. 
 
 3 191, 1. 
 
 6 223. 
 
 9 297. 
 
 
120 Selections for Reading. 
 
 Romanoruin ad certamen singulare provocavit. Titus 
 Manlius, nobilissimus juvenis, provocationeni accepit, 
 Galium occidit, eumque torque^ aureo spoliavit, quo 
 ornatus erat. Hinc et ipse et posterl ejus Torquati^ 
 appellati sunt. Galll fugam capessiverunt. 
 
 Marcus Valeetus Corvinus, 348 b.c. 
 
 279. iSTovo bello^ cum Gallis exorto, anno urbis 
 quadringentesimo sexto, iterum Gallus processit robore 
 atque armis insignis, et provocavit unum ex Eomanis 
 ut secum armis decerneret.^ Tum se M. Valerius, 
 tribunus mllitum, obtulit; et, cum processisset armatus, 
 corvus ei^ supra dextrum braccliium sedit. Mox, com- 
 missa ptigna,^ hic corvus alTs'^ et unguibus Galli oculos 
 verberavit. Ita factum est ut Gallus nullo negotio a 
 Valerio interficeretur/ qui liinc Corvini nomen accepit. 
 
 War with the Samnites, 323 b.c. 
 
 280. Postea Roman! bellum gesserunt cum Samniti- 
 bus, ad quod L. Papirius Cursor cum lion ore dictatoris 
 profectus est. Qui cum iiegotii cUjusdam causa 
 Romam^ rediisset, praecepit Q. Fabio Rulliano,^'^ 
 magistro equitum, quem apud exercitum reliquit, ne 
 pugiiam cum hoste committeret." Sed ille, occasionem 
 nactus, felicissime dimicavit, et Samnites delevit. Ob 
 hanc rem a dictatore capitis ^^ damnatus est. At ille 
 
 1214. 
 
 4 295, 1. 
 
 7 218. 
 
 10 187, II, a. 
 
 2 177, 3. 
 
 5 188. 
 
 8 297, 2. 
 
 11 295, 1. 
 
 3 227. 
 
 6 227. 
 
 9 182. 
 
 12 208, 2, a. 
 
Selections for Reading. \21l 
 
 in urbeni confugit, et ingenti favore^ militum et populi 
 liberatiis est; in Paplriuni autem tanta exorta est 
 seclitio; lit paene ipse interficeretur.^ 
 
 Battle of the Caudixe Forks, 321 e.g. 
 
 281. Duobiis annis^ post T. Yetiirius et Spurius 
 Postiimius consules belliim adversum Samnites gere- 
 bant. Hi a Pontic Telesino/ diice hostiiira, in msidias 
 induct! sunt. jSTani ad Piirculas Caudmas Romanos 
 pellexit in angiistias unde sese expedire non poterant. 
 Ibi Pontius patrem suiim Herennium rogavit, quid 
 faciendum putaret.^ Hie respondit, aut omnes occJden- 
 dos esse,^ ut Rdmanorum vires frangerentur,^ aut omnes 
 dimittendos, ut heneficio ohligarentur. Pontius utrum- 
 que consilium improbavit, omnesque sub jugiim misit. 
 Samnites denique post bellum undequinquaginta anno- 
 rum superati sunt. 
 
 War avith Pyrrhus, 281 e.g. 
 
 282. Devictis Samnitibus,^ Tarentlnis^ bellum in- 
 dictiim est, quia legatis E-omanorum injuriam fecis- 
 sent.^° Hi Pyrrhum," Epirl regem, contra Romanos 
 auxilium^- poposcerunt. Is mox in Italiam venit, 
 turn que primiim Romani cum transmarino lioste pug- 
 naverunt. Missus est contra eum consul Publius 
 Valerius Laevinus. Hie, cum exploratores Pyrrhi 
 
 1219. 
 
 4 216. 
 
 7 282. 
 
 i-) 286, 1. 
 
 2 284, 1. 
 
 5 300, 1. 
 
 8 227. 
 
 11 178, 1, a. 
 
 3 223. 
 
 6 314. 
 
 187, III. 
 
 12 178, 1, a. 
 
122 Selections for Reading. 
 
 cgpisset, jussit eos per castra duel, tumque dimitti, 
 ut reniintiai'ent ^ Pyrrho, quaeciimque a Romanis^ 
 agerentur. 
 
 283. Pugna^ commissa, Pyrrliiis auxilio* elephanto- 
 rum vicit. Nox proelio finem dedit. Laevinus tamen 
 per noctem fugit. Pyrrhus Romanos mllle octingentos 
 cepit, eosque suinmo honore^ tractavit. Cum eos, qui 
 in proelio interfecti erant, omiies adversis vulneribus^ 
 et truci viiltii^ etiam mortuos jacere'' videret, tulisse 
 ad caelum manus dicitur cum liac voce : " Ego cum 
 talihus viris brevl^ orhem terrdrum siibigam.^' 
 
 284. Postea Pyrrhus Romam^ perrexit; omnia ferro 
 ignique vastavit; Campaniam depopulatus est, atque 
 ad Praeneste venit, milliario ab urbe octavo decimo. 
 Mox terrore^*^ exercitus, qui cum consule^^ sequebatur, 
 in Campaniam se recepit. Legati ad Pyrrhum de 
 captivis redimendis^- missi honorifice ab eo^^ suscepti 
 sunt; captlvos sine pretio reddidit. Unum ex legatis, 
 Pabricium sic admiratus est, ut ei quartam partem 
 regni sui promitteret,^"* si ad se translret,^^ sed a 
 Fabricio contemptus est. 
 
 285. Cum jam Pyrrhus ingenti Romanorum admira- 
 tione^*^ teneretur, legatum misit Cineam, praestantissi- 
 mum virum qui pacem peteret^^ ea condicione, ut 
 
 1282. 
 
 5 220. 
 
 9 182. 
 
 12 339, 1. 
 
 15 314; 319, B. 
 
 2 216. 
 
 6 224. 
 
 10 219. 
 
 13 216. 
 
 16 218. 
 
 3 227. 
 
 7 314. 
 
 11 222. 
 
 14 284, 1. 
 
 17 282, 2. 
 
 4 218. 
 
 . 8 231. 
 
 
 
 . 
 
Selections for Reading. 123 
 
 Pyrrhus earn partem Italiae quam armis^ occupaverat 
 obtineret. RomaDi responderunt, eum cum Romanis 
 pdcem habere tion posse,^ nisi ex Italia recessisset.^ 
 Cineas cum rediisset, Pyrrho eum iuterroganti, qualis 
 ipsi Roma visa esset,* respondit, se regum patriam 
 vidisse. 
 
 IXTEGRITY OF FaBRICIUS. 
 
 286. In altero proelio Pyrrhus vulneratus est, 
 elephant! interfecti, viginti milia hostium caesa sunt. 
 Pyrrhus Tarentum^ fugit. Inter jecto anno, Fabricius 
 contra eum missus est. Ad hunc medicus Pyrrhl 
 nocte^ venit promittens, se Pyrrhum veneno occisurum 
 SI munus sibi daretur.^ Hunc Fabricius vinctum 
 reduci^ jussit ad dominnm. Tunc rex admiratus ilhun 
 dixisse fertur : " Ille est Fabricius, qui difficilius ab 
 lionestdte quani sol a cursu sua dverti potest.''^ Paulo 
 post Pyrrhus tertio etiam proelio fusus a Tarento 
 recessit, et, cum in Graeciam rediisset, ad Argos, 
 Peloponnesi urbem, interfectus est. 
 
 First Punic War, 264 b.c. 
 
 287. Anno quadringentesimo nonagesimo post 
 urbem conditam Eomanorum exercitiis primum in 
 Sicilian! trajecerunt, regemque Syractisarum Hiero- 
 nem, Poenosque, qui multas civitates in ea Insula 
 occupaverant, superaverunt. Quinto anno hujus belli, 
 quod contra Poenos gerebatur, primum RomanI, Gaio 
 
 — — ■■ " ■ ..11 ■ — ■ . - -» . 
 
 1218. 3314. 319^ B,«. M82. " 314; 319, B, a 
 
 2314. 4300, 1. 6 230. 8 331^ ji_ 
 
124 Selections for Heading. 
 
 DiiTlio, Gnaeo Cornelio Asina consulibus/ marl climi. 
 caverunt. Duiliiis Carthaginienses vicit, triginta naves 
 occupavit, quattuordecira mersit, septem milia hos- 
 tium^ cepit, tria milia occidit. Nulla victoria 
 Komanls^ gratior fuit. 
 
 The Eomans invade Africa, 256 b.c. 
 
 288. Panels annis inter jectis, bellum in Africam est 
 translatum. Hamilcar, Carthaginiensimn dux, pngna* 
 navall superatus est ; nam, perditis sexaginta quattuor 
 navibns, se recepit; Romani vigintl duas amiserunt. 
 Cum in Africam venissent, Poenos in pluribus proeliis 
 vicerunt, magnam A^im hominum ceperunt, septuaginta 
 quattuor civitates in fidem acceperunt. Tum victi 
 Carthaginienses pacem a Eomanls^ petierunt. Quam 
 cum Marcus AtTlius E-egulus, Romanorum dux, dare 
 nollet nisi durissimis condicionibus, Carthaginienses 
 auxilium petierunt a Lacedaemoniis. Hi Xanthippum 
 miserunt, qui Eomanum exercitum magno proelio 
 vicit. Regulus ipse captus et in vincula conjectus est. 
 
 Patriotism of Regulus, 250 e.g. 
 
 289. Non tamen ubique fortuna Carthaginiensibus*^ 
 favit. Cum aliquot proeliis^ victi essent, Regulum 
 rogaverunt, ut Romam proficisceretur/ et pacem capti- 
 vorumque permutationem a Eomanis obtineret. Hie 
 
 1 227, 1. 3 192, 1. 5 178, i, «, p. 12G. "^ 218. 
 
 2 201. 4 218. 6 187, II, a. ^ 295, 1. 
 
Selections for Reading. 125 
 
 cum Romam^ venisset, incluctus in senatum dixit, se 
 desiisse^ Romanum esse ex ilia die, qua^ in potestatem 
 Poendruin venisset.'^ Turn Eomaiiis^ suasit, ne pacem 
 cum Cartliaginiensibus facerent:^ illos enim tot casibus 
 fractos spem niillam nisi in pace habere: tanti non 
 esse,^ ut tot mllia captivorum propter se unum et paucos, 
 qui ex Romdnis capti essent,^ redderentur. Haec sen- 
 tentia obtinuit. Regressus igitur in Africam crudelis- 
 simis suppliciis exstlnctus est. 
 
 Close of the First Punic War, 241 b.c. 
 
 290. Tandem C. Lutatio Catulo, A. Postumio con- 
 sulibus,'' anno belli Punici vicesimo tertio magnum 
 proelium navale commissum est contra Lilybaeum, 
 promunturium Siciliae. In eo proelio septuaginta 
 tres Carthaginiensium naves captae, centum vlginti 
 quinque demersae, triginta duo milia hostium^ capta, 
 tredecim mllia occisa sunt. Statim Carthaginienses 
 pacem petierunt, eisque pax tributa est. Captivi 
 Bomanorum, qui tenebantur a Carthaginiensibus, 
 redditl sunt. PoenI Sicilia,^ Sardinia, et ceteris 
 Insulls, quae inter Italiam Africam que jacent, deces- 
 serunt, omnemque Hispaniam quae citra Hiberum 
 est^ Romanis permlserunt. 
 
 1182. 
 
 4 187, II, a. 
 
 6 314. 
 
 8 201. 
 
 2 314. 
 
 5 295, 1. 
 
 7 227, 1. 
 
 9 214. 
 
 3 230. 
 
 
 
 
NOTES ON THE SELECTIONS FOR 
 
 READING. 
 
 235. ei: for her. pariebat : notice the imperfect tense, 
 which is regularly used to denote a customary or repeated ac- 
 tion, illam : this is the subject of celdre ; mdssani is the 
 object. repperit : from reperio. nisi quod: except what; 
 the antecedent of quod is id understood, minores : i.e. lesser 
 riches; understand divitids. 
 
 236. pascebantur : used to graze. dissidio . . , orto : 
 
 when discord arose or since discord arose., lit. discord having 
 arisen. In rendering the ablative absolute, pains should be 
 taken to translate it by an equivalent English idiom. quan- 
 tum boni : how great advantage^ lit. how much of good. 
 
 237. Cui : indirect object of inquit. boum : gen. plu. of 
 bos. ista: your, lit. that., that of yours. quod: in that; 
 the clause quod pateris is explanatory of invidia. pateris : 
 from patior. nee . . . nee : neither . . . nor. velis, pos- 
 sis : these verbs are in the subjunctive by attraction. In Latin, 
 a clause dependent upon a subjunctive is regularly attracted 
 into the same mood ; § 324. 
 
 238. Duo: two men. una: the adv., together. iter 
 faeiebant : were travelling, lit. ivere making a journey. nee : 
 and . . . not. 
 
 239. praetereunti : ivho ivas passing by ; pres. participle of 
 praetereo. 
 
 240. ille: i.e. the farmer. eum : the mouse. quod 
 desperare debeat : that it ought to despair; quod is the rela- 
 
 126 
 
Notes on the Selections for Reading. 127 
 
 tive ; clauses of result are sometimes introduced by relatives. 
 modo . . . velit : provided it wishes ; modo in this sense is 
 regularly followed by the subjunctive. 
 
 241. qui. . . extrahat : to pull it out. Hoc: i.e. the 
 removal of the bone. parva merces : this is the predicate 
 nominative with videtui\ the subject of videtur being the clause 
 quod . . . extrdxistl, that you took you?' head out unharmed. 
 
 242. iiiquiunt : 3d plu. of inquit ; its subject is hostes. 
 hoc ipsum : this very thing. cum : though. 
 
 243. Agricola senex : an old farmer. mortem sibi 
 appropinquare : that death urns approaching him^ lit. death to 
 approach himself. ut fieri solet : as is wont to happen. 
 noverat: knew; the perfect of nosed has the force of the 
 present in the sense, I know, and the pluperfect similarly 
 has the force of the imperfect. ut frangerent : to break. 
 Observe that frangerent is in the imperfect, although hortdtur 
 is in the present. At first sight this seems to violate the prin- 
 ciple for the sequence of tenses ; but hortdtur is what is called 
 an Historical Present, i.e. it really refers to the past ; and hence 
 is treated as an historical tense. Quod cum facere non 
 possent : and when they could not do this, lit. ichen they could 
 not do which ; it is very common in Latin to introduce a sen- 
 tence by a relative, w'here in English we should employ a de- 
 monstrative or personal pronoun with a conj., — and he, hut he, 
 and this, hut this, etc. fractis : i.e. by the sons, quam- 
 que : and how ; que is the enclitic. 
 
 244. quo modo . . . caverent : as to how they should guard 
 against the cat. mtiltis aliis propositis : when many other 
 things had heen proposed. posse : this infinitive depends 
 upon the idea of thinking involved in placuit, etc. cum jam 
 quaereretur, etc. : when it came to asking ivho would fasten, 
 lit. when it was already asked, etc. ; qui is the interrogative ; 
 this form (instead of quis) often occurs in indirect questions. 
 
 245. sese : it, i.e. the tortoise. eam. rem : earn is subject 
 of peters ; rem is the object. arreptam sustulit : snatched 
 up and carried. 
 
128 Notes on the Selections for Reading. 
 
 246. Prima : understand pars. ait : third sing, of pres. 
 ind. of ajo. et : also. qui : its antecedent is the following 
 is. inimicum : as an enemy. Quid facerent, etc. : what 
 
 were the beasts to do ? quae : which one f 
 
 247. Satumus : the god Saturn. Janiculo : the Janic- 
 ulum was a hill on the right bank of the Tiber, directly 
 opposite the seven hills on which Kome was built. 
 
 248. Troja : the famous city in northwestern Asia Minor. 
 The mythical date of its overthrow is 1184 b.c. Hinc : i.e. 
 from Troy. pepercerat : from pared. ei benigne re- 
 cepto dedit : received him kindly and gave him., lit. gave to 
 him having been Jdndly received. in matrimonium, in 
 honorem : in marriage, in honor; the Latin says into. 
 
 249. monte Albano : in Latium about twenty miles S.E. 
 of Rome. Alba Longa : lit. the long white (town) ; so called 
 from the fact that its white buildings stretched for a long dis- 
 tance over the ridge of the hill. genitus erat : from gig no. 
 usque ad Romam conditam : iip to the very founding of 
 Bome, lit. even up to Home founded. 
 
 250. tonaret : impersonal. minor natu : the younger, 
 lit. the lesser as to birth. praecipitatus est: fell headlong. 
 reliquisset : inasmuch as the preceding indirect question is 
 indirect discourse, reliquisset is a subordinate clause in indi- 
 rect discourse ; hence the subjunctive. 
 
 251. Vestal em virginem : there were six Vestal virgins ; 
 their duty was to watch the fire which was kept constantly 
 burning on the hearth of Vesta's temple. a Marte : by (lit. 
 from) Mars. peperit : ivom parib. 
 
 252. ultra ripam, etc. : i.e. had overflowed its banks, lit. had 
 poured itself beyond the bank. effuderat is from effundo. 
 essent positi: = posit'i essent ; from, pb no. in sicco: on 
 dry land; sicco is used substantively. Quod: this, lit. 
 ivhich ; another illustration of the use of the relative pronoun, 
 where in English we naturally employ the demonstrative. 
 sustulit : from tollo. nutriendos : to be called for. 
 
Notes on the Selections for Heading. 129 
 
 253. transegerunt : from ^mws/r/o. adolevissent : from 
 adolesco. fratreni irridens : in ridicule of his brother^ lit. 
 ridiculiiuj. 
 
 254. populis : the pupil sliould bear in mind that tliis means 
 tribes, uni people in the ordinary English sense. ipsos : vei^y. 
 spectantes : as they were looking on. 
 
 255. raptores : those icho had seized (the maidens). 
 quod: u'hat {that ichich) ; as antecedent, understand id. object 
 of darent. et ea : those also, those too ; et is here an adverb. 
 
 256. Forum Romanum : the Forum was situated on level 
 ground surrounded by six of the seven hills of Rome. raptae : 
 the {women who had been) seized. hinc . . . hinc : oii the 
 one side . . . on the other. 
 
 257. discripsit : i.e. organized different political and social 
 classes. cum . . . turn : not only . . . but also, lit. ichen 
 . . . then {ivhile . . . at the same time). ortam : from orior. 
 oculis : from the eyes ; oculis is really dative ; verbs of taking 
 avxiy at times take the dative in the sense of from. alii . . . 
 alii : some . . . others. 
 
 258. interregnum : interregnum, i.e. a period between reigns. 
 Curibus : this limits ndtus. quidem : to be sure; observe 
 that quidem always lays stress upon the word immediately pre- 
 ceding it (here bellum) ; frequently it is best to attempt no 
 special translation of quidem, but to bring out its force in Eng- 
 lish by the arrangement of words or by oral emphasis, 
 gessit : from gero. nee minus tamen profuit : and yet he 
 was none the less of advantage. et . . . et : both . . . and. 
 se nymphae. etc.\: he said he did at the advice of the nymph 
 Egeria, his loife. 
 
 259. praestiterat : from praesto. regnSsset : = regnd- 
 visset ; § 116. 1. arsit : remember that di'deo is intransitive. 
 
 260. nova ei moenia circumdedit : surrounded it with new 
 imlls, lit. surrounded new walls to it. ad Tiberis ostia : 
 Rome was some twenty miles from the mouth of the Tiber by 
 the course of the river. obiit : died, lit. met {death). 
 
130 Notes on the Selections for Heading. 
 
 262. pupillis : from his icards. minorum gentium : un- 
 
 aerstand sendtdres, i.e. senators of the lesser gentes (tribes). 
 nee paucos agros : and not afeio lands. hostibus : from 
 the enemy; dative. ademptos : from adimo. trium- 
 
 phans : in a triumphal procession^ lit. triumphing. Cloacas : 
 several of the ancient Roman sewers still exist and are in use 
 to-day. Capitolium : the magnificent temple on the summit 
 of the Capitoline Hill. It was dedicated to Jupiter, Juno, and 
 Minerva. per Anci filios : i.e. at their instigation ; they 
 hired assassins to perform the deed. quibus : from whom; 
 dative. 
 
 264. grave quidem : serious, to he sure. eum petere : 
 that he requested. dum convaluisset : iintil he should 
 recover. 
 
 265. in agris : in the country, jacens : (which was) 
 lying. 
 
 266. Templum Jovis : the one begun by Tarquinius Priscus. 
 ipsa : iLHth her own hand. 
 
 267. Hanc ob causani : when a noun is limited by an 
 adjective or a pronoun, the preposition very often stands be- 
 tween the two. in exitium : for the destruction. ei : i.e. 
 against him. 
 
 268. si . . . esset : esset is in the subjunctive as the result 
 of attraction to the subjunctive coerceret. insolentiores : 
 too arrogant. expulsis regibus : after the expulsion of the 
 kings. Collatino : from Collatinus (dative). Placuerat : 
 they had ordained^ lit. it had pleased {them). in ejus locum : 
 in his place. 
 
 269. urbi : against the city. inter sese occiderunt : 
 killed each other. Roman! . . . victores recesserunt : 
 the Bomans retired as victors ; victores is the predicate nomina- 
 tive. lux§runt : from liigeo. 
 
 270. Horatius Codes : read Macaulay's Horatius at the 
 Bridge (Lays of Ancient Borne) for a spirited account of Ho- 
 ratius's achievement. ad suos : to his friends. 
 
Notes on the Selections for Reading. 131 
 
 271. eo consilio, etc. : with this design, viz. to kill the king, 
 the clause nt . . . occideret is in apposition with consilio. 
 ignibus allatis : by bringing in fires; alldfis is from affero. 
 terreret : i.e. endeavored to frighten him. accensae : burn- 
 ing, lit. kindled. consumpta esset : this loss of his right 
 hand was the origin of the name Scaevola, ' the left-handed.' 
 conjurasse : a shortened form for conjurdvisse ; § 116, 1. 
 privatus : as a private citizen. 
 
 272. post reges exactos : after the expulsion of the kings. 
 trans Anienem : hardly more than three or four miles from 
 the city. fabulam de ventre, etc. : according to the fable, 
 the limbs of the body once rebelled and refused longer to 
 furnish food for the stomach. Menenius pointed out that 
 the governing class at Rome was really just as essential to 
 the welfare of the state, as was the stomach to the welfare 
 of the body. tribuni : at first two in number, later five, and 
 ultimately ten. By their power of intercession they could 
 protect plebeians from the unjust treatment of which the 
 patrician magistrates were often guilty. 
 
 273. quintum milliarium urbis : fifth milestone from the 
 city. Quo facto : and ivlien this had been done. ut 
 proditor : as a traitor. 
 
 274. duce Fabio : under the leadership of Fabius. hos- 
 tes : obj. of vlcissent. dolo usi: having employed strategy. 
 exorto : from exorior. IJnus : one only. 
 
 275. trecentesimo et altero : the three hundred and second. 
 ab urbe condita -.from the founding of the city. 
 
 276. ludi litterarii: the two words together mean school, 
 lit. a school for letters (reading and writing), as opposed, for 
 example, to a gladiatorial school, where gladiators were trained. 
 principum filios : as hostages. in castra hostium : i.e. of 
 the Komans. manibus . . . vinctis : v:ith his hands tied 
 behind his back. quibus . . . agerent : icith which to drive. 
 Camillo crimini . . . datum est ; lit. it loas set against Camil- 
 lus for a charge, i.e. Camillus was accused. triumphasset : 
 = triumphdvisset. damnatus : understand est from expulsus est. 
 
132 Notes on the Selections for Reading. 
 
 277. Paulo post : post is here an adverb. Galli Senones : 
 a tribe from nortlierii Italy. ad Alliam : tlie Allia was a 
 small river flowing into the Tiber about eleven miles from Rome. 
 occuparunt : = occupdverunt. in eo, etc. : were on the point 
 of purchasing, lit. were in this (viz.), that they should purchase ; 
 ut . . . emerent explains eo. 
 
 278. quarto milliario : at the fourth milestoyie ; abl. of 
 place, without the prep; § 228, 1, h. 
 
 279. secum : = cum se ; the preposition cum is always thus 
 appended to the personal and reflexive pronouns. obtulit : 
 from offero. armatus : in arms. ei supra dextrum, etc. : 
 perched above his right arm, lit. above the right arm to him. 
 Ita factum est : thus it happened. nuUo negotio : icith no 
 difficulty, i.e. loithout difficulty. 
 
 280. dictatoris : on occasions of great public danger, the 
 Romans often appointed a dictator, who had absolute power. 
 His period of office was limited to six months. Qui cum : 
 lohen he. magister equitum : the master of the horse was 
 appointed by the dictator and ranked next to him. nactus : 
 from nanciscor. capitis damnatus est : luas condemned to 
 death, lit. of his head (i.e. of his life). 
 
 281. post : adv. faciendum : i.e. faciendum esse. aut 
 . . . aut : either . . . or. dimittendos : understand esse. 
 sub jugum : in token of submission ; the yoke was made by 
 setting two spears in the ground and laying a third across the 
 top. 
 
 282. poposcerunt : from posed. agerentur : subjunctive 
 by attraction to renuntidrent. 
 
 283. per noctem : by night. adversTs vulneribus : W)ith 
 wounds in front. etiam mortuos : even in death. Ego 
 cum talibus viris . . . subigam : this is equivalent to a condi- 
 tional sentence of the second type, Jf I should have such soldiers, 
 I should subdue. 
 
Notes on the Selections for Reading. 183 
 
 284. perrexit : from per^o. a.6. Vx^.ene&te . to the vicinity 
 of Praeneste ; to say: to Praeneste, the accusative alone would 
 have sufficed, mUliario, etc.: at the eighteenth milestone; 
 abl. of place, without the prep. exercitus : objective gen. 
 depending upon terrore ; fear of the army. de captlvis 
 redimendis : tvith regard to ransoming the captives. si 
 transiret : this is virtually a subordinate clause in indirect 
 discourse, since ])rdmitteret is practically equivalent to said he 
 would give him. 
 
 285. admiratione teneretur : in English, we say : to he 
 filled ivith admiration. ea condicione : explained by the 
 following ?<i-clause. nisi recessisset : unless he should 
 withdraw. 
 
 286. interjects anno : after the lapse of a year., lit. a year 
 having been put between. " Ille est Fabricius qui ■' : Fabri- 
 cius is one who. a Tarento : from the vicinity of Tarentum ; 
 to say : from Tarentum., the ablative alone would have sufficed. 
 ad Argos : near Argi (Argos). 
 
 287. trajecenint : here intransitive, — crossed over. 
 
 288. Faucis annis inter jectTs : after the lapse of a few 
 years. in fideni : into allegiance. Quam cum, etc. : 
 when Reguhis loas unwilling to grant this. nisi durissimis 
 condicionibus : except on very hard terms. captus : for 
 captus est. 
 
 289. desiisse : from desino. ne , . . facerent : not tc 
 make. illos . . . habere : indirect discourse dependent on 
 the idea of saying involved in sudsit. tanti non esse : that 
 it was not ivorth while, lit. of so great account ; tantl is a pred- 
 icate genitive of quality, with some such word as preti {of 
 value) understood. ut . . . redderentur : this substantive 
 clause of result is the logical subject of esse. 
 
 290. captae, demersae, capta : understand su7it with 
 these. 
 
GENERAL LATIN-ENGLTSH VOCABU- 
 LARY. 
 
 Note. — Of the sixteen hundred words in this Vocabulary, only 
 about 750 are employed in the Lessons of the body of the book. 
 The remainder occur in the Reading Selections, the Fables, and 
 the Roman History. Regular verbs of the first conjugation 
 are indicated by the numeral 1 following the present indicative. 
 
 A., abbreviation for Aulus, 
 
 A7tlUS. 
 
 a, ab, prep.w. abl., from ; by ; of. 
 abeo, ire, ii, itiirus, go away; 
 
 of time, pass. 
 abici5, ere, jeci, jectus, throw 
 
 away, cast. 
 absens (pres. participle of ab- 
 
 sum), entis, absent. 
 abstine5, ere, tinui, abstain 
 
 from. 
 absum, esse, afui, afuturus, be 
 
 absent, be distant (§ 125). 
 ac (atque), and, and also; ac 
 
 is not used before vowels. 
 Acca Larentia, ae, f., Acca La- 
 
 rentia, a woman's name, 
 accedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, 
 
 draio near. 
 accendo, ere, cendT, census, 
 
 kindle. 
 accido, ere, idi, happen. 
 
 adjaceo 
 
 accingo, ere, inxi, inctus, gird. 
 accipio, ere, epi, eptus, receive. 
 accurro, ere, cucurri, cursum, 
 
 run to, run iip ; hasten. 
 acciis5, 1, accuse. 
 acer, acris, acre, sharp, vigor- 
 ous, keen, severe. 
 acerbus. a, um, unripe, sour. 
 acies, ei, f., line of battle. 
 acriter, sharply, fiercely. 
 ad, prep. w. ace, to, towards; 
 
 for (denoting purpose) ; near. 
 add5, ere, idi, itus, add. 
 addiico, ere, diixi, ductus, lead 
 
 on. impel. 
 adeo, ire. ii. itiirus, approach. 
 
 go to, visit. 
 adimo, ere, emi, emptus, take 
 
 away. 
 aditus, lis, m.. approach. 
 adjaceo, ere. ui, itiirus, lie near^ 
 
 be situated near. 
 
 135 
 
adjungo 
 
 136 
 
 altus 
 
 adjungo, ere, junxi, junctus, 
 join to ; annex. 
 
 adjuvo, are, juvi, jutus, help. 
 
 administrd, I., perform. 
 
 admiratio, onis, f., admiration. 
 
 admiror, ari, atus sum, ad- 
 mire. 
 
 admodum, quite^ very much. 
 
 admoneo, ere, ui, itus, remind, 
 warn. 
 
 adolesco, ere, levi, grow up. 
 
 adorior, iri, ortus sum, attack. 
 
 adsum, adesse, adfui, he pres- 
 ent., he at hand (§ 125). 
 
 adulescens, centis, m,, young 
 man. 
 
 advenio, ire, veni, ventum, ar- 
 rive. 
 
 adventus, us, in., arrival. 
 
 adversarius, ii, m., adversary. 
 
 adversum, adversus, prep. w. 
 ace, against. 
 
 adversus, a, um, adverse ; in 
 front (of wounds). 
 
 advesperasco, ere, to grow 
 dark. 
 
 aedificium, i (ii), n,, huilding. 
 
 aedifico, 1, hiiild. 
 
 Aeneas, ae, m., Aeneas, a man's 
 name (§22). 
 
 aequalis, is, c, mate. 
 
 aequalis, e, equal. 
 
 aequitas, talis, 1, justice. 
 
 aequus, qua, quum, level. 
 
 aer, aeris, m,, air. 
 
 aestas, talis, f., summer. 
 
 aelas, talis, f., agp, time of 
 life. 
 
 affero, ferre, attuli, allatus, 
 
 _ hring (§ 129). 
 
 Africa, ae, f., Africa. 
 
 ager, agri, m. afield, land. 
 agger, eris, m., emhankment, 
 
 rampart. 
 agmen, minis, n., army (on the 
 
 march), column. 
 agnus, i, m., lamh. 
 ago, ere, egi, actus, do ; drive; 
 
 spend. 
 agricola, ae, va., farmer. 
 agricullura, ae, f., agriculture. 
 Agrippa, ae, m., Agrippa, a 
 
 man's name. 
 ajo, defective (§ 135), srt?/;pres. 
 
 and perf. 3d sing. ait. 
 ala, ae, f., wing. 
 alacer, cris, ere, eager. 
 Alba Longa, Albae Longae, f., 
 
 Alha Longa, name of a town. 
 Albanus, a, um, Alhan. 
 albus, a, um, ichite. 
 alienus, a, um, unfavorahle. 
 aliquando, once upon a time; 
 
 formerly. 
 aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, adj., 
 
 some (§ 91). 
 aliquis, aliquid, some one, some- 
 thing (§91). 
 aliquot, indecL, several, some. 
 alius, a, ud, other, another, 
 
 else (§ 6(3). 
 Allia, ae, f., Allia, a river, 
 alligo, 1, hind, fasten. 
 Allobroges, um, the Allohroges, 
 
 a Gallic tribe, 
 alloquor, loqui, locutus sum, 
 
 address, speak to. 
 alo, ere, alui, alius, noui'ish. 
 alter, era, erum, the other; sec- 
 ond (§ ()6). 
 alliliido, inis, f., height; depth. 
 altus, a, um, higli; deep; as 
 
amice 
 
 137 
 
 armilla 
 
 noun, altum, i, n., the deep 
 (sea). 
 
 amice, adv., in a friendly man- 
 ner. 
 
 amicitia, ae, i., friendship. 
 
 amicus, a, urn, friendly. 
 
 amicus, i, m., friend. 
 
 amitto, ere, misi, missus, lose. 
 
 amnis, is, m., river. 
 
 amo, 1, love. 
 
 amplio, 1, enlarge. 
 
 amplius, adv., more. 
 
 amplus, a, um, ample., glori- 
 ous. 
 
 Amulius, i (ii), in., Amiili^is, a 
 man's name. 
 
 an, interrog. particle, or, 
 whether. 
 
 Anchises, ae, m., Anchises, a 
 man's name (§ 22). 
 
 ancora, ae, f., anchor. 
 
 Ancus Marcius, gen. Anci Marci 
 (ii), m., Ancus Marcius., 
 fourth king of Kome. * 
 
 angustiae, arum, f. pi., a nar- 
 roKJ j^dss. 
 
 angustus, a, um, narrow. 
 
 animadverto, ere, verti, versus, 
 notice. 
 
 animal, malis, n., animal. 
 
 animus, i, m., mind, soul; 
 ronragr, heart. 
 
 Anio, Anienis, m., Anio, name 
 of a river. 
 
 annecto, ere, nexui, nexus, tie 
 to. 
 
 annus, i, m., year. 
 
 annuus, a, um, for one year. 
 
 ante, prep. w. ace, before, in 
 front of; adv., before, ago. 
 
 antea, previously, before. 
 
 antecedo, ere. cessi, cessurus, 
 
 precede. 
 antequam, conj., before. 
 antiquus, a. um, ancient. 
 anulus, i, m., ring. 
 anus, lis, f., old woman. 
 apertus, a, um, open. 
 apparatus, us, m., luxury. 
 appareo, ere, ui, ajjpear. 
 appello, 1, name, call. 
 appeto. ere, ivi, or ii, itus, seek, 
 
 try to get. 
 Appius, i (ii), m., Appius, a 
 
 uuin's name. 
 appropinquo, 1, approach. 
 Aprilis, e, adj., of April. 
 apud, prep. w. ace, among, at, 
 
 icith, at the home of. 
 aqua, ae, f. , water. 
 aquila, ae, f., eagle. 
 Aquitania, ae, f., Aquitania, a 
 
 district of Gaul. 
 ara, ae, f., altar. 
 arbitror, trari. tratus sum, con- 
 sider. 
 arbor, oris, f., tree. 
 arceo, ere, ui, keep off; keep 
 
 av:ay. 
 arcesso, ere, ivi, itus, summon. 
 Ardea, ae, f. , Ardea, a La,tin 
 
 town. 
 ardeo, ere, arsi, arsiirus. burn. 
 area, ae, f. . courtyard. 
 argentum, i, n., silver. 
 Argi, orum, m., Argos, name 
 
 of a town. 
 Ariovistus, i, m., Ariovistus. 
 arma, orum, n. pi., arms. 
 armatiira, ae, f., equipment. 
 armatus, a, um, armed. 
 armilla, ae, f., bracelet. 
 
armo 
 
 138 
 
 bos 
 
 armo, 1, arm. 
 
 arripio, ere, ui, eptus, seize. 
 
 arrogd, 1, lay claim to. 
 
 Arruns, runtis, m., Arrims, 
 a man's name. 
 
 arx, arcis, f., citadel. 
 
 Ascanius, i (ii), m., Ascanius^ 
 son of Aeneas. 
 
 Asia, ae, f., Asia. 
 
 Asina, ae, m., Asina, a man's 
 name. 
 
 asinus, i, m., ass. 
 
 assentator, oris, m., flatterer. 
 
 asylum, i, n., j^lace of refuge. 
 
 at, but. 
 
 Athenae, arum, f. pi., Athens. 
 
 Athenodorus, i, m., Athenodo- 
 rus, a man's name. 
 
 Atilius, i (ii), Atilius, a man's 
 name. 
 
 atque, and., and also ; see ac. 
 
 Atticus, i, m., Atticus, a friend 
 of Cicero. 
 
 attuli, perf. of affer5. 
 
 auctoritas, "talis, f., authority., 
 influence. 
 
 audacter, courageously., brave- 
 ly- 
 
 audax, gen. audacis, coura- 
 geous. 
 
 audeo, ere, ausus sum, semi- 
 dep., dare. 
 
 audio, ire, ivi, itus, hear. 
 
 aufugio, ere, fiigi, fugitiirus, 
 flee. 
 
 augeo, ere, auxi, auctus, in- 
 crease (tr.). 
 
 Aulus, i, m., Aulus, a man's 
 name. 
 
 aureus, a, um, golden. 
 
 auriga, ae, m., charioteer. 
 
 aurum, i, n., gold. 
 
 aut, or; aut . . . aut, either 
 
 . . . or. 
 autem, hqwever ; but. 
 autumnus, i., ni., autumn. 
 auxilium, i (ii), n., aid, help; 
 
 in pi. auxilia, orum, n., aux- 
 . iliary troops, auxiliaries. 
 Avaricum, i, n., Avaricu^n. 
 Aventinus, i, Aventine, a hill 
 
 of Kome. 
 averto, ere, ti, versus, avert, 
 
 turn aside. 
 avicula, ae, f., small bird. 
 avus, i, m., grandfather. 
 
 Bacenis, is, f., Bacenis, a forest 
 
 in Germany, 
 barba, ae, f. , beard. 
 barbarus, i, m., a barbarian; 
 
 adj., us, a, um, barbarian. 
 beatus, a, um, happy. 
 Belgae, arum, m. pi., Belgians, 
 
 a Gallic tribe, 
 bellicosus, a, um, warlike. 
 bello, 1, make war, carry on 
 
 icar. 
 bellum, i, n., loar. 
 bene, adv., well (§ 77). 
 beneficium, i (ii), n,, a kindness. 
 benigne, kindly, graciously. 
 bestia, ae, f., beast. 
 Bibulus, i, m., Bibuhis, a 
 
 man's name, 
 biduum, i, n,, two days. 
 Boji, orum, m. pi., the Boji, an 
 
 ancient tribe. 
 bonus, a, um, good; in pi. bona, 
 
 orum, n. , property (§ 236, 1). 
 bos, bovis, m., ox; gen. pi. 
 
 boum (§ 41). 
 
bracchium 
 
 139 
 
 Cineas 
 
 bracchium, i (ii), n., arm. 
 brevis, e, sho7't, brief; brevi, 
 
 icithin a short time. 
 Britannia, ae, f., Britain. 
 Briitus, I, ui., Brutns, a man's 
 
 name. 
 
 C, abbreviation for Gaius, 
 Gains. 
 
 cado, ere, cecidi, casurus,/i^//?. 
 
 caedes, is, f., sJdnjjhter. 
 
 caedo, ere, cecidi, caesus, cut., 
 sla>/, kill. 
 
 caelum, i, n., heaven. 
 
 Caesar, aris, m., Caesar. 
 
 calamitas, tatis, f., calamity. 
 
 Camillus, i, m., Camillus, a 
 man's name. 
 
 Campania, ae, f., Campania. 
 
 canis, is, c, dog. 
 
 capess5, ere, ivi, itus, take; 
 fugam capessere, J?ee. 
 
 capio, capere, cepi, captus, 
 take; adopt; capture. 
 
 Capitolium, i (ii), n., the Cap- 
 itol. 
 
 capra, ae, f. , she-goat. 
 
 captiva, ae, f., captive. 
 
 captivus, i, m,, captive., pris- 
 oner. 
 
 caput, itis, n., head. 
 
 career, eris, m., p>rison. 
 
 carpentum, i, n., chariot. 
 
 carp5, ere, psi, ptus, pluck; 
 enjoy. 
 
 Carthaginiensis, e, Carthagin- 
 ian ; Carthaginienses, ium, 
 m., Carthaginians. 
 
 carus, a, um, dear. 
 
 cassita, ae, f., lark. 
 
 castellum, i, n., fort. 
 
 castra, orum, n. pi., a camp. 
 casus, us, m., chance., fortune; 
 
 misfortune. 
 catena, ae, f., chain. 
 Catilina, ae, m., Catiline. 
 Cat5, onis, m., Cato, a man's 
 
 name. 
 Catulus, 1, m., Catulus, a man's 
 
 name, 
 causa, ae, f., cause, reason, 
 
 condition; causa, abl., for 
 
 the sake of; the dependent 
 
 genitive precedes causa, 
 caute, cautiously, comp. cau- 
 
 tius. 
 caveo, ere, cavi, cautiirus, be 
 
 on one''s guard. 
 cedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, yield, 
 
 icithdraw. 
 celer, eris, e, sidft. 
 celeritas, tatis, f., speed. 
 celeriter, quickly. 
 celo, 1. conceal. 
 census, iis, m., census. 
 centum, hundred, indecl. 
 centurio. onis, m., centurion. 
 cerno, ere, perceive. 
 certamen, inis, n., contest. 
 certe, certainly ; at any rate. 
 certus, a. um, sure ; comp. 
 
 certior in phrase certior fieri. 
 
 be informed; certiorem fa- 
 cere, inform. 
 cessator, oris, m., loiterer. 
 ceteri, ae, a, the rest; the 
 
 others. 
 cibus. i. m.. food. 
 Cicero, onis, m., Cicero, the 
 
 Roman orator. 
 Cineas, ae. m., Cineas. a man's 
 
 name (§ 22). 
 
circiter 
 
 140 
 
 communis 
 
 circiter, adv., about. 
 
 circumaro, 1, ploiKjh around. 
 
 circumdo, dare, dedi, datus, 
 surround, place around. 
 
 circumeo, ire, ii, itus, go 
 around, surround (§ 132). 
 
 circumvenio, ire, veni, ventus, 
 sin'round. 
 
 citerior, ius, comp. adj., nearer ; 
 hither (§ 73, 1). 
 
 citra, prep. w. ace, this side of. 
 
 civis, is, c, citizen., fellow- 
 citizen. 
 
 civitas, talis, f., state. 
 
 clam, secretly. 
 
 clamor, oris, m., shout, shout- 
 ing. 
 
 clarus, a, um, clear, loud; dis- 
 tinguished. 
 
 classis, classis, f., fleet. 
 
 Claudius, i (ii), m., Claudius, 
 a man's name. 
 
 claudo, ere, clausi, clausus, 
 shut, close. 
 
 claustruni, i, n., fastening. 
 
 Clemens, gen. entis, merciful. 
 
 clipeus, i, m., shield. 
 
 cloaca, ae, f., sewer. 
 
 Cn., abbreviation of Gnaeus, 
 Gnaeus, a man's name. 
 
 Codes, itis, m.. Codes, a man's 
 name. 
 
 coepi, coepisse, began, have 
 hegun (§ 133). 
 
 coerceo, ere, ui, itus, hold in 
 check, confine. 
 
 cogito, 1, think. 
 
 cognomen, inis, n., name, sur- 
 name. 
 
 cognoscd, ere, novi, nitus, 
 learn. 
 
 c5go, ere, coegi, coactus, force, 
 compel; collect. 
 
 cohibeo, ere, ui, itus, check, 
 restrain. 
 
 cohors, cohortis, f., cohort (di- 
 vision of a legion). 
 
 Collatinus, i, m., Collatinus, a 
 man's name. 
 
 collatus, perf. pass. ptc. of 
 confero. 
 
 collega, ae, m., colleague. 
 
 collis, is, m., hill. 
 
 colloco, 1, p)lace, arrange, sta- 
 tion. 
 
 colloquium, i (ii), n., confer- 
 ence. 
 
 colloquor, i, lociitus sum, con- 
 fer. 
 
 collum, i, n., neck. 
 
 colonia, ae, f. , colony. 
 
 combiird, ere, ussi, ustus, to 
 burn up, consume. 
 
 Comitium, i (ii),n., Comitium, 
 a place of public assembly at 
 Eome. 
 
 commeatus, iis, m., supplies. 
 
 commemoro, 1, recotint. 
 
 comminud, ere, ui, utus, dash 
 to pieces. 
 
 committ5, ere, misi, missus, 
 bring together; with proe- 
 lium or pugnam, to join 
 battle. 
 
 commoror, ari, atus sum, delay, 
 sojourn. 
 
 commoveo, ere, m5vi, motus, 
 move, touch, stir up, excite; 
 induce. 
 
 commiini5, ire, ii, itus, strongly 
 fortify. 
 
 communis, e, common. 
 
commutatio 
 
 141 
 
 contineo 
 
 commutatio, onis, f., change. 
 
 comparo, 1, get ready. 
 
 compello, ere, puli, pulsus, 
 force. 
 
 comperi5, ire, peri, -g^riMs, find 
 out. 
 
 complector, i, plexus sum, em- 
 brace. 
 
 compleo, ere, plevi, pletus, fill 
 up. 
 
 complures, plura, gen. ium, 
 very many. 
 
 comprehendo, ere, endi, ensus, 
 arrest. 
 
 concedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, 
 grant. 
 
 concilio, 1, reconcile., win over. 
 
 concilium, i (ii), n., council. 
 
 Concordia, ae, f., harmony. 
 
 concurro, ere, i, cursum, run 
 together. 
 
 concursus, iis, m., a running 
 together^ concourse. 
 
 condicio, onis, f., condition., 
 terms. 
 
 condo, ere, didi, ditus, found, 
 build; hide., conceal. 
 
 condiico, ere, duxi, ductus, hire. 
 
 confero, ferre, tuli, collatus, 
 bring together; se conferre, 
 hotake one's self {^ 120). 
 
 conficio, ere, feci, fectus, ex- 
 haust. 
 
 confido, ere, fisus sum, trust., 
 semi-dep. (§ 187, II, a). 
 
 confirmo, 1, encourage ; estab- 
 lish., confirm. 
 
 confugio, ere, fiigi, fugiturus, 
 fiee for refuge. 
 
 conicio, ere, jeci, jectus, hurl; 
 cast ; put. 
 
 conjungo, ere, jiinxi, junctus, 
 
 finite. 
 conjunx, jugis, c, husband; 
 
 wife. 
 conjuratio, onis, f., conspiracy. 
 conjuro. 1, conspire. 
 Conon, onis, m., Conon. 
 Conor, ari, atus sum, endeavor^ 
 
 attempt. 
 consector, ari. atus sum, folloiv 
 
 up. 
 consenesco, ere, senui, grow old. 
 consequor, i, secutus sum, ac- 
 quire. 
 consero, ere, ui, tus, join. 
 conserve. 1, preserve, keep. 
 consido, ere, edi, essus, settle. 
 consilium, i (ii), n., plan; 
 
 council; advice. 
 consisto, ere, stiti, consist. 
 conspectus, iis, m., vieiv, sight. 
 conspicio, ere, spexi, spectus, 
 
 see. 
 conspicor, ari, atus sum, catch 
 
 sight of, observe. 
 c5nstantia, ae, i.^perseveraiUce. 
 constat, impers., it is evident 
 
 (§ 138). 
 constituo, ere, ui, utus, decide, 
 
 determine. 
 consul, ulis, m., consid. 
 consulatus, us, m., consulship. 
 consiimo, ere, siimpsi, sump- 
 
 tus, use up, consume. 
 contemno. ere. tempsi, temp- 
 
 tus, despise. 
 contendo, ere, tendi, tentum, 
 
 hurry, hasten; contend. 
 contentus, a, um, contented. 
 contineo, ere, ui, confine, hold 
 
 in check. 
 
contra 
 
 142 
 
 debeo 
 
 contra, prep. w. ace, against^ 
 
 opposite. 
 contrarius, a, um, contrary to, 
 
 opposite. 
 controversia, ae, f., controversij . 
 contumelia, ae, f., insult. 
 convalesco, ere, valui, recover, 
 
 regain strength. 
 convenio, ire, veni, ventum, 
 
 come together, assemble. 
 convoco, 1, call together. 
 copia, ae, f., plentij ; in pi. 
 
 copiae, arum, troops, forces. 
 Corinthus, i, f., Corinth, a city 
 
 of Greece. 
 Coriolanus, i, m., Coriolanus, a 
 
 man's name. 
 Corioli, drum, m,, Corioli, a 
 
 Latin town. 
 Cornelius, i (ii), Cornelius, a 
 
 man's name. 
 cornu, us, n., horn ; in military 
 
 sense, wing of an army. 
 corona, ae, f., garland. 
 corpus, oris, n., hody. 
 corrumpo, ere, rupi, ruptus, 
 
 ruin; bribe. 
 Corvinus, i, m., Corvinus, a 
 
 man's name. 
 corvus, i, m., raven. 
 cottidie, every day, daily. 
 eras, to-morrow. 
 Crassus, i, m., Crassus, a man's 
 
 name. 
 creber, bra, brum, frequent, 
 
 numerous. 
 credo, ere, didi, ditum, believe 
 
 (§ 187, II, a). 
 Cremera, ae, f., Cremera, a 
 
 river in Etrm'ia. 
 creo, 1, make, beget ^ elect. 
 
 crimen, inis, n., charge, accu- 
 sation. 
 criidelis, e, cruel. 
 culp5, 1, blame. 
 
 1. cum, prep. w. abl., loith. 
 
 2. cum, couj., ivhen ; ivhere- 
 upon ; becaitse, since ; though; 
 cum . . . turn, not only . . . 
 but also (§ 341, 3). 
 
 cunctatio, onis, f., delay. 
 
 cupiditas, tatis, f ., desire, eager- 
 ness. 
 
 cupidus, a, um, fond, eager. 
 
 cur, idiy ? 
 
 Cures, ium, f., Cures, a Sabine 
 town. 
 
 ciiria, ae, f. , iixird. 
 
 Curiatius, i (ii); m., pi., Curi- 
 atii, orum, ni., Curiatii, an 
 Alban family, 
 
 Curius, i (ii), m., Curius, con- 
 sul 200 B.C. 
 
 cur5, 1, care for, take care of. 
 
 Cursor, oris, m.,Cu7'sor, a man's 
 name. 
 
 cursus, lis, m. , course, speed. 
 
 ciistodia, ae, f., guard, a guard, 
 custody. 
 
 damno, 1, condemn; capitis 
 damnare, condemn to death. 
 
 Damocles, is, m., Damocles, a 
 Syracu.san. 
 
 Danuvius, I (i\),\w., the Danube. 
 
 Darius, ii, Darius, king of 
 Persia. 
 
 de, prep. w. abl., concerning ; 
 of, from, down from. 
 
 debeo, debere, debui, debitus, 
 ou^e ; with another verb, 
 ought; pass., to be due. 
 
debilito 
 
 U3 
 
 difficulter 
 
 debilito, 1, n'ooken. 
 
 decedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, 
 
 vjithdraw ; die. 
 decern, indecL, ten. 
 decemviri, orum, in., decemvirs, 
 
 a board of ten uien. 
 decerno, cernere, crevi, cretus, 
 
 decree; decide (by combat), 
 fight. 
 decimus, a, um, tenth. 
 declare, 1, make clear., show. 
 decurro, ere, curri, cursiirus, 
 
 run dou:u ; rush, hasten. 
 deditio, onis, f., surrender. 
 dedo, ere, didi, deditus, give 
 
 up, surrender. 
 deduce, ere, duxi, ductus, lead 
 
 away. 
 defectio, onis, f., revolt. 
 defendo, ere, fendi, fensus, de- 
 fend. 
 defensiS, onis, f., defence. 
 deflecto, ere, flexi, flexum, turri 
 
 aside. 
 deinde, then, aftervmrds. 
 delabor, i, lapsus sum, sink 
 
 down. 
 delatus, perf. pass, participle 
 
 of defer 6. 
 delecto, 1, delight. 
 deleo, ere, evi, etus, destroij. 
 delibero, 1, deliberate, con- 
 sult. 
 deligo, ere, legi, lectus, choose. 
 delphinus, i, m., dolphin. 
 Demaratus. i, m., Demaratus, 
 
 a man's name, 
 demergo, ere, mersi, mersus, 
 
 sink. 
 demeto, ere, messui, messus, 
 
 reap. 
 
 demitto, ere, misi, missus, let 
 fall. 
 
 denarius, i (ii), m., denarius, a 
 Roman coin worth about 
 eighteen cents. 
 
 denique, finally. 
 
 dens, dentis, m,, tooth. 
 
 denuo, again. 
 
 depopulor, ari, atus sum, lay 
 waste. 
 
 deprehend5, dere, di, hensus, 
 catch. 
 
 derideo, ere, risi, risus, laugh 
 to scorn. 
 
 desero, ere, serui, sertus, aban- 
 don, desert. 
 
 desino, ere, sii, situm, cease. 
 
 desisto, ere. stiti, cease. 
 
 despero, 1, desj^air, despair rf. 
 
 despici5, ere, spexi, spectus, 
 despise. 
 
 desum, deesse, defui, defutiirus, 
 be wanting, fail (§ 125). 
 
 detraho. ere, traxi, tractus, 
 snatch away. 
 
 detrimentum, i, n., loss, dam- 
 age, harm. 
 
 deus, i, m., god. 
 
 devinco, ere, vici, victus, con- 
 quer. 
 
 dexter, tra, trum. right; as 
 subst. (sc. manus), light hand. 
 
 dico, ere, dixi, dictus, say; 
 utter; appoint; call. 
 
 dictator, oris, m., dictator. 
 
 dies, ei, m, or f., day. 
 
 differo, ferre, distuli, dilatus, 
 differ (§ 120). 
 
 difficilis, e, difficult. 
 difSculter, adv., from adj. diffi.= 
 cilis, loith difficulty. 
 
digitus 
 
 lU 
 
 egredior 
 
 digitus, i, m., finger. 
 
 dignitas, tatis, f., dignity. 
 
 dignus, a, um, vmrthy. 
 
 diligentia, ae, f., diligence. 
 
 dimico, 1, contend. 
 
 dimitto, ere, misi, missus, let 
 go, dismiss, disband. 
 
 Dionysius, i (ii) , m., Dionysius, 
 a tyrant of Syracuse. 
 
 dlripio, ere, ripui, reptus,pZ?t;i- 
 der. 
 
 diruo, ere, rui, rutus, tear doton, 
 destroy. 
 
 discedo, ere, cessi, cessiirus, 
 depart, withdraw. 
 
 disciplina, ae, f., discipline. 
 
 discordia, ae, f., strife, dis- 
 cord. 
 
 disco rdo, 1, be at variance, 
 qnarrel. 
 
 discribo, ere, scrips!, scriptus, 
 mark out ; divide into classes. 
 
 disp5no, ere, posui, positus, 
 distribute. 
 
 dissensio, onis, f., disagree- 
 ment. 
 
 dissidium, i (ii),n., dissension. 
 
 distribuo, ere, ui, utus, distrib- 
 ute. 
 
 diu, adv., a long time. 
 
 diuturnitas, tatis, f., long dura- 
 tion. 
 
 divido, ere, isi, isus, divide. 
 
 divinus, a.n um, sacred. 
 
 divitiae, arum, f. pi., riches. 
 
 do, dare, dedi, datus, give, ren- 
 der ; jmt, set. 
 
 doceo, ere, ui, doctus, teach ; 
 inform of. 
 
 dolor, oris, m., grief. 
 
 dolus, i, m., deceit, cunning. 
 
 dominatio, onis, f., rule, tyr- 
 anny. 
 
 dominus, i, m., master. 
 
 Domitius, i (ii), m., Domitius, 
 a man's name. 
 
 domo, are, ui, itus, subdue. 
 
 domus, lis, f., house, home 
 (§ 49, 4). 
 
 donee, imtil. 
 
 dono, \, present. 
 
 donum, i, n., gift. 
 
 dubito, 1, doubt, be in doubt; 
 hesitate, waver. 
 
 ducenti, ae, a, two hundred. 
 
 diico, ere, duxi, ductus, lead. 
 
 Duilius, i (ii), ni., Duilius, a 
 man's name. 
 
 dum, io/izVe ; as long as ; until. 
 
 Dumnorix, rigis, m. , Dumnorix, 
 acliir]: of the Haedui. 
 
 duo, duae, duo, two (§ 80, 1). 
 
 duodecim, indecl., twelve. 
 
 diirus, a, um, hard, severe. 
 
 dux, ducis, ni., leader. 
 
 e, ex, prep. w. abl., out of, of, 
 from ; e is not used before 
 vowels or h. 
 
 ediico, ere, diixi, ductus, lead 
 forth. 
 
 efficio, ere, feci, fectus, make, 
 render ; do, bring about. 
 
 effodio, ere, f odi, fossus, dig up. 
 
 effugio, ere, fiigi, fugitiirus, es- 
 cape. 
 
 effundo,ere, f iidi, f usus,powr o wi. 
 
 Egeria, ae, f., Egeria, name of 
 a nymph. 
 
 ego, mei, I. 
 
 egredior, gredi, gressus sum, 
 march out. 
 
egregius 
 
 145 
 
 exstinguo 
 
 egregius, a, um, excellent, es- 
 pecial. 
 
 eicio, ere, jeci, jectus, thrust 
 out; se eiceie, rush fo7'th. 
 
 ejus modi, of that kind (§ 203, 
 
 !)• 
 elabor, labi, lapsus sum, glide 
 
 avay^ escape; elapse. 
 elatus, perf. partic. of effero. 
 elephantus, i, m., elephant. 
 em5, ere, emi, emptus, huy. 
 enim, for ; cannot begin a sen- 
 tence. 
 eo, adv., thither, to that place, 
 eb, ire, ivi (ii), itum, go 
 
 (§ 132). 
 eodem, to the same place. 
 Epaminondas, ae, m., Epami- 
 
 nondas, a Tiiebau (§ 22). 
 Epirus, i, f., Epirus. 
 epulae, arum, f . pi., feast. 
 eques, itis, m., horseman; in 
 
 pi., horsemen, cavalry. 
 equester, tris, tre, equestrian. 
 equinus, a, um, of horses; 
 
 seta equina, horse-hair. 
 equitatus, us, m., cavalry. 
 equus, i, m., horse. 
 erga, prep. w. ace, toward. 
 ergo, therefore. 
 eripio, ere, ui, eptus, snatch 
 
 away, take aivay. 
 erro, 1, err. be mistaken. 
 eruptio, onis, f., sally. 
 et, and; et . . . et, both . . . 
 
 and; as adv., also, even. 
 etiam, also ; even. 
 Etriiria, ae, f., Etruria. 
 Etriiscus, a, um, Etruscan; as 
 
 subs., an Etruscan. 
 etsi, although. 
 
 evell5, ere, velli, vulsus, pull 
 
 out. 
 everto, ere, ti, sus, overturn, 
 
 destroy. 
 ex, prep. w. abl., see e. 
 excedo, ere, cessi, cessiirus, 
 
 leave, depart from. 
 excito, 1, stir up, arouse. 
 exeo, ire, ii, itum, go forth, go 
 
 out (§ 132). 
 exerceo, ere, ui, itus, exercise; 
 
 practice. 
 exercitus, iis, m., army. 
 exhaurio, ire, hausi, haustus, 
 
 drain ; impoverish. 
 exigo, ere, egi, actus, drive out, 
 
 banish. 
 exiguus, a, um, small, short. 
 eximius, a, um, extraordinary. 
 existimo, 1, think, consider. 
 exitium, i (ii), n., destruc- 
 tion. 
 exitus, lis, m., exit, passage. 
 exorior, oriri, ortus sum, arise. 
 expedio, ire, ivi, itus, extricate. 
 expeditus, a, um, unencum- 
 bered, ligltt-armed ; easy. 
 expello, ere, puli, pulsus, drive 
 
 out, banish. 
 experior, iri, pertus sum, try, 
 
 test. 
 expl5rator, oris, m., scout. 
 exploro, 1, explore, examine. 
 expugno, 1, take by storm. 
 exquisitus, a, um, elaborate. 
 exsilium, i (ii), n., exile. 
 exsisto, ere, stiti, arise. 
 exspecto, 1, expect, av-ait. 
 exstinguo, ere, stinxi, stinctus, 
 
 destroy ; in pass., be put to 
 
 death, die. 
 
extra 
 
 146 
 
 focus 
 
 extra, prep. w. ace, outside, 
 beyond. 
 
 extraho, ere, traxi, tractus, ex- 
 tract^ draw forth. 
 
 extremus, a, um, extreme, outer- 
 most; end of (§ 73, 2). 
 
 Fabius, i (ii), m., Fabius, a 
 
 man's name ; Fabii, orum, 
 
 m. pi., Fahii, a Roman gens. 
 Fabricius, i (ii), m., Fabricius. 
 fabula, ae, f., fable. 
 facile, easily. 
 facilis, e, easy. 
 
 facinus, inoris, n., crime, deed. 
 facio, ere, feci, factus, make, 
 
 do, pass, irreg. (§ 131). 
 factio, onis, f ., faction. 
 facultas, tatis, f., supply ; pi., 
 
 means, resources. 
 Falerii, orum, m., Falerii, a 
 
 city. 
 Falisci, orum, m., Faliscans, 
 
 inhabitants of Falerii. 
 falx, falcis, f., sicJde. 
 fama, ae, f.. reputation, report. 
 fames, is, 1, hunger ; abl.sing. 
 
 irreg. fame, 
 familiaritas, tatis, f., intimacy. 
 familia, ae, f., household, 
 
 family. 
 famula, ae, 1, servant; slave. 
 fascis, is, ni., bundle. 
 fatum, i, n., fate. 
 fauces, ium, f. pi., throat, jaws. 
 Faustulus, i, m., Faustulus, a 
 
 man's name. 
 faveo, ere, favi, fauturus, 
 
 favor. 
 favor, oris, m., favor, good 
 
 will. 
 
 feles, is, f., cat. 
 
 feliciter, successfully. 
 
 felix, gen. felicis, fortunate, 
 hapx>y. 
 
 femina, ae, f., ivoman. 
 
 fera, ae, f., unld beast. 
 
 f erax, gen. feracis, fertile. 
 
 fere, almost, about, practically, 
 generally. 
 
 fero, ferre, tuli, latus, bear, 
 carry, bring; lift, raise; 
 lend (of help); say (§ 129). 
 
 ferrum, i, n., iroyi; sivord. 
 
 ferveo, ere, bui, groiv hot. 
 
 festum, i, n., festival. 
 
 fides, ei, f., fidelity, loyalty, 
 protection ; confidence, al- 
 legiance. 
 
 fido, ere, fisus sum, semi-dep., 
 triist (§ 187, II, a). 
 
 fidiicia, ae, f., confidence. 
 
 filia, ae, f., daughter (^ 21, 2, e). 
 
 filius, i (ii), m., son. 
 
 finio, ire, ivi, itus, finish, ter- 
 minate. 
 
 finis, is, m., end, boundary; 
 in pi., territory. 
 
 finitimus, a, um, neighboring. 
 
 fio, fieri, factus sum, become, 
 be made ; occur, happen; 
 pass, of facio (§ 131). 
 
 firmiter (firmius, firmissime), 
 firmly. 
 
 firmus, a, um, firm, strong. 
 
 flagito, 1, demand. 
 
 flamma, ae, i., flame, fire. 
 
 flecto. ere, xi. xus, bend, induce. 
 
 fletus, us, ni., icecping. 
 
 flumen, inis, n., river. 
 
 fluvius, i (ii), ni., river. 
 
 focus, i, m., hearth. 
 
foedus 
 
 14T 
 
 Hannibal 
 
 foedus, eris, n., treatii. 
 
 fore, fut. infill, of sum (p. 57, 
 
 footnote 3). 
 forte, hy chance. 
 fortis, e, brave. 
 fortiter, bravely. 
 fortiina, ae, f., fortime ; pi. 
 
 fortiinae, arum, f., fortune 
 
 (possessions). 
 fortiinatus, a, um, lucky. 
 forum, i, n., forum; market- 
 place. 
 fossa, ae, f., ditch, trench. 
 frango. ere, fregi, fractus, 
 
 break. 
 f rater, tris, m., brother. 
 frumentum, i, n., grain. 
 fruor, i, enjoy (§ 218, 1). 
 frustra, adv., in vain. 
 fuga. ae, i.., flight. 
 fugio, ere, fugi, fugiturus, flee, 
 
 escape from. 
 fugo, 1, put to flight. 
 fulmen, inis, n., thunderbolt. 
 funditor, oris, m., slinger. 
 fundo, ere, fudi, fusus, poiir, 
 
 pour out ; of troops, to rout. 
 furcula, ae, f ., fork ; Furculae 
 
 Caudinae, Caudine Forks. 
 Fiirius. i (ii), m., Ftwius, a 
 
 man's name, 
 furtum, 1, n., theft. 
 futurus. a. um, future participle 
 
 of sum. 
 
 Gaius, i, m., Gaius, a man's 
 name. (Abbreviated C.) 
 
 Galba. ae, m., Galba, a man's 
 name. 
 
 Gallia, ae, f., Gaul. 
 
 gallina, ae, f., hen. 
 
 Gallus, i, m., a Gaul. 
 
 gemini, orum, m. pi., tvnns. 
 
 gener, eri, m., son-in-law. 
 
 Geneva, ae, f., Geneva., a town 
 of the Allobroges. 
 
 gens, gentis, f., tribe ; gens 
 (division of the Roman peo- 
 ple). 
 
 genus, eris, n., race., stock, 
 family ; kind. 
 
 Germani, orum, m. pi., Ger- 
 mans. 
 
 gero, ere, gessi, gestus, carry, 
 vjear, icage, perform; of an 
 office, hold. 
 
 gigno, ere, genui, genitus, be- 
 get, bring forth ; pass., be 
 born. 
 
 gladius, i (ii), m., sword. 
 
 Gnaeus, i, m., Gnaeus, a man's 
 name. (Abbreviated Cn.) 
 
 gradus, iis, m., step. 
 
 Graecia, ae, 1, Greece. 
 
 Graecus, i, m., a Greek. 
 
 gratia, ae, f., influence. 
 
 gratus, a, um, pleasing, vjel- 
 come, grateful. 
 
 gravis, e, heavy, difficult; se- 
 vere, serious. 
 
 griis, gruis, f., crane. 
 
 habeo, ere, habui, habitus, 
 
 have, possess, hold. 
 habito, 1, dwell. 
 Haedui, orum, m., Haedui, a 
 
 Gallic tribe, 
 haedus, i, m., kid. 
 Hamilcar. caris, m., Hamilcar, 
 
 a man's name. 
 Hannibal, balls, m., Hannibal, 
 
 a man's name. 
 
hasta 
 
 148 
 
 incendo 
 
 hasta, ae, f., spea7\ 
 
 haud, not. 
 
 Helvetii, orum, m., Ilelvetii, a 
 
 Gallic tribe. 
 Herennius, i (ii), m., Heren- 
 
 nius, a man's name. 
 hiberna, orum, ii. pi., winter 
 
 quarters. 
 Hiberus, i, m., the Hiherus 
 
 (modern Ehro)^ a river in 
 
 Spain. 
 
 1. hie, haec, hoc, pron., this. 
 
 2. hie, adv., here., at this place. 
 hiemo, 1, pass the winter. 
 hiems, is, f., imnter. 
 
 Hiero, onis, m., Hiero, ruler of 
 Syracuse. 
 
 hine, hence; hine . . . hine, on 
 this side . . . on that side. 
 
 Hispania, ae, f., Spain. 
 
 homo, minis, c, man. 
 
 honestas, tatis, f., integrity. 
 
 honor, oris, m., honor. 
 
 honorifice, honorably., with re- 
 spect. 
 
 hora, ae, f., honr. 
 
 Horatius, i (ii), m., Horatins, 
 a man's name ; Horatii, 
 orum, Horatii, a Roman 
 family. 
 
 hortor, ari, atus sum, exhort, 
 nr(fe, encourage. 
 
 Hostilius, i (ii), m., Hostilius, 
 a man's name. 
 
 hostis, is, c, enemy ; especially 
 frequent in pi., the enemy. 
 
 hiie, hither. 
 
 humanus, a, um, human. 
 
 ibi, there, in that place. 
 (ieo), ere, iei, ictus, strike. 
 
 ideired, therefore. 
 
 idem, eadem, idem, the same. 
 
 idolon, i, n., spectre. 
 
 idoneus, a, um, siiitable. 
 
 igitur, therefore, accordingly ; 
 ncno ; (stands usually after 
 first word in clause). 
 
 ignavus, a, um, cowardly. 
 
 ignis, is, m., fire. 
 
 ignominia, ae, f,, ignominy, 
 disgrace. 
 
 ille, ilia, illud, that ; that one ; 
 he, she, it. 
 
 imago, inis, f., image, ghost. 
 
 imbecillis, e, loeak, poor. 
 
 imber, imbris, m., rain-storm. 
 
 immortalis, e, immortal. 
 
 impedimentum, i, n., hin- 
 drance; in pi., baggage. 
 
 impedio, ire, ivi (ii), itus, im- 
 pede, hinder. 
 
 imperator, toris, m., com- 
 mander. 
 
 imperitus, a, um, inexperi- 
 enced. 
 
 imperium, i (ii), n., rule, 
 sway. 
 
 impero, 1, command; demand; 
 order; reign; levy. 
 
 impetus (us), m., attack{^ 57,4). 
 
 imploro, 1, entreat. 
 
 impono, ere, posui, positus, 
 pilace upon. 
 
 improbo, 1, disapprove, reject. 
 
 imus, a, um, lowest (§ 73, 2). 
 
 in, prep. w. abl., in, on, denot- 
 ing rest in a place ; w. ace, 
 into, in, against, to, toward. 
 
 inaeque, unfairly. 
 
 incendo, ere, cendi, census, set 
 on fire. 
 
incertus 
 
 149 
 
 inter dum 
 
 incertus, a, um, uncertain. 
 
 incido, ere, i, fall upon ; fall 
 in with. 
 
 incipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, be- 
 gin. 
 
 incito. 1, urge on^ encourage. 
 
 include, ere, si, sus, shut in. 
 
 incognitus. a, um, unknoion. 
 
 incoho, 1, begin. 
 
 incola, ae, m., inhabitant. 
 
 incolo. ere, colui, cultus, i»- 
 habit. 
 
 incolumis, e, unharmed^ unin- 
 jured. 
 
 incommodum, i, n., disaster. 
 
 incursio, onis, f., incursion^ 
 attack. 
 
 indic5, ere, dixi, dictus, pro- 
 claim, appoint ; with bellum, 
 to declare war. 
 
 indoles, is, f., nature; charac- 
 ter. 
 
 induce, ere, duxi, ductus, lead 
 in ; draw in ; draw. 
 
 ineo, ire, ii, itus, enter iipon ; 
 consilium inire, form a plan 
 (§ 132). 
 
 inermis, e, unarmed. 
 
 inferior, us, loiver, inferior 
 (§ 73, 2). 
 
 infero, ferre, tuli, illatus, bring 
 upon, bring against ; produce 
 (§129). 
 
 infestus, a, um, hostile. 
 
 Tnfimus. a, um. superl. of in- 
 ferior (§ 73, 2). 
 
 infirmus, a, um, weak. 
 
 inflo, 1, bloiL^ out, inflate. 
 
 infrendo, ere, gnash. 
 
 ingens, gen., ingentis, huge. 
 
 ingenuus, a, um, free-born. 
 
 inhaereo, ere, haesi, haesurus, 
 stick fast. 
 
 inhio, 1, be eager for (lit. gape 
 for), (§187,111). 
 
 inimicus, a, um, hostile. 
 
 inimicus, i, ni., a {personal) 
 enemy. 
 
 initium, i (ii), n., beginning. 
 
 injiiria, ae, f., wrong, injustice. 
 
 innecto, ere, nexui, nexus, bind. 
 
 innuo, ere, ui, utus, beckon. 
 
 inopia, ae, f., lack, need. 
 
 inquam; 3d sing, inquit; 3d pi. 
 inquiunt, say (inserted be- 
 tween words of a direct 
 quotation), (§ 134). 
 
 insidiae, arum, f. pi., ambush; 
 plot ; treachery. 
 
 insignis, e, distinguished. 
 
 insiliS, ire, ui, leap upon. 
 
 insolens, gen., insolentis, inso- 
 lent. 
 
 instans, pres. participle of insto. 
 
 instar, n., indecl, like, equal. 
 
 instituo, ere, ui, utus, institute ^ 
 appoint. 
 
 institutum, i, n., institution. 
 
 insto, are, iti, press on, be eager. 
 
 instruo, ere, striixi, structus, 
 draw up, arrange; Jit out, 
 furnish, p)rovide. 
 
 insula, ae, f., island. 
 
 intellego, ere, lexi, lectus, know, 
 understand. 
 
 intendo, ere. di, turn, stretch; 
 fix. 
 
 inter, prep. w. ace, among, 
 betioeen, in the midst of. 
 
 intercipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, 
 take away. 
 
 interdum, at times, sometimes. 
 
interea 
 
 150 
 
 labor 
 
 /aterea, in the meamoMle. 
 intere5, ire, ii, iturus, perish. 
 interest, it concerns, iinpers. 
 
 from intersum. 
 interficio, ere, feci, fectus, kill. 
 intericio, ere, jeci, iecius, throio 
 
 between. 
 interim, in the meamvhile. 
 interimo, ere, emi, emptus, 
 
 kill. 
 interior, ius, inner (§ 73, 1). 
 interiora, um, n. pi., imier 
 
 parts, places. 
 interregnum, i, n., interregnum. 
 interrog5, 1, ask. 
 intersum, esse, fui, futiirus, he 
 
 joresent at. 
 intra, prep. w. ace, within. 
 intro, 1, enter. 
 intus, adv., within. 
 invado, ere, vasi, vasus, attack. 
 invenio, ire, veni, ventus, find. 
 invicem, in turn. 
 invideo, ere, vidi, visum, envy. 
 invidia, ae, f., envy. 
 invisus, a, um, hated, hateful. 
 invito, 1, invite. 
 invitus, a, um, unwilling. 
 ipse, a, um, self. 
 irrideo, ere, risi, risus, deride, 
 
 ridicule. 
 irrito, 1, iirge on, tempt. 
 is, ea, id, that; he, she, it; pi. 
 
 they. 
 iste, a, ud, that ; that of yours. 
 ita, so. 
 
 Italia, ae, f., Italy. 
 Italus, a, um, Italian ; as noun, 
 
 m., an Italian. 
 itaque, accordingly, and so. 
 iter, itineris, n., journey; 
 
 march; way; iter facere, to 
 march ; travel. 
 iterum, again. 
 
 jaceo, ere, ui, iturus, lie, recline. 
 
 jam, already. 
 
 Janiculum, i, n., the hill Janic- 
 
 uliim. 
 jubeo, ere, jussi, jussus, order; 
 
 hid. 
 jiidico, 1, judge, adjudge. 
 jugum, i, 11., yoke; ridge (of 
 
 mountains). 
 Julius, i (ii), m., Julius, aman's 
 
 name. 
 jiimentum, i, n., heast of burden. 
 jungo, ere, junxi, jiinctus, join; 
 
 societatem jungere, form a 
 
 partnership. 
 Junius, i (ii), m., Junius, a 
 
 man's name. 
 Juppiter, Jovis, m., Jupiter. 
 Jura, ae, m., the Jura, chain of 
 
 mountains on west of Switz- 
 erland. 
 jur5, 1, swear, take oath. 
 jus, jiiris, n., right, poiver. 
 jus jurandum, juris jurandi, n., 
 
 oath. 
 Justus, a, um, just. 
 juvenca, ae, f., heifer. 
 juvenis, is, m., a young man. 
 
 Kalendae, arum, f. i^\., Kalends 
 (first of the month). 
 
 L., abbreviation of Liicius, 
 Lucius, a man's name. 
 
 Labienus, i, m., Labienus, a 
 famous lieutenant of Caesar. 
 
 labor, oris, m., labor, exertion. 
 
labord 
 
 151 
 
 Lysander 
 
 laboro, 1, toil ; suffer ; in battle, 
 
 he hard pressed. 
 Lacedaemonius, a, um, S^jar- 
 
 tan ; subs. « Spartan. 
 Iacer5, 1, mnrnjlr, tear in pieces. 
 lacesso, ere, cessivi (ii), itus, 
 
 harass. 
 lacus, us, m., lake, 
 laetus, a, um, (jlad^ joyful. 
 Laevinus, i, m., Laevinus^ a 
 
 man's name. 
 lanio, 1, tear in pieces. 
 lapis, idis, m., stone. 
 Latinus, i, m., Latinus^ a man's 
 
 name ; also a Latin. 
 Latium, i (ii), n., Latium, a 
 
 part of Italy. 
 Iatr5, 1, bark. 
 latus, a, um, broad, loide. 
 laudo, 1, praise. 
 laus, laudis, f., praise. 
 Lavinia, ae, f., Lavinia, wife 
 
 of Aeneas. 
 Lavinium, i(ii), n.,Laviniiim, a 
 
 town. 
 laxo, 1, loosen. 
 lectus, i, m., couch. 
 legatio, onis, f., embassy. 
 legatus, i, m., lieutenant; en- 
 voy. 
 legio, onis, f., legion. 
 Ieg5, ere, legi, lectus, choose; 
 
 read. 
 Lentulus, T, m., Lentulus, a 
 
 man's name, 
 lentus, a, um, sluggish, slow. 
 Ie5, 5nis, m., lion. 
 letalis, e, fatal. 
 levis, e, light. 
 lex, legis, 1, laio. 
 liber, bri, m., book. 
 
 liber, libera, liberum, free. 
 liberi, orum, m. pi., children 
 
 (free-born), 
 libero. \,free; acquit. 
 libertas, talis, f., liberty. 
 licet, impers., it is permitted 
 
 (§ 138). 
 ligneus, a, um, loooden. 
 Lilybaeum, i, n., Liiybaeinn, a 
 
 promontory of Sicily, 
 litterae, arum, f. pi., a letter. 
 litterarius, a, um, of or belong^ 
 
 ing to reading and v:riting. 
 litus, oris, n., shore. 
 locus, i,m., place; family; pi., 
 
 loca, n., rarely loci, m. 
 longe, adv., far. 
 longitude, inis, f., length. 
 longus, a, um, long. 
 loquor, loqui, locutus sum, 
 
 speak. 
 Lucius, i (ii), m,, Lucius, a 
 
 man's name. 
 Lucretia, ae, f., Lucretia, a 
 
 W' Oman's name. 
 Lucretius, i (ii), m., Lucretius, 
 
 a man's name, 
 ludus, i, m., game, school; pi., 
 
 liidi, orum, m., (public) 
 
 games. 
 liigeo, ere. luxi, liictus, mourn. 
 liimen, inis, n., light. 
 liina, ae, f., moon. 
 lupa, ae, f., she-wolf. 
 lupus, i, m., wolf. 
 lustro, 1, review (an army). 
 Lutatius, 1 (ii), m., Lutatius, a 
 
 man's name, 
 liix, lucis, f., light. 
 Lysander, dri, m., Lysander ^ a 
 
 Spartan commander. 
 
M. 
 
 152 
 
 mereor 
 
 M., abbreviation for Marcus, i, 
 
 m., 3Iarcus, a man's name, 
 magis, more, rather, comp. of 
 
 magnopere. 
 magister, tri, ni., master; ma- 
 
 gister equitum, master of the 
 
 horse. 
 magistratus, us, m., magistrate. 
 magnificentia, ae, f., splendor. 
 magnitudo, inis, f., size. 
 magnopere, greatly, earnestly 
 
 (§ 77, 1). 
 magnus, a, um, large, great. 
 major, larger, greater, comp. 
 
 of magnus ; major natii, elder 
 
 (lit. greater as to birth) . 
 majores, um, m. (sc. natu), 
 
 ancestors. 
 male, adv., badly, ill (§ 77, 1) . 
 maledico, ere, dixi, dictus, 
 
 rail at. 
 maleficus, i, m., evil doer. 
 malo, malle, malui, prefer 
 
 (§ 130). 
 malus, a, um, bad. 
 mandatum, i, n., command, 
 
 order. 
 mando, 1, intrust, assign. 
 mane5, ere, mansi, mansiirus, 
 
 remain. 
 Manlius, i (ii), m., Manlius, a 
 
 man's name. 
 Mantinea, ae, f., Mantinea, a 
 
 city in Arcadia. 
 manus, us, f., hand; in military 
 
 sense, band, force. 
 Marcellus, i, m., Marcellus, a 
 
 man's name. 
 Marcius, i (ii), m., Marciiis, a 
 
 man's name. 
 mare, is, n., sea. 
 
 maritimus, a, um, of the sea, 
 maritime. 
 
 maritus, i, ni,, husband. 
 
 Mars, Martis, m., the god Mars. 
 
 massa, ae, f., mass. 
 
 Massilia, ae, f., Marseilles. 
 
 mater, tris, f., mother. 
 
 matrimonium, i Tii), n., mar- 
 riage ; in matrimonium dare, 
 to give in marriage (of the 
 father) ; in matrimonium 
 ducere, to take in marriage 
 (of the husband). 
 
 matrona, ae, f., matron. 
 
 maturus, a, um, ripe. 
 
 maxime, especially, sup. of 
 magnopere. 
 
 maximus, a, um, greatest, su- 
 perl. of magnus. 
 
 medicus, i, m., physician. 
 
 medius, a, um, middle, the 
 middle of. 
 
 mehercule, gracious ! I tell you, 
 lit. (so help) me Hercules! 
 
 melior, ius, better, comp. of 
 bonus. 
 
 membrum, i, n., member (of 
 
 • the body). 
 
 memini, isse, remember (§ 133). 
 
 memoria, ae, f., memory, recol- 
 lection. 
 
 Menenius, i (ii), m., Menenius, 
 a man's name. 
 
 mens, mentis, f., mind. 
 
 mensa, ae, f., table. 
 
 mensis, is. m., month. 
 
 merces, edis, f., price, reward. 
 
 mereor, ari, atus sum, purchase. 
 
 mereo, ere, merui, meritus, 
 deserve. 
 
 mereor, eri, itus sum, deserve. 
 
mergo 
 
 153 
 
 natus 
 
 mergo, ere, mersi, mersus, sink. 
 Messalla. ae, m., Messalla. 
 meto, ere. messui, messus, 
 
 rer/77, rnov. 
 Mettius Fufetius, Metti (ii) 
 
 Fufeti (ii), m., 3IeUius Fufe- 
 tius, a man's name, 
 meus, a, um, my. 
 migro, 1, move., move avmy. 
 miles, itis, m., soldier. 
 miliarium, i (ii), n., milestone. 
 militaris, e, military. 
 militia, ae, f., military service. 
 mille, indecl.; pi., millia, ium, 
 
 thousand (§ 80, 5). 
 minime, least (§ 77, 1). 
 minimus, a, um, superl. of par- 
 vus, 
 minor, less., comp. of parvus ; 
 
 minor natii, younger. 
 minus, adv., less (§ 77, 1). 
 miror, ari, atus sum, vjonder, 
 
 admire. 
 miseret, ere, uit (§ 138), it 
 
 excites -pity (§ 209). 
 misericordia, ae, f., pity. 
 mitto, ere, misi, missus, send; 
 
 hurl. 
 modo, only ; ju.st, just now; as 
 
 conj., jirovided that. 
 modus, i, m., manner, icay, 
 
 kind. 
 moenia, ium, n. pi., loalls (of a 
 
 city). 
 mollio, ire, ivi, itus, .soften. 
 moneo, ere, monui, monitus, 
 
 advise, vxtrn. 
 monitus, us, m.. advice. 
 mons, montis, m., mountain. 
 monstro, 1, show. 
 mora, ae, f., delay. 
 
 ' morbus, i, m., disease. 
 morior, i. mortuus sum, die. 
 moror, ari, moratus sum, tarry, 
 
 delay. 
 mors, mortis, f.. death. 
 morsus, us, m., bite. 
 mortuus, a, um, dead. 
 mos, moris, m., custom; pi., 
 
 m5res, character. 
 Mosa, ae, f., the river Meuse. 
 motus, lis, m., revolt. 
 moveo, ere, movi, motus, move ; 
 
 touch. 
 mox, presently; soon; after- 
 
 vmrd. 
 Mucius, i (ii), m., 3Iucius, a 
 
 man's name, 
 mulier, mulieris, f.. it'oman. 
 multitiido, inis, f., multitude. 
 multo, by much, abl. of mul- 
 
 tum. 
 multus, a, um. much; pi., 
 
 many. 
 miinio, ire, ivi (ii), itus, fortify. 
 munitio, onis, f ., fortijication. 
 miinus, eris, n., reward. 
 murus, i, m., wall. 
 mus, miiris, c, mouse. 
 
 nam, for. 
 
 nanciscor, i, nactus sum, pro- 
 cure. 
 
 narro, 1, tell. 
 
 nascor, i, natus sum, he horn. 
 
 natio, onis, f., nation, tribe. 
 
 nato, 1, svim. 
 
 natiira, ae, 1, nature. 
 
 natus, i, m., child, son. 
 
 (natus, us), m., only in the 
 abl. sing., natii, as to birth 
 (in phrases expressing age). 
 
navalis 
 
 154 
 
 nympha 
 
 navalis, e, naval. 
 
 navis, is, f., ship^ boat. 
 
 ne, not; lest; that . . . not; 
 from (after verbs of hinder- 
 ing) ; ne . . . quidem, not 
 even; emphatic negative, em- 
 phasizing tlie expression 
 placed between ne and qui- 
 dem. 
 
 -ne, enclitic interrog. particle, 
 asking for information. 
 
 nee (neque), nor. 
 
 necesse est, impers., it is neces- 
 sary. 
 
 neglego, ere, lexi, lectus, neg- 
 lect. 
 
 nego, 1, deny; say "«o." 
 
 negotium, i (ii), n., business; 
 trouble. 
 
 nemo, c, defective noun, no 
 one ; ace. neminem, dat. ne- 
 mini ; other cases lacking. 
 
 nepos, otis, m., grandson. 
 
 Neptiinus, i, m., the god Nep- 
 tune. 
 
 neque (nee), nor, and not. 
 
 neuter, tra, trum, neither (§ 66). 
 
 nihil, indecl., nothing; as adv., 
 oiot at all. 
 
 nihilo, abl., by nothing ; nihilo- 
 minus, none the less. 
 
 nisi, unless., except. 
 
 nobilis, e, noble. 
 
 nobilitas, tatis, f., nobility. 
 
 noeeo, ere, nocui. nociturus, m- 
 jure. harm. 
 
 noeturnus, a, um, at night. 
 
 nolo, nolle, nolui, be tinwilling 
 (§ 130). 
 
 nomen, inis, n., name. 
 
 nominatim, by name. 
 
 non, not; n5n solum . . . sed 
 etiam. 720^ on??/ . . . but also. 
 
 nonagesimus, a, um, nineti- 
 eth. 
 
 n5ndum, not yet. 
 
 nonne, interrog. particle, ex- 
 pecting answer "yes." 
 
 nonniillus, a, um, some. 
 
 noseo, ere, novi, become ac- 
 quainted with; the perfect 
 has present meaning : I 
 know. 
 
 noster, tra. trum, our. 
 
 notabilis, e, notable. 
 
 novem, indecl., nine. 
 
 novus, a, um, new. 
 
 nox, noctis, f., night. 
 
 nubo, ere, niipsi, nupta, veil 
 one^s self (for the bride- 
 groom) ; marry, used only of 
 the woman. 
 
 nuUus, a, um, no (§ 66). 
 
 num, interrog. particle expect- 
 ing answer "no"; in indi- 
 rect questions, u'hether. 
 
 Numa Pompilius, Numae Pom- 
 pili (ii), Numa Pompilius, 
 second king of Rome. 
 
 numerus, i, m., number. 
 
 Numitor, oris, m., Nnnitor, 
 grandfather of Romulus and 
 Remus. 
 
 numquam, never. 
 
 nune, iiow. 
 
 nuneupo. 1, name, call. 
 
 nuntio, 1, announce, report. 
 
 niintius, i (ii), m., messen- 
 ger. 
 
 niitrio, ire, ivi, itus, nurse, 
 take care of. 
 
 nympha, ae, f., nymph. 
 
Ob 
 
 155 
 
 orior 
 
 ob, prep. w. ace, on account of. 
 
 obeo, ire, ii, itus, meet; also 
 used for mortem obire (lit., 
 meet death), die. 
 
 oberro, 1, wander about. 
 
 oblige, 1, lay under obligation. 
 
 obliviscor, i, oblitus sum, for- 
 get. 
 
 oboedi5, ire, ivi, itum, obey. 
 
 obruo, ere, rui, rutus, over- 
 ivhelm. 
 
 obsecro, 1, entreat. 
 
 obses, idis, c, hostage. 
 
 obsideo, ere, sedi, sessus, block- 
 ade, block, throng. 
 
 obsidio, onis, f., siege. 
 
 obstruo, ere, iixi, uctus, ob- 
 struct., block. 
 
 obtestor, ari, atus sum, adjure. 
 
 obtineo. ere, ui, tentus, occupy, 
 hold., obtain., secure ; prevail. 
 
 occaeco, 1, blind. 
 
 occasio, onis, f., occasion, op- 
 portioiity. 
 
 occido, ere, occidi, occisus, kill. 
 
 occupo, 1, take possession of 
 seize; occupy. 
 
 occurro, ere, curri, cursum, run 
 to meet. 
 
 octavus, a, um, eighth; octa- 
 vus decimus, eighteenth. 
 
 octingenti, ae, a, eight hundred. 
 
 Octodurus, i, m., Octodurus, a 
 city of the Veragri. 
 
 octoginta, indecl., eighty. 
 
 oculus. i, m., eye. 
 
 odi, odisse, hate (§ 133). 
 
 offero, ferre, obtuli, oblatus, 
 offer; se offerre, volunteer. 
 
 officium, i (ii), n., duty. 
 
 olim, formerly. 
 
 omnino, adv., altogether ; with 
 negatives, at all. 
 
 omnis, e, all, every. 
 
 onerarius, a, um, burden-bear- 
 ing ; naves onerariae, trans- 
 ports. 
 
 opera, ae, f., assistance. 
 
 opinio, onis, f., opinion, expec- 
 tation. 
 
 oportet, ere, oportuit, it be- 
 hooves (§ 138, II). 
 
 oppidum, i, n., town, ivalled 
 town. 
 
 opportunus, a, um, fit, oppor- 
 tune. 
 
 opprimo, ere, pressi, pressus, 
 ovenchelm. 
 
 oppiign5, 1, attack, assault. 
 
 (ops) opis, f . (nom. sing, is not 
 used), power, help; in pL, 
 resources. 
 
 optime, sup. of bene (§ 77, 1). 
 
 optimus, a, um, sup. of bonus 
 (§ 72). 
 
 optio, onis, f., choice. 
 
 opto, 1, desire. 
 
 opus, indecl., n., need; opus 
 est, it is necessary. 
 
 opus, eris, n., icork ; fortifica- 
 tion. 
 
 ora, ae, f., coast. 
 
 oraculum, i, n., oracle. 
 
 oratio, onis, f., speech. 
 
 orator, oris, m., orator; envoy. 
 
 orbis, orbis, m., circle; orbis 
 terrarum, the world. 
 
 ordiii5. 1. institute. 
 
 ordo, inis, m., rank. 
 
 Orgetorix, igis, m., Orgetorix, 
 
 an Helvetian chief. 
 I orior, oriri, ortus sum, arise. 
 
orno 
 
 156 
 
 percontor 
 
 orno, 1, adorn. 
 
 oro, 1, beseech. 
 
 ortus, perf. participle of orior. 
 
 OS, ossis, n., bone. 
 
 ostendd, ere, tendi, tentus, 
 
 shoiv, explain. 
 ostentum, i, n., prodigy., ivon- 
 
 der. 
 Ostia, ae, f., Ostia, a Latin 
 
 town at moutli of the Tiber, 
 ostium, i (ii), n., mouth. 
 oti5sus, a, um, at ease., free. 
 ovis, ovis, f., sheep. 
 ovum, 1, n., egg. 
 
 P. , abbreviation of Publius. 
 
 pabulum, i, n., forage, food 
 (of animals). 
 
 paene, almost, nearly. 
 
 paenitet, ere, paenituit, impers., 
 it causes regret (§ 138, II). 
 
 palus, liidis, f., marsh. 
 
 pando, ere, pandi, passus, un- 
 fold^ open. 
 
 Papirius, i (ii), m., Papirius, 
 a man's name. 
 
 par, gen. paris, equal; with 
 dat., a match for. 
 
 parco, ere, peperci, parsurus, 
 spare (§ 187, II, a). 
 
 pario, ere, peperi, partus, bring 
 forth; lay (an egg). 
 
 paro, 1, prepare., get ready., 
 procure; win. 
 
 pars, partis, f ., part ; side. 
 
 parum, indecl., little., too lit- 
 tle. 
 
 parvus, a, um, small. 
 
 pasc5, ere, pavi, pastus, feed ; 
 deponent, pascor, pasci, pas- 
 tus sum, graze. 
 
 passus, lis, m., pace (five feet). 
 
 pastor, oris, m., herdsman, 
 shepherd. 
 
 patefacio, ere, feci, factus, 
 open. 
 
 pateo, ere, ui, lie open. 
 
 pater, patris, m., father. 
 
 paternus, a, um, paternal ; of 
 one'^s father. 
 
 patior, i, passus sum, suffer; 
 allow, 
 
 patria, ae, f., country, father- 
 land.. 
 
 patrimonium, i (ii), n., inheri- 
 tance, property. 
 
 pauci, ae, a, few ; used only in 
 pi. 
 
 paucitas, atis, f., fewness, 
 small mimber. 
 
 paulo, abl., by a little. 
 
 paulum, a little. 
 
 pax, acis, f., peace. 
 
 peciinia, ae, f., money. 
 
 pedes, itis, m., foot-soldier ; in 
 pi., infantry. 
 
 peditatus, iis, m., infantry. 
 
 pellicio, ere, lexi, lectus, allure, 
 entice. 
 
 pellis. is, f., skin. 
 
 pello, ere, pepuli, pulsus, drive ; 
 drive out, banish; runt, de- 
 feat. 
 
 Peloponnesus, i, f., Peloponne- 
 sus, the southern part of 
 Greece. 
 
 pendeo, ere, hang. 
 
 per, prep. w. ace, through, by 
 means of, through the instru- 
 mentality of; on account of; 
 dialing. 
 
 percontor, ari, atus sum, asL 
 
percutio 
 
 157 
 
 post 
 
 percutio, ere, cussi, cussus, 
 
 strike. 
 perdo, ere. didi, ditus. lose. 
 perduco, ere, duxi, ductus, con- 
 duct. 
 pereo, ire, ii, iturus, perish 
 
 (§ 132). 
 perfero. ferre, tuli, latus, cct^ry 
 
 through, convey, endxre. 
 perficio, ere, feci, fectus, ac- 
 
 complish. 
 perfidia, ae, f., treachery. 
 perfuga, ae, m., deserter. 
 perfugio, ere, fugi, fugiturus, 
 
 flee. 
 pergo, ere, perrexi, perrectus, 
 
 proceed. 
 periculum, i, n., danger. 
 permitto, ere, misi, missus, 
 
 permit, grant, cede (§ 187, 
 
 IT, ci). 
 permutatio, onis, f., exchange. 
 perpetuus, a, um, perpetual. 
 Persae, arum, m. pi., Persians. 
 persequor, i, seciitus sum, fol- 
 low up. 
 persuadeo, ere, suasi, suasum, 
 
 persuade. 
 perterreo, ere, ui, itus, terrify. 
 perturbo, 1, confuse, agitate. 
 pervenio, ire, veni, ventum, 
 
 come, arrive. 
 pes, pedis, ni., foot. 
 pet5, ere, ivi (ii), itus, seek, 
 
 request; attack. 
 philosophus, i, m.. p)hilosox)her. 
 Pis5, onis, m., Piso, a man's 
 
 name, 
 placeo, ere, ui, iturus, please. 
 placidus, a, um, peaceful. 
 planities, ei, i.^ plain. 
 
 plebs, plebis, f., common pech 
 
 pie. 
 plenus, a, um, full. 
 plerique, aeque, aque, most. 
 pliires, a, more ; several ; plural 
 
 of plus (§ 70). 
 pliirimus, a, um, sup. of mul- 
 
 tus (§ 72). 
 plus, comp. of multus (§§ 70, 
 
 72). 
 poena, ae, f., penalty, punish- 
 ment. 
 Poenus, a, um, Carthaginian. 
 polliceor, eri, itus sum, prom- 
 ise. 
 Pompejus, Pompei, m.,Pompey, 
 
 a man's name. 
 Pompilius, i (ii), m., Ponipil- 
 
 ius, a man's name, 
 pondus, eris, n., iceight. 
 pond ere, posui, positus. jmt ; 
 
 place ; establish ; castra po- 
 
 nere, intch a camp. 
 pons, pontis, m., bridge. 
 Pontius, i (ii), m., Pontius, a 
 
 man's name, 
 populus, i, m.. people. 
 porrigo, ere, rexi, rectus, stretch 
 
 out. 
 Porsena, ae, m., Porsena, a 
 
 king of Etruria. 
 porta, ae, f., gate. 
 porto, 1, carry. 
 portus, lis, m.. harbor. 
 posco, ere, poposci, demand. 
 possessio, onis, f., possession. 
 possideo, ere, sedi, sessus, 
 
 possess. 
 possum, posse, potui, be able^ 
 
 can (§ 126). 
 post, adv., afterward. 
 
post 
 
 158 
 
 procul 
 
 post, prep, with ace, after ; be- 
 hind. 
 
 postea, afterward. 
 
 posterus, a, um, following (§ 73, 
 2); poster!, 5rum, m., de- 
 scendants. 
 
 postquam, conj., after. 
 
 postremo, finally. 
 
 postridie, adv., on the next 
 day. 
 
 postulo, 1, demand. 
 
 Postumius, i (ii), m., Postu- 
 mius, a man's name. 
 
 potens, entis, pres. participle of 
 possum, used as adj., power- 
 ful. 
 
 potestas, atis, f., poicer. 
 
 potior, iri, itus sum, gain pos- 
 session of. 
 
 praecedo, ere, cessi, cessurus, 
 go ahead. 
 
 praecipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, en- 
 join. 
 
 praecipit5, 1, hurl down head- 
 long. 
 
 praeda, ae, f., booty. 
 
 praedo, onis, m., robber. 
 
 praefero, ferre, tuli, latus, 
 choose., prefer (§ 129). 
 
 praeficio, ere, feci, fectus, x)Ut 
 in charge., place in command 
 (§ 187, III). 
 
 praemium, i (ii), r\.y reward. 
 
 Praeneste, is, n., Praeneste, a 
 Latin town. 
 
 praesaepe, is, n., manger. 
 
 praesens, praesentis, present, 
 pres. participle of praesum, 
 used as adj. 
 
 praesidium, i (ii), n., garri- 
 son. 
 
 praestans, gen,, stantis, emi- 
 nent, excellent. 
 
 praestantia, ae, f., preeminence. 
 
 praesto, are, iti, itus, perform^ 
 show. 
 
 praesum. esse, fui, be in charge 
 o/(§125). 
 
 praeter, prep. w. ace, exce/)i, be- 
 sides. 
 
 praeterea, besides. 
 
 praetereo, ire, ii, itiirus, pass by. 
 
 praetor, oris, m., praetor. 
 
 pratum, i, n., meadow. 
 
 premo, ere, pressi, pressus, 
 press, crowd. 
 
 pretium, i (ii), n., pnce. 
 
 (prex, precis), f., prayer (nom. 
 and gen. sing, not used). 
 
 prim5, fir t, firstly. 
 
 primum, first, for the first time. 
 
 primus, a, um, first ; superl. of 
 comp. prior (§ 73, 1). 
 
 princeps, ipis, m., chief. 
 
 prior, us, former, before (an- 
 other) . 
 
 Priscus, i, m. , Priscus, a man's 
 name. 
 
 pristinus, a, um, former, pins- 
 tine. 
 
 priusquam, before. 
 
 privatus, a, um, private; as 
 noun, privatus, i, m., a pri- 
 vate citi.zen. 
 
 pro, prep. w. abl, , before, in 
 front of; for, instead of. 
 
 probo, 1. approve. 
 
 Procas, ae, m., Procas, a king 
 of Alba (§22). 
 
 procedo, ere, cessi, cessiirus, 
 advance. 
 
 procul, far. 
 
procure 
 
 159 
 
 quamvis 
 
 procuro, 1, care for, have charge 
 of. 
 
 procurro. ere, cucurri, cursum. 
 run forward. 
 
 proditor, oris, m,, traitor. 
 
 proelium, i (ii), n., battle. 
 
 profero, ferre, tuli, latus, carry 
 in front. 
 
 proficiscor, i, profectus sum, 
 set out. 
 
 profugio, ere, fugl, fugiturus, 
 flee., escape ; flee for refuge. 
 
 prdgredior, i, gressus sum, ad- 
 vance, go forward. 
 
 prohibeo, ere, ui, itus, keep 
 away, keep off. 
 
 proi£io, ere, jeci, jectus, throw 
 forward : cast. 
 
 promissus, a, um, flowing. 
 
 promitto, ere, misi, missus, 
 promise. 
 
 promunturium, i (ii), n., prom- 
 ontory. 
 
 propago, 1, propagate, continue. 
 
 propero, 1, hasten. 
 
 propior, nearer; comp. of prope 
 (§ 73). 
 
 propono, ere, posui, positus, 
 propose. 
 
 propter, prep.w. ace, on account 
 of 
 
 prospecto, 1, look out upon. 
 
 prosum, prodesse, profui, pro- 
 futurus, benefit (§ 125). 
 
 protinus, forthwith, straight- 
 way. 
 
 pro video, ere, vidi, visus, pro- 
 vide, take care. 
 
 provincia. ae, i., province. 
 
 provocati5, onis, f. , challenge. 
 
 provoco, 1, challenge. 
 
 proximus, a, um, nearest, next 
 
 (§ 78,, 1). 
 prudens, wise, sensible. 
 Publicola, ae, m., Publicola, a 
 
 mail's name, 
 piiblicus, a, um, public. 
 Publius, i (ii), m., Piiblius, a 
 
 man's name, 
 puer, i, m., boy. 
 puerilis, e, youthful. 
 pueritia, ae, f., boyhood. 
 pugna, ae, f., battle. 
 pugno, 1, fiejht. 
 pulcher, chra, chrum, beautiful, 
 
 glorious. 
 pullus, 1, m., nestling. 
 pulsus, perf. pass, participle of 
 
 pello. 
 Pulvillus, 1, m., Pulvillus, a 
 
 man's name. 
 Piinicus, a, um, Punic. 
 punio, ire, ivi, itus, punish. 
 piipillus, i, m., vrnrd. 
 pusillus, a, um, iceak. 
 put5, 1, think. 
 Pyrrhus, i, m., Pyrrhus, king 
 
 of Epirus. 
 
 qua, adv., where. 
 quadragesimus, a, um. fortieth. 
 quadraginta. indecL, forty. 
 quadringentesimus, a, um, four 
 
 hundredth. 
 quaero, ere. quaeslvi. quaesitus, 
 
 inquire,' seek. 
 qualis, e, rel., as; such as; 
 
 interrog-., of what sort P 
 
 1. quam. hoio 9 
 
 2. quam. than. 
 quamquam, although. 
 quamvis, though, although. 
 
quand5 
 
 160 
 
 refero 
 
 quand5, interrog., when? 
 
 quantum, how much f 
 
 quantus, a, um, how great. 
 
 quare, rel. and interrog., where- 
 fore. 
 
 quartus, a, um, fourth. 
 
 quasi, as if. 
 
 quatio, ere, quassus, shake, 
 move. 
 
 quattuor, indecL, four. 
 
 quattuordecim, indecl., four- 
 teen. 
 
 -que, enclitic conj., and. 
 
 querela, ae, f., complaint. 
 
 queror, i, questus sum, com- 
 plain. 
 
 qui, hov) ? 
 
 qui, quae, quod, icho^ which. 
 
 quia, conj., because. 
 
 quicumque, quaecumque, quod- 
 cumque, ivhoever, lohatever 
 (§ 91, 8). 
 
 quidam, quaedam, quiddam or 
 quoddam, a certain (§ 91). 
 
 quidem, indeed, even; of course ; 
 ne . . . quidem, not even. 
 
 quilibet, quaelibet, quidlibet 
 or quodlibet, any you please 
 
 (§91, 1). 
 Quinctius i (ii), m., Quinctius, 
 
 a man's name. 
 quingenti, ae, a. Jive hundred. 
 quinquaginta, indecl., Jifty. 
 quinque, indecl., Jive. 
 quintus, a, um, ffth. 
 Quintus, i, m. , Quintus^ a man's 
 
 name. 
 quis, quid, interr. i)ron., ivho, 
 . what ? 
 quis, qua (quae), quid, indef. 
 
 pron., any (§ 91, 2). 
 
 quisquam, quaequam. quid- 
 quam (quicquam), any, any 
 one (§ 91, 1). 
 
 quisque, quaeque, quidque 
 (quicque), each (§ 91, 1). 
 
 1. quo, rel. and interrog. adv., 
 whither. 
 
 2. quo, conj., in order that. 
 quod, because, on the ground 
 
 that. 
 quominus, from (after verbs of 
 
 hindering). 
 quondam, formerly ; once. 
 quoniam, conj., inasmuch as. 
 quoque, also; always placed 
 
 after the word it modifies. 
 
 rana, ae, f., frog. 
 
 rapio, ere, ui, tus, seize. 
 
 raptor, oris, m., one who seizes. 
 
 ratio, onis, f., reason. 
 
 recedo, ere, cessi, cessiirus, re- 
 tire. 
 
 recens, gen. recentis, recent. 
 
 recipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, take 
 back, receive; with reflexive 
 se, to retreat. 
 
 reciiso, 1, refuse. 
 
 reddo, ere, reddidi, redditus, 
 return, give back; render, 
 make. 
 
 redeo, ire, ii, iturus, return, go 
 back (§ 132). 
 
 redigo, ere, egi, actus, reduce. 
 
 redimo, ere, emi, emptus, ran- 
 som. 
 
 redintegro, 1., reneu\ 
 
 reduce, ere, duxi, ductus, lead 
 hack. 
 
 refero, ferre, rettuli, relatus, tr., 
 bring back, return (§ 129). 
 
reficio 
 
 161 
 
 rusticus 
 
 reficio, ere, feci, fectus, rehuihl. 
 
 refluo, ere, Jloio back. 
 
 regio, onis, f., rpgion. 
 
 regius, a, um, of the king ; re- 
 gal. 
 
 regno, 1, reign. 
 
 regnum, i, u., regal power, 
 kingdom. 
 
 regredior, i, gressus sum, march 
 hack, return. 
 
 Regulus, i, m,, Begulus, a 
 man's name. 
 
 reicio, ere, rejeci, jectus, hurl 
 back. 
 
 relatus, perf. pass, participle of 
 refero. 
 
 relictus, perf. pass, participle 
 of relinquo. 
 
 religio, onis, f., religion. 
 
 relinquo. ere, liqui, iictus, 
 leave, leave behind. 
 
 reliquus, qua, quum, remain- 
 ing. 
 
 remaneo, ere, mansi, mansurus, 
 remain. 
 
 remex, igis, m., rower. 
 
 removeo, ere, movi, motus, 
 remove. 
 
 Remus, i, m., Bemus, brother 
 of Romulus. 
 
 renovo, 1, renew. 
 
 reniinti5, 1, bring hack word. 
 
 repello, ere, reppuli, repulsus, 
 drive hack, repel. 
 
 repente, suddcnig. 
 
 repentinus, a, um, sudden. 
 
 reperio, ire, repperi, repertus, 
 discover, find. 
 
 repudio, 1, reject with scorn. 
 
 res, rei, f., thing, affair, cir- 
 cumstance. 
 
 rescindo, ere, rescidi, rescissus, 
 
 tear down." 
 resisto, ere, restiti, resist (§ 
 
 187, 11, a). 
 respicio, ere, spexi, spectus, 
 
 look behind. 
 respondeo, ere, respond!, re- 
 
 sponsus, answer, reply. 
 res publica, gen. rei publicae, 
 
 f., stale, republic. 
 respuo, ere, ui, reject. 
 restituo, ere, ui, iitus, restore. 
 retineo, ere, ui, tentus, re- 
 tain. 
 reverentia, ae, f., reverence. 
 revertor, i, i, return (§ 114, 3). 
 revoco, 1, call back. 
 rex, regis, m., king. 
 Rhea Silvia, gen. Rheae Sil- 
 
 viae, f., Rhea Silvia, mother 
 
 of lionmlus and Remus. 
 Rhenus, i, m., Rhine. 
 Rhodanus, i, m.. Rhone. 
 rideo, ere, risi, risus, laugh, 
 
 laugh at. 
 ripa, ae, f., bank. 
 rivus, i, m., stream. 
 rixor, ari, atus sum, quarrel, 
 
 v:r angle. 
 robur, oris, n., strength. 
 rogo, 1, ask. 
 Roma, ae, f., Rome. 
 Romanus, a, um, Roman; as 
 
 noun, a Roman. 
 Romulus, i, m., Romulus. 
 Rullianus, i, m., Rullianus. 
 rumpo. ere, rupi, ruptus, break, 
 
 breakdown; burst. 
 ruo. ere, mi, ruitiirus, rush. 
 rursus. again. 
 rusticus, i, m., farmer. 
 
Sabinus 
 
 162 
 
 Sicilia 
 
 Sabinus, a, um, Sabine. 
 Sabinus, i, m., Sabinus, a 
 
 lieutenant of Caesar. 
 sacer, era, crum, sacred; in 
 
 pi., sacra, n., sacred rites. 
 sacerdos, otis, c, priest; 
 
 jiriestess. 
 saepe, often. 
 sali5, ire, ui, leap. 
 saliis, lutis, f., safety. 
 saluto, 1, salute, hail. 
 salvus, a, um, safe. 
 Samnis, itis, m., a Samnite. 
 Sardinia, ae, f., Sardinia. 
 satelles, itis, m., a body-guard. 
 satis, adv., enough. 
 Saturnia, ae, f., Saturnia, 
 
 name of a citadel. 
 Saturnus, i, m., the god Saturn. 
 saxum, i, n., rock. 
 Scaevola, ae, m., Scaevola, a 
 
 man's name, 
 scelestus, a, um, wicked. 
 scelus, eris, n., crime. 
 scio, ire, scivi, scitus, know. 
 scriba, ae, m., secretary. 
 scrib5, ere, scripsi, scriptus, 
 
 write ; of laws, draw up. 
 scutum, i, n., shield. 
 se, reflexive, he; himself, her- 
 
 se7/(§85). 
 seced5, ere, cessi, cessiirus, 
 
 secede, withdraw. 
 secundus, a, um, second. 
 sed, but. 
 sedeo, ere, sedi, sessurus, sit, 
 
 perch. 
 sedes, is, f., seat. 
 seditio, onis, f., uprising, 
 
 mutiny. 
 seges, etis, f., corn-field. 
 
 semper, always. 
 senator, toris, m., senator. 
 senatus, iis, m., senate. 
 senex, senis, m., old man; as 
 
 adj., old. 
 Senones, um, m., the Senones, 
 
 a Gallic tribe, 
 sententia, ae, f., opinion, sen- 
 timent. 
 sentio, ire, sensi, sensus, feel, 
 
 perceive. 
 sepeli5, ire, ivi (ii), ultus, 
 
 bury. 
 septem, indecl., seven. 
 Septimus, a, um, seventh. 
 septingenti, ae, a, seven hun- 
 dred. 
 septuaginta, indecl., seventy. 
 Sequani, orum, m. pL, >S'e- 
 
 quani, a Gallic tribe. 
 sequor, i, secutus sum, follow; 
 
 seek. 
 sermo, onis, m., conversation. 
 serp5, ere, serpsi, creep ; spread 
 
 abroad. 
 Servius Tullius, Servi (ii) 
 
 Tulli (ii), Servius Tiillius, 
 
 sixth king of Rome, 
 servo, 1, save; protect ; guard; 
 
 preserve. 
 servus, i, m., slave. 
 sescenti, ae, a, six hundred. 
 seta, ae, f., hair. 
 sex, indecl., six. 
 sexaginta, iwAecX., sixty. 
 sextus, a, um, sixth; sextus 
 
 decimus, sixteenth. 
 si, if. 
 
 sic, so (of manner), 
 siccus, a, um, dry. 
 Sicilia, ae, f., Sicily. 
 
sidus 
 
 16? 
 
 o 
 
 summus 
 
 sidus, eris, n., constellation; 
 pi., the stars. 
 
 significo, 1, show; mean. 
 
 signum, i, n., standard. 
 
 silentium, i (ii), n., silence. 
 
 silva, ae. f., forest. 
 
 Silvius, i (ii), m., Silviiis. 
 
 similis, e, like. 
 
 simul, together, at the same 
 time. 
 
 simul ac (atque), as soon as. 
 
 sin, but i/(§ 30(3, 3). 
 
 sine, prep. w. abl., imthout. 
 
 singularis, e, single, matchless. 
 
 singuli, ae, a, one at a time, 
 each. 
 
 sinister, tra, trum, left, left- 
 hand. 
 
 sitis, is, f., thirst (^ 38, 1). 
 
 socer, eri, in., father-in-laic. 
 
 societas, talis, f., partnership. 
 
 socius, (ii), m., ally, comrade; 
 socii, often, the provincials. 
 
 sol, is, m., snn. 
 
 soleo, ere, solitus sum, semi- 
 dep., be accustomed. 
 
 solitiido, dinis, f., solitude. 
 
 solum, onhj ; non solum . . . 
 sed etiam, not only . . . but 
 also. 
 
 solus, a, um, alone, only (§ 60). 
 
 solvo, ere, solvi, solutus, loose ; 
 of ships, unmoor ; naves sol- 
 vere, set sail. 
 
 somnus, T, m., slee}). 
 
 sonitus, lis, m., sound. 
 
 sonus, i, ni., sound. 
 
 spati5sus, a, um, roomy. 
 
 spatium, i (ii), n., space; time, 
 period. 
 
 specto, 1, look on. 
 
 sper5, 1, hope, hope for ; gov- 
 erns the ace. 
 
 spes, spei, f., hope. 
 
 spoli5, 1, despoil. 
 
 Spurius, i (ii), m., Spurius, a 
 man's name. 
 
 stagnum, i, n.,pool, lagoon. 
 
 statim, at once, immediately. 
 
 statua, ae, f., statue. 
 
 statuo, ere, ui, iitus, decide. 
 
 statiira, ae, f., stature, height. 
 
 stilus, i. m.. stilus ; pen. 
 
 sto. are, steti. statiirus, stand. 
 
 strenuus, a, um, energetic. 
 
 stultitia, ae, f . . folly. 
 
 suadeo. ere, suasi, suasiirus, 
 urge, advise. 
 
 sub, prep. w. ace. and abl. 
 (§ 143). under. 
 
 subdiico, ere, duxi. ductus, 
 vnthdraiv, lead away ; snatch 
 aicay. 
 
 subeo, ire, ii, itiirus, approach 
 (§ 132). 
 
 subigo, ere, egi, actus, sub- 
 due. 
 
 subito, suddenly. 
 
 sublevo. 1, relieve. 
 
 sublimis, e, high, lofty ; in sub- 
 lime, on high. 
 
 submitto, ere, misi, missus, 
 send, despatch. 
 
 subrideo. ere. risi, risum, smile. 
 
 subsidium, i (ii), i\., assistance. 
 
 succedo. ere, cessi, cessiirus, 
 foUoiv, succeed. 
 
 sui, self, oneself (§ 85, 1). 
 
 sum, esse, fui, futurus, be. 
 
 summus, a. um. highest, great- 
 est, top of (§ 241, 1); sup. of 
 superus (§ 73, 2). 
 
sumo 
 
 164 
 
 Thebae 
 
 sumo, ere, sumpsi, sumptus, 
 take. 
 
 super, prep. w. ace, above. 
 
 superbia, ae, f., pride., haughti- 
 ness. 
 
 superbus, a, um, proud., 
 haughty. 
 
 superior, us, higher., upper; 
 comp, of superus (§ 73, 
 
 2). 
 supero, 1, overcome., defeat, 
 
 surpass ; he superior to. 
 supersum, esse, fui, remain., he 
 
 over., he left; survive (§ 125). 
 supervenio, ire, veni, ventum, 
 
 come up, arrive. 
 supplicium, i (ii), n., torture., 
 
 punishment. 
 supra, prep. w. ace, ahove. 
 supremus, a, um, superl. #f 
 
 superus (§ 73, 2). 
 suscipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, un- 
 dertake, receive. 
 suspicio, onis, f., suspicion. 
 suspicor, ari, atus sum, suspect. 
 sustine5, ere, ui, tentus, icith- 
 
 stand. 
 sustuli, perf. ind. act. of tollo. 
 suus, a, um, his; her; its; 
 
 their. 
 Syraciisae, arum, f., Syracuse, 
 
 a city of Sicily. 
 Syraciisanus, i, m., a Syra- 
 
 cusan. 
 
 T., abbreviation of Titus, 
 talentum, i, n., a talent (about 
 
 a 1200). 
 
 talis, e, siich. 
 
 tam, so (of degree). 
 
 tamen, nevertheless, yet. 
 
 Tanaquil, ilis, f., Tanaquil, 
 
 wife of Tarquinius Priscus. 
 tandem, at length. 
 tangd, ere, tetigi, tactus, touc\. 
 tantum (n. of tantus), so 
 
 much. 
 tantus, a, um, so great. 
 tardo, 1, retard, check. 
 Tarentinus, a, um, Tarentine. 
 Tarentum, i, n., Tarentum, a 
 
 city. 
 Tarpeia, ae, f., Tarpeia, a 
 
 woman's name. 
 Tarpeius, a, um, Tarpeian. 
 Tarquinii, orum, m. pi,, Tar- 
 
 quinii, a city. 
 Tarquinius, i (ii),m., Tarquin, 
 
 a Roman king. 
 tectum, i, n., roof. 
 Telesinus, i, m., Telesinus, a 
 
 man's name, 
 telum, i, n., javelin. 
 temere, rashly. 
 tempestas, tatis, f., tempest. 
 templum, i, n., temple. 
 tempto, 1, attempt, make trial 
 
 of 
 tempus, oris, n., tiine. 
 tendo, ere, tetendi, tentus, 
 
 stretch ; stretch one''s course, 
 
 go. 
 teneo, ere, ui, hold. 
 tergum, i, n., hack; a tergo, 
 
 from hehind. 
 terra, ae, f., land, a land. 
 terreo, ere, ui, itus, frighten. 
 territorium, i (ii), n., territory. 
 terror, oris, m., terror, fear. 
 tertius, a, um, third. 
 testiid5, inis, f., tortoise. 
 Thebae, arum, f. pi., Thebes, 
 
Thebanus 
 
 165 
 
 turbo 
 
 Thebanus, a, um, IVieban, subs. 
 
 a Theban. 
 Themistocles, is, ni., Themis- 
 
 tocles, an Athenian states- 
 man. 
 Tiberis, is, m., Tiber. 
 timeo, ere, ui, fear. 
 timidus, a, um, timid. 
 timor, oris, m,, fear. 
 tintinnabulum, i, n., bell. 
 titulus, i, in., placard. 
 Titus, i, m., Titus, a man's 
 
 name, 
 tollo, ere, sustuli. sublatus, 
 
 raise ; take, take away {^ 129). 
 tonitrus, iis, m., thunder. 
 tono, are, tonui, thunder. 
 Torquatus, i, m., Torquatus, a 
 
 man's name, 
 torquis, is, m., necklace. 
 tot, inclecl., so many. 
 totus, a. um, whole, entire 
 
 (§ 06). 
 tracto, 1, treat. 
 trad5, ere, tradidi, traditus, 
 
 hand over; se tradere, sur- 
 render. 
 tradijc5, ere, duxi, ductus, lead 
 
 across. 
 traicio, ere, jeci, jectus (orig, 
 
 transitive, throw across, send 
 
 across), cross over. 
 trans, prep. ^Yith ace, across. 
 transe5, ire, ii, itus, cross; 
 
 cross over. 
 transfero, ferre, tuli, latus, 
 
 transfer. 
 transfigo, ere, fixi, fixus, 
 
 pie7xe. 
 transigo, ere, egi, actus, pass, 
 
 spend. 
 
 transilio, ire, ui, leap over. 
 transmarinus, a, um, across 
 
 the sea, from across the sea. 
 transno, 1, swim across. 
 transports, 1, transport. 
 trecentesimus, a, um, thi'ee 
 
 hundredth. 
 trecenti, ae, a, three hundred. 
 tredecim, indecl., thirteen. 
 tres, tria, three (§ 80, 3). 
 Treveri, orum, m. pi., Treveri, 
 
 a tribe of Belgians, 
 tribunus, i, m., tribune, officer 
 
 of a Koman legion ; also a 
 
 tribune of the plebs. 
 tribuo, ere, ui, utus, assign, 
 
 airard ; grant. 
 tribiitum. i, n., tax. 
 tricesimus, a, um, thirtieth. 
 triduum. i, n., three days. 
 trigemini, orum, m. pi., triplets. 
 triginta, indecl., thirty. 
 triumphs, 1, celebrate a tri- 
 umph. 
 Troja, ae, f., Troy. 
 Trojanus, a. um, Trojan; as 
 
 subs., a Trojan. 
 trux, gen. trucis, savage. 
 tu, tui. thou, you (§ 84). 
 tuba, ae, f., trumpet. 
 tubicen, inis, m., trumpeter. 
 tueor, eri, guard, watch. 
 Tullia, ae, f., Tullia, a woman's 
 
 name. 
 Tullus Hostilius, Tulli Hostili 
 
 (ii), m., Tullus Hostilius, 
 
 third king of Rome, 
 tum, then, at that time. 
 tumultus, lis, ni., uprising. 
 tunc, then. 
 turbo, 1, disturb. 
 
turbulentus 
 
 166 
 
 verbum 
 
 turbulentus, a, um, disturbed, 
 
 muddy. 
 turpis, e, base. 
 turris, is, f., toicer (§ 38). 
 Tusculum, i, n., Tuscuhim, a 
 
 town in Latium. 
 tutor, oris, m., guardian. 
 tutus, a, um, safe. 
 tuus, a, um, thy, your (§ 86). 
 tyrannus, i, m., tyrant. 
 
 liber, eris, n., udder. 
 
 ubi, rel. and interr. adv., ivhere ; 
 when. 
 
 Ubii, orum, m,, Ubii, a Gallic 
 tribe. 
 
 ubique, everywhere. 
 
 ulciscor, i, ultus sum, avenge. 
 
 uUus, a, um, any (§ 06). 
 
 ulterior, us, farther, more dis- 
 tant (§ 73, 1). 
 
 ultra, prep. w. ace, beyond. 
 
 umquam, ever. 
 
 una, together. 
 
 unde, whence. 
 
 iindequinquaginta, indecl., for- 
 ty-nine. 
 
 undique, from all parts. 
 
 unguentum, i, \\., perfume. 
 
 unguis, is, m., talon. 
 
 ungula, ae, f., talon. 
 
 unus, a, um, one, alone (§ 06). 
 
 urbanitas, atis, wit. 
 
 urbs, urbis, f., city. 
 
 Usipetes, um, m., Usip)etes, a 
 German tribe. 
 
 iisque, even. 
 
 usus, us, m., use, service. 
 
 ut, that, in order that; with 
 verbs of fearing, that not; 
 denoting time, as, when. 
 
 uter, tra, trum, interrog. pron., 
 
 which (of two) f. 
 uterque, utraque, utrumque, 
 
 gen. utriusque (cf. § ^Q), 
 
 each (of two); in pi., both 
 
 (of two parties). 
 utilis, e, advantageous. 
 utinam, affirmative particle. 
 iitor, i, iisus sum, use (§ 218, 1). 
 utrum, whether. 
 uva, ae, f., bunch of grapes. 
 uxor, oris, f., ivife. 
 
 vadum, i, n., ford. 
 vagitus, lis, m., crying. 
 valeo, ere, ui, valitiirus, avail, 
 
 prevail. 
 Valerius, i (ii), m., Valerius, a 
 
 man's name. 
 validius, more vigorously, comp. 
 
 of valde. 
 vallis, vallis, 1, valley. 
 vallum, i, n., intrenchment. 
 vasto, 1, lay -waste. 
 Vatinius, i (ii), Vatinius. 
 Vejentanus, a, um, Veientine. 
 Vejentes, ium, m., Veientines 
 
 (inhabitants of Veii). 
 vendo, ere, didi, ditus, sell. 
 venenum, i, n., poison. 
 Veneti, orum, ni. pi., Veneti, a 
 
 Gallic tribe. 
 venio, ire, veni, veutum, come. 
 venter, tris, m., stomach. 
 ventus, i, n\., wind. 
 ver, veris, n., spring. 
 Veragri, orum, m., pi., the 
 
 Veragri, a Gallic tribe, 
 verber, eris, n., blow. 
 verbero, 1, beat, strike. . 
 verbum, i, n., word. 
 
vereor 
 
 167 
 
 Xanthippus 
 
 vereor, eri, itus sum, fear. 
 
 vero, indeed; hut. 
 
 versor, ari, atus sum, he en- 
 gaged in. 
 
 verto, ere, verti, versus, turn; 
 terga vertere, flee. 
 
 vescor, i, feed upon. 
 
 Vesta, ae, f., the goddess Vesta. 
 
 Vestalis, is, adj., Vestal. 
 
 vester, vestra, vestrum, your. 
 
 Veturia. ae, f., Veturia^ a 
 woman's name. 
 
 Veturius, i (ii), m., Veturius, a 
 man's name. 
 
 vetus, gen. veteris, old, long- 
 standing. 
 
 vexo, 1, harass, annoy ; ravage. 
 
 via, ae, f., way, road. 
 
 vicesimus, a, um, twentieth. 
 
 victor, oris, m., victor. 
 
 victoria, ae. f., victory. 
 
 vicus, i, m., village. 
 
 video, ere, vidi, visus, see ; in 
 pass., he seen ; seem, appear. 
 
 vigilia, ae, f., icatch (of the 
 night); guard. 
 
 vTginti. indecl., twenty. 
 
 vincio, ire, vinxi, vinctus, hind, 
 tie. 
 
 vinco, ere, vici, victus, con- 
 quer. 
 
 vinculum, i, n., chain. 
 
 vindex, icis, m., champion. 
 
 vindico. 1, claim. 
 
 vinea. ae, f., vineyard, trellis. 
 
 vinum, i, n., wine. 
 
 vir, i, m., man. 
 
 vires, pi. of vis (§ 41). 
 
 virga, ae, f., rod, sivitch. 
 
 Virginia, ae, f., Virginia, a 
 woman's name. 
 
 Virginius, i (ii), m., Virginius, 
 a man's name. 
 
 virgo, inis, f., virgin, maiden. 
 
 virgula. ae, f., rod. 
 
 virtiis, tiitis, f., valor, virtue. 
 
 vis, vis, f. (ace. vim), violence ; 
 numher ; vim facere, do vio- 
 lence, violate ; pi. vires, ium, 
 strength (§ 41). 
 
 visus, perf. pass, participle of 
 video. 
 
 vita, ae, f., life. 
 
 vito, 1, avoid. 
 
 vivo, ere, vixi, victiirus, live. 
 
 vix, scarcely, with difficulty. 
 
 voco, 1, ccdl, summon; name. 
 
 volo, l,fly. 
 
 vol5, velle, volui, loisJi, he will- 
 ing (§ l.'iO). 
 
 Volsci, orum, m. pi., Volsci, a 
 Latin tribe. 
 
 volucer, cris, ere, flying, capa- 
 hle of flight. 
 
 Volumnia, ae. f., Volumnia, a 
 woman's name. 
 
 vox, vocis, f., voice, word, ex- 
 clamation. 
 
 vulnero, 1, icound. 
 
 vulnus, eris, n., wound. 
 
 vulpes, is, i.,fox. 
 
 vultus, lis, m., countenance; 
 look. 
 
 Xanthippus, i, m., Xanthippus, 
 a man's name. 
 
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. 
 
 abandon 
 
 arms 
 
 abandon, desero, ere, serui, \ although, though, quamquam ; 
 
 sertus. 
 
 (able), be able, possum, posse, 
 potui. 
 
 absent, be absent, absum, esse, 
 afiii, afntiirus. 
 
 accomplish, perficid, ere, feci, 
 fectus. 
 
 (account), on account of, prop- 
 ter, prep. w. ace. 
 
 accuse, accuso, 1. 
 
 across, trans, prep, unth ace. 
 
 adjudge, judico, 1. 
 
 administer, administro, 1. 
 
 advance, progredior, i, gressus 
 sum. 
 
 adversary, adversarius, ii, m. 
 
 adverse, adversus, a, um, 
 
 advice, consilium, i (ii), n. 
 
 affair, res, rei,/. 
 
 after (adv.), post. 
 
 after {conj.), postquam. 
 
 after, post, prep. w. ace. 
 
 afterward, postea. 
 
 against, contra, prep. lo. ace. 
 
 aid, auxilium, i (ii), n. 
 
 all, omnis, e. 
 
 ally, socius, ii, m. 
 
 almost, paene. 
 
 already, jam. 
 
 quamvis ; cum. 
 always, semper. 
 ambush, insidiae, arum, /. 
 among, inter, prep. w. ace. 
 ample, amplus, a, um. 
 ancestors, majores, um, 7n. 
 and, et ; -que (enclitic) ; atque. 
 announce, nuntio, 1. 
 another, alius, a, ud. 
 answer, respondeo, ere, spondi, 
 
 sponsum. 
 any, ullus, a, um (§ 66). 
 anybody, any one, anything, 
 
 quisquam, quaequam, quid- 
 
 quam ; quis, quid. 
 any you please, quilibet, quae- 
 
 libet, quidlibet or quodlibet 
 
 (§91, 1). 
 appear, videor, eri, visus sum. 
 appoint, dico, ere, dixi, dictus ; 
 
 lit., say. 
 approach, aditus, lis, m. 
 approach (verb)., appropinquo, 
 
 1; adeo, ire, ii, itus. 
 approve, probo, 1. 
 April, of April, Aprilis, e. 
 Ariovistus, Ariovistus, i, m. 
 arm, armo, 1. 
 arms, arma, orum, n. 
 
 168 
 
army 
 
 169 
 
 brief 
 
 army, exercitus, us, m. 
 
 army on the march, agmen, 
 
 minis, n. 
 arrival, adventus, us, m. 
 arrive, aclvenio, ire, veni, ven- 
 
 tum. 
 as long as, dum. 
 as soon as, simul atque (ac). 
 ask, rogo, 1. 
 assault, oppugno, 1. 
 assemble (intrans.), convenio, 
 
 ire, veni, ventum. 
 assistance, subsidium, i (ii), 
 
 n. ; auxilium, i (ii), n. 
 (at hand), be at hand, adsum, 
 
 esse, adfui, adfutCirus. 
 at night, nocturnus, a, um. 
 at once, statim. 
 Athens, Athenae, arum, /. 
 attack, assault (a toion), op- 
 pugno, 1. 
 attack, adorior, iri, ortus 
 
 sura, 
 attempt, tempto, 1 ; conor, ari, 
 
 at us sum. 
 authority, auctoritas, atis, /. 
 avert, averto, ere, verti, versus, 
 avoid, vito, 1. 
 await, exspecto, 1. 
 
 bad, mains, a, um. 
 
 banish, expello, ere, puli, pul- 
 sus. 
 
 barbarian (adj.), barbarus, a, 
 um ; {noun), barbarus, i, m. 
 
 base, turpis, e. 
 
 battle, proelium, i (ii), n. 
 
 be, sum. esse, fui. futurus. 
 
 be able, possum, posse, potui 
 (§ 126). 
 
 bear, fero, ferre, tuli, latus. 
 
 beast of burden, jumentum, i. 
 
 n. 
 beautiful, pulcher, chra, chrum. 
 because, quod ; quia ; cum 
 
 (§ 286). 
 become, fio, fieri, factus sum. 
 before {jyrep. and adv.), ante, 
 before, antequam, priusquam. 
 begin, coepi, coepisse (§ 138), 
 
 incipio, ere, cepi, ceptus. 
 beginning, initium, i (ii), n. 
 behind, post, prpp. lo. ace. 
 behoove, it behooves, oportet, 
 
 ere, oportuit (§ 138, II). 
 Belgians, Belgae, arum, m. 
 believe, credo, ere, credidi, 
 
 creditus. 
 beseech, oro, 1. 
 betake oneself, con fero, ferre, 
 
 tuli, collatus, vnth the re- 
 flexive pron. 
 better, melius. 
 
 between, mXew, prop. v\ ace. 
 blame, culpo, are, avi, atus. 
 blockade (verb), obsideo, ere, 
 
 sedi, sessus. 
 boat, navis, is, /. 
 bold, audax, acis. 
 booty, praeda. ae, /. 
 born, be born, nascor, i, natus 
 
 sura. 
 born, natus, a, um. 
 both, each, uterque, utraque, 
 
 utrumque. 
 boundary, finis, is, m. 
 boy, puer, eri, m. 
 brave, fortis, e. 
 bravely, fortiter; from the adj., 
 
 fortis, e. 
 bridge, pons, pontis, m. 
 brief, brevis, e. 
 
#' 
 
 bring 
 
 170 
 
 contend 
 
 bring, aff ero, f erre, attuli, allatus. 
 
 bring about, efficiO, ere, feci, 
 fectus. 
 
 bring against, infero, ferre, 
 tuli, illfitus, wilh dat. of in- 
 direct obj. (§ 187, III). ^ 
 
 bring back, re f ero, ferre, rettiili, 
 lams. 
 
 bring together, confero, ferre, 
 contull, collatus. 
 
 Britain, Britannia, ae, /. 
 
 brother, frater, tris, m. 
 
 building, aedificium, i (ii), n. 
 
 by (^of personal agent) ^ a,^ ab, 
 prep. IV. abl. 
 
 Caesar, Caesar, is, m. 
 
 calamity, calauiitas, atis, /. 
 
 call (name), appello, 1. 
 
 call (summon), voco, 1. 
 
 call together, convoco, 1. 
 
 camp, castra, orum, n. 
 
 can {be able), possum, posse, 
 potui. 
 
 captive, captlvus, i, m. 
 
 capture, expugno, 1 ; capio, ere, 
 cepi, captus. 
 
 Cato, Cato, onis, m. 
 
 cause, causa, ae, /. 
 
 cavalry, equites, um, m. pi. of 
 eques, itis ; of cavalry, 
 equestrian, equester, tris, tre. 
 
 cease, desisto, ere, destiti. 
 
 certain, certain one, quldam, 
 quaedam, quiddara or quod- 
 dam (§91). 
 
 certainly (in answers), sane. 
 
 change {noun), comuiutatid, /. 
 
 charge, be in charge, praesum, 
 esse, fui, construed with dat. 
 (§ 187, II, a). 
 
 charge, put in charge, praeficiO, 
 
 ere, feci, fectus, construed 
 
 with dat. (§ 187, III), 
 check, tardo, 1. 
 chief, princeps, ipis, m. 
 children, llberi, 5rum, m. 
 choose, deligo, ere, legi, lectus. 
 circumstance, res, el, /. 
 citizen, fellow-citizen, civis, 
 
 is, c. 
 city, urbs, urbis, /. 
 coast, ora, ae, /. 
 cohort, cohors, rtis, /. 
 come, venio, ire, veni, ventum. 
 come together, convenio, ire, 
 
 veni, ventum. 
 command {noun), mandatum, 
 
 1, n. 
 command {verb), impero, 1. 
 commander, iuiperator, oris, m. 
 common, communis, e. 
 compel, cogo, ere, coegi, co- 
 
 actus. 
 complain, queror, i, questus 
 
 sum. 
 concern, it concerns, interest, 
 
 esse, fuit. 
 concerning, de, prep. iv. abl. 
 condition, condicio, onis,/. 
 confer, coUoquor, i, lociitus 
 
 sum. 
 conference, colloquium, i(ii), n. 
 confidence, fiducia, ae, /. 
 conquer, vinco, ere, vici, victus. 
 consider, arbitror, ari, atus 
 
 sum. 
 consul, consul, is, m. 
 consult (with), dellbero, 1. 
 consume, consumo, ere, sumpsi, 
 
 sumptus. 
 contend, dimico, 1. 
 
contented 
 
 171 
 
 else 
 
 contented, contentus, a, urn. 
 controversy, controversia, ae, 
 
 /• 
 conversation, sermo, onis, m. 
 
 council, concilinm, i (ii), n. 
 
 country, native country, patria, 
 
 ae, f. 
 courageous, audax. acis. 
 courageously, audacter, from 
 
 adj. audax, acis. 
 cowardly, ignavus, a, urn. 
 Crassus, Crassus, i, m. 
 crime, scelus, eris, n. 
 cross, transeo, ire, ii, iturus. 
 custom, mos, moris, m. 
 
 danger, perTculum, I, n. 
 
 dare, audeo, ere, ausus sum, 
 
 semi -de p. 
 Darius, Darius, ii, m. 
 daughter, filia, ae, /. 
 day, dies, ei, m. 
 death, mors, mortis, /. 
 decide, constituo, ere, ul, utus. 
 decree, decerno, ere, crevi, 
 
 cretus. 
 deep, altus, a, um. 
 defeat, supero, 1. 
 defend, defendo, ere, fendl, 
 
 fensus. 
 delay, mora, ae, /. 
 deliberate, deliberd, are, avi, 
 
 atus. 
 delight, delecto, 1. 
 demand, impero, 1 ; flagito, 1. 
 depart, abeo, ire, ii, iturus. 
 depth, altitude, in is, /. 
 deserter, perfuga, ae, m. 
 deserve, mereor, eri, meritus 
 
 sum. 
 desire, wish, opto, 1. 
 
 despise, despicio, ere, spexi, 
 
 spectus. 
 determine, constituo, ere, ui, 
 
 utus. 
 difficult, difficilis, e. 
 dignity, dignitas, atis, /. 
 diligence, diligentia, ae, /. 
 disaster, clades, is, /. 
 discipline, dlsciplina, ae. /. 
 discover, reperio, ire, repperi, 
 
 repertus. 
 dismiss, dimitto, ere, misi, 
 
 missus. 
 dissension, dissensio, onis, /. 
 distant, be distant, absum, 
 
 esse, afui, afuturus. 
 ditch, fcssa, ae, /. 
 do. facio, ere, feci, factus. 
 Domitius, Domitias, i, (ii), m. 
 doubt, be in doubt, dubito, 1. 
 draw up. instruo, ere, struxi, 
 
 structus. 
 drive back, repello, ere, rep- 
 
 puli, repulsus. 
 drive out, expello, ere, pull, 
 
 pulsus. 
 duty, ofBcium, i (ii), n. 
 
 each, quisque, quaeque, quid- 
 
 que. 
 each (of two), uterque, utraque, 
 
 utrunique. 
 each other, sui, sibi, se; also 
 
 nos, vos tised reflexively 
 
 (§ 244, 5). 
 eager, alacer, alacris, alacre. 
 easily, facile, from adj. faci- 
 
 lis, e. 
 easy, facilis, e. 
 eighty, octoginta. 
 else, alius, a, ud. 
 
embankment 
 
 1T2 
 
 forage 
 
 embankment, agger, eris, m. 
 embassy, legatio, onis, /. 
 encourage, confirmo, 1. 
 endeavor, conor, ari, atus sum, 
 
 dep. 
 end of, extremus, a, um 
 
 (§241,1). 
 endure, perfero, ferre, tuli, 
 
 latus. 
 enemy (in military sense), 
 
 hostis, is, c; (collectively), 
 
 hostes, iiim, m. 
 enemy (personal), inimicus, i, 
 
 m. 
 enjoy, fruor, I (§ 218, 1). 
 enough, satis (§ 201, 2). 
 enter, enter upon, ineo, ire, ii, 
 
 itiirus. 
 entreat, obsecro, 1. 
 envoy, legatus, i, m. 
 escape, effugio, ere, fugi, fugi- 
 
 tHrus. 
 especially, maxime (§ 77, 1). 
 establish, confirmo, 1. 
 even, etiam. 
 not even, ne . . . quidem, lOiY/i 
 
 the emphatic word or phrase 
 
 between. 
 ever, always, semper. 
 ever (at any time), umquam. 
 (evident) it is evident, constat 
 
 (§138). 
 exhaust, wear out, conficio, 
 
 ere, feci, fectus. 
 expect, exspecto, 1. 
 explore, explore, 1. 
 
 fail, desum, deesse, defui. 
 family (stock), genus, eris, n. 
 far (adv.), longe. 
 farmer, agricola, ae, m. 
 
 farther (adj.), ulterior, us 
 
 •(§73,1). 
 father, pater, patris, m. 
 fatherland, patria, ae, /. 
 favor, beneticium, i (ii), n. 
 fear (noun), timor, oris, m. 
 fear (verb), timeo, ere, ui. 
 fellow-citizen, civis, is, c. 
 fertile, feras, acis. 
 few, pauci, ae, a, 
 field, ager, agri, to. 
 fiercely, acriter ; from the adj., 
 
 acer, acris, acre, 
 fifteen, quindecim. 
 fight, piigno, 1. 
 fill, fill up, compleo, ere, evi, 
 
 etus. 
 find, find out (by searching), 
 
 reperio, Ire, repperi, reper- 
 
 tus. 
 find (come upon), invenio, ire, 
 
 veni, ventus, 
 first, adj., primus, a, um. 
 first, adv., primum, 
 fit out, equip, instruo, ere, uxi, 
 
 uctus. 
 five, quinque. 
 flee, flee from, fugio, ere, fugi, 
 
 fugitiirus. 
 flee for refuge, confugio, ere, 
 
 fugi, fugiturus. 
 fleet, classis, is, /. 
 (following), on the following 
 
 day, postridie. 
 follow up, consector, ari, atus 
 
 sum. 
 fond, fond of, cupidus, a, um. 
 foot, pes. pedis, m. 
 for (in behalf of), pro, prep. w. 
 
 abl. 
 forage, pabulum, I, n. 
 
force 
 
 173 
 
 Helvetii 
 
 force (verb), cogo, ere, coegi, 
 
 coactus. 
 forces, copiffi, arum, /. 
 ford, vadum, !, n. 
 forest, silva, ae, /. 
 forget, obliviscor, i, oblitus 
 
 sum. 
 form (a plan), ineo, ire, inii, 
 
 initus. 
 fort, castellum, i, n. 
 fortify, munio, ire, ivi, itus. 
 fortunate, felix, icis. 
 fortune, f ortiina, ae, /. 
 fortune (in sense of property) , 
 
 fortiinae, arum, /. 
 four, quattuor. 
 free (adj.), liber, a, um. 
 free, set free, libero, 1. 
 frequent, creber, bra, brum, 
 friend, amicus, i, m. 
 friendship, amicitia, ae, /. 
 frighten, perterreo, ere, uT, itus. 
 from, a, ab, prep. vj. abl. 
 from, out of. e, ex. prep. lo. abl. 
 from (= of), icitJi verbs of cle- 
 
 ynanding, etc., a, ab. 
 from, after verbs of hindering, 
 
 etc., quominus, ne. 
 from all sides, undique. 
 front (adj.), primus, a, um. 
 
 Galba, Galba, ae. m. 
 garrison, praesidium, i (ii), n. 
 gate, porta, ae, /. 
 Gaul (a Gaul), Gallus, i, m. 
 Gaul (the country), G?^^\\?i, ae,/. 
 Geneva. Geneva, ae, /. 
 German, Germ anus, a, um ; 
 
 Germanus, i, m. 
 Germany, Germania, ae, /. 
 get ready («m?is.),paro, 1. 
 
 gift, donum, i, n. 
 
 give, do, dare, dedi, datus. 
 
 glad, lactus, a, um. 
 
 go. ed, ire, ivi (ii), itum (§ 132). 
 
 go around, circumeo, ire, ivi 
 
 (ii), itus (§ 132). 
 go away, abeo, ire, ii, itiirus. 
 God, deus, i, m. 
 good, bonus, a, um. 
 go out, exeo, ire, exii, exitu- 
 
 rus. 
 grain, friimentum, i, n. 
 great, magnus, a, um (§ 72). 
 greatest (of qualities), sum- 
 
 mus, a, um. 
 greatly, magnopere; 
 grief, dolor, oris, m. 
 (ground), on the ground that, 
 
 quod. 
 guard, watch, servo, 1 ; tueor, 
 
 eri. 
 
 Haedui, Haedui, orum, m. 
 happen, be done, fio, fieri, fac- 
 
 tus sum. 
 happen, it happens, it befalls, 
 
 impersonal, accidit, ere, ac- 
 
 cidit. 
 happy, felix, icis. 
 harass, vexo, are, avi, atus, 
 harbor, portus, us, m. 
 harm, detrimentum, i, n. 
 hasten, contendo, ere, endi, 
 
 entum. 
 hate, odi, odisse (§ 133). 
 have, habeo, ere, ui, itus. 
 he, is (ea, id) (§ 87). 
 hear, audio, ire, ivi, itus. 
 heart, courage, animus, i, m. 
 help, auxilium, i (ii), n. 
 Helvetii, Helvetii, orum, m. 
 
her 
 
 174 
 
 lead 
 
 her, Sims, a, um (§ 86, 1), re- 
 flexive. 
 here, hie. 
 
 high, altus, a, um, 
 highest {of qualities), sum- 
 
 inus, a, um. 
 hill, collis, is, m. 
 himself, herself, etc., sui, sibi, 
 
 se, reflexive. 
 hinder, impede, impedio, ire, 
 
 ivi, itus. 
 his, suLis, a, um, reflexive. 
 home, domus, us (§ 49, 4) ; at 
 
 home, domi (§ 232, 2). 
 home (to one's home), domum 
 
 (§ 182, 1, h). _ 
 honor, honor, oris, m. 
 hope, spes, ei, /. 
 horse, equus, T, m. 
 horseman, eques, itis, m. 
 hostage, obses, idis, c. 
 hostile, inimicus, a, um. 
 house, domus, iis, /. 
 how many, quot, indecl. 
 how much, followed by gen. of 
 
 the v)hole (§ 201, 2) , quantum. 
 hundred, centum. 
 hurry, contendo, ere, tendi, 
 
 tentum. 
 
 I, ego, mei. 
 
 if, si, coiij. 
 
 immediately, statim. 
 
 in, in, prep. iv. abl. 
 
 inasmuch as, quoniam (§280,1). 
 
 increase (trans.), augeo, ere, 
 
 auxi, auctus. 
 infantry, pedites, um, m. 
 influence, auctdritas, atis, /. 
 inform, certiorem facio, ere, 
 
 feci, factus. 
 
 be informed, certior fio, fieri, 
 
 factus sum, 
 inhabit, incolo, ere, colui, cul- 
 
 tus. 
 inhabitant, incola, ae, m. 
 injure, noceo, ere, ui, ittirus, 
 
 inith the dat. (§ 187, II, a). 
 into, in, prej). w. ace. 
 island, insula, ae, /. 
 Italy, Italia, ae, /. 
 
 javelin, telum, i, n. 
 
 join (battle), committo, ere, 
 
 misi, missus. 
 journey, iter, itineris, n. 
 joyful, laetus, a, um. 
 
 Kalends, Kalendae, arum, /. 
 keep off, away, ward off, pro- 
 
 hibeo, ere, ui, itus. 
 kill, interficio, ere, feci, fec- 
 
 tus. 
 kind, modus, i, m. 
 kindness, beneficium, i (ii), n. 
 king, rex, regis, m. 
 know, scio, ire, ivi, itus. 
 
 labor, labor, oris, m. 
 
 lack, be lacking, desum, deesse, 
 
 defui (§ 125). 
 land, ager, agri, m. 
 land {as opposed to the water), 
 
 terra, ae. /. 
 large, magnus. a, um (§ 72). 
 last, last part of, limiting a 
 
 noun, extremus, a, um 
 
 (§241, 1). 
 last (of time), ultiuuis (§ 73, 1). 
 law, statute, lex, legis,/. 
 lay waste, vasto, 1. 
 lead, duco, ere, duxi, ductus. 
 
lead 
 
 175 
 
 narrow pass 
 
 lead, lead out, lead away, de- j 
 duco, ere, duxl, ductus. | 
 
 lead across, traduco, ere, duxl, 
 ductus. 
 
 lead back, reduce, ere, duxl, 
 ductus. 
 
 leader, dux, ducis. c. 
 
 lead forth, edCico, ere, duxl, 
 ductus. 
 
 leave, leave behind, relinquo, 
 ere, liqui, lictus. 
 
 legion, legio, onis, /. 
 
 lend {help), fero, ferre, tuli, 
 latus. 
 
 Lentulus, Lentulus, I, m. 
 
 less, minus. 
 
 lest, ne. 
 
 let go, dimitto, ere, misi, mis- 
 sus. 
 
 letter (an epistle), litterae, 
 arum, /. 
 
 liberty, libertas, atis, /. 
 
 lieutenant, legatus, i, in. 
 
 life, vita, ae, /. 
 
 light, levis, e ; light-armed, 
 expedltus, a, um. 
 
 like, similis, e. 
 
 line of battle, acies, el, /. 
 
 little, parvus, a, um. 
 
 little (a little), paulum. 
 
 long (adj.), longus, a, um. 
 
 long (adv.), diu. 
 
 lose, amitto, ere, misi, missus. 
 
 love, amo, are, avi, atus. 
 
 loyalty, fides, el, /. 
 
 Lucretia, Lucretia, ae, /. 
 
 make, facio, ere, feci, factus. 
 
 make (somebody or something 
 safe, hold, clear, etc.), reddo, 
 ere, reddidi, redditus. 
 
 man, homo, inis, c, the general 
 term; man as opposed to 
 looman, or as a complimen- 
 tary designation, vir, viri, m. 
 
 manners, mores, um, m. 
 
 many, multl, ae, a ; very many, 
 ■ complures, a ; gen., conjplu- 
 rium. 
 
 march (noun), iter, itineris, n. 
 
 march (verb), iter facere, lit., 
 mal'e a march. 
 
 march forth, out, egredior, i, 
 gressus sum. 
 
 Marcus. Marcus, T, m. 
 
 maritime, maritimus, a, um. 
 
 Marseilles, Massilia, ae,/. 
 
 matchless, singularis, e. 
 
 meanwhile, interea. 
 
 memory, memoria, ae. /. 
 
 messenger, nuntius, I (ii), m. 
 
 middle (of), medius, a, um 
 (§241, 1). 
 
 mile, mille passus, lit., thou- 
 sand paces ; pi. , millia pas- 
 suum. 
 
 mind, mens, mentis, /. 
 
 money, pecuuia, ae,/. 
 
 month, mensis, is, m. 
 
 more (adv.), magis. 
 
 more (substantive), plus, plu- 
 ris, n. 
 
 most, plerique, aeque, aque. 
 
 mountain, mons, mentis, m. 
 
 move, moveo, ere, movi, motus. 
 
 much, multus, a, um. 
 
 multitude, multitudo, inis,/. 
 
 my, meus, a, um. 
 
 name, nomen, inis, n. 
 narrow, angustus, a, um. 
 narrow pass, angustiae, arum, /; 
 
naval 
 
 176 
 
 persuade 
 
 naval, navalis, e. 
 
 nearest, proximus, a, um 
 
 (§73, 1). 
 necessary, it is necessary, ne- 
 
 cesse est. 
 necessary (there is need), opus 
 
 (est). 
 need, there is need, opus est 
 
 (§ 218, 2). 
 neglect, neglego, ere, lexi, 
 
 lectus. 
 neighboring, finitimus, a, um. 
 never, numquam. 
 next, proximus, a, um (§ 73, 
 
 1; 192, 1). 
 no, nullus, a, um ; in answers, 
 
 see § 162, 5, b. 
 no one, nemo, dat. nemini, 
 
 ace. nemiuem ; gen. and abl., 
 
 "wanting, 
 noble, nobilis, e. 
 not, non ; ne. 
 (not), is not? does not? etc., 
 
 nonne (§ 162, 2). 
 not even, ne . . . quidem, loith 
 
 the emphatic word beticeen. 
 notice, animadverto, ere, verti, 
 
 versus, 
 not yet, nondum. 
 nothing, nihil, indecl. 
 now {at the present time^ , nunc, 
 number, numerus, i, m. 
 
 obstruct, obstruo, ere, struxi, 
 
 structus. 
 occur, flo, leri, f actus sum. 
 of, concerning, de, prep. iv. 
 
 abl. 
 often, saepe. 
 old, vetus, eris. 
 on, in, 2:)rep. iv. abl. 
 
 on all sides, undique, adv. 
 
 one, unus, a, um. 
 
 one . .y. another, alius . . . alius ; 
 
 the one . . . the other, alter 
 
 ... alter. 
 onset, impetus, us, m. 
 opinion, opinio, onis, /. 
 opportune, opportunus, a, um. 
 opportunity, occasio, onis, /. 
 order, demand, impero, 1. 
 order, command, jubeo, ere, 
 
 jussi, jussus. 
 Orgetorix, Orgetorix, Igis, m. 
 other, another, alius, a, ud. 
 other, the other, alter, a, um. 
 others, all the others, ceteri, 
 
 ae, a. 
 ought, debeo, ere, ui, itus ; it 
 
 behooves, oportet, ere, opor- 
 
 tuit. 
 our, our own, noster, tra, trum. 
 overcome, supero, are, avi, atus. 
 overwhelm, opprimo, ere, 
 
 ' press! , pressus. 
 owe, debeo, ere, ui, itus. 
 
 pace (=5 feet) , passus, us, m. 
 
 part, pars, partis, /. 
 
 pass (a pass), angustiae, arum, 
 
 pass the winter, hiemo, 1. 
 peace, pax, pacis, /. 
 people, populus, i, m. 
 perish, intereO, ire, ii, iturus 
 
 (§ 132). 
 permit, permitto, ere, misT, 
 
 missus. 
 (permitted), it is permitted, 
 
 licet, ere, licuit, imp. 
 persuade, persuadeo, ere, suasi, 
 
 suasum (§ 187, II, a). 
 
pity 
 
 177 
 
 resist 
 
 pity, misericordia, ae, /. 
 
 pity, it excites pity, miseret, 
 miserere, miseruit, imper- 
 sonal. 
 
 place (noun), locus, I, m. 
 
 place (verb), colloco, 1. 
 
 place in charge, in command 
 over, praeficio, ere, feci, fec- 
 tus, loith the dat. of indirect 
 o?>;. (§187, III). 
 
 plain, planities, el, /. 
 
 plan, consilium, i, ?«. 
 
 please, placeo, ere, ui, itiirus. 
 
 plots, insidiae, arum, /. 
 
 plunder, diripio, ere, ripui, 
 reptus. 
 
 Pompey, Pompejus, Pompei, 
 m. 
 
 power, potestas, atis, /. ; de- 
 notes the power that is vested 
 in an official. 
 
 powerful, potens, entis. 
 
 praetor, praetor, oris, 7n. " 
 
 praise (noun), laus, laudis, /. 
 
 praise (verb), laudo, 1. 
 
 precede, antecedo, ere, cessi, 
 cessurus. 
 
 prefer, malo, malle, malui 
 (§ 130). 
 
 present, give, dono, 1. 
 
 present, be present, adsum, 
 esse, fui, futurus. 
 
 press on, insto, are, stiti. 
 
 prevail, valeo, ere, valui. 
 
 prevent, prohibed, ere, ui, itus. 
 
 prisoner, captivus, I, m. 
 
 pristine, pristinus, a, um. 
 
 procure, paro. 1. 
 
 promise, polliceor, eri, itus 
 sum, 
 
 province, provincia, ae, /. 
 
 put in charge, praeficio, ere, 
 feci, fectus (§ 187, III). 
 
 put to flight, fugo, are, avi, 
 atus. 
 
 quickly, celeriter, adv., from 
 
 the adj., celer, eris, ere. 
 quite, omnino. 
 
 rampart, agger, eris, m. 
 
 rashly, temere. 
 
 ravage, vexo, 1. 
 
 receive, accipio, ere, cepi, cep- 
 
 tus. 
 recent, recens, entis. 
 recollection, memoria, ae,/. 
 reduce, redigo, ere, egi, actus, 
 refuse, recuse, 1. 
 region, regio, onis, /. 
 regret, it causes regret, paeni- 
 
 tet, ere, uit, impersonal 
 
 (§ 138). 
 remain, maneo, ere, mansi, 
 
 mansurus. 
 remaining, reliquus, a, um. 
 remember, bear in mind, me- 
 
 mini, isse (§ 133). 
 remind, admoueo, ere, ui, itus. 
 render, reddo, ere, reddidi, red- 
 
 ditus. 
 reply, respondeo, ere, respoiidi, 
 
 responsus. 
 report (noun), fama, ae,/. 
 report (verb), renuntio, 1. 
 republic, res publica, rei publi- 
 
 cae, /. 
 reputation, fama, ae,/. 
 request, seek, peto, ere, petivi 
 
 (ii), itus. 
 resist, resisto, ere, restiti, with 
 
 dat. (§ 187, II, a). 
 
resolve 
 
 178 
 
 speak 
 
 resolve, constitu5, ere, ul, utus. 
 rest, rest of, reliquus, a, um. 
 rest, the rest, ceteri, ae, a. 
 retain, retineo, ere, ui, ten- 
 
 tus. 
 retard, tardo, 1. 
 retreat, se recipere (recipio,ere, 
 
 cepi, ceptus). 
 return (trans.), reddo, ere, red- 
 
 didi, redditus. 
 return (intrans.), reverter, i; 
 
 redeo, ire, il, itum. 
 revolt, defectio, onis, /. 
 reward, praemium, i (ii), n. 
 Rhine, Rhenus, i, m. 
 Rhone, Rliodanus, T, m. 
 right, dexter, tra, trum. 
 river, flumen, inis, n. 
 road, iter, itineris, n. 
 Roman, Romanus, a, um ; a 
 
 Roman, Romanus, i, m. 
 Rome, Roma, ae, /. 
 run forward, procurro, ere, 
 
 cucurri, cursum. 
 
 safety, salus, utis, /. 
 
 sake, for the sake, causa, with 
 
 gen.; the gen. ]wecedes. 
 sally, eruptio, oiiis, /. 
 same, idem, eadem, idem (§87); 
 
 at same time, simul. 
 save, servo, 1. 
 say, dic5, ere, dixi, dictus. 
 scarcely, vix. 
 sea, mare, is, 7i. 
 secretly, clam, 
 see, video, ere, vidi, vTsus. 
 seek, peto, ere, Ivi (ii), itus. 
 seem, videor, eri, visus sum. 
 seize, occupo, 1. 
 self, oneself, sui, sibi, se. 
 
 self (i.e. I myself, you yourself, 
 
 etc.), ipse in apposition with 
 
 the subject or object. 
 sell, vendd, ere, vendidi, vendi- 
 
 tus. 
 senate, senatus, us, m. 
 send, mitto, ere, misi, missus. 
 Sequani, Sequani, orum, m. 
 set free, libero, 1. 
 set on fire, incendo, ere, end!, 
 
 eiisus. 
 set out, proficiscor, i, fectus 
 
 sum. 
 she, ea,/. o/is (§ 87). 
 sharply, acriter. 
 shield, scHtum, i, n. 
 ship, 11 avis, is, /. 
 (sides) on all, undique. 
 shore, litus, oris, n. 
 short, brevis, e. 
 show, praesto, are, stiti. 
 since (causal), cum. 
 six, sex, indecl. 
 six hundred, sescenti, ae, a. 
 size, mfignitudo, inis, /. 
 slave, servus, i, m. 
 small, parvus, a, um (§ 72). 
 so (of degree) ., tam. 
 so, thus (of manner), ita, sic. 
 so great, tantus, a, um. 
 so many, tot, indecl. 
 soldier, miles, itis, m. 
 some, something, aliquis, ali- 
 
 qua, aliquid or aliquod. 
 some . . . others, alii . . . alii, 
 son, filius, i, m. 
 Spain, riispania, ae, /. 
 spare, parco, ere, peperci, par- 
 
 siirus (§ 187, II, a). 
 speak, lo(inor, T, locCitus sum ; 
 dico, ere, dixi, dictus. 
 
speed 
 
 179 
 
 trench 
 
 speed, celeritas, atis, /. 
 
 spend, ago, ere, egi, actus. 
 
 standard, signum, i, n. 
 
 state, civitas, atis, /. 
 
 station, colloco, 1. 
 
 stone, lapis, idis, n. 
 
 straightway, statim. 
 
 such, talis, e. 
 
 suddenly, subito. 
 
 suffer, patior, i, passus sum. 
 
 suitable, idoneus, a, um. 
 
 summer, aestas, atis, /. 
 
 summon, voco, 1. 
 
 (superior), be superior to, su- 
 
 pero, 1. 
 supply, copia, ae, /. 
 surpass, supevd, 1. 
 surrender (oneself), dedo, ere, 
 
 dedidi, deditus. 
 surround, circumvenio, ire, 
 
 veni, ventus ; circumeo, ire, 
 
 ii, itus. 
 suspicion, suspicio, onis, /. 
 swift, celer, eris, ere. 
 sword, gladius, i (ii), m. 
 
 take, seize, capio, ere, cepi, 
 
 captus. 
 take by storm, expugno, 1. 
 talent, talentum, i, n. 
 tarry, nioror, ari, atus sum. 
 teach, doceo, ere, ui, doctus. 
 tell, say, dico, ere, dixi, dictus. 
 ten, decem, inded. 
 terrify, perterreo, ere, ui, ter- 
 
 ritus. 
 terms, condicio, onis, /. 
 than, quam, conj. ; see also § 217. 
 that, is, ea, id ; ille, ilia, illud. 
 that of yours, iste, ista, istud. 
 that, rel pron., qui, quae, quod. 
 
 that, in order that, ut ; qui, 
 
 quae, quod with the suhj. ; 
 
 with comp., quo, 
 that, lest, idth verbs of fear- 
 
 iiKj, lie. 
 that not, in order that not, ne. 
 that not, with verbs of fearing, 
 
 ut, 
 that {of result), ut, 
 that not (of resnlt), ut non. 
 that, on the ground that, quod, 
 their, their own, suus, a, um. 
 there, ibi. 
 
 they, see he, she, etc. 
 thing, res, rei, /. 
 think, puto, 1, 
 thirty, triginta. 
 this, liic, haec, hoc, 
 those, as antecedent of rel., ei, 
 
 eae, ea. 
 thou, til, tui. 
 though, quamquam, quamvis, 
 
 etsi, cum. 
 thousand, mille ; pL, miUia, 
 
 ium, n. 
 three, tres, tria, 
 ' three days, triduum, i, n. 
 three hundred, treceuti, ae, a. 
 thrust out, eicio, ere, ejeci, 
 
 ejectus. 
 till, dum, donee, conj. 
 time, tempus, oris, n. 
 to, ad, pi'ep. w. ace. 
 (top) top of, I'jith a noun, sum- 
 
 mus, a. um (§ 73, 2 ; 241, 1), 
 torture, suppliciuin, i (ii). n. 
 touch, moveo. ere, movl, motus. 
 tower, turris, is, /, 
 town, oppidum. i, n. 
 tree, arbor, oris, /. 
 trench, fossa, ae, /. 
 
tribe 
 
 180 
 
 withstand 
 
 tribe, gens, gentis, /. 
 tribune, tribuniis, i, m. 
 troops, copiae, arum, /. 
 trust, confldo, ere, fisus sum, 
 
 semi-dep. (§ 187, II, a). 
 try, make trial, tempto, are, 
 
 avi, atus. 
 twenty, viginti. 
 two, duo, duae, duo. 
 two hundred, ducenti, ae, a. 
 
 uncertain, incertus, a, um. 
 under, sub., pre}x ic. ahl. or ace. 
 understand, intellego, ere, lexi, 
 
 lectus. 
 unfavorable, alienus, a, um. 
 unharmed, incolumis, e. 
 unite, conjungo, ere, jimxT, 
 
 jCmctus. 
 until, dum, donee, quoad, 
 unwilling, invitus, a, um ; be 
 
 unwilling, nolo, nolle, nolui. 
 uprising, tumultus, us, m. 
 us, nos, nostrum, nostri, pi. of 
 
 ego. Cf. § 242, 2. 
 use, utor, i, usus sum. 
 
 valor, virtus, utis, /. 
 Veneti, Veneti, orum, m. 
 very many, complures, a; gen., 
 
 compltirium. 
 victor, victor, oris, m. 
 victory, victoria, ae, /. 
 vigorous, acer, acris, acre, 
 vigorously, acriter. 
 village, vicus, i, m. 
 violence, vis, vis (§41), /. 
 virtue, virtus, utis, /. 
 voice, vox, vocis, /. 
 
 wage, gero, ere, gessi, gestus. 
 
 wait, exspecto, 1, 
 
 war, bellum, i, n. 
 
 warm, moneo, ere, uT, itus. 
 
 watch, vigilia, ae, /. 
 
 weapons, arma, orum, n. 
 
 welcome, gratus, a, um. 
 
 well, bene (§ 77, 1). 
 
 what? quis (qui), quae, quid, 
 
 (quod). 
 whatever, quisquis, quidquid. 
 when ? quando. 
 when, rel., ubi, ut, cum. 
 whence, unde. 
 where ? ubi. 
 where, rel., ubi. 
 whether, num, -ne. 
 while, conj.., dum (§ 293). 
 whither, quo. 
 who ? quis. 
 who, which, rel. pron.., qui, 
 
 quae, quod, 
 whole, totus, a, um (§ QQ). 
 why ? cur, quare. 
 wife, uxor, oris, /. 
 willing, be willing, volo, velle, 
 
 volui. 
 win, paro, 1. 
 wing (of an army), cornfi, 
 
 us, n. 
 winter, biems, is, /. 
 winter quarters, hiberna, orum, 
 
 n. 
 wish, volo, velle, volul. 
 with, cum, prep. iv. ahl. 
 withdraw (trans.)., subduco, 
 
 ere, duxl, ductus. 
 withdraw (intrans.), discedo, 
 
 ere, cessi, cessurus. 
 without, sine, prep. w. ahl. 
 withstand, sustineo, ere, ui, 
 
 teutus. 
 
woman 
 
 181 
 
 youth 
 
 woman, mulier, ieris, /. 
 word, verbum, I, n. 
 work (« ivork), opus, eris, n. 
 worthy, dignus, a, um. 
 wound (noun), vulnus, eris, n. 
 wound (verb), vuhiero, are, 
 
 avi, atus. 
 write, scribo, ere, scripsi, scrip- 
 
 tus. 
 wrong (a wrong), injuria, ae, /. 
 
 year, annus, i, m. 
 
 yes, see § 162, 5, a. 
 
 yet, not yet, nondum. 
 
 you, tu, tul. 
 
 young man, adulescens, entis, 
 
 m. 
 your, your own, tuus, a, um ; 
 
 vester, tra, trum. 
 youth (a youth), adulescens, 
 
 entis, m. 
 
14- LA TIN. 
 
 A Latin Grammar. 
 
 By Professor Charles E. Bennett, Cornell University. lamo, cloth, 
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 ceive special attention ; and the results of recent investigation 
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